s-m- c BULLETIN OF THK MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE, IN CAMBRIDGE. VOL. XXV. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A. 1893-1895. Reprinted with the permission of the original publisher KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION New York 1967 s-m~c Printed in U.S.A. CONTENTS. Page No. 1. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to tlie West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. VII. The Orthoptera of the Galapagos Islands. By Samuel H. Scudder. (1^ Plates.) September, 1890 ... 1 No. 2. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commis.sion Steamer " Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. VIII. Compte-Rendu sur les Pantopodes. Par W. M. ScHiMKEWiTSCH. (2 Plates.) December, 1893 27 No. o. — A Method of Orienting small Objects for the Microtome. I?y W. JIcM. WooDwoRTii. December, 1893 45 No. 4. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on b}- tiie U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. IX. Report on the Turbellaria. i;y W. McM. WooDwORTH. (1 Plate.) January, 1894 49 No. 5. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. X. Note Prcliminaire sur les Alcyonaires. Par TiiEOPHiLE Studer. January, 1894 53 No. 6. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XI. The Ilydroids. By Samuel F. Clarke. (5 Plates.) February, 1894 71 No. 7. — Contrib\itions from the Zordogical Laboratory, under the Direction of E. L. Mark. XFJ. The Origin of the Endocardium in Bony Fishes. By A. T. IIoLBHOOK. (■'. Plates.) August, 1894 79 IV CONTENTS. ' ■ Page. No. 8. — Reports on tlie Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in tlie Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XIV. Report on the Pelagic Schizopoda. By Arnold Ortmann. (1 Plate.) September, 1894 99 No. 9. — Cruise of the Steam Yacht " Wild Duck " in the Bahamas, January to April, 1893, in charge of Alexander Agassiz. II. Notes on the Shells collected. By William Healy Dall. (1 Plate.) October, 1894 . . . 11.3 No. 10. — Reports on the Dredging Operations oflf the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, earned on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XIII. Die Opisthobranchien. Von Rudolph Bergh. (12 Plates.) October, 1894 125 No. 11. — Cruise of the Steam Yacht " Wild Duck " in the Bahamas, January to April, 189-3, in charge of Alexander Agassiz. III. An Account of some Medusae obtained in the Bahamas. By Alfred Goldsborough Mayer. (3 Plates.) November, 1894 235 No. 12. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XVI. Die Pelagischen Copepoden. Von WiLiiELM GiESBRECHT. (4 Plates.) April, 1895 243 No. 1. — Reports on the Dredging Oj^eratioiis off the West Coast of Central Amcriea to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on hy the U. S. Fish Comviission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Com- manding. [Published by Permission of Marshall McDonald, U. S Fish Commissioner.] VII. The Orthoptera of the Galaimgos Islands. By Samuel H. Scudder. The first Orthoptera collected on the Galapagos Islands were obtained by Darwin in 1835, during the voyage of the " Beagle," and found their way to the British Museum, where they have been reported on by Walker and Butler. Darwin collected on several of the islands, but the speci- mens were not always kept separate. In 1852 the Swedish frigate "Eugenie" touched at the islands (Chatham, Charles, Indefatigable, Albemarle, and James), and from the collections made two species of Orthoptera were described by Stal, without statement of the particular islands on which they were taken. The islands were next visited, in 1872, by L. Agassiz in the " Hassler," which touched successively at Charles, Albemarle, James, Jervis, and Indefatigable, at all of wliich ex- cepting James and Jervis Orthoptera wei'e obtained. Next Commander Cookson visited the archipelago in the " Peterel " hi 1875, touching at Charles, Abingdon, and Albemarle, and bringing back Orthoptera from all but Abingdon ; these are in the British Museum, and have been reported on by Butler ; including those obtained by Darwin, there were six species. In the same year Wolf, the State Geologist of Ecuador, visited the islands, and in a brochure published later made mere mention of two species of Acridium, of which the smaller [Schistocerca literosa Walk.) was found in the vicinity of the sea, the larger (.S'. melanocera Stal) in the interior of the islands. Mr. A. Agassiz later made a similar VOL. XXV. — NO 1. 1 2 BULLETIN OF THE observation. In 1888 the naturalists of the U.S. Fish Commission steamer " Albatross " obtained considerable collections on Chatham, Charles, Albemarle, Indefatigable, James, and Duncan Islands, which were rej^orted on brieliy by Bruner, who specified ten species and indi- cated five others. The "Albatross" again visited the islands early in 18D1, and collections were made by A. Agassiz on Chatham, Charles, and Duncan Islands, which form the subject of a short unpublished notice by Riley. Finally, later in 1891, Baur made a special trip to the Galapa- gos for collecting animals and plants upon the land, under the auspices of Clark University, and brought back Orthoptera from Chatham, Hood, Gardner, Charles, Albemarle, Barrington, Indefotigable, Duncan, Jervis, and Tower. All the specimens collected on these several explorations, except those of Mr. Darwin, Commander Cookson, and the frigate "Eugenie," and including specimens of all but one of the species reported as obtained by them, have been studied by me, and form the subject of the provsent paper. I owe the opportunity of studying them to the liberality of the U. S. National Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Clark University, and Dr. Baur. They come from eleven different islands of the group, but mostly from Charles, Chatham, Albemarle, awd Indefatigable. There are but twenty species of Orthoptera, twelve of which are found on Charles Island, eleven on Chatham Island, four each on Albemarle, James, and Indefatigable, while only a single one is known from each of the others. Only nine of the species are known from more than one island, though one is known from eight ditferent islands. Excepting the cockroaches, fi^ve in nuujber and cosmopolitan forms, only two are credited with occur- rence elsewhere (on the west coast of South America), and these cases perhnpe require reinvestigation. The fact that the cockroaches are cos- mopolitan firms and have been brought only from tlie two islands (Charles and C'hatham) which have or have had settled inhabitants, sufficiently shows that they have been introduced commercially. That these same islands have been more frequently visited by naturalists — Charles Island probably by all of them — is am])le explanation for the larger number of species other than Cdckroachcs known from them. The following table shows the distribution of the dilierent forms : — MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. oj o 3 1" o s List of Species 5 3 C:5 bo a ■2 ^ ^ •-3 a* ""a 3 ft 6 O O ^ ^ Anisolabis bortnansi * Periplaueta ainerieana * * •' auritralasia; -* Nauphoeta cinerea * " circumvagans * Leucophasa sarinanieosis ... * * Galapagia solitaria # V'ates sp. * Closteridea bauri * Sphingonotus fusco-irro- ratus ? * * * Schistocerca melanocera # * * * * * " literosa * * * Ilalmenus robustus * * Dusmopleura couciona * Aiiauloeomera darwiuii * * Couoceplialus insulaaus ♦ Nesnecia cooksoni * * * Grj'llus gilapageius * ■> ? Grvllus sp. * Cycloptilum erraticum * One can hardly fail to be struck by the extreme poverty of this Orthopteran fauna under the equator, especially when the abundant vegetation of the higher ground is recalled. That a collector interested solely in insects would obtain more species is no doubt true ; but that no greater variety has been obtained by naturalists intent on securing every possible form of animal life, is complete evidence of the meagre- ness of the fauna. Moreover, we have the expressed opinion of Mr. A. Agassiz, who collected insects '' and was amazed at the poverty of the catch." If, in examining this fauna, we leave out of consideration, as we cer- tainly should, the five cockroaches which can in no sense be considered endemic, we have but fifteen species left. All these fifteen ai-e distinctly South and Central American in their affinities, and five of them are apterous or subapterous forms, the wings of which cannot even form a parachute to partially sustain the body, while a sixth, Calapagia, has an apterous female. This large proportion of forms incapable of flight, in an assemblage itself of excessively meagre propoi-tions, can be accounted for, it seems to me, otdy on the supposition that tlie Galapagos are of very recent origin, and have obtained their present Orthopteran fauna by the chance advent of pregnant females as waifs from the nearest shore, or the shore which the currents of the ocean practically make the ncai'cst. An insect that could not lly would here actually stand the best 4 BULLETLX OF THE chance, because it would have less inclination to attempt to leave the drift wood or what-not, which kept it above the waters, and thus the exceptional proportion of subapterous forms may readily be explained. At the same time, there can be little reason to question that a few of the species may be supposed to have reached the islands by fUght. One of tliem, the Sphingonotus, is strong-winged, and is said by Stal to occur also in the island of Puna in the Uay of Guayaquil ; this genus contains species wliich are among tlie exceedingly few Orthoptera believed to be common to the Old and New Worlds. Two others fiill in the same restricted genus, Schistocerca, to which belongs S. 2)<^'>'<'[/'>'i>i(i Oliv., a species which has with little doubt crossed the Atlantic from South America to Africa, being found on both continents and being the only species of this numerous genus which has been found outside of America. Moreover, Walker — not the best authority, it is true — identifies speci- mens in the British Museum from the west coast of South America with ^^. menalocera from the Galapagos ; and I have in my collection a new species of Schistocerca, the largest known to me,* which was taken at sea two hundred miles off the west coast of South America, or nearly half-way to the Galapagos. * As tliis seems a fitting occasion, I append a description of the species, which will doubtless be found at home on the west coast of South America. Schistocerca exsul, sp. nov. A species of tlie largest size, larger than any other tliat I have seen, allied to -b'. americuna. Frontal costa of head very broad, nar- rowed slightly at summit, where it scarcely equals the width of tlie vertex between the eyes. Prozona of thorax compressed somewhat, but equally, the dorsum tec- tiform and slightly carinate ; metazona very obtusely angulate behind. Anal area of the tegmina narrow, slightly narrower tlian tiie costal. Prosternal spine erect, com- pressed, the anterior face arcuate, the posterior straight, giving it a retrorse appear- ance. Head pale cinereous, the lower half obscurely infuscate, the frontal costa laterally infuscate above and the vertex marked irregularl}- with fuscous. Thorax blackish fuscous on the subrugose prozona, the lateral lobes more or less embrowned below, with an upper broad and lower slender pallid vitta ; metazona punctate, fusco-castaneous, the dorsum anteriorly streaked longtitudinally with fuscous. Tegmina cinereous, sparsely and irregularly maculate with fuscous on the basal half in the vicinity of the principal veins, and on the apical half marked with blackish fuscous linear dashes upon the nervules, ranged in irregularly parallel obliquely transverse series, diminishing in importance outwardly. Wings hyaline with black veins becoming luteous toward the base in the anal area, giving this a slightly flavescent tone ; a few subajiical cells are infumateil. Hind femora pallid cinereous, above feebly trifasciate with obscure fuscous , hind tibial spines yellow at base, red mesially, black apically. Length of body GG nun ; tegmina 77 mm.; hind femora 35 mm One female, taken two hundred and fifty miles off the west coast of South America. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 5 These three strong-wuigcd Acrididtc may tlicn be presumed to have reached the islands by flight from the mainland; the remainder, half of them apterous in the female sex or altogether, may be presumed to have reached the islands with the flotsam and jetsam of the ocean ; while the i)0verty of the fauna is distinct evidence that the islands have only been peopled by these methods, and within a relatively recent time. That this time is not actually very recent may be inferred from the variation of the same species on the different islands, variations which may be more or less clearly seen in the three species which we assume to have probably arrived through direct flight, but which are the only ones in which we have a fair number of specimens from three or move islands on which to ground an opinion. It is also to be inferred — but less confidently, from our incomplete knowledge of the American fauna — from the fact that outside of these species and the commercially in- troduced cockroaches, there is not a single one of the Galapagos species known upon the neighboring main, time having already permitted specific diff'erentiation througli isolation. FORFICULID^. Anisolabis bormansi, sp- nov. Plate I. Fig. 1. Anisolabis marltimn t Briin. ! (nee Bon ), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus , XTI 192 Head smooth, piceous ; labrnm fusco-testaceous, mouth ])arts testaceous; antennae 15-jointed, the basal joint testaceous, the second fuseo-testaceous, tlie thirteenth white, and the remainder nigro-fuscous. Pronntum quadrate, the surface smooth, with a median depression and two straight divergent depres- sions from the middle of the front margin, on either side of which tlie surface is slightly tumid ; hinder third piceous, the rest nigro-fuscous, except the margined sides which are luteous. Remainder of body piceous above, the abdomen with a castaneous tinge, feeldy punctate ; beneath dirty pallid, poste- riorly infuscated. Le^s jxde flavous, the femora clouded broadly with pale fuscous in tlie nnddle, the tiljife next the base. Sides of last aljdonnnal seg- ment oliscurely carinate. Forceps tri([uetral at base, strai,L,dit to near the slightly incurved, bluntly pointed tip, the inner edge distantly and feebly gramdate; viewed laterally they are feeldy arcuate upward. Length of body, including forceps, 13 mm. ; forceps, 2.4 mm. ; antenna;, 5 mm. t) BULLETIN OF THE Named for Mr. A. de Bormans, who has so largely extended our knowledge of Furticulidio within recent years. Chatham Island, 1 female, Explorations U. S. Fish Commission, 1888. This species differs from ^4. maritima Bon., to whicli it was at first referred by Bruner (but with douljt), in the much shorter antennfe with fewer joints and different coloring, the banding of the legs, the presence of a lateral carina on the last abdominal segment, and the somewhat stouter forceps. It seems to be more nearly allied to the group of species of Anisolabis found in Westei'u America, — A. aztcca, A. annulicornis, A. anioni, etc., — in which the antenufe have some of the subapical joints of a strikingly diilerent color from the rest. BLATTID^E. Subfamily PERIFLANETIN.E. Periplaneta americana (Linn.). Periplaneta amcrkana Butl., Proc. Zool Soc. Lend., 1877, p 87, Bnui.!, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus , XII. rj3. This species was first recorded l)y Butler IVom Charles Island ; sulisequently by Bruner from Cliatliam Island, but one of the specimens in the National Museum is marked from Charles laland. E.xplorations U. S. Fish Commis- sion, 1888. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabr.). Periplaneta austrahisicr Brun.", Proc U. S Nat. Mus, XII. 194. Recorded by Bruner from Charles Island. E.xplorations U. S. Fish Com- mission, 1888. Subfamily PANCHLORIN^.. Nauphoeta cinerea (Oliv.) Naiiphoeta hiriltnta? Brun.!, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII 194. The three specimens from Chatham Island referred liy Bruner to N. hivittata Brunn. (a s3nionym of the above) undoulitedly belong here. I notice in all of them, as in a s])ecimen from Mazatlan in my collection, that the dai'k band between the eyes is not only Ijroador, but also luore deeply colored, tlian that between the antenna;, a point whicli tlie various descriptions of this species do not appear to mention. Explorations U. S. Fish Commission, 1888. MUSEUM OF COAIPAHATIVE ZOOLOGY. 7 Nauphoeta circumvagans Brun. Naiiphoeta Ucviyata ? Brun.!, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII. 194. The other three immature female specimens referred to by Bruner as prob- ably belonging here (under the synonymical name N. Icevicjata Pal.) come from Charles Island, and from their immaturity must be placed here with some doubt, though by the coloi- of the head and pronotum, which are uniformly dark castaneous, and the structure of the terminal parts of the abdomen, it agrees completely with this species and differs from the preceding. Explora- tions U. S. Fish Commission, 1888. Leucophaea surinamensis (Linn ). Panchlora surinamensis Butl., Proc. ZoiJb Lend., 1877, p. 87. LeucopJuia surinamensis Brun.!, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII. 194. Butler first recorded this species from the Galapagos, his specimens coming from Charles Island. The specimens recorded by Bruner (Explorations U. S. Fish Conmiission, 1888) come from both Charles and Chatham Islands ; while Dr. Baur also obtained two immature specimens at Chatham Island. MANTID.E. Subfamily MANTIN^. GALAPAGIA, gen nov. Allied to Musonia Stal. Body slender subfiliform, the abdomen moderately stout. Posterior ridge of head with a slight rounded appressed elevation on either side, tlie lateral lobes rising and embracing the prominent, completely lateral eyes ; antennaj hliform. Anterior lobe of the pronotum half as long as the posterior lobe, and equal in length to either the meso- or the metanotum, expanded somewhat at base, broadly rounded, suljtruncate and depressed at apex, the sides parallel in the middle half. Legs slender, feebly setulose, the fore coxjE provided at apex on either side with a slight triangular elevated lobe ; fore femora slender, mesially ampliate, more than twice as long as the tiViiaj, with four spines on the exterior margin all beyond the middle, two or tliree inferior partly recumbent spines just beyond the middle, and an irregular series of seven or eight on the interior margin; fore tibiaj of normal f(jrm with two spines beneath on the exterior margin apically and six on the interior margin, three huge and three small, besides the a])icai spur ; first tarsal joint of fore legs much longer than the tibi;c, of the other legs and especially of the hind 8 " BULLETIN OF THE legs more than one third as long as the tibi;e; hind femora with no genicular spines. Female wingless ; tegmina of male with the venation of Musonia. Abdomen slightly expanded before the apex, as in Brunneria ; supra-anal plate lanceohite, nearly twice as long as basal breadth ; anal cerci moniliform, con- siderably longer than the supra-anal plate, subcylindrical, subequal, only the last joint tapering. This genus is closely allied to Musonia Stfd (= Thespis Sauss.), differing from it mainly in the ultimate structure of the fore til)i;t', the great size and length of the anal cerci, and the apical expansion of the abdomen. It appears to fall between it and Brunneria. Galapagia solitaria, sp. nov. Plate I. Fiffs. 2, 3. Sordid clay yellow, feebly marked with black or blackish fuscous. Head with a few scattered fuscous points and a Idackish spot at either end of the transverse sulcus behind the ocelli; each side of the summit in front of the posterior ridge with a large shallow fovea; antenna' annulate witli pale fuscous. Whole body with a heavy mediodorsal carina, feeble on the anterior lobe of the pronotum, evanescent behind the apex where the pronotum is slightly tumid. Legs dotted with fuscous. Sile Island are darker in the humeral and axillary areas, the cells in tlie apical half being completely and often deeply infumated, and at the s;,me time the main rays of the anal area are infuscated and thickened; in this respect the specimens from Charles, James, and Chatham Islands most nearly or often quite resemble them ; so too, in all of these, the apical half of the anal area is generally faintly infumated besides the infuscation of the veins. Finally, the antenna} are generally luteous throughout in specimens from Indefatigable Island with little or no apical infuscation, though this is occasionally tolerably distinct ; the same is true only in the few specimens from James Island and tlie single one from Chatham Island. The single female from Chathain Island, which agrees so well with the average size of the females from Indefatigable Island, seems also to agree with them in every other particular. I can find no feature in it which is not generally found in the others, and of one specimen in particular it is almost an exact duplicate. 1 Since writing the above, wliicli is left as first written. I have inquired of Mr. Aijassiz about the track of the " Ail)atross " in 1891, and iearii tVoni liiin tiiat the vessel did not touch at Albemarle Island, and tliat insects were collected only at Chatham, Charles, and Duncan Islands. He adds that one nifjht «as pa,>:ised off Indefatigal)le Isinml, ;md the party who went on shore, he anions tlieni, did not so far as lie recollects collect any insects , it was late in the evening when they landed. There can therefore, 1 think, be little doubt that the specimen came from Duncan Island. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 13 The specimens from Charles Island, most numerous in the collections, aver- age a little sma'ler than those previously mentioned, but agree on the whole better with them than with those from any other island. The maculation of the tegmina, however, is still less conspicuous than in the specimens from Inde- fatigaljle Island, least so of all the Galapagos specimens; Albemarle specimens approach them in this particular most closely, and indeed very closely, but the ground color of the Charles Island specimens is usually darker, owing to a generally deeper and broader infuscation of the principal veins and their branches, like that common in the specimens from Indefatigable Island. The contrast between the lighter metazona and the darker prozona is only rarely as marked as in the specimens from Indefatigable Island, from which they further differ uniformly in the possession of the bright quadrate patch on the upper portion of the lateral lobes on the prozona. The infumation of the humeral and axillary areas of the hind wings is almost confined to the apical half and is there on the whole not so deep as in the Indefatigable Island specimens, while the principal rays of the anal area are rarely conspicuous, and, apart from the veins, the apical half of the anal area is rarely, and then but very faintl}^, infumated. The Albemarle type may next be mentioned. The average specimens from that island are distinctly smaller than those already mentioned, though the largest are larger than the smallest (in each sex) on both Indefatigable and Charles Islands, and the smallest are among the smallest found anywhere. The maculation of the elytra is more subdued than in specimens from any of the islands excepting Charles, though this feature shows not a little varia- tion, and, while distinct enough in some, in others is very feeble indeed ; the general infuscation of the ground due to the obscurity of the veins is less in specimens from this island than in those of any other but Duncan Island, for the reticulation of the proximal half of the tegmina is almost entirely light colored ; occasional specimens however are almost as dark as the average from Indefatigable Island. In the bipartite coloring of the pronotum and in the quadrate patch, the specimens from this island agree wholly with those from Charles Island, varying to just about the same degree. As to the wings, any infumation which exists — and it is sometimes entirely absent from the veins — is altogether confined to tlie apical half of the humeral and axillary areas and to the extreme border of the upper half of the anal area, while the thick- ened costal margin is generally completely luteous, with but slight infuscation except at the tip; while in the forms from the previously considered islands it is generally infuscated throughout, sometimes to a considerable degree. Duncan Island, better than any of the other islands, possesses a type which might perhaps be regarded as a race, and since the specimen before mentioned as credited to Indefatigable Island agrees completely (with a single slight de- parture which will be noted) it is considered here. The most striking feature in the specimens is the decided and clearly delimited maculation of the teg- mina, — in reality only an exaggeration of that found in specimens from all the 14 BULLETIN OF THE islands, but here particularly conspicuous from its generally deeper color and sharper delimitation, and from the nearly complete absence ot any infuscation of the veins, so that the effect of the maculation is intensified by its contrast with the subhyaline, or, in the basal half of the tegmina, the pallid ground. There is little contrast between the ground color of the prozona and metazona, excepting that the lateral lobes of the prozona are generally infuscated, the dorsal area of both being nearly uniformly light colored flecked with fuscous ; in two females, however, especially in one of them, the flecking is so much grosser on the prozona as to approach closely to what prevails elsewhere. All have a distinct light colored maculation near the summit of the lateral lobes. The apical half of the humeral and axillary areas is very faintly infumated, the costal margin is luteous throughout, and the apical margin of the anal area not at all, or in the slightest degree, infumated ; it is here only that the speci- men purporting to come from Indefatigable Island differs, in that the apex of the wing is decidedly infumated, though not nearly sn densely as in the speci- mens from Indefatigable Island or some individuals from the otliers, as already noted; and it would indicate a range of variation in this point on Duncan Island far less than is found on some of the others. The antennae are luteous at base, becoming gradually infuscated apically. The conspicuous dark macu- lation of the otherwise light tegmina and the feeble infumation of the apex of the wings, with the nearly uniformly colored dorsum of the prothorax and the relatively small size, are the distinctive marks of Duncan Island forms. The other islands are poorly represented by specimens, and less can lie said about them confidently. From each of two of them we have three specimens, but only in one case, James Island, both sexes. Here we find an anomaly in the striking contrast in the size of the sexes, which a larger number of speci- mens would probably alter; the single male is far the smallest fnim any of the islands, while the females are of the average size. In general they agree best with the specimens from Indefatigable Island, — in the maculation and ground color of the tegmina, the infumation of the wings, the uniform lightness of the antennae, and in the coloration of the prothorax, except in the single point that the bright dash on the lateral lol)es is tolerably distinct in all, and in one very fairly marked. There is however a single female from Albemarle Island which is almost a duplicate of one of the females from James Island in every particular except the apical infuscation of the antennae in the former. The specimens from Barrington Island, females only, vary but little. In all, the maculation of the tegmina resembles that seen in Indefatigable Island specimens, and the ground color and neural infuscation is the same in one; but in the others the apical half is distinctly hyaline, and the infuscation of the veins sliglit. The wings remind us of the Duncan Island type ; tlieir apical infumation is very slight, and there is no distinction worth pointing out. The contrasted coloring of the prozona and metazona are here more marked than in any other specimens, and the liri.nlit spot of the lateral lobes is most distinct. The antennae are luteous only at the base, and almost immediately become black- MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 15 ish fuscous. On the whole, therefore, they approach most nearly the Duncan Island tj'pe. The single specimen from Jervis Island, a male, is almost an exact duplicate of some of the similarly sized males from Albemarle Island, with faintlj infumated wings. From this review, we may conclude that three or four distinct types are becoming gradually differentiated on the eight islands from which they are known. The Duncan Island type is the most clearly marked, and is ap- proached the most closely by the Barrington Island form. The latter shows, however, some closer points of resemblance to the Indefatigable Island type, with which the Chatham Island specimen agrees perfectly, and the James Island specimens nearly as well. The Albemarle Island type is another, with which the Jervis Island specimen agrees completely and the Charles Island form is not greatly removed from it. Without doubt, more satisfactory results could be reached from the study of specimens which were properly preserved. All the specimens seen were killed and long immersed in alcohol, changing the character of the coloring and mark- ings to an unequal and distracting degree ; and as the sole differences (besides mere size) which we have been able to trace among specimens from different islands are drawn from the coloring and markings, it is much to be hoped that collections will some day be made in large numbers from every island, and from different points on Albemarle Island, killed in the cyanide bottle and preserved without contact with alcohol. Meanwhile this may serve as a preliminary study. Mr. A. Agassiz states that this species is found only inland on the higher ground, while the next species is confined to the lower levels. Wolf made a similar observation. Schistocerca literosa. Plate II. Figs. 1, 3 Acridlum literosiim Walk., Cat. Derm. salt. Brit. Mus., IV. 620-621; V., Suppl.,G3; Riitl., Proc. Zoi)l. See. Lend., 1877, 88. Schistocerca sp. Brun. !, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII. 193. The male of this species was described by Walker from the Galapagos without mention of any island; but as the specimens described were col- lected by Darwin, and Butler includes some of Darwin's collection in his paper, Butler's specimens, two in number, which he credits to Charles Island are probably Walker's types. Bruner's specimens, 1 male, 3 females, are from Chatham Island. Tlie specimens reported on by Riley, 4 females, are also from Chatham Island. Besides this Baur brought home 4 males, 2 females, from Chatliam Island, G females from Hood Island, and 2 males from Tower Island. It has tlierefore now been obtained from four different islands, from 16 BULLETIN OF THE all of which excepting Charles Island I have examined specimens, though only females from Hood and males from Tower. The result of my examina- tion of these is to convince me that each of these three islands (from two of which, curiously enough, Hood and Tower, Schistocerca melanoccra has not been reported) supports a distinct race, which for convenience I have designated by a distinct name. For readier comparison, and to bring out the correspond- ences as well as distinctions, the characters are given in a tabular form. The race from Hood Island, S. I. 'punctata, is the largest of the three (length of tegmina 39.5-45.5, aver. 41.6 mm.), and that from Chatham Island, S. I. discoidalis, the smallest (length of tegmina, male 27-28.5, aver. 27.75 mm., female 36.5 mm.), S. I. hyalina from Tower Island being apparently intermediate (length of tegmina, male 31-31.5, aver. 31.25 mm.). The points of distinction between the several races are shown in the following taljle. 1. Space between eyes 2. Punctuation of fron- tal costa above ocellus 3. Metazona 4 Lateral lobes of pro- zona 5. Punctuation of meta- zoua G Po-sterior branch of Ui.«coidal vein of teg- mina 7. Fuscous spots of teg- mina 8. Anal area of wings 0. Apical fissure of last abdominal segment of male S. I. DISCOIDALIS, Chatham Island. Tery narrow, about two thirds as wide as narrow- est part of frontal costa. spar.^er than in the others. S. l Pl'NCTATA, Hood I.sland rather narrow, Fcarrely or not narrower than nar- rowest part of frontal costa. closer than in S. I. dis- coii/alh. f>. I. IIYAL1N.\, Tower I.sland. narrow, slightly narrow- er than tlic narrowest part of frontal co.-ta. as in .S'. I. pnnctafa. more nearly equal in ' relatively longer than in ' niidw.ay bi-twoen the length to the iirnzona the other races, being other races, being one than in the other races, one thinl to one quarter . quarter to one fifth being but one seventh to longer than the prozona. longer than the prozoua. one eighth longer in the 9 (d unknown) as in 9 of .S. /. discoi- lished blackish castaneous, the front of the lateral lobes and Ijoth front and posterior portions of the dorsum )nore or less fusco-luteous in longitudinal dashes. It is of a slightly larger size at what is apparently the same age. Subfamily MYRMECOPHILIN.E. Cycloptilum erraticum. Plate III. Figs. 6, 7. Head yellowish testaceo^us, the clypeus dotted with fuscous increasingly from base outward, tlie lower portion, with tlie labrum, completely infuscated; eyes subtriaifgular, bi'oadest abo^'e; maxillary palpi testaceous, the last joint much enlarged, oldic^uely truncate, and as long as the third; antennre much longer than the body (apparently twice as long but broken), the basal joint the 2-i BULLETIN OF THE color of the head, the remainder a little paler, excepting an occasional joint (at sub-regular intervals of about a dozen joints) which is narrowly ringed with fuscous; besides this all the joints are finely ringed with pallid at their base, and as finely twice or thrice ringed with light fuscous. Pronotuni large, long, a third longer than its greatest posterior breadth, broadly rounded behind, the lateral lobes forming posteriorly a faint rounded angulation with the plane dor- sum, light castaneous, the anterior third or more much mottled with flavous and having a faint median carina. Tegmina reddish testaceous, the membranous parts white, extending just as far back as the pronotum. Legs testaceous, the upper surface of the fore femora with a few ranged granulations. Abdomen brownish fuscous, becoming blackish fuscous on the sides, especially on the anterior parts of tlie segments. Supra-anal plate strongly transverse, hinder border very broadly and regularly convex, entire, its tip surpassed l)y a pair of minute, upcurved, cylindrical, bluntly terminated processes; subgenital plate subtriangular, rounded, convex, simple. Length of body 8.5 mm.; pronotum 4.25 mm.; hind femora 5 mm. Charles Island, G. Baur, 1 male. This species is much larger than any other of the genus, excepting C. hrasi- lianum Sauss., from which it differs in the longer terminal joint of the i)alpi, the shorter tegmina, and the relatively longer pronotum. Nevertheless this appeal's to be its nearest ally. MUSEUM OF COMrARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 25 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. (The drawings are by J. II. Emcrton.) PLATE I. Fig. 1. Anisolabis bormansi, female; dorsal view. f. " 2. Galapagia solitaria, female ; dor.sal view. |. " 3. Galapagia solitaria, male ; dorsal view. f-. The cross veins are not shown. " 4. Closteridea bauri, female ; lateral view, f . " 5. Closteridea bauri, female ; dorsal view, .f " 6. Ilalmenus robustus, female , head and thorax, dorsal view. ^. " 7. Ilalmenus robustus, female ; lateral view. \. " 8. Sphingonotus fusco-irroratus, female ; dorsal view. |. PLATE IL Fig. 1. Schistocerca literosft, female, from Chatham Island; dorsal view. \. " 2. Desmopieura concinna, male ; lateral view. f. " 3. Schistocerca literosa, female, from Chatham Island; lateral view. }. " 4. Desmopieura concinna, male; dorsal view. f. " -5. Schistocerca melanoccra, female, from Barrington Island ; dorsal view {. " 6. The same , lateral view. }. PLATE in. Fig. 1. Anaulacoraera darwinii, female ; lateral view, f . " 2. Conocephalus insulanus, female , lateral view. f. " 3. Conocephalus insulanus, male ; dorsal view of abdominal append xges. " 4. Anaulacomcra darwinii, male , dorsal view of abdominal appendages. " 5. Anaulacomera darwinii, male ; lateral view. {. " 6. Cycloptilutn erraticum, male , dorsal view. -|. " 7. Cycloptilum erraticum, male : lateral view, f . " 8. Gryllus galapageius, female ; dorsal view, with one of the tegmina re- moved. \ " 9. Nesoccia cooksoni, female ; lateral view. j. " 10. Nosuccia cooksoni, male ; dorsal view. \. i 4 "Albatross" Ex. 1891. ORTHOPTERA.. PLATE I. 'f!=C J.H.Emerton, from nature E Crisand.lith, New Haven, Ct "Albatross" Ex 1891 ORTHOPTERA. PLATE E. JH.Enierton, from nature. E Ci-isand, litti.,?^.".- H-'iv-T.-i.C't "Albatross" Ex. 1891. ORTHOPTERA PLATE Iff. J. H.Emertoji, fi-om nature. E Cris an cl, lith, , New Haven, C t. No, 2. — Re'ports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," during 1891, LiEUT. COMMANDER Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Com- mandincf. '©• [Published by Permission of Marshall McDonald, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] VIII. Compte-rendu sur les Patitopodes, recueillis pendant les Explorations de VAlbatross en 1891. Par. W. M, Schimkewitsch. Colossendeis bicincta, n. sp. Fig. 1, 3, 3 de la PI. I. Un specimen pas tout-a-fait mature d'une couleur jaune-pale; longueur lotale du corps 71 mm., la distance entre les bouts des appendices les plus longs (de la V paire) 440 mm. Station 3360 (No. du Catalogue 7367). Le 27 fevrier 1891. Lat. N. 6° 17', Lon. 0. 82° .5', a la profondeurde 1672 brasses; tempera- ture a la surface 83°, au fond 36.4° F. Le corps, 21 mm. long, assez large, robuste ; les segments sont sondes entre eux ; sur la surface dorsale on aper9oit deux sillons transA'ersaux assez pro- fonds ; le premier se trouve en arriere des appendices de la II et III paire, c'est a dire dans le segment oculifere, et le second en arriere des appendices de la IV paire (Fig. 2, PI. I). La surface du corps est completement privee de polls, mais est couverte, ainsi que les extremites, de petits tubercules, qu'on apergoit facilement au moyen de la loupe. Les excroissances laterales separees du corps par une suture nettement mar- quee, assez courtes (3 mm.) ; les excroissances pour I'appendice IV, dirigees en haut et en avant, forment une courbure ; les excroissances pour I'appendice V, a peine recourbees en avant et dirigees horizontalement. Les excroissances pour I'appendice VI dirigees transversalement et horizontalement; lea excrois- sances pour I'appendice VII dirigees en arriere et legerement vers le bas. Toutes ces excroissances sont elargies vers le bout, privees de polls, et separees par des intervalles assez larges. VOL. XXV. — NO 2. 28 BULLETIN OF THE La trom'pe, 45 mni. longue, c'est a dire plus ile deux fois plus longue ([ue le corps ; son tiers basal cylindrique et assez etroit (3.5 mm. large) ; le tiers du milieu gonfle et elargi (6 mm. large) ; le tiers terminal legerement retreci au commencement (4.5 mm. large), faiblement elargi vers le bant (5 mm. large), et recourbe legerement en bas. La surface de la tronipe est tout-a-fait glabre. L'orifice buccal, d'une forme triangulaire, presente dans cbacun de ses angles une echancrurc arrondie. Le segment ocuUfcre, 6 mm. long, est separe du reste du corps par une faible suture semi-lunaire. Vu de la surface dorsale ce segment est divise en deux parties par le sillun transversal assez profond ; la partie anterieure de ce seg- ment, 5.5 mm. large et 2 mm. long, a la forme d'un large anneau, et porte les excroissances laterales pour I'appendice III ; la partie posterieure, 3.5 mm large et 4 mm. long, a une forme presque cylindrique et porte un tubercule oculifere, place immediatement en arricre du sillon ( Fig. 2, PI. I). Le tubercule oculifere, en forme d'une elevation transversale, porte de petits yeux, assez eloignes entre eux et faiblement colore?. L'abdomen assez court (6 mm. long), rentle vers le bout. Les apjKndices de la II paire plus courts ([ue le corps cntier (61 mm. long) ; le sixieme article se trouve au niveau du bout de la trompe ; les deux premiers articles sont trcs courts, d'une forme presque annulaire ; le troisieme article est le iilus long de tons (19.5 mm. long), cylindricjue. La longueur du ([uatrieme article est egale a celle du premier et du second prises ensemble ; il est failjle- ment elargi vers le bout. Le cinquicme est plus court que le troisieme (17.5 mm. long), cylindriiiue. Le .sixieme est court (3 nun. long) ; le septicme est un pen plus long que le sixieme; le buitieme, neuvicme et dixiemc, courts et diminuent de longueur vers le bout de I'appendice; le buitieme est plus court que le sixieme. Toute la surface de I'appendice porte de tres petits poils tres disperses. Les ap2-iendices de la III paire (Fig. 1, PI. I) en les mesurant avec les der- niers articles recourbes en spirale, out 80 mm. delong, c'est a dire considerable- ment plus longs que le corps entier. Ses excroissances laterales sont implantees immediatement en arricre et vers I'interieur des bases de la II paire. Les premier, second et troisieme articles sont courts, renfles, et mesurent touts en- semble 7 mm. ; le quatrieme article est long, un pen renfle vers le bout (27 mm. long), le cinquieme court, pas beaucoup pliis long que les premier, second et troisieme pris ensemble (9 mm. long), recourbe dans sa partie basale ; le sixi- eme est le plus long de touts, cylindri([ue (32 mm. long) ; du septicme au dixieme ils forment une spirale et sont courts ; le crocbet e.st petit. Le sixieme article porte des poils ; les epines des quatre derniers articles sont disposees en douze series et ont la forme d'une lancette allongee, pointue, tres finement den- telee sur les bords (Fig. 3, PI. I). Les appendices de la IV a la VII jtaire sont troi.