WW HARVARD UNIVERSITY Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology /> Zooioa* f/> APR 18 1939 0> Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE Vol. LXXXIV REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EAST- ERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM OCTOBER, 1904 TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT-COMMANDER L. M. GARRETT, U. S. N. COM- MANDING. XXXVII. THE CILIATA: THE TINTINNOINEA BY Charles Atwood Kofoid and Arthur Shackleton Campbell With Thirty-six Plates CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A. PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM April, 1939 \ PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE There have been published of the Bulletin, Vols. I to LXXXV, No. 1 & 2; of the Memoirs, Vol. I to LIV, No. 1, 2 & 3, and Vol. LV. The Bulletin and Memoirs are devoted to the publication of original work by the Officers of the Museum, of investigations carried on by students and others in the different Laboratories of Natural History, and of work by specialists based upon the Museum Collections and Exploration. These publications are issued in numbers at irregular intervals. Each number of the Bulletin and of the Memoirs is sold separately. A price list of the publications of the Museum will be sent on application to the Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE Vol. LXXXIV REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EAST- ERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM OCTOBER, 1904, TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT.-COMMANDER L. M. GARRETT, U. S. N. COM- MANDING. XXXVII. THE CILIATA: THE TINTINNOINEA BY Charles Atwood Kofoid and Arthur Shackleton Campbell With Thirty-six Plates CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A. PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM April, 1939 THE TINTINNOINEA OF THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC WRITTEN BY Charles A. Kofoid and A. S. Campbell Conducted in Part Under the Auspices of the WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Official Project Number 165-03-6999 Serial Number 0803 847 Works Progress Number 6079-5797 District 8, Berkeley, California \>fc'^ ' CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 7 Acknowledgments 7 Distribution of record stations 9 Organology and Biology of the Tintinnoinea 10 Morphology of the body 11 Morphology of the lorica 13 Function of the lorica 19 Evolution of the lorica 20 Correlations of frequency with structural evolution 27 Relative frequency of genera and species 28 Previous investigations of the Tintinnoinea of the Pacific 34 Systematic Account* 35 I. Tintinnididae 35 II. Codonellidse 36 1. Tintinnopsis 37 2. Codonella 42 3. Codonaria 55 4. Codonopsis 60 III. Codonellopsidse 62 5. Stenosemella 63 6. Codonellopsis 65 IV. CoxliellicUe 89 CoxliellincB 90 7. Coxliella 90 8. Climacocylis 95 Metacylinse 90 9. Metacylis 103 10. Helicostomella 105 V. Cyttarocylidse 106 11. Cyttarocylis 107 VI. Ptychocylidse 117 12. Poroecus 118 13. Favella 122 VII. Epiplocylidoe 125 14. Epiplocylis 126 15. Epiorella 134 16. Epicancella 137 * Name9 of new families, subfamilies, and genera italicized. t bulletin: museum of comparative zoology PAGE VIII. Petalotrichidse 139 Craterellinse 140 17. Craterella 140 18. Acanthostomella 143 Petalotrichinre 140 1.9. Petalotricha 146 IX. Rhabdonellidse 153 20. Protorhabdonella 154 21. Epirhabdonella 158 22. Rhabdonella 159 23. Rhabdonellopsis 182 X. Xystonellidse 189 24. Parundella 190 25. Xystonella 202 26. Xystonellopsis 208 XL Undellidse 243 27. Proplectella 244 28. Undella 256 29. Araplectella 266 30. Amplectellopsis 271 31 . Undellopsis 273 32. Cricundella 281 XII. Dictyocystidse 284 33. Dictyocysta 284 XIII. Tintinnidse 310 Tintinninoe 312 34. Tintinnus 317 35. Bursaopsis 318 36. Canthariella 320 37. Steenstrupiella 321 38. Amphorella 325 39. Amphorellopsis 333 40. Odontophorella 336 41. Albatrossiella 338 42. Dadayiella 339 Stelidiellirue 313 43. Ormosella 346 44. Brandtiella 351 45. Prostelidiclla 353 46. Stelidiella 354 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA O PAGE Salpingellinae 314 47. Eutintinnus 358 48. Daturella 375 49. Salpingella 380 50. Salpingacantha 393 51. Rhabdosella 399 52. Epicranella 401 Station Records 407 Discussion of distribution 452 Summary 455 Literature cited 460 Systematic indices 463 Explanation of plates 471 REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM OCTO- BER, 1904, TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT.-COMMANDER L. N. GARRETT, U. S. N., COMMANDING. XXXVII. The Ciliata: The Tintinnoinea1 BY Charles Atwood Kofoid and Arthur Shackleton Campbell INTRODUCTION This Report deals with the Tintinnoinea, a suborder of the pelagic heterotriehous Ciliata, taken by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross" in the silk-net collections of the microplankton during an expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, under the leadership of the late Alexander Agassiz. An account of the Expedition will be found in Volume 33 of the Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College (Agassiz, 1905), and a map of its route with station numbers on plate 36. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For grants in aid of the work we are indebted to Alexander Agassiz, who, at the close of the Cruise, continued his already manifest interest in the work for several years. Without the substantial grants made by the Board of Research of the University of California from 1917 to 1936 we could not have brought to a finished, coordinated whole, the voluminous mass of detail in the records, drawings, and notes, and the often perplexing revision of the group whose previous status was one of systematic chaos. The original sketches and records of occurrence based upon the painstaking and repeated examinations of the microplankton were made with the assistance of Mrs. Elizabeth Heald Purington, M.A., 1 Printed with the aid of a special gift from Mr. George R. Agassiz. 8 bulletin: museum of compakative zoology University of California, 1911, Agassiz Research Assistant in Zoology to the senior author from July, 1910 to June, 1914, and Research Assistant to him from July, 1914 to June, 1917. Her sketches have been utilized in the text figures, and her detailed, finished Ross board drawings enhance the plates. Her skill in the portrayal of contour and minute detail by this method contributed profoundly to the beauty and accuracy of the plates. Miss Dorothy Harris made some of the drawings for the plates and text figures, and Mrs. Frieda Abernathy made some of the Ross board drawings and assisted in the reorganiza- tion of the plates. During the Cruise the senior author made daily observations and notes on the plankton collected, and throughout the course of the work has continued in closest collaboration in the microscopical, morphological, and systematic analysis of the material. He has re- solved the structures of the individuals utilized in the elaborate finished drawings, which he supervised to their completion. The junior author has utilized his research time and his vacations from his obligations as Professor of Zoology in St. Mary's College, California, for the revision of the senior author's first draft of the manuscript of all families except the Undellidse and the Tintinnidse, and for the preparation of the first draft of the manuscript of those families. Both authors have collaborated in the revisions which have arisen from new viewpoints of systematic relationships, the recognition of structures of greatest systematic value, the detection of areas of greatest environmental modification, and clearer concepts of generic and specific characters and limits. The senior author has revised and condensed the second draft to its present form. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Mrs. Laura G. Rauch for final reading of the manuscript. This report is a condensation of a much more extensive manuscript now filed in the General Library of the University of California. In the process of condensation all synonymy except that resulting from publications since the appearance of our Conspectus (1930), compari- sons of species, discussion of figures and accounts of the species previ- ously published, discussion of occurrences previously reported, 1069 text figures and all maps of distribution of species have been elimi- nated. The plates were also materially reduced both in number and magnification. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 9 DISTRIBUTION OF RECORD STATIONS Collections and methods of examination were described in Kofoid and Skogsberg (1928). Collections were utilized from 130 stations on the Cruise. A list will be found in Part IV, together with the pertinent data. A fuller account of the stations appeared in the General Report of the Cruise by Mr. Agassiz (1906). The distribution of the stations on the six lines of the Expedition is shown in Plate 36. There were 174 collections at numbered stations. Of these 79 are from the surface, 1 from 100-0 fathoms, 1 from 150-0 fathoms, 1 from 200-0 fathoms, 64 from 300-0 fathoms, 2 from 400-0 fathoms, 1 from 550-400 fathoms, 22 from 800-0 fathoms, 1 from 2031-0 fathoms, 1 from 2125-0 fathoms, and 1 from 2228-0 fathoms. In addition to these hauls from surface and deeper levels, there were incidental plankton collections at anchorages at Panama, off Easter Island, in the lagoon at Manga Reva, and in the harbor at Acapulco, Mexico; minor records from the California coast are utilized only incidentally. Records from the gut of salpse are not included in frequency percent- ages, since they are few, the level of occurrence of the tintinnids found uncertain, and the specific identity of the salpse not determined. The distribution of the pelagic stations in the several oceanic currents is shown in detail in the following table: DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC STATIONS IN OCEANIC CURRENTS Surface Total Total Total and of Number Current of Inter- Surface Inter- of Stations mediate only mediate Surface California Current 5 4 1 0 5 Mexican Current 13 0 8 5 8 Panamic Area 18 2 11 5 13 Peruvian Current 26 15 2 9 17 Easter Island Eddy Galapagos Eddy South Equatorial Drift South Equatorial Current Equatorial Counter Current North Equatorial Current 11 4 46 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 22 2 2 2 5 2 24 1 0 0 6 2 22 2 2 2 130 21 58 51 79 10 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Confirmatory data derived from material collected during the senior author's traverse of the Pacific from Seattle, Washington, to Colombo, Ceylon, and during a traverse from San Francisco to Japan in 1929-30, and from material received from the Scripps Institution and its prede- cessor at San Diego, California, as well as from the "Albatross" in Alaskan and other waters, aided us substantially in strengthening many of the conclusions reached in this report. Additional data have been secured from the cruise of the "Zaca" in the same waters during the spring of 1932, through the courtesy of Mr. Templeton Crocker and from minor collections from various sources. ORGANOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF THE TINTINNOINEA In fresh waters, such as temporary infusions, pools, and small bodies of water subject to extreme changes of environmental condition, the different orders of Ciliata, the Heterotrichida, Oligotrichida, Hypo- trichida, and Peritrichida, are all abundantly represented, especially in enriched waters. The littoral fauna of larger bodies of fresh water, such as large rivers and permanent lakes, exhibits a comparable di- versity of ciliate population, but rarely attains the large numbers, either of species or of individuals, of the smaller bodies. The area of neritic influences in salt water, including salt marshes and the littoral zone of all seas, likewise has a diversified ciliate fauna. With the increase of size of the body of water, the limnetic and pelagic ecological regions emerge and the direct environmental effects of the substrate progressively decrease and all but vanish. The ciliate fauna responds by an abrupt change, even more abrupt, in fact, than that of the retreat of the substrate, because of the relatively small sizes of the ciliates as compared with those of the larger elements of the fauna. The change in the ciliate fauna is accomplished by the reduction in, or the almost complete disappearance of all orders of ciliates except the Heterotrichida, and the predominance of one of its suborders, the Tintinnoinea. In large bodies of fresh water the plankton contains only the abundant and widely distributed Codenella crater a and a few rarer species of Tintinnidium and Tintinnopsis. In the sea, on the other hand, the suborder Tintinnoinea has been developed to an extraordinary degree as an important quantitative constituent of the microplankton. The Tintinnoinea have definite ecological relations with both the protophyte flora of the illuminated subsurface zone and KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 11 with the bacteria of the littoral region and the zone of decay of the phytoplankton near the light floor of the oceanic areas. The suborder has also undergone an evolutionary development with accompanying structural diversification until over seven hundred and fifty valid species in thirteen families and sixty-two genera have been evolved. The ecologic niches occupied in the sea by the Tintinnoinea are more restricted ones than those filled by ciliates dependent upon the sub- strate. The ciliates of the non-pelagic habitat are diversely adapted in feeding habits and utilize varied sources of food supply. Some are gross omnivorous feeders, some highly selective, some herbivores, and others carnivores. The Tintinnoinea of the pelagic fauna of the sea are primarily feeders upon nannoplankton, mainly bacteria, minute alg?e, and small flagellates, especially Coccolithophoridre, and the smaller ciliates and dinoflagellates. There is considerable evidence among them of selec- tive feeding which is reflected in the consistency and alveolar pat- terning of the secreted matrix of the lorica, and especially in the utilization of coccoliths in the lorica. Species of certain families such as the Undellidse and Tintinnidse which rarely, if ever, build cocco- liths into the walls of their lorica?, occur together with those of other families, such as the Codonellidse and Dictyocystidse, whose loricse habitually contain coccoliths. Furthermore, certain species seem to utilize particular coccoliths and not to use others. Morphology of the Body The body is trumpet-shaped with an aboral adhesive tip attached distally either at or near the center of the bottom of the lorica or on its side below the middle on its inner face. The aboral region may be drawn out in a long slender contractile stalk. A radially spreading adhesive area of attachment terminates the body. The point of attach- ment is fairly constant within the species and characteristic of the genus. The pyriform column increases distally in diameter above the stalk, its most anterior region flaring above the column abruptly in a wide, truncated segment of an inverted cone, the peristome collar, with a length considerably less than that of the stalk. Around the margin, there is, in some species, a rounded, thickened, flaring, non- recurved rim. Below this, on the ventro-sinistral surface of the column, there is usually a broad, rounded, triangular, blade-shaped, vertical lateral lobe. The rim of the peristome is not a complete circle, but is a flattened, left -wound, single-whorled spiral, enclosing the adoral mem- 12 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology branelle zone. In Cyttarocylis, Cymatocylis, Favella, Eutintinnus, Helicostomella, Amphorella, some species of Tintinnopsis, and Xyston- ella lohmanni, there is no thickened peristome rim; the column and peristome uniting evenly with a thin lobate or undulating margin with a single crescentic lobule between adjacent membranelle. The nuclear system is made up of one or more macronuclei and the same number of micronuclei. Records of larger numbers are noted in the literature of the various species (up to 300 in the case of Petalo- tricha ampulla), but in these instances the authors have not considered the mitotic state of the animal, endomixis, or the nuclear multiplica- tion which intervenes between the zygote and the first binary fission. An account of the neuromotor apparatus or fibrillar system will be found in papers by Campbell (1926a, 1927, 1929, and 1930) in Lumi- nella pacifica, Stenose media nivalis, and Favella franciscana; by Entz, Jr. (1927) in Favella ehrenbergii and (1929) in Petalotricha ampulla; and by Hofker (1931b, figs. 22, 23a, b,) in Tintinnopsis campanula. A very powerful organelle, the ciliary membrane, is found in Tintin- nidiiim fluviatile, Tdm. neapolitanum, all species of Tintinnopsis, Codo- nella galea, Codonellopsis, and Stenosemella. This organelle has been observed by Hofker (1931b, figs. 25, 27) to carry secreted material out- side and deposit it on the outer surface of the lorica. However, its absence in many genera shows that it cannot be the primary organ of lorica-formation. The membranelles alone of all the organelles of the animal are in a satisfactory position to achieve this office. The ciliary membrane, however, is probably accessory to lorica-formation in that it does assist in the adding to the upper end of the lorica after its formation. This membrane arises from, or below, the peristome rim and continues in an oblique line down the upper fourth or more of the ventral body wall to the left of the lateral ciliary field. It is a system of elongated, highly mobile, flat, brush-like cilia which arise from a single row of large, globular basal bodies. The adoral membranelles number from twelve in Tintinnidium and Codonaria to as many as twenty-four in some other genera, such as Rhabdonella. Their number seems to be constant in each species. The membranelles are relatively large, long and wide, forming squarish petal-like blades about 2.5-3.0 times as long as broad. They are in- serted obliquely on the thickened margin of the peristome. The struc- ture of these blades is very different from that of the membranelles of other ciliates and does not at all resemble that in either the Ophryos- colecida? or the Hypotrichida. For this reason it is apparent that the Tintinnoinea have only distant relations with these groups, although KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 13 Hofker (1931b) claims close connections between the hypotrichs and tintinnids on account of the supposed likenesses of the motor organelles. Each membranelle is made up of adjacent laminae, each consisting of a narrow, dense, vertical rodlet and a thin, wide, hyaline sheet. In cross-section the sickle-shaped lamina contains (1) a sticky enveloping peripheral covering; (2) a ground substance in which are (a) five or six fibrils in the blunt outer end of the rodlet, and (b) a single fibril on the convex side of the hyaline sheet. The basal granules of these fibrils are connected to the adoral fibril, which arises from the neuromotorium. In Stenosemella, at the inner edge of the base of each membranelle, above the point of origin of the accessory comb is an erect, granular, triangular organelle, the basal part of which is continuous with the distal rod of the membranelle by the granular basal portion of the latter. It is these elaborate structures in the adoral region which constitute the motor mechanism which the daughter schizonts utilize at binary fission in shaping into the new lorica the still plastic secretions poured out from the gullet. The duration of the plastic period is unknown. The lack of uncompleted loricae indicates that it must be brief. Many features in the structure of the circumoral and aboral parts of the lorica suggestive of ciliary action will be noted in the discussion of the varied genera of the Tintinnoinea. Morphology of the Lorica The Tintinnoinea are lorica-builders. Normally they live only in a lorica, or house, which they abandon only under adverse conditions. This is usually much larger than its occupant, its cavity being up to ten-fold the volume of the animal, and the wall, thin and delicate, as in most genera of Tintinnidae, becoming more voluminous only in species having loricae of great delicacy of structure, as in Climacocylis. The specific gravity of the lorica is not much greater than that of sea- water, so that it does not add to the difficulties of flotation by over- weight. The form of the lorica is very divergent in the various families. It resembles a cup, a tube, a nail, an acorn, a pointed horn, a spirally- wound horn, or a vase. Some are open at both ends, as in the subfamily Salpingellinae, and in the genera Leprotintinnus, Laackmanniella, Eutintinnus, and most species of Climacocylis. However, in most genera the oral end is widely open and the aboral closed, sharp or bluntly rounded, and often prolonged in a solid or hollow aboral horn. 14 bulletin: museum of compakative zoology Some loricse are entirely formed by a spiral lamina as in Coxliella, some species of Tintinnopsis, and Climacocylis, while in others the spiral lamina is confined to a few narrow turns of the same texture as the bowl, as in Favella. There are still others in which the anterior portion only is composed of a hyaline ring (Stenosemella) or of a hyaline spiral band (Laackmanniella and Codonellopsis), and the posterior part of a more or less rounded coarsely alveolar bowl. Annular or spiral struc- tures are almost unknown in a considerable group (Tintinnidse, Un- della). The lorica of the Tintinnoinea presents numerous and varied ex- amples of the biological phenomenon of repetition of similar structures, in both horizontal and vertical directions. Structural repetitions in the vertical direction are directly related to the ciliary membrane, the spiral adoral membranelles, and the spiraling movements of the animal. The results are seen in the spiral lamina forming repeated turns in the collar of Codonellopsis, the whole lorica of Coxliella, and the anterior part of the lorica of some species of Tintinnopsis. In other types of lorica?, such as those of Ptychocylis, Metacylis, Undellopsis, Amplectella, and Xystonellopsis, annular structure is found instead of a spiral one, and the annuli are repeated anteriorly only, as in Xystonellopsis, or even throughout the whole lorica, as in the subgenus Undellicricos. They are repeated more frequently and formed with greater perfection in the anterior region, and contain less material and are less perfectly formed posteriorly. There is thus in the annulation a vaguely defined axial gradient fading out in an antero-posterior direction. The leading part in shaping of the spiral structure of the lorica is enacted by the large lateral ciliary membrane, whose position favors its aiding the adoral membranelles in laying down the extruded lorica- forming substance in a spiral direction. This powerful organelle is present in the Tintinnididse, Codonellidse, and Codonellopsidse, and in these families there is some evidence that the ciliary membrane actu- ally does act something like a trowel (Hofker, 1931b, figs. 3, 25, 27, and 48). The ciliation of the Coxliellidse is inadequately known, but the pronounced spiral organization of the lorica of that family suggests that a ciliary membrane may be present in it also. Those families in which the organelle is definitely known to be present are, significantly, those in which the lorica is predominantly spiral. In the Ptychoeylidse, Rhabdonellidse, Xystonellidse, and Tintinnidse a ciliary membrane is lacking, and vertical modifications of structure are dominant. The Cyttarocylida? occupy an intermediate position, and there are, at least in Cyttarocylis acutifonnis, numerous short KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 15 membrane-like organelles just below the adoral membranelles. There is thus a correlation between the structure of the two types of lorica and the two types of ciliary organization. A unique coordinated repetition of several dissimilar seriated parts of the aboral region is exhibited in Xystonellopsis in which there occurs in the lorica in an antero-posterior seriation the bowl, pedicel, knob, and lance. In two species, clevei, and less completely in laticincta, the pedicel and knob are each serially repeated, the pos- terior duplicate of each being both shorter and narrower than the anterior. The knob alone is repeated in paradoxa and conicacauda. A form of diversified repetition also appears in the Codonellidse in the zonation of secondary and tertiary structure of the wall of the bowl and in the zonal arrangement of included coccoliths, as illustrated in Codonclla acuta (Plate 2, fig. 8). The lorica of the Tintinnoinea has vertical structures as well as transverse. These take the form of the vertical striae of Laackmanni- ella, Protocymatocylis, Cymatocylis, Favella, Petalotricha foli, Bursa- opsis, Canthariella, and Steenstrupiella; the anterior striae of Daday- iella; the aboral wings of Favella; the major ribs of Epicancella; the free lines of Epiplocylis; the vertical or slightly spiral ribs of Protor- habdonella, Rhabdonella, Rhabdonellopsis, and Epicranella; the striae on the pedicel of Xystonellopsis ; the vertical ribs between the anterior pair of rings in Xps. ornata; the vertical mullions of Dictyocysta, and Stelidiella; the fins or angles of Amphorella, Amphorellopsis, Odonto- phorella, Ormosella, Stelidiella, and Daturella; and the posterior fins of Salpingella, Rhabdosella, and Salpingacantha. This type of repeated vertical structures grades towards the flatter spiral type included in the horizontal structures. Some of the more spirally inclined linear striae, etc., may be the result of membranelle action in much the same way as are the spirally formed collars. It is quite probable that the activities of repeated ciliary lines during lorica formation on the surface of the body, as well as that of the repeated membranelles, are concerned with the positions and numbers of these repeated vertical structures. The numbers and positions of these repeated structures of the lorica are so distinctive of genera, and in a few instances of species or groups of species, that they must be interpreted as the result in large part of the distinctive and characteristic functioning of somewhat similar, if not in some cases apparently identical, structures. This repetition in structure and function thus assumes an aspect of functional memory, whatever that may be. The finer structure of the lorica has been very 16 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology thoroughly investigated by Daday (1887b), Biedermann (1893), and Brandt (1907). By far the most important of the foreign materials used in building or strengthening the loriea are the coccoliths of the flagellate family Coccolithophorida?. These minute organisms, which are widely dis- tributed in tropical seas along with the Tintinnoinea are one of the principal sources of food of some of these ciliates. Their skeletal buttons, or coccoliths, form the most common extraneous materials detected in the wall of the loriea. In most instances the species feeding on the Coccolithophoridse make use only of certain kinds of coccoliths, even in localities in which others are available. Thus it is probable that the ciliates select the given flagellate used as food and reject the others. Another tintinnid in the same locality may feed upon other flagellates, or at least utilize other coccoliths in its loriea. The chemical make-up of the loriea of the Tintinnoinea has been investigated in only a few genera. The early experiments of Fol (1881) eliminated the presence of all but the quite inadequately defined "chitin." Entz, Jr. (1909b) was able to show clearly that the loricse of some species at least gave a characteristic color reaction with the well known xanthoprotein test. He concluded that the loriea is made up of "irgend einem dem Keratin ahnlichen Eiweissderivat." Tests in our laboratory made by Dr. M. J. Kopac with various reagents, in- cluding Millon's, gave positive reactions for xanthoprotein in the loriea of at least two species — Favella franciscana and Leprotintinnus neriticus. Casual observations have been offered previously in connection with a discussion of the method of loriea formation (Kofoid, 1930). At least five hypotheses have been suggested, as follows : — According to Entz, Sr. (1885b), the loriea of Tintinnidium fluviatile is formed by a division of the previously existing one into two new ones, the anterior animal taking over the anterior half, and the posterior daughter the posterior half. This author clearly figures in a very convincing manner (pi. 13, fig. 3) this partitioning of the jelly-like loriea of this one species. Somewhat like this observation is the suggestion advanced by Meunier (1910, p. 115) according to which the parental loriea is broken down at fission and reworked by the daughters. Entz, Jr. (1909b, pp. 119-123) and Busch (1925) suggest that the loriea is formed by a sort of "Hautung" or surface secretion and subsequent peeling off from the outer surface of the animal at the time of division. Busch (1925) and Hofker (1931a, b) saw in certain subsurface vacuoles of the cystosome a source of material which could be used in this manner. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 17 Jorgensen (1924, p. G3) found loricse which suggested that elongated species, such as the lance-tintinnids might be formed in a different way. "It seems to me probable that we have here lorica?, developed during, or immediately after, a fission, for some or another reason not passing normally on to full development of the newly created loricse . . . One might also imagine that — by a conjugation between individuals with such very long loricse as in Rhabdonella spiralis — similar short provisional loricse were formed, later to be finished or left." He con- tinues, ". . . we should here have a p'roof that the loricse are de- veloped from the mouth backward, and not in the shape of helicoidal bands . . . Moreover, that a later stretching of the wall, when still far from being finished, takes place to some — considerable? — extent, or a process, apparently giving the same result as if the different parts (or levels) of the young lorica continue growing (developing in size) for some time after being secreted from the animalcule." It seems, however, very difficult to see how a non-living system would continue to grow or develop into so characteristic and well regulated a pattern as that characteristic of the species of the Tintinnoinea, especially when its non-living structure has at all times so little contact with the animal as does the lorica of a tintinnid. Most interesting are the ob- servations made by Schweyer (1903) on Eutintinnus wpertus and ex- tended later (1909) in his general paper to Favella ehrenbergii. This investigator found that the laterally developing peristome of the new posterior daughter grew out as a sort of "bud" prior to binary fission and that it formed around itself a hyaline subnuchal structure, or ring. Favella, as binary fission approached, threw out an irregular cloud of material of prismatic structure like the lorica in consistency. The lorica produced by the secretion, which forms a ring around the animal described above by Schweyer in the living animal, might be formed either as a spiral band or as an annular structure. The evi- dence of such bands is frequently found in many non-annulate forms, such as, for instance, in Tintinnopsis dadayi, Tps. campanula, Tps. reflcxa. Indeed, the evidence from Schweyer's observations fits in very well with Jorgensen's suggestion that the lorica forms from the oral end backward. The wall of the lorica resembles in some respects minimum area figures produced by soap films. Among loricse which resemble these most closely are those of Eutintinnus, Codonella, Codonaria, Sal- pingella, Amphorella, and perhaps Cyttarocylis. Others are, however, less similar and resemble non-minimum area figures. Among such loricse are those of Codonellopsis, Coxliella, and Favella. The origin of 18 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology the lorica? of the Tintinnoinea cannot be wholly explained with facility as a surface-tension precipitation-product by ordinary physical means, as can the shells of Foraminifera and thecate Amoebina. The reasons for this are several, viz. : the lorica is never at any stage closely applied to the body wall of the animal, as seems to be required by a simple physical explanation; the pattern of the microstructure of the wall of the lorica seldom shows evidence of strain due to surface action; the form of the lorica is such that its formation would be with difficulty duplicated by physical models; and the fact that external horizontal, as well as vertical, ribs, knobs, mullions, and the like are present, all of which are difficult to interpret as simple physical products. The wide- spread occurrence of prismatic microstructure in the wall lends itself more readily to a simple physical explanation of its alveolar patterning than do the diverse structural elements evolved in the evolutionary development of the lorica of the Tintinnoinea. For these reasons we reject the opinion that any sort of surface "Hautung" or stretching process will satisfactorily explain the formation of the lorica? of the Tintinnoinea. In Favella franciscana and Tintinnopsis rcflcxa, Campbell (1927, 1929) has identified in the "chromidial mass" commonly found in these tintinnids prior to binary fission the source of the lorica-forming substance. Entz, Jr. (1909b, p. 178) suggested that the "chromidial mass" arose from the disintegration of one of the macronuclei at the time of fission. This, however, has been shown (Campbell, 1927) not to be the case in Favella franciscana, in which the granules arise from and within the cytoplasm, possibly from secretory portions, and do not involve destruction of the nuclei. Although the granules do occur in their vicinity, the nuclei are not shrunken, nor do they disappear. The hypothesis that the granular siderophile material accumulated prior to binary fission in the anterior region of the animal near its mouth is the substance used in forming the lorica is proven by the following facts: (1) its structure is granular as if made up of material secreted by cytoplasmic activity; (2) its consistency is suggestively alveolar as if elaborated by secretion; (3) its appears just prior to fission and increases tremendously in abundance as this process pro- ceeds; and finally (4), the position in which it forms with reference to the existing organelles, particularly the gullet, is such that it may be discharged by that organelle. No other sufficiently massive accumu- lation occurs in the animal except that of this material, and the accu- mulation is always prior to fission. The accumulation of siderophile lorica-forming granules is not peculiar to Favella. We have seen it also KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 19 in Tps. dadayi, Tps. reflexa, and in a wide variety of species belonging to the several families treated in this Report. It is probably general in the Tintinnoinea. The Function of the Lorica The function and the utility of the lorica are clearly associated with the pelagic mode of life rather than with protection. The rather deli- cate lorica can be of no avail against active hunters with effective mouth parts, such as the Copepoda. Generalized feeders, such as the salpas, capture large numbers of the medium and smaller sized Tintin- noinea. The dimensions of the lorica serve as a protection only against feeders on the nannoplankton which sift out the smaller organisms, as is the case with the appendicularians. The evolutionary development of this preeminently pelagic group of ciliates suggests that the lorica has some utility as an organ of flota- tion. It is evident, however, that its overweight, however slight, merely adds to the expenditure of energy on the part of the occupant. The increase of surface of the lorica over that of the body of the animal is considerable. Except for differences arising from the contrast of a ciliated protoplasmic surface with that of the smooth or reticulated surface of the wall, it adds proportionally to the resistance encountered in rotation and locomotion, and thus increases the expenditure of energy for like movements over that of the same organism without the house. The specific surface per unit of volume of the naked ciliate is less than that of the loricate one. As an organ of notation, the lorica might even be a hindrance rather than an adaptation, unless it is lighter than the protoplasm. Except in Climacocylis and some species of Tintinnopsis with a gelatinous matrix and delicate loricae, the indi- cations are that lorica and animal have nearly the same specific gravity, so that little or no levitation is in operation. It may, however, be used for assistance in directed locomotion, and its size be adapted to tempera- ture conditions. The food of the Tintinnoinea is found above the light floor of the sea. It is known to be horizontally stratified, and diurnal movement is probable in the case of some of the species utilized as food. The great- est abundance of the Coccolithophoridse occurs in a narrow belt at the fifty meter level, as shown by Lohmann (1902). It is essential that the Tintinnoinea keep within the illuminated zone, and it is advantageous for them to live within the area of greatest abundance of food. Trop- isms to degrees and changes in illumination, to different concentrations 20 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology of food organisms, and to gravity involve directed locomotion in re- sponse to stimuli. Observations on living tintinnids under the micro- scope indicate much erratic and little directed movement. Under less contact stimulus and in the natural environment of normal illumina- tion, the freer action of constant stimuli such as light and gravity may give a better opportunity for directed locomotion. Entz, Jr. (1909b) noted a negative geotropism of tintinnids in a glass cylinder. In the event of directed movement in locomotion, the lorica takes on considerable mechanical significance. Its shape at the two ends, its elongation, its superficial spiral structures, such as the spiral shelf of Climacocylis, the spiral lines of the Rhabdonellidse, Xystonellopsis, and Salpingacantha assume an adaptive aspect. These modifications conduce to spiraling and continued locomotion in one direction. The lorica therefore seems to be an adaptive structure which is of assistance to these pelagic ciliates in maintaining their location within suitable levels of the sea and of shifting their location with changing stimuli. Possibly gravity and the direction of light are the major factors in- volved in adaptions for directed locomotion. In the absence of overweight of the lorica, the increase in surface over that of the body proper resulting from the relatively larger lorica assists in flotation upon cessation of locomotion. It increases the time and decreases the rate of sinking. Ostwald (1903a, b). When the loco- motor organelles temporarily or periodically become inactive, the spiral structures on the outer surface of the lorica tend to set up and maintain a spiraling movement on the part of the sinking lorica, and thus to delay and impede descent below the optimum level of food supply. Evolution of the Lorica The sequence of families in the following outline of our system pre- sents our opinions as to the morphological relationships and evolution of the Tintinnoinea. This system is based primarily on the form of the lorica, especially upon the minute organization of its wall and the pro- gressive development of specialized regions at and near the oral and aboral ends, shaped, respectively, by the anterior and posterior schizont at binary fission of the body. The posterior daughter retains the old lorica, and the new one is built by the two daughters after the model of the old. The new lorica is the result of a preliminary accumulation of a colloidal matrix substance which, when extruded into the sea water, hardens in a uniform or in a differentiated alveolar pattern. While it is still in the plastic condition the stereotyped behavior of the KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 21 mobile organelles, of the lateral ciliary membrane (when present), and of the two daughters as a whole, shape the forming lorica into the ancestral pattern. The structure of the lorica is dependent upon a specific secretion and an inherited type of behavior of specific parts and of the bodies as a whole, of the two daughters during their changing relations prior to, and throughout, binary fission. The results of these lorica-forming activities show varying degrees of uniformity. In some species of Tintinnopsis having amorphous ag- gregates of alveolar lorica-forming substance attached, or incorporated in, the lorica, and in the genus Climacocylis with its exceedingly tenu- ous, delicate, and very coarsely alveolar loricse, there often is great diversity of aggregation, especially at the aboral end in the latter genus, though certain features of the basic pattern remain much more con- stant. On the other hand, the lorica? of such genera as Eutintinnus and Proplectella will show an astounding uniformity within a collection or under uniform environmental conditions. Temperature modifies di- mensions, especially length, probably by affecting the functional rate and amount of lorica-forming secretion and the time within which the lorica is completed. In a general way, loricse are smaller within the species in warmer waters than they are in colder. On the whole, and in the face of environmental influences, the loricse of a species show a remarkable adherence to type. Our drawings, selected to show extremes of variation within the species, a few of which have been reproduced, have been significant in the matter of demonstrating this adherence to type. The influence of variations in the amount of lorica-forming material upon the structure of the lorica is evident in the more highly differentiated loricse, especially those with repeated rings or knobs, as in the Undellidse and Xystonellidse, in which the amount of substance in one or more of the repeated rings or knobs may be unusually variable. The influence of the amount of secretion may also be seen in the varying lengths of terminal or near- terminal structures, such as the pedicel and aboral horn. The system of the Tintinnoinea as conceived by us has as its founda- tion the family Tintinnididse with simple cylindrical or subcylindrical loricse, with a very delicate, almost amorphous matrix and, at the most, but a feebly spiral structure. The lorica is here in its simplest form. It is possible that the open aboral end is a more primitive condition than the closed one widely prevalent in higher families. This open end occurs also in Laackmanniella, an antarctic genus of relatively simple type, and in the crudely organized genus Climacocylis. It also re- appears (or survives?) in the subfamily Tintinninse of the most highly 22 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology specialized family of the whole suborder, the Tintinnida?. There is an aboral canal in the aboral horn in Favella, and in the families Rhabdo- nellidse and Xystonellidse, but this may be only an adaptation for a connecting protoplasmic strand joining the two daughters during the completion of the complicated aboral end of the newly forming lorica. The family Codonellida? is a very widely differentiated one, but is connected throughout by such progressively differentiated genera and species that to break it up would do violence to its unity. In Tintin- nopsis we find the unifying characters of the agglomerated wall, closed aboral end, and in some species a faint spiral structure. Its simplest lorica?, such as those of Tps. rotundata, intergrade with Tintinnidium. Within the genus some of the structures characteristic of the other genera of the family emerge, such as flaring collar, rotund bowl, and tapering aboral horn. The genus Codonella advances to a neatly differentiated alveolar wall, collar, nuchal constriction, and bowl; Codonaria adds the suboral cone superposed above the collar; and Codonopsis develops the suboral ledge. The aboral horn is scarcely developed in this family, and there is no hyaline spiraled collar. The family Codonellopsidse adds the spiraled hyaline collar, counter- balanced as it lengthens by the elongation of the aboral horn. The genus Laackmanniella retains the primitive features of a subcylindrical bowl and open aboral end characterizing Leprotintinnus in the Tintin- nididse, but Codonellopsis has the bowl and aboral horn of the higher species of Codonella. The family Coxliellidse is one in which spiral structure is very highly emphasized, appearing in the whole or greater part of the lorica. In this respect it is derivable from the spiraled lorica? of Tintinnopsis, but lacks agglomerations in Coxliella, and adds a spiral shelf in Climaco- cylis. The latter genus retains the agglomerated structure of Tintin- nopsis and the open aboral end of Leprotintinnus. In the subfamily Metacylinse the spiraling is restricted to the suboral region, the wall is freed from agglomeration, the aboral end is closed, and the alveola- tion of the lorica is reduced. In this family the development of the spiral lamina in the formation of the lorica reaches its culmination in the suborder. The Coxliellidse thus represent a lateral development from the lower Codonellopsida?. The family Cyttarocylidse forms another rather isolated offshoot from the collared type of the Codonellidse, such as Tintinnopsis schotti or Codonella acuta, with an aborally pointed bowl, nuchal constriction, and shelf. Its distinguishing characters are in its regularly reticulated pattern of wall structure and its more conical bowl. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 23 The family Ptychocylidse is primarily composed of circumpolar Tintinnoinea in which a series of characters uniformly more highly developed in the higher families appear in varying degrees of emer- gence, from a mere trace to a well developed state. At first sight the family seems incoherent, but its unity will appear more clearly when its basic position is analyzed. In the first place, its most primitive genus, Poroecus, is derivable from cylindrical types of Tintinnopsis, such as Tsp. beroidca or Tps. strigosa. There are, however, no agglom- erations on the wall and coccoliths are utilized. The prophetic charac- ters in this simple type of lorica are that (1) the aboral horn, when present, tends to be stout, as in some Ptychocylis and some Cricun- della (Undellidse); (2) incipient annular expansions of the cylindrical lorica appear in Poroecus annulatus, as also in Favella and Ptycho- cylis, and in a highly developed condition in the Undellidse (Amplec- tella, Cricundella) and Xystonellidse (Xystonellopsis) ; (3) the elonga- tion of the bowl progresses within the family in Favella, and especially in Parafavella and some species of Cymatocylis, and attains its highest development outside of certain genera of the Tintinnidse, in the related families of Rhabdonellidse and Xystonellidse; (4) the development of the aboral horn, which is only feebly evolved in Poroecus and Ptycho- cylis, reaches a higher development in Favella, and especially in some species of Cymatocylis, within the family, while in higher families, such as the Rhabdonellidse and Xystonellidse, it is a fairly constant and often highly developed feature of the lorica; (5) the circumoral structures, lacking in Poroecus and, in part, in Favella, are variously developed in Cymatocylis and Ptychocylis with a slight rim, channel, or denticulate crest, but never to the extent that the suboral region is elaborated in the Rhabdonellidse and Xystonellidse, and the denticu- late crest in Parafavella and denticulations in the Petalotrichidse; and, finally, (6) the structure of the wall is rather primitive without marked reticulations, but often with feeble longitudinal plications, as in Ptychocylis and especially in Cymatocylis, but never so highly de- veloped as the free lines of the Epiplocylidse, or the ribs of the Rhab- donellidse. The Ptychocylidse are thus a rather basic family from which the Epiplocylidse, Petalotrichidse, Rhabdonellidse, Xystonellidse, and Undellidse may be derived. The characteristics of all these families are foreshadowed in the Ptychocylidse. The family Epiplocylidse is formed by a coherent group of three genera, Epiplocylis, Epiorella, and Epicancella, all characterized by a stout, goblet-shaped bowl with incipient or stout aboral horn, and a wall with heavy reticulations aborally and a feeble development of free 24 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology longitudinal spiral lines. Epiplocylis has no cireumoral development beyond a prophetic suboral thickening, but in Epiorella and Epican- cella the suboral collar with shelf and channel is variously developed, as in some of the Rhabdonellidse and the Xystonellidse. The complete disappearance of the aborally located reticulations would give rise to a short, Parundella-like (Xystonellidse) or Proplectella-like (Undellidse) lorica. The disappearance of the cross-reticulations and conservation of the full-length spiral lines in Epicancella would give rise to a short- bowled lorica of the Rhabdonella amor type. There are, thus, in the Epiplocylidse definite structural features relating this family to the three higher families, Rhabdonellidse, Xystonellidse, and Undellidse. It is intermediate between the Ptychocylidse and these three. The family Petalotrichidse is rather a heterogeneous group made less diverse by the transfer, introduced in this paper, of Metacylis with spiral collar, to the Coxliellidse. The distinguishing characters are the hyaline or minutely alveolar wall, the more or less primitive form of suboral structures, the stout, bowl-shaped lorica (elongated only in Petalotricha foli) , and the cireumoral denticulations (lacking in Crater- ella and feebly developed in Petalotricha). This family may be re- garded as an offshoot of (1) minute tropical genera with cup-shaped loriese (Craterella, Acanthostomella) from the Ptychocylidse, without higher derivatives, and (2) a group (Petalotricha and Wailesia) with larger, more elongate loriese characterized by small surboral fenestral and longitudinal striae. The shape of the lorica and form of the collar of Petalotricha resemble those of the Cyttarocylidse, whereas in Waile- sia the larger suboral windows are prophetic of the loricse of the Dictyoeystidse. This lack of unity in the family Petalotrichidse suggests that it is a composite in part derived from the Ptychocylidse, and in part from the Cyttarocylidse. The family Rhabdonellidse, on the other hand, is a unified and com- pact group, characterized almost throughout by an elongated lorica and a wall with primary and secondary prisms only, and always with longitudinal strise or ribs on the whole lorica. In it the tendency to form strise, seen in the Ptychocylidse in Cymatocylis and Ptychocylis, and in the Petalotrichinse, reaches its culmination. The family is a dominant one in tropical seas, where it attains considerable speciation and great numbers of individuals. The progress within the family is considerable, from the small, simple species of Protorhabdonella to the large species of Rhabdonellopsis with well developed cireumoral struc- tures, aboral knob and horn, and great elongation of lorica.' The family Xystonellidse is likewise a dominant one in the tropical KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 25 plankton, except for Parafavella of Arctic seas. It differs mainly from the Rhabdonellidse in the absence of stria? on the lorica, except for lingering remnants on the pedicel. It retains the simplified hyaline wall with only primary alveoli in Parundella, but has large secondary prisms in Xystonella and Xystonellopsis ; evolves the cireumoral region from the primitive unmodified state in Parundella to the elaborate rim, gutter, and repeated rings, even with vertical bars, in Xystonellopsis; and also progresses from the simple immature lorica of Parundella minor to the elongated, massive, and very complex Xystonellopsis ornata. The genus Parafavella is an appendix to the family with reticulate wall and denticulate rim. It was placed here primarily because of the highly developed secondary prismatic wall and aboral horn. Its relationships to Favella (Ptychocylidse) are indicated by the shape of bowl and horn, toothed oral rim (scarcely evident in Favella), and structure of the wall (less prominent in Favella). Parafavella is a transition genus between the Ptychocylidae and the Xystonellidse. The family Undellidae is largely a tropical one, usually of small size, simple structure, with cup- or goblet-shaped hyaline lorica. The wall lacks secondary prisms and striae, possibly secondarily derived from a Porcecus condition. Its inner and outer lamina? are very distinct and the intermediate layer is sharply defined but usually not clearly pris- matic. The structure of the lorica is exceedingly simple in Proplectella and Undella. Amplectella, Amplectellopsis, and Cricundella add re- peated rings to the shaft of the bowl, and Undellopsis adds a suboral ledge. ^Yithin the family, and even within some of the genera (Amplec- tella, Cricundella, and Undellopsis), there is a progressive evolution of annulation, seen also in Xystonellopsis. A tendency toward the Un- della type of lorica may be seen in Porcecus (Ptychocylidae), in the upper part of the bowl of Epiplocylis (Epiplocylidae), in the small size, hyaline wall, and cup-shaped lorica of the Craterellinee (Petalotri- ehidse), in the shape of the small lorica of Protorhabdonella (Rhab- donellidae), and in the hyaline laminate wall and the shape of lorica of the smaller species of Parundella (Xystonellidse). The relationships of this unique family are most clearly defined with the Xystonellidse, from whose simplest representatives it may have been derived. The family Dictyocystidse is one of the most neatly distinguished and strikingly uniform families of the Tintinnoinea. It contains only two genera, Luminella and Dictyocysta, both with a lorica with a globose bowl and a collar with windows. The bowl and its wall and the shape of the collar relate the Dictyocystidse to the simpler species of Codonella, such as C. national-is, but the hyaline structure of the collar 26 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology relates it to the Codonellopsidae, from which it differs in the substitu- tion of vertical subdivisions for spiral. The genus Luminella forms a connecting link with the Codonellidae. The genus Dictyocysta, on the other hand, exhibits two significant features which appear to be pro- phetic of the Tintinnidae, namely, the hyaline, homogeneous structure of the collar resembling the basic wall structure of the Tintinnidae, and the vertical ribs of the collar. Vertical structures appear in the Tintin- nidae in the rings, striae, or facets of Bursaopsis, Amphorella, Steen- strupiella, Amphorellopsis, Odontophorella, Dadayiella, Ormosella, Stelidella, Daturella, Salpingella, Salpingacantha, and Epicranella. The significance of the change from the spiral to the vertical basis of structure is so important that we place the Dictyocystidae remote from the ancestral Codonellidae and near to the Tintinnidae. The Tintinnidae are regarded by us as the apex of evolution in the Tintinnoinea. The reasons for this allocation are as follows: (1) The hyaline, homogeneous wall is the most highly refined type of secretion. The coarse alveolation and agglomeration are characteristic of the lower families. (2) The family is very highly diversified into twenty genera with loricae of very diverse size and pattern. It contains one- third of all of the genera in the suborder, and 128 of the about 700 species described. (3) It contains some of the most abundantly and widely represented species of the Tintinnoinea. (4) It contains the largest eupelagic species in the Tintinnoinea, as well as many of the very small ones. (5) Although the morphology of the lorica is re- markably simple throughout the family, many of the genera attain a refinement of proportions and pattern comparable to the studied sim- plicity of perfection of classic architecture. The evolution, in the Tintinnoinea, of the lorica, a house actively shaped from a secretion, is based on an accompanying evolution of a coordinated mechanism in the body of the ciliate composed of cilia, membranelles, and accessory lappets, tentaculoids, and myonemes, an integrating neuromotor system, and specific secretions, upon all of which is built up a series of types of behavior, each resulting in a speci- fied type of lorica. The system of classification here used rests upon this foundation, the most striking characteristic of the Tintinnoinea. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 27 CORRELATIONS OF FREQUENCY WITH STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION The relative degrees of evolutionary development within a series of systematic categories such as families and genera, may be inferred from relative structural differentiations within them, relative numbers of genera and species, geographic range and area, and their relative contributions to the total representation of the group in representative areas. The generalized types of loricae are those which retain more of the primitive structure, with a simple, stout bowl shape, more or less loosely organized alveolar wall with spiral structure evident throughout or locally, with structural elaboration in circumoral and aboral regions and often, but not always, without aboral horn or elongation of bowl. It will be of interest to apply these criteria to the subdivisions of the Tintinnoinea. The loricse identified in the eighteen dominant genera of the Tintin- noinea of the Eastern Tropical Pacific are distributed as follows in ten of the thirteen families: Codonellidse (Codonella, 451, Codonaria, 323), total loricae recorded in family, 910; Codonellopsidse (Codonellopsis, 1175) (1215), Cyttarocylidae (Cyttarocylis, 701), Epiplocylidse (Epiplo- cylis, 1589; Epiorella, 657) (2322), Rhabdonellidse (Rhabdonella, 2747; Rhabdonellopsis, 1478) (4342), Xystonellidse (Xystonella, 677; Parun- della, 335; Xystonellopsis, 896) (1908), Undellidae (Proplectella, 805; Undella, 313) (1322), Dictyocystidse (Dictyocysta, 1220), and Tintin- nidse (Amphorella, 854; Dadayiella, 1150; Eutintinnus, 1383; Salpin- gella, 297) (4056). The other four families, Tintinnididse (not repre- sented), Coxliellidse (4 genera) (479 loricse), Ptychocylidae (5) (57), and Petalotrichidse (3) (288) are all feebly represented numerically, if at all. They contain relatively simple, more generalized genera, have less specialized wall structure, less elongation, less circumoral and aboral differentiation (with a few exceptions), and retain more primi- tive spiral structure than the ten dominant families. They are also less definitely tropical in occurrence and distribution. The Tintinnididse are not represented in the collections of the Ex- pedition, and are polar or fresh-water in distribution. The Coxliellidse are bipolar in distribution and have relatively few species invading or resident in the tropics. The Ptychocylidse are still rarer in the tropical seas, and are mainly arctic in distribution. The Petalotrichidse contain a northern element, are abundant in colder seas but not in tropical. 28 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology In general, the polar Tintinnids are less highly specialized and less diversified than the tropical. The distribution of species among the six classes in the relative- frequency lists throws light upon the degrees to which different genera form the Tintinnid population of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Of the fifty genera, ten, namely, Albatrossiella, Amphorellopsis, Canthariella, Craterella, Epicranella, Epirhabdonella, Metacylis, Odontophorella, Prostelidiella, and Salpingacantha, contain only very rare species; six, Amphorella, Dadayiella, Dictyocysta, Epiplocylis, Rhabdonella, and Rhabdonellopsis, contain one or two abundant or very abundant species; and nine, namely, Climacocylis, Codonellopsis, Cyttarocylis, Dadayiella, Epiorella, Epiplocylis, Eutintinnus, Rhabdonella, and Rhabdonellopsis, contain one or two moderately abundant species. If the genera are rated according to the weighted distribution of their species among the six classes of frequency, crediting one for very rare and up to six for the progressively more abundant ones, the se- quence of genera and credit for each, for the ten leading genera, are: Xystonellopsis (51), Rhabdonella (45), Codonellopsis (37), Eutin- tinnus (36), Epiplocylis (29), Dictyocysta (28), Proplectella (26), Parundella (24), Codonella (23), and Salpingella (23). Only eight other genera rise above ten, namely, Cyttarocylis (19), Rhabdonellop- sis (17), Undella (17), Dadayiella (13), Epiorella (11), Steenstrupiella (11), Undellopsis (11), and Xystonella (11). The remaining thirty -two genera are all below ten. The total ratings for species in the eighteen dominant genera (430) are over thirteen-fold those for the other thirty- two rarer genera. RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF GENERA AND SPECIES In order to present at least a quasi-quantitative record of relative frequency of individuals of the component species of each haul, records were made during the search of each collection of the number of loricse seen of each species, up to a total of the first hundred. Thereafter each additional species detected at that station was merely recorded as 1%. The number of individuals of each species recorded in the hundred is thus the "frequency" at that station. These numbers have been used in making up station lists and describing the local distribution. The frequency used in discussions of distribution of each species thus refers solely to the relative numbers of the different species at one station and does not indicate the relative numbers of the species in KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 29 question at different stations, or in different hauls. The number of specimens actually identified and recorded during the search, however, is given for each species, but it is not to be presumed that this total by any means represents all individuals in the collection, or even all of those identified. The hundred individuals were always counted from the catch of the No. 20 net, though a few additions to the station list were made from catches of the No. 12 net and from contents of stomachs of Salpa. These frequencies are used in the discussion of the occurrence of each species and are in the Station Records. The following is a list by families of the actual total number of loricae thus identified in each family in the collections of the Expedition: — Number of Loric^e Identified in Each Family Codonellidse 910 Codonellopsidae 1215 Coxliellidse 479 Cyttarocylidae 701 Ptychocylidae 57 Epiplocylidae 2322 Petalotrichidae 288 Rhabdonellidae 4342 Xystonellidse 1908 Undellidse 1322 Dictyocystidse 1220 Tintinnidse 4107 18,871 The following table gives the total number of loricse which were determined in each genus at all stations, the number of species of each genus identified in the collections, the range in numbers of loricse per species in each genus, and the average number of loricse per species in each genus. Any numerical discrepancies between these totals and frequencies reported for each species are due to the inclusion here of additional identifications. 30 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology SYSTEMATIC TABLE OF RELATIVE ABUNDANCE BASED ON LORIOE IDENTIFIED Number of Number of Range in Average horicse Species Recorded Number of Number of Identified in Eastern Loricas Among Loricse per Genus in Genus Tropical Pacific Species of Genus Species Tintinnopsis 86 11 1-36 8 Codonella 451 15 1-157 30 Codonaria 323 6 3-170 54 Codonopsis 50 1 50 50 Stenosemella 40 1 40 40 Codonellopsis 1175 18 2-200 65 Coxliella 120 6 1-104 20 Climacocylis 335 6 1-321 56 Metacylis 11 3 1-7 4 Helicostomella 13 1 13 13 Cyttarocylis 701 9 2-264 78 Poroecus 33 4 1-24 8 Favella 24 2 10-14 12 Epiplocylis 1589 11 5-589 144 Epiorella 657 4 25-396 164 Epicancella 76 1 76 76 Craterella 33 3 1-5 4 Acanthostomella 67 4 2-18 17 Petalotricha 188 4 8-91 47 Protorhabdonella 112 4 1-77 28 Epirhabdonella 5 2 2-3 3 Rhabdonella 2747 19 1-781 145 Rhabdonellopsis 1478 5 3-1012 296 Parundella 335 14 1-51 24 Xystonella 677 6 1-404 113 Xystonellopsis 896 31 1-77 29 Proplectella 805 17 1-205 47 Undella 313 14 2-72 22 Amplectella 82 7 1-34 12 Amplectellopsis 23 2 1-21 12 Undellopsis 72 9 1-32 8 Cricundella 27 2 8-19 14 Dictyocysta 1220 17 2-638 72 Canthariella 9 3 2-4 3 Steenstrupiella 149 3 18-109 50 Amphorella 854 3 4-839 285 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 31 SYSTEMATIC TABLE OF RELATIVE ABUNDANCE BASED ON LORIC.E IDENTIFIED Number of Number of Range in Average Loricse Species Recorded Number of Number of Identified in Eastern Loricse Among Loricse per Genus in Genus Tropical Pacific Species of Genus Species Amphorellopsis 11 6 1-4 2 Odontophorella 5 1 5 5 Albatrossiella 1 1 1 1 Dadayiella 1150 5 4-825 230 Ormosella 75 6 2-27 13 Brandtiella 12 1 12 12 Prostelidiella 1 1 1 1 Stelidiella 26 2 2-19 9 Eutintinnus 1383 19 1-458 73 Daturella 44 5 1-24 9 Salpingella 297 17 1-154 17 Salpingacantha 21 6 1-10 4 Rhabdosella 10 2 1-9 5 Epicranella 13 5 1-8 3 The data thus accumulated have involved certain difficulties and discrepancies, especially in those cases in which a species, originally conceived in a wide sense, was later in the course of our preparation of the manuscript broken up into several species by the removal of di- vergent groups of loricse represented in our drawings. In all such cases only those loricse which had been drawn were perforce included in the groups thus segregated off. All other records in the original analysis were left under the original specific name in the later restricted sense, with some resulting distortion in the relative numbers of the individ- uals in each of the final segregates. The concept of each species in the inception of our work of necessity rested upon previously published figures or upon the characters of the first individual whose structure was analyzed and from which the first figure was drawn. As the allocation of the individuals to definite species progressed, our concept was sometimes modified by the detection of variants from the figure of the type individual. To meet this condition and to make available for purposes of comparison the structure of individuals of the same species from several localities, it became essen- tial to sketch the outline of the most apparent and easily determined 32 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology parts of an increasing number of loricse. Especially was this true in nearly all cases of the more abundant and generally more widely vary- ing complexes. These groups of sketches, assembled in folders, con- stitute the great mass of data on which the manuscript has been based, and they form the sources illustrating the range of variability and the more aberrant types which are included within our concept of the species. The fact should be noted that these habit sketches represented the range of variation observed and not the normal distribution within that range. The constant tendency, quite logically in the premises, was to make graphic record of all aberrant individuals even though these made up only a small fraction of the total representatives of the species. It follows from this that the diversities in a few individuals within the species are thus emphasized rather than the uniformities among the majority of them. The families containing these dominant genera and species, in the order of the frequency rating of their genera, based on the six cate- gories of the species in each, are the following: Tintinnidae (133), Xystonellidse (86), Rhabdonellidse (89), Undellidre (69), Epiplocylidae (45), Codonellidse (41), Codonellopsidse (39), Dictyocystidse (28), and Cyttarocylidse (19). It is noteworthy that the order of numerical importance corresponds closely with that of structural differentiation and general level of evolu- tionary status. The families containing dominant genera and species are, without exception, those of the higher levels of structural differen- tiation. The Tintinnidae are placed by us at the systematic apex of the Tin- tinnoinea because of the wide variety of generic types included in this family. No less than twenty of the sixty-two genera of the Tintin- noinea are found in it, and 141 of the 726 species. The next to the maximum number of loricse, 4107, was recorded for this family, and its distribution is cosmopolitan. The family includes some of the largest as well as the smallest species in the Tintinnoinea. Some elongation of lorica is generally present and marked elongation is characteristic of the diversified, abundant, and considerably elaborated genera, such as Eutintinnus, Salpingella, and Salpingacantha. Both the suboral and aboral regions are areas of the most varied differentiation, and the outer surface of the bowl or shaft is often marked by longitudinal stria?, fins, angles, or ridges. The family is preeminently characteristic of tropical seas generally. The Xystonellidae and Rhabdonellidae contain the genera and species KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 33 with loricoe of great elongation, large size, and elaborate differentiation of the suboral and aboral regions. They are also preeminently tropical in distribution and dominant in the Eastern Tropical Pacific with the exception of the Arctic genus Parafavella (23 species). There are three genera and sixty-six species in the tropical Xystonellidse, and four genera and thirty-seven species in the Rhabdonellidse, a differentiation rather strikingly less than that in the Tintinnidse; the number of loricse recorded in each was 1,908 and 4,342, respectively, but the numerical difference is not comparable to that in their respective degrees of differentiation. The Rhabdonellida? have more surface differentiation than the Xystonellidse, but the Xystonellidse have a greater variety of aboral development. The Undellida? have six genera and sixty-eight species. The genera exhibit a considerable uniformity in a specialized wall structure, but little differentiation of oral and aboral regions, and a characteristic annulation of the shaft of the bowl best developed only in the more specialized genera. The species are often small and, though much diversified, they are rather simple in structure. In many species their small size has undoubtedly resulted in inadequate numerical repre- sentation in the net catches and station records. The Epiplocylidse have attained a complexity of wall structure and a highly characteristic pattern of bowl, with a circumoral differentia- tion comparable with that attained in the Codonellidae, but with a relatively simple aboral region. The Codonellopsidse have evolved a spiral collar, characteristic bowl and wall structure, large size, but little structural modification of the aboral end. The Dictyocystidse are at about the same level as the Codonellop- sidse in structural evolution, but have vertical instead of spiral elements in the collar, and are all small. The Codonellidae have a characteristic wall structure, some circum- oral structure differentiation, but very little aboral evolutionary advance. The Cyttarocylidse have a specialized patterned wall structure, but they have no circumoral structural specialization, only a little suboral or nuchal modification, and the aboral region is but feebly differen- tiated. This summary shows that the sequence of the degrees of structural differentiation of the more abundant families of tropical Tintinnoinea approximates that of the relative frequency. 34 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TINTINNOINEA OF THE PACIFIC No systematic attempt to study Tintinnoinea in the Pacific with adequate pelagic material has hitherto been made. Charles Darwin (1839, p. 15), in his classic Voyage of the Beagle, briefly noted cylin- drical shelled infusorians which he found swarming in the high sea off Keeling Islands in the Indian Ocean, among an abundance of long thread-like algse (Rhizosolenia). Undoubtedly some of these that passed in review under his microscope were species of Tintinnoinea, but since Darwin left no graphic record of his observations we are unable to identify a single one. The Results of the Challenger Expedition include no report upon this group of marine ciliates beyond a few casual references by Sir John Murray (1876) in the summary of results. Haeckel (1887), in his Report on the Radiolaria, described and figured (pi. 56, fig. 13) as a radiolarian Sethoccphalus eucecryphalus, the species later described by Brandt (1906) as Cyttaroeylis plagiostoma var. c, which was later identified by Kofoid (1912) as Cyttaroeylis eucecry- phalus. This species was taken by the Challenger Expedition at Sta. 285, in the southern part of the South Equatorial Drift. Cleve (1901c) listed 10 species from the Malay Archipelago, from Billeton to Timor. Schmidt (1901) reported 21 species from the Gulf of Siam. Kofoid (1905) described from neritic plankton off San Diego, Cali- fornia, 7 new species. In his monograph on Tintinnoinea of the Plankton Expedition, Brandt (1906, 1907) has included references to material supplied to him, mainly from the southeastern part of the Tropical Pacific, by Drs. Kramer, Dahl,and Schott, from the Pacific side of the East Indies off Tonga, Sunday and Fiji Islands, Cook Strait, and New Zealand, south from Sydney. He lists 69 species in all from these localities. The 69 species and "forms" which Brandt found in his collections from the Pacific and its borders constitute 22.5% of the total number (301) which he includes in his monograph. Okamura (1907) listed and figured from the Japanese Black Current near the Province of Tosa in Shikoku and from the Gulf of Tokio 20 species. Okamura further recorded (1912) 6 species from off the Province of Kii and at Zenizu. Jorgensen (1924) recorded in his monographic "Mediterranean Tin- tinnidse" a number of occurrences of 9 species of tintinnids from Pacific sources. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 35 Wailes (1925) listed 23 species, 11 varieties and 2 forms collected in the spring and summer months from the North Pacific, largely in neritic collections at Departure Bay, Nanaimo; southwest in Puget Sound to Friday Harbor; and off San Juan Island, near the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Campbell (1925a, 1925b, 1927) recorded in neritic plankton from off La Jolla and in San Francisco Bay, California, 9 species. Hada (1932a) described 2 new species, from Mutsu Bay, Japan. In a later and more extensive paper, Hada (1932b) included 23 species collected in Taraika Bay and at 17 stations in the Sea of Okhotsk, at surface temperatures of 35°.4-41°.l. In a third paper Hada (1932c) records 35 species from the famous collecting grounds of Mutsu Bay and from near the Asamushi Marine Biological Station. Of the 42 species included in Hada's three papers (1932a,b,c) only 8 are in- cluded in our records. Since Hada's papers were received late, dis- cussion of these species which occur in our material is not included in the systematic account of this Report. Aside from Haeckel's misplaced Cyttarocylis and Brandt's and Jorgensen's miscellaneous records, the tintinnids thus far reported from the Pacific have been predominantly from neritic, subarctic, and temperate zone collections. The tropical oceanic collections of the Expedition are therefore from a field as yet but little explored. I. TINTINNIDIDjE Kofoid and Campbell Tintinnoinea with tubular or diversely saccular lorica; with or with- out suboral spiral structure; rarely with collar or other suboral differ- entiations; aboral end sometimes expanded, never with fins, either open or closed; wall with primary prismatic structure only, in the main soft and gelatinous, with freely agglomerating particles of wall material and foreign bodies; 1-2 macronuclei, and 12-16 membranelles ; in fresh water, brackish water, and the sea, where it is neritic. Tintinnidium inquilinum was included in the genus in our Conspectus (1929). It is here removed because of Apstein's (1915) allocation of Tintinnus in- quilinus (O. F. M filler) to Tintinnus as its type species. This removal of the smooth-walled species inquilinum unifies Tintinnidium, leaving in the genus only lorica whose walls are rough with agglomerations of lorica substance and foreign detritus. Two genera included, viz., Tintinnidium Kent with closed aboral end and Leprotintinnus Jorgensen with open aboral end. Neither is present in Expedition material. Tintinnidium was established by Kent 36 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology (1882) and included Tdm. marinum (= I 'intimitis inquilinus), fluvia- tile, and semiciliatum. Daday (1887b) added mucicola (Claparede and Lachmann) and neapolitanum Daday. Since mucicola was selected by us (1929, p. 9) as the type of the genus, we now reject this as the type and select in its place, Tintinnidium fluviatile originally included by Kent in the genus, in accord with Article 30, sec. 12a, of the Inter- national Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The best figures of the species are those of Entz, Jr. (1905, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2), who clearly indi- cates their essential characters. The following species are included in the genus : — Tdm. fluviatile (Stein) Kent, incertum Brandt, lacustris (Entz, Jr.) Hofker, mucicola (Clap, and Lach.) Daday, neapolitanum Daday, pusillum Entz, Jr., ranunculi Penard, and semiciliatum (Sterki) Kent. The name "Tintinnidium" lacustris was introduced into the genus by Hofker (1931b, p. 320); possibly it may also refer to Codonella cra- tera ( = Tps. lacustris Entz. Sr.). Apparently he is quoting by lapsus pennoe Faure-Fremiet's (1924) Tps. lacustris, but the context suggests that he had in mind that author's Tdm. fluviatile. The Tintinnopsis bottnica figured by Hofker (1922, p. 170, fig. 78) is later (1931b, pp. 320-321, fig. 4) correctly assigned to Leprotintinnus. II. CODONELLID^E Kent emended Kofoid and Campbell Tintinnoineawith tubular, bowl- or cup-shaped lorica,withorwithout collar. Collar never spiral nor hyaline. With or without nuchal con- striction. Bowl of diverse shapes, tubular, conical, and subglobular. Aboral end closed, except when open by seeming artifact. Aboral point or horn present in a few species. Wall of minute primary and much coarser secondary or even tertiary structures, regular or irregular in distribution, and of even or uneven sizes. Surface pattern sometimes definitely distinctive. Inner and outer lamina? poorly developed, if at all. Macronuclei 2-8, rarely 16. In fresh water, where but few occur, brackish water, and mainly in the sea, both neritic and eupelagic. The family, founded by Kent (1882), had previously been suggested but not given systematic status by Hreckel (1873). Kent included in it only Codonella and Tintinnopsis. Kofoid and Campbell (1929) emended the family by the inclusion of Codonella lagenula, which Kent had assigned to his Tintinnodae. The type genus of Codonellidre is Codonella Hreckel (1873), though Tintinnopsis Stein (1867) was established earlier. Four genera are included in the family as modified by us in this KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 37 Report, namely, Codonella, Tintinnopsis, Codonopsis gen. no v., and Codonaria, gen. nov. Of these, Tintinnopsis, the largest, contains 85 species, Codonella 28, Codonopsis 1, and Codonaria 8. Tintinnopsis is the most primitive, and includes the most generalized species of Tintinnoinea. It has, on the other hand, an extraordinary differentiation and diversity of form, but lacks the inner and outer lamina3. It has, as positive features, a trace of spiral organization in some species, a less finely and less definitely organized wall structure, and irregularities due to adherent blobs of wall substance. This last character allies the genus with Tintinnidium and Leprotintinnus, but the form of the lorica of Tintinnopsis is generally very different from the less regular tubular ones of these latter two genera. Tintinnopsis so clearly intergrades with Tintinnidium that the status of the latter is at best rather tenuous. Tintinnopsis is neritic in distribution, mainly in polar and temperate waters, is scantily represented in the tropics, and only a few species are constituents of the oceanic plankton. Codonella is more regular and unified in structure and has distinct lamina? in the wall. This genus is the most primitive of all oceanic genera. Its form is more like that of Tintinnopsis than that of other pelagic genera, and its wall structure is like that of Tintinnopsis, but more regular. It fills the place of the neritic Tintinnopsis in the oceanic plankton. 1. TINTINNOPSIS Stein emended Brandt emended Jorgensen Wall without lamina?, with fine primary, and coarser secondary alve- oli or prisms, often with adherent blobs. Lorica? variously tubular, conical, or ovoidal. Aboral end closed. Tintinnopsis is a much differentiated genus composed almost ex- clusively of neritic species widely distributed around all continents. Its representation in the collections of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Expedition is too fragmentary to justify either morphological, re- visionary, or adequate distributional treatment. Only 11 of the 85 species are found in the collections. The type species is Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein, emended Jorgensen, from the Baltic. The 1 1 species recorded are : — Tintinnopsis beroidea, fennica, kara- jaeensis, mortensenii, panamensis, plagiostoma, ornata, radix, saeculus, schotti, and rara. Of these 1 1 species, 2, ornata and rara, are described for the first time in this Report. 38 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein emended Entz, Sr. emended Jorgensen Plate 1, fig. 1 Non Tintinnopsis beroidea, Hoek, 1902, pp. 131-132, pi. 5, fig. 2 (see Tps. rotundata). Tintinnopsis beroidea, Hofker, 1922, pp. 173-174, fig. 82e (for fig. 82a-d see Tps. parvula); 1931b, partim, pp. 334-338, figs. 15e, 17a-d (for figs. 15a, b, d see Tps. parvula). Lorica with long subcylindrical bowl and conical aboral end. Length 1.33-1.81 (1.58) o.d. (= oral diameter). Oral margin irregular, be- cause of blobs. No collar. Bowl subcylindrical, an inverted segment of a cone (4-7°), 0.69-0.80 (0.74) t.l. (= total length), with posterior diameter of 0.88-0.90 o.d. Aboral end a cone of 75-90°, 0.20-0.31 (0.26) of total length, with convex sides. Aboral end pointed, or blunt, or with a hyaline axial or oblique spine 0.5-0.7 o.d. at tip, with color and refractive index of spines of Chsetoceras, abundant in plankton at stations where this species occurs. The spine is peculiarly constant. A similar structure is in loricse of Tintinnopsis plagiostoma (Calkins, 1902, fig. 47). Wall thin and irregular, due to blobs, with 16-19 secon- dary fields across bowl, and 21-29 from oral to aboral end. Animal with 20-34 membranelles and a single large, sausage-shaped macro- nucleus or two subglobular ones, and 1 or 2 globular micronuclei. Two nuclei indicate approaching binary fission. Five loricse: L.,1 total, 43-45/x. D.,1 oral 24-26/i. At 3 stations in the Panamic xArea, and in neritic collections off Tabo- quilla and Flamenco Islands, at the Panama anchorage, and from Aca- pulco Harbor; at 79-82 (80°. 3); 36 loricae. Tintinnopsis fennica Kofoid and Campbell Lorica tapering subcylindrical, tall bell-shaped, with short conical aboral horn. Length 2.5-3.0 o.d. Oral margin irregular, sometimes turned inward, with local blobs. Bowl formed of long anterior cylinder and aboral cone. Length of cylinder 0.5-0.6 t.l., or 1.4-2.0 o.d. Aboral cone a regular or asymmetrical, inverted cone (72-45°). Diameter at aboral end 0.24 o.d. or less. Aboral horn a stout inverted cone (20-43°), length 0.60-0.75 o.d., quite irregular and obscured by large accretions. Wall with irregular alveolar blobs, with 40 secondary prisms across one face and a finer network of 10 primary prisms within each secondary one. 1 In these and subsequent measurements L. = length and D. = diameter. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 39 L., total, 135; horn, 35. D., oral, 40; base of horn, 18/x. At Panama anchorage; at 84°; 1 lorica. Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt Plate 1, fig. 2 Tintinnopsis karajacensis, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 37, fig. 38. Tps. kara- jacensis, Vanhoffen (1897, pi. 5, fig. 28, is Tps. levigata K. and C, 1929, p. 37). Non Linko, 1913, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 2 (see Tps. undella Meunier). Lorica elongated, subcylindrical, with broadly rounded aboral end. Length 1.84-2.30 o.d. Oral margin irregular, with blobs and a trifle inturned. No collar. The lorica with a long anterior subcylindrical bowl and an aboral hemisphere. Bowl 0.72-0.75 t.L, an inverted cone (5-8°). Posterior diameter 0.76-0.95 o.d. Aboral region 0.25 t.L, hemispherical, its shape obscured by blobs. Wall irregular, thin, with imperfect spiral laminate, with crude secondary polygons in a single layer and primary prisms in 2-4 layers. Animal with two globular macronuclei, and two micronuclei. Two loricse: L., total, 85-104. D., oral, 40-45 /z. At 2 stations in Mexican Current and from Panama Harbor; at 81-84°; 6 loricje. Tintinnopsis mortensenii Schmidt Lorica small, inverted tall hat-shaped, with collar and bowl. Collar wide, horizontal, flat, at right angles to bowl. Diameter 1.17 t.L Width from rim to periphery 0.5 of nuchal opening. Oral margin ragged. Bowl subcylindrical in anterior 0.66, flaring below collar, form- ing an inverted truncated cone of 10° in its anterior 0.5. Aboral end subhemispherical, pointless. Wall thin, uniform, encrusted with sub- regular blobs or coccoliths of Pontosphoera huxleyi on bowl and collar. L., total, 53. D., collar, 46; bowl, 26^- At Sta. 4707 in Drift; at 72°; 1 lorica. Tintinnopsis ornata sp. nov. Plate 1, fig. 8 Lorica small, distinctive in its widely spreading collar. Length 1 o.d., or 1.71 nuchal diameters. Collar widely flaring, saucer-shaped, 0.18 t.L or 0.20 o.d. Nuchal diameter 0.57 o.d. Oral margin uneven. Bowl with an anterior cylinder and an ovate subconical aboral region with a shoulder between the two. Anterior cylinder 0.28 of total length and 40 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.6 o.d. in diameter. Aboral region a convex inverted cone (67°), 0.58 t.l. Aboral end broadly rounded, with trace of point. Wall thin in collar, thickening in bowl and aboral cone, encrusted with coccoliths imbedded in wall on inner and outer surfaces. Four species are repre- sented : — large Coccolithophora leptopora grouped around enlarged end of aboral region and smaller ones crowded aborally or included in collar; C. waUichi segregated in cylinder and collar; C. pclagica grouped about aboral end and in collar; and Pontosphaera huxlcyi in aboral region and collar. No annular or spiral structure. L., total, 40; cylinder, 11; aboral cone, 22. D., collar, 35; nuchal opening, 20; cylinder, 22; shoulder, 25 /x. At Sta. 4724 in Drift, at 79° (1 lorica). Tintinnopsis panamensis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 1, fig. 4 Lorica very much elongated, cylindrical anteriorly, expanded below, with long aboral horn. Length 6.10-7.40 (6.64) o.d. Oral margin entire or with blobs. Bowl with long anterior cylinder 0.40-0.55 (0.46) t.l., or 2.25-4.00 o.d., and a posterior inflated region 0.14-0.24 t.l. and 1.1-1.4 o.d. in width, tapering below in an inverted cone of 30-55°. Aboral horn 0.21-0.39 t.l., an irregular narrow cone of 12-17°, usually curved in continuation of spiral of wall, with characteristic irregular opening on one face of horn extending for 0.3-0.5 of its length. Aboral end asymmetrically pointed. Wall thin, of irregular, uneven secondary fields which contain primary prisms. Spiral lamina marked by outer buckling of wall, producing a ridge and furrows, and by lines of ad- herent blobs. Spiral passes orally in anti-clockwise direction with slope of 12°, with up to 17 turns between expanded part and oral margin, becoming less evident towards oral margin. A faint suture separates adjacent turns. Three loricse: L., total, 275-330; cylinder, 130-160; expanded por- tion, 35-50; horn, 100-150. D., oral, 45-50, expanded region, 52-60 n. At Panama anchorage; at 81-83°; 52-75% loricse. Type locality is Bay of Panama. Tintinnopsis plagiostoma Daday Lorica convex conical cup-shaped with no aboral differentiation. Length 1 .0-1 . 1 o.d. Greatest diameter at squarely truncated or slightly inturned oral end. Oral margin uneven with adherent blobs. Bowl KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 41 forms whole lorica, a convex conical inverted cone changing from 25° near oral rim to 90° at acute or slightly rounded aboral end. Wall thin with many irregular, often large blobs of prismatic material. Animal with several globular macronuclei, and 24 membranelles as long as the oral diameter. Two lorica;: L., total, 30-35. D., oral, 26-32 m- At Sta. 4627 in Panamic Area; at 82°; 9 loricae. Tintinnopsis radix (Imhoff) Brandt emended Kofoid and Campbell Lorica very much elongated, 4.55-6.55 o.d., narrow, with long an- terior cylinder, posterior cone, and usually no aboral horn. Oral margin entire. Bowl a long anterior cylinder, 0.49-0.61 t.l., and a posterior inverted, asymmetrical cone (22-27°) 0.35-0.39 t.l. A few loricse have an aboral horn 0.5 o.d. in length. Wall thin, with faint anti-clockwise spiral of up to 23 turns with slope of 6° but not on aboral cone or sub- oral region. Small surface flecks midway of band. Numerous irregular fields with primary prisms. Animal with 20-24 membranelles and 2 globular macronuclei. Three loricse: L., total, 228-256. D., oral, 44-54M. At 7 stations, at 3 and 4, respectively, in the Mexican Current and Panamic Area; at 78-84 (81°. 8); 27 loricse. Tintinnopsis rara sp. nov. Plate 1, fig. 7 Lorica rotund, bowl-shaped, with short, erect, cylindrical collar, spheroidal bowl, and no aboral point. Length 1.43 o.d. Oral margin entire. Collar 0.15 t.l., or 0.22 o.d. Nuchal diameter equals oral. Bowl spherical. Greatest diameter 1.43 o.d. No aboral point. Wall thin, uniform, with round or irregular blobs over whole surface. L., total, 48; nuchal extension, 7. D., oral, 32; bowl, 45 ju. At Sta. 4742 in South Equatorial Current; at 77°; 1 lorica. Tintinnopsis sacculus Brandt Lorica moderately stout, anteriorly subcylindrical, posteriorly sub- hemispherical. Length 1.35-1.84 o.d. Oral margin entire or ragged. Anterior part of bowl is 0.5-0.7 t.l. Aboral end flattened or obliquely truncate for 0.3-0.4 o.d. Wall thin, with fine, primary prisms and coarse, faint secondary structure with 10 prisms across lorica and small 42 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology adherent flecks. Animal (Brandt, pi. 19, fig. 13) with two (or 8) large ovoidal macronuclei, 10 by 18^, and 18 membranelles. L., total, 70. D., oral, 38/x. At 2 Sta. 4592 and 4598, in Mexican Current; at 84°; 2 loricse. Tintinnopsis schotti Brandt Lorica urn-shaped, with flaring collar and pointed aboral end. Length 0.88 o.d. Collar short, wide, 0.2 t.l., inverted subcorneal (92°) or dished on upper surface. Oral margin in our lorica irregular, as though the occupant may have been caught while forming a new secondary cylinder above the nuchal rim. Nuchal diameter 0.7 o.d. Bowl short, subglobular, with anterior inverted subconical (13°) section 0.41 t.l., with posterior diameter of 0.62 o.d. or 0.88 of nuchal, and posterior inverted cone (90°) expanding below middle. Aboral tip bluntly pointed. Wall thick, decreasing toward aboral end and oral rim, with large, irregular, unequal secondary polygons, 23 across bowl and 28 from oral rim to aboral end. Whole surface more or less irregular due to blobs. L., total, 62. D., oral, 70; bowl, 48/*. At Sta. 4624 in Panamic Area; at 79°; 2 loricse. 2. CODONELLA Haeckel emended Codonella, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 51-52 (see also Codonaria). Codonellidae with stout urn- to pot-shaped lorica with external nuchal constriction, and/or internal nuchal shelf; divided into collar and bowl; collar never distinctly annulated (except in lariana), never with spiral structure, never hyaline, never longer than bowl, and never with oral crest; fenestra, if present, irregular in size, and equatorial or scattered in location; coccoliths often incorporated in wall; pelagic, oceanic, or limnetic. Type species Codonella galea Hseckel, from Strait of Messina, the only species originally described by Hreckel and now retained in genus. Very close to Codonaria, differing in lack of suboral cone and inferior development of nuchal constriction. Distinction between collar and bowl always discernible in Codonella, but not in many species of Tin- tinnopsis. Irregularities in wall and agglomeration of lorica material and foreign bodies, so evident in Tintinnopsis, are absent in Codonella, except in aspera. Established by Haeckel (1873) with 3 species, of which only galea is KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 43 now retained, orthoccras being transferred to Codonellopsis, and Cam- panella falling into synonymy of Tintinnopsis campanula. Daday (1886) added 2 species, annulata (= Coxliella annulatd) and punctata (= Cod. cistiilula), and in a later paper (1887b) another, bornandi (= Tintinnopsis bornandi). He also (1887b) transferred to Codonella the questionable species Tintinnus lagenulaoi. Claparedeand Lachmann (1858), and also their T. annul atus (= Tintinnopsis annulata) wrongly to supersede orthoccras Hseckel. Brandt (1906, 1907) added greatly to our knowledge of Codonella from the rich oceanic material of the Plankton Expedition. It was the second genus treated in his mono- graph, and in it he developed fully his concept of the "Formenkreis" relations within the genus, with resulting systematic chaos and intro- duction of designation of varieties partly by Latin names and partly by letters. This was accompanied by specific designations for certain loricse structurally no more distinguished than others which received only an alphabetical designation. Had he utilized many sketches to scale, as we have done, instead of a relatively few artists' finished draw- ings, he might have had a clearer concept of the specific assortments of his material. He recognized three form-cycles, designated as galea, orthoccras, and ecaudata groups, with ostenfeldi and morchella ap- pended. In the galea group he included galea with vars. a-d, nationalis with vars. a-e, perforata with vars. a-b, cistellula with vars. a-d, and amphorella with vars. a-b. In the orthoccras group he included orthoccras with vars. a-1, biedermanni, and brevicaudata. In the ecaudata group he included ecaudata with one variety, pusilla with one variety, and lagenula. In his appendix he included ostenfeldi and morchella with two varieties. This makes a total of 46 ultimate systematic units distributed in the four categories of form-cycle, species, variety named, and variety only lettered. In our utilization of Brandt's systematic units we have not followed his system of subordination of these units, partly on theoretical grounds, since it is by no means certain that degrees of structural difference represent accurately, by any method of assessment of rela- tive values, corresponding degrees of genetic relationship and thus of systematic significance. Still more potent, in our opinion, is the prac- tical matter of keeping the units of classification and of nomenclatural designation as simple as possible. In our Conspectus (1929) we utilized only genera and species as systematic units, and in this paper have arranged the species in series of related species of orthogenetic type but have avoided the introduction of these groupings into systematic nomenclature. As the result of our treatment of Brandt's systematic 44 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology units his 13 basic species are retained, including his typical C. nationalis, which is very close to Haeckel's (1873) C. galea, 23 of his varieties are raised to specific status, 12 are reduced in whole or in part to synonyms, and 7 of his units are split into one or more species either for specific status or reduction to synonyms. The details of these dispositions may be traced by the use of the index of our Conspectus. Jorgensen (1924) removed the Codonella orthoceras form-cycle and the appended species ostenfeldi and morchella to a new genus, Codonel- lopsis, on the basis of spiral hyaline collar. We (1929) accepted these revisions and retained Codonella as thus limited. In this monograph we remove, to a new genus, Codonaria, all species with a suboral cone. Since our Conspectus (1929) was published we have been able to examine the late Professor Ostenfeld's copy of Minkiewitsch's (1903) original paper containing his description of C. relicta, and are con- vinced that relicta is a valid species, distinct from cratera and not like Stenosemella ventricosa, as Jorgensen (1924) suggests, thus confirming our previous (1929) assignment. Contains twenty-eight species, of which 15 are recorded in the Expedi- tion material; of the 28, 16 were new, of which 9 are recorded in Expe- dition material. Codonella sphcerica Carazzi (1900) is a nomen nudum. Subdivided into 6 series, as follows: — cratera series, including cratera, lariana, and relicta; the brevicollis series, including brevicollis, laticollis, pacifica, and saccus; the acuta series, including acuta, aspera, galea, clon- gata, lagenida, and nationalis; the acerca series, including accrca, api- cata, cuspidata, diomedee, inflata, olla, perforata, robusta, and tropica; the acutida series, including acutula and poculum; and the amphorella series, including amphorella, rapa, and recta. Codonella acuta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 2, figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 Lorica moderately elongated, 1.38-1.6 (1.48) o.d. or 1.38-1.51 (1.44) d. bowl, with tall convex collar, stout bowl, and pointed aboral end. Nuchal constriction 0.71-0.91 o.d. Collar 0.21-0.28 (0.25) t.l., or 0.29-0.42 o.d., an inverted segment of an outwardly convex cone 23-30° (exceptionally 50°), 0.92-1.00 o.d. half way from oral margin to neck. Oral crest low, hyaline. Oral margin slightly flaring, entire, or minutely toothed. Bowl stout ovoidal, wider end anterior, 1.02-1.20 o.d., or 0.72-0.79 t.l., greatest diameter 0.92-1.12 o.d. at 0.55-0.64 t.l. from oral margin. Aboral end an inverted convex cone of 108-115°. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 45 Aboral tip not protuberant, acute to broadly rounded. Wall with 2-3 layers of prisms, regular small secondary fields, sometimes with cocco- liths of Umbilicosphcera mirabilis, Coccolithophora pelagica, and Ponto- sphoora syracusana. One lorica, from Sta. 4587, has adherent barrel- shaped flotation cylinders of Rhabdosphaera. Built into wall are smaller elliptical platelets of Scyphosphcera apsteini and numerous smaller coccoliths of Coccolithophora wallichi, 2-3 /x in length, filling greater part of wall. About 35 areas, 2-8 /*, across middle of bowl, smaller aborally. Primary structure in fields not filled with coccoliths. Closing-apparatus 13 unequal blades. Twenty loricre in 2 series, larger loricae (series I) of this species, with one exception, occur in cooler waters, and smaller (II) in warmer. Series I: — L., total, 80-105 (91.4); collar, 20-28 (24). D., oral, 50-70 (59.9); neck, 40-54 (47.5); bowl, 52-74 (62.4) j». Temperature at 6 stations from which these 10 loricse were taken was 66-68 (67.5)°. Series II: — L., total, 80-89 (82.2); collar, 16-24 (19.8). D., oral, 53-60 (57.1); neck, 47-52 (49.5); bowl, 57-64 (59.7) /*• Temperature at 7 stations from which these 10 loricse were taken was 75-84 (79)°. A rise of 11.5° in average temperature in surface waters is accompanied by a decrease of 9.2/x in average length. The molecular friction in the lower temperature, 67.5°, should be about 1.58 of that at 79°, other factors being equal. It is obvious that adjustments in dimensions in lorica? from colder waters (91.4/x), as against those in warmer waters (82.2/t), are not in this proportion, but considerably less, a condition probably correlated with the fact that the species lives predominantly below surface at levels where differences in temperature are less than at surface. At 20 stations, viz., at 2, 4, 11, 1, 1, and 1, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 66-84 (72.8)°; 74 loricse. Codonella acutula Kofoid and Campbell Plate 2, figs. 4, 11 Lorica short, stout, cup-shaped, without neck, pointed aborally, 1.23 o.d. Oral margin irregularly serrate with 54 low, triangular teeth. Oral crest a low, erect, hyaline band. Collar not externally differen- tiated by nuchal constriction, its lower limits set by the wide, internally projecting nuchal shelf, 0.21 total length or 0.26 o.d. below oral margin. Lorica cylindrical, without taper in its anterior 0.58, but sides slightly irregular, due to local thickenings of wall. Bowl below nuchal shelf 46 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.79 t.l., or 0.98 o.d., cylindrical in anterior 0.5 and externally directly continuous with collar; in its posterior 0.5 short, wide, inverted, and convex subconical (95°); length 0.48 d., and sides somewhat convex. Aboral end an inverted cone (90°) with acute point. Wall of strongly developed secondary prismatic polygons, 30 across middle of bowl and 50 from rim to aboral end. In one lorica every field, except a few in periphery of collar, contained a coccolith of Coccolithophora leptopora, C. wallichi, or Syracosphaera pulchra. Fields subequal in middle of lorica, larger toward oral end, and a fourth as large at aboral. Wall of collar thickens internally evenly and concavely to wide nuchal shelf, 0.16 o.d. in thickness at widest part. Nuchal aperture 0.68 o.d. Shelf subtriangular in section, due to concave thinning of wall below it. Wall of bowl with 2-4 layers of polygons. L., total, 86; collar, 18. D., oral, 70 fx. At Sta. 4640 in Panamic Area; at 75°; 3 loricse. Codonella amphorella Biedermann Plate 2, fig. 14 Lorica gracefully urn-shaped, 1.77-2.11 (1.99) o.d., or 1.58-1.80 (1.75) d. bowl. Collar tall, turban-shaped. Bowl rotund, baggy. Aboral horn long, narrow, conical. Oral crest low, hyaline, incurved, band-like. Oral margin entire or ragged. Collar moderately tall, 0.20-0.23 (0.21) t.l., or 0.40-0.48 (0.43) o.d., expanding evenly to middle to diameter of 1.07 o.d., and contracting evenly below to neck, 0.78-0.88 (0.84) o.d., or 0.69-0.81 (0.74) d. bowl. Bowl truncate ovoidal, expanding from neck evenly and convexly at angle of 25° from vertical to maximum diameter at 1.15 o.d. or 0.39 t.l. from oral margin, contracting below in baggy subhemispherical aboral region. Aboral end produced in slightly concave, inverted cone of 115°. Aboral horn blunt cone of 24°, 0.19-0.28 (0.24) t.l., or 0.35-0.55 (0.48) o.d. in length, divided internally by cup-like transverse septum near middle. Wall variable. Loricse at Sta. 4681, 4701, and 4705 have only small, subregular, secondary polygons without larger tertiary fenestra- tion, with 25-30 fields across middle of bowl, and alike on both collar and bowl. At Sta. 4724 coccoliths of Coccolithophora pclagica occur in wall, and at 4705 polygonal meshwork was found in bowl from base of horn to neck, filled with large circular or tub-shaped coccoliths of an unknown species, with their inner ends smaller than outer ones, giving appearance of a double ring and thus resembling structures in walls of C. diomedce, elongata, and Dictyocysta duplex. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 47 Nine loricse: L., total, 80-89 (94.3); collar, 17-20 (18); aboral horn, 16-23 (20.2). D., oral, 40^5 (42.3); neck, 33-38 (35.4); bowl, 46-52 (48.2) M. At 20 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, and 17, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (74.8)°; 34 loricse. Codonella apicata Kofoid and Campbell Lorica quite small, acorn-shaped, with rounded turban-like collar, and subglobular, aborally pointed bowl; 1.51-1.81 (1.67) o.d., or 1.20-1.48 (1.34) d. bowl. Oral crest low incurved band with or without primary prismatic structure, with entire or slightly ragged margin. Collar convex, sharply set off by subangular V-shaped nuchal con- striction, 0.25-0.30 (0.28) t.l., or 0.41-0.52 (0.47) o.d. in length, with convex outline. Nuchal diameter 0.87-1.03 (0.99) o.d. or 0.73-0.83 (0.79) that of bowl. Bowl stout ovoidal, wider anteriorly, 0.70-0.75 (0.72) t.l. or 1.11-1.30 (1.20) o.d., greatest diameter (1.02-1.13 [1.04] o.d.) at 0.37 of its length. Aboral end a broad, inverted, convex cone of 120-130°, in some loricse faintly cuspidate. Wall with coccoliths of Uvibilicosphcera mirabilis, Coceolithophora wallichi, Syracosphasra mcditerranca, and occasionally those that give the duplex structure to the wall. Several kinds appear in the same lorica and fill its surface from oral to aboral end, with larger forms in a group about equator. In some lorica? regular polygonal fields of uniform size and regular dis- tribution occur, and all gradations appear from such regular types to less regular ones with large fenestra? on bowl, and secondary fields of various sizes, from about 20 across bowl to twice as many. Wall thin, a trifle thicker in bowl. Large tertiary fields in one layer only, but secondary fields in two. Closing-apparatus tall, conical (75°) with a small circular aperture at the apex 2 p. in diameter when closed ; nearly twice as long as wide, with 13 subequal, subtriangular blades. Animal large, filling 0.7 of cavity of bowl when contracted, with 8 small globu- lar macronuclei and 21 membranelles. Ten loricse: L., total, 60-74 (68.5); collar, 18-20 (19.2). D., oral, 37^6 (41.1); collar, 43-52 (47.3); neck, 35-42 (40.6); bowl, 46-60 (51.2)/i. At 48 stations, viz., at 1, 4, 1, 1, 4, 4, and 33, respectively in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 66-84 (75.5)°; 157 loricse. 48 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Codonella aspera Kofoid and Campbell emended Plate 1, fig. 20 Petalotricha galea, Hseckel, 1899, pi. 3, fig. 6. C. galea, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 60 (for fig. 106 see C. galea); Hofker, 1931b, pp. 353-354, fig. 26 (for figs. 27, 28 see C. galea). Lorica elongate, 1.81 o.d. or 1.60 d. bowl, with deep nuchal constric- tion, elongated ovoidal bowl, and rounded aboral end. Oral margin irregular or entire. Oral crest narrow hyaline. Collar 0.25 t.l., or 0.45 o.d., an inverted segment of a cone of 30°. Nuchal constriction 0.75 o.d. in diameter. Bowl expands evenly into an elongated, ovoidal, or ellipsoidal form with maximum diameter of 1.17 o.d. at 0.53 t.l. from oral rim. Aboral end bluntly protuberant, tapering to the broadly rounded end. Wall with 2-5 layers of prisms, thinner, and less reticu- lated on collar. A broad equatorial band of 1-3 rows of large, regular fenestra3, 7-12 in a row across one face, on bowl, anterior and posterior to which fields are smaller and more regular. Large irregular blobs of prismatic material adhere to bowl anterior to equator. Closing- apparatus of 12 blades. Animal large, nearly filling whole lorica. One macronucleus 10 by 25 /x. L., total, 85; collar, 21. D., oral, 47; neck, 35; bowl, 55^- At Sta. 4571 in California Current; at 71°; 1 lorica. Codonella brevicollis (Daday) Brandt Plate 1, fig. 5 Lorica elongate-ovoidal, 1.69-1.83 (1.76) o.d. or 1.24 d. bowl, with rounded aboral end. Collar short, a segment of a cone of 20-25°, 0.08- 0.14 t.l. Oral margin entire, irregular, thinning out to a sharp edge. Bowl ovoidal, wider anteriorly, its greatest diameter 1.31-1.50 o.d., at 0.45-0.48 t.l. from oral margin. Diameter at throat 0.90-1.07 o.d. Aboral end evenly rounded, subhemispherical, without point. Wall unevenly fenestrated, with a band of 4-6 rows of fenestra? at equator, 14-16 across one face, with small interfenestral areas. Collar less dis- tinctly fenestrate, with fainter, more uniform areas. Posterior fene- stra? faint, smaller, and less regular than those of collar. Wall thickest at equator and thinning to half at margin of collar, and to a minimum at aboral end, with 1^ layers of polygons. L., total, 74; collar, 8. D., oral, 41; neck, 40; bowl, 59 At. At Sta. 4574 in California Current; at 69°; 1 lorica. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 49 Codonella cuspidata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 1, figs. 17-19, 21 Lorica moderately tall and stout, with scarcely flaring collar, dis- tinctly constricted throat, wide sack-like bowl, and cuspidate aboral end; 1.37-1.50 (1.47) o.d., or 1.31-1.41 (1.35) d. bowl. Oral crest a wide band 0.1-0.2 of collar in length, with denticulate margin with numer- ous low, rounded, triangular teeth. Collar an inverted cone of 12-25 (19)°, 0.24-0.29 (0.27) t.L, or 0.37-0.43 (0.39) o.d.; subcylindrical in anterior 0.45-0.60, posteriorly a wider cone of 20-35°. Nuchal diameter 0.82-0.90 (0.S6) o.d. Bowl very stout, sack-like, subovoidal and baggy below, 0.57-0.63 (0.61) t.l., or 1.00-1.13 (1.07) o.d., expanding evenly to maximum diameter as segment of outwardly convex cone of 23-27°, to greatest diameter, 1.07-1.12 (1.08) o.d., at 0.55-0.71 (0.60) t.l. from oral margin. Aboral end subhemispherical, with well defined, short, stout, blunt conical point of cuspidate type. Wall uniform with small secondary fields, with larger fenestra? irregular in size and distribution in equatorial zone in some lorica?; 33-41 polygonal fields from oral to aboral end of lorica, with smaller ones at each end, those in the middle being 2-3 times as large as terminal ones. Primary structure in oral crest. Coccoliths found are Coccolithophora pelagica, C. wallichi, Ponto- sphcera syracusana, Scyphosphoera apsteini, and Umbilicospheera. Closing-apparatus conical, of 12-13 triangular blades, each twice as long as wide. Animal large, nearly filling bowl. Ten lorica?: L., total, 82-92 (87.5); collar, 22-26 (23.7). D., oral, 56-62 (59.7); neck, 48-56 (51.2); bowl, 62-70 (64.9) /z. At 32 stations, viz., at 2, 6, 5, 1, 1, 5, and 12, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial, and Equatorial Counter currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 68-84 (77.9)°; 62 lorica?. Codonella diomed.e Kofoid and Campbell Plate 1, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14 Lorica very large, elongated and vase-like, with well defined nuchal constriction, broadly elongated sack-like bowl, and flattened aboral end, 1.75-2.22 (2.04) o.d., or 1.57-1.70 (1.58) d. bowl. Oral crest a very low, inturned band. Oral margin irregularly denticulate. Collar turban-like, 0.26-0.30 (0.28) t.l. or 0.45-0.65 (0.55) o.d., expanding evenly from oral margin to greatest diameter, 1.03-1.28 (1.18) o.d., at 0.42 length from oral margin, contracting below as a convex in- verted cone of 22-35°. Nuchal diameter 0.95-1.00 (0.96) o.d., or 0.75- 50 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.86 d. bowl. Bowl elongated, sack-like, posteriorly flattened, 0.70- 0.74 (0.72) t.l., or 1.42-1.64 o.d., expanding from throat at angle of 22°, decreasing to 18°, from vertical axis posteriorly to greatest diame- ter, 1.22-1.42 (1.33) o.d., at 0.56 t.l. below oral margin. Below equator bowl is slightly elongated hemisphere. Aboral end flattened for 0.48 o.d. or less. Wall of secondary polygonal fields of uniform size, 35 across bowl at widest part, and 56 from oral to aboral end. Secondary fields of primary prisms bounded by double-contoured lines, 2-3 times as large in middle of bowl as near oral margin and at aboral end. Fields in some loricre less regular in size, with larger ones up to twice the typi- cal diameter sparingly interspersed among smaller ones. Wall thickest at nuchal region. Animal filled 0.4 of bowl. Seven lorica?: L., total, 109-127 (117.7); collar, 27-38 (32.4). D., oral, 55-62 (56.6); neck, 56-71 (59.3); bowl, 72-82 (75.6)/*. At 6 stations, viz., at 3, 1, and 2, respectively, in Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-79 (72.6)°; 10 loricse. Codonella elongata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 1, fig. 16 Lorica elongate, acorn-shaped, 1.70-1.77 (1.73) o.d. or 1.48-1.61 d. bowl, with tall funnel-shaped collar and elongated ovoidal bowl with- out aboral point. Oral crest a low band with entire margin. Collar a funnel of 32-40°, 0.22-0.25 t.l., or 0.42-0.53 o.d., with straight, bulg- ing, or sigmoid outline. Nuchal diamater 0.76-0.82 o.d. Bowl ovoidal, wider anteriorly, its greatest diameter 1.04-1.10 o.d., or 0.77-0.89 its length, located midway of lorica; length 0.75-0.88 t.l. Aboral end con- tracted to less than hemisphere. No aboral point. Wall of oral crest made up of fine primary prisms; of collar faintly reticulated with irregular secondary and tertiary prisms within which primary prisms are visible. Tertiary fenestra? of collar and bowl uniform throughout, 25-40 across widest part of bowl, 35-70 from aboral to oral end, smaller toward aboral end and throat, in some lorica? less regular, always largest on middle of bowl. Intervening meshwork filled with finer secondary prisms and these in turn, especially in collar region, show primary prismatic structure. Wall with 2-3 layers of secondary and tertiary structures, thinning suborally uniformly, and toward aboral end to less than a third that of bowl. Three lorica?: L., total, 85-87; collar, 21-26. D., oral, 49-50; neck, 38-40; bowl, 52-55/x. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 51 At 3 stations, viz., at 2 and 1, respectively, in California and Peru- vian currents; at 68-83 (73.3)°; 3 lorica?. Codonella galea Hseekel emended Plate 1, fig. 22; Plate 2, fig. 9 Non Petalotricha galea Haeckel, Haeckel, 1899, pi. 3, fig. 6 (see Codonella aspera). Cyttarocylis galea, Graf, 1909, p. 141. Codonella galea, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 60, fig. 106 (see also C. aspera); Hofker, 1931b, pp. 352-354, figs. 27-28 (for fig. 26 see C. aspera). Lorica large, stout, with well defined, funnel-like collar, stout, ovoidal bowl, and hemispherical aboral end; 1.39-1.83 (1.53) o.d., or 1.36-1.64 (1.44) d. bowl. Oral crest low, band-like, erect, hyaline, or prismatic, with ragged, or minutely serrate edge, with numerous low, erect, blunt, triangular teeth. Collar an inverted cone of 28-35°, 0.36-€.43 (0.38) t.l. or 0.38-0.50 (0.40) o.d.; with straight or flat sigmoid lateral outline. Neck 0.73-0.95 (0.79) o.d. in diameter. Bowl ovoidal, 0.69-0.78 (0.74) t.l., or 1.03-1.33 (1.13) o.d., expanding evenly as a segment of a convex cone of 30-35° to its greatest diameter, 1.00-1.07 (1.06) o.d., at 0.55- 0.59 t.l. below oral margin; length exceeds greatest diameter by 0.1. No aboral point, but at Sta. 4583 a few loricse had a trace of a central point. Wall with regular, polygonal secondary fields, as at Sta. 4681, 4711, 30-40 on one face, extending from oral crest to aboral end. Mesh made up of smaller areas and enclosures of primary prisms. Coccoliths less in evidence than in cuspidata and acuta, One lorica at Sta. 4666 (in the area of distribution of acuta) is similarly loaded with a broad equatorial zone of Umbilicospha?ra mirabilis, while collar and aboral regions are filled completely and exclusively with Syracospha?ra medi- terranea. Elongated structures resembling handles of the coccoliths of Rhabdosplwra claviger occurred in loricse at Sta. 4583. Wall 0.04 o.d. in thickness. Large secondary areas 1-2 layers. Fifteen loricse: L., total, 92-110 (97.9) ; collar, 22-30 (25.7). D., oral, 56-69 (64.1); neck, 46-55 (51.2); bowl, 56-74 (68.2) p.. In our Conspectus (1929) we wrongly included in the synonymy of Codonella galea a reference to Hseckel's (1899) "Kunstformen der Natur" (pi. 3, fig. 6) listed by that author as Petalotricha galea (Hseckel). This figure is obviously a copy of the specimen figured by Entz, Sr. (1885b, pi. 14, fig. 14), though not acknowledged. Since the latter figure is obviously one of Cod. aspera, we therefore exclude Hseckel's figure from Cod. galea, and emend both species. Graf's (1909) Cytta- rocylis galea is probably a lapsus for Codonella. 52 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology At 22 stations, viz., at 2, 2, 11, 1, and 6, respectively, in California, Mexican, and Peruvian currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 67-83 (73.6)°; 73 loricse. Codonella nationalis Brandt Plate 1, fig. 6 Lorica moderately stout, olla-shaped; 1.41 o.d. or 1.29 d. bowl, with convex collar, globular, laterally compressed bowl, and no aboral point. Oral crest a low, hyaline, narrow, outwardly rounded band with an entire, incurved margin. Collar a bulging, inverted cone of 15°, 0.42 o.d. in length, its maximum diameter 1.04 o.d., and nuchal 0.88 o.d. Bowl subglobular, with slight equatorial compression, maximum diameter (1.17 o.d.) at 0.44 of length of bowl. Aboral end somewhat baggy. Wall made up of large, subequal, tertiary polygonal fields, 24 across middle of bowl and 27 from oral to aboral end, smaller aborally and in 1-3 layers. Wall subuniform in thickness, thickest in sides of bowl and nuchal angle, and thinner in aboral end. L., total, 76; collar, 22. D., oral, 54; neck, 48; bowl, 60//- At Sta. 4681 in Drift; at 68°; 1 lorica. Codonella pacifica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 1, figs. 3, 10, 15 Lorica sack-like, vase-shaped, 1.68-1.72 (1.70) o.d. or 1.42 d. bowl, with suberect collar, slight nuchal constriction, and no aboral point. Oral margin erect, irregularly wavy. Collar tall, subcylindrical (3°) or funnel-like (15°); length 0.28-0.31 t.l., or 1.72-2.62 o.d. Neck without marked external constriction or internal shelf. Nuchal diameter 0.91-1.00 o.d. Bowl saccular and abruptly expanded for 0.11-0.18 total length as a short segment of a cone of 30-40°, with flat or moderately rounded sides. Maximum diameter 1.18-1.21 o.d. at base of cone. This width continues for 0.3 length of bowl, contracting evenly 25-30° from vertical axis to broadly rounded or squarish aboral end. WTall with 1-3 layers of prisms, of uniform secondary polygonal fields, 30 across bowl and 40 from oral rim to aboral end. Wall thin, thicker laterally. Closing-apparatus with 10 blades, a truncate, concave-sided cone of 50°, 2.33 as wide as tall, with its base at neck. Animal occupies 0.6 of cavity. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 53 Two loricae: L., total, 81-100; collar, 22-28. D., oral, 48-58; neck, 45-59; bowl, 57-70 ju. At 2 stations, viz., 1 each in California Current and Drift; at 69-72°; 2 loricae. Codonella perforata Entz, Sr., emended Brandt emended Kofoid and Campbell Lorica elongated, large, and stout, with angled collar, deep nuchal groove, and subspheroidal or ellipsoidal bowl; 1.73 o.d., or 1.38 d. bowl. Collar outwardly angled, divided into suboral and nuchal cones, 0.37 t.l. Suboral crest a low, erect, hyaline band. Oral margin entire. Suboral cone 0.14 o.d., forming an inverted segment of 40° with flat sides. Nuchal cone a trifle shorter than the suboral in Entz, Sr.'s (1884) figure, and about three times as long in ours, forming a segment of 35° with flat sides. Junction of the two cones evenly rounded, or angled as in Entz, Sr.'s lorica. Diameter at angle 1.13 o.d. Nuchal diameter 0.88 o.d. Constriction deeply marked. Bowl subspheroidal or ellipsoidal, its length equal to equatorial transdiameter, or 1.13 o.d. Aboral end hemispherical without point. Wall of irregular polygonal secondary fields, 25-36 across equator, and 37 from oral rim to aboral end. No tertiary fields. Animal has 18 small rounded tentaculoids, 18 membranelles, and 8 or 16 small, scattered, oval macronuclei (Brandt, 1907, p. 19). L., total, 80; collar, 28. D., oral, 46; collar, 53; nuchal, 42; bowl, 58 /x. At Sta. 4699 and 4703 in Easter Island Eddy and Drift, respectively; at 75°; 3 lorica?. Codonella rapa Kofoid and Campbell Plate 1, fig. 9 Lorica stout acorn-shaped, with flaring collar becoming erect orally, well marked nuchal shelf, broadly ovoidal bowl, and stout, blunt aboral horn, 1.92 o.d. Oral margin entire, with slightly thickened, somewhat inturned edge. Oral crest a rather wide hyaline band. Collar an inverted cone of 28°, 0.19 t.l., or 0.36 o.d. Diameter across middle 1.05 o.d., nearly cylindrical in anterior 0.66, definitely convex below. Nuchal diameter 0.91 o.d. Nuchal aperture 0.64 o.d. Bowl broadly ovoidal, rather stout, wider posteriorly; length 0.81 t.l., or i. o.d., expanding regularly from neck at angle of 19° from vertical in 54 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology anterior half, with evenly convex sides, to greatest diameter, 1.14 o.d., at equator, and contracting to less than a hemisphere aborally. Aboral horn a stout, broad, bluntly pointed cone of 39°. Basal diameter 0.62 length. Wall of small, subregular, secondary polygons, 25 across bowl and 37 from oral to aboral end. Toward aboral end polygons 0.5 size of those of middle. Wall thinner in collar and posterior half of bowl, with 1-4 layers of polygons. Nuchal shelf 0.18 o.d. in thickness. Lumen of bowl enters aboral horn for half its length, to septum, below which it continues to closed tip. L., total, 96; collar, IS; horn, 18. D., oral, 50; neck, 42; bowl, 57/x. At Sta. 4587 in Mexican Current; at 82°; 2 loricae. Codonella tropica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 2, figs. 3, 15 Lorica small, with suberect collar, stout subovoidal bowl, and slightly pointed aboral end; 1.33-1.55 (1.46) o.d., or 1.13-1.26 d. bowl. Collar set off by shallow, acutely notched constriction, sub- cylindrical in anterior 0.5, more convex aborally. Oral rim denticulate. Suboral crest a low, hyaline, barely inturned band less than 0.1 o.d. wide. Height of collar 0.19-0.25 t.l., or 0.31-0.42 o.d. Nuchal diameter about equal to oral. Collar inverted segment of cone of 18-25° with outwardly convex sides. Nuchal diameter 0.94-1.06 o.d. Bowl spheroidal, subconical aborally, pointed, length 1.20-1.23 (1.21) o.d., about equal to greatest diameter at 0.54-0.61 t.l. from oral end, con- tracting in an almost hemispherical contour to aboral point as a short convex cone of 125°. Wall thin, of rounded, elliptical, polygonal, or sometimes even hexagonal, secondary fields with double-contoured mesh, with primary prisms in fields, 32 across one face, and 42 from oral rim to aboral point. Closing-apparatus, when retracted, a low cone below collar, with 12-13 subequal blades. Four loricse: L., total, 70-77; collar, 12-20. D., oral, 45-57; neck, 46-55; bowl, 60-65 /x. At Sta. 4594 in Mexican Current and 4638 in Panamic Area; at 75-84 (79.5)°; 25 lorica;. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 55 3. CODONARIA gen. nov. Codenella, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 51-52 (see also Codonella). Codonellidce with short pot-shaped lorica, divided externally into collar and bowl; collar never annulated nor spiral, never distinct in wall structure from bowl, never longer than bowl, and always with sub- oral cone superposed above collar proper; aboral end rounded or pointed, never with aboral horn; wall with fenestrated regions and frequently with coccoliths ; closing-apparatus with up to 24 blades near equator of bowl; marine, eupelagic in warm temperate and tropical seas. Type species Codonaria cistcllula (Fol, 1884), a common and the oldest species, of genus, from off Villefranche-sur-Mer. Close to Codonella in all respects except suboral cone. Suboral crest on rim of suboral cone occurs also in a few species of Codonella. Sub- oral ledge, the morphological equivalent of the oral aperture of Codo- nella, flares more and has a thickened rim, not found in Codonella. Nuchal constriction better developed and lacks internal nuchal shelf. Contains eight species, of which 6 occur in Expedition material. Of the 8, 6 are new, 4 of which are in the Expedition material. Subdivided into 2 series: ■ — the angusta series, including angusta, australis, oceanica, lata, and bcnguclensis; and the dadayi series, including dadayi, mucro- nata, and cistcllula. Codonaria australis (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 2, fig. 13; Plate 3, fig. 12 Lorica small, moderately stout, top-heavy; 1.48-1.66 (1.58) o.d., or 1.28-1.44 (1.34) d. bowl. Suboral crest narrow, subcorneal (35°), 0.18 suboral cone. Oral margin entire or minutely and irregularly denticulate. Suboral cone a tall segment of a cone (44-55°) outwardly straight or slightly convex, with base 1.08 o.d., and length 0.16 o.d. Suboral trough (90°) deep, narrow, and V-shaped. Suboral ledge formed in some loricae by distal margin of collar, lacking flare of its own ; in other loricse a short segment of an outwardly convex cone (25°) 0.07-0.14 o.d. in length. Diameter of ledge 1.20-1.38 (1.28) o.d., its margin entire or irregular. Collar a tall inverted segment of a cone (25-35°) 0.31-0.35 (0.34) t.L, or 0.32-0.51 (0.44) o.d., with straight or outwardly convex sides. Neck deeply and acutely constricted to 0.82- 0.97 (0.87) o.d. or 0.71-0.79 (0.75) d. bowl. Bowl subspheroidal, slightly elongated, with faint aboral point in some loricse, length 0.64- 56 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.69 (0.65) t.l., 1.00-1.06 (1.04) o.d. or 1.08-1.21 (1.13) its trans- diameter. Aboral end slightly, but never acutely, pointed (140°), often simply rounded. Wall thicker in ledge, and thickest at throat, 0.1 o.d. Two layers of regular, subuniform secondary polygons in sub- oral cone, and 3 elsewhere. Large subcircular tertiary areas on middle and lower region of bowl, 3-4 times as large as secondary polygons. Forty secondary fields across bowl and 22^16 from oral to aboral end. Primary prisms in suboral crest and secondary prisms of collar and bowl. Wall with variety of patterns based on combinations of two structures, secondary polygons rather uniform in size and subregular in outline, and larger subcircular tertiary fields, often containing cocco- liths. Loricse from stations in Perubian Current often have "duplex" character. At Sta. 4734 encrusted with Rhabdosphcera claviger, with handles projecting, Coccolithophora leptopora in wall, and Ponto- sphcera syracusana in collar and bowl. Elongated rhabdoliths are un- usual in loricse. Animal large, with 24 membranelles and wide conical (110°) closing-apparatus of wrinkled folds in upper half of bowl. Ten loriea?: L., total, 74-78 (76.4); collar and cone, 24-28 (26.5). D., oral, 46-51 (48.2); ledge, 60-65 (61.9); neck, 41-44 (42.2); bowl, 54-61 (56.9) m. At 15 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 2, and 9, respectively, in Mexican and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 68-84 (78.2)°; 37 loricse. Codonaria benguelensis (Kofoid and Campbell) Lorica moderately tall, stout, with narrow suboral cone, wide collar, and spheroidal bowl, 1.56 o.d. or 1.42 d. bowl. Suboral crest wide, sub- erect, 0.3 of suboral cone. Oral margin ragged, irregular, without denticulations. Suboral cone a low segment of a cone (25-56°), with outwardly concave sides, base 1.03 o.d. in diameter and 0.24 of cone and collar, or 0.12 o.d. in length. Trough deep, broad, V-shaped (65°). Suboral ledge wide, 1.11 o.d., an upturned segment of an in- verted cone distally 40°, changing to 120° as it joins collar. Margin irregular, length 0.14 of collar. Collar an inverted segment of a cone (25-29°), 0.30-0.33 t.l. or 0.50-0.65 o.d., with plane or barely convex sides. Neck not deeply constricted, 0.87-1.00 o.d. or 0.80 d. bowl. Bowl spheroidal or slightly ellipsoidal, 0.67 t.l. or 1.12 o.d., expanding evenly 1.19 o.d. near middle. Aboral end without point. Wall thickest at neck. Large secondary areas in single layer, primary alveoli in 3-5 layers. Secondary fields 32 across middle of bowl, and 37 from oral KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 57 to aboral end, those of collar more definitely polygonal and half the size of those of equatorial region. Some polygons of bowl ovoidal in outline, in 9-11 rows, with duplex tertiary fenestration near equator, recalling some other Codonellidse and Dictyocysta duplex. Secondary polygons of aboral third similar to those of collar. Primary structure inside secondary polygons and in suboral crest. Single row of secondary fields in suboral ledge. L., total, 88; collar and cone, 27. D., oral, 52; ledge, 64; neck, 50; bowl, 62ju. At 3 stations, in Drift; at 72-82 (78.3)°; 3 loricse. CODONARIA CISTELLULA (Fol) Lorica very large, tall, with wide ledge and acute aboral end; 1.69- 2.10 (1.92) o.d., or 1.32-1.40 (1.37) d. bowl. Suboral crest short, suberect, 0.35 suboral cone. Oral margin entire. Suboral cone a very tall segment of a cone (40°), with outwardly straight or slightly concave sides, base 1.04 o.d., length 0.21 cone and collar, or 0.13 o.d. Trough (119°) rather wide, shallow, V-shaped. Suboral ledge a wide, short segment of an outwardly concave inverted cone (85°), equaling, or a little longer than, suboral cone. Ledge 1.28-1.32 (1.29) o.d. Margin entire. Collar an inverted segment of a cone (30-37°), 0.33-0.35 t.l. or 0.57-0.67 o.d., with straight sides. Neck typically deeply, but sometimes not acutelv, constricted. Nuchal diameter 0.86-0.95 (0.94) o.d., or 0.64-0.75 (0.67) d. bowl. Bowl elongated subspheroidal to globular, 0.63-0.67 (0.66) t.l., or 1.68-2.10 (1.90) o.d., expanding evenly to greatest diameter (1.29-1.54 ll.47| o.d.) at or near middle. Aboral end with barely emergent, blunt, conical (40°) point. Wall thickest in collar, thinning toward aboral end to less than a fourth, with 2-3 layers of regular secondary polygonal fields, 30-40 across equator and 50-60 from oral to aboral end, with equatorial zone of larger elliptical tertiary fields extending from inner to outer face, 2-3 times as large as secondary fields, freely interspersed among them. Animal with 18 membranelles and 8-16 very small regularly spaced macronuclei (meiotic?), (Brandt, 1907, pp. 19, 97). Closing-apparatus, figured by Entz, Jr. (1908, pi. 1, fig. 14; pi. 10, fig. 10), a cone (40°), with 16 or 18 blades, length 0.45 basal diameter, attached at nuchal level. Entz, Jr. figures 4 narrow spindle-shaped macronuclei, 14 membranelles, and 40 spiral rows of short body cilia. Seven loricse: L., total, 91-116 (104.0); collar and cone, 30-39 58 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology (35.4). D., oral, 49-58 (54.7) ; ledge, 65-75 (70.9); neck, 49-52 (51.3); bowl, 68-81 (76.0) /x. At 5 stations, viz., at 2, 1, aud 2, respectively, in California, Mexican, and Peruvian currents; at 68-83 (75.6)°; 5 loricse. Codonaria lata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 3, fig. 7 Lorica moderately large and very stout; 1.47-1.81 (1.64) o.d., or 1.25-1.40 (1.30) d. bowl. Suboral crest wide, suberect, 0.3 of suboral cone. Oral margin irregularly and abundantly denticulate with small, subuniform, equidistant, erect or curved teeth. Suboral cone a short segment of a cone (38-50°) with outwardly straight or even deeply concave sides, with base 1.06 o.d. and length 0.23 of cone and collar, or 0.1 o.d. Suboral trough shallow, narrow, formed by the outwardly rounded, widely flaring horizontal ledge projecting from distal margin of conical collar, contracting (150°) inwardly toward trough. Diameter of ledge 1.11-1.36 (1.22) o.d. Margin with many irregular, unequal, hardly equidistant, blunt denticulations. Collar a tall inverted segment of a cone (36-50°), 0.29-0.36 (0.33) t.l., or 0.47-0.61 (0.55) o.d., with sides outwardly convex. Neck slightly constricted to 0.83-0.96 (0.91) o.d., or 0.71-0.85 (0.79) d. bowl. Bowl subglobular, aborally flattened, 0.64-0.71 (0.67) t.l., 1.03-1.20 (1.11) o.d., or 0.84-0.97 (0.88) trans- diameter; expanding evenly from neck to greatest diameter, 1.15-1.40 (1.26) o.d., at 0.55-0.60 its length. No aboral point. Wall of sub- regular polygonal secondary fields, 25-30 across equator and 34-40 from oral to aboral end, smaller on suboral cone and aboral end than on bowl. Primary structure alone on suboral crest. Boundaries of secondary areas formed by trabecular consisting of primary prisms, fainter within areas enclosed by trabecular. Closing-apparatus trun- cated, conical (50°), with 10 blades. Animal large, filling over 0.5 of lorica. Ten loricse: L., total, 78-90 (85.9); collar and cone, 24-32 (28.5). D., oral, 47-58 (52.2); ledge, 59-68 (63.6); neck, 44-50 (47.4); bowl, 57-68 (65.6) M. At 19 stations, viz., at 1, 2, 5, and 11, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-83 (77.7)°; 170 loricse. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 59 Codonaria mucronata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 2, figs. 6, 16 Loriea short, stout, and baggy; 1.48-1.60 (1.54) o.d., or 1.26-1.38 (1.31) d. bowl. Suboral crest wide, 0.3 of suboral cone. Oral margin entire, irregular, or minutely serrate. Suboral cone a segment of a cone (35-60°), with straight or outwardly concave sides and base 1.05-1.13 o.d., length 0.11-0.23 of cone and collar, or 0.08-0.10 o.d. Suboral trough deep and wide (90°) . Suboral ledge stout, wide, not a continua- tion of the flaring collar, but dropping toward horizontal, forming a well defined shelf; a short segment of an outwardly convex cone (115°); length 0.5-0.8 suboral cone or 0.1 o.d. Ledge 1.26-1.38 (1.32) o.d. Margin entire, or irregular with numerous bluntly angled projec- tions. Collar tall, a wide inverted cone (30-45°), with bulging sides, 0.27-0.37 (0.34) t.l., or 0.45-0.57 (0.51) o.d. Neck moderately con- stricted, 0.83-0.94 (0.91) o.d. or 0.63-0.72 (0.68) d. bowl. Bowl broadly obovate or rotund, inflated posteriorly, with aboral point, 0.59-0.69 (0.63) t.l., 1.07-1.26 (1.11) o.d., or 0.79-0.89 (0.85) trans- diameter; expanding evenly to greatest diameter, 1.29-1.37 (1.34) o.d., contracting below within contour of sphere, with resulting baggy outline. Aboral end with regular, bluntly rounded, slightly emergent aboral point, conical (65°), not exceeding 0.08 o.d. Wall of fairly regular secondary polygons, 25-30 across equator, 37-40 from oral to aboral end. Trabeculae of prominent primary prisms. Fainter prisms in enclosed fields. Tertiary areas of rounded, elliptical, or subpolygonal form, twice or three times as large as secondary fields, interspersed in equatorial zone in one or more irregular lines and on collar. Tertiaries entirely lacking in many loricae, but in others filling up to a third of surface. Coccoliths of Coccolithophora pelagica in such areas in a few loricse. At Sta. 4681 this species, with Dictyocysta duplex, Codonella diomedoe, and C. elongata, has circular "duplex" structures on most of surface of bowl. Closing-apparatus low, conical, of 10-13 blades. Animal fills over 0.5 cavity. Ten loricse: L., total, 78-87 (84.5); collar and cone, 26-32 (29.4). D., oral, 46-50 (48.0); ledge, 60-67 (63.2); neck, 40^6 (43.8); bowl, 61-69 (64.2) /x. At 37 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 12, 1, 2, and 19, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-84 (72.8)°; 99 loricse. 60 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Codonaria oceanica (Brandt emended) Codonella cistellula var. a oceanica, partim, Brandt, 1907, pp. 80, 98, 459. C. cistellula var. a Brandt, 1907, p. 86. C. cistellula var. oceanica Brandt, 1907, pp. 99, 474. Lorica short, stout, with widely flaring collar and globose bowl; 1.61-1.75 (1.69) o.d., or 1.27-1.40 (1.30) d. bowl. Suboral crest erect or narrow subcorneal (60°), 0.25 of suboral cone in length, not differ- entiated in some loriese. Oral margin entire or irregularly and coarsely toothed. Suboral cone (80-93°) a low, wide segment with outwardly concave or straight sides, with base 1.20 o.d., and length 0.16 of cone and collar, or 0.1 o.d. Trough feebly developed; instead, cone and collar form a wide angle (111°). Suboral ledge moderately wide, 1.23 o.d. in diameter, upwardly and outwardly directed with irregular margin, or a narrow horizontal flange, with regular margin, or forming widened base of inverted, conical collar. Collar an inverted segment of a cone (40-47°) 0.32-0.36 t.l., or 0.54-0.58 o.d., with straight or out- wardly convex sides. Neck deeply constricted. Nuchal diameter 0.82-0.92 o.d. or 0.68-0.77 d. bowl. Bowl globose, 0.66-0.68 t.l. or 1.06-1.19 o.d., expanding evenly from neck to greatest diameter, 1.18-1.29 o.d., at 0.57-0.62 t.l. from oral margin, or 0.48 length of bowl from neck. Aboral region hemispherical. Wall thickest in neck and bowl, two-thirds as thick in collar, thinning down to less than a third at aboral end; of uniform regular secondary polygonal fields, 20-25 across bowl and 32 from oral to aboral end. No tertiary struc- ture. Four lories: L., total, 70-82 (75.0); collar and cone, 22-28 (25.5). D., oral, 40-48 (47.0); neck, 37-44 (40.7); bowl, 50-62 (57.7) fx. At 4 stations, viz., at 1, 1, and 2, respectively, in Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 72-80 (75.5)°; 9 loricae. 4. CODONOPSIS gen. nov. Cyttarocylis, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 115, fig. 212 (see also Cyttarocylis). Codonellidse with stout pot-shaped lorica. Suboral cone short, truncated conical. Suboral shelf horizontal. No nuchal constriction. Aboral end broadly rounded. Wall with thin outer and thick inner lamina and strongly developed secondary prismatic middle layer with fine primary prisms. No agglomerated particles on wall. Eupelagic in tropical seas. The type and only species is Codonopsis ollula (Brandt), KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 61 described from off Sunday Island in the Tropical Pacific by Brandt (1906, p. 22, pi. 36, fig. 10; 1907, pp. 200-201). Codonopsis is wholly different from Cyttarocylis, in which genus Brandt (1906, 1907) placed it, in the fundamental characteristics of the structure of wall and suboral pattern. The general form of the lorica is also much more like that in Codonella and Codonaria than in Cyttarocylis. Specifically, the wall of Cyttarocylis has a coarse, regu- lar, polygonal reticulum on the surface, while the wall of Codonopsis, Codonella, and Codonaria is smooth. Furthermore, the pattern of the secondary polygons of the intermediate layer in the wall of Codonopsis is similar to that of the Codonellidse and unlike that of Cyttarocylis. The suboral structure of Codonopsis consists of a suboral cone and ledge, homologous to that of Codonaria, while that of Cyttarocylis is a flaring collar above a nuchal constriction, a structure absent in Codonopsis. Codonopsis ollula (Brandt) Lorica small, very stout, rotund, with conical collar, stout, horizon- tal, suboral shelf, no nuchal constriction, no internal nuchal shelf, broadly ovoidal bowl, and subhemispherical aboral end; 1.57-1.65 (1.60) o.d. Oral margin entire. Oral diameter 0.61-0.64 (0.63) t.l., 0.71-0.75 (0.73) length of bowl, or 0.77-0.81 (0.79) d. suboral shelf. Collar a low cone (38-56°), 0.14-0.16 (0.15) t.l., or 0.22-0.25 (0.24) o.d., with sides outwardly straight or concave, with deepest portion submedian, increasing regularly to posterior end (1.08-1.13 o.d.). Suboral shelf a heavy ring, thick, horizontal, homologous to flaring shelf in Codonaria and to funnel-shaped collar of Cyttarocylis; diameter 1.24-1.29 (1.25) o.d.; width 0.09-0.12 o.d.; varying from subangular (16°) flat shelf to a low rounded ridge with upper surface slightly concave and outer edge angular (86°) to semi-circular in section. Bowl rotund, short, 0.84-O.86 (0.85) t.l. or 1.33-1.40 (1.36) o.d., broadly ovoidal, its greatest diameter, 1.33-1.42 (1.37) o.d., located at 0.50- 0.55 t.l. below oral margin. Aboral end subhemispherical to faintly subconical (90°), well filled out, and in some lorica? with a tendency to aboral flattening similar to, but not so evident as that in Cyttarocylis eucecryphalus. Wall with a well defined, uniform secondary polygonal meshwork of hexagonal pattern with angles not rounded and narrow raised marginal beams. Polygons of two sizes on collar; smaller ones less than half the size of others, in an upper suboral band of nearly half width of collar, and larger in lower part. Small prisms around 62 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology oral margin, 70 across one face in 3-7 rows. Larger prisms across middle of collar, 47-52 in 4-6 rows. Suboral shelf with 3-4 rows, two deep. Secondary polygons 36-40 across upper end of bowl, 50-70 on equator and from end to end, in a single layer except in nuchal ledge, appearing in section as subuniform, subequal rectangles with longer axes perpendicular to surface, with double-contoured walls enclosed between uniformly thin outer and thicker inner hyaline laminae. Secondary prisms enclose 10-18 subhexagonal primary prisms in 6-8 layers. Wall in collar half as thick as in bowl, and one-fourth of that in nuchal shelf. Four loricfe: L., total, 83-90 (88.0) ; collar, 12-14 (13.0); bowl, 71-77 (75.4). D., oral, 53-58 (55.0) ; ledge, 66-73 (69.5); bowl, 72-78 (75.6) M. At 21 stations, viz., at 1, 5, and 13, respectively, in Peruvian Cur- rent, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-75 (71.7)°; 50 loricae. III. CODONELLOPSID.E Kofoid and Campbell emended Codonellopsidae, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 67 (see also Dictyocystidse for Luminella. Tintinnoinea with top-shaped lorica with hyaline cylindrical collar and denser rotund bowl ; oral rim entire or very rarely toothed ; collar with spiral or annular structure; bowTl patterned, generally short, glo- bular or top-shaped; aboral end closed (except in Laackmanniella), rounded, pointed, or with an aboral horn, with central canal sometimes open distally, or closed off by a septum; wall of collar hyaline with primary structure only, not patterned, except for fenestra?; wall of bowl with coarse secondary structure, or with superposed tertiary; 2-8 macronuclei; 18-20 membranelles; entirely marine and usually oceanic. As founded by Kofoid and Campbell (1929) it includes Stenosemella with 7 species, Codonellopsis, 39, and Laackmanniella, 2. Only the first two are represented in our collections, Laackmanniella being Antarctic in distribution. The most primitive is Stenosemella, distinctly allied with Tintinnopsis in having a heavy, blob-bearing bowl of rounded form, and in lacking distinct laminae on the inner and outer surfaces of the bowl, but differing from it in having a low, hyaline, sometimes spiral collar narrower than the bowl, a character which allies it with Codonellopsis. The type genus, Codonellopsis, has a very long hyaline collar with many distinct spiral turns, and a dense-walled bowl, in which it re- sembles Stenosemella. In a few species, such as Cdps. tuberculata, the KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 63 collar is very low, with hardly more than one or two turns of the spiral, but in the majority of species the collar is as long as, or longer than, the bowl. The aboral end in the majority of species is rounded, and in the remainder has an aboral horn. Laackmanniella resembles Codonel- lopsis in having a long, hyaline annular or spiral collar and a denser bowl, which, however, is no wider than the collar. Unlike either Steno- semella or Codonellopsis, it has its aboral end widely open. This character is a generic one in Leprotintinnus (Tintinnididse) and a sub- family one in the Salpingellina?, which are widely separated from Laackmanniella taxonomically. Cdps. tuberculoid forms a transition between the two genera Codonellopsis and Stenosemella. This species, however, would seem to belong to Codonellopsis rather than to Steno- semella, since the bowl is intermediate in its finer structure and re- sembles somewhat that of Cdps. cordata in this regard. Cdps. cordata has a collar which undoubtedly allies it with Codonellopsis. The collar of tuberculoid is much like that of Stenosemella, being hyaline and made up of one or two low rings or spirals. The connecting links between Codonellopsis and Laackmanniella are of a more general nature, al- though no less obvious. One genus of the Dictyocystidse, Luminella, which includes species formerly assigned to Stenosemella in our Con- spectus, is characterized by having the collar provided with semilunar windows homologous with the larger ones of Dictyocysta. Stenosemella is more or less neritic in coastal waters. Codonellopsis is structurally more advanced, eupelagic, and attains its maximum speciation in tropical waters. Laackmanniella is also structurally advanced and eupelagic, but is confined to Antarctic waters. 5. STENOSEMELLA Jorgensen Stenosemella, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 67-68 (see also Luminella). Codonellopsidse with short, wide, olive-shaped lorica; never with spiral structure in bowl; oral aperature always narrower than bowl; oral margin entire; collar less than 0.3 o.d. in length, sometimes with 1-2 spiral turns, hyaline, thin, and usually free from adherent particles, never with windows; bowl usually with shoulder, widest at or above middle; no aboral horn; wall firm and dense, covered with agglomer- ated particles or with a coarse irregular reticulum; marine, neritic in temperate and northern waters. Type species Stenosemella ventricosa (Claparede and Lachmann, 1858, pi. 9, fig. 4) Jorgensen (1924, pp. 95, 96, fig. 107) from North Sea off coast of Norway. 64 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Established by Jorgensen (1924, p. 95) for three species, ventricosa (Clap, and Lach.), steini (Jorg.), and nucula (Fol). In 1929, in our Conspectus, we added avellana, nivalis, oliva, and producta from Meunier (1910), who had included them in Tintinnopsis, and S. ex- pansa and punctata from the same genus, described by Wailes (1925), renamed Wailes's Tps. punctata forma minor as , with an ad- jacent spheroidal micronucleus 7.5/x in diameter. These findings are in contradiction to those of Entz, Jr. (1909b) of 50 macronuclei (in sec- tions), some with attached micronuclei. It is possible that he might be dealing with sporulating, endomictic, or exconjugant stages, since such numbers of macronuclei are not wholly unknown elsewhere in the Tintinnoinea. Ten lorica?: L., total, 100-119 (107.0); bowl, 81-98 (88.5). D., oral shelf, 106-111 (109.1); oral, 88-96 (93.4); nuchal, 78-89 (86.6); bowl, 92-97 (94.8) m- At 4 stations, viz., at 1 and 3, respectively, in California and South Equatorial currents; at 69-78 (75.7)°; 15 loricse. IX. RHABDONELLID.E Kofoid and Campbell Tintinnoinea with lorica chalice-shaped, rarely bowl -shaped; oral margin never toothed, simple, or flattened with lip and gutter between inner and outer lamella?; bowl with upper and lower cone more or less differentiated; aboral region, except in Rhabdonella hydria, Epirhab- donella gen. nov., and the subgenus Eurhabdonella of Protorhabdon- ella, prolonged in a slender aboral horn, as in the subgenus Protor- habdonella, and genus Rhabdonella; or in a pedicel, knob, and lance, as in Rhabdonellopsis. Aboral horn or lance with slender canal, some- times open at tip; wall trilaminate, with intermediate secondary pris- matic structure; longitudinal ribs or striae present, usually with fenes- tra? between them; animal filling less than 0.5 of lorica, attached in lower cone of bowl; 2 macronuclei, 2 micronuclei, and 20 membranelles; marine and eupelagic in temperate and tropical seas. Resembles the Xystonellidse in chalice-shaped lorica, flattened and usually channeled circumoral rim, and in evolution of pedicel, knob, skirt, and lance within the family. Circumoral differentiation re- sembles that of Cymatocylis in having inner and outer parts with de- pression between, but the configuration differs in the two genera and inner margin is never toothed in the Rhabdonellidse, bowl is tapering instead of stout, and longitudinal markings are long and continuous instead of short and interrupted. Moreover, Cymatocylis is an Ant- 154 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology arctic genus, while the Rhabdonellidse are temperate and tropical in distribution. The stout bowls of Epirhabdonella are somewhat like those of Craterella, but they have full-length strise, wholly lacking in Craterella. Includes 4 genera, Protorhabdonella (4 species), with its 2 subgenera, Protorhabdonella subgen. nov. and Eurhabdonella subgen. nov. ; Epirhabdonella gen. nov. (3); Rhabdonella (23); and Rhabdonellopsis (7). 20. PROTORHABDONELLA Jorgensen Protorhabdonella, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 206, figs. 391-393, 395 (for fig. 394 see Epirhabdonella). Rhabdonellidse with lorica short, stout, or tapering; oral margin al- ways simple, thin, obliquely flattened on inner face, but without pro- truding lip and intervening gutter; bowl inverted conical, elongate or stout, with 8 to 28 vertical or spiral ribs; with or without an aboral horn; wall hyaline or with visible primary structure; eupelagic in temperate and tropical seas. Type species Protorhabdonella simplex (Cleve) Jorg. from Atlantic. Established by Jorgensen (1924, p. 57) for 2 stout species, simplex (Cleve) and curia (Cleve). Kofoid and Campbell (1929) added 2 new species, mira and striatum, and included ventricosa (Schmidt), omitted by Jorgensen (1924) and transferred to Epirhabdonella in this Report. Its stout species, curta and simplex, are somewhat like those of Craterella in form, but have less suboral structure and have ribs, which are lacking in Craterella. The elongated species, mira and striatura, are like those of Rhabdonella in shape, but have a narrow, flattened rim instead of a guttered one with a lip. Includes 4 species: curta, simplex, striatura, and mira, all present in Expedition material; one only, mira, was new (K. and C, 1929), and one, striatura ( = Cyttarocylis striata forma a elongata Cleve, 1901a, p. 922, fig. [3a]), was given a new name on grounds that elongata was a homonym (K. and C, 1929, p. 208). Subdivided into two subgenera: — Protorhabdonella subgen. nov. and Eurhabdonella subgen. nov. PROTORHABDONELLA subgen. nov. Protorhabdonella with short, inverted, convex conical lorica, not over 2 o.d. in length; aboral horn absent. Type species is that of the genus. Contains 2 species, curta and simplex. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 155 EURHABDONELLA subgen. nov. Protorhabdonella with elongated, inverted conical lorica, 5 or more o.d. in length; aboral horn present. Type species is Protorhabdonella (Eurhabdonella) mira K. and C. from Sta. 4701 in Drift of Eastern Tropical Pacific. Contains 2 species, mira and striatum. Protorhabdonella curta (Cleve) Jorgensen Plate 12, figs. 2, 7 Lorica short, convex conical, rather full above; 1.43-1.84 (1.68) o.d. Oral rim entire; circumoral region subtriangular in section, with flattened top and rounded edge with projecting angle the only trace of circumoral lip. Circumoral thickening slight, extending below rim for little more than its thickness. Bowl constituting whole lorica, slightly contracted below suboral region, expanding to 1.00-1.12 (1.08) o.d. at 0.5-0.6 o.d. below rim, and contracting aborally in a convex cone (40-50°), subacute, or slightly pedicellate. Aboral end blunt, closed. Wall very thin, uniform in thickness throughout, except for increase in suboral region; exceedingly hyaline, slightly greenish yellow in color, with no trace of prisms. Ribs 18-24 (19.7), extending from aboral end to circumoral region in a left spiral course increasing in upper 0.3 of bowl to 30-45°, rather elevated, equidistant, without bifurcations or anastomoses. Intercostal regions in end view presenting a concave, fluted appearance on outer surface. No fenestra? seen. Body of animal nearly filling lorica; one macronucleus observed. Eight loricse: L., total, 37-48 (41.5). D., oral, 20-28 (24.6) ; greatest, 22-28 (26.7) p. At 7 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 1, 1, and 3, respectively, in California, Peruvian, and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 71-83 (76.7)°; 17 lories. Protorhabdonella mira Kofoid and Campbell Plate 12, fig. 10 Lorica very slender, very elongate, attenuate chalice-shaped; 9.4 o.d. Oral margin entire, rounded, not guttered. Circumoral thickening 0.03 o.d. in width, and length not over twice its width. Bowl 3.6 o.d. in length, or 0.37 t.l. Its upper 0.7 subconical (3°), passing gradually into a cone of 20° forming aboral 0.3, which in turn passes imperceptibly into pedicel below. Pedicel very much elongated, 5.8 o.d. in length, 156 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology or 0.63 t.l., with upper diameter 0.07 its length; a tapering slender cone (3°) deflected 10° from vertical axis. Aboral end acute, with closed tip. Ribs 12, subvertical, inclined to right on lower bowl, very faint, sub- equally spaced. No fenestra?. L., total, 235; bowl, 90; pedicel, 145. D., oral, 25; top of pedicel, 10yu- Suggests Albatrossiella filigcra or A. agassizi in form, but differs in presence of ribs, lack of collar, and size, being nearly twice as long as A. agassizi (127^). Superficially like Xystonella longicauda, but has a different wall structure. In Protarhabdonella mira there is exhibited an example of remarkable convergence in form between two distantly related but astonishingly similar forms of lorica. The lorica? of this species resemble in form and proportions those of Albatrossiella of the Tintinnidse, but differ funda- mentally in wall structure. Such convergences in form between dis- tantly related pairs of species, as, for example, the above-mentioned pair and the similarly striking case of Stelidicllafenestrata and Xystonel- lopsis omata must be of fundamental significance. They may be ex- pressions of genetic factors emerging in widely separated species in the somewhat uniform oceanic environment. The elongation of the lorica is an adaptation to flotation in both. At Sta. 4681 and 4701 in Drift; at 68-72 (70)°; 3 loricse. Protorhabdonella simplex (Cleve) Jorgensen Plate 12, fig. 3 Lorica stout, anteriorly convex, conical vase-shaped, without a pedi- cel; 1.58-1.85 (1.71) o.d. Oral margin entire, rounded. Oral diameter 0.50-0.54 t.l. Circumoral thickening not over 0.07 o.d. in length, 0.05 in thickness, encroaching inwardly upon lumen without external bulge to form a suboral lip. Bowl stout, subconical bullet-shaped, widest (0.20-0.25 t.l.) below oral rim, gradually expanding to 1.07-1.20 (1.10) o.d. ; above this level a truncated segment of a cone (25°) contracting symmetrically below to an inverted convex cone with distal angle of 50-70°. Aboral end closed, acutely pointed. Wall thin, bilaminate, hyaline, of greenish tinge and uniform thickness except in thicker suboral and aboral ends. Two lamellae apparently fused, except in suboral region; intermediate layer of prisms not detected except for a faintly mottled appearance. Ribs 7-9, running longitudinally from aboral end to suboral region. Intercostal surfaces outwardly flattened, giving a faceted contour to lorica. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 157 Ten lorica?: L., total, 47-64 (53.2). D., oral, 26-33 (31.2); greatest, 28-36 (34.4) M. At 42 stations, viz., at 4, 4, 9, 1, 5, 3, and 16, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 65-84 (75.8)°; 77 loricae. Protorhabdonella striatura Kofoid and Campbell Plate 12, fig. 6 Lorica slender, conical chalice-shaped, with a short pedicel; 4.72- 5.69 (5.13) o.d. Oral margin entire, rounded, not guttered. Circumoral thickening not over 0.05 o.d. in thickness, fading out gradually within a length of three times its thickness, and flaring outwardly to extent of increase in thickness. Bowl 2.42-3.11 (2.73) o.d., or 0.42-0.64 (0.53) t.l. in length, divisible into an upper section forming a segment of an inverted cone (6-10°), constituting 0.6-0.9 of bowl, and a lower one, a segment of an inverted cone (15-24°) forming 0.1-0.4 of bowl. Pedi- cel only slightly differentiated from bowl, forming 0.36-0.58 (0.47) t.l., 1.77-3.27 (2.44) o.d. in length, an inverted cone (7-12°) with an upper diameter 0.16-0.23 its own length. Aboral end acute or slightly rounded, with a closed tip. Wall sometimes irregular in contour but uniformly 0.02 o.d. in thickness, increasing to 0.03 in suboral region, made up of inner and outer subequal, relatively thick lamellae, enclos- ing a single layer of minute prisms. Lamella? fused toward aboral end for a length of 0.9 o.d. Prisms very faint, 3-6 across one intercostal space and about 100-150 across one face of bowl. Fenestra? present, but limited to a few scattered, tiny, ellipsoidal areas on lower end of bowl. Ribs sub vertical, inclined slightly to right aborally in some lori- cae, with a short sinistral deflection on suboral thickening, 28-44 in number, very faint, somewhat irregular, subequally spaced, and bifur- cating occasionally on upper bowl. Ten lorica? : L., total, 125-165 (137.4); bowl, 65-85 (73.1); pedicel, 48-95 (65.4). D., oral, 25-29 (26.8) ». There is some correlation of size with temperature as indicated in the relatively stouter lorica? from the cooler waters of the Peruvian Cur- rent. Prisms are somewhat more distinct in these lorica?. At 11 stations, viz., at 3, 1, and 7, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 67-79 (73.1)°; 17 lorica?. 158 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 21. EPIRHABDONELLA gen. nov. Rhabdonellidse with a thin-walled circumoral crest arising from center of rim of thickened suboral region, formed by closely appressed inner and outer lamellae; suboral lip undeveloped ; well developed, thick- ened suboral zone and inner nuchal ridge present; bowl conical; ribs elevated as low fins; no pedicel; in tropical oceanic seas. Type species Epirhabdonella coronata sp. nov. from surface at Sta. 4704 in Drift. Includes three species, coronata sp. nov., mucronata sp. nov. from Expedition material, and ventricosa (Schmidt), originally described (1901) as Cyttarocylis ventricosa from Red Sea. The last named in- cluded by Brandt (1907) in Rhabdonella and by K. and C. (1929) in Protorhabdonella. The three species differ in proportions and type of aboral end. Differs from Protorhabdonella in addition of oral crest to circumoral region; from Rhabdonella and Rhabdonellopsis in crested instead of flattened and guttered oral rim and in absence of aboral pedicel, or of pedicel, knob, and horn. Its aboral end has not undergone structural evolution. Epirhabdonella coronata spec. nov. Plate 12, figs. 8, 9 Lorica slender, tapering vase-shaped, rotund anteriorly and conical posteriorly; 2.05 o.d. Oral margin rounded, entire. Oral diameter 0.5 t.l. Oral crest a short segment of an inverted, concave cone (35°), 0.08 o.d. in length, concave outwardly, rising from middle of thickened rim. Suboral lip slight, a nuchal shoulder formed on outer side of base of oral crest, not protruding beyond symmetrical contour of bowl. Sub- oral thickened zone 0.33 o.d. in length, with maximum thickness 0.16 its length somewhat above its middle, its uppermost inner corner pro- jecting into lumen as a narrow, rounded nuchal ridge at upper limit of bowl. Inner nuchal diameter 0.92 o.d. Bowl pointed bullet-shaped, 1.94 o.d. in length, widest (1.1 o.d.) at 0.4 o.d. below oral margin; a segment of a convex cone (17°) above for 0.14 its length, contracting below quickly to a symmetrical cone of 40°. Aboral end bluntly rounded. Ribs 9, equidistant, uniformly vertical, running from nuchal shoulder to aboral end, each a raised fold or angled thickening of outer lamella, highest a short distance below equator of bowl, decreasing in height in both directions. Interspaces flattened, slightly concave out- wardly. Wall in oral crest formed by appressed heavy inner and outer KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 159 lamellae, between which intermediate prisms are flattened almost to extinction. In thickened suboral zone the prisms in 3 layers in widest part, decreasing distally to 1 at its aboral limit, beyond which they can be traced only in surface view; 10 across one interspace at equator. Two loricse: L., total, 73. D., oral, 35; greatest, 39 m- At 3 stations, viz., at 2 and 1, respectively, in California Current and Drift; at 69-76 (72.6)°; 3 loricse. Epirhabdonella mucronata spec. nov. Plate 12, figs. 13, 14 Lorica elongated, convex conical goblet-shaped, resembling that of Protorhabdonella simplex in proportions; 1.52-1.57 o.d. Oral margin entire. Oral diameter 0.57-0.60 t.l. Circumoral crest very low, erect, not over 0.03 o.d. in height. Nuchal shoulder prominent, representing suboral lip. Inner nuchal ridge broadly rounded. Nuchal diameter a trifle less than oral. Suboral thickened zone narrow, 0.15 o.d. in length and 0.05 in thickness, encroaching upon lumen. Bowl below nuchal shoulder broadly bullet-shaped, 1.49-1.54 o.d. in length, widest (1.05-1.12 o.d.) within 0.25 t.l. below oral margin, forming above this level a segment of a convex cone (33-37°), and below, an inverted con- vex cone changing gradually from 23° near middle of bowl to 60-65° aborally. Aboral end abruptly contracted to an almost truncated end 0.15 o.d. in diameter, with a minute, mucronate aboral point in center. Ribs 9, equidistant, vertical, running from nuchal region to flattened aboral end. Wall very thin, hyaline, thicker in suboral zone. Two loricse: L., total, 53-55. D., oral, 28-32; greatest, 85/*. At Sta. 4576 in California Current; at 69°; 2 loricse. 22. RHABDONELLA Brandt emended Kofoid and Campbell Rhabdonellidae with elongate, striate, chalice-shaped lorica; oral margin entire, always lacking teeth, with a more or less clearly defined gutter between inner and outer lamellse, inner usually a bit higher than outer, projecting as a suboral lip; bowl conical, except in the aberrant anadyomene, hydria, and poculum; aboral horn gradually differentiated from bowl, slender, more or less protracted, never with apophyses, knob, skirt, or lance; ribs numerous (20-64), sub vertical, simple, or branched, sometimes with anastomoses; fenestra? none, or few to many between ribs, especially in suboral region; wall trilaminate, with inner 160 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology and outer double-contoured lamella? well developed, especially sub- orally, with one layer of primary prisms in them, prominent secondary prisms in intermediate layer between, each filled with smaller primary ones. Type species Rhabdonella spiralis (Fol) Bdt. emended K. and C. from Mediterranean off Villefranche-sur-Mer. Established by Brandt (1907) as a subgenus, but with vacillation given generic standing in the same monograph. Laackmann (1909) accorded it generic rank. Jorgensen (1924) accepted its generic status, and, by the withdrawal of Protorhabdonella, assisted greatly in its clarification. We (1929) accepted Jorgensen's Protorhabdonella, and by the removal of Rhabdonellopsis with a knobbed pedicel still further increased the homogeneity of the genus. Resembles Rhabdonellopsis, except that it has a simple aboral horn instead of distinct pedicel, apophysis, and knob, skirt, and lance. Differs from Protorhabdonella in having a guttered circumoral rim, and from Epirhabdonella in a distinct aboral horn. Includes 23 species, of which 19 are present in Expedition material. Of these 23 species 9 were new and 1 other is assigned a new name (K. and C, 1929, p. 213). All 9 species are present in Expedition ma- terial. The species fall into two quite homogeneous but intergrading groups, the exilis and torta series. The exilis series includes 9 species, as follows : — exilis, indica, amor, cornucopia, brandti, elegans, quantula, inflata, and as an aberrant member, poculum. The torta series includes 13 species, as follows: — torta, striata, val- destriata, hebe, henserii, chavesi, spiralis, aberrans, lohmanni, cuspidata, conica, the dwarfed chiliensis, and the aberrant anadyomene. Rhabdonella anadyomene Entz, Sr. (1884) is questionably a tintinnid. It was found but once at Naples and has never since been reported. R. hydria is regarded by Jorgensen as "accidental", but it occurred at 18 stations in the Mediterranean and was quite variable. Should it prove to consist of normal loricse the species should not remain in Rhabdonella, as it lacks the characteristic aboral horn, and a new genus should be erected for it if and when its normality is established. Pos- sibly it represents a complex of species. R. chiliensis occurred at 3 sta- tions, is a depauperate or dwarfed species, and clearly belongs in the R. torta series, though abnormally small. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 161 Rhabdonella aberrans Kofoid and Campbell Plate 14, fig. 7 Lorica greatly elongated, very slender chalice-shaped, its bowl and horn subequal, merging gradually; 7.41 o.d. Oral rim not projecting above shelf. Oral diameter 0.13 t.l. Circumoral shelf 0.16 o.d. in width, diameter to margin of lip 1.32 o.d. Circumoral gutter slightly concave, sloping to oral margin. Lip with an irregularly crenate margin, flaring very abruptly, with a sigmoid outline underneath, and a height of 0. 1 o.d. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.53 and 0.47 t.l. Bowl tapering coni- cal, subcylindrical above, tapering below gradually into horn, divisible into approximately equal upper and lower cones, upper 5° increasing below to 10°, lower nearly conical (20°), passing gradually into horn. Aboral horn crooked, subconical (3°), somewhat twisted, with truncate end and obscure minute canal to tip, with upper diameter 0.06 its length, with no optically differentiated knob region, except for some- what larger prisms in lower horn. Wall nearly uniform in thickness throughout lorica below suboral ridge, increasing in suboral shelf, and thinning out in lower bowl, trilaminate, enclosing one layer of prisms, increasing to 2-8 in uppermost bowl and suboral shelf, about 75 across one face. Ribs deficient, vanishing at about 1.0 o.d. below rim, and not reappearing, except for two oblique ribs crossing upper horn in an ascending left spiral (18°), and reappearing faintly on the lower horn, 30 at top of lorica, bifurcating widely below shelf, showing interruption, interpolation, anastomoses, feeble development, and minutely sinuous courses. Fenestra? scattered, elliptical, with long axis vertical, extend- ing on upper horn, 8-12 in one intercostal space, with long diameter of 2m. L., total, 400; bowl, 212; horn, 188; D., oral, 54; suboral shelf, 71fx. At Sta. 4580 in California Current; at 76°; 1 lorica. Rhabdonella amor (Cleve) Brandt Plate 12, fig. 5 Lorica moderately elongate goblet-shaped, convex conical, without distinct horn; 1.97-2.88 (2.29) o.d. Bowl constitutes whole lorica and bears only a moderately defined suboral shelf. Oral rim low, flaring less than 3°, barely emergent above lip. Oral diameter 0.35-0.50 (0.44) t.l. Suboral shelf 0.11 o.d. in width, diameter to edge of lip 1.14-1.26 (1.19) o.d., its upper surface sloping obliquely to base of oral rim, form- 162 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology ing a shallow gutter triangular in section, lower surface of lip slightly convex, merging in bowl within 0.15 o.d. Bowl scarcely divisible into upper and lower cones; its upper 0.5-0.6 convex subcorneal (5-15°) and lower 0.5-0.4 a regular convex cone (45-60°). Aboral point acute, closed. Wall thin, thickening in suboral region and not in pedicel, sub- ject to local thinning around fenestra?, composed of two lamellae enclos- ing 1-2 layers of minute, regular, uniform prisms, increasing to 6 in suboral shelf, somewhat larger in uppermost part of bowl, 5-7 prisms across one intercostal space and 150-180 across one face of bowl. Ribs well defined, extending from aboral end to suboral shelf, terminating on its under surface, slightly spiral, ascending to left 5-10°, increasing to 20-60° just below shelf, subequidistant, sometimes incomplete or interpolated, and often sinuous on lower bowl, bifurcating near mid- bowl and anastomosing to left or right, anastomoses sometimes faint, and bifurcations near shelf rare. There are 24-36 (30) ribs, according to both our and Jorgensen's (1924) observations. Fenestra small, in- conspicuous, and numerous in our loricae, decreasing in frequency towards shelf, 30-50 in one intercostal space, irregularly distributed, often near ribs, and extending well towards aboral end, circular, varia- ble in size (1.5-2.5/x), not thick-walled, less prominent than in spiralis and valdestriata. There are 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei, 8 by 11 n, with 2 adjacent micronuclei, 3 by 4/u, and 20 membranelles, approximating ribs in number. Body nearly fills lorica. Ten loricae: L., total, 77-107 (90.1). D., oral, 37-42 (39.3); oral lip, 45^9 (46.8) m. Loricae from warmer (76-84°) record stations are somewhat smaller (86^) than those (99 m) from colder (72-73°) ones. However, the longest lorica (107//) is from 76°. At 60 stations, viz., at 3, 9, 3, 1, 1, 13, 2, and 28, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, and South and North Equatorial cur- rents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-85 (77.5)°; 526 loricae. Rhabdonella chiliensis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 14, fig. 8; Plate 15, figs. 10, 16, 17 Lorica medium tall, very tapering chalice-shaped, with short bowl and long horn; 5.0-5.3 (5.2) o.d. Oral rim erect, no higher than lip, less than 0.02 o.d. in height. Circumoral shelf with width of 0.1 o.d., and diameter to margin of lip of 1.16-1.28 o.d. Oral diameter 0.2 t.l. Cir- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 163 cumoral gutter a concave depression on shelf. Lip angled (60°), with rounded, undulating edge due to deflected ribs which fade out at its upper surface, its contour contained within an inverted cone of 65°, suboral thickening not exceeding 0.11-0.25 o.d. in height. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.56-0.60 (0.59) and 0.44-0.40 (0.41) t.l. Bowl 3.0 o.d. in length, with upper cone (6-10°) 0.66 length of bowl, and lower (25-28°) 0.33. Transition to horn better defined than in other species. Aboral horn 2.0-2.8 o.d. in length, subconical 10° above, slightly curved asymmetrically, subcylindrical below, expanding a little in fusiform knob with localized expansion in central canal 0.5 o.d. above tip, tapering (8-10°) below. Tip truncate, minutely open. Wall hya- line, slightly tinged with yellow, rather thick, thinning below shelf, in lower bowl, and upper horn, thickening in shelf and knob, trilaminate, with thin lamellae enclosing one layer of prisms, increasing to 2-4 in shelf, thin-walled, minute, faint, 8-10 between ribs, and 150-160 across one face, somewhat larger near rim and in lower horn. Ribs 48-60, subvertical in direction, with a slight right spiral on knob, and with some sinistral suboral deflection, but not so much as in chavesi, extend- ing from rim to tip, but crowded and faint on horn, indistinct, bifur- cating freely, with resulting crowding in upper 0.3 of bowl, with many anastomoses, approximations, and refusions. Fenestra? 13-20 between ribs on bowl, extending from 0.27 of its length below rim to at least below knob, irregularly subcircular, flaring inwardly, with area around them not externally impressed, irregularly submedian in location be- tween ribs, and growing smaller and more elliptical in narrow spaces on horn. Three loricse: L., total, 270-296 (283.3); bowl, 162-176 (167.3); pedi- cel, 108-130 (119.3). D., oral, 54-56 (55.0); lip, 64-67 (65.2) ; midway, 23-29 (26.6); knob, 5-7 (5.7) fi. At 3 stations, viz., at 1 and 2, respectively, in California and Peru- vian currents; at 66-71 (68.3)°; 4 lories. Rhabdonella conica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 14, figs. 2, 10, 11 Lorica very tall, tapering chalice-shaped, with slender bowl, very long horn; 5.6-7.9 (6.7) o.d. Oral rim erect or slightly flaring, thicker than inner lamella from which it springs, and not higher than suboral shelf, encroaching slightly on lumen. Oral margin gently, irregularly 164 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology undulating. Oral diameter 0.13-0.18 (0.15) t.l. Circumoral gutter shallow, sloping (15°) up to rim. Circumoral shelf 0.1 o.d., and di- ameter to margin of lip 1.14-1.21 (1.19) o.d. Lip thick, somewhat undulating, angled (75°), with rounded edge and under surface flaring abruptly (45°) and merging at once into wall within 0.14-0.20 o.d. of margin. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.43-0.56 (0.51) and 0.57-0.44 (0.49) t.l. Bowl 2.9-4.0 (3.4) o.d. in length, only approximately divisible into upper and lower cones; upper 0.67-0.78 (0.72) length of bowl, with angle of 5-14°; lower 0.22-0.33 (0.28), with angle of 15-25°. Transition of lower cone to horn gradual, except in wider- angled bowls. Aboral horn a subregular, elongated, concave cone decreasing from 10° above to 2-3° towards lower end, and increasing abruptly near tip to 10°, 2.5-4.5 (3.3) o.d. in length, with upper diameter 0.08-0.13 its length, without an optically differentiated region corresponding to knob, though some loricre have a slight distal enlargement of prisms. Tip abruptly truncate and minutely open. Wall thin, hyaline, of a light straw color, decreasing aborally in thick- ness from shelf to midbowl and lower horn, trilaminate, with equal lamella3 of medium thickness, enclosing 1 layer of very regular, uni- form, and fairly distinct prisms, increasing to 2-5 in shelf, largest and most distinct in shelf, decreasing slightly aborally, and enlarged in lower horn, 6-8 between ribs and 95-120 across one face. Ribs 32-48 (39), very distinct, even to lower horn, and sometimes to its very tip, less regular, less equidistant, and less straight in our loricre than in Brandt's figures, subject to minor sinuosities, irregularities, approxi- mations, occasional interpolations and coalescences, and frequent sinistral, ascending anastomoses. Bifurcations most numerous on lower part of lower cone and near shelf. Course of the ribs varying in obliquity in a more or less sinistral (5-12°) spiral, becoming subvertical towards top and often terminating in short, abrupt sinistral turn, up to 20°, less oblique in long bowls than in shorter ones, greatest in transition region and lower cone, vertical on horn, though dextrally spiral in knob region. Fenestra? 13-20 (17) in one intercostal space on bowl, 0.3-0.5 of intercostal space in diameter, circular or very broadly elliptical in outline, becoming narrowly elliptical in horn with long axis vertical, flaring inward, very distinct, subuniform in shape, and distributed subuniformly beginning 0.4 o.d. below rim and extend- ing well towards lower end of horn in reduced frequency and size. Ten loricfe: L., total, 290-452 (364.5); bowl, 153-216 (185.6); pedicel, 137-255 (178.9). D., oral, 52-57 (54.9); lip, 63-69 (65.4); midway, 11-28 (18.3) /x. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 165 At 19 stations, viz., at 2, 7, 3, 2, 2, and 3, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial, and Equatorial Counter cur- rents, and Panamic Area; at 66-85 (78.9)°; 221 loricse. Rhabdonella cornucopia Kofoid and Campbell Plate 12, figs. 1, 12 Lorica distinctly conical (18-36°) vase-shaped; 2.16-3.46 (2.91) o.d. Oral rim thin, forming a truncated segment of a cone (27°) extending 0.07 o.d. above suboral shelf. Oral diameter 0.29-0.46 (0.34) t.l. Suboral shelf flattened concave above, 0.11 o.d. in width, diameter to lip 1.10-1.25 (1.16) o.d. Lip angled (55°), its edge rounded, and its height equalling that of oral rim. Bowl conical (22-30°), 1.71-2.41 (2.05) o.d. in length, with no division into upper and lower parts, except for a slight increase in angle of cone in its lower 0.35, forming 0.67-0.79 (0.72) t.l., and passing more or less abruptly into aboral horn, which forms 0.21-0.34 (0.29) t.l. and is 0.44-1.18 (0.82) o.d. in length, with basal diameter of 0.25 o.d., subcylindrical to subconical (6-8°), tapering more in its distal 0.3-0.4 to a truncate open or blunt tip, whose diameter is 0.3-0.5 that at base of horn, often with a slight expansion at 0.4 of length of horn from its tip but with no internal expansion of canal. This slight expansion represents the knob region of Rhabdonellopsis. A narrow canal of uniform calibre (0.25-0.33 of that of horn) passes from lumen of bowl to open tip. In some loricse the tip appears to be closed. Wall of nearly uniform thickness, thicken- ing at circumoral rim and less in horn, exceedingly hyaline, with faint prismatic structure and striae, trilaminate, the two lamellae enclosing on bowl a single layer of radially disposed, regular, uniform prisms, larger below suboral shelf, with 3-4 layers of smaller prisms and 2-4 layers of larger, more distinct ones in denser lemon-yellow horn, 50 across one face in suboral zone of large prisms, 65 below this, and 8-12 on horn. Ribs very faint, best seen in upper 0.3 of bowl and below suboral shelf, subvertical, with inclination not exceeding 10° to left. Bifurcations vary in number, with variations from 20 to 30 in number of ribs at upper end of bowl. Ribs cannot be traced upon horn. No fenestra seen. About 20 membranelles. Ten loricse: L., total, 97-146 (124.9); bowl, 77-106 (89.2); horn, 20-49 (35.7). D., oral, 39-46 (43.6); lip, 43-55 (50.6); pedicel, 4-6 (4.8) M. 166 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology At 27 stations, viz., at 2, 3, 2, 4, and 16, respectively, in California, Mexican and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 69-84 (77.9)°; 170 loricse. Rhabdonella cuspidata (Zacharias) Brandt Plate 15, figs. 3-5 R. gigantea K. and C, 1929, p. 212. Lapsus pennas in the use of a discarded manuscript name. Lorica large, extremely tall, chalice-shaped, with horn shorter than long, laterally concave bowl; 6.3-9.3 (7.5) o.d. Oral rim and circumoral shelf like those in spiralis, except that rim is better developed, gutter somewhat deeper, and shelf more abruptly emergent. Oral rim not exceeding 0.025 o.d. in height, suberect, and thickened. Oral diameter 0.11-0.16 (0.13) t.l. Circumoral gutter sloping 15° down to oral rim with flat bottom. Width of shelf 0.09 o.d., and diameter to its edge 1.09-1.24 (1.17) o.d. Lip with slope of 30° on lower surface and cren- ulated or undulating edge. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.49-0.75 (0.61) and 0.51-0.25 (0.39) t.l. Length of bowl 232-389 (271) p., a dis- tinguishing feature of the species, exceeding that in all other species of genus. To this is added concavity of lateral contour in upper third of bowl, which is very pronounced in some loricse and scarcely detect- able in others. The extreme depth of this, 0.12 o.d., measured to sub- tending tangent, gives a baggy appearance to lower bowl, which varies greatly in development, from slightest expansion, only 0.75 o.d., up to 1.00. Lorica? with least expansion vary toward spiralis. Bowl readily divisible into upper and lower cones, upper with angle of 0-5°, 0.58- 0.80 total length of bowl; lower conical or convex subcorneal (18-25°), 0.20-0.42 length of bowl, narrower ones having least concavity above. Transition to horn gradual. Aboral horn concave conical, much elon- gated, 2.0-4.1 (2.19) o.d. in length, its angle above 15-20°, decreasing to 5-0° distally, and increasing again to about 10° near end, its upper diameter 0.07-0.20 its length, sometimes curved, bent, or asymmetrical. Tip truncate, open. Wall heavier than in spiralis by reason of the thick lamella3, hyaline, of a bright straw color, thickest in shelf, de- creasing abruptly below in lower bowl, and in horn, trilaminate, with heavy lamella?, inner heavier than outer, enclosing a single layer of prisms, increasing to 2-4 in shelf, largest at edge in shelf, decreasing aborally, uniform, regular, very faint, hyaline, larger and clearer in lower horn, 5-8 between ribs and 150 across one face. Ribs 48-72 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 167 (5S.5), running from crenations in shelf far down on horn, rather sinu- ous, with minor irregularities, not regularly equidistant, frequently anastomosing, coalescing, or reuniting, and bifurcating on lower bowl and occasionally above, but rarely in suboral region, interpolations occurring in some loricse nearly as frequently as bifurcations, their course an ascending left spiral, steepest (20°) on lower bowl, continuing steeply through middle, and becoming subvertical above, with or without a sinistral turn at top. Fenestras very prominent, with thick walls flaring inwardly, submedian in intercostal space, 15-25 in one space, beginning about 0.3 o.d. below rim and continuing far down on horn in smaller size and reduced numbers, very broadly elliptical with long axis vertical, or circular with a diameter of 0.3-0.4 intercostal space. Several instances of doubled fenestras, two openings in one encircling wall (Plate 15, fig. 3), were seen. Ten loricse: L., total, 404-520 (446.7); bowl, 232-389 (270.5); horn, 125-242 (176.2). D., oral, 56-64 (59.8); lip, 66-72 (69.8); midway, 26-60 (35.5) ix. At 25 stations, viz., at 8, 12, and 5, respectively, in Mexican and Peruvian currents and Panamic Area; at 66-85 (75.2)°; 62 loricse. Rhabdonella elegans Jorgensen emended Kofoid and Campbell Lorica short, conical chalice-shaped; 3.53^1.14 (3.88) o.d. Brandt's (pi. 54, figs. 3, 11) lories measure 2.72-3.11 (2.92) and may be flat- tened. Oral rim scarcely emergent, forming a segment of an inverted cone (22°) less than width of suboral shelf in height. Oral diameter 0.28-0.32 t.l. Suboral shelf less than 0.1 o.d. in width, diameter to its edge 1.15 o.d. Circumoral gutter angular (50°), deepest (0.5 its width) next to oral rim. Suboral lip but little developed or angled outwardly. Suboral thickening (0.1 o.d.) tapering aborally for 0.34 o.d. Bowl 0.68-0.70 t.l., 2.15-2.28 o.d. (2.14-2.37 o.d. in Brandt's loricse), roughly divisible into upper subcylindrical to subconical (4-20°) cone forming 0.6-0.7 length of bowl, and lower one of less convexity and wider cone (35-45°) forming 0.4-0.3 of bowl with a gradual transition between. Aboral horn 1.02-1.08 o.d. in length, tapering conical (10- 15°), with upper diameter 0.2-0.4 its length and with acute or blunt closed tip. Wall uniform in thickness, thickening in suboral shelf, but not in horn, composed of two subequal lamellae enclosing 2 layers of very fine and faintly outlined, subregular, uniform prisms, increasing to 3-5 in suboral shelf, 8-12 across one intercostal space and 200 across 168 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology one face of bowl. Ribs vertical throughout most of their course, turning abruptly to left (30-40°) below suboral shelf and fading out on its slope, 36-48, subequally spaced and somewhat irregular in their course, bifurcating frequently on lower and middle parts of more flaring bowls, with few anastomoses and coalescences. Fenestras small, circular, rather faint, irregularly distributed, 20-30 in one intercostal space, varying in size from 0.5 to 1.2/x and distributed from a short distance below shelf well down upon the horn. Body bell-shaped, with peduncle attached in lower end of bowl. Animal nearly fills bowl. Two loricae: L., total, 149-180; bowl, 101-125; horn, 48-55. D., oral, 47-51; oral lip, 54-59 /x. At 3 stations, viz., at 2 and 1, respectively, in Panamic Area and Drift; at 69-80 (76.3)°; 4 lories. Rhabdonella exilis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 12, fig. 4 Lorica tapering conical goblet-shaped, with sinuous outline; 2.22- 2.60 (2.46) o.d. Circumoral shelf not abruptly nor widely flaring, with width and diameter to margin of lip, respectively, 0.11 and 1.12-1.19 (1.17) o.d., its upper surface slightly channeled by a gutter flattened semicircular in cross section. Suboral lip entire, with rounded outer angle and slightly convex outline below. Oral rim abruptly flaring, very low, with thin edge formed by projecting inner lamella. Bowl in- verted, slightly convex conical, its angle increasing from 10-15° in upper bowl to 35-45° in its lowermost part without localized transition; form- ing 0.72-0.80 (0.77) t.l., or 1.74-2.16 (1.92) o.d. Aboral horn tapering conical (12-25°), sharply set off from bowl by abrupt change in slope, its length 0.20-0.28 (0.23) t.l., diameter at upper end 0.13-0.18 o.d. Tip acute, closed. Wall uniform in thickness throughout, ex- cept in expanded suboral region (triangular in section) ; not thickened in aboral horn; visibly trilaminate only in suboral region, two lamellae completely fused elsewhere into a single, thin, homogeneous, hyaline, greenish-yellow layer in which prisms are not demonstrable, even in suboral thickening. Ribs 45, feebly developed, scarcely affecting lateral outline, demonstrable in surface view only under best conditions of definition; running from edge of shelf downwards, fading out on aboral horn; ascending spirally to the left 8-10°, increasing to 25° just below rim, fairly regular, nearly equidistant, bifurcating occasionally, and anastomosing frequently, the anastomosing branch passing generally to right. No fenestra? found. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TIXTIXXOINEA 169 Eight lorica? : L., total, 60-70 (63.1); bowl, 43-54 (49); aboral horn, 12-17 (14.1). D., oral, 24-28 (25.6); oral lip, 27-33 (29.9) /i. At 7 stations, viz., at 1, 2, and 4, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents and Drift; at 68-83 (73.9)°; 11 loricse. Rhabdonella hebe (Cleve) Brandt. Plate 13, figs. 7-9, 11, 12 R. amor, Alzamora, 1929, p. 9, fig. 19. Lorica of moderate length, short -bowled, conical chalice-shaped; 4.1-5.1 (4.4) o.d. Oral rim very low, not over 0.04 o.d. in height, form- ing a low segment of a cone of 10°. Oral diameter 0.20-0.24 t.l. Cir- cumoral shelf wide, 0.14 o.d. in width, and diameter to outer margin of lip 1.25 o.d. Circumoral gutter shallow, angular, deepest against oral rim. Lip angled (35°), with rounded edge. Thickened suboral cone not over 0.25 o.d. in height, with outward contour forming a segment of an inverted cone of 35-40°. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.53-0.60 (0.56) and 0.47-0.40 (0.44) t.l. Bowl short, rotund conical (15-20° as a whole), 2.3-2.7 (2.5) o.d. in length, not clearly divisible into an upper and lower cone because of gradually rounded shoulder at transition. Upper cone 0.58-0.70 length of bowl, convex subconical, 5° increasing to 10°; lower cone more nearly conical, 25-40°, blending gradually into horn. Aboral horn 1.6-2.5 (1.9) o.d. in length, and with upper diameter 0.10-0.17 (0.14) its length, a tapering cone decreasing quickly from a concave cone of 15° above to 5° or less in most of its course, and with terminal 0.3 o.d. its length again tapering (15°) more rapidly. Tip truncate and minutely open. Section immediately above terminal taper always optically differentiated with thicker walls of a deeper tint and larger, thicker-walled prisms. This region corresponds to the knob of Rhabdonellopsis. Wall thin, very hyaline, and with very light canary-yellow tinge; thickest in shelf, decreasing abruptly below for greater part of bowl and horn, thickening again in " knob" ; trilaminate, with thin lamellae, enclosing a single layer of distinct prisms, increasing to 2-4, rarely 7-8, in shelf, 4-6 between ribs, and 75-80 across one face, largest above, maintaining uniformity in size to very rim, and decreas- ing but little posteriorly, with an incomplete row of larger prisms along base of each rib. Ribs 30-42 (34), nearly vertical on bowl, un- usually straight, equidistant, except near bifurcations, rarely with any terminal sinistral curvature on shelf, but with a slight (5-8°) dextral spiral on horn, especially in lower 0.5. In one deformed lorica with a 170 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology stumpy Cyttarocylis-like horn (Plate 13, fig. 8) the spiral region is crowded and more oblique (45°). Spiral course made out with diffi- culty, best seen on lower surface, hence the ease of reversal in drawing. Ribs bifurcate very freely, as might be expected with widely conical bowl, usually to left, ranging whole length of bowl, but more abundant in lower 0.5, with few suboral bifurcations. Anastomoses, interpola- tions, and fusions are rare. Fenestra? faint, thin-walled, flaring but little internally, broadly elliptical in outline, submedian in intercostal space, beginning 0.25 o.d. below rim, extending in reduced number, smaller size, and relatively shorter transdiameter on horn, 12-16 in each full-length intercostal space on bowl. Thin wall of bowl not deeply im- pressed around each fenestra as in quantula. Body attached near fundus of bowl and nearly filling it, with 2 large, broadly ellipsoidal macro- nuclei 12 by 16/x, and adjacent spheroidal micronuclei 6^ in diameter. Ten loricse: L., total, 205-262 (224.4) ; bowl, 123-138 (126.5); horn, 80-125 (97.8). D., oral, 47-53 (51.0); lip, 55-64 (60.9); midway, 19-29 (24.4) fi. At 6 stations, viz., at 5 and 1, respectively, in California and Peru- vian currents; at 69-83 (72.7)°; 141 loricse. Rhabdonella henseni (Brandt) Brandt. Plate 13, fig. 1 Lorica tall chalice-shaped, with flaring bowl and very long, stout horn; 3.69-5.75 o.d. Brandt's loricse (3.67-3.79 o.d.) are probably flattened. Oral rim very low, not over 0.03 o.d. in height, thin, everted, short segment of inverted cone of 30°. Oral diameter 0.16 (in Brandt's loricse 0.26-0.27) t.l. Circumoral shelf very narrow, not over 0.04 o.d. Circumoral gutter narrow, shallow, sloping inward to an angle against rim. Lip abruptly rounded, almost semicircular in section. Suboral thickening only 0.13 o.d. in height, not sloping inward. Bowl subcylin- drical (subcorneal [10°] in Brandt's lorica) in upper 0.65-0.70, subcorn- eal (35-40°) in lower 0.4-0.3, changing rather abruptly from upper to lower cone, its length 0.56-0.64 t.l. or 2.23-3.19 o.d. Horn 0.36-0.44 t.l., or 1.37-2.52 o.d., subcylindrical or narrowly conical above, taper- ing in distal 0.25 to a blunt aboral end, closed in Brandt's lorica, but open in ours, its diameter near middle 0.10-0.12 o.d. Wall thin, thickest in suboral ridge, thinning below, and thinnest in lower bowl, but thickening to thrice this in horn; trilaminate, with thin lamellse enclosing 1-3 layers of minute, fairly regular prisms, 100-110 across one face of bowl, somewhat larger in the lower horn. Ribs 36-48, in- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 171 creasing to 42, 48, or more, below suboral ridge, somewhat interrupted in Brandt's lorica?, but not in ours, and somewhat irregular, but not spiral, in their subvertical course on upper bowl and horn, anastomos- ing rather freely, not only by divarication but also by fusion, and not maintaining equidistant positions continuously; thin, hyaline, pris- matic, extending radially for a distance equal to thickness of wall, and decreasing aborally to low ridges on horn, heavier and more distinct in this species than in most species of Rhabdonella. Fenestra? circular to broadly elliptical, located in middle of intercostal space, with their long axes vertical, a few only found below lower cone, 13-19 in one intercostal space, not exceeding 0.05 o.d. in length of major axis. L., total, 354; bowl, 198; horn, 156. D., oral, 62; lip, 68; shoulder, 60; horn, 6/i. At Sta. 4675 in Peruvian Current; at 68°; 1 lorica. Rhabdonella indica Laackmann Plate 12, fig. 15 Lorica tall goblet-shaped, convex subconical; 1.86-2.16 (1.94) o.d.; consisting of bowl with abruptly spreading suboral lip and high oral rim. Suboral lip flaring 30° from vertical for 0.16 o.d. to its edge of 1.09-1.23 (1.15) o.d. Oral rim 0.1 o.d. in height, truncated seg- ment of cone (30°). Oral diameter 0.46-0.64 (0.50) t.l. Edge of suboral lip rounded, entire, upper surface sloping obliquely downward and inward, in a gutter obliquely semicircular in section. Bowl vaguely divisible into upper and lower parts, forming, respectively, 0.55-0.60 and 0.45-0.40 its length, with upper and lower truncated segments of inverted convex cones of 12-20° and 50-60°, respectively. Aboral end acute, closed, sometimes with minute tip. Wall uniform in thickness, except in suboral region, composed of a homogeneous, greenish yellow, hyaline substance, distinctly trilaminate only in sub- oral shelf; elsewhere two lamella? fused. Delicate, thin-walled, very faint prisms demonstrable only in thickened suboral region in 1-3 layers, 3 across one intercostal space, and 110-120 across one face. Ribs very faint, low, scarcely interrupting marginal contour, 36-42 (38), running from rim to aboral end, bifurcating rarely on upper bowl, deflected spirally 15° to left. No fenestra. Five loricse: L., total, 56-63 (59.6). D., oral, 26-34 (30.7); oral lip, 32-39 (35.2) M. At 15 stations, viz., at 1, 1, and 13, respectively, in Peruvian Cur- rent, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 71-81 (75.9)°; 32 loricee. 172 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Rhabdonella inflata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 14, figs. 4, 5 Lorica long-bowled, stout, convex conical chalice-shaped; 3.0-4.1 (3.5) o.d. Oral rim cylindrical, prominently protuberant, exceeding shelf by 0.5 its height which is 0.5 width of shelf, but in some loricre lip is more elevated, gutter deeper, and shelf and rim equal in height. Oral margin rounded, a direct fold of inner lamella. Oral diameter 0.27-0.33 (0.30) t.l. Suboral lip 0.06-0.10 o.d. in width, diameter at its edge 1.11-1.20 (1.17) o.d. Circumoral gutter shallow concave, or deeper, sloping inwardly in loricse with higher lip, with rounded rim, and lower surface flaring 20-40° from bowl and merging abruptly with it. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.65-0.72 (0.69) and 0.35-0.28 (0.31) t.l. Bowl 2.0-2.9 (2.4) o.d. in length, with convex contour and full lower bowl; with upper subcylindrical (1-7°) section forming 0.5 length of bowl and a lower convex conical (30-45°) contour. Transi- tion to horn abrupt. Aboral horn concave inverted segment of cone, 15-25° above, decreasing to 5° or even to cylinder below, but increasing again towards distal end to 10° for 0.25 o.d., upper diameter 0.16-0.25 its length. Tip truncate, with minute opening. Wall relatively thick, thinning gradually aborally from shelf in bowl, increasing in upper horn and decreasing in lower; trilaminate, with very thin lamellae en- closing 1 layer of prisms, increasing to 2-4 in shelf. Prisms faint, thin- walled, regular, uniform, 5-10 between ribs and 175 across one face, largest suborally and in lower horn. Ribs 42-60 (53), distinct, sub- vertical, sometimes with a slight sinistral spiral not over 5° on bowl, with traces of a right spiral on lowermost bowl and horn, and always with a suboral sinistral curve of 10-30°, sometimes even 70°, pervad- ing all ribs, or groups, or even single ribs, with a pervading irregularity of direction and course which interrupts the equidistant relationship of ribs, manifested in approximations, interpolations, coalescences, local distortions, imperfections, and bifurcations at all levels, espe- cially in suboral zone, where they are often feebly developed, on lower bowl, and occasionally on midbowl, extending to lower end of horn in crowded array and reduced number. Fenestra? 18-26 in number in one intercostal space on bowl, continued on horn in reduced numbers, laterally compressed, beginning at 0.1-0.3 o.d. below rim, extending to aboral tip, irregularly submedian, small, thin-walled, less distinct than in R. hebe, irregularly subcircular, with little inward flare in optical section, sometimes double or paired, 0.25-0.30 an intercostal space in diameter, and wall not externally impressed around them. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 173 Body filling 0.75 of diameter of bowl, and extending from its fundus nearly to rim. Ten loricje: L., total, 124-204 (167.9); bowl, 80-144 (116.2); horn, 37-68 (51.7). D., oral, 40-55 (47.8); lip, 47-66 (55.9) ; midway, 25-39 (33.2) M. Lorica3 are shorter (124-200 [154]^) in the warmer northern waters at 71-84 (78.3)° than in the southern (134-204 [177]M) at 66-75 (69.3)°. Of the northern loricse those at Sta. 4571 (71°) are most like those of the South. At stations along the Central American coast (4607-4615) lorica? are not only smaller but are more tapering below, viz., 30-37°, as compared with 35-55° in southern waters. These structural differences appear to be correlated with differences in temperature operating on size and proportions of the species within its range. At warmer stations the loricse are smaller and have less material in them than at colder ones. At 23 stations, viz., at 1, 3, 14, 4, and 1, respectively, in California, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 66-84 (72.1)°; 197 loricse. Rhabdonella lohmanni Kofoid and Campbell Plate 14, figs. 6, 9 Lorica tall, very stout, vase-shaped, with little oral flare, long bowl and stout horn; 4.57-5.76 (5.43) o.d. Oral rim minute, 0.02 o.d. in height, triangular in section, with oblique inner and outer slopes with rounded upper angle (10°), completely exposed above shelf. Oral diameter 0.18-0.22 (0.19) t.l. Circumoral shelf faintly developed, hidden in expanded fin-like ribs, which creep up on to its very top and are suddenly widened below it so as to fill out the subcylindrical con- tour completely, 0.036-0.08 (0.06) o.d. in width, and diameter to outer margin of lip 1.07-1.15 (1.12) o.d. Circumoral gutter reduced to a slight inward inclination of the almost flat shelf. Lip not protruding, angled (80°), with rounded edge. Suboral thickening diminishing gradually from angle for 0.2 o.d., its contour included within a short segment of an inverted concave cone of 20°. Bowl cylindrical, or slightly tapering (5°), in its upper 0.7, the lower cone (30-35°) 0.3 length of bowl; transition from upper to lower cone and from this to horn somewhat gradual, though occasionally abrupt as in henseni. Aboral horn stout, 1.71-2.06 (1.87) o.d. and 0.33-0.38 (0.35) t.l., with diameter near middle 0.13-0.19 (0.16) o.d., subcorneal (10°), often slightly asymmetrical, tapering unevenly throughout, but more 174 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology rapidly (20°) in distal 0.25, with a slight enlargement in central canal at about level of "knob" region. Tip blunt, closed. Wall thin below suboral lip, thinning gradually in lower bowl, thickening again in horn; trilaminate, with thin lamellae enclosing 1-3 layers of fine prisms of fairly uniform size, 150-200 across one face, increasing in size in lower end of horn with 8 across one face in thick, yellowish wall, elsewhere hyaline, with only a slight tint. Ribs 30-48 (39) across one face on upper bowl, increasing to 54 immediately below suboral lip, and de- creasing to 12-15 at top of horn, running an obliquely longitudinal course, turning to the right 15-25° on lower part of cylindrical section of bowl, and gradually decreasing in slope orally to vertical in upper 0.2 of bowl, deflection continuing in a few loricse up to suboral ridge, tending to branch near upper end, and to turn sharply to left im- mediately below top of bowl, the right spiral course of ribs in this species reaching extreme degree of divergence from the left spiral course in spiralis and other species, the short turn to the left in the suboral region being the only trace of the direction generally dominant elsewhere in the genus. Ribs not equidistant, frequently branching and anastomosing, with secondary anastomoses of faint, more oblique riblets connecting adjacent ribs, not much elevated except just below lip, being merely low structural folds of the surface lamellae, hyaline, prismatic, in places ragged or nodular, and locally sinuous, especially near upper ends. Fenestra? very small, about half the size of those of henseni, circular, appearing on high focus to be encircled by an opaque, whitish zone, and on deeper focus to enlarge to a zoneless circle, due to the fact that they have the form of a truncate cone with outer diameter 0.5 of inner. Fenestras 6-12 in full length of an intercostal space, usu- ally near its midline, mainly on bowl, but with a few straying down upon horn, varying in size, not exceeding 0.04 o.d. and usually much smaller. Ten loricae: L., total 317-377 (341.4); bowl, 200-250 (223.6); horn, 110-130 (117.8). D., oral, 58-68 (62.9); lip, 64-77 (70.3); shoulder, 52-63 (57.8); horn, 8-12 (10.0) /x. At 4 stations, viz., at 1 and 3, respectively, in Peruvian Current and adjacent Drift; at 68-69 (68.2)°; 10 loricse. Rhabdonella poculum (Ostenfeld and Schmidt) Brandt Plate 12, fig. 11 Lorica very short, very stout goblet-shaped, with a relatively wide bowl and short horn; 1.83-2.11 (1.97) o.d. Less abruptly divided into KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 175 bowl and horn in our material than in Ostenfeld and Schmidt's figure (1901, fig. 27). Oral rim no higher than lip, an outwardly inclined ex- tension of thickened inner lamella, forming truncated segment of cone of 30°. Oral diameter 0.51-0.62 (0.61) t.l. Circumoral shelf 0.10-0.12 o.d. in width, its diameter to margin of broadly rounded lip 1.10-1.27 (1.21) o.d. Suboral thickening flaring outwardly in an inverted cone of 22°, extending posteriorly for 0.15 o.d. Bowl 1.61-1.75 (1.64) o.d. in length, forming 0.77-0.90 (0.82) t.l., contracting near its distal 0.25 in abrupt shoulder delimiting upper and lower sections. Relative lengths of upper and lower bowls, respectively, 0.60-0.65 and 0.40-0.35 length of bowl, with angles of cone 10-15° and 70-75°. In Ostenfeld and Schmidt's figure (1901) the lower cone is 120°. Transition from lower bowl to horn very gradual. Aboral horn concave conical (30- 40°). Tip acute or blunt, closed, length 0.10-0.23 (0.18) t.l., or 0.17- 0.39 (0.29) o.d. Wall uniform in thickness throughout most of bowl, increasing to 0.10 in suboral rim, composed of heavy inner and outer lamellae enclosing 1-2 layers of fine, regular, nearly uniform prisms, 4-5 across an intercostal space in upper bowl, and 90-110 across one face, with 3 layers in rim and larger and thicker-walled in horn, with yellow- ish tint, less clearly hyaline than in most species of the amor group. Ribs 42-54 (45.4), slightly spiral, passing orally to left, more abruptly on lower cone (30°), and immediately below rim (45°), on whose edge they fade out, producing a slight undulation, bifurcating occasionally on lower bowl and below rim, sometimes anastomosing, quite regular in their course, and uniformly spaced. Fenestra?, not noted by Osten- feld and Schmidt, very small, and very faint by reason of thinness of their walls, very numerous, 40-50 in an intercostal space, not in a linear arrangement but scattered irregularly from below suboral rim almost to lower end of horn. Body attached by a slender stalk running to bottom of horn. Ten lorica: L., total, 73-80 (75.8); bowl, 59-70 (62.5); horn, 8-17 (13.3). D., oral, 37-40 (38); lip, 44-49 (46.1) m- At 24 stations, viz., at 2, 6, 3, 8, 2, and 3, respectively, in California, Mexican, and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 69-84 (77.2)°; 178 lorica?. Rhabdonella quantula Kofoid and Campbell Plate 13, figs. 2, 3 Lorica short, tapering, narrow chalice-shaped; 3.4-4.2 (3.7) o.d. Oral rim slightly emergent, projecting not over 0.03 o.d., an erect, low 176 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology cylinder formed by projection of inner lamella. Circumoral gutter very shallow. Suboral shelf 0.10-0.12 o.d. in width, with diameter to its edge 1.19-1.25 (1.21) o.d. Lip with rounded angle, scarcely pro- jecting, with rim showing undulations due to overlap of ribs, with outer surface merging so gradually with slope of bowl as to show little flare. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.56-0.65 (0.60) and 0.44-0.35 (0.40) t.l. Bowl rotund conical, with transition from upper to lower cone lost in convexity. Upper section 0.4-0.6 of length of bowl, an in- verted segment of cone (5-13°), increasing to 35-50° in lower cone. Transition from bowl to horn gradual and not always symmetrical. Aboral horn 1.3-1.8 (1.5) o.d. in length, very slender, forming a con- cave, tapering, inverted cone decreasing from 25° above to 5°, or even to a cylindrical form distally, its upper diameter 0.12-0.16 its length, and lower 0.05 or less. Aboral tip truncate, minutely open, or closed. Wall thinning below shelf, decreasing gradually on lower bowl, and in lower horn, almost occluding lumen, trilaminate with unusually heavy lamella? enclosing a single layer of distinct, regular, uniform prisms, increasing to 2-3 in shelf, 3-8 (5) across one intercostal space and 120 across one face, becoming very indistinct in horn, where the two thick lamella? are almost fused, obliterating the prismatic structure, hyaline, dense, with a trace of yellowish tint. Ribs 36-54 (44), sub vertical, or sinistral in direction up to 15° and, in some ribs and loricse as a whole, showing a suboral sinistral deflection up to 20°, equidistant and regular in their course, with few bifurcations in suboral zone and more on lowermost part of lower cone, with frequent anastomoses to left, numerous interpolations, and occasional approximations and fusions. Fenestra? distinct, circular above, becoming elliptical on horn, flaring inwardly, with inner diameter not over 0.2 intercostal space, submed- ian in single row and 5-12 in each space on bowl, and in smaller num- bers and obscure on horn, beginning 0.3-0.4 o.d. below rim and sub- equally distributed among intercostal spaces. Body attached laterally near bottom of bowl, filling about 0.4 of lumen, with 20 membranelles, 2 macronuclei of broadly ellipsoidal form, 10 by 15/x, each with spheroidal micronucleus 5ju in diameter adjacent to it. Ten lorica?: L., total, 138-172 (151.6); bowl, 83-104 (91.4); horn, 51-68 (60.2). D., oral, 37-44 (40.6); lip, 46-53 (49.1); midway, 17-25 (21.8) M. At 38 stations, viz., at 3, 13, 3, 2, 1, 13, 1, and 2, respectively, in California, Mexican, South Equatorial, Equatorial Counter, and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 69-85 (79.6)°; 781 loricse. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 177 Rhabdonella spiralis (Fol) Brandt emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 15, fig. 6 Non Rhabdonella elegans Jorgensen, 1924, fig. 67 (see R. elegans). R. striata, partirn, K. and C, 1929, p. 219 (all of Brandt's Ptychocylis [Rhab- donella] spiralis var. c. indopacifica, including his pi. 52, fig. 1, goes to R. spiralis). Loriea tall, conical to subcylindrical chalice-shaped, with subequal bowl and horn; 5.1-6.1 (5.6) o.d. Oral rim not over 0.015 o.d. in height, not equaling height of lip or projecting but slightly above it. Oral margin thickened, rounded. Oral diameter 0.15-0.20 t.l. Circumoral shelf 0.1 o.d. in width, diameter to margin of lip 1.2 o.d. Circumoral gutter very shallow, slightly concave, sloping gently to base of oral rim. Lip bluntly angled (70-80°), protruding but little. Suboral thickening slight, gradually fading out within 0.25-0.30 o.d. below lip, forming an inverted cone of 15-30°. Bowl and horn quite well differ- entiated, respectively, 0.50-0.61 (0.55) and 0.50-0.39 (0.45) t.l. Bowl readily divisible into upper and lower cones; upper 0.60-0.65 length of bowl, with angle of 8-10°, with almost straight sides, except in suboral region; lower 0.35-0.40 length of bowl, with more convex contour, and wider angle (26-30°). Transition into horn gradual. Aboral horn elongate conical, 9-10°, measured from tip to top, with angle increasing from 3-4° in lower 0.6-0.8 to 15° in upper part, 2.0- 2.9 (2.5) o.d. in length, and upper diameter 0.1-0.2 its length. Aboral tip truncate, open, and pierced by slender central canal. Brandt (1907) and Laackmann (1909) find the tip closed. Wall thin, hyaline, color- less to tinged with yellowish olive color; thickest in shelf, thinning on lower bowl, and in horn, thickening slightly again at tip; trilaminate, with heavy lamella? enclosing a single layer of subregular, subuniform, faint prisms, increasing to 2-3 in shelf, diminishing in size aborally, 6 between ribs and 100 across one face on upper bowl. Ribs 36-60 (47.2), distinct, especially on bowl, extending from crenulated edge of shelf, running well down on horn where they are difficult to follow, often bifurcating on suboral flare with few anastomoses and coalescences on lower bowl, nearly equidistant, but crowded together on upper horn, subvertical in upper bowl but forming an ascending left spiral not ex- ceeding 18° on lower, with considerable range of obliquity in different loricre, little if any sinistral curvature at shelf, as in many forms of amor. Fenestra? distinct, thick-walled, 10-14 in an intercostal space on bowl, extending from below suboral thickening to upper horn, circular 178 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology to elliptical in outline, varying from 0.2 to 0.4 of an intercostal space in diameter even at same level, irregularly distributed, and smaller on horn, with wall depressed about each. Animal filling the bowl fully in its lower cone, with 20 membranelles, and 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei 9 by 14 fx. Ten loricee: L., total, 272-365 (308.3); bowl, 150-211 (170.7); horn, 117-166 (137.6). D., oral, 50-60 (55.4); lip, 58-68 (64.1); midway, 14-38 (25.3) ;u. In the first of Fol's papers the length is given as 400 p., while later (1884) it is said to be 312/x. The average length of 3 loricre from 67-75° is 333 p., while 7 from 76-83° average 298 m- At 34 stations, viz., at 3, 6, 8, 3, 6, and 8, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 66-84 (76.7)°; 210 loricse. Rhabdonella striata (Biedermann) Brandt emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 13, fig. 10 R. striata, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 219, fig. 411 (for Plychocylis spiralis var. c indopacifica Brandt, partim, 1906, p. 26, pi. 52, fig. 1, see R. spiralis). Lorica moderately short conical chalice-shaped, with tapering bowl and very long horn; 3.3-4.6 (4.1) o.d. Oral rim erect or flaring 10°, very slightly if at all emergent, not over 0.025 o.d. in height. Oral margin thickened with rounded edge. Oral diameter 0.22-0.30 (0.24) t.l. Circumoral gutter wide, shallow, concave, 0.10-0.14 o.d. in width, and 1.15-1.27 (1.19) o.d. to outer margin of lip. Lip slightly undulating, angular (50°), with a rounded margin, only slightly pro- tuberant, its outer contour within an inverted cone of 35^0°. Sub- oral thickening feebly delimited, not over 0.14 o.d. in height. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.56-0.66 (0.61) and 0.44-0.54 (0.49) t.l. Bowl 2.2-2.8 (2.5) o.d. in length, not readily divisible into upper and lower sections because of gradual slope or widely extended convexity of sides. Shoulder, when present, located from 0.4 to 0.7 length of bowl from rim. Angle of upper cone 10°, increasing to 25-35° in lower. Lateral outline convex throughout, but greater in lower cone. Aboral horn 1.2-2.0 (1.6) o.d. in length, with upper diameter 0.16-0.25 length, a concave, tapering cone decreasing from 15° above to 5°, or almost a cylinder, below, with distal increase for (0.1 o.d.) to 10-15°. Tip truncate, open. Wall thick, decreasing below shelf in upper and lower bowl, thickening in lower horn; trilaminate, with very heavy lamellae which are themselves faintly prismatic with thick-walled KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 179 prisms, enclosing one layer of subregular, subuniform, distinct prisms increasing to 2-3 in shelf, largest in shelf, 5-12 (8) between ribs and 125 across one face, decreasing aborally in size and increasing again in lower horn in a fashion suggestive of knob of hebe. In lower horn inner lamella very thin. Ribs 24-54 (35), vertical or at most with not over 5° sinistral torsion on bowl, sometimes individually or around whole lorica with abrupt, sinistral curve of 45° on lower slope of shelf, bifur- cating freely on suboral region and lowermost bowl to right or left. Many loricse with a characteristic wavering in direction, not sinuous or regular, which locally disturbs the relations of equidistance so characteristic of ribs of conica and hebe. Frequent confluence, anas- tomosis, and approximation. Fenestra? remarkably distinct, irregu- larly subcircular in outline, flaring internally, 0.25-0.40 of an inter- costal space in diameter, 4-9 (6) between ribs on bowl, submedian, beginning rather near (0.2 o.d.) rim, and extending to tip of horn in reduced size. Body smaller in proportion to bowl, than in other short species, with 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei 12 by 16/x, and 20 membranelles. Ten loricse: L., total, 171-239 (200.5); bowl, 107-135 (122.7); horn, 63-104 (77.8). D., oral, 43-53 (48.9); lip, 53-64 (58.3); midway, 23-31 (25.9) a. Described by Biedermann (1893) as Tintinnus striatus and later referred by Brandt (1906) to Ptychocylis, and still later (1907) waver- ingly by him to Rhabdonella, and then reduced to a mere form of R. spiralis. It is not to be confused with Bursaopsis striata quoted by Entz, Jr. (1909b) as Tintinnus striatus, nor with the Cyttarocylis striata of Cleve (1901a), which we (1929) renamed Protorhabdonella striatum. It is evident on comparison of Brandt's figures (1906) with Bieder- mann's (1893) rather generalized original figure that there is much uncertainty as to the specific identity of the two. However, since Biedermann's material was in Brandt's hands, and his investigation under Brandt's direction, we accept Brandt's description and figures as emendatory to those of his pupil. The greatest differences lie in the configuration of the suboral shelf as shown in Biedermann's (1893) detailed figure (13b). This is more flaring than in typical R. striata as we find it, and as Brandt incompletely figures it. However, his first figure (13a) is so generalized that it might as well be placed in R. striata as anywhere. At 23 stations, viz., at 4, 3, 5, 6, and 5, respectively, in California, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 67-85 (75.5)°; 190 loricse. 180 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Rhabdonella torta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 13, figs. 4-6 Loriea long-bowled, tapering chalice-shaped, or stout gimlet-shaped; 3.98-4.22 (4.10) o.d. Suboral flare very slight, due to gradual merging of suboral shelf with bowl and its slight thickening. Oral rim scarcely emergent, thickened somewhat, slightly everted. Oral diameter 0.25 t.l. Circumoral gutter angled, shallow, with inward slope of shelf. Lip with bluntly rounded projecting angle, with undulating edge due to overlapping ribs. Shelf 0.08 o.d. in width, and diameter to margin of lip 1.17 o.d. Suboral thickening flaring in a segment of an inverted cone (25°) . Bowl not distinctly pedicellate, as in valdestriata, concavity in lower part so slight as to make separation of bowl and horn arbi- trary, abrupt change in torsion of ribs indicating transition here, as in poculum. Bowl 2.87-3.15 o.d. in length, roughly divisible into an upper section 2.0 o.d. in length, inverted segment of cone of 5-6°, and lower, 1.0 o.d. in length with angle of 28-34°. Transition from lower cone to horn gradual, with decrease from 28-34° to 15-20°. Lateral outlines of lower bowl and horn together slightly concave. Aboral horn 1.07- 1.15 o.d. in length, upper diameter 0.35-0.40 length, forming a slightly concave inverted cone of 15-20°. Tip minutely truncate and obscurely open. Wall heavy, dense, with an olive-yellow tint; fairly uniform in thickness throughout, thickening in suboral shelf, and locally thickened in the horn; trilaminate, with heavy lamellae, depressed around fenes- tras, giving an undulating, irregular appearance to its optical section, including a single layer of prisms, increasing to 3 in suboral region, 2-6 across an intercostal space, and 100-115 across one face. Ribs very evident, rather heavy, somewhat crowded, equidistant as a whole, but subject to many minor irregularities, such as sinuosities, approxi- mation, bifurcation and reunion, coalescence, interpolation, and num- erous feeble anastomoses in either direction; their course unique and characteristic, extending from aboral end, where their number is much reduced, to upper surface of suboral shelf, pursuing a right spiral course instead of the customary one to left, except immediately below shelf, where they turn left 30-35°. The right spiral starts in lower horn at 5°, increases at its upper end to 35°, and continues at 5° on most of bowl. In this matter of direction of ribs it resembles lohmanni. Ribs 54-60, counting uppermost bifurcations. Fenestra? large, circular, 2-3 (jl in diameter, with thick walls, 4-8 in each intercostal space near its middle, not on thick-walled suboral region, but continuing in reduced size well down on aboral horn. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TIXTINNOIXEA 181 Two loricfe: L., total, 210-228; bowl, 150-170; horn, 58-60. D., oral, 53-54; lip, 62-64 M. At 2 stations, viz., at 1 each in California Current and Drift; at 75-83°; 2 loricae. Rhabdonella valdestriata Brandt Plate 13, fig. 13 Lorica slender conical, or tall tapering chalice-shaped; 4.02-4.89 (4.47) o.d. Oral rim very low, 0.03 o.d. in height, erect, scarcely higher than suboral shelf. Oral diameter 0.20-0.25 (0.22) t.l. Circumoral shelf very narrow, not over 0.1 o.d. in width, diameter to outer margin of lip 1.13 o.d. Circumoral gutter scarcely deepened below level of shelf. Lip slightly flaring, rim angled and edge rounded. Suboral thickening with a height of 0.25 o.d., its outer contour included within a cone of 35°. Bowl and horn, respectively, 0.65-0.73 (0.68) and 0.35- 0.27 (0.32) t.l. Bowl 2.60-3.23 (3.03) o.d. in length, divisible into an upper subconical section, 0.60-0.65 length of bowl and angle 8-12°, with almost straight sides, and a lower, more convex conical section, 0.40-0.45 length of bowl, with angle of 27-30°. Transition between two cones gradual, but less so than that of lower cone to horn. Aboral horn tapering cone 1.20-1.66 (1.44) o.d. in length, with an angle of 8-10°, and upper diameter 0.18-0.23 its length. Tip blunt, closed. Wall dense and thick, with faint yellowish-brown tinge, subuniform in thickness, increasing in suboral shelf, and not increasing locally in horn, irregular in optical section because of depressions about fenestras, trilaminate, with heavy, prismatic {fide Brandt, 1907) lamellae enclos- ing 2 layers of uniform, regular prisms, increasing to 3-4 in suboral region. Prisms somewhat larger in suboral region and horn, with single layer in latter, 5-12 in intercostal space and 200-250 across one face. Ribs 36-54 (45), very low, stout, well defined, somewhat sinuous with minor irregularities, subequally spaced, bifurcating on lower cone and in uppermost part of bowl, branching to either side, and in a few cases anastomosing to right, with rare interpolations. Their course subvertical with little sinistral deflection in suboral region, extending from lower horn to undulating edge of shelf. Fenestra? large, well de- fined, and relatively few, 7-10 (5-16) in one intercostal space, decreas- ing in number and size on horn, and not invading suboral zone, circular or broadly elliptical, with long axis vertical, 0.25-0.50 of an intercostal space in diameter, with heavy walls. Body large, almost filling bowl, with 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei, 10 by 16/z, and 2 small adjacent micro- nuclei. 182 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Seven loricse: L., total, 213-238 (228.1) ; bowl, 138-166 (154.6) ; horn, 60-80 (73.6). D., oral, 47-56 (51.1); lip, 55-64 (59.6) fi. At 5 stations, viz., at 3, 1, and 1, respectively, in California Current, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 69-83 (75)°; 15 loricse. 23. RHABDONELLOPSIS Kofoid and Campbell Rhabdonellidse with elongated, chalice-shaped lorica with long, slender pedicel, small knob, and lance; circumoral shelf flattened, gutter with longer outer slope and steeper inner one between inner and outer lamellae; bowl inverted subconical with long upper and very short lower cone; aboral horn 2-4 o.d. in length, made up of very long pedicel, knob, and lance; wall with 10-20 vertical, simple, or branched, or, sometimes, anastomosed ribs; fenestra? few to many or rarely none in each intercostal space; lamellse well developed, with primary struc- ture and a coarser secondary prismatic layer in intermediate region; marine, eupelagic in temperate and tropical seas. Type species Rhab- donellopsis apophysata (Cleve) K. and C. from Atlantic, widely dis- tributed, and the oldest species in genus. Established by Kofoid and Campbell (1929), who assigned to it 6 species hitherto belonging to Cyttarocylis and Rhabdonella. The old- est species is Cleve's (1901d) Cyttarocylis hebe var. apophysata, which Brandt called Ptychocylis (Rhabdonella) apophysata var. b, and which Jorgensen included with our Rhabdonellopsis triton, Rdps. composita, and Rdps. minima as one species. We included, also, Brandt's Pty- chocylis (Rhabdonella) apophysata var. a composita as Rdps. composita; and also, as Rdps. minima, Ostenfeld and Schmidt's (1901) Cyttarocylis hebe which Brandt called Ptychocylis (Rhabdonella) spiralis var. a hebe in part, and which Jorgensen (1924) included in his Rhabdonella apophysata. We also included Cyttarocylis triton Zacharias (1906) as Rdps. triton (Zach.), a species which Brandt (1906) included in his Ptychocylis (Rhabdonella) apophysata, Laackmann (1913) in his Rhabdonella spiralis, and Jorgensen (1924) in his R. apophysata. To these species we added two new ones, Rdps. intermedia and Rdps. longicaulis, from Expedition material. Includes 7 species of which 5 are present in Expedition material. Of these 7 species 3 were described as new (K. and C, 1929) from Ex- pedition material, and one, Rdps. constricta spec, nov., is added in this report. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 183 Rhabdonellopsis constricta spec. nov. Plate 15, fig. 2 Rdps. minima, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 222, fig. 423 (non p. 224; see Rdps. minima). Lorica very tall chalice-shaped, with very short conical bowl, long pedicel, high lip, and unique suboral constriction; 4.5 o.d. Bowl, pedi- cel, and lance, respectively, 0.51, 0.34, and 0.15 t.l. Oral rim lower than lip, inner lamella not protruding above acute angle forming inner side of gutter. Oral diameter 0.22 t.l. Circumoral shelf narrow, with width and diameter to margin of lip, respectively, 0.05 and 1.10 o.d. Gutter unique, a narrow concave channel less than 0.5 width of shelf, crowded against oral rim. Lip unusual, rising twice depth of gutter above level of oral rim, an angular (60°) lobe in section with broadly rounded, somewhat irregularly sinuous edge and almost vertical outer face. Suboral thickening 0.25 o.d. in height, decreasing abruptly within half this distance below rim, tapering gradually through and somewhat be- low suboral constriction into normal wall. Suboral contour contained within an inverted cone of 22°, bowl flaring below suboral constriction for 0.19 o.d. in a cone of 10°. Diameter in constriction 1.05 o.d. Bowl distinctly conical, much wider than in other species, at shoulder an inverted cone of 16°, changing gradually to 30° and then to 15°, with resulting lateral concavity, 0.51 t.l. measured to level of 2.35 o.d. below rim where slope changes; maximum diameter (1.1 o.d.) at shoulder below suboral constriction. Transition to horn gradual. Pedicel to upper limit of knob 1.1 o.d. in length, an inverted cone of 4°. Knob 0.36 o.d. in length, unequally fusiform in shape, its upper and lower segments asymmetrical cones of 30°, with a diameter 0.12 o.d. Lance 0.5 o.d. in length, an inverted, asymmetrical cone of 5°, with open truncated tip, and slight flare in central canal. Wall relatively thin, increasing in shelf and knob, trilaminate, with thin equal inner and outer lamellae enclosing a single layer of regular prisms, 110 across widest part of bowl and 12-15 in an intercostal space, increasing in number from 2 to 6 in suboral thickening, but decreasing in size pro- gressively towards rim, larger in knob, 9 across one face. Ribs 22, leiotropic (20°) in upper bowl, without suboral increase or obliquity, increasing to 30° on lower bowl, becoming subvertical on pedicel, widening into fins in suboral constriction, very faint, with few bifurca- tions on upper bowl. Fenestra? sparsely distributed, mainly on bowl and knob, with few on pedicel, subcircular in shape, uneven in diameter, 10 in one intercostal space, median in location in intercostal zone. A 184 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology cluster of 3 in wall of knob with double contour resembling that of minute coccoliths. L., total, 270; bowl, 138; pedicel, 76; knob, 20; lance, 36. D., oral, 52; lip, 58; knob, 8ju. At Sta. 4712 and 4731 in Drift; at 74-79.5 (76.7)°; 3 loricse. Rhabdonellopsis intermedia Kofoid and Campbell Plate 16, fig.l; Plate 17, figs. 5, 6, 8, 10 Lorica relatively short chalice-shaped, with bowl about equaling horn; 4.72-6.08 (5.34) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 0.47-0.55 (0.51), 0.47-0.33 (0.41), and 0.04-0.12 (0.08) t.l. Oral rim thin, projecting above outer lip 0.04 o.d. and flaring 10-15° outwardly. Oral diameter 0.16-0.21 (0.19) t.l. Circumoral shelf slightly concave above, deepest near oral rim, its width and diameter to margin of lip, respectively, 0.13-0.16 and 1.15-1.30 (1.23) o.d. Lip angular (40°) in section, its lower surface convex, and its contour included in an in- verted cone of 90°. Bowl 2.33-3.25 (2.72) o.d. in length, not sharply divisible into upper and lower cones approximately 0.74-0.78 and 0.26-0.22 of length of bowl with angles of 8-15° and 25-35°, respec- tively, gradually passing aborally into aboral horn. Pedicel tapering, conical, length and minimum diameter located just above knob, respectively, 1.77-2.86 (2.20) and 0.12-0.15 o.d., flaring distally into small knob, 0.17-0.30 (0.22) o.d. in diameter, varying from slight fusiform enlargement (Plate 17, fig. 9) to broad cone (Plate 17, figs. 5, 8) with rounded or angular skirt, and 6-8 spiral (40-50°) ribs across one face ascending to left. Lance 0.21-0.70 (0.47) o.d. in length, taper- ing above, cylindrical below, with a very slight distal flare at open tip, or cylindrical throughout, or with basal diameter twice distal (0.16 o.d.). Central canal of uniform calibre. Wall nearly uniform except for thickening in suboral band and knob, with distinct yellowish brown color. Lamella? equally thick, except for increase in inner one in suboral thickening, enclosing single layer of distinct, large, subuniform, rounded prisms, 5-6 across each intercostal space and 50-55 across one face on uppermost part of bowl, with no marked decrease in size in suboral ring, where there are 2-4 layers, larger and thicker-walled in knob, where there are 7-10 across one face. Ribs 16-25 (23.5), subvertical, leiotropic (20°), turned sharply to left and fading out below suboral shelf, equidistant, with frequent sinuosities and occasional bifurcations on lower cone and within 1 o.d. of rim or just below it, continuing on pedicel in re- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 185 duced number (6-8), forming spiral ridges on knob. Fenestra3 circular, about same size as larger prisms, with enclosing ring of lamellar sub- stance with thickness less than diameter of opening, 8-15 (12) in one intercostal space, scattered irregularly but tending to be median be- low, rarely found on horn. Ten loricse: L., total, 222-298 (257.2); bowl, 114-143 (129.9); pedicel, 83-140 (105.0); lance, 10-32 (22.3). D., oral, 44^9 (47.8); lip, 55-62 (58.9); knob, 7-14 (10.5) fx. At 10 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 2, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 69-83 (75.1)°; 116 loricse. Rhabdonellopsis longicaulis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 16, figs. 4, 5, 7-9, 11-13; Plate 17, fig. 3 Lorica very elongate chalice-shaped, with slender, conical bowl and long, stout pedicel; 7.00-8.66 (7.70) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 0.36-0.46 (0.43), 0.60-0.48 (0.52), and 0.04-0.07 (0.05) t.l. Oral rim very low, not over 0.03 o.d. in height, slightly flaring and somewhat thickened. Oral diameter 0.12-0.14 (0.13) t.l. Circumoral shelf with width of 0.12-0.15 o.d., and diameter to margin of lip of 1.13-1.27 (1.23) o.d. Circumoral gutter oblique in section, sloping in a shallow, concave depression to oral rim. Lip with same range in form as in triton, from one distinctly projecting to one with lower sur- face sloping more gradually into bowl; its margin angled (38°), with rounded edge, concave below. Suboral thickened region contained within an inverted cone of 90°. Bowl in many lorica3 not separable into an upper and lower cone, because of gradual transition, but when definable, respectively, 0.6-0.7 and 0.4-0.3 length of bowl, with angles of 7-10° and 17-25°. Shoulder more evident in lorica? with less pro- jecting suboral lip. Bowl 3.08-3.94 (3.34) o.d. in length, shorter than pedicel, with abrupt transition into aboral horn. Pedicel long, cylin- drical, or stout subcorneal (5°), with length and diameter, respectively, 3.39-4.67 (3.58) and 0.09-0.11 o.d., longer than bowl, expanding into stout, heavy, dense knob, a truncate cone (20-25°), sometimes with rounded edges, but more often abruptly and squarely truncate, with ascending leiotropic (45-60°) spiral ribs on surface, forming pro- jecting angles on its overhanging skirt, 0.20-0.43 (0.34) o.d. in di- ameter. Lancea slightly tapering, narrow cone, not over 5°, 0.31-0.51 (0.41) o.d. in length with basal diameter 0.3 that of knob, with slender axial canal running to truncate open tip. Wall hyaline, thickest in 186 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology suboral ring, decreasing gradually down bowl, thinning on pedicel and lance, thickening in knob, trilaminate, with equal lamella; enclosing single layer of irregular and uneven prisms, with 2-3 in suboral ring and 2-5 in knob. Prisms smaller and denser at edge of suboral shelf, largest immediately below, smallest and most obscure in pedicel and lance, denser, and yellowish in knob, 5-8 between ribs in one inter- costal space, and 65-100 across one face. Ribs less evident than in other species, sometimes scarcely visible in upper bifurcations and on pedicel and knob, 16-32 (21.3), bifurcating immediately below suboral shelf or in uppermost oral diameter of length, anastomosing rarely, subvertical, or leiotropic, not over 20°. Fenestra? minute, difficult to detect, circular or elliptical in outline, and often smaller than prisms, few in number, 4-8 in whole length of one intercostal space, irregularly distributed, tending to be median in lower bowl. Ten loricse: L., total, 350-468 (390.7); bowl, 147-213 (168.8); pedicel, 173-243 (201.1); lance, 15-25 (20.6). D., oral, 47-55 (50.5); lip, 57-70 (62.2); knob, 12-20 (17.1) m- In view of the minuteness of the fenestra? in this species, the Atlantic forms, reported by Brandt (1907) as devoid of these structures, should be reexamined. Our Pacific form differs from Atlantic forms in pres- ence of fenestra*, and longer pedicel (3.39-4.67 o.d., as compared with 2.25-2.65). At 28 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 1, and 24, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 67-81 (75.1)°; 147 loricse. Rhabdonellopsis minima Kofoid and Campbell Plate 14, figs. 1, 3, 5; Plate 15, figs. 1, 7-9, 11-15 Rdps. minima, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 224 (non fig. 423; see Rdps. con- stricta sp. nov.). Lorica short chalice-shaped, with stout bowl, short pedicel, and fusi- form knob; 2.95-4.85 (4.25) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 0.55-0.69 (0.60), 0.40-0.28 (0.34), and 0.03-0.09 (0.06) t.l. Oral rim less than 0.03 o.d. in height, erect or slightly incurved. Oral diameter 0.21-0.34 (0.24) t.l. Circumoral shelf with width 0.14-0.20 o.d. and diameter to margin of lip 1.20-1.28 (1.22) o.d. Circumoral gutter shallow, concave, deepened next to rim. Lip angled (70°), sharp or slightly rounded at its entire or sinuous edge, with convex under sur- face, its contour contained within an inverted cone of 55-60°, thickened KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 187 suboral zone not over 0.3 o.d. in height. Bowl much longer (2.08-2.82 [2.53] o.d.) than pedicel, broadly tapering subconical (15-22°), with slight shoulder dividing it into upper and lower cones, 0.6-0.7 and 0.4-0.3 length of bowl and with angles of 10-18° and 30^2°, respec- tively. Transition into pedicel gradual. Pedicel concave subconical (10°), cylindrical in lower part, 0.08-0.10 o.d. in length, with least diameter 1.17-1.83 (1.46) o.d. Knob fusiform, evident because of density and color, 0.0S-0.11 (0.10) o.d. in diameter, only a little greater than that of pedicel above it, with slight expansion in central canal. Lance short, stout, tapering (8°), 0.13-0.36 (0.27) o.d. in length, with a truncate, flaring, open tip. Wall thick, uniform on bowl, thinning in pedicel, but thickening in circumoral shelf, and in knob; trilaminate, with thin lamella? enclosing 2 layers of minute, subregular, fairly uni- form, very hyaline prisms in bowl, 10 across one intercostal space and 70-90 across one face, smaller in rim of circumoral shelf, increasing to 3-5 layers, and becoming larger, thick-walled, and yellowish in knob, forming there only a single layer, 8 across one face. Ribs 11-31 (20.9) in 25 loricre, subvertical to leiotropic (10-15°), extending from cir- cumoral shelf, turning below sharply to left on to pedicel, not forming ridges on knob, subparallel, nearly equidistant, branching occasionally near rim or on upper half of bowl, rarely anastomosing on lower bowl, very thin, hyaline, and delicate. Fenestra? circular or slightly elliptical, twice the size of prisms, located in little depressions in wall, 7-12 in one intercostal space, irregularly distributed, often in pairs, rarely extend- ing upon pedicel, tending to a medium location in intercostal spaces on lower bowl. Ten loricje: L.,total, 177-254 (209.5) ; bowl, 104-142 (124.5) ; pedicel, 56-102 (71.9); lance, 8-17 (13.1). D., oral, 47-52 (49.2); lip, 57-64 (60.4); knob, 4-6 (5.0) /x- As shown by us (1929), this species has been confused, or at least com- bined, with Rhabdonella spiralis var. hebe (Cleve), and Rdps. apophy- sata and triton. The type locality selected by us was Sta. PI. 35 of the Plankton Expedition in the Sargasso Sea; Brandt's figure (pi. 53, fig. 6) from this station therefore represents the type. We (1929, p. 222, fig. 423) also published a figure assigned to this species from Sta. 4712. This figure we now remove from minima and make it the type of Rhab- donellopsis constricta, for reasons apparent in the discussion of that species. At 34 stations, viz., at 11, 1, and 22, respectively, in Easter Island and Galapagos eddies and Drift; at 68-79 (73.3)°; 1012 loricee. 188 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Rhabdonellopsis triton (Zacharias) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 16, figs. 2, 3, 6, 10; Plate 17, figs. 1, 2, 4 Lorica very tall, slender chalice-shaped, with short conical bowl and very long, slender pedicel; 5.61-9.04 (7.23) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 0.41-0.50 (0.46), 0.51-0.42 (0.46), and 0.06-0.11 (0.08) t.l. Oral rim thin, hyaline, erect, or slightly everted, not exceed- ing 0.03-0.04 o.d. in height above gutter. Oral diameter 0.11-0.18 (0.14) t.l. Circumoral shelf with width of 0.12-0.16 o.d., and diameter to margin of lip of 1.18-1.30 (1.26) o.d., resulting in a concave conical contour to suboral region. Circumoral gutter shallow, asymmetrically concave, deeper near rim. Suboral lip relatively very short, with subangular (33°), broadly rounded, sinuous edge, with concave conical contour below. Suboral thickening contained within an inverted cone of 55°, not exceeding 0.16 o.d., merging abruptly into wall. Bowl 2.77- 3.81 (3.30) o.d. in length, with upper and lower cones scarcely delimited by a shoulder, 0.66 and 0.33 lengths of bowl, with angles of 5-15° and 22-32°, respectively. Pedicel 2.37-4.31 (3.35) o.d. in length and about 0.1 in diameter above knob, a tapering cone of 5-10° in upper part, expanding a short distance above knob. Knob 0.19-0.26 (0.23) o.d. in diameter, inverted subcorneal (18-33°), truncate or rounded below, or broadly fusiform, somewhat irregular or asymmetrical, its surface ribbed with ascending left-wound spiral (45°) ribs, 4-6 across one face, being continuations of ribs of pedicel or interpolations between them, its lower surface more often truncate than rounded, even excavated, with ridges forming projections, as in Xystonellopsis pulchra. Lance 0.46-0.69 (0.58) o.d. in length, 0.33 diameter of knob in diameter, nearly cylindrical, with squarely truncate, open end, with central canal enlarged in knob. Wall thin, 0.033 o.d. in thickness, very hyaline, fairly uniform, thicker in suboral rim and knob, trilaminate, with equal lamellae enclosing a single layer of faint, subuniform, subregular prisms, 8-10 between ribs and 90-100 across one face, with 2-4 layers in sub- oral ring, and 2-3 larger ones in knob, denser in suboral rim and knob, and yellowish in latter. Ribs 14-26 (19.9), very distinct, almost longi- tudinal, with branches deflected to left, extending from rim of suboral shelf to pedicel, knob, and even upper part of lance, often curving abruptly to left at suboral shelf, occasionally bifurcating near it, with branches only slightly connected with parent rib, main branches oc- curring about midway or in upper half of bowl, and anastomoses, or reunions, rarely seen on middle or lower half. Fenestra? minute, 18-26 in one intercostal space, extending upon pedicel, irregularly distributed KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 189 on upper bowl, tending to lie in a single, median intercostal line below. Animal with 2 large, elongate, ellipsoidal maeronuclei, 9 by 18/x, with adjacent globular micronuclei of much smaller size. Body subcorneal, rather short, with peduncle twice as long as bell-shaped cytosome, attached to one side of lower end of bowl. Ten lories: L., total, 275^52 (367.2); bowl, 136-198 (167.4); pedicel, 136-224 (170.3); lance, 24-36 (29.5). D., oral, 46-52 (50.8); lip, 58-69 (63.9); knob, 10-13 (11.5) /x. Its history is a long and confused one. First figured by Zacharias (1906, fig. 8) who had loricae 330-340 n in length, but with the essential features of the species. Our material is similar to Brandt's (pi. 51, figs. 5-7), though it runs somewhat larger, 275-452 /x, as compared with 280^10^, appears to have more striae (14-26) than Brandt records (12-16). At 46 stations, viz., at 2, 2, 9, 2, 2, 2, 7, 4, and 16, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial, Equatorial Counter, and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 67-83 (74.4)°; 200 loricae. X. XYSTONELLID.E Kofoid and Campbell emended Cyttarocylidse, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 108 (see also Cyttarocylidse and Ptychocylidse). Favellinese, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 116 (for Poroecus, Favella, Cymato- cylis, and Protocymatocylis see Ptychocylidse). Tintinnoinea with lorica elongated, chalice-shaped; oral margin entire, toothed, thinned down to sharp edge, or flat and channeled as circumoral shelf; suboral differentiation lacking, or developed as thick- ened band, with straight or sigmoid outer slope; or with 1-3 rings; bowl elongated, divisible into upper cylinder or inverted cone and lower inverted cone; aboral region with simple aboral horn or differ- entiated in pedicel and lance, or pedicel with its lower end in knob with angled apophyses at its truncated lower edge, or skirt; aboral end closed, with a canal to tip of lorica; wall trilaminate, with inner and outer double-contoured lamellae and prismatic intermediate layer with secondary structure and usually also fine primary structure; no closing- apparatus [?]; marine, eupelagic, and usually very common in temperate and tropical seas. Includes four large and dominant genera, three from tropical plank- ton: Parundella (23 species); Xystonella (9); Xystonellopsis (34); and one, Paraf avella (23) , from northern seas. 190 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology The removal of Parafavella to this family leaves the Ptychocylidfe free from all forms in which large secondary prismatic structure is prominent. This reallocation also results, in part, in the suppression of the former subfamily Favellina?, which we (1929) included in the Cyttarocylida?. This results in greater homogeneity in the families concerned. 24. PARUNDELLA Jorgensen emended Kofoid and Campbell Xystonellidse with an elongated lorica with upper cylinder, lower cone, and aboral horn ; oral margin entire or toothed, thinned to sharp edge; suboral thickening slight, never forming circumoral shelf or sub- oral lip, rarely with even sigmoid outline; bowl cylindrical above, coni- cal below; aboral horn or spine present, except in P. acuta; wall usually clearly trilaminate, homogeneous or with primary structure in middle layer, its inner and outer lamella? double-contoured, usually closely approximated and fused aborally ; eupelagic, marine, in temperate and tropical seas. Type species Parundella lachmanni (Daday) K. and C. from Atlantic. Claparede and Lachmann (1858, p. 210, pi. 9, fig. 5(3) first figured this as Tintinnus sp. from the radiolarian Thalassicola sent to them from the tropical Atlantic. Brandt (pi. 64, fig. 26) figured this species, to which Daday (1887b, p. 568) assigned the name lachmanni, not having seen the species. Two of Brandt's loricse came from Station PI. 25 of the Plankton Expedition in margin of Labrador and Florida currents, which may serve as the type locality. Established by Jorgensen (1924) as a subgenus of Undella, with 4 species: caudata, aculeata and var. langa, lohmamii, and messinensis. We (1929) reorganized it; raised it to generic status; added 12 new species; transferred to it Tintinnus translucens Wailes (1925) and its two varieties major and minor, raising them to specific status ; accepted Undella lachmanni as a Parundella, a species which Jorgensen (1924) had rejected but Brandt (1906, 1907) had reestablished; and restored Jorgensen's (1899) early species, Undella pellucida, which he (1924) had included in his U. p. caudata, to specific autonomy as P. pellucida. A total of 23 species were thus assigned to this genus. Differs markedly from the related Xystonella in absence of a channeled oral rim, simpler form, and feeble development of the inter- mediate prismatic layer. Relationships to Xystonella appear in the general form of the P. minor series and in wall structure of the larger P. pellucida series. Relationships to Favella are suggested by the aboral striae of P. messinensis and the fins of P. caudata, as well as by KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 191 wall structure. The aboral linear differentiation suggests the Salpin- gellinse. Perhaps the most significant of all the structural relationships is seen in the striking similarity between the form and proportions of the simpler species of the P. minor series to those of the smallest and sim- plest species of the primitive genus Tintinnopsis. This appears in a comparison of P. minor with Tintinnopsis rapa and Tps. acuminata (see K. and C, 1929, figs. 24, 43). The wall structure differentiates Tintinnopsis from Parundella, and tins characteristic is almost lost in Tps. acuminata. Parundella differs from Parafavella in the absence of strongly developed secondary prismatic structure and circumoral teeth, and in the smaller size of its species. Relationship with Xystonellopsis is clearly indicated through the subgenus Parundellopsis, both having undifferentiated suboral regions and stout loricse. The subgenus Parundellopsis has a pedicel, skirt, and lance, which are lacking in Parundella. Parundella claims and P. aculeata suggest Xps. turgida. As in Protoxystonellopsis, another subgenus of Xystonellopsis, there is no evidence in Parundella of a skirt or knob of a pronounced character. It is thus evident that Xystonellopsis and Parundella have had close connections, or even a common origin from some yet simpler, more primitive form. Includes 23 species, 14 from the Expedition material. Of these 23 species 12 were described by us (1929) as new, and 10 others were present in Expedition material. Another new species, elongata, is added and aciculifera is transferred from Favella in this report. Sub- divided into four series: the minor series, including minor, grandis, lachmanni, translucens, lagena, major, long a, and elongata; the clavus series, including clavus, injiata, and iuvaginata; the aculeata series, in- cluding aculeata, aciculifera, and acuta; and the pellucida series, in- cluding pellucida, proetenuis, difficilis, humerosa, caudata, messinensis, gigantea, lohmanni, and attenuata. Parundella aciculifera (Jorgensen) Plate 18, figs. 12, 16 P. spinosa K. and C, 1929, p. 233, fig. 435. Favella aciculifera Jorgensen, 1924, p. 31, fig. 35; K. and C, 1929, p. 149, fig. 282. Lorica stout, tall cylindrical goblet-shaped; 2.81-3.77 (3.25) o.d. Oral margin thin, rounded, slightly inflexed, flaring (45°) below with a concave slope in a more or less thickened suboral ring, with broadly 192 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology rounded shoulder 0.25-0.30 o.d. below oral margin, 0.14-0.18 o.d. in thickness. Bowl below ring subeylindrical, with slight contraction below suboral ring, and slight aboral expansion, with diameters in contracted and expanded regions, respectively, of 1.15- and 1.17-1.40 (1.27) o.d. Aboral end a low cone of 110-130°, or almost hemispherical. Aboral horn with basal conical section (25°) 0.2 o.d. in length, with a thin perforated septum at its base, passing at once into a slender acicular, solid lance 0.28-0.86 (0.63) o.d. in length. Wall extraordi- narily thick but not uniform; in loricse without marked suboral ring fairly uniform (0.08-0.10) to level of aboral contraction, thinning rapidly thence to the very thin-walled basal cone (0.02) ; in loricse with a suboral ring (0.16) it thins to 0.08 a short distance below ring, gradually thickening (0.16-0.20) to widest part of bowl, and thinning rapidly distally to basal cone. Wall 1.3/x in thickness, enclosing very distinct secondary prisms radially placed, hexagonal in section, with some indication of an arrangement in an ascending leiotropic spiral steeper in lower part of bowl; not decreasing in diameter in oral rim, but with radial diameter shortened here and in distal third of aboral end of bowl; quite regular in form and uniform in size at each level, about 25-30 across one face, slightly larger on ring, smaller in neck, and larger again on expanding slope of bowl, decreasing distally on aboral end of bowl. No secondary prisms visible on basal cone or lance of aboral horn. Animal fills lower half of bowl, with 18 membranelles, 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei, and 2 small ellipsoidal micronuclei. Ten lorica;: L., total, 101-132 (113.9); horn, 10-30 (22.3). D., oral, 33-36 (35.1); suboral ring, 40^5 (43.2); bowl, 42-50 (44.5)/*. We (1929, p. 148) previously included Jorgensen's species (1924, fig. 35) in Favella, following his placement, but now transfer it to Parundella, where it clearly belongs. We also described (1929, p. 233, fig. 435) some forms of this species as Parundella spinosa, but they are so similar to Jorgensen's species that Parundella spinosa falls into the synonymy of P. aciculifcra (Jorgensen). At 30 stations, viz., at 1, 9, 2, 2, 2, and 14, respectively, in Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 66-85 (76.4)°; 50 loricse. Parundella aculeata Jorgensen Plate 17, fig. 12 Lorica elongate, cylindrical chalice-shaped, forming an angle 15-18° measured from tip to rim, consisting of a bowl and horn; 3.66-4.08 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 193 (3.88) o.d. Oral margin rounded, with little flare from within outward. No suboral band or lip. Bowl 2.70-3.18 (2.88) o.d. in length, with upper 0.55-0.60 almost cylindrical, with very little increase in diameter (not over 0.1) aborally, lower 0.45-0.40 convex conical (45-50°), with no shoulder. Transition into horn abrupt. Aboral horn attenuate conical (9-11°), with thick walls and a sharp, closed tip; 0.83-1.21 (0.94) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.16-0.22 its length, and cen- tral canal occluded in distal 0.5. Wall subuniform throughout, thin- ning slightly aborally. Five loricse: L., total, 108-114 (110.8); bowl, 80-86 (82.4); horn, 24-34 (27). D., oral, 27-30 (28.6); greatest, 29-33 (30.6); horn, 4-5 (4.6) M. At 24 stations, viz., at 1,1,1, 3, 2, 2, and 14, respectively, in the Mex- ican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-85 (75.7)°; 46 loricae. Parundella acuta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, figs. 6, 8 Lorica stout, constricted subcylindrical goblet-shaped; 2.35-2.56 (2.47) o.d. Oral margin bluntly rounded. Oral rim with vertical inner and concave outer slope in a cone of 45°. Suboral thickened ring very broadly rounded, vertical height (0.35 o.d.), 2-3 times its thickness. Bowl below ring with vertical or flaring (5°) sides. Aboral 0.33-0.50 of bowl bulging, rotund, with a slight increase in lumen, and more in external diameter, due to thickened walls; greatest diameter 1.11-1.32 (1.23) o.d., located 0.88-1.06 (0.94) o.d., or 0.6 total length, from tip. Aboral end of bowl conical to slightly rotund, forming an inverted cone of 65-75°. Aboral horn 0.10-0.18 o.d. in length, not differentiated by slope but by thin wall and perforate septum. Tip acute, closed. \S all very thick, with radially elongated, secondary prismatic poly- hedrons of regular uniform pattern and size at each level; with thick- ness at oral ring, below ring, on the greatest diameter of bowl, and on aboral horn 0.14, 0.09, 0.18, and 0.04 o.d., respectively. Towards oral rim and tip secondary prisms disappear between fusing lamellae, the aboral horn being formed of their substance in one layer, delimited internally by thin, upwardly directed, convex, internal septum. Prisms 45 across one face on suboral ring, almost as many in con- stricted region below, and 80 on widest part of bowl, growing smaller distally and difficult to detect, with a slight trace of a spiral arrange- ment with increasing obliquity aborally. 194 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Six loricse : L., total, 80-90 (84.8) ; from aboral bulge to tip of axis, 30-36 (32.3). D., oral, 34-36 (34.3); greatest, 40-45 (42.3) fi. At 7 stations, viz., at 1, 2, and 4, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-79 (77.2)°; 7 loricse. Parundella attenuata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, fig. 19 Lorica very large, greatly elongated, cylindrical goblet-shaped, prominent suboral ring; 3.71-4.25 (3.91) o.d. Oral margin thin, bluntly rounded. Oral rim with little flare (4°), with convex inner and concave outer slope. Suboral thickened zone distinct, attaining greatest thickness (0.07 o.d.) at 0.33 o.d. below oral margin, thinning abruptly below to normal wall, with diameter on suboral ring 1.13 o.d. Bowl with upper subcylindrical and lower conical (30-43°) regions, 2.0 and 0.9 o.d. in length, respectively; with very slight contraction through middle 0.5, with a trace of inflation at lower end of upper part, but never forming a localized ring, and not attaining diameter of suboral thickening. Upper part passing abruptly into convex subcorneal (30- 43°) lower part, which in turn passes abruptly into horn. Basal part of horn conical (9-13°), 1.02-1.19 o.d. in length, with upper and lower diameters, respectively, of 0.28-0.33 and 0.12-0.10 o.d., with 10 short (0.4 o.d.) longitudinal ridges on some loricse. Lance very short conical (35°), 0.16 o.d. in length, with its basal diameter nearly equaling its height. Wall thin, 0.1 o.d. in thickest part of suboral thickening, thinning distally in lower bowl, slightly thicker in horn, and very thin in lance, with same structure as in messinensis. Nine loricse: L., total, 162-205 (190.6) ; bowl, 118-150 (137.1); basal horn, 36-50 (45.5); lance, 7-9 (8.0). D., oral, 47-52 (48.8); fundus, 45-50 (49.2) /x. At 20 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 2, 3, and 11, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift; at 66-81 (74.2)°; 26 loricse. Parundella caudata (Ostenfeld) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 21, fig. 14 Lorica very tall, slender, subconical chalice-shaped, without suboral band or lip; subtending as a whole an angle of 12-16°; 3.94-4.43 (4.09) o.d. Oral margin acute in section, convex on both slopes, with outward KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 195 flare of inner face of 15°. Suboral thickening not distinctly localized, reaching a maximum of 0.1 o.d. within 0.5 o.d. of rim, thinning down to normal wall within 1.0 o.d. Bowl 2.90-3.27 (3.03) o.d. in length; its npper part 0.4-0.5 total length, or 0.55-0.60 length of bowl, or 1.75- 2.00 o.d. in length, cylindrical or subcylindrical, with inflation above lower cone to 1.04 o.d. Lower part convex-subconical (30-42°), 1.25- 1.50 o.d. in length. Transition into horn abrupt. Basal horn 0.50-0.77 (0.61) o.d. in length, conical (17-24°), its upper and lower diameters, excluding lists, respectively, 0.20-0.27 and 0.16-0.12 o.d. Wide angle between horn and bowl filled by 4-5 short prismatic lists, preserving the general conical outline. Lists vertical, 0.5-0.8 o.d. in length, and disappearing above on lower cone and below on horn. Basal horn pass- ing without ledge directly into thin-walled lance, less clearly dis- tinguishable in optical section by thinning of wall than in messinensis, its conical contour continuing that of basal horn, 0.39-0.53 (0.45) o.d. in length, and basal diameter 0.3 its length. Tip sharp, closed. Wall somewhat thicker in upper 0.3, thinning in lower cone, thickening again in upper horn, and thinning to a single fused lamella in lance, formed by minute primary prisms between thin inner and outer lamella, regular and uniform throughout whole lorica, forming hex- agonal fields in surface view, and extending out into lists, 4 layers in the thickest part, 3, 2, and 1 down the bowl into lower cone, 2 in horn, and none in lance, 65-70 across one face on cylindrical part of bowl. Eight loricae: L., total, 120-139 (129.5); bowl, 87-102 (95.9); basal horn, 16-23 (19.4); lance, 12-17 (14.3). D., oral, 30-34 (31.6); great- est, 30-34 (32.5) ix. At 22 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 8, 1, 2, and 9, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian and Equatorial Counter currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 65-84 (71.6)°; 41 lorica?. Parundella clavus Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, figs. 1, 10 Lorica small, stout, conical goblet-shaped; 2.78-3.35 o.d.; contained within a cone of 12° from rim to tip; anterior half almost cylindrical, posterior subconical (32°), with a stout, pedicel-like aboral extension. Oral rim slightly everted on inner face, very slightly concave on outer. Suboral band broad, extending 0.8 o.d. below oral rim, merging gradu- ally into wall below. Bowl, including stout, subcylindrical, pedicel- like terminal part, 2.3-2.4 o.d. in length; upper part subcylindrical and convex outwardly, 1.0 o.d. in length; lower part an inverted truncated 196 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology cone (36°), 1.0 o.d. in length. Lower cone subcylindrical below for 0.5 o.d., forming a short pedicel with slight aboral expansion formed by inflation of intermediate layer of wall. Aboral end of pedicel abruptly contracted in an inverted cone of 110°, with rounded angle. Aboral horn tapering (20°), slender, with length and basal diameter, respec- tively, of 0.5-0.8 and 0.16 o.d., with central canal for 0.3-0.6 its length. Wall unique in Parundella in restriction of secondary radial prisms to suboral band, where there are 12-40 in vertical direction and 37 across one face, and in aboral inflation of prismatic layer. Prisms always faint ; inner and outer lamella? closely appressed except in suboral zone and inflated region at base of pedicel. Wall with a brownish tint in pedicel. Two lorica?: L., total, 78-87; horn, 14-22. D., oral, 26-28; suboral band, 28-29; pedicel, 12-13/*- At 2 stations, viz., at 1 each in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 75-79 (77)°; 2 lorica?. Parundella difficilis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, figs. 13, 17 Lorica elongate, slender chalice-shaped, nearly cylindrical in upper 0.5, and tapering in lower, consisting of a bowl with an awl-shaped horn; 2.87-3.50 (3.30) o.d. Oral margin sharp, with rim slightly everted and concave externally. Suboral thickening increasing gradually, slight, fading out within 0.5 o.d. below rim, and widest (1.08 o.d.) below middle. Bowl 2.05-2.43 (2.30) o.d. in length, con- sisting of upper, nearly cylindrical section of 1.22-1.48 (1.38) o.d. in length, and convex conical (31-43°) lower one a trifle less than 1 o.d. in length, passing gradually distally with change of curvature into horn. This transition is all but obliterated in the lorica figured (Plate 18, fig. 13); some lorica? with slight median concavity of upper section and a slight expansion below, as in lohmanni. Basal part of aboral horn 0.5 o.d. in length, with a diameter at its upper and lower ends, respectively, of 0.28-0.40 and 0.16-0.12 o.d., concave subcorneal (15-23°) without [?] surface striae, terminating distally in attenuate, conical (11-18°), thin-walled, sharp, pointed lance, 0.27-0.52 (0.43) o.d. in length, and a basal diameter 0.25-0.45 its length. Tip sharp, closed. Wall thickest in suboral region, less than half as thick else- where, and reduced to a single, fused lamella in lance, enclosing very fine, delicate hexagonal prisms between lamella? in 4 or more rows across suboral thickening, and elsewhere in 3, 2, and 1 layer. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 197 Eight loricse: L., total, 112-133 (116.1); bowl, 74-87 (82.1); basal part of horn, 12-29 (18.8); lance, 10-17 (15.2). D., oral, 33-38 (35.7); suboral ridge, 37-41 (38.9) ft. At 29 stations, viz., at 9, 1, 2, 1, and 16, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 65-81 (73.2)°; 51 lorica:. Parundella elongata spec. nov. Plate 17, fig. 9 Lorica slender, subconical (10°) awl-shaped; 5.9 o.d. Oral region for 0.27 o.d. from rim with an increased flare forming an inverted cone (25°). Oral margin rounded externally. No thickened suboral band, the wall being only a trifle thicker toward oral end. Bowl 0.42 1. 1. length, subconical, widest at oral rim, 3.5 o.d. in length; upper bowl an inverted concave cone of 7°, forming 0.72 length of bowl; the lower forming 0.28 length of bowl, a short inverted cone of 21°; passing very gradually with slight change in curvature into undifferentiated aboral horn, 0.28 t. 1. in length and a slightly concave inverted cone (9°) with basal diameter 0.14 its length; its contour slightly sinuous in its distal third, with 7 low, longitudinal, dexiotropic (10°) stripe ex- tending from lower end of bowl almost to tip. Aboral end blunt, closed. Wall thickest in suboral and aboral regions, thinner elsewhere, with small prisms, without localised increase in size. L., total, 177; bowl, 104; pedicel-lance, 73. D., oral, 30; top of aboral horn, 10ft. At Sta. 4659, in Peruvian Current; at 69°; 1 lorica. Parundella gigantea Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, figs. 7, 18 Lorica stout, subconical chalice-shaped, with upper 0.75 of bowl subcylindrical and lower 0.25 abruptly concave conical; 2.89-3.27 (3.10) o.d. Oral margin angled. Oral rim flaring (15°) outwardly on inner face with outer face subvertical. Suboral thickened zone un- developed, forming a vaguely limited band 0.4 o.d. in length, attaining its greatest diameter (1.09 o.d.) at 0.31 o.d. below rim. Bowl 1.95- 2.32 (2.18) o.d. in length, with median zone of slight constriction to 0.98 o.d. in some loricre, but expansion below slight, upper sub- cylindrical (6°) part up to 0.75, and lower subconical (47-58°), 0.25 length of bowl. Transition into horn abrupt. Basal part of aboral horn 198 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology subconical (12-18°), 0.29-0.66 (0.48) o.d. in length, with upper and lower diameters, respectively, of 0.28-0.33 and 0.16-0.12 o.d., with concave sides and feeble, longitudinal, vertical or dexiotropic (9-12°) striae on its surface. Lance with a slight shoulder, attenuate conical (14-20°), 0.38-0.53 (0.44) o.d. in length, and basal diameter 0.25-0.35 its length. Tip sharp, closed. Wall thickest in suboral zone at 0.3 o.d. below rim, thinning in lower cone, and to only a single fused lamella in lance. Regular, equidistant secondary prisms in one layer clearly defined in upper suboral region, each enclosing four layers of primary prisms, decreasing in lower bowl and horn from 3 to 1 layers, with three layers in the striae. Five loricae: L., total, 127-157 (144.6); bowl, 82-112 (101.6); basal part of horn, 13-25 (22.4); lance, 20-22 (20.6). D., oral, 38-53 (46.6); suboral, 42-55 (49.0); midway, 30^5 (40.6) /z. At 9 stations, viz., at 1, 4, 1, and 3, respectively, in Peruvian Cur- rent, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-81 (76.0)°; 12 lorieae. Parundella humerosa Kofoid and Campbell Plate 17, figs. 14, 15; Plate 18, fig. 11 Lorica medium stout, rotund chalice-shaped, with well developed suboral zone, stout horn, and shouldered lance; 2.66-3.14 (2.91) o.d. Oral margin thick, rounded. Oral rim flaring outwardly 14° from vertical, convex on inner and concave on outer face, thinning abruptly on outer face only. Suboral thickening localized in a low, rounded swelling 0.12-0.16 o.d. in thickness, at 0.25 o.d. below rim, 0.4 o.d. in length, and 1.04-1.14 (1.11) o.d. in diameter. Bowl 1.89-2.11 (1.95) o.d. in length, without median constriction or distal expansion, con- sisting of subcylindrical upper portion, 0.65 length of bowl and 0.5 1. 1., and short subconical (36-47°) convex lower cone passing abruptly into horn. Basal part of aboral horn short, conical (18-22°), 0.39- 0.47 (0.44) o.d. in length, with upper and lower diameters, re- spectively, of 0.25-0.40 and 0.20-0.14 o.d., without (?) strise, with distinct subangular shoulder marking transition into slender, thin- walled conical (12-14°) lance, 0.22-0.61 (0.49) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.33 its length. Tip sharp, closed. Wall thickest across suboral band, thinning in lower cone, somewhat less in upper horn, and to a single fused lamella in lance; formed by minute prisms between inner and outer lamellae, regular and uniform throughout lorica, appearing as hexagonal fields across upper bowl; with 4 layers KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 199 in upper bowl, and 1-3 in a descending series in lower cone and upper horn, with none in lance. Four loricEe: L., total, 108-125 (114.0); bowl, 72-88 (77.0); basal horn, 15-22 (17.5); lance, 15-23 (19.5). D., oral, 36-47 (39.5); suboral thickened zone, 41-49 (43.8) ju. At 8 stations, viz., at 3, 2, 2, and 1, respectively, in Peruvian Cur- rent, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 69-75 (72.7)°; 8 loricse. Parundella inflata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 17, figs. 7, 11 Lorica much elongated, chalice-shaped, a cone of 14-16° measured from tip to rim, consisting of bowl and horn; 3.56^.35 (3.92) o.d. Oral rim rounded, entire; no lip or external concavity, suboral thicken- ing slight, 1.0 o.d. in length. Bowl 2.65-3.45 (2.91) o.d. in length; upper section subcylindrical, 0.45 length of bowl, increasing to not more than 1.16 o.d. at lower end; lower section an inverted segment of a convex cone (30-40°), with slope suddenly increasing in aboral 0.16-0.33 to 60-90°, forming an abrupt shoulder above horn. One lorica with low lists in angle between horn and bowl. Horn a very slender, attenuate cone (8°), 0.88-1.24 (1.00) o.d. in length, basaf diameter 0.05-0.14 length, with narrow central canal in upper 0.3 to whole of horn. Tip sharp, closed. Seven lorica?: L., total, 92-126 (104.7); bowl, 69-100 (77.7); horn, 22-34 (27.0). D., oral, 25-29 (26.7); greatest diameter, 25-31 (28.1); horn, 2-5 (3.7)/*. At 18 stations, viz., at 1, 3, 1, and 13, respectively, in South Equa- torial Current, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-81 (75.7)°; 28 lorica?. Parundella invaginata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, fig. 4 Lorica strikingly stout goblet-shaped, with tall cup-shaped bowl, telescoped pedicel, and stout conical horn; 2.27-2.77 (2.53) o.d. Oral rim sharpened by gradual outward flare of inner lamella, beginning 0.16 o.d. below rim, with convex inner surface. No suboral thickening. Bowl measured to aboral ring 1.41-1.95 (1.76) o.d. in length, sub- cylindrical, with slightly convex sides up to 1.05 o.d. near middle, contracting aborally at 1.00-1.25 o.d. from rim, with rounded shoulder 200 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology in a cone of 50-60° into pedicel. Pedicel up to 0.2 o.d. in length, in- verted conical (15°) or flaring (8°), with overhanging ridge shaped as though formed by thrusting of aboral horn into base of bowl, with more or less of telescoping of lower part of pedicel into upper part, resulting in some loricre merely in a raised local angular ridge, while in others invagination has a vertical depth of 0.2 o.d., with salient, rounded ring, 0.39-0.50 (0.44) o.d. in diameter. Pedicel contracting below ring (20-40°) to concave conical aboral horn with upper part extending aborally for 0.22-0.28 o.d., then passing over into slender, thin-walled, attenuate, subconical (10-17°) lance, 0.45-0.65 o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.25-0.33 its length. Junction between pedicel and horn not marked by any knob or thickening of wall. In many loricre transition of horn to lance without change in slope, while in others there is a slight shoulder, but in all cases transition marked by abrupt thinning of wall, with fusion of inner and outer lamellre. Tip sharp, closed. Wall thickest below oral region, thinning gradually towards ring, where it thickens slightly, thinning out in thin-walled lance; formed of thin inner and outer lamellre enclosing an exceedingly fine prismatic meshwork, crowded out in lance. Body relatively large, nearly filling upper 0.75 of bowl, with 20 membranelles and 2 oval macronuclei, 7 by 14 yu. Ten loricre: L., total, 100-122 (107.1); to ring on pedicel, 70-80 (74.6); lower pedicel and horn, 28-42 (32.5). D., oral, 41-44 (42.4); ring, 17-22 (18.5) /x- At 15 stations, viz., at 7, 1, 2, 2, and 3, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 65-80 (72.2)°; 27 loricre. Parundella messinensis (Brandt) Jorgensen emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, fig. 15 Lorica tall cylindrical goblet-shaped, with bowl abruptly angled at junction of upper subcylindrical and lower conical regions; 3.34-3.61 (3.49) o.d. Oral margin bluntly rounded, flaring outwardly (5°), with vertical or concave outer and convex inner slope. Suboral expansion restricted, slight, not over 1.15 o.d., fading out gradually within upper third of bowl. Bowl subcylindrical, 2.35-2.64 (2.55) o.d. in length, forming 0.70-0.74 (0.72) t. 1., consisting of upper subcylindrical part, 2 o.d. in length, and a lower cone (50-60°) 0.5 o.d. in length, upper contracting slightly below middle to 1 o.d., expanding distally to fundus KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 201 where slope changes abruptly to a rounded projecting ridge, as in Brandt's lorica (pi. 69, fig. 13). Fundus, or bottom level of subcylindri- cal section, expanded to 1.00-1.08 o.d., with rounded outer angle. Lower cone deeply concave, 100° above, contracting to 60° below. Transition into horn gradual. Basal part of aboral horn 0.63-0.77 (0.73) o.d. in length, concave conical (10-15°), its upper and lower diameters, respectively, 0.3-0.4 and 0.18-0.15 o.d., with low vertical longitudinal ridges, often interrupted, extending up over angle of fundus, 10 main ridges on basal horn and 20-30 short runs interpolated on lower cone, formed by slight folds of outer lamella. Lance 0.19-0.37 (0.25) o.d. in length, conical (14-26°), with thin walls, with base 0.28- 0.50 its length and sometimes a slight shoulder at junction with basal part of horn. Tip sharp, closed. Wall very thin, thickest in upper and lower expansion of bowl, very thin in contracted portion and lower cone, and thinnest in the lance, with 2-4 layers of minute regular prisms forming in surface view hexagonal primary fields; uniform throughout whole lorica, 80 across one face of bowl, with 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, and 0 layers, respectively, in oral lip, suboral thickening, contracted region, fundus expansion, lower cone, and lance. Five lorica?: L., total, 147-156 (152); bowl, 106-116 (109.2); base of aboral horn, 28-36 (31.8); lance, 7-12 (11). D., oral, 41-46 (43.3); fundus, 44-48 (46.2) /x. At 15 stations, viz., at 3, 2, and 10, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-79 (73.2)°; 23 loricae. Parundella piletenuis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 17, fig. 13 Lorica medium slender conical chalice-shaped, with slender horn; 2.28-3.20 (2.71) o.d. Oral margin bluntly rounded, with slight inner flare and less concavity on outer slope in a cone of 15°. Suboral thick- ening 0.6 o.d. in length, with slight shoulder below. Bowl below thickened zone 1.56-2.23 (1.93) o.d. in length; with upper and lower cones subequal in length, each an inverted segment of a cone of 15° and 42-50°, respectively. Lower concave cone passing with slight change in curvature into horn. Aboral horn with short subcorneal (12-21°) basal part, 0.34-0.51 (0.41) o.d. in length, without striae, with diameters at upper and lower ends, respectively, 0.20-0.28 and 0.10-0.07 o.d., passing distally into attenuate, thin-walled, conical (13-16°) lance, 0.27-0.48 (0.38) o.d. in length and basal diameter 0.25- 0.30 its length. No septum. Tip acute, closed. 202 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Six loricse: L., total, 89-113 (97.1); bowl, 61-78 (69.5); base of horn, 12-19 (14.8); lance, 10-17 (13.0). D., oral, 34-39 (36.0); suboral, 35- 41 (37.8) /i. Larger loricse (107-1 13/x) occur at temperatures of 69-75 (72)°, and smaller ones (89-94/x) at 72-80 (74)°. At 9 stations, viz., at 3, 2, and 4, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 69-80 (73.4)°; 13 loricae. 25. XYSTONELLA Brandt emended Laackmann emended Jorgensen Xystonellidse with lorica subconical, very long and narrow; oral margin thickened, flattened, with trough on horizontal surface between inner and outer lamella?, outer more or less flaring, entire or toothed, and inner erect and entire; bowl elongate, vase-shaped, or inverted conical, with upper and lower cones; prolonged aborally, either in an undifferentiated aboral horn, or in one with pedicel, knob or apophyses, and terminal lance; wall trilaminate, with well developed middle pris- matic layer; eupelagic, marine. Type species Xystonella treforti (Daday) Laackmann from off Naples. Proposed by Brandt (1907) both as a genus and subgenus in a vacil- lating and indeterminate manner. Laackmann (1909) definitely dis- associated Xystonella from Cyttarocylis with which Brandt had allied it. Jorgensen (1924) accepted this autonomy and allied it to Undella, Favella, and Poroecus. We (1929) removed from it to Xystonellopsis the following species : — armata, cymatica, dahli, dicymatica, dilatata, favata, gaussi, hastata, heros, krameri, omata, paradoxa, pulchra, scyphium, spicata, tenuirostris, and torta, leaving in Xystonella only 9 species. Resembles Xystonellopsis and the longer species of Parundella in general form and proportions, but differs from both in having a chan- neled oral rim, instead of a sharp edge. The elongate conical loricse of this genus suggest those of the Rhabdonellidse, but lack the longitudinal ribs of that family, though having the channeled oral rim of Rhab- donella and Rhabdonellopsis. It has the same type of secondary prismatic wall structure as Parafavella but differs from it in the ab- sence of circumoral teeth, except in X. scandens, and in more highly developed aboral structure. It is the simplest genus in the Xystonel- lidae. Includes 9 species, of which 6 are present in Expedition ma- terial. Of the 9 only minuscula was new and was present in Expedition KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 203 material. Subdivided into 3 subgenera, all new, viz., Proxystonella, Xystonella, and Spiroxystonella. PROXYSTONELLA subgen. nov. Xystonella with simple aboral horn; no pedicel, knob, skirt, or lance; wall of bowl without spiral shelf. Type species Xystonella {Proxys- tonella) lanccolata (Bdt.) Bdt. from Sta. 187 of the "Thor" off the Gulf of Taranto in the Mediterranean as figured by Jorgensen (1924, fig. 41a). Contains acus, lanceolata, longicauda and lohmanni. XYSTONELLA subgen. nov. Xystonella with differentiated pedicel and enlarged aboral structure, merely a clavate body in clavata, but a knob, skirt, and lance in treforti and minuscula; no spiral shelf. Type species that of genus, Xystonella treforti (Daday) Laack. from Gulf of Naples. Includes clavata, treforti, and minuscula. SPIROXYSTONELLA subgen. nov. Xystonella with pedicel, knob, skirt, and lance; wall of bowl with a spiral shelf of many turns. Type species is the only one in the subgenus, Xystonella {Spiroxystonella) scandens (Bdt.) Bdt. from Sta. "Dahl, 18- 11-97" off Ralum in Western Tropical Pacific. This type of spiral evolution occurs elsewhere in the Tintinnoinea only in Climacocylis {Coxiellidoe). Spiral structure is entirely absent elsewhere in Xysto- nella, but appears in spiral ridges on pedicels of several species in Xystonellopsis. It hardly seems to indicate any close relationship to Climacocylis, but illustrates the random emergence of comparable characters in widely divergent families. Xystonella acus (Brandt) Brandt Lorica tall, conical, chalice-shaped, flaring orally, aboral horn not differentiated into pedicel and lance; 4.8 o.d. (3.56-5.47 in Brandt's figures) measured at opening. Oral margin in section a rounded angle of 40°. Oral rim 0.03 o.d. in height, slightly higher than outer lip. Circumoral trough angled (100°), deepest near oral rim. Lip everted, angled (50-70°) in section. Suboral flare abrupt, restricted within to 0.11 o.d. below oral margin, or diffused over 0.5 o.d. Circumoral region 204 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.07-0.09 o.d. in width, with diameter to margin of lip 1.15-1.19 o.d. Bowl 0.60 (in Brandt's figures 0.67-0.85) t.l., with minor irregularities in outline, with slight distal convexity above lower cone. Suboral region an inverted cone of 20-55°, depending on abruptness of flare. Upper bowl 0.60-0.75 length of bowl, an inverted convex cone (10° anteriorly, increasing to 20° posteriorly), passing gradually into lower bowl, a convex cone of 30-40°, contracting abruptly into aboral horn. Aboral horn subcylindrical to conical (7-15°), tapering to 0.5 of its initial diameter near tip, thence rapidly contracting to sharp point, with central canal, to closed (?) tip, its length and basal diameter, re- spectively, 0.22 and 1.67 o.d. Wall of radial hexagonal secondary prisms, uniform in size at each level, between thick inner and outer lamellae in single layer, except for two in lip; 47, 25, and 22, respectively, across one face at suboral ring, middle, and lower end of bowl, fading out in lower horn, with a fine primary mesh filling secondary fields. Lower horn dark yellow. Two macronuclei and 2 micronuclei are re- ported by Jorgensen (1924). L., total, 192; horn, 70. D., oral, 38; oral lip, 46; upper end of horn, 10m- At 2 stations in Drift; at 70-72°; 2 loricae. Xystonella clavata Jorgensen Plate 19, fig. 11 Most elongate and delicate of lance-tintinnids. Lorica very slender chalice-shaped, with more or less elongated pedicel; 6.0-8.9 o.d. Oral shelf subhorizontal, 0.11-0.17 o.d. in width, with diameter to edge of lip 1.22-1.34 o.d. Oral margin acute, angled (80°), slightly rounded. Oral rim low, with subvertical inner slope and concave outer, rising 0.06 o.d. above lip. Circumoral trough shallow, oblique, concave. Lip in our lorica and in Jorgensen's (1924, fig. 40) not so widely everted as in Brandt's (pi. 42, fig. 8). Suboral thickening contained within an inverted concave cone of 27-105°, 0.5-1.0 o.d. in length. Bowl very slender conical, 0.60-0.73 t.l., with upper cone (9°) 1.75- 2.00 o.d. in length, contracting into lower one of 20°. Aboral horn very slender and long, 4 o.d. in Brandt's lorica (pi. 42, fig. 8) and only 2 in ours, 0.2 o.d. in diameter at base. Pedicel cylindrical, about 1-3 o.d. in length. Knob a lance-like or fusiform swelling, a cone of 17° above and inverted 20° below. Tip sharp-pointed, not elongated into lance. Wall with delicate lamella? and middle layer composed of radial, regular hexagonal prisms smaller in anterior 0.4 than in middle of KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 205 lorica, and minute posteriorly; very thin, except in lip. Animal in our lorica had 2 irregular macronuclei in division. L., total, 242; aboral horn, 100. D., oral, 40; lip, 50^. At Sta. 4701 in Drift; at 72°; 1 lorica. Xystonella lanceolata (Brandt) Brandt Lorica graceful, very much elongated chalice-shaped, with slender bowl, flaring lip, elongated pedicel, and terminal fusiform enlargement; 5.4-7.4 o.d. Oral margin sharp. Circumoral shelf oblique. Oral rim angled (30°) in section, raised above suboral lip 0.1 o.d., its inner face flaring in an inverted cone (45°), its outer contour contained within a cone of 75-80°. Circumoral trough shallow, wide-angled (135°) on outer oblique slope of shelf. Lip strongly protuberant, sharp-edged, in section an angle of 70°, with concave lower surface, its contour contained within a cone of 110°, and diameter to margin of lip 1.15- 1.18 o.d. Suboral thickened zone extending 0.5 o.d. below rim. Bowl with upper cone (8°) continuing for 2.00-2.25 o.d., then contracting abruptly into lower cone (26-30°), 1.0 o.d. in length. Aboral horn to tip of lance 4.2 o.d. in length. Pedicel cylindrical, 1.5-3.0 o.d. in length, enlarging distally into a lance-shaped or fusiform terminal knob, whose length and diameter are, respectively, 0.55 and 0.29 o.d. Tip acute, closed. Knob contains enlarged typical prisms. L., total, 258; aboral horn, 150. D., oral, 38; lip, 45; pedicel, 7; knob, 11/i. Hensen (1911) uses the name Undella lanceolatus {nomen nudum) in a table of occurrences from the Atlantic South Equatorial. Since the specific name lanceolata was used by Brandt in the Tintinnoinea only in Xystonella, the inference is that Hensen's reference is to this species of Brandt's. The context, however, of Hensen's table is not in agree- ment with the data of Brandt's table (1907, p. 258), so this allocation may be regarded as tentative. At Sta. 4695 in Easter Island Eddy; at 74°; 1 lorica. Xystonella longicauda (Brandt) Brandt emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 19, figs. 1, 9 One of the most elongate of the lance-tintinnids, lorica attenuate chalice-shaped; 5.14-6.40 (5.72) o.d. in length. Oral region more highly differentiated than in other species, though exceedingly variable. 206 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology In highest development with a rounded and entire or minutely and irregularly erenulated, sharp-edged oral margin; a flaring horizontal oral shelf, abruptly everted, 0.1 o.d. in width, and diameter at lip 1.19-1.24 o.d. Oral rim with inner face vertical or sloping (25°) obliquely inward and outer 15-30° outward, with height 0.75 width of shelf, rising a little above level of lip. Circumoral trough angular (105°) or almost semicircular in section; in loricse with less developed oral region only a shallow groove, 0.5 width of shelf in depth, indented in the squarely truncate oral end. Bowl tapering suborally for 1 o.d., an inverted segment of a concave cone (30°); for 1.30-1.75 o.d. below this, cone decreasing to 12°, then increasing to 22-26° for 1.0-1.5 o.d., and passing gradually into aboral horn. In a few lorica3 some contrac- tion in suboral region. Aboral horn very slender, tapering, not over 0.3 o.d. in diameter at base, 0.41-0.52 (0.46) t.l., 2.38-3.23 (2.65) o.d. in length, terminating distally in a sharp closed point, with no knob, or with slight trace of an expansion. Wall composed of a single layer of radially located, regular hexagonal prisms enclosed between thin, faintly double-contoured outer and inner lamella3, except in lip and thickened suboral region, where there are 2-4 for 1 o.d. below rim; thinning gradually from suboral zone to aboral horn formed only of the two lamella3. Prisms vary in number and dimension at different levels and in different loricse at corresponding levels, as a rule smaller in suboral ring, largest in upper half of bowl, decreasing aborally, and smallest in upper end of horn. In one lorica there are, respectively, 75, 38, 47, and 15 across one face in suboral ring, upper bowl, lower bowl, and upper horn. Two oval macronuclei, 6 by 12yu. Ten lorica3: L., total, 190-256 (234.0); aboral horn, 88-118 (108.3). D., oral, 37-44 (40.9); lip, 46-56 (53.4) fi. At 8 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 5, respectively, in California Current, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-75 (72.3)°; 20 lories. Xystonella minuscula Kofoid and Campbell Plate 19, fig. 8; Plate 20, figs. 1-5 Lorica elongated, flaring subconical chalice-shaped; 4.43-6.49 (5.61) o.d. or 3.67-4.69 (4.24) diameters of oral lip. Oral margin entire, sharp. Oral shelf flat, wide, 0.18 o.d. in width, diameter to lip 1.34 o.d. Suboral thickened region abruptly flaring, often asymmetrically, 0.3- 0.6 o.d. in length. Oral rim vertical on inner face, sloping (35°) on outer, triangular in section, not rising above lip. Circumoral trough broad, shallow, and nearly symmetrical. Lip widely flaring, with KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 207 thin, minutely and regularly serrated edge, with 50 points on one side, concave below, contained in an inverted cone of 25-55°. Bowl forming 0.51-0.64 (0.57) t.l., divided below suboral flare into two subconical regions, the upper an inverted cone up to 7°, not over 1.5 o.d. in length, with gradual transition into lower, a slightly convex cone of 25-30°, 1.25 o.d. in length, with a more abrupt transition into pedicel. Aboral horn 2.75-3.25 o.d. in length. Pedicel concave conical (7-15°), 1.13-2.29 (1.85) o.d. in length, its least diameter above knob 0.09-0.13 o.d., with diameter at upper end 0.25-0.30 o.d., sometimes sinuous in narrowest region, expanding (30°) distally. Knob 0.14-0.24 (0.19) o.d. in diameter, squarely or obliquely truncate aborally, with 4 or 8, sometimes 3, 5, or more, salient angles on margin of skirt, sometimes merely rounded. Lance 0.22-0.68 (0.48) o.d. in length, very slender, attenuate conical to almost cylindrical, 0.03 o.d. in diameter in most of length, flaring basally to 0.2-0.4 diameter of knob. Tip closed, blunt, or squarely truncate. Wall similar to that of A', treforti, except that prisms are somewhat more regular and smaller, about 30-40 across upper end of bowl instead of 25-30, giving a slightly denser appearance to lorica as a whole. In the lorica figured (Plate 19, fig. 8) there is an abrupt change in the suboral zone to 80 minute prisms across one face and a comparable change midway on lower bowl. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei 10 by 20/j, two large spheroidal micronuclei, and 16 membranelles. Ten lorica?: L., total, 268-350 (321.3); bowl, 178-208 (184.0); pedicel, 68-127 (109.1); lance, 18-42 (28.2). D., oral, 54-68 (59.0); lip, 73-80 (75.7); midway, 18^0 (27.9); knob, 10-14 (11.5) /t At 28 stations, viz., at 14, 3, 1, 4, and 6, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Panamic Area, Easter Island, and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 66-80 (70.3)°; 249 lorica?. Xtstonella treforti (Daday) Laackmann Plate 19, figs. 2-5, 7 Cyttarocylis treforti, Graf, 1909, pp. 152, 158, 166, 170, 175, 177, figs. [8]a, [llja, [15]b, [17]e, [19]h, [20]a. Hystonella treforti, Hofker, 1931b, p. 381. Lapsus pennse. Lorica very elongated, large-bowled, chalice shaped; 6.50-7.78 (7.10) o.d. Circumoral shelf horizontal, flat, narrow (0.05-0.09 o.d. in width), with diameter to lip 1.11-1.19 o.d. Oral margin entire, sharp. Oral rim very low, lower than lip, with inner face vertical and sloping up to 20° from vertical on outer, triangular in section. Circumoral 208 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology trough slightly concave or angular (115°) in section, deepest near rim. Suboral thickening fading out within 0.2-0.5 o.d. below lip. Lip usually not strongly everted, with an acute or blunt edge, its lower con- tour concave, contained within an inverted cone of 25-35°, rarely 55°. Margin of lip smooth, crenulate, or serrate with minute to stout tri- angular erect teeth, 25-60 across one side. Bowl 0.56-0.74 (0.64) t.l., with subconical (up to 7°) upper cone 2.5-3.0 o.d. in length, passing into convex lower cone (25-35°) 0.5-1.0 o.d. in length. Both upper and lower transitions gradual. Pedicel conical (9-12°), 1.32-2.52 (1.93) o.d. in length, with upper and lower diameters, respectively, of 0.25- 0.33 and 0.10-0.07 o.d., expanding rather abruptly into knob in a pyramid of 40°. Knob with diameter of 0.09-0.29 (0.19) o.d., spread- ing laterally into a squarish or angular skirt, whose angles project aborally in salient points, in a quadrangular and squarely truncate form, though irregular, circular, oblique, or asymmetrical in some loricse. Lance continuing from its aboral center, 0.46-0.77 (0.59) o.d. in length, a slender cone (up to 10°) or cylinder, with basal diameter 0.25-0.33 that of knob, with a blunt closed tip and thick walls, with central canal sometimes extending but a short distance into its base. Wall exceptionally thick, very transparent, brownish in pedicel, with larger prisms 25-30 across upper part of bowl, much smaller in suboral zone and pedicel. Animal filling 0.5-0.6 of lorica, with 16 membranelles, 2 (4) large oval macronuclei, each 8 by 20/x, and 2 small spheroidal (8/x) micronuclei adjacent to macronuclei, attached deeply in pedicel. In two individuals a lateral peristome of the lower daughter of one dividing animal was visible, one of which had a single macronucleus 8 by 25(x, and the other 5, each 10 by 12/x, grouped in a slight spiral line, with one near each end of animal. Ten lorica? : L., total, 373-446 (406.7); bowl, 240-290 (261.4); pedicel, 76-133 (110.8); lance, 27-45 (34.1). D., lip, 70-80 (73.5); oral, 54-62 (57.3); midway, 44-62 (47.8); knob, 6-13 (11.0)/*. At 63 stations, viz., at 4, 3, 9, 3, 8, 5, 3, and 28, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 67-82 (75)°; 404 loricse. 26. XYSTONELLOPSIS Jorgensen Xystonellidse with an elongated, awl- or chalice-shaped lorica; oral margin thinned, sharp, entire, or dentate; suboral region with or with- out thickened zone; with band, 1 to 3 rings, or fenestrated zone; bowl KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 209 elongated, with upper and lower cones distinct, except in laticincta; distinct pedicel present, except in simpler species of Protoxystonellop- sis; skirt, or skirt and knob present, except in Protoxystonellopsis and Euxystonellopsis; aboral end terminating in a short lance; longitudinal structures, often spiraled, restricted to striae on lower end of pedicel and to mullions of Euxystonellopsis. Wall trilaminate, with the inner and outer lamella? feebly double-contoured, intermediate zone usually with one to several layers of prismatic alveoli; eupelagic, marine, in warm temperate and tropical seas. Type species was designated as Xystonellopsis paradoxa (Cleve) Jorg. by Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 238. Established by Jorgensen (1924), who segregated it from Brandt's (1906, 1907) Cyttarocylis (Xystonella) complex and from Undella on basis of thin circumoral lip and shape of bowl. He included Xystonellop- sis scyphium Jorg.; Xps. cymatica (which was Cyttarocylis [Xystonella] cymatica Bdt. [1906]) and its variety spicata ( = Xps. spicata [Bdt.] K. and C); Xps. paradoxa (Cleve) Jorg. originally described as an Undella by Cleve (1900d) and called Cyttarocylis ? (Xystonella) para- doxa by Brandt (1907); and Xps. brandti (Laack.) Jorg., originally called Undella hews var. c by Brandt (1906, 1907) ; Undella tenuirostris var. brandti by Laackmann (1909); and Xps.favata called Cyttarocylis ? (Xystonella) favata by Brandt (1907). We (1929) accepted Jorgensen's concept of the genus, included all his species, transferred the following from Undella (Xystonella) of Brandt (1907) : Xps. armata (Bdt.), Xps. dahli (Bdt.), Xp>s. hews (Cleve), Xps. krdmeri (Bdt.) called hews var. a krdmeri by Brandt, and Xps. tenuirostris (Bdt.); also transferred to Xystonellopsis from Brandt's (1906, 1907) Cyttarocylis (Xystonella) the following species: Xps. dicymatica (Bdt.), Xps. dilatata (Bdt.), Xps. hastata (Bied.) described as Tintinnus hastata by Biedermann (1893), Xps. ornata (Bdt.), Xps. pulchra (Kofoid) described by Kofoid (1905) as Cyttarocylis pulchra, and Xps. torta (Kofoid) described by Kofoid (1905) but reduced by Brandt (1907) to a variety of Cyttarocylis pulchra; and also transferred from Undella, Laackmann's (1909) Un- della hews var. gaussi as Xps. gaussi; and added 13 new species, 12 from Expedition collections and one, Xps. mascarensis, segregated from Laackmann's (1909) Xystonella dicymatica. Three new species are added in this Report, viz., parva, tropica, and turgida. The Xps. scyphus of Kofoid and Campbell (1929, pp. 246, 374) is a lapsus for Xps. scy- phium Jorgensen correctly cited on page 250, fig. 478, of our Con- spectus. Apparently an offshoot of Parundella. The subgenus Parundellopsis 210 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology which is near Parundella aculeata, and Protoxystonellopsis even more so, through its simplest species, Xps. pinnata, afford transitions be- tween the two genera. Xps. pinnata has minute prismatic structure, scarcely differentiated pedicel and lance, diffuse suboral thickening, and thin oral margin forming a lorica scarcely distinguishable from elongate loricae of Parundella such as P. longa and P. humerosa. The circumoral rim with its sigmoid outer slope and suboral ring are not unlike those of genera Amplectellopsis, Cricundella, and Undel- lopsis of the Undellidae, though the aboral differentiation in these genera is wholly different from that of the Xystonellidre. In its aboral struc- ture Xystonellopsis parallels Rhabdonellopsis of the Rhabdonellidee. It also shares the chalice-shaped lorica, but differs in having a sharp instead of a flat channeled circumoral margin and less development of the linear structures. Xystonellopsis represents in the Xystonellidte the apex of evolution in the family, as Rhabdonellopsis does in the Rhabdonellida?. It differs from Parundella in suboral development and pedicel, and from Xystonella in the circumoral margin. Xystonellopsis resembles Parafavella in its general chalice-shaped lorica, but has more elaboration of pedicel. It differs in development of skirt and knob, both wholly lacking in Parafavella. Circumoral teeth occur only in hastata, but are of general occurrence in Para- favella. Wall structure is strikingly similar in the two genera. Contains 34 species, of which 31 are in Expedition collections. Of the 34, 16 are new, 13 of which were described in our Conspectus (1929) and 3 in this Report, 15 of the 16 occurring in Expedition collections. Xystonellopsis contains eight subgenera. Because of the spread of characters and their complex permutations among the species it has seemed best for the present not to break the genus up into eight genera corresponding to these groups, among which the species known at present might be distributed, but rather to await later additions in order to determine more fully the content of these subdivisions and their interrelations, and to designate them now only as eight subgenera. PROTOXYSTONELLOPSIS subgen. nov. Loricse small and narrow, ranging from 154 to 24Sjit in length, and from 26 to 33, rarely 38 m, in o.d., stout awl-shaped; oral margin entire; oral rim feebly differentiated ; suboral thickening diffuse, ranging from a low ring to a scarcely differentiated band 0.75 o.d. in length; bowl distinctly separable into upper and lower parts; pedicel either very stout and long or rather slender; no skirt or knob; lance slender, thick- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 211 walled, with or without several alate fins. Rather close to Parundella, some of whose species have similar proportions, but have a thin-walled lance. Includes pinnata, parva sp. now, brandti, heroica, and constricta. Type species Xystonellopsis (Protoxystonellopsis) brandti from Mas- carene Current. PROXYSTONELLOPSIS subgen. nov. Lorica of medium size, 185-364ju, rarely smaller (120/z), as in scyphium, tall chalice-shaped, with bowl, pedicel, skirt, and lance clearly differentiated; oral margin entire or toothed; oral rim narrow, slightly developed; suboral thickened zone always present but not highly differentiated, ranging from a wide zone (0.5 o.d.) not strongly delimited aborally (favata) to a narrow, well defined suboral ring (crassispinosa) ; lower section of the bowl short and sharply set off from pedicel by abrupt change in slope; pedicel 1.0-1.6 o.d. in length, stout, with short striae ; skirt slightly flared in a feebly developed knob ; wall not heavily thickened in lower pedicel and skirt. Includes crassispinosa, cyclas, cymatica, favata, hastata, mascarensis, scyphium, spicata, and tenuirostris. Type species Xystonellopsis (Proxystonellopsis) cyclas K. and C. from Atlantic North Equatorial Current. PARAXYSTONELLOPSIS subgen. nov. Lorica elongated, slender, and large, 354-618ju in length; oral margin entire; suboral region wholly undifferentiated; bowl slender, narrowly conical, contracting below middle (except in heros) into wider-angled lower cone, passing into conical or cylindrical pedicel 1-2 o.d. in length; pedicel terminating in truncate skirt without flaring into a knob ; lance conical; spiral striae on pedicel. Includes dilatata, acuminata, armata, gaussi, dahli, heros, tropica sp. nov., and kr'dmeri. Type species Xyston- ellopsis (Paraxystonellopsis) acuminata K. and C. (1929, p. 239, fig. 482) from Sta. 4583 in California Current. XYSTONELLOIDES subgen. nov. Lorica large, 246-466 /i in length, full-bowled chalice-shaped; bowl usually forming about half the length; oral rim and suboral thickened zone well developed, the latter much thickened, with 2-4 more or less distinct and variable suboral rings; bowl sharply set off from pedicel; 212 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology pedicel long, subcorneal, or cylindrical; knob and skirt highly devel- oped ; short stripe present ; lance slender ; wall of lower pedicel thickened. Includes abbreviata, dicymatica, inmqucMs, laticincta, pulchra, and torta. Type species Xystonellopsis (Xystonelloid.es) pulchra (Kofoid) K. and C, from California Current off San Diego. Xystonelloides has both ends of the lorica highly differentiated and to comparable degrees. Except for a fenestrate suboral band in Euxys- tonellopsis, the highest evolutionary development of the suboral thickened zone occurs in this subgenus. This is true both of the total mass of lorica-forming material and of the specialized structures formed from it. The principle of metamerism, or repetition of parts, reaches its maximum expression in the Tintinnoinea in this subgenus. It is exhibited in the repetition of suboral bands from 1 to 4, with indications of even a fifth in torta; in repetition of skirts in laticincta, and in reduplication of pedicel in laticincta and pulchra. MACROXYSTOXELLOPSIS subgen. nov. Lorica very large, 323-388 fx; greatly elongated, very tall chalice- shaped; with upper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel, knob, and lance clearly differentiated; oral margin entire; oral rim developed; suboral thicken- ing present as a slightly diffuse ring; pedicel very long, duplicated in smaller diameter; no strise; knob quadrangular, duplicated below in smaller size; lance slender; wall greatly thickened in knob. Type and only species is Xystonellopsis (Macroxystonellopsis) clevei K. and C. in the Easter Island Eddy. Macroxystonellopsis is unique among the subgenera in reduplication of pedicel, but shares with Xystonellopsis reduplication of knob. Its suboral differentiation remainsat the low levelof specialization attained in Proxystonellopsis and Protoxystonellopsis. Reduplication of pedicel is foreshadowed in the constriction of the pedicel above the skirt in Xps. (Proxystonellopsis) cyclas and in Xps. (Xystonelloides) laticincta. XYSTOXELLOPSIS subgen. nov. Lorica of medium length, 182-229 n, stout, conical vase-shaped; oral margin entire; oral rim present; suboral thickened zone wide, not dis- tinctly annulate, not delimited posteriorly; bowl feebly differentiated into upper and lower sections, distinctly conical ; pedicel barely differ- entiated, striate; knob and skirt unusually wide, duplicated, secondary KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 213 knob smaller than primary; lance rather stout; wall structure delicate. Includes conicacauda and paradoxa (Clere) Jorgensen. The latter, from the Florida Current of the Atlantic, is the type species alike of genus and subgenus. The subgenus Xystonellopsis occupies a somewhat isolated position in the genus because its aboral region is both enlarged and highly differentiated, while its suboral region remains in a very primitive condition. It has an aboral enlargement comparable in volume to that in Euxystonellopsis, but its pedicel, skirt, knob, and lance are all differentiated and the skirt and knob are duplicated. In the last char- acteristic, Xystonellopsis is paralleled by Macroxystonellopsis, which duplicates the pedicel also. Its suboral zone remains in an undifferen- tiated state comparable to that in Proxystonellopsis. In the delicacy of the structure of its wall, it approaches but does not attain that in Euxystonellopsis. EUXYSTONELLOPSIS subgen. nov. Lorica moderately large, 200-269 ;u, stout, subconical (10°), vase- shaped, with distinct oral rim, suboral band, and bowl, but lower bowl, pedicel, knob, and lance more or less submerged in a massive aboral thickening; oral margin entire; oral rim thin; suboral band wide, with upper and lower rings and vertical or spiral bars separating thinner- walled fenestrse; bowl not divisible into upper and lower sections; massive aboral thickening representing the knob with trace of spiral moulding; no differentiated pedicel; lance stout; wall exceedingly deli- cate and translucent. Includes only Xystonellopsis (Euxystonellopsis) omata (Brandt), the type from Atlantic North Equatorial Current. PARUNDELLOPSIS subgen. nov. Lorica short goblet-shaped, 125-1 77/x in length; suboral region not thickened; bowl moderately tall, rather slender, slightly tapering goblet-shaped, the subcylindrical upper section merging gradually into the convex inverted conical lower one; pedicel distinct, short; knob slightly developed; skirt distinct; short striae present (in epigrus); lance slender; wall not thickened in pedicel. Includes epigrus and turgida sp. nov. Type species Xystonellopsis (Parundellopsis) epigrus K. and C. from Sta. 4734 in the Drift. 