-^ fois plus longs riue le corits entier. Le plus long d'entre eux est le V (215 nun. long); le IV est le plus court et le VII est plus long (pic le VI. Le premier article est un pen ]>Ius MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 29 long que I'excroissance laterale (4.5 mm.) ; les second et troisieme sont presque de meme longueur que le premier ; lequatrieme est le plus long de touts (6(1 mm.) ; le cinquieme est un pen plus court que le quatrieme (64 mm.) ; le sixiume est plus court que le cinquieme (55 mm.) ; le septieme est plus de deux Ibis plus long que le premier (7 mm.) ; le huitiume est plus court que le septieme (6 mm.) La surface des appendices est couverte de petits polls disperses ; mais sur les arti- cles sixiemo, septieme, et huitieme, ils sont plus epais. Lc crochet,2 mm. long, c'est a dire est egal a la troisieme partie de la longueur du huitieme article ; droit, rentle dans la partie basale, et allonge dans sa partie terminale. Colossendeis gigas Hoek. C. ci'igai- Hoek. Rep. on the Pycnogonida, dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, pp. 61- ' ' 6i, PI. XIII. Fig. 1, 2 ; PI. X. Fig. 1-5. C. colossea, Wilson. Kep. on the Results of Dredging, under the Supervision of A. Agassiz, etc. Bull, of the Mas. Comp. Zoul., Vol. VIII. 1880-81, pp. 244- 246, PI. I. and III. Un specimen male adulte, et I'autre non-mature. Spf^cimen Specimen adulte. non-matur6. Longueur totale du corps 55 mm. 44 mm. Distance entre les bouts des appendices de la VI paire 440 " 342 " Longueur du corps propi'ement dit 19 " 14 " " de la trompe 35 " 25 " " de I'abdomen 4 " 4.5 " " de la II paire d'appendices 55 " 43 " " de la III jiaire " (avec les derniers articles recourbes) 89 " 6.5 " " de la VI paire 215 " 166 " Le specimen adulte fut trouve le 6 mars 1891, Lat. N. 4° 56', Lon. O. 80° 52' 30", a la profondeur de 1772 brasses (vers Pest de I'ile Malpelo) ; tempera- ture a la surface 77°, au fond 35.8°. Station 3381 (No. du Catalogue 7868). Le specimen non-mature fut trouve le 10 mars 1891, Lat. N. 7° 5' 30", Lon. O. 79° 40', a la profondeur de 1270 brasses ; temperature a la surface 73°, au fond 36.4° (dans le Golfe de Panama. Station 3392. No. du Catalogue 7866). Ces specimens se distinguent de ceux decrits par Hoek par les particularites suivantes : 1°. La trompe est un pen plus longue. 2°. Les yeux sont moins colores. 3°. Les epines des appendices de la III paire sont disposes chez le specimen adulte en onze series, cliez le specimen nrni-niature (;n cinij series. La forme de ces epines correspond a celle dessinee par Hoek sur sa Planche X, Fig. 3. Ces deux specimens sont de couleur jaune-vif. Malgre quclques difiercnccs 30 BULLETIN OF THE qu'on observe entie le C. gigas Hoek et C. colossea Wilson, je considere ces deux especes comme identiques. Colossendeis leptorhynchus Hoek. C. leplcrhjjnchus Hoek. Rep. on the Pycnogonida dredged by H. M. S. Chal- lenger, pp. 64-65, PI. VIIL Fig. 3-7. 3 speciiiien.s d'age divers. Le corps et les parties basales des appendices jaunes, les appendices memes jaiines-pales. Longueur totalc du corps 30.5, 42 et 64 mm. Distance entre les bouts des appendices les plus longs (de la IV paire) 160, 220 et 327 " Longueur de la tronipe du plus grand specimen 44 " " du corps proprement dit 16 " " de Tabdonien . 4 " " de la II paire d'appendices 49 " " de la III paire (avec les derniers articles recourbcs) . 60 " de la IV paire 159 u Station 3392 (No. du Catalogue 7866) ; le 10 mars 1891 ; Lat, N. 7° 5' 30", Lon. 0. 79° 40', a la prol'ondeur de 1270 brasses (Golfe de Panama) ; tempera- ture a la surface 73°, au fond 36.4° lO Colossendeis macerrima minor, n. sp. Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10 de la PI. I, et Fig. 14, 15 de la PI. II. 10 specimens d'age divers d'une couleur jaune-vif. Longueur totale du corps du plus grand specimen, 34 mm. ; celle du speci- men d'une grandeur moyenne, 31 mm. ; distance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appendices cbez le dernier specimen, 190 nnn. (Les appendices du premier specimen sont endomniages.) Station 3392 (No. du Catalogue 7866) ; le 10 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 7° 5' 30", Lon. 0. 79° 90', a la profondeur de 1270 brasses (Golfe de Panama) ; temperature a la surface 73°, au fond 36.4°. Un specimen d'une couleur jaune-pale ; longueur totale du corps 31 mm. ; distance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appendices, 197 mm. ; station 3375 (No. du Catalogue 7870) ; le 4 mars 1891; Lat. N. 2° 34', Lon. 0. 82° 29' ; a la profondeur de 1201 brasses (vers I'ouest de Pile Malpelo) ; temj)erature a la surface 77°, au fond 36.6°. Un specimen non-mature d'une couleur jaune-pale ; longueur totale du corps 21 mm. ; distance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appendices 125 mm. ; station 3398 (No. du Catalogue 7873) ; le 23 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 1° 7', Lon. 0. 80° 21' ; a la profondeur de 1573 brasses (pres de San Francisco); temperature a la sur- face 84°, au fond 36°. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 31 Deux specimens d'une couleur jaune ; longueur totale du corps 29 mm. ; dis- tance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appendices 180 mm. ; station 3374 (No. du Catalogue 7874) ; le 3 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 2° 35', Lon. O. 83° 53', a la pro- fondeur de 1823 brasses (vers I'ouest de Tile Malpelo) ; temperature a la surface 80°, au fond 36.4°. Deux specimens: I'un d'une couleur jaune-pale, est non-mature, d'une longueur totale de 21 mm. ; la distance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appen- dices 128 mm. L'autre d'une couleur jane-vif, 32 mm. long ; la distance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appendices 195 mm. Station 3381 (No. du Catalogue 7868); le 6 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 4° 56', Lon. 0. 80° 52', a la profondeur de 1772 brasses (vers Test de File Malpelo); temperature a la surface 77°, au fond 35.8°. . Cette espece sfe distingue du C. macerrima, Wilson, par les particular] tes suivantes, peu nombreuses mais constantes : 1°. Notre espece est d'une grandeur plus considerable, et les plus grands specimens atteignent une longueur de 34 mm. 2°. La trompe une fois et demie plus longue que le corps et I'abdomen pris ensemble 20 mm. de long, et sa forme rappelle une bouteille allongee. Sa moitie basale est cylindrique et faiblement renflee vers son bout distal, c'est a, dire au milieu de la trompe. Sa moitie terniinale se retrecit petit a petit vers le bout, et le sommet de la trompe est de beaucoup plus etroit que sa base. La moitie terminale est recourbee vers le dos. (Fig. 7 et 10, I'l. I.) 3°. Les appendices de la II paire un peu plus longs que la trompe (25 mm.); leur cinquieme article est plus de deux fois plus long que le troisieme ; le troi- sieme a 5.5 mm. et le cinquieme 12 mm. ; le septieme article est un peu plus court que le sixieme; les trois derniers articles sont de longueur presque egale, quoique le dixieme soit un peu plus long (Fig. 14, PI. II). Tons les articles de ces appendices portent des polls tres courts et disperses ; mais ces polls sont plus epais sur les articles 5°, 7', 8", 9°, et 10% et sont disposes sur les bouts dis- tals de quatre derniers articles en forme de couronne. 4°. Les appendices de la III paire, tnesures etendus, out 41 mm! de long, c'est a dire une fois et un quart plus longs que le corps entier, et sont reconverts de poils tres petits et disperses. Les epines des derniers articles sont disposees en cinq series, et ont la forme de lancette ; elles sont de chaque cote faiblement dentelees, et ces dents sont irr^gulieres, peu nombreuses, et leur nombre de I'un des c6tes ne correspond pas k celui de l'autre. 5°. Outre les appendices de la IV-VII paire (Fig. 15, PI. II; Fig. 9, PI. I), qui sont trois fois aussi longs que le corps entier, la V paire est la plus longue (94 mm.) ; la VII est la plus courte et la VI est plus longue que la IV. Le septieme article a 17 mm. et le huitieme 7 mm., c'est a dire deux fois et demie plus court. Les articles 5°, 6", 7° et 8" portent des poils courts et disperses. 6°. Le crochet est egal a un tiers de Particle precedent. Pour le reste cette espece ressemble au C. macerrima Wilson.^ Cette ressem- 1 Wilson. Beports on the .Results, etc. Bull, of the Mus. Comp. ZocJl., Vol. VIII., 1890-91, pp 246, 247, Plates I., IV., and V. 32 BULLETIN OF THE blance s'observe surtout clans la configuration du segment oculitLire (Fig. 8. PL I). Dans I'une et I'autre espece ce segment est allonge et renfle au milieu; son bord anterieur est tres faiblement concave, ses angles antero-lateraux foi- nient deux saillies, qui probablement representent les appendices rudimentaires de la I paire (comp. Fig. 6, PI. X de Hoek/ sur laquelle les appendices de la I paire chez le G. gracilis occupent la meme position). Ses yeux sont tres nets, dans quelques specimens lis sont prives de pigment, dans d'autres faible- ment pigmentes. La couleur varie du jaune-pale au jauue-vif. Colossendeis gracilis Hoek. C. gracilis Hoek. Rep. on the Pycnogonida, dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, pp. G'J-70; ri. IX. Fig. G-8; PI. X. Fig. 6, 7. Sept specimens ; longueur totale du corps 14-1 9 mm. ; distance entre les bouts des appendices les plus longs (V) 105-14.5 mm. ; station 3393 (No. du Catalogue 7872); le 10 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 7° 15', Lon. O. 79° 36' (Golfe de Panama), a la protbndeur de 1020 brasses ; temperature a la surface 74°, au fond 36.8°. Un specimen, longueur totale 19 mm. ; distance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appendices 145 mm. ; station 3400 (No. du Catalogue 7875) ; le 27 mars 1891, Lat. S. 0° 36', Lon. O. 86° 46', a la profondeur de 1 322 brasses (vers le S. E. des lies Galapagos) ; temperature a la surface 81°, au fond 36°. Un specimen non-mature ; longueur totale du corps 8 mm.; distance entre les bouts de la V paire 99 mm.; station 3374 (No. du Catalogue 7874); le 3 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 2° 35', Lon. 0. 83° 53' (entre I'ile Cocos et San Fran- cisco), a la profondeur de 1823 brasses; temperature a la surface 80°, au fond 36.4°. Un specimen, qui se distingue par les appendices IV-VII comparativement plus longs ; longueur totale du corps 19 mm. ; distance entre les bouts de la V paire d'appendices IGO mm.; station 3382 (No. du Catalogue 7876); le 7 mars 1891; Lat. N. 6° 21', Lon. 0. 80° 41', a la profondeur de 1793 brasses (Golfe de Panama); temperature a la surface 75°, au fond 35.8°. Trois specimens non-matures et endommagcs ; longueur total du corps 18 mm.; station 3381 (No. du Catalogue 7862) ; le 6 mars 1891; Lat. N. 4° 56', Lon. O. 80° 52' .30", a la profondeur de 1772 brasses (vers Test de I'ile Malpelo) ; temperature a la surface 77°, au fond, 35.8°. Deux specimens : longueur totale du corps 17 et 20 mm. ; distance entre les bouts des appendices de la V paires, 139 et 148 mm. ; station 3392 (No. du Catalogue 7866) ; le 10 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 7° 5' 30", Lon. 0. 79° 40', a la profondeur de 1270 brasses (Golfe de Panama) ; temperature ;\ la surface 73°, au fond 36.4°. Deux specimens : longueur totale du corps 12 mm. ; distance entre les bouts ^ Hoek. Rep. on tlie Pycnogonida, dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, etc. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. So (les appendices de la V paire 124 mm.; station 3431 (No. du Catalogue 7871); le 20 avri] 1891 ; Lat. N. 23° 59', Lon. 0. 108° 40', a la profondeur de 995 brasses (Golfe de Californie) ; temperature a la surface 70°, an fond 37°. L'un des caracteres de cette espcce est que Particle 9" de I'appendice II est implante non au milieu, mais au cute de la surface distale de I'article 8". Cette particularite chez touts les specimens mentionnes n'est pas si nette c[u'on pour- rait le supposer d'aprcs la Fig. 7 de la Planche IX. de Hoek. Les proportions de ces derniers articles sont les memes que celles des specimens de Hoek. Les epines des appendices de la III paire sont un peu plus longues et plus pointues dans nos specimens, et sont disposees non en quatre, niais en cinq rangs. Cependant ces series conservent leur disposition characteristique ; deux series des epines les plus grandes sont tres regulieres, les autres sont irregu- lieres. La trompe est legerement retrecie dans sa partie basale, renflee au milieu et vers le bout distal. Sa moitie distale est faiblement recourbee en bas. Collossendeis gracilis Hoek, var. pallida, no v. var. Fiji. 25 de la PI. II. Cinq specimens : longueur totale du corps 18.5 mm.; distance entre les bouts des appendices de la V paire 124 ; station 3418 (No. du Catalogue 7869) ; le 11 avril 1891 ; Lat. N. 16° 33', Lon. 0. 99° 52' 30", a la profondeur de 660 brasses (pres d'Acapulco) ; temperature a la surface 82°, au fond 39°. Un specimen : longueur totale du corps 17 mm. ; distance entre les bouts des appendices de la V paire 123 mm.; station 3425 (No. du Catalogue 7877); le 18 avril 1891 ; Lat. N. 21° 19', Lon. 0. 106° 24', a la profondeur de 680 bras.ses (pres des iles Las Tres Marias) ; temperature a la surface 76°, au fond 33°. Cette variete pent etre cLaracterisee par les particularites suivantes : 1°. Tons les specimens sont d'une couleur, jaune pale grisatre. 2°. Le tubercule oculifere est beaucoup plus haut et porte une epine conique. Les yeux sont prives de pigment. 3°. La trompe est un peu plus longue et sa coiirbure est plus prononcee. 4°. Les polls sur les articles b'-lO^ des appendices de la II paire sont plus cpais et plus developpes (Fig. 25, PL III). 5°. Les appendices de la III paire sont plus courts (21 mm.). Les epines des derniers articles sont disposees en trois series, dont I'une est irrcguliere. Colossendeis subminuta, n. sp. Fig. 26, 27 de la PI. II. Un specimen endommage d'une couleur pale. 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X a i g .a .2 ^ j:^ 3 ^ *j to oj a , CO 3^—3 aii ~~ 0) l^ X a; a ^ 3 ir .Soo as -r a^ X — •• O) (O 0; CO a c o 3 3 M CO -^ ■ 23ga; S 3 a; -3 X X ■« o a .2 ce §a-2 (- .2 fc- rt «-2 5.-2 a a) V a 3 3 §) 3 ■" «,• &;2 £°° -.t; *^ 3 o i -3 2 ° ja ae X =e2.2 3.2 -a. o S a. .-.<< - 3 .,• - n « 5b ■S.a ~ „ O ■*^ aj X » 22 o -^ 3 a>oo £ =« a"^ 3 .2 o) ■£ -g X o a> 3 o t- £ 3 „ o S .2 s a- I" cc^-i Six 36 BULLETIN OF THE Station 3362 (No. du Catalogue 7878); le 26 fc'viier 1891; Lat. N. 5° 56', Lon. 0. 85° 10' 30", a la proiondeur de 1175 brasses^ (vers le sud-est de Pile Cocos) ; temperature a la surface 84°, au fond 36.8°. Cette espece se distingue de la C. minuta Hoek i par les particularitcs sui- vantes : 1°. Les excroissances laterales sont sepavees du corps par une faible suture. 2°. La trompe est de la niCnie longueur i[ue le corps, proprement cylindrique, faiblenient recourl)ee en bas. 3^. Le segment oculifere, separe du thorax, mais sans suture marquee, rap- pelle celui de la C. macerrima minor. Son bord anterieur est faiblement con- cave et les angles latcraux forment deux saillies, qui probablement representent les appendices rudimentaires de la I paire. 4°. Le tubercule oculifere arrondi est place dans la partie anterieure du seg- ment, et porte une petite epine a peine visible ; les yeux sont rudimentaires et prives de pigment. 5°. L'abdomen est petit, cimiquc, dirige en liaut. G°. Les appendices de la II paire (Fig 26, 27, PL II) out le troisieme arti- cle deux lois plus long que le cinquieme, et le sixieme uii pen plus long que le septieme. Ues trois derniers articles le ])]us long est le dixieme et le plus court le neuvieme. Tout I'appendice est une fois et demie plus long que la trompe. Les petits poils qui couvrent ces appendices sont un pen plus developpes que chez la C. minuta. 7°. Les appendices de la III paire sont plus courts que le corps entier. Les cpines des derniers articles sont disposees en deux series irregulieres, et ont la forme d'une pelle courte et arrondie. Cependant, comme ce specimen est non- mature, on ne doit pas faire attention a ces particularitcs. 8°. Les appendices de la IV-VII paire sont deux Ibis et demie jdus longs que le corps entier, c'est a dire deux fois plus courts que chez la G. mimita. 9°. L'aiticle dorsal est plus long que Particle precedent, et le crochet est tres petit et legerement courbe vers le bout, et mesure un tiers de la longueur de Particle dorsal. Ascorhynchus agassizii, n sp. Fig. 4, 5. 6 de la PI. I, et Fis. 12, 13, IG, 17 de la PI. II. Trois specimens mfdes, d'une couleur jaune-vif ; longueur totale du corps 37- 38 mm. ; distance entre les bouts des appendices les plus longs (de la VI paire) 150-160 mm. Station 3392 (No. du Catalogue 7866); le 10 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 7° 5' 30", Lon. 0. 79° 40', a la profondeur de 1270 brasses (Golfe de Panama) ; tempera- ture a la surface 73°, au fond 36.4°. Un specimen femelle, d'une couleur jaune-lirun ; longueur totale 42.5 mm.; 1 Loc. rit.. pp. 73, 74, PI. X. Fig. 12-14. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 37 distance entre les bouts de la VI paire d'appendices, 169 mm. ; station 3398 (No. du Catalogue 7873); le 23 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 1° 7', Lon. 0. 80° 21', a la profondeur de 1573 brasses (pies de San Francisco) ; temperature a la surface 84°, au fond 36°. Le corps 21.24 mm. long, allonge, cylindrique, divisc en quatre segments retrecis au milieu et elargis sur les bouts. Les trois segments anterieurs, sur la surface dorsale de leur partie posterieure, portent chacun une protuberance conique mediane, munie d'une epine au sommet. Le segment posterieur est prive de I'elargissement posterieur et de la protuberance conique (Fig. 4, PI. I). La surface du corps est couverte de petits poils, visibles seulement au microscope. Les excroissances laterales sont separees par de larges intervalles, et renflees vers leurs bouts distals ; elles portent chacune sur la face dorsale de leurs bouts une protuberance conique pointue. Cette protuberance est plus petite et presque obtuse cbez la femelle. Les deux paires anterieures des excroissances laterales sont inclinees un pen en avant, et les deux paires posterieures en ar- riere. Les trois paires anterieures ont leurs bouts distals un peu souleves vers le dos. La trompe un peu moins longae que le tiers du corps entier (13-14 mm.), piriforme, formee de trois parties divisces par deux sillons annulaires. Les i)ar- ties anterieure et posterieure sont plus courtes (pie la partie mediane tres gonflee, et la partie basale est d'une couleur moins foncee. La tronq^e coupee transversalement a une forme triangulaire, et est munie sur chaque cote du tri- angle d'un sillon longitudinal. La trompe est dirigee vers le bas, et sa partie posterieure est fortement recourbee a sa base. L'orifice buccal est large, trian- gulaire et entoure de trois levres plates et arrondies sur leur bord anterieur ; ces levres correspondent aux angles du triangle (Fig. 5, PI. I). Le segment ocnlifire est a peu pres aussi long que les autres segments pris en- semble. Sa partie anterieure est elargie et porte une eminence dorsale arrondie. La premiere paire d'appendices est privee des excroissances laterales correspon- dantes ; le bord anterieur du segment ne presente entre les bases des appen- dices de la T paire ni echancrure, ni saillie. Les excroissances laterales de I'appendice II sont dirigees en bas et en avant. La partie posterieure du seg- ment est egalement elargie, et porte le tubercule oculifere et les excroissances pour I'appendice III dirigees transversalement et en bas. Le tubercule ocnlifire place au niveau des excroissances de I'appendice III est tres developpe, plus haut que les protuberances coniques des autres seg- ments. II est cylindrique et se termine par un sommet conique pointu. Les yeux sont rudimentaires et jn-ives de pigment. L'abdomen de 5-6 mm. long, mince, renfle vers le Ijout, recourbe vers le dos, et dirige en bas. Les appendices de la I paire (Fig. 6, PI. I) sont assez eloignes I'un de I'autre, triarticulaires. Les deux premiers articles sont cylindriques, et le premier un peu plus long que le second ; le troisieme est deux fois plus court que le second, irregulierement cylindrique ; ses angles anterieurs sont proeminents, et son bord anterieur est concave ; sur la face exterieure de cet article se trouve un 38 BULLETIN OF THE appendice arrondi et mobile, muni de muscles et place dans un enfoncement aiix parois minces. Tous les articles portent des poils, surtout sur leurs bouts distals. Les ap-pendices de la II pair e (Fig. 12, PL II) presqu' aussi longs que le corps projirement dit (22 mm.) minces et recourbes en S. Les deux premiers articles sont tres courts, le troisieme est le plus long de touts ; le quatrienie une Ibis et demie plus long que le premier et second pris ensemble ; le cinquieme eSt long, mais plus court que le troisieme ; le sixieme est aussi long que le premier et le second pris ensemble et recourbe ; le septieme est jtresque d'egale longueur que le quatrieme ; le huitieme est plus long que le quatrieme, mais plus court que le cinquieme ; le neuvieme est plus court que le huitieme et le dixicme plus court ([ue le neuvieme. Si nous disposons les articles d'apres leur grandeur, nous aurons la serie suivante : 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 7, 4, 6, 1, 2. Les 3", 4» et 5° articles portent des poils rares et pas grands, qui deviennent plus epais et plus grands dans la moitie distale du cinquieme article. Les 6", 7°, 8°, 9° et 10° articles portent sur leur surface inferieure des poils tres epais et assez longs, et sur leur surface superieure des poils plus courts et disperses. Les appendices de la III paire (Fig. 13, PL II) sont une fois et demie plus longs que le corps proprement dit. Ses derniers articles sont recourbes en spirale ; les trois premiers sont courts; le quatrieme est le plus long de touts, le cinquieme est plus court que lui ; le sixieme est fortement renfle vers le bout distal et plus court que le cinquieme. Les articles 7-10 vont en dimi- nuant graduellement vers le bout. Le crochet est fortement recourbe. Si on dispose les articles d'apres leur longxteur, on obtiendra la serie suivante : 4, 5, 6, 7, 2, 8, 9, 10, 3, 1. Les articles proximaux portent des poils courts mais assez epais. Le sixieme article est muni sur le bout anterieur d'une touffe de poils aussi longs que Particle suivant. Les epines des derniers articles sont dis- poses en quatre rangs ; elles sont longues, pointues, et portent sur les bords des dents larges et recourl)ees vers le sommet de I'epine. Les appendices de la IV-VII paire sont a-peu-pres deux fois aussi longs que le corps entier, et converts de petits poils (73-76 mm.). Le plus long est le VI, et le IV est le plus court, une fois et demie plus court que le VI ; le V est plus court que le VII. Chez un specimen male du cote gauche I'appendice le plus long est le V, et du cote droit le VI. Les articles premier et troisi- eme sont courts, le second est deux fois plus long que le premier, et porte sur la surface dorsale du bout distal un petit tubercule a peine visible; le quatrieme est une fois et demie plus long que le second ; le cinquieme un peu plus court que le quatrieme ; le sixieme est un peu plus court que le second ; les septieme et huitieme un peu plus longs que le premier. Si on dispose les articles d'apres leur longueur, on obtiendra la serie suivante: 4, 5, 3, 6, 2, 7, 8, 1. Le bord superieur du bout distal de Particle septieme forme une proeminence conique (Fig. 16, PL II) ; Particle tarsal est pre.sque droit, et cet article de I'appendice VII sur son bout distal est muni en bas d'une petite excroissance digitiforme (Fig. 16, PL II). Le crochet est presque droit, court, et celui de l'a]ipendice IV a des dimensions MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 39 un peu plus petites que les crochets cles autres. Sur I'un des cotes du crochet on aper^oit une serie de petites series, disposees en demi-cercle et presentant probablement un organe des sens. Lea orifices genitaux chez hi femelle se trouvent pres du bout distal de I'article second des appendices IV-VII, et sont places plus pres du bord anterieur que posterieur de Particle, et chez les males ces orifices sont places au milieu du bord distal du second article, et se trouvent sur les appendices VI et VII. Cette espece se rapproche beaucoup du A. (Scceorhynchus) armatus Wil- son,! niais se distingue de ce dernier par la forme de la trompe, par I'absence des pinces sur I'appendice I chez les males, et par d'autres particularites secondaires. Cette espece presente aussi quelque resserablance avecV A.,glabroides Ort- mann,2 surtout par la forme de la trompe ; mais se distingue de cette derniere espece par la position du tubercule oculifere, par la forme de I'appendice I, par les proportions des articles des appendices IV-VII et par ses dimensions. Pallenopsis californica, n. sp. Fig. 11 de la PI. I, et Fig. 18, 19, 30, 21, 22, 33 de la PI. II. Deux specimens males, dont I'un est tout-a-fait endommage. Longueur totale du corps 16 mm.; distance entre les bouts de la VII paire d'appendices 190 mm.; station 3431 (No. du Catalogue 7871) ; le 20 avril 1891; Lat. N. 23° 59', Lon. 0. 108° 40', a la profondeur de 995 brasses (Golfe de Cali- fornie) ; temperature a la surface 70°, au fond 37°. Un specimen male, longueur totale du corps 20 mm. ; distance entre les bouts de la VII paire d'appendices 182 mm.; station 3392 (No. du Catalogue 7866); le 10 mars 1891 ; Lat. N. 7° 5' 30", Lon. O. 79° 40', a la profondeur de 1270 brasses (Golfe de Panama) ; temperature a la surface 73°, au fond 36.4°. Le corps, 10 mm. long, est allonge, divise en segments, convert de tres petits tubercules, et prive de polls (Fig. 11, PI. I). Les excroissances laterales sont separees par des intervalles assez larges, renflees dans leur partie distale, et portent des polls sur leur bord distal. La trompe pres de 6 ou 7 mm. long (mesuree de la surface ventrale), cylin- drique, faiblement renflee au milieu, est munie de polls tres petits et disperses. EUe est implantee sur la surface inferieure du segment oculifere. L'orifice buccal est triangulaire. Le segment oculifere d'une forme ovalaire ; sa largeur ne depasse pas celle des autres segments. Sur sa face inferieure il porte les excroissances laterales 1 Loc. cit., pp. 248-2.50, PI. II. and V. 2 Ortmcmn, Bericht iiber die von Herrn Dr. DiJderlein in Japan gesammelten Pycnogoniden, s. 160-161. Taf. XXIV., Fig. 3a-3/. Zool. Jahrb. Abth. f. Syste- matik, Vtes Heft, 1891. 40 BULLETIN OF THE de I'appeiidice III et deux tubercules arrondis qui representent les rudimeuts des ap23endices II. Le tubercule oculifire est place plus pros du bord auterieur du segment oculi- fcre; d'uue hauteur mediocre, arrondi; les yeux anterieurs sont tres developpes, pigmentes et separcs entre eux; les yeux posterieurs presentent la forme de tres petites taches faiblement colorees. L'ahdomen, 5-5.5 mm. long, c'est a dire un peu plus court que la tronipe, est renfle dans sa partie posterieure et muni de petits polls rares. L'intestin forme deux elargissements terminaux (Fig. 21, PI. II). Les appendices de la I paire (Fig. 20, PI. II) triarticulaires, et munis de pinces; le bout auterieur du second article depasse le sommet de la trompe. Le premier article est plus long et plus etroit que le second, et elargi vers le bout distal. Le second article est cylindrique ; le troisicme est a peu prcs egal en longeur a la moitie du second et dirige en bas et vers I'interieur. Les pinces sont deux fois plus longues que le troisicme article; leur branche mobile est un peu plus longue que I'autre et le sommet de cette branche est recourbe. Touts ces trois articles portent des poils plus cpais aux bouts distals. Les ex- croissances intestinales se terminent par un renflement au bout du second article. Les appendices de la III piaire (Fig. 23, PI. II), dcsarticulaires ; le pre- mier article est court et large ; le second est long, elargi et recourbe vers le bout distal ; le troisicme est un peu plus long tjue le premier; le quatrieme est un peu plus long que le second; le cin(|uicme est le plus long de touts; le sixieine est un peu plus long que le troisicme et recourbe ; les septicme et hui- tieme sont presciue de la meme longueur que le sixieme, le huitieme est re- courbe ; les neuvicme et dixieme egalent presque en longueur le premier. Les ir, 2* et 3° articles portent de petits poils disperses. Les poils du 4' article sont plus epais, mais sont aussi courts ; les 5", 6', 7° et S" articles out des poils assez longs sur leur surface superieure et sur leurs bouts distals, et leur surface inferieure est privee de poils ; les articles 9° et 10^ sont munis de poils epais et longs, mais la surface superieure du dernier est privee de poils. Les appendices de la IV-VII paire (Fig. 11, PI. I) sont tres longs, 92 mm. L'appendice VII est le plus long, le IV le plus court ; le VI est plus court que le V. Le premier article est court, le second deux fois plus long que le troisicme, qui lui-meme est un peu plus long que le premier. Le cj^uatrieme est tres long, le cinquicme plu.s court que lui, le sixieme le plus long de touts. Touts ces articles portent des poils disposes en series sur les surfaces superi- eure et inferieure, anterieure et posterieure de l'appendice, et en forme de couronne sur les bouts distals de ces articles. Les polls des 5° et 6" articles sont plus longs que ceux des articles precedents ; le septieme article est tres court et porte des poils nombreux et longs sur toute sa surface ; Tun des poils de la suiface inferieure est le plus long. L\irtiiie tarsal (Fig. 18, PI. II), presque droit porte sur ses surfaces dor- .sale et latcrales tie petits poils disposes en scries, et sur sa surface inferieure MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 41 deux epines basilaires dont la proximale est plus grande, et jusqu' k treize epines secondaires, alternant avec d'autres, encore plus petites qu'elles. Chez les specimens non-inatures les epines secondaires sont moins noiubreuses (Fig. 19, PI. II). Le crochet principal est uu pen plus court que I'article tarsal, pas tres re- courbe. Les crochets secondaires sont tres petits, presque rudinientaires. Le conduit excreteur des " Hauldriisen " (Fig. 22, PI. II), en forme d'un tube long, cylindriqae ; recourbe a sa base en dehors, est place au milieu du bord inferieur du quatrieme article sur une faible elevation. Cette espece est la plus rapprochee de la Pallenopsis longirostris, Wilson.^ Pallenopsis moUissima (Hoek). Fig. 24. PL II. Phoxichilidium moUissimum Hoek. Rep. on the Pj'cnogonida, dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, pp. 87, 88, PI. XIII. Figs. 6-9. Un specimen male d'une couleur gris-pale. Longueur totale du corps 28 mm. Distance entre les bouts de la VI paire d'appendices .... 233 " Longueur du corps proprement dit 14 " " de la trompe (prise du cote ventrale) 9 " " de I'abdomen 8 " " de la I paire 11 " " de la III paire 30 " " de la VI paire 110 " " du 4° article de la VI paire 23 " " du 5° " " 27 " du 7° " " 35 " " du 8» " " 5 " " du crochet " 4 " Ce specimen me permet de completer la description de Hoek.^ Les orifices genitaux se trouvent sur la surface inferieure du second article des appendices VI et VII, et sont places pres du bout distal de cet article sur de faibles elevations qui portent chacune une serie de polls. On observe des elevations pareilles niais encore plus faibles sur les appendices IV et V. Le conduit excreteur des " Hautdriisen" est place dans le tiers basal du qua- trieme article sur une faible elevation et presente un tube cylindrique recourbe en arc en dehors. Le sixieme article des appendices IV-VII est plus long que le quatrieme, 1 Loc. rit., pp. 252, 25:3, PI. IV. and V. - Luc. fit., I'lioxichilidiuin viollissiiinim, pp. 87, 88, PI. XIII. Fig. C-9. VOL. XXV. — NO. 2. 2 42 BULLETIN OF THE qui lui-meme est plus long que le cinquieme. La surface des articles 4-7 porte des poils minces et longs surtout sur le cote inferieur. L'article tarsal porte trois epines basilaires, dont celle du milieu est la plus grande, et 8-9 epines secondaires de diverse grandeur (Fig. 24, PI. II). Le crochet principal est aussi long que les trois quarts de l'article tarsal, et recourbe dans sa partie terminale. Les crochets secondaires sont petits et fortement recourbes dans leur partie terminale. Les appendices de la III paire sont prives de crochets. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 43 'ig :• 1- (( 2. it 3. li 4. a 6. 't 6. " 7. i( 8. (1 9. ;( 10. it 11. Fig .12. tt 13. it 14. tt 15. H 16. a 17. it 18. ti 19. t( 20. li 21. ti 22 (( 23. it 24. tt 25. It 26. a 27. EXPLICATION DES PLANCHES. PLANCHE I. Colossendeis bicincta, n. sp., vu par-dessus. la partie anterieare du corps du meme animal, vue par-dessus. les epines de I'appendice IV du meine animal. Ascorhynchus agassizii, n. sp., $ , vu par-dessus. I'orifice buccal du meme animal. I'appendice I du meme animal. Colossendeis macernma minor, n. sp., vu par-dessus. le segment oculifere du meme animal. les epines de I'appendice III du meme animal. la trompe du meme animal, vue. Pallenopsis californica, ^ , vu du cote dorsal. PLANCHE II. I'appendice II de Y Ascorhynchus agassizii, n. sp. I'appendice III du meme animal. I'appendice II de la Colossendeis macerrima minor, n. sp. I'appendice III du meme animal. les derniers articles de I'appendice VII de V Ascorhynchus agassizii, n. sp. I'article tarsal de I'appendice IV du meme animal. I'article tarsal de la Pallenopsis californica, n. sp. le meme article d'un specimen non-mature' de la meme espece. I'appendice I de la Pallenopsis californica, n. sp. I'abdomen du meme animal. le conduit excreteur des " HautdrUsen " du meme animal. I'appendice III du meme animal. I'article tarsal d'un specimen male de la Pallenopsis inollissima Hoek. I'appendice II de la Collossendeis gracilis Hoek, var. pallida, nov. var. les articles 3-7 de I'appendice II de la Colossendeis subminuta, a. sp. les articles 7-10 de I'appendice II du meme animal. V. A 1 ^ 11 7 ] 5^^ ' --./jQj^gfr T^LTr- 'r'~'XjJ&'^ ^ ^- \ Albatross" Ex. 189i. Pantopoda Pl U. IP«ti»w«ridi.4i B.UuC )-.Uaim No. 3. — A Method for Orienting small Objects for the Microtome. By W. McM. WooDWORTH.i In studying the embryology of Polychcerus caudata, an acoelous Turbellarian, I experienced great difficulty in obtaining sections in definite planes, owing to the extreme smallness and nearly spherical form of the early stages. Tlie difficulty lay in controlling the plane of section in relation to the axes of the object. The embryos measure only about 0.224 mm. in diameter, and all oi'ientation must be done under low powers of the microscope. I tried orienting in paraffin, which was kept fluid by means of hot water circulating through a combination Strieker's gas and warm stage into the central well of which iced water could be quickly introduced. I hoped thus by the sudden cooling of the paraffin to fix the object in the position into which it had been brought by means of needles. This method proved useless, for owing to their lightness and spherical shape the objects could not be kept long enough in one position, being moved about by the convection currents in the hot paraffin. The method suggested by Born (Zeitschr. f wiss. Mikr., Bd. V. p. 436, 1888) was also tried, but was not applicable to objects so small and round, it being impossible, in early stages, to determine the position of the poles, of the egg owing to the fact that the grooves of the cleavage planes become filled with paraffin and are thus obscured. The method is useful, how- ever, when the embryos have developed a characteristic shape or sym- metry that is visible through the coating of paraffin. I was still at sea with my young stages when Dr. William Patten told me of a method employed by him, in experimenting with which I developed the method which is the subject of this communication. The method depends upon the use of paper having a surface of raised parallel lines, or in other words, ha,ving a grained or rep-surface. Writ- ing paper of this kind is made in various sorts and can be had in the market. The best kind is that which is known as "linen cloth," and is made in imitation of somfe coarse fabric. It bears series of parallel raised lines intersecting one another at right angles in imitation of the woof 1 Contributions from the Zoulogical Laboratory of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, under the direction of E. L Mark, No. XXXVIII. VOL. XXV. — NO 3. 46 BULLETIN OF THE and warp of some woven fabric. The surface of the paper is thus di- vided into minute squares, the meshes representing the spaces between the imitated threads of the fabric. If such paper is not to be had, any- paper that has a distinct grain will answer, provided the lines of the grain are straight and parallel. Cut a rectangular strip of the paper so that the cut edges are parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the grain (I use strips about 5x15 mm.) and paste it smooth to a glass slide by means of a solution of gum-arabic. The rougher side of the paper, i. e. the side showing the grain more distinctly, should lie uppermost, or exposed. When the gum has dried, the exposed surface of the paper is coated with a thin fihn of the gum-arabic solution, which is best applied with a brush. When this is quite dry, the gummed surface of the paper is coated with a thin layer of collodion. This should be ordinary flexible collodion diluted with three parts of ether, and should be applied with a small brush so as to produce a very tliin film. The coating of collodion should not be added until immediately before use, for, if allowed to remain too long, it is liable to crack and fall away. The slip of glass thus prepared with the strip of paper covered with its two films of gum and collodion is then ready for use. The object to be oriented, which has been previously cleared in tur- pentine, is now drained of the superfluous oil by means of bibulous paper, and brought on the point of a needle to the surface of the paper prepared as above, and adjusted under the microscope so that the axes of the object have any desired relation to the lines on the paper. If care be taken to drain off all of the turpentine from the object, it will stick to the surface of the collodion in any position in which it is placed, so that an oblong or ovoid object can be placed either on end, or so that its chief axis will make almost any angle with the plane of the paper. When the object is suitably oriented, the whole slide is exposed under a bell glass for a few seconds to the vapor of ether. This softens tlie collodion, which upon drying holds the object fast in the desired position. The object is then covered with a drop of turpentine, and the slip of glass with the attached paper is placed in the paraflSn bath. To imbed the object in paraffin, the slip of glass bearing the object is removed from the bath, and a mould is built upon it about the paper in the ordinary way, by means of bars of metal arranged in the form of a rectangle, and filled with fluid paraffin. The mould should be as nearly as possible of the same size as the strip of paper, that is to say, the sides of the mould should coincide with the edges of the paper. When the MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 47 paraffin has cooled, the metal guards are carefully removed, and the paraffin is cut away until the edges of the paper are exposed. This is an important preparation for the next step. The glass slip with the attached block of paraffin is then put into a vessel of water. The water working into the paper from its edges dissolves the gum-arabic, and the block is thus detached from the glass. The film of gum between the collodion and the paper is also dissolved, so that the paper can then be removed, leaving the block of paraffin with the imbedded object. The object thus lies close to the lower surface of the block, over wbich is the delicate film of collodion and the imprint of the grain of the paper. One face of the paraffin block, which is a plane surface, thus bears a cast of the grain of the paper, the lines of which have definite relations to the axes of the imbedded object. It is now a simple matter to orient the block in the microtome so that the lines on the face of the block will have any position in relation to the plane of section. A whole series of objects can thus be oriented on one strip of paper ; and with a fine pen numbers referring to notes and drawings can be marked on the collodion surface adjacent to each object. These marks will appear on the face of the paraffin block after imbedding. The film of collodion on the face of the block in no way interferes with making good '" ribbons," for, owing to the fact that the collodion was much diluted, the film is so fine that it offers practically no resistance to the knife in cutting, and does not endanger the specimen. Although necessitating a rather long description, the method is ex- tremely simple. The chief advantages are: (1) the easy orientation of objects when filled with ^ome clearing medium, by which details are made more visible ; (2) the conspicuousness of the objects through all stages of the process ; (3) the saving of time in being able to imbed many objects at one operation ; and (4) the absence of any necessity for haste. The method has been tested by others with various objects, and always with success. Museum of Comparative Zoology, May 10, 1893. No. 4. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central A merica to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the IT. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. K, Comniandiin ';:^'- [Published by Permission of Marshall McDonald, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] IX. Report on the Turbellaria. By "W. McM. Woodworth. The collection, although an extremely small one, is important from the fact that it contains two species that are probably new, and shows for one species, Planocera pellucida, a wider distribution than has heretofore been known for it. Furthermore, it adds one to the number of species of Polyclads that are known to be pelagic. Owing to the small luim- ber of specimens, I was unable to make sections of any of the material, and my descriptions are based upon an examination of the specimens cleared in glycerin. In such a comparatively superficial study an ac- curate knowledge of the condition of the sexual organs, which is of great systematic importance, could -not be had. All of the forms belong to the class Polycladida, and represent three genera. Planocera pellucida Mertens. Tavo specimens marked, " Surface, 8 p. m., 1.3° 33' 30" N., 97° 57' 30" W." Only one specimen of the two was sexually mature, measuring 7 mm. in length by 4.5 mm. broad. The other specimen exhibited no signs of the sexual glands, only the penis and bursa being visible. A comparison of the material with a description of this species recently given by Von Graff ^ leaves no doubt as to their identity. The dimensions of the specimens measured by him are much greater than those given here, his largest one being 18 mm. in length by 13 mm. across at the widest point, and another one measuring 14 mm. in 1 L. von Graff, " Pelagische Polycladen," Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., Bd. LV. Heft 2, pp. 189-219, Taf. VII.-X., 1892. Also in Arbeiten a. d. zool. Inst. z. Graz, Bd. V. No. 1. 1892. VOL. XXV. — NO. 4. 50 BULLETIN OF THE length. My specimens agree so throroughly with the description given by Von Graff that I have no hesitancy in classing them as P^awocera pellucida.> So great a variability in size within a given species is not uncommon among the Turbel- laria, and it is to be added that but few specimens of this species have been captured as yet. Planocera pellucida up to the present time has been recorded (Von GraflF, loc. cit.) from the Indian Ocean and from the North and South Atlantic, and with Planocera grubei and Stylochoplana sargassicola was considered by Von Graff as one of the three known cosmopolitan Polyclads. The occurrence, then, of Planocera pellucida in the North Pacific gives to this species the widest dis- tribution of any pelagic Planarian. Stylochoplana californica, sp. nov. Figures I, 2. One specimen, immature, marked, "Station 3435, surface " (26°48'0" N., 110° 45' 20" W., Gulf of California). Length 5 mm., breadth at widest point 2 mm., breadth opposite mouth 1.60 mm. Anterior end rounded, abruptly expanded in the way characteristic of the genus, gradually tapering from the constriction behind the expanded head portion to the blunt posterior extreriiity. The indentation at the hind end shown in the figure is possibly the result of some injury, although the margin in this region showed no evidence of it. Color of the alcoholic specimen yellowish, very translucent. Margins of the body smooth and even, showing no signs of folds or wrinkles. The most striking character about the specimen is the conspicuousness of the nervous system, which shows with remarkable distinctness, even in the uncleared alco- holic condition, when viewed by transmitted light, it being possible to follow the two posterior longitudinal nerve stems from the brain to the posterior end of the body, where they unite with each other. Some of the transverse commis- sures, as well as the finer ramifications of the cerebral branches, can also be dis- tinctly traced for considerable distances. The posterior longitudinal stems retain about the same diameter throughout their entire extent, uniting with- out diminishing in calibre. One stem becomes directly continuous with the "other, the two thus forming a loop at the posterior end of the body. The nervous system may be said to consist of a closed ring, which gives ofl branches from its periphery, and is united by transverse commissures and beai*s a bilobed 'enlargement at the anterior end constituting the brain. To my knowl- edge such a condition of the nervous system exists only among Triclads (Pla- naria limuli ^ ). The eyes are arranged with striking symmetry both as regards the tentacles and the roots of the cerebral nerves. The tentacular eye-spots are larger than the cerebral ones, and there are five of them to each tentacle. The symmetry would be perfect but for an additional pair of small cerebral 1 L. von Graff, Kurze Mittheilungen iiber fortgesetzte TurbeHarienstudien. II. Ueber Planaria limuli. Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. II., No. 26, pp. 202-206, 1879. MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 51 eyes on the left side anteriorly. There is no membranous capsule about the brain such as is plainly seen in other forms. Mouth two thirds of the total length from the anterior end. The pharynx, anterior to the mouth, is thrown into deep lateral folds. Posterior to the mouth it consists of one long fold, which extends backwards and occupies about one third of the pharyngeal region. Sexual openings separate. The female (posterior) opening lies at a distance of about one fifth the total length from the posterior end, the male (anterior) opening being situated one fifth the distance from this to the mouth. Owing to the specimen being immature, no traces of ova, testes, uterus, or shell- gland can be detected. The penis can be dimly seen, and lying behind it and opening into the female gonopore is what I take to be a bursa copulatrix. Eight species of Polyclads are classed by Lang (Die Polycladen, p. 629) as being strictly pelagic. Von Graff" Qoc. cit.), who had at his disposal a greater amount of material than had before been accumulated, and who was able to make sections of the different forms, reduces these to five species. Two new species are added to these by him, thus making in all seven species of pelagic Polyclads. Adding to these our species, Stylochoplana californica, the number of pelagic Polyclads is increased to eight species. Three of these are cosmopolitan, one has so far been found only in the North Pacific, and seven occur in the Atlantic only. Prostheceraeus panamensis, sp. nov. ? Figures 3, 4. One specimen, very much mangled and torn, marked, "No. 201, Panama" (a littoral form from the reef off' Pa*iama). The material was in such bad con- dition that it was impossible to construct a figure of the entire animal. I could not reconcile the specimen to any description of known species, but hesitate in calling it a new species from the scant evidence at my disposal. The specimen when intact must have measured between 30 and 40 mm. in length by about 20 nun. in breadth. The general color of the alcoholic material is a reddish brown, the color being most concentrated along the dorsal median line, becoming fainter toward the margins. The color is due to a pigment distributed in an irregular meshwork, the colorless interspaces of which vary in size and shape. While the pigment is densest in the median line, the colorless interspaces being smaller here, at the edges it is reduced to a delicate network, tlnis imparting a lighter color to the margins of the body. The tentacles are also pigmented, and are rounded at their ends. Each tentacle has a group of eye-spots scat- tered along its inner margin. The cerebral eye-spots occupy a space free from pigment near the anterior end of the body. They are crowded together into a common mass, which has a bilobed shape as if the eye-mass had arisen by the fusion of two lateral groups. No traces of any other organs, or of the mouth or sexual openings, could be identified. Cambridge, June 6, 1893. 52 BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. Fig. 1. Sti/Iochoplana californica, from specimen cleared in glycerin to sliow the liabit. X 22. bu., bursa ; in., lateral branches of the intestine ; o., mouth ; pe., penis; phy., pharynx; <., tentacles ; (J, male gonopore ; 9 > female gonopore. Fig. 2. Enlarged drawing of the brain to show the arrangement of the eye-spots and their relation to the tentacles and cerebral nerves. Fig. 3. Pi-osthecerceus panamensis. Anterior end showing the cerebral eye-mass and tentacular eye-spots. X 27. Owing to the condition of the specimen the anterior margin of the body appears turned under, looking as if the ten- tacles sprang from the ventral surface of the animal. Fig. 4. Rhabditi and Pseudorhabditi of the same species, from a bit of teased hypodermis. X 700. Albatross Ex. 1891. r:,ANAR:AMs fe&;'J .!►;•» /v/i /"" (!.w i". • 1 ■ I 'I ;' \ :i#,- •^^.x^r- B Mf!se',i!;!).Bof trir No. 5. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on hy the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. K, Commanding *»• [Published by Permission of Marshall McDonald, U. S. Fish Commissioner] X. Note preliminaire sur les Alcyonaires. Par Thi^ophile Studer. La collection d'Alcyonaires recueillis pendant le voyage de I'Alba- tross, confine a mes soins par M. Alexandre Agassi;z, contient 34 esp^ces, dont 2 Alcyonacea, 14 Pennalulacea, 1 des Sderaxonia, 17 Holaxonia. De ces especes on ne pent que compter 15 qui etaient dejk connues h. la science, les autres sent nouvelles. En general avec I'exception des especes recueillies pres de la cote, la faune representee dans la collection a les rapports les plus intimes avec celle de la faune profonde de I'Atlan- tique et de la mer polaire ; il y a meme des especes communes aiix deux cotes de I'Amerique ; pen d'especes correspondent k celles de la mer du Japon.' Je donnerai ci-dessous de courtes descriptions des especes nouvelles et enumeration des especes recueillies ; un traite plus d^taille avec figures aura lieu par les Memoires du Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har- vard College. I. ALCYONACEA. Famil. CORNULARIADvE. Gen. CLAVULARIA, Q. G. Groupe MEMBRANIPODA. Clavularia gregaria, n. sp. La mince membrane basilaire qui s'etend sur des tubes d'Anndlides, est tantdt large, tantot retrecie sous la forme de stolons. Les calyces, qui sont parfois VOL. XXV. — NO. 5. 54 BULLETIN OF THE reunis par groupes de deux a quatre, laissent des interstices assez variables entre eux. lis sont cylindriques, bauts de 7 k 8 mm. Leur paroi est lisse et unie ou k sillons longitudinaux a peine accentues. La partie retractile du polype est courte, de 2 mm. de longueur. Le sclerites remplisseiit les parois des calyces et du coenenchyme, ainsi que la partie retractile des polypes, oil ils s'e'tendent jusqu'au bout des tentacules, sous la couronne desquels ils forment une collerctte. Ce sont de gros fuseaux verruqueux et des massues, tantot droits, tantot courbes, longs de 0.7, 0.57, 0.4, 0.64, 0.34 mm.; sur 0.1, 0.057,0.007,0.1,0.15 mm. d'epaisseur, des plaques verruqueuses et dans les tentacules des fuseaux courbes plus minces. Les formes sont analogues a celles que presentent les autres especes de la mer profonde, comme CI. elon(/ata, P. Wrigbt et Tli. Stud., borealis, Kor. et Dan. et d'autres. Le bourgeonnement a lieu a la base des polypes, ce qui produit par places des groupes de calyces. La couleur de la colonie en alkohol est blanche. Station 3384. Lat. 7° 31' 3" N., Long. 79° 14' O. Profondeur, 485 fathoms. Famil. NEPHTHYIDJS. Gen. VOERINGIA. Dan. Voeringia pacifica, n. sp. Aspect general de Voeringia capitata, Danielss : Un tronc court et epais, de consistance coriace, produit dejk pres de la base de grosses branches qui don- nent naissance a de courts rameaux obtus. Les branches de premier et de second ordre sont couvertes de polypes cylindriques, longs de 3 a 5 mm., dont la partie calycinale est courte, formant un cone tronque, pendant que la partie retractile est longue. Toute la colonie s'eleve a une hauteur de 60 mm. Les branches principales ont une longueur de 20 a 30 mm. Le coenenchyme du tronc et des branches contient peu de scle'rites, pendant que les polypes en sont tres riches. lis sont representes par des spicules en forme de longs batonnets epineu.x, qui forment un collier annulaire autour de la base des tentacules, etqui, arranges en forme de chevron, se laissent poursuivre jusqu'au bout des tentacules. Les canaux principaux du tronc sont e'troits et separes par des parois epaisses qui ne contiennent pas de scle'rites. Station 3354. Long. 7° 9' 45" N., Lat. 80° 50' O. Profondeur, 322 fathoms. MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 55 II. PENNATULACEA. SUBSECT. PeXNIFORMES. Famil. PENNATULID^. PENNATULA, Lam. Pennatula alata, n. sp. Especede89 a 92 mm. de loirjjueur, dont la plume n'aque 38 mm. La longue tige possede deux cnflements lateraux en forme de carone ou d'ailerons qui s'etendent sur trois quarts de leiu- longueur moyenne. Les pinnules sont etroites, et ne possedent qu'une seule rangee de 8 calyees, dont les ouvertures sont en- tourees d'une couronne de 6 a 8 epines d'egale longueur. Les pinnules sont les plus longs, 1 2 a 16 mm., au milieu de la plume, et se racoureissent tres peu vers le bout superieur. On compte IG a 18 pinnules sur chaque cote. Les zooides forment deux baudes etroites sur le cote ventral du rhacliis, laissant entre eux un espace libre. lis sont arranges en series obliques au nombre de 5 ^ 6. Polypes et zooides rouges, partie dorsale des feuilles, ainsi que la tige blanches. II y a aussi des varietes qui sont toutes blanches. 225 cchantillons de cette espece h Station 3435. Lat. 20° 48' jST., Long. 110° 45' 20" O. Profon- deur, 859 fathoms. Pennatula phosphorea, Lin. Un echantillon recueilli a Station 3,410. Lat. 0° 19' N., Lono-. 90° 34' O. Profondeur, 331 fathoms. II ne pent etre distingue specifi(picment de I'espece atlantique. Pennatula distorta, D.v>f. Kor., var. pacifica, n. var. Je ne trouve pas de caracteres suffisants pour se'parer les 5 cchantillons de la collection de I'espece des mers du Nord, seulement la couleur est blanche jaunatre et les sclerites des calyces paraissent plus longs et plus accentues. Station 3,399. Lat. 1° 7' N., Long. 81° 4' O. Profondeur, 1,740 fathoms. Pennatula Koellikeri, n. sp. Magnifique espece qui atteint 30<) mm. de hauteur, dont la tige sterile oc- cupe 66 mm. Les pinnules sont lanceolees, minces et contournees; elles pos- sedent deux rangs de calyces qui sont disposes par series alternante>. Loir forme est longue, cylindrique, leur ouverture entouree d'une couronne de 8 epines qui sont de meme longueur. On compte 24 pinnules de chaque cote, qui nais- 56 BULLETIN OF THE sent alternativoment avcc une large base foliacec. La nombrc de polypes sur uno piniuile est dc 18. La tige est enllde en bulbe au milieu, et se termine en bas par iin l)out obtus et contoiu'iie. Le rhachis possede un profond sillon dorsal, pendant que la partie vcntrale est convexe. Les zooides formcnt deux bandes laterales sur les deux cotes ventrales du rhachis, de la des series de zooides se detachent a chaque racine d'une jiinnule pour s'etendre sur leur cote ventral jusqu'au quart de leur etendue. La couleur des pinnules et des zooides est d'un rouge fonce, le rhachis et la tigc sont d'un blanc rose on rose, la partie inferieure de la tige est blanche. Cette espece se rapproche de la Peniuiiula Mm-rai/i, Koell. 10 echantillons trouves a Station 3,424, Lat. 21° 15' N., Long. lUG"^ 23' O. Profondeur, G7(J fathoms. Section SPICAT.E. subsect. funiculixe.e. Tamil. STACHYPTILID^E. STACHYPTILUM, Koell. Stachyptilum superbum, n. sp. La colonic presente I'aspect d'un epis de ble. La longueur est de 200 nun. et de plus, dont la tige a 58 a GO nnu. Celle-ci est cylindrique, un peu enflee vers sa base, qui se termine par un bout obtus, quel([uei'ois contourne ca crochet. Le rhachis excede peu la tio^e en epaisseur ; il ])orte sur sa partie dorsale des calyces tres serres, de forme cylindrique et longs de 5 a C mm., dont les ouvertures couvrent les bases des calyces superposes. Ces calyces sont disjioses en rangees obliques de 4 a 5 de chacpie c6te. Depuis la base jusqu'a la pointe je compte 34 rangees. Les calyces sont armes de sclerites longs et spinifonnes, qui })rojettent un peu au-dela de I'ouverture et y forment deux ou trois dents proniinentes. La partie ventrale du rhachis offre un espace etroit denude de polypes ; un sillon profond le longe par toute son etendue. Des deux cotes de ce sillon la partie ventrale est couverte des petits zooides, qui sont tubuleux et projettent un ])eu sur la surface ; ils jiossedent a leur base une couronne de sclerites. L'axis est cylindrique, calcaire et de consistance elastique, vers la base die se termine dans un filet mince. La couleur des polypes est d'un brun violaee, cellc de la tige et du rhachis est blanche. Station 3,389. Lat. 7° l(i' 45" N., Long. 79° 5G' 30" O. Profondeur, 210 fathoms. museum of comparative zoology. 57 subsect. junciformes. Famil. KOPHOBELEMNONIDJE. KOPHOBELEMNON, Koell. Kophobelemnon afiine, n. sp. Espece tres voisine de K. stelUfcrinn Miill. , surtout a la variete durum Koell. La colonic de runi(jue echantillon a 113 mm. de hauteur. La tige est mince, un peu enflee a la base, qui est contournee. La partie sterile a 93 mm. de longueur, la partie polypifere est clavifoi'me et se termine dans une pointe. Elle porte 9 polypes, qui sont disposes sur trois rangset sont tres distants entre eux. Leur longueur est de 11 mm. ; ils ne paraissent pas etre retractiles. Leurs tentacules sont longs. Les tentacules, la parol du corps ainsi que tout le rhachis sont remplis de sclerites, ceux des tentacules forment de longs biitonnets. Les zooides ne sont pas tres nombreux, ils forment de jJtitites vermes non epineuses. La couleur en alkoliol est grise. Station 3,392. Long. 7° 5' 30" N., Lat. 79° 40' O. Profondeur, 1,27U fathoms. Famil. UMBELLULID^. UMBELLULA, Lam. Umbellula encrinus (L.). Deux echantillons d'une umliellula, draguee a station 3,410, Lat. 0° 19' N., Long. 90° 34' O., profondeur, 331 fathoms, ne se distinguent en ricn des formes typiques de cette espece. Depuis que Grieg (Oversigt over Norges pen- natulider, Bergens Museum Aarsberetning, 1891, No. 1, p. 18) a demontre (jue cette espece, decrite sous les noms differents de U. grcenlundica Lam., Lin- dahlii Koell., magniflora Koell. (?), gracilis Marsh, est repandue sur une grande etendue de la mer profonde, il n'y a rien d'etonnant de la retrouver au milieu de I'ocean pacifi(pie. Umbellula Giintheri, Kokll. Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Report on the Pennatulida., p. 18. Un echantillon, trouve k Station 3,381. Lat. 4° 56' N., Long. 80° .52' 30" O. Profondeur, 1,772 fathoms. Le Challenger recueillit cette espece dans I'Atlan- tique. Lat. 1° 4 7' X., Long. 2G° 4G' O. a 1 ,.s-,0 fathoms. 58 BULLETIN OF THE Umbellula leptocaulis, Koell. Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Keport on tlie Pennatulida, p. 20. Un e'chantillou de Station 3,309. Lat. 1° !'■■ N., Long. 81° 4' O. Trofondeur, 1,740 fathoms. Le Challenger la trouvait a Lat. 36° 10' N., Long. 178° 0' E. en 2,050 fathoms dans la mer racifique. Umbellula geniculata, n. sp. La tige est longue, mince, pen enflee a son extremite inferieure. Le rhaehis s'y attache par mi angle droit; il est enflc en dis([ue et courhe vers la base. Les grands jxjlypes y sont arranges en I'osette, I'arrangement hihiteral etant tres pen accentue. Les zooi'des I'emplisscnt I'espace entre les bases des polypes. Ni le ci;)enenehyme, ni les polypes contiennent des selerites. L'axe ealcaire est ([uadrangiilaire, les surfaces sont profondi'ment concaves. La colonic a 165 mm. de hauteur, la tige en occupe IGO mm., les ])olypes avec tentacules 15 mm. La couleur des polypes est d'nn violet clair, celle des autres parties blanches. Deux echautillons a Station 3,425, Lat. 'IV 19' N., Long. 1(»G° 24' O. Pro- fondeur, (180 fathoms. rrobablement de nombreux echantillons dragues a Station 3,424, Lat. 21° 15' N., Long. 106° 23' O., a 676 fathoms de profondcur, appartiennent a la meme espece. jNL-ilhcurenscmcnt ils sont tellcmcnt aljimes i)ar des racines sili- ccuses de Spongiaires miscs dans le mcMiie bocal, (pi'il n'y a jJus moycn de les identifier. Famil. PROTOCAULID.E. CLADISCUS, Kou. Dan. Cladiscus Agassizii, n. sp. Piclle espece de 280 mm. de hauteur. La tige, (pii est longue de 55 mm., est endc'c et arrondie h la base. Le rhaehis porte a des distances de 8 a 10 mm. des calvces, <[\\\ sont arranges par series obliques de trois de chaipic cote et qui naissent en scries altcrnantes. Leur longueur est de 2 nun., la forme cylin- dri([nc. Sur la face dorsalc, a la base des ])olypes, il y a sur les deux cotes du rhaehis des rangees de zooides. La tige et les I'alyces sont blancs, les tentacules des ]iolypes violets. Un echantillon a Station 3,424. Lat. 21° 15' X., Lung. 106° 23' 0. Pro- fondcur, 6 76 fathoms. museum of compallative zoology. 59 Famil. PROTOPTILID^E. SCLEROPTILUM, Koell. Scleroptilum durissimum, Koell. Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Report on the Pennatulida, p. 31. Un echantillon de Station 3.3!)2. Lat. 7° 5' 30" N., Long. TJ° 40' O. Pro- fondeur, 1270 fathoms. Le Challenger rccneillit I'espece en Lat. 30° 7' X., Lon"-. 138° E., aii sud de Jeddo dans 5G4 fathoms. DISTICHOPTILUM, Verrill. Distichoptilum Verrillii, n. sp. Cette espece forme de longues verges flexible?, qui doivent atteindre ])lus d'nn metre. Dans le t^eul echantillon, oil la tige est conservee, elle post-ede 4 7(J mm. de longnenr, elle est minee, cylindriqiie et recouvhee en forme de crochet a son extremite inferieure. Les calyces naissent sur les deux cotes du rhacliis en series alternantes, I;i parol interne adossee a la tige et di-tiiiitcs de 2 mm. L'ouverture ol)li(pie est surmontee d'une levre qui porte deu.x denticnles spini- formi's. Les zooidt's se tronvent d"un cote sur la face dorsnlc visa-vis de I'orifice du calvco sous forme d'nne simple ouverture ronde, sur le eote ventral un pen en dessus du calyce. L'axis est caleaire et mnde vers la Imse. vers la ]iarti(! eflilre du tronc elle devient (piadrangulMire. Le coeuenchyme et les calyces sont rcuqilis de sclerites longs et minces, trigonaux en section transverse, longs ile O.iM nun. La couleur des calyces est rouge de corail, ceiie du rhacliis plus i)ale, de la tige jauuatre. De tres vieilles clIouIcs suhissent dans leur partie unneune une torsion en spirale, ([ui fait cpu! la disposiliun des calyces jKirait moius reguliere. Cette espece est tres voisine de D. r/racl/e Verrill de Xantucket Island, seulcment, au moins en comparaison avec la courte description de Verrill dans le r>u!l. -Alus. C.mip. Zool., Vol. XI.. Xo. 1. I'l. I , fig. 1. les calyces paraissent moins rapproches les uns des autres et les colcmies deviennent plus grandes. X'ombreux echantillons, mais toujoiu-s en frairments de Station 3,407. Lat. 0'^ 4' S., Long. '.)(f 24' 30" O. Profondeur. S8.J fathoms. Une espece iVAs- tevonijx est aftachee a une tiire. Station 3,431. Lat. 2.^ 59' X., Long. lOS'' 4<)' O. Pnifoudeur, 095 fathoms. Station 3,39s. Lat. 1^ 7' X., Long. 8no 21' <). I'lofondcur, 1.573 fathoms- 60 BULLETIN OF THE TRICHOPTILUM, Koell. (?) T. brunneum, Koell. Voyage of IL M. S. Challenger. Report on the Pennatulida, p. 29, PI. YIII., fig. 3L Quelques colonies de Station 3,4-24. Lat. 21"^ 1.5' N., Long. 10G° 23' O. Pro- fonileur, GIG fathoms. Je n'ose jms etablir comme certain, que les echantillons sont identiques a I'espece de Koelliker. Tous sont tellement abimes par la prc'sence dans le meme bocal de racines siliceuses d'eponges que Ics polypes sont reconnaissables seulement par places. Sur le genre il ne pourra pas s'elever un doute. Le Challenger recueillit I'espeee au S. E. dc Ceram, Lat. 5° 42' S., Long. 132° 25' E. en 125 fathoms. III. SCLERAXONIA. Famil. BRIAREID^E. SUBFAM. BpJAREIN.'E. ANTHOTHELA, Verrill. Anthotliela argentea, n. sp. Espece tres voisine de A. grandijlora (Sars) de I'Atlantique du Xord et es calvces, qui sont courbc's vers en bas, forment des vcrticilles de G, qui se touchcnt entre eux. lis sont longs de 4 mm. La premiere ])iece annulaire, de 2 mm. dc longueur, porte deux petites cpines divergentes. La seconde, qui a 1.5 mm., est aplatie vers son bord oral et cchancree. Le couvercle, forme de 8 pieces, est liien developpe ; les pieces dorsales sont Ics i)lus grandes. Des scries entieres de calyces montrent une deformite causee par la presence d'un annelide sur le coenenchyme du tronc, semblable a Tespece suivante, oil i'en parlerai d'une maniere plus detaillee. L'axis est jaune avec des reflets dores. Station 3,404. Lat. 1° 3' N., Long. 80° 2S' O. ProFondeur, 3Sa fathoms. SUBFAM. PrIMNOIN^. STACHYODES, P. Wright et Tn. Studkr, Stachyodes ambigua, n. sp. Un fragment represente par une branche, (|ui fait naitre des deux cotes des branches laterales. Celles-ci sont simples ou produisent des branches de second ordre. Les branches terminales sont longues dc 30 nun. et un peu enflees au bout. Les polyjies, tournes vers en bas, forment des verticilles de (i, qui se touchent. Les calyces ont 3 mm. de longueur. La premiere jiaire de squames est elargie et dentelec a son bord, la seconde, qui fait un angle droit avec la premiere, est plus courte et possede sur la partie dorsale deux jirolongenients jilats, la troisieme paire est large avec uu bord etendu en forme d'ailes, entre les(juels repose le couvercle, qui est constitue de 8 j)ieces. dont les deux dorsales sont les plus grandes. Los calyces prcsentent sur des etendues assez conside-rables iles d('formations tres curieuses. 04 BULLETIN OF THE Sur quelques branches un ver amielidi' de la famille des Eunicides sVst etabli sur le coenciicliyine. Lcs deux calycfs, eutre les(|uels le vtT s'ost \oaie de Kagoshima. Stenella ramosa, n. sp. La colonic porte de riches ramifications, qui sont surtout tournees vers deux cote.s, ])endant que les branches naissent de tout le pourtour de la tige. La iiauteur est de 175 mm., la jilus grande ctendue de lOG mm. Le tronc princi])al, (pii s'elcved'une base calcaire lamellcuse, est courbe dans divers sens, les branches naissent deja k 5 nun. de la base. Ellcs se detachent de tout le pourtour du tronc, mais leur tendance de se porter surtout vers deux cotes fait- prendre a la colonic un aspect presque llal)elliforme. Les branches ))roduisent des branches secondaires et tertiaires. Les terminales sont conrbces vers l;i l)asc. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 65 Les calyces, qui s'elevent sous un angle droit de leur base, couvrent le tronc et les branches. Sur le tronc et les fortes branches, ils sont arranges en spirales de (juatre, ainsi (jue le quatrieme calyce est superpose directenient au premier ; sur les rameaux greles les calyces ne forment plus que deu.x. series alternantes. Chacpie cal\ce a 3 mm. de longueur et se compose de quatre series de squames imbriques, ilont la derniere pos^^ede des bords larges et etendus, formant une rosette sur laquelle repose le couvercle de huit pieces calcaires qui est un cone bas. L'axis est noire et se laisse entrevoir par le coenenchyme mince du tronc et des grosses branehes. Cette espece est tres voisine a la St. spinosa Wr. Stud., mais on differe par le mode de ramification et les calyces dont les s(|uames sont plus epineuses. Station 3,384. Lat. 7° 31' 30" K, Long. 79° 14' O. Profondeur, 458 fathoms. AMPHILAPHIS, P. Wright et Th. Studer. Amphilaphis abietina, n. sp. Espece tres voisine de Amphilaphia regularls Wright et Studer ; elle s'en dis- tingue en ce (pie les branches sedetachent du tronc commun sbus des angles phis droits et que les calyces, qui sont separes ]iar des interstices plus grands, sont plus petits ; ils n'ontque 1.5 k 1.8 mm. Par centre le couvercle est plus haut et forme un long cone pointu, dont les huit valves sont longues et lanceolees. Commedans I'espece typique, l'axis est flexil)le et molle, ce qui donne a toute la colonic une consistance llascjue, tres differente de celle des autres Prim- noides. Station 3,399. Lat. 1° 7' X., Long. 81° 4' O. Profondeur, 1,740 fathoms. CALIGORGIA, Gray. Caligorgia flabellum (Ehbg.). Prymnoa flahelhim, Ehrenberg. Knrallcntliiere d. rotli. Meers, p. WA. Culigorr/ia fiibellnm, Studer. Monatsber. K. Acad, der Wissensch. Berlin, 1818, p. 64G. Wright et Studer, Challenger Alcyonaria, p. 70. De cette espece repandue depuis les mors du Japon jusqu'aux Seychelles, il se trouvent dans la collection des echantillons de Station 3,406. Lat. 0° IG' N., Long. 90° 21' 30" O. Profondeur, 551 fathoms., Station 3,424. Lat. 21"' 15' N., Long. 10G° 23' O. Profondeur, 676 fathoms. Station 3,353. Lat. 7° 0' 15" X., Long. 80° 34' O. Profondeur, 695 fathoms. (jQ BULLETIN OF TliP: Famil. MURICEID^E. ACANTHOGORGIA, Gray. Acanthogorgia brevispina, n. sp. Seulemont la branche d'unc coloiiie a etc conserveo. Elle est lonsiue He 120 inm. et produit seulement siir un cote de loivj^s ranieaux, qui parfois donncrii; naissance a des rameaux socondairos. Toutes les branches sont laches et flexi- bles. Les polypes cylindriques de 3 mm. de longueur, selevent sons des angles droits du coenenehyme ; ils sont arrange's en spirales antour du tronc. Les sclerites ont la forme de batonnets longs et epineux, (|ui sur les calyces sont disposes en 8 se'ries, dunt eliaeune est coniposee de deux rangs qui converirert en chevron. Autour de la base tentaculaire ils forment une couronne de huit epines prominentes, qui ne depassent pas en longueur le cone que forment les tentaeules retrccis. Le coenenchyme el les polypes sont noirs, les sclerites de couleur argente'e, I'axis est jaune. Station 3,359. Lat. G° 22' 20" N., Long. 81= 52' O. Profondeur, 465 fathoms. ANTHOMURICEA, r. Wright et Tii. Studkr. Anthomuricea argentea, P. Wright et Th. Studer. Voyage of tlie Challenger. Report on the Alcyonaria, p. 104, Pi. XXIII., fig. 1. Je nc tronve pas de caraeteres suffisants pour scparcr les ccliantillons de la collection de I'espece ti'ouvee pendant le voyage du Challenger. Station 3,425. Lat. 21'' I'f X., Long. 100° 24' O. Profondeur, G80 fathoms. Les exenqilaires du Challenger venaient de Port Grappler, Patagonia, d'une profondeur de 140 fathoms. MURICEA, sens, strict. Verrill. Muricea hebes, Verrill. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo.;!., p. G.3, 18G4 ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. X., p. 328, 18(36; Trans. Connect. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Vol. L, pt. 2, 1867-71, p. 430, PL VII., iig. 8 ; PL VIII , fig. 11. Trois colonies de Panama. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 07 Muricea fruticosa, Verkill. Trans. Connect. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Vol. I., pt. 2, 18G7-71, p. 482, ri. VII., fig. 2. Deux colonies de Panama. Famil. PLEXAURID^. PSAMMOGORGIA, Vekrill. Psammogorgia variabilis, n. sp. D'une base plate, qui couvre des fragments de coquilles, s'eleve un tronc grele duquel naissent a des interstices grands et irreguliers de longues branches, (|ui portent de rares rameau.x. Toutes les branches sont longues et lle.xibles et divergent sous differents plans avec des angles de 45 a 90 degres. Les branches terminales ont jusqu'a, 100 mm. de longueur par une epaisseur de 1.5 a 2 nun., qui e.xcede peu le tronc principal, qui a 3 nun. Tronc et branches sont cylindri([ues, mais vers leur partie terminale elles prennent une forme aphitie; leurs bouts sont touj(nu-s plats et comprmies. Les calyces ont la forme de jjotites verrues aplaties avec des ouvertures con- tractees en fente, dont le grand diametre est dirige dans le sens de I'etendue des branches. Sur les parties cylindricpies du tronc et des branches ils sont arranges en spiralcs ; sur les e.xtremites aplaties ils sont disposes le long des deux l)ords tranchants. Les sclerites du coenenchyme et des calyces sont dis- poses par deux couches. La superieure est formce de gros spicules trapus en forme de fuseau.x verruqueux, dont la face exterieure porte de verrut's rami- fiees beaucoup plus grosses que la face infe'rieure. La couche infe'rieure est composee des spicules minces et fusiformes tres epineux. Les tentacnles sont remplis de petits spicules echinules qui reposent sur une collerettede Ijatonnets courbes s'etendant a la base de la couronne tentaculaire. L'axis est cornee, flexible et jaune. Les colonies se presentcnt sous une variete de couleur blanche, et d'une seconde qui est d'un jaune terreux. Station 3,309. Lat. 5° 32' 45" N".. Long. 86° 55' 2" O. Profondeur, 52 fathoms. Station 3,367. Lat. 5° 31' 30" N., Long. 86° 52' 30" O. Profondeur, lOO fathoms. VOL. XXV. — NO. 5. 2 68 bulletin of the Famil. GORGONID^. CALLISTEPHANUS, P. Wright et Th. Studer. Callistephanus Wrightii, n. sp. Espece tres voisine de C. Koreni Wright ct Studer (Challenger Alcyonaria, p. 149, PL XXI., figs. 2, 2 a; PI. XXXIII., fig. 7), dont elle a le port, la forme et la disposition des calyces ainsi (jue la couleur rouge de corail. Elle s'en distingue pourtant par sa forme plus grele, les branches plus minces et les calyces plus petits. La plus grande difference existe entre les sclerites des deux especes. Ceux-ci ferment dans I'une comme dans I'autre, deux couches de spicules differents. La premiere est constituee de petits spicules en forme de massucs, de double roues et de fuseaux verrucpieux ; la seconde contient de longs fuseaux ou de batonnets qui portent de rares epines et de vermes. Chez C. Koreni Wright et Studer, les spicules de la couche superieurc sont de petites double-roues, qui quelquefois par le developj)oraent excessif de verrues d'une couronne affectent I'aspect de massues. lis out une longueur de 0.1, 0.09, 0.13,0.11 mm La couche inferieure est formee de longs fuseaux epineux de 0.18, 0.2 de longueur. Chez C. Wrightii, n. sp. Les spicules de la couche superieure sont plus allonges, les couronnes de verrues plus distants, les double roues s'etirent en fuseaux, qui aussi (pielquefois se transforment en massues. Leur longueur est de 0.16, 0.21, 0.13, 0.009, 0.1 mm. Les spicules de la couche inferieure sont ou de longs fuseaux avec des epines tres petites ou des batonnets lisses. lis ont 0.35, 0.2, 0.21 mm. de longueur. Station 3,354. Lat. 7° 9' 45" N., Long. 80° 50' O. Profondour, 322 fathoms. Station 3,425. Lat. 2P 19' N., Long. 100° 24' O. Profondeur, 680 fathoms. LEPTOGORGIA, Verrill, emend. Leptogorgia alba, Verrill. Trans. Connect. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Vol. I., 1866-71, p. 389, PI. V., fig. 7. Deux colonies de Panama. Leptogorgia adamsi, Verrill. Amer. Jonr. Sci., XI V., p. 41. "i, Mtv, 18fi8; Trnns. Connect. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Vol. L, 1866-71, fig. 3i)l, PI. V,, fig. 5 ; PL VI., fig. 4. Panama. MUSEUM OF CO-MrAIlATIVE ZOOLOGY. 69 EUGORGIA, Verrill. Eugorgia X'ubens, Verrill, Trans. Connect. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Vol. I., 1866r-71, p. 411. Deux petitcs colonies d'une Eur/nroia Habelliforme dont los iji'anclies sont bi- et tripinnees ct dout ies calyces, distribues siir deux rangs, sont promincnts en forme de prtits cones, me paraissent appartenir a cette espece, qui malheureuse- ment n'a jamais ete figuree. La couleur est d'un rouge orange pale. Panama. No. G. — Rcfports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central A^nerica to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on hy the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross" during 1891, LiEUT. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N. Commandins[. ^o* [Published by Permission of Marshall McDonald, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] X. The Hydroids. By Samuel F. Clarke. The Hydroids of this collection are from off the west coast of Central America. All but one are from the southward of the city of Panama, about one hundred to one hundred and forty miles, and from one other point about one hundred and seventy-five miles southwest of Panama. The records of the various stations whei'e the specimens were taken, are as follows : — Ndmber. Temperatures Depth. Surface. Bottom. Fathoms. 3357 83 38.5 782 3368 82 58.4 66 3384 74 42.0 458 3388 73 36.2 1168 The species are ten in number. GYMNOBLASTEA. Eudendrium, sp. CALYPTOBLASTEA. Campanularia castellata, sp. nov. Lafoea convallaria, Alljian. Lictorella geniculata, sp. nov. Halecium argenteum, sp. nov. Halecium gracile, Bale. Sertularia variabilis, sp. nov. Cryptolaria conferta, Allman. Cryptolaria pulchella, Allman. Plumularia helleri, Hincks. VOL. XXV. — NO. C. 72 BULLETIN OF THE These are represented in the different stations or localities as fol- lows : — 3357. Fathoms 782. Campanularia castellata. Cryptolaria conferta. Sertularia variabilis. 3368. Fathoms 66. Halecium gracile. 3384. Fathoms 458. Eudendrium, sp. Lafoea couvallaria. Lictorella geniculata. Halecium argenteum. Sertularia variabilis. Cryptolaria pulchella. Plumularia helleri. 3388. Fathoms 1168. Sertularia variabilis. Comparing this collection with tlie one made on the eastern side of Central America in the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream by Mr. Agassiz in 1877-78,^ it is noteworthy that two of the fine species before known, Cryptolaria conferta and Lafoea couvallaria, occur also on the eastern side of the isthmus. Two others of the five are known from elsewhere in the Pacific, — Cryptolaria pulchella from off" Honolulu, and Halecium gracile from the Australian coast. The remaining one of the five, Plumularia helleri, has been found at Rovigno, Italy. Eudendrium, sp. Plate I. Figs. 1 and 3. Two or three M^ell worn specimens of a gymnoblastic form I refer to this genus because of the structure of the oue hydrantli which remains. It is not sufficient to make an absolute determination by, and I therefore attempt no specific identification. Trophosome. The stem is polysiphouic, and the bases of the fjranches also ; the brandies and bnincldets are ainiulated at the Ijase, and annulations occur irregularly along the branches. A life-size figure of the colonies is represented on Plate I. Figs. 1, 2. Gnnnsome not known. Locality. Station 3384. About 100 miles south of the city of Panama, Bathymetrical record, 458 fathoms. 1 See tills BuIIethi, Vol. V. No. 10. MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 73 CALYPTOBLASTEA. CAMPANULARIAD^. Obelia castellata, sp. nov. Plates I., II., rijjs. 3 to 9 inclusive. Trophosome. A small specimen a tritle over three eighths of an inch in length is all that was found. As there was no hydrorhiza, and as the stem at the base is broken, it is cj^uite possible that this may be but a fragment of a colony. It looks much like a branch of 0. gdatinosa, in which the entire colony is often six inches long. The stem is monosiphonic, enlarged at each node, with three or four annu- lations immediately above each node; the direction of the stem changes at the nodes, alternately to the right and left. The branches are arranged alternately, and are like the stem in the several characters mentioned. The hydrothecse are rather deeply campanulate, with a castellate margin: they are borne on pedicels, usually annulated throughout, and generally consist- ing of eight to twelve annulations ; the number varies, however, occasionally, from four or five to eight ; the pedicels at the ends of branches are annulated at both extremities and smooth between ; the hydrothecse occur also at the axillse between the branches and stem, and between the branchlets and branches. I was unable to satisfy myself about the existence of a floor or internal partition near the base ; something of that nature appears in two hydrothecse, but not in any of the others (see Plate I. Fig. 5). The specimen is considerably battered, most of the hydrothecse being wrinkled, and the caeno- sarc is gone. Gonosome. There are four Gonangia occupying axillary positions on the main stem, which position each one shares with the peduncle of a hydrotheca ; they are obovate, with a terminal, circular aperture, with one or two faint annulations toward the distal end, and borne on short pedicels of three to five annulations. Locality. Station 3357. About 140 miles southwest of the city of Panama. Bathymetrical record, 782 fathoms. This form is allied to Obelia gelativosa, from which it differs in the struc- ture of the Gonangia (see Plate I. Figs. 7, 8, and Plate II. Fig. 9). Should there prove to be no bottom or floor to the hydrotheca in this form, that would be another distinction between castellata and gelatinosa. Further, if this is only a branch, and the main stem is polysiphonic, that is an important similarity between the two ; while if it retains the monosiphonic character, it emphasizes the distinction between these species. 74 BULLETIN OF THE It is, of course, impossible to determine whether this belongs in the genus Obelia or in Campanularia, without knowing its manner of reproduction ; and it is from its general similarity to some of the Obelias, lonyissima and especially gelatinosa, that I place it provisionally here. LAFOEID.