214 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Parundellopsis has an undifferentiated suboral region and stout lorica, as in the simpler species of Parundella, but in addition has the pedicel, skirt, and lance characteristic of Xystonellopsis. It differs from other subgenera, except Paraxystonellopsis, in absence of suboral thickening, and from that subgenus in short instead of elongated bowl. The globose pedicel in turgida is suggestive of the aboral contour in Parundella claims and P. aculeata. Xystonellopsis abbreviata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 22, figs. 3, 4, 9 Lorica small, triple-ringed, chalice-shaped, with bowl and pedicel subequal, slightly spreading skirt, and long, slender lance; 4.88-5.63 (5.28) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 2.68, 2.00, and 0.50 o.d. in length. Oral margin thin, rounded. Oral rim usually flaring (up to 10°), with concave outer and convex inner slope, 0.20-0.25 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone with 3 rings, 1.02-1.44 (1.24) o.d. in length, including somewhat less than upper half of upper bowl; its wall thickened in three subequidistant rings, lowermost usually largest, separation between uppermost and middle less deep than between middle and lowermost. In some lorica? 3 rings equally developed, in others (Plate 22, fig. 9) uppermost smallest and rather thin, in still others middle one almost suppressed, or merged in a general thickening of that region. No fourth ring has been found in this species, though suggestions of it appear in one lorica. Greatest diameter on rings 1.24- 1.37 (1.33) o.d. Bowl 0.5 t.l., with upper bowl subcylindrical, some- times a trifle constricted below suboral ring, 1.9-2.1 o.d. in length; lower bowl contracting rapidly in an inverted cone of 25-35°, 0.75-1.10 o.d. in length. Transition into pedicel gradual with some concavity. Pedicel elongate, changing from an inverted cone of up to 16° above to subcylindrical below, with slight constriction above skirt, its length and diameter 1.82-2.26 (2.03) and 0.20-0.26 (0.23) o.d., respectively. Skirt flaring below constriction to diameter of lower part of pedicel; rounded or angular, with or without 8 short, leiotropic ridges, extend- ing only to or across constriction. Lance slender, slightly tapering (5°), with or without basal flare, with occluded central canal, and rounded, closed tip, 0.44-0.85 (0.58) o.d. in length. Wall with same structure as in pulchra, its inner and outer lamellae more sharply de- fined in aboral region than orally. Prisms largest in lower part of sub- oral band and in two lower rings, 3-6 layers in suboral band and rings, 1, 3, and 1 in bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, fading out on base KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 215 of lance. Animal with 2 round macronuclei, each 15ju in diameter, and 14 membranelles. Eight loricae: L., total, 275-336 (295.1); suboral zone, 37-58 (45); pedicel, 100-136 (113.2); lance, 25^5 (32.2). D., oral, 51-60 (55.9); greatest diameter of rings, 70-82 (74.1); pedicel, 11-15 (13.1); skirt, 10-16 (13.2) ft. At 3 stations in California Current; at 69-83 (74.3)°; 10 loricse. Xystonellopsis acuminata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 21, fig. 13 Lorica stout awl-shaped, its lower half distinctly conical (15°), with bowl merging with pedicel, and skirt weakly developed; 5.62-6.00 (5.81) o.d., divisible into bowl, pedicel, skirt, and lance. Oral margin rounded. Oral rim not specialized beyond a slight flare due to thinning of convex inner slope. Bowl 0.65 t.l., with upper and lower cones not clearly delimited from each other; upper part convex subconical (0-4°), less than 0.5 t.l. in length; lower slightly concave conical (13-15°). Pedicel not differentiated from bowl by slope but by 8 low, dexiotropic surface lists, passing orally for 1.5 o.d. with not more than 100° revolu- tion. Skirt without flare, recess, or angles, squarely truncate, 0.13-0.16 (0.15) o.d. in diameter. Vertical lists present on one lorica, and another with a slight skirt had scarcely any lists. Lance slender, conical (10- 18°), 0.34-0.55 (0.41) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.2-0.4 its length, with narrow central canal. Wall of heavy inner and outer lamellae enclosing small, regular secondary polyhedral prisms, increas- ing in size in aboral region. Wall of bowl uniform in thickness, of several layers of prisms in upper bowl, a single layer in lower cone, thickening distally in skirt, with layers increasing to five. Prisms across one face are 150, 100, 26, and 34 at successive levels from oral to aboral end. Four loricse: L., total, 354^14 (383.2); to skirt, 320-382 (354.5); lance, 23-34 (28.8). D., oral, 63-69 (66.0); skirt, 9-11 (10)/*. At 3 stations, viz., at 2 and 1, respectively, in California and Mexi- can currents; at 76-83 (80.3)°; 3 loricse. Xystonellopsis armata (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Xystonella armata, Reichenow, 1927, p. 65, figs. 81, 4, 4a. The most striking features of this lorica are its very slender bowl and very stout pedicel; distinctly divided into bowl, pedicel, and lance; 216 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 6.1-8.1 (7.0) o.d. Oral margin rounded. Oral rim suggested by slight external thinning of wall. No localized suboral thickening; wall thick- est short distance below rim. Bowl 0.56-0.61 (0.59) t.l., 3.7-4.8 (4.1) o.d. in length, with distinct shoulder between upper and lower cones; the upper subconical (up to 5°), 0.75 length of bowl; the lower convex conical (15-23°) 1.0-1.5 o.d. in length. Transition into aboral horn abrupt, at a level a little below middle of lorica. Pedicel narrowly coni- cal (4°), flaring distally, with length and diameter 2.0-2.8 (2.4) and 0.29-0.40 (0.33) o.d., respectively. Skirt truncate, recessed, with short conical (up to 30°) expansion with 6-8 surface longitudinal lists passing upwards from skirt for 0.4-0.8 of length of pedicel, generally vertical, or with a slight spiral twist, leiotropic, except in two of Brandt's figures (pi. 43, figs. 6, 7) with a dexiotropic spiral. Lists formed by pro- jecting ridges of prismatic substance of wall, giving to pedicel a more cylindrical outline by masking its slight taper and feeble flare of skirt. Lower ends of lists form salient points at edge of skirt. Lance short, very stout, conical (34-40°), 0.34-0.62 (0.47) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.50-0.65 that of end of pedicel, and 0.45-0.80 its height, with tapering central canal to tip. Wall made up of minute, supposedly secondary prisms, forming hexagonal fields on surface, with usual sequence of dimensions reversed; instead of increasing in diameter orally, they become largest aborally; 3 layers in suboral region, 2 in bowl, 1 in pedicel, and 3-4 in skirt and lance; lists with 4-6 rows in radial direction; number across one face difficult to determine because of minute size, approximately 125-150, 50-60, 15, and 13 on upper end of bowl, top of pedicel, skirt, and base of lance, respectively. Laack- mann (1909, pi. 48, fig. 9) found 2 elongate macronuclei, 2 oval micro- nuclei, and 10 membranelles on one side. Ten lorica?: L., total, 392-456 (421.1); bowl, 230-274 (247); pedicel to lance, 132-169 (145.8); lance, 21-32 (28.3). D., oral, 60-88 (63.4); pedicel, 17-25 (20.2); skirt, 20-25 (22.5)/*. At 13 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 5, 1, and 4, respectively, in California, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-83 (72.9)°; 30 loricje. Xystonellopsis brandti (Laackmann) Jorgensen Plate 21, fig. 11 Lorica moderately stout, tapering chalice- or awl-shaped, with distinctions between bowl, pedicel, and lance indicated by contour changes; 6.13-6.63 (6.38) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 217 3.6, 1.64, and 1.18 o.d. in length. Oral margin bluntly rounded. Oral rim 0.35 o.d. in length, thick, with vertical or slightly flaring inner face and trace of concavity on otherwise convex outer slope. Suboral thickened zone 1.07-1.33 (1.24) o.d. in length, thinning out below, widest, 1.15-1.17 o.d., about middle. Bowl 0.51-0.60 (0.56) t.l., upper bowl (omitting thickened zone) an inverted cone of up to 5°, 0.7 length of bowl, scarcely set off from contracting, more convex conical (20-24°) lower bowl. Transition to aboral horn abrupt, with a sharp change in contour. Pedicel subconical (10°), 1.23-1.84 (1.64) o.d. in length, with upper diameter 0.39-0.62 (0.51) o.d., passing with a concave contrac- tion 0.25 o.d. in length into lance. Aboral horn 0.40-0.49 t.l., with pedi- cel and lance 0.6 and 0.4 its length, respectively. Lance an inverted cone of 10° or less, 0.97-1.39 (1.18) o.d. in length, continuing slope of lower pedicel, with narrow central canal beginning abruptly at upper end of constriction. Tip blunt, closed. Lists low, short, stout, spanning and masking constriction. Constriction homologous to lower surface of knob in other subgenera. Wall composed of small, regular secondary prisms, uniform in size at a given level, hexagonal, in radial positions in one layer, except in suboral zone with 2-3, and lance with 2-4; 45-50 across one face on suboral zone and 12 on upper end of lance; smaller in pedicel than upper part of bowl. Animal large, elongated, nearly filling bowl, with 16 membranelles. Six loricse: L., total, 184-210 (197.7); suboral zone, 32-43 (38.3); bowl, 102-125 (110.3); pedicel, 37-59 (50.7); lance, 32-43 (36.7). D., oral, 30-33 (31); suboral zone, 35-38 (36.3); constriction, 13-20 (15.7) M. At 12 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 9, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, and Drift; at 68-81 (76.7)°; 15 loricse. Xystonellopsis clevei Kofoid and Campbell Plate 20, figs. 6-8, 11, 12, 14, 15 Lorica greatly elongated with repeated pedicel and knob, very tall chalice-shaped, with bowl considerably shorter than combined pedi- cels, equaling larger primary pedicel in length, and very slender lance; 6.59-7.50 (7.26) o.d. Bowl, upper and lower pedicels, and lance, re- spectively, 2.9, 2.4, 1.3, and 0.4 o.d. in length. Oral margin broadly rounded. Oral rim vertical or little everted distally, deeply concave or obliquely angled (150°) outwardly, subvertical on inner slope, 0.16- 0.24 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone with single distinct ring, or wide flattened ring, or single ring followed by thickened band with 218 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology incipient ring in lower part, with maximum diameter 1.10-1.31 (1.25) o.d. and length not over 0.3 o.d. Bowl 2.65-3.23 (2.92) o.d. in length and 0.75 length of pedicel measured to skirt; upper bowl an inverted cone (4°) contracting abruptly at 2.0 o.d. below oral margin into lower bowl, an inverted cone (18-20°), 1.25-1.50 o.d. in length. Pedicel region differentiated into longer, wider upper or primary cylindrical pedicel, and shorter, narrower, thicker-walled lower or secondary one ; length and diameter of upper are, respectively, 2.25-2.67 (2.39) and 0.20-0.26 (0.24) o.d.; lower cylindrical above, becoming squarish towards knob, its length, measured to knob, and diameter, respectively, 1.31-1.85 (1.51) and 0.08-0.14 (0.10) o.d., flaring abruptly below. Knob a regular, four-sided, concave pyramid (40-50°) of unusual width, wider than upper section of pedicel, 0.39-0.49 (0.45) o.d. across long diagonal; duplicated, with lower end of primary knob abruptly truncate, 0.48 o.d. on one edge of skirt, smaller secondary knob, less perfect in outline, truncate distally, 0.35 o.d. on one edge, and some- times with one or more angles interpolated between four main ones, its diameter 0.6-0.8 that of upper knob, and its length not over 0.5 its diameter. Lance very slender, subcylindrical, with or without basal expansion, and occluded central canal, 0.26-0.49 (0.41) o.d. in length, and basal diameter 0.14-0.20 its length. In two loricse delicate, trans- lucent fins extended from tip of lance to each of the four angles (Plate 20, figs. 13, 14). Such fins on aboral horn are unusual in the Tintin- noinea, though very frequent in the dinophysoid Dinoflagellata. Their adaptive nature as rudders or vanes is suggested by their location, though their method of formation is indeed puzzling. There is no suggestion in the structure of these loriae of their extraneous origin. The nearest approach to such structures elsewhere are the distal prismatic vanes on the aboral horn in Favella kelgolandica and the alate lists in the subgenus Protoxystonellopsis, but the vanes in clrvei are thin and hyaline, not prismatic as in that subgenus. Wall (Plate 20, fig. 8) composed of regular prisms, uniform in size at a given level, the number of layers being much greater and size of prisms smaller in oral rim, suboral ring, and lower pedicel and knob than elsewhere; 8-10 layers of small prisms in suboral ring, 2-3 of larger ones in par- tially developed suboral band, 1 in bowl below ring, in upper pedicel, and in lance, 2-3 in lower pedicel, and 2-4 in knob; 75, 95, 32, 28, 16, 8 and 16-20 prisms across one face, respectively, on oral rim, suboral ring, upper and lower bowl, upper and lower pedicel, and knob. Nine loricse: L., total, 323-388 (353.6) ; bowl, 130-155 (142.4) ; upper section of pedicel, 98-130 (116.3); lower section, 64-89 (73.7); lance, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 219 18-24 (20.1). D., oral, 47-^9 (48.7); suboral diameter, 54-64 (60.8); knob, 19-24 (22.1); upper pedicel, 10-13 (11.9); lower pedicel, 4-7 (5.1) n. At 11 stations, viz., at 6 and 5, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 72-75 (73.6)°; 32 lorica*. Xystonellopsis conicacauda Kofoid and Campbell Plate 19, figs. 6, 10, 12 Lorica stout, elongate subcorneal, tall vase-shaped; 4.66-5.15 (4.98) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, knob, and lance, respectively, 3.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 o.d. in length. Oral region slightly everted. Oral margin rounded, thin. Oral rim subvertical on both faces, concave outwardly below, 0.25 o.d. in length. Suboral zone 0.7-1.0 o.d. in length, merging gradually both above and below into wall, greatest diameter (1.15 o.d.) usually nearer anterior margin; surface slightly undulating in two major and some- times several minor waves, a condition suggestive of incipient rings. Bowl not divisible into upper and lower cones, 0.82 t.L, or about 4.3 o.d., an inverted cone of 6-8° with straight sides, apart from suboral zone. Pedicel not sharply differentiated by surface structure, but dis- tinguished by increase in thickness of wall; not over 1.0 o.d. in length, with upper diameter 0.66-0.75 o.d. Primary knob an irregular trun- cated cone of 20-45°, bearing 4-12 linear, sinuous, or left-wound spiral ridges on its surface, flaring (20-75°) into upper recessed skirt, 1.0 o.d. in diameter. Knob duplicated, upper massive, with a heavy ledge-like skirt; lower one with scarcely projecting lower skirt, inverted sub- conical (22°), becoming subcylindrical below, with recessed but not flaring skirt. Diameters of upper and lower 0.90-0.98 (0.92) and 0.55- 0.60 (0.57) o.d., respectively, and distance between 0.36-0.60 (0.46) o.d. Surface of lower knob often with slight central bulge and constriction below it suggestive of an incipient tertiary knob ; one lorica with traces of superficial ridges on area between skirts. Lance low, massive, a per- fect cone (55°), 0.38 o.d. in length, with basal diameter a little less than, or equal to, its height, very thin-walled except (Plate 19, fig. 12) at its base, where its lumen joins the wide cavity of pedicel. Tip acute, closed. ^Yall composed of small primary prisms, no smaller ones having been seen by us within them; 1-2 layers in oral rim, 3-4 in suboral zone, 2 in conical shaft, 8-9 in upper knob, 5 in lower knob, and none in the very thin wall of the lance, it being formed by opposed inner and outer lamellae; 70 on one face across suboral zone, growing smaller by about 30% in oral rim above, somewhat smaller on conical shaft, larger in 220 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology lower part of pedicel, and smaller in lower knob. Wall thickest in sub- oral zone and pedicel, thinnest in cone. Six lorica?: L., total, 188-229 (204.3); to skirt, 155-174 (167.6); be- tween rings, 16-24 (19.0); lance, 14-16 (15.6). D., oral, 40-42 (41.0); suboral ring, 46-47 (46.8) ; upper skirt, 36-39 (37.8) ; lower skirt, 22-24 (23.4) n. At 13 stations, viz., at 3 and 10, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 68-81 (74.1)°; 15 loricse. Xystonellopsis const ricta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 21, figs. 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 15 Lorica exceedingly elongate, very thin-walled, subcylindrical, with long bowl, very long pedicel, and short conical lance; 7.18-9.07 (7.90) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance 3.88, 2.87, and 1.50 o.d. in length, re- spectively. Oral margin sharp. Oral rim thin, with outer sloping or concave face and inner flaring one, 0.18-0.30 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone relatively thin, 0.09-0.16 o.d., merging gradually into wall below, within 1.0 o.d. of rim. Greatest diameter of suboral zone 1.07-1.23 (1.11) o.d., located at upper margin. In loricse with thin sub- oral region localized suboral ring (in extreme form in Plate 21, fig. 5) 0.2 o.d. below rim. Bowl 0.5 t.l., or 3.61-4.52 (3.88) o.d. in length, with subcylindrical (3-5°) upper part, 2.75-3.25 o.d. in length, and inverted conical (17-25°) lower one, 0.33 length of upper, contracting for 1.0- 1.5 o.d. to pedicel. Aboral horn 0.50-0.63 t.l. Pedicel set off above by change in slope and below by deep constriction, subcylindrical, with slight concavity above, gentle expansion in lower third, rounding dis- tally in convex cone (35°) into deep constriction; its length and diam- eter 2.13-3.27 (2.86) and 0.55-0.69 (0.58) o.d., respectively. Zone of constriction 0.25-0.33 o.d. in length and 0.16 in least diameter. Conical contour of aboral region preserved by four vertical or slightly leiotropic prismatic lists 0.5 o.d. from upper limit of constriction to top of lance. Lance elongate, conical (8-15°), with upper end slightly swollen, 0.87- 1.41 (1.16) o.d. in length; basal diameter 0.20-0.33 o.d., with slender central canal occluded distally. Tip rounded, closed. Wall uniform in thickness, except in thickened suboral ring, region of constriction, and lance; of regular secondary prisms in single row of radial polyhedrons between thin inner and outer lamellse, except in suboral region (2-3 rows), constriction, and lance (2-5 rows); 42, 31, 24, 11, and 12 across one face on suboral zone, bowl below zone, pedicel, constriction, and upper end of lance, respectively, largest below zone, decreasing slightly KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 221 aborally, and smallest in lance. Animal small, filling less than 0.3 of lorica, with 2 spherical macronuclei 16/* in diameter, and numerous food bodies. Five loricae: L., total, 201-248 (224.2); bowl, 101-122 (110.2); pedi- cel, 68-98 (81.2); lance, 27-38 (32.8). D., oral, 26-31 (28.4); suboral zone, 30-33 (31.6); pedicel, 15-18 (16.6) fx. At 3 stations, viz., at 1 in Easter Island Eddy and 2 in Drift; at 72- 75°; 7 loricae. Xystonellopsis crassispinosa Kofoid and Campbell Plate 20, fig. 13 Lorica fairly elongate, stout chalice-shaped, with long stout pedicel, wide skirt, and stout conical lance; 5.3-5.6 o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 2.00-2.25, 0.8, 2.1-2.3, and 0.39- 0.55 o.d. in length. Oral margin thinned to a rounded edge. Oral rim slightly everted, 0.25 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone a distinct ring, expanding to 1.13-1.17 o.d. at 0.25 o.d. below rim, 0.33 o.d. in length, a round-angled flange around upper bowl. Bowl 0.5 t.L, with inverted upper cone (5-6°) 2.00-2.25 o.d. in length, lower an inverted cone of 22-25°, 0.8 o.d. in length. Transitions between upper and lower cones and lower cone and pedicel with sharp changes in contour. Pedi- cel very stout, distinctly cylindrical, 2.1-2.3 o.d. in length and 0.33- 0.38 o.d. in diameter. Skirt flaring, with diameter 1.4 that of pedicel, and lower truncate but not angled margin, with short striae on surface. Lance very stout, conical (19-28°), with basal diameter of 0.39-0.55 (0.50) its length, and tapering central canal. Tip acute, closed. Wall in suboral ring 0.16 o.d. in thickness, thinning gradually below to 0.05 on bowl and pedicel, thickening a short distance above knob to 0.10; of small secondary prisms between thin outer and inner lamellae, small- est in oral rim, suboral ring, and pedicel, 85 across suboral ring and 7-8 deep, largest, 32 across one face, below suboral ring, decreasing ab- orally, near knob and lance again large, a single layer below ring, and 2-3 in knob and lance. Two loricse: L., total, 244-265; bowl, 130-135; pedicel, 96-106; lance, 18-24. D., oral, 46-47; suboral zone, 52-55; midway, 25-26; pedicel, 15-18; skirt, 18ju- At 2 stations, 1 each in Galapagos Eddy and Drift; at 73-75°; 2 loricae. 222 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Xystonellopsis cyclas Kofoid and Campbell Lorica elongate, fairly stout chalice-shaped, with long, moderately stout, cylindrical pedicel, constriction above skirt, and long slender lance; 4.86-5.74 (5.35) o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel and lance, respectively, 2.4, 0.7, 1.7, and 0.8 o.d. in length. Oral margin thin, rounded. Oral rim slightly everted, 0.25 o.d. in length measured from thickest part of suboral thickening. Suboral thickened zone prominent, a distinct ring generally widening to a broader, posteriorly less sharply defined band; with greatest diameter 1.10-1.21 (1.15) o.d. and length up to 0.5 o.d. Bowl 1.75-2.25 o.d. in length with gradual transition of upper into lower bowl; upper subcorneal (5-8°), increasing a little above middle of lorica to 25-32° in lower bowl, 0.5-1.5 o.d. in length. Pedicel stout, almost cylindrical, 1.63-2.05 (1.85) o.d. in length and 0.20-0.33 (0.29) o.d. in diameter, immediately above skirt constricting to 0.75 diameter of skirt, and swelling slightly above constriction. Skirt 1.0-1.4 diameter of pedicel with undulating margin, recessed lower surface, and 8 short stride less than diameter of pedicel in length passing orally from edge of skirt. Lance slender conical (25°) in basal 0.25-0.33, distally cylindrical for 0.48-0.68 (0.57) o.d., basal diameter 0.16-0.30 length, with central canal almost occluded below basal cone, in most of our lorica? much more slender than in Brandt's lorica (pi. 45, fig. 1). AVall of secondary prisms between very thin double-contoured outer and inner lamellae, smallest in oral rim, suboral ring, and pedicel, 85 across one face on suboral ring and 7-8 rows deep, largest, 32 across one face, below suboral zone, decreasing aborally to skirt and lance, enlarging there, in 1 layer below ring, increasing to 2-3 in skirt and lance. Animal with 2 tiny globular macronuclei, each 8/x in diameter. Seven lories: L., total, 238-250 (243.4); oral rim to skirt, 212-224 (217.1); pedicel, 79-90 (84.1); lance, 20-31 (25.8). D., oral, 42-49 (45.5); suboral zone, 51-55 (52.1); midway, 20-28 (24.3); pedicel, 10-15 (13.3); skirt, 14-17 (15.4) fx. At 15 stations, viz., at 2, 3, 1, 2, and 7, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Panamic Area, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift; at 70-81 (74.7)°; 34 loricie. Xystonellopsis cymatica (Brandt) Jorgensen emended Kofoid and Campbell Lorica slender, tapering chalice-shaped with long, conical pedicel, and long thin lance; 4.24^4.90 (4.60) o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 2.0, 0.8, 1.4, and 0.6 o.d. in length. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 223 Oral margin rounded. Oral rim everted, thinning with concave outer slope, inner flaring 10°, 0.25 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone varying from a well defined, prominent annular ridge, sharply set off below, to a thinner, wider zone 0.6-0.8 o.d. in length and 1.08-1.18 (1.13) o.d. in maximum diameter, similar to that of spicata. Bowl 0.58 t.l., with upper and lower cones distinct, upper (4-6°) 2.0-2.5 o.d. in length, lower (30°) 0.6-0.8 o.d., with gradual transition near middle of lorica. Pedicel thin-walled, conical (7-9°), with length and di- ameter, respectively, 1.02-1.43 (1.21) and 0.20-0.25 (0.22) o.d. Skirt slight, not recessed below, scarcely flaring, without stria? above, with few or no undulations in margin. Lance evenly conical (8°), 0.52-0.76 (0.64) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.15-0.30 its length, with conical canal. Tip acute, closed. Wall 0.10-0.16 o.d. in thickness in suboral zone, thinning down in bowl to 0.02-0.03 in pedicel, thickening to 0.06-0.10 in skirt, and very thin in lance, consisting of very thin inner and outer lamella?, enclosing one or more layers of fine secondary prisms, 3-5 in suboral zone, 2-1 in bowl below, 1 in pedicel, and up to 6 in skirt. Wall structureless in lance. Prisms symmetrical, verv uni- form at each level, largest below suboral zone, decreasing in size, both orally and aborally, to 0.5 and 0.3 of their greatest size, 45 across one face below suboral thickening. Animal quite large, with 2 irregular macronuclei. Ten lorica?: L., total, 211-235 (221.1); bowl to skirt, 178-206 (189.7); pedicel, 50-70 (58.0); lance, 24-36 (30.8). D., oral, 45-51 (48.0) ; suboral zone, 51-59 (54.0) ; midway, 29-34 (31.7) ; pedicel, 9-11 (10.3); skirt, 9-13 (11.6)/*. At 29 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 2, 4, 1, and 17, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-87 (73.9)°; 73 loricse. Xystonellopsis dahli (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica elongated, slender awl-shaped, with divisions into bowl, pedicel, skirt, and lance feebly developed, skirt indicated only by cessation of stria? and slight change in contour; 6.53-7.29 (6.77) o.d. Lorica a cone of 9°; bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 5.0, 1.0 and 0.5 o.d. Oral rim thinning abruptly without flare. Oral margin rounded. No suboral thickening. Bowl 0.75 t.l., with upper and lower cones merging gradually; upper part subcylindrical, with a little taper, 0.5 total length of bowl; lower an inverted cone of 18-22°, 1.50 o.d. in length. Transition into aboral horn abrupt. Pedicel cylindrical 224 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology or subcorneal, 1.0-1.5 o.d. in length, and 0.22 in diameter, sometimes deflected from vertical, with 6-8 low prismatic lists, passing orally for 1.2-1.6 o.d. in vertical or right- or left-wound spiral direction, and with not more than 160° of revolution, in slight spirals, direction often reversed within its course. Aboral termination of lists marks skirt and transition to lance. Lance conical (12-15°), 0.42-0.63 (0.53) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.25 its length, with tapering central canal to tip. Wall of heavy, homogeneous inner and outer lamella? enclosing small, regular secondary prisms, larger in aboral region. Wall of bowl 0.03 o.d. in thickness, made up of 2-3 layers of prisms, with single layer in lowermost part of lower cone, rapidly thickening to 0.6 in aboral region, with up to 5 layers of prisms. Lists formed by 4-5 super- posed rows. Prisms at any level quite uniform, hexagonal in surface view, and elongated in section as though under stress in aboral region; 150, 100, 30, and 32 on successive levels* of bowl to its aboral end. Animal with 2 oval macronuelei, 10 by 20 /x, and 2 oval micronuclei, 8 by 15iz, 1 adjacent to each macronucleus. Ten loriae: L., total, 396-430 (413.6); to skirt, 368-400 (381.5); lance, 28-36 (32.1). D., oral, 59-62 (60.1); skirt, 7-9 (8.1) /x. At 12 stations, viz., at 1, 2, 1, 2, and 6, respectively, in Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 66-82 (72.9)°; 23 loricse. Xystonellopsis dicymatica (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Xps. dicymatica, K. and C, 1929, p. 245, non fig. 467; see Xps. insequalis. Lorica elongate, double-ringed chalice-shaped, with short bowl, narrow suboral band with two equal suboral rings, and a long pedicel; 4.9-5.4 o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance are, respectively, 2.8, 2.2, and 0.54 o.d. in length. Oral margin thin, sharp. Oral rim slightly everted, deeply concave outer slope and convex flaring (up to 12°) inner one, 0.20-0.22 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone bounded by upper and lower rings of equal diameter, 1.24-1.34 o.d. in diameter, each with a broadly rounded or acute rim. Suboral zone, measured to upper and lower edges of two rings, respectively, 0.60-0.68 o.d. in length, 0.20- 0.22 in thickness on rings, and 0.10-0.12 between them, being nearly twice as thick as bowl below. Bowl shorter than pedicel and lance, giving a distinctly top-heavy appearance to lorica, forming 0.6 t.l. Upper bowl 1.7-2.0 o.d. in length, an inverted cone of 5-9°; lower 0.8- 0.7 o.d. in length, an inverted cone of 35-40°. Pedicel slightly tapering, a concave, truncated, inverted cone of 12° above, decreasing to cylinder KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 225 below, and contracting from 0.35-0.45 o.d. at upper end to 0.12-0.16 at lower; 2.2-2.4 o.d. in length. Knob quadrangular, 0.22-0.26 o.d. in diameter, flaring (30°) abruptly, recessed, with four ridges passing up- ward from rounded angles on its edge, giving to it the form of a four- sided pyramid. Lance slender, attenuate, 0.5-0.6 o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.2 its length, with conical canal to aciculate closed tip. Wall with well defined, double-contoured inner and outer lamellae; enclosing symmetrical prisms uniform in size at a given level, forming in surface view regular hexagons 35-40 across one face in suboral zone, decreasing but little towards oral rim and in periphery of rings, and much more slowly aborally in bowl than in inoequalis, gradually re- ducing toward and in pedicel to half diameter in zone, increasing again slightly in knob, but not visible in lance where the two lamellae fuse; 5-6 layers in rings, 1 in bowl, 2-4 in pedicel, and 6-8 in knob. Lower end of pedicel yellowish. Lorica delicate, easily distorted. Animal with 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei. Three loricae: L., total, 246-270; zone, 30-34; pedicel to lance, 110— 120; horn, 25-30. D., oral, 50; upper ring, 62-67; pedicel, 6-8; skirt, 11-13/*. In our Conspectus (1929) we used by oversight for this species a figure (fig. 467) which belongs to Xps. inoequalis instead of this species. This lorica has wide lower shelf characteristic of inoequalis; a better, typical figure of dicymatiea is found in Brandt (pi. 46, fig. 1), in which the two rings are equal and closer together than in inoequalis. At 6 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 1, and 2, respectively, in Mexican and .South Equatorial currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 75-84 (77.2)°; 10 loricae. Xystonellopsis epigrus Kofoid and Campbell Plate 18, figs. 5, 9, 14 Lorica subconical (18°), slender goblet-shaped, with distinct bowl, knob, skirt, and lance; 2.80-2.87 o.d. Oral margin narrow, blunt. Oral rim undifferentiated, with abrupt distal flare (15°). Bowl forming 0.73 t.L, or 2.05-2.15 o.d. in length, elongate goblet- or stout bullet- shaped, with upper 0.6 convex subcylindrical and lower 0.4 convex coni- cal (43°), passing with reversal of curvature into short stout knob, with- out clearly defined intervening pedicel. Knob truncate subconical (10°), 0.21-0.25 o.d. in length, and 0.25 and 0.18, respectively, in diameter at upper and lower ends; truncate distally, not recessed, bearing on its surface 8 faintly developed left -wound lists, terminating below in slight 226 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology angles on skirt. Lance a slender, thin-walled cone (7°), 0.5 o.d. in length, flaring (35°) at base, with wide central canal continued from expansion in knob. Tip sharp, closed. Wall thin, 0.025-0.040 o.d., not thickened in suboral region, uniform throughout bowl to knob, doub- ling in thickness in knob, becoming very thin on lance; of thin, clearly double-contoured inner and outer lamellae enclosing single layer of minute primary prisms, 50 across one face of bowl in widest part. Two lorieae : L., total, 123-126; bowl, 90-94; knob, 9-1 1 ; lance, 22-23. D., oral, 44; skirt, 8/z. At 2 stations, 1 each in the Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 75-81°; 2 loricse. Xystonellopsis fa v ata (Brandt) Jorgensen Plate 22, fig. 13 Lorica tapering, tall chalice-shaped, with short slender pedicel, slight skirt, and slender, tapering lance; 4.07-4.40 (4.22) o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 2, 1, 1, and 0.5 o.d. in length. Oral margin sharp. Oral rim thin, with concave outer and flaring (6°) inner slope, 0.15 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone not concentrated in ring, expanding to 1.04-1.06 o.d. at 0.23-0.33 o.d. below rim, thinning gradually within 0.50-0.75 o.d. below ring. Bowl 3.6-4.2 o.d. in length, or 0.83-0.91 t.l., with upper section inverted cone of 9-10°, and lower inverted concave one of 25-35°, with abrupt tran- sition. Pedicel cylindrical, 1.0-1.5 o.d. in length, and 0.13-0.20 o.d. in diameter; with 3-5 short, left-wound strise progressing orally from edge of skirt for a distance less than its diameter. In one lorica (Plate 22, fig. 13) whole pedicel with a left tortion of nearly three turns within a distance of 0.75 o.d. above skirt. Skirt without flare or recess. Lance very slender, inverted conical (10°), sharp-pointed, thin-walled, 0.47 o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.50-0.75 that of skirt, and conical central canal below slight bulge in skirt. Wall in feebly developed sub- oral zone has nearly 2, and in pedicel 2-3 times, thickness elsewhere. Composed of very delicate, double-contoured inner and outer lamellae, and an intervening layer of exceedingly fine, uniform, faint primary prisms, 2-6 layers in thickness, and 150 across one face of suboral zone. Animal in lorica from Sta. 4742, after staining in borax-carmine, showed 2 large oval macronuclei, each 10 by 18/x, 2 oval micronuclei, each 4 by 8yu, and 24 membranelles. Ten lorica?: L., total, 228-298 (250.5) ; bowl, 200-272 (222.7) ; lance, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 227 26-30 (27.8). D., oral, 55-64 (59.3); suboral zone, 58-67 (63.2); pedicel, 8-11 (9.4); skirt, 8-12 (9.8) /x. Six loricae from 69-72° measure 242-298 ju, and four from 75-81° are 228-260/x. Long-pediceled loricae vary toward tenuirostris . At 32 stations, viz., at 2, 7, 2, 2, 1, and 18, respectively, in California, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 66-81 (73.5)°; 72 loricae. Xystonellopsis gaussi (Laackmann) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica stout, subconical; 5.62 (Laackmann's fig. 24, 6.58) o.d.; fairly well divided into bowl, pedicel, skirt, and lance. Oral margin rounded. No oral rim or suboral zone. Bowl 0.72-(0.75) t.l., 4.1- (4.7) o.d. in length, with upper slightly convex subconical (3°) region 0.66 length of bowl, and lower inverted cone (20°) 1.0 o.d. in length, merging into aboral horn. Pedicel cylindrical below, 0.6-1.0 o.d. in length and 0.18-0.27 o.d. in diameter. Skirt squarely truncate, without expansion, bearing on its surface 6-7. leiotropic, low, sometimes inter- rupted prismatic lists, extending from lower bowl aborally on pedicel to skirt. Lance slender conical (15°), 0.44-0.62 o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.33 its length, with conical central canal to closed tip. Wall uniform throughout bowl, composed of equal homogeneous inner and outer lamellae enclosing small, regular secondary prisms, 0.05-0.07 o.d. in thickness, containing several layers of prisms, doubling in thickness on pedicel. L., total, 371; to skirt, 342; lance, 29. D., oral, 66; pedicel, 12; at skirt, 11/x. At Sta. 4574 in California Current; at 69°; 1 lorica. Xystonellopsis hastata (Biedermann) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 22, figs. 2, 7, 8 Lorica one of largest in genus, stout, widely conical chalice-shaped, with long lower bowl, short pedicel, slight skirt, and short narrow lance; 3.57-4.16 (3.99) o.d. L^pper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 2.0, 0.4, 1.5, and 0.5 o.d. in length. Oral margin with 24-32 acute, subequal, vertical, uniform, nearly equidistant teeth with length from 0.04 to 0.08 o.d. in different loricae. Oral rim slightly everted, with concave outer slope and locally flaring (10°) inner, 0.2 o.d. in length. Suboral zone thinning down gradually aborally, subject to local irregularities even a shallow middle trough; 0.35-0.50 o.d. in length, and 0.12-0.16 in thickness. Bowl 0.55 total length, with dis- 228 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology tinct shoulder between upper and lower parts ; upper an inverted cone of 10°, 2.0 o.d. in length; lower an inverted cone of 25-30°, 1.25-1.50 o.d. in length. Transition to pedicel gradual. Pedicel short, thicker- walled, even into base of lower cone, cylindrical below, flaring slightly in knob. Length of thick-walled pedicel and skirt 0.5-0.8, rarely 1.0, and its narrowest diameter, 0.15-0.20 o.d.; surface with 6-8 leiotropic striae 0.5-0.8 o.d. in length, passing orally from edge of skirt. Skirt flaring to 0.18-0.27 (0.22) o.d., bearing at its edge stout undulations where stria? terminate, cupped below. Lance narrow cylindrical, 0.38- 0.46 (0.41) o.d. in length, basal diameter 0.50-0.68 of knob, base flaring in a short inverted cone (30°), with fine central canal continued from expansion in skirt. Wall of very heavy, equal inner and outer lamellae, fusing in oral rim, teeth, and thin wall of lance; separated by one or more layers of secondary prisms, 1 layer in greater part of lorica. 2 in thickest part of suboral zone. At least 3 layers in pedicel and knob. Prisms minute in oral rim, largest in suboral zone, 35 across one face of zone, increasing to 70 below, rapidly diminishing in distinctness, dis- appearing in lower part of cone even at a magnification of 1500 diam- eters, growing larger again in thick wall of pedicel to size of those in lower edge of suboral zone, and wholly disappearing in lance. Animal with 2 macronuclei, only 6 by 8/jl, near upper end of body on opposite sides. Ten lorica?: L., total, 214-266 (238.3) ; bowl, 190-242 (213.9); lance, 22-26 (24.4). D., oral, 56-65 (59.7) ; suboral zone, 62-73 (68.4) ; skirt, 11-16 (13.1)m- Length of lorica at lower temperatures (75° and below) is greater (240 fj.) than at higher ones (230/x). At 23 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 5, 1, 2, 2, and 11, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-83 (74.3)°; 59 lorica?. Xystonellopsis heroica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 21, figs. 1, 2 Lorica very elongate, slender, subcylindrical above and tapering conical below, consisting of bowl and horn; 6.21-7.39 (6.72) o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, and lance 3, 2, and 2 o.d. in length, respec- tively. Oral margin rounded, fairly thin. Oral rim with a concave sigmoid outer face, slightly flaring inner one, length 0.25 o.d. Suboral thickening very slight, increasing 50% at greatest diameter over wall below, 1 o.d. in length, gradually fading out aborally, with greatest KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 229 diameter (1.07-1.10 o.d.) near upper margin. Bowl 0.6 t.l., 4.26-4.74 (4.58) o.d. in length, subcylindrical above, widest, except for suboral zone, 1.03-1.10 (1.07) o.d., a little below middle with a wide zone of slight constriction above; consisting of upper subcylindrical part and inverted conical (24-28°) lower 0.4 length of bowl, with abrupt transi- tion into lance. Aboral horn consisting of undifferentiated lance only. No pedicel or constriction. Lance subcylindrical, 1.72-2.68 (2.16) o.d. in length or 0.3 t.l., tapering (10°) in its distal 0.25-0.33, with basal diameter 0.08-0.16 of its length, thick-walled, with conical lumen in uppermost 0.3, and slender canal below to end. Tip rounded, closed. No lists. Wall thin, except in suboral region, hyaline, with homoge- neous, thick inner and outer lamella? enclosing minute primary prisms of regular form and uniform size, except for larger ones in horn, in 2 layers in suboral region, 1 in bowl, and 2-3 in upper part of lance, dis- tinguishable in lower part of lance, and very faint elsewhere, elongated vertically in lance, recalling enlarged elongated prisms of knob of hews. Ten loricae: L., total, 174-218 (190.8); bowl, 115-147 (130.2); horn, 50-75 (61.6). D., oral, 26-31 (28.4) ; greatest, 28-32 (30.5); horn, 5-10 (7.3) M. At 18 stations, viz., at 2, 3, 2, 1,3, 1, and 6, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-85 (77.6)°; 32 loricEe. Xystonellopsis heros (Cleve) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica simple conical (6°), greatly elongated, without flare in skirt; aboral horn slender; 8.25 o.d. Oral margin flattened, without rim, flare, or suboral zone. Bowl not clearly differentiated from pedicel, 7.65 o.d. in length to skirt, with no marked change in slope. Pedicel feebly suggested by slight increase in taper and thickness of wall within 1.0 o.d. of lower end. Skirt not flaring or recessed, with rounded edge, 0.25 o.d. in diameter. Aboral horn an inverted cone (5°), 0.56 o.d. in length, sometimes curved, with central canal closing distally. Tip blunt. Lists low, restricted to lower 0.27 of combined bowl and pedicel, 4-5 on one side, not spiraled, but sometimes anastomosing. Wall sub- uniform in thickness throughout, with slight increase towards oral margin and more in pedicel; composed of equal, heavy, double-con- toured inner and outer lamellae enclosing 2-3 layers of fine prisms. Animal filling 0.7 of bowl, with 2 spheroidal macronuclei. L., total, 450; bowl, 428; aboral horn, 32. D., oral, 58; skirt 16; base of horn, 8/jl. 230 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology At Sta. 4679 in Drift; at 69°; 1 lorica. Other records probably in- eluded with those of tropica. Xystonellopsis injequalis Kofoid and Campbell Xps. dicymatica, K. and C, fig. 467, non p. 245. Lorica elongate, fairly stout, bordered chalice-shaped, with short bowl, two suboral rings, long, very slender pedicel, narrow knob, and slender lance; 4.63-5.76 (5.25) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, re- spectively, 2.4, 2.3, and 0.51 o.d. in length. Oral margin thin, rounded. Oral rim everted (up to 150°), with concave outer and vertical or convex inner slope, 0.16-0.20 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone with two distinct rings, with broad region between of more than usual thickness, with length from ring to ring of 0.6S-1.86 (0.73) o.d., and diameters of upper and lower rings, respectively, of 1.24-1.32 (1.28) and 1.32-1.56 (1.40) o.d.; with thickness of wall between rings 0.09- 0.18 o.d., often increasing aborally, and subject to local irregularities. Bowl nearly equal in length (2.5-3.0 o.d.) to pedicel and lance, upper conical section 1.5-2.0 o.d. in length, an inverted cone of 5-18°, passing abruptly into lower inverted conical (38-50°) section, 1.00- 0.55 o.d. in length. Pedicel extraordinarily long, 1.85-2.73 (2.31) o.d., and slender, 0.09-0.18 (0.14) o.d. in diameter, tapering distally slightly throughout 0.3-0.4 to 0.13-0.18 o.d. Knob squarish, recessed, spread- ing in four salient, acute, or rounded angles, with slight ridges running orally for a short distance upon pedicel, in a left-wound spiral, or vertical. Diameter of knob 0.15-0.27 (0.23) o.d. and its angle 20°. Lance slender, attenuate, 0.37-0.67 (0.51) o.d. in length, basal di- ameter 0.20-0.25 length, with conical canal to closed tip. Wall thickest in lower suboral ring almost uniform in bowl below, thickening gradu- ally in pedicel, especially in lower end and knob, but very thin in lance; composed of double-contoured inner and outer lamellae enclos- ing prisms uniform and regular at a given level, but largest in upper end between rings, 25 across one face; decreasing a little towards oral rim, and very rapidly on bowl and pedicel to one-third their diameter above, increasing again slightly on knob, and disappearing wholly in thin-walled lance; 4 layers in upper ring, 4-6 in lower, 2 in upper bowl, increasing to 3 in pedicel and 3-5 in knob. Animal with 2 macronuclei, each 8 ij. in diameter. Another one had 7 round macronuclei of the same size and shape, and may have been a post-conjugant or endomic- tic individual. Ten loricae: L., total, 246-305 (273.1); zone, 34^3 (38.1); pedicel, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 231 98-142 (120.2); lance, 19-34 (26.7). D., oral, 48-54 (52.0); upper ring, 62-70 (66.7); lower ring, 64-80 (72.6); pedicel, 5-9 (7.3); knob, 8-14 (12.0) m. In our Conspectus we (1929, p. 240) inadvertently included as the type figure of dicymatica (fig. 467) a lorica which belongs to inoequalis (fig. 466). Both of these lorica? (fig. 466 of inoequalis and fig. 467 used in error for dicymatica) have the wide lower ring characteristic of inoequalis. At 21 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 2, and 17, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (73.7)°; 60 loricse. Xystonellopsis krameri (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica extremely elongated, attenuate awl-shaped, feebly differen- tiated into bowl and pedicel, with trace of skirt between pedicel and lance; 7.76-8.83 (8.28) o.d. Oral margin thin, rounded. Oral rim thinning down for short distance, with concave outer and flaring (up to 12°) inner slope. Bowl 0.22 t.l., with upper inverted, slightly convex subconical (1-2°) section, 4.0-4.5 o.d. in length, and lower inverted concave conical (10-15°) one, 1.8-2.0 o.d. in length, with gradual transition into horn. Aboral horn 1.75 o.d. in length. Pedicel sub- conical (up to 7°), 1.25-1.50 o.d. in length, and 0.25-0.45 o.d. in diameter. Lists 5-8, more or less interrupted, often spiral (left- or right- wound), with not to exceed 90° of revolution, except in one lorica with nearly 2 complete revolutions, formed by low, thin, pris- matic ridges extending from skirt orally for 1.0-2.3 o.d. Skirt narrow, not flaring, slightly angular, not recessed, with basal diameter slightly exceeding that of lance. All gradations from a trace to a well defined but narrow skirt appear in our loricse. Lance a cone of 10-18° with blunt tip, 0.36-0.52 (0.45) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.33-0.50 length and conical central canal occluded in its distal half. Wall very thin, composed of the two homogeneous lamella? enclosing very small, regular secondary prisms, becoming larger aborally near lance. Wall in bowl composed of 3 layers of prisms above, and of 2 layers only in lower end of lower cone, thickening distally in knob to 5 layers of prisms. Lists formed by 5-6 superimposed rows of prisms. Prisms of any given level uniform in size, hexagonal in surface view, and elon- gated vertically in aboral horn; 150, 100, 26, and 40 prisms on suc- cessive levels of bowl. Animal large, with 2 oval macronuclei 8 by 16ju, with a small micronucleus adjacent to each. 232 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Eight lories: L., total, 535-618 (575.7); to skirt, 503-578 (544.1); lance, 25-40 (31.6). D., oral, 67-73 (69.5) ; pedicel, 12-21 (16.5); skirt, 7-14 (11.6) m. At 13 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 4, and 6, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 67-77 (71.9)°; 19 loricse. Xystonellopsis laticincta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 20, fig. 9; Plate 22, figs. 5, 6, 12 Lorica elongate, broadly banded chalice-shaped, with bowl and horn subequal, primary and secondary or even tertiary skirts, and a very short, sharp lance; 6.37-7.00 (6.75) o.d. Bowl, upper and lower pedicels, and lance, respectively, 2.9, 1.9, 1.47, and 0.4 o.d. in length. Oral margin thick, rounded. Oral rim concave outwardly, or even peripherally everted, convex internally, 0.18-0.25 o.d. in length. Sub- oral zone heavy, thick-walled, with prominent upper, and less prom- inent lower, suboral ring; 0.88-1.09 o.d. in length, with diameters on upper and lower rings 1.24-1.42 (1.35) and 1.16-1.30 (1.22) o.d., respectively, with interannular zone convex outwardly, as wide as rings, wider above, slightly concave below. Upper bowl below band tapering slightly, an inverted convex cone of 5°, 2.0 o.d. in length including suboral zone, contracting more rapidly into inverted convex conical (35-40°) lower bowl, 1.0 o.d. in length, passing gradually into pedicel, 1.75-2.00 o.d. below zone. Distance from oral rim to transition into pedicel equaling that from this level to skirt. Pedicel duplicated in two distinct subcylindrical parts, an upper wider section, 0.25 o.d. in diameter and 1.51-2.00 o.d. in length, and a narrower, concave, less uniform section, 0.12 o.d. in diameter, with length to skirt as little as 0.9, but generally 1.39-1.51 (1.45), o.d.; flaring abruptly into knob. Knob very large, angled, with upper primary skirt with 4-9 projecting angles with reentrant bays between, with sharp-edged, non-spiral wings ascending lower segment of pedicel for a short distance, with diameter at skirt 0.47-0.52 o.d., and angle of 45°. Knob curiously repeated in smaller, secondary, lower section with similar angles, and in one lorica there are two such repetitions of these angular, recessed, skirt-like projections. Lance short, inverted conical (10°), less than diameter of knob, or 0.41-0.52 (0.43) o.d. in length, with occluded central canal continued from expansion in knob. Tip closed, rounded. Wall with thin inner and outer lamella? enclosing regular prisms of uni- form size at given levels, 10 layers in oral rim, 3 in suboral zone, 1 in KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 233 lower bowl, upper pedicel, and lanee, 2-4 in lower pedicel, and 3-5 in knob, 80-90, 32, 26, 20, 9, and 20-28 across one face on oral rim, sub- oral band, upper bowl and lower bowl, upper pedicel, lower pedicel, and knob, respectively. Those in oral rim extraordinarily small, with abrupt transition to larger prisms in zone. Five loricfe: L., total, 306-343 (324.0) ; bowl, 135-138 (141.2) ; upper pedicel, 85-101 (92.8); lower pedicel, 68-77 (70.0) ; lance, 18-26 (20.8). D., oral, 46-51 (48.0); upper ring, 62-66 (64.7); lower ring, 56-60 (58.7); skirt, 23-26 (24.2); upper pedicel, 11-13 (12.0); lower pedicel, 5-7 (6.0) ju- At 6 stations, in Drift; at 72-82 (76.4)°; 7 loricse. Xystonellopsis ornata (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica stout, subcorneal (10°), vase- or tall goblet-shaped, with a much swollen aboral end, locally thick-walled, but very delicate and translucent; 3.55-4.82 (4.17) o.d. Oral margin thin, sharp. Oral rim 0.14-0.20 o.d. in length, deeply concave outer and vertical inner face. Suboral zone broad, 1.16-1.50 (1.35) o.d. in length, formed by thicken- ing of wall, with upper and lower marginal annular ridges, or rings, triangular in cross section ; upper ridge smaller, concave above and less so on its lower surface; lower about twice size of upper, concave on lower surface and plane and oblique above. Wall between two rings thicker than above or below zone. Lower ridge (1.32-1.48 o.d.) often somewhat wider than upper (1.16-1.32), so that zone is contained in segment of cone 15-20°. Connecting the two rings are 9-13 thin, vertical ridges, or wings, with straight, sinuous, or traces of a left spiral direction, sometimes distended outwardly in their middle. Bowl below zone not readily separable into typical upper and lower sections, coni- cal (15-22°), 1.5-2.0 o.d. in length, and 0.66-0.75 o.d. at level of enlarged, thicker-walled aboral region, whose length, including lance, is 0.37-0.40 t.l. or 1.3-2.0 o.d., and greatest diameter 0.5-0.8 o.d. Thick-walled section representing lower end of bowl, pedicel, knob, skirt, and lance of Xystonelloides; irregularly conical (up to 10°) above, with undulating outline due to irregularities in thickness, faintly suggesting presence in the contour of several turns of left -wound spiral, but with no trace of spiral lamina or lists. Lorica contracting below this section in inverted irregular cone (45-50°) 0.50-0.65 o.d. in length, with change of slope to lance. Lance short, stout, subconical (20-30°), blunt, not over 0.5 o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.5-1.0 its length, with median inflation of central canal, sometimes irregular in contour, 234 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology always closed at tip. Wall remarkably translucent and delicate, so much so that lorica is easily overlooked unless illumination of field is cut down; consisting of regular prisms, 1 layer in rim, 4 in upper, and 8, becoming smaller peripherally, in lower ring, 2 in suboral zone, 1 of large prisms for up to 0.5 o.d. below lower ring in bowl, 2 of small prisms in bowl below, increasing from 2 to 12 in thick-walled aboral section and 6-2 in lance. Prisms as seen on surface quite regular and symmetrical, but varying greatly in size in different sections and at different levels below surface in aboral region, being finer by 3 to 1 near canal than at surface. Smaller areas found on lance, lower part of bowl, and in edges of rings and oral rim. Primary prisms inside of secondary ones are exceedingly faint. Animal large. Ten lories: L., total, 200-269 (234.1); suboral zone, 36-50 (41.5); cavity, 138-204 (173.8) ; pedicel, 20-25 (22.1). D., oral, 51-60 (56.1); lower ring, 70-80 (76.S) ; posterior expansion, 28-48 (37.4) ju. Two types occur at Sta. 4571, a large (269 /x) and a small (200 /jl) form which are widely divergent except in oral diameter. Intergrades occur at other stations. Similar large and small forms occur in Xystoncllopsis pulchra, SalpingeUa acuminata, and Daturclla datura at this same station. There is no evidence of any correlation between temperature and size in this species, the effect of temperature differences on linear dimensions possibly masked in thick-walled horn. . At 16 stations, viz., at 4, 5, 3, 1, and 3, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-83 (73.1)°; 48 lorica?. Xystonellopsis paeadoxa (Cleve) Jorgensen Lorica elongated, subcorneal (8-10°), stout, tapering vase-shaped; 4.14-4.71 (4.52) o.d. Oral margin narrow, blunt. Oral rim with in- creased distal flare (15°), 0.20-0.25 o.d. in length, measured from upper limit of thickened zone, outwardly concave or sigmoid, inwardly dis- tally convex. Suboral zone thickened, 0.75-1.00 o.d. in length, without rings or roll, though occasionally with slight concavity in middle indica- tive of tendency to form thicker regions at upper and lower margins, with more gradual merging into normal wall on lower edge than on upper. Bowl 0.75-0.78 t.l., faintly separable into upper and lower bowls; upper an inverted cone (5°), 2.2 o.d. in length, contracting from 1.2 on widest part of suboral zone to 0.9 o.d. below; lower 1.0 o.d. in length, an inverted cone of 15°, 0.50-0.75 o.d. in length. Pedicel thick- walled, constricted above knob, 0.5 o.d. in length and 0.6-0.8 in diam- KOFOID AXD CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 235 eter above knob, with 8-10 linear, sinuous, or left -wound ridges running orally from upper skirt for 1 o.d., entirely lacking on some loricse. Knob and skirt duplicated, upper knob flaring (40-50°), 0.75-1.04 (0.88) o.d. in diameter, 0.3-0.4 o.d. in length, recessed, with skirt angled by lower ends of ridges with asymmetrical reentrant bays between. Lower, or secondary, knob smaller than upper, somewhat resembling it in form but less flaring, 0.75 o.d. in diameter above, 0.4-0.5 at constriction, 0.5-0.6 at skirt, and 0.23-0.45 o.d. in length, in shape like the drum of a winch with unequal, or evenly divided, concave slopes between the two skirts. In most loricse lower knob traversed by 6-8 vertical, oblique, sinuous, or right-wound spiral ridges, highest at middle. Lance 0.64-1.22 (0.70) o.d. in length, basal diameter 0.4-0.6 its length, with short conical (60-65°) base tapering distally 10-20°, with central canal tapering from ellipsoidal expansion in lower knob. Tip acute, closed. Wall delicate, hyaline, but not so much as in ornata or Climacocylis scalaria, composed of fine, regular, quite uniform prisms, about 90 across one face on widest part of suboral band, with 2 layers in lower part of bowl, 5 in suboral zone, and 12 in upper skirt. Eight lorica?: L., total, 182-218 (197.2); to skirt, 142-164 (151.0); between skirts, 13-21 (16.4); lance, 27-50 (33.0). D., oral, 41-46 (43.6); suboral zone, 46-52 (49.0); upper skirt, 32-46 (38.4); lower skirt, 19-33 (24.0) ix. At 20 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, 3, and 14, respectively, in California, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 67-82 (75.4)°; 26 loricfe. Xystonellopsis parva spec. nov. Plate 21, figs. 5, 8, 9 Lorica stout, tapering, awl-shaped, contracting below suboral ring to 1.0 o.d., expanding again below to 1.1 o.d., tapering to lance without differentiation of pedicel; 6.1 o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, and lance approximately 3, 2, and 1.2 o.d. in length, respectively. Oral margin bluntly rounded. Oral rim thinning down in upper 0.3. o.d., in section an angle of 1S° with outer and inner slopes equally convex. Suboral thickened zone 0.25 o.d. in thickness and 1.6 in length, thinning grad- ually aborally, with diameter in widest part (1.24 o.d.), located 0.7 o.d. below oral rim. Bowl 0.8 t.l.; upper section subcylindrical, except for bulging suboral zone, 0.65 length of bowl; lower conical, 25°, abruptly increasing to 45° at transition to horn. Aboral horn without pedicel 236 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology or constriction. Lance a slender, tapering cone of 12° measured with lists, cylindrical above beneath lists, 1.2 o.d. in length, with narrow central canal. Tip rounded, closed. Lists, 4, subvertical, subequally extended on bowl and lance, length 0.5 o.d. Wall of small, regular secondary prisms in one row of radially placed hexagonal polyhedrons between thick inner and outer lamelke, except for 2-4 layers in suboral band and lance region. Prisms uniform in size at a given level, 35, 30, 26, 28, 12^ and 2-3, respectively, on suboral band, constricted region, expanded region below, middle of lower bowl, upper end of lance, and middle of lists. Two loricEe: L., total, 175-177; bowl, 140-147; horn, 30-35. D., oral, 26-32; suboral zone, 36/x. At Sta. 4701 in Drift; at 72°; 2 loricse. Xystonellopsis pinnata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 21, fig. 12 Lorica elongated, anteriorly cylindrical chalice-shaped, posteriorly tapering subconical, with the two regions subequal in length, consisting of bowl and lance only, enlarged at junction due to lists; 5.54-5.68 o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, and horn 2.6, 1.7, and 1.5. o.d. in length, re- spectively. Oral rim thin, barely sigmoid outwardly, 0.18 o.d. in length. Suboral thickening 1.0 o.d. in length, thinning out aborally very grad- ually. Bowl 0.77 t.l., or 4.04-4.24 o.d. in length, upper subcylindrical above for 0.45 t.l., or 0.65 length of bowl, lower an inverted cone of 30°. Transition into horn moderately abrupt. Aboral horn consisting of little more than the lance set into lower cone; subconical (12-15° in- cluding lists, or 8° below), 1.43-1.50 o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.12-0.17 length. Base of horn in one lorica locally swollen. Lists vertical, 5 (?) in number, 0.9-1.2 o.d. in length, extending equally on bowl and lance, with convex or straight edge. Central canal at upper end, 0.33 diameter of horn at that level, tapering below to slender canal reaching closed tip. Two loricse : L., total, 1 54-159 ; bowl, 113-119; lance, 40-42. D., oral, 28; greatest diameter on thickened zone, 29; lance at base with fins, 8-12M. At 2 stations, viz., at 1 each in Panamic Area and Drift; at 75-80 (77.5)°; 2 lorica*. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 237 Xystonellopsis pulchra (Kofoid) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 22, figs. 10, 14 Lorica tall, chalice-shaped, with 3 or 4 suboral rings, a short lower bowl, long, slender pedicel, small knob, slightly flaring skirt, and slender lance; 5.34-7.65 (6.08) o.d. in length. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 3.2, 2.3, and 0.52 o.d. in length. Oral margin very narrow, rounded. Oral rim thinned, flaring, vertical or incurved, 0.20-0.28 o.d. in length to summit of first suboral ring, with deeply concave outer face and vertical or distally flaring (10°) inner face. Suboral zone ex- ceptionally wide, attaining maximum development in subgenus, 1.05- 1.95 (1.54) o.d. in length, and, measured to rim, including upper 0.4- 0.6 of bowl; a region of more or less general and variable thickening of wall, consisting of 3 or 4 suboral rings, usually of unequal spacing; the first and second rings farther apart (0.65-0.80, generally 0.75, o.d.) than middle and lowest, or third, rings, 0.55-0.60, rarely up to 0.45, o.d. Great variation in diameters, scarcely two lorica; being alike either in relative or absolute dimensions of rings; tabulation of relative diameters of the 3 rings on 20 lorica? yielding the following sequence of diameters from smallest to largest in 10 or 11 of the 20, viz., first ring smallest (10 lorica;), third ring next (11), and second ring largest (10). All other possible combinations occur, but the lowest ring is largest only in a single deformed lorica. These differences in diameter are correlated with differences in vertical length, the sequence from least to greatest being the same in the majority of cases, with many other combinations. Usually the uppermost ring has much less than half the width of the middle one, and the lowest is smaller and less filled out than the middle one. This relation is further correlated with the greater width between the uppermost and middle rings and the greater thickness of the wall in this region as compared with that be- tween the middle and lowest rings. Deposition of wall substance thus exhibits three waves, reaching a maximum in the middle one, with a lingering subsidence on the upper suboral band and a minimum ampli- tude in the final ring. Indications of the interpolation of another ring between the middle and topmost ones are to be seen in feebly developed undulations in the upper suboral band. Greatest diameter on suboral rings 1.27-1.78 (1.38) o.d. Bowl 0.55-0.60 t.l., with upper bowl convex subcorneal (1-5°), 2.5-3.0 o.d. in length, passing with abrupt shoulder into short lower bowl, an inverted convex cone of 27-35°, 1.00-0.75 o.d. in length. Pedicel elongate cylindrical, with traces of irregular constriction above knob, indicative of initial stages of formation of 238 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology duplicated lower section seen in clevei; with length and diameter 1.82-3.09 (2.34) and 0.24-0.33 (0.27) o.d., respectively. Knob with flare of up to 10°, more or less ridged. Skirt of quadrangular outline, from whose angles, and often also from intermediate points, salient ridges pass subvertieally or in a slightly left-wound spiral orally on pedicel for 0.6 o.d. Quadrangular form gives way to an undulating, more or less circular one in a few loricfe. Skirt 0.24-0.37 (0.33) o.d. in diameter, a trifle larger than pedicel, though in a few loricse smaller than pedicel above distal constriction. Lance 0.45-0.66 (0.52) o.d. in length, with basal diameter 0.2 length; slender, attenuate, and almost cylindrical with central canal below enlargement in knob extending to closed tip. Wall with double-contoured inner and thin outer lamella? enclosing secondary prisms, with finer primary ones within each. Prisms largest in upper half of bowl up to top ring, in and above which they are abruptly smaller, decreasing to 0.5 of that diameter below ring, also decreasing to about same degree in pedicel, increasing again abruptly in thick-walled part of this and in knob, and fading out upon thin-walled lance; 4-8, 1, 1,4-6, and 1 rows, respectively, in suboral rings, bowl, pedicel, skirt, and lance, presenting a remarkably regular and uniform secondary hexagonal mesh at a given level in surface view. Knob tinged with yellowish brown, and the whole lorica of delicate texture and quite translucent. Animal frequently seen, quite small, attached laterally near middle of lorica, with 18-22 mem- branelles, 2 ovoidal or globular macronuclei, 10 by 20/x, each with an adjacent globular micronucleus, 5-9 ju. Binary fission, as in other Tintinnoinea, taking place by formation of new peristome on side of body, and with accumulation of siderophile granules near oral opening. Ten loricae: L., total, 315^27 (375.1); zone, 64-115 (94.9); pedicel, 120-178 (144.1); lance, 24-36 (32.0). D., oral, 54-68 (61.7); greatest, 80-96 (85.4); pedicel, 15-19 (16.5); skirt, 15-22 (19.1)/*. Remarkably variable, forming a complex without parallel in the genus, especially at Sta. 4713 a region of upwelling cold water and rapid vertical decrease in temperature. Comparable variations occur here also in Xystonella trcforti. They consist, in pulchra, in reduction in thickness of suboral region with partial suppression of rings, fore- shortening of pedicel, abnormal asymmetry of skirt, and even oblitera- tion of all rings but the top one, reduction of skirt, and suppression of lance. At Sta. 4648 occurred one lorica with a normal suboral region, but complete reduction of pedicel to a stout aboral horn like that of Xystonella acus, only very much stouter. At 22 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 6, 1, 3, 1, 2, and 5, respectively, in Cali- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 239 fornia, Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 67-83 (73.4)°; 63 loricse. Xystoxellopsis spicata (Brandt) Jcirgensen Lorica rather short, stout chalice-shaped, with widely conical non- striate pedicel, and long, slender lance; 3.96-4.55 (4.22) o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 2.0, 0.6, 1.4, and 0.6 o.d. in length. Oral margin rounded. Oral rim thinned, with con- cave outer and slightly flaring (5°) inner slope, 0.25-0.29 o.d. in' length. Suboral thickened zone not concentrated in a ring, 1.10-1.20 (1.13) o.d. in diameter, 0.4-0.7 o.d. in length, thinning rapidly aborally. Bowl 0.57 t.l., with abrupt shoulder between upper and lower cones; upper inverted cone of 10°, 2.0 o.d. in length; lower of 25-30°, 0.6 o.d. in length, becoming concave below. Pedicel 12-20°, conical, not clearly delimited anteriorly, its upper diameter twice that at skirt with slight constriction above, 0.66-0.92 (0.84) o.d. in length, with diameter at skirt same as pedicel immediately above, 0.15-0.24 (0.19) o.d. Skirt without stria3 or recess. Lance very slender conical (5°), with or without conical (up to 30°) basal flare, 0.58-0.81 (0.71) o.d. in length, and basal diameter 0.12-0.20 length, with central canal occluded distally. Wall rather thin, 0.10-0.21 o.d. in suboral zone, decreasing aborally to 0.03 in pedicel, composed of very thin inner and outer lamella? enclosing 1-3 layers of minute primary (?) regular prisms, smaller in oral rim, largest (3-layered) in suboral zone, about 40 across one face, growing rapidly smaller in lower cone and pedicel, decreasing to 0.3 diameter of those above, with 1 layer in lower bowl and pedicel and 2 in skirt. Much less difference in dimensions of prisms at different levels in this species than in cycles and crassispinosa. Seven loricse: L., total, 197-214 (203.8); to skirt, 163-177 (169.3); bowl, 123-130 (128.8); pedicel to skirt, 30-46 (40.4). D., oral, 47-51 (48.3) ; suboral zone, 52-61 (54.3) ; midway, 37-40 (37.1) ; pedicel, 7-13 (9.1); skirt, 6-12 (9.0) ». At 18 stations, viz., at 1, 5, 2, and 10, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 69-79 (73.1)°; 56 loricse. Xystoxellopsis tenuirostris (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica elongated, tapering chalice-shaped, with stout pedicel, slight skirt, and short, stout conical lance; 4.46-6.18 (5.43) o.d. Upper bowl, lower bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 2.2, 0.8, 1.0, and 0.5 o.d. 240 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology in length. Oral margin rounded. Oral rim thinned, everted, with sub- vertical or concave spreading outer slope and flaring (up to 11°) inner one, 0.16 o.d. in length. Suboral thickened zone expanding to 1.10-1.16 (1.13) o.d. at 0.13-0.16 o.d. below rim; 1.0-1.5 o.d. in length, sharply differentiated aborally in lorica? with narrower zones, blending aborally with upper bowl in those with wider zones. Bowl 0.6 t.l., with scarcely differentiated shoulder between upper and lower cones; upper an in- verted cone of 8-12 (10)°, 2.2-3.0 o.d. in length; lower, 15-24° and 1.0-2.0 o.d. Transition into aboral horn very gradual. Pedicel concave cylindrical, with 8 leiotropic or sub vertical striae passing orally from skirt for up to 1.5 o.d. Skirt flaring, up to 20°, with diameter 1.25-2.00 that of narrowest part of pedicel, or 0.21-0.36 (0.28) o.d., recessed below, subcircular in outline, with undulations or angles at strise. Lance stout, conical (up to 20°), sharp-pointed, 0.37-€.75 (0.49) o.d. in length, with basal diameter nearly equal to that of narrowest part of pedicel, or 0.25-0.50 length, with conical central canal from expan- sion in knob to closed tip. Wall thickest in suboral zone, thinning in upper and lower bowl, gradually thickening towards lower end of pedicel or throughout its length and in lance; composed of thin outer and inner lamella?, and the intervening layer of minute secondary prisms, 1-2 layers in oral rim, 4-5 in suboral zone, 2 in upper bowl, 3 in pedicel, 6 in skirt, and 2-3 in lance; a little larger in suboral band and pedicel than elsewhere, 60-65 across one face in suboral zone. Animal with 2 micronuclei and 2 large macronuclei, reported by Brandt (1907) and found by us. Eight loricse: L., total, 216-304 (269.6); to skirt, 198-284 (245.1); lance, 18-36 (24.5). D., oral, 47-52 (49.6) ; suboral zone, 54-59 (56.0); skirt, 10-17 (13.7) m- At 20 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 2, 2, and 12, respectively, in Mexican and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 70-84 (77.6)°; 48 loricse. Xystonellopsis torta (Kofoid) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 22, figs. 1, 11 Lorica banded chalice-shaped, with a very heavy suboral band, wide interannular zone, long tapering lower bowl, stout pedicel, large knob, and relatively short lance; 5.78-6.95 (6.36) o.d. Bowl, pedicel, and lance, respectively, 1.67, 2.68, and 0.46 o.d. in length. Oral margin and rim similar to those of pulchra, 0.25-0.32 o.d. in length. Suboral zone 0.40-0.52 length of bowl in length, and longer in lorica? in which KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 241 interannular zone between first and second rings is long and fifth ring incipient; its length, measured to oral rim, 0.19-0.30 (0.25) t.l., or 1.23- 1.82 (1.56) o.d., and greatest diameter, usually at third ring, 1.46-1.65 (1.53) o.d. Suboral zone typically with four rings, unequally differ- entiated, first and fourth better differentiated, also the third in loricae in which interval between first and second is wide, and second least sharply set off, remaining as a wide, convex interannular zone. A second distinct ring sometimes emerging in a zone of morphological instability between first and third rings. Loricae with a long inter- annular zone between first and second rings often having a suggestion of an additional incipient ring. Relative diameter of rings varying greatly, but usual order from narrowest to widest being: — first, fourth, second, third. Bowl, including suboral zone, 0.5 t.l. ; upper bowl a convex inverted cone (5°), 2.6-3.0 o.d. in length, tapering slightly less in loricse with long suboral zone than in those with shorter ones, with gradual transition ; lower an inverted convex cone of 35° in wide- zoned lories?, and less (20°) in narrow-zoned ones, 0.6-1.0 o.d. in length. Pedicel stout, cylindrical, or slightly tapering, its length to skirt and diameter 2.13-2.86 (2.64) and 0.27-0.34 (0.30) o.d., respectively; pass- ing with a little constriction into enlarged knob and angled skirt, with diameter greater than lower end of pedicel. Knob abruptly truncate, recessed, with 5-8 salient angles in skirt from which low, sharp-angled ridges pass upwards on pedicel in a steep (up to 40°) left -wound spiral for two diameters of skirt. Lance short, slender conical (8°) to almost cylindrical, 0.43-0.52 (0.46) o.d. in length, tapering near end to rounded closed tip. Wall of regular prisms uniform at a given level, smallest in oral rim and pedicel, largest in suboral zone below first ring, 33 on one face on third ring, 33 and 50 across bowl below ring and at upper end of lower bowl, 50 across pedicel, and 21 across knob; in 6-8 layers in first ring, 5-6 in others, and 2-3 in intervening regions, 1 in bowl below rings and in pedicel to level of constriction of lumen to a narrow canal in knob, 4 in knob, and 1 faintly marked layer in lance. One animal seen with 4 macronuclei, each 12/jl in diameter, probably preceding binary fission. Five loricse: L., total, 364-466 (413.6) ; zone, 80-122 (101.6) ; pedicel, 132-192 (174.6); lance, 27-35 (30.2). D., oral, 63-67 (65.0); greatest, 98-104 (99.6); pedicel, 17-22 (19.6); skirt, 22-28 (25.4) /x. . Kofoid's lorica (1905, pi. 28, fig. 16) is 465, 83, 192, 40, 70, 90, 19, and 30/*, from his original drawings. At 3 stations, 1 each in California and Peruvian currents and Gala- pagos Eddy; at 69-75 (71.6)°; 77 loricse. 242 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Xystonellopsis tropica spec, now Non Undella heros Cleve, 1900d, p. 974, fig. [11]. Undella ? (Xystonella) heros, Brandt, 1906, pi. 42, figs. 1, la, 2. Xystonella heros, Brandt, 1907, p. 184; Laackmann, 1909, pp. 476-479. Xystonellopsis heros, K. and C, 1929, p. 247, fig. 485. Lorica very large, greatly elongated, clearly divisible into bowl, skirt, and lance, but pedicel not differentiated from bowl by slope; 6.76-8.35 (7.73) o.d. Oral margin broadly and evenly rounded. No rim, flare, or suboral zone. Bowl 0.25-0.20 t.l., merging gradually into pedicel, its lower limit at upper ends of strise, coinciding with slight change in contour. Bowl 0.78-0.89 of length from oral margin to skirt, subdivided by changes in slope into upper slightly subcorneal (up to 2°) or cylindrical section 4.0^4.5 o.d. in length, and lower conical (10-15°) one 2.25-3.00 o.d. in length. Pedicel short, 1.0-1.5 o.d. in length and 0.18-0.28 o.d. in diameter in its narrowest region, 0.4 o.d. above skirt. Lists longitudinal, 6-9, running orally for 1.25- 2.00 o.d. from skirt, terminating on edge in slight angles, each a thin fold of outer lamella enclosing prismatic areas and running vertically or spirally in a right- or left-wound spiral with a revolution of not more than 90°, rarely up to 180°; often interrupted or isolated, and even reversed in direction of torsion from right- to left-wound in lower part of course. Skirt, or incipient knob, formed by abrupt distal flare (up to 32°) to 0.28-0.31 (0.30) o.d. Lance 0.54-0.75 (0.61) o.d. in length, conical (10-17°), with conical central canal with no flare above, and rounded closed tip. Wall composed of thin, homogeneous inner and outer lamellae enclosing small, regular, secondary prisms increasing in size in aboral region; uniform in thickness in bowl; composed of 2-3 layers of prisms above and 1 only in lowermost part of lower cone, thence distally rapidly thickening in skirt, number of layers of prisms gradually increasing to 5 in pedicel and knob, occluding lumen to slender canal. Lists with prisms in as many as 5 superposed rows. Prisms at any given level uniform in size, hexagonal in surface view, elongated in aboral region in direction of main axis as though under stress. Number across one face 150, 100, 28, and 35 on upper part of bowl, middle of lower cone, narrowest part of pedicel, and skirt, respectively. Animal with 2 ovoidal macronuclei 15 by 20/*, each with an adjacent spheroidal micronucleus 10/* in diameter. Ten lorica-: L., total, 473-604 (546.2); to lance, 433-557 (503.1); lance, 37-50 (43.1). D., oral, 67-78 (70.6); pedicel, 16-26 (20.6); skirt, 19-24 (21.1)/*. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 243 Included by us (1929, p. 247) in Xps. hews (Cleve) in agreement with Brandt (1906, 1907), but separated here as a distinct species because of its basic incongruity with Cleve's species in shape of bowl, having upper and lower sections instead of a single cone; pedicel delimited by slight change in contour, contraction of lumen, interrupted instead of regular striae; and skirt expanded into a knob, instead of rounded into the lance. All of these features serve in the distinction of other species in the subgenus Paraxystonellopsis. They are so prominent that it seems improbable that Cleve (1900d) could have overlooked them. At 33 stations, viz., at 2, 2, 12, 4, 1, and 12, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-83 (72.2)°; 66 loricae. Xystonellopsis turgida spec. nov. Plate 18, figs. 2, 3; Plate 20, fig. 10 Lorica bullet- or tall goblet-shaped, convex conical (17°), with a distinct bowl, pedicel, knob, and lance; 3.44 o.d. Oral margin thin, sharp. No differentiated rim. No suboral thickened zone. Bowl 0.66 t.l., its upper 0.4 convex subconical (5°), its lower 0.6 less convex sub- conical (30°), contracting at 2.25 o.d. from rim to 0.31 o.d. at transition into pedicel. Pedicel measured to skirt 0.5 o.d. in length, constricted above skirt, with upper section broadly fusiform, widest in its middle ; its greatest diameter 0.33, and its least, just above knob, 0.14 o.d. Knob flaring abruptly in low cone (90°), with horizontal skirt with rounded circular edge without angle or striae, 0.24 o.d. in diameter. Lance 0.55 o.d. in length, conical (8°), flaring at base (25°), with basal diameter 0.16 length, with conical central canal. Tip closed, sharp- pointed. Wall relatively thin, 0.04 o.d., not thickened suborally, and scarcely in knob ; similar to that in epigrus, but with thinner inner and outer faintly double-contoured lamellae enclosing a sheet of fine primary prisms. L., total, 146; bowl, 98; pedicel and knob, 22; lance, 26. D., oral, 44; pedicel, 13; skirt, 11 /x. At Sta. 4734 in Drift; at 81°; 1 lorica. XL UNDELLIDtE Kofoid and Campbell Tintinnoinea with short, stout, cup- or goblet-shaped, rarely elon- gated, tubular, or flask-shaped lorica; oral margin thinned, sharp, in Undellopsis thickened suborally to a ledge; lorica not differentiated 244 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology into flaring collar and bowl, at most only to anterior cylinder and bowl, often cylindrical or tubular; aboral region undifferentiated, tapering, or inflated, with or without angular outline; aboral end hemispherical, rounded, obtuse, acute, pointed, mammillate, introverted, or umbonate, but never differentiated into aboral horn; lorica unmodified; or with rings, suboral, equatorial, or on an anterior cylinder, but never with spiral structure; wall trilaminate, secondary structure in intermediate layer evident in some species; closing-apparatus sometimes seen; marine, in warm temperate and tropical seas. Differs from all others in simplicity of structure of wall, with double- contoured outer and inner lamella? and intermediate homogeneous or faintly prismatic layer, and in simple shapes and proportions of lorica which lacks both suboral and aboral specialization. Nearest to Xys- tonellida? and Parundella, but lacks elongated pedicellate aboral region characteristic of them. Contains six genera: Proplectella (23 species), Undella (18), Am- plectella (8), Amplectellopsis (2), Undellopsis (14) and Cricundella (3). This family is primitive in respect to small tubular or tapering loricffi of Undella and Proplectella, which approach in type and pro- portions the simpler species of Tintinnidium and Tintinnopsis, but ex- hibit a refinement of material used in wall of lorica and an orderliness and precision in pattern of lorica not realized in these more primitive genera. Typically eupelagic oceanic organisms with opportunities for a selected diet and uniformity of behavior which are less available for species belonging to the neritic fauna. 27. PROPLECTELLA Kofoid and Campbell Undellidse with short lorica, generally shaped like bowl of a stout goblet; oral margin abruptly acute in section; suboral region always contracting orally; inner collar usually present, formed by localized suboral thickening of inner side only of wall; never with an outer sub- oral ledge; no differentiation of bowl and horn; rings absent; aboral end variously rounded, pointed, angled, or truncated; no longitudinal structures; wall hyaline, trilaminate, with structureless intermediate layer; marine, in temperate and tropical seas. Type species Proplec- tella claparcdei (Entz, Sr.) from stomach contents of Salpa in North Atlantic. Proplectella, like Undella, is one of the simpler genera of Undellidre in point of shape and undifferentiated structure of lorica, and is, in KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 245 addition, made up of small species only. It differs from all other Undellid?e in having an inner collar. It is neither so elongated nor so large as Undella, never has rings as Amplectella, Amplectellopsis, Cricundella, and Undellopsis, and has no suboral ledge as Undellopsis. In form and proportions distinctly more nearly related to the more primitive genus Undella than to the ringed genera, Amplectella, Amplectellopsis, Cricundella, and Undellopsis. The family Undellidse, through Proplectella, is connected with Parundella of the Xystonellidae. Indications of the structural relationships of these two genera are seen in the similarity in shape, size, and proportions of the smaller species of Parundella, such as minor, grandis, and lachmanni, to the larger, more slender species of Proplectella. Another resemblance is seen in the thinning out of the wall aborally in parva and subcaudata, as in many species of Parundella. The difference between the two genera lies in the absence of the inner collar in Parundella, but this difference is slight in such species as subacuta and proelonga. Proplectella was established by us (1929) out of species previously included in Tintinnus and later in Undella. Contains 23 species, of which 17 are found in Expedition material. Of these 23, 12 were new, and 11 included in this Report. Subdivided into four series: — the columbiana series, including columbiana, perpu- silla, tumida, claparedei, proelonga, fasti gata, and ovata; the subacuta series, including subacuta, ostcnfeldi, globosa, tenuis, and angustior; the parva series, including parva, subcaudata, acuta, ellipsoida, cuspidata, and grandis; and the urna series, including urna, subangulata, biangu- lata, pentagona, and amphora. Proplectella amphora Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 13 Lorica truncated biconical pot-shaped, with angular premedian ex- pansion and flat aboral end; 1.93-2.10 (1.96) o.d., or 1.2 greatest diam- eter. Oral margin sharp, in section an angle of 35-40°. Oral aperture 0.48-0.57 (0.52) t.l. in diameter. Oral region everted in a truncated segment of a straight-sided inverted cone of 10-15°. Inner collar 0.18- 0.21 (0.19) t.l., in length, with prominent rounded nuchal angle. Nuchal diameter 0.84-0.92 o.d. Suboral thickening increasing from oral margin to nuchal level, decreasing thence to normal wall of bowl at shoulder. Lorica above shoulder outwardly a segment of a cone of 47-52°, 0.4 t.l., with almost flat sides. Bowl expanding evenly from oral margin to greatest diameter (1.56-1.73 [1.61] o.d.) at bluntly angular shoulder, 246 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 1.0 o.d. below rim, a comparatively greater width than in other species of genus. Bowl contracting evenly below shoulder, with straight sides, a segment of an inverted truncated cone of 25-42°, 0.72-0.75 (0.74) t.l. Aboral end squarely truncated, with slight convexity and diameter same as that of oral aperture. Wall thickest at nuchal level, thinning out at shoulder, and at aboral end. Animal filling 0.75 of lorica, with 2 small spherical macronuclei, each 7.5 /x in diameter. Five lorica?: L., total, 57-60 (58); neck, 10-12 (11.2); bowl, 46-48 (46.8); to shoulder, 21-24 (22); from shoulder to aboral end, 36. D., oral, 27-31 (29.4); shoulder, 45-50 (47.8); base, 24-30 (28.2) fi. The question arises as to whether or not this species is based upon an artifact resulting from deformation. Angulation, except at the aboral end, is unusual among other genera of the Tintinnoinea. Its occurrence also in pentagona, biangulata, and subangulata suggests a susceptibility to such deformations. On the other hand, the con- siderable number of loricse, 10 in amphora, 128 in pentagona, 5 in biangulata, 6 in uma, and 8 in subangulata, exhibit this angulation. Moreover, it occurs coincidentally in collections with non-angulated species, and it is difficult to correlate each angulated species with a non-angulated one having similar oral aperture, thickness of wall, pro- portions, and dimensions. At 11 stations, viz., at 2, and 9, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 69-76 (71.8)°; 18 loricse. Proplectella biangulata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 7 Lorica with subcylindrical central region and conical ends; 1.90-2.44 (2.30) o.d., or 1.85 greatest diameter. Oral margin rounded, in section an angle of 35°. Oral region internally a truncated segment of a con- cave cone of 6-10°, 0.14-0.19 t.l. in length. Oral aperture 0.41-0.43 (0.42) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar clearly defined, with prominent rounded internal angle, thinning down to level of upper angle of bowl. Nuchal diameter 0.89 o.d. Bowl septangular in outline, with collar region not differentiated externally from bowl. Anterior section of lorica, including upper part of bowl, a truncated segment of a slightly concave cone of 50°, 0.24-0.28 t.l. in length, with basal diameter of 1.42-1.78 (1.60) o.d. Middle section subcylindrical, its diameter in some loricse increasing slightly posteriorly, with sides slightly concave externally, 0.35-0.44 (0.37) t.l. Posterior segment an inverted cone of 85°, with flat or slightly outwardly convex sides, and a broadly to KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 247 narrowly rounded or even subacute antapex. Wall comparatively very thick, except near aboral end, thickest at base of inner collar, quite thick on lateral wall, thinning aborally to aboral end. Four loricse: L., total, 62-66 (63.2); neck, 10-12 (11); bowl, 51-54 (52.2); to first shoulder, 15-19 (17.2); to second shoulder, 40^4 (40.1). D., oral, 26-29 (27); greatest, 43-48 (45.7) fx. At 5 stations, viz., at 1 and 4, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 68-72 (71)°; 5 loricse. Proplectella claparedei (Entz, Sr.) Kofoid and Campbell Undella claparedei, Alzamora, 1929, p. 8, fig. 15. Lorica egg-shaped with narrower end broadly truncated; 1.42-1.86 (1.65) o.d., or 1.26 greatest diameter. Oral margin in section an angle of 25-30°. Oral aperture large, 0.54-0.70 (0.61) t.l. in diameter. Oral region internally everted, its cavity a segment of an inverted concave cone of 30-35°, 0.14-0.22 o.d. in length. Inner collar thickening from oral margin to about 5(i or 0.17-0.20 o.d., 0.17-0.20 t.l. in length, with nuchal diameter 0.78-0.93 (0.86) o.d. Bowl stout ovoidal, with greatest diameter, 1.13-1.48 (1.32) o.d., near middle of lorica. Aboral end hemispherical, prismatic. Wall with maximum thickness (0.17- 0.20 o.d.) in throat, thinning gradually to minimum (0.07-0.04 o.d.) at aboral end. Five loricse: L., total, 41-61 (54)'; neck, 8-13 (10.4). D., oral, 27-37 (32.8); nuchal diameter, 25-37 (27.8); bowl, 37-46 (42.8); nuchal wall, 5/x. At 62 stations, viz., at 1, 6, 17, 2, 8, 1, 4, and 23, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift; at 65-85 (73.4)°; 147 loricse. Proplectella cuspidata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 10 Lorica slender bullet-shaped, subcylindrical anteriorly, conical posteriorly; 2.20-2.60 (2.50) o.d. Oral margin abruptly sharp, in sec- tion an angle of 15°. Oral region slightly everted internally in an in- verted concave cone 10-20°, 0.3 o.d. in length, external contour not modified. Oral aperture 0.21-0.27 (0.23) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar not sharply differentiated, its thickness increasing below oral margin, reducing nuchal diameter to 0.9 of oral, fading out aborally within 248 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.50-0.65 o.d. below oral margin. Bowl flaring but little, with greatest diameter, 1.0-1.1 (1.06) o.d., above middle of lorica, contracting dis- tally in posterior 0.50-0.66 of bowl to inverted convex cone of 38-46°, concave in lower third. Aboral end sharp-pointed. Wall thickest at base of inner collar, thinnest in aboral region. Seven loricfe: L., total, 80-92 (86.8). D., oral, 34-43 (36.3) /x. At 8 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 2, 1, and 2, respectively, in Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 71-84 (76.9)°; 12 loricse. Proplectella ellipsoida Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 6; Plate 24, fig. 6 Lorica narrowly subellipsoidal, truncated anteriorly, and con- tracted posteriorly to a subacute antapex; 1.75-2.14 (1.95) o.d., or 1.4 times greatest diameter. Oral margin acute, in section an angle of 15-35°. Oral aperture 0.42-0.57 (0.51) t.l. in diameter. Oral region flaring internally in a segment of a slightly concave inverted cone of 35-40°. Neck not differentiated externally. Inner collar clearly differentiated internally by abrupt thinning down to wall of bowl; 0.12-0.16 (0.14) t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.85-1.00 (0.90) o.d. Bowl subellipsoidal, narrowing more posteriorly than anteriorly, reaching its greatest diameter (1.24-1.65 [1.37] o.d.) at 0.36-0.46 (0.42) t.l. below oral margin, tapering aborally within an inverted convex cone of 90-100° in a graceful convex contour to subacute antapex. Wall with maximum thickness at nuchal region and minimum at aboral end. Animal filling 0.6 of lorica, with 2 subspheroidal macronuclei, 7-10/z in diameter. Eleven loricfe: L., total, 59-66 (63); length of collar, 7-10 (9.1); to greatest diameter, 22-32 (27.4). D., oral, 26-37 (32); nuchal, 25-31 (26.3); bowl, 40-45 (44.6); nuchal wall, 3-5ju. At 23 stations, viz., at 2, 4, 1, and 16, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-81 (72.7)°; 44 lorica;. Proplectella fastigata (Jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 8 Lorica very stout ovoidal with very thick wall, narrow aperture, and hemispherical aboral end; 1.94-2.07 (1.96) o.d., or about 1.15 times greatest diameter. Oral margin in section a wide angle, 45-50°. Oral KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 249 aperture relatively narrow, 0.47-0.52 (0.51) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar sharp-angled at nuchal constriction and straight-walled above; merging very gradually below angle into bowl; its length to rounded shoulder 0.1*8-0.20 (0.19) t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.89-0.94 (0.92) o.d. Bowl expanding below oral margin in an inverted cone of 85°, attain- ing greatest diameter (1.65-1.82 [1.72] o.d.) at 0.31-0.38 (0.33) t.l. below oral margin, somewhat flattened laterally below shoulder, with pronounced change in curvature at level of greatest expansion, form- ing a smoothly rounded, prominent shoulder, posteriorly narrowing gradually, with convex lateral wall more or less flattened to 1.5 o.d. below oral margin. Aboral end broadly rounded, hemispherical, or with its contour postero-laterally not quite filling out a hemisphere, with faint postero-lateral angle in loricae with more flattened lateral wall. Wall heavy, enclosing a prismatic layer (Brandt, pi. 64, fig. 11a), reaching maximum thickness at nuchal region, thinning from level of greatest diameter to aboral end. Four loricae: L., total, 69-75 (72.0); neck, 9-11 (10.3); to greatest diameter, 21-25 (22.6). D., oral, 35-39 (37); nuchal diameter, 32-36 (33.5); bowl, 61-64 (62.7) ; nuchal wall, 7.5-9/x. At 4 stations, 2 each in California and Mexican currents; at 71-84 (78.5)°; 7 loricae. Proplectella globosa (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica broadly truncated ovoidal or pot-shaped; 1.40-1.78 (1.53) o.d., or 1.15 greatest diameter. Oral margin sharp-angled (15-28°). Oral region flaring internally in segment of inverted concave cone 15-20°, 0.2 t.l. in length. Oral aperture 0.59-0.70 (0.65) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar well developed, with outer surface typically convex, but sometimes flattened or slightly concave. Nuchal diameter 0.83-0.96 (0.86) o.d. Upper lorica, including collar, externally a segment of a cone 15-22°, 0.27-0.33 t.l. Bowl expanding gradually, attaining its greatest diameter (1.21-1.60 [1.34] o.d.) at 0.42-0.63 (0.49) t.l. below oral margin. Aboral region rotund, extending a trifle beyond contour of a hemisphere, in few lorica? with trace of aboral angulation. Wall thickest at base of collar, thinning evenly to aboral end. Animal very large, filling 0.7 of lorica, with 2 macronuclei, 4 by 13^, and 12 mem- branelles on one side. Ten loricae: L., total, 37-58 (46.2); neck, 6-10 (7.6); bowl, 31-48 (38.4). D., oral, 27-34 (30.3); greatest, 33-51 (40) ». 