^. Lafoea convallaria, AUman. There is a single specimen of this beautiful hydroid. It agrees with Allman's description very perfectly; the only noticeable point being that one of the lower pinnae bears a branchlet. Locality. Station 3384. About 100 miles south of the city of Panama. Bathymetrical record, 458 fathoms. Lictorella geniculata, sp. nov. Plate III. Figs. 14 to 16. The specific name has allusion to the knee-like structure at the base of the hydrotheca pedicel. Plate III. Figs. 14, 15, 16. Trophosome. The stem is perisiphonic, much and irregularly branched, forming a spreading colonj-, with the width usually greater than the height. The branches, with the exception of most of the smallest, are perisiphonic in most of their length, are short and stout, and are mainly in one plane. The hydrothecEe are borne on the stem and branches, and one is found springing from the axil of every smaller liranch and from many of the larger ones ; they are somewhat tubular or deep bell-shaped, tapering at the base and with an even everted rim, the amount of eversiou in some being very slight. A delicate ring represents the floor, and they are supported on simple, tubular pedicels which unite with a process from the stem or branch by an uneven knee-like joint ; the pedicels are from one third to one half the length of the hydrotheca?. Gonosome not present. This has a very rigid, angulate habit, which differentiates it in general ap- pearance from the other two members of this genus as yet described, Lictorella haleciodes Allman, and Lictorella cyathifera Allman. It is more like the former species, but is different in the pedicels of the hydrotheca), and in the uniforndy pinnate arrangement of the branchlets. Occasionally in geniculata the smallest branches are partly perisiphonic. Locality. Station 3384. Bathymetrical record, 458 fathoms. Halecium gracile, Bale. Numerous specimens of this delicate Halecium, on one of which was a single gonangium, were taken at Station 3368, between thirty and forty miles off the west coast of Nicaragua. Bathymetrical record, 66 fathoms. MUSEUM OF COxMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 75 Halecium argenteum, sp. nov. Plate II. Figs. 18, 13. Trophosome. Stems and main branches polysiphonic, excepting at the outer extremities. The stems are dark brown to black and stout at the base, becom- ing lighter in color and luore delicate towards the tips. The outer parts of the stem and branches are silvery white in color, being, when perfectly clean, almost transparent under the microscope. The colonies are from an inch to an inch and a half in height. The branches are like the stem, are irregularly arranged, and in two of the four specimens lie nearly in one plane. The nodes are at about right angles, and each internode bears a laterally projecting process near its upper end ; this has a terminal opening surrounded by a rim ornamented with the row of glistening dots so commonly found in the Haleciidse. Often a tubular process, apparently a later growth, grows out of this opening ; it is composed of two parts; the lower or proximal is small and thicker toward the inner or stem, side (see Plate II. Fig. 12) ; the distal part is separated from the proximal by a constriction, tapers slightly toward the base, has a simple terminal apei-ture, slightly oblique, and usually shows the definite rim with its row of glistening dots. Gonosome not present. Locality. Station 3384. About 100 miles south of the city of Panama. Bathymetrical record, 458 fathoms. In the character of the internodes, and in the suppression of the hydrophores, this species is allied to H. macroccphalum of AUman. Halecium Beanii is very similar to them both. The .hydrophores are not always suppressed, for the secondary processes shown in Figure 12 must be recognized as such. Sertularia variabilis, sp. nov. Plates IV., v., Figs. 17 to 22 inclusive. Trophosome. Stems sometimes simple, sometimes compound, slightly flexu- ous, usually jointed at the flexures, main branches few and irregularly disposed; a pinnate arrangement of the small branches is in some cases well marked. Color, light horn. The hydrothecse are alternately arranged, usually one to an internode ; they are largest near the base, have a tricuspid margin, which is generally thickened and provided with a three-lobed valve ; they are strongly divergent and very much exserted. The degree to which they are imbedded in the stem varies greatly; in some instances they are scarcely more than attached to the side of the stem, and in others are imbedded nearly a third of their length. Gonosome. The gonangia spring from just below the hydrothecse, are much 76 BULLETIN OF THE elongated, length two and a half to three times their width, the upper portion marked with tive or six rings, the opening terminal and tubular, the pedicel extremely short. Localities. Station 3357, about 140 miles south of Panama. 3384, about 100 miles south of Panama. 3388, about 200 miles southwest of Panama. Bathymetrical record, 458, 782, and 1168 f;ithoms. I agree with Allman that the later knowledge gained of the genera Sertu- laria and Sertularella makes it necessary to unite them, retaining the name Sertularia. This species is in some features similar to Sertularella arboriforviis of Mark- tanner-Turneretscher, but is distinguished from that by the divergence of the hydrothecse and by their being strongly exserted, and by the narrower, longer gonangia; moreover the stems of variabilis are in some cases, even in the largest colony which is five inches in height, monosiphonic throughout, while in others it is polysiphonic save at the extremities. Cryptolaria conferta. This is the most abundant species in the collection. A number of fine colonies, typical specimens, were taken at Station 3357. Gonosome not present. Bathymetrical record, 782 fathoms. Cryptolaria pulchella. A single small specimen was taken at Station 3384. It was first recorded and described by Allman in the Challenger Keports ; a specimen having been collected off HotioIuIu, S. I., in 40 fathoms. Gonosome not present. Bathymetrical record, 458 fathoms. Plumularia helleri. Two specimens of this delicate graceful plumularian were sent in from Station 3384. Bathymetrical record, 458 fathoms. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 77 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE I. Figure 1. Eudendrium, sp. Remnant of a colony springing from a thickened fas- cicled liydrorliiza. Natural size. " 2. Eudendrium, sp. The same species. Natural size. " 3. Obdla castellata, sp. nov. The entire specimen enlarged 10 times. " 4. 0. castellata. A portion of the trophosome. X 52. " 5. 0. castellata. A single liydrotheca in which occurred an uneven line in the exact position for a floor or hottom. The hydrotheca is badly wrinkled. X 52. " 6. 0. castellata. The entire specimen. Natural size. " 7. 0. castellata. A gonangium with its position on tlie stem. X 52. " 8. 0. castellata. Another gonangium in which there is a long wrinkle. X 52. PLATE II. Figure 9. 0. castellata. A gonangium. X 52. " 10. 0. gelatinosa. A gonangium introduced for comparison. X 52. " 11. 0. (jelatinosa. A hydrotheca, for comparison with those of 0. castellata. X 52. " 12. Halecium argenteum, sp. nov. Portion of a branch. X 52. " 13. //. ((ir/enteum. Natural size. PLATE in. Figure 14. LictoreJla geniculata, sp. nov. Part of a stem and branch. X 40. 15. L. geniculata. X 88. " 16. L. geniculata. An entire colony. Natural size. PLATE IV. Figure 17. Sertularia variabilis, sit. nov. A colony with a compound stem. Natural size. " 18. S. variabilis. A colony witli a simple stem. Natural size. " 19. S. variabilis.' A single hydrotheca. v, the valves; o, tlie opening by which it communicates with the cavity of the stem; g, the aperture where the gonangium was attached. X 52. " 20. S. variabilis. A portion of the trophosome with one gonangium. X 20. PLATE V. Figures 21 and 22. Sertularia rariidulis. X 20. "Albatross" Ex 189 I Hydroids.Pl, I. SJC.d.l. BMeisel.liA-Boston Albatross' Ex 1891 Hydrcids Pl II. SfCdel, BMeisel.hih, Boston "Albatross^Ex 189! Hydro IDS Pl III. -^•-c, SFCiri BMei3»; liA-Boslor. BM'-ot: I':':. Hsstai^ No. 7. — The Origin of the Endocardium in Bony Fishes. By Arthuk Tenney Holbrook.^ The muscular walls of the heart iu Vertebrates, it is now universally agreed, come from the mesoderm, but concerning the origin of the endo- thelial lining of that organ investigators diifer widely. An idea of the diversity of opinion in this matter may be formed from the enumeration of the theories which Riickert made in a paper read before the "Anato- mische Gesellschaft " at Leipsic, in 1887. It is true the investigators there mentioned conducted their studies on diffei'ent Vertebrates, but the disagreement is nevertheless significant. Balfour ('73) maintained that the lining of the heart in the Chick came from splanchnic mesoderm ; Rabl ('8G), that in Amphibia it was derived from the endoderm ; while Ciotte ('74) asserted that both endoderm and mesoderm shared iu its for- mation. Blaschek ('85) believed that it was derived from the protover- tebraj, and His that it came from parablastic cells which migi-ate from the yolk ; whereas Riickert himself maintained that the endothelial cells arise from the endoderm of the ventral wall of the primitive gut, as well as from the surrounding splanchnic layer of the mesoblast. The difference of opinion expressed upon this subject by various inves- tigators, even in recent times, makes the topic one of continued interest. There are in Vertebrates, as is well known, two distinct types of heart formation. The first type, that found iu most of the Fishes and in Am- phibians, results from the union of the two lateral plates of the mesoderm in the median plane, the proximal edges of the plates forming the wall of the heart, tlie space between the splanchnic and somatic parts of each plate going to form tlie pericardial cavity. In this type, the formation of the heart is subsequent to the completion of the primitive fore-gut. The second type of formation, that exhibited by Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals,, is different, in that it takes place simultaneously with the formation of the anterior end of the primitive gut, and consists in the Tuiion in the median plane of two lateral blood-vessels, which are pre- viously present in the mesenchyme. The simultaneous folding down- 1 Contributions from tlic Zoillosical Lalioratory of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, under tlie directiun of E. L. Murk, No. XLI. VOL. XXV. — NO. 7. 80 BULLETIN OF THE wards and medianwards of the endoderm and the mesenchyme results in the closure of- the endoderm to form the gut at the same time with the union of the two vessels to form the heart. In the first type^ the endo- thelial lining of the heart is formed by a group of cells which are enclosed by the right and left plates during their union ; in the second type, the lining is already present as a more or less tuljular structure in each of the two blood-vessels before they unite. I have endeavored in what follows to present an account of the early stages in the development of the heart in the cod, supporting my con- clusions by additional evidence from other bony fishes, and have also given an account of the methods which' have seemed to me to bo most useful. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. E. L. Mark for his kind supervision of my work, and to Mr. E. B. Hodge of the New Hampshire Fish Commission and Mr. E. E. Boyer for generously aiding me with material. Methods and Technique. — Handling and Care of Fish Eggs. The proper treatment and care of the eggs is a matter of the utmost importance in studying the embryology of fishes. The cod, fundulus, and shad material which I used had already been carefully prepared and preserved ready for staining and sectioning, but I also made use of the eggs of lake trout, brook trout, and salmon, which were received alive. Eggs of the brook trout can be taken from the middle of September to the middle of November, those of lake trout and Penobscot salmon (Salmo salar) during the latter part of October and through November, while those of the land-locked salmon are best taken later in November and in December. The cod material which I used was taken in December, the fundulus in July, the shad in the latter part of May and first part of June. The method of transporting fish eggs during young stages has received considerable attention from the United States Fish Conmiission ; the method adopted for handling small quantities is as follows. A bed of damp moss containing a quantity of chopped ice is made in a perforated box or pail, and on this bed are laid a few folds of damp mosquito net- ting upon which the eggs are placed. The eggs are then covered by ad- ditional folds of damp netting, and on this in turn ai'e placed more damp moss and ice. Although several layers of eggs can be arranged in this way, -the pressure from above must nut be too great. This arrangement, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 81 it will be seen, gives the two cardinal requisites of plenty of air, through the perforated box and loose nettings and a low temperature. The very young stages are exceedingly delicate, and their transporta- tion always involves the loss of a large proportion of them, since they cannot stand any considerable disturbance or pressure. The older stages are quite hardy. Great care must be taken in handling the eggs, it being well to float them on and off the netting in water. Tliere are several matters that need particular attention in the care of eggs after transportation. They must be placed in a clean receptacle, free from metal, paint, or soluble matter, and in such a way that water can circulate about them. The water, either running or periodically changed, must be: (1) free from foreign substances, so as to prevent the deposition on the eggs of any sediment which would prevent free access of air to the embryo; (2) sufficiently aerated to preserve the embryos alive ; (3) of a temperature which is comparatively uniform, not above 10° C (50° F.) nor below the freezing point. In order to place the eggs in such a position that the water can flow around them, they may be put on netting stretched across the receptacle ; however, they will do well on a clean hard surface, such as glass, espe- cially if they are slightly agitated by tilting the dish carefully once a day. But aside from this they should be disturbed as little as possible, and should never be more than a single layer deep. The purification of the water is eff'ected by means of filters, which are more essential when the water is turbid, or when one wishes to keep the eggs alive for a long time. The common hydrant water of Cambridge may be used for a short time without filtering, but if it is to be used for five or six days a flannel filter is advisable. For more extensive operations, filters of antiseptic " carferal " or char- coal are necessary, because of the presence of small parasites and minute spores, which are very injurious to the eggs. As regards the aeration of the water, it may be said that a simple break in the stream of supply or a dropping of the water is all that is necessary to insure sufficient air for the embryos. Elaborate processes of aeration have been invented, but they are not essential for the limited number of eggs required in labora- tory work. The temperature of the water is a very important matter in the care of salmon and trout eggs, for if it rises above 11° C. the life of the embryo is endangered, though at the higher temperatures (below 11° C.) devel- opment is more rapid. Cases are known where the time of hatching in cod varied from eleven 82 BULLEXm OF THE to tweuty-tvvo days because of differences of temperature. HofFman ('81) gives the following table for herring : — Temperature 3° to 5*^ C, hatched in 40 daj's. il no 4< go a u IK u il ]^QO u Y\° " " 11 " The best results are obtained by keeping an even temperature, as cold as possible without, of course, going below the freezing point. Dead eggs turn opaque, and should be immediately removed from the good ones, since their presence is injurious. In an Appendix is given a description of a simple hatching apparatus which I constructed and found to be satisfactory. It embodies all tlio points essential in caring for fish eggs, from the youngest stages to the time of hatching, and is adapted for use in the laboi'atory and in experimentation. Killing. — Fixing. — Staining. Every student of fish embryology has some favorite method of killing, fixing, and staining. Henneguy recommends that fish eggs be killed in 1% osmic acid, in which the eggs are left for a few minutes, and then transferred to Miiller's fluid for three or four days. While in Midler's fluid the egg membrane is cut with fine scissors and the yolk is allowed to dissolve out. In using this method I found the first obstacle to be due to the fact that the yolk is dissolved out in such a manner as to be sub- sequently precipitated around the eggs, which are thus left imbedded in the precipitated mass. This difficulty can be overcome, however, by cutting the egg membrane in such a way as to catch an air bubble within the egg shell and thus to float the egg in the fluid. Care must be taken, however, that the egg floats in such a position as to keep the entire embryo submerged. Other and more serious obstacles to Henueguy's method are found in the difficulty of staining well after its employment, and in the dissolving out or injury to the parablast, which is of impor- tance in the question here considered. For killing young stages HoflTmau ('82) used osmic acid of from jL% to ^%, and for older ones either 5% bichromate of potassium or picro- sulphuric mixture. Rider ('84 ) objects to the use of chromic acid followed by alcohols, being of the opinion that it coagulates the deutoplasm so as to distort the embryo in a confusing way. I was not very successful witli lloflfman's osmic and bichromate methods. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 83 My "best results were secured with materitd killed in picro-sulphuric acid. The embryos were left for three hours in the fluid and then removed and dehydrated by passing them slowly through successively stronger grades of alcohol from 35% up to 90%. The egg membranes were then carefully punctured or cut. In staining, the eggs were passed through weaker grades of alcohol and then stained for twenty-four iiours in Czokor's cochineal. I found it best to section without attempting to remove the membrane or any of the hardened yolk. The membrane of shad eggs can easily be removed, but that of the other eggs which I studied is so close to the embryo as to make it more or less dangerous to attempt its removal. In endeavoring to remove hardened yollv, too, there is the greatest danger of harm to the embryo by the cracking of the yolk, or by straining it in such a way as to brealv or rupture the embryo, which is very brittle. Great difficulty is experienced in sectioning the material, for parts of the yolk break up and fall out of the section, often carrying the embryo ■with them, while the firm membrane is apt to resist the knife, and fold or break the embryo. A good plan is to have a generous amount of the imbedding substance about the object, and to cause the knife to strike the embryo before it docs the yolk. Thus there is less danger that the embryo will be torn or pushed by the resisting yolk. The Development op the Heart ix the Cod (Gadus viorrhva). The heart of the cod is formed, like that of other Teleosts, in accord- ance with tlie first type referred to in the Introduction, that is, by tlie union in the median plane of the lateral plates of mesoderm. The for- mation takes place slightly posterior to the ear capsule, and with the average rate of development is completed between the ninth and tenth days. The lateral plates can be distinguished even during the second and third days, but only in a region' posterior to that in which the heart is about to be formed. During this early period, the lateral plates, owing to the sinking down of the embryo into the 3'olk, are folded up in such a manner that tiicy are almost vertical and lie pressed against tlie proto- vertebne, instead of being spread out ilat as in most otlier Vertebrates, and as they arc at later stages in the development of the cod (Plate I. Figs. 2 and 4). At this stage the endoderm below the chorda is being folded to form tlie primitive fore-gut (Fig. 2). lichinri the region of the heart the gut is alieady closed, Ijut in the heart region the margins of 84 BULLETIN OF THE the folded endoderm have not yet met, so that the ventral side of the gut still presents an opening at this place. It is difficult to distinguish the difterent parts of the mesoderm (proto- vertebrse and lateral plates) in the region anterior to the ear capsule ; posterior to this region, however, they are plainly definable. At four days (Fig. 3) the closure of the gut has been effected farther forward, and from this time on the conditions at the level of the heart region are complicated by the formation of gill slits. The gut, which elsewhere is a tube only slightly flattened dorso-ventrally and exhibiting a considerable lumen, as shown in Figures 3 to 5, now becomes greatly flattened dorso-ventrally in the gill region, where its walls consist of thin cells so closely applied to one another as to obliterate its lumen ; it here sends out lateral evaginations on either side, which meet corresponding invaginations of the ectoderm, the union with which establishes a direct communication of the gut with the outside. Different stages in the for- mation of the gill slit may be seen in Plate II. Figs. 6-8. As the lateral plates now begin to move toward the median plane, the gut in this region is forced up against the choi-da and toward the neural tube, and is always found to consist of tw6 layers of cells pressed against each other so as to leave scarcely any lumen discernible between them. At the same time, the approaching median edges of the lateral plates, which at first con- sisted of only a single layer of cells, become thickened until they are two or three layers deep. However, it is only at the median fold of the lat- eral plate, where the two layers constituting the inner and outer walls of the lateral mesoderm bend over into each other, that the thickening occurs. The thickness of the lateral plate gradually diminishes laterally until it is composed of only two cell layers separated more or less dis- tinctly by the primitive body cavity (Plate II. Figs. G-8). In many instances the lateral plates in the heart region cannot be traced as far from the median plane as the outer margin of the embryo (margin of neural tube and protovertebra3), and, if distinguisha\)le at all, are repre- sented by only a single layer of cells instead of two (Plate II. Figs. 6 and 7). Farther posterior they extend out beyond the lateral limits of the protovertebrse (compare with Figs. 4 and 5). Embryos from five to six days old (Figs. 6 and 7) show that the plates of the two sides of the body are approaching each other symmetrically, and that there are be- tween their approaching bent ends a consideral)le number of loose cells {i. c. m.). Figure 6 shows that the approaching edges of the plates are becoming thicker, the thickening of the left-hand plate being as yet the result of the enlargement of tiie individual cells only, whereas the right- MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 85 hand plate already shows the beginning of a double row of cells. Figures 7 and 7* show the ends of the plates to be two or three rows thick. The cells lying between the edges of the approaching plates are seen to be arranged somewhat in rows parallel to these edges, this being especially true close to the plates. This condition might lead one to think that the thickening of the plates is due to additions received from these cells. The fact that in the younger stage (Fig. 6) tliere are almost twice as many cells between the ends of the lateral plates as in the later stage (Fig. 8), might also tend to support the idea that these cells add them- selves to the lateral plates ; but it is clear that these loose cells might be pushed by the approaching plates into a position between the lateral plates below and the gut above, and thus caused to extend toward the protovertebrifi ; in fact, cells unquestionably from this source can be seen in this position between the gut and the plates in Figures 6 and 8. In my opinion there is no ground for maintaining that the edges of the two lateral plates receive accessions from the cells that lie between them, for the outlines of the plates can always be distinguished as sharp bounda- ries separating the cells of the plate from those that lie between them. The increase in the number of cells in tlio plates comes exclusively from the division of the cells of the plates themselves. At six and a half days, as shown in Figure 8, the plates are much closer together, and a tendency begins to be seen for the plate of the right side of the embryo (also right in the figure) to push upwards toward the gut and past the end of the left plate, which is at the same time pushing downwards. Tliis condition is continued to the seventh day (Plate III. Fig. 9), •when the edges of the plates are seen to overlap each other for a con- siderable distance. Up to this stage of development the histological condition of the cod is fairly serviceable for study, but after this the elements become very closely packed, the different cell layers and masses being almost indis- tinguishable. Their study, therefore, becomes very difficult. However, the histological conditions of the older stages of development /are not of so much importance in the question of the origin of the heart as are those of the younger stages. I have therefore been able to make out all that is necessary for the present investigation without concerning myself with the histological details of later stages. I could trace the develop- ment accurately enough to show the continued approach of tlic thickened edges of the plates up to the time of their union and the complete estab- lishment of the heart. Figure 10, Plato III., from a cod embryo of seven 86 BULLETIN OF THE and a half days, shows the first evidences of union between the edges of the lateral j)lates, and Figure 1 1 shows their fusion almost completed. The union of the plates first takes place in the region of the otocyst, and thence proceeds both posteriorly and anteriorly, but it does not proceed as rapidly forward as it does backward. The fusion is effected first at the dorsal part of the fundament of the heart. The completion of the closure I have traced in many cases, but as it has little bearing on Ihe present question, I give no figures of the completed heart. It will be seen in Figures 10 and 11 (Plate III.) that the cells, i. c. m., which have been shown to be present between the approaching lateral plates in all stages, are enclosed between the facing walls of the plates when the union of tlie latter is completed. It is these enclosed cells, now in a solid mass, which after a time arrange themselves as a lining to the thick ■walls of the heai-t by the gradual appearance of a lumen in tlie middle of the mass. They form the endocardium, and it is the origin of these cells, therefore, which is still in controversy. This is the problem to which we now have to direct our attention. As Riickert {'SS) has pointed out, many investigators have erred in not giving attention to these cells at a sufficiently early stage in their history. In the later stages there is nothing but the form of the individual cells and their position on which to base a theory of their origin, — the first being uncertain, the second delusive, as investigation of early stages. shows. Observers have seen this mass of cells lying between the two lateral plates at a stage when the plates were too well defined to allow one to attribute to them the production of the mass of cells in question ; since they are, besides, distinctly separated from the rest of the meso- derm, thev have been supposed to originate from the less sharply delined cells of the endoderm, or from the parablast. Rabl ('8G) stated it as his belief that the cells, jiulging from their po- sition, are endodermic. He however said that, before making a final statement, he shoidd like to investigate the matter fiuther. Hoffman ('82), on the other hand, is less guarded in his conclusions ; he announces in his work on Bony Fishes that the cells both in ])osition and form are so much like the parablast, nnd in places are in such close relation with it, that in his mind there is no doubt about their arising as a prolifera- tion of parablastic cells. Returning now to the case of the cod, there is no difficulty in tracing MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 87 the cells in question (i. c. m.) backward in time through the stages shown in Figures 11 to 6, tliat is, to tlie iifth day ; but earlier than that the conditions are much rliore obscure. In the earliest stages at which the difTerent elements can be distin- guished in our sections, — about the third day (Fig. 2), — the fore-gut can be seen partly formed, the lateral plates, the protovertebrte, and a few scattered cells (i. c. m.) between the lower part of the protovertebrse and the lateral plates. In the next stage (Fig. 4), the fore-gut is com- pletely closed, and both the lateral plates and protovcrtebne are foirly well detined. There is now a considerably larger number of scattered cells (i. c. VI.) between the lower margin of the protovcrtebne and the lateral plate. -^ In later stages the flattening out of the fore-gut and the foi'mation of the gill slits in this region make it difficult to homulogize the parts with accuracy ; but, if sections a little posterior to tliis region are examined, a condition is found that is perfectly comparable with the earlier stages in this region. Taking, for instance. Figure 5, which represents a sec- tion 0.09 mm. posterior to the one shown in Figure G, it is possible at once to homologize the fore-gut, the lateral plates, the protovertcbra), and the cells marked i. c. vi., with the structures correspondingly marked in Figure 4. But if it be objected that a comparison of difterent regions proves nothing, one may begin by comparing with Figure 5 sections in the younger of the two stages, 0.09 mm. posterior to that of Figure 4. The homology of the parts is in this instance perfectly clear ; the correspond- ing parts may then be traced in this younger series forward to the sec- tion shown in Figure 4. It will be found that there is no difficulty in identifying the parts which cori'cspond to one another throughout the younger series. It follows, therefore, that the cells /. c. vi. in Figure 5 arc homologous with those so marked in Figure 4, and by a similar method their identity wi;,h the cells thus marked in Figure 2 may be also estal)lislied. If these colls are traced through the sei'ies of sections fi'om which both Figures 5 and 6 are taken, the result is as follows. In passing forward from the region of Figure 5, it is seen tiiat, as the gut becomes flattened 1 The lateral plates are so foliled by the sinking of tlie embryo into the yolk, that their proximal (median) niaririns are, like the eompressed vertebr;e, directed downward (s. 37S. 96 BULLETIN OF THE EXPLANATION OF PLATES. In all cross sections the posterior face of the section is the one drawn, so that right and left in the figure correspond to right and left respectively in the animal. ABBREVIATIONS. au. Auditory vesicle. fs. brn. Gill slit. cav. pi'cr. Pericardial cavity. i. c. in. Intermediate cell-mass. cd. Chorda. int. Intestine. cd. sp. Spinal cord. la. I. Lateral plate. cat. Body cavity. ms'dnii. Mesoderm. ect. Ectoderm. pi. Parablast. end. lin. Endothelial lining of heart. pi. nl. Nuclei of parablast cells, en' drill. Endoderm. pr'vr. Protovertebra. Unless otherwise stated, all figures were drawn from material preserved in Klein- enberg's picro-sulphuric mixture, stained in Czokor's cochineal and magnified about 475 diameters. Figures 1-11 and 16 are of cod embryos; Figures 12-15, of fundulus. PLATE L Fig. 1. Cross section cut | mm. from anterior end of embryo, three days old, 2 mm. long. " 2. Cross section of embryo, same age as that of Figure 1 ; cut about J mm. posterior to the region of that section. " 3. Cross section cut 7/5 mm. from anterior end of embryo, four days old, 1^ mm. long. " 4. Cross section taken a little posterior to that of Figure 3, from the same embryo. " 5. Cross section cut ^^^ mm. from anterior end of embryo. Jive and one half days old, 1 j-% mm. long. PLATE II. Fig. 6. An oblique cross section taken from the region of the forming heart in the same embryo as that of Figure 5, and 90 fj. in front of it. " 7. Cross section cut i mm. from anterior end of embryo, /ire daifs and twenty- two hours old, 2y^ mm. long. " 7". Portion of section shown in Figure 7, magnified about 710 diameters. " 8. Cross section cut f mm. from anterior end of embryo, six and one halfdaijs old, 2^5 mm. long. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 97 PLATE III. .Fig. 9. Cross section cut f mm. from anterior end of embryo, seven days old, 1^ mm. long. " 10. Cross section cut -^g mm. from anterior end of embryo, seven and one half days old, If mm. long. " 11. Cross section cut ^^ mm. from anterior end of embryo, eir/Iit days and four hours old, 2f mm. long. " 12. Cross section cut i mm. from anterior end of fundulus embryo, four and one half days old, 2j'jy mm. long. PLATE IV. Fig. 13. Cross section of a fundulus embryo, six hoars younger tiian that of Figure 12. Cut ill tiie same region. " 14 and 15. Cross sections of tlie same fundulus embryo as tiwit of Figure 13, and from nearly tlie same region. " 16. Cross section through tlie heart of a cod embryo, niiie and one half days old. PLATE V. Diagram of an apparatus for batching fisli eggs. For explanation, see text, pages 93, 94. H.OLB rook:.- Endocardium Pl.1 N. 3. ,-ei sp. /ir fr /»/-^-,-... /..M" '.'? cm'. ,.«*' ■'■')^' ■>-- & hi. fm^'-^^-^^ <"'/ sn -•■« reel. »; ///./. ^. .^N ( ^ " ..'at ....prvr. -V, '- ~i?^ cd.sp Ja /. A.THdel. BMeisrel.lith.Bosian f\..n. .t4>W -M^m^ ,:cl >!/>- /vAr// ,-1 f I'm! ',.;, ■ 'abS> "i^ j^ • ,<■ ' ■.;i ' ■•«<.; LC.n'. ^^-.N^A "i triTi' i.r.rii ■^"^C^"'^''' /ir'yr r(/ "-^ ' Inl ■pi ■'(it ^ - ' # . k\*^^ ..^ n'--0^y-:- ' ic'.-^ • . ■ > ' ' • ■/.-■J' pr'vr. A.TK.d ' t5iiW!?e: iitn.fSosl.jr. f '? 1 pirr: H C L H R 0 0 K - C. N D 0 CARD i U M PlJll. ■ - - . . I V ;':.&^^fJ^ ^/^/. //. rtti'./'i rr ^>^^ i.rin iftt. pi rU. ATH del. B M">iss'..!iiK.Bos',on. :--0L3H00K-r.XDOCARDIUM I'lM xy. cri^p i\ prvn Ctrl. Mi X .:_■•-- - , ', ^\\fV -■^-\f< cd. iWCa *\ ;rj=- _.# V- — ^vp-- eHtlrm. '^^''W~ \ / IS. rn^r '"'■ < "^■^. ^^; cd. ::>^'.' I>rvr. t * C3 ^ '* » * V aLsp. Jff. 'W'-'- # .OS :i ■if^ cd. \ 3 >.J^3»A^ 1%. ■ ';■ *v^:» V -it >V Al/ e/i'cl/in M ATHdel. ffi s D Q DC < o o Q 2; W I W o o tC pq o z 0 I- u Id 2 < a: < 0) 3 I- < < a Q. < 0 z r 0 I- < (!) (i) uJ r 0) No. 8. — Rcpoi'ts on the Drcd(jing Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in tlie Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on hy the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ''Albatross," during 1891, LiEUT. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Conimanding. [Published by Permission of Marshall McDoxald, U. S. Fish Commissioner] XIV. The Pelagic Schizopoda. By Arnold Ortmann. EUPHAUSIACEA. Thysanopoda agassizi, nov. spec. Form of body rather stout. Antero-lateral angles of the carapace rectan- gular, rounded, and wjthout a denticle. The lateral margins without denticles. Rostral projection triangular, sharply pointed, longer than the eyes. Anterior part of the carapace slightly keeled above. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of the abdomen projecting posteriorly as acute dorsal spines. Sixth segment somewhat longer than the preceding. Preanal spine small, simple. Eyes moderate. The first joint of the antennular peduncle furnished at the distal end with a dorsal cushion-like, densely hispid elevation. This eleva'^^ion pro- jects forward as an acute, somewhat outwardly directed, spine-like lappet, nearly as long as the second joint. The outer anterior corner of the first joint bears a smaller spine. The second joint projects forward as a spine-like lappet similar to the first joint. The outer corner of the antennal scale bears a denticle. Telson with 10 to 12 pairs of dorsal denticles, inner plate of the uropoda shorter than the outer, the latter as long as the telson. Length, 19 mm. This species is related by the long spine-like lappets of the antennuljE to Th. monacantha Ortmann, and by the hispid cushion of the first joint of the antennulai to Th. obtusifrons Sars. But it may be recognized by the acute rostrum, the absence of lateral denticles on the carapace, and the presence of tliree dorsal abdominal spines. VOL. XXV. — NO. 8, 100 BULLETIN OF THE Stations of the " Albatross " ^ : — 3382. 200 fathoms. t (Gulf of Panama, 60 miles from the 100 fathom line.) One specimen. 3414. Surface to 200 fathoms.* (Between Galapagos and Acapulco, 350 miles from land.) One specimen. Nyctiphanes australis G. O. Sars. Challenger Schizopoda, 1885, p. 115, PI. XX., PI. XXI. figs. 1-7. Stations of the " Albatross " : — March 7, 1891.- 8.30 p. m. Surface. (Gulf of Panama.) Hyd. 2619. Surface to 1,000 fathoms, open part of net. (Off Galera Point.) 3388. Surface to 400 fathoms, open part of net ; nothing in the closed part towed at 400 fathoms. (Gulf of Panama, 25 miles from land) 3409. Surface. (Bindloe I., Galapagos.) 3435. Surface. (Gulf of California). Stations of the "Survey" (between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands ^) : — 52. Surface. 54. Surface. Long. 129" 5' W. ; Lat. 35" 3' 30" N. 74. Surface. Long. 133° 56' 30" W. ; Lat. 30° 4' 30" N. 542. Surface. Long. 124° 57' 30" W. ; Lat. 35° 31' N. Geographical Distribution. The "Challenger" obtained this species in the Australian seas, on the surface, at night (off East Moncoeur Isl., Bass Strait ; off Cape Howe; oflf Port Jackson). The above named stations show that it is not restricted to the Australian seas. ^ For a list of stations and chart of the route of the "Albatross," see A. Agassiz, Bull. M. C. Z., XXIIL No. 1, p. 4 and PI. III., 1892. t Indicates that the specimen came from the depth noted in the closed part of tlie Tanner tow-net. * Surface to 200 fathoms, or surface to xxx fatlioms, hereafter indicates that the specimen was brought up in the open part of the Tanner deep-sea tow-net, and that, except as in the Gulf of California at no great distance from the coast in a closed area, nothing was found in the closed part of the Tanner net when towed at sea :it 300 fathoms or any greater depth, so that specimens brought up in the open part of the net probably came from a depth of less than 300 fathoms. — A. Agassiz. See Bull M. C. Z., XXIII No. 1, 1892. 2 A number of pelagic Schizopods collected by the "Albatross" during the survey of the route for a submarine cable between San Francisco and the Sand- wich Islands have been examined by Dr. Ortmann, and are included in this report. A. Agassiz. MUSEUM OF COMPAUATIVE ZOOLOGY. 101 Euphausia splendens Dana. G. 0. Sars, Cliallenger ScliizopoJa, 1885, p. 80, PI. XIII. figs. 7-17. The rostral margin is somewhat less produced than in Sars's Figure 15. The structure of the antennulae is very characteristic ; the joints of the peduncle are not provided with lobes, and from the dorsal face of the first joint springs' a fascicle of strong curved setse. Survey stations (between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands) : — • 540. Surface to 300 fathoms. Lat. 35=' 19' 30" N. ; Long. 125° 21' 30" W. 541. Surface to 300 fathoms. Lat. 35° 25' 30" N. ; Long. 125° 9' 30" W. 542. Surface. Lat. 35° 31' N. ; Long. 124° 57' 30" W. 543. Surface. Lat. 35° 36' 30" N. ; Long. 124° 45' 30" W. Geographical Distribution. Tropical and Southern Pacific ; Southern Atlantic. Euphausia mucronata G. 0. Sars. Cliallenger Schizopoda, 1885, p. 87, PI. XV. figs. 9-11. Stations of the " Albatross " : — March 7, 1891. 8.30 p.m. Surface. (Gulf of Panama.) Hyd. 2619. Surface to 300 fathoms, and surface to 1,000 fathoms. (Ofif Galera Point). 3382. 200 fathoms, t (Gulf of Panama.) 3388. Surface to 400 fathoms. (Gulf of Panama, 25 miles from land.) 3412. Surface. (Wenman L, Galapagos.) 3414. Surface to 200 fathoms, and surface to 300 f;ithoms. (Between Galapagos and Acapulco, 350 miles from land.) 13° 33' 30" N.; 97° 57' 30" W. 8 p. ni. Surface. (Between Galapagos and Acapulco, 250 miles S. E. of Acapulco.) 3416. Surface to 300 fathoms. (Near Acapulco.) 120 miles N. W. Acapulco. Surface to 175 fathoms. Off Guaymas. Surface to 500 fathoms. (Gulf of California.) Geographical Distribution. This species has been previously captured only by the " Challenger "; South Piicitic, olf the coast of Chili, surface. Euphausia pellucida Dana. Cr. 0. Sars, Challenger Scliizopork, 1885, p. 75, PI. XL, XII. Ortmann, Decap. u. Scliizop. Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 11. Stations of the " Albatross " : — March 7, 1891. 8.30 p. m. Surface. (Gulf of Panama.) 3388. Surface to 400 fathoms. (Gulf of Panama, 28 miles from land.) 102 BULLETIN OF THE Hyd. 2628. Surface to 200 fathoms. (Between Cape San Francisco and Galapagos) . 3409. Surface. (Bindloe I., Galapagos.) 3412. Surface. (Wennian I., Galapagos.) 3414. Surface to 100 fathoms. - Surface to 200 fathoms. I Between Galapagos and Acapulco, Surface to 300 fathoms. [ 350 miles from land. At 200 fathoms. J 13° 33' 30" N. ; 97° 57' 30" W. 8 p. m. Surface. (Between Galapagr)s and Acapulco, 250 miles from land.) 3416. Surface to 300 fathoms. (Near Acapulco). 3434. Surface. (Gulf of California.) 50 miles south Guaymas. Surface to 700 fathoms. Off Guaymas. Surface to 500 fathoms. •"Survey " stations (between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands) : — 165. Surface. Lat. 30° 23' N. ; Long. 140° 26' 30" W. 542. Surface. Lat. 35° 31' N. ; Long. 124° 57' 30" W. 543. Surface. Lat. 35° 36' 30" N. ; Long. 124° 45' 30" W. Geographical Distribution. Cosmopolitan : Arctic, North, Central, and South Atlantic, Antarctic, South and Central Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Euphausia diomedese, nov. spec. Frontal part of the carapace produced as a broad triangular-pointed plate, arched over the eyes, and covering their peduncles. Anterior part of carapace with a sharp keel, the lateral margins with two denticles on each side. Seg- ments of the abdomen smooth, without spines. Sixth segment longer than the preceding. Preanal spine tridentate. Eyes of moderate size. Basal joint of antennulse with a projecting leaflet above, divided into two lappets at the top. Outer corner of the antennal scale unarmed. Subapical spines of the telson finely denticulated at inner edge. Inner plate of uropoda a little longer than outer, both shorter than the telson. This species agrees with E. pcllacida in most respects, but the rostral plate is very different, being in E. pcllucida acutely produced and not broadly arched over the peduncles of the eyes. Perhaps E. diomcdcce might be better re- garded as a variety of E. pellucida. Station of the " Albatross " : — 3409. Surface. (Bindloe I., Galapagos.) Two specimens, associated with E. pellucida. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 103 Euphausia gibboides Ortmann. Deoap. u. Schizop. Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 12, PI. I. fig; 5. Stations of the " Albatross " : — Hyd. 2627. Surface to 1,770 fathoms. (Between Cape San Francisco and Galapagos.) Ilyd. 2628. Surface to 200 fathoms. (Between Cape San Francisco and Galapagos, about 250 miles from the Galapagos.) "Survey" station (between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands): — 540. Surface to 300 fathoms. Lat. 35° 19' 30" N. ; Long. 125° 21' 30" W. Geographical Distribution. This species was obtained by the "Plankton Expedition " in the tropical part of the Atlantic, between 0 and 500 meters. Euphausia gracilis Dana. G. 0. Sars, Challenger Schizopoda, 1885, p. 89, PI. XV. figs. 12-23. Ortmann, Decap. u. Schiz. Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 13. Stations of the " Albatross " : — Hyd. 2628. Surface to 200 fathoms. (Between Cape San Francisco and Galapagos, about 250 miles from the Galapagos.) 3409. Surface. (Bindloe I., Galapagos.) 3412. Surface. (Wenman I., Galapagos ) Geographical Distribution. Central Atlantic; Tropical Pacific; Austra- lian seas ; Celebes Sea. Surface to about 1,000 meters. Nematoscelis megalops G. 0. Sars. G. 0. Sars, Chall. Schiz. 1885, p. 127, PI. XXIII. figs. 5-10. Ortmann, Plankton Exp., 1893, p. 15. "Survey" stations (between San Franci.sco and the Sandwich Islands): — 540. Surface to 300 fathoms. Lat. 35° 19' 30" N. ; Long. 125° 21' 30" W. 541. Surface to 300 fathoms. Lat. 35° 25' 30" N. ; Long. 125° 9' 30" W. Geographical Distribution. North Atlantic ; Greenland, Nova Scotia, British coa.sts ; Southern subtropical Atlantic. Nematoscelis microps G. 0. Sars. G. 0 Sars, Chall. Schiz. 1885, p. 131, Pi. XXV. figs. 1-4. Ortmann, Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 16. The identification of this species is somewhat doubtful, since in none of the specimens are the elongated legs preserved. 104 BULLETIN OF THE Stations of the " Albatross ": — 3382. 200 fathoms. t (Gulf of Panama, about 60 miles from the 100 fathom line.) Hyd. 2619. Surface to 1,000 fathoms. (Off Galera Point.) Hyd. 2627. Surface tp 1,770 fathoms. (Between Cape San Francisco and Galapagos.) Hyd. 2628. Surface to 200 fathoms. (Between Cape San Francisco and Galapagos.) 3414. Surface to 200 fathoms, and surface to 300 fathoms. (Be- tween Galapagos and Acapulco, about 250 miles from land. 3416. Surface to 300 fathoms. (Near Acapulco.) 50 miles South Guaymas. Surface to 700 fathoms. Off Guaymas. Surface to 500 fathoms. Geographical Distribution. North Atlantic; Mediterranean; Central Atlantic. Surface and 600-800 meters. Nematoscelis tenella G. 0. Sars. G. 0. Sars, Chall. Scliiz. 1885, p. 133, PI. XXV. figs. 5-7. Ortmann, Plankton Exp. 1803, p. 16. 12° 34' N.; 97° 21' W. (Between Galapagos and Acapulco.) Geographical Distribution. Central Atlantic ; Cape of Good Hope ; Philippine Islands. Surface to 650 m. Stylocheiron abbreviatum G. 0. Sars. G. 0. Sars, Chall. Schiz 1885, p. 147, PI. XXVII. figs. 11-13. Ortmann, Plankton Exp., 1893, p. 17. Hyd. 2619. Surface to 300 fathoms. (Off Galera Point.) Geographical Distribution. Mediterranean ; Tropical Atlantic ; Sub- tropical Pacific (north of the Sandwich Islands). Surface to considerable depths : 1,300-1,500 meters (Plankton Exp)., 600-1,200 meters (Chun). Stylocheiron suhmi G. O. Sars. G. 0. Sars, Chall. Schiz., 1885, p. 142, PI. XXVIl. fig. 1-4. Ortmann, Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 17. In none of the specimens are the elongated legs preserved, but this species is recognizable by the form of the eyes. Stations of the " Albatross " : — 3388. Surface to 400 fathoms (open part of net, nothing in closed part at 400 fms ). (Gulf of Panama, 25 miles from land.) MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 105 Hyd. 2628. Surface to 200 fathoms. (Between Cape San Francisco and Galapagos, about 250 miles from the Galapagos.) 3414. Surface to 300 fathoms. (Between Galapagos and Acapulco, 350 miles from land.) 12° 34' N. 97° 21' W. (Between Galapagos and Acapulco, about 300 miles S. E. of Acapulco). Geographical Distribution. Central Atlantic, Pacific; New Guinea and Philippine Islands. Surface and 1,300-1,500 meters. Stylocheiron flexipes Ortmank. Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 18, PI. I. fig. 7. Stations of the "Albatross": — 3382. 200 fathoms. t (Gulf of Panama, about 60 miles from the 100 fm. line.) Hyd. 2627. Surface to 1,770 fathoms (open part of net). (Between Cape San Francisco aftd Galapagos.) Geographical Distribution. Central Atlantic, between surface and 500 m. MYSIDACEA. BOREOMYSIS G. 0. Sars. Sijnopsis of the known Species. nj Eyes of the usual structure, with visual elements. I'l Eye-peduncles conical or fusiform, cornea moderately or not at all expanded, not projecting laterally beyond the carapace. Cj Frontal margin produced to a sharp rostrum or pointed in the middle, dj No lateral frontal spines over the eyes. e^ Eye-peduncle conical, cornea somewhat expanded. Rostrum well developed. fj Eye-peduncle not prolonged as a tubercle over the cornea, gi Rostrum lient upwards. 1. B. arriicn (Kroyer). Greenland, Norway, 200-400 fathoms. (Cf. r;. 0. Sars, Monogr. Norg. Mys. 3, 1879, p. 10, PI. XI.-XIII. gg Rostrum perfectly horizontal. 2. B. nnhills G. O Sars. Spitzbergen Sea, 459 fathoms. (Den Norske Nordhavs Exp. Zool. Crust. 1885, p. 54, PI. V. figs. 22-28.) fj Eye-peduncle prolonged to a sharp tubercle over the cornea. 3. B. ni/if'iirnic'i n. sp. Gulf of California. lOG BULLETIN OF THE Cj Eye-peduncle t'usiibrni, cornea very small, not expanded. Rostrum represented by a small pointed projection. 4. B. microps G. O. Sars. Soutli of Nova Scotia, 1,250 fathoms. (Chall. Scliizop. 18«5, p. 184, PL XXXllL figs. 7-10.) dj A lateral frontal spine over each eye, therefore the frontal margin tliree-spined. Eye-peduncle conical, cornea expanded. 6. B. tridens G. 0. Sars. Norway, 300-400 fatlioms. (Monogr. Norg. Mysid. 3, 1879, p. 10, Tl. XIV.) Cj Frontal margin obtusely rounded, without a rostral spine. Eye- peduncles conical, cornea expanded. 6. B obtusata G. O. Sars. Nortli Pacific, 345 and 2,740 fathoms. (Chall. Schizop. 1885, p. 182, PI. XXIII. figs. 1-6.) bj Eye-peduncles constricted, very thin and cylindrical at the base. Cornea greatly expanded, pnjjectiiig laterally considerably beyond the carapace. Frontal margin obtusely pointed, without a rostrum. 7. B. mefjdlops G. 0 Sars. Norway, 80-200 fathoms. (Monogr. Norg. Mysid. 3, 1879, p. 18, PI. XV., XVI.) a^ Eyes imperfectly developed, calyciform, without pigment or visual elements. 8. B. scijphops G. O. Sars. Arctic and Antarctic, deep-sea. (Nordhavs Exp. 1885, p. 56, PI. VL Chall. Schiz. 1885, p. 178, PI. XXXII. figs. 10-20.) Boreomysis californiQa, nov. spec. This new species agrees so closely in almost every regard with B. ardica, that it is useless to give a detailed descripticm. The only diflerence I observe is the peculiar character of the eye, whose cornea is somewhat less expanded, and whose peduncle is prolonged over the cornea as a sharp conical tubercle. The color of the cornea is pale brown, as in B. arctica (pigmento fulvescente). It is somewhat doubtful whether this species belongs to the genus Boreo- mysis or to a new genus. The rudimentary condition of the pleopods and the want of male appendages to the antennulpe show that the specimens are females, but the incubatory lamellte are not developed. In the largest specimen I observe at the base of the legs seven pairs of very little leaflets, which may be the seven pairs of incubatory lamellae characteristic of the genus Boreomysis, and there- fore I believe that this specimen, and also the two smaller ones, which do not show these leaflets, are not fully developed females. On the other hand, in case they are males, this species must be the representative of a new genus agree- ing with tl?e genera Mysidella and Heteromysis in the rudimentary condition of the male pleopods, but diff'ering in the structure of the other appendages which are normally developed here. 50 miles south of Guaymas (Gulf of California). Surface to 700 fathoms. (From the open part of net.) Three specimens. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 107 Siriella thompsoni (Milne-Edwards). G. 0. Sars, Chall. Schiz. 1885, p. 205, PI. XXVI. figs. 1-24. Oitmann, Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 23. " Survey stations" (between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands): — 74. Surface. Lat. 3(»° 4' 30" N. ; Long. 133° 56' 30' W. 133. Surface (females only). Lat. 32° 35' N.; Long. 135° 3' W. 165. Surface (males only). Lat. 30° 23' N ; Long. 180° 26' 30" W. Geographical Distribution. Tropical and subtropical seas, surface ; Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Siriella gracilis Dana. Cf. G. 0. Sars, Cliall. Scliizop. 1885, p. 209, PI. XXXVI. fig. 25-28. Galapagos : Charles Island, surface. 13° 33' 30" N.; 97° 57' 30" W. 8 p. ni. Surf\ice. (Between Galapagos and Acapulco, about 250 miles S. E. of Acapulco. Geographical Distribution. Restricted up to the present to the Tropical Pacitic. All the specimens were taken at the surface of the sea. Eucheetomera typica G. O. Sars. G. 0. Sars, Cliall. Schiz., 1885, p. 211, PI. XXXVII. figs. 1-20. Ortmann, Plankton Exp. 1893, p. 23. Ilyd. 2619. Surface to 300 fathoms. (Off Galera Point. Nothing in closed part of net at 300 fathoms.) Geographical Distribution. Tropical xVtlantic and Northern subtropical Pacilic, surface. 108 BULLETIN OF THE Observations on the Vertical Distribution of Schizopoda. The following species were taken at the surface : — station. Time. March 7. 8.30 p. m. Gulf of Panama. 340f). 7.24 p. m. Off Brinloe Isl., Galapagos. 3412. 9 p. ni. Off Wenman Isl., Galapagos. 13° 33' 30" N.; 8 p.m. 97° 57' 30" W. About 250 miles S. E. of Acapulco. 3434. 10.14 a. m. Gulf of California, off Altata. 3435. 8.56 a. m. Gulf of California, off Carmen Lsl. Number of Spccimtus. Nyctiphanes australis. 5 EuphausJia mucronata. 9 Enphausia pellucida. Many. Nyctiphanes australis. 2 Euphausia pellucida. 10 Euphausia dioraedese. 2 Euphausia gracilis. Many. Euphausia mucronata. Many. Euphausia pellucida. Many. Euphausia gracilis. 27" Euphausia mucronata. 12 Euphausia pellucida. Man3% Siriella gracilis. 1 Euphausia pellucida. 1 Nyctiphanes australis. 8 jun. In the first place one observes that all surface catches which contain a con- siderable number of specimens were made at niglit, that is to say after sunset. The catches at Stations 3434 and 3435, made in the forenoon, contain but few specimens. In all the other catches made in the daytime the Schizopoda are wanting. This fact shows again that the pelagic Schizopoda live at the surface of the sea chiefly in the night, especially the species Nyctiphanes australis, Euphausia mucronata, pellucida, and gracilis. Other hauls made between surface and various depths contain the following species taken in the open part of the Tanner net : — Depth. station. 0-100 fathoms. 3414. 350 miles S. E. of Acapulco. 120 miles N. W. Acapulco. Hyd 2628. 250 miles from the Galapagos., 3414. 350 miles S. E. of Acapulco. 0-175 fathoms. 0-200 fathoms. Euphausia pellucida. Euphausia mucronata. Thysanopoda agassizi. Euphausia rtiucronata. Euphausia pellucida. Euphausia gibboidos. Euphausia gracilis. NematoRcelis microps. Stylocheiron suhnii. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 109 Depth. Station. 0-300 liithoins.* Hyd. 2619. Off Galera Point. 3414. 350 miles S. E. of Acapulco. 3416. 25 miles S. E. of Acapulco. 0-100 fathoms.* 3388. Gulf of Panama, 25 miles from land. O-500 fathoms Off Guaymas, from open part of net. 0-700 fathoms. 50 miles S. of Guaymas, from open part of net. 0-1,000 fathoms. Hyd. 2619. Off Galera Point, from open part of net. 0-1,770 fathoms. Hyd. 2627. Between Cape San Francisco and the Galapagos (nothing in closed part of net). Euphausia mucronata. Euphausia pellucida. Nematoscelis microps. Stylocheiron abbreviatum, Stylocheiron suhmi. Euchaetomeia typica. Nyctiphanes australis. Euphausia mucronata. Euphausia pellucida Stylocheiron suhmi. Euphausia mucronata. Euphausia pellucida. Nematoscelis microps. Euphausia pellucida, Nematoscelis microps. Nyctiphanes australis. Euphausia mucronata. Nematoscelis microps. Euphausia gibboidos. Nematoscelis microps. Stylocheiron flexipes.* This series shows that the catches in the open part of the Tanner net to depths of more than 300 fathoms do not contain more species than those between 0 and 300 fathoms. It is also to be noted, that the hauls to 500 and more fathoms* contain a remarkably small number of species. All the species obtained by the hauls extending from the surface to greater depths than 300 fathoms certainly occur, as is shoivn by other catches, in depths less than 300 fathoms, and it is very probable, that they occurred also in the same lesser depth here ; especially Euphausia mucronata, pellucida, and gracilis, Nematoscelis mi- crops, and others. From 200 fathoms were obtained in the closed part of the Taimer tow-net, in the Gulf of Panama, about 60 miles from the 100 fathom line (Station 3382), Thysanopoda agassizi, 1 specimen, Euphausia mucronata, 6 specimens, Nematoscelis microps, many specimens, Stylocheiron flexipes, 3 specimens. 1 It ehould be borne in mind that at no station at sea did the closed part of the Tanner net bring up anything from a depth of 300 fathoms. — A. Agassiz. 2 Nothing in the closed part of the Tanner net when towed at 400 fathoms. ' Is also found at Station 3382, in 200 fathoms, in the Gulf of Panama. * All of which come from the open part of the Tanner net, the closed part of the net having at no station at sea brought up anything. — A. Agassiz. 110 BULLETIN CF THE Very interesting is the Station 3414,' at 11.14 a. m., 350 miles S. E. of Aca- pulco. Here were obtained in the open part of the Tanner net : — Number of speciuiuiis. 0-100 fathoms. Euphausia pelhicida. 3 0-200 fathoms. Thysanopoda agassizi. 1 Euphausia mucronata. 2 Euphausia peUucida. 32 Nematoscelis microps. 1 0-300 fathoms (nothing in Euphausia mucronata. 4 the closed part of the Tanner Euphausia peUucida. :17 net towed at that depth 15 Nematoscelis microps. 5 minutes). Stylocheiron snhmi. 2 Euphausia pellmida is the only species which comes in the daytime, although in small numbers, near the surface of the sea, the other species swim- ming at a greater depth. And, indeed, most of the E. lielluchla are found l)y day at a greater depth than 100. fathoms. On the other hand the catch from 0 to 300 fathoms contains no more specimens of this species than that from 0 to 200 fathoms. It is therefore very probable that most specimens of E. ■pdlucida swim during the daytime in depths from 100 to 200 fathoms. It seems that the species E. mucronata and Nematoscelis microps are under analogous conditions ; they are wanting in the daytime in the zone of M-ater above 100 fathoms, but in the zone between 100 and 300 fathoms they are present. Since other species are but rarely contained in the several catches, it is impos- sible to get a good idea of their vertical distribution. But according to existing data one may conclude that the most important and most abumlant Schizopoda, especially the species of the genus Euphausia, live in the daytime in a dcplli from about 100 to 200 or 300 i'athoms, and ascend at night to the surface." 1 This locality, 350 miles from the nearest land, was the one selected for testing tlie vertical distribution of the pelagjic fauna by towing with the Tanner deepsoa tow-net at depths of 100, 200, and 300 fathoms during the morning hours when tlic surface species would naturally have sunk. See Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXIII. No. 1, p. 52. — A. Agassiz. 2 This agrees witli the well known paucity of the surface fauna during the bright liours of the day. Nearly all pelagic material is collected more abundantly at night. — A. Agnssiz. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Hi EXPLAXATIOX OF TLATE. Fig. 1. Thijsanopoda agassizi, nov. spec, lateral view, |. Fig. 2. " " frontal margin, eyes, antennula;, and antennal scale, f . Fig. 3. Eiiphausia dioinedecF, nov. spec, frontal margin, eyes, antennulte, and antcnnal scale, ^f-. Boreoint/sis californlca, nov. spec, a young female, lateral view, |. antennula {!>), if-. antenna (r), Y. mandibula {d), ?f-. " first maxilla {(), \0-. " " second maxilla (/), \". " " maxilliped or first cormopod (i;), cpipodite omitted, -'j^. " " second cormopod (/(), ^j-. third cormopod (/), Y- uropod {n), if-. Fig. 14. " " telson (s), if. Fig 4. Fig- 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9, Fig. 10. Fig. 11, Fig. 12. Fig. 13. ^^ §:> n i 1 ';' m^ mO % i No. 9. — Cruise of the Steam Yacht "Wild Duck " in the Bahamas, January to April, 1893, in Charge c/ ALEXANDER AgassiZ. II. Notes on the Shells collected from the Shores of the Great Lagoon, Watling Island, Bahamas. By William H. Dall. Some years ago Dr. Brown of Sheboygan, Wisconsin, sent a small box of beach drift to the Smithsonian Institution from Watling Island lagoon ; subsequently the U. S. Fish Commission touched at the island, and some one scraped up about a pint of similar material from the same place ; lastly, Professor Agassiz placed in ray hands for examination a small quantity of analogous material collected by himself in the winter of 1893-94. As the total number of species is very small, and their interest great, I have, with his permission, made a full list of the species derived from all sources. These mollusks are of two categories, those which live in the lagoon, and those which live on its shores, both being mingled in the drift about its margin. Each series will be separately considered. THE MARINE SPECIES. The marine mollusks which live in the waters of the lagoon are all more or less peculiar, and seem to indicate by their characters that they have been de- rived by a more or less direct modification from recent species living normally in the sea about the island. The number of lagoon species is quite small, and they are all markett by (1) tenuity of shell ; (2) diminutive size ; and (3), when colored at all, by brilliancy of color, as compared ^\^th their nearest relatives in the adjacent sea. It seems natural to ascribe these peculiarities to some general cause operating upon all alike. Mytilus domingensis Oreigny. This is perhaps the M. exustus L. The specimens are thin, metallic purple and white, narrower and straighter in form than those which grow in the open sea. The species is wide spread in the Gulf and Antillean region. VOL XXV. — NO. 9. 114 BULLETIN OF THE Avicula atlantica Lamarck. The specimens are all small, very thin, bright colored, and mostly of a yellowish tint. They seem abundant. The normal form extends from Cape Hatteras to Rio de Janeiro, Perna obliqua Lamarck Except in their small size, these are hardly different from the common form of the species, which has a wide distribution in Florida and the Antilles. Tellina mera (Say) IIanley This is a small white shell, which seems common in the lagoon, and is slightly thiinier and smaller than the outside examples of the species. It ex- tends from the Florida Keys to South America. Cyrena colorata Prime. Though having well established characters, this species is closely related to C floridana Conrad, from which it may perhaps be descended. It is known only from the lagoons of South Florida and the Bahamas. It is extremely thin, and varies from white to dark brown, bright pink, purple, bright orange or lemon-yellow, etc., generally diffused, or distributed in concentric zones. Venus (Anomalocardia) leptalea n sp Figure 5. This is another form strictly confined to the lagoons. It is closely related to V (A.) rostmta Sby., which is its open-sea representative, and which was first described l)y Conrad from Florida under the name of Venus cuneimcris (Proc. Acad. Phila., III. 24, Plate I. Fig. 13, 1845). From the latter V. Iqitaka differs by its smaller size (13-16 mm.), papery thinness, less impressed dorsal areas, its concentric ri1« represented by elevated lamella;, instead of rounded wavelets, and its color by zigzag lines, rather than radiating bands. The vari- ations in outline are about the same in both ; there are no traces in V. leptalea of radiating sculpture, the dorsal areas are usually dark, even if the rest of the valve is pale, the hinge is very feeble and the pallial .sinus obsolete. The group is also known as Cnjptocjramma Miirch. Haminea antillarum Oubigny. A single depauperate specimen has been received. Common in the Antilles. MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 115 Tornatina parviplica n. sp. Figure 8. This species resembles T. recta Orb. in a general way, especially when young, and is distinguishable from it by its more rounded surface between the sutures of the spire, and by the obsolete plait on the pillar; the adult is a much thinner yet wider shell than T. recta, and reaches a length of 6.5 and a width of 3.25 mm., with five whorls, beside the projecting sinistral nucleus. The spire is moderately elevated, the top of the last whorl Hattish, but witliout canaliculation i the surface is faintly marked with lines of growth, not polished, and entirely without spiral sculpture. The umbilicus is not perforate, and the plait is formed by the twisting of the thickened pillar, not superposed upon the pillar. It is only known from the lagoons. Assiminea Auberiana Okbigxy. A single normal specimen of this species turned up. It is known from the Antilles generally, and from South Florida. Cerithium (Pyrazus) Rawsoni Krebs. Figure 13. This is anotlier form strictly confined to the lagoons, and has the thin shell and mottled purple and brown coloration shown by a number of the lagoon shells. Its open sea analogue is C. niutabile C. B. Adams. The original speci- mens of Rawsoni were of doubtful origin, but it is now well known to be from the Bahama lagoons. Cerithium (Pyrazus) septemstriatum Say, var. degeneratum Dall. Figure 11. These thin shelled, brightly colored, abnormally small specimens still retain enough of their characters in some individuals to be referred to septemstriatum as a variety, characterized by intensity of color and general depauperation in other features. The axial sculpture is almost entirely lost, but the fine spiral striation is as usual unaffected by these changes. Tlie colors are chiefly bluish white, purplish brown, and various shades of gray, which are prettily mingled in a variety of patterns. The shells are usually about 12 mm. long, not one fourth the size of the open-sea septemstriatum, yet their varialiility is so great and the chain of intermediates so complete that T cannot regard the lagoon form as having reached the p(nnt of specific distinctness. The species is widely distributed in the Antilles and on the coast of the United States. 116 BULLETIN OF THE Cerithidea tenuis Pfeiffer. This little shell is perhaps the most abundant ot the lagoon gastropods, and is obviously connected by no very extended links vfith. the open-sea C. costata Wood, from which it differs by its smaller and thinner shell, and its brighter brown and white coloration, disposed in spiral bands rather than generally diffused as in C. costata. C, tenuis is only known from the lagoons. This completes the list of the marine species of Watling Island lagoon, and, as far as known, the same forms appear in other lagoons of the Baliamas, though much exploration is still needed to make the enumeration exhaustive. THE TERRESTRIAL SPECIES. These are certainly less influenced by the special conditions of the lagoon than those species which live immersed in its waters ; yet the conditions re- ferred to do aft'ect all species exposed to them, and the terrestrial fauna is for this reason not without its peculiarities. Several of the species are confined to analogous localities in the same general region, and in this sense most of them are very local. A few of those found are very widely distributed, V)ut these may be accidental for this particular locality. The presence of a Planorhis, the only representative of a fresh-water fauna, is highly interesting, though not as inexplicable as the presence of Physa in the rain-water tanks at Bermuda, which was demonstrated by the observations of Dr. G. Brown Goode, and at Arthurstown, Cat Island, where a specimen was collected by Dr. Brown. Helix (Microphysa) vortex Pfeiffer. Apparently not uncommon. It is native to most of the region between Barbados and South Florida. Strobilops Hubbardi Brown. Two specimens of this well marked little shell were found. Its range is known to extend from Savannah, Georgia, west to Texas, and south to Florida, as well as on the island of Jamaica. Pupa pellucida Per. (P.jamaicensts'l C. B. Adams). Apparently not uncommon. Its known range is doubtful, as P. servilis Gould, a very distinct species, has often been confounded with Pfeiffer's shell. The Pupidfe of the West Indies are still in need of much elucidation. The present form is not known from the P'nited States, but very closely resembles a species described from .Jamaica by C B. Adams. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 117 Cerion (Strophiops) glans Kuster. A single rather small specimen of this species was obtained by the Fish Commission. Macroceramus Gossei Pfeiffer. This species is represented by a single young specimen. It is found in South Ftorida, Texas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Curacao. Melaniella gracillima Pfeiffer. This is also represented by a single specimen. Its range extends to South Florida, Cuba, and St. Thomas. Planorbis (Segmentina) dentatus Gould. Two specimens apparently of this species (which is by several authors referred to P. albicans Fir., as a synonym) were found by the Fish Com- mission. It was originally described from Cuba, and, if the synonymy referred to is correct, is also a native of St. Thomas, Porto Rico, and Jamaica. One of the specimens was edentate, and might be referred to Adams's variety edentatus. Auricula? (Microtralia) minuscula Dall. Figure 7. This curious little Auriculoid, which mimics the solid Tralia of the shores in form, but is minute and translucent, seems to be not uncommon about the lagoon. It has also been found in South Florida by Mr. Charles T. Simpson, in a similar station. It is probably more nearly related to forms like Auricula pellucens than to Tralia proper, and the sectional name Microtralia is here proposed for it. (Cf. Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., V. 69, 1889.) Sayella Crosseana Dall, var. bahamensis Dall. This species, originally described from the low salt marshes of the South Florida coast, is represented by a number of specimens in the Fish Commission collection. The Bahama specimens are somewhat stouter and have more rounded whorls than the Florida shell, and may prove to be distinct. Chondropoma Rawsoni Pfeiffer. Several specimens apparently belonging to this species, but wanting the operculum, were obtained by the Fish Commission. It was originally de- scribed from Crooked Island, Bahamas. 118 BULLETIN OF THE Chondropoma watlingense u. sp. Figure 6. Shells very small for the genus, decollated, with four or four and a half normal rounded whorls; covered with close, even, elevated lirse separated by slightly wider interspaces and gathered at the suture so as to crown the whorl with small somewhat irregular denticulations ; under these lirte on the base of the whorl are three or four small revolving elevated ridges ; in some of tlie larger specimens these ridges exist on the periphery and even on the posterior slope of the last whorl and a half, faintly undulating the lira) ; color yellowish white, with reddish brown spiral bands, which cover the peripheral part of the whorl, or may be represented by revolving bands of dots, or even wholly absent ; base rounded, minutely perforate ; aperture obliquely oval ; the re- flected peristome is continuous, flattish, concentrically deeply grooved or striated, and auriculated slightly at the anterior and posterior angles. Oper- culum not obtained. Lon. of shell, 7-8; of aperture, 2-3 ; max. diam. behind the aperture, 2.5-3.5 mm. This little species, collected by the U. S. Fish Commission, cannot be iden- tified with any other hitherto recorded from the region. It is neat in color- ation, and unusually small in size, somewhat recalling, in miniature, C, dentatum of Florida' and Cuba. Helicina Rawsoni Pfeiffer. A number of rather worn specimens, collected by the Fish Commission, seem referable to this species, which was originally described from Inagua. Truncatella subcylindrica Gray. Numerous in the Fish Commission material. Found in Florida and most of the Greater Antilles. Truncatella pulchella Pfeiffer. Specimens of this species occurred abundantly among the Fish Commission shells. It is found in Florida, in Cuba, and in Jamaica. Truncatella bilabiata Pfeiffer. Common. Also reported from the coast of Florida and Mexico. Truncatella caribaeensis Sowerby. Common, widtdy distriljuted in the West Indies, Florida and Mexico. Specimens with the ribs continuous over the whorl seem less common than those witli the peri])liery smooth. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 119 OTHER LOCALITIES. The following recent species were collected by Professor Agassiz at Nassau. Poli/gjjra microdonta Desbayes. Pleurndonte (Thelidomus) provisaria Pfr. Hemitrnchus Troscheli Pfr., varieties. Cerion cinereum Maynard. Truncatella, probably cariboeensis Sby., young. Gun Cay. Cerion cinereum Maynard. Cerion patinoxum Maynard. Hemilrochus Troscheli Pfr. Great Ragged Cay. Cerion cinerewn Maynard. " Glass Window," Eleuthera Island. Cerion striatellum Ferussac ; small and delicate. Flamingo Cay. Chondropoma hiforme Pfr. Cerithium {Pyrazus) seplemstriatum Say. Cerithium (^Pyrazus) Rawsom Krebs. Cerithidea cnsttnta Wood. Cyrena colorala Prime. FOSSIL REMAINS OF MOLLUSKS. The rock in which the fossils are found is the seolian rock common through- out the Bahamas. The fos,sils are nearly all of recent species, and differing in no marked way from the existing sea shells of the same species now fountl in the waters about the island. Land and marine shells are more or less intermixed, as they are at the present day along the shores. One of the species collected in a fossil state at Nassau by Professor Agassiz does not seem to be represented in a recent state, but, as our knowledge of the fauna of the Bahamas is still very imperfect, it would be rash to say that it may not be found living hereafter. It is at least probable that the species is not now living about Nassau, which has been visited by so many collectors, 120 BULLETIN OF THE and, as these Cerions are quite variable and apparently local in their varia- tions, it would not be at all surprising if this particular form should eventually be shown to be wholly extinct. The following species were obtained by Professor Agassiz in a fossil condition in the aeolian rock at Great Stirrup Cat. Cerion (Stropkiops) neglectum Maynard (also found at Andros). Gun Cat. Venus cancellata L. Cerithium algicola C B. Adams. Nassau (Queen's Stairway, low water level). Tritonidea auritula Link. Hemitrochus Troscheli Pfr. The following apparently undescribed species of Cerion was also found in the calcareous sand-rock at the W. quarry, top of Nassau ridge. Cerion (Maynardia) Agassizii n. sp Figures 9, 10. Shell large, cylindroconic, smooth for the genus, but varying as usual in the number, sharpness, and presence of transverse ribs ; with eleven whorls, rather closely appressed, irregularly transversely striated, the upper whorls more finely and evenly, and the last third of the last whorl with stronger, sharp-edged, sparse, elevated ribs; spiral sculpture none; umbilical chink deep, not perforate; aperture ovate, pointed above, with the reflected margin wide, from the more prominent inner edge, which is rounded, l)evelled away to the peripheral margin which is sharp, the whole continuous as in Chondropoma ; the body with a thick callus upon which the parietal tooth i^ situated, the tooth on the pillar lip less prominent, somewhat elongated. Lon. of shell, 35 ; diam. above the aperture, 13 ; alt. of peristome axiallj% 13 mm. This shell resembles Strophiops maritima Pfr. most nearly, but differs from it in its longer dental ridges, and in its wide, sharp-edged, and curiously bevelled peristome. The sharp rugse behind the lip are very constant; those of S. ma- ritima are relatively low and feeble. In this connection a few remarks are in place on the nomenclature of this group. It was first separated from Turho by Bolten, who erected a genus Cerion in 1799, which contained some extraneous forms, like most old genera, but was based on Turho uva Liiine ; as is evident from the name, as well as from Bolten's placing these shells first, and using their popular name " Bee- MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 121 hive"' (Bieuenkorb) as the vernacular name of his genus. There is in this case a descriptive phrase, as well as a name and references to other authors ; because the genus was divided into two sections by Bolten, one with entire spire, the other (corresponding to Rumina decoUata) having it truncate. As there is no doubt whatever as to the pertinency of Bolten's name, I think we must adopt it. In 1850, Albers named his genus Strophia, not designating a type, but putting S. decumnna ¥6r. first, which was soon after named a&.type by Herr- mannsen in the Supplement to his " Index." The name Strophia is, however, preoccupied in entomology. In the year 1850, Mdrch (Yoldi Cat., p. 63) revived Cerion, with uva as first species. In 1889, Maynard,* who was working on this group, announced that it was divisible into four sections, as below, which, however, he refrained from naming. The examination of a large number of specimens convinced him of the value of the characters mentioned, and the full credit of the discovery certainly be- longs to him, though, for various reasons, his papers received comparatively little attention. I have sectionized a large number of species, and, so far as my material- goes, find Maynard's observations confirmed. The differences he referred to are certainly very constant, much more so in the fully mature sliell than any of the external characters. The genus may therefore be arranged as follows ; — Genus CERION Bolten, 1799. Type Turbo uva Linne, Gmelin. Subgenus CERION s. s. Shell with the parietal lamina situated in the angle between the pillar and the body whorl, short, extending but a short distance into the whorl before becoming obsolete ; the axial lamina obscure or absent at the aperture, becom- ing stronger within and continuing to encircle the axis for some distance up the spire ; within the spire sets of laminae persist, sometimes three or more, consisting of two short laminae on the dorsal, and one longer on the ventral surface of the whorls. Whorls compressed in the direction of the axis, numer- ous. Type Turbo uva Linne, Curagao. (Figure 3.) Subgenus STROPHIOPS Dall, 1894. Strophia Albers, 1850, not of Meigen, Syst. Beschr., III. 147, 1832 (Lepidoptera). Shell with the parietal lamina penetrating the body whorl to one third, one half, or more of its length ; situated midway between the pillar and the outer * Contributions to Science, Vol. I. No. 3, p. 130, Newtonville, Mass., the author, Oct., 1889. 122 BULLETIN OF THE lip at the aperture ; axial lamina visible (and sometimes double) at the aper- ture, continuous for one or two turns on the axis within ; whorls ample, with- out laminaj (other than those mentioned) internally. Type Pupa decumana Fer., Castle Island, Bahamas. (Figure 4.) 5. pannosa Maynard, S. copia, S. nana, and S. lineata of the same author belong to this group, which Maynard regards as characteristic of the Cayman Islands, Bahamas. Subgenus MAYXARDIA Dall, 1894. Armature resembling that of Strophiops, but the parietal tooth short, not exceeding three times its height, and rather abruptly terminated at the inner end. Type S. neglecta Maynard, Andros Island, Bahamas. (Figure 1.) Strophia alba Maynard, 5. protea Gundl., ^\ marihma Pfr., S. cydostoma Kiister, and 5. incana Binney, belong in this group, which is common to Cuba, the Bahamas, and South Florida. C. Agassizii also seems to belong here, though somewhat less characteristic than the recent species. Subgenus DIACEEION Dall, 1894. Shell with both lamina visible at the aperture, the axial lamina as in typical Strophiops ; the parietal rather low and single at the aperture, double within, the outer branch more prominent near the aperture, the inner more prominent in the ]ienultimate whorl, the pair prolonged inwardly for one or two whorls ; whorls ample, without other internal laminae. Type Strophia Dalli Maynard, Inagua Island, Bahamas. (Figure 2.) Turho alcearia Dillwyn, and Strophia pallida IMaynard, also belong here. The group is reported so far only from Inagua Island, Bahamas. Subgenus EOSTROPHIA Dall, 1890. Shell without axial or parietal laminaj, otherwise as in Strophiops. Fossil of the Older Mi(5cene. Type E. anodonta Dall, Tampa silex beds. Cf. TrariS. Wagner Inst., III. 12, August, 1890. While Cerion in the broad sense forms a very recognizable group, and one which remounts to a notable antiquit}^ the divisions above mentioned, appar- ently constant and easily identified, are of at least as much systematic value as three fourths of the "generic" subdivisions made of late among the Pulnumata, the convenience of which I sho\ild hesitate to deny. I have therefore thought it desirable that names should be applied to them, and attention thus invited to the very interesting group under consideration. We owe to von Martens (Malak. Bl., VI. 209) the interesting observation, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 123 which^I have not seen noted elsewhere except by Maynard, that the young shells of Cenon have both palatal and basal denticles in the apertures which in most forms are absorbed later, though in Cerion s. s. they appear, or part of them, to remain permanently present, as shown in the section of C. uva in the accompanying plate. Helix pentodon Mke., appears to have been founded on an immature Cerion in this state. It would be a most valuable contribution to the history of modifications in biology if some one would map out and characterize the areas occupied by the various forms of Cerion in the Bahamas. The differences are quite perceptible, and the conditions under which they arise must be relatively simple. All that has hitherto been done is insufficiently exact for the purpose indicated, and the field is a wide one. July 18, 1894. 124 BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Section of Cerion (Maifnardia) neglectum Mayn., to show tiie short parietal and axial laminae. Length of specimen, 25 mm. Fig. 2. Section of Cerion (Diacerion) Daili Mayn., showing the double parietal lamina, the outer liranch of which in the lower whorl conceals the inner one. Length of specimen, 34 mm. Fig. 3. Section of Cerion uva Linn., showing the position of the teeth and the accessory lamellae in several upper whorls. Length of the specimen, 18 mm. Fig. 4. Section of Cerion (Strophiops) decumamim Fer., showing the elongated parietal and faintly double axial laminae. Length of original, 42 mm. Venus (Anoiiialocardia) leptalea Dall. Length of original specimen, 12 mm. Cliondropoma wuttlnge.nse Dall. Length of original, 8 mm. Auiicala? (Microlral'ia) minuscula Dall. Length of specimen, 2.3 mm. TornaUna parv'iplica Dall. Length of the type specimen, 6 5 mm. Cerion (Mat/nardm) Agassizii Dall. Length of specimen, 34 mm. The same, side view, showing the bevelled outer lip. Pyrazus septemstriatus, var. degeneratus Dall. Length of specimen, 8.2 mm. Pyrazus Rawsoni Krebs. View of a specimen a little more ribbed above than usual, but otherwise typical of this liitlierto unfigured species Length of shell, 10.5 mm. All the figures were drawn from the original specimens by Dr. J. C. McConnell. Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig- 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 DALL BAHAMA SHELLS. '^'^^j^v 6 10 11 E Crisajid, lith , New Haven, Ct, No. 10. — Beporfs on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in Charge 0/ Alexander Agassiz, carried on hy the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross," ditring 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. XIII. Die OpistJiobranchien. Von Rudolph Bergh. [Published by Permission of Marshall McDonald, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] Die Expedition des " All)atross" (Febr. — Mai 1891) lieferte eine nicht grosse Anzalil von Opistliobrancluen,aber thcilweise selir interessante Formen, die ?ich unten beschrieben finden. Ich habe aber diese Gelegenheit benutzt um noch verschiodene verwandte, von \Y. H. Ball herriihrende, haiiptsachlich auL'h dem stillen Ocean gehorende, Thierformen bier einznschieben. Untenstehend eine Uebersiclit der bier untersucbten Tiiiere. I. NUDIBRANCHIATA. 