250 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology At 20 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, and 12, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 67-85 (74.4)°; 46 loricse. Proplectella ostenfeldi Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 3 Lorica cylindrical in its anterior 0.66 and pointed hemispheroidal aborally; 1.42-1.95 (1.73) o.d., or 1.45 times greatest diameter. Oral margin in section an angle of 10°. Oral region flaring internally in a segment of an inverted concave cone 12-15°, 0.18-0.26 (0.22) t.l. Oral aperture 0.54-0.70 (0.57) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar never angular, broadly rounded, feebly developed, thinning down to normal wall within 0.50-0.75 o.d. Nuchal diameter 0.81-0.94 (0.89) o.d. Upper part of lorica, including collar, outwardly slightly concave and nearly subcylindrical for 0.3-0.4 t.l. Bowl expanding posteriori}-, reaching to its greatest diameter (1.02-1.37 [1.20] o.d.) 0.43-0.55 (0.48) t.l. from oral margin. Aboral end broad, contracting laterally above within contour of a hemisphere but tapering distally to a blunt tip in a convex cone (90°), with slight concavity above tip in several loricse. Wall with maximum thickness at base of inner collar and minimum at aboral end. Differs from Undella ostenfeldi in presence of inner collar. Twelve loricse: L., total, 43-55 (48.7) ; collar, 8-14 (10.9). D., oral, 23-34 (27.7); collar, 20-28 (24.4); greatest, 30-41 (34.1) ju. At 16 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 2, 1, and 11, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift; at 72-81 (75.9)°; 23 loricse. Proplectella ovata (Jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 9 Lorica very broad truncated ovoidal, with very short neck, hemis- pherical aboral end, and heavy wall; 1.55-1.67 (1.58) o.d., or 1.2 great- est diameter. Oral margin in section an angle of 30°. Oral aperture 0.52-0.54 (0.53) t.l. in diameter. Oral region flaring internally in a seg- ment of a concave inverted cone of 22-35°. Neck outwardly very short, 0.25 o.d. in length, forming a segment of a slightly concave cone 10-15°. Inner collar well thickened but not sharply separated from bowl by definite shoulder, 0.17-0.27 (0.22) t.l. in length, with nuchal diameter 0.80-0.97 (0.86) o.d. Bowl broadly ovoidal, 1.35 o.d. in length; its greatest diameter 1.26-1.40 (1.32) o.d., at 0.39-0.53 (0.48) KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 251 t.l. from oral margin. Aboral end broadly rounded, almost hemis- pherical, in a few loricae with a tendency to become bluntly pointed, but not so definitely as in tenuis. Wall comparatively very thick, with thickening extending well down sides of bowl, with maximum thickness in nuchal region, gradually decreasing laterally to minimum in aboral end. Nine lories: L., total, 61-69 (63.7); neck, 8-14 (11.1); bowl, 49-54 (52.6). D., oral, 35-41 (39.2); nuchal, 30-33 (31.5); bowl, 47-63 (51.1) (x. At 20 stations, viz., at 2, 4, 1, 1, 3, and 9, respectively, in Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial, and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 68-84 (74.6)°; 41 loricse. Proplectella parva Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, figs. 3, 12 Lorica tapering bullet-shaped, subcylindrical anteriorly and rela- tively narrow conical (60°) posteriorly, with a conical aboral end; 1.63-2.49 (2.14) o.d., or nearly twice greatest diameter. Oral margin thinned down in section to an acute angle (20-33°). Oral region flaring internally in a segment of an inverted, deeply concave cone of 32-35°, 0.15 t.l. Oral aperture 0.41-0.59 (0.49) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar not angled internally, thinning down gradually to normal wall at middle of lorica. Nuchal diameter 0.80-0.83 o.d. Lorica, including collar, subconical (up to 15°) anteriorly, with slight outer convexity or even a slight concavity above level of nuchal constriction. Bowl with greatest diameter, 1.07-1.23 (1.12) o.d., at 0.45-0.60 (0.55) t.l. from oral margin. Aboral region contracting in a cone 45-65°, convex in its upper half and straight below. Aboral end always sharply pointed. Wall thickest at base of inner collar, thinning out gradually to aboral end. Outer surface of several loricse covered by scattered coccoliths of Syracosphaera spinosa (?), about 1/* in length. Another lorica had Cal- yptrosphsera (?) (3 by 6ju) agglomerated on surface. Animal large, filling 0.7-0.8 of lorica, with a large, centrally located, dense macro- nucleus 9 by 13/*. Eight loricse: L. total, 44-63 (54.2). D., oral, 25-27 (26.4) ; greatest, 28-33 (29.7) /x. At 38 stations, viz., at 3, 7, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 2, and 17, respectively, in California, Peruvian, South Equatorial, Equatorial Counter, and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 66-81 (74)°; 71 loricse. 252 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Proplectella pentagona (Jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, figs. 10, 11 Lorica pentagonal, truncate pyriform, wide-angled aborally; 1.58- 1.96 (1.68) o.d., or 1.15 greatest diameter. Oral margin thin, sharp- angled (35°). Oral region everted, internally a truncated segment of an inverted concave cone of 20-30°, 0.11-0.18 (0.16) t.l. Oral aperture 0.51-0.60 (0.57) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar well developed, with rounded inner angle, or expanding asymmetrically in rounded eleva- tion on each face, contracting to normal thickness midway between rim and angular expansion of bowl, or (Plate 23, fig. 11) bulging locally. Nuchal diameter 0.86-1.00 (0.95) o.d. Bowl from oral margin to widest part a truncated segment of a cone 30-35°, 0.6 1. 1., with straight lateral outlines, its greatest diameter, 1.34-1.44 (1.43) o.d., at 0.54-0.60 (0.58) t.l. below oral margin, whose wall in section is an externally rounded angle of 120-130°, contracting sharply below in an inverted, slightly concave aboral cone of 90°, 0.4 t.l. in length, with bluntly rounded to subacute aboral end. Wall thickest at nuchal level, thin- ning out evenly to aboral end. Seven loricte: L., total, 47-66 (52.6); collar, 7-12 (9); bowl, 40^7 (43.6) ; nuchal level to shoulder, 27-33 (30.9) ; from shoulder to aboral end, 19-26 (21.7). D., oral, 29-34 (32.2); greatest, 40-55 (45.6)//. At 19 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 16, respectively, in Peruvian Cur- rent, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-81 (74.5)°; 128 loricse. Proplectella perpusilla Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, figs. 1, 2 Lorica stout ovoidal with a short neck; 1.42-1.95 (1.73) o.d., or 1.37 greatest diameter. Oral aperture 0.56-0.59 (0.57) t.l. in diameter. Oral region flaring above neck both internally and externally, forming segments of inverted cones of 7-12° and 18-20°, respectively. Inner collar feebly developed, not sharply delimited from bowl. Neck 0.19- 0.25 (0.22) t.l. in length, with internal diameter 0.84-0.90 (0.87) o.d., but externally only half this length with diameter little, if any, less than oral. Bowl proper broadly ovoidal to ellipsoidal in about the proportions of a hen's egg, expanding posteriorly below neck, reaching its greatest diameter, 1.10-1.40 (1.26) o.d., near middle or below it at 0.42-0.70 (0.56) t.l. from oral margin. x\boral end broadly rounded or slightly flattened. Wall with maximum thickness in collar, thinning out below, reaching minimum thickness near aboral end. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 253 Eight loricte: L., total, 41-50 (47); neck, 8-12 (10.1); to greatest diameter, 20-32 (27.7). D., oral, 25-28 (27.0); neck, 21-26 (23.8); bowl, 30-40 (33.9) m. At 60 stations, viz., at 2, 5, 15, 8, 4, 2, and 24, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 65-85 (73.3)°; 205 loricse. Proplectella pflelonga Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, figs. 2, 12 Lorica slender, truncate ovoidal, with no delimited anterior exten- sion; 1.00-2.59 (2.02) o.d., or about 1.46 greatest diameter. Oral aper- ture only moderately wide, 0.45-0.46 (0.45) t.l. in diameter. Oral rim narrow-angled (20-25°). Oral region internally gradually everted in a short segment of an inverted cone (20-35°) with concave sides. Sub- oral region outwardly included within a segment of a cone 15-35°, with flat or slightly concave sides, 0.25-0.33 o.d. in length. Suboral thicken- ing greatest at nuchal level; thinning out gradually to normal wall of bowl below neck within 0.33-0.66 o.d., in extreme cases reaching equator of bowl. Nuchal opening at 0.17-0.21 (0.19) t.l. below oral margin, with least diameter 0.60-0.87 (0.80) o.d. Bowl below nuchal region a smoothly rounded ovoid with greatest diameter 1.15-1.76 (1.38) o.d. near middle of lorica, 0.50-0.57 (0.53) t.l. below oral margin. Aboral end broadly rounded, hemispherical, or more narrowly rounded and longer than a hemisphere. Wall thick, reaching its maximum thickness at nuchal level, attaining its minimum near aboral end. In one lorica the cytosome filled 0.6 of the cavity and had 4 ovoidal macronuclei, each 7 by 12/i. Ten loricse: L., total, 56-76 (63); collar or nuchal region, 10-13 (11.9) ; to greatest diameter of bowl, 27-43 (33.4). D., oral, 27-35 (33) ; nuchal, 23-30 (26.6); greatest, 38-47 (43.5) fx. At 14 stations, viz., at 10, 1, and 3, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 66-80 (70)°: 23 lorica;. Proplectella subangulata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 5 Lorica with truncated, stout ovoidal contour, somewhat angled at two levels of bowl, 1.62-1.95 (1.83) o.d., or 1.26 greatest diameter. Oral margin abruptly contracted to a sharp edge, in section an angle 254 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology of 35°. Oral region internally abruptly flared for 0.12 o.d., a segment of an inverted concave cone of 37°. Oral aperture 0.51-0.62 (0.61) t.l. in diameter. Inner collar slightly developed, externally not differ- entiated, not angled internally, only slightly thickened, with convex inner face, gradually merging into wall of bowl, continuing with a slight decrease in thickness for 0.22-0.32 (0.28) t.l. to upper shoulder; 0.13-0.14 (0.13) t.l. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.85-0.94 (0.90) o.d. Lorica as a whole consisting of three sections; uppermost, including collar, a segment of a concave cone 25-30°, forming 0.3 t.l., its base forming upper shoulder of lorica, its most prominent angle, and its greatest diameter (1.17-1.31 [1.24] o.d.), though in some lorica? this is on bulge below shoulder; middle section with sides of bowl flattened and only slightly convex, tapering aborally, a segment of an inverted convex cone of 12-30°, forming 0.45-0.50 t.l.; terminal segment an in- verted convex cone of 90°, with subacute antapex. Lower shoulder, but weakly developed in two of four loricre, with a diameter of 0.81- 0.86 (0.83) o.d. at 0.79-0.83 (0.80) t.l. below oral margin. Wall with maximum thickness at base of collar, and minimum at aboral end. Five loricse: L., total, 58-63 (59.7); collar, 7-9 (7.6); to anterior shoulder, 15-18 (16); to posterior shoulder, 47; to greatest diameter, 15-28 (20.5). D., oral, 32-36 (33.8); anterior shoulder, 37-44 (41.7); posterior shoulder, 26-28 (27.4); greatest, 40-44 (42.4) /z. At 5 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 2, respectively, in California Current, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 69-81 (74)°; 8 loricse. Proplectella tenuis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 23, fig. 4 Lorica truncated subellipsoidal in contour, with blunt, scarcely pointed aboral end; 1.67-2.33 (1.85) o.d., or about 1.42 greatest di- ameter. Oral margin in section sharp-angled (30-37°). Oral region flaring internally in a segment of an inverted concave cone 18-22°. Oral aperture 0.49-0.60 (0.57) t.l. in diameter. Nuchal region convex externally, rarely slightly, and for a short distance, concave. Inner collar well developed, blending aborally with wall of bowl rather abruptly at 0.5 o.d. below oral rim, its greatest thickness 0.14-0.19 (0.16) o.d., its length 0.15-0.21 (0.18) t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.84-0.88 (0.87) o.d. Bowl ellipsoidal for 0.6 t.l., its greatest diameter, 1.21-1.38 (1.28) o.d., either in midregion or anterior to it, 0.31-0.53 (0.45) t.l. below oral margin. At 0.72-0.82 (0.76) t.l. below oral margin, at a KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 255 diameter of 1.11-1.38 (1.27) o.d., curvature changes to very convex subconical contour contained within 90-100°. Aboral end rounded, but with less convexity than a hemisphere, contracting to a broadly blunt antapex. Wall with maximum thickness at nuchal level and minimum at aboral end, the two lamella? sometimes meeting both laterally and aborally. Animal filling 0.5 of cavity of bowl. Five lorica?: L., total, 63-70 (67); neck, 10-12 (11.2); bowl, 52-60 (55.7). D., oral, 33^1 (37.7); nuchal, 26-33 (30); bowl, 45-49 (47) n. At 12 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, 1, and 8, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 69-83 (77.1)°; 20 lorica?. Proplectella tumida Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 4 Lorica elongate ovate, with short, subcylindrical neck, 2 o.d., or 1.45 greatest diameter. Oral aperture relatively small, 0.6 diameter of bowl, or 0.38 t.l. Oral region everted internally, forming an inverted cone of 25° for 0.12 o.d. below oral margin; externally, for an equal distance, subcylindrical and slightly concave laterally. At its base inner collar contracting at 0.08 t.l. to nuchal diameter of 0.85 o.d. Suboral thick- ening fading out gradually below nuchal constriction. Bowl expanding into an elongated ovoidal form, with greatest diameter (1.65 o.d.) at 1.76 o.d., or 0.53 t.l. below oral margin. Aboral region rounded, its contour a little less than a hemisphere. Wall thickest at base of collar and thinnest at aboral end. L., total, 61; collar, 5. D., oral, 24; greatest, 42 ji. At Sta. 4706, in Drift; at 72°; 1 lorica. Proplectella urn a Kofoid and Campbell Plate 33, fig. 1 Lorica slender, ellipsoidal, seed-shaped, with pointed antapex; 4.4 o.d., or 1.79 greatest diameter. Oral margin sharp, in section an angle of 27°. Suboral region subcylindrical. Oral aperture small, 0.22 t.l. in diameter. Inner collar undeveloped, not angled internally, fading into normal wall within 1.0 o.d. of oral margin with only slight internal convexity. Nuchal diameter a trifle less than oral, its inner walls straight, subvertical, its length 0.12 t.l. Bowl elongated ellipsoidal, with greatest diameter, 2.46 o.d., at 0.44 t.l. below oral margin. An- 25G bulletin: museum of comparative zoology teriorly and externally lorica a truncated cone of 50° merging pos- teriorly into convex middle region of bowl and aborally contracting in inverted convex cone of 90°, with subacute antapex. Wall thickest in collar, tapering to aboral end. L., total, 46; collar, 6. D., oral, 10; greatest 25 m- At 6 stations, viz., at 1 and 5, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 72-81 (75)°; 6 loricse. 28. UNDELLA Daday emended Kofoid and Campbell Undellidse with bowl-shaped, but more often elongated tubular lorica; suboral region in optical section tapering to very thin oral margin, never with suboral ledge or inner collar; never divided into bowl and anterior cylinder, except in calif orniensis; never greatly or abruptly expanded aborally; rings absent; aboral end rounded, angular, pointed, or flattened; wall trilaminate, never reticulate or with distinct prismatic structure. Type species Undella hyalina Daday (1887b, pi. 18, fig. 17) from off Naples, with page priority. Resembles Proplectella in general form and structure of wall more closely than any other genus. Differs from it in complete lack of inner collar and prevalence of elongation, which is lacking only in turgida and hemispherica, but appears only in parva series in Proplectella. Very similar to the simpler species of Parundella, such as minor and grandis, in size, proportions, and pattern of wall, so much so that their generic separation is in some species somewhat arbitrary. The decisive feature which places these two species in Parundella rather than Undella is the tapering aboral end widely prevalent in Parundella, a feature wholly lacking in Undella. Established by Daday (1887b), who included in it three old and three new species, as follows: — U. dohrnii, claparedei (included in Tin- tinnus by Entz, Jr.), hyalina, lachmanni, spiralis (described as Tin- tinnus by Fol), and anadyomcne (described as Tintinnus by Entz, Sr.). Brandt (1907) emended Undella by clarifying the structure of the wall and by removing U. spiralis to Rhabdonella spiralis and U. anadyomene to Tintinnus anadyomcne. The latter species is apparently unidentifi- able, although we place it in Rhabdonella. He also added varieties a (= U. attenuata Jorg.), b (= U. dcclivis K. and C), and c (= U. dilatata K. and C.) to U. hyalina; described as new U. marsupialis (transferred to Undellopsis by us [1929]), U. collaria (transferred to Amplectella by us) with var. a (= Amplectella ampla K. and C), var. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTIXNOINEA 257 b insignis (transferred to Ampleetella by us), and var. c ( = Undellopsis bicollaria K. and C), and U. tridivisa (transferred to Cricundella by us); reduced UndeUa sabacuta Cleve (1901a) (transferred by us to Propleetella) and U. dohrnii Daday (1887b) to varieties a and b of U. claparedei (transferred by us to Propleetella) ; added to U. claparedei var. c (= Propleetella tenuis K. and C), var. d (included by us in Pro- pleetella subacuta [Cleve]), var. e globosa (transferred by us to Proplee- tella), var./ (= Propleetella fastigata [Jorg.] K. and C), var. g ( = Pro- pleetella ovata [Jorg.] K. and C); included U. lachmanni (transferred by us to Parundella) with var. a = (var. grandis Laackmann [1909] = Propleetella grandis [Laack.] K. and C.) and var. b caudata Ostenfeld (1899a) (= Parundella caudata [Ost.] K. and C); described as new U. messinensis ( = Parundella messinensis [Bdt.] Jorg.), and its var. a ( = Parundella attenuata K. and C); included U. hews Cleve (trans- ferred by us to Xystonellopsis) with var. a krameri and var. b dahli (transferred by us as species to Xystonellopsis), and var. e, which Laackmann (1909) made var. brandti and Jorgensen (1924) transferred to Xystonellopsis as a species; and described as new U. armata and U. tenuirostris, which we transferred to Xystonellopsis. Laackmann (1909) added one new species, U. hemisphcrica. Jorgensen (1924) separated Undella into two subgenera, of which one, Parundella, we (1929) raised to generic rank and placed in the Xystonellidse. Jorgensen's concept of Undella was a wide one. We (1929) separated from it not only the genus Parundella, in which he had included U. caudata (sensu lato), U. aculeata and its forma longa (= Parundella longa [Jorg.] K. and C), U. lohmanni (sensu lato), and U. messinensis, but also species which we (1929) segregated into other genera. Into L^ndellopsis we placed his U. marsupialis and its var. subangulata, and also his U. tricollaria (as species), and into Amplee- tella his U. collaria. In 1929 we separated the rather discordant group of species which Brandt (1906, 1907) and Jorgensen (1924) had assembled in Undella, into LTndella (sensu stricto) without rings, inner collar, or ledge, Parun- della with tapering aboral region and no inner collar, Propleetella with inner collar, Ampleetella with rings on cylinder but no ledge, Amplec- tellopsis with no rings on cylinder, and Undellopsis with a suboral ledge. Parundella was placed by us in the Xystonellidse, and the re- maining genera in the new family Undellidse. Contains 19 species, of which 14 occur in Expedition material, 10 of which were new (1929) ; 3, media, mammilata and minuta, are described in this Report, and 15 are included in this Report. One species, U. 258 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology pusilla Paulsen (1904, p. 25) is a nomen nudum, leaving 18 valid species. Subdivided into three series as follows : — the ostenfeldi series, including ostenfeldi, mammilata, clevei, dilatata, and hyalina; the hyali- nella series, including hyalinella, media, declivis, parva, attenuata, and peruana; and the turgida series, including turgida, hemispherica, cali- forniensis, pistillum, dohrnii, and bulla. U. minuta sp. nov. (Plate 24, fig. 5) is the starting point for the ostenfeldi and hyalinella series, (cf footnote on p. 263). Undella bulla Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 21 Lorica elongated cylindrical with a pestle-shaped aboral region; 2.92-3.90 (3.12) o.d. Oral margin thin, narrowly rounded. Oral rim typically developed, with concave outer slope and convex inner one, in section an angle of 18°. Oral region sometimes contracting in a seg- ment of a truncated cone of not over 15°, 0.22-0.25 o.d. in length. Oral diameter 0.31 t.l. Bowl consisting of anterior cylinder and terminal knob. Cylinder decreasing evenly and very slightly from an anterior diameter of 1.06-1.36 (1.17) o.d. for 0.6 t.l., then contracting suddenly, forming an inverted segment of a cone of 27° with a length of 0.25 t.l. Cylindrical section followed by a gradual constriction, or concavity, in aboral third to 0.85-1.00 (0.92) o.d., deepest at 0.66 o.d. from aboral end. Aboral end saccular, 0.15 t.l. in length, usually slightly convexly expanded from constriction, and rounding off in depressed aboral end, 0.7-0.9 o.d. in diameter. Wall uniform in thickness, thickening below oral margin in a sigmoid curve and thinning at deformable aboral end. Four loricpe: L., total, 146-265 (179). D., oral, 45-70 (57.5); suboral ledge, 55-77 (62) ; constriction, 40-50 (46) m- At 5 stations, viz., at 2 and 3, respectively, in California Current and Easter Island Eddy; at 69-75 (72.6)°; 5 lorica?. I'xdella CALiFORNiENSis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24,[fig. 15 Lorica small, shaped like a rather inflated bulb of an electric lamp; 2.42 o.d. or 1.53 its greatest diameter; readily divisible into an anterior cone and bowl. Oral margin acute, in section an angle of 25° with outer slope more convex than inner, 0.2 o.d. in length. No differentiated oral rim or suboral thickening. Oral aperture 0.24 t.l. in diameter. Oral region slightly flaring. Lorica with anterior conical segment merging KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 259 into bowl. Anterior region 0.34 t.I. in length, concave subcorneal (20°) in contour, with posterior diameter of 1.5 o.d. Bowl depressed sub- spheroidal in form, with vertical length (0.76 t.I.) 0.64 its equatorial diameter, and greatest diameter (2.05 o.d.) in midplane of bowl. Ab- oral region depressed hemispheroidal. Wall with maximum thickness in middle of anterior cylinder, and minimum in aboral end. Animal with 2 macronuclei and 2 micronuclei. L., total, 107. D., oral, 45; greatest, 70//. Recorded at the type locality, "Albatross" Sta. 4847 in California Current off Point Conception at 36° 41' N., 132° 26' E., at 76°; 1 lorica. Undella declivis Kofoid and Campbell U. hyalina Ubergangsformen zur var. b, Laackmann, 1909, p. 469. U. dohrni, Alzamora, 1929, pp. 7-8, fig. 16. Lorica stout, tubular, with a subangular aboral region; 2.50-2.98 (2.72) o.d. Oral margin narrowly rounded, thinning within 0.12-0.16 o.d., with concave to sigmoid outer face and convex, concave, or verti- cal inner one. Oral region flaring up to 15° or contracting up to 12°. Oral diameter 0.36-0.40 t.I. Bowl subcylindrical, with upper diameter of 1.02-1.09 (1.07) o.d., and increasing to 1.04-1.12 (1.09) at greatest diameter near middle of lorica; with upper subcylindrical part 0.62-0.73 (0.71) t.I. from oral margin to shoulder of conical intermediate segment below, contracting below shoulder into a truncated and inverted cone of 9-23°, with outwardly concave sides and a length of 0.20-0.25 (0.23) t.I., with an anterior diameter of 0.64-0.87 (0.76) o.d. Aboral region an inverted cone of 108-129°, with convex sides. Tip rounded or pointed. Wall thin laterally, thickening in lower part of intermediate cone and thinning near tip. Animal large, occupying from 0.4 to 0.8 of lorica, with 2 oval macronuclei, each 10 by 12/*. One individual showed a new lateral peristome and had a number of large vacuoles. Eight lorica?: L., total, 123-153 (141.2). D., oral, 49-55 (51.7) m- Brandt's loricse (pi. 63, figs. 4-6) are 143-148 and 55-70/*, the relatively greater diameter suggesting flattening. Jorgensen's Mediterranean material may belong here in part, al- though the lengths given (180-255/*) are all much greater than those typical of the species ; but correlation of length with temperature may play a role in this situation. At 19 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 5, and 12, respectively, in California and South Equatorial currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (74.1)°; 49 loricte. 260 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Undella dilatata Kofoid and Campbell U. dilatata, j>artim, K. and C, 1929, p. 262, fig. 499 (see also U. minuta). Lorica sack-shaped, with slightly enlarged, sometimes faintly angulate, or terminally mammilate aboral end, with wall thickened in swollen region; 2.58-3.24 (2.76) o.d. Oral margin narrowly rounded, with outward slope concave (18°) for 0.1-0.2 o.d. Oral region with no, or but little flare. Lorica below rim 1.02-1.15 o.d. in diameter, con- tinuing for 0.6-0.7 t.l., then bulging with slightest trace of a sub- angular contour in some loricse below this level with a conical (11-16°) expansion, only 0.1 o.d. in length, merging with expanded aboral end. Aboral end hemispherical to subconical, a wide inverted cone (118- 125°), with sides often becoming straight distally; sometimes pointed, but never prolonged, in some lorica1 faintly mammilate. Wall thick in cylinder, thickest in swollen aboral region, thinning evenly in aboral end to nearly thickness of the two lamella?. Cytosome filling from 0.4 to 0.7 of cavity, with 2 large oval macronuclei, 15 by 18/i, and 2 oval micronuclei, 5 by 7/x (premitotic ?), and 20 membranelles. Five loricfe: L., total, 134-162 (143.2). D., oral, 50-52 (51.8); greatest, 60-67 (63) yu. At 12 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, and 9, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-83 (73.5)°; 27 loricae. Undella hemispherica Laackmann Plate 24, fig. 17 Lorica short, wide, broadly pointed bowl-shaped; 1.06-1.95 (1.39) o.d. Oral margin sharp, abruptly acute. Oral rim not clearly defined, triangular (35°) in section, with its outer surface flat, and inner slightly convex, 0.14 t.l., with or without slight constriction below. Oral cavity flaring slightly (15°) for a short distance. Bowl below rim smoothly rounded or in absence of suboral constriction subhemi- spherical in contour, its greatest diameter slightly above middle not exceeding 1.25 o.d. Aboral end more or less broadly rounded or slightly contracted in a very convex inverted cone of 90-100°, more or less subhemispherical. Tip bluntly rounded, with a short apical projection of inner lamella only toward outer one. Wall with prisms in 2 or 3 layers; relatively thick throughout, its maximum thickness in base of oral rim, thinning aborally below equator, thinnest in apical projection of inner lamella. Naviculoid diatoms sometimes adherent to outer surface, and a sparse incrustation of minute ovoidal coccoliths KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 2G1 of Pontosphara not infrequent. Animal moderately large, filling over 0.5 of lorica, with 2 oval macronuelei, each 5 by 8/x, and 2 spherical micronuclei, each 3ix in diameter. Ten lorica: L., total, 61-67 (64.2). D., oral, 42-48 (45.7); greatest, 54-63 (59.6) /z. Oral aperture in our lorica 34-55 n, but in Laackmann's figure 62 ;u. At 29 stations, viz., at 3, 4, 1, 3, and 18, respectively, in California, Mexican, and Equatorial Counter currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 68-85 (79.7)°; 67 lorica. Undella hyalina Daday Lorica shaped like a pointed finger cot, quite elongated cylindrical, except for blunt subangular aboral end; 2.9-3.9 (3.4) o.d. Oral margin narrowly rounded, thinning out for 0.16-0.25 o.d., with convex or con- cave outer slope and inner face in section an angle of 13-18°. Oral region not flaring. Bowl continuing as a cylinder, 0.7 t.l. in diameter, contracting immediately below as an outwardly convex cone, becoming 93-110° distally. Aboral end bluntly pointed. Wall thin, uniform inner and outer lamella enclosing a homogeneous non-prismatic inter- mediate layer; expanding uniformly from oral margin to cylinder, thinning out again in aboral cone to aboral end. Daday (1887b, pi. 18, fig. 17) records 2 small oval macronuelei, 2 micronuclei, and 20 mem- branelles. Three lorica: L., total, 174-190. D., oral, 55-60; greatest, 60-70/z. One lorica from Naples, collected by the senior author in winter of 1908 was 227, 53, and 62 M. Our figure (1929, fig. 511) is a copy of Daday 's (1887b, pi. 18, fig. 17). The magnification of this figure is in obvious error. Daday states in the explanation of his plates that it is "Oc. 3, Syst. 3" which gives approximately X214. On this basis the figured lorica has a length of 329 n, but in text he (p. 564) states that the length is 225-243 /x. At the alternative magnification, "Oc. 3, Syst. 5", used by him in some other figures on his plates, the magnification is X673 which makes length of the lorica in his figure 154^. This length (154/x) is too small and 329 /x is plainly too large. We therefore use Daday 's maximum length (243 /x) as stated in text for the dimensions of the type used in our figure (1929, fig. 511). At 20 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 2, 1, and 13, respectively, in California, Mexican, and Peruvian currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 65-83 (75.4)°; 72 lorica. 262 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Undella hyalinella Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 14 Lorica diminutive, elongated, vase-shaped, with slight but broad suboral constriction, aboral expansion, and tendency to aboral angu- lation; 2.6-3.2 (2.9) o.d. Oral margin narrowly rounded, with vertical inner face and slightly convex outer. Oral region flaring (12-18°) for an oral diameter or 0.20-0.25 t.l. below oral margin, a broad zone of constriction external to maximum of 1 o.d. at 1 o.d. below oral margin, extending over anterior 0.5 of lorica. Due to increasing but slight suboral thickening, lumen constricted at this level to 0.80-0.93 (0.87) o.d. Bowl increasing in diameter from constricted region evenly to greatest diameter (1.1-1.2 o.d.) at 0.55-1.00 (0.70) t.l. from oral margin. Aboral region angular. Bowl convex below, contracting at 0.8 o.d. from aboral end in short (0.5 o.d.) segment of an inverted cone of 15-25°, sometimes with (Plate 24, fig. 9), slight bulge near posterior end and always slightly rounded. Aboral region a wider and shorter cone than the one above it, 0.10-0.20 (0.15) t.l., an inverted cone of 75-88°, with outwardly convex sides. Tip either pointed or moderately rounded. Wall comparatively thick, thickest near base of suboral funnel, thinning out above to oral margin and below, beyond middle of bowl, thickening again to an unusual degree in aboral cone. Three lorica? : L., total, 76-88. D., oral 24-28; greatest, 26-27^. At Sta. 4571, in California Current; at 71°; 3 loricse. Undella mammilata spec, now Plate 24, figs. 11, 13 Lorica cylindrical tube-shaped, with broadly rounded, mammilate aboral end; 3.76-4.11 o.d. in length. Oral margin narrowly rounded, thinning down within 0.16 o.d. of edge, with concave or convex outer and subvertical inner face, in section an angle of 15°. Oral region con- tracting towards margin within a cone of not over 12°. Oral diameter 0.25-0.27 t.l. Lorica below oral rim subcylindrical for 0.87-0.89 t.l., slightly convex outwardly, widest (1.1 o.d.) near middle, contracting in distal 0.16 in a rounded aboral region with hemispherical (or less) contour with a central boss 0.35-0.40 o.d. in basal diameter and 0.35 in length, forming a low inverted dome flattened aborally. Wall with very thin inner and outer lamellae, enclosing a homogeneous, non- prismatic intermediate layer, of nearly uniform thickness from oral rim to base of aboral boss; thinning gradually in boss. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 263 Two lorica3: L., total, 178-203; boss, 4. D., oral, 49-51; greatest, 52-55; base of boss, S-12yu. At 2 stations, viz., at Sta. 4574 in California Current and 4678 in Peruvian Current ; at 68-69° ; 2 lorica?. Undella media spec. nov. Plate 24, figs. 7, 9 U. hyalina var. a, partim, Brandt, 1906, p. 30, pi. 63, fig. 3 (for pi. 63, figs. 1-2, see U. parva). U. parva, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 264 (for p. 264 in part and fig. 508, see U. parva). Lorica fairly stout, elongate thimble-shaped, with blunt-pointed, subangular, slightly enlarged aboral region; 2.40-3.00 (2.83) o.d. Oral margin thin, rounded, with outwardly concave slope (15° from vertical axis) for not over 0.12-0.15 o.d., reaching a diameter of 1.13-1.27 o.d., and inner vertical face. Brandt (pi. 63, fig. 3) shows inner concave and outer vertical faces. Cylindrical upper part of lorica contracting to 1.10-1.17 o.d. below slight suboral expansion, continuing quite evenly for 1.54-1.88 o.d., expanding slightly in short cone (25-45°) for 0.2 o.d. to greatest diameter, 1.13-1.34. (1.23) o.d., below a segment of an inverted cone (14-23°) 0.8 o.d. in length, with straight sides and diameter at aboral end of 1.0 o.d. Aboral end a short, wide, inverted cone (120-135°), 0.25-0.30 o.d. in length, with straight sides. Tip pointed or rounded. Wall subuniform in thickness, in suboral region and lateral wall, thicker in lower cone, and thinnest in aboral end. Animal with 2 globular macronuclei, each 10/z in diameter, and 2 small spherical micronuclei. Seven loricse: L., total, 130-156 (146.5). D., oral, 49-54 (51.7); greatest, 58-66 (63.5) p. Included by us (1929, pp. 259, 264) as a part of parva, in which species we placed loricse both with and without inflated aboral regions. As here divided, media includes the shorter loricse with more angular and inflated aboral regions, leaving in parva the longer, less angular, non-inflated loricse. At 6 stations, viz., at 2 and 4, respectively, in California Current and Drift; at 72-83 (76.5)°; 8 loricse. Undella minuta spec. nov. Non Undella claparedii var. Dohrni, Ostenfeld and Schmidt, 1901, p. 182 (see U. dohrnii). Non Undella dohrni, Alzamora, 1929, pp. 7, 8, fig. 16 (see U. declivis). Undella dohrni forma ? Jorgensen, 1924, pp. 39, 43, fig. 46. Undella dilatata, partim, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 262 (for fig. 499, p. 259, see U. dilatata). Lorica short test tube shaped; 2.54 o.d. Oral margin thin, sharp. Suboral region flaring slightly to 1.08 o.d. due to thickened wall. Bowl a segment of a 264 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Undella ostenfeldi Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 8 Lorica slender, tubular goblet-shaped, subcylindrical anteriorly, with pointed aboral end; 1.91-2.17 (2.01) o.d., or 1.8 greatest di- ameter. Oral margin sharp, thinning on convex inner surface, with outer vertical. Oral region flaring in uppermost 0.5 o.d. Oral diameter 0.45-0.50 (0.48) t.l. Suboral thickening slight, greatest (0.9 o.d.) at 0.15-0.19 (0.17) t.l. below rim. Bowl expanding slightly posteriorly, with greatest diameter, 1.09-1.11 o.d., at 0.33-0.55 (0.45) t.l. from oral margin, tapering convexly to acute or narrowly rounded aboral end in convex cone of 90-105°. Wall thin throughout, its maximum thickness in suboral region and minimum at aboral end. Differs from Proplectella ostenfeldi in absence of inner collar. Five loricse: L., total, 46-51; length of collar, 8-9. D., oral, 23-25; collar, 21 -23 m- At 25 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, and 17, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Peruvian, South and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (73.3)°; 37 loricse. Undella parva Kofoid and Campbell Lorica stout tubular, 2.2-2.8 o.d. in length, cylindrical in anterior 0.66, intermediate region inverted, truncated, conical (33°), 0.75 o.d., in length, aboral end an inverted cone (120°), with slightly convex sides and rounded tip; 0.2 o.d. in length. Oral margin thinned, sharp; no suboral thickening but wall of intermediate cone slightly thickened, thinning distally in aboral tip. Wall thickest in intermediate cone, and thinnest in aboral tip. Four loricae: L., total, 145-180. D., oral, 60-67; aboral end of inter- mediate cone, 40-50/1. Four stations, all in Drift; at 69-79 (73.8)°; 4 loricse. Undella peruana Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 19 Lorica very elongated, test tube-shaped, with a swollen, angular, thicker-walled aboral end; 3.0-4.4 (3.8) o.d. Oral margin thin, sharp, with concave (15-25°) outer and sub vertical inner slope. Oral region cone of 8°. Aboral region subhemispherical, its length 0.75 at its radius, with flattened antapex. Wall with thick laminae, thickest in lower bowl, thinning below. L., total, 74. D., oral 31; greatest, 36ju. Recorded by Jorgensen (1924) from off the east coast of Arabia. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 265 with very slight distal flare, not over 0.1 o.d. from edge. Cylinder with diameter below rim 1.03-1.13 (1.09) o.d., increasing slightly and evenly to greatest diameter at 0.56-0.72 (0.66) t.l. from oral margin to 1.08-1.23 (1.13) o.d. Aboral end characteristically angled, flaring in a segment of a cone (15-17°) 0.08-0.10 t.l. and contracting below in a segment of an inverted cone (20-40°) 0.25-0.35 (0.30) t.l. Aboral end an inverted slightly convex cone of 90-110°. Tip bluntly pointed. Wall, uniformly thin in cylinder, doubling in thickness in upper wall of second cone, and decreasing to minimum in aboral cone. Animal filling 0.5 of cavity of lorica; with 2 large, oval macronuclei, each 10 by 18/jl, and 18 membranelles. Seven lories: L., total, 175-232 (206). D., oral, 48-60 (53.7); greatest, 60-72 (62.5) fx. At 7 stations, viz., at 3 and 4, respectively, in Peruvian Current and Drift; at 68-72 (69.1)°; 30 loricse. Undella pistillum Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 20 Lorica a truncated cone of 15° with rounded base; 2.00-2.62 (2.21) o.d. Anterior cylinder and bowl not differentiated. Oral aperture 0.38-0.50 (0.46) t.l. in diameter. Oral region slightly everted. Oral margin broadly rounded, thinning slightly for 0.33 o.d. below edge. No differentiated oral rim. Suboral thickened zone not always well developed, vaguely defined, about 0.5 o.d. in length, with maximum diameter 0.5 o.d. below oral margin, causing slight external bulge to an external diameter of 1.11-1.22 (1.14) o.d., but not encroaching much upon lumen. Bowl not clearly differentiated, 0.30-0.40 (0.35) t.l. in length, measured to level of change in flare, increasing evenly in diameter as a truncated cone of 15° for 0.5 its length to maximum diameter of 1.10-1.33 o.d., then turning rather abruptly to form low, depressed, subhemispherical aboral end. Wall with maximum thick- ness in middle of bulge, half as thick in other parts of lorica, except for slight decrease on aboral end. Three lorica? : L., total, 90-120. D., oral, 45-50; bulge, 50-64/i. At 3 stations, viz., at 2 and 1, respectively, in California and Peru- vian currents; at 67-83 (73)°; 3 loricse. Undella turgida Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 16 Lorica very broadly bowl-shaped, with bluntly pointed aboral region; 1.11-1.31 (1.19) o.d.; about as wide as long. Oral margin thin, 26G bulletin: museum of comparative zoology narrowly rounded. Oral region very slightly everted (10°). Oral aper- ture 0.80-0.88 (0.83) t.l. in diameter. Oral rim very low, clearly differentiated, 0.05-0.08 (0.06) t.l. in length. Bowl below rim very slightly flattened laterally in anterior 0.4, broadly rounded, truncated ovoidal, with greatest diameter, 1.10-1.38 (1.23) o.d., at, or shortly below, slight shoulder below oral rim. Aboral region contracting in lower half of bowl to a broadly rounded or convex cone (100°). Tip bluntly rounded or subacute. Wall with prisms in middle layer in 3 rows in thickened region below oral rim and 2 elsewhere; with maximum thickness (0.06 o.d.) below oral rim, thinning out evenly to not over 0.03 at tip. Five lories? : L., total, 41-44 (42.8). D., oral, 33-37 (35.6); greatest, 43-44 (43.4) /x. At 6 stations, viz., at 1 and 5, respectively, in Galapagos Eddy and Drift; at 68-76 (73)°; 6 loricse. 29. AMPLECTELLA Kofoid and Campbell Undellidse with lorica consisting of an anterior cylinder with rings and a short expanded aboral bowl; suboral region gradually thinning orally to entire oral margin; differentiated oral rim, suboral ledge and suboral thickening absent; 1-4 rings present on cylinder and generally one on bowl formed by outward buckling and thickening of wall; aboral end broadly rounded, rarely bluntly pointed; wall trilaminate without secondary prismatic structure in the intermediate layer; marine, eupelagic in tropical and semitropical seas. Type species Amplectella collaria (Brandt) K. and C. from the Sargasso Sea as figured by Brandt (1906, pi. 63, fig. 12). Brandt (1906, 1907), Jorgensen (1924), and Laackmann (1909) included species of this genus in Undella. Brandt described U. collaria with var. a ( = Amplectella ampla K. and C.) and var. b insignis ( = A. insignis [Bdt.]). Laackmann (1909) added the species U. monocollaria. We (1929) established the genus with A. collaria as type; raised Brandt's two varieties to specific rank; and added three new species, occidentalis, pr&acuta, and quadricollaria. Brandt's Undella collaria var. c was assigned by us (1929) to Undellopsis bicollaria because of the suboral ledge. Distinguished from Amplectellopsis by rings on cylinder as well as bowl; from Undella and Proplectella by well developed rings, the aboral angulations in Undella being the nearest approach to rings; from Undellopsis by absence of suboral ledge ; and from Cricundella by presence of an expanded bowl. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 207 Includes 8 species, of which 7 occur in Expedition material. Of the 8 species, 5 were new, all occurring in Expedition material. One, bullosa, is described in this Report, and the other 4 were described in our Conspectus (1929). The 8 species, insignis, occidentalis, collaria, monocollaria, bulbosa, ampla, prcpacuta, and quadricollaria, form an im- perfect series. Amplectella ampla Kofoid and Campbell Lorica with long, wide anterior cylinder with 2 narrow rings and de- pressed subangular bowl; 2.3 o.d. Oral margin sharp, gradually thinning for 0.2 o.d. in an angle of 12° in section. Oral rim not de- veloped. Oral region flaring 5-10° for 0.3 o.d. Anterior cylinder 0.63 t.L, increasing in diameter from oral margin to first ring for 0.24 t.L, a truncated segment of a cone of 8°. First ring triangular in section with straight sides, with diameter of 1.32 o.d., with upper angle with axis 44°, and lower 40°. Interannular zone with flattened concave outer surface, increasing in diameter to second ring at 0.17 t.l. below first, with diameter of 1.42 o.d., with upper angle 52°, and lower 40°, with flat or slightly concave surfaces, and outer edge broadly rounded. Cylinder continuing below second ring as above for 0.22 t.L, increasing evenly in diameter posteriorly to 1.22 o.d. Bowl moderately inflated subangular, 0.37 t.l., less than half as long as anterior cylinder, and 0.54 its greatest width in length, with maximum diameter (1.69 o.d.) near middle, with upper surface slightly convex, forming angle of 55° with diameter. Wall below subangular equator nearly straight in section, forming an angle of 44° with slightly flattened aboral end of bowl. Aboral end rounded or flattened, 0.8 o.d. in diameter. Wall with finely prismatic intermediate layer of uneven thickness. Wall of anterior cylinder half as thick as in rings and bowl thinning near aboral end. L., total, 119. D., oral, 51; first ring, 65; second ring, 69; greatest, 83 m- At 2 stations, viz., at 1 each in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 72-75°; 3 loricse. Amplectella bulbosa spec. nov. Plate 25, fig. 3 Lorica stout bag-shaped, with rather short anterior cylinder with single flange-like ring, a stout, inflated bowl with a low aboral pro- jection; 2.23 o.d. Oral margin sharp, with convex outer and oblique 268 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology inner surface, in section an angle of 25°. Anterior cylinder above ring 0.29 t.l., or 0.65 o.d., in length, with diameter above ring 1.06 o.d. Oral region flaring (10°) for 0.5 o.d. Ring flange-like, forming a cone of 60° in section, with narrowly rounded edge, 1.29 o.d. in diameter, asymmetrical, with upper angle 35° with axis, and lower one only 25°. Bowl below ring 0.71 t.l., or 1.63 o.d. in length, increasing in diameter from 1.1 o.d. at oral end for 1.0 o.d., to maximum diameter, 1.29 o.d., at equator, the same as ring above, a truncated cone of 21°, 0.9 o.d. in length. Aboral region baggy, depressed hemispheroidal, with horizon- tal radius 1.12 times vertical, and length below level of maximum diameter 0.75 o.d., with central aboral projection, a low inverted dome of 0.12 o.d. in length, with base nearly 0.5 o.d. in diameter. Lumen follows contour closely without entering ring. Wall subuniform in thickness on cylinder, doubled on ring, de- creasing on bowl, and thinnest in aboral projection. L., total, 106; to ring, 30. D., oral, 50; ring, 67 ju. At Sta. 4703, in Drift; at 73°; 1 lorica. Amplectella collaria (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Undella collaria, Hensen, 1911, p. 243. Lorica with moderately long and comparatively slender anterior cylinder with 2 rings, depressed bowl with angled or rounded edge, and subhemispherical aboral end; 2.06-2.38 (2.30) o.d. Oral margin thinning out to rounded edge. Oral region flaring 5-10°, increasing distally for 0.3 o.d. Oral rim low, feebly differentiated, 0.22 o.d. in length, with outwardly sigmoid contour, in some individuals not developed and wall thinning gradually from first ring to margin. Anterior subcylinder 0.59-0.63 (0.61) t.l., with basal diameter 1.16 o.d. First ring at 0.24-0.27 (0.25) t.l. from oral margin, 1.10-1.35 (1.22) o.d. in diameter, upper angle 20-70° and lower 15-20°; ranging from broadly rounded to rather sharply angular contour. Second ring at 0.40-0.54 (0.46) t.l. from oral margin, 1.21-1.33 (1.30) o.d. in diameter, with same angular slopes as first ring. Cylinder below second ring gradually increasing in diameter as it merges with bowl. Bowl 0.37-0.41 (0.39) t.l., 1.54-1.78 (1.63) o.d. in diameter at widest level near middle, and 0.35-0.50 t.l. in greatest diameter. Angle of upper half of bowl between cylinder and widest level 30-45° from vertical, and that between widest level and antapex 60-70°, with sur- faces outwardly convex. Aboral end broadly rounded, or slightly flattened. Wall thinning adorally in thickness in anterior cylinder, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 269 0.10-0.16 o.d. in two rings, 0.11-0.17 in anterior and 0.10-0.12 in pos- terior part of bowl. Five loricae: L., total, 106-119 (114.2). D., oral, 51-63 (49.5); first ring, 55-63 (60.2) ; second ring, 61-67 (64.2); aboral, 70-90 (80.4) m- At 16 stations, viz., at 4 and 12, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 70-81 (75.1)°; 34 loricae. Amplectella monocollaria (Laackmann) Kofoid and Campbell Loriea with very long anterior cylinder with one ring and low, very wide, bowl with subangular ring; 2.29-2.50 (2.44) o.d. Oral margin thin, sharp, in section an angle of 10°. Oral region flaring up to 12° from above ring. Anterior cylinder 0.55-0.65 (0.61) total length in length, decreasing in diameter evenly, except for ring, from oral margin to bowl to 1.00-1.21 (1.13) o.d. below. Ring projecting, sharp- angled, 0.33-0.41 (0.38) t.l. from oral margin, with upper slope 50-60° from vertical, and lower 35-40°; 1.20-1.37 (1.27) o.d. in diameter. Cylinder below ring deeply concave outwardly, sometimes with out- wardly convex median expansion, or more usually gradually expand- ing into bowl. Bowl much depressed, its length 0.5-0.6 its width, its diameter 1.55-1.80 (1.68) o.d. at equator; with equatorial edge, or ring, angular in most loricse or slightly rounded in others; with upper angle of ring 32-40° from vertical, and lower one 50-70°; with out- wardly convex surfaces. Aboral end broadly rounded or slightly flattened. Wall thinnest in anterior cylinder and aboral end, thickened in anterior ring and above widest part of bowl. Animal with cytosome filling posterior half of loriea, with 3 (?) ovoidal macronuclei. Eight loricse: L., total, 116-127 (122). D., oral, 46-53 (50) ; anterior diameter, 50-54; greatest, 75-92 (85.3) ix. At 13 stations, viz., at 2, 2, 1, 2, and 6, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift ; at 68-83 (74.8)°; 34 loriea?. Amplectella occidentalis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 4 Loriea vase-like with feebly developed rim and bowl ; with a single, prominent, sharp-angled ring on anterior cylinder; bowl with subangu- lar antapex; 2.16-2.41 (2.30) o.d. Oral margin sharp, with slightly convex outer and flaring (10°) inner surface, 0.12 o.d. in length, in section an angle of 20°. Oral diameter 0.42-0.45 t.l. Anterior cylinder 270 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.54-0.63 (0.57) t.l., or 1.4 o.d. in length, expanding evenly from oral margin as a segment of an inverted cone of not over 5° to its junction with bowl, with basal diameter of 1.2 o.d. Single ring wedge-shaped in section, with rounded edge, 0.67-0.90 (0.77) o.d. below oral margin, with diameter of 1.32-1.45 (1.36) o.d., asymmetrical, with upper slope 35-45°, and lower one 45-55° from vertical. Bowl subelliptical in sec- tion, bluntly angled below, 0.37-0.46 (0.43) t.l. in length, expanding evenly from lower end of cylinder to greatest diameter (1.27-1.55 [1.45] o.d.) at 0.75-1.60 o.d. from oral margin, with upper slope 12-20° from vertical, contracting aborally abruptly as an inverted cone (115- 120°) with convex sides. Antapex bluntly pointed. Lumen scarcely enters ring. Wall thinnest in anterior cylinder, thickest in ring and upper bowl, and thinning posteriorly. Three lorica3: L., total, 106-110; to central ring, 33-42; from ring to posterior expansion, 40-45 ; from posterior expansion to antapex, 28-30. D., oral, 44-49; ring, 62-64; greatest, 62-73 ix. The measurements published by us (1929, p. 254) for this species included those of A. bulbosa. The removal of this is the cause of the changes in dimension recorded here. At 6 stations in Drift; at 68-81 (75.2)°; 7 lorica?. Amplectella pr.eacuta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 12 Lorica with moderately long anterior cylinder with 2 rings, and short bowl with sharply angular aboral end; 2.24 o.d. Oral margin sharp, in section an angle of 22°, with faintly sigmoid outer and oblique inner face. Oral region flaring 20° for 0.3 o.d. Oral rim feebly developed, 0.14 o.d. in length, expanding below to 1.14 o.d. Anterior cylinder 0.64 t.l. First ring at 0.26 t.l. from oral margin, with diameter of 1.29 o.d., upper angle 24° and lower 40°, with both upper and lower contours slightly concave. Second ring at 0.47 t.l. below oral margin, 1.33 o.d. in diameter, with same angular slopes and form as first. Interannular region asymmetrically concave, deeper aborally, with least diameter 1.1 o.d. Cylinder below second ring again contracting immediately to 1.1 o.d., increasing in a concave truncated cone (30°) as it merges with up- per bowl. Bowl 0.36 t.l., with equatorial diameter of 1.57 o.d. at little below middle of bowl, or 0.76 t.l. from oral margin. Upper part of bowl wide, truncate segment of cone (70°), with slightly concave sides. Aboral half of bowl sharply angular below, inverted, slightly convex cone (120°), with length 0.3 its basal diameter. Outer rim of bowl KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 271 broadly rounded. Antapex blunt. Wall subuniform in thickness throughout with slight increases in rings and anterior bowl, thinning slightly in aboral region. L., total, 105. D., oral, 47; first ring, 62; second ring, 63; aboral, 74/*. At Sta. 4695, in Easter Island Eddy; at 74°; 1 lorica. Amplectella quadricollaria Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 13 Lorica with long anterior cylinder with 4 bulging, rounded rings, and low, much depressed bowl; 2.2 o.d. Oral margin broadly rounded, with concave outer and convex inner surface thinning slightly. Oral region flaring slightly. Oral rim scarcely differentiated from flare into first ring. First ring less developed than others, 1.14 o.d. in diameter, at 0.21 t.l. below oral margin. Second ring 1.22 o.d. in diameter, 0.45 o.d. below oral rim. Third ring 0.39 t.l. below oral margin, with maximum diameter of 1.22 o.d. Fourth ring with maximum diameter of 1.24 o.d., 0.51 t.l. from oral margin. All rings bulging, with broadly rounded periphery, with concave, gutter-like interspaces with depth increasing to 0.15 o.d. above bowl, asymmetrical, with upper slope usually shorter. Cylinder increasing slightly and regularly in diameter from oral margin to 1.06 o.d. at base, 0.57 t.l. in length. Bowl narrowly elliptical in section, 0.43 t.l., with diameter 1.1 its length, expanding evenly, with outwardly convex contour from aboral end of cylinder, with maximum diameter (1.42 o.d.) midway. Aboral end broadly rounded. Wall thinning adorally, subuniform in thickness elsewhere, except in thinning suboral region. L., total, 101 ; anterior cylinder, 63; bowl, 38. D., oral, 49; first ring, 55; second ring, 60; third ring, 59; fourth ring, 62; bowl, 70 /x. At Sta. 4705, in Drift; at 72°; 2 loricse. 30. AMPLECTELLOPSIS Kofoid and Campbell Undellidse with lorica without suboral ledge; anterior cylinder with- out rings, or only with a feebly developed one merging gradually with expanded bowl; wall trilaminate; marine, in tropical seas. Type species Amplectellopsis biedermanni K. and C, from Sta. 4701 in Drift of Eastern Tropical Pacific. Length of lorica 107-1 19 ju, and oral diameter 45-50 /x. Like Amplectella in form and proportions, differing from it in absence of rings on cylinder and lack of internal bulging, even in in- 272 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology cipient ring in biedermanni. It represents stages morphologically antecedent to Amplectella and Undellopsis. The addition of rings on the anterior cylinder leads to the former, and the differentiation of a suboral ledge, to the latter. Established by us (1929) for two new species, angularis and bieder- manni, both from Expedition material. Amplectellopsis angularis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 9 Lorica simple, stout vase-like, subcylindrical above, with expanding bowl with angular ring very near flattened aboral end, without ring on cylinder; 2.22-2.54 (2.36) o.d. Oral margin thinned, rather sharp. Oral region flaring 7°. Oral diameter 0.42-0.45 (0.42) t.l. Anterior region concave subconical (8°), 0.52-0.62 t.l., increasing evenly to 1.02-1.14 o.d. above bowl. Bowl 0.38-0.44 t.l., with upper part a truncated segment of a convex cone (8°) 0.5 o.d. in length, and lower 0.3 o.d., a depressed hemisphere with length 0.2 diameter; with an angular or bluntly rounded ring at 0.80-0.86 t.l. from oral margin, 1.47-1.67 (1.56) o.d. in diameter across ring. Wall hyaline, with very distinct, uniform inner and outer lamellae enclosing a homogeneous intermediate layer three times thickness of a lamella; thinning gradu- ally adorally in anterior subcylinder, thickest in anterior bowl, and across ring, thinnest aborally. Seven loricse: L., total, 109-119 (114.6). D., oral, 45-50 (48.4); at ring, 68-80 (74.7)//. At 12 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 9, respectively, in Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 72-81 (76)°; 21 loricse. Type locality Sta. 4689, and not 4685 as earlier stated by us (1929, p. 256). Amplectellopsis biedermanni Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 2 Lorica stout vase-like, or like a Mexican drinking cup, with slightly expanded bowl with long upper and short lower regions, angular equatorial ring and a low, rounded aboral end, 2.37-2.51 o.d. Oral margin thinned to sharp edge in an angle of 5°. Suboral region flaring 10°. Oral diameter 0.40-0.41 t.l. Anterior region cylindrical above in- cipient ring, forming 0.38-0.41 t.l., below which a slight, broadly rounded, annular expansion of outer wall attains a diameter of only 1.16 o.d. Bowl asymmetrically divided into longer upper region and KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 273 watch-glass shaped aboral region; the upper a truncated segment of a cone (35°), terminating below in an outwardly projecting angular ring; 0.S7 t.l. from oral margin, with upper slope of 15-20° and lower 40-50° from vertical; and diameter 1.55-1.67 o.d. Aboral region a low, inverted, depressed dome with length 0.25 its diameter at ring. Wall hyaline, with very distinct, thick, double-contoured inner and outer lamella?, uniform in thickness, enclosing a middle homogeneous layer; subuniform in thickness in anterior cylinder, doubling in thickness in incipient ring and anterior part of bowl, and thickest in equatorial ring. Two loricse: L., total, 107-113. D., oral, 45; ledge, 52; greatest, 70-75 /x. At Sta. 4701, in Drift; at 72°; 2 loricas. 31. UNDELLOPSIS Kofoid and Campbell Undellidse with a stout, tall cup-shaped lorica; suboral ledge well de- veloped, with outer sigmoid outline; lorica with or without expanded aboral region forming a bowl; with or without rings; aboral end hem- ispherical, rounded, flattened, squarely truncated, or umbilicated; wall trilaminate; marine, from tropical and subtropical seas. Type species Undellopsis marsupialis (Bdt.) K. and C, from Atlantic North Equatorial Current (Brandt, pi. 63, fig. 8). In shape, proportions, rings, and wall allied to Amplectella and Amplectellopsis. In suboral ledge, number of rings (6 in umbilicata), and diversity of structure of aboral end, it reaches the highest struc- tural evolution attained in the Undellidae, surpassed in length and volume only by some species of Undella. Suboral ledge does not occur elsewhere in the Undellidse, but is characteristic of Epicancella, Epiorella, and Ptychocylis, cup-shaped genera which have considerable resemblance to Undellopsis in suboral structure and presence of rings, but in which wall structure is wholly different and a pointed aboral horn is usually present. The resemblances between Undellopsis and Ptychocylis are so striking as to suggest relationship rather than con- vergence, were it not for the striking distinctness in wall structure. Established by us (1929) to include, beside 5 new species, marsupialis (Brandt) and tricollaria (Laackmann), assigned to it from Undella. Contents. Contains 14 species, of which 9 are in Expedition collec- tions, and 11 new, 8 of which were described in the Conspectus (1929) and 3 in this Report. Of the 11 new species, 9 are from Expedition collections. Subdivided by us (1929) into two subgenera, Undellopsis K. and C. and Undellicricos K. and C. 274 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Subgenus UNDELLOPSIS Kofoid and Campbell Undellopsis with no rings on lorica below suboral ledge ; bowl differ- entiated from anterior cylinder only in lineata and entzi, aboral end rounded, flattened, angled, or pointed, never hemispherical; marine in tropical seas. Type species Undellopsis marsupialis (Bdt.) K. and C. from the North Equatorial Current of the Atlantic (Brandt, 1906, pi. 63, fig. 8). Contains 1 series, including marsupialis, cubitum, entzi, lineata, pacifica, and subangulata. In our Conspectus (1929) we included insignata in this subgenus, but we now transfer it to Undellicricos because of its well developed bowl, and especially because of equatorial ring on bowl. Subgenus UNDELLICRICOS Kofoid and Campbell Undellopsis with one to six rings; lorica more or less differentiated into anterior cylinder and bowl except in nuda and umbilicata; aboral end hemispherical or broadly rounded, except in truncata, in which it is flattened, and umbilicata, in which it is umbilicated; marine, in tropical seas. Contains one series, including bicollaria, insignata, anu- larius, angulata, tricollaria, truncata sp. nov., umbilicata, and nuda sp. nov. Kofoid and Campbell mss. based on one of Laackmann's two figures (1909, p. 470, pi. 49, fig. 19) of Undella tricollaria. LTNDELLOPSIS ANGULATA spec. nov. Plate 25, fig. 7 Udps. bicollaria, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 272 (for Udps. bicollaria see K. and C, fig. 521). Lorica stout, inflated thimble-shaped, with three very prominent rings, an anterior cylinder with ring-like ledge and one ring, and annu- late, much depressed, subspheroidal bowl, 2.4 o.d. Oral region gradu- ally flaring (15°) internally for 0.5 o.d. Oral margin rounded. Oral rim expanding within 0.18 o.d. below oral margin into heavy suboral ledge 1.24 o.d. in diameter, with outer slope sigmoidal and inner sloping 17° from vertical, with outer edge slightly rounded in angle of 130°. Cylin- der contracting evenly below ledge for 0.88 o.d. to not over 1.0 o.d. in a segment of a concave inverted cone of 34°, 0.4 o.d. in length, then expanding in a segment of a concave cone of 75° to first ring, 1.28 o.d. in diameter; contracting again at 0.95 o.d. below oral margin to 1.23 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 275 o.d. in a less concave constriction than one above it, with upper and lower concave cones of 45° and 40°, and 0.23 and 0.36 o.d. in length, respectively; expanding again evenly to equatorial ring in bowl 1.55 o.d. in diameter. Both rings sharply angled (105° and 122°, respec- tively), not so rounded outwardly as suboral ledge; 0.6 o.d. apart. Bowl depressed hemispheroidal, 1.0 o.d. in length; its aboral part form- ing an inverted dome with vertical radius 0.69 its horizontal and length of 0.55 o.d. Wall subuniform in thickness throughout, except for abrupt aboral thinning, slight increase in rings, and very thin aboral region. L., total, 102. D., oral, 50; ledge, 62; first ring, 64; second ring, 55 \i. Included by us (1929, p. 272) with Udps. bicollaria, here separated on basis of its more slender proportions, slighter middle ring, and equa- torial ring instead of groove. At Sta. 4681 in Drift; at 68°; 1 lorica. Undellopsis anularius Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 5 Udps. anularius, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 267, 374 (for fig. 520 see Udps. truncata). Udps. anularis K. and C, 1929, p. 271; lapsus pennse; see p. 374. Lorica short pestle-shaped, with long anterior cylinder with one ring, feebly developed suboral ledge, and subangular, spheroidal bowl, 2.49 o.d. Oral margin thinned, narrowly rounded. Oral rim feebly developed, with outer slope outwardly concave and inner subvertical, 0.26 o.d. in length, in section an angle of 20°, flaring below into ledge. Suboral ledge broadly rounded, with diameter of 1.16 o.d. at 0.26 o.d. below oral margin. Suboral region cylindrical. Anterior cylinder 0.56 t.l. to first ring, outwardly slightly concave, with diameter of 1.21 o.d. at 0.41 t.l. below oral margin, with upper slope of 20° and lower of 18°, outwardly rounded, in one lorica not well developed. Cylinder con- tracting below ring for 0.13 t.l. as a truncated inverted segment of a cone of 30°, merging below with anterior end of bowl at deep constric- tion to 1.0 o.d. Bowl 0.4 t.l., subspheroidal, divided into anterior, more rapidly contracting section, 0.12 t.l., a segment of a slightly concave cone of 70°, and terminal section 0.3 t.l., 1.44 o.d. in diameter, some- what exceeding a hemisphere in contour, and with traces of postero- lateral angulation. Second ring feebly developed, at junction of two 276 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology sections of bowl, at 0.66 t.l. from oral margin. Aboral end subhemis- pherical, with apical bulge due to externally thickened wall. Wall thickest in suboral ledge, subuniform elsewhere, except for very slight thickening in rings and aboral tip, thinning radially around the tip. L., total, 112. D., oral, 45; ring, 52; greatest, 60 //. Undellopsis truncata was included by us (1929, p. 271) in Udps. anu- larius, modifying its content only in the range in dimensions and in the reference in the comparison with other species to the "more flattened aboral end." At 2 stations, viz., at 1 each in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 72-75°; 3 loricse. Undellopsis cubitum Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 14 Lorica a stout cylinder with very short oral rim, short, slightly conical aboral cone, and squarely truncated aboral end; 2.4 o.d. Oral region contracting slightly for 1.0 o.d. Oral margin acute, thinning down abruptly. Oral rim low, 0.09 o.d. in length, with inner wall sub- vertical and outer wall sloping outwardly 30-45°. Suboral ledge angled (140°), with diameter of 1.2-1.3 (1.25) o.d. Bowl cylindrical, con- tracting less than 2° posteriorly, to posterior 0.12-0.28 (0.24), con- tracting here more sharply to form inverted, truncated segment of a cone of 15-20°, with flat or slightly outwardly concave sides. Aboral end abruptly truncated and slightly rounded, 1.08-1.10 (1.09) o.d. in diameter. Wall subuniform in thickness, thicker in suboral ledge, thickening in sides of aboral cone, thinning down in rounded aboral end. Two loricse: L., total, 117-123. D., oral, 49-51 fx. At Sta. 4713 in Galapagos Eddy; at 73°; 5 loricse. Undellopsis entzi Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 18 Lorica like a small, stout saltcellar with flange, neck, and bowl with flat aboral end; angular suboral ledge at lower level than usual; 2.21-2.42 (2.23) o.d. Oral margin narrowly rounded. Oral rim un- usually wide, with concave outer and convex inner slope, in section an angle of 25°. Suboral ledge outwardly subangular (140°), 0.25 o.d. in width, with greatest diameter, 1.2 o.d., at 0.27 o.d. below oral margin. Suboral region flaring 10° for 0.45 o.d. Oral opening 0.45 t.l. Anterior KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 277 subcylinder 0.5 t.l. Anterior section subcylindrical continuing for 1.0-1.4 o.d. below suboral ledge, its diameter increasing evenly to 1.3-1.6 o.d. above bowl. Bowl with shape of an angular kettle with greatest diameter 1.7 o.d. at 1.5-1.7 o.d. below oral margin; its upper part truncated segment of cone of 68-88°; its lower part segment of slightly convex inverted concave cone of 42-50°, with angles sharper than that of suboral ledge. Aboral end squarely truncated, forming a wide, flattened disc of same diameter as oral opening. Wall hyaline and homogeneous, with neither double contour of lamellae nor pris- matic structure distinguishable; thickest in suboral ledge and angle of bowl, slightly thinner in anterior cylinder and flat aboral end. Two loricoe: L., total, 108-115; to first ring, 12-14; from ring to bowl, 56-65; bowl, 38. D., oral, 48-52; suboral, 56-62; bowl, 75-85; aboral, 46-47/*- At Sta. 4679 in Drift; at 69°; 2 lorica. Undellopsis insignata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 1 Lorica shaped like a saltcellar with laterally concave cylinder shorter (0.S) than basin-shaped bowl with widely flaring ring; 2.48 o.d. Oral margin narrowly rounded. Oral rim 0.25 o.d. in length, with deeply concave outer and convex oblique inner slope. Suboral ledge outwardly rounded, 1.24 o.d. in diameter, its upper concave slope 28°, and lower, more nearly flat 45° from vertical. Oral region flaring widely (27°) for 1.0 o.d. Oral diameter 0.29 t.l. Anterior cylinder 0.43 t.l., deeply concave laterally, contracting to 1.0 o.d., increasing evenly below mid- dle to 1.14 o.d. at junction with bowl. Bowl 0.57 t.l., with flaring upper part, a short, concave and truncated segment of a cone of 85°, 0.14 t.l., merging at its base with thickened, projecting ring of bowl. Ring 0.57 t.l. from oral margin, 1.76 o.d. in diameter, with concave oral and aboral slopes, in section an angle of 75°. Lower section, below ring, bowl-shaped, with almost straight sides for nearly 0.67 its length, contracting below abruptly to a broadly rounded, somewhat depressed aboral end. Aboral region less than a hemisphere, its length 0.33 its diameter. Wall thickest in suboral ledge and ring, gradually increasing toward ring on bowl, thinning in aboral end. Lumen not extending into suboral thickening, but entering ring. L., total, 104; to first ring, 7; from oral to posterior ring, 53. D., oral, 30; greatest, 74 /*. At Sta. 4583 in California Current; at 83°; 1 lorica. 278 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Undellopsis pacifica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 24, fig. 22 Lorica long thimble-shaped, subcylindrical, with depressed, broadly rounded aboral end, 1.86-2.23 (2.13) o.d. Oral region contracted slightly only within rim. Oral margin broadly rounded. Oral rim thinning out abruptly, very low, less than 0.1 o.d. in length, with inner face slightly incurved and outer sloping 20-30° due to amount of thickening. Suboral ledge outwardly rounded, much thickened, up- wardly concave, 1.12-1.20 o.d. in diameter. Lorica below ledge either cylindrical, contracting slightly (up to 3°) aborally, or concave above middle and expanding aborally to a diameter of 1.00-1.32 (1.17) o.d. at 0.75 t.l. from oral margin. Aboral end broadly rounded, less than a hemisphere, 0.25-0.45 its width in length. Wall thickest in suboral ledge, thinning aborally in cylinder and in aboral center. Animal pre- served in a number of loricse, with 2 macronuclei, oval or bean-shaped, from 10 by 12ju to 12 by 25 /*, in interfission phases. Late fission phases with 4 oval macronuclei, from 12 by 14^t to 16 by 20/x, associated in two pairs, one pair posterior and one anterior to new, laterally located peristome. In one individual 9 membranelles on one side. Lower part of cytosome contained skeletal plates of dinoflagellates and other food detritus. Ten loricse: L., total, 103-122 (108.5). D., oral, 48-55 (51.8); great- est, 54-66 (59.8) M- At 17 stations, viz., at 3, 4, 2, 2, and 6, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-83 (72.7)°; 32 loricse. Undellopsis tricollaria (Laackmann) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica a slender truncated cone, with heavy suboral ledge and 3 rings, low, kettle-shaped bowl with hemispheroidal aboral end; 2.00- 2.21 (2.10) o.d. Oral margin thin, subacute. Oral region contracting inwardly very abruptly within a cone of 12-32° above level of suboral ledge. Oral rim suberect, incurved, with concave to sigmoid outer slope and concave inner slope, in section an angle of 25-40°. Suboral ledge 0.20-0.25 o.d. below oral margin, 1.22-1.33 (1.27) o.d. in diam- eter, with outer edge a broadly rounded angle (115°), with sides out- wardly concave above and convex below. Subcylindrical part of lorica below ledge, measured either on rings or in concavities between them, narrowly conical (9-14°), encircled by three very prominent rings, two KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 279 on cylinder and one on equator of bowl. First and second rings tending to be closer together than either ledge and first or second and third rings. Upper two concavities subequal and symmetrical, the third wider, asymmetrical, deeper near second ring. First ring at 0.25-0.35 (0.30) t.l. below oral margin, 1.23-1.37 (1.29) o.d. in diameter, its upper angle 22-32°, its lower 40-52°. Second ring at 0.40-0.50 (0.46) t.l. from oral margin, 1.30-1.49 (1.38) o.d. in diameter, its upper angle 45-52°, the lower 30-62°. Wall contracting rather suddenly below this ring for less than 0.1 t.l., expanding quickly below at an angle of 18-30° from vertical, with straight or very slightly convex walls as lorica widens into bowl. Third ring on equator at 0.64-0.73 (0.70) t.l. from oral margin, 1.36-1.68 (1.54) o.d. in diameter. Outer contour of lorica as a whole presenting a linear series of regular con- cavities and elevations of slightly increasing diameters formed by sub- oral ledge and 3 successive rings. Bowl kettle-shaped, 0.8-1.0 o.d. in length measured from third concavity, depressed subspheroidal in con- tour, with protuberant angular ring at its greatest diameter somewhat above its middle. Upper bowl a segment of a cone of 32-53°, 0.35-0.55 o.d. in length; the lower an inverted, depressed dome, 0.5-0.7 o.d. in length. In contour aboral region of shorter loricse nearly segment of a sphere, of longer ones a prolate hemisphere. Equatorial ring varying greatly in development, always protuberant and sometimes nearly as emergent as those on cylinder above, subhemispherical, 0.35-0.45 its width in length. Wall hyaline, with thin bilaminate lamellae enclosing homogeneous, intermediate, thicker layer thickest in suboral ledge, slightly thickened in rings, uniformly thinner in lower bowl. Six loricse: L., total, 98-106 (102.0). D., oral, 47-51 (48.0); suboral ledge, 60-63 (61.2); first ring, 62-69 (64.7); second ring, 64-71 (68.7); third ring, 72-80 (74.8) n. At 11 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 4, and 5, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-83 (73.1)°; 19 loricse. Undellopsis truncata spec. nov. Plate 25, fig. 10 Udps. anularius, partim,K. and C, 1929, p. 271 (for fig. 520 see Udps.anularius). Lorica like a tall saltcellar, with a long neck with flange, ring, and expanded, aborally flattened, subangular bowl; 2.22-2.46 o.d. Oral margin moderately thick, narrowly rounded. Oral rim with outwardly concave (25°) sigmoid slope and inner oblique one, in section an angle 280 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology of 22°, expanding evenly to ledge. Suboral ledge 0.24-0.27 o.d. below oral margin, with diameter of 1.08-1.11 o.d., and broadly rounded edge. Suboral region flaring 15° internally for 0.5 o.d., more abruptly near margin. Cylinder, measured to center of concavity above bowl, 1.33 o.d. in length. Ring submedian in cylinder at 0.92-0.96 o.d. below oral margin, outwardly rounded subangular (90°), with diameter of 1.11- 1.16 o.d. Contour between suboral ledge and first ring shallowly con- cave, constricted to 1.03 o.d. Cylinder below ring contracting in an inverted concave segment of a cone of 45° to 1.0 o.d. at 0.35 o.d. below ring. Bowl kettle-shaped, 1.00-1.17 o.d. in length; upper part a seg- ment of a concave cone (90°), 0.33 o.d. in length, expanding at 1.48- 1.60 o.d. below oral margin, or 0.56-0.64 o.d. to greatest diameter (1.40-1.45 o.d.) in angular ring on equator of bowl; lower section an inverted truncated cone (45°), 0.65 o.d. in length. Aboral end flattened, slightly convex, 0.68 o.d. in diameter, with rounded edge. Wall thick- est in suboral ledge and all rings, subuniform elsewhere. Two loricse: L., total, 110-111; to suboral ledge, 12; to ring, 43-46; to greatest diameter of bowl, 72-74. D., oral, 45-50; suboral ledge, 50-54; first ring, 50-58; ring on bowl, 63-68 /x- At Sta. 4687 in Drift; at 73°; 2 lorica. Undellopsis umbilicata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 11 Lorica a stout, thick-walled cylinder with thick, well developed sub- oral ledge, with 3-5, usually 3, equidistant rings, increasing distally in prominence, and short, narrower aboral cylinder with an umbilicated, introverted bottom; 2.10-2.27 (2.18) o.d. Oral margin narrowly rounded. Oral rim thin, with slightly concave outer and subvertical inner slope, in section an angle of 15-20°. Suboral ledge 0.10-0.18 (0.14) t.l. from oral margin, forming a subangular (135°) or outwardly rounded band; with upper slope 25-36°; lower, usually less convex and often somewhat longer slope, 22-33° from vertical; with diameter of 1.09-1.22 (1.18) o.d. Oral region flaring internally in a segment of an inverted cone of 15° in uppermost 0.5 o.d. Main body of lorica sub- cylindrical; in some with slight aboral flare above contracted section; in others with distinct, distal contraction; often somewhat asym- metrically cask-shaped, with bulge below middle; 0.64-0.75 (0.72) t.l. Aboral taper not exceeding 5-12° from vertical axis. Rings 3-5 on cylinder, usually 3, but 4 or 5 are not uncommon, so that lorica as a KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 281 whole presents a contour with 5-7 rings, including suboral ledge and most distal one around aboral end. Rings increasing in prominence distally, being closer together in case of larger numbers. First ring at 0.34-0.50 (0.42) t.l. from suboral ledge, with a diameter 1.02-1.22 (1.10) o.d., outwardly angular, with a long upper slope of 15-30° and short lower one of 7-35°. Between suboral ledge and first ring a bulge or incipient ring of more or less prominence sometimes interpolated. Second ring at 0.12-0.18 (0.14) t.l. from first, and with diameter of 1.02-1.21 (1.10) o.d.; its upper surface a flat slope of 10-24°; its lower a short, flat one of 15-30°. Third ring at 0.12-0.18 (0.14) t.l. from second ring, its diameter 0.86-1.13 (1.00) o.d., with longer upper flat slope of 8-12° and lower of 48-54°. In some lorica? another ring inter- polated between second and third, and in others a fourth below third. Aboral section a short cylinder with an umbilicated, introverted bottom, like that of a bottle, 0.13-0.20 (0.16) t.l., with diameter of 0.66-0.86 (0.77) o.d. Aboral region extremely complex and unlike that of any other of the Tintinnoinea; introverted and umbilicated. Aboral end containing an introverted, flattened dome, 0.5 length of aboral cylinder. Projecting aborally from this introverted dome is a button-like, subhemispherical structure extending aborally into cavity of dome, about half length of aboral cylinder, with greatest diameter 0.2-0.3 (0.26) o.d. Wall with prismatic intermediate layer, with prisms in three layers, increasing to five in suboral ledge; thickest in suboral ledge and about half as thick elsewhere. Five lorica?: L., total, 106-119 (115.4); to ledge, 12-14 (12.4); from ledge to first ring, 36-53 (49.4); from first to second ring, 14-18 (15.8); from second to third ring, 14-18 (16.4); third ring to aboral end, 15-22 (19.2). D., oral, 50-53 (51.8); ledge, 58-65 (60.2); first ring, 51-65 (57.0); second ring, 52-64 (56.0); third ring, 43-60 (51.8); base, 33-46 (39.6) /z; number of rings, 4-6. At 5 stations, viz., at 3 and 2, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 68-74 (71.8)°; 7 lorica?. 32. CRICUNDELLA Kofoid and Campbell Undellida? with a cylindrical or subcylindrical lorica; no suboral ledge; no expanded bowl; 2-4 rings present; aboral region hemi- spheroidal or contracted; wall trilaminate; marine, in tropical seas. Type species is Cricundella tridivisa (Brandt) K. and C. from Atlantic South Equatorial Current. 282 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology A parallel development of a cylindrical lorica with numerous rings occurs in the subgenus Undellicricos of the genus- Undellopsis. Cricun- della has definite relationships to Amplectella, Amplectellopsis, and Undellopsis with stout, ringed loricse, but it also exhibits clearly the influence of the factor of aboral contraction and elongation, which emerges in other genera with considerably elongated loricse. In Undella the elongation has proceeded to a considerable extent, but the contraction is only feebly expressed, being seen in the development of an aboral point in U. parva, peruana, attenuata, and hyalina, and in a contraction to an aboral subcylindrical section in U. bulla, recalling that in Cricundella quadridivisa. In Proplectella elongation is less extensive and less developed than in Undella and Cricundella, but aboral contraction is better developed, though only in the inverted conical type. Contains 3 species, tridivisa from the Atlantic, and quadricincta and quadridivisa from Expedition collections, both new (K. and C, 1929). Cricundella quadricincta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 6 Lorica shaped like an elongated ringed finger cot, divided into 5 parts by 4 prominent ridge-like rings, the lowermost forming inverted, dome-like aboral end; not divisible into cylinder and bowl as in Amplectella; 2.18-2.97 (2.46) o.d. Oral margin thin, sharp, with con- vex slopes. Oral region contracting above first ring in a cone of 35°. Oral diameter 0.26-0.46 (0.39) t.l. Anterior 0.70-0.78 (0.76) of lorica basically a cylinder. Suboral cavity inflated evenly from oral margin aborally to first ring in an outward, slightly convex cone of 12°. First ring at 0.11-0.19 (0.12) t.l. from oral margin, 1.20-1.56 (1.23) o.d. in diameter, with upper slope outwardly concave or straight (28-37°), and lower 24-35°. Second ring at 0.20-0.27 (0.23) t.l. from first, 1.30- 1.80 (1.36) o.d. in diameter, with upper slope 56-67° and lower 67-75°. Third ring at 0.19-0.32 (0.22) t.l. from second, 1.30-1.73 (1.33) o.d. in diameter, with upper, outwardly rounded slope 40-45°, and lower 45-60°. Fourth ring at 0.19-0.31* (0.22) t.l. below third, 1.25-1.67 (1.34) o.d. in diameter, with upper, outwardly rounded slope 40°, and lower almost horizontal. All interannular sections are only slightly concave approaching subcylindrical contour. Aboral region an in- verted hemispherical dome, 0.38-0.44 (0.41) t.l. in length. Aboral end slightly depressed, its vertical radius 0.5 its basal diameter (1.0 o.d.), KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 283 and upper region a convex inverted segment of a cone of 35°. Wall with prisms in 2 layers; of uniform thickness except in thicker rings. Animal large, filling 0.6-0.8 of lorica even when contracted, with 2 large oval macronuclei each 7 by 14 ju to 10 by 18/z, and 2 oval micro- nuclei 3 by o/i adjacent to macronuclei, and 20-22 membranelles. A new peristome at the side of the body with a new spiral membranelle zone present in one individual approaching binary fission. A number of large vacuoles were present. Six loricae: L., total, 85-119 (96.7); to first ring, 10-13 (11.5); first to second rings, 19-33 (23.0); second to third rings, 17-29 (21.3); third to fourth rings, 18-28 (21.1); fourth ring to aboral end, 23-39 (23.1). D., oral, 38-40 (37.7); first ring, 47-50 (47.0); second ring, 50-54 (51.9); third ring, 51-53 (52.3); fourth ring, 50-52 (50.5) m- At 9 stations, viz., at 4 and 5, respectively, in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 72-81 (73.8)°; 19 lorica?. Cricundella quadridivisa Kofoid and Campbell Plate 25, fig. 8 Lorica tall tumbler-shaped, without base; 2.66-3.22 (2.74) o.d. Oral margin thinned, acute. Oral diameter 0.31-0.35 (0.34) t.l. Suboral cavity flaring (5°) for not over 0.14 o.d. below oral margin. Suboral wall with concave outer and convex inner slopes. Anterior cylinder 0.53-0.63 (0.60) t.l., with four subequidistant rings, not ex- panding posteriorly. First ring outwardly rounded, at 0.09-0.12 (0.11) t.l. below oral margin; 1.13-1.23 (1.19) o.d. in diameter, with upper slope 30-40°, and lower 30-51° from vertical. Second ring at 0.18-0.24 (0.21) t.l. from first; 1.23-1.40 (1.29) o.d. in diameter, with upper slope 55-60°, and lower 45-65°. Third ring at 0.14-0.17 (0.15) t.l. from second, with upper slope 48-52° and lower 40^3°, 1.20-1.38 (1.30) o.d. in diameter. Fourth ring at 0.14-0.21 (0.16) t.l. from third, 1.21-1.51 (1.27) o.d. in diameter, with upper slope of 22-27° and lower 65°. Aboral region 0.32-0.38 (0.36) t.l., divided into an anterior, truncated, inverted cone of 45-65° below fourth ring, 0.5 aboral region in length, with straight or slightly outwardly convex sides; and a posterior cylindrical projection 0.5 length of aboral region, 0.30-0.40 (0.37) o.d. in diameter. Aboral end flattened, with rounded edge. Upper conical part homologous to lower bowl in Amplectella. Wall thick with faintly prismatic intermediate layer; rings twice as thick as wall between. 284 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Five loricse: L., total, 108-133 (122.0); to first ring, 10-13 (11.4); first to second ring, 20-32 (25.8) ; second to third ring, 16-20 (18.0) ; third to fourth ring, 15-23 (18.8); fourth ring to aboral end, 40-50 (44.0). D., oral, 39-43 (41.0); first ring, 45-51 (48.6); second ring, 46-55 (52.0); third ring, 48-55 (53.4) ; fourth ring, 49-58 (52.2); aboral end, 13-16 (15.0) /x- At 6 stations, viz., at 3 each in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 70-75 (72.3)°; 8 loricae. XII. DICTYOCYSTID.E Hjeckel emended Codonellopsidae, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 67 (Luminella only). Tintinnoinea with hyaline collar and reticular bowl ; collar with one or two rows of regular, semicircular, squarish or rectangular windows, with or without a closing-pane; bowl hemispheroidal to ovoidal; aboral end without horn, rounded or pointed; wall of bowl entirely reticulated or with zoned fenestra?; no spiral structure; closing-ap- paratus present; eupelagic and marine only. Differ from all other families in having one or two rows of semilunar or rectangular windows in collar. Contains two genera: Dictyocysta Hseckel (29 species) and Lu- minella gen. nov. Kofoid and Campbell mss. (3 species). The former is characterized by large windows in high collar, with narrow vertical mullions and a thick circumoral style; the latter by low collar with minute semi-circular windows set in hyaline collar without rims, mullions, or style. Dictyocysta with oceanic distribution and Lu- minella coastal only. Luminella is based on Stenosemella punctata (Wailes) K. and C. (1929, p. 71, fig. 138) as type species. It includes also L. infiata and pacifica transferred from Stenosemella. 33. DICTYOCYSTA Ehrenberg emended Kofoid and Campbell Dictyocystida? with a lorica shaped like bowl of a goblet; with cylindrical collar with beams surrounding large fenestra? in one to several rows; bowl usually globose, often inflated, with rounded or pointed aboral region; no aboral horn; wall with primary, secondary, and tertiary reticulations, sometimes with included coccoliths ; marine in all seas. Type species Dictyocysta elegans Ehrenberg emended KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 285 Kofoid and Campbell, from off Newfoundland, selected by Apstein (1915, p. 123) and also by us (1929). Brandt (1907, pp. 52-63), in his discussion of Dictyocysta, expressed himself as much perplexed by the extraordinary variability of the loricse and suggested the influence of cool and warm waters. The operation of this influence is abundantly brought out in our own discussion throughout the entire Tintinnoinea, though less evident in Dictyocysta than in other genera with more elongated loricse. The extent to which availability, on the one hand, and selective utilization, on the other, determine the presence of coccoliths in the structure and patterning of the wall of the lorica is wholly unknown, though selec- tive utilization generally is suggested by the fact that not all species at a given station utilize coccoliths and that some genera and species never utilize coccoliths in their loricse. Dictyocysta was established by Ehrenberg (1854a) as a genus of Polygastrica, including Dictyocysta elegans, lepida, lepidce /3 fund- landica, and acuminata. The last of this list is accredited to Cyttaro- cylis by Brandt (1907), and the remainder are, at least in part, well recognized species. Haeckel (1873) included D. cassis in the genus, as well as mitra, templum, and tiara. The first is a Cyttarocylis and the last, as shown by Kofoid (1915), is probably based on a dried or otherwise distorted lorica of some large species of Dictyocysta. Brandt (1907) clearly defined and delimited the genus, though his subdivisions of the various species are somewhat confusing. It was apparently the first genus he dealt with in his investigation, and set the pattern for his later treatment of genera and species. In our Conspectus (1929) we endeavored to utilize general form and structural pattern primarily, and wall structure only as supplemental to these features. The species characters in this genus are perplexing on any basis. The lorica of Dictyocysta represents one of the highest and most distinctive types of evolution attained in the Tintinnoinea. All species of the genus as here limited conform closely to the generic pattern. The outstanding structural feature is the collar with its row of 6-10 windows, or its double row of windows. These are without parallel or homologue elsewhere in the Tintinnoinea, except in the more primitive genus Luminella. The small fenestra? in the spiral lamina of the collar of Codonellopsis, notably Cdps. ostenfeldi, are perhaps attributable to included coccoliths. The windows in the collar of Dictyocysta, and presumably also of Luminella, have no such relations. 286 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology The only structures of morphological origin with similar regularity and structural relations which in any way approach the windows of Dictyocysta are found in the species described by Wailes (1925) as Tintinnopsis punctata. Later we (1929) divided this into two species, punctata and inflata, and transferred them to the genus Stenosemella, a genus characterized by the division of the lorica into a bowl and a low hyaline collar. These two species and Wailes's Tps. punctata forma minor, which we also transferred to Stenosemella, agree in having low, semicircular clear areas, or windows, at the base of the low collar. Other species of Stenosemella do not have these windows. The number, location, and relations of the windows of Luminella are comparable to those of Dictyocysta, but are much smaller, are structurally simpler, lacking rim, triangles, with connecting lines, and apparently the panes also, of Dictyocysta. The case is somewhat different with respect to Dictyocysta apiculata Wailes, an aberrant species with a narrow collar with no openings and a series of elongate postnuchal fenestras on the upper end of the bowl. Although described as a Dictyocysta, it is clearly of a different pattern and is more nearly related to Petalotricha. It differs from that genus in having a narrow, undivided collar, whereas in Petalotricha this structure consists of an oral shelf and a suboral cone. We have es- tablished the genus Wailesia for this unique species. Obviously, it is not derivable from, nor does it lead to, Dictyocysta, but belongs in the Petalotrichinse. The structurally unique species Dictyocysta ovalis Daday (1886, pp. 482, 496, pi. 25, fig. 14) has never been seen since Daday described it. It is a large species, 72 /x in length, with a much elongated bowl, as in D. tiara. The collar, however, is wholly unique in the genus Dictyocysta in that its upper rim is reflexed. It has the normal circumoral style and seven vertical mullions with squarish windows between them. If allow- ance is made for the height when the reflection is removed, the collar at- tains a height of about two-thirds of the usual proportions and size. Until this so-called species is rediscovered it may be regarded as prob- ably based on an abnormally formed lorica. If and when rediscovered, it will of necessity form an isolated section of Dictyocysta, characterized by a low, recurved, but otherwise normally constructed collar, some- what less differentiated, however, than in other species. It would be nearer to Luminella than are any of the other species of Dictyocysta because of the smaller size of the windows, but not referable to Lumi- nella, as it has beams about its fenestra?. Contains 29 species, of which 17 are recorded in Expedition material. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 287 Of the 29 species 14 were new, and of these 10 are recorded from Ex- pedition material. Subdivided into 3 series: the mitra series with two subordinate groups; the mitra group, including mitra, fenestrate!, obtusa, dilatata, and entzi; and the minor group, including minor, calif orniensis, pacifica, externa, and spinosa; the occidentalis series, including occidenta- lis, lepida, reticulata, lata, mexicana, nidulus, grandis, tiara, polygonata, and duplex; and the mulleri series, including mulleri, inaequalis, ampla, elegans, speciosa, magna, and fundlandica. One questionably valid species, oralis Daday, is unassigned, and one, D. atlantica Herdman, Thompson, and Scott, is a nomen nudum. It is interesting to note that Kent (1882) states that Dictyocysta lorica? have been found in tertiary fossil beds, along with radiolarians and other Protozoa. This is the only record of fossil marine Tintin- noinea. Dictyocysta ampla Kofoid and Campbell Plate 27, fig. 5 Lorica fairly tall, moderately large, with high, well developed collar with 7 upper and S-9 lower windows, rotund bowl longer than wide, postequatorial zone of 9-10 fenestra?, and rounded aboral end; 1.61— 1.78 (1.69) o.d. Oral margin undulating, with 7 flat arches. Diameter of oral opening 0.56-0.62 (0.59) t.L, 0.75-0.79 (0.78) diameter of bowl, or 0.82-0.91 (0.88) nuchal diameter. Collar a tall segment of concave truncate cone (13°), 0.41-0.48 (0.45) t.L, 1.22-1.35 (1.26) o.d., 0.75- 0.90 (0.78) diameter of bowl in length, with diameter at neck 1.11-1.22 (1.13) o.d. and at middle 0.96 o.d. Bowl hemispheroidal, with contour in main axis exceeding a hemisphere by 1.15 times its lateral radius; 0.53-0.55 (0.54) t.l., or 0.86-0.97 (0.92) o.d. in length; with equatorial diameter 1.27-1.33 (1.28) o.d., at 0.55 t.l. below oral margin. Aboral end hemispheroidal without point, except in few loricse, with con- tracted, blunt tip. Wall of collar with two unequal rows of windows, first row with 7 rounded, inverted, subpentagonal polygons of approxi- mately same size, 0.71 length of collar in length and 0.8 their own length in width; second with 7-9 windows forming posterior 0.29 of collar, less regular in shape and size than those of first row, rounded sub- pentagons with apices joined to vertical mullions between windows of first row, windows of second row alternating with those of first, half their size, but relatively wider. Windows of both rows surrounded by a moderately thick, raised, subuniform rim with minute, clear triangles in nodes with faint connecting lines in vertical and diagonal mullions. 288 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Wall of bowl fenestrate, with 17 subequal triangular to hexagonal secondary polygons across widest level and 10 from nuchal margin to aboral end. Postequatorial row at 0.6 t.l. from oral margin, with 8-10 large, not uniform, hexagonal to rounded fenestra, 3-10 times as large as those covering most of surface. Second postequatorial row at 0.8 t.l. from oral margin, with 4-6 less irregular fenestras, half as large as those of major row. Fenestrse enclosed in narrow, subuniform, raised tra- becular of minute hexagonal prismatic structure, and closed by panes made up of minute prisms. Animal with 16 membranelles. Three loricse: L., total, 57-68 (61.0); collar, 27-28 (27.3). D., oral, 33-38 (36.0); nuchal, 38-44 (41.0); bowl, 42-48 (46.0) m- At 3 stations in California Current; at 71-83 (76.6)°; 14 loricse. Dictyocysta californiensis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 27, fig. 1 Lorica small, with denticulate oral margin, short cylindrical collar with 6 windows, stout globose bowl with 5 rows of large fenestrse, wide reticulated meshwork, and wide, pointed aboral end; 1.57-1.70 (1.65) o.d. Oral margin with 15-25 triangular teeth on upper margins of arches, each less than I/* in length, subequidistant and subequal. Circumoral margin distinctly undulating, with 6 flattened arches, and no list. Diameter of oral opening 0.59-0.63 (0.60) t.l., 0.68-0.77 (0.74) diameter of bowl, or 0.87-0.94 (0.89) diameter of neck. Collar 0.25- 0.32 (0.29) t.l., 0.34-0.45 (0.39) length of bowl, or 0.47 o.d. in length; subcylindrical or a truncate segment of a convex cone (6°). Nuchal diameter equal to or slightly greater than oral. Bowl stout, broadly ovoidal, 0.71-0.74 (0.72) t.l., or 1.14-1.27 (1.19) o.d. in length. Upper bowl a segment of a truncate, convex cone (37°), with a length of 0.17 t.l., or 0.27 o.d., with equatorial diameter of 1.15-1.48 (1.36) o.d. at 0.44 t.l. from oral margin; lower bowl hemispheroidal, completely filling contour of a hemisphere except distally, where for 0.22 of radius it is a flattened inverted cone of 130°, with basal diameter equalling radius of bowl at equator. Aboral tip bluntly rounded. Collar with single row of 6, rarely 7, squarish windows, noticeably more rounded at corners than in related species, subuniform in size and extent, sepa- rated by subuniform, thick (0.05 o.d.) vertical mullions. Circumoral style thin, horizontal. Transverse mullion very wide. Each window encircled by a narrow rim separated from adjacent ones by narrow lines with triangles at upper nodes only. Bowl with 5 unequal rows of KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 289 unequal fenestra? containing, respectively, 10-12, 13-14, 13-14, and 7-9 fenestra^, with terminal cluster of 4-7 small, less regular ones. First 2 rows uninterrupted, with quite uniform, subequal, and sub- circular fenestra?. Third and fourth rows with fenestra? 