1. N. CLADOHEPATICA. ^olidia papillosa, L. " berculea, V>%\i. n. sp. Fiona marina (For^kal), var. pacif. Glaiieilla manj;inata, Bgb. Himatella trophina, Bgb. n. sp. Dendronotus arborescens (O. Fr. IMiiller). Dalli, Bgb. " robustns, Verrill. Scyllaea pellagica, L. Tritonia diomedea, Bgb. n. sp. " exsnbans, Bgb. n. sp. INIarionia occidentalis, Bgb. Pleuropbyllidia eabfornica, Cooper. vol XXV — NO- 10. 126 BULLETIN OF THE 2. N. HOLOHEPATICA. a. Dorididae cryptobranchiataB- Archidoris tuberculata, Cuv. " kerguelensis, Bgh. Geitodoris complanata (Verrill). " immunda, Bgh. n. sp. Staurodoris verrucosa (Cuv.). Cadlina repanda (Aid. et Hanc). Diaulula Sandiegensis (Cooper), var. " " (C), var. Gargamella immaculata, Bgh. n. sp. Thordisa ? dubia, Bgh. n. sp. Chromodoris californiensis, Bgh. " Agassizii, Bgh. n. sp. b. Dorididae phanerobranchiataB. Triopha modesta, Bgh* Issa lacera (Abildgaard), var. pacif. LameUidoris bilaruellata (L.), var. pacif. II. ASCOGLOSSA. Tridachia diomedea, Bgh. n. sp. III. STEGANOBRANCHIA. Pleurobranchus plumula, Mtg Doridium purpureum, Bgh. n. sp. « diomedeum, Bh. n. sp. " ocelligerum, Bgh. n. sp. Navarchus inermis, Cooper. « aenigmaticus, Bgh. n. sp. MARSENIAD/E. Marsenia perspicua (L.). MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 127 I. NUDIBRANCHIATA. 1. N. CL^DOHEPATICA. R. Bkrgh, System der Nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden. 1892, p. 7-10. Fam. ^OLIDIAD^. R. Bergh, System der Nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden. 1892, p. 10. Es ist auifallend, wie wenig stark diese Familie nach unseren jetzigen Kenntnissen im pacifischen Ocean vertreten ist, was aber sicherlich nur in man- gelhafter Untevsuchung seinen Grund hat, um so mehr als viele Arten von Nudibranchien iiber enorme Gebiete verbreitet scheinen,^) so wie es mit man- chen Pteropoden und Heteropoden der Fall ist. .iEOLlDIA, CuviER. R. Bergh, Beitr. z. Kenfitn. d. ^olidiaden. I. Verb. d. k. k. zool. bot. Ges. in Wien. xxiii. 1874, p. 618-620. — II. 1. c. xxiv. 1874, p. 395-396. — V. 1. c. xxvii. 1878, p. 822. , System der nudibr. Gasteropoden (Semper, Philippinen). 1892, p. 27. Rhinophoria simplicia; podarium antice angulatum vel processibus acumi- natis brevibus instructura. Dentes linguales regulariter pectiniformes. JEj. papillosa (L.). ^.serodna, Bgh. 1. c. I. 1874, p. 618-620. Taf. IX, Fig. 14-17; Taf. X, Fig. 4-12. ^.papillosa (L.) var. pacijica, Bgh. On the Nudibranch. Gasteropod. moll, of the North Pacific Oc. I. 1879, p. 75-77. PI. I, Fig. 1-6. Von dieser Form lag ein einziges Individuum vor, am 9 Febr. 1888 in Port Otway (Patagonien) gefischt. Die Ldnge des Individuuras, das fast alle (wenigstens alle grossere) Papillen verloren hatte, betrug 35 mm. bei einer Korperbreite bis 14,5 und einer Hbhe bis 11,5 mm. ; die Lange des Fusses. 28 mm. bei einer Breite vorn von 14,5, sonst meistens von 13 mm.; das Fussgebrame meistens 3 mm. breit, der Schwanz von 3 mm. Lange. Die Lange der Rhinophorien 3,5, der Tentakel 1 mm., die Lange der halbausgestiilpten Mundrohre 5 bei einem Durchmesser 1) Vergl. H. v. Jhering, Beitr. zur Kenntn. d. Nudibranchien des Mittelmeeres. a. Malakolog. Bl. N. F. VIII. 1885, p. 13. 128 BULLETIN OF THE von 5,5 mm.; die L'ange der grossten restirenden Papillen 4,5 mm. — Die Farbe des Thieres war gelblichweiss, die Fusssohle mehr gelblich, die Rhino- phorien iind die Tentakel mehr braungelblicli, die Papillen grau. Die Formverhaltnisse vollstiindig wie bei der tjpischen M. papillosa; der Riiekenrand etwas vortretend; wie es scliien, kamen gegen 40 Papilk-nreihen vor, und in denen der Mitte des Riickens wenigstens gegen 20 Papillen ; die Papillen von der bei der typisclien Art gewbhnlichen abgeplatteten Form. Der Anus etwas liinten der Mitte der Lantre des Kiiekens ganz oben zwisclien zwei Papillenreilien liegend. Die Genitalpapille wie gewohnlich. Der vor- dere Fussrand mit tiefer Randfurche und etwas zugespitzten Fussecken. Das gelbliche, abgeplattete (3,5 nmi. breite) C entralnervensystem ganz wie bei der typisclien Art, ebenso die Augen und die Otocysten. Der Schlandknpf von der gewohnlichen hohen tind zusammengedriickten Form, 7,5 mm. lang bei einer Hdlie von G,5 und einer Breite von 5 mm.; die Lippenscheibe und die Nebenmundholile wie gewohnlich. Die starken Man- dibel horngelb, dunkler am Kaurande. Die Ziinge mit 26 Zahnplatten ; in der kurzen Raspelscheide noch 9 entwickelte und 2 jiingere Flatten, die Ge- sammtzahl derselben somit 37. Die Flatten hell horngelb; die Breite der vordersten (altesten) 0,22, der hinteren entwickelten 0,6 mm. ; die Ilblie einer Platte an der Zungenspitze 0,12 mm.; am Schneiderande der vordersten Plat- ten im Ganzen 35-40 Dentikel, an dem der hintersten (jiingsteii) 80-85. Im inneren Baue schien diese Form iibrigens mit der tyjiischen iibereinzu- stimmen. — Der Mar/en 7 mm. lang bei einem Durchmesser von 5 ; der iJanii ausgestreckt 1,5 cm. lang bei einem fast durchgehenden Diam. von 2..") mm. Die Zwilterdriise kurz-kegelfbrmig, von 20 mm. L'ange bei einer Breite vorn von 12 und von einer Hblie daselbst von 10 mm. ; an der Vorderseite stark ausgehdhlt. Die Ampulle des Zwitterdriisenganges stark, spiralig aufgerollt, ausgestreckt 4,5 cm. lang bei einem Durchmesser von 2,5 mm. Die vordere Ge7i«/a/?na.f.;inge des (niir zum geringeren Theile angehefteten) Korpers der Flatten betrug bis 0,22 bei einer Hohe des Hakens bis 0,14 mm.; die Ilohe der aussersten Flatten bis 0,24 mm. Die meisten Flatten von der gewohnlichen Hakenform, der Kdrper langgestreckt (Fig. 7, 8). Die diinne Aussenplatten an der Spitze (Fig. 11) oder liings des Aussenrandcs (Fig. 9, 10) iiusserst fein serrulirt. Die Verhaltnisse sonst im Ganzen wie bei der typischen Art. Die Speicheldriisen, die Speiserdhre uiwi der Darm wie oben. — Die-hintere Eingeweidemasse {Leber) schmutzio;-gelb, 15 mm. lang bei einer Breite vorne bis 0 luid einer Ildhe bis 7 mm . liinten genindct, an der vorderen Halfte der 168 BULLETIN OF THE rechten Seite durch die vordere Genitalmasse stark ausgehdhlt. Die graue Gallenblase mit einer Facette von 1,2 mm. Durchmesser links am Pylorus an die Oberfliiche tretend. Die BLuldrusen rothbraun, die vordere zungenformig, die hintere schei- benfdrmig. Die gelbe ZwiUerdruse den grossten Theil der Leber iiberziehend ; in den Lappchen grosse oogene Zellen und Zoospermien. Die vordere Genitalmasse gross, 10 ram. lang bei einer Hohe bis 7 und einer Breite bis 5 ram. ; die Am- pulle des Zwitterdriisenganges raelirraals geknickt, ausgestreckt 12 ram. lang bei einem Diam. von 0,75. Die zwei raal zusammengebogene Prostata auso^e- streckt 15 mm. lang bei einem Durchmesser von 1,5; gelblich weiss. Die kugelformige rdthlichgraue Spermatotheke von 2,2 mm. Durchmesser, die Spermatocyste langgestreckt-birnformig. Die Schleimdriise geibUchweiss, die Eiweissdriise hell rdthlichgrau. ' Von derselben Art fand ich spater unter den geschickten Thieren 3 etwas kleinere Individuen, im Busen von Panama mit der Chromodoris Agassizii zusammen gefischt. Die Lippenplatte und die Zahnplatten ganz wie oben beschrieben. CADLINID^. R. Bergh, System. 1892, p. 108. CADLINA, Bgh. R. Bergh, Report on the Nudibranchiata (Explor. of Alaska), I. 1879, p. 114 (170) -125 (181). R. Bergh, Malakolog. Unters. Heft XVIIL 1892, p. 1100. Corpus sat depressum ; notaium granuligerum, non asperum ; folia branchi- alia tripinnata ; tentacula brevia, applanata, acuminata ; podarium sat latum, sulco marginali anteriori profundo. Armatura labialis fere annuliformis, e hamulis minutissimis formata. — Ra- dula rhachide armata, serie dentium denticulatorum; pleuris multidentatis, dentibus pleuralibus hamatis margine serrulatis. Glans penis hamulis seriatis armata. Die Cadlinen i) sind etwas abgeplattet ; der Riicken mit feinen, etwas spitzen Knotchen ziemlich sparsam ausgestattet ; die Kieme von nicht vielen bi- und tripinnaten Bliittern zusammengesetzt ; die Tentakel kurz, abgeplattet zuge- spitzt. — Die Lippenplatte stark, fast ringformig, von dicht gedrangten, lang- lichen, in der Spitze gabeligen Hakchen gebildet. Die Rhachis der Raspel 1 ) Laxdala Saga. Hafniae. 1826, p. 123. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 169 ist rait wirklichen Zahnplatten versehen (die bisher sonst nur bei der Bathy- doris nachgewiesen sind) ; an der Pleura kommen hakenfurmige, im Rande gezahnelte Flatten vor. — Die glans penis ist mit Reihen von kleinen Dornen bewaffnet. "^ Von der Gattung sind bisher nur ganz wenige " Arten " bekannt, die haupt- sachlich den kalteren Meeresgegenden zu gehoren scheinen. 1. C. repanda (A. et H.). M. atlant. occ. et or. 2. C. glabra (Friele et A. Hansen). M. atlant. or. sept. 3. C. Clarse, Iher. M. mediterr. 4. C. pacifica, Bgh. M. pacific, sept. C. repanda, A. et H. Taf. VII, Fig. 4-11. R Bergh, 1. c. p. 115 (171)-120 (176). PI. V, Fig. 15; PI. VI, Fig. 21, 22; PI. VII, Fig 9-18; PI. VIIi; Fig. .3-6. Von dieser Form wurde, mit Individuen von Archidoris tuberculata und Diaulula Sandiegensis zusammen, in 1888 im atlantischen Meere O. N. 0. von Cap Delgado (s. oben) ein Individuum gefischt. Dasselbe hatte eine Ldnge von 23 bei einer Breite bis 14 und einer Hohe bis 9,5 mm.; die Lange des Pousses betrug 19 bei einer Breite bis 7, die Lange des Schwanzcs 4 mm. ; die Breite des Mantelgebraraes 2,5 mm., vorne und hinten ein wenig mehr; der Durchmesser des weit nach hinten stehenden Kiemenloches 1,5 mm. ; die Hohe der Kiemenblatter 3 mm.; die Hbhe der Rhinophorien 2,5, die Lange der Tentakel 1 mm. — Die Farbe war durchge- hends weiss; die Kieme und die Keule der Rhinophorien schwach gelblich. Die Formverhaltnisse wie friiher von mir beschrieben, die meistens etwas spitzen Knotchen des Riickens ziemlich zerstreut stehend. In der Keule der Rhinophorien etwa 25-.30 Blatter. Die Kieme aus 12 bi- und tripinnaten Blattern gebildet, die am Grunde mehr oder weniger rerschmelzen. Oben in der Genitalpapille ragte wie gewbhnlich ein kleiner Lappen hervor. Der Vorderrand des Fusses gerundet mit tiefer Furche ; dec Schwanz hinten gerundet. Das Central nervensyxtem wie friiher dargestellt, ebenso die Augen und die sich als kalkweisse Punkte unter der Loupe priisentirenden, mit Otokonien strotzend gefiillten Ohrblasen. Die kraftigen Blatter der Keule der Rhino- phorien durch stark erhartete Spikel steif gemacht. In der Haut, wie friiher gesehen, viele starke und stark erhartete Spikel. 170 BULLETIN OF THE Die Muiidrdhre 3 mm. laiig. Der Schlundkopf 3 mm. lang bei einer Breite bis 3 und einer Holie bis 2,75; die dicke Raspelscheide hinten noch 0,4 mm. vortretend. Die Lippenplatte stark, citronengelb, von den gewohnlichen, bis 0,045 mm. langen, in der Spitze gabeligen Stabehen gebildet (Fig. 4). Die Raspel fast farblos, mit 38 Zahnplattenreihen ; weiter nach hinten fanden sich in der Scheide 54 entwickelte und 4 jUngere Reilien, die Gesammtzahl der- selben somit 96. In den hintersten Reilien der Zunge kamen (jederseits) bis 31 Zahnplatten vor. Die Liinge der medianen Flatten 0,04 mm. bei einer Breite vorn von 0,01fi und hinten von 0,0255 mm.; die Hohe der Seitenzahn- platten stieg bis 0,13 mm. Der kurze, breite, gerundete Ilaken der medianen Flatten (Fig. 5a) zeigte 5-G Dentikel ; die erste Seitenzahnplatte mit vor- springenden Ilaken, und am Grunde desselhen innen 3-4, aussen 4-0 scharfe Dentikel (Fig. hh, 6a) ; die folgenden Flatten ohne innere Dentikel, mit 3-5 ausseren (Fig. 5, 6). Die Flatten iibrigens wie friiher beschrieben, aber die Anzahl der Dentikel geringer, meistens 7-9, seltener ein wenjg mehr oder weniger betragend (Fig. 7, 8). Die weissen Speichelihusen (5 mm.) lang, etwas abgeplattet, bandfbrmig, mit unebenen Randern ; die Hinterenden verwachsen ; die Ausfuhrungsgiintre kurz. Die Speiserohre und der Darm wie friiher erwahnt. — Die Leber 14,5 mm. lang bei einer Breite bis 8 und einer Hohe bis 8,5 ; hinten gerundct, an der rechten Seite in der Halfte ihrer Lange durch die vordere Genitahnasse stark abgeplattet; aussen und innen gelb. Die Gallenblase an der reehten Seite des Pylorus liegend. Das Fericardium, das pericardio-renale Organ und die Blutdriise wie friiher beschrieben. Die mit ihren starker gelben Liippehen einen grossen Theil der Leber be- kleidende Zwitterdruse zeigte grosse oogene Zellen und Zoospermien. Die vnrdere Genitalmasse gross, 11 mm. lang bei einer Ilohe bis 8 und einer Dicke bis 4 ; die einzelnen Theile der Masse ganz wie friiher beschrieben gelagert. Die AmpuUe des Zwitterdriisenganges opak weisslich, gestreckt wurstformig, etwa 9 mm. lang. Die weisse Spermatotheke (Fig. 9rt) sackformig, 3 mm. lang, mit ziemlich kurzem vaginalem und langem uterinem Gauge (Fig. ^c Delgado gefiscbt worden waren (s. oben). ') n<:uvres cIp maitre Fr. Kahelais, ed. Ducliat. nouv. ed. I. 1741. livro 1, chap. Ill, p. 9. 17(J BULLETIN OF THE Die in Alcohol gut bevvahrten Individuen waren von einer Ldnge von 20 mm. bei einer Breite bis 11 und oiner Holie bis 9; die Liinge des Fusses 14 bei einer Breite bis 6 ; die Breite des Mantelgebriimes bis 4 ; die Hblie der Rliinopliorien und der Kieme etwa 3, die Liinge der Tentakel 1 mm. — Die Farhe war weiss, in einer grossen Strecke des Kiickens scliinimerte die Leber grau durt'h; die Rhinopliorien und die Kieme hell gelblich. Die Furiii -wax liinglich oval, etwas niedergedriiekt, etwa wie bei Diaulula, und ebenso die Consistenz weieh. Der Riicken ganz wie bei den Diaululen niit dichtstehenden, ausserst kleinen, abgestutzt kegelfbrmigen Zbttehen be- deckt. Der Hand der Rhinophorhohlen so wie der rundlichen Kiemenspalte ganz fein rundzackig ; die Keule der Rhinopliorien stark, mit etwa 30 breiten Blattern ; die Kieme von 8 trij)innaten Bliittern gebildet, die starke Anal- papille hinten den Kiemenkreis eomj)letirend. Der gerundete Vorderrand des Fusses mit starker Raadfurtlie, und die obere Lijipe derselben stark gekluftet ; der Schwanz ein wenig zugespitzt. Bei beiden Individuen waren die Eingeweide in der Art fest an die Bedeckungen und besonders an die diinnen des Riickens geheftet, dass es schwierio; war iene frei zu lejjen. Das abgeplattete Centralnervensysiem zeigte die Ganglien deutlich geschie- den, die pedalen waren die grossten ; die proximalen Riechknoten fast doppelt so gross wie die Augen, die distalen viel kleiner ; die buccalen Ganglien waren nur dureh eine ganz kurze Commissur verbunden, die gastro-cesopliagalen klein ; die gemeinschaftlirhe Commissur ziemlieh eng. Die Augen relativ gross ; die Otucyslen batten kaum ^ der Grosse der Augen, strotzten von kleinen runden und ovalen Otokonien. Die Blatter der Rkinophorien dureh dichtstehendc, stark erhiirtete Spikel steif gemacht, ebenso die feinen Zottelien der Hnut, welche iiberhaupt eine Masse von solchen zeigte, so wie sie anch in der interstitiellen Bindesubstanz reichlich vorkamen, mit Kugeln von eiuem Durchmesser bis 0,09 mm. vermischt (Fig. 12). Die Munilrblire 2 mm. lang, ihre Wand gell)lieh ; die hintere Kreisfalte bei dem einen Individuum von einer duukel gelbbraunen, (juergefalteten Cuticula, der der Lippenscheibe ahnlich liberzogen. Der Scldundkopf bei dem einen Indi\iduum 3 mm. lang bei einer Ilohe von 2,5 und einer Breite von 3,25 ; bei dem anderen Individuum beti-ugen die entspreehende Masse 4,25-3,25 und 3 mm. ; die dieke Raspelseheide etwas vortretend ; die Lippenscheiiie von einer dicken, gelb- odcr fast kastanienbraunen, etwas radiat gefurchten Cuti- cula liberzogen, die sich verdiinnt und blasser werdend auf die Backen hinein fortsetzt. Die Znnge stark, abgeplattet ; die Lingula des Raspeldaches am Yorderemle und in einer Streeke ihres Riickens mit gelbbrauner Cuticula In der hellgelbliclien Raspel 16-20 Zahnplattenreihen ; wciter nach hinten deren 30-28, von welchen die 4 hintcrstcn nnentwickelt ; die Gesammtzahl der Reihen somit 46-48. Die Cuticula der Zunoc unten in der Mittellinie (an der Spitze der Raspel) verdickt, bogenartig get'altet, gelbbraun ; es fand sich Eindrticke von zwei ganz ausffefallenen Reihen. In den hintersten Reihen der Zun^e kamen (jederseits) CO und 6 7 Zahnplatten vor. Die Flatten hell horngelb; MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 177 die Hohe der 4 tiussersten (Fig. 2) 0,1-0,12-0,13-0,14-0,16 mm. Vjetragend, und sich allmiililicli bis zu 0,18 erhebend um nacli innen wiedcr allmahlieh zu sinken, die Hdhe der (Fig. 10) innersten betrug etwa 0,0G mm. Die Form der Flatten die gewolinliclie liakenartige, der Haken an den meisten ziemlich schlank (Fig. 11,1). Die Speicheldrilsen weiss, langgestreckt : die Ausflihrirngsgange kurz. Die Speiserohre ziemlich lang ; bei dem einen Individuum zu einem 4 mm. ]an"-en, 3 mm. breiten Sacke, mit unbestimmbarer thierischer Masse erfiillt, erweitert, welcher die hintere lliilfte des Schlundkopfes von oben ganz deckle, Der Darm die Leber hinter der Mitte ihrer oberen Flaclie durclibrechend, mit unbestimmbarer thierischer Masse erfiillt. Die Leber 11 mm. lang bei einer Breite bis 7,5 und einer Hbhe auch bis 7,5 ; hinten gerundet, vorne abgestutzt, an der unteren und rechten Seite durch die grosse vordere Genitalmasse abgeplattet; die Substanz chocoladefarbig, an der Oberfliiche heller. Die Gallenblase links am Grunde des Pylorus, ihre runde oben freiliegende Facette von 1,5 mm. Diam. Das Herz, die schwach braunliche Blutdriise und das pericardio-renale Organ wie o-ewbhnlich. Die Zwillerdruse mit einem diinnen gelblichen Lager einen grossen Tlieil der Leber uberziehend; in den Lappchen grosse oogene Zellen. Der Zwitter- driisengang unter der Cardia frei vortrotend und gleich in die AmpuUe iiber- geliend. — lYm cordere 6'e;H7a//?iasse gross, querliegend, 7,5 mm. breit, 7 hoch und 9 lang: unten an der Hinterseite die Ampulle, am Vorderende der Penis, die Samenblasen von der Prostata bedeckt Die Ampulle des Zwitterdriisen- ganges briiunlich, 5-10 mm. lang bei einem Durchmesser von 0,6-0,7, an der Mitte zusammengebogen. Die kugelformige Sjiennulotheke von 2,5-3 mm. Diam., rbtlilicligrau (Fig. 13/^/); der vatrinale Ausfiihrungsgang (Fig. 13/) voile 2 mal so lang wie die Samenblase, in die ziemlich lange, ziemlich diinn- ■wandige, aber mit starker, gelber, stark gefalteter Cuticula ausgekleidete Vagina (Fig. ISrjf/) iibergehend; der uterine Gang (Fig. 13/^) langer als der vorige ; unfcrn von seinem Ende mundet (Fig. 13e) in denselben die kurz- stielige, kugelformige, weissliche Spennalocijste von etwa 1.5 mm. Diam. Der mannliche Zweig der Ampulle kurz, in eine- grosse, weissliche Prostata iiljcr- gehend, die sich nach unten verschmiilert (Fig. I3a), in einen (Fig. 13^^) kurzen, muskuhisen Saniengang iibergeht, welcher sich in den langen und siarken Peius (Fig. 13c) fortsetzt. Dieser letztere ist stark, kegelformig (Faud sich zusammengezogen), bei beiden Individuon 8 mm. lang; die Glans ragte bei den beiden 2 mm. frei in das Vestibulum hinein (Fig. 16«). Der freie Rand und die Oeffnung dieser Glans war von einer starken, gelben, Dornentragenden Cuticula iiberzogen, welche sich in die Hohle des Organs hinein fortsetzte, die durch die untere lliilfte dessclbcn sich erstreclctc. Die Cuticula erhob sich in Liingsfalten, die sich mit einander viclfach verbauden und sich noch dazu in kurze, staike, wenig gekruiiimte Haken mit grosserer, runder oder ovaler Grundplatte erhoben (Fig. 14, 15, 3). Unten standen diese Haken in etwa 10 unregelmassige Quincunxreihen (Fig 14) und erhoben vol,. XXV. — NO. 10. 12 178 BULLETIN OF THE sich zu einer Hijlie bis zu etwa 0,18 mm. ; oben wurde die Anzahl der Reihen geringer; in einer Reihe kamen der Lange nach etwa 10 Haken vor; der Bau der Haken wie friilier beschrieben. Die obere etwa Halfte des Penis compact, von dem stark und dicht geschlangelten Samenleiter durclizogen (Fig. 13c), ■welcher sich am Boden des hohlen Theils offiiet. Die (weissliche) Schleim- drilse und die (dottergelbe) grosse Eiweissdruse zusammen an Lange 6 mm. messend bei einer Hohe von 4,5 und einer Dicke von 3 ; der Scbleimdriisen- gang mit der gewohnlichen Falte (Fig. 16c), die braunlich war. Das (Fig. \&d) Vestibutum genilale 2,5-3 mm. lang, braunlich ; an demselben ritt eine Starke, an der Oberfliiche jjleichsam grobkbrnio;e Vestibulardriise von unresjel- massiger Herzform, etwa 3 mm. lang uud hoch bei einer Dicke von 2,5 (Fig. 130. THORDISA, Bgh. Thordisa, R. Bergh, Malacolog. Uuters. Heft. XII. 1877. p. 540-342. Thordisa, R. Bekgh, System der Nudibranch. Gasteropoden. 1892. p. 106. Etidoris, H. v. Ihering, Zur Kenntu. d. Kudibr. d. brasil. Kiiste. Malacolog. Jahrb. XIII. 1886. p. 234-237. ? Aporodoris, H. v. Ihering, 1. c. 1886. p. 238-239. Tentacula tuberculiformia. Dentes pleurales extimi pectiniformes. Zu der Gattung wurden bisher folgende Arten gestellt. 1- Th. maculigera, Bgh. I. M. ])hilippin. Th. villosa (Aid. et Hanc). M. indie. 3. Th. ? carinata, Bgh. M. indie. 4. Th. ? clandestina, Bgh. M. pacific. (Torres strait). 5. Th. Ladislavii (Iher.). M. atlant. occ. (Bras.). 6. Th. ? dubia, Bgh. ]\I. atl. occ. 7. Th. ? millograna (Aid. et Hanc). M. atlant. or. Thordisa ? dubia, Bgh. n. sp. Taf. VI, Fig. 6-9. Hab. M.. atlant. occidcntale. Es fand sich nur ein einziges, in Alcohol gut conservirtes Tndividuum, von Herren Rathbun wahrend Ebbezeit bei Rat-isl. in der Niihe von Rio Janeiro gefischt. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 179 Die Lange des Individuums betrug 15 bei einer Breite bis 8 und einer Hohe bis 4,5 mm. ; die Breite des Mantelgebriimes bis 2 mm.; die Hdhe der Rhino- phorien 2, der Kieme 2 mm.; die Liinge des Fusses 12,5 bei einer Breite bis 5,5 mm. — Die Farbe war durchsehends weisslich, am Riicken mit Anflug von gelben Flecken ; die Keule der Rhinophorien und die Kieme schwach gelblich. Durch den Fuss schimmerten die Eingeweide undeutlieh. Die Form an die der Cadlina repanda erinnernd, liinglich-oval, abgeplattet. Der Riicken mit feinsten Hdckerchen bis an den Rand bedeckt ; die Rhino- phoroffnungen rundlich, rundzackig, die Keule der Rhinophorien mit beiliiufig 25 breiten Bliittern ; das Kiemenloch rundlich, rundzackig ; die Kieme aus G tripinnaten Bliittern gebildet; die Analpapille nicht niedrig. Das Mantel- gebriime nicht schmal, an der Unterseite eben. Der Kopf klein ; die 0,8 mm. langen Tentakel abgeplattet fingerfdrmig. Der Fuss kriiftig, vorne gerundet und mit Randfurche. Die Eingeweide an die Kbrperwande angeheftet. Das ziemlich abgeplattete Centralnervensystein zeigte die cerebro-pleuralen Ganglien liinglich-oval, etwas breiter hinten; die ausserhalb derselben liegen- den pedalen rundlich, grosser als die pleuralen ; die ihre Zusammensetzung aus drei deutlich zeigende gemeinschaftliche Commissur weit. Die proximalen Riechknoten fast sessil, kugelfdrmig, doppelt so gross wie die Augen ; die buccalen Ganglien oval, durch eine ziemlich kurze Commissur verbunden ; die gastro-oesophagalen ziemlich kurzstielig, etwa ^ der Grdsse der vorigen betragend. Die Augen fast sessil, mit reichlichem schwarzem Pigment und fast farbloser Linse. Die Ohrenhlasen nur halb so gross wie die Augen, mit runden und ovalen Otokonien gewdhnlicher Art prall gefiillt. Die Blatter der Keule der Rhinophorien ohne Spikel. In der Haul des Riickens zahlreiche lange, aher nicht stark erhartete Spikel, die auch biindelweise in die Hockerchen aufsteigen. Die Mundrohre 1,6 mm. lang ; die Tnnenseite der vorderen Halfte graujielb. — Die Lange des ziemlich kurzen und gedrungenen Schhindkopfes 2,3 mm. das dicke Ende der kurzen Raspelscheide hinten an der Unterseite vorsprin- gend ; die runde Lippenscheibe von einer ziemlich dicken, gelben Cuticula iiberzogen. Die Zunge breit mit tiefer Kluft; die gelbe Raspel mit 19 Zahn- plattenreihen, von denen die 3 vordersten mehr oder weniger incomplet ; weiter nach hinten 11 entwickelte und 4 jiingere Reihen ; die Gesammtzahl derselben somit 34. Die Rhachisparthie (Fig. 6a) schmal und nackt. An den Pleuiag hinten an der Zunge jederseits 50 Flatten. Die Flatten gelblich, nur die aussersten farblos ; die Hdhe der 5 aussersten einer Reihe betrug 0,06-0,065- 0,07-0,08-0,09 mm., die Hohe der iibrigen Flatten bis 0,1 mm. steigend, die der innersten 0,05 mm. Mit Ausnahme der 5 aussersten farblosen si)atelartigen, ganz diinnen, in der Spitze in haarartige Dentikel (Fig. 9) aufgeldsten Flatten waren die iibrigen wesentlich von derselben, der gewdhnlichsten Form, und alle am Aussenrande des Hakens mit feinsten spitzen kurzen Dentikeln ver- 180 BULLETIN OF THK sehen ; an den innersten kamen 2-3 (Fig. 7), an den iibrigen meistens 5-G, seltener 6-8 vor (Fig. 8). Die weissliclicn Speicheldriisen langgestreckte, kurzlappige Massen bildend. Die Speiserohre etwas langer wie der Sclilundkopf, ziemlich weit. Der Magen frei hervorragend, sackartig, 4 mm. lang bei ciner Breite bis 2,2 mm. Der Darm wie gewbhnlich. Die ganze Verdamingsliohle mit Nahrungsmasse prall gefiillt, die aus Kieselschwammmasse mit ihren langen Nadeln bestand, mit einzelnen Sand- und Kalkkorperchen vermischt. Die hintere Eingeweidemasse {Leber) beiliiufig 6 mm. lang bei einer Breite von 4 und einer Hbhe von 3,5 mm.; vorne mit einer Kluft fiir den Maeen und rechts (durch die vordere Genitalmasse) abgeplattet ; das Hinterende gerundet ; die Substanz gelblich. Die Gallenhlase birnformig, weisslich, rechts neben dem Pylorus liegend, aber nicbt an die Oberfliiche der Leber reichend. Das Pericardium mit dem Herzen wie gewbhnlich. Die Blutdrusen weiss- lich, stark abgeplattet ; die vordere herzfbrmig mit der Spitze nach vorne, ein wenig grosser als die beiden cerebro-pleuralen Ganglien zusammen ; die hin- tere beiliiufig von derselben Grdsse, gerundet viereckig. - — Die NierenYev- zweigung sehr deutlich ; der Pericardialtrichter ziemlich Uinglich, 0,9 mm. lang. Die Z witter drus^e den grdssten Theil der Leber iiberziehend; in den Lapp- clien grosse Eierzellen. — Die vordere Genitalmasse gross, etwas zusammenge- driickt, plancnnvex, beiliiufig 4 mm. lang. Die opak-schmutziggelbliche Ampulle des Zwitterdriisenganges bildete hinter der ganzen Masse ein ziem- lich grosses abgeplattetes Kniiuel von Windungen ; ausgestreckt mass dieselbe 1 cm. bei einem durchgehenden Diam. von 0.5 mm. Die Genitalmasse war wegen ihres Erhiirtungzustandes schwer zu untersuchen. Die weissliche Pro- stata gross, 2,5 mm. lang ; der Samenleiter nicht lang, die glans penis unbe- waffnet. Die Spermatotheke kurz-wurstformig, etwas zusammengebogen, ausgestreckt beiliiufis 2,5 mm. lang, der vajrinale Ausfiihruno-srrang 3 mal so lang ; die Spermatocyste wurde nicht gefunden. Die Schleimdriise weisslich, die Eiweissdriise gelb. CHROMODORIDID^. E. B.ERGH, System. 1892. p. ni-120. CHR03I0D0RIS, Ald. et Hancock. R. Bergh, System d. Nudibr. Gasteropoden. 1892. p. 112-118. Limbus pallialis angustus simplex ; folia branchialia simpliciter pinnata. Armatura labialis fortis. Diese Gruppe von Dorididen scheint die an Arten reichste zu sein. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 181 1. Chromodoris californiensis, Bgh. Taf. VII, Fig. 33-38. R. Bergh, On the Nudibr. Gaster. Moll, of the North Pacific Ocean. I. (Sclent. Res. of the P:xplor. of Alaska. I. art. V.). 1879. p. 168(112)-170(114). PI. XIV, Fig. 5-15. Yon dieser Art wurde ein Individuum mit Exemplaren von Tridachia dioniedea und Pleurobraiichus pluniula zusammen am 30. April 1888 auf 24° 11' N. Br. und 109° 55' L., d. h. in der Region von Unter-Californien aus einer Tiefe von 10 Faden gefischt. Das kleine, ziemlich stark zusammengezogene Individuum hatte eine Ldnge von 7 bei einer Hohe von 3 und einer Kreite bis 2,75 mm. Die Farhe war durchgehends grlinlioh-blaulich, besonders starker am Riicken, wo zerstreute weissliche Fleckchen (Knutchen) vorkamen. Die Formverhaltnisse wie fruher beschrieben ; das Stirn- und besonders (Fig. 23) das Schwanzgebrame nicht ganz schmal, das letztere mit 6 halbkugel- formigen Knoten mit weisser Oeffnung; der Riickenrand sonst kaum vor- tretend ; die Kiemenspalte queroval ; der Fuss ganz schmal, der Sohwanz kurz. Die griinliehblauen Rhinophorien etwa 1 mm. hoch, wie gewdhnlich ; die lialb einge'stiilpten Tentakel wie gewbhnlich ; die griinlicli-blaue, etwa 1 mm. hohe Kieme aus 10 Blattern gebiidet. Die feine Hiille des Centralnervem^y steins schwach griinhch, dasselbe sonst wie gewdhnlich, die Commissuren innerhalb einer gemeinschaftlichen Scheide; die buccalen Ganglien gross, die gastro-cesophagalen klein. — Y)\q Aiigen von 0.07 mm. Durchmesser; die Otocysten von fast derselben Grdsse, von Otoko- nien strotzend, die einen Diam. bis 0,013 mm. erreichten. Die weissliche, weite Mundrohre 0,5 mm. lang. Der etwas gelbliche Schlund- kopf 2 mm. Ling bei einer ildhe bis 1 ; die Raspelscheide hinten stark vor- tretend, hinauf£ebo2;en, dick, mit dnnkel g;runlich-o;rau durchschimmernder Raspel. Der dreieckige Innennunid von einer breiten, gelblichen JJppenplntte gewohnlicher Art eingefasst, deren in gewbhnlicher Quincunx-Ordnung dicht gedrangte, grelbliche Elemente eine ]>ano;e von 0,02 bei einer Hohe von 0.013 und einer Jireite von 0,01 mm. batten ; sie zeigten eine starke Spitze und an deren Grunde jederseits einen Knoten (Fig. 24, 25). Die Zun(je stark, abge- plattet, mit griinlicher Raspel. In der letzteren 20 Zahnplatten ; weiter nach hinten in der Raspelscheide noch 25 entwickelte und 4 jiingere Reilien, die Gesammtzahl derselben somit 49. In den hintersten Reihen der Zunge jeder- seits 62 Flatten. Die Rhachis ganz schmal, wie es schien, ohne Verdickungen. Die Zahnplatten wie friilier beschrieben, mit gebogenem, gegabeltem Haken und Denticulation liings des ausseren Randes (Fig. 2(), 27) ; die Anzahl dieser Dentikel 4-7, meistens 6. Die aussersten Flatten plumper und unregelmassig (Fig. 28). Die Hohe der aussersten Platte 0,034-0,04 mm. betragend, die der 182 BULLETIN OK THE niichstiiussersten meistens 0,04; die Holie der Flatten erhob sich bis zu 0,0G5 bei einer Liinge von 0,075. Die Speicheldriisen lang, weiss. Die hintere Eingeweideniasse schmutzig gelblich, liinten griinlich. In der Zwitterdriise keine entwickelte Geschlechtselemente. 2. Cliromodoris Agassizii, Bgh. n. sp. Taf. VII, Fig. 14-22. Hah. M. pacific, (sin. Panama). Im Panama-Busen wurde mit einem Individuum der Tridachia diomedea zusammen ein Exemplar dieser der vorigen nahestehenden Art gefischt. Die Farbe war durehgehends schon blau, noch dadurch starker vortretend, dass iiberall am Rucken und an den Seiten eine Menge von kleinen ovalen weissen Punkten oder Fleckchen vorkam, welehe hier und da diirch Ver- schmelzen kurze Sti'iche und einzelne Flecken bildeten ; um die Rhinophorbff- nungen und um die runde Kiemenspalte standen die Punkte dielit. Die Seitentheile des Riiekens waren oliven. Tridachia, Desh. Journ. de conchyl. 2 S. II. 1857. p. 141-142. Tridachia, R. Bergh, Malakolog. Unters. Heft IV. 1872. p. 190-198; Taf. IX, Fig. 4, 5 ; Taf. XXI, Fig. 14 ; Taf. XXIII ; Taf. XXIV, Fig. 1-5. Pteroqasieron, Pease. Proc. zool. soc XXVIII. 1860. p. 35. Diese in ihren Formverhiiltnissen sehr ausgepr'agten, gewissen tropisehen Planarien (Peasia) sehr ahnlichen, Thiere wurden generisch von den Elysien durch Deshayes geschieden und sind, wie ich nachgewiesen habe, mit den Pterogasteren von Pease identisch. Die Tridachien unterscheiden sich von den achten Elygien, bei denen sie ganz nahe stehen, durch die ausserordentlich starke Entwicklung der Epipo- dien, die im Ganzen und besonders im Rande sehr stark gekrauselt sind (" pro- fondement contournees k la manifere des feuilles de laitue," Desh.), und die vorne vor dem Pericardialhikker in einander iihergehen und somit den Riicken vom Genick abgrenzen. Der Sack unten an der Zungenwurzel mil den abge- fnilenen Zahnplatten ist ferner wenig entwickelt. Die unten beschriebene neue Form ahnelt ganz der typischen, von mir untersuchten, hat aber die Epipodien vor dem Vorderende des Pericardial- hbckers geschieden, kann daher nur etwas zweifelhaft zu dieser Gattung ge- stellt werden. Derselben gehoren nur tropische und subtropische Fdrmen, die 1. Tr. crispata, (Oersted) Bgh. Tr. Schrammi, Desh. M. antill., caraib. VOL. XXV — NO. 10. 13 194 BULLETIN OF THE 2. Tr. (liomedea, Bgh. n. sp. M. pacif. (Calif.). 3. Tr. ornata (Pease). M. pacif. (ins. Sandwich). 4. Tr. bella (Pease). M. pacif. (ins. Sandwich). Tr. ? diomedea, Bgh. n. sp. Taf. I, Fig. 1-7. Von dieser Form lagen zwei Individuen vor, die in Gesellschaft von Pleuro- phyllidia californica und Chromodoris californiensis am 30. April, 1888, auf 24° 11' N. Br. und 109° 55' L., d. h. in der Region von Unter-Californien aus einer Tiefe von 10 Faden gefischt waren. Die in Alkohol ganz gut bewahrten, nur etwas zusammengezogenen Indivi- duen waren fast von derselben Grbsse, an Ljinge 17 mm. bei einer Breite bei ausgeschlagenen (5 mm. bre^ten) Fliigeln von 13 und bei einer Hohe (Dicke) an der Mitte des Riickens von 3,5 mm. ; die Breite des Kopfes 5 und der Ten- takel noch 3 jnm. ; die Breite des Fusses in seinem vorderen Theile 4 mm., iibrigens in der grbssten Lansre 2,5 mm. Die Farbe war durchjrehends £relb- lichweiss ; die Tentakel innen schwarz, aussen ihrer Hdhe nach von 4-5 un- gleich breiten, schon sammtschwarzen Bandern durchzogen; am Mantelrande aussen und innen kleine ahnlichgefarbte Fleckohen, hie und da quer iiber den Rand oder ofter der Lange nach zusammensfliessend. Die Form wie bei der typischen Art. Der Kopf stark, das Genick zwischen den Tentakein vortretend ; die Tentakel stark mit eingerollten Randern. Der Riicken ziemlich schraal ; die aderartigen, den Riicken begrenzenden Linien sehr undeutlich ; die Riickentliigel (Pleuropodien) stark, stark wellenartig ge- bogen und gefaltet, 6-8 grossere Falten bildend, die am diinnen Rande wieder fein gefaltet sind. Der Pericardialhocker nicht gross, gewolbt ; vorne und rechts an demselben der Anus ; seitlich vom Hinterrande gehen die Riicken- schniire deutlich sfus. Am Grunde des rechten Tentakels die feine Genital- spalte. Das vordere Stiick des Fusses stark, mit ziemlich vortretenden Ecken und mit Randfurche ; der Fuss in seiner iibrigen Lange von den Fliigeln ziem- lich stark ausgepragt. Die Eingeweide schimmerten nirgends durch, an die Korperwiinde innig ge- lothet. — Beide Individuen wurden untersucht. Das Centralnervensyslem (Fig. 1) zeigte die gewohnlichen 7 Ganglien ; die buccalen Ganglien wie gewohnlich ziemlich gross. Die Nervenzellen einen Diam. bis 0,12 mm. erreichend. — Die ziemlich grossen, weit (Fig. IM) von einander stehenden Augen von 0,22 mm. Durchmesser, der Diam. der grossen gelben Linse 0,08 mm.; das dunkel schwarze Pigment sehr reichlich. Die Olocysten (Fig. 2) von 0,034 mm. Diam., wie gewohnlich ; der kugelrunde, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 195 gelbe Otolith von einem Durcliniesser von fast 0,009 mm. In der Haul wie gewohniich eine Unmasse von den vielgestaltigen Driisenzellen und Driisclien. Die Mundrdhre (Fig. 3a) ziemlicli kurz. Der Schlundkopf (Fig. 3c) am Vorderende von mehreren starken Driisenmassen (Fig. Zb) etwas bedeckt; hinten heftet sich an die Seiten der unter dem Schlundkopf liegende starke Retractor, vom Fusse entspringend. Der Schlundkopf ist etwa 1 mm. lang, von gewohnlicher Form (Fig. 3c), an der oberen Seite gegen 25 Halbreife ; die Wande der kleinen Mundhdhle pigmentlos. Die Zunge wie gewohniich ganz kurz ; die sehr (Fig. 3) stark nach unten gebogene Raspelscheide mit 6 und 9 entwickelten, einer halb entwickelten und einer ganz jungen Zahn- platte (Fig. 3c); in der unteren Plattenreihe fanden sich 10 und 14, der Sack war ganz kurz und enthielt nur 1-2 ziemlich grosse lose liegende Flatten. Die Zahnplatten von schwach gelblicher Farbe, cine Lange bis 0,13 mm. bei einer Breite der (JrundHache bis 0,04-0,044 erreichend, die Form ganz wie bei den anderen P]lysien, der Unterrand mit ausserst feiner Denticulirung, welche aber nur bei starker Vergrosserung (750 X) erst recht deutlich wurde (Fig. 4). Die Speicheldriisen langgestreckt, wie es schien, so lang wie die Speiserohre. Die Speiserohre ein wenig I'anger als der Schlundkopf, ziemlich diinn (Fig. 3e), sich in den oben an derselben reitenden, fast kugelformigen Magen offnend, welcher etwa die Halfte der Grosse des Schlundkopfes hatte (Fig. 3^) ; neben der Cardia mtindet in den Magen der kurze gemeinschaftliche, aus dem Quer- gallengang ausgehende Gallengang (Fig. 3 f). Hinten scheint aus jenem Gallengang der nur oben und unten diinne, sonst weite, aber kurze Darm zu entspringen (Fig. 3/i). Im Magen oder im Gallengang fand sich bei dem einen Individuum eine ganz kleine, halbverdaute Copepode. Der Quergallengang theilt sich an der Kdrperwand in zwei sich wieder theilende Aeste, die allm'ahlig in die iiberall in den Epipodien vorkommenden Zefte/'lappen iibergehen. Das Herz und das Nierengewebe wie gewohniich. Die ZwUterdruse aus einer nicht recht grossen Anzahl von rundlichen und ovalen, durch einen nicht recht langen Ausfiihrungsgang sich meistens paarweise verbindenden Lappchen gebildet, dieselben schienen alle nur Zoospermien zu enthalten. Die viellappige Drilae hot dasselbe Aussehen wie bei den Elysia- den dar. Die Schleimdriise ziemlich gross ; die Spermatotheke kugelfbrmig, von Samen strotzend. Der Samengang ziemlich lang, sich in den etwa 2 mm. lannjen, ke^elformigren (am Ende ein weni ? On some new sp. of moll from the North of China and Japan. Ann. mgz. n. h. 3 S. VIII. 1861. p. 139-140. G. pacificum, Bgh, 1. c. 1893. p. 303-306. Taf. 16, Fig. 28; Taf. 17, Fig. 10-26. Color clypei frontalis sicut podarii cum pleuropodiis lutescens rubro punctatus. Limbus pallialis sine flagello. Hab. M. pacific. Das von Adams, in seiner gewbhnlichen Dilettant-Manier, bcFchriebene G. Sinense aus dem chinesischen Meere (IJ.ulu-Shan Bay (Regent's sword)) wird kaum mit der unten zu beschreibcnden Form identisch sein, eher konnte man in demselben eine Variefat der Form des jMittelmeeres sehen (die Grds.^e (Liinge) der (3) Tndividuen ist nicht von Adnms angegeben). Von dieser neuen Art fand sich eine Anzahl von (13) Tndividuen, boi Unn- ') Die vordere Parthie des Schlundkopfes der Gastropteren entspriclit dem g.niizon Schlundkopfe der Doridien, welchen die ganze hintere Parthie mit der Ziinge fehlt. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 203 lasclika (Aleutischen Inseln) von Dall in August 1874 aus einer Tiefe von 9-15 Faden (auf Steinboden) gefischt. Der einzigen Notiz Dall's zufolge war das lehende T/iier gelblich rotlifleckig. Die in Alcohol bewahrten Individuen waren kleiner als irgend ein der sebr zablreichen Individuen der typiscben Art, welcbe ich geseben babe; sie batten zum Tbeil nocb ihre originelle Farbe bewabrt; sie zeigten sich am Stirnschilde so wio am Fusse mit den Pleuropodien bell gelbliob mit zablreicben, mebr oder wcniger gruppirten, mebr oder weniger diobtstebenden, rotben Punkten, die an der Unterseite wie an der freien Spitze des Stirnscbildes dicbter standen ; der Hinterkdrj)er gran, mitunter, bcsonders vonie, mit zerstreuten rotben Punkten; Jie Kierae weisslicb. Die Individuen waren meistens von derselben Grosse ; die Lange der Pleuropodien 7,5 mm., die Breite des Thieres bei ausjiescblase- nen Fussfliigeln 12 mm., die Hobe bis 5,5 mm. betragend. Diese Art ist vielleicbt also im Gaflzen kleiner als die typiscbe, mit welcher sie in den allgemeinen Formverbiiltnissen sonst ubereinstimmt. Der Fuss von den Pleuropodien meistens deutlich abgegrenzt ; der Scbwanz fast immer mit einer medianen, kleinen, trianguliiren, jederseits durch einen Einschnitt be- grenzten Spitze endigend ; die Pleuropodien kleiner als bei der typiscben Form, aucb ein wenig kiirzer. Das MantelgebrJime ist enger, nur binten ein wenig breiter, gerundet endigend, aber obne Spur von Peitsebe (Flagellum). Wegen der Enge des JVlantelgebriimes ist die Kieme fast entblosst, relativ grosser als bei der typiscben Art, mebr nacb unten gericbtet ; die Blatter wie bei jener, aber weniger zalilreich (16-20), und die freie Spitze derselben langer. Die Analpapille wie sonst ; die scbwarze Nierenpore dem Anus mebr genabert; die Genitaloffnungen und die Samenrille aucb wie bei der typiscben Art. Die Eingeweide scbimmerten ganz in derselben Weise und in denselben Lageverhaltnissen wie bei G. Meckelii durcb; an der oberen Seite des Stirn- scbildes nacb binten waren die scbwarzen Augen mitunter sicbtbar. Die Schale verbielt sicb aucb ganz wie bei der typiscben Art ; ganz binten war sie also spiralig, kalkweiss, radiat streifig, sebr leicht in kleine eckige Tafelcben zerbrecbend ; der Durcbmesser dieses Tbeils der Scbale meistens beilaufig 0,6-0,66 mm. betragend, der Diam. der kleinen Spira etwa 0,1-0,12 mm.; die Dicke der Scbale etwa 0,003 mm. Die grosse cuticulare letzte AVindung der Scbale aucb wie gewbbnlicb (Fig. 2). Das Centralnerrensystem wesentlicb wie bei der typiscben Art; im Ganzer scliien die obere cerebrale Commissur vielleicbt etwas kiirzer, und die cerebro- ])edalen und pleuro-pcd;ilen Connective etwas langer. In dem zweiten der linken pleuralen Ganglien kamen etwa 7-9 (grossere) Nervencellen vor, im dritten 17-20. Der Durcbmesser der Zellen bis 0,16 mm. betragend. Die Lage und die iibrigen Verbaltnisse der Aur/en wie Jbei der typiscben Art. Die Otocyslen aucb ganz wie bei der letzteren, von einem Durcbmesser von 0,11 mm. ; die Otokonien dunkler als bei (i. Meckelii, rundlicb oder oval, von einem Diam. bis 0,013 mm., ibre Anzahl etwa 6(»-80 betragend. Die Ver- baltnisse der Haut aucb wie gewobnlicb. Die Fnssdruse gelblicb, 0,8-1,5 mm. lang, die zwei Hiilften mebr als bei 204 BULLETIN OF THE der typischen Art geschieden ; die Driisenpore audi schief gesclinltten ; die Fussfurche starker, langer, sich an die Spitze des kleinen medianen Schwanz- lappens erstreckend. Die Musculatur wie bei dem G. Meckelii, somit also auch die Mm. oontrac- tores corporis laterales und mediani (dieselben, die bei den Doridieu so ent- wickelt sind). Die Mundrobre wie bei der typischen Art, das circumorale Drlisenlager abor ■weniger stark. Der Schlundkopf 3-3,5 mm. lang ; die Form und der Bau wie bei G. Meckelii. Die Cuticula des Randes des Innenmundes dunkler ; die meistens nach innen ein wenig breiteren Alandibelplalten (Fig. 1) dunkel schmutzig- braun, 0,6-0,8 mm. lang bei einer Breite nach innen von 0,18 mm. ; die Stilb- chen bis 0,06 mm. an Lange messend bei einem Durchmesser von etwa 0,009. Die Z unge a,ui:h ganz wie bei der typischen Art; bei den 12 genauer unter- suchten Individuen kamen in der dunkel-schmutzig braunen oder gelblich- braunen Ra'spel 6-9 Zahnplattenreihen vor, wciter nach hinten in der Raspel- scheid^ 8-13 entwickelte, zwei halb entwickclte und eine ganz farblose Rcihe; die Gesammtzahl der Reihen somit 20-23. Die Zahnplatten wie bei der typischen Art. Die Anzahl der Dentikel des Tnnenrandes der Seitenplatten inconstant, 12-20 betragend ; die Lange dieser Zahnplatten meistens 0,35 mm. betragend bei einer Hbhe bis beiliiufig 0,22. Die Anzahl der Aussenplattcn ist meistens auch 6, in einzelnen Reihen kamen, besonders nach hinten, auch 6 vor; die Hohe der innersten betrug 0,2, der zwei aussersten meistens 0,09- 0,08 mm.