0.50-0.75 diameter of fenestra? of anterior rows, less regular in distribution. Terminal cluster irregular, less than a fourth as large as those in first row. Meshwork around fenestra? heavy, with an average width of 0.06 o.d., filling entire space between fenestra?. Rims of trabecula? only feebly developed, filled with coarse reticulum different from primary prisms of posterior end of bowl of minor and pacifica, their uniformity and optical qualities suggestive of presence of a minute coccolith in each element, but highest magnification and best defini- tion did not reveal in these areas any coccolith structure. These small areas, each about l^t in diameter, crowd the trabecula? which are noticeably wider in this species and can be traced into bases of vertical mullions between windows but not beyond. Windows and fenestra? all closed by delicate hyaline panes. Four lorica?: L., total, 44-51 (46.8); collar, 13-15 (13.5); bowl, 32-38 (33.8). D., oral, 27-30 (28.3); nuchal, 31-32 (31.8); bowl, 37-40 (38.5) (x. At 2 stations in California Current; at 69-83°; 10 lorica?. Dictyocysta dilatata Brandt Lorica small, with flaring collar, deep nuchal constriction, small bowl, and pointed aboral end; 1.40-1.85 (1.60) o.d. Oral margin undulating, surmounted by low, continuous, hyaline circumoral list with 8 flattened arches. Diameter of oral opening 0.60-0.71 t.l., or 0.84-1.00 diameter of bowl. Collar a segment of an inverted, truncate cone (15°), 0.24-0.31 (0.24) t.l., or 0.33-0.47 (0.40) o.d. in length, laterally concave. Nuchal diameter 0.88-1.02 (0.95) o.d. Bowl elongate, ratio of its size to that of collar relatively small as compared with that of other species; 0.77 t.l., or 1.15-1.21 o.d. in length; sub- ovoidal in contour below nuchal constriction, with length 1.15 equa- torial or greatest diameter located midway of lorica and about equal to oral diameter. Upper bowl a slightly convex, truncated cone of 15-21°, 0.33 length of bowl. Lower bowl contracted acorn-shaped, extending beyond limits of hemisphere by about 0.33 of radius. Aboral end with short, rounded, subconical (90°) projecting tip 0.02 t.l. Collar with 8 subrectangular, subequal closed windows with 290 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology rounded corners, each surrounded by a relatively heavy, entire, raised rim. Vertical mullions stout, subequal. Entire bowl fenestrate with six unequal rows of unequal fenestra?. First row with 10 rounded subangular fenestra?. Second equatorial row with 12 rather unequal fenestra? of subcircular shape approximately half the size of those above. Third row with 10 fenestra? comparable in size and shape to those of second row. Fourth row with 6 fenestra 0.75 diameter of first row, less regular and more often ellipsoidal in form. Fifth row with 7-8 tiny fenestra? less than 0.25 size of row above. Sixth row with 4 fenestra like those of fifth row. All fenestra? enclosed in a denser, thick, raised, uniform meshwork of minutely reticulate pris- matic trabecule, with a thin, homogeneous marginal rim surrounding each pane ; each closed by a hyaline pane composed of minute rounded prisms, while those of the trabecule are mostly hexagonal. Wall very thin except where increased in trabecula?. Six lorica?: L., total, 59-65 (61.8); collar, 14-20 (15.3). D., oral, 36-42 (38.6) ; nuchal, 33-38 (36.0); bowl, 41-43 (42.3)/*. At 4 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 1, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents and Drift; at 68-71 (69)°; 6 lorica?. Dictyocysta duplex Brandt emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 26, figs. 6, 7 Lorica rather large, stout; collar tall, with row of 7-9 windows; bowl subglobular, with edges of fenestra? double-margined; 1.63-1.78 (1.73) o.d. Oral margin undulating, with 7-9 short, well elevated arches with low, continuous, hyaline circumoral list. Diameter of oral opening 0.54-0.61 (0.58) t.f., 0.94-1.05 (0.99) nuchal diameter, or 0.72-0.89 (0.78) diameter of bowl. Collar tall, 0.33-0.39 (0.37) t.l., 0.50-0.64 (0.59) length of bowl, or 0.60-0.70 (0.65) o.d. in length; either sub- cylindrical, or a convex inverted, truncate cone (8-15°). Vertical mul- lions bowed out. Nuchal diameter 0.95-1.06 (1.01) o.d. Bowl sub- globular, 0.61-0.67 (0.63) t.l., or 1.00-1.19 (1.09) o.d. in length. Upper bowl segment of convex cone of 60°, not over 0.25 o.d. in length. Equatorial diameter 1.12-1.38 (1.25) o.d., at 0.5 t.l. below oral margin. Upper 0.5 of lower bowl segment of convex inverted truncate cone (40°) with lower diameter equal to oral. Lower half contracting in a low, very convex, inverted cone of 90-100°, 0.3 o.d. in length. Aboral end with a slight tendency to a broadly rounded, blunt apex. In Brandt's figure (pi. 2, fig. 9) the bowl is more globular, exceeding con- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOIXEA 291 tour of a hemisphere by LIS of its lateral radius. Wall of collar with one row of 7-9 tall, rectangular windows with narrowly rounded corners, with length 1.2-2.1 times their width, the ratio depending upon number of windows in row. Vertical mullions and circumoral style equal in width and rather narrow. Rim around oral opening and windows clearly defined. Triangles at nodes, especially in style and middle line down each vertical mullion, clearly defined, fpper triangles filled with minute circular areas, those below invaded by mesh of bowl. All windows closed by delicate hyaline panes. In hauls from cold-water region off Callao we find loricse showing characteristic double wall of bowl figured by Brandt, with form and proportions of tiara, found in same hauls, and in a few loricse with duplex structure only in parts of bowl. Judging from Brandt's figures, it might be inferred that the loricse were coccolith-bearers, were it not for the interlacing circles and the thinness of the wall, which seem to preclude the only known circular coccoliths (Syracosphcera apsteini) of diameter and form similar to these areas of the loricse. Lohmann (1912a), who found this species in the Mediterranean, reports its sur- face covered by Coccolithophora wallichi, C. pelagica, and C. leptopora. With the loss of the coccoliths, his loricse have a uniform, non-duplex reticulum. Careful scrutiny of loricse in our collections showing duplex structure shows that this appearance is probably due to overlapping, and the suggestion that this peculiar appearance is due to the inclusion of coccoliths is strongly reenforced, though the included structures probably belong to some as yet unknown or imperfectly described and very variable species. The fact that Codonella diomedce and other species of Codonella and Codonaria in the same collections with the "duplex" loricse of Dictyocysta duplex also exhibit a similar duplex wall is suggestive of a coccolith in the common food supply of both. Fenestration of our loricse varies greatly, from a pattern in which a narrow zone of duplex areas lies anterior to the major row, to one in which nearly the whole bowl from collar to apex is covered by subuni- form ones. Evidences of a graduated substitution of a broad equatorial zone 4-6 duplex fenestras in width for the major row appear in our material. Some of the smaller fenestrse found anterior and especially posterior to this zone are also duplex, but rarely are all of this form. W e are not convinced that duplex belongs in the same category as the other species of Dictyocysta. Its peculiarities appear to result from a physiological factor such as selective feeding, or an ecological one such as a selected habitat in a particular coccolith zone which may differ from those which result in the other structural differentiations, such 292 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology as form and proportions of lorica and fenestration of wall, which characterize other species of the genus. Seven lories: L., total, 57-72 (64.7); collar, 21-27 (24.1); bowl, 35-44 (40.7). D., oral, 35-39 (37.7); bowl, 44-51 (46.9); large duplex fenestras, 6-9 /x. At 12 stations, viz., at 1, 6, and 5, respectively, in Panamic Area, Peruvian Current and Drift; at 66-72 (71.3)°; 95 loricse. Dictyocysta fenestrata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 26, fig. 10 Lorica quite stout, with collar slightly set off by shoulder from bowl ; windows wide; bowl coarsely and sometimes irregularly fenestrate; aboral end hemispherical; 1.24 o.d. Oral margin deeply undulating, with 6-7 (8) flattened arches. No circumoral list, no spinules. Diam- eter of oral opening 0.8 t.l., 1.08-1.12 diameters of bowl, or 0.96-1.05 nuchal diameters. Collar set off from bowl by sloping shoulder and by lower edges of its large windows; 0.36-0.40 t.l., 0.57-0.68 length of bowl, or 0.45-0.50 o.d. in length, a truncate segment of an inverted cone (10°), with convex sides. In one lorica (Plate 26, fig. 10), perhaps distorted, cone (15°) is not inverted. Nuchal diameter in normal lorica 1.05 o.d. Bowl rotund, below equator almost a perfect hemi- sphere, 0.60-0.64 t.l., or 0.76-0.80 o.d. in length; expanding below neck for less than 0.10-0.14 t.l. as short segment of cone (32°), with basal or greatest diameter (1.08-1.12 o.d.) 0.5 t.l. from oral margin. Aboral end broadly rounded, with no point. Wall of entire lorica coarsely fenestrate. Collar typically with six rectangular windows, 1.12 times wider than long, with rounded corners. In one lorica figured (Plate 26, fig. 10), two adjacent windows deformed by invasion of a fenestra from bowl, and all windows compressed so that they are longer than wide, with length 1.5 width. Windows surrounded by a heavy raised framework with thick vertical mullions, transverse circumoral style relatively very light. In the abnormal lorica mullions subuniformly twisted a little (15°); closed by very delicate, transparent, hyaline panes; bowl with four rows of unequal fenestra3, anterior two rows large, quite irregular in outline, and with 9-10 and 9-11 fenestras, respec- tively, with several minute triangular to quadrangular openings inter- calated locally in nodes. Two aboral rows with 9 and 7 subuniform, rather irregular fenestra?. Aboral 0.3 of bowl of abnormal lorica with a cluster of 18 small fenestrse roughly in two rows but irregular in their KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 293 distribution, mostly triangular or quadrangular in shape, and a fourth as wide as fenestra? in subnuchal rows. All fenestra3 on bowl closed by a translucent membrane. Wall with maximum thickness across tra- becular. Two lorica?: L., total, 50-52; collar, 18-21; bowl, 31-32. D., oral, 40-42; nuchal, 38-45; bowl, 43^7/i. At 3 stations, viz., at 1 and 2, respectively, in Peruvian Current and Drift; at 68-75 (71.7)°; 3 Ioricse. Dictyocysta lata Kofoid and Campbell Lorica short and wide, with short collar with 8 long windows; bowl much wider than long, with one row of equatorial or post-equatorial fenestra?; very broadly rounded aboral end; 1.57 o.d. Oral margin undulating, with 8 flat arches with no circumoral list. Diameter of oral opening 0.64 t.l., 0.69 diameter of bowl, or 0.84 nuchal diameter. Collar erect, subcylindrical, with no taper or expansion beyond that produced by slightly concave vertical mullions, 0.35 t.l., 0.53 length of bowl, or 0.55 o.d. in length, with diameter at middle of 1.1 o.d. Nuchal diameter 1.18 o.d. Bowl 0.67 t.l., or 1.05 o.d. in length, made up of two unequal regions; a rather abrupt shoulder, not shown in Brandt's lorica (pi. 4, fig. 1), since panes of windows are not drawn, but in our lorica a truncated segment of a cone of 63°, 0.09 t.l. or 0.16 o.d. in length; bowl hemispherical below, with greatest diameter 1.45 o.d. at 0.53 t.l. below oral margin. Aboral end broadly rounded, without point. Framework of collar exceptionally delicate in struc- ture, containing a single row of 8 tall, rectangular, subequal windows with narrowly rounded corners. Vertical mullions very thin, slightly convex, with very short terminal flares above and below, quite hyaline, and seemingly lacking prismatic structure. Circumoral style of like width, only faintly arched. Windows apparently lacking panes, en- circled by a minute, hyaline rim inside frame; twice as long as wide, or nearly so, with their rounded, concave lower ends projecting into bowl. Wall of bowl reticulated with 27-30 subequal, quadrangular to hex- agonal, secondary polygons across widest level, and 16-25 from neck to aboral end. One well defined row of 6-9 large postequatorial fenestra?, with major axis 0.3-0.4 o.d. in length, and width 0.20-0.29. A few smaller fenestra? scattered among secondary polygons, less than 0.25 of size of large ones, forming an incomplete anterior row of 10, with several below major row; all closed by hyaline panes. Wall of 294 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology bowl made up of single layer of rectangular, subequal prismatic polygons. L., total, 60; collar, 21. D., oral, 38; nuchal, 45; bowl, 55/x- At 2 stations in Peruvian Current; at 68°; 2 loricse. Dictyocysta lepida Ehrenberg emended Kofoid and Campbell D. lepida, Hofker, 1931b, partim, pp. 382-384, fig. 78 (for fig. 76 see D. reticu- lata, and for fig. 77 see D. mexicana). Lorica moderately stout and rather large; collar with 6-7 windows; bowl low, acorn-shaped, with pre-equatorial, equatorial, and posterior rows of fenestrse; aboral region subconical, and aboral point bluntly rounded; 1.48-1.80 (1.58) o.d. Oral margin undulating, with 6 or 7 flat arches, surmounted by narrow, hyaline circumoral list. Oral opening 0.56-0.67 (0.63) t.L, or 0.88-1.05 (0.94) nuchal diameter in diameter. Collar 0.41-0.47 (0.44) t.l., 0.70-0.87 (0.77) length of bowl, or 0.63-0.75 (0.70) o.d. in length; convex subcylindrical, increasing in diameter aborally, sometimes truncate conical (12°), rarely inverted truncate conical (20°). Nuchal diameter 0.95-1.15 (1.07) o.d. Bowl low, acorn-shaped, 0.55-0.59 (0.57) t.l., or 0.81-1.06 (0.93) o.d. in length, subdivided by changes in lateral contour into three unequal regions; anteriorly a short truncate segment of a slightly convex cone (43-62°), 0.13-0.16 t.l., or 0.19 o.d. in length, with basal or equatorial diameter 1.12-1.43 (1.29) o.d., at 0.55 t.l. from oral margin; second subdivision an inverted truncate segment of locally irregular convex cone (30-40°), 0.28-0.33 t.l., or 0.40-0.42 o.d. in length; third sub- division a rather variable, inverted, quite convex cone (115-125°), 0.13-0.20 t.l., 0.16-0.31 o.d., or 0.42-O.67 its lateral radius in length, with contour locally irregular, or concave, and asymmetrical, as though structurally weak and liable to deformation. Aboral end variable, almost always bluntly pointed, never acuminate, sometimes flattened. Collar with 6-7 windows, 0.6-0.7 their length in width, rectangular and with rounded corners. Vertical mullions and cir- cumoral style quite narrow and subequal. Mullions not greatly flaring at ends. A narrow vein along circumoral margin and around each window. Triangles at nodes small, and vertical lines in mullions scarcely visible. Rims with a fine, punctate structure. Windows closed by delicate translucent panes. Wall of bowl, except for fenestrse, filled with small subuniform polygonal areas extending upward upon lower ends of mullions, 25-30 across neck, and 16-20 from neck to aboral end; mainly subcircular to hexagonal in shape, and surrounded KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 295 by raised marginal mesh of delicate reticulation. Fenestration in 3 rows. Pre-equatorial of 10^10 variable, irregularly grouped, rounded secondary fenestra?; equatorial of 6-7 larger irregularly subcircular to elongate ovoidal major fenestra?, variable in size, the longest 0.25 o.d.; and a posterior of S fenestra? in some lorica?. Coccoliths of Umbili- cosphcera mirabilis in anterior row of a lorica from Sta. 4667. Regu- larity and structure of interfenestral reticulations suggest inclusion of a small unidentified coccolith. Fine primary prismatic structure clearly evident in wall of bowl. Four lorica?: L., total, 55-63 (59.5); collar, 26-27 (26.5); bowl, 30-37 (34.3). D., oral, 35-43 (37.8); nuchal, 40-41 (40.3); bowl, 48-50 (49.0) ju- At 15 stations, viz., at 1, 12 and 2 respectively, in Peruvian Current, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 66-80 (69.6)°; 45 lorica?. Dictyocysta mexicana Kofoid and Campbell Plate 26, figs. 1, 4 D. lepida, partim, Hofker, 1931b, pp. 382-384, fig. 77 (for fig. 76 see D. reticu- lata, and for fig. 78 see D. lepida). Lorica rather large, elongated, with elongated collar with 7 windows, wide shoulder, subangular bowl, emergent aboral point, one pre- equatorial row of small secondary fields and a postequatorial row of major fenestra?; 1.44-1.72 (1.56) o.d. Oral margin decidedly undulat- ing, with 7 elevated arches, and thin, hyaline, circumoral list. Oral opening 0.59-0.69 (0.64) t.l., 0.93-1.05 (0.97) nuchal diameter, or 0.77-0.84 (0.81) diameter of bowl in diameter. Collar 0.39-0.54 (0.44) t.l, 0.64-0.90 (0.78) length of bowl, or 0.66-0.71 (0.69) o.d. in length, an inverted truncate cone (7°), or subcylindrical with a little lateral convexity. Nuchal diameter 0.95-1.08 (1.03) o.d. Bowl subangular, 0.54-0.61 (0.56) t.l., or 0.78-1.01 (0.88) o.d. in length, made up of three unequal segments marked by sharp changes in lateral contour, forming a seven-sided figure in optical section. First, the shoulder region, a short, truncate segment of a cone (80°) with straight sides, 0.11 t.l., or 0.19 o.d. in length, with greatest diameter (1.19-1.30 [1.24] o.d.) at its base, 0.48 t.l. below oral margin. Second section an inverted truncate cone (35°), 0.27 t.l., or 0.45 o.d. in length, with slightly convex sides, decreasing to an aboral diameter of 0.89 o.d. Third segment an inverted, rather wide, quite short cone (126°), 0.14 t.l., 0.22 o.d., or 0.5 its own horizontal radius in length. Aboral end 29G bulletin: museum of comparative zoology acuminate, with a tiny, very wide projecting cone of 99°. Tip blunt. Wall of collar with one row of 7 tall, rectangular windows, with length 1.40-1.77 (1.59) of their width, and narrowly rounded corners. Verti- cal mullions and circumoral stvle verv slender and often considerably bowed outwardly. In one lorica (Plate 26, fig. 4) the windows are twisted toward right 17° from vertical. Vertical mullions cylindrical, except in flaring ends; triangles at nodes minute, and connecting line down the outer face of each mullion faint. Mullions show no fine prismatic structure. No panes seen in windows. Wall of bowl dis- tinctly reticular and entirely filled, save for fenestra? and secondary fields, with fine, prevailingly triangular to hexagonal polygonal fields, 2-5 [i across, with larger ones more or less confined to anterior half of bowl; 30 across bowl and 22 from nuchal line to aboral end, with raised marginal meshwork about them. Two rows of larger areas; first at level of shoulder, containing 26-30 secondary fields, rounded or quadrangular to hexagonal in shape, about 0.07 o.d. in longest axis; second postequatorial with 9-10, much more prominent, large fenestra3, subcircular to rounded quadrangular, 0.23 o.d. in longest axis and 0.18 or more in width, with main axis often inclining to right 30° from vertical. An odd fenestra of large size now and then occurs in posterior section of bowl. All fenestra3 closed by delicate hyaline panes. Five loricse: L., total, 57-66 (63.3);' collar, 24-28 (26.2); bowl, 28-39 (33.6). D., oral, 36-40 (38.2); nuchal, 38-40 (39.3); bowl, 43-52 (47.4) n. At 10 stations, viz., at 3, 4, 1, and 2, respectively, in California, Mexican, and Peruvian currents and Panamic Area; at 69-84 (79.2)°; 18 loricse. Dictyocysta minor Jorgensen Plate 27, fig. 9 Lorica small, with flaring collar with six windows, globose bowl with five irregular rows of fenestra3, and bluntly pointed aboral end; 1.53-1.73 (1.62) o.d. Oral margin with 6 flattened arches, no cir- cumoral list, 18-20 minute vertical points less than lju in length, more or less equidistant, or closely approximated in groups of three or four on top of arches rather than between them. Diameter of oral opening 0.57-0.65 (0.62) t.l., 0.90-1.03 (0.97) nuchal diameter, or 0.73-0.86 (0.79) diameter of bowl. Collar 0.26-0.28 (0.27) t.l., 0.35- 0.38 (0.37) length of bowl, or 0.37-0.47 (0.43) o.d. in length, a truncate segment of an inverted concave cone (14°), decreasing subsymmetri- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTIXNOIXEA 297 cally to 0.9 o.d. at its middle, increasing below at neck to 0.97-1.10 (1.03) o.d. Usual form an inverted truncated cone, but a few lorica? flare orally from neck, and others are subcylindrical, as shown by wide variation in diameter of neck. Bowl broadly ovoidal, 0.72-0.74 (0.73) t.l. or 1.13-1.27 (1.19) o.d. in length, anteriorly a truncate segment of a scarcely convex cone (38°) 0.21 t.l., or 0.3 o.d. in length; with equa- torial diameter (1.16-1.36 [1.26] o.d.) located midway. Aboral region hemispheroidal, projecting beyond contour of a hemisphere aborally 0.15 of radius, with distal part very convex subcorneal. Aboral end pointed. Wall of entire lorica coarsely fenestrate. Collar with a row of 6 large, subrectangular, squarish, subuniform windows with slightly rounded corners; 0.8 of width in height, with upper edge 1.2 longer than lower, separated by subuniform, thick vertical mullions. Circum- oral style flattened. Transverse mullion quite heavy, undulating or zigzag. Around each window a continuous rim, with width of 0.14 of window, and similar continuous but narrower suboral rim encircling oral margin; rims meeting along tops of arches and along sides, leaving minute, clear, inverted triangles at nodes. Fenestra? in three irregular rows on bowl, with 6-7, 10-11, and 12-13 fenestra?, respectively. First row with some fenestra? nearly as large and some only two-thirds as large as windows on collar, but subcircular. Second and third rows with smaller fenestra?, about half diameter of first row, and less regular in distribution. Terminal cluster of small fenestra? with rather lawless distribution in aboral 0.3 of bowl, and several interpolated fenestra? between regular members of second and third rows, ovoidal in shape. Heavy meshwork enclosing fenestra? filling entire interfenestral space around each fenestra, regardless of its size or row, leaving clear tri- angles at nodes. Windows and fenestra? all closed by delicate, clear panes. Closing-apparatus conical (96°), with 14 blades, with lower end at neck and pointed apex on a level with oral margin. Five lorica?: L., total, 43-52 (47.0); collar, 12-14 (12.6). D., oral, 27-32 (29.0); nuchal, 28-31 (29.8); bowl, 35-38 (36.6) m- At 9 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 1, and 5, respectively, in California, and Peruvian currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 67-76 (71.7)°; 25 lorica?. Dictyocysta mitra Ha?ckel emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 27, fig. 8 Lorica mitre-shaped, relatively slender, lacking clear differentiation between collar and bowl, except for smaller number (6) of windows in 298 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology collar row, larger in size than fenestra on bowl; with bowl coarsely fenestrated throughout with decreasing diameter in last two rows; with aboral end feebly pointed; 1.57-1.65 (1.62) o.d. Oral margin undulating, with 6-7 very flat arches surmounted by narrow, hyaline circumoral list. Diameter of oral opening 0.60-0.64 (0.61) t.l., or 0.86-1.14 (0.90) nuchal diameter. Collar flaring orally in an inverted truncate cone of 10-13°, with lower limit at level of lower edges of rounded subquadrangular windows; 0.22-0.26 (0.23) t.l., 0.28-0.41 (0.31) length of bowl, or 0.35-0.40 (0.38) o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.83-0.92 (0.88) o.d. Bowl subovoidal in contour, widest (0.95-1.07 [1.01] o.d.) a little above its middle and a little below middle of lorica as a whole, 0.77 t.l., or 0.95-1.27 (1.24) o.d. in length. Upper bowl a segment of a cone 20-23°, with slightly convex sides, and lower bowl extended beyond contour of a hemisphere by not over 0.33 of its radius. Aboral region contracting to a cone of 130° in distalmost part. Aboral tip never acute, broadly rounded, or bluntly pointed. Wall of entire lorica coarsely fenestrate, more uniformly so than in other species. Collar with 6-7 squarish, subequal windows, with rounded corners. Each window surrounded by a heavy raised frame consisting of horizontal circumoral style arched over each window, vertical to subvertical subuniform lateral mullions, and lower horizontal mullions less regular in length and slope than upper style because of adjustments to first tier of fenestra? on bowl. Rims around windows and fenestrse with fine median line down middle terminating at each end in tiny triangular depression. Windows closed by trans- parent, hyaline panes. Bowl with 6-7 rows of large, subregular fenestrse, fewer in a row and smaller aborally below equator. First row below windows with 8-10 fenestra?, larger than those of other rows, subpentagonal or subquadrangular to somewhat rounded, and about as long as wide. Second row with 12 smaller fenestra? similar to, but less regular than those of first row. Third and fourth rows each with 10-11 fenestras, more irregular in outline, smaller, and less uniform in size, with small fenestra? in, or adjacent to, these rows. Fifth and sixth rows with considerably smaller fenestra?, less regular in outline, quite variable in size, but always smaller than in rows above, with 8 and 6 fenestra?, respectively. Antapex with 8-12 distinctly smaller fenestra? in a terminal cluster. Odd fenestra? occur elsewhere in nodes of regular, subpolygonal meshwork. Trabecula? with quite thick raised meshwork with triangular areas at nodes. Fenestra? all closed by a thin sheet of minutely prismatic material. Trabecula? made up of coarser, more rounded prisms. iVnimal large, with 6 or 8 oval macro- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 299 nuclei, each 4 by 6/i- Hofker (1931b) found 8 macronuclei and 2 micronuclei. Entz, Jr. (1908, pi. 5, fig. 9) shows a conical closing- apparatus of 4 blades on one side. Six lorica?: L., total, 58-66 (61.0); collar, 13-15 (14.1). D., oral, 35-40 (37.5); bowl, 37-41 (38.0)/i. First figured by Ehrenberg (1854c, pi. 35A, fig. 24d) as D. elegans. His lorica is 1.7 o.d. in length, lacks a distinction between collar and bowl, has one row of 9 windows, a row of large suboral fenestra? and two rows below, and a pointed, non-emergent aboral end. All of these features are characteristic of mitra. From his description and figure it is evident, as Brandt (1907) and Jorgensen (1924), whom we follow, point out, that Ehrenberg had both elegans and mitra in hand, and that his figure is mitra, though his description applies to elegans. The figures of Hfeckel (1873), Daday (1886), Brandt (1906), Entz, Jr. (1908, 1909b), Biedermann (1893), and Hofker (1931b) are much more slender than ours, which are smaller and stouter than those from the Atlantic and Mediterranean. In all subsequent investigations mitra has been included, or more or less confused, with elegans (see Brandt, 1907). Brandt's grounds for recognizing the validity of this species are the large numbers of in- dividuals and the relatively small amplitude of variation of the species within its main area of occurrence. The divergent forms occur mainly on the margins of this area, where intermediates tending towards elegans are found, and in colder waters, where larger forms (Brandt's varieties a and b) appear. The collections from the Pacific confirm Brandt's (1907) and Jorgen- sen's (1924) views as to the distinctness of this species. The strongest evidence for this arises from the fact that elegans does not occur in the area under our investigation, while mitra is widespread and fairly com- mon throughout a large part of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The morphological evidences of the distinctness of mitra from elegans appear to be less pronounced in lorica? from the Pacific collections than in those of the Plankton Expedition in the Atlantic as figured by Brandt (1906). The greater part of the Eastern Tropical Pacific territory is occupied by a form which resembles Brandt's var. c (= amplaK. and C.) more than any of the other varieties he lists from the Atlantic. This is, moreover, of all his varieties, the most like elegans, except for our Pacific representative (pacifica), which is even more like elegans in some of its characters. This is indicated by the relatively less elongated lorica, the tendency toward reduction in the size of, and increase in the number and irregularity of, the fenestra? of the aboral end. These 300 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology tendencies attain, in some cases, a pattern of fenestration of the bowl which is strikingly like that in clegans. This character of large, regular fenestration, which Brandt (1907) found to be diagnostic, even in his var. c, is much less dependable in our Pacific material. We are forced to utilize the sharper distinction of collar and bowl in clegans, as against its absence in mitra, and the additional structural characteristic involved in this feature, namely, the presence of two rows of large fenestrse on the collar of clegans, with a somewhat abruptly formed expansion of the bowl immediately be- yond junction of collar and bowl, that is, behind the second row of fenestrse. In mitra, on the other hand, the constriction between the faintly separated collar and the expanding bowl lies between the first and second row of fenestrse, and the second row lies distinctly upon the bowl rather than in the collar. The oral rim of ehgans in all its forms is free from spines, spinules, and serrations, but does, in some forms, have a thin, continuous marginal sheet, as described by Biedermann (1893). The two species are closely related, but intergradation was not detected. At 20 stations, viz., at 2, 7, and 11, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents and Drift; at 66-79 (69.3)°; 47 loricse. Type locality selected by us is Sta. PI. 25 (Brandt, pi. 1, fig. 1) between the Florida and Labrador currents, a location approximating the probable source of Ehrenberg's original material. Dictyocysta mulleri (Imhof) Jorgensen emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 27, fig. 2 Lorica small ; collar with two subequal rows of windows, 6 windows in upper, and 8-10 in lower row, with slight constriction between rows; bowl subconical; pre-equatorial row of small fenestras, a post- equatorial of larger ones, and scattered posterior fenestrse; bluntly pointed aboral end; 1.54-1.76 (1.68) o.d. Oral margin moderately un- dulating, with 6 low arches. Oral opening 0.57-0.65 (0.60) t.l., or 0.85-0.95 (0.91) nuchal diameter in diameter. Collar 0.46-0.49 (0.47) t.l., 0.73-0.82 (0.77) o.d., or 0.82-0.97 (0.84) length of bowl in length; forming a concave spool with low rims, formed of two unequal regions, the anterior an inverted, truncate segment of a concave cone (19°) 0.59 of collar, or 0.4 o.d. in length, and aboral diameter at maximum constriction 0.84 o.d. Second subdivision a short segment of a con- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 301 cave truncate cone (32°) 0.41 length of collar, 0.28 o.d., or 0.7 of sec- tion above it, and aboral diameter of 1.05-1.18 (1.09) o.d. Bowl sub- conical, 0.52-0.57 (0.56) t.l., or 0.80-1.00 (0.92) o.d. in length, formed of two unequal regions. Upper bowl a short truncate section of a slightly convex cone (44°), 0.15 t.l., or 0.24 o.d. in length, with its aboral end the equator, 1.08-1.33 (1.25) o.d. in diameter, at 0.55 t.l. from oral margin. Lower bowl a wide, convex, inverted cone (78°), 0.45 t.l., 0.72 o.d., or 1.2 times its lateral radius in length. Aboral region contracting to a bluntly rounded point. Wall of collar with 6 squarish windows in first row, with arched sides and slightly rounded corners, and 8-10 subcircular to subpentagonal ones in second. The disproportionately small number of windows of first row as compared with second results in a crowding and outward flaring of the latter and in submedian constriction of collar. Circumoral style and all windows of both rows bordered by narrow rim, with tiny clear tri- angles at nodes between rims at tops of vertical mullions of upper row. Lines down middle of each mullion meeting an angle of a triangle or of a quadrilateral area with concave sides in zigzag transverse mullions encircling middle of collar. Lowermost transverse mullions lacking triangles, filled entirely with a fine alveolar mesh larger than primary prismatic structure, but not so large as the usual secondary type. Pre- equatorial row with 20 subrectangular fenestra?, with long axes in- clined 25° to left, with rounded angles, subequal in size, and 0.3 size of windows of second row on collar. Postequatorial row of 9-12 large, subcircular major fenestra?, twice diameter of those of anterior row. Second postequatorial row of 8 somewhat smaller major fenestra?. Aboral 0.3 of bowl with an irregular cluster of 8-10 scattered fenestra? of still smaller size. Interfenestral space on bowl from its widest level downward covered by small, prevailingly triangular to hexagonal polygonal areas, 45 around bowl near equator, and 10 from end to end. Polygonal areas and fenestra? each surrounded by a meshwork of raised trabecula?, and closed by a delicate hyaline pane. Surface reticulum made up of fine, hexagonal, primary prismatic structure. Closing-apparatus a truncate cone (67°) of 10 elongated quadrilateral blades with broad bases resting on inner face of lorica below second row of collar fenestra?, and narrower free ends converging and more or less overlapping in closing to form a blunt, centrally located apex be- low level of oral rim ; blades thin hyaline structures, in optical appear- ance similar to the material of the lorica, but very thin, and without evident reticulations or prismatic structure, remaining in lorica after animal has disappeared. 302 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology At Sta. 4583, in a haul from 300-0 fms., a curious mass made up of three adhering loricse of this species was found. The three loricae were fastened together with their oral openings united in a fashion like a similar mass of Stenosemella nivalis also observed by us. This massing of loricae with the oral apertures together suggests an abortive effort at conjugation, from which attempt the would-be conjugants were un- able to free themselves, due to adhesiveness of the loricse, not unlike the "stolen" collars of Codonella cratera, of which Entz, Jr. (1909a) makes much. Eight loricse: L., total, 58-63 (60.0); collar, 27-31 (28.1); bowl, 30-34 (33.4). D., oral, 33-39 (36.3); nuchal, 38^2 (39.8); bowl, 44-47 (45.4) M. At 4 stations in California Current; at 71-83 (74.7)°; 39 loricse. Dictyocysta occidentals Kofoid and Campbell Plate 26, fig. 2 Lorica small, stout; collar with 6 windows; bowl short, rotund, with 2-3 or more rows of postequatorial fenestra?, and hemispherical aboral region; 1.42-1.68 (1.58) o.d., or 1.31-1.41 diameters of bowl. Oral margin relatively deeply undulating, with 6 gently rounded arches surmounted by very narrow, hyaline, continuous circumoral list. Diameter of oral opening 0.59-0.70 (0.63) t.L, or 0.82-0.93 (0.85) diameter of bowl. Collar sharply set off from bowl by abrupt change in slope, 0.34 t.l., or 0.49 o.d., or 0.63 of length of bowl; rather short, nearly cylindrical. Bowl short and stout, 0.66 t.l., or 0.97 o.d. in length, with contour almost included within that of a sphere with its upper sixth removed, with length to lower edge of windows 0.83 of its greatest diameter (1.14-1.18 o.d.) located 0.86 o.d. below rim. Aboral region hemispheroidal. Aboral end without angulation. Wall of collar with 6, rarely 7, squarish windows, with height 1.1-1.2 or, rarely, 1.5 their width, narrower, 1.5-1.7 in collars with 7 windows; with rounded corners and convex sides. Vertical mullions very wide, up to 0.25 width of window in width, flaring at ends. Horizontal style and trans- verse mullion relatively narrower than vertical mullions. Rim around inside of windows very narrow, hyaline. Wall of bowl set off from that of collar by denser structure and slightly undulating anterior margin. Pre-equatorial region with many small, rounded, ovoidal, or ellipsoidal fenestra?, prevailingly irregularly rounded quadrangular to hexagonal in shape, subuniform in size, 24 across one face in 2-4 rows, with a KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 303 raised fretwork of narrow ridges around each. Large fenestra con- fined to postequatorial region of bowl; major row slightly postequa- torial, with 8-10 very large fenestra; subcircular to rounded quad- rangular in shape, about as wide as long, with vertical axis inclined as much as 25° to right, with unusually wide trabecular. Second row with 6-8 fenestra?, and a third usually present, with 5. All rows, especially posterior two, with smaller fenestra interpolated or between larger ones, giving more or less irregularity to surface pattern. Fenestra of two lower rows not over 0.5 diameter of those of major row, and of same shapes. Trabecular filling space between larger fenestra, with a reticulation of secondary fields, ranging down in size to very tiny ones a little larger than primary structure. Often several sizes are found in one lorica, and sometimes there is a marked zonal arrangement with belt of larger fields behind collar and minute ones elsewhere. In a lorica from Sta. 4708 the interfenestral spaces were completely filled with coccoliths of Pontosphaera hoeckeli and one from Sta. 4640 with Coccolithophora wallichi and Syracosphoera pulchra. Secondary reticula- tions of bowl made up of fine, rounded primary prisms, and mullions of collar filled with larger hexagons. Secondary reticulations enclose 6-15 rounded primary prisms. Windows and fenestra all closed by a thin, translucent sheet of hyaline material. Closing-apparatus exceed- ingly hyaline, of 10 blades with asymmetrically rounded tips. Ten loricse: L., total, 55-62 (57.8). D., oral, 35-40 (36.4); bowl, 40^7 (42.7) n. At 16 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 3, 2, and 7, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddv, and Drift; at 72-81 (74.6)°; 70 loricse. Dictyocysta pacifica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 27, figs.. 3, 4, 7 Lorica stout, rather small ; collar with 7 windows ; bowl subglobose, with 1-2 rows of pre-equatorial fenestra? and numerous smaller ones below equator on lower bowl; aboral end subcorneal; 1.34-1.79 (1.55) o.d. Oral margin undulating, with 7 flat arches, bearing 15-25 minute, erect, or flaring denticles, 2-4 scattered along top of circumoral style of each arch. Diameter of oral opening 0.56-0.74 (0.64) t.l., 1.00-1.13 (1.05) nuchal diameters, or 0.74-1.00 (0.87) diameter of bowl. Collar 0.23-0.27 (0.26) t.l., 0.30-0.39 (0.36) length of bowl, or 0.28-0.42 (0.33) o.d. in length; a truncate segment of an inverted cone (9-13°), concave laterally, expanding regularly to throat, with diameter of 304 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 0.89-1.00 (0.95) o.d. Bowl stout globose to very broadly ovoidal, 0.72- 0.77 (0.73) t.l., or 0.79-1.25 (1.13) o.d. in length. Upper bowl a short segment of a convex truncate cone (26-27°), 0.19-0.25 t.l., or 0.25- 0.42 o.d. in length, with greatest diameter (1.00-1.36 [1.15] o.d.) at 0.42-0.48 t.l. from oral margin. Aboral region pointed hemispheroidal, sometimes (Plate 27, fig. 4) slightly fuller than a hemisphere, but in more pointed lorica3 (Plate 27, figs. 3, 7) laterally less than a hemi- sphere, and aborally subcorneal (123-135°), extending 0.18-0.20 of radius beyond limits of a hemisphere. Aboral end ranging from a mere trace of a broadly rounded point to a blunt angle, but never emergent. Wall of entire lorica differentially fenestrated. Collar with a single row of seven subrectangular windows with slightly rounded corners, sub- uniform in size and separated from each other by subuniform, slender vertical mullions. Circumoral style relatively quite thin and regularly arched. Transverse mullions relatively wide and regular. Each window with usual rim with clear triangles at nodes. Rim with width of 0.12 of window. Bowl with one pre-equatorial row of 10 unequal subcircular fenestra3, fairly regular in size and distribution. Second, or equatorial, row with 12-13 unequal, asymmetrical fenestra3, with occasional tiny ones interpolated in supporting trabecule, lacking in one lorica (Plate 27, fig. 4). Fenestra? of both rows surrounded by optically dark tra- becular unlike those surrounding windows, usually enclosing a zone of minute reticulations, unlike primary reticulations in larger size and greater irregularity. Posterior half of bowl with few fairly large, irregularly distributed, often grouped fenestra? about as large as those of second row. Remaining portion of bowl filled with a reticulum of small polygons, 15 across bowl and 8-10 from equator to aboral end, mostly hexagonal and fairly uniform in size, forming a distinct aboral zone. Coccoliths of Umbilicosphaera mirabilis found on posterior half of lorica? at Sta. 4666 filling reticular areas of interfenestral regions. All windows and fenestra? closed by hyaline panes. At Sta. 4713 a pair of lorica3 in oral apposition, as if in conjugation, was seen, each with large animal filling 0.6 of cavity, one with 8 ellipsoidal macronuclei, each 4 by 6/z, arranged with 7 in one group and 1 in center of animal; in the other animal 6 scattered macronuclei in three pairs, as if daugh- ters. Micronuclei could not be found in material stained in borax- carmine. Closing-apparatus with 15 blades attached to lorica after animal has disappeared, a low cone with apex at level of oral margin, and base spreading to attachment at level of throat. Ten lorica?: L., total, 43-53 (49.3) ; collar, 12-14 (12.9) ; bowl, 31-40 (35.9). D., oral, 28-36 (31.7) ; neck, 28-32 (30.2) ; bowl, 33-38 (36.4) M. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 305 At 29 stations, viz., at 1,3, 8, 3, 2, and 12, respectively, in California, Mexican, and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 67-85 (74.03)°; 61 lorica?. Dictyocysta polygonata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 26, fig. 8 Lorica rather small, stout ; collar with 6-8 windows ; bowl globose ; no large fenestra?; wall with reticulum of many small, rounded polygons; no aboral point; 1.50-1.77 (1.61) o.d. Oral margin with 6-8 feebly developed arches surmounted by a delicate, hyaline circumoral list. Diameter of oral opening 0.56-0.67 (0.62) t.L, 1.00-1.11 (1.04) nuchal diameters, or 0.77-0.89 (0.82) greatest diameter of bowl. Collar 0.36- 0.41 (0.38) t.L, 0.57-0.69 (0.60) length of bowl, or 0.57-0.69 (0.62) o.d. in length; an inverted truncate segment of a convex cone (8-15°). Nuchal diameter 0.89-1.00 (0.96) o.d. Vertical mullions much bowed outwardly. Bowl subglobular, 0.59-0.63 (0.62) t.L, or 1.45-1.75 (1.61) o.d. in length; spheroidal, with exception of slight conical flare below collar. Wall of collar with 6-8, usually 7, quite regular rectangular windows, with width 0.57 their length. Circumoral style thicker than vertical mullions. Thin rim around oral aperture and each window. Clear triangles at upper nodes minute, those at lower nodes occluded. Vertical connecting lines on mullions very faint. Lower transverse mullion almost straight. Wall of bowl made up of small polygonal fields, 30-45 around equator and 10-16 from end to end, prevailingly triangular to hexagonal in shape with sharp angles, varying 30% in size; enclosed in a raised reticulum of uniformly thin trabecular and all closed by delicate hyaline panes. No large fenestra? on bowl, with exception of a lorica from Sta. 4594 with not more than two on one face of bowl, not in a definite row. No primary prisms and no cocco- liths observed. Animal large, filling upper 0.6 of cavity. Closing- apparatus truncate conical (68°), of 10 blades originating at neck and extending for 0.67 of collar. Four lorica?: L., total, 54-62 (58.3) ; collar, 20-24 (22.3) ; bowl, 32-39 (36.0). D., oral, 35-39 (36.3); nuchal, 33-36 (34.8); bowl, 42-47 (44.5) ix. At 10 stations, viz., at 1, 5, 2, 1, and 1, respectively, in Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-84 (72.9)°; 13 lorica?. 306 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Dictyocysta reticulata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 26, figs. 3, 5 Non D. templum, Graf, 1909, p. 148, fig. [6]e (see D. nidulus). D. lepida, partitn, Hofker, 1931b, pp. 382-384, fig. 76 (for fig. 77 see D. mexi- cana, and for fig. 78 see D. lepida). Lorica small ; collar with 6-8 windows ; bowl angular, with one row of postequatorial fenestne, uniform, regular polygonal areas elsewhere and bluntly pointed aboral end; 1.43-1.82 (1.56) o.d., or 1.21-1.44 diameters of bowl. Oral margin quite undulating, with 6-8, usually 7, fairly well developed arches, surmounted by a narrow, hyaline cir- cumoral list. Diameter of oral opening 0.55-0.69 (0.64) t.l., or 0.80- 0.93 (0.83) diameter of bowl. Collar an inverted, truncate segment of a cone (3-5°), 0.31-0.35 (0.32) t.l., or 0.44-0.50 (0.48) o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.79-0.96 (0.88) o.d. Bowl low, acorn-shaped, with an abrupt shoulder 0.68-0.69 (0.68) t.l., or 0.96-1.04 (0.98) o.d. in length; made up of three unequal regions; an upper short segment of a truncate cone (60-66°) constituting the abrupt, sloping shoulder, 0.11-0.14 t.l., or 0.17-0.19 o.d. in length, with straight or slightly con- vex sides. Equatorial diameter 1.08-1.27 (1.20) o.d., or 0.75-0.86 (0.77) t.l., at 0.43-0.51 t.l. from oral margin. Second region a longer, inverted, truncate segment of a cone (36-53°), 0.35-0.43 t.l., or 0.50- 0.67 o.d. in length, with aboral diameter of 0.73-0.83 o.d. Aboral region a short, wide, inverted cone (100-118°), 0.11-0.22 t.l., or 0.16- 0.31 o.d. in length, usually with straight sides. Aboral end angular, with bluntly pointed tip. Wall of collar with 7, rarely 8, and still less frequently 6, windows, with height 1.5 times their width, relatively narrower in collars with 8 and wider in those with 6. This species dis- tinguished by a single row of postequatorial fenestne immediately be- low equator with same number of fenestne as windows, or 1 or 2 more ; usually rounded, varying in size in different loricse, and even in same one; some loricte with several fenestrse forming a partial posterior row. Remainder of wall with quite uniform, polygonal secondary fields, varying in diameter in different loricse. Primary prismatic structure exceedingly faint, appearing in nodes of collar beams and very faintly in panes, but not demonstrable in polygonal fields, frequently including coccoliths, in rare cases completely filling whole wall of bowl outside of major fenestrse and even appearing on panes; several genera of cocco- liths being represented in a single lorica. Their determination difficult because of their inclusion in matrix of lorica, whose refractive index KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 307 does not materially differ from theirs; following species recognized: Coccosphoera pclagica at Sta. 4615, and 4724 on same lorica with Syracosphrera ; Pontosphaera huxleyi at Sta. 4615, 4635, 4638; and Pontosphocra hoeckeli at Sta. 4708. Animal filling over 0.5 of cavity of bowl, with 4 pairs of oval macronuclei, each about 4 by 8/jl. Hofker (1931b) finds 2 micronuclei. Closing-apparatus conical, made up of 9 unequal blades, each truncate at distal end. Ten loricse: L., total, 52-62 (56.7). D., oral, 34-39 (36.4); bowl, 40-47 (43.8) fi. At 79 stations, viz., at 3, 6, 16, 2, 2, 1, 15, 1, 2, and 31, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial, Equatorial Counter, and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 66-84 (72.9)°; 638 loricse. Dictyocysta spinosa Kofoid and Campbell Plate 27, fig. 6 Lorica small, stout, with spinules; collar with 6-7 windows; stout bowl with 6 rows of graduated fenestrae and pointed or rounded aboral end; 1.31-1.42 (1.38) o.d. Oral margin with 8-12 (10) large, subequi- distant, narrow, conical (10°) spinules, 0.3-0.5 height of windows in length, not uniform in either length or angle on same or different in- dividuals, varying in slope from horizontal to as much as 45° above horizontal ; some loricte (Plate 27, fig. 6) with one spinule near middle of each arch. Oral margin undulating, with 6 or 7 flattened arches, without circumoral list. Diameter of oral opening 0.70-0.76 (0.72) t.l., 0.83-0.92 (0.88) diameter of bowl, or 1.03-1.07 (1.04) nuchal diameters. Collar 0.27-0.37 (0.32) t.l., 0.36-0.48 (0.41) length of bowl, or 0.39 o.d. in length; a truncate segment of an inverted cone (22°), with con- cave sides, expanding to 0.91-0.97 (0.96) o.d. at neck. Bowl stout, 0.67-0.73 (0.71) t.l., or 0.90-1.06 (0.98) o.d. in length; quite globose, with length to nuchal level 0.79-0.94 (0.87) its diameter. Upper bowl a segment of a convex cone of 25-28°, 0.4-0.5 o.d. in length, with equatorial diameter 1.09-1.10 o.d. located at 0.43-0.50 t.l. below oral margin. Aboral region ranges from an almost perfect hemisphere to a broadly subconical (at the tip, 130°) contour with an extension of radius by 0.1 its length. Aboral tip either not differentiated or barely developed as a non-emergent, bluntly rounded point. Wall of entire lorica coarsely fenestrate. Collar with a single row of 6-7 windows, subuniform, subrectangular, a little wider than long, with slightly 308 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology rounded corners, and separated by subuniform, vertical mullions widened at either end. Circumoral style narrow. Transverse mullion half again as heavy and irregular in thickness and slope. Rim continu- ous around each window, quite wide, optically differentiated. Cir- cumoral band of like structure encircles oral margin. These bands (0.14 of width of window) meet along tops of windows and along their sides, leaving clear triangular areas at nodes below oral margin. Simi- lar clear non-reticulate areas, often quadrilateral with concave sides, occur at nodes of trabecular on bowl. Bowl with six rows of unequal fenestra, numbering 9-10, 12-13, 13-15, 12-15, 12-13, and 6-10, re- spectively, in the rows from nuchal region aborally, less regular in size and in arrangement than in mitra, except for first row, which is quite regular in both respects; successive rows below first being pro- gressively less regular, with smaller fenestra? interpolated singly or in short series, or at nodes between larger ones. Fenestra? in first row 0.50-0.75 size of windows. Second row with unequal fenestra3 ranging from the size in first row to much smaller, becoming still smaller in lower rows. Fenestra? rounded to narrow ellipsoidal or oval in shape. Trabecular heavy, devoid of reticulations. Rim around each fenestra like that around windows. All windows and fenestra closed by delicate, clear panes. No coccoliths seen in wall. Animal quite large, filling 0.7 of cavity. Closing-apparatus conical (58°) with 4 blades on one side, with its lower end at base of collar and sharp apex appearing above oral margin. Five loricfe: L., total, 40-48 (43.6) ; collar, 12-13 (12.8) ; bowl, 27-34 (30.8). D., oral, 30-33 (31.4); neck, 29-32 (30.2); bowl, 34-36 (35.6)m- "Die Dictyocysten sind sonst, im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Gattungen von Tintinnodeen, frei von Mundungszahnen," says Brandt (1907, p. 73) of D. templum var. g ( = D. externa K. and C). We do not agree with him or with Jorgensen (1924, p. 86) that teeth are absent, or are due to an "optical delusion" [sic], since we find them clearly present on our lorica3, and Brandt's excellent figure of cxtensa (pi. 3, fig. 6) shows them distinctly. At 10 stations, viz., at 1, 1, and 8, respectively, in Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (74.7)°; 14 lorica?. Dictyocysta tiara Ha?ckel Plate 26, fig. 9 Lorica elongate, with tall collar with a row of 6-8 rectangular windows; elongated subconical bowl; blunt aboral end; with postequa- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 309 torial row of fenestra?, often supplemented by an anterior pre-equatorial row of smaller fields and sometimes by a second postequatorial one of large fenestra?; 1.49-1.78 (1.69) o.d. Oral margin strongly undulating, with 6-8 arches surmounted by a thin, continuous, hyaline list. Diameter of oral opening 0.56-0.67 (0.61) t.l., or 0.79-0.88 (0.84) diam- eter of bowl. Collar erect, subcylindrical, and with slight anterior to median lateral concavity, 0.31-0.36 (0.33) t.l., or 0.51-0.65 (0.57) o.d. in length; its least diameter (0.96 o.d.) at 0.27-0.50 its length from oral margin. Nuchal diameter equals oral. Bowl broadly ovoidal and subconical aborally, 0.64-0.69 (0.67) t.l., or 1.07 o.d. in length. Upper bowl a segment of a truncate, somewhat convex cone (72°), 0.09, or 0.16 o.d. in length. Equatorial diameter 1.13-1.26 (1.19) o.d., or 0.68-0.76 (0.73) t.l., at 0.46-0.50 t.l. below oral margin. Lower bowl contracted, inverted acorn-shaped, for half its length below equator fitting into contour of a hemisphere, then elongating and contracting into convex subconical contour, exceeding that of hemisphere by 1.14 its lateral radius, forming distally a convex cone of 120°. Aboral end contracting to a blunt but not emergent point. Wall of collar with a single row of 6-8, usually 7, tall subequal subrectangular windows, with rather broadly rounded corners. Vertical mullions and arched circumoral style subequal in section, both rather heavy and wider than in related species; flaring at either end to twice their median width; style thinning down in middle of each arch to somewhat less than mullions. Clusters of minute, rounded polygons filling triangular nodes, and a single line of them down each vertical mullion and in lower transverse mullions. Windows nearly twice as long as wide, closed by hyaline panes. Bowl fenestrate with fairly uniform secondary polygons, 20 across widest part of bowl, and 16-20 from end to end of bowl, subrectangular to hexagonal in shape, subuniform in size, and surrounded by a raised reticulum. Postequatorial zone of 8-10 rounded to subangular major fenestra?, 4-10 times as large as small secondary polygons of general reticulum, subequidistant and sub- equal, with major axis vertical or inclined 4° to right, three-quarters as wide as long. Major row supplemented by a pre-equatorial row of 20 minor fenestra? half the size of those of major row, with same shape, direction, and proportion. Posterior zone of 6-8 fenestra?, very similar to anterior row. Regularity of rows of larger areas often broken by invasion and crowding of smaller ones and by dispersal of intercalary fenestra? of various sizes and shapes into minor rows. Some lorica? with only a pre-equatorial row of fenestra? and remainder of bowl filled with small polygonal or rounded fields of varying sizes and ir- 310 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology regular arrangement passing into the primary prismatic meshwork of the surrounding raised reticulum. Loricse at Sta. 4666 and adjacent stations with coccoliths of Uvibilicosphcera mirabilis and Syracosphoera pulchra filling secondary mesh. In one lorica, Coccolithophora leptopora studded the anterior 0.2 of bowl, leaving remainder to other coccoliths. In loricse without coccoliths fenestras have subhexagonal network of trabecule about them. All fenestras closed by hyaline panes. Wall made up of a single layer of rectangular, subequal prismatic polygons. Animal fills the greater portion of cavity. Ten loricae: L., total, 62-66 (64.3); collar, 20-24 (22.5). D., oral, 37^0 (39.3); bowl, 46-51 (47.0) /x. This frequently figured species was originally founded by Hseckel (1873, pi. 27, fig. 1), presumably upon a deformed lorica (see Kofoid, 1915), so that the type figure probably does not adequately illustrate either its dimensions or proportions. Should normal loricse of the type figured by Hseckel (1873) be discovered it will be necessary to retain Haeckel's name for them and to use Laackmann's (1909) name indica to designate the species for which we utilize Hseckel's older name. At 9 stations, viz., at 1, 6, and 2, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents, and Drift; at 66-69 (67.5)°; 120 loricse. XIII. TINTINNID^E Claparede and Lachmann emended Claus emended Kofoid and Campbell Tintinnoinea with loricse of various forms, usually elongated, tubu- lar, fusiform, amphora- or trumpet-shaped, usually rigid (flaccid only in Daturella); oral rim entire or toothed; suboral region often flaring; shaft or bowl cylindrical, subconical, or pyramidal; aboral end either open or closed ; lacking prominent spiral structure in wall ; never with rings; wall hyaline, bilaminate, mostly lacking secondary structure; often with longitudinal strise, ribs, or fins, either vertical or with dextral or sinistral torsion; marine, with 1 species in brackish water, mostly eupelagic in warm seas, but with a few representatives in polar seas. The most highly evolved and complex family of Tintinnoinea, judged by size and structural complexity of lorica, with three subfamilies, each with its own progressive series of genera. Of the three subfamilies, two, the Tintinninse and Stelidiellinse, are closed aborally like the great majority of other Tintinnoinea, and one, the Salpingellinse, has ab- orally open loricse; a feature seemingly developed independently in normal form only in Laackmanniella and Leprotintinnus. In a few KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 311 species of Tintinnopsis, such as Tps. aperta, radix, and panamensis, a posterolateral aboral opening resembling an artifact habitually occurs. The lorica3 of this family are hyaline and homogeneous for the greater part. Secondary structure, a prominent character of the thick-walled families such as the Codonellidse and Ptychocylidse, is wholly lacking, except in isolated instances such as in EpicraneUa prismatica, in which it appears to have been independently developed. This general hyalin- ity is similar to that of the Undellida?, but the patterns of the lorica in that family are wholly different and lack longitudinal differentiation. The loricse of the Tintinnidse are exceedingly varied in form. While the most primitive genera are simple and tubular, differentiation among the smaller genera results in fusiform or amphora-, tall goblet-, or slender beaker-shaped lorica?; however, the largest and most speci- ated genera are also tubular although trumpet-shaped when most specialized. Special modifications of form are highly developed in certain genera, as, for instance, in Odontophorella, Salpingacantha, Daturella, and among the fenestrated species of Stelidiella. Faceting is developed widely and is best seen in Rhabdosella and EpicraneUa in each of which it appears to have been evolved independently. Cytosome with 2, 4, or 8, macronuclei and 16-24 membranelles. Binary fission accomplished by development of new lateral cytostome on the posterior daughter which retains the parental lorica, and the anterior one secures the new lorica. Species of this family vary to an extraordinary degree in length, from 42 /x to 650 /x, the latter figure (for Eutintinnus birictus), being, except for Leprotintinnus neriticus at 1500/x and ParafaveUa denticulata at 750/x, the largest in the Tintin- noinea. Marine and principally eupelagic, only a single species, Eutin- tinnus tubus, from brackish water; the greatest speciation attained in tropical waters. Contains 20 genera and 136 species, represented by 17 genera and 87 species in Expedition material. Tintinnus, Bursaopsis, and Pro- amphorella, Kofoid and Campbell gen. nov. mss. for systematic reasons, also mentioned. Of the 17 genera in Expedition material, 2, Prostelidiella and Eutintinnus, are new, and Rhabdosella, is raised from subgenus to genus. Includes 3 subfamilies; Tintinninse, with 10 genera and 42 species, of which there are 7 genera and 23 species in Expedition material; the Stelidiellinse, with 4 genera and 12 species, of which all are present; and the Salpingellime, with 6 genera and 72 species, of which all genera, and 53 species are present. The affinities of the Tintinnidre are not clearly defined. Longitu- dinal structures often with more or less torsion occur widely throughout 312 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology the family and also in the Rhabdonellidre, a family which shows a slight tendency in the direction of a suboral flare, a feature widely prevalent among Tintinnida?. The simplest genera of the Tintinnidse, such as Tintinnus (as here restricted) and Canthariella, have a general re- semblance in form and proportions to some species of Tintinnidium and Tintinnopsis, the most primitive genera of Tintinnoinea. This resemblance seems to have more significance than that of the special- ized longitudinal stria3 and to suggest that this large and highly differ- entiated family must have had its evolutionary origin far back in the history of the group. However, spiral structure evident in so many of the lower families, is superseded in this highly evolved family by verti- cal modifications of the lorica. Certain changes are required in the subfamily names from those earlier given by us (1929). The subfamily Tintinninse was called Amphorellinese by us in 1929, and the Salpingellinre was called Tin- tinninese. This change has been brought about by the restriction of Tintinnus to species with closed aboral end, and by the introduction of Eutintinnus for species with an open aboral end. Tintinnus sensu stricto becomes the type genus of the Tintinninse, the primitive family with closed aboral end. The withdrawal of Tintinnus sensu stricto from its associates in our original Tintinnin?e leaves the remainder without a type genus. For this we select Salpingella and establish a new sub- family, the Salpingellinse. One subfamily, the Stelidiellina?, remains unchanged. Subfamily TINTINNIN^ nora. subfam. no v. Amphorellineae K. and C, 1929, p. 303. Tintinnida? with lorica rather small and short; collar, if present, funnel-shaped ; without a nuchal groove or a suboral ledge ; aboral end closed, with or without a pedicel or horn ; longitudinal structures, ex- cept in Amphorella and Amphorellopsis rather feebly, if at all, de- veloped; all marine. Simplest and most primitive subfamily, with its primitive features in slight differentiation of suboral and aboral regions. Thus, in Tin- tinnus {sensu stricto) and Bursaopsis there is no differentiation of the collar. In all the other genera of this subfamily it is at the most merely a funnel-shaped flare without rim, thickening, ledge, shelf, or trough of any sort. Only in Dadayiella bullosa and Odontopkorella serrulata are denticles or circumoral spinules present. The aboral region is rather more differentiated, but only in a relatively few species. It is KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 313 hemispheroidal or flattened in Tintinnus, Bursaopsis, and some species of Canthariella and Steenstrnpiella; truncated in Proamphorella; angled in some species of Canthariella and Steenstrupiella; pointed in Amphorellopsis, Odontophorella, Albatrossiella, and Dadayiella; and provided with an aboral horn in Albatrossiella and Dadayiella. The extreme differentiation of the aboral region in the whole family Tin- tinnidae is attained in Dadayiella jorgenseni in which the aboral horn has a terminal radiating ring of horizontally projecting spikes. The longest aboral horn, relatively to the total length, in all of the Tin- tinnoinea is developed in Albatrossiella filigera. The linear, usually longitudinal, structures which are characteristic of so many genera of the Tintinnidae, are variously and, in some genera in the Tintinninae, rather highly developed. They are wholly lacking in Tintinnus, Albatrossiella, and some species of Canthariella. They are present as full-length, but interrupted vertical striae in Bursaopsis; as short, incipient, aboral striae in some species of Canthariella and Steenstrupiella; as suboral vertical striae in Dadayiella (full-length in D. cuspis); as spiral full-length fins in Proamphorella; vertical full- length fins in Amphorella and Odontophorella; and partial or full- length ones in Amphorellopsis. In Odontophorella the added feature of serrations on the fins appears, the only instance of longitudinal serration in the Tintinnoinea. In this subfamily the main lines of evolution have been development of aboral horn and of longitudinal fins. Neither torsion of linear struc- tures nor differentiation of the suboral region into subsidiary special- ized structures have developed in the Tintinninae to an extent com- parable to that attained elsewhere in the Tintinnoinea. The Tintinninse contain 10 genera, as follows: — Tintinnus (5 species), Bursaopsis (12), Canthariella (4), Steenstrupiella (5), Pro- amphorella gen. nov. (1), Amphorella (6), Amphorellopsis (7), Odon- tophorella (1), Albatrossiella (3), and Dadayiella (8). Proamphorella gen. nov. Kofoid and Campbell mss. is founded on Bursaopsis quin- quealata (Laackmann) K. and C. (1929, p. 305), originally described as Tintinnus, its type and only species. Subfamily STELIDIELLIN^E Kofoid and Campbell (1929) Tintinnidae with fairly short and stout lorica; collar highly de- veloped either as a wide, projecting, low dish, shaped like a deep soup plate, or with a circumoral ring and a ledge, or nuchal cone, below it; bowl scabbard- or sack-shaped, or inverted conical ; aboral end always 314 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology closed; full-length or partial longitudinal structures usually present (not in some species of Ormosella) ; wall lacking evident prismatic structure; marine in tropical and subtropical seas. The most highly specialized subfamily of the three in the Tintinnidae, in structural development of the suboral region, taking the form in Ormosella of a wide, overhanging collar comparable to that in simpler species of Codonella and Cyttarocylis, but more squarely set off below, without parallel in any other genus in the Tintinnidae. In Prostelidiella and Stelidiella this suboral funnel is divided into two regions, a rela- tively narrow, erect, or flaring circumoral ring, and an inverted trun- cated conical nuchal cone below it, which in Stelidiella is fenestrated. Fenestra do not occur elsewhere in the Tintinnidse, and in the Tintin- noinea only in the Dictyocystidse and in Xystonellopsis omata. In Brandtiella the suboral region is divided into the flaring circumoral ring and an angular suboral ledge below it. Aboral end of the Stelidiellinse very diversely differentiated; bluntly or acutely pointed; drawn out in an elongated aboral horn in Ormosella; bluntly rounded in Brandtiella; angled in Canthariella and in Prosteli- diella and Stelidiella due to structural influence of longitudinal angles on bowl. These angles also influence the shape of this region in Brand- tiella. Longitudinal structures on bowl are present in all of genera, though not noted in three species of Ormosella, but in the other four ranging in number from 7 to 12 and extending from nuchal region to aboral horn; in Prostelidiella and Stelidiella forming prominent projecting angles extending from nuchal region to aboral end and giving an angular faceting to whole bowl; and in Brandtiella few, and confined to lower end of bowl. In the evolution of this subfamily the suboral region reaches the maximum differentiation in the Tintinnidae, the aboral region, how- ever, except in Ormosella, remains in the primitive angled (Cantha- riella) condition, and the longitudinal structures remain rather simple and do not develop torsion. Contains 4 genera, as follows: — Ormosella (7 species), Brandtiella (1), Prostelidiella gen. nov. (1), and Stelidiella (3). Subfamily SALPINGELLIN.E nom. subfam. nov. Tintinninese K. and C, 1929, p. 327. Tintinnidae with elongated, tubular, or trumpet-shaped loricre; oral margin either unmodified, entire, toothed, flaring, everted, or reflexed, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 315 with or without a circumoral brim; suboral funnel usually but not al- ways present, never fenestrated; bowl cylindrical, or narrowly inverted subconical, with or without a median bulge, and often with a more con- tracted inverted aboral cone ; aboral end always open, broadly in Eutin- tinnus, narrowly with a short conical or cylindrical terminal aboral region in Salpingella and Epicranella; longitudinal structures either lacking, confined to aboral or to suboral and aboral regions, or full length, often with torsion, sometimes elevated as fins, or arched below the circumoral brim; wall lacking evident prismatic structure except in Daturella and locally in some species of Epicranella; marine, in all seas, but largely tropical. The evolution of the Salpingellinse has taken three major lines : The first is exhibited in the elongation and increase in diameter of the more or less tubular or inverted subconical bowl, which attains its maximum in Eutintinnus birictus and Salpingella regulata; the second, in the gradual expansion, and even eversion, of the truncated aboral end; and the third line, in differentiation of circumoral and suboral regions. The shaft or bowl in simpler species of Eutintinnus, such as pacificus, tubus, and apertus, is short, as in the primitive genus Tintinnus (sensu stricto), and its open aboral end is only somewhat enlarged. In Datu- rella, also, the simplest species, D. angusta, has a relatively short lorica. In Salpingella and Salpingacantha the simplest species are also the shortest, as, for example, Salpingella lineata and Salpingacantha crenulata. 'Within the genera Eutintinnus, Daturella, Salpingella, and Salpingacantha, there has been a progressive evolution among their species in size, especially in length, often accompanied by structural evolution in suboral and aboral regions or in longitudinal structures. The ranges in size within these genera are among the greatest in the genera of the Tintinnoinea. The suboral region has undergone a considerable variety of more or less correlated differentiation. In Eutintinnus and Rhabdosella the differentiation is limited to a short, slight suboral flare, and at the most to only a slight thickening of oral rim, except in the subgenus Odontotintinnus, in which there is little or no flare and the oral margin is minutely toothed. This denticulation occurs elsewhere in the Tin- tinnidse in Odontophorella, Dadayiella bulbosa, Stelidiella stelidium, Daturella emarginata, and, perhaps by artifact, in Salpingacantha. It is thus a rather frequently emergent character in this family and may be correlated with the prevalence of other longitudinal differentiations therein. It thus appears in this subfamily even in Eutintinnus, in 316 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology which other vertical structures are wholly absent. In Daturella, Salpingella, -and Salpingacantha the suboral funnel widens to a trumpet-shaped form and the oral rim develops a slight marginal thickening, widens to a horizontal brim, and even becomes reflexed, as it is in all species of Epicranella. In the graceful lorica? of Epicranella the under surface of the brim and the outer surface of the suboral cone are adorned with a necklace formed of spiraled ribs and suboral arches. Aboral region squarely truncated in all genera, the subfamily falling into two distinct groups with regard to its shape; in Eutintinnus and Daturella more or less widely open, even almost as widely as the oral end, as in E. mirabilis and tubiformis. A general survey of the Tintin- nidje as a whole suggests that this condition is not the primitive one but has evolved from the closed type seen in Tintinnus. In this event the subgenus Ceratotintinnus, with a contracted aboral region and narrow opening, is more primitive than the subgenus Eutintinnus, with the wTide opening; and the genera, such as Salpingella, with contracted aboral ends, are more primitive than Eutintinnus and Daturella with more widely open ends. The second group in the subfamily consists of Salpingella, Salpingacantha, Rhabdosella, and Epicranella, in which the aboral end is contracted and the opening very small. There is a marked tendency for a very short aboral cylinder to be formed at the aboral tip in all of these genera. An open aboral end occurs elsewhere in the Tintinnoinea in T intinnidium primitivum Busch, which Hofker (1931b) has shown quite correctly to be only the incomplete lorica of Tdm. incertum with a closed aboral end wrhen completed. It also occurs in full extent in Leprotintinnus, Laackmanniella ; in Clima- cocylis in quite irregular form, as though induced by some accident, as also in Tintinnopsis aperta, panamensis, and radix; in like fashion at times in CodonellojJsis longa; and occasionally in species of Cyttarocylis and Xystonellopsis as a minute canal. This wide distribution is sug- gestive of the relationship of this opening to the varying persistence and effect on the structure of the aboral end of the protoplasmic connection of the daughter schizonts during and at the close of the formation of the lorica at fission. Longitudinal structural differentiations in the Salpingellhue pre- sent a wide range in evolution. In the aberrant Daturella they range in number from 4 to 14, and in length from 0.75 total length to full length, and in direction from vertical to right and left torsion, except in the questionable species D. angusta (Bdt.), in which no striae appear. They are full-length in Rhabdosella octogcnata, whereas they are in a suboral and an aboral group of different number in cuneolata. In KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 317 Salpingella and Salpingacantha they are developed as low fins and vary in length from a short aboral zone to full length, are rarely separated, as in Salpingella jugosa, into a suhoral and an aboral group, and generally have but little torsion except in Salpingella altiplicata. In Epicranella they are full length only in E. prismatica, being in the two groups in other species and always having considerable torsion, both right and left occurring in this genus. Faceting of the inter- costal spaces occurs in Rhabdonella and Epicranella. Contains 6 genera, as follows: Eutintinnus gen. now (30 species), Daturella (8), Salpingella (25), Salpingacantha (7), Rhabdosella (2), raised from subgeneric to generic status in this Report, and Epicra- nella (5). 34. TINTINNUS Schrank emended Tintinnus, Apstein, 1915, p. 123. Tintinnidium, K. and C, parlim, 1929, p. 9 (see also Tintinnidium). Tintinnus, K. and C, partim, 1929, p. 329 (see also Eutintinnus). Tintinninre with lorica without flaring collar; oral margin entire; aboral end closed and rounded ; wall hyaline without evident structure. The known species are all from marine or brackish waters. Type species Tintinnus inquilinus (O. F. Miiller) Schrank from the Baltic off Copenhagen, as designated by Apstein (1915). Tintinnus as here restricted differs from all other genera in the Tintinninre except Bur- saopsis in the broadly rounded aboral end, and from Bursaopsis in the absence of longitudinal striae or other structural modifications of the wall. Includes only 4 species, as follows: — bursa (Cleve) Brandt, in- quilinus (O. F. Miiller) Schrank, obliquus Claparede and Lachmann, and vitreus Brandt. In our Conspectus (1929) we went to considerable pains to clear up the confusion over Tintinnus inquilinus and Tintinnidium fluviatile and endeavored to meet the nomenclatural difficulties by recognizing both and assigning both to the genus Tintinnidium. Unfortunately, we overlooked Apstein's (1915, p. 123) designation of the species inquilinus as the type of the genus Tintinnus. This genus as generally conceived, and as treated by us (1929), had been limited to species with loricse in which the aboral end is widely open. The wealth and variety of species which have been accumulated in the course of more than a century since O. F. Miiller (1776) first described Trichoda inquilina, and especially the diversity of forms brought to light by the 318 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, compel a segregation of the diversified types assigned, even by Jorgensen (1924), to Tintinnns into a number of different genera which can be clearly defined by their morphology. As Jorgensen's paper clearly shows, it was even then wholly impossible to give a generic diagnosis to Tintinnus sensu lato. Apstein's unfortunate choice of the species inquilinus as the type of Tintinnus makes it necessary to restrict this name to a small group of species with rounded, aboral ends, and to part the name Tintinnus from the largest group of species in the whole family Tintinnidse with which it had so long been associated, namely, the tubular species with open aboral ends, now designated in this Report as the genus Eutin- tinnus. We accordingly retract our assignment of this species inqui- linum from Tintinnidium, where we had associated it with other species with rounded aboral ends, but all of which, except inquilinum, had a "mucilaginous" basis for the lorica and were covered with adherent particles. The species inquilinum alone in Tintinnidium as then revised by us had a finer, hyaline texture. Additional reasons for our placing it in Tintinnidium were its size and proportions and the fact that some species, such as *Tdm. semiciliatum and Tdm. fluviatile, had but few or small adherent particles. We now return the species inquilinus to the genus Tintinnus as its designated type (Apstein, 1915) and retain in Tintinnus only this type, and T. bursa (Cleve) Brandt, T. obliquus Claparede and Lach- mann, and T. vitreus Brandt. Tintinnus ramosus Lohmann (1920, pp. 228, 467) is a nomen nudum, the allocation of which cannot be made for lack of data. 35. BURSAOPSIS Kofoid and Campbell emended Bursaopsis, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 303-305, figs. 576-581 (see also Dadayiella, Tintinnus, and Proamphorella). This genus was established by us (1929) as a convenient receptacle for a group of 7 species not readily allocated in other genera. They had all been described in either Tintinnus or Amphorella, but were ex- cluded from the former as restricted by Jorgensen (1924) and accepted by us (1929), to tubular loricre with open aboral ends, by their closed aboral ends, and from the latter by the absence of a flaring collar and (except in B. quinquealata [Laackmann] K. and C.) the absence of fins. Our assemblage of species in Bursaopsis was somewhat incongruous, since it included the finned B. quinquealata, the striate B. puncto- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 319 striata and B. striata, the non-striate B. vitrea, B. bursa, and B. obliqua, and the "tubular subulate" B.fergusoni. In our Conspectus (1929) we followed Jorgensen (1924) in restricting the genus Tintinnus to species with tubular lorieae with open aboral ends. In so doing, we, in common with Jorgensen, overlooked Ap- stein's (1915) earlier designation of Tintinnus inquilinus O. F. Miiller (1776, as Trichoda inquilina) with a closed aboral end, as the type species of the genus Tintinnus. We had also followed Faure-Fremiet (1908a) in shifting Tintinnus inquilinus to Tintinnidium, in the opinion that this species with a closed aboral end did not belong to Tintinnus. To meet the nomenclatural situation created by Apstein's designa- tion of Tintinnus inquilinus as the type species of Tintinnus, we are in this monograph excluding from Tintinnus, as thus typed, all species with open aboral ends, and designate the genus for species with open aboral ends as Eutintinnus, with E. birictus as the type. The characters of the genus Tintinnus sensu stricto thus become a hyaline lorica, closed, rounded aboral end, and absence of fins, striae, and specialized collar. As thus defined, it becomes feasible to transfer from Bursaopsis to Tintinnus a group of three species, B. vitrea (Brandt) K. and C, B. bursa (Cleve) K. and C, and B. obliqua (Claparede and Lachmann) K. and C. The aberrant Bursaopsis quinquealata (Laackmann), with Amphorella-like fins, is removed to a new genus, Proamphorella. The disposition of B. fergusoni (Ryder) K. and C. presents difficulties in the absence of figures. The description determines the fact that the lorica is hyaline, the aboral end closed, and the oral margin strongly toothed or serrate. The lorica is also stated to be subulate. The genus which may most readily receive such a species is Dadayiella, which has species with hyaline subulate loricae with closed aboral ends. There are no toothed species in the genus except as unfinished (?) lorica? of D. ganymedes (see K. and C, 1929, fig. 670) sometimes have the sub- oral striae extending beyond the oral margin as slender, acicular teeth. This leaves in Bursaopsis only two species, B. striata (Daday) K. and C, the type, and B. punctostriata (Daday) K. and C. To meet the species content of Bursaopsis thus reduced, the generic characters are here emended as follows: BURSAOPSIS Kofoid and Campbell emended Lorica hyaline, more or less elongated; oral margin entire; no flaring collar; aboral end closed, rounded, without point or horn; wall striate with longitudinal striae, but without fins. 320 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Type species Bursaopsis striata (Daday) K. and C. from Mediter- ranean off Naples. Includes also B. punctostriata (Daday) K. and C. 36. CANTHARIELLA Kofoid and Campbell Tintinninse with lorica small, capsular, 1.72-2.20 o.d.; collar conical (45-60°), with definite nuchal angle; oral margin entire; bowl sub- cylindrical subcorneal; aboral end truncated, angular, or acute, with or without faint posterior facets ; no longitudinal fins, but faint .angles in C. septinaria; marine, in tropical seas. Type species Canthariella brevis K. and C. from Sta. 4722 in Drift of Pacific. Contains 4 species of which 3, brevis, septinaria, and trvneata, all new, occur in Expedition material. C. pyramidata occurs in the Mediterranean. Canthariella brevis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 12 Lorica inverted campanulate anteriorly, inverted subconical below, tapering in aboral 0.7 t.l., contracting abruptly to angular aboral end; 2.0-2.2 (2.1) o.d. Collar segment of slightly convex, inverted, trun- cated cone (50°), 0.2 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.75 o.d. Bowl subconical, 0.8 t.l., tapering uniformly in a slightly convex inverted segment of a cone of 7°. Aboral region 0.3 o.d. in length, an inverted cone of 52-55°, terminating in an acute antapex. No facets. Wall thickened in nuchal region. Animal with 2 spherical macronuclei, lO^u in diameter. Three lories: L., total, 47-54 (50.0). D., oral, 23-24 (23.3); mid- way, 15/x. At 3 stations, in Drift; at 75-81 (77.0)°; 3 loricse. Canthariella septinaria Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 16 Lorica inverted campanulate anteriorly, subconical below, with abruptly blunt aboral end; 1.72-1.79 (1.75) o.d. Collar like end of trumpet, a segment of an inverted convex cone of 60°, 0.18-0.21 (0.19) t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.73-0.79 o.d. Bowl inverted subconical 4° an- teriorly, and abruptly 25° distally, increasingly convex posteriorly, 0.8 t.l., with greatest diameter (0.8 o.d.) at throat. Aboral region for KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 321 0.25 t.l. faintly marked by 7-8 equidistant regular angles, with 7-8 flattened facets between, fading out anteriorly and merging posteriorly in broadly rounded, subtruneate aboral end; with faint aboral angula- tion formed by termination of facets, and diameter at level of contrac- tion 0.5 o.d. Wall with greenish tinge, very thin at oral margin, thickening in nuchal region, thinning gradually in aboral region. Sur- face in lower 0.5-0.8 t.l. not uniformly convex outwardly, but flattened, with 7 or 8 longitudinal, plane, or slightly concave facets, with re- current thickening of wall as focus passes the angles. Attached navi- culoid diatoms of small size of the genus Cocconeis were found on one lorica arranged in a circle around aboral end, with long axes vertical, as in diatoms on Salpingella acuminata. Animal with 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei 3.5 by 5/ji, with adjacent spherical micronuclei 2/x in diameter. Three lorica: L., total, 50-52 (51.0); collar, 9-11 (10.0); bowl, 41. D., oral, 29; nuchal, 22-24 (23.3) ». At 4 stations, in Drift; at 70-75 (73.2)°; 4 lorica. Canthariella truncata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 11 Lorica small, with slender subcylindrical bowl and a truncated aboral end; 1.75-1.92 (1.79) o.d. Collar a segment of an inverted truncate cone of 45-50°, with straight outer surface 0.19-0.26 t.l. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.6 o.d. Bowl subcylindrical, with greatest diameter midway, a trifle greater than nuchal; 0.8 t.l.; lower half a segment of a slightly convex inverted cone of 8°. Aboral end squarely truncated, with rounded angles, 0.3 o.d. in diameter. Wall uniformly very thin, very hyaline, homogeneous throughout. Two lorica: L., total, 42-57 (49.2); collar, 8-13 (11.2); bowl, 34-44 (38.2). D., oral, 24-30 (27.2); midway, 16-23 (18.2); aboral end, 8-9. At 2 stations, in Drift; at 72-75°; 2 lorica. 37. STEENSTRUPIELLA Kofoid and Campbell Tintinnina with lorica from peg- to stout nail-shaped; 2.10-6.28 o.d. in length; oral margin always entire; oral aperture 0.2-0.6 t.l. in diameter; collar steep or low funnel-shaped, concave or convex out- wardly, a segment of an inverted cone of 32-40°; bowl stout or elon- gated, 0.80-0.94 t.l., cylindrical to subconical anteriorly, sometimes 322 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology with median inflation or contraction, posteriorly slightly tapering, or slightly inflated; aboral region sack-like; aboral end rounded, pointed, or pyramidal (40-75°), with 4-10 vertical decurrent striae or low fins, 0.11-0.30 t.l.; marine. Type species Steenstrapiella steenstrupii (Clapa- rede and Lachmann) K. and C. from North Sea off Norway. A unique genus somewhat like Canthariella in form but differing in more widely flaring, more nearly horizontal collar, instead of higher, funnel-shaped collar of latter. The bowl usually has a posterior in- flation above antapex, quite unlike tapering bowl of Canthariella, but different in form from posteriorly inflated bowls in other Tintinninae, such as the pedicellate genera Dadayiella and Albatrossiella or the pointed Amphorellopsis and Odontophorella ; resembling superficially Salpingella, but differing from it in less flaring collar, posterior infla- tion, and closed aboral end. Differs from Amphorella in absence of truncate antapex, less bulge of bowl, more abrupt flare of collar, and more slender lorica. Collar resembles that of Albatrossiella and some species of Amphorellopsis. The feeble development of stria? and their limitation to a posterior location is forecast in the feeble posterior striae of Canthariella septinaria. In shape of collar and posterior striae, Steenstrupiella leads in direction of Salpingella. Established by us (1929) for species included previously in Ampho- rella, Stichotricha, or Tintinnus. Tintinnus steenstrupii was first de- scribed by Claparede and Lachmann (1858), and later by Daday (1887b), who placed it in Amphorella. Together with Stichotricha in- quilinus (Entz, Sr., 1884) ( = Steenstrupiella entzi K. and C.) it has been allocated to either Tintinnus or Amphorella by previous writers. Jorgensen (1924) added Amphorella intumescens (Jorgensen) and gracilis (Jorgensen) from the Mediterranean, noting their relationship to the above species. We (1929) recognized all four, adding robusta K. and C. to them, and separated this homogeneous group of elongated species from Amphorella on basis of rounded instead of truncate aboral end, and striae instead of highly developed fins on aboral region of bowl. Includes 5 species, of which 3 are present in Expedition material. Of the 5, robusta was new, and entzi was given as a new name by us (1929). Steenstrupiella gracilis (Jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 2 Lorica minute, stout phial-shaped; 2.10-2.56 (2.31) o.d. Collar a low, truncated funnel forming a segment of a convex inverted trun- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 323 cated cone of 62°, 0.13 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.50-0.65 o.d. Bowl sack- like, 0.S7 t.l., cylindrical in anterior 0.55-0.66, with diameter decreas- ing slightly near middle; slightly inflated below middle to 0.65 o.d. at 0.77 t.l. from oral margin. Aboral region an inverted pyramid of 60° below inflated region, hexagonal in cross section, and pointed or bluntly truncated aborally, according to the side viewed, with 4 or 6 longitudinal, subequal, subequidistant angles or rounded elevations, 0.12 t.l. in length, running towards aboral end, marking boundaries of flattened sides of posterior pyramid, but not forming fins, continuing to aboral end, as in Stelidiella, but less clearly marked. Wall hyaline, homogeneous, with slightly greenish tinge. Wall of collar at nuchal level; thinning out to oral margin. Wall of bowl thicker midway and thinner posteriorly. Animal with 2 large oval macronuclei, 8 by 10fx. Seven lories: L., total, 61-76 (70.9), D., oral, 28-32 (30.4) ; midwav, 15-18 (16.5) m. The "2 strise" figured by Jorgensen (1924, fig. 19) are probably due to the greater development of 2 of the 6 angles and may be associated with the truncate aboral end figured by him. At 17 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 1, 2, and 11, respectively, in California Current, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 68-83 (73.5)°; 22 lories. Steenstrupiella robusta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 14 Amphorella steenstrupi, Alzamora, 1929, p. 6, fig. 12. Lorica elongated, medium sized phial-shaped; 3.3-4.3 (3.7) o.d. Collar a low, truncated funnel of 80°, with slightly convex sides round- ing up at rim, 0.1 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.6 o.d. Bowl 0.9 t.l., elongated tubular in anterior 0.6 t.l., bulging hexagonal for 0.25, and a pyramid aborally. Anterior tubular portion circular in cross section, with great- est diameter (0.6 o.d.) at throat, decreasing very little but evenly posteriorly in a segment of an inverted cone of 6°, to somewhat below middle, to 0.5 o.d., then increasing below this level of greatest contrac- tion to 0.55 o.d. at 0.18 its length from antapex, within a cone of 6-10°. Aboral end of bowl a blunt, low, inverted pyramid of hexagonal cross section, 0.07 t.l., with an included angle of 75-80°. Aboral end in some views truncated, because of relations of ridges to angle of vision. Ridges 6, equidistant, convex, longitudinal, 0.3 t.l., widest 324 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology midway. Wall with slight greenish tinge. Collar thickened with an Araphorella-like thickening just above throat, thinning regularly to oral rim; elsewhere very thin. Animal with 2 macronuelei. Posterior end subject to deformations in contour, due to its delicate structure. Nine loricje: L., total, 107-133 (120.9). D., oral, 29-37 (33.0); mid- way, 13-18 (15.0); posterior expansion, 14-20 (17.4) ix. At 15 stations, viz., at 1, 2, 3, and 9, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 69-84 (77.3)°; 19 loricse. Steenstrupiella steenstrupii (Claparede and Lachmann) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 5 Lorica elongated, stout nail-shaped, relatively slender, with a wide' flaring, low, bowl-shaped collar; 3.12-6.28 (4.70) o.d. Collar a widely flaring, low, bowl-shaped funnel forming a segment of a slightly convex inverted cone of 55-65°, 0.06 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.6 o.d. Bowl elon- gated subcylindrical, narrow, 3-6 o.d. in length and 0.94 t.l., an- teriorly evenly subconical (3°), narrowest (0.3 o.d. or 0.5 nuchal diameter) at or below middle. Tubular anterior bowl 0.8 t.l. Lower bowl slightly swollen, with greatest diameter (0.5 o.d.) at 0.33 o.d. above aboral end. Aboral end below this widest level a low, very con- vex inverted cone increasing aborally from 30° to 90° as a whole. Antapex bluntly rounded. Fins 6, vertical, subequidistant, low, ex- tending from slightly above antapex anteriorly for 0.11 t.l.; in some loricse very faint and apparently very soft and thin, as shown by in- juries in many loricse. Wall hyaline, with very fine prisms (Brandt, pi. 69, fig. 9) ; thicker above throat, thinning above and below. Wall of bowl thinning aborally. Animal with 2 ovoidal macronuelei, each 5 by 8n, located one above the other in opposite ends of long cytosome, and 18 membranelles. Ten lorica?: L., total, 173-258 (208.0). D., oral, 36-43 (38.6); mid- way, 12-16 (14.3); aboral, 14-20 (17.8) m- Our loricse are longer (1 73-258 /jl) than those from the Atlantic ( 100-200 n). In view of the similarity of our material in proportions to the original figure by Claparede and Lachmann, we allocate long slender loricse to steenstrupii and stouter ones with less flaring collars and less constriction of bowl to robusta. At 47 stations, viz., at 5, 4, 2, 2, 1, 10, 2, and 21, respectively, in KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 325 California, Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial, and North Equa- torial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-84 (75)°; 124 loricae. 38. AMPHORELLA Daday emended Jorgensen, emended Kofoid and Campbell Tintinninae with lorica vase-like, 1.60-3.98 o.d. in length; oral margin always entire, circular or rectangular; collar funnel-shaped; bowl cylindrical, becoming convex, pyramidal aborally between fins and sometimes inflated; antapex closed, truncated; bowl with 3, 4, or 8 longitudinal ridges, angles, or fins, 0.5-1.0 t.l.; wall hyaline, without evident alveolar structure; animal attached laterally. Type species Amphorella quadrilineata (Claparede and Lachmann) Daday from off the coast of Norway. Varies in length from 66 n in laackmanni to a maximum of 220^ in amphora; oral diameters generally 40-50/i, 20/i in laackmanni. Statements (see Jorgensen, 1924, p. 16) citing Clap- arede and Lachmann's record (1858, p. 199) of a length of 300;u. for amphora have persisted in the literature, though no investigator has since found a lorica of Amphorella of any such size. Furthermore, it is probable that Claparede and Lachmann's stated length of 200-300ju is in round numbers. When their figure of Tintinnus amphora (their pi. 8, fig. 3) is measured according to their stated magnifications (their p. 477 "de grossissement est de 300 a 350 diametres"), its length is only 1 89-220 ft. Founded by Daday (1887b) on species which in the main had been previously included in Tintinnus. The generic characters which he utilized were transparent structureless wall, closed aboral end, and lateral attachment of animal to lorica. Jorgensen later (1924) noted several types of surface differentiation in Amphorella, but did not specify any one as distinctive, particularly not longitudinal fins, which we (1929, p. 307) later utilized as a generic character of Am- phorella sensu strieto. Closed aboral end and fins are distinguishing characteristics which alone separate Amphorella from Tintinnus ( = Eutintinnus of this monograph). Daday included 12 species, of which 2, amphora and quadrilineata, were retained by us (1929) in Amphorella in our revision; 2, inquilinus and steenstrupii, were in- cluded in Steenstrupiella; 3, obliqua, punctostriata and striata, in Bursaopsis; 1, ganymedes, in Dadayiella; 1, subulata, in Helicostomella; 1, tuberculata, in Codonellopsis; 1, norvegica, in Acanthostomella; and 1, mediterranea, in Metacylis. 