^) — Die ausseren Muskeln des Schlundkopfes wie bei dem G. Mec- kelii (und fast ganz wie bei den Doridien). Die langen weisslichen Speicheldri(sen frei liings der Speiserbhre licgend, nur mit ihrem Hinterende an dem Ende derselben befestigt. Der ganze Verdauungskanal schien auch ganz dieselben Yerhiiltnisse wi? G. Meckelii darzubieten; die Speiserohre war mitunter m einer grosseren oder kiirzereh Strecke magenartig erweitert. Der Darm wegen seines Inhalts meistehs schwarzgrau. Die Leber schmutzig gelblich, vom gewohnlichen Bau; die Oeffnungen in den Magen wie oben. Das Pericardium mit dem Herzen wie gewohnlich ; die Blul'Iruse immer schmiitzig-gelblich, .etwas kiirzer, aber breiter als bei der typischen Art. — Die Niere weisslich, auch kleiner, von gewbhnlichem Bau und von der gewohn- lichen Form; die runde, schwarze Nierenplatte (Nierenpore) unweit von der Analpapille ganz wie bei G Meckelii, von einem Durchmesser von 0,12-0,14 mm.; mit 1-2 feinen, zweifelhaften Lbchern. Die Lage der ZwitterdrUse wie gewohnlich; sie ist mehr gelblich als die Leber oder mehr rbthlichgelb ; in den Lappchen entweder keine reife Geschlechtselemente oder grosse Eizellen. Der Zwitterdriisengang wie ge- wohnlich, aber braungrau. Die vordere GeniKdmasse von einem grossten 1) Mitunter haben die Zahnplatten, besonders die der Raspelscheide, eine sender- bare, uicht eng auliegende, chitinose Hulle. (Vergl. 1. c. Taf. 17, Fig. 22.) MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 205 Durchmesser bis 3,2-5 mm., gelblicli und weisslicli ; die Spermatotheke weisslich, kugelfdrmig, von 1,5 mm. Diam. ; ihr Gang immer auch weisslicli, ein wenig langer als die Blase ; das Yerhaltniss der an die Sclileimdriise gehefteten und um dieselbe gesclilungenen Giinge liess sieh wegen der geringen Grcisse und des Erbiirtungszustandes nicht bestimmen. Das Vestibulum scbarlathroth. — Die Prostata ist wie bei der typiscben Art laug und cylindriscb, nie aber wie bei dieser mit ganz freien, um einander ge- schlungenen Windungen. Dieselben sind weniger solide, bald in ein kleines, dickes, am Kopfe des Penis eingeroUtes, etwa 2 mm. hinges Kniiuel eingerollt; bald ein viel liingeres (5-6 mm. 1.), abgeplattetes bildend, dessen ausgeroUte Windungen an Liinge 2-2,5 em. messeu; die ganz diinne Scheide, die die Prostata einhiillt, ist vorne am Grunde des Penis, hinten an die Umgegend der Cardia befestifft. Die Vorhaut des Pmis ist am (irunde dick, und an der einen Seite mebr oder weniger sackartig vortretend, nacb vorne zugespitzt ; die Liinge betrug 1-2,5 mm. ; der Penis selbst (glans) ganz kurz, kurz-kegel- formig, ohne Langsfurcbe. Fam. DORIDIID^. Corpus supra clypeis duobus discretis tectum : anterior antice truncatus, marginibus lateralibus paullum solutis, posteriore magis ; posterior marginibus lateralibus vix solutis, postice utrinque in processum alaeformem applanatum (compressum) continuatus. Podarium latum, antice et postice truncatum, utrincjue in plcuropodium evolutum, quod reflexum latera corporis et p. p. dorsum obtegere potest. — Testa interna, postiea, massam visceralem posticam p. p. obtegens. e spira minuta et anfractu singula lata formata, omnino ciiticu- laris vel spira et parte posteriore anfractus calcificata. — Branchia postiea, in latere dextro sita, magna, compressa, bipinnata. Bulbus pharyngeus colosseus, prismaticus, magnopere muscularis, sine man- dibulis et lingua. Penis sulco superficiali prseditus ; prostata magna, gemina vel simplex. Die Doridiiden sind von scbr eigentlnimlichen Fo?'mvcrhaltnissen und somit leicht kenntlich. Der Rilcten ist gleichsam von zwei Ijinglicben, geschiedenen Schildern bedeckt. Der vordere, der im Vorderrande vom kleinen Kopfe kaum gelost ist, zeigt die Seitcnrander ein wenig frei vortretend, viel mebr abgelost ist aber der hintere, welcber sieh lappenartig iiber den vorderen Rand des Hinterschildes lesen kann und sebr bewe0) das Geruchsorgan unpaar und an der rechtcii Seite, ol)en am vorderen Ende der Kieme liegend, beschreiht. Hancock (Observ. on the olfact- appar. in the Bullidaj. Ann. mgz. n. h. 2 S., IX. 1852. p. 190, note), .scheint das Origan otwa wie von Vayssiere beschrieben geseheu zu haben ; er fasst es als (leruchs- und (ieschmacksurgan auf. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 207 Windung, die etwas nach hinten gedreht ist ; sie ist entweder ganz cuticular oder docli in der Sjnra und im hinteren Theile der weiten Windung, besonders im liinteren Kande derselben verkalkt.') Di-r Schlujulkdji/^) dur Duridiidcn it^t ganz colossal, von prismatisclier Form, niit breiter unterer Grundflaehe, mit dicken muskulosen Wiinden, die durcli die Anordnung der Muskulatiir (mit den starken Querbiindern) iiusserlich an den Sclilundkopf der riiyllobranehiden und verwandter Formen erinnern ; im ganz scblaffen Zustand des Schlundkopfs tritt dagegen die Liingsstreifung ber- vor ; die Licbtung des Seblundkopfes ist pfeilformig. Es feblt jede Spur von Mandibeln und von Zunge. — Im Grunde des von einer oberfliiclilichen Furcbe der einen Seite durclizogenen Penis (glans penis) dffnet sicb eine einfacbe oder doppelte Prostata. Die Doridiulen sind ijleichsam degradirte Gastrupteren, Gastroptercn, bei welchen die bintere, die Zunge entbaltende Parthie des Seblundkopfes wegge- fallen ist, so wie uoeii dazu die rudimentiiren Mandibelplatten der vorderen Partbie ; bei welcben ferner der Ilinterkorper fast nicbt oder nur wenig vom Fusse geldst ist, dagegen an der obei-en Seite mit einem Sebilde bedeckt ; die Fussiliigel sind weniger stark entwickelt ; die am Ende des Ilinterkorpers liegende Peitscbe (Flagellum) ist etwas redueirt oder fehlt ganz. Im inneren Baue, besonders im Gangllcn- und im Genital-System weichen die Doridien aucb nicbt wenig von den Gastropteren ab. Die Doridiiden sind Tbiere von nicbt geringer Grdsse. Sie soUen Raub- thiere sein. Ueber ibre biologiscben Verbaltnisse ist Nicbts bekannt.^) Die Gruppe scbeint nur in den wiirmeren uiul tropiscben Meeresstrecken vertreten. Sic umfasst die zwei Gattungen, die achten Doridien und die Navarcben. I. DORIDIUM, Meckel. Aglaja, Renier. 1804. Doridium, Meckel. 1809. Accra, Cuv. 1810. Bullidium, Leue. 1813. Eidothea, Kisso. 1826. Mdanocldamiis, Cheesemax. On a new sp. of opisthobranchiate molb Trans, and Proc. of the Xew-Zeal. Iiistit. XIII. 1880, 1881. ]>. 224. ^) "VVie es mit anderen inueron Sclialeu oft der Fall ist, zeigt dor Verkalkuiigsgi'ad audi hier nntunter nicht geringe individuelle Verschiedenheit. -) Wie schon von Kenier uud von Meckel dargestellt, wird der gnnze Schlund- kopf im Tode oft bei dicsen Tlncren ganz liprvorerestosscn. 3) S. Lo Bianco (Notizie hiologiche. Mittli. uus der zool. St;it. zu ]\(>ai)el. VIII. 1888. p. 38.5-440) gielit luir an, dass das"J)(jr. cariiusum (aplysiadornie, d'Cli.) seine Eicr iu einer Tiefe von 30-40 Meter absetze " (I. c. p. 417). 208 BULLETIN OF THE Doridium, M. VATSSifeRE. 1880, 1885. Doridium, M. R. Bergh, die Grup[)e der Doridiiden. Mitth. aus der zool. Stat, zu NeapeL XI, 1. 1893. p. 107-135. Taf. Vlll. Clypeus dorsalis anterior sine rliinophoriis. Die achten Doridien untersolieiden sich von den Navarchen durcli das Fehlen von Rh'uiophorien an den Ecken des Vorderrandes des Vorderschildes ; sonst stimmen sie niit denselben wesentlich liberein. Von der Gattung sind jetzt mehrere Arten Lekannt oder angegeben, zwei aus dem Mittelmeere, eine aus dem der Antillen und fiinf aus dem stillen Ocean. 1. D. tricoloratum (Renier). M. mediterr. 2. D. depiotum (Renier). M. mediterr. 3. D. punctilucens, Bgh. M. Antill. 4. D. purpureum, Bgh. n. sp. M. pacif. (Californ.). 5. D. cylindricum (Clieesenian). 1. c. p. 224. ]M. pacific. 6. D. ocelligerum, Bgh. n. sp. M. pacific. 7. D. diomedeum, Bgh. n. sp. ]M. pacific. 8. U. lineolatum (11. et A. Adams). The genera of recent moll. II. 1858. p. 27. pi. 58, Fig. 4. M. pacific. 1 Dorid. tricoloratum (Renier). Taf. XII, Fig. 4. A(]laia trirolorata, Renier. Doridium Mcckelli, dei.i.k Ciiiaje. JJoridium meinhnitiaceiini, Meckel. VAYSSitcRE, 1. c. 1880. Doridium tricoloratum (Renier). Bgii., 1. c. p. 111-123. Taf 8, Fig. 1-10. Diese durch die PorKlccken des Riickens und die Poitsche des linken Ilinterflligels von der anderen Art des ^littclmcen's k-iciit zu unterscheidende Art ist kiirzlich von mir eiuer eingehendcii I'ntersiicliung unterzogen worden. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 201J 2 Dorid. depictum (Renikr). Taf. X. Fig. 9: Taf. XII, Fig. 3. Acjlaja depicta, Renter. Doridium aplyskeforme, delle Chi.\je. Doridium carnosum, delle Chiaje. Doridium depictum (Renieh). R. Bergh, 1. c. p. 123-131. Taf. 8, Fig. 11-13, 17. Aiich fiir dicse Form wircl auf meine vor kurzem erschienene Mittheilung liingewiesen. 3. Dorid. punctilucens Btiii. Dor. punctilucens, Bgh., 1. c. 1893. p 131-1.^3. Taf. 8, Fig. 16. Diese Art des Antillenmeeres unterscheidet sk-h von allon den andercn durch die feinstreifi'j;e Fiirbunu; der oberen wie le) mit gelben Flecken gewe.sen sein. Die Formverhaltnisse die gewohnlichen ; der Hinterrand des Yorderschildes MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 213 sehr stark (3,25 mm.) vorspringcnd ; die Ilinterfliigel ganz geschieden, der linke in eine 1 mm. lange Peitsclie verliingert (Taf. X, Fig. 10). Die Scliale an Breite (durch die Spira) 4 mm. messend, stark veikalkt, alabasterartig, nur mit einer schmalen, scl)wach golbliclien, cuticularen Einfas- sung des Vorderrandes; die Spira etwas vorspringend, der Fortsatz nach vorne und unten ziemlicli stark, vertieft an seinem Grunde; der reclite Theil der Schale starker, bcsonders uielir nacli hinten (Taf, XI, Fig. 5). Das Centralnervensystem ganz wie bei den anderen Arten. Der ScUundkopf 7 mm. lang, von gewohnliclier Form, grauscliwarz mit dichtstehenden gelblichweissen Querbandern, die Innenseite dunkel bleigrau. Die Spcicbeldriisen und die Speiserohre wie gewohnlich. Der o-elbe Magen etwas kleiner als der Schhindkopf, rait iinbestimmbarem animaliscliem Speise- brei erfiillt. Die Erweiterung des Darmes in der Leber wie gewohnlicli, so audi ihre Gallenoffnungen, und sein Verlauf. Die Leber grau. Die Niere weisslich. Die Zwittcrdriise dunkler als die Leber ; in den oogenen Follikeln grosse Eierzellen, in den spermatogenen Massen von Zoospermien. Der sehr starke, sehr gewundene, graue Zwitterdriisengang mit Samen gefiillt. Die lange, ausgestreckt fast 2 cm. messende, gelbliche Schleimdriise links an dem Unter- rande und an der linken Seite der Leber ruhend : die Eiweissdriise o-elblieh Die kugelftirmige weissliche Spermatotheke von 1,5 mm. Durchmesser ; die Spermatocyste gestreekt-birnformig, zusammengebogen, ausgestreckt 2,5 mm. messend. — Der schmutzig-gelbliche Penis-Sack 4,5 mm. lang (Fig. 6b) ; die Glans von derselben Farbe, mit sehr starker Furche, mit der Spitze aus der Penisoffnung vortretend (Fig. 6c). Die Prostata stark, ein wenig liinger als der Penis, von der Farbe desselben, am Ende gabelig (Fig. 6«). Diese Art wird in Farbenzeichnung sich vielleicht dem Doridium tricolora- tum des Mittelmeeres ziemlich nahen. II. NAVARCHUS, Cooper. Strateffus, ConpF.R. Proc. Calif. Ac. Nat. So. II. 1862. Nvhr , p. 202. Navarchus, Cooper. Proc Calif. Ac. Nat. 8c. III. 1^63, Aug. p. 58. Navarclius, Cooper. Bgh., 1. c. 1893. p, 133-134. Forma corporis fere ut in Doridiis, pleuropodiis elevatis attamen quasi elon- gato-cylindracea ; clypeus anterior utrinque rhinophorio involute prajditus. Die (lattung Navarchus — fiir wclche Cooper don schon vergebonen Namon Stratcgus erst angewendet hatte — unterscheidet sich von don iiohton Doridien fast nur, aber dann auch ganz auffallond durch das Dasoin von oigenen, denen der Pleurobranohon fast ahnlichon Rhinophorien. Dieselbon gehciren abor nicht dem eigcntlichen Kopfe. sondern ontwickoln sich aus dem vorderen Ecken des Vorderschildes ; an ihrem Grunde liegen innen, in den Schild ein- 214 BULLETIN OF THE geschlossen, die Augen. Falls wirklich, wie es scheint, die eigenthumlich diffe- rentiirten Hautparthien voriie an den Kdrperseiten unter deni Vorderschilde, die Riechorgane, fehlen, steht Solches aller Wahrscheinlichkeit naeh mit der Entwicklung von Rhinophorien in Verbindung. In den Formverlialtnissen iihneln die Navarclieu sonst die Doridien, sind vielk-iclit nur etwas niehr ge- streekt. Audi in dieser Gruppe koninit eiue hclialc vor, mitunter ganz cuti- cular, mitunter theilweise verkalkt, in Form mit der der Doridien ganz liber- einstimmend. Noch im inneren Baue stimmen die Navarchen vvesentlich mit den Doridien. Von der Gattung sind bisher nur die untenstehenden zwei Arten, aus dem ostliehen 'Jlieile des stillen Meeres bekannt. 1. Nav. inermis, Cooper. 2. Nav. a'nifrmaticiis, 13sli. 1. Navarchus inermis, Cooper. Taf X, Fig. 13; Taf. XI, Fig 2-5. Strategus 'niermis, Cooper. ]. c. 1862. p 202. Navarclius ineniiis, Cooper. 1 c. 1863. }). .58. Ildh. M. pacific. (Californi«>). Dorsum corporis proprii, podarium proprium et pagina externa pleuropo- diorum vinose-purpurea, maculi.>? rotundatis vel oblongis flavis ornata; pagina interna [)l('uropodiorum carnci coloris ; margo ]ilenropodiorum liber sicut margo internus appeiidicum postcriorum et rhinophoriorum coloris aurantiaci cum tfenia vicina e maculis splendide coeruleis et aurantiacis alternantibus com- posita; pagina inferior appendicum postcriorum e pu^'jnireo cujrulea. Regiones oculares albid;e centro atro. Von dieser schbnen Thierform fand Cooper in San-Diego-Bay in November 18(51 mehrere Individuen, auf Schlammboden zwisclien Secgras langsam^ grossen " Raupen " ahnlich, herumkriecliend; spiiter hat Cooper ein kleines Individiuun bei Catalina-isl. (Isthmus) gefundcn, wo ebon auch Dall das von niir unten untersuchte Individuum in Januar 1873 bei Ebbezeit zwiscben Felsenstiicken kriechend herausfisclite. Durcli die Freundlichkeit von W. H Dall liabc ich die Originalzeiohnung von Cooper vor mir gi'habt und mit seiner Beschreibung vergleichcn konner (Fig. 2-4). Der Angabe Cooper's zufolge erreicht das Ipherule Thier eine TAinrje von 3^ "bei einer Brcite des eigentliclien Korpcrs von |." — Die /o)'6eHverluiltnis!-e sind ganz prachtig. Der Riicken des eigentliclien Korpers. die Fusssohlc und die iiussere Seite der Pleuropodien sind von clncm wcinfarbigcn Purpur, mit rund- MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 215 lichen und langlichen, grdsseren und kloineren gelben Fk'ckt'n iibcrsaet ; die Jnnenseite der Pleuropuilien Heisclifarbig ; der freie Hand der letzteren so wie der innere Rand der zwei Hinterfiiigel und der Khinophorien stark gelb, und diesem Rande sehliesst sieh ein selnnales Rand von abwechselnden gell)en und prachtvoll blauen Fleckchen an ; die Unterseite der llinterlliigel purpur- seliimmernd blau-, die Gegend der Augen (innerlialb des Grundes der Ehino- phorien) weiss niit scliwarzer Pupille.') Die i-'cn/iverliiUtnisse wesentlich wie bei den Doridien, nur etwas mehr langgestreekt; der Rand des Rleuropodiums kann deni des anderen in der Mitte der Liinge des Riickens begegnen, lasst somit aber fast die Halite des Voider- scliildes und fast den ganzen llinterschild unbedeekt (Fig. 2). Cooper vergieieht das Vorderende des Thieres " dein Kopfe einer Katze," wegen der " ohren- artigen " Rhinophorien ; innerhalb des Grundes der letzteren sollen die Augen deutlioh vortreten (Fig. 2, 3). Cooper erwiilmt, dass aueh die Navarchen sich, wenn irritirt, zusammen- kugeln und auf den Riieken walzen. Von der Art lag nur ein einziges [ndividuum vor, von Dall, wie erwahnt, in Jan. 1873 bei Ebbezeit zwisehen Klippen bei der Insel Santa Catalina (Calif.) gefunden, und niir freundlieh geschickt. Die Liinge des in Alkohol bewahrten Individuuins betrug (ohne die Hinter- fliigel) 4,5 cm. bei einer Breite des eigentlichen Kdrpers bis 1,7; die Ltinge des Vorderscliildes 28 mm., des Ilinterschildes 23, der Hinterfliigel C,.5 mm. ; die Lange der (ausgestreckten) Kieme 14 bei einer Breite bis 8 mm. ; die Liinge des Fusses 30 mm . die des Schwanzes f), die flohe der Fussfliigel bis 14 mm. — Die Grund/arfte der oberen Seite war hell kaffeebraunlich, von ausserst zahlreichen gelbweisslichen, meistens der Lange nach laufenden, lan- geren und kiirzeren Linien, Strichen und Fh'ckchen durchzogcn ; die Schilder von einer gelblichweissen schmalen Randlinie eingefasst. Die Hinterfliigel dunkler, in der letzten Hiilfte oben und unten sammtsehwarz, mit abstechenden gel!)lichweissen Fleckchen und gelbliclier Randlinie, innerhalb welcher eine schone blaue. Kdrperseiten von ahnlicher Farbe wie der Rucken, aber dunk- ler und mehr schnuitzigbraun und nur mit Pnnkten und Fleckchen von gelb- lichweisser Farbe libersjiet; die Samenrille gelblichweiss ; die Kieme und das nebenliegende Hinterende des Korpers schmutzig gelblich ; die Unterseite des Schildgebrames gelbliciigrau, die des Vorderschildes hinten gegen den Rand hin schwarzlich. Der Kopf oben schwarz, in der Umgegend des Mundes gelblichgrau. Die Fusssohle schdn sammtsehwarz mit schwach braunlichem Schimmer, liherall mit zahlreichen grossen (von meistens 2,2 nmi. Diam.), kleinen und kleinsten, meistens rundlichcn, gelben Flecken ansgestattet, die in der JNlittellinie fast zu einem continuirliclien Langsbande zusammenfhcssen ; der vordere so wie theilweise der hintere Rand von einer schmrden gelblich- weissen Linie eingefasst. Die Aussenseite der Fussfliigel von der Farbe des Riickens, mit noch feineren Linien und Strichen als denen des letzteren, ') Die Farbe dpr Kieme wird nicht von Cooper erwahnt ; in der colorirten Skizze ist sie farhlos (weisslich) 216 BULLETIN OF THE welehe aher in der unteren etwa Hiilfte der Parapodien durch kleine o-elbe Flecken wie die der Fusssolile theihveise verdriingt sind; die Innenseite dieser Fliigel "schmutzig braiin mit zerstreuten gelblicliweis^sen Fleckchen, vorne und hinten ist eine breite Randparthie fast schwarz, mit etwas grosseren luid starker gefiirbten Fleckchen ; der Hand der Fliigel von einer feinen gelblich- weissen Linie eingenonimen ; die obere Seite des Schwanzes wie die Innenseite der Fliigel etwas dunkler. Die /^on«verhaltnisse wie bei den Doridien. Der Vorderschild ist "toss; die IMiinophorien wenig ausgepriigt, der Rand des Schildes ziemlich vortre- tend, besonders hinten (bis 6 mm.); der Ilinterschild etwas kiirzer, mit sehr wenig vortretenden Vorder- und Seitenriindern, dagegen tritt das abgeplattete llinterende frei und stark (bis fast 6 nun.) iiber das Hinterende des Kdrpers hervor und geht jederseits in einen abgeplatteten, horizontal vortretenden, der Liinge naeh zusammengefalteten, 10-11 mm. langen, sjntz zulaufenden Ilinter- fliigel (Fig. 3,5) iiber ; eine Schale konnte nieht von aussen gefiihlt werden. Die Kbrperseiten wie gewohnlich i)ei den Doridien, so auch die Genitalfurche, die Vulva und die Analpajjille ; die sehr stai'ke, gebogene Kicme mit etwa I'O kraftigen Federn (von bis etwa 7 mm. liohe) gewbhnlichen Raiies. Der Aussenmund war sehr ei'weitert, oben breiter und unten schra'aler, liisst unten jederseits einen gerundeten Vorsprung (Vordereude des Schlundkopfes) er- scheinen Das Vorderende des Fusses seicht ausgekerbt ; der Vorderrand etwa 1,5 mm. vortretend, mit feiner Randlinie; keine Spur von vortreten- den Fussecken ; der Hinterrand gerundet-abgestutzt ; die Fusslliigel wie gewohnlich. Die Eingeweide schimmerten nirgends durch die z'ahen Bedeckungen. Die Schale war ganz diinn und vollstiindigst biegsam, von braungelber Farbe, ohne Spur von Verkalkung, und, insoweit beurtheilt werden konnte, von Form wie besonders bei dem anderen Navarchus (und bei den Dor. depic- tum) ; ihre Lage war ganz wie bei den Doridien. i) Das Cenl7rilne7-vcns7/strni schien nicht von dem der Doridien wesentlich ver- schieden, von gelber Farl)e. Die Augen zeigten sich jederseits, unweit vom Vorderrande des Vorderschildes, als ein sehvvarzer Punkt in je einem gelben runden Fleck; das Auge war von etwa 0,45 mm. Durclimesser, mit grosser gelber Linse und scliwarzem Pigmente. Die Ohrlilasen wui'den nicht ge- sehen ; ein Geruchorgan konnte nicht entdeckt werden. Anstatt der gewbhnlichen zwei Contractores corporis mediani fand sich nur ein. der sich vorne gabclte ; die zwei Contrnctores laternlcs wie gewohnlich ; von der Kdrperwnnd lossten sich die gewbhnlichen Muskel fur den Magen und fiir die Leber ab. Die Miiiu/rdl/re etwa 7 mm. lang, ziemlich weit, aussen und innen blaugrau. Unter dersellien fand sich ein pra?orales Driisenlagcr von gcllier Farbe, und von Scheibenform, von etwa 3,5 mm. Durchmcsser bei einer Dicke von bei- liiufio; 1,2 ; sich unter dem Munde zwischen dicsem und dem Fussrande (iffnend. Der Schlimdkopf f^rxm colossal, 27 mm lang bei einer I>reite bis 15 und einer ') C'odppr zitfoloo .mill eine Scliajr g.iii/. fehlen. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 217 Hbhe bis 13 ; vollstiindig von den gewohnlichen Form- und Bauverhiilt- nissen; die Wand bis 4 mm. dick. Die Muskehi des Schlundkopfs ganz wie bei den Dori mm. Durchmesser, an etwa der Mitte der oberen-rechten Seite der Leber rubend, leer; die aiicb leere Spermatocyste grauroth, gebogen, etwa 3 mm lang. Der Penw-Sack (Fig. 13/;) am Griinde weiter, etwa 7 mm. lang bei einer Bri'ite am Grunde von 3,2, aussen und innen schwarz, mit Langsfalten der Innenseite ; am Boden ragte die dicke, nur 1 mm. lango, gell)liche, mit Liingsfurcbe ver- sebene Glans hervor. Am Grunde des Penissackes fanden sicb zwei langge- streckte, etwas abgeplattete, beilaufig 10 mm. lange, an einander gelbthete, gelblicbe Pros/a/a-Driisen, vom gewdhnlichem Baue (Fig. 13c). 2. Nav. senigmaticus, Bon. n. sp. Taf. X, Fig. 11-12: Taf. XI, Fig. 6-9; Taf. XII, Fig. 8-10. Hah. j\L pacificum (sin. Panama). Von dieser Form lag ein einzelnes, in Alkohol bewahrtes Tndividuum vor, im "Busen von Panama" mit Individuen von Pleuropbyllidia californica zu- sammen gefischt. ^) Cooper erwiihnt hier "three corneous T)0(lies;" bei dem ^on mir untersuchteu Individuuni fand sich keine cuticulare Verdickuug an den Falteu. 218 BULLETIN OF THE Pas Indivuluuin hatte eine Lantje von 25 bei ciner Ilolie bis 10 und einer Breite (bei hinaufgesolilagenen Epipodien) bis 10 mm.; die Liinge des vor- gestiilpten Schlundkopfes 8 bei einor Breite bis 5 ; die Liinge des vorderen lliiekenstiicks 8, des hinteren 9; die Ildlie der rarajjodien bis 7 mm.; die Breite der Fusssohle bis 9,5 mm. — Die Furbe war durcligehends scbmutzig liellgelblieh weiss, stark und unregelmassig schwarz und grau marmorirt und punktirt, am stiirksten an der Fusssohle ; die iiussere Ilalfte der intieren Seite der Pleuropodien abstechend einf;irbig weiss, durcli ihre ganze Ljinge ; die innere wie die Korperseiten braungrau; der Rand an der Aussenseite mit zahh-eiehen seliwarzen Fleckeben ; die Kieme "-elb. Die Kdrperform vielleicht etwas enger als bei den iichten Doridien. Der eigentliche KopJ fast auf den Aussenmund re(hieirt, weloher beim untersuchten Jndivithuun vom ausgetretenen Sebhmdkopfe staik erweitert und ausgefiillt war ; der vorspringende, ein wenig concave Kopfrand ragt jederseits (untcr dem Rhinophor) als ein tentakelartiger Ildeker vor (Taf. XII, Fig. Saa). Der Vorderschild von gewobnliclier Form ; die wellcnfdrmig gebogenen, stark geldsten Seitenrander und der Ilinterrand decken die Korperseiten so wie den Vorderrand des Ilintersehildes (Fig. G). Wo die Seitenrander in den Vorder- rand (Fig. C, 7) umbiegen, findet sieh ein (fast 2 mm. holies) Rhiiioj)hor (Taf. XII. Fig. 8), eingerollt, fast dem der Pleurobranelien iihnlieh; der eingerollte Theil setzt sich in den Seiter.rand. der aussere naih unten in den festonarti- gen Anfangstlieil des Parapodiums fort (Fig 8/;//). Ks konnte keine Spur von Geruchsorgan endeekt werden. Der Vorden-and ein wenig iibei" den Ko])f vor- springend. Der Hinterxchild (Fig fi) ein wenig liinger als der vordere ; der Vorderrand nnr wenig gelost : die Seitenrander etwas mehr, besonders hinten; der Ilinterrand schien sich nicht in der Art wie bei den Doridien in die II in- terflugel fortzusetzen ; bei dem vorliegenden Individuum wenigstens war, viel- leicht doch nur in Folge von Contraction im Tode, der Ilinterrand des Schildes gleichsam in fast seiner ganzen Breite gelost und liberragte den Ilinterflugeln (Fig. 6). Die Oberflache der Schilder war stark gefurcht und gerunzelt, wenig gewiilbt. Die H inter flilriel etwa wie bei dem Dor. depictum obcn am (Iruude verwachsen, unten ganz geschieden ; die Aussenseite convex; die Innenseite concav, von oben nach unten gerunzelt; der rechte Fliigel mehr vorspringend als der linke, und unten das Ende der (nach hinten etwas spiralig geschwun- genen) Schale fiihlbar ; mehr nach obcn und tiefer liegend ist im linken Flugel die Spira der Schnle fuhlbar ; die Rander der Fliigcl rund/.nckig, der des linken setzt sich unten in eine etwa 1,8 mm lange Peitsche (Flagcllum) fort (Fig. 11). Die Korperseiten vorn hdher, besonders da, vo ilie Riickenschilder sich begegnen ; hinten niedriger; etwas gCAvdlbt. Langs des unteren Theils der rechtcn Seite erstreckt sich die sehr ausgepragte (Fig. fi) Genita/furche, von der Vulva ab l)is an die imterhalb des Rhinophors liegende Pi'nis-Oeffnung. Die aus oincr Vertiefung uuter dem Tirunde des rccjiten Ilinterflugcls mit mehr als ihrer Ilalfte frei vortretendene (Fig. 12) Kicnie fast unter den Plinterfliigeln liegend, voile 5 mm lang, mit der Sj)itze links liber die Mittellinie des Korpers MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 219 stark vortretend ; sie ist am Grunde schmaler, dann breiter, dann in eiiier Strecke wieder verschiniilert und zugespitzt endigend ; Kings des unteren Ran- des verliiuft die weissliche Rhachis ; dcr obere Rand ist in den etwa zwei ersten Dritteln in das allnuililig ein wenig hohere IMesenterioluni entwickelt, welches die Kienie an das Dach der erwiihnten Vertiefung befestigt. Die Kieme entliiilt die kleine zusanmiengedriickte Hohle, deren diinne Wand die zur Langsaxe senkrecht stehenden, meistens schief liegenden Pinniu tragt. Die Pinna?, deren Anzahl etwa 20-25 betriigt, sind auch meistens ilirer Holie nacli tief gekluftet, und jedes dieser holilen Blatter triigt an jeder Seite schief vortretende, gebogene, parallele, diinne Querfalten. Die Kienie ist also bipin- nat. Die nach unten und hinten gerichtete, vortretende Analpap'dle rechts am hintersten Theile des Korpers, oberhalb des ausseren Theils der Kieme, liegend ; vorn und oben schien die Nierenpore sich an ilirem Grunde zu finden. Unterhalb der Mitte dcr Kieme die vortretende, nach unten und hinten ge- richtete weibliche Genitaltitfnung, die Vulva, aus welcher die Genitalfurche hervorgeht. Der Fus^ wie bei den Doridien; der Vorderrand gerade, mit kleinen fingerformigen Ecken ; der freie Schwanz abgeplattet, etwa 3,5 mm. lang, der Hinterrand (gerundet-) abgestutzt. Die Fussfliigel gross (Fig. 7), vorn mit einem Faar kuize und stark Biegungen anfangend, sich an lldhe bis an etwa die Mitte ilirer Liinge erhebend, dann wieder abnehmend um in den Schwanz iiberzugehen ; die Aussenseite eben ; die grdssere, audi durch Farbe gegen die innere stark abstechende, iiussere lliilfte der Innenseite von Quer- furchen stark durchzogen (Fig. G). Die schone, im Grunde der Ilinterfliigel eingelagerte und den hinteren Theil der hinteren Eingeweidemasse mit ilirer Fortsetzung deckende Sckale wesentlich wie bei dcm Doridiuni tricoloratum. Sie besteht audi (Taf. XII, Fig. 9) aus einem hinteren verkalkten und einem grdsseren vorderen cuticu- laren Theile. Der erste (96, 10) zeigt eine kleine, links liegende Sjiira, die sich nach vorne und untcu in eine kleine, zugespitzte Verliingerung fortsetzt; die Spira setzt sich in die ziemlich schmale, etwa 0,8 mm. breite, gleitdisam halb- niondformige, nach rechts und nach hinten etwas spiralige, am Ende etwas zugespitzte Windung fort, die liings des hinteren Randes verdickt ist. Dieser ganze Theil der Schale ist kalkweiss, hart nicht sehr zerbrechlich. Der diinnere, nicht erhiirtete, schwach gelbliche, cuticulare Theil der Schale ist fast doppelt so breit wie der vorige, mit einem scharfen, convexen Rande endigend (Fig. dn). Die Eingeweide scliimmerten nirgends durch. Das Centrnliterveiini/steni von geli)licher Fai-be; das oinluillende Neurilom diinn, ohne erliartete Cellen ; die Nervencellen theihveise si'hr gross, einen Durchmesser bis 0,2 mm. erreichend. Die cerebralen Ganglien kurz-eifdrmig, durch eine ziemlich lange supracesophagale, von dickerem Neurilem eingehiillte Commissur verbunden; ihre Connective kurz. Das linke pleurale Ganglion rundlich, kleiner als das cerebrnle ; das rechte ist doppelt, aus einer oberen rundlichen Abtheilung, kaum kleiner als das linke Ganglion, bestehend und 220 BULLETIN OF THE einer kleinen birnfonnigen unteren. Die beiden Ganglien sind durch eine ziemlicb gescblungene, lange Commissur verbunden, an welcber sich das (in der Niibe des binteren Endes der Scbleimdriise liegende) genltale GanrrUon entwickelt, welcbes aiicb aus einem rundlicben und eineui birnfcirmigen Tbeile bestebt. Aus dur vSpitze des recbten Ganglions gebt noch ein langer Nerv aus, welcber in der Niibe des Grundes der Kieme ein kleines branchiales Ganglion bildet. Ausserhalb der Gebirnknoten liegen die rundlicben pedalcn Ganglien, durcb eine ziemlicb lange pedale (und wabrscbeiulicb durcb eine parapcdale) Commissur verbunden. Die buccalen GangHen rundlicb, fast an einander stossend, vom Aussenrande drei Nerven abgcbend, und von der ganz kurzen Commissur einen sicb gleicb gabelnden. Die Augen mit scbwarzcm Pigmente ; die Nn. optici lang. Die Otocysten von ovaler Form und etwa 0,12 mm. grosstem Durcbmesser, von runden und ovalen Otokonien strotzend, die einen Durcbmesser von 0,007-0,01 mm. er- reicbten. In den Grund der Rhinophorien trat ein starker Nerv und mehrere Muskeln befteten sicb an ibrem Grund. In der Hunt kam eine Masse von verscbiedenartigen farblosen und gelbfarbigen, kleinen sackfcirmigen und liin- geren scblaucbfdrmigen Driiscben vor; dagegen nur ziemlicb sparsame ver- kalkte Zellen und Concretionen. Die Doridien sind im bocbsten Grad contractil und nebmen im Contractions- zustande mitunter fast Kugelform an, wie icb es bei (lebcnden Individuen von) Doridium tricoloratum geseben babe. Dasselbe wird bei dieser Form der Fall sein. Aucb bei dieser linden sicb neben einander an der ol)eren Seite der Fusssoble, sonst nicbt an dieselbe gebeftet, jederseits zwei, mebr oder weniger der Liingc nacb zwcigctbeilte, sebr starke, lange Uluskehi, die von der Ilinterwand der Kdrpei'bdble in der Xacbbarscbaft der Kieme ents]iringen und sich vorne am Vorderende des Fusses heften (i\im. contractores corporis mediani). Aus.'Jerbalb derselben findt'U sicb zwei andere, fast nicbt schwacbere, die ein wenig mebr nacb vorn von den 8eitentbeilen des Fusses entspringen mid sicb vorne in der (jegend des Ueberganges des Fusses in seine Fliigel heften (Mm. contract, corp. laterales). Von diesen Muskeln Idsen sicb ein- zelne Biindel, die sicb an den Seitentbeilen des Magens und der Leber beften. — Die Fussmusknlatur nicbt dick ; die quere setzt sicb, von den grossen Contractoren tbeilweise bedeekt, in die Fussfliigel binauf fort; diese letzteren zeiQ'ten ubrijens eine Verfilzuiiff von sicb in alien Ivicbtungen kreuzenden IMuskelfasern. Die Riickenmuskulatur ziemlicb diinn. Die (bei den untersiicbten Individuen) gan/, zuriickgestiilpte Mundrohre ganz kurz ; an derselben licfteten sicb mehrere ziemlicb schwacbe und einzelne stiirkere, tbeils vom Schlundkopfe, tbeils von den Korperwiinden vorn ent- springende Muskeln. Uia den Aussenmnnd, besonders unten ein starkes, weissliches Lager von perioi'aUn Driiscben, das sicb eine kleine Strecke seit- wiirts innerbalb des Fussrandes fortsetzt. — Der SrJihmdkopf dem der Doridien vollstiindig ahnlicb, >* mm. lang bei einer Ildbe von i! und einer Breite von 5, von graubrauner Farbe (Fig. 8) ; er hat eine untere tlacbe, kings der IMittel- MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 221 linie schwach (Fig. 9) ausgeholte Seite, die jederseits gleichsam durch eine ziemlicli breite gelbe Linie (Fig. 8) von den schrage nach oben und innen auf- steigenden, etwas convexen Seitenflachen geschieden wird ; die letzteren gehen oben durch einen gerundeten Kamni in einander iiber, welcher von ahniiclier gelber Farbe wie die Seitenlinien ist; der Schlundkopf ist vorn ein wenig nie- driger. Das schriige Vordereiide, die Lippenscheibe (Fig. 8«) griinlicligrau, war von Eiform, oben breiter, der Rand schwach gerunzelt ; nach innen schrage abfallend, die Mundoffnung 3,5 mm. hoch. Das Hinterende gerundet abgestutzt. Die Obertliiche des Schhindkopfes (Fig. 8) zeigte die schmale- ren, ziemlich dicht stehenden, weissliehen und gelbUchen Querbander, die nur durch die Seitenlinien und den Kiickenkamm gleichsam abgebrochen waren (Fig. 8). Die bis 1,75 mm. dicken, sehnenglanzenden Wiinde des Sc'hhmdkopfes begrenzten eine ^-fbrmige Ilohle, deren Spitzen dem erwiihnten Riickenkamme und den Liingslinien entsprachen (Fig. 9); die gewdlbfen Wiinde ganz glatt, unten fein langsstreifig, von einfacher, diinner Cuticula iiberzogen ; hinten an der Unterseite, hinter und zwischen den gerundeten Hinterenden der drei Wiilste, unter dem Pharynx fand sich ein geringer hockcrartiger Vorsprung, aber keine Spur von Zungenbildung. Hinten an den Seitentheilen des Schhindkopfes heftet sich je ein starker, von der Seiten- wand des Kdrpers herkommender Vorzieher-Muskel. Die weissen, abgeplatteten, bandfdrmigen, ganz fein hockerigen Speickel- driisen (Fig. 8rW) etwa 5 mm. lang, an den Seiten des Magens geheftet. Die Speiserohre ganz kurz. Der Magen in der grossten Strecke grau, hinten grauroth, sackformig, (zusammengezogen) 4 mm. lang; die gelbliche Innenseite niit netzbildenden starken Langsfalten ; hinten gehf er pldtzlich verschmalert in den Darm iiber. Der Darm median unten an der ausgrehbhlten Vorderflache der Leber eintretend, sich zu einer diinnhiiutigen Hbhle erweiternd, an deren Wand die ziemlich weiten Gallenoffnunuen ; schwin"-t, etwas en^er, ein weni die zweilappige Prostata. Fig. 12. Quersclmitt tier Kieiiie. Navarchus inevmis, Cooper. Fig. 13. a Samenrille, b Peiiissack, c die z\veilai)pige Prostata. Marsenia perspicua (L.). Fig. 14. Mandibc'lplatteu aus einander geschlagen, von der oberen Seite, aa Vor- ilerraud (55 X). Fig 15. Mediaue Zaiiuplatte, von oben (3.')0 X). Fig. 16. o ISeiteuzahuplatte, von der Seite, h hinteres Eude einer anderen, zuni Theil in die iliJlile der folgeuden eingeschobeu, c Kaud der liaspel (350 X). TAFEL XL Doridium (liumetleuin, Bgh. Fig. 1. Die Schale, vou der Unterscite (|). Nararchus itieniiis, Cooper. Fig. 2. Das Thier, von der Riickenseite.init zusamniengesclilagenen Pleuropodien. Fig. 3. Fasselbe, mit ausgeschlagenen Pleuropodien. Fig 4. Das Thier niit zusammeiigesclilagenen Pleuropodien, von der Unterseite; a Kienie. Fig 1-4. Copien naeh den colorirten Skizzen von Cooper (}.) Fig. 5. Hinterende des Tliieres niit aa den HiuterHiigelu, von der Kiickenseite. Nacarchus anigmntlcus, Bgh. Fio-. 6. Das Tliier niit au.sgeschlagenen Pleuropodien, von der Kiickenseite ; « ausgestossener Schlundkopf. Fig. 7. Das Thier n\it emporgeschlagenen Pleuropodien, von der recliten Seite; a wie olien. Fig 8 Schlundkopf, von der Unterseite, a Lippenscheibe, hh Mm. protractorcs bulbi, dd Vorderende der Speicheldriisen. Fig. 9. Seukrechter Querdurchschnitt des Schlundkopfes ; a untere Seite. TAFEL XIL G(txtr(>pternn parijicinn, r>gh. Fig. 1 Vorderende des Schlundkopfes (Lippenscheibe), oben a die Mandibel Fig. 2. Die kalkige Schale, von der Unter.'^cite (Vergr. 55 X). Doridiwn depictum (Renier). Fig. Jl. Die Schale eines grossen Individuuins. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 2o3 Doridium tricoloralum (Kenier). Fig. 4. Die Schale, von der Hinterseite. Doridium ocelUgerum, Bgh. Fig. 5. Die Scliale, von der Hinterseite. Fig. 6. a Prostata, b Penissaeic (Prajputium), c glans penis. Doridium purpureum, Bgh. Fig. 7. a Prostata, b Penissack (PrKputium). Navarchus cenigmaticus, Bgh. Fig. 8. Yorderende des Thieres, von der Riickenseite ; aa tentakelartige Hocker des Kopfes, liinter deuselbeu die Khiuophorieu, bb festouartiger An- faugstlieil der Pleuropodien. Fig. 9. Die Schale, von der Hinterseite; a cnticnlare, b kalkige Parthie. Fig. 10. Ivalkiger Theil der Schale, von der Vorderseite. . ^llh.tfr.i.r.c A.r J.S'ij/ .utross Sj: JSpi.if/i,i/'r /'/ 17// / 3 AUiatross' S:x'. ISfiJ Moll opzjtkobr . Fl IX. ,'"9W,«.'7t /■/ \ .Albatross" J!.v jSpj MolL. opz^tfiohr 8 Tl.Xf. M..JI. Z. iji^i'f: /'/ \/L. /i f.r.,/, /^OVfTuitti No. 11. — Cruise of the Steam Yacht " Wild Duck " in the Bahamas, January to April, 1893, in charge 0/ ALEXANDER Agassiz. III. An Account of some Medusie obtained in the Bahamas. By Alfred GOLDSBOROUGH MaYER. The Medusae described in the following paper were discovered by Mr. Alexander Agassiz during his recent expedition to the Bahamas in Mr. John M. Forbes's yacht " Wild Duck," in the winter of 1892-93. It was my good fortune to have accompanied Mr. Agassiz on this expedition as his assistant. It is by his permission that Ipublish this paper. Although we were cruising upon the Bahama Banks and oft' the Cuban joast from January 10th until March 19th, it was not until after the middle of February that the surface tows became at all remarkable for the nvmiber of specimens taken. This was due in great measure to the rough weather caused by the constant trade wind during the winter months, which rendered attempts at deep-sea hauls wellnigh imprac- ticable for a large portion of the time. It has also been conclusively shown very many times by Mr. Agassiz in his use of the Tanner net that the pelagic fauna sinks down into the ocean when waves disturb the surface, never, however, descending to a depth much greater than one liundred fathoms. After the middle of February tlie number of marine animals which came under our daily notice greatly increased, owing to the appearance of many larval forms. An interesting charoxsteristic in the distribution of the pelagic life was the frequent occurrence of "windrows" com- posed of vast numbers of individuals of a few species. For example, in the surface tow taken in Banes Harbor, Cuba, February 15, there were uncounted hundreds of Glossocodon tenuirostris (Agassiz), and almost nothing else. Similarl}', in the harbor of Nassau, upon the night of March 12th, one could not ilrag a tow-net many feet without capturing thousands of the little Discophore, Linerges vnercurius (Haeckel). These little jelly-fish were all in the same stage of development ; still lacking the marginal tentacles which characterize the adult, and their von. XXV. — NO. 11. 236 BULLETIN OF THE number was so great as to cause the water of the harbor to appear as ihough filled with scattered brown specks. After remahaing so abundant for several nights, tliey suddenly disappeared, so that we could not find more than one or two in the tow-net where a hundred were seen before. We also came across floating colonies of Ctenophores, of Annelid larvaj, and of Sagittae. These windrows of animals are no doul)t largely due to the complicated currents and tide eddies, the water of the open seas being constrained to flow through the rather narrow passages between islands. One cannot doubt that there is a plentiful supply of vegetable food for the pelagic fauna of the Bahama Banks ; for tlie little floating alga Trichodesmiura is everywhere abundant. We found it present in every tow we made, and indeed it was often impossible to keep marine animals alive over night on account of the rapid decomposition of this 'sea-weed scattered through the water. MEDUSA. Hybocodon Forbesii, nov. sp. Plate I. Fig 1. A single specimen of a medusa of Hybocodon was found in Nassau Harbor, March 19th. This species has been named for Mr. John M. Forbes, the owner of the " Wild Duck." The bell was 2 mm. in height, its walls thin and trans- parent. There were four radial tentacles ; of these only one is developed and functional, the other three being rudimentary. The single tentacle which was well developed was about 2 mm. long. Its proximal portion was stiff, and ]iro- jected almost vertically downwards from the l)ell margin. The distal portion consisted of a bullions swelling studded thickly with nematocysts. This swollen portion was highly contractile and very sensitive. It was usually carried pro- jecting inwards at right angles to the tentacle it.'elf. The tentacle diamet- rically opposite this functional tentacle was somewhat longer than the other two. The entodermal cells of the manubrium were bright yellow. The velum was rudimentary. Bougainvillia Niobe, nov sp. Plate I. Fig 2. A very interesting specimen of Bougainvillia, for which the name B. Kinhc is proposed, was taken in a surface tow in Nassau Harbor, March 18th. The bell was 6.75 nun. in height, and its apical portion was very thick. The tentacles of the bell sprung from four bulbous swellings at the bases of the radial tubes. There were between six and ei'jrht tentacles arising from each of these bunches. MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 237 These tentacles are similar in general features to those of our common iJ. super- ciliarls (Agass.). At the base of each tentacle, upon the ventral (iiinei') side, there is a dark purple pigment spot or ocellus, which projects a little from the general level of the ectoderm as a conical protuberance. The velum is well developed. Upon the lips of the manubrium one also finds four bunches of tentacles. These manubrial tentacles arise from the lips of the manubrium as four main stems ; each of these stems branches dichotomously four times, thus giving rise to sixteen tentacle tips from each lip of the manubrium. These tips are slightly knobbed, and are composed chiefly of nematocyst cells. The manubrial tentacles are very flexible, and may be observed waving gracefully to and fro within the cavity of the bell. By far the most remarkable feature of this specimen is the presence of numerous medusa buds springing from the "astric region of the manubrium. These medusa buds were arranged in four radial clusters, and contained individuals in various stages of development. I do not doubt that they become free, and thus the race is propagated asexually in the medusa stage in a manner very similar to that of the Dysmorphnsa ful- gurans (A. Ag.) found at Newport. So far as I am aware, this is the first species of the genus Bougainvillia which has been observed to reproduce in this manner. The color of tlie digestive portion of the manubrium, and of the basal bulb of the tentacles is rosin-yellow. Two new and very interesting genera of Hydro-Medusae, clearly belonging to the subfamily Irenidae as define 1 by Haeckel in his "System der Medusen," pp. 167, 199, etc., were found during the cruise. Haeckel defines the Irenidse as a subfamily of the Eucopidse distinguished by the possession of nuinerous otocysts (12-16 or more) and a distinct gastric peduncle. In these new medusae tlie peduncle of the manubrium is much less developed than in any hitherto known genus of the Irenidse. There are twelve interradial otocysts, and the four genital glands develop in restricted regions on the radial canals near the manubrium. We have given them the names Gubaia Aphrodite and Ireni- opsis primordialis. Cubaia Aphrodite, nov. gen. et sp. Plate II. Figs. 1, 3, 3. Tliis very beautiful medusa, for which we have proposed the name Cabnia Aphrodite, was found in a surface tow made in the afternoon while we were anchored off Cay Frances, on the northern coast of Cuba, February 17th. A single specimen was captured. The bell was 4.25 mm. wide and 2.7 mm. high, and of a glassy transparency. The velum was distinct and well developed. The manubrium, radial canals, and edge of the bell were slightly opaque and whitish. Tl'.e radial canals were four in number, and the genital organs were situated upon them near the region of the manubrium. They projected slightly into the cavity of the liell, and were opaque and pearly white in color. The specimen was a male. At the point of exit of eacli radial canal from tlie 238 BULLETIN OF THE manubrium there was an oval-shaped, green ectodormal pigment spot. The four lips of the manubrium were very distinct in cross-section, standing off from one another like the four arms of a Swiss cross. There were twenty-four large, stiff, club-shaped tentacles about as long as the height of the bell, and also twenty-four short cirrus-like tentacles lying between the large ones. The large tentacles were girdled at regular intervals by rings of nematocyst cells. In a state of partial contraction they showed a globe-like swelling near the distal end, terminated by the shrunken cap-like end of the tentacle. The smaller tentacles exhibited only a simple terminal bunch of nematocysts. The entoderm of the basal bulbs of all the tentacles was colored claret-purple, and there was also a green ectodermal ocellus-like spot upon the ventral sur- face of each bulb. These were similar in color to the green spots upon the manubrium. The entodermal core of all the tentacles was of a claret-purple color. There were twelve elongated spindle-shaped otocysts (see Plate II. Fig. 3) between the tentacles, three in each interradius. In each of these oto- cysts there was an oval cavity containing a highly refractive spherical otolith. It is remarkable that in this Medusa we find both otocysts and pigment spots ! The animal was very vigorous in all its movements, and remarkably tenacious of life in captivity. Ireniopsis primordialis, nov gen et sp Plate I. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6. Three stages of another curious Hydro-Medusa were found in surface tows made early in March while upon the Little Bahama Bank. It is closely allied to Cubaia Aphrodite, described above, but we prefer to place it in another genus, owing to the dissimilarity in shape of the otocysts, the greater develop- ment of the peduncle, and certain minor differences in the disposition and growth of the tentacles, which will be explained more in detail further on. The name Ireniopsis primordialis is proposed for it. The youngest specimen (Plate I. Fig. 5) possessed a transparent, thimble- shaped bell 1 mm. in height. The outer surface was scattered over with rather regularly spaced nettle capsules. The ectoderm of the cavity of the bell was of a delicate shade of pea-green. There were four simple radial canals. The manubrium, in this stage of its development, was very small, with four distinct lips. It was green in color. There was, as yet, no trace of the pe- duncle of the manubrium. There were sixteen tentacles and only four otocysts in the specimen examined. The otocysts were spherical sacs enclosing a cavity within which there was a very refractive otolith. The tentacles exhibited regu- larly spaced rings of nematocyst cells. At the bases of the tentacles there was an accumulation of green pigment. An older individual than the above (Plate T. Fig. 3) was found near Burrow Cay, March 8th. The bell had widened out and was 1.6 mm. high, and the nettle cells over its outer surface were much less conspicuous than in the young specimen. The manubrium began to show a slight trace of a peduncle. The MUSEUM OF COMPAllATIVE ZOOLOGY. 239 otocysts were now twelve in number. The tentacles in. this individual had de- veloped somewhat abnormally, so that there were twenty-seven of them. These tentacles exhibited regular rings of nettle cells, very similar in arrangement to those upon the tentacles of Cubaia Aphrodite. There were bright green pig- ment spots at the bases of the tentacles in the entoderm. The oldest specimen (Plate I. Fig. 4) was captured near Great Abaco Island, Little Bahama Bank, on March 9th. The bell was 2 mm. high and hemi- spherical in shape. The most remarkable change was the development of the peduncle of the manubrium, which now hung down for about a quarter of the height of the bell cavity. The genital organs began to appear upon the radial canals in the highest part of the bell cavity. There were twelve otocysts and thirty-two tentacles, eight in each quadrant. A drawing of the otocyst is shown in Plate I. Fig. 6 Other Hydro- Medusae which have been previously described were found during the expedition. Among these was Aglaura vitrea (Fewkes), a single specimen of which was taken in Nassau Harbor and at Grand Turk Island. Fewkes has given a good description and a fair figure of this species. We also captured specimens of Tauioia at Nassau and at Grand Turk Island. Modeeria multitentacula was found on the Little Bahama Bank early in March. This species is common at Newport, R. I. Eirene ccerulm (L. Agas.), Rhegmatodes floridanus (L. Ag.), Glossocodon tenuirostris (L. Ag.), Oceanica languida (L. Ag.), were met with at various places. Among the Dj'scophorse the following species are worthy of notice. Linerges mercurius (Haeckel), found on the Great Bahama Bank at Nassau. Aurelia aurita ? and Dactylometra lactea (L. Ag.) were very abundant in the harbor of Havana during the last week in P^bruary. Among the Ctenophorae was Idiopsis Clarkii, which was found off the coast of Cuba, in the Gulf Stream, in the mid- dle of February. SIPHONOPHOR^. Cannophysa Eysenhardtii. Plate III. Figs. 1, 2, 4. A number of specimens of the Siphonophore, described by Fewkes as belong- ing to the genus Rhizophysa (Fewkes, " On a few Medusae from the Bermudas," Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Hirvard College, Vol. XL No.^ 3), were captured during the cruise. Dr. Fewkes gives a good description and a very poor sketch, which is apparently intended to represent R. Eysenhardtii. In our opinion it would be better to adopt the nomenclature of Haeckel, and give to this species the name of Cannophysa, as it is evidently very closely allied to, if not identical with, Cannophysa Mvrrayana from the Canary Islands. (See Plate XXIV., SiphonophorsB of the Challenger Expedition.) The pneumato- 2-40 BULLETIN OF THE phore of this species, however, was spherical, and not elongated like that of C Murraxjana. The position of the pneumatopore was at the centre of a pigmented iris-like spot. The contractions and expansions of this iris-like portion caused the pneumatopore to be opened and closed like the pupil of the eye, and thus the pneuniato-sac might he freed of its contained gas. Eight bunches of hyposistic villi projected as branching sac-like protrusions from the entodermal wall of the j^neumato-sac into the cavity of the pneumatopore. An excellent description of the construction of the pneuniatophore in the Ehiz()physida3 has been given by Gegenbaur (Ban der Pneumatophoren, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. X., pp. 511-529). The hydrosoma bore only feeding polyps and tasterns. These appendages grew out from one side only of the hydro- soma, and were thus arranged vertically under one another, although when the animal was contracted, and the hydrosoma was twisted, it gave them the ap- pearance of being spirally twirled. The appendages of the hydrosoma first make their appearance just under the i^neumatophnre, and as the hydrosoma increases in length they are carried downward (see Plate III. Figs. 1,2). The feeding polyps appear tirst, then the tasterns make their appearance a little far- ther down the hydrosoma as slight protuberances just aliove the place of attach- ment of each polyp. As they increase in age, they begin to show the secondary filaments (see Plate III. Figs. 1, 2). The secondary filaments are fine hair-like structures terminating in a bunch of neniatocysts (see Plate III. Fig. 4). Two sets of muscles are found in the hydrosoma and pneuniatophore, — a peripheral longitudinal set and a deeper-lying circular system. The contractions of these two systems are very vigorous, and allow the animal to elongate itself enor- mously, so that it resembles a delicate thread of spun glass, bearing at regular intervals little bunches of glass beads, or it may draw itself up with great rapid- ity into a closely wound helix. The moutlis of the feeding polyps often e.\])and themselves out into a trumpet-shape. The hydrosoma is slightly yellowish in color, and the ectoderm of the pneumatophore is of a delicate rosy tint. We captured a number of specimens, some from the Bahama Banks, but most of them in the Gulf Stream off the northern coast of Cuba. They came up cling- ing by means of their tasterns to the wire rope of the Tanner tow-net. One specimen was found fastened to the rope when 180 fathoms of it had been drawn in; another, captured in the Gulf Stream, was found in the up[ier portion or the Tanner iiet after it had been towed at the depth of 150 fathoms. Evi- dently this specimen was then swimming within this depth of the surface. The animals were extremely sensitive to touch, and, contracting themselves into a tangled mass, they very soon began to throw off their feediiig polyps, after which they died. Figure 2, Plate III., is an enlarged view of a small individual, the actual size being indicated by the scale which accompanies it. MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 241 Cannophysa filiformis- Plate III. Fig. 3. Another species of Cannophysa, closely allied to the preceding and identified as G.Jiliformis (Plate III. Fig. 3), was taken from the Gulf Stream near Ha- vana. The differences between this species and C. Eysenhardtii are best seen by comparing the figures of Plate III. with one another. The pneumatophore of G. filiformis is pear-shaped instead of spherical. The feeding polyps are more triangular in cross-section, and the secondary filaments of the tasterna end in large bulb-like swellings, the entoderm of wliich exhibits cumulous masses of dark purple pigment. The single specimen which was captured came up clinging to the wire rope of the Tanner net when only 36 feet of this rope had been drawn in. It is indeed remarkable that this species of a family which Haeckel considers so characteristic of the deep sea should have been found swimming within 36 feet of the surface. The animal was in an excellent state of preser- vation, and on being placed in a high glass vessel full of sea-water, it discharged several bubbles of gas from the pneumato-sac, and then slowly sank to the bot- tom. The creature was highly sensitive to disturbances of the water, and any shock which was given to the vessel caused it to contract into a closely wound helix. When undisturbed it would stretch itself out into a filament of enor- mous length, bearing its bunches of feeding polyps and tasterns. Doubtless it floats in this expanded condition at various depths in the ocean, sometimes approaching within a few feet of the surface, and at others sinking to an unknown depth, although it has probably its bathymetrical limits. 242 BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE I. Figure 1. Hybocodon Forbesii, Mayer. " 2. Bougainvillia Niobe, Mayer. Figs. 3-6. Ireniopsis primordialis, Mayer. PLATE II. Cubaia Aphrodite, Mayer. PLATE III. Figures 1, 2, 4. Cannophysa Eysenhardti. 3 Cannophysa filiformis. Pl.ite I MEDUSA g ? Ilr„u>., ,/,./ IAYJ3R MEDUSm. Fig. 1. J^i ,-^y ^ % n. ^ %. '^f" %:, 1 V. ?! '■■ Li P^ /■••v n Kg. 2. •S^.-3lbe. r>>l?:SKa ^SS^^*^, t Sf- o'.fr;.;:-..'^- 1. % J^ -nC^t^'i'^-.'H'-.-ni ■— :;:i^.*3fc7 m ^. -•(■ ''-■. Mttilrr. ,J,i. R MEDUSJS.^ P1;>U- III. C» ■6^ iFig. 1. ;KS M'---. ^>-~^^ I^Sri^^-" ?3;^ fx.^f Kq. 4-. Fiq. 2 I .1. <#^^ ■ If-' %'.-• ■ =«/ I .■ 1 z-/'^--. / ii -V ^. — < — ^ %^ i:yy)'^ 't ^ ^ i ^fg' / # ig Fig. : No. 12. — Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Cornmission Steamer '■'■ Albatross,^^ during 1891, Lieut. -Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. [Published by Permission of Marshall McDonald, U. S. Fish Commissioner.] XVI. Die Pelagischen Copepoden. Von Wilh. Giesbreciit. Das Area], in welchem der " Albatross " i. J. 1891 gefischt hat, erstreckt sich von der Ost-Ktiste Americas bis etwa 147° W. und liegt ungefahr zwischen dem Aequator und 36° N. ; es gehort also dem ostlich-pacifischen Theile des " Warmen Gebietes der Pelagi- schen Fauna " ^) an. Neben dem nordlichen Theile des Atlantischen Oceans gehort der vom " Albatross " durchiischte Abschnitt des Grossen Oceans und das sudlich und westlich daran grenzende Meer zu denjenigen Theilen des Oceans, deren Copepoden-Fauna am besten bekannt schien, dank besonders der Nordramericanischen Expedition vom J. 1838-40, derjenigen des " Challenger " und der des " Vettor Pisani." Die Expedition des " Albatross " zeigt indessen, dass unsere Kenntniss jener Fauna noch sehr liickenhaft war ; denn ob- Avohl seine Fange quantitativ diirftig und arm an Individuen waren, so lieferten sie doch unter 48 Species nicht weniger als 10 neue. Wenn man dazu nimmt, dass es sich bei diesen neuen Arten keines- wegs um winzige Arten oder um solche handelt, die wegen ihrer Aehnlichkeit mit bekannten Arten leicht zu tibersehen sind, sondern dass sie fast alle zu den grossten unter den pelagischen Copepoden- Arten gehoren und durch auffallende Merkmale ausgezeichnet sind, ') Vergl. IF". Giesbrecht Systematik und Faunistik der Pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel, 19te Monographie der "Fauna und Flora des Golfes v. Neapel " herausg. von der zool. Station zu \eapel. 1802. 8.31 pag., 54 Taf. (p. 767 ff.). 244 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. SO wird man aus dem Umstand dass die Copepoden-Systematik schon bei einer Expedition von verhilltnissmassig kurzer Dauer nnd auf einem relativ gut bekannten Gebiete eine derartige Bei-eicherung erfahreu konnte, scliliessen konnen, wie weit wir nocli von einer erschopfenden Kenntniss dieser Arten entfernt sind. Audi in fauuistisclier Beziehung sind wir durch die Expedition des " Albatross " gefordert worden. Zunilchst konnte die Liste der dem Atlantischen und Pacifischen Ocean gemeinsamen Arten um eine vermehrt werden, indem sich die Identitat von Saiyphirina salpcB Glaus mit Sapjyhirina iris Dana constatiren liess. Die tlbrigen, schon beschriebenen Arten waren zwar sammtlich bereits aus dem Warmen Gebiete des Grossen Oceans bekannt ; aber fiir einen Theil von ihnen wurden durch die Expedition neue Fundorte entdeckt, welche von den bekannten um 25 bis 30 Breitegrade entfernt sind, so namentlich fiir Gaetanus miles, Undeucliceta major, minor, Euchirella galeata, Metridia curticauda, Pontella securifer. Mit besonderem Interesse untersuchte ich die Tiefenfiinge, nicht bios darum, weil sie an neuen Formen am ergiebigsten zu sein pflegen (Ko. 540a enthalt von den 10 n. sp. nicht weniger als 7), sondern audi weil ich lioffen konnte, sie als Controlle der in meiner Monographic entwickelten Ansichten liber die Verbreitung der Pelagischen Cope- poden zu benutzen, besonders in Hinsicht auf die Existenz von pletharen Species nnd auf die von mir bestrittene Verwandschaft zwischen der Pelagischen Fauna des Warmen Gebietes mit der Arctischen Oberfljichenfauna. — Es sind nun von den unten an- geflihrten Fiingen 8 mit dem Tiefennetz in Tiefen von 100, 200, 300 und 1740 Faden ansgefiihrt worden, aber nur 3 davon mit dem Schliessnetz (No. 204c bei 100, No. 540^* bei 300 und No. 3382 bei 200 Faden). Abgesehen von dem Schliessnetzfang No. 540Z' liefer- ten die 8 Tiefenfange nun lediglich neue oder solclie Arten, deren Vorkommen an der Oberflache des Warmen Gebietes constatirt ist, dagegen keine Art des Nordlich- oder Slldlich-Kalten Gebietes ; sie sprachen somit fiir meine oben erwahnte Ansicht, welche seither auch von Dahl auf Grund der Untersuchung der Copepoden des "National" bestiitigt worden ist (Zoolog. Anzeiger, 16. Jahrgang, p. 107). Nur darin, dass ? Metridia liicens Boeck, die hisher nur im Nordatlantischen Ocean und in der Churruca Bay gefunden wurde, sich im Schliessnetzfang No. 5405 bei 300 Faden Tiefe vor- fand, konnte man eine Uebereinstimmung der Tiefenfauna des Warmen Gebietes mit der Fauna der Kalten Gebiete sehen ; aber GIESBRECHT : COPEPODEN. 245 es ist keiueswegs ausgeschlossen, dass die Species zu den eury- plethareu Arten des Warmen Gebietes gehort, und ferner bin icli, wie unten beraerkt, der specifischen Identitat der Tliiere des "Alba- tross " rait der Species Boeck's nicht ganz sicher. Ich gebe nun zuerst eine Liste der Fange des " Albatross " und lasse darauf ein systeniatisches Verzeichniss der erbeuteten Ai-ten mit den Beschreibungen der neuen Species folgen. LISTE DER FANGE DES "ALBATROSS." A. Lat. 12° 34' N. ; Long. 97° 21' W. Calanus darwinii Lubb. (3 ?), vidqaris Dana (1 ?); Euchala marina Prest. (3 9,1 $, juv.); Pontella agassizii n. sp. (9 u. $, einige) ; PontelUna plumata Dana (1 ? ). B. Oberflache. Lat. 13° 33' 30" N. ; Long. 97° 57' 30" W. Calanus darwinii Lubb (1 9); Euchceta marina Prest. (19); Pontella agassizii n. sp. (9» S^ j""^'-; ^'biige). No 53. Obermiclie. 35° 7' N. ; 128° 48' 30" W. Acrucalanus gracilis Giesbr. V^) (einige 9); Ca/anus sp. (eine Anzalil un- reifer Thiere) ; Temora discaudata (iiesbr. (2 9 )• — Corycceus ohlusus Dana (19); Sapphirina gemma Dana, {I $). No. 57. Oberflache. 34° 42' N. ; 129° 52' 30" W. Pontella danai Giesbr. (einige 9 ""cl c?)- No. 58. Oberflache. 34° 35' N. ; 130° 8' W. Sapphirina gemma Dana {\ $) No. 60. Oberflache. 34° 21' N. ; 130° 40' W. Pontella danai Giesbr. (9 "• $■, wenige). — Sapphirina gemma Dana {$, einige). No. 63. Oberflache. 34° 1' N. ; 131° 28' W. Acrncalanus gracilis Giesbr. ? (19); Calanus sp. (4 juv.) ; Clausocalanus /urca^us Brady (einige 9); Pontella agassizii n. sp. (1 9)> securifer Brady (19); PontelUna plumata T>ax\?i {cmxgQ 9 "• c?) ; Temora discaudata Gieshv. (1 9i 1 jii'^-)- — Corycceus danai Giesbr. (1 9 5 3 ^)\ Onccea mediterranea Cls. (1 9); Sapphirina gemma Dana (^, ziemHch viele). No. 64. Oberflache. 33° 54' 30" N. ; 131° 45' W. Calanus minor Glaus (3 9 » 2 juv.); Centropages elegans n. sp. (1 (J); Onccea mediterranea Glaus (1 9)- 1) Da die Gliedmassen zum Theil ahji^ebrochen waren, so bin ich nicht sicher, ob die Species richtig bestimmt ist; indessen kame hochsteus noch A. longicornis in Frage. Dasselbe gilt fiir No. 63 und 3409. 246 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. No. 69. Oberflache. 33° 24' N. ; 133° 01' W. Ponlella securifer Brady {3 ^). No. 74. Oberflache. 30° 04' 30" N. ; 133° 56' 30" W. Calanus gracilis Dana (1 ?) ; Labidocera acutifrons Dana (9, S); Pontella securifer Brady (9) $)■ — Sapphirina angusta Dana (1 ^). No. 129. Oberfliicbe. 32° 43' 40" N. ; 134° 42' 30" W. Pontella securifer Brady (1 ^) ; junge Pontelliden. No. 149. Oberfliicbe. 31° 27' N. 137° 47' W. Candace etliiopica Dana (mebrere 9 u- $) ; Labidocera acutifrons Dana (9 u. (J); Pontella securifer Brady (9 u. ^). No. 150. Oberflache. 31° 23' N. ; 137° 58' W. Labidocera acutifrons Dana (1 ^), und spec, (juv.) ; Pontella sectirifer Brady (1 9,2 J). No. 152. 0-300 Faden. 31° 14' 30" N. ; 138° 19' W. Calanus robuslior Giesbr. (9 u. $ ; wenige) ; Candace etliiopica Dana (mehrere 9 ^i- c?) ; Labidocera acutifrons Dana (viele 9 "• Jj nieistens reif j ; Pontella securijer Brady (einige 9 " $ )• No. 174. Oberfliicbe. 29° 38' N. ; 142° 17' W. Candace ethiopica Dana (19); Labidocera acutifrons Dana (9 u. ^). No. 195. Oberflache. 28° 00' 30" N. ; 145° 35' W. Calanus rohustior Giesbr. (3 9); Labidocera acutifrons Dana (9 u. ^). No. 196. Oberfliicbe. 27° 54' N. ; 145° 45' 30" W. Labidocera acutifrons Dana (9 "• (?)• No. 204 a. Oberfliicbe. 27° 06' N. ; 147° 14' W. Labidocera acutifrons Dana (9 u. ^). No. 204 b. 0 bis 100 Faden. 27° 06' N. ; 147° 14' W. Calanus robustior Giesbr. (49); Labidocera acutifrons Dana (1 9)- No. 204 c. 100 Faden. 27° 06' N. ; 147° 14' VV. Calanus robustior Giesbr. (1 9 ""d 1 vielleicht zu dieser Art gehdriges un- reifes Thier). No. 452. Oberfliicbe. 29° 52' 30" N. ; 138° 24' W. Labidocera acutifrons Ttiina {\\{^\q 9 i'"*^ (^, meist reif). No. 540 a. 0—300 Faden. 35° 19' 30" N. ; 125° 21' 30" W. Calanus sp. (einige juv.); Chirundina streetsii n. gen., n. sp. (1 9) ! Euca- lanus elongatus Dana a , J iind jnv. ; Varietiit mit runden Seitenecken des letzten Thoraxsegmentes) ; Eucha'ta tonsa n. sp. (29); Euchirella galcata Giesbr. (1 9); Gattanus miles GiQiAw. {\ 9); Oa'idius p7ingrns i\. gen., n. sp. (29); Heterochceta tanneri n. sp. (1 ^) ; Lophotlirix frontalis n. gen., n. sp. (19); ^letridialucens Boeck ? (3 9 ) ""d spec. (1 juv.); Pleuromma abdomi- nale Lubb. (19); Scolcrilhrix cristala n. sp. (4 9)) persecans n. sp. (1 ^). GTESBKECHT: COPEPODEN. 247 No. 540 b. 300 Fadfn. 35° 19' 30" N. ; 125° 21' 30" W. Metridia lucens Boeck ? (2 9 ). No. 541. 0-300 Faden. 35° 25' 30" N. ; 125° 09' 30" W. EucJueta tonsa n. sp. (2 9,1 jiiv.) ; EuchireUa sp. (2 juv.) ; GahUus puncjcnK n. "-on., n. sp (1 jnv.) ; Metridia curlicaudu Giesbr. (19); Undcudueta minor Giesbr. (1 9 iind 1 juv.). No. 542. Oberflache. 35° 31' N. ; 124° 5 7' 30" W. Sapphirina iris Dana (1 ^). No. 543. Oberfliifhe. 35° 36' 30" N. ; 124° 45' 30" W. Calanus spec. (3 juv.) ; Clausocalanus arcuicornis Dana (59,1 ^) ; Pleu- romma ahdominale Lubb. (19); Uiideuchcetn major Gie^^br. (19); ^'■<-i-rphi'- rina iris Dana (2 ^). No. 2627. 0—1740 Faden. 0° 3G' N. ; 82° 45' W. Leuckartia grandis n. sp. (1 ^). No. 3382. 200 Faden. G° 21' N. ; 80° 41' W. Eucalanus elnnrjatus Dana (Varietat wie oben; einige 9 u. ^) ; Pleurumma gracile Claus (1 9 )• No. 3400. Oberflache. 0° 36' S. ; 86° 4G' W. Pontella dunai Giesbr. (wenige 9 i""! j^'^-)- No. 3409. Oberflache 0° 18' 40" N. ; 90° 34' W. Acrocalanus (jraciUs Giesbr. ? (1 9) ! Calanus darwinii Lubb. (1 9), minor Claus (2 9), vulgaris Dana (1 ^); Munops regalis Dana (wenige 9); /*/'•'"- romma gracde CVm^ (einige 9); Pontella danai (iiesbr. (19); Scolecithrix bradyi CAc^hr. (1 9). — Microsetella atlantica r>rady & Rob. (1 9); Oithona plumifera Baird (19)- No. 3434. Oberflache. 25° 29' 30" N. ; 109° 48' W. Calanus minor Clans (3 9 , und juv.) ; Eucalanus attenuatus Dana (3 9); Labidoccra acutifrons Dana (einige 9 u. ^), acutum Dana (3 9, 1 ^); Monops spec (1 ^); Pontella secnrifer Brady (1 9> 2 (J); Temora discau- data (jiesbr. (wenige 9 "• c?)- No. 3435. Oberflaclie. 26° 48' N. ; lli° 15' 20" AV. Calanus spec, (einige juv.) ; Temora discaudala Giesl)r (1 juv.). — Conjraus ohiusus Dana (I 9) ; Sapjiliirina gemnia Dana (J', wenige). 248 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. VERZEICHNISS DEE ERBEUTETEN SPECIES. I. GYMNOPLEA AMPHASCANDRIA. Familie CALANIDiE. SuBFAMiLiE Caianinae. 1. Calanus minor Claus. No. G4, 3409, 3434. — 0^-34° N., 91°-132° W. 2. C. gracilis Dana. No. 74.-30° N., 134° W. 3. C. robustior Giesbr. No. 152, 195, 20Ab (0-100 Faden), 204c (100 Faden). 27°-31° N., 138°-147° W. 4. C. darwinii Lubb. No. A, B, 3409. — 0°-14° N., 91-98° W. 5. C. vulgaris Dana. No. A, 3409. — 0°-13° N., 91°-97° W. SuBFAMiLiE Eucalaninse. 6. Eucalanus attenuatus Dana. No. 3434.-25° N., 110° W. 7. Eucalanus elongatus Dana. No. 540a (0-300 Faden), 3382(200 Faden). — 6°-35° N., 81°-125° W. SuBFAMiLiE Paracalaninae. 8. Acrocalanus gracilis Giesbr. ? (vgl. oben die Note zii No. 53). No. 53, 63, 3409. — 0°-35° N., 91°-131° W. SuBFAMiLiK Clausocalaninae. 9. Clausocalanus arcuicornis Dana. No. 543. —3G° N., 125° W. 10. CL furcatus Brady. No. 63. — 34° N., 131° W. SuBFAMiLiE Aetidiinse. 11. Gaetanus miles Giesbr. No. 540a (0-300 Faden). —35° N., 125° W. 12. Gaidius pungens n. gen., n. sp. No. 540a (0-300 Faden), 541 (0-300 Faden). — 35° N., 125o W. GIESBRECHT: COPEPODEN. 249 Diagnose des Genus Ga'idms : — Bostrum kurz, einspitzig (Taf. 1, Fig. 4) ; am letzten Thoraxseg- ment jederseits eiue spitze Zinke (Fig. 2). Innenast der hintern Antennen ungefiilir | so lang wie der Aussenast. Aussenast des ersten Fusses zwei-, des 2.-4. Fusses dreigliedrig (Fig. 1, 3) ; Innen- ast des 1. U7ul 2. Fusses (Fig. 1, 3) ein-, des 3. und 4. Fusses drei- gliedrig. S nnbekannt. Die nachstverwandten Genera sind Aetidius, Chiridius und Gae- tanus. Von Aetidius unterscheidet sicli Ga'idius durcli die Form des Rostrums, die geringere LUnge des Innenastes der hintern Antennen und die Verschraelzung der beiden proximalen Aussenast- glieder des ersten Fusses, von Chiridius durch den Besitz eines Rostrums, die grossere Lilnge des Innenastes der hintern Antennen und die Verschmelzung der beiden Aussenastglieder des 1. Fusses, von Gaetanus durch den Mangel des raedianen Stachels am Kopf und die Eingliedrigkeit des Innenastes des 2. Fusses. Species nova : 2^t(>>{/^^^s (Taf. 1, Fig. 1-4). Rumpfliinge 3,2 Millim. Die vordern Anteymen reichen wenigstens bis zum Hinterrande des Thorax. Maxillen ahnlich wie bei Gae- tanus. Vorderer MaxilUped dera vom Aetidius ahnlich, doch ist die Aussenseite des proximalen Basalgliedes ungemein stark gewolbt, und die dicke Hakenborste des vierten Lobus ist dicker und liinger als die des ftinften. Zweites Basalglied des hintern Maxillipeden etwas langer als das erste und etwa .3-mal so lang wie das 5-gliedrige Endstlick. Die Fiedern am proximalen Theile des Innenrandes des 1. Basalgliedes sind am 4. Fusse breiter, und, wie es scheint, steifer als an den vorhergehenden Flissen, worin man einen Uebergang zu den Lamellen und Stacheln linden wird, welche sich bei Euchirella an der gleichen Stelle finden. 13. Chirundina streetsii n. gen., n. sp. No. 540a (0-300 Faden). — 35° N., 125° W. Diagnose des Genus : — Rostrum einspitzig (Taf. 1, Fig. 8) ; Seitenecken des letzten Thoraxsegmentes in kurze, stumpfe Zinken ausgehend (Fig. 5, 10). Innenast der hintern Antennen umrefahr halb so lanj? wie der Aussenast ; die beiden proximalen Glieder des letztern getrennt. In- nenast der Mandiheln kaum kiirzer als der Aussenast. Aussen- und Innenast der Maxillen kurz; letztere mit 4 -j- 5 + 7 Borsten, das zweite Basalglied mit 5 Borsten (Fig. 9). Zweites Basalglied des 250 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, hintern MaxiUipeden iiber 3 mal so lang wie der filnfgliedrige End- theil (Fig. 6). Aussenast des 1. Schwimm fusses (Fig. 7) zwei- gliedrig (abei- mit deutlicher Grenze zwischen den verschmolzenen beiden proximalen Gliedern und mit Aussenranddorn am ersten Gliede), des 2.-4. Fusses dreigliedrig ; Inneiiast des 1. und 2. Fusses ein-, des 3. und 4. Fusses dreigliedrig ; Innenrand des ersten Basal- gliedes des 4. Fusses ohne Stacheln, nur mit Innenrandborste und sparlichen kurzen Spitzen. — $ unbekannt. Das Genus unterscheidet sich von Euchirella, an die es beson- ders durch die Form des Vorderkopfes erinnert, namentlich durch den Mangel der Stacheln am Basale des 4. Fusses und durch die viel reichere Beborstung des Tnnenastes der Maxillen, und von Gae- tanus besonders durch die Form des Kopfes und letzten Thoraxseg- mentes und durch die Eingliedrigkeit des Innenastes des 2. Fusses. Das ntichtsverwandte Genus ist offenbar Undeurliceta, woran sich Chlrundina in der relativen Lange der Aeste der hintern Anten- nen, dem Bau der Mandibel, der Beborstung des Innenastes der Maxillen, der Form des hintern MaxiUipeden und der Klirze und Gliederung seines Endtheiles, endlich audi in der reichern Zilhne- lung an den Endsiigen der Schwimmfiisse nahe anschliesst. Das Genus UndeucJiCBta besitzt indessen an der Maxille einige so cha- racteristische Merkraale, dass es nicht zulassig schien, eine Species in dasselbe aufzuuehmen, welche dieser Merkmale entbehrt. Da unsere Spscies nun ausserdem auch durch den Besitz einer Stirn- crista und von (wenn auch kurzen und stumpfen) Lateralzacken am letzten Thoraxsegmente, durch die vollige Symmetric seines Ab- domens und durch den Besitz eines Aussenranddorns am ersten Aussenastgliede des ersten Fusses sich von Undeurliceta unter- scheidet, so glaubte icli ftir sie ein besonderes Genus aufstellen zu miissen. Species nova: streetsii (Taf. 1, Fig. 5-10). Rumpfljinge 5,3 Millim. Stlrncrista mit stumpfer Ecke, ziemlich stark vorspringend (Fig. 8). Die vordereti Antennen dlirften (ange- klappt) hinter dem Rumpfende kaum zuriickbleiben. Die 6 distalen Borsten am proximalen Aussenrandlolms der MaxUIen sind unge- fiihr gleich dick und lang, die vorhergehende etwas. kiirzer, die beiden proximalen kurz; bemerkenswerth ist, dass das zweite Innen- astglied der Maxille ausscr einer Hinterfliichenborste nicht bloss 3, sondern 4 Borsten trjigt (Fig. 9). Zwischen den beiden ersten Aussenastgliedern des ersffii Fusses (Fig. 7) findet eine Articulation GIESBRECHT : COPEPODEN. 251 wohl nicht inehr statt, wesshalb ich sie in der Genusdiagnose als verschmolzen bezeichnete ; aber ausser dem Aussenranddorn am ersten Gliede bemerkt man zwischen den verschmolzenen Gliedern noch eine kleine Kerbe am Innenrande und ferner eine Chitinleiste die vom Ausseurande her liber die Halfte der vordern Gliedflache geht. 14. Undeuchaeta minor Giesbr. No. 541 (0-300 Faden). — 35° N., 125° W. 15. Undeuchaeta major Giesbr. No. 543. — 36° N., 125° W. 16. Euchirella galeata Giesbr. No. 540a (0-300 Faden). — 35° N., 125° W. SuBFAMiLiE Euchaetinae. 17. Euchaeta marina Prcst. No. A, B.— 13°-14° N., 97°-98° W. 18. E. tonsa, n. sp. (Taf. 4, Fi<2;. 9-10) No. 540a (0-300 Faden), 541 (0-300 Faden). — 35° N., 125° W. Die Species gehort in die Gruppe norvegica, flava und ist besonders mit ersterer Art nahe verwandt. In der Rumpflange (6-6,1 Millim.) steht sie zwischen jenen beiden Arten. Die fiir norvegica und flava so characteristischen Haarbiischel an der Bauchseite des letzten Thoraxsegynentes fehlen bei tonsa durchaus ; lateroveiitral lauft das Segment in je eine kleine Zacke aus. Die ventrale Wulst des Genitalsegmentes (Fig. 9, 10) ist grosser als bei flava, fast so gross wie bei norvegica ; ihre Form ist indessen anders als bei beiden Arten : so z. B. fehlen die beiden seitlichen Leisten von flava und die hintere 'behaarte Querleiste von nor- vegica. Das Endglied der vordern Antennen (24, 25) hat, wie bei flava, ungefahr die Lange des 19. Gliedes. Die Maxille stimmt in der Borstenzahl (9) ihres proximalen Aussenrandlobus mit nor- vegica liberein, wahrend flava dort nur 5 Borsten hat. Eine be- sondere Farbung, wie bei flava, hat die Fiederung der Schivimm- fusse nicht; das Endglied des Aussenastes des 2. Fusses ist dem jener beiden Arten sehr ahnlich, doch ragt der mittlere Aussenrand- dorn weiter als bei ihnen hervor, nahmlich iiber die Basis des endstandigen Dorns hinaus. ^ unbekannt. 252 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. SuBFAMiLiE ScolecithrichinaB. 19. Scolecithrix bradyi Giesbr. No. 3409.-0° N., 91° W. 20. Sc. cristata n. sp. (Taf. 2, Fig. 6-8 ; Taf. 3, Fig. 1-5). No. y40rt (0-300 Faden). — 35° N., 125° W. 9 Rumpflaiige 4,55-4,7 Millim. Vorderkorper gestre'ckt, der mit dem ersten Thoraxsegment verschmolzene Kopf nach vorne verjlingt und an der Stirn mit einer schmalen, aber ziemlich langen Crista versehen (Fig. 7, 8). Bostralfdden dtinn und lang (Fig. 8). Die letzten beiden Thoraxsegmente verschmolzen ; die ventro-lateralen Ecken meistens in einen kleinen, vunden Zipfel verliingert (Fig. 2). Die beiden mittleren Segmente des Abdomens (Fig. 2) etwa gleich lang, klirzer als das Genitalsegment, und etwa doppelt so lang wie das Analsegment. Die vorderen Antennen tiberragen den Hinter- rand des Vorderkorpers nur wenig; Articulation zwisehen dem 1. und 2. Gliede normal ; 8., 9., 10. und 24., 25. Glied verschmolzen ; die Antennen sind also 22 gliedrig; die Cuticula der Ober- und Unterseite ist am Hinterrande des 4. bis 22. Gliedes (bis zum 18. Gliede auch an den proximalen Stiicken des Vorderrandes) verlothet. Aussenast der Jiinteven Antennen (Fig. 5) etwa ^ so lang wie der Innenast ; proximales Imienastglied liber 5 raal so lang wie breit und liber 4 mal so lang wie das distale. Innenast der MaxlUe (Fig. 1) mit dem zweiten Basalgliede bis auf eine schwache Grenzlinie verschmolzen und ungegliedert, doch am In- nenrande mit einem borstentragenden Vorsprunge, welcher dem ersten Gliede entspricht; zweites Basalglied mit 4, Innenast mit 3-|-6, Aussenast (welcher die distale Grenze des Basale iiberragt) mit 7 Borsten ; nicht weit vom distalen Rande auf der Hinterfliiclie des Innenastes eine Querreihe von Zacken. Innenast des zweiten Maxillipeden etwa f so lang wie das zweite Basalglied. Erstes ])asalglied des 2., 3. und 4. Fusses mit langfiederiger Innenrand- borste ; erstes Aussenastglied des 1. Fusses (Fig. 3) ohne Aus- senranddorn, zweites mit winzigem, drittes mit kriiftigem Aus- senranddorn (von halber Gliedliinge) ; die Aussenranddornen des zweiten Fusses (Fig. G) luigefiihr gleich lang (der am 2. Gliede etwas Ijinger, der am ersten etwas gekriimmter als die andern); die Aussenranddornen des 3. und besonders des 4. Fusses sind klirzer als die des zweiten ; der Aussenrand des letzten Innenastgliedes- giesbrecht: copepoden. 253 geht nirgends in eine Spitze aiis. Vertheilung der Stacheln auf der Hinterflache des Aussen- und Innenastes im dritten Fusse ahnlich wie im zweiten (Fig. 6) ; im 4. Fusse felilen sie dem Aussenast, sind dagegen am Innenast reiclilicher vorhandeu ; die Vorderflache der Aeste und beider Basalglieder ist im 3. und 4. Fusse mit Reihen und Gruppen viel zahlreicherer aber auch viel kleinerer Zacken bedeckt, die sich im zweiten Fusse nur am Innenast finden. Das 5. Fusspaar (Fig. 4) ist zweigliedrig ; doch deutet eine Kerbe am- Innenrande des Endgliedes eine weitere Gliederung an. — ^ un- bekannt. 21. Scol. persecans, n. sp. (Taf. 3, Fig. 6-12). No. 540a (0-300 Faden). —35° JST. 125° W. (J. Rumpflange 4,5 Millim. -STop/ mit dem ersten Thoraxseg- ment verschmolzen ; Stirn mit ziemlich holier Crista ; Rostrum mit zwei diinnen Zinken (Fig. 10). Vordere Antenne?i liberragen ange- klappt den Vorderkorper und sind etvva als 18- oder 19-gliedrig zu bezeiehnen ; es bleiben die ersten beiden Glieder getrennt, wogegen das 8. bis 13., und rechts auch das 20. und 21. verschmelzen ; die Grenze zwischen dem 12. und 13. Gliede ist noch kenntlich, und das kurze 25. Glied ist mit dem 24. nur unvoUkommen verschmolzen ; die Einschniirungen zwischen den proximalen Gliedern sind ziem- lich tief. Der Aussenast der hintern Antennen (Fig. 11) ist wenig- stens I raal so lang wie der Innenast, und sein Endglied ist nicht viel ktirzer als seine beiden proximalen Glieder zusammen. Die Mundthelle sind nicht verkummert, die Mandihellade gedrungen und kraftig bezahnt. Ueber die Maxille kann ich keine nahern Angaben machen. Die Schlauche am vordern MaxiUqyeden schienen nur zum Theil in Pinsel zu endigen ; die Hakenborste am 5. Lobus ist kraftig, am Grunde verdickt, gegen das Ende scharf gekriimmt. Am ersten Basalgliede des hintern Maxillipeden sitzen ebenfalfs 2. oder 3 Schlauche ; zweites Glied seines Endstlickes etwas verlangert. Basalglieder der Fusse kurz, mit stark vorspringenden Innenran- dern; Innenrandborste am 1. Basalgliede des 4. Fusses gefiedert; der Aussenrand des 2. Basalgliedes des 2.-4. Fusses geht in einen Dorn aus (Fig. 6), und am Ende des Innenrandes (etwas auf der Vorderflache) findet sich eine schmale, spitze Zacke im 3. und 4. Fusse ; im 2. und 3. Fusse steht ein kleiner Zahn in der Mitte des Aussenrandes des 1. Basalgliedes (Fig. 6) ; alle 3. Aussenastglie- der tragen im 1. Fusse (Fig. 7) einen geraden Aussenranddorn, der 254 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. jedoch an den ersten beiden Gliedern diinner und ktirzer ist als am dritten, die Aussenranddornen des 2.-4. Fusses (Fig. 6) gleichen kurzen Skalpellen und haben auf der Innenseite einen scharfeu Saum. Bemerkenswerth ist die unregelmassige Bildung der End- sage des 3. Fusses (Fig. 8). Die Bestachelung der Hinterflache der Aeste des 2.^. Fusses ist zum Theil aus den Abbildungen (Fig. o. 8) ersichtlich; der Innenast des 3. Fusses hat je 3 Stache i. am 2. und 3. Gliede; im 4. Fusse ist die Hinterflache des Innena. ces ganz, die des Aussenastes fast ganz uubestachelt ; die Vorderflache des Aussenastes ist in alien 3 Ftissen unbestachelt, die des Innenastes hat einige kleine Stacheln. — Der fiinfte Fuss (Fig. 12) zeigt den Typus des Greiffusses der iibrigen Arten des Genus, ist jedoch durch die Lange des rechten Innenastes ausge- ^ieichnet. — 9 unbekannt. 22. Lophothris frontalis n. gen., n. sp. No. 540a (0-300 Faden). — 35° N., 125° W. Diagnose des Genus Lophothrix. Vorderkorper gestvec^t ; Kopfm.it dem ersten Thoraxsegment ver- schmolzen ; die letzten beiden Thoraxsegmente (Taf . 2, Fig. 2) eben- falls verschmolzen. Rostrum starr, zweizinkig ; die beiden Zinken dick, am Ende mit je einer kleinen Spitze (Taf. 2, Fig. 9, 10). Vordere Antennen 24-gliedrig : 8. und 9. Glied verschmolzen, 24. und 25. Glied getrennt. Aeste der hintern Antennen ungefahr gleich lang; Eudglied des Aussenastes verkiirzt (Fig. 3). Mandihellade gedrungen, kurz, ahnlich wie bei Scolecithrix, Die Schlauche am vordern Maxillipeden mit Pinselspitzen. Funftes Fusspaar drei- •gliedrig (Fig. 11). — $ unbekannt. Lophothrix stimmt in der Gliederung der vorderen Antennen und in den Pinselspitzen an den Schliiuchen des vordern Maxilli- peden mit Xanthocalanus und Fhaenna, im Besitz eines 5. Fusspaares mit Xanthocalanus und (den meisten Arten von) Scolecithrix liberein, sodass sicli eine nahere Verwandtschaft zu Xanthocalanus herausstellen wilrde. Eine solche mag in der Tat auch vorhanden sein ; doch ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass Lophothrix besonders im Bau der Mandihellade sich enge an Scolecithrix an- schliesst. Schon aus diesen Grunde liess sich unsere Species nicht dem Genus Xanthocalanus zutheilen, und die Schaffung eines besondern Genus flir sie wurde ausserdem namentlich wegen der Form des Kopfes und Rostrums, der Verschmelzung des Kopfes mit GIESBRPXHT : COPEPODEN. 255 dem ersten Thoraxsegment und der Verkiirzung des letzten Aussen- astgliedes der hintern Antennen erforderlich. Species nova: frontalis (Taf. 2, Fig. 1-5, 9-12). Rumpflange des einzigen (weiblichen) Exemplars 6,6 Millim. Stlrn verliingert, mit schmaler Crista (Fig. 9, 10). Die vovderen An- tennen erreichen angeklappt ungefahr das Rumpfende. Endglied des Aussenastes der hintern Antennen noch nicht balb so lang wie das zweite Glied ; distales Innenastglied breit und kurz, kaum ^ so lang wie das proximale (Fig. 3). Muxille (Fig. 5) : zweiter Innen- randlobus mit 2, dritter mit 4, zweites Basalglied mit 5, Innenast mit 3+2+3, Aussenast mit 9 Borsten ; die 4 distalen Borsten des Aussen- astes sind nur an der Innenseite geliedert, an der Aussenseite aber mit feinen Spitzen besetzt. Fiinfgliedriges Endstiick des hintern MaxiUipede7i etwa f so lang wie das zweite Basalglied ; dritter Hocker des ersten Basalgliedes mit einem Pinselschlauch. Erstes Aussenastglied des ersten Fusses ohne Aussenranddorn ; letztes Aussenastglied des 2. und 3. Fusses relativ kurz (Fig. 4) ; die dis- talen Glieder beider Aeste am 2. und 3. Fiisse (Fig. 4) bestachelt (liber die Aste des 4. Fusses kann ich nichts aussagen, da sie abge- brochen waren) ; proximales Basale des 4, Fusses mit gefiederter Innenrandborste. Endglied des funften Fusses (Fig. 11) mit 3 steifen Borsten. Die drei neuen Arten aus der Gruppe der Scolecithrichinsej die ich. eben beschrieben habe, unterscheiden sich von den in meiner Monographic der pelagischen Copepoden behandeltf- . Aiten dieser Gruppe schon durch den Besitz einer Crista an der Stirn, ferner auch durch die bedeutendere Lange des Rumpfes und den Ban des 5. Fusspaares. Nun hat aber Th. Scott in einer Anfangs vorigen Jahres erschienenen Arbeit iiber die Entomostraken des Golfes von Guinea (Transact. Linnean Soc. London, vol. 6, Part. 1) eine grossere Zahl von Scoleeithrix- Avten beschrieben und darunter auch drei, die durch eine Crista an der Stirn ausgezeichnet sind, namlich securifrons (4 Millim., 9,