326 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology The fins of Amphorella are very delicate and easily overlooked, a condition responsible for not a little systematic confusion. This con- fusion began with the investigation of Claparede and Lachmann (1858), who described two species as Tintinnus amphora and T. quadri- lineata, the former without, and the latter with fins. Jorgensen (1924) reviewed the evidence from the widely investigated Norwegian plankton and concluded that no species corresponding to T. amphora had ever been found, basing his statement on the absence of fins in, and the large size of, T. amphora. He therefore reduced amphora to a synonym of quadrilineata, regardless of the fact that amphora has page and plate priority over quadrilineata. In the absence of rediscovery this decision is a matter of opinion. The size distinction fades out of the picture when one measures Claparede and Lachmann's figure. Their figured lorica of amphora actually measures only 189-220/* in length, a size comparable with that of some other species and at least partially within the known range in size (1 20-200 /jl) of quadrilineata. The seem- ing absence of fins, on the other hand, if actual, would exclude amphora from Amphorella as defined by us, and leave it in Tintinnus (sensu stricto), as limited in this Report. However, its shape, proportions, form of collar, and truncate aboral end clearly indicate that in these particulars its affiliation is with Amphorella. We therefore leave it in Amphorella, as did Brandt (1906, 1907), assume that Claparede and Lachmann (1858) overlooked the fins, and conclude that Brandt's T. amphora ("typisch") from the Gulf Stream, North Equatorial Current, and Irminger Sea, and also from off New Pomerania in the Western Pacific, is the species Claparede and Lachmann figured, but omitted the fins which Brandt later (pi. 69, fig. 6) found. Jorgensen (1924) gave to this figure of Brandt's the name Amphorella quadrilin- eata var. brandti on the assumption that it was not A. quadrilineata, and we (1929) raised it to specific status. As Jorgensen (1924, p. 18) points out, Brandt's figure, as compared with Claparede and Lach- mann's, has a more flaring collar, but this character is quite variable in quadrilineata and changes with the pressure of the coverglass, while the nuchal thickening varies with the face presented to view. His three additional reasons for separating Brandt's figure from A. amphora are invalid. These are (1) the thicker wall in the collar region, (2) the posterior location of the aboral expansion of the bowl, and (3) the smaller size of Brandt's lorica. In the first place, Claparede and Lach- mann do not figure the thickness of the wall. Their vague shading in the nuchal region, as elsewhere, is clearly for contour only. Therefore, a comparison of the two is not possible. Secondly, the region of great- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 327 est expansion of the bowl is in its aboral half and is below the middle in both Claparede and Lachmann's and in Brandt's figures. The differ- ences in the precise location of the greatest diameter are, at best, but slight, this diameter being located at 2.50 o.d. below the oral rim in Claparede and Lachmann's figure, and at 2.25 in Brandt's. Thirdly, the actual measurement of Claparede and Lachmann's figure based on its stated magnification (300-350 diameters) brings it within the range of Brandt's later measurements of his typical T. amphora. An additional reason for concluding that Brandt's, rather than Jorgensen's, solution is the correct one, is that Brandt records amphora in currents tributary to Norwegian waters. In Brandt's records it is mainly tropical in occurrence, but probably drifts occasionally with Gulf Stream water into Norwegian coastal waters, where Claparede and Lachmann (1858) first found it. This conclusion fits the known facts of morphology and distribution into the systematic problem, leaves the old names undisturbed, and affords a workable basis for the recognition of the largest species of the genus. Jorgensen (1899) corrected the errors into which Claparede and Lachmann (1858) fell regarding their Tintinnus quadrilineatus, first, that the so-called "cannelures" were in reality not furrows but external fins, and that there were three instead of four of these in Amphorella quadrilineata from Norway. In this paper and in later (1905) one, he concluded that amphora and quadrilineata were identical, and that Daday's (1887b, pi. 18, fig. 5) Naples specimen was a different species, which he named A. dadayi but whose validity he later (1924) aban- doned. Brandt's (1907) extensive material from the Atlantic explored by the Plankton Expedition brought him in contact with the puzzling condi- tions in the identification of species raised by the imperfections and contradictions in the previous work of Claparede and Lachmann (1858) Entz, Sr. (1884), Daday (1887b), and Biitschli (1889), and the added perplexities raised by Jorgensen's conclusions above noted. Added to these difficulties were those which he himself created by the relatively slight attention given by him in his monograph to the Tintinnidse, by his wide concept of the genus Tintinnus, his return of Amphorella to Tintinnus, and by his unique method of establishing a trinomial sys- tem. Brandt's (1907) idea that wall structure had great systematic value seems to be responsible for his failure to recognize the very great di- versity of form and morphology of the loricse of Tintinnus as he con- ceived it. He compressed into this genus all species with a hyaline, 328 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology structureless wall without secondary structure, and generally without evidence of primary structure. In consequence of this, the genus Amphorella established by Daday was compressed, along with some of the species of our genus Steenstrupiella, into the now already greatly diversified genus Tintinnus, as the "Formenkreis von Tintinnus amphora und Tintinnus steenstrupi." Into the first part of this hetero- geneous complex he placed three diverse species: T. amphora Clapa- rede and Lachmann, with truncate aboral end; T. acutus Schmidt, with pointed aboral end; and T. palliatus Brandt, with pyramidal aboral end and a mantle. The first of these constitutes the genus Amphorella, as emended by Jorgensen; the second we (1929) referred to our genus Amphorellopsis, with a pointed instead of truncate aboral end ; and for the third, which is wholly different in morphology from all other Tin- tinnidse, we erected a new genus, Brandtiella. In the Tintinnus amphora form cycle, thus shown, there remained only four systematic units, T. amphora "typisch", T. amphora var. quadrilineata (Claparede and Lachmann), T. amphora var. dadayi, and T. amphora var. c. Brandt (1907) did not accept Jorgensen's (1899) amalgamation of Claparede and Lachmann's T. amphora and T. quadri- lineatus. He recognized both in the material of the Plankton Expedi- tion, confirmed the three-finned structure of both previously noted by Jorgensen for quadrilineatus, accepted the validity of dadayi, though he did not find it in his material, and reduced it to a variety of T. amphora. In our Conspectus (1929) we followed Brandt (1907) in recognizing both amphora and quadrilineata, but gave them both specific status, limiting amphora to Claparede and Lachmann's original figure and calling Brandt's (pi. 69, figs. 3, 4, 7) figures of quadrilineata a new species, Amphorella infundibulum; assigned Brandt's "typical" amphora to the species A. brandti, following in this Jorgensen's (1924) rejection of Brandt's view as to the allocation of these loricse; rejected T. dadayi Jorgensen by reducing it to a synonym of A. quadrilineata, following Jorgensen (1924) in this; and raised Brandt's var. c to specific status as A. calida. Jorgensen's (1924) conception of the genus Amphorella was based primarily on the closed aboral end and thin, simple wall, regardless of the shape of the lorica and of the presence or absence of fins. This re- sulted in his inclusion in Amphorella of the following other genera later recognized by us (1929), namely, Steenstrupiella, including gracilis (his fig. 19), intumescens (his fig. 18), and steenstrupii (his fig. 16); Amphorellopsis, including tetragona; Dadayiella, including acutiformis (his fig. 22d), ganymedes (his fig. 22a), bullosa (his fig. 22b), jbrgenseni KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 329 (his fig. 22c), and packytcecus (his fig. 20); Ormosella, including trache- lium (his fig. 21); Canthariella, including pyramidata (his fig. 17); and Craterella, including ozyura (his fig. 23), torulatq (his fig. 24), and urceo- lata (his fig. 25a, b). Jorgensen (1924), in his monograph, continues within Amphorella, as conceived by him, his earlier (1899) confusion of amphora with quadrilineata; recognizes the small form, our minor, as quadrilineata var. minor; renames Laackmann's (1909, pi. 50, fig. 12) amphora var. dadayi quite correctly as a new species, laackmanni; and reduces his earlier (1905) dadayi to a synonym of quadrilineata. Laackmann specifically states that he found at the aboral end of all loricpe of his var. brasiliensis a biconvex or plano-convex structure caused by a parting of the inner and outer laminre of the region re- garded by us as the truncated tip, as shown in his figure (1909, pi. 50, fig. 12). We have not seen this, no one else has figured it, and it may be only a misinterpretation of the slight obliquity of this region, which does sometimes occur. This so-called structure is probably only the outline of the obliquely viewed truncated aboral end. The synonymy of this perplexing situation is largely included in the preceding historical discussion. The genera to which some of the species belong which were included in Amphorella by Jorgensen (1924) are Amphorellopsis, Canthariella, Craterella, Dadayiella, Ormosella, and Steenstrupiella (see K. and C, 1929, p. 307). This confusion oc- curs because he did not use the truncated aboral end as a generic character. Amphorella belongs in the subfamily Tintinninse differing from the Salpingellinse in the presence of the closed aboral end, and from the Stelidiellinse in the absence of a very well developed nuchal groove or a suboral ledge. The genus is one of the less specialized ones in the Tintinnidse, being of relatively small size and lacking marked differen- tiation in the anterior end. Its only highly specialized features are the longitudinal fins and the truncate aboral end. It offers a starting point for the evolution of Amphorellopsis and Odontophorella by the con- traction of the aboral end to a point, and of Albatrossiella and Daday- iella by the elongation of the aboral end in a horn and by the suppres- sion of fins or their reduction to strise. Includes 6 species : — quadrilineata, the type species, since it is the oldest in the genus and has page priority; and amphora, calida, in- fundibulum, laackmanni, and minor. 330 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Amphorella amphora (Claparede and Lachmann) Daday Plate 28, fig. 20 Tintinnus amphora Claparede and Lachmann, 1858, p. 199, pi. 8, fig. 3; Kent, 1882, p. 606, pi. 31, fig. 12; Butschli, 1889, pp. 1734-1735, pi. 70, fig. 4; Delage and Herouard, 1896, p. 467, fig. 793; Brandt, 1906, p. 33, pi. 69, fig. 6; 1907. pp. 433-434, 454. Amphorella quadrilineata var. brandti Jorgensen, 1924, p. 18. A. amphora, Daday, 1887a, pp. 157, 208, pi. 1, fig. 3; 1887b, pp. 534, 535, 559, pi. 18, fig. 4; K. and C, 1929, p. 309, fig. 586. A. brandti, K. and C, 1929, p. 309, fig. 588. A. quadrilineata, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 311 (for fig. 587 see A. quadrili- neata). Lorica fairly large and vase-like, with a very widely flaring, distinctly set-off collar; 2.45-2.53 (2.47) o.d. Collar a low, inverted, and truncate cone (75-80°), outwardly concave, about 0.2-0.3 o.d. in length, circular in cross section at all levels. Nuchal region 0.60-0.68 o.d. in diameter. Bowl elongated, sack-like, its greatest width (0.79-0.88 [0.82] o.d.) at posterior 0.29-0.32 t.l. ; increasing evenly and regularly in diam- eter from throat to widest level, at first as a short cone of 7-9°, and then, due to fins, a truncated pyramid with convex sides to widest level. Posterior section, 0.29-0.32 t.l., an inverted pyramid of 47-50°. Antapex squarely truncated, 0.12-0.20 o.d. in diameter; sometimes indented in its center. Fins 3, longitudinal, equidistant, low, 0.57-0.75 t.l., arising from truncated aboral end as strong ridges, becoming strire- like above middle of course, and tending to be deflected to right (3°) in oral third. Wall without trace of prismatic structure, thickened in neck region, elsewhere uniform and only half as thick. Animal rather small, with 2 oval macronuclei. Three loricse: L., total, 103-119; fins, 65-85. D., oral, 42-47; neck, 25-32; bowl, 36-40 /x. See A. quadrilineata for earlier history. Kent's figure (1S82, pi. 31, fig. 12) is a copy of Claparede and Lachmann's. We (1929, p. 309) in- cluded Biitschli's figure (1889, pi. 70, fig. 4), called Tintinnus amphora, along with its reproduction by Delage and Herouard (1896, fig. 793), in synonymy of A. amphora. By an oversight in proof-reading, a para- graph commenting on the presence of secondary structure in Biitschli's lorica, on which he based a fanciful relation of Tintinnus to Cyttaro- cylis, was transferred from the text of A. amphora to that of A. brandti. Since no one has ever rediscovered such a lorica, Biitschli's figure may KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 331 be regarded as merely an aberrant A. amphora, pending an opportunity for further investigation. At 4 stations, in Drift; at 73-81 (77.9)°; 4 loricse. Type locality off Glesmesholm, near Sartoroe, Norway (Claparede and Lachmann, 1858, pi. 8, fig. 3), where it may be an invader with Gulf Stream water. Amphorella minor Jorgensen A. quadrilineata, Hofker, 1931b, pp. 384-385, fig. 80. Lorica short, asymmetrically vase-shaped, with very widely flaring, abruptly set-off collar, and little local nuchal constriction; 1.7-3.3 (2.4) o.d. Collar a low, inverted, truncated cone of 40-70°, outwardly con- vex above, becoming slightly concave below, circular in cross section at all levels, 0.2-0.3 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.60-0.65 o.d. Bowl creased bag-shaped, with its greatest width (0.71-0.95 [0.85] o.d.) in posterior 0.2-0.3 t.l., increasing in diameter from distinct throat to this level, first as a convex cone of 10-15° and then pyramidal posteri- orly. Posterior bowl 0.2-0.3 t.l.,arounded truncated pyramid of 45-62°. Antapex squarely truncated and 0.1-0.2 o.d. in width. Fins 4, low, longitudinal, leiotropic, with turn up to 0.5 o.d., or rarely slightly dexiotropic, equidistant, 0.6 or more t.l., arising from truncated aboral end as ridges which quickly become decurrent, line-like strife above. Wall nearly transparent, thickening from oral rim to maximum thick- ness in nuchal region, much thinner in bowl. Animal with 2 or 4 small ovoidal or spherical macronuclei, 7.5 by 10/x; rather large, occupying 0.5 of lorica. Six loricse: L., total, 75-130 (102.8). D., oral, 30-56 (42.6) ; greatest, 27-42 (36.2) p. At 7 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 2, respectively, in California, Mexican and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 73-84 (79.1)°; 11 loricte. Amphorella uuadrilineata (Claparede and Lachmann) Daday Plate 28, figs. 17-18 A. quadrilineata, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 311, fig. 587 (see also A. amphora). Lorica slender vase-shaped; 2.1-3.4 (2.9) o.d. Collar a truncated, inverted cone of 35-40°, with some exceptional figures in which it is as much as 78°, probably due to flattening, 0.2-0.5 o.d. in length, sides slightly concave outwardly. Nuchal diameter 0.60-0.74 o.d. Bowl 332 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology creased bag-shaped, set off from collar by marked concave nuchal con- striction in most individuals or views, but not sharply localized when angles affect outline; inflated to 0.76-1.05 (0.84) o.d. at middle, or at varying levels anterior or posterior to this, but never beyond 0.3 t.l. from middle. Anterior bowl circular in cross section. Lower bowl be- coming convex pyramidal by reason of 3 fins, contracting evenly and regularly below level of greatest width to squarely truncated antapex, forming truncated inverted pyramid, the convex sides of which are 3-15°, contracting distally to 30-60°. Antapex squarely truncate, in aboral view subtriangular, with outwardly concave sides between 3 projecting angles, 0.18-0.22 o.d. in width. Daday (1887b, pi. 18, fig. 5) figures it as simply rounded, probably in error. Fins 3, elevated, sub- equidistant, posteriorly located, longitudinal, anteriorly decurrent, 0.5-0.8 t.l., sometimes either slightly dextrotropic or leiotropic in distal 0.3. Wall thickest in nuchal region, but not uniform in all radii; elsewhere very much thinner. Outline frequently deformed posteriorly by reason of weak wall, which also allows much flattening under cover- glass. Lumen of bowl enters narrowly into vertical angles. Animal (figured by Faure-Fremiet, 1924, fig. 36) with oblique peristome, 18 membranelles without intercalary tentaculoids, peristomal margin with deeply incised lobes ; 7-8 longitudinal rows of short somatic cilia ; body elongated but when fully extended not reaching far out of lorica ; with a short peduncle attached to side of lorica close to aboral end. Daday (1887b) reported 4 macronuclei. In our material there are 2 or 4 oval macronuclei, each 7.5 by 10ju. One of us (Campbell) has repeat- edly found 7-8 oval or irrregular nuclei of similar dimensions in non- dividing material from La Jolla, California. These possibly represent approaching endomixis, since no new peristomal anlage was present in cytosome. Twenty-five loricte: L., total, 111-187 (128.8). D., oral, 39-60 (44.3); expansion, 37-51 (46.7) m- A full account of the nomenclatural confusions which have resulted from Claparede and Lachmann's (1858) original error in overlooking the fins on T. amphora, and from opinions among authors as to the status of the two species, will be found in Brandt (1907), Laackmann (1909), Jorgensen (1924), and in our discussion of the genus Amphor- ella, and of A. amphora. At 70 stations, viz., at 5, 6, 12, 1, 1, 11, 3, 2, and 29, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial and North Equa- torial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift; at 66-84 (75)°; 839 lories. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 333 39. AMPHORELLOPSIS Kofoid and Campbell Tintinninse with Iorica with low, bowl-shaped, flaring collar; fusiform bowl; sharply pointed aboral end; 3-6 vertical, or slightly spiral, longitudinal fins extending from aboral end anteriorly for from 0.25 to nearly entire length of Iorica; wall hyaline, structureless (except in A. acuta); marine. Type species Amphorellopsis acuta (Schmidt) K. and C. from the Gulf of Siam. Resembles Amphorella in general form, but differs strikingly in hav- ing an acute or very narrowly blunt antapex instead of a truncated one, and in being proportionately narrower. Resembles Odontopho- rella in form, but lacks a toothed oral margin and recurved hooks on fins of the latter. Collar resembles that of Steenstrupiella, Albatros- siella, and Salpingella. Established by us (1929) from species previously assigned either to Amphorella because of general form and closed tip, or to Tintinnus be- cause of homogeneous structure regardless of form. Species thus assigned were acuta (Schmidt, 1901) and tetragona (Jorgensen, 1924). Contains 7 species, of which 5, quadrangula, acantharus, tropica, turbinea, and Icevis, previously described (1929) by us, are new, and, with one other, acuta, present in Expedition material. The 7 form a series, including tropica, acantharus, turbinea, quadrangula, laevis, tetragona, and acuta. Amphorellopsis acantharus Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 8 Lorica small, stout tack-shaped, tapering aborally, slightly convex conical without median expansion, with conical aboral end; 2.5 o.d. Collar disproportionately large, forming a segment of a truncated, slightly convex cone of 80°, widely flaring, low bowl-shaped, 0.14 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.6 o.d. Bowl 0.86 t.l., subcylindrical in anterior 0.5; 0.6 o.d. in diameter, contracting gradually posteriorly without distinct shoulder to antapex, distally a slightly convex inverted cone of 32°, with narrowly truncated tip, possibly broken in our specimen. Fins 6, low, vertical, longitudinal, equidistant, extending 0.3 t.l. anteriorly from tip. Wall with Amphorella-like thickening in collar above nuchal region, thinning down to oral rim. Prismatic structure not demon- strated. L., total, 67; bowl, 57. D., oral, 27; midway, 16/z. At Sta. 4655; at 65°; 1 lorica. 334 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Amphorellopsis acuta (Schmidt) Kofoid and Campbell Non Dadayiella acuta, K. and C, 1929, p. 320, fig. 609 (see Dadayiella acuti- formis) . Lorica relatively large, a truncated spindle with an anterior, flaring, trumpet-shaped collar; 2.93-3.77 (3.35) o.d. Oral margin thinning abruptly to sharp edge. Collar 0.09 t.l., with outwardly convex sides, a segment of an inverted truncate cone of 62-65°. Nuchal diameter 0.66 o.d. Bowl elongated, 0.91 t.l., with moderately convex sides in- creasing posteriorly to 0.7 o.d. a little below middle. Upper bowl a truncated cone of 5° in our lorica, but 12° in Schmidt's (1901). Bowl circular in transection anteriorly and triangular posteriorly. Aboral end a pyramid of 40°, with slightly convex sides, contracting evenly to pointed antapex. Fins forming 3 vertical, equidistant angles 0.55- 0.71 (0.61) t.l., making the vertical margins of 3 facets of pyramidal aboral region. Wall, with greenish cast, thicker in throat, thinning out in bowl above antapex and in angles. Two lorica?: L., total, 150-155. D., oral, 41-57; midway, 23-25 n. Loriese from Sta.4627 at surface temperatureof 81° larger (150-1 55 ju) than Schmidt's (1901) from Gulf of Siam (91-98/x) and Brandt's (1907) (1 15-150 n), suggesting a temperature relationship. Described by Schmidt (1901) from the coast of Siam as Amphorella acuta. Brandt (1907) assigned it to Tintinnus. Jorgensen (1924, pp. 17, 22) used the name acuta in his Amphorella ganymedes f. acuta. By an extension of Article 11 of the Code of Nomenclature to apply to names of forms as well as to those of subspecies, Jorgensen's name acuta becomes a homonym of acuta Schmidt, and was therefore not available in Amphorella for his new form. Neither could it be utilized as a species name in Dadayiella when we (1929) transferred Jorgen- sen's (1924) forma acuta to Dadayiella and raised it to specific rank. At Sta. 4627 in Panamic Area; at 81°; 1 lorica. Amphorellopsis l.evis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, figs. 3, 4 Lorica tall, slender vase-shaped; 3.23-4.20 (3.37) o.d. Collar short, funnel-shaped, 0.21 t.l., a segment of an inverted cone of 32°, with sides slightly concave outwardly, especially above anteriorly, but becoming angular below. Nuchal diameter 0.8 o.d., circular in cross section. Bowl truncated fusiform, 0.79 t.l., with greatest diameter (1.1-1.2 o.d.) midway of length ; with sides outwardly symmetrically convex. Upper KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 335 bowl a segment of a convex cone of 18°. Lower bowl convex subcorneal, contracting to an inverted cone of 60° near acute antapex. Lengths of two cones subequal. Bowl pentagonal in cross section, due to 5 sub- equal, equidistant, thin, blade-like fins extending from near oral mar- gin to antapex, meeting in aboral point, 0.98 t.l., widest near middle of lorica; formed by folds decreasing in thickness outwardly to a thin, solid blade, with maximum elevation at middle of 0.5 of radius, becom- ing decurrent distally both above and below this level. Wall homo- geneous, thickest near oral margin and progressively thinner poste- riorly. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, each 5 by 7/x. Cytosome large, 70^ hi length, even when contracted. Three loricje: L., total, 77-125 (101.0); fins, 87-115 (102.3); bowl, 76-105 (90.3); collar, 10-23 (14.0). D., oral, 22-39 (30.0); midway, 26-29 (28.7) M. At 4 stations, viz., at 1, 2, and 1, respectively, in California Current, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 71-80 (76.5)°; 4 lorica?. Amphorellopsis quadrangula Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 15 Lorica minute, subcylindrical, tube-shaped; 3.67 o.d. Oral rim in- curved. Collar very low, flaring abruptly, with convex sides, a seg- ment of an inverted truncated cone of 34°, 0.07 t.l. Bowl 0.92 t.l., subcylindrical and straight-sided in anterior 0.75, tapering 3^4°; posteriorly a convex cone of 25°, increasing to 45° near antapex. Aboral end with a cylindrical projection 0.05 o.d. in length, and blunt tip. Fins 4, subequal, subequidistant, wide, blade-like, with slight leiotropic spiral of 6°, 0.9 t.l., with peripheral margins very convex, widest (0.31 o.d.) 0.25 of their length from antapex, and decurrent at both ends. Wall thickest in collar, thinner in bowl. Animal with 2 large oval macronuclei, each 7 by 9/i. L., total, 81. D., oral, 22; bowl, 20^. At Sta. 4737, in Drift; at 81.5°; 1 lorica. Amphorellopsis tropica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 9 Lorica minute, subcylindrical, slender chalice-shaped; 3.26 o.d. Collar reduced almost to extinction, flaring only slightly from bowl, a segment of an inverted cone of 13°, with barely concave sides; 0.12 t.l. 336 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Nuchal diameter 0.9 o.d. Bowl truncate fusiform; its anterior 0.5 a truncated cone of 5°; posteriorly an inverted, blunt-pointed, slightly convex cone of 23°, increasing to 40° aborally; with greatest diameter slightly below middle, equaling oral diameter. Fins 4, blade4ike, vertical, subequal, equidistant, longitudinal, decurrent at both ends and without spiral deflection, arising at antapex and reaching greatest width (0.3 o.d.) at 0.4 of their length above antapex. Wall very hyaline, with a greenish cast, uniform in thickness. Animal with 2 ovoidal macronuclei, each 6 by 9/x. L., total, 85. D., oral, 26; midway, 23 /x. At Sta. 4740, in Drift; at 81°; 3 lorica?. Amphorellopsis turbinea Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 6 Lorica elongate-ovoidal or tall top-shaped, with deep nuchal con- striction obscured by wide fins; 3.59 o.d. Oral margin sinuous, with 3 equidistant, low, rounded elevations at upper ends of 3 fins, with in- terdental regions upwardly concave and suboral wall incurved, recall- ing the similar margin characteristic of Salpingacantha. Collar low, outwardly convex, bowl-shaped; 0.12 t.l.; swollen above middle in suboral bulge of 1.2 o.d., with flat sides sloping 20° inwardly above toward axis, below bulge a segment of an inverted cone of 30°. Bowl elongate ovoidal, 0.88 t.l., with greatest diameter (1.83 o.d. including fins) midway. Upper bowl a segment of a cone of 23° ; the lower, con- vex, an inverted cone contracting to 110° at aboral end. Aboral tip with tiny, acute spinule 0.08 o.d. in length. Fins 3, vertical, equidis- tant, very broad, and subequal, extending anteriorly from just above antapex, to become decurrent on swollen suboral bulge of collar. Wall non-prismatic, thickest in collar, thinning to half this in bowl. Animal seen with 4 (2 in division?) globular macronuclei, each 10ju in diameter, grouped in two pairs, one anterior, the other posterior. There are many large vacuoles. L., total, 68. D., oral, 19; bulge, 22; bowl, 32M- At Sta. 4724, in Drift; at 79°; 1 lorica. 40. ODONTOPHORELLA Kofoid and Campbell Tintinninse with lorica amphora-shaped, 3.37-4.91 o.d. in length; oral rim toothed ; collar Amphorellopsis-like, flaring, set off from bowl by a nuchal constriction; bowl truncate fusiform in shape; 5 sub- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 337 vertical fins, each with marginal spines; antapex pointed, tip closed; length 125-1 53 /u; marine. A single species, Odontophorella serrulata K. and C, is the only known species of this unique genus, and is its type species. Type locality Sta. 4721 in Drift. This genus most closely resembles Amphorellopsis, with which it has in common amphora-shaped lorica, short, flaring, low, bowl-shaped collar, and subvertical fins. The strongly developed secondary struc- ture of the wall occurs also in Epicranella prismatica. In neither of these cases is this structural feature found elsewhere in any of the nearest relatives, but only in distantly separated families. Odontophorella serrulata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, figs. 7, 10, 19 Lorica amphora-shaped; 3.37-4.91 (3.91) o.d. Oral margin with 18 low, angular, and upwardly directed teeth. Collar distinctly set off, 0.25 o.d. in length; flaring, low, bowl-shaped, forming a segment of an outwardly convex, truncated inverted cone of 55°, with a slight suboral bulge. Nuchal region distinctly constricted, 0.75-0.80 o.d. Bowl elon- gated, truncated fusiform in contour; 0.88-0.93 (0.92) t.l., or 3.25 o.d. in length; 0.91-1.20 (0.93) o.d. in diameter midway of its length, and 1.0 -1.2 o.d. in diameter at its widest level at 0.60-0.65 t.l. from oral margin. Upper bowl a segment of a truncated cone of 7°, 2 o.d. in length. Lower cone with outline of nose of a bullet, or a convex cone increasing to 60° near antapex. Bowl circular in cross section in anterior half, as is also the collar, but pentagonal posteriorly. Fins 5, thin, equidistant, sub- equal, extending from pointed antapex anteriorly for 0.9 t.l. above, widest (0.03-0.05 their length) at 0.30-0.35 their length from antapex near level of greatest diameter of bowl ; decurrent above and below with an anterior dexiotropic deflection of 5°. There are 3-13 (9.6) short, tapering, aborally recurved marginal spines, located on outer edges of fins near level of greatest diameter of bowl, extending not more than 0.12 t.l. above and below that level, giving a very characteristic appear- ance to lorica. Wall with somewhat greenish cast; thickest at nuchal constriction, thinner above, and uniformly thin below. An irregular polygonal meshwork of secondary prismatic structure prominently displayed in wall (Plate 28, fig. 10). Meshes 5-10 between fins, in single layer with longest diameters 4-1 5 /*. Primary prisms not dis- tinguished within meshes of secondary reticulum. Animal with 2 large 338 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology oval or spheroidal macronuclei, each 6 by 10/t or 8 by 8/z, one diagonally above the other in upper 0.3 of cytosome. Four loricfe: L., total, 128-153 (137.6); fins, 120-142 (126.6). D., oral, 26^5 (35.6) ; midway, 27-40 (33.0)/*. Lorica; from Sta. 4721 at surface temperature of 75° are distinctly smaller (128-135/x) than those (144-153 /x) from cooler (69°) stations. At 3 stations in Drift; at 69-79 (74)°; 6 loricse. 41. ALBATROSSIELLA Kofoid and Campbell Tintinninse with minute and greatly elongated lorica, 5.95-6.50 o.d. in length; collar low, funnel-shaped, an inverted truncated cone; bowl subcylindrical, contracting posteriorly in a short aboral cone to a very long, slender, aciculate aboral spine, 0.6-0.7 t.l.; no fins, strise, or facets; wall hyaline, homogeneous; marine. Type species Albatrossiella filigera (Laackmann) K. and C. from South Equatorial Current of Atlantic. An aboral spine of the proportionate length (0.6-0.7 t.l. or 6 o.d.) recorded in Albatrossiella is not found in any other Tintinnoinea. The flaring collar of the two best known species of the genus recalls that of Canthariella, Odontophorella, and Steenstrupiella, where the flare is also of generic value, but is only specific in Amphorellopsis. The lorica is not striated or faceted, as in Amphorellopsis and Dadayiella, and lacks the fins of Odontophorella, Amphorella, and Amphorellopsis. Established by us (1929) to include three species, filigera (Laack- mann), previously assigned to Undella, and minutissima (Meunier) previously assigned to Amphorella, and one new species from the collec- tions of the Expedition, agassizi. We take pleasure in designating this genus after the United States Bureau of Fisheries S.S. "Albatross", whose services for many years, from August 19, 1882 to October 29, 1921 in the exploration of the sea, in this and other Expeditions, have contributed greatly to our scientific knowledge of the oceanic marine fauna, and especially of the oceanog- raphy and biology of the Pacific. Much uncertainty attaches to the status of A. minutissima (Meunier) K. and C. It is exceedingly minute, perhaps the smallest species in the Tintinnoinea. It may not even belong to the Tintinnoinea, but be only a fragment of some other organism, such as a pelagic crustacean. We have given its characters no weight in our treatment of the genus. The similarity between loricse of species of this genus in elongation KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 339 of aboral horn to P rotor habdondla mira and Rhabdonclla chili ensis is noteworthy; in both longitudinal striae characteristic of the Rhabdonel- lida? are found along with the elongated horn of Albatrossiella, but such elongation does not occur in the other species of genera to which they belong, and Albatrossiella lacks stripe. Albatrossiella agassizi Kofoid and Campbell Plate 29, fig. 11 Lorica greatly elongated, slender goblet-shaped; 5.95 o.d., with very long, very slender aboral spine. Collar funnel-shaped, with slightly con- vex sides, a segment of a low, inverted, truncated cone of 50°; 0.33 o.d., or 0.06 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.66 o.d., but nuchal area not separated from bowl by shoulder. Bowl shaped like a short test tube, forming but a small part (0.37 or 2.4 o.d.) of t.l. Upper bowl a truncated cone of 6°, 0.66 of bowl in length, with greatest diameter (0.7 o.d.) in lower third. Lower bowl quickly contracting to an inverted convex cone increasing to 50° in lowermost portion. Aboral spine very long, 4 o.d., or 0.6 t.l., aciculate and very deformable; its posterior extremity bent in our specimen. Its uppermost 0.12 a segment of a truncated inverted cone of 15°, below for 0.63 its length a cylinder 0.08 o.d. in diameter. Its distal 0.24 a slender cone of less than 5°. Aboral end closed, needle- shaped. Wall uniform in thickness. Lumen enters long aboral spine. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, each 8 by 15ju, and a single [?] spheri- cal micronucleus. L., total, 119; collar, 7; bowl, 44; spine, 68. D., oral, 20; nuchal, 12; bowl, 14; spine, 1.5;ii. At Sta. 4742, in South Equatorial Current; at 77°; 1 lorica. 42. DADAYIELLA Kofoid and Campbell Bursaopsis, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 303-305 (see also Tintinnus and Pro- am phorella) . Tintinninse with a tall goblet-shaped lorica; oral rim crenulate- angled ; collar set off by slight nuchal constriction, if at all, flaring but little except in D. pachytoecus; bowl campanulate, with little if any inflation, contracting to an inverted conical or ovoidal aboral end; pedicel distinctly set off, not exceeding oral diameter in length, nar- rowly conical or subcylindrical ; aboral end acute, blunt, with or with- out distal bulbous enlargement; wall thin, structureless except in 340 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology thickened wall of pedicel; vertical ribs in collar, also on pedicel in some species, and on bowl in a few species, giving rise to intercostal facets; marine. Type species Dadayiella ganymedes (Entz, Sr.) K. and C, a cosmopolitan oceanic species, the first described of this strikingly unique genus. Some characters in the ensemble which distinguish Dadayiella from other Tintinnidse occur singly in other genera. The faceted collar is found in Salpingacantha, but is less developed there and follows its own line of higher differentiation. A faceted bowl is found in all species of Ormosella. Surface fins characterize the posterior end of Salpingella, but are longer and wider than those of Dadayiella; they occur also in Albatrossiella, and some species of Ormosella. Vertical ribs and facets occur in Bursaopsis, Canthariella, Ormosella, and Steenstrupiella. These ribs are homologous with the fins of Amphorella, Amphorellopsis, and Odontophorella. The development of the knob in the lower end of the pedicel with an aboral spine below it does not occur elsewhere in the Tintinnidse, though prevalent in the Xystonelli- dse and in Rhabdonellopsis. The expansion of the tip of the aboral end in a feebly developed knob without a spine below is seen among the Salpingellina? in Daturella and in one species only of Salpingella, S. alafa. Established by us (1929) for species formerly included in Tintinnus and Amphorella, which have a ribbed collar, no distinct nuchal angle, and a distinct pedicel. The first species described was Tintinnus ganymedes (Entz, Sr., 1884, p. 409, pi. 24, figs. 17-18), later transferred by Daday (1887b) to Amphorella. Brandt (1906, 1907) returned ganymedes to Tintinnus and described bulbosa as T. bulbosus with a var. a. We separated D. bulbosa (Brandt), as does Brandt, (1907), from D. ganymedes, and do not unite them as does Jorgensen (1924). We include in D. bulbosa all elongated lorica? lacking the tapering pedicel which characterizes D. ganymedes, and which exhibits more or less development of a bulbous enlargement without lateral spikes. We include the unfigured Am- phorella ganymedes var. eylindrica Daday (1887b) in D. ganymedes and not in D. bulbosa, as did Brandt. We treat as one species, namely, D. curia, a group of shorter loricre of markedly different proportions but containing both bulbous and tapering pedicels, not separating these forms as species for lack of adequate material to show the range of variations. We separate also as a distinct species, namely, D. jorgen- seni, a lorica with a laterally spiked bulb. The lorica from Naples described by Brandt (1907) in T. bulbosa var. a we regard with Brandt KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 341 as an anteriorly incomplete lorica. The presence or absence of a terminal spinule in D. bulbosa is not, in the light of the known varia- tions in that species, a valid systematic distinction. Amphorella pachytoecus (Jorgensen, 1924, p. 21, fig. 20) belongs to this genus near D. cuspis by reason of its oral striation and facets. This species, with ribs running nearly to the anterior end of the bowl, connects up the aberrant D. cuspis with ribs and facets running lengthwise over the whole lorica, and thus completes an orthogenetic development of the ribs in Dadayiella. Contains 8 species, of which 5 are present in Expedition material; of these 5, 3 are new and 2 are present in Expedition material. Sub- divided into 2 series: the ganymedes series, including ganymedes, pachytoecus, and cuspis; and the bulbosa series, including acutiformis, curta, bulbosa, and jorgenseni. Dadayiella acutiformis nom. spec. nov. Plate 29, fig. 4 D. acuta, K. and C, 1929, p. 320, fig. 609. Non Amphorellopsis acuta, K. and C, 1929, p. 315, fig. 598. Lorica tall, slender goblet-shaped, with a distinct pedicel; 2.60-3.49 (3.04) o.d. Collar set off from bowl by slight flare and limits of ribs, which in some lorica? extend beyond nuchal constriction for short distance on bowl; faceted with 8 or 16 equal and outwardly concave facets supported by intervening ribs. Facets arising 0.16-0.30 t.l. below oral rim, less well developed posteriorly. Collar a truncated seg- ment of a concave cone of 8-15°, rarelv 20°. Nuchal diameter 0.9 o.d. Bowl inverted campanulate, 0.63-0.71 t.l., circular in cross section except in faceted anterior part, with greatest diameter (0.98-1.00 o.d.) a little above middle of total length. Upper bowl subcylindrical, 0.5 length of bowl in length. Lower bowl shaped like nose of a bullet posteriorly, tapering as a convex cone, increasing to 60° aborally, passing abruptly into pedicel. Pedicel cylindrical above or conical (10°), 0.13-0.17 t.l., with 8 very low ribs on surface of upper end. Aboral end abruptly acute. Tip a short inverted cone of 50-90°. Upper end of terminal cone sometimes slightly enlarged. Wall with greenish tinge, very thin, uniform in thickness. Cavity penetrating nearly to tip of closed pedicel. Animal exceptionally large, completely filling lorica, attached at one side of lower end of bowl. Ten loricse: L., total, 82-103 (89.0); collar, 12-16 (13.6); bowl, 342 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 52-74 (62.2); pedicel, 11-15 (13.0). D., oral, 25-30 (27.6); bowl, 25-29 (27.7) m. Described by Jorgensen (1924, pp. 17, 22, fig. 22d) as Amphorella ganymedes var. a tenuicauda forma acuta. Its form is distinctive and not, in our material, intergraded with that of D. ganymedes. We (1929, p. 320) gave it specific status in Dadayiella. The name tenui- cauda is therefore placed in the synonymy of ganymedes. Confusion arises from the fact that Jorgensen divided the species Amphorella ganymedes into two varieties, var. a tenuicauda and var. bulbosa, and did not apply the name ganymedes ganymedes to either of them. The former is, therefore, synonymous with D. ganymedes. His forma obtusa we also refer to D. ganymedes. The forma acuta of Jorgensen's Am- phorella ganymedes var. a tenuicauda is clearly a different species. It requires, however, a new name, since Schmidt (1901, pp. 184, 185, fig. 2a-c) had already applied the name Amphorella acuta to a very different species which we (1929, p. 315) assigned to Amphorellopsis. The first of these names, acuta, therefore, according to Article 35 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, belongs to Amphorellopsis acuta, and the present species, which we (1929) called D. acuta, therefore requires a new name. This we now designate as Dadayiella acutiformis nom. sp. nov. At 26 stations, viz., at 1, 4, 16, 1, and 4, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, and South Equatorial currents, and Panamic Area; at 66-84 (72.4)°; 274 loricse. Dadayiella bulbosa (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 29, fig. 2 Tintinnus bulbosus, var. a Brandt, 1906, p. 33, pi. 70, fig. 3; 1907, pp. 413, 456. Amphorella ganymedes, Hofker, 1931b, p. 384, fig. 79. Lorica tall, very slender goblet-shaped; 3.52-3.62 (3.60) o.d. By comparison with other species the short, striate, faceted, slightly flaring anterior region is called a collar. Collar a segment of a trun- cated, slightly concave, inverted cone of not over 6°, 0.75 o.d. in length ; with its surface divided into 18 flat, subequal, vertical facets by as many rod-like ribs, which may or may not project slightly above oral rim. Ribs arising 0.12-0.15 t.l. below rim, thickest midway. Nuchal diameter 0.95-0.98 o.d. Bowl inverted, elongated, campanulate; slightly expanded, with greatest diameter (about 0.98 o.d.) at 0.3-0.4 t.l. below oral rim. Lower bowl contracting as a convex, inverted cone of 30-37°, 2 o.d. in length. Pedicel 0.22-0.30 (0.24) t.l., inverted coni- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 343 cal (10°) anteriorly but expanding into a bulbous or ellipsoidal knob 0.5 length of pedicel above tip and 0.3 of its length in diameter. Fins (Plate 29, fig. 2) on surface of pedicel, on or above knob, 8 (4) low, vertical, or very slightly dexiotropic, extending up to bowl. Wall uniformly hyaline, without evidence of structural lamellae in upper part. Fine primary prisms strongly developed in pedicel in 3-4 layers, especially near bowl, and again in knob. Wall uniform in thickness in bowl, much thinner in collar. Pedicel with cavity continuing to or beyond knob. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, each 5 by 10/x, 18 membranelles, and as many tentaculoids (Daday, 1887b, p. 539). Ten lories: L., total, 80-121 (92.4); bowl, 60-87 (70.1); pedicel, 18-34 (23.1). D., oral, 24-27 (25.5); bowl, 24-28 (25.8); posterior ex- pansion, 5-8 (6.4) (j.. We allocate to this species one of Jorgensen's loricre (1924, pp. 17, 22, 23, fig. 22b) of Amphorella ganymedes var. bullosa. We also include in our assignment to D. bulbosa Brandt's Tintinnns bulbosa var. a (Brandt, pi. 70, fig. 3). At 23 stations, viz., at 1, 3, 12, 4, 1, and 2, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 67-83 (68.3)°; 825 loricte. Dadayiella curta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 29, figs. 3, 6 Lorica small and short, stout, goblet-shaped; 2.56-2.58 (2.57) o.d. Oral rim crenulated between ribs. Collar not set off from bowl by nuchal constriction, differentiated only by ribs forming lateral margins of facets, cylindrical or flaring in an inverted slightly concave trun- cated cone not over 5°. Facets 14-18, well defined, slightly concave in cross section, subequal, rectangular, 0.24-0.30 t.l., better differen- tiated orally, fading out gradually on surface of bowl. Bowl stout, campanulate, circular in cross section; flaring below collar in a segment of a truncated cone of 6-10° to widest level midway of length of bowl. Lower bowl contracting below in a very convex cone of 80-90° dis- tally. Pedicel 0.25-0.30 t.l., elongated, narrowly conical (5°), 0.2-0.3 its length in diameter at its base; in some lorica? attenuated and with- out subterminal bulb. Aboral tip acute, sometimes with a slight bulbous swelling above (Plate 29, fig. 6). Aboral fins 8 (4), low, sub- vertical, extending up to and even on base of bowl. Because of in- adequate material we allocate forms with and without a bulb together as one species. They may, however, form a series of dwarf species with 344 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology and without swollen pedicels, like the D. bullosa and the D. ganymedes series, and parallel to them. Wall hyaline, homogeneous, of greenish cast, uniform in thickness in bowl and much thinner in collar, lamellae not demonstrated. Cavity of bowl enters pedicel penetrating nearly to its tip. Three loricse: L., total, 64-68 (66.0); collar, 9-11 (10.0); pedicel, 11-17 (14.0). D., oral, 25-27 (26.0); bowl, 26-27 (26.5) m- At 4 stations, 1 each in California and Mexican currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 72-84 (78.6)°; 4 lories. Dadayiella cuspis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 29, fig. 5 Lorica small, a tall, slender fluted goblet with gently flaring collar sloping gradually into subcylindrical bowl, and this in turn into conical pedicel; 2.91-3.10 (2.93) o.d. Collar distinguished from bowl by gradual change in slope from scarcely defined nuchal region; an in- verted, truncated cone of 30-50°, 0.10-0.16 (0.14) t.l., with concave sides. Upper bowl subcylindrical, 0.5 length of bowl in length, with greatest diameter (about 0.8 o.d.) at throat. Lower bowl an inverted cone of 40°, increasing to 55° at aboral end. Pedicel inverted conical (20°), 0.12-0.18 t.l., and with pointed tip. Facets on sides of bowl, originating faintly near oral rim and continuing subregularly and indistinctly evenly to base of pedicel; flat, with 14 thickened edges, or ribs, acting as more rigid supports and giving 14-sided cross section to bowl. ^Yall hyaline, homogeneous, with greenish cast; uniform in thickness on bowl, slightly thicker in collar, thinning near pedicel; lamellse not distinguished. Four loricte: L., total, 67-93 (80.0) ; collar, 7-13 (11.0); bowl, 52-64 (58.0); pedicel, 8-18 (11.0). D., oral, 23-30 (27.3); nuchal, 17-19 (18.0); bowl, 15-18 (16.7) /x- At 4 stations, viz., at 1 and 3, respectively, in California Current and Drift; at 68-79 (72.5)°; 4 lorica*. Dadayiella ganymedes (Entz, Sr.) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 29, figs. 1, 7, 9, 13 Amphorella ganymedes var. cylindrica Daday, 1887b, pp. 534, 540. Cyttarocylis ganymedes, Cleve, 1899a, p. 5. Non Tintinnus bulbosus var. a Brandt, 1906, p. 33, pi. 70, fig. 3; 1907, pp. 413, 456 (see D. bulbosa). KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 345 Lorica tall, slender goblet-shaped, with more (Plate 29, fig. 1) or less (Plate 29, fig. 13) taper in lower part of bowl; 3.37-1.20 (3.77) o.d. Oral rim crenulated with 9-18 crenulations, due to intercostal facets. Collar set off from bowl by a slight nuchal constriction coinciding with lower limit of vertical ribs; flaring slightly, a segment of a concave inverted truncated cone of 8-12°; divided into 9 or 18 flat, subequal, oblong, vertical facets by vertical, equidistant, sometimes alternating, unequal ribs, the primaries more distinct than secondaries. Ribs 0.18-0.24 t.l., projecting as thin rodlets 0.2 o.d. above incomplete (?) oral rim. Bowl tall bell-shaped, circular in transection, its greatest diameter (0.98-1.10 o.d.) at or above middle of'total length. Upper bowl subcylindrical or a segment of a truncated cone of 5°. Lower bowl contracting into an inverted cone of 35-40°, the outer contour changing from concave anteriorly to convex posteriorly. Pedicel slender aciculate, forming 0.21-0.32 (0.22) t.l., 0.2-0.4 its length in diameter above, subcylindrical, with acute or blunt tip, with 8 (9) low, longitudinal, sometimes slightly dexiotropic, rib-like fins from base to tip on its surface. In some loricte (Plate 29, fig. 13) fins not developed and pedicel unusually slender, with only a trace of subterminal en- largement. This lorica is incomplete anteriorly and may represent an aberrant or depauperate lorica formed by a senescent or parasitized individual. Wall without marked lamellae, with prisms in 3-5 layers in pedicel near its origin. Wall of bowl thin, uniform in thickness at ribs, and thinner in facets. Cavity of lorica continuing nearly to end of pedicel. Ribs appear both on inside and outside of lorica, and are formed independently of, and in advance of intercostal facets. Brandt (pi. 70, fig. 2) figures this species with alternating ribs better developed. This feature also appears markedly in one of our lorica? (Plate 29, fig. 13). In the other lorica figured (Plate 29, fig. 1) only primary ribs appear. Cytosome finely granular and colorless, shaped like a trumpet. Six loricte: L., total, 88-105 (98.7); bowl, 69-80 (73.2); pedicel, 17-32 (25.5). D., oral, 25-30 (26.8); bowl, 20-24 (22.2) M. The number and development of the anterior facets (9 or 18) sug- gest a differential action of alternate membranelles in lorica building. Clearly described by Entz, Sr. (1884), who assigned it to Tintinnus; in this he was followed by Brandt (1907). Daday (1887b) and Jorgen- sen (1924) assigned it to Amphorella. Jorgensen (1924, fig. 22a) called his lorica Amphorella ganymedes var. a tenuicauda forma obtusa, but did not distinguish the typical variety or subspecies by the name given to the species as a whole. His var. a tenuicauda is a typical D. gany- medes, in close agreement with the original figure of Entz, Sr. (1884, 346 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology pi. 24, fig. 17), except for a slightly more obtuse end. Since there are intergradations between pointed and obtuse aboral ends in D. gany- medes without accompanying correlated structural changes of specific character, and since there is an abundance of wall substance in the thickened wall of the pedicel, we do not regard the evidence as suffi- cient to justify systematic recognition of obtuse and pointed apices. Hence we reduce Jorgensen's Amphorella ganymedes var. a tenuieauda forma obtusa to a synonym of D. ganymedes. We also assign to D. ganymedes Daday's (1887b, pp. 534, 540) Amphorella ganymedes var. cylindrica. The length is said to be 99 /x and the oral diameter 22 fi. Brandt (1907, p. 413) included it in his Tintinnus bulbosus var. a which we assign to D. bulbosa. There is no evidence in Daday's (1887b) account that his var. cylindrica had bulbous enlargement in the pedicel, and we therefore place it in the synonymy of D. ganymedes. At 24 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 4, 8, and 9, respectively, in California, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 66-84 (75.6)°; 43 lorica?. 43. ORMOSELLA Kofoid and Campbell Stelidiellinse with goblet-like or campanulate lorica, 2.00-3.21 o.d. in length; oral rim entire; collar distinct, excessively large, low bowl- shaped, or truncated, inverted, often outwardly convex cone; bowl short, stout, with upper part cylindrical or inverted, truncated, conical, and lower inverted conical tapering to spine; aboral spine pedicel-like, slender, inverted conical, 0.2-0.3 t.l., with simple, acute, or bluntly pointed tip; aboral end sometimes with merely a spinule; bowl and spine faceted with 7 or 12 equal, longitudinal, triangular facets; wall hyaline, structureless; marine, in warm seas. Type species Ormosella cornucopia K. and C. Tintinnus conicus was reported by Brandt (1906) as a distinctive species of his Tintinnus ganymedes cycle from the Guinea and South Atlantic Equatorial currents. Amphorella trachelium Jorgensen (1924) was from the Mediterranean and considered by him as possibly synony- mous with T. conicus. The striated surface, agglomerated bodies, and aboral spine of Ormosella trachelium obviously differ from those of Brandt's figure (pi. 67, fig. 10). All other species in this genus were described by us (1929). All species share the distinct collar, conical, faceted bowl, and aboral contraction, forming a unique, coherent group of similar generic characters. In Ormosella the collar attains the maximum development found in KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 347 the Tintinnoinea. The differentiation of collar from bowl initiated in Tintinnus bursa is carried on with increasing flare through Canthariella, Amphorella, Steenstrupiella, and Amphorellopsis, to Ormosella in which the collar attains the maximum relative size and maximum differentiation from the bowl by nuchal constriction, postmarginal overhang, and inner nuchal ledge. Longitudinal differentiations on the surface of the bowl in the form of striae in Bursaopsis, posterior strife in Canthariella seplinaria and Steenstrupiella, anterior striae in Daday- iella, and fins in Proamphorella and Amphorellopsis, are represented in Ormosella by angles separating flattened longitudinal facets. The genus Ormosella forms a connecting link between the Tintinninae and the Stelidiellinae and might with almost equal justification be placed in either subfamily. Contains 7 species, of which 6 are present in Expedition material. Subdivided into 2 series: the bresslaui series, including bresslaui, hcEckeli, trachelium, schwcycri, and apstcini, and the cornucopia series, including cornucopia and schmidti. Ormosella apsteini Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, fig. 10 Lorica very slender, much elongated goblet-shaped, with squarely spreading, flaring top; 2.38-3.21 (2.96) o.d. Collar an inverted, trun- cated cone of 30-50°, 0.1 t.l., with nearly straight sides, with external postdiameter 0.8 o.d., set off from bowl by overhanging shoulder formed by horizontal nuchal shelf, with internal diameter 0.5 o.d. Bowl elongated (2.5-3.1 o.d.), relatively very narrow; with greatest diameter (0.55 o.d.) below collar. Upper bowl 0.66 of bowl in length, cylindrical, 0.55 o.d. in diameter. Lower bowl an inverted, slightly convex cone, increasing to 35° distally, sometimes (Plate 30, fig. 5) slightly concave anteriorly and convex near middle of bowl. Facets 6, subequal, flat in section, triangular in outline, with apices contracting to meet aborally, fading out posteriorly, forming distally a long, aciculate, aboral spine, 0.2-0.3 t.l. Tip needle-shaped. Wall with greenish cast; thinning ad- orally, thickest in ledge, uniform in thickness in bowl. Cavity entering base of long aboral spine. Animal with 2 (or 4, probably prior to fission) oval macronuclei, each 8 by 12^. Five loricae: L., total, 100-136 (120.3); collar, 12-15 (13.3). D., oral, 40-44 (41.5); nuchal, 22-26 (23.7) n. At 4 stations, viz., at 1, 1, and 2, respectively, in Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 72-80 (76)°; 4 loricae. 348 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Ormosella bresslaui Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, figs. 6, 8 Lorica minute, goblet-shaped, with heavy flaring rim; 2.00-2.57 (2.23) o.d. Collar above an inverted, truncated, slightly convex cone of 28°, 0.2 t.l. Postmargin or nuchal shelf of collar 0.6-0.7 o.d., setting off collar from bowl by a slight shoulder. Bowl subcylindrical in adoral 0.40-0.58 of length, contracting aborally in an inverted concave cone of 45-52°: 1.9-2.0 o.d. in length. Facets 12, obscure, parallel, extending from nuchal level to near end of sharp-pointed aboral spine; flat, with triangular apices coalescing on tip of spine. Bowl weakly 12-sided in cross section. Pedicel a short, conical spine, 0.22 t.l., with basal diam- eter 0.33 its length, and sharp-pointed. Wall thinning adorally and uni- form in thickness in bowl, thickened at base of hollow spine. Cavity extending nearly to tip. Three lorica?: L., total, 56-85 (72.0); collar, 10-14 (12.7); bowl, 35-54 (46.3); spine, 11-17 (13.0). D., oral, 28-34 (31.7); nuchal, 18- 24 (21.7) ix. At 2 stations in Drift; at 75-79°; 2 lorica?. Ormosella cornucopia Kofoid and Campbell Lorica stout tapering campanulate; 2.30-2.57 (2.40) o.d. Collar relatively small, a short segment of a truncated, inverted, convex cone of 5-10°, 0.16 t.l. Postmargin recessed, 0.9 o.d. in diameter, and with distinctly angular internal nuchal ledge, obscured in Brandt's (1906) small sketch. Nuchal diameter 0.88 o.d. Bowl subcorneal in outline and subpyramidal in contour, 2.1-2.2 o.d. in length, with greatest diameter (0.8 o.d.) in upper 0.3 of bowl. Upper bowl 0.3 of bowl, a truncated, convex cone of 9-12°, with gradual change below. Lower bowl with outline of an inverted cone of 30°, in reality an inverted 7- sided pyramid, heptagonal in cross section. Facets 7, longitudinal, sub- equal, triangular. Aboral end acute, usually ending in a tiny spinule. Wall with greenish cast, thinning adorally, thickest in lower part of collar and angled ledge, uniform in bowl, and thickening near spinule. Animal with 1 oval macronucleus, 8 by 18,u. Other species in genus have 2 macronuclei. Ten lorica?: L., total, 120-127 (123.6); collar, 13-17 (15.3); bowl, 100-106 (102.0); tip, 4-8 (6.0). D., oral, 49-54 (51.1); below collar, 40-45 (41.7) ix. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 349 Brandt (1907) states that there are 2 strong, and 3 or 4 weak, striae on bowl of his photographed specimen. Since our material in propor- tions and size is so close to Brandt's, we conclude that because he re- ports striae only in the photograph he did not completely interpret either faceted surface or number of facets, and that his striae are bound- aries of the facets which we find. He explicitly states, however, that in specimens closely examined by himself he found no striae. Jorgensen (1924, p. 22) thinks that this species may be synonymous with his Amphorclla trachelium, but the latter has striae on the collar, coccoliths on the surface, and a differently shaped aboral region. At 17 stations, viz., at 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, and 7, respectively, in the Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 66-85 (73.1)°; 26 loricae. Ormosella h.eckeli Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, fig. 5 Lorica slender, flaring campanulate, with very wide convex collar; 2.10-2.56 (2.19) o.d. Collar low bowl-shaped, a convex, inverted, truncated cone of 50°, sharply delimited from bowl by nuchal angle but without nuchal shelf; its postmargin 0.64 o.d. in diameter and 0.10-0.13 t.l. Bowl faceted, 12-sided in cross section, subcorneal, 1.4 o.d. in length, with greatest diameter (0.6 o.d.) in nuchal region. Upper bowl 0.5 its length, an inverted truncated cone of 5°, with abrupt change to lower bowl. Lower bowl an inverted cone of 25-32°. Facets 12, subequal, longitudinal, triangular, beginning below collar, with apices meeting near aboral end of bowl. Alternate angles are somewhat more evident than intermediate ones. Aboral spine abruptly set off from lower end of bowl by slight shoulder, tapering to an acute or broadly rounded, blunt point; 0.2 t.l. Wall thickening in lower collar thickest at nuchal border in right-angled ledge, uniform in bowl, thickened at aboral tip. Cavity continuing almost to tip of spine. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, 4 by Q/jl. Seven loricae: L., total, 80-95 (87.0); collar, 13-14 (13.4); bowl, 52-74 (61.3); spine, 8-27 (13.4). D., oral, 37-44 (40.0) ; nuchal, 22-23 (22.6) ix. At 5 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 2, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 69-75 (72.5)°; 7 loricae. 350 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Ormosella schmidti Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, figs. 9, 11, 12 Lorica large, stout, conical, campanulate, with moderate collar; 2.14-2.45 (2.22) o.d. Collar a cylinder, or a truncated, inverted cone of not over 10°, 0.15 t.l., with straight sides, with lower edge rounded, overhanging bowl 0.05-0.08 o.d. Postmargin 0.95-0.98 o.d. in di- ameter. Nuchal diameter 0.83 o.d. Bowl an inverted, 7-sided, slightly convex pyramid, in one lorica (Plate 30, fig. 7) slightly swollen near base; 2.0-2.1 o.d. in length, with greatest diameter (0.90-0.95 o.d.) at top or in upper 0.2, contracting gradually posteriorly in outline of an inverted, convex cone of 16-25° in upper 0.5, increasing to 35° in lower half, completely faceted from collar to aboral tip with 7 sub- equal, triangular facets. No aboral horn. Aboral end subhemispherical in contour, with a radius of not over 0.1 o.d. One lorica (Plate 30, fig. 8) had a very minute spinule on aboral tip. Wall subuniform in thickness in collar and bowl, thickening in ledge, thinning adorally and slightly more aborally in lower bowl. Eight lorica?: L., total, 125-140 (129.1); collar, 18-22 (19.5); bowl, 105-117 (108.8). D., oral, 57-61 (58.7); nuchal, 47-51 (48.5) ». All lorica? in which facets were counted had 7, but it is possible that there are some with but 6 (see Plate 30, fig. 7). Aboral end thinner and weaker than rest of lorica, readily deformable, and sometimes in- verted into lumen of bowl. In our Conspectus (1929, p. 323) we stated that cornucopia dif- fered from this species in lack of facets. Brandt's figure (pi. 69, fig. 10) of Tintinnus conicus ( = 0. cornucopia) does not show either flattened facets or striae, but in his text (1907, p. 413) he states that there are 2 strong and 3-4 faint longitudinal stria? on main part of bowl. At 16 stations, viz., at 3, 1, 1, 1, and 10, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-79 (73.1)°; 27 lorica?. Ormosella schweyeri Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, figs. 4, 7 Lorica short, stout goblet-shaped, with disproportionately large collar and much shortened bowl; 1.75-2.50 (2.20) o.d. Collar a short, inverted, truncated cone of 27°, 0.10-0.13 t.l.; with nearly straight sides, or slightly convex, and abruptly contracting at postmargin KOFOID AND CAMPBELL". THE TINTINNOINEA 351 0.90-0.95 o.d. in diameter into a narrow, oblique nuchal ledge. Over- hang of collar beyond bowl 0.17-0.19 o.d. Bowl short, about 1 o.d. in length, conical, with greatest diameter (0.65 o.d.) at nuchal margin; contracting abruptly aborally. Upper bowl 0.64-0.73 its length, an inverted, convex, truncated cone of 17-22°. Lower bowl a shorter, inverted concave cone of 45-50°, changing gradually into long, acicu- late aboral spine, an inverted, concave cone of 8°; 0.22-0.30 t.l. Facets 7, subequal, triangular, longitudinal, contracting aborally in aboral 0.25 of bowl to form aboral spine. Tip either acute or bluntish. Wall with slightly greenish cast, thickened midway of collar and in ledge, thinning aborally in bowl. Seven lorica?: L., total, 70-113 (93.3); collar, 9-16 (12.5); bowl, 40-53 (48.0); spine, 20-50 (36.0). D., oral, 38-45 (42.3); nuchal, 24-32 (27.8) m. At 7 stations, viz., at 1 and 6, respectively, in Peruvian Current, and Drift; at 71-79 (75.3)°; 9 lorica?. 44. BRANDTIELLA Kofoid and Campbell Stelidiellinre with lorica elongated phial-shaped, 2.6-3.4 o.d. in length, and enclosed in a gelatinous mantle; suboral region of lorica proper differentiated into an inverted, conical suboral rim and a flaring, angular suboral ring; bowl about 3 o.d. in length, contracting slightly anteriorly, and expanding slightly aborally; aboral end angled, blunt; longitudinal angles most evident on lower half of bowl, usually 3 in number, sometimes bifurcating distally ; wall rather thick, minutely prismatic ; mantle hyaline, with scattered inclusions, in some loricse 1.5 diameter of bowl, continuous with lorica at oral rim, suboral ring, and antapex; marine. Type and only species Brandtiella palliata (Brandt) K. and C. Described by us (1929) for one species which Brandt (1907) had assigned to Tintinnus. Resembles Stelidiella in general form, in having collar separated into two parts, and in purse-like character of its angular aboral end. Differs from Stelidiella in having horizontal angular ring, instead of smooth or fenestrated band, in collar. Lorica has outer mantle com- posed of hyaline, delicate, flexible, gelatinous substance with imbedded coccoliths, diatoms, or other matter, unlike any other Tintinnoinea. This gelatinous sheath is found in all loricse and is a constituent part of the wall. It is not marked by coarse prismatic structure, and en- velops the remainder of the lorica as a sheath, thinning out on posterior 352 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology end. There is no evidence either in its structure or in its variations that it is adventitious. It appears in all loricse, including those with the animal. It cannot therefore be regarded as a deposit of faecal detritus from some pelagic organism which had ejected emptied loricse in its faeces. Its variations in contour indicate a. considerable delicacy in the texture of the substance of both sheath and inner wall. Brandtiella has the gelatinous sheath, wholly lacking in Ormosella, and its collar has a suboral ring lacking in Stelidiella. Brandtiella has a collar with two sections, as does Prostelidiella, but in Brandtiella they are out- wardly angular and about equal in length, instead of conical and un- equal, as in Prostelidiella. The sack-like bowl is also less like a tube and less angular aborally in Brandtiella than in Stelidiella. Brandtiella palliata (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Lorica sack-shaped, cylindrical anteriorly, with suboral rim and ring, broadly angled aboral end, and an enclosing mantle; 2.60-3.40 (3.02) o.d. Mantle broadly sack-shaped, widest (1.33-1.50 o.d.) below middle, with hemispheroidal or antapically angled aboral end, enclosing entire lorica from oral margin to aboral end, to each of which its outer film is directly attached. Oral margin thin, entire. Collar 0.15 t.L, divided into suboral rim and angular, horizontal suboral ring. Suboral rim an inverted, truncated cone of 12-25° and with length 0.2 o.d., with straight inner and outer surfaces. Suboral ring or ledge a horizontal, angular projection below rim, 1.1-1.8 o.d. in diameter, and 0.16 in length, contracting 27° anteriorly toward rim, and 35° posteriorly toward bowl; optical section an outwardly directed angular (62°) shelf projecting into mantle which is not correspondingly angled, though in some loricse rim locally distends mantle. Nuchal diameter where suboral rim meets top of suboral ring, 0.9 o.d. Bowl 0.85 t.L, a sack- like structure, constricted above middle at 0.3 t.l. from oral rim to 0.8 o.d. Upper bowl an inverted, truncated concave cone of 7-12°, its greatest diameter (1.00-1.13 o.d.) at 0.7 t.l. from oral rim. Bowl cir- cular in cross section anteriorly and flattened triangular posteriorly where it is laterally concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly on two broad opposite faces, and concave on one or, in loricse in which one angle bifurcates, on two narrower faces. Aboral end broadly rounded in outline, inflated 15-18°, increasing to 75° posteriorly, with blunt, subangular aboral region. Ridges low, 3 or 4, subvertical, decurrent, longitudinal, 0.3-0.4 t.l., inducing a slight angulation of antapical con- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 353 tour. Ridges, if 4, arranged in two pairs, a concave, narrow triangle being formed between them on two opposite narrower faces, with the apex of triangular fold directed anteriorly, the broader bases of the two triangles meeting antapically. The two broader faces of aboral end convex and their aboral ends angular. Posterior bowl quite deformable, due to softer texture and thinner wall. Wall of lorica proper hyaline, with fine prisms between inner and outer structureless lamella?; 0.03- 0.05 o.d. in thickness in upper 0.50-0.75 of collar and bowl, thickest in angles of collar, much thinner posteriorly in lower bowl. Mantle hyaline, gelatinous, with incorporated diatoms, coccoliths, and other extraneous matter, but in no case with prismatic structure. Brandt's suggestion (1907, p. 436) that some of the particles in it are crystals of sea salt we do not accept, as these inclusions do not have the form of crystals of NaCl and are not dissolved out in distilled water. Certain minute ellipsoidal bodies, if coccoliths, are of exceedingly small types. The periphery of mantle with subregular contour, with minor indica- tions of flexibility and delicacy of structure, enclosing the whole lorica, except oral opening, and thinning out over antapex. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, each 9 by 15 ix. Six lorica?: L., total, 128-152 (141.3). D., oral, 44-55 (48.3) ; suboral ridge, 49-60 (53.1) m- At 10 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, and 7, respectively, in Mexican and South Equatorial currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 72-83 (78.5)°; 12 lorica?. 45. PROSTELIDIELLA gen. nov. Stelidiella, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 326-377, fig. 624 (for figs. 625-627 see Stelidiella). Stelidiellina? with lorica without mantle; collar massive, consisting of a very short inverted suboral rim or cone and long subnuchal cone, with prefenestral and postfenestral rings of Stelidiella represented by slight shoulders; vertical mullions and fenestra? absent; nuchal con- striction slight; bowl elongated, not less than 3 times its diameter in length; angles of bowl 3 or 4, longitudinal, slightly leiotropic anteriorly; aboral end broadly angled, bluntly rounded; wall thin, hyaline, and homogeneous; marine. Type and only known species Prostelidiella phialia (K. and C.) from Sta. 4662 in Peruvian Current. We separate this genus from Stelidiella, with which we included it in our Conspectus (1929), because of simpler structure and absence of fenestra? on subnuchal cone. 354 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Prostelidiella phi alia (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 29, fig. 10 Lorica stout seabbard-shaped, with collar of short suboral cone and non-fenestrated subnuchal cone with nuchal constriction between; elongated angular bowl; 3.57 o.d. Oral margin thin, entire. Suboral rim or cone smooth, undifferentiated, 0.014 o.d. in length, a segment of an inverted, truncated cone of not over 5°. Nuchal diameter at base of suboral rim 0.98 o.d. Subnuchal cone truncated, set off from suboral rim by a rounded ledge below nuchal constriction, not by protruding suboral ring, as in Stelidiella. Nuchal cone 0.65 o.d. in length, 1.05 o.d. in diameter at oral end, and 0.8 at aboral, a segment of an inverted, truncated cone of 30°. A sharply marked ledge belowT constriction, with no ring, separating subnuchal cone from bowl. No fenestras or vertical mullions in subnuchal cone. Prefenestral and postfenestral rings of Stelidiella represented by slight shoulders at top and bottom of subnuchal cone. Bowl elongated subcylindrical, with diameter at uppermost level 0.32 its length; nearly straight-sided in outline for 3.0 o.d. from that level and rounded aborally, forming an angular (140°), blunt antapex; subcircular in cross section anteriorly, becoming 3- or 4-angled aborally. Fins 3 or 4, rib-like, at oral end, extending sublongitudinally 0.76 total length of lorica, and tending in oral 0.33 to be leiotropic at an angle of 20° anteriorly and a trifle less distally; subequal in length, subequidistant, becoming decurrent at either end ; aborally forming a narrow, decurrent fluting not meeting antapically, flutings turning at almost a right angle on antapex ; formed by folds of wall. Wall thickest in regions homologous to prefenestral and post- fenestral rings, much thinner in bowl. L., total, 300; suboral cone, 12; subnuchal cone, 40; bowl, 248. D., oral, 85; nuchal, 82; prefenestral ring, 88; bowl, 73 fx. At Sta. 4662, in Peruvian Current; at 69°; 1 lorica. 46. STELIDIELLA Kofoid and Campbell emended (?) Stellidium Graf, 1909, p. 144. Nomen nudum. Stelidiella, partim, K. and C, 1929, p. 326, figs. 625-627 (for fig. 624 see Pros- telidiella). Stelidiellinse with stout, scabbard-shaped lorica, 2.7-3.1 o.d. in length; collar massive, inflated, with latticed fenestrations, consisting of a suboral and a subnuchal cone separated by shallow nuchal con- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 355 striction and slight shoulder; bowl 4-angled; aboral end angular; wall hyaline, structureless; marine, in tropical seas. Type species Stelidiella stelidium (Biedermann), K. and C. First seen by Biedermann (1893) from the Atlantic. His specimens of S. stelidium were provided with 5-6 triangular teeth. Brandt (1907) used Biedermann's figure, both assigning the species to Tintinnus. Our abundant material from 24 stations provides evidence for the dis- tinction of the genus Stelidiella with three species and the related genus Prostelidiella with one. Graf (1909, p. 144) listed as Stelidium. Biedermanni a tintinnid with- out description, figure, or citation. It might be inferred from the names that he had in mind either the species originally figured by Bieder- mann, or was intending later to describe a new species and genus. A distinctly marked homogeneous genus related to the Tintinninse, having distinct collar, and fins homologous to striae. Differs from Prostelidiella, Ormosella, and Brandtiella in having fenestrated lattice-work on collar, and from Brandtiella also in absence of mantle. The most highly differentiated genus in the Stelidiellinse. Species of Stelidiella form a short series in degrees of oral differentia- tion. Simplex has a single series of 8 fenestras and an entire oral margin; stelidium adds a toothed oral margin; and fenestrata has a double circle of fenestras, 8 above and 4 below, but differs from stelidium in having an entire oral margin. Contains 3 species, of which 2, both new, are recorded in Expedition material. Stelidiella fenestrata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 29, figs. 8, 12 Lorica stout scabbard-shaped, with large dilated collar; 2.8-3.2 (2.9) o.d. Oral margin entire, incurved. Collar convex, much in- flated, bowl-shaped, contracting aborally to 0.5 o.d., 0.3 t.l. Suboral cone circular in cross section, 0.12 o.d. in length, a segment of an inverted, truncated cone of not over 10-16°. Nuchal angle scarcely indented. Nuchal diameter equaling oral. Subnuchal cone of two regions separated by distinct shoulder, upper 1 .8 times length of lower, which both in dimensions and structure merges gradually into upper end of bowl. Upper part of subnuchal cone a segment of an inverted, truncated, convex cone of 20-31° (26)°, 0.8 o.d. in length. Fenestra; in 2 rows instead of one, each bounded by an outer lattice on surface. Upper, horizontal, prefenestral ring 1.03 o.d. in diameter, and lower, 356 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology postfenestral, 0.8. Diameter of lower margin of second row of fenestra? 0.75 o.d. No horizontal ring differentiated at this level. Rings 0.46 o.d. apart, united by 8 longitudinal, subequidistant, subequal, vertical mullions separating 8 subquadrangular, closed fenestra3. Second row of 4 fenestra? with 4 equidistant, subequal, longitudinal, vertical mullions separating 4 subrectangular, closed fenestra?; both rings and mullions raised above surface of fenestra3. Peripheral elements of nuchal lattice triangular in optical section, with an outward, rounded angle of 60°. Bowl 0.5-0.8 o.d. in diameter and 2.0-2.8 o.d. in length; slightly expanded, widest (0.56-0.82 o.d.) at 0.4 its length from aboral end, increasing gradually from throat to widest level. Aboral region 4-sided, with 2 opposite faces becoming wider distally than intervening pair; contracting in outline below widest level within an angle of 5°, increasing to 15° distally. Aboral end rounded, obtuse-angled (135°) in wider faces ; on narrower faces contracting somewhat more rapidly and concavely recessed antapically. Fins in 2 pairs, each continuous antapically as a low fluting connecting across aboral end. Each fin rims longitudinally from antapex to second row of fenestra3, bordering two broader faces of bowl; decurrent anteriorly on the four much wider vertical mullions between fenestra? of second row, thickening adorally and becoming thinner aborally. Faces between fins concave in lower portion of lorica but becoming convex above. Bowl in cross section slightly compressed laterally, so that two faces are wider than the other two, in optical section at middle of bowl wider faces 1.5 width of narrower ones and almost flat, narrower ones convex. Wall thickest in subnuchal cone; thinning in bowl. Raised lattice solid, but fins are folds of wall. Animals with 2 oval macronuclei, each 10 by 7/jl. Two spherical micronuclei (in division) were found, each 1.5/x across. The 2 macro- nuclei of this individual were located one above the other near middle of lorica, and above them a new frontal field forming on surface of cytosome. Large granules of lorica-forming substance crowded in cytoplasm near cytostome. Regularity of pattern in lorica? remarkable, showing in constant doubling of fenestra? in lattice from 4 in lower to 8 in upper zone. Numerical relationships of fenestra? (4-8), 4 fins, and quadrilateral form of bowl suggestive of possible correlation with ciliary lines on cytosome, or group action of membranelles. Seven lorica?: L., total, 275-303 (288.7); suboral cone, 22-28 (24.3); subnuchal cone, 39-48 (44.0); bowl, 210-235 (221.7). D., oral, 86-104 (one of 130, probably flattened, excluded) (93.1); prefenestral ring, 93- 120 (99.7); postfenestral ring, 76-100 (84.0); bowl, 53-85 (63.2) M. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 357 At 18 stations, viz., at 1, 4, 4, 1, and 8, respectively, in Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68- 85 (75.5)°; 19 loricfe. Stelidiella simplex Kofoid and Campbell Plate 29, fig. 14 Lorica short, scabbard-shaped, with relatively long collar and long suboral cone; 2.79-3.10 (2.90) o.d. Oral margin entire, slightly in- turned. Collar 0.74-0.77 o.d. in length, 1.6 diameter of bowl. Suboral cone relatively long, 0.3 length of collar in length, cylindrical, or a seg- ment of an inverted, truncated cone of not over 8°. Nuchal angle not recessed. Nuchal diameter equal to oral. Subnuchal cone 0.5 o.d. or 0.15-0.18 t.l., a segment of an inverted, truncated cone of 16-22°. Upper horizontal, or prefenestral, ring 1.10-1.15 o.d. in diameter, and a lower postfenestral 1.03-1.08. Vertical mullions 8, longitudinal, sub- equidistant, connecting 2 rings and separating 8 quadrilateral, closed fenestra? of interspaces. Both rings and mullions raised above level of enclosed fenestras Bowl elongated sack-shaped; 0.79-0.82 t.l., with diameter at uppermost level 0.69-0.78 o.d.; circular in cross section in uppermost level only; its greatest diameter, 0.70-0.78 o.d., scarcely greater than that at its top, at or below its middle ; with lateral contour anteriorly slightly and evenly concave; decreasing below widest level with convex contour to 0.4 o.d. at lower end. Antapex truncate, convex and slightly angular on two opposite faces ; but on other two bowed up concavely. Fins 4, equidistant, longitudinal, ridge-like, arising at flattened antapex in two pairs, one fin on each angle of bowl, joining postfenestral ring at a low leiotropic angle ; thickening at junction and progressively thinner aborally, dividing bowl into 4 intercostal areas in 2 opposite pairs with concave outer faces. Wall pellucid, homo- geneous, thin, uniform in thickness in collar for 0.5 its length, and then decreasing, without forming internal ledges, in bowl. Lattice structures massive thickenings of wall not affecting contour of lumen. Three loricse: L., total, 264-274 (267.3); suboral cone, 18-26" (24.0) ; subnuchal cone, 38-45 (41.7); bowl, 195-210 (203.0). D., oral, 85-94 (88.3) ; prefenestral ring, 88-96 (92.0) ; postfenestral ring, 72-76 (74.0); bowl, 64-72 (68.7) m. At 5 stations, viz., at 1 and 4, respectively, in Peruvian Current and Drift; at 69-81 (73.6)°; 5 loricse. 358 BULLETIN: -MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY Stelidiella stelidium (Biedermann) K. and C. Lorica stout scabbard-shaped, with flaring suboral and subnuchal cones; 3 o.d. Oral margin with 6 low, angular (150°) denticles with concave intervals, slightly inturned. Collar inverted conical, 0.22 o.d. in length, 1.6 diameter of bowl in diameter. Suboral cone short, 0.16 o.d. in length, forming a segment of an inverted truncate cone of 30°. Nuchal angle 125°, nuchal diameter 0.95 o.d. Subnuchal cone 0.42 o.d. in length, a segment of an inverted truncated cone of 35°, with lattice on surface formed by protruding, broadly rounded pre- and postfenes- tral rings and seven vertical mullions. Rings respectively 1.0 and 0.8 o.d. in diameter. Mullions and rings enclosing 8 subequal quadrilateral fenestras, each closed by thin panes. Bowl stout, 2.33 o.d. in length, contracting concavely below postfenestral ring to 0.66 o.d., expanding slightly below middle. Aboral end subhemispherical. Fins 4, equidis- tant, continuous above with postfenestral ring, vertical, forming slightly elevated angles which fade out near aboral end. Faces flattened, even slightly concave. Wall as in S. simplex. L., total, 285; suboral cone, 15; subnuchal cone, 40; bowl, 230. D., oral, 95; prefenestral ring, 95; postfenestral ring, 76; bowl, 55/u- At 2 stations, in Drift ; at 75-79° ; 2 loricse. 47. EUTINTINNUS gen. nov. Salpingellina? with narrow, subcylindrical or inverted, truncated, conical lorica, 2.3-10.6 o.d. in length, equally open at both ends; wall hyaline, structureless, or longitudinally wrinkled, never with spiral structure; length 67-650 ;u, cosmopolitan, pelagic, especially in warmer seas. Type species Eutintinnus birictus K. and C. (1929, fig. 634) from Sta. 4574 in California Current. A virile, dominant genus of Tintinnidse, shown both in extent of speciation (29 species), more than in any other genus in the family, and in abundance of individuals, but not so evident in evolution of struc- ture. Its morphological diversification in suboral region limited to circumoral teeth (in Odontotintinnus) and thickened, projecting oral rim, and suborally in flaring funnel in subgenus Eutintinnus ; in Cerato- tintinnus and Odontotintinnus suboral flare almost wholly absent. Shaft modified in perminutus series only by slight median or submedian bulge; elsewhere in genus an unmodified cylinder or inverted cone with at most only slight changes in slope. Aboral end even less modified than oral, wholly unmodified in Odontotintinnus, in pacificus series of KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 359 subgenus Eutintinnus, and, except for colligatus, also in stramcntus series; abruptly contracted in Ceratotintinnus for a short distance as in pedicel of Xystonellidse ; well developed conical aboral funnel, or flare in macilentus and perminutus series of subgenus Eutintinnus. In colligatus there occurs a narrow zone of constriction above the short aboral funnel without parallel elsewhere in the Tintinnidse. The open posterior end links Eutintinnus to Salpingella, Salpinga- cantha, Rhabdosella, Epicranella, and Daturella; more nearly related to the last in form, but lacking entirely any trace of spiral fins and having thin, rigid wall instead of thick, flaccid one; its wall quite like that of Salpingella, but tubular form, lack of longitudinal aboral fins, and wide aboral opening differentiate it from that genus and Sal- pingacantha; also having, as a rule, less relative development of sub- oral funnel. Salpingella laminata is perhaps the species of Salpingella most closely allied to Eutintinnus. It has the size and form of E. tubus, but possesses longitudinal aboral fins lacking in Eutintinnus. An exceedingly complicated synonymical history has grown up about the name Tintinnus which was used by the earlier writers for nearly the whole of the Tintinnoinea, as, for example, by Claparede and Lachmann (1858). Fol (1881), by the addition of Cyttarocylis, and Hseckel (1878), by that of Codonella, aided in a better delimitation of the increasing number and variety of species. Daday (1887b), by proposing the name Amphorella, still further clarified the complex situation. It is very unfortunate that Brandt (1907), in his great monograph, did not recognize Daday 's Amphorella. Jorgensen (1924), who has always retained Amphorella, limited Tintinnus to tubular loricse with thin, hyaline walls. In our Conspectus (1929, p. 329) we restricted Jorgensen's concept of the genus Tintinnus by the exclusion of Daturella, and designated Tintinnus lusus-^inda? as the type species. The content of the genus Tintinnus was thrown into confusion by Apstein's (1915) designation of Tintinnus inquilinus (O. F. Miiller) as the type species of the genus. This action was taken by him in a routine designation of types of a variety of unrelated genera, and with mainly a historical approach to the genus. It was not based on any study of the specific content of the genus as it then existed in literature, nor on the nomenclatural consequences of this selection. In our Conspectus (1929, p. 329) we overlooked Apstein's paper (1915), and designated the type of Tintinnus as T. lusus-undae Entz, Sr., from the Bay of Naples. In the earlier part of our monograph we had followed Faure-Fremiet (1908b) in placing Tintinnus inquilinus 360 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology with closed aboral end in Tintinnidium, and also recognized the existence of another species, Tintinnus apcrtus, with an open aboral end and with a pelagic instead of an attached mode of life, first figured by Daday (1887b, pi. 18, figs. 2 and 10) but called by him T. inquilinus, as a member of the genus Tintinnus, but distinct from the one with a closed aboral end so clearly described by Faure-Fremiet (1908b) and very definitely included in the original description of M tiller (1777, pi. 9, fig. 2) and in Ehrenberg's (1838, pi. 30, fig. II, 1-3) later account. Up to the time of Apstein's (1915) designation of the type of Tin- tinnus no type had been designated, but Faure-Fremiet's removal of T. inquilinus to Tintinnidium was clearly based on a wide knowledge of the morphology of Tintinnidium and of Tintinnus, and on a critical consideration of the older literature, though not of the question of type species. As will be seen upon reading our discussion of the problem raised by the nomenclatural history of Tintinnus inquilinus (Miiller) Schrank = Tintinnidium inquilinum (Miiller) Faure-Fremiet (see K. and C, 1929, pp. 11-15), that a review of the literature shows that two species had been included in the past in Tintinnus inquilinus, both with a hyaline lorica, one with a closed aboral end, removed by Faure-Fremiet (1908b) to Tintinnidium as Tdm. inquilinum, and one with an open aboral end, described under the name Tintinnus inquilinus (O.F.M.) by Daday (1887a, pi. 18, fig. 2) and later named T. apcrtus by us (1929, fig. 648). The application of the Code of Nomenclature to this problem leaves only one solution available. It is perfectly clear that O. F. Miiller (1777) was dealing with a neritic species with a closed aboral end. This species was included by Schrank (1803) when he founded his genus Tintinnus, and is the only one of the three included by him which belongs to the Tintinnoinea. This species, Tintinnus inquilinus, was selected by Apstein (1915) as the type of Tintinnus, although Faure-Fremiet (1908b) had transferred it to the genus Tintinnidium, and this selection has a legal claim for continuance. Jorgensen's (1924) limitation of the genus Tintinnus to loricse with an open aboral end has a sound morphological basis, but Apstein's (1915) selection of T. inquilinus as its type conflicts with this limitation and compels a new generic name for the group of species selected by Jorgensen as Tintinnus. To this group (excluding Daturella) we give the new generic name Eutintinnus, with Eutintinnus birictus K. and C. (1929, fig. 634) as the type species, and limit the old genus Tintinnus to a group of species KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 361 with homogeneous walls and closed aboral ends, including the species inquilinus as type, and certain related species transferred from Bur- saopsis. Eutintinnus is applied to the much larger and better known pelagic group of species with loricse with an open aboral end. This procedure has the following advantages : The etymology of the name relates the genus Eutintinnus to the family Tintinnidse and the new genus is restricted to a group of congruous species. The genus Tin- tinnidium, to which Faure-Fremiet (1908b) transferred Tintinnus inquilinus, has a soft lorica with included and adherent particles, whereas the species inquilinus has a transparent, rigid lorica of homo- geneous texture, of the type found generally in the Tintinnidse. The transfer back to the Tintinnidse of this species inquilinus is sound from the standpoint of classification. The designation by us of the lorica with an open aboral end as a new species T. apertus (1929, fig. 648), described by Daday (1887b) as T. inquilinus O. F. M., also serves to clarify the long existing confusion. In Eutintinnus a variety of structural modifications of a basic slender, conical, or tubular lorica have been evolved among the 29 known species. Certain progressive tendencies appear among them upon grouping the species according to structure in six series. These tendencies may be summed up as follows: There is, in the first place, in each of the six series of species differentiated from one another by one or more structural characters, an increase in size, or a progressive increase in length. The species in each of the structurally differentiated series can be arranged in such a sequence of increasing length, accom- panied by a general increase in diameter, though not as a rule propor- tionally, and not always uninterruptedly. This absence of propor- tionality is involved in the varying proportions which appear in the several species. There is no evidence of a correlation of small-sized species with higher temperatures, or of large-sized ones with colder waters, though there is some evidence of such correlation within the individuals of given species. In the second place, there emerge in the genus a group of structural characters which, singly, or in combination, in all or in a part of the species, characterize the several series into which the species of the genus may be assorted. Such a character, or characters, are not developed to an equal degree in all members of the series which are thus characterized. The smallest species in the series generally ex- hibits the character in a lower degree of development than the larger ones. Thus, the smallest species in each series is structurally, at least, if not historically, the most primitive. 362 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Lastly, these smallest and presumably most primitive species of the six series, namely, pacificus, stramentus, macilentus, perminutus, tubus, and turris, are more nearly alike than are the terminal, or largest, species of the series, namely, lusus-undae, attemiatus, birictus, lotus, angustatus, and mirabilis. The structural characters which are utilized in differentiating sub- genera and series of species of the genus are (1) the circumoral rim in the subgenus Eutintinnus; (2) the suboral funnel in the subgenus Eutintinnus, including the pacificus, stramentus, macilentus, and per- minutus series ; (3) the very tapering shaft well developed only in the stramentus series, but suggested also in the smallest species of the macilentus and turris series; (4) the bulge in or near middle of shaft in the perminutus series, seen elsewhere only in mirabilis of the toothed turris series; (5) the well developed aboral funnel in the macilentus and perminutus series only; (6) the contracted aboral region found only in the tubus series constituting the subgenus Ceratotintinnus ; and (7) the circumoral ring of teeth in the turris series constituting the subgenus Odontotintinnus. Two other structural features emerge in a few species only, neither of which affords a basis for a series, namely the abrupt aboral constriction in colligatus only, without parallel in the family Tintinnidse, and the characteristic substance of the wall of the lorica found only in tubiformis of the macilentus series, and rugosus of the turris series. In both of these the wall is somewhat thickened generally, has a sooty brown tinge, and is covered externally with numerous short, uniform, longitudinal wrinkles. Possibly this group should be separated from Eutintinnus as a distinct genus. There is a range of variation within the species, usually exhibited by a relatively small number of individuals, which suggests degrees in the development or expression of these specific characters, such as the median bulge and the suboral and aboral flares. These may be mere consequences of the varying amounts of lorica substance or varying relative rates of lorica formation in the several regions, and may result from the amount and nature of the food during the period of accumu- lation of lorica substance in the cytoplasm and the temperature attend- ing its extrusion and shaping into the lorica. Contains 29 species, of which 19 are recorded in Expedition collec- tions. Of these 29 species, 17 were new (K. and C, 1929), and of these, 13 were present in Expedition material. One other, E. apertus (K. and C), was assigned a new name. Subdivided into 6 series belonging to 3 new quite distinct subgenera, Eutintinnus, Ceratotintinnus, and Odontotintinnus. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 3G3 EUTINTINNUS subgen. nov. Eutintinnus with an entire circumoral rim; marine; principally, if not wholly, pelagic in warm temperate and tropical seas. Type species Eutintinnus birictus K. and C, (1929, p. 332, fig. 634) from Sta. 4574 in California Current. Includes 21 species, in 4 series as follows: the pacificus series, including pacificus, tubulosus, pinguis, tenuis, and lusus-wndae; the stramentus series, including stramentus, colligatus, and attcnuatus; the macilentus series, including macilentus, maculatus, tubijormis, fraknoii, elongatus, and birictus; and the perminutus series, including perminutus, elegans, turgescens, procurrerens, medius, brandti, and latus. CERATOTINTINNUS subgen. nov. Eutintinnus with aboral region contracted to a narrowed section; aboral opening rimless, not over 0.5 of oral opening in diameter; in marine and brackish waters. Type species Eutintinnus angustatus (Daday, 1887b, pi. 18, fig. 15) from Bay of Naples. Contains the tubus series, including tubus, apertus, and angustatus. ODONTOTINTINNUS subgen. nov. Eutintinnus with circumoral row of equal, equidistant, slender, vertical, triangular teeth; no marked suboral or aboral flare; shaft a narrow, inverted, truncated cone or cylinder; wall hyaline, in one species wrinkled; marine, from temperate and cooler coastal waters. Type species Eutintinnus turris (K. and C, 1929, fig. 642) from Nome Bay, Alaska. Contains the turris series, including turris, pectinis, mirabilis, rugosus, and rectus. Eutintinnus apertus (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, fig. 4 T. inquilinus, Hofker, 1931b, p. 386, figs. 82-83. Lorica tall funnel-shaped, an inverted, truncated cone, contracted in aboral 0.15 as narrower section below rounded shoulder formed by intermediate cone; 2.3-2.6 (2.5) o.d. Oral margin with narrow hori- zontal projecting rim above slight flare in shaft below. Shaft with anterior 0.78 of lorica forming an inverted, truncated cone of 6-9°, with diameter decreasing evenly aborally, without bulge, to a lower 364 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology diameter of 0.60-0.85 (0.70) o.d., contracting abruptly below this level, a low, convex, inverted, truncated intermediate cone of 37°, with lower diameter 0.60-0.70 (0.67) o.d., and 0.06 t.l. Aboral section projecting below this cone as a narrower, concave truncated cone, 0.16-0.30 t.l. and 0.33-0.60 (0.51) o.d. in diameter anteriorly, with straight or slightly concave sides forming an inverted, truncated cone of not over 5°. Aboral aperture rimless, not everted, 0.30-0.56 (0.49) o.d. in diameter. Wall uniform in thickness. Animal with 4 oval macronuclei, noted by Entz, Jr. (1909b, pi. 13, fig. 11), in our material 5 by IOju, equidistant, arranged in a longitudinal spiral; and 4 globular micronuclei, each 1.2/x in diameter. Hofker (1931b) finds only 2 micronuclei. There are 18 intercalary tentaculoids 0.6 length of membranelles in length, with globular distal organs; 18 longitudinal myonemes, and 18 membranelles (Brandt, 1907, p. 22). Peduncle 0.4 length of animal, attached at one side of lorica (Daday, 1887b, pp. 529-531). Cases of symbiosis between certain diatoms (Chseto- ceras) to which the tintinnids are anchored are noted by Ehrenberg (1834), Famintzin (1889), Faure-Fremiet (1908a), Schweyer (1909), Pavillard (1916), Jorgensen (1924), and Hofker (1931b). We have found this relationship abundantly in our own material of this species. This condition obtains also in certain other tintinnids, as in lusus- undce in our material; also noted by Fol (1884, pi. 5, fig. 15) in Rhab- donella elegans. Eight loricse: L., total, 70-102 (90.0). D., oral, 29-36 (33.3); diam- eter at shoulder, 20-33 (24.8) ; aboral, 14-18 (16.6) m- At 8 stations, viz., at 3, 3, and 2, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 67-81 (73.5)°; 8 loricse. Eutintinnus birictus (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, fig. 9 Lorica exceedingly large, very long, slender, tubular, with flaring, rather wide, subequal, funnel-like expansion at each end; 6.3-10.6 (7.9) o.d. Oral margin feebly differentiated as an everted, narrow, projecting horizontal rim with a slight peripheral thickening. Suboral flare a long, slightly flaring funnel, an inverted, truncated cone of 11-22°, 0.45-1.40 o.d. in length. Shaft below this contracting evenly to least diameter, at 0.74-0.83 t.l. from oral end, 0.4-0.6 o.d. in diameter, a very long, inverted cone of 1.5-3°. Aboral region a truncated cone of 20-25°, with slightly concave sides; 0.2-0.6 o.d. in length. Aboral diameter 0.60-0.89 o.d. Aboral rim not thickened. Wall with a few instances KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 365 of inclusion of coccoliths (?), nearly uniform in thickness, slightly thicker in oral rim. Ten lorica?: L., total, 377-650 (502.0). D., oral, 58-67 (63.4); mid- way, 44-58 (51.3); aboral, 32-42 (38.6) /x. At 20 stations, viz., at 2, 1, 3, and 14, respectively, in California and Peruvian currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (72.7)°; 42 lorica?. Eutintinnus brandti (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 32, fig. 9 Lorica elongated, truncated cone of 4-5°, with well developed pre- median bulge and widely flaring, subequal oral and aboral regions; 3.67-5.63 (5.05) o.d. Oral margin with narrow, projecting, thickened oblique rim, abruptly merging with suboral flare which is an inverted, truncated, concave cone of 20-45°, with concavity increasing abruptly orally; 0.25-0.90 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.7-0.8 o.d. Shaft as a whole a bulging, truncated cone of 2-3°. Upper shaft increasing evenly and regularly in diameter as truncated cone of 5-8° to level of premedian bulge, 0.44-0.61 (0.53) o.d. in diameter, contracting con- cavely in posterior 0.55-0.65 t.l. as an inverted, truncated, concave cone of 7-9°, decreasing evenly to least diameter (0.35-0.55 o.d.) at 0.1-0.3 t.l. from aboral end. Aboral funnel a truncated, very concave cone of 13-24°, 1-2 o.d. in length. Aboral aperture 0.64-0.93 (0.73) o.d. in diameter. Aboral margin usually rimless, but sometimes with slight thickening or terminal projection of wall. Wall thickened in oral funnel; elsewhere uniform. Nine lorica? : L., total, 205-339 (289.0). D., oral, 53-63 (57.4); least diameter, 27-34 (30.7) ; aboral, 32-52 (42.6) fi. At 15 stations, viz., at 3, 2, 1, 2, and 7, respectively, in California, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (76)°; 23 lorica?. Eutintinnus colligatus (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, fig. 11 Lorica very elongated, slender, trumpet-shaped, as a whole an in- verted, truncated cone of 6-9°; 4.8-5.8 (5.3) o.d. Oral margin with narrow, projecting, horizontal or oblique, often abruptly everted rim. Suboral funnel flaring rather widely, an inverted, truncated, evenly concave cone of 20-35°; 0.6-1.2 o.d. in length, merging abruptly with 366 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology shaft. Nuchal diameter 0.50-0.69 o.d. Shaft long, tapering, inverted, truncated cone of 3-5°, tapering from throat evenly and regularly with- out local bulge, or in some loricae with a very slight median or post- median convexity, with diameter midway 0.48-0.63 (0.53) o.d.; con- tracting abruptly immediately above aboral funnel, a very low, in- verted, truncated, intermediate cone of 25-35°, longer than wide; 0.12- 0.14 o.d. in diameter at posterior end. Aboral funnel below inter- mediate cone, truncated cone of 45-70°, with concave sides, not over 0.5 aboral diameter in length. Aboral margin rimless. Aboral aperture 0.33-0.37 (0.35) o.d. in diameter. Wall thicker in suboral funnel, uni- formly thinner in shaft, and slightly thickening in aboral funnel at widest level. Animal with 4 oval macronuclei, each 5 by 7 n, filling 0.5 t.l. in upper part of lorica. Twenty-three lories: L., total, 254-295 (270.9). D., oral, 49-54 (51.1); midway, 25-30 (27.4); aboral, 15-20 (18.0) /x. At 15 stations, viz., at 6 and 9, respectively, in Panamic Area and Drift; at 72-81 (76.9)°; 95 loricae. Eutintinnus elongatus (Jorgensen) Plate 31, fig. 7 Lorica elongated, slender, trumpet-shaped, with widely flaring oral and aboral regions; 4.45-6.83 (5.83) o.d. Oral margin with very nar- row, scarcely projecting horizontal rim. Suboral funnel, a very widely flaring, slightly concave, inverted, truncated cone of 15-32°, but usually 26-32°, in one lorica 55°; 0.15-1.20 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.47-0.60 o.d. Shaft very long and tapering, an inverted, truncated cone of 3-7°, with straight sides; its diameter midway 0.45-0.57 (0.52) o.d. Aboral flare, or funnel, a truncated cone of 25-57°, with somewhat concave sides, with diameter at neck 0.4-0.5, aboral diameter 0.48-0.55 (0.52), and length 0.16-0.40 o.d. No aboral rim. Wall 0.013 o.d. in thickness. Animal with 4 oval macronuclei, each 7 by 13 m, and a similar number of adjacent micronuclei, filling aboral 0.6 of lorica. Binary fission, observed in one animal, of the usual type, with lateral, newly forming peristome and with nuclei crowded near it, but without evidence of fusion, as suggested by Laackmann (1906) and Entz, Jr. (1909b). An oval, clear-walled cyst, 30 by 57/z, was seen in one lorica (Figure 921) just above middle, with a thin, regular wall and an irregular, probably contracted, granu- lar cytoplasm, enclosing 4 macronuclei of irregular outline, and 4 oval micronuclei, each 3 by 4/jl, possibly enlarged prior to fission. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 367 One hundred lories: L., total, 204-394 (306.9). D., oral, 46-64 (52.6); midway, 24-34 (27.4); aboral, 24-34 (27.8)/*. At 82 stations, viz., at 5, 8, 16, 1, 11, 2, 8, and 31, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift; at 66-84 (74.4)°; 458 loricse. Eutintinnus fraknoii (Daday) Plate 31, fig. 10 Tintinnus lusus-undse, partim, Jorgensen, 1899, pp. 4, 8, 9, 42; 1900, p. 64; 1912, pp. 1, 2, 16 (see also E. lusus-undse). Tintinnus fraknoi, Graf, 1909, p. 187, fig. (25)a. Tintinnus frakenoii, Hofker, 1931b, pp. 385-386, fig. 81. Favella fraknoii, Hofker, 1931b, pp. 380-381. Lorica very large, elongated, slender conical, concave tubular, with slightly flaring funnel at each end; 5.16-6.56 (5.81) o.d. Oral margin a thin narrow, projecting, horizontal or oblique, slightly thickened, and very distinct rim. Suboral funnel flaring 12-25°, scarcely differentiated from shaft except by slightly localized increase in flare, concave out- wardly or nearly straight; 0.10-0.13 total length. Nuchal diameter 0.8-0.9 o.d. Shaft 0.8-0.9 total length, circular in cross section, an evenly tapering tube or segment of a slightly concave inverted cone of 3-5°, with diameter midway 0.52-0.66 (0.60) o.d. Aboral collar a concave-sided, inverted funnel in shape of a truncated cone of 32-55°, 0.03-0.09 total length. Aboral aperture 0.62-0.73 (0.68) o.d. in diameter. Aboral margin without thickened rim. Wall without pris- matic structure in our material, though Brandt (1907, p. 423) speaks of rather large polygonal prisms sometimes found in fraknoii; uniformly thin-walled, 0.02 o.d. in thickness, with minute scattered coccoliths (?) included, also found by Biedermann (1893). Animal with 4 oval macronuclei, each 10 by 20/*, arranged in a leiotropic spiral, and asso- ciated with each macronucleus a small globular micronucleus 1.5/* in diameter. There are 18 or 20 membranelles 25/* in length surround- ing the deeply sunken frontal field 30/* in diameter. Animal pyriform, surmounting a narrow peduncle attached aborally to side of lorica. There are 18 or 20 long stalked tentaculoids and as many parallel rows of long cilia. Myonemes following ciliary lines are present. Parasites, presumably Blastodinium, are reported by Chatton (1919). This species, like apertus, is sometimes found with one to four frustules of Chsetoceras (Schweyer, 1909) attached to upper part of lorica. 368 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Fourteen lorica?: L., total, 310-420 (364.8). D., oral, 60-70 (62.8); midway, 35-43 (38.0) ; aboral, 39-49 (42.8) ». At 24 stations, viz., 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, and 14, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican, Peruvian, South and North Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 67-83 (75.1)°; 40 lorica?. Eutintinnus LUSUS-UND.E (Entz, Sr.) Plate 32, fig. 3 Tintinnus lusus-undse, Jorgensen, 1899, pp. 4, 8, 9, 42; 1900, p. 64; 1912, pp. 1, 2, 16 (see also E. fraknoii). Lorica long, subcylindrical, stouter than tenuis, short funnel-shaped anteriorly; 3.6-4.9 (4.2) o.d. Oral margin abruptly flared, not thick- ened, projecting as a low, horizontal rim. Suboral funnel flaring as an inverted, truncated, outwardly concave cone of 17-32°, 0.2-0.3 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.6-0.7 o.d. Shaft a subcylindrical tapering tube, an inverted, truncated cone of 1-3°, without local inflations or contrac- tions, decreasing evenly from throat to aboral end. Aboral end squarely truncated, without rim or flare. Aboral diameter 0.54-0.67 (0.61) o.d. Wall homogeneous, or with fine prisms (Brandt, pi. 65, fig. 11a), rarely with faintly streaked areolate walls, uniform in thick- ness in shaft, and slightly thicker in collar. Animal with 4 macro- nuclei and 18 membranelles (Brandt, 1907, p. 21). We have seen an individual of lusus-undce from off La Jolla, California with three empty lorica? of a small species of Acanthostomella in the cytoplasm. Sym- biosis with Chsetoceras occurs in our material, the frustules being attached to side of lorica, as in apertus. Ten lorica?: L., total, 177-238 (210.4). D., oral, 46-50 (47.8) ; aboral, 27-32 (29.4) fx. At 16 stations, viz., at 4, 2, 3, and 7, respectively, in California, and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, and Drift; at 68-83 (74.3)°; 32 loricse. Eutintinnus macilentus (Jorgensen) Plate 32, fig. 1 Lorica a short, inverted, truncated, very concave cone of 6-9°; 3.6-4.5 (4.2) o.d. Oral margin circular, with thin, projecting, almost horizontal rim. Suboral funnel, an outwardly concave, inverted cone of 20-29°, 0.9-1.2 o.d. in length, merging imperceptibly into shaft. Nuchal diameter 0.8-0.9 o.d. Shaft an inverted, truncated cone of KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 369 3-5°, without local bulge or contraction, very slightly concave through- out in contour, 0.51-0.61 (0.54) o.d. in diameter midway of total length, and 0.4-0.5 at level of least diameter. Aboral funnel a slightly concave, truncated cone of 26-46°, with aboral diameter of 0.58-0.73 (0.66) o.d. Aboral margin rimless. Wall uniform in thickness. Nineteen loricse: L., total, 136-190 (165.1). D., oral, 33-43 (39.2); midway, 18-25 (22.5); aboral, 21-28 (26.0) p. Brandt's lorica (pi. 65, fig. 16) : 327, 63, 40, and 32 /jl. The magnification of figure is stated to be 225 ; in case it were 550, a magnification frequently used by Brandt (1906), its dimensions would conform to ours. At 14 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 11, respectively, in Peruvian Cur- rent, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (74^2)° ; 29 loricse. Eutintinnus medius (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, fig. 8 Lorica moderately stout, inverted, truncated cone of 3-5° as a whole, with minimum amount of median bulge; 3.69-4.77 (4.38) o.d. Oral margin with very slight but definitely projecting, somewhat thickened rim. Suboral funnel truncated, concave cone of 25-40°, merged aborally with shaft; 0.25-1.00 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.75-0.90 o.d. Shaft as a whole a bulging, truncated, inverted cone of 2-3°, its diameter slightly greater midway of total length, 0.65-0.71 (0.68) o.d., than at either end. Aboral funnel a truncated, inverted, outwardly concave cone of 25^2°, 0.2-0.8 o.d. in length, rather more abruptly set off from shaft than is the oral flare. Aboral diameter 0.60-0.71 (0.65) o.d. No aboral rim. Wall uniformly thin, except for very slight thickening in rim. One deformed lorica from Sta. 4611, had a row of 22 frustules of diatom Grammatophora vertically ar- ranged a little distance below oral rim. Ten loricse: L., total, 192-258 (235.9). D., oral, 51-55 (52.9); midway, 33-38 (36.3); aboral, 32-37 (34.7) fi. Differs from lusus-undae in that it is longer (1 95-254 fx, instead of 1 77-238 n), has a flaring aboral funnel in place of simple, truncated aboral end, and shaft usually, though not always, bulging in middle. Differs from elegans (147-190)u) and brandti (205-339 n) in being inter- mediate (192-258 n) in length, and in having less bulge. At 11 stations, viz., at 5, 1, 2, 2, and 1, respectively, in California, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 66-83 (72.7)°; 48 loricse. 370 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Eutintinnus pacificus (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, figs. 2, 3 Lorica very small, short, tumbler-shaped, an inverted truncated cone; 2.30-3.37 (2.33) o.d. Oral rim slightly but abruptly projecting. Shaft in anterior 0.5-0.6 an inverted truncated cone of 4-9°, with slope changing below rather abruptly to an aboral cone of 7-11°. Lorica as a whole an inverted truncated cone of 6-9°. Aboral end 0.65 o.d. in diameter, without rim. In one of our loricse contour crenulated by slight, short, local, subuniform undulations of wall. Wall 0.06 o.d. in thickness. Animal with 4 oval macronuclei, each 4 by 5fi. In one individual there were 11 membranelles on one side. Three lorica?: L., total, 67-71 (69.5). D., oral, 29-30 (29.2) ; aboral, 19-20 (19.2) /x. At 3 stations, in Drift; at 75-77°; 4 loricse. Eutintinnus perminutus (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, fig. 1 Lorica as a whole a relatively short, inverted, truncated cone of 3-6°, with slight and gradually differentiated median bulge of shaft, and abrupt, narrow oral and aboral flares; 4.25-5.40 (4.70) o.d. Oral margin with narrow, projecting, horizontal, thickened rim, merging with suboral funnel flaring 25-40°, with outwardly concave sides, 0.5-0.6 o.d. in length, merging gradually into shaft. Nuchal diameter 0.60-0.75 o.d. Shaft with a median bulge, best seen in end view; as a whole forming a truncated cone of 7-10°, inflated regularly and evenly from throat, with a little convexity, to middle of shaft, reaching a diameter of 0.70-0.81 (0.76) o.d., a truncated cone of not over 3-8°. Posterior 0.5 of shaft an inverted, truncated convex cone of 8-15°, contracting from middle of shaft evenly and regularly with a slight distal concavity. Aboral funnel an outwardly concave, trun- cated cone of 15-32°, with diameter at upper level of greatest constric- tion 0.35-0.50 o.d., and at aboral orifice of 0.54-0.70 (0.65) o.d., and length of 0.25-0.40 o. d. Aboral margin without rim. Wall uniform in thickness. Eleven loricse: L., total, 145-183 (155.0). D., oral, 32-34 (33.1); bulge, 24-27 (25.3); aboral, 20-24 (21.2)/*. At 12 stations, viz., at 1, 2, 1, and 8, respectively, in California, Mexican and Peruvian currents, and Drift adjacent to the latter current; at 69-78 (73)°; 18 loricse. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 371 Eutintinnus pinguis (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, fig. 6 Loriea tall, tumbler-shaped, inverted, truncated cone of 7.5-12°, with slight oral rim, and slight median bulge; 2.60-3.08 (3.09) o.d. Oral rim minute, horizontally projecting ledge with taper of not over 10° for 0.2-0.5 o.d. below it in shaft, below oral rim. Shaft with median bulge, due in part to localized transition in slope; continuing evenly and regularly from suboral taper to transition in slope midway of loriea. Upper bowl a cylinder or inverted, truncated cone of 3-6°, with diameter of base 0.8-0.9 (0.85) o.d. Lower bowl contracting evenly and regularly as a truncated, inverted cone of 7-1 1°, continuing in some loricse to aboral end, but in others changing to a cylinder in the posterior 0.16-0.20 t.l. Aboral end squarely truncated, 0.53-0.73 (0.59) o.d. in diameter, without a rim. Wall uniform in thickness, except for slight thickening below oral margin. Five loricse: L., total, 114-161 (134.3). D., oral, 41-47 (43.7); mid- way, 34-39 (36.5); aboral, 24-30 (27.4) n. Jorgensen's (1924, p. 12) inclusion of tubulosus in apertus may be accompanied also by an inclusion of some loricse of this species. His figure 7a answers somewhat to ours of pinguis, except that it is con- tracted aborally much more than any of ours, to less than 0.5 o.d. in his and to 0.53-0.73 (0.59) in ours. At 7 stations, viz., at 2, 4, and 1, respectively, in California, Mexican and South Equatorial currents; at 76-84 (81)°; 65 loricse. Eutintinnus procurrerens (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 31, fig. 5 Loriea very widely bulging, as a whole an inverted, truncated cone of 3-6°; 3.20-4.45 (3.89) o.d. Oral margin with a narrow, horizontal, projecting rim. Suboral funnel inverted, truncated, concave cone of 16-37°; 0.35-0.85 o.d. in length, merging gradually into shaft. Nuchal diameter 0.6-0.7 o.d. Shaft as a whole a truncated cone of 8-10° with a very marked, slightly postmedian, rarely median, expansion. Upper shaft increasing evenly in diameter in anterior 0.5 from throat to postmedian level of greatest diameter, 0.67-0.90 (0.73) o.d., a concave, truncated cone of 2-7°. Posterior 0.5 of shaft proper an inverted, con- cave, truncated cone of 8-12°, with diameter above aboral funnel 0.44-0.55 o.d. Aboral funnel very well differentiated, a concave, 372 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology truncated cone of 20-35°, 0.25-0.40 o.d. in length. Aboral aperture rimless, 0.53-0.72 (0.64) o.d. in diameter. Wall uniform in thickness. Twenty-five loricge: L., total, 138-206 (147.7). D., oral, 41-48 (44.7); midway, 31-37 (32.6); aboral, 24-33 (28.4)/*. At 22 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 9, and 11, respectively, in Mexican Cur- rent, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and adjacent Drift; at 72-83 (76.1)°; 69 loricje. Eutintinnus rugosus (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 32, fig. 5 Lorica a simple subcylindrical tube in anterior 0.5 and a cone of 2.5° posteriorly, with a very slight terminal aboral flare; 4.6 o.d. Suboral region very slightly everted and locally thickened into a rim. Oral margin with erect, deeply serrate row of 44 sharply pointed, triangular teeth, 0.11 o.d. in length, and 0.03 across base, including rounded bodies of irregular dimensions which are probably coccoliths ; rising from inner face of slightly thickened suboral margin. Oral opening, at base of serrated collar, 60/* in diameter, the greatest diameter of the lorica. Immediately below oral margin a very slight constriction. Shaft with frequent minor irregularities of outer con- tour, rather evenly distributed. Least diameter 0.85 o.d., just above slightly flaring aboral end. Aboral region concave outwardly, a trun- cated cone of 25°, 0.12 o.d. in length. Aboral end 0.92 o.d. in di- ameter, evenly truncated and rimless. Lorica of a dark, smoky brown color, with rough surface, irregular in contour, and bearing many irregularly arranged, longitudinal, very short wrinkles or rugfe. Wall with maximum thickness near oral margin, and minimum at aboral end. L., total, 275. D., oral, 60; midway, 58; aboral, 55 /x. Wailes (1925, pi. 2, figs. 22, 23) figures two lorica? of rectus stated to be x 200 in explanation of figures. At this magnification the longer of these two loricse is 305/*. On page 7 of his text he states that the length is 1 76-255 fx. It may be, therefore, that the magnification should read x 300 instead of x 200 ; if this is correct his longest lorica (fig. 23) is 200/*. Our Conspectus (1929, fig. 645) has a copy of Wailes's figure at x 200, which is therefore too large for the stated dimensions. If this solution is incorrect, rectus is somewhat longer, instead of shorter, than rugosus. At Sta. 4675; at 68°; 1 lorica. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 373 Eutintinnus stramentus (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 32, fig. 6 Lorica very slender, hyaline, uniformly tapering, truncated cone; 4.4-6.0 (5.6) o.d. Oral margin with slightly thickened, very narrow, horizontally projecting rim. Suboral funnel not differentiated, or represented by flare of not over 15-20° for up to 0.4 o.d. below oral rim. Shaft below flare tapering up to 4-8°, with only very slight irregularities. Aboral end rimless, squarely truncated, not everted, with diameter of 0.35-0.55 (0.41) o.d. Wall uniform in thickness. Ten loricae: L., total, 105-165 (146.2). D., oral, 23-28 (26.0); mid- way, 13-18 (15.4) ; aboral, 8-13 (10.9) ix. At 11 stations, viz., at 2, 2, 4, 1, and 2, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 72-84 (77.6)°; 20 loricse. Eutintinnus tenuis (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 32, fig. 2 Lorica relatively narrow and rather long, anteriorly a funnel- shaped cone, subcylindrical posteriorly without aboral differentiation; 4.3-6.1 (4.8) o.d. Oral margin with narrow, thickened, projecting, horizontal rim. Suboral funnel flaring, either tall, concave funnel in form of inverted, truncated cone of 9-17°, or shorter, wider one of 28-46°, both merging imperceptibly into shaft; 0.12-0.19 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.70-0.85 o.d. Shaft tapering evenly and regularly from throat to aboral end as an inverted, truncated cone of 2-6°, without local swellings or transitions in slope. Aboral end squarely truncated, without aboral flare or rim, its diameter 0.52-0.65 (0.59) o.d. Wall thickest in suboral funnel, uniformly thinner elsewhere. One lorica, from Sta. 4580, had a cuirass of four elongated frustules of an unidenti- fied diatom of the genus Isthmia, resembling /. enervis, adherent around lorica in a vertical row just below oral funnel. One hundred and six loricse: L., total, 179-237 (193.7). D., oral, 38^5 (42.2) ; aboral, 24-27 (25.0) m- At 59 stations, viz., at 5, 6, 9, 1, 1, 11, 1, 3, and 22, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian, South Equatorial and Equatorial Counter currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 66-84 (75.4)°; 244 loricse. 374 BULLETIN*: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY Eutintinnus tubiformis (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 32, fig. 7 Lorica relatively very stout, subcylindrical, flaring outwardly abruptly and subequally at both ends; 4.4-6.2 (5.2) o.d. Oral margin a rounded, relatively thick lip, merging into collar. Suboral funnel abruptly flaring, a truncated cone of 63-90°, 0.2-0.5 o.d. in length, with thickened wall. Lorica contracting below oral margin to 0.95 o.d., tapering gently to a mid-diameter of 0.8 o.d., and then to least diameter, 0.7 o.d., at 0.98 t.l. from oral margin, flaring aborally in a short aboral funnel of 75-82°, either abruptly or gradually, to everted, rounded aboral margin. Aboral diameter 0.9 o.d. Lorica an inverted, truncated cone of 2-3°, without rims. Wall of dark brownish tinge, with rough surface covered with fine, irregular, evenly distributed, longitudinal rugae, or wrinkles; thicker in oral and aboral rims, and thinner elsewhere. Eleven lorica: L., total, 323-414 (358.3). D., oral, 67-73 (68.8); midway, 58-66 (61.0); aboral, 52-62 (54.5)/*. At 9 stations, viz., at 1, 1 and 7, respectively, in Mexican and South Equatorial currents, and Drift; at 75-84 (79.1)°; 18 loricae. Eutintinnus tubulosus (Ostenfeld) Plate 32, fig. 8 Tintinnus lusus-undse, Hofker, 1922, p. 169, fig. 75; 1931b, p. 387, fig. 84 (a), (b). Lorica short, hyaline, open tumbler-shaped, an inverted, truncated cone; 2.5-3.4 (3.09) o.d. Oral rim projecting horizontally abruptly and very slightly. Shaft short, inverted, truncated cone of 4-10°, with regularly contracting sides. Aboral end without rim, 0.60-0.70 (0.67) o.d. in diameter. Wall very thin except for slight thickening at oral margin. Animal filling 0.6 of lorica, with 4 oval macronuclei, each 5 by 6/x. Six loricge: L., total, 85-103 (94.3). D., oral, 29-34 (31.0); aboral, 20-23 (21.0) ju. At 12 stations, viz., at 1, 4, 2, and 5, respectively, in Mexican and Peruvian currents, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 66-84 (74.6)°; 20 loricae. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 375 Eutintinnus turgescens (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 32, fig. 4 Lorica as a whole a short tube, a truncated, inverted, funnel-shaped cone of 6-9°; 3.2-4.4 (3.8) o.d. Oral margin with horizontal, thickened, projecting rim, merging into suboral funnel; an inverted, truncated, concave cone of 20-35° merging quickly into shaft; 0.1-0.3 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.60-0.79 o.d. Shaft as a whole a tapering tube, a cone of 5-8°, with a slight median or postmedian bulge, 0.7-0.9 t.l., with greatest diameter (0.64-0.75 [0.66] o.d.) within middle 0.25 of length, decreasing below evenly to within short distance of squarely trun- cated, rimless aboral end, with opening 0.49-0.63 (0.57) o.d. Effect of median bulge on contour sometimes heightened not only by dis- appearance aborally of convexity, but by slight distal concavity which brings out slight aboral flare, which in more pronounced form is characteristic of the macilentus series. Feebly differentiated aboral funnel, 0.10-0.16 o.d. in length, a truncated cone of 12-22°. x\boral diameter 0.50-0.61 of oral. Wall uniform in thickness, except in slightly thickened rim. Animal with 4 globular macronuclei, 12 \i in diameter, associated as two pairs, possibly in a division phase, and 4 globular micronuclei, 2.5 /x in diameter. Fifty-one loricse: L., total, 147-193 (171.4). D., oral, 40-46 (43.9); midway, 27-31 (28.9); aboral, 23-28 (25.1) m- At 16 stations, viz., at 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, and 5, respectively, in California, Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Pan- amic Area, Galapagos and Easter Island eddies, and Drift; at 68-83 (74.8)°; 83 loricse. 48. DATURELLA Kofoid and Campbell Salpingellinse with lorica elongated, truncated cone 3.58-8.60 o.d. in length; open at both ends, aboral diameter 0.2-0.9 o.d., with more suboral than aboral flare ; shaft subcylindrical or slender inverted cone ; with longitudinal, ribbon-like fins or homologous striae; wall very soft, delicate, and flaccid, with prismatic structure; Tropical Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Pacific. Type species Daturella datura (Brandt) emended K. and C, from Guinea Current. Emarginata and datura were described by Brandt (1906) in Tintin- nus, both with soft lorica? with fins or stria? and strong prismatic struc- ture. Our material, abundantly represented in our collections by a 376 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology variety of related forms, enables us to establish the content of this interesting genus. Jorgensen (1924) did not accept either emarginata or datura as valid species, erroneously suggesting that they were only deformed loricae of questionable origin. The fins and striae have all the features of definite morphological structure differing typically in different species in number, extent, and curvature. They are not defor- mations or artifacts resulting from mounting media or delicacy of wall. This delicacy is itself of generic value. The only questionable artifact, in our opinion, is the suboral constriction in ora, and we suspend judg- ment on even this. Distinctly related to Eutintinnus in general form, but entirely different in texture of wall. Loricse of both genera open at each end, and inverted conical in both, and both tend to flare at each end. The thickened wall of Eutintinnus rugosus and tubiformis, with numerous short longitudinal wrinkles, is suggestive of the thickened wall and longer striae and fins of the emarginata series of Daturella. Soft wall with alveolar prismatic structure and long surface pleats clearly dis- tinguish Daturella from all other genera of the Tintinnidse. The de- velopment of fins is suggestive of Bursaopsis and Salpingella, but in the latter they are limited, with rare exceptions, to the aboral end, and the wall of Salpingella is rigid, hyaline, and without evident prismatic structure. Contains 9 species, of which 5 are recorded in Expedition material. Of the 9 species 7 are new, 5 being present in Expedition material. Subdivided into series : the angusta series, including angusta, recta, and emarginata; and the striata series, including striata, ora, datura, gaussi, stramonium, and magna. Daturella magna Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, fig. 3 Lorica very large, elongated trumpet-shaped; 5.2 o.d. Oral margin abruptly everted in recurved brim, 3.2 aboral diameters in diameter, and 0.03 o.d. in width. Suboral flare slightly developed, an inverted, truncated cone of 13°, 0.66 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.75 o.d. Shaft with premedian bulge, with greatest diameter (0.88 o.d.) at 2.0 o.d. below rim; upper shaft a subregular, truncated cone of 7°, and lower an inverted one of 15°, gradually changing into subcylindrical pedicel 0.5 o.d. in length and 0.3 in diameter. Aboral flare slight, a truncated cone of 8° equaling diameter of aboral opening, or 0.33 o.d. Sides of shaft irregular, due to fins and deformability. Fins 10 (11), KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 377 ribbon-like, arising at aboral margin and continuing for 0.67 t.l. sub- vertically, becoming slightly leiotropic above submedian bulge, in- creasing torsion suddenly to an angle of 60° from vertical at 0.5 o.d. below rim; not all extending to oral margin, some vanishing 0.25 o.d. below rim; decurrent above and below and 0.02 o.d. in thickness at base and 0.08 in height midway. Wall prismatic, thickened near cen- tral bulge about aboral margin; soft in texture and easily deformed. To its sticky surface many foreign objects, not coccoliths, adhere, but are not built into the wall. L., total, 540. D., oral, 102; midway, 90; aboral, 31 /jl. At Sta. 4571, in California Current; at 71°; 1 lorica. Dattjrella ora Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, fig. 2 Lorica elongated, slightly subconical, as a whole an inverted, trun- cated cone of 10°; 4.0 o.d. Oral margin very abruptly and strongly everted and slightly recurved as a brim 0.2 o.d. in width, with overhang extending subhorizontally from shaft, 4.5 aboral diameters in diameter. Suboral or nuchal constriction below brim, very marked, 0.6 o.d., narrowest at 0.12 o.d. below brim. Suboral expansion abrupt, immedi- ately below suboral constriction, widest (0.76 o.d.) at 0.35 o.d. below oral brim. Shaft with slight median bulge, widest (0.56 o.d.) at 1.8 o.d. below oral margin. Upper shaft a truncated cone of not over 5°, and the lower an inverted truncated cone of 7°; at 0.66 o.d. above aboral margin contracting to a feebly differentiated cylindrical pedicel 0.33 o.d. in diameter, with scarcely any aboral flare. Fins 4, subequidistant, subvertical, extending 0.85 t.l., widest midway of their length, de- current at either end, 0.06 o.d. in height; a few short, subvertical lines, or creases, in wall of suboral constriction, possibly representing un- developed fins. Wall prismatic and slightly thickened in suboral con- striction. L., total, 310. D., oral, 90; midway, 52; aboral, 22M. At Sta. 4724, in Drift; at 79°; 4 loricse. Daturella recta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 28, fig. 1 Lorica elongated, tubular, slightly subconical as a whole; 3.7 o.d. Oral margin with a strong, horizontal, everted, recurved circumoral rim, 0.05 o.d. wide and 1.67 aboral diameters in diameter. Suboral 378 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology funnel concave, trumpet-shaped, 0.28 t.l., an inverted, truncated, cone of 18°. Shaft with faint median bulge, widest (0.75 o.d.) a little below middle, with diameter of 0.67 o.d. at narrowest part a little above bulge, and 0.6 o.d. aborally on feebly developed pedicel. Aboral margin angular and irregular (possibly broken). Fins 7, low, longitudinal, extending vertically full length of lorica from aboral margin to oral rim; widest midway, decurrent below rim, equidistant, with wall be- tween flattened or slightly concave, shaft heptagonal in cross section. Wall thickened at middle of lorica, bulge being due in large part to increase of wall material; 0.05-0.07 o.d. in thickness. L., total, 215. D., oral, 60; midway, 50; aboral, 45^- At Sta. 4717, in Galapagos Eddy; at 75°; 6 loricse. Daturella stramonium Kofoid and Campbell Page 28, fig. 13 Lorica short, trumpet-shaped, with much suboral flare and median bulge; 4.30-5.90 (5.07) o.d. Oral margin with narrow, horizontal, everted but not recurved brim, 0.02 o.d. in width and 3.1-4.0 aboral diameters in diameter. Suboral flare convex, bowl-shaped, 0.33-0.50 o.d. in length, in the form of a deep soup plate, or a convex, truncated, inverted cone of 24-38°, excluding rim, 0.5 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.64-0.70 of oral. Shaft narrowly vase-shaped, with pre- median bulge to greatest diameter of 0.67-0.74 o.d., at 0.35-0.50 t.l. below rim. Shaft subcylindridal above and an inverted, truncated, slightly convex cone of 12-17° below, with scarcely emergent pedicel below. Pedicel 0.50-0.75 o.d. in length, and 0.25-0.28 in diameter. Aboral flare feebly developed, a truncated cone of 5-11°, with length less than aboral diameter; in some loricae again contracted distally for 0.33 aboral diameter in an inverted truncated cone of 20°, giving knob-like appearance to this region, but in some lorica? this terminal contraction slight. Aboral margin entire or undulating with fins extending beyond margin as blunt points. Aboral diameter at widest part 0.25-0.39 o.d. Fins 6-8, subequidistant, ribbon-like, extending upward 0.93 t.l. in a leiotropic course, arising at aboral margin or 0.3 aboral diameter above it, increasing evenly to an angle of 12-43° in uppermost part, nearly vertical in middle, becoming dextrotropic posteriorly for 1.0-1.5 aboral diameters, with a deflection of 15-18°; wider midway, decurrent above and below, falling short of rim about 0.1 o.d., reaching or even extending beyond aboral margin, or falling KOFOID AttD CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 379 short by O.G aboral diameter. Wall prismatic, soft in texture, easily deformed, though not so much so as in other species, its surface covered with varying amount of foreign detritus, never built into wall, never with coccoliths, thickening in bulge, and about aboral orifice. Animal with 2 oval, faintly refractive macronuclei, each 18 by 20/jl, and 18 (16) membranelles. One individual at Sta. 4701 was seen in division, a new membranelle zone appearing laterally. Five lorica?: L., total, 369^70 (418.8); fins, 347-416 (383.0). D., oral, 85-88 (86.6) ; midway, 55-65 (59.6); aboral, 22-36 (27.1) fx. One lorica was 315m in length, with an oral diameter of 92ju; obviously flattened. At 21 stations, viz., at 4, l, 1, 3, 2, 2, and 8, respectively, in Mexican, Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-85 (75.7)°; 24 lorica?. Daturella striata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 30, fig. 1 Lorica elongated, tapering, as a whole an inverted, truncated cone of 6-7°; 3.70-5.67 (5.10) o.d. Margin with flaring, feebly developed, but not reflexed rim, 1.67-2.40 aboral diameters in diameter. Suboral flare funnel-shaped, inverted, truncated, concave cone of 25-45°, 0.20-0.34 t.l. Shaft subcorneal, as a whole inverted, truncated cone of not over 5°, subcylindrical above, swollen near middle to 0.5-0.6 o.d., below bulge inverted truncated cone of 8-14°, contracting in lower end into imperfectly localized pedicel 1 o.d. in length, with slight aboral flare in truncated cone of not over 10°, 0.5 o.d. in length. Aboral margin entire, or slightly crenulated, with 12-16 serrations at end of striae. Stria? 12-16, longitudinal, regularly spaced, subvertical an- teriorly and slightly dextrotropic below middle, more strongly de- veloped aborally, becoming indistinct above, and finally disappearing at 0.95-0.98 t.l. from aboral rim. Wall made up of fine prisms, 10-16 between striae; uniformly thin, except for slight thickening midway. Wall soft, delicate, generally deformed in our collections. Foreign bodies freely agglomerated on its outer surface. Three lorica?: L., total, 190-280 (243.0). D., oral, 44-65 (53.2); midway, 25-35 (32.0); aboral, 21-30 (26.5) m- At 7 stations, viz., at 1, 2, and 4, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, and Drift; at 69-84 (76.4)°; 9 lorica?. 380 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 49. SALPINGELLA Jorgensen emended Kofoid and Campbell emended Salpingella, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 346-347 (see also Rhabdosella). Salpingella (subgenus) K. and C, 1929, p. 349. Salpingellinse with elongated nail-, brad-, or trumpet-shaped loricse; oral rim entire; suboral funnel present; shaft tapering or cylindrical above and inverted conical below; terminal aboral cylinder sometimes present; aboral end contracted, always open; shaft with vertical or spiral fins for part or whole of its length; wall hyaline, homogeneous, without evident primary structure; marine, eupelagic, mainly in tropical seas. Type species Salpingella acuminata (Clapa- rede and Lachmann) Jorgensen emended K. and C, from the North Sea off Glesnsesholm, Norway. One of the highest developments of the very diversified Tintinnidse, as shown in elongated form, open posterior end, flaring collar, and spiral fins. Elongation and open aboral end are found also in Daturella, Salpingacantha, and Eutintinnus. Daturella and Salpingacantha also have fins. Daturella differs from Salpingella in having strongly de- veloped prismatic structure, and fins extending whole length of lorica, a character in some species of Salpingella, but its pronounced pris- matic structure, lack of differentiated collar, and less regular fins serve to distinguish it. Most species of Salpingella have a clearly differen- tiated collar, except lineata and laminata, but no species of Daturella has one. The thicker, softer, easily deformable wall of Daturella also stands in rather sharp contrast to the rigid wall of Salpingella. Princi- pal difference between Salpingella and Salpingacantha is in character of oral margin, undulating or sharply toothed in the latter and always entire in Salpingella. Eutintinnus differs from Salpingella in having neither fins nor a highly differentiated collar, and in the wide open posterior end. Jorgensen's opinion that these toothed species of Salpingacantha are artifacts of species of Salpingella is as yet un- proven. At least two lines of differentiation emerge from Salpingella into other genera. Thus, the development of facets, separated by angles instead of fins, results in Rhabdosella. In the other line, repre- sented in the genus Epicranella, the development of a suboral necklace results from a modification due to fusion and symmetrical shaping of uppermost ends of the longitudinal ridges. Both genera have a basic Salpingella-like form with superposition of features differentiating them from Salpingella. Epicranella is foreshadowed in Salpingella by suboral ridges, which occur in jvgosa, and by extension of fins in KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 381 costata and regulata onto the collar. Retraction of elevated fins in Salpingella to mere angles and flattening of interlamellar regions into plane facets assists in bringing about the generic characteristics of Rhabdosella. Established by Jorgensen (1924, p. 13) who included in it all trumpet-like or nail-shaped, finned loricse with contracted aboral regions but with open aboral end which had been included in Tin- tinnus by Claparede and Lachmann (1858), Entz, Sr. (1884), Daday (1887b), Brandt (1906, 1907), and Laackmann (1909). We (1929) ex- cluded as Salpingacantha all loricse with toothed or crenulated oral margin, and as Epicranella all with suboral necklace. At that time we included Rhabdosella in Salpingella as a subgenus with facets. We now raise this subgenus to generic rank. Salpingella, as thus delimited, is a homogeneous, coherent group of species which have clearly differentiated along their own sharply marked genetic lines. The genus Salpingacantha, in part at least, parallels Salpingella. Contains 25 species, of which 17 are present in Expedition material; 2 others originally included in Rhabdosella as a subgenus of Salpingella are excluded. Of these 17 species, 4 are here described, viz., incurva, laminata, sinistra, and tuba, and 9 others were previously (1929) described by us. Subdivided into 3 series: the lineata series, including lineata, laminata, curta, decurtata, faurei, costata, acuminatoides, laackmanni, and secata; the minutissima series, including, minutissima, altiplicata, sinistra, attenuata, acuminata, alata, ricta, gracilis, and tuba; and the rotundata series, including rotundata, subconica, incurva, jugosa, expansa, glockentogeri, and regulata. Salpingella acuminata (Claparede and Lachmann) Jorgensen, emended Kofoid and Campbell Plate 33, fig. 7 Tintinnus acuminatus, Reichenow, 1927, p. 65, fig. 815. Lorica moderately stout, trumpet-shaped, in some loricse slightly tapering, or even curved; 7.0-11.6 (8.3) o.d. Oral margin slightly thickened, rounded, a bit incurved, and rarely slightly recurved, with asymmetrical sigmoid outline. Suboral funnel truncated, inverted, concave cone of 54-67°, and 0.04-0.16 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.4-0.5 o.d. Shaft subcylindrical, 4.75-6.00 o.d. in length, tapering a little from throat 0.4-0.5 o.d. in diameter, decreasing aborally evenly and regularly, without local inflation or constriction in inverted, truncated 382 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology cone of not over 5°. Aboral region 2.25-3.00 o.d. in length, finned, contracting in a convex, inverted, truncated cone, increasing to 10°, except for tip, which contracts more abruptly (20-40°) for very short distance. Shaft rarely beset with regularly spaced, circular coccoliths of Syracosphsera (Brandt, pi. 67, fig. 1) confined to middle region of lorica. Aboral opening without differentiated projecting aboral cylinder, 0.13 o.d. in diameter. Fins 6-9, 0.18-0.35 (0.28) t.l., de- current at both ends, subvertical anteriorly and leiotropic posteriorly (6°), or sometimes slightly leiotropic throughout (5-7°), widest toward middle. Wall with fine prisms are recorded by Brandt (pi. 68, fig. 5a), thickest in collar, thinning in shaft. Animal with 2 globular macronuclei, each 9/jl in diameter, and 2 micronuclei, each 1.5/i in diameter. Sometimes 3 or 4 macronuclei are present, prior to fission. Wailes (1925, pi. 2, fig. 28) figures 10 membranelles on one side. Closing-apparatus, figured by Entz, Jr. (1908, pi. 5, fig. 3), some distance below nuchal level. The animal accumulates siderophile granules below the cytopharnyx, prior to fission. Hofker (1931b, pp. 394-396) conjectures that acuminata is a transition form between the Urostylidse and the genus Laboea; all of which he places in the order Hypotricha. In this he completely disregards, for one thing, the differences in structure of the membranelles (cf. Campbell, 1930) in the Hypotricha and in the Tintinnoinea. In about 60% of the lorica? of this species observed by the junior author in a surface plankton collection off La Jolla, California, an association with diatoms of the genus Gramatophora occurred. The diatoms formed a cuirass, or collar, embracing upper 0.3 of shaft. In two loricse there was a double row of diatoms. The diatoms were alive and had nuclei, as did also the tintinnids. They were not built into the loricse and could easily be dislodged by pressure, so that the associa- tion is probably a casual one. Ten lorica? : L., total, 225-338 (302.8); fins, 63-130 (105.0). D., oral, 28-40 (36.4); midway, 14-20 (17.8) m- Varies from 225 to 338 (302.8) n in Pacific material. These quite variable dimensions suggest correlation of length with temperature, smaller individuals appearing in warmer waters. At 43 stations, viz., at 3, 4, 4, 6, 4, 2, and 20, respectively, in Cali- fornia, Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 68-85 (76)°; 154 loricse. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINT1XXOINEA 383 Salpingella attenuata (Jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 33, figs. 5, 6 S. secata, K. and C, partim, 1929, p. 348, fig. 683 (for p. 355 see S. secata). S. acuminata, Hofker, 1931b, pp. 387-388. Lorica very elongated, slender nail-shaped, tapering in aboral 0.14- 0.24; 8.86-10.00 (9.35) o.d. Oral margin slightly thickened, slightly incurved, without distinct horizontal rim. Suboral funnel low, in- verted, concave, truncated cone of 55-60°, 0.04 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.45-0.50 o.d. Shaft cylindrical anteriorly, gradually tapering pos- teriorly, 0.96 t.l. Anterior cylindrical portion 0.76-0.86 t.l., 0.45-0.50 o.d. in diameter. Aboral region of shaft 0.14-0.24 t.l., a truncated cone of 6-8°, without distal local expansion. Diameter of truncated antapex 0.1 o.d. Aboral cylinder indistinct, sometimes projecting below fins. Fins 5-7, very low, blade-like, decurrent at both ends, 0.18-0.36 t.l., usually vertical or rarely slightly dextrotropic (5°), aris- ing somewhat above antapex and terminating at, or beyond, anterior end of aboral cone. Wall thicker in collar than in shaft. Animal with 2 large oval macronuclei, each 8 by 12 yu. In one individual one macro- nucleus was larger, had a transverse reconstruction band, and was evidently in an early phase of division. Cytosome quite large, filling 0.8 of lumen, extending to aboral end. Hofker (1931b) counted 20 membranelles. Eight loricse: L., total, 248-313 (288.0). D., oral, 27-33 (30.8); midway, 11-15 (12.1)/*. Larger in Mediterranean (Jorgensen, 1924, p. 14, 433 /jl), in correla- tion with lower temperatures there as compared with those at which our material was collected. At 7 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 2, 1, and 2, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, Easter Island and Galapagos eddies, and Drift; at 71-83 (76)°; 19 lories. Salpingella curta Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, figs. 7, 9 Lorica like a small, stout test tube with blunt pointed end; 5.6-7.7 (6.2) o.d. Oral margin thin, up-turned. Suboral funnel a very low, inverted, truncated, barely concave cone of 50-60°, 0.05 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.8 o.d. Shaft 0.9 t.l., cylindrical in anterior 0.75 t.l., with 384 BULLETIN": MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY diameter uniformly 0.8 o.d., merging gradually posteriorly into aboral cone. Aboral region truncated, slightly convex, inverted cone of 33°, contracting evenly and regularly toward antapex. Aboral cylinder 0.12 o.d. in diameter, with length 0.5 its diameter. Fins 6, blade-like, sub vertical, or leiotropic (8-10°), decurrent at both ends, 0.35 t.L, extending a little distance on lower shaft. Wall uniform in thickness, except for thickening in aboral cone. Closing-apparatus low, conical, located 0.5 o.d. below rim. Animal with 2 oval or spherical macro- nuclei, each 5 by 8;u, body filling 0.8 of lorica. Five loricse: L., total, 79-93 (87.2) ; from rim to origin of fins, 47-65 (57.8); from fins to aboral end, 26-32 (29.5). D., oral, 12-15 (14.0); midway, 9-13 (11.2); aboral, 2/j.. The fins were leiotropic (8-10°) in one of our loricse. A lorica from Sta. 4734 had a slight nuchal constriction and a submedian inflation, as in laminata. At 7 stations, viz., at 1, 1, and 5, respectively, in Peruvian Current, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 73-81 (76.7)°; 12 loricse. Salpingella expansa Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, fig. 10 Lorica elongated brad-shaped with truncated conical head; 11.6 o.d. Oral aperture with slightly thickened, not everted rim. Suboral funnel steep, tall, 0.04 t.L, inverted, truncated cone of 45°, slightly convex or slightly concave outwardly, with 4 short equidistant, decur- rent suboral fins originating below brim of collar and running vertically down shaft for slightly more than oral diameter, highest (not exceeding 0.15 o.d.) at nuchal level, midway of length. Nuchal diameter 0.67 o.d. Shaft subcylindrical in anterior 0.96 t.L, without local changes in con- tour, changing to convex conical posteriorly. Posterior conical portion 0.33 t.L, inverted, truncated cone of 8°, with slight distal inflation, with abrupt, rounded aboral end below, with projecting aboral cylinder 0.11 o.d. in diameter and 0.33 as long as wide. Aboral fins 6, very low, decurrent at both ends, 0.43 t.L, subvertical and terminating anteriorly near lower end of cylindrical portion. Two loricse: L., total, 376-396; fins, 165. D., oral, 36-39; throat, 23; aboral cylinder, 5/x. At Sta. 4699, in Easter Island Eddy; at 75°; 1 lorica. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 385 Salpingella faurei Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, fig. 1 Lorica quite elongated brad-shaped; 7.6-12.5 (10.4) o.d. Oral margin not peripherally everted or locally thickened as specialized rim. Suboral funnel well developed as truncated, inverted, concave cone of 56°; 0.06 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.6 o.d. Shaft 0.94 t.l., cylindrical anteriorly, tapering posteriorly. Anterior tubular portion 0.54-0.56 t.l., circular in cross section, uniformly 0.6 o.d. in diameter. Aboral region 0.38-0.40 t.l., decreasing evenly in diameter, an inverted, trun- cated cone of 10-12°, with straight sides. Antapex truncated, open, without [?] terminal cylinder. Aboral diameter 0.12-0.19 o.d. Fins 7-9, 0.3 t.l., vertical or slightly leiotropic (8°), low, narrow, decurrent at both ends, and widest slightly below middle. Wall thickest in rim of collar and uniformly about half as thick elsewhere. Closing- apparatus conical, near throat. Animal with 2 oval, round, or even asymmetrical macronuclei, each 5 by 6/x. Cytosome filling 0.8 of lorica. Seven loricse: L., total, 130-210 (155.4); to origin of fins, 98-152 (111.9) ; from origin of fins to aboral end, 28-53 (40.1). D., oral, 11-18 (14.9) ; midway, 7-9 (8.5); aboral end, 1-3 (2.3) m- At 12 stations, viz., at 1, 3, 1, 1, and 6, respectively, in California and Mexican currents, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 71-84 (78.9)°; 21 loricse. Salpingella glockentogeri (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 33, figs. 15, 16 Lorica much elongated, slender trumpet-shaped, with low flaring collar and shaft of uniform diameter in anterior 0.7 t.l., enlarged posteriorly; 8.3-11.2 (9.9) o.d. Oral margin everted horizontally into brim, with incurved edge, and thin definite rim. Suboral funnel low, widely flaring, an inverted, truncated cone of 90-105°, with sides asymmetrically concave outwardly, greatest diameter 1.08 o.d., and length 0.05-0.07 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.35-0.40 o.d. Shaft very elongated, 0.93-0.95 t.l., 0.35-0.40 o.d. in diameter, uniform in anterior 0.7 t.l., or decreasing evenly as an inverted cone of 2° to pos- terior end of anterior portion. Aboral region always enlarged to not over 0.4 o.d. at 0.9 t.l. from anterior end of lorica, rounding off abruptly posteriorly to aboral cylinder, as long as wide, and 0.18-0.20 o.d. in diameter. Fins' 5-7, very low, blade-like, decurrent at both 38G bulletin: museum of comparative zoology ends, 0.20-0.34 t.l., arising just above aboral cylinder, subvertical or leiotropic 5-12° from vertical axis, less than 0.1 o.d. in width at widest level (Brandt, pi. 68, fig. 1). Wall thickest in rim of collar, uniformly thinner elsewhere. Animal with 2 ovoidal, dense macro- nuclei, each 7 by 12/x. Three loricse: L., total, 300-392 (341.0). D., oral, 35-37 (36.0); midway, 12-14 (13.1); inflation, 12-18 (14.0) ». At 2 stations, viz., at 1 each in Peruvian Current and Panamic Area; at 69-75°; 7 loricse. Salpingella gracilis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 33, fig. 9 Lorica very elongated, very slender, tapering, trumpet-shaped, thin, and delicate; 9.8-13.3 (11.6) o.d. Oral margin slightly recurved in a thickened circumoral rim. Suboral funnel very low, rather wide, an inverted, truncated, deeply and asymmetrically concave cone of 98-110°; 0.05 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.37-0.40 o.d. Outer surface of suboral cone of some loricse with faint incipient ridges with a slight leiotropic twist. Shaft very narrow, elongated, tapering; its length 0.95 t.l. ; its diameter, 0.37-0.40 o.d. at throat, decreasing evenly and regularly (2°), without local contractions or inflation to truncated, narrow aboral end, less than 0.1 o.d.; 0.34-0.36 o.d. in diameter mid- way of total length. Aboral. cylinder rather indistinct. Fins 7-9, low, narrowly decurrent at both ends, 0.36-0.44 t.l., either leiotropic (3-6°) or vertical, very indistinct in some lorica?. Wall uniformly very thin, except in thicker collar. Animal with 2 (3) round macronuclei, each 6 by 8m- The individual with 3 macronuclei in an early phase of fission, with one macronucleus with a transverse reconstruction band. Five loricse: L., total, 320-434 (395.8); finned aboral region, 70-120 (93.0). D., oral, 34-37 (35.2); midway, 10-12 (11.0) m- At 7 stations in Drift; at 72-81 (75.8)°; 13 lorica-. Salpingella incurva spec. nov. Plate 33, fig. 8 Lorica very stout, shaped like a short brad with a rounded head; 6.6 o.d. measured on rounded rim. Oral margin thin, incurved, oral opening 0.89 diameter of widest part of convex region below it. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 387 Suboral funnel bowl-shaped, with incurved margin, its lower part an inverted, truncated, convex cone of 55°, its length 0.0(5 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.8 of greatest diameter above, or 0.9 o.d. Shaft subcyl- indrical in its upper 0.6, a convex, truncated, inverted cone of (20°) in its lower 0.4, forming aboral cone. Aboral end rounded, truncated, 0.2 of suboral diameter in diameter. No terminal cylinder. Fins 7, subvertical, decurrent at both ends, 0.35 t.l., widest (0.07 o.d.) near middle. Wall thickest in suboral bulge. ~ L., total, 135; aboral cone, 45. D., oral, 20; suboral bulge, 22; shaft midway, 17 /jl. At Sta. 4717, in Galapagos Eddy; at 75°; 1 lorica. Salpingella jugosa Kofoid and Campbell Plate 33, fig. 17 Lorica moderately stout nail-shaped; 7.0-14.2 (8.4) o.d. Oral margin thickened, everted, with projecting brim 0.06 o.d. in width. Suboral funnel low, bowl-shaped, inverted, truncated cone of 53°, 0.07 t.l., with straight sides, with 6-7 narrow, equidistant, leiotropic (28-33°) surface ridges on outer surface, decurrent posteriorly and stronger anteriorly, below oral brim, extending on to upper end of shaft not over 0.5 o.d. Nuchal diameter 0.50-0.55 o.d. Shaft 0.93 t.l., cylindrical anteriorly, tapering posteriorly; anterior cylindrical part 0.67 t.l., its diameter uniformly that (0.50-0.55 o.d.) of throat; pos- terior 0.33 of shaft tapering, an inverted, truncated, distally convex cone of 15°, increasing to 25° near antapex. Aboral end without a projecting aboral cylinder, its distal diameter 0.09 o.d. Fins 6-7, 0.3-0.4 t.l., sometimes slightly longer than aboral cone, leiotropic (10°) in anterior 0.3, subvertical posteriorly, low, blade-like, and decurrent at both ends, with greatest width midway. Wall thicker in collar and uniformly thinner in shaft. Animal with 2 large oval macronuclei, 10 by 16/x. Four loricse: L., total, 312-396 (345.0); aboral conical section, 100-125 (110.0). D., oral, 38^9 (42.5); midway, 20-21 (20.2) M. At 4 stations, viz., at 1, 2, and 1, respectively, in Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 74-80 (77)°; 4 loricse. 388 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Salpingella laminata spec. nov. Plate 33, fig. 1 Amphorella obliqua, partirn, Daday, 1887b, pp. 541-542 (see also Tintinnus obliquus and Salpingella lineata. S. lineata, K. and C, partirn, 1929, p. 354, fig. 678. See also S. lineata (Entz, Sr.). Lorica stout, test tube-shaped; 4.9 o.d. Oral margin slightly flaring to thin edge, without thickened circumoral rim. Suboral funnel not differentiated from shaft, contracting gradually below rim in inverted cone of 15°, for 0.5 o.d. in length. Shaft subcylindrical in anterior 0.66, contracting to 0.77 o.d. at 0.26 t.l. from oral margin, increasing evenly to maximum diameter (1.0 o.d.) at 0.6 t.l. Aboral region form- ing posterior 0.34 of shaft, truncated, inverted, convex cone of 22°. Antapical cylinder 0.25 o.d. in diameter with length 0.5 its diameter. Fins 4, equal, equidistant, vertical, blade-like on posterior 0.4 t.l., arising just above aboral cylinder, widening on aboral cone to 0.14 o.d. in height, and continuing vertically as low ridges, almost vanishing midway, widening again to 0.04 o.d. in height below oral rim. Wall uniformly thin throughout. Animal with 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei, 6 by 4/x, and 2 small spheroidal micronuclei. L., total, 73. D., oral, 15; shaft, least diameter, 12, greatest, 14; aboral, 3.5 ju. Included by us (1929, p. 354, fig. 678) in lineata (Entz, Sr.). Since Entz's figure (1884, pi. 24, fig. 21) shows no everted oral rim and has 10 aboral fins or striae instead of 4 full-length ones, we now separate Pacific material from that of Entz from Mediterranean. Daday (1887b, pp. 541-542) included Amphorella obliqua based on Claparede and Lachmann's (1858, pi. 9, fig. 1) Tintinnus obliquus as a synonym of his Tintinnus inquilinus var. lineatus Entz, Sr. We are not in agree- ment with this decision, since Tintinnus obliquus, as figured by Clapa- rede and Lachmann (1858, pi. 9, fig. 1), lacks fins or striae, which are present on Entz's lorica. Accordingly, we leave obliquus Clap, and Lach. in Tintinnus sensu stricto with closed aboral end and associate with it inquilinus which has also a closed aboral end. In so doing we have also removed obliquus from Bursaopsis, in which genus we (1929) had placed it. For a discussion of this complicated situation see the synonymy of the genus Tintinnus. At Sta. 4701 and 4709, in Drift; at 72°; 2 lorica?. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TIXTIXXOIXEA 389 Salpixgella mixutissima Kofoid and Campbell Plate 33, fig. 4 Lorica minute, depauperate, stout brad-shaped, with a very short shaft and short low fins; 3.3 o.d. Oral margin with thickened, periph- erally everted rim. Suboral funnel widely flaring, inverted, trun- cated, slightly concave cone of 50°, 0.09 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.5 o.d. Shaft stout, 0.91 t.l., cylindrical in anterior 0.63 t.l., merging below in aboral cone, uniformly 0.5 o.d. in diameter. Aboral region 0.37 t.l., tapering, convex-sided, inverted, truncated cone of 21°. Aboral termi- nal cylinder inconspicuous, slightly longer than wide, 0.12 o.d. in diameter. Fins 6, blade-like, decurrent at both ends, arising above aboral cylinder and continuing 0.37 t.l. in a leiotropic course, increas- ing anteriorly to 12°. Wall thickest in collar and uniformly thinner elsewhere. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, each 6 by 9/x. L., total, 112; fins, 63. D., oral, 31; shaft, 12/x. At Sta. 4571, in California Current; at 71°; 1 lorica. Salpixgella ricta Kofoid and Campbell emended Plate 33, fig. 10 S. ricta K. and C, partim, 1929, p. 354, fig. 672 (see also S. tuba). Lorica elongated trumpet-shaped, with a long flare; 6.75-7.60 (7.17) o.d. Oral margin thickened in a horizontally everted rim. Suboral funnel a concave, inverted, truncated cone of 73-78° as a whole, or 45-58° proximally and 95-100° distally; 0.5 o.d., or 0.07 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.26-0.33 (0.29) o.d. Shaft 0.95 t.l., or 0.62-0.80 (0.71) if measured to upper end of finned aboral section. Non-finned section cylindrical or slightly tapering as truncated, inverted cone of 3°. Aboral section finned, inverted, truncated, convex cone of 6-10°. Aboral cylinder very short, 0.5 its diameter in length and 0.06 o.d. in diameter. Fins 7, low, decurrent, 0.20-0.36 t.l., with dexiotropic tor- sion of not over 15° in middle part of course. Wall slightly thicker in funnel than in shaft. Animal filling 0.6 of shaft, with 2 oval macro- nuclei, 10 by 15jii, and 2 small spherical micronuclei located on anterior ends of macronuclei. Two loricse: L., total, 340-390 (365.0); to fins, 225-320 (273.0). D., oral, 50-52 (51.0); midway, 15-17 (16.2)M. As here limited, ricta includes only that part of our original species with narrow, steep funnel and dexiotropic fins as represented in our 390 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology (1929, fig. 672) original figure. This results in modifications of our original description and distributional data. At 7 stations, viz., at 1 and 6, respectively, in Panamic Area and Drift; at 70-81 (76.9)°; 12 loricse. Salpingella rotundata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, fig. 5 Lorica small, with proportions and contour of a test tube; 7.0-8.8 (7.9) o.d. Oral margin thin, without a rim. Suboral funnel low, trun- cated, inverted concave cone of 67°, with asymmetrical sigmoidal out- line, not over 0.06 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.67 o.d. Shaft an almost per- fect cylinder in adoral 0.7 its length, 0.67 o.d. at throat, increasing not over 10% in posterior 0.25 its length, causing a slight distal inflation, further exaggerated by fins. Aboral end subhemispherical, passing abruptly into aboral cylinder, projecting 0.1 o.d. in diameter, as wide as long. Fins 6, very low, vertical, ridge-like, abruptly decurrent some distance above aboral cylinder, 0.29-0.34 t.l. Wall uniformly thin throughout. Closing-apparatus diaphragm-like, in anterior end of shaft 1 o.d. below oral margin. Animal with 2 large oval macronuclei, each 10 by 12 /x, in one individual 10 by 18/x, in a premitotic phase. Three lorica- : L., total, 92-160 (118.6); to origin of fins, 63-100 (82.3); from fins to aboral end, 29-50 (39.3). D., oral, 13-18 (15.0); midway, 10-11 (10.3); aboral, 2.0-2.5 (2.25) m- At 4 stations in Drift; at 73-81 (77)°; 4 loricae. Salpingella secata (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell P13te 33, figs. 2, 3 S. secata, K. and C, partim, 1929, p. 335 (for fig. 683 see S. atlenuata). Lorica very slender trumpet-shaped or shaped like a stout finishing nail; 8.5-14.8 (9.4) o.d. Oral margin circular, very thin, and not everted in a specialized thickened rim, but may be slightly incurved. Suboral funnel an inverted, truncated funnel of 70-77°, 0.047-0.064 t.l., with sides convex above and concave below in a sigmoid outline. Nuchal diameter 0.39-0.50 o.d. Shaft very slender, 0.93-0.95 t.l., with diameter 0.39-0.50 o.d. at throat, cylindrical in upper 0.71-0.88 its length or expanding very slightly (8%) distally above fins. Aboral region a slightly convex cone of 2-3°, increasing to 16° below and 55° at rounded aboral end. Aboral cylinder 0.10-0.14 o.d. in diameter and KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 391 0.8-1.5 its own diameter in length. Fins 7-8, aboral, arising just above aboral cylinder, 0.3 t.l., deeurrent at both ends, very gradually ante- riorly, and ending abruptly posteriorly, widest below middle, sub- vertical in our loricse, but leiotropic in Brandt's (pi. 66, fig. 5). Wall uniformly thin throughout (Brandt, pi. 66, fig. 5). Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, each 9 by 12/x. Two loricse: L., total, 340-408 (374.0). D., oral, 39^0 (39.5); mid- way, 20-21 (20.5); aboral, 5.5m- Rather variable in total length, 340-408// in Expedition's loricse and 260-300/* in Brandt's (1907). At 6 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, and 3 in Mexican Current, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 72-83 (77.3)°; 10 loricse. Salpingella sinistra spec. nov. Plate 33, fig. 14 Lorica slender, trumpet-shaped; 9.25 o.d. Oral margin without everted, locally thickened specialized rim. Suboral funnel a low, in- verted, truncated, concave cone of 80°, 0.33 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.5 o.d. Shaft cylindrical, 7.4 o.d. in length, with a slight taper in distal 0.25 above fins. Aboral cone finned, 1.6 o.d. in length, an inverted, truncated, slightly convex cone of 10°. Aboral cylinder distinct, 0.12 o.d. in length and width. Fins 7, well developed, blade- like, on aboral cone, deeurrent at both ends, 1.5 o.d. in length, leio- tropic, 7° from vertical. Wall thicker in funnel and uniformly thinner elsewhere. L., total, 245; aboral cone, 45. D., oral 26; midway, 12/x. At Sta. 4703 in Drift; at 73°; 1 lorica. Salpingella subconica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 35, fig. 5 Lorica quite stout and brad-shaped; 5.4-8.8 (7.9) o.d. Oral aperture circular, not thinned down to a delicate margin, lacking locally thick- ened circumoral rim. Suboral funnel, a truncated, inverted, steep cone of 42-65°, quite concave outwardly; 0.06-0.08 t.l. Nuchal diameter 0.8-0.9 o.d. Shaft cylindrical anteriorly and tapering pos- teriorly. Anterior shaft 0.66-0.75 t.l., its diameter uniformly that of throat, 0.8-0.9 o.d. Posterior shaft an inverted, truncated, asymmetri- cally convex cone of 15-18°. Aboral orifice 0.2 o.d. in diameter, circular, 392 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology not projecting as a distinct aboral cylinder. Fins 7, rarely 8, low, blade- like, deeurrent at both ends, 0.33-0.40 t.l., with greatest width (0.16 o.d.) midway, subvertical or dextrotropic (9-12°), more sharply twisted toward aboral end. Wall uniform in thickness throughout. Closing-apparatus conical, at base of collar. Animal with 2 spherical, ovoid, or irregular macronuclei, 5 by 5/i, 7 by 10^, and 6 by 14/u, re- spectively, in different individuals. In one lorica a clear-walled, cyst- like body was located in oral end of shaft. Attached to some loricre (Sta. 4587) are diatoms of the genus Gramatophora, encircling upper 0.3 of shaft, as in acuminata. Ten loricse: L., total, 138-220 (158.1). D., oral, 17-29 (21.3); mid- way, 13-18/*- At 15 stations, viz., at 2, 2, 4, 2, and 5, respectively, in Mexican and Peruvian currents, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-85 (77.7)°; 31 loricse. Salpingella tuba spec. nov. Plate 33, figs. 11-13 S. ricta K. and C, partim, 1929, p. 354 (for fig. 672 see S. ricta). Lorica slender, elongated, trumpet-shaped, with an unusually wide, low flare; 5.5-6.5 (6.12) o.d. Oral margin thickened in a flattened, recurved rim. Suboral funnel very wide and low, not over 0.05 t.l. or less than 0.33 o.d., a deeply concave, inverted, truncated cone of 125-130°. Nuchal diameter 0.33 o.d. Shaft 0.95 t.l., almost cylindrical or tapering not over 3° to level of aboral fins. Aboral region contracting in an inverted, truncated cone of 3-4°, rounding in abruptly at aboral end. Aboral cylinder clearly differentiated, 0.1 o.d. in length, or 0.75- 1.25 its diameter. Fins 6, low, vertical, or slightly dexiotropic, 0.26- 0.42 t.l., deeurrent aborally with an abrupt dexiotropic torsion. Wall thicker in suboral funnel, twice as thick in finned aboral region, uni- formly thinner in bowl. Outer surface of suboral funnel with minute, faint, close-set longitudinal ruga?, not so distinct as the wrinkles in Eutintinnus rugosus. Animal filling 0.75 of lorica, with 2 oval macro- nuclei, each 10 by 16/z, and 2 adjacent spherical micronuclei, 2.6ju in diameter. Several individuals seen in division with lateral daughter cytostome clearly visible, and macronuclei with typical reconstruction bands, in some cases divided. Large, dense, oval or round bodies not of nuclear structure were found within the cytosome, comparable to those noted by Laackmann (1909, pi. 48, fig. 11) in Daturella gaussi. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 393 Four loricae: L., total, 340-388 (371); finned aboral region, 90-15S (122). D., oral, 60-62 (61); midway, 13-15 (14) n. Included by us (1929) in ricta because of comparable lengths. The structure of the suboral region is, however, so significant in speciation in this genus that we have here separated ricta of our Conspectus into two species, retaining in ricta only those loricse with narrow, long funnels corresponding to our figure (1929, fig. 672) of ricta, and assign- ing those with the wide, low funnel to tuba. At 5 stations, viz., at 1, and 4, respectively, in Galapagos Eddy and Drift; at 69-75 (72.2)°; 4 loricse. 50. SALPINGACANTHA Kofoid and Campbell Salpingellinse with lorica elongated, attenuated posteriorly, generally a nail-shaped, posteriorly truncated, tapering tube, 6.4-13.6 o.d. in length; oral margin with (2) 3-7 or 12 blunt or short, triangular, flaring, erect, or incurved teeth; collar usually about 0.5 o.d. in length, funnel- or bowl-shaped, inverted, truncated subconical (33-50°), or forming only swollen bases of teeth; shaft elongated, cylindrical, or slightly tapering, usually uniform in anterior 0.5-0.8 t.l., sometimes swollen in middle; aboral region a narrow, inverted, truncated cone of 6-22°, fins 5-(7) 8, decurrent, low, blade-like, 0.20-0.52 t.l.; antapex with or without distinct terminal cylinder, always open; wall hyaline, undiffer- entiated; length, 90-400 yu; panoceanic, arctic to tropical seas. Type species Salpingacantha undata (Jorg.) K. and C. from off Norway, as first figured by Brandt (pi. 67, fig. 10). Closely resembles Salpingella, but differs from it in that oral margin is toothed or has at least the first phases in the formation of teeth, as in perca, in which they are mere minute marginal extensions of longi- tudinal folds. Parallels Salpingella in presence or absence of terminal cylinder. Toothed oral margin sets it off from Rhabdosella and Epi- cranella. In this genus belongs a small series of species included by Jorgensen (1924) in Salpingella, whose validity he questions, claiming that un- data and unguiculata are artificial forms produced by collapse of collar in certain mounting media (glycerin ?). The view of Jorgensen that the teeth are artifacts resulting from an inward collapse of upper part of suboral funnel induced by reagents such as glycerin, has some facts which support it. They are as follows : First, the loricse in every species are Salpingella-like in every detail. Second, the artifact by collapse is 394 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology suggested by the irregularities in the circumoral lobes or teeth, es- pecially in Brandt's (1906) figures. Third, the number of loricse observed is quite small. In rebuttal, there are several significant facts which convince us that until proved to be caused by reagents, or induced experimentally by aberrant behavior during the finishing touches of lorica formation, these circumoral denticles and lobes should be regarded as normal structures of systematic significance. These facts are as follows: First, the formation of circumoral teeth or of homologous structures of un- questionable normal character occurs in a number of widely separated genera of the Tintinnoinea, as, for example, in Codonella poculum, Codonaria dadayi, Cyttarocylis magna, many species of Cymatocylis, Favella serrata and F. attingata, nearly all species of Parafavella and of Ptychocylis, Petalotricha serrata, Xystonella scandens, Xystonellopsis hastata, Dictyocysta spinosa, Odontophorella serrulata, Dadayiclla gany- medes, Stelidiella stelidium, and the subgenus Odontotintinnus of Eutintinnus. In none of these, however, are the projections so large or so few as in Salpingacantha undata, but they easily intergrade in these respects with the circumoral denticles in S. perca and crenulata. There is, therefore, nothing unusual or extraordinary in the denticula- tions of Salpingacantha, except the high level of differentiation attained in undata. In the second place, it is not possible to match up each species of Salpingacantha with one of Salpingella of which it might be a derived artifact. In the third place, the facts of occurrence and distribution are perfectly normal and afford no suggestion either of results of manipulation or of local conditions productive of artifacts. Species of Salpingacantha occur in the same collections with unmodified Salpingella and are not limited in occurrence to glycerin preparations or any group of reagents. The patterns of geographical occurrence are in no sense peculiar. The small number of individuals met with are paralleled in other highly differentiated genera of the Salpingellinse, as, for example, in Epicranella. The regularity of denticulation in our species of Salpingacantha, such as in perca and crenulata, is also greater than in undata and unguiculata as figured by Brandt (1906). This elim- inates to a large extent the argument for artifact raised by his figures. For these reasons we (1929) concluded that Salpingacantha is a valid genus. Includes 7 species, of which 6 are present in Expedition material. Of these 6, 4 are described from Expedition material, and one other was given a new name by us (1929). Contains 1 series: perca, crenulata, exilis, simplex, unguiculata, ampla, and undata. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 395 Salpixgacaxtha ampla Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, fig. 13 Lorica elongated wire nail-shaped, but stout, due to sustained width of shaft; 10.7-13.2 (11.7) o.d. Oral margin with 5-8 low, claw-like, short, wide, triangular, inrolled, uniform sized teeth, with concave sides, 0.3 o.d. in length, with thickened margins. Oral margin rolled inwardly in interdental spaces in a deep spiral roll of greater extent and curvature than that shown by teeth, forming folds into cavity of collar at oral entrance. Teeth are not so large as those of undata. Sub- oral region subpolyhedral in cross section. Collar bowl-shaped because of incurvature of margin, 0.1 t.l., with convex sides bulging outwardly between teeth ; below incurved circumoral rim with form of an inverted, truncated, convex cone of 30°. Nuchal diameter 0.6 o.d. Surface of collar with 4 or 6 longitudinal, decurrent, equidistant ridges, each 0.15-0.18 t.l., with upper ends some distance below oral margin, ex- tending short distance down on shaft. Shaft elongated subcylindrical in upper 0.6, and an inverted, truncated cone below, its diameter 0.6 o.d. in nuchal region, increasing evenly to 0.7 below middle, circular in cross section at all levels. Posterior 0.4 of shaft an attenuated aboral cone of 16° contracting below in 20°, its diameter decreasing evenly to truncated posterior cylinder, with length less than diameter (0.12 o.d.), in some lorica? with a slight antapical flare changing cylinder to a small inverted funnel at end of lorica. Aboral fins 5, low, decurrent, blade- like, longitudinal, 0.4 t.l., equidistant, arising just above antapical funnel, slightly leiotropic, deviating from vertical not more than 3° in anterior 0.7, and confined to aboral cone. Wall subuniform in thickness. Animal with 2 subellipsoidal macronuclei, 10 by 11/x. Two lorica*: L., total, 306-358 (323.3). D., oral, 27-28 (27.3); mid- way, 18-19 (18.6) ix. At 2 stations in Drift; at 72-81°; 3 lorica-. Salpixgacaxtha ckexulata Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, fig. 4 Lorica stout brad-shaped; 6.4-7.7 (6.9) o.d. Oral margin incurved and strongly crenulated with 7-12 low, blunt or pointed, incurved teeth. Interdental regions and crenulations without thickened rim. Suboral funnel low, an inverted, truncated cone of 37-40°, 0.05-0.10 t.l., with sides outwardly convex above and straight or concave below, 396 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology without fins or ridges. Nuchal diameter 0.7-0.8 o.d. Shaft a cylinder of 0.7-0.8 o.d. in anterior 0.65 t.L, prolonged posteriorly as an inverted, truncated, convex cone of 18-20°, with subpolygonal cross section, decreasing uniformly aborally. Antapex truncate, 0.18-0.21 o.d. in diameter, vertical edges of adjacent slightly concave facets uniting in fin. Aboral fins 7, longitudinal, low, decurrent, blade-like, 0.35-0.40 t.L, extending to aboral margin, 0.16 o.d. in width, usually leiotropic 5° from the vertical posteriorly, with torsion sometimes increasing near upper end; in some loricse with a distal dexiotropic torsion. No distinct aboral cylinder present. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, 10 by 11/x. Five loricse: L., total, 143-160 (150.0); fins, 40-54 (46.2). D., oral, 18-23 (19.6); midway, 14-16 (15.2) ; aboral, 3-5 (4)M- At 3 stations, in Drift; at 72-75°; 3 loricse. Salpingacantha exilis Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, fig. 11 Lorica very elongated, very slender brad-shaped, with minute collar; 10.0-13.6 (11.8) o.d. Oral margin with 12 regular, equidistant, low, triangular, outwardly flaring, thin teeth. Collar a very low, narrow-rimmed funnel, an inverted, truncated, concave cone of 75°, 0.4 o.d. in length. Nuchal diameter 0.60-0.65 o.d. Shaft a very slender, much elongated, gently tapering tube 0.97 t.L, uniformly tapering in anterior 0.8, an inverted cone of 2°; 0.60-0.65 o.d. in diam- eter at nuchal level, and 0.30-0.33 at anterior end of fins; posteriorly becoming aboral cone, a wider, truncated, inverted cone of 6-7°, 0.2 t.L circular in cross section. Fins on cone 7 (8), very low, equidistant, decurrent, vertical or leiotropic (4°), blade-like. Aboral end simple, open, truncated. No differentiated terminal cylinder. Wall very thin. There is a complex conical diaphragm 0.7-0.9 o.d. below collar. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, 4 by 9/x. Two lorica?: L., total, 147-219; fins, 24-37. D., oral, 14-16; midway, 7-8 m. At Sta. 4648, in Peruvian Current; at 71°; 2 loricse. Salpingacantha perca Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, fig. 12 Lorica short, stout brad-shaped, with full aboral region, 6.9 o.d. Oral margin almost entire, slightly incurved, without emergent teeth, only slightly angled, corresponding to teeth of other species. Angles KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 397 formed by longitudinal folds emerging as rounded elevations with plane or slightly eoncave margin between them. Collar a short funnel, an inverted, truncated, convex cone of 35-40°, 0.06 t.L, with 10 longi- tudinal, equidistant, slightly dexiotropic (6°), decurrent ridges higher anteriorly. Collar a 10-sided polygon in cross section as result of ridges. Nuchal diameter 0.75 o.d. Shaft as a whole 0.94 t.L, anteriorly an elon- gated cylinder in anterior 0.7 t.L, 0.75 o.d. in diameter, its surface free of ridges. Posterior portion an inverted, truncated, convex cone of 22°, 0.3 t.L Antapex truncated, open, 0.19 o.d. in diameter. Aboral fins on surface of posterior cone, 5, low, equidistant, decurrent, equal, vertical, blade-like. Wall very thin. Closing-apparatus conical diaphragm-like, within upper 0.2 of shaft. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, 5 by 8fx, with adjacent spherical micronuclei. L., total, 90. D., oral, 21; shaft, lSju- A second lorica collected by the senior author off Naples in 1908 was 124, 16, and 12/z. Our figure of perca (1929, fig. 690) measures 190 /x in length at the stated magnifi- cation of x 200. The text (p. 357) correctly gives the length at 90 /x. Presents earliest phase in evolution of toothed oral margin where crenulations and denticulations of more highly developed species of the genus are represented only by the slightly emergent rounded ends of the suboral ridges. It differs from the faceted species of Rhabdosella in restriction of facets and ridges to collar region. At Sta. 4709, in Drift; also off Naples (Kofoid); at 72°; 1 lorica. Salpingacantha undata (Jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, figs. 3, 8 "Only an accidental form," Jorgensen, 1924, p. 14. Lorica very large, extremely long, attenuated, nail-shaped, and with a widely expanded, bowl-like collar with 4 (2-6) claw-like teeth; 11.7- 13.6 (12.7) o.d. Oral margin with 4-5 (Brandt, 1907, 2-6) large, sharply pointed, upright, outwardly convex, triangular, equidistant teeth. Interdental margin flattened as it rolls into oral cavity, forming a broad, much incurved shelf between teeth. Collar bowl-shaped, with convex sides, a flaring funnel, an inverted, truncated, very convex cone of 45°, 0.09 t.L, without fins or ridges. Nuchal diameter 0.75 o.d. Shape of oral aperture conditioned by number of teeth, subtriangular, squarish, or subhexagonal. In Brandt's lorica (pi. 67, fig. 4) the collar is merely the slightly expanded foundation upon which teeth are borne, suggesting his var. unguiculatm (pi. 67, fig. 6). We regard the assign- 398 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology ment of this lorica to undata as questionable and refer it to unguiculata. Shaft anteriorly subcylindrical, posteriorly a truncated cone of almost equal length. Anterior part cylindrical, 0.75 o.d. in diameter, 0.5 t.l. Posterior part of shaft an extremely long (0.43 t.l.), inverted, truncated cone of about 8°. Antapex simple, open, less than 0.1 o.d. in diameter. Fins 7 (8), longitudinal, decurrent, leiotropic (2°), equal, equidistant, blade-like, originating at aboral margin; 0.20-0.52 t.l. No differen- tiated aboral cylinder. Wall thin, increasing in collar. Animal with 2 or 4 oval macronuclei, 8 by 12/x; the greater number occurring in individuals in division. Two lories: L., total, 320-400; fins, 76-180. D., oral, 23-35; shaft, 12-13/i. First described by Jorgensen (1899) as a variety of Tintinnus acumi- natus. Given specific rank by Brandt (pi. 67, figs. 3, 4, 10), who first figured it. He recorded 2-6 claw-like teeth and 7-8 fins, and notes lack of aboral cylinder below fins. Part of the material assigned to this species by Laackmann (1909) may belong here, but his figure (pi. 50, fig. 5) is simplex, since it is stouter, lacks much of a collar, and its oral margin is undulant. Meunier (1910, pi. 10, fig. 19) illustrates a lorica with only 2 teeth. This is possibly only a flattened or defective Salpin- gella acuminata, the figure being inadequately delineated and the mag- nification somewhat uncertain. Jorgensen (1924, p. 14) believes that this species is merely an accidental form produced by shrinkage in glycerin (?). Ours were examined in seawater to which formalin had been added. At 2 stations, at 1 each in Easter Island Eddy and Drift; at 68-75°; 2 loricae. Salpingacantha unguiculata (Brandt) Kofoid and Campbell Plate 34, figs. 2, 6 Tintinnus undatus var. unguiculatus Brandt, 1906, p. 32, pi. 67, fig. 11. Lorica very slender, a tapering tube; 10.4-14.5 (12.0) o.d. Oral margin with 5-8 strong, sharp, low, incurved, triangular teeth, each with a broad base twice its length in width, with outwardly concave sides thickened and distinctly rounded. Margins of interdental regions deeply incurved for 0.20-0.24 o.d. and flattened. Brandt (1907, p. 392) finds 3-5 teeth in his material, while ours has 4, 6, or 8 teeth. Below the teeth there is a slight convex outward bulge, 0.5 o.d. in length, forming swollen base of claw-like teeth and completing collar. Nuchal KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTI.WOIXEA 399 diameter 0.8-0.9 o.d. Shaft tubular, nearly uniform in diameter anteriorly for 0.S t.l., its diameter 0.8-0.9 o.d., but sometimes swollen midway of total length to 0.85-1.00 o.d. (Brandt, pi. 67, fig. 2). Aboral region an inverted, truncated, slightly convex cone of 14°, decreasing uniformly to antapex. Fins (7)-8, low, decurrent, nearly vertical or Ieiotropic (6-8°), longitudinal, blade-like, and equidistant, 0.2-0.3 t.l. In individuals with antapical cylinder (Plate 34, fig. 6) fins arise above oral end of cylinder, otherwise (Brandt, pi. 67, fig. 2) only slightly above the simple, truncated, open aboral end. Some loricte have anta- pical cylinder 0.25 o.d. in length, of nearly uniform diameter, resem- bling very closely that of Salpingella secata (Brandt, pi. 66, fig. 5), but relatively longer. "Wall very thin, except for slightly thickened suboral region. Closing-apparatus low conical, diaphragm-like, of several blades in upper 0.1 t.l. Animal with 2 oval macronuclei, each 7 by 12ju, cytosome in one instance containing numerous large, cyst-like food bodies (?). Siderophile material accumulates at time of fission above a lateral frontal-field anlage. Five loricae: L., total, 157-248 (204.0); to fins, 97-200 (141.0); fins, 48-77 (61.7). D., oral, 11-20 (17.0); midwav, 9-14 (11.2); aboral, 3-4 (3.3) /x. At 8 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, and 5, respectively, in California Cur- rent, Panamic Area, Galapagos Eddy, and Drift; at 68-81 (75.6)°; 10 loricae. 51. RHABDOSELLA Kofoid and Campbell Salpingella, partim, K. and C, 1929, pp. 346-347 (see also Salpingella). Rhabdosella (subgenus) K. and C, 1929, p. 347. Salpingellinae with lorica stout trumpet- or nail-shaped; length 4.48- 7.10 o.d.; oral margin entire, rimless, and always polygonal; collar funnel-shaped ; shaft cylindrical or tapering, polygonal in cross section, either wholly or in part; no distinct aboral cylinder; aboral end open; wall with 8-20 facets either for the whole or a part of the length, hya- line, homogeneous; marine, eupelagic in Eastern Tropical Pacific. Type species Rhabdosella cuneolata (K. and C.) from Drift at Sta. 4730. Close to Salpingella in general form and subdivision into suboral funnel, or collar, shaft, and aboral cone. R. cuneolata retains aboral fins characteristic of Salpingella and Salpingacantha. Rhabdosella is unlike either of these in polygonal cross section, either limited to anterior section or extending whole length of lorica. Faceted contour is definite, and angle formed at junction of plane faces never forms 400 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology projecting vertical fins. In cuneolata both suboral facets and aboral fins are present without correlation in number, a condition suggesting that angles between facets and fins are not homologous. There is a lack of any tendency toward development of suboral ridges in the form of a necklace, which distinguishes the related genus Epicranella. The facets suggest the similar feature of Dadayiella, but the lorica is open pos- teriorly, unlike that genus, which always has a closed aboral horn. Facets are developed in Ormosella also, but here again the lorica is closed at the aboral end. The wall is not prismatic or flaccid, as in Daturella, and has a trumpet-like form as against the tube-like one of Eutintinnus. Originally described in subgeneric rank by us (1929) as a part of Salpingella, but now elevated to generic status because of its striking faceted structure, although its relationships with Salpingella are noted. Contains cuneolata and octogtmata from Expedition material. Rhabdosella cuneolata (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 35, fig. 1 Lorica stout trumpet-shaped; 4.6-7.1 (5.3) o.d. Oral margin an 18- to 20-sided polygon, with straight, subequal edges, with no thickened rim and no eversion of margin. Collar a steep funnel 0.15 t.l., inverted, truncated, concave cone of 32-38°, merging gradually into shaft below, with outer surface shaped into 18-20 very faint, longitudinal, subequal facets with longitudinal boundaries marked by angles distinguishable with some difficulty. Both angles and intervening facets continued upon upper shaft to level of 0.33 t.l. below oral margin. Nuchal diam- eter 0.60-0.64 o.d. Shaft subcylindrical above, its length 0.85-0.90 t.l., its diameter above 0.6 o.d., with a polygonal cross section with 18-20 sides, becoming circular posteriorly below level of facets, tapering in posterior 0.3, inverted, truncated, slightly convex aboral cone of 12°. Antapex open, truncated, its diameter 0.06 o.d., not prolonged as dis- tinct aboral cylinder. Fins (5) 6, low, blade-like, subvertical, decurrent at both ends, 0.4 t.l., ending slightly above truncated antapex and ex- tending upon shaft slightly above aboral cone. Wall without pris- matic structure, very thin anteriorly, somewhat thicker toward middle of shaft. The anteriorly faceted wall suggests a correlation in building between number of membranelles and number of facets (20) . Animal with 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei, 5-7 ju by 2-3 /z, each with an adjacent globular micronucleus. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 401 Eight Ioricse: L., total, 163-266 (215.2); collar, 18-37 (27.7); cylin- drical part of shaft, 67-123 (97.5); aboral cone, 63-120 (92.6)/ D., oral, 34-40 (36.4) ; midway, 17-22 (18.9) ju. At 9 stations, viz., at 1, 1, 1, and 6, respectively, in Mexican Current, Panamic Area, Easter Island Eddy, and Drift; at 70-83 (75.5)°; 9 Ioricse. Rhabdosella octogenata (Kofoid and Campbell) Plate 35, fig. 6 Lorica wide, tapering, faceted, trumpet-shaped; 4.48 o.d. Oral margin octagonal, with S straight, equal sides, not thickened in a rim or everted in a brim. Collar low funnel, 0.07 t.l., with outer surface divided into 8 equal plane facets by 8 longitudinal angles, slightly con- cave outwardly, inverted 8-sided pyramid of 50°, with octagonal cross section at all levels. Nuchal diameter 0.62 o.d. Shaft an inverted, elongated, 8-sided pyramid of 10°, with straight sides throughout, 0.75 t.l., decreasing from nuchal diameter (0.62 o.d.) evenly to 0.5 o.d. midway of total length, with surface divided into 8 equal, plane, longi- tudinal facets by 8 equidistant angles. Aboral region 0.25 t.l., continu- ing taper of shaft above, sharply twisted posteriorly in dextrotropic spiral at angle of 5°, increasing toward extremity to 20°, with facets changing from flat to rounded outer surface in twisted region. Antapex rounding off in inverted convex cone of 120°. Aboral end open, trun- cated, with diameter of 0.1 o.d. Wall uniform in thickness. Animal filling lower half of lorica. L., total, 310. D., oral, 80; midway, 40; antapex, 6;u. At Sta. 4730, in Drift; at 79°; 1 lorica. 52. EPICRANELLA Kofoid and Campbell Salpingellinse with rather stout trumpet-shaped Ioricse; 3.37-4.60 o.d. in length; oral margin entire, everted, circular, flaring in a hori- zontal or reflexed brim; collar funnel-shaped, an inverted, truncated cone with an elaborate suboral necklace of spiral ridges connected above by suboral arches; shaft proper cylindrical or subcorneal, usually faceted for a part or the whole of its length; aboral region convex sub- conical, contracting distally usually to terminal aboral cylinder; aboral end open; aboral region with spiral fins; wall hyaline, often with pris- matic structure, especially in suboral region; length 235-348 ai. Eupe- lagic and eubathmic in Eastern Tropical Pacific. Type species Epicra- nella prismatica K. and C. from Sta. 4673 in Peruvian Current. 402 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Epicranella is the climax of the structural evolution of the lorica and of lorica-forming behavior found in the Tintinnidse. Much like Salpingella in structural features, such as suboral funnel, suboral and aboral fins, shaft, and aboral cylinder, but adds to these the suboral connecting arches, which, together with suboral ridges constitute the suboral necklace. This feature and stouter build, especially of aboral end, and faceting of suboral region or entire shaft, at once set it off from that genus. It has facets like Rhabdosella, but the latter lacks a suboral necklace, and Rhabdosella has a different type of aboral end and a less everted circumoral brim. The graceful symmetry and pat- terning of the lorica of this genus are indicative of a high degree of co- ordinated behavior on the part of the two daughter individuals, which presumably share in the shaping of the material of which the lorica is formed during the brief period of its plastic state. Included, when founded by us (1929), 2 species, bella and prismatica, but closer inspection of the material discloses 3 others, de.rtra, bellis- sima, and magnified, in Expedition material. Epicranella bella Kofoid and Campbell Plate 35, fig. 2 Lorica moderately slender screw-shaped, with narrow brim; 4.6 o.d. Oral margin rounded, abruptly everted, reflexed, with pronounced overhanging brim. Diameter of brim 1.94 diameters of shaft midway of its length, or 0.22 t.l. Collar very tall, slender, funnel-shaped, 0.2 t.l., or 1.0 o.d. in length, decreasing in diameter gradually in inverted, truncated, slightly concave cone of 25° as a whole, with diameter of 0.56 o.d. at lower end of cone and 0.85 at upper end below overhanging brim. Outer surface ribbed with 8 posteriorly decurrent, subequal, subequidistant, ascending leiotropic (20°) ridges with length equaling collar, becoming thicker and heavier as they ascend funnel, connecting at upper end one with another by thick, heavy, slightly arching, con- tinuous horizontal beam, with its lower edge sculptured in a series of flattened arches, with an intercostal facet between adjacent ribs. Upper part of necklace hidden by wide, overhanging brim. Shaft proper 0.52 t.l., or 2.3 o.d. in length, cylindrical, with diameter 0.58 o.d. Facets continued for a short distance on upper shaft giving it an octago- nal cross section, but rapidly becoming circular in shaft below. Aboral section tapering distally in inverted, truncated, convex cone of 20° as a whole, increasing to 30° distally; 0.33 t.l., or 1.5 o.d. in length. Aboral end squarely truncate, with diameter 0.13 o.d. Ridges on aboral KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 403 section 8, ascending, decurrent, rather unequal, arising at or near aboral margin and continuing upward with a leiotropic torsion of 20° for aboral 0.3 of their length, decreasing to 10-13° in upper part, thickest and widest near middle, and 0.19-0.34 t.l. Wall very thin generally, thickening at level of deepest portion of concavity of collar and more in rim, with subuniform inner and outer hyaline lamellae and intermediate layer in facets of collar, with 4-6 subhexagonal secondary prisms between ribs. Wall elsewhere translucent and greenish. Animal filling 0.4 of cavity of lorica, with 2 large oval macronuclei, 10 by 16ju, and numerous food bodies. L., total, 312; collar, 50; shaft, 190; fins, 102. D., oral, 68; midway, 35m- At Sta. 4675, in Peruvian Current; at 68°; 1 lorica. Type locality not Sta. 4713 previously reported by us (1929, p. 358) in error, but Sta. 4675. Epicranella bellissima spec. nov. Plate 35, fig. 3 Lorica tall, fairly stout, subcylindrical screw-shaped, with very wide brim; 4.0-4.12 o.d. Oral margin with wide, smoothly rounded, strongly everted, recurved, and overhanging brim with diameter 1.85 diameters of shaft midway of its length, or 0.24 t.l. Collar tall, funnel- shaped, 0.12 t.l., or 0.5 o.d. in length, decreasing evenly and symmet- rically aborally to 0.63 o.d. from 0.81 o.d. below recurved brim, with rather flat sides, except where modified by heavy spiral ribs, forming an inverted, truncated cone of 30-35°. Outer surface of collar ribbed with 12 posteriorly decurrent, subequidistant, ascending leiotropic (27-36°) ridges with a length of 0.6 o.d., arising immediately at, or below, lower end of funnel, becoming thicker and heavier anteriorly, and connecting at oral end one with another by thick, heavy, horizontal, continuous, band-like beam beneath brim, with its lowermost edge sculptured as a series of flattened arches, with flattened intercostal facet between each two ascending ribs. Upper portion of sculptured region partially hidden by overhanging brim, exposed by tipping lorica. Nuchal diameter 0.63 o.d. Shaft 0.47 t.l., or 2.23 o.d. in length, cylindrical, circular in cross section, without facets. Posterior section an inverted, truncated, convex cone of 22° as a whole, increasing to 40° distally, with length 0.41 t.l., or 1.57 o.d. Aboral end 0.13 o.d. in diameter. Aboral region with 7-8 interrupted, ascending, decurrent, leiotropic (27-37°), low folds, with vertical length 0.31-0.35 t.l. Wall very thin, increasing in brim, fairly uniform at other levels, translu- 404 bulletin: museum of compakative zoology cent, greenish, with uniform, homogeneous inner and outer lamellae, and strongly prismatic intermediate substance below suboral necklace, with 14-16 subequal, sharply angular, triangular to hexagonal second- ary prisms in single layer across middle of shaft. Two loricae: L., total, 312-318; funnel, 24-37; shaft, 175-180; folds, 100-114. D., oral, 74-78; midway, 40^. At 2 stations, 1 each in Peruvian Current and adjacent Drift; at 71-72°; 2 loricae. Epicranella magnifica spec. nov. Plate 35, figs. 7, 8 Lorica quite stout, screw-shaped, and with wide flat funnel; 3.37 o.d. Oral margin rounded, widely everted, slightly recurved in projecting brim with diameter 1.94 diameters of shaft midway of length, or 0.27 t.l. Collar tall, funnel-shaped, 0.12 t.l., or 0.46 o.d., inverted, truncated, quite concave cone of 52° measured below brim, decreasing evenly in diameter aborally and merging gradually below with shaft at 0.81 o.d. below recurved brim, with sides gracefully concave with deeper portion of concavity below middle. Outer surface ribbed with 11 posteriorly decurrent, subequidistant, ascending, subvertical to leiotropic (25°) ridges, with subequal lengths of 0.48 o.d., arising below lower end of funnel, becoming thicker and heavier above, and connecting at oral ends below recurved brim one with another by rounded, asymmet- rically curved, raised transverse arches bordering underside of cir- cumoral brim, with flattened intercostal facet enclosed by each arch, with marginal rib on either side. Nuchal diameter 0.61 o.d. Shaft proper 0.6 t.l., or 2.0 o.d. in length, cylindrical, with approximately same diameter (0.6 o.d.) at all levels, circular in cross section, with no trace of facets which make funnel above angular. Aboral cone inverted, truncated, convex cone of 22°, 0.28 t.l., or 1.07 o.d. in length. Aboral end truncated, open, 0.1 o.d. in diameter. Fins on aboral section 8, wide, subequidistant, blade-like, 0.06 o.d. in width at middle, decurrent at both ends, arising at aboral end around its aperture and continuing upward with leiotropic torsion of 23° in lower 0.3, and not over 12° above; 0.29 t.l., or 1.21 o.d. in length. Wall uniformly thin at all levels, highly translucent, with greenish cast, with thin, hyaline inner and outer lamellae and a coarse, irregular, thin walled, secondary prismatic structure best seen in region of suboral necklace, made up of pentagonal or hexagonal secondary prisms (Plate 35, fig. 8), 7-9 prisms between each pair of ribs. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 405 L., total, 235; collar, 20; shaft, 140; fins, 75. D., oral, 70; midway, 70/x. AtSta. 4715, in Galapagos Eddy; at 75°; 1 lorica. Epicranella dextra spec. nov. Plate 35, fig. 4 Lorica subcylindrical, stout, screw-shaped, with a wide brim; 3.94 o.d. Oral margin has a smoothly rounded, everted, strongly reflexed, overhanging brim with a diameter of 2.1 diameters of shaft midway of its length, or 0.26 t.l. Collar funnel-like, 0.19 t.l., or 0.77 o.d. in length, decreasing in diameter aborally to 0.55 o.d., with diameter at oral end below recurved brim of 0.92 o.d., inverted, truncated cone of 35°, with sides deeply and asymmetrically concave, with outer surface ribbed with 14 posteriorly decurrent, subequidistant, ascending dex- trotropic (22-33°) ridges with length 0.60-0.75 o.d., arising near lower end of funnel and connecting anteriorly each with its neighbor by a low suboral connecting arch-like ridge, bounding anterior end of each intercostal facet and forming, with aid of ascending ridges, the suboral necklace; arches almost hidden beneath overhanging brim of oral aper- ture. Nuchal diameter 0.55 o.d. Shaft proper 0.5 t.l., or 2.0 o.d. in length, truncated, slightly concave cone of 4°, with diameter at aboral end 0.47 o.d., faintly but definitely faceted or polygonal in cross section in its anterior 0.3, and passing gradually below that level into a cir- cular section for remainder of its length. Facets 14, continuing the intercostal ones above. Aboral section inverted, convex subconical, increasing to 45° distally, 0.36 t.l., or 1.3 o.d. in length, subdivided into short anterior section and longer posterior cone. Anterior section con- vex subcylindrical, about 0.33 length of whole section, with diameter at widest part 0.6 o.d. Posterior section inverted, truncated, convex cone of 21° as a whole, with length of 0.66 of whole section. Aboral cylinder short, 0.08 o.d. in diameter and length. Aboral region with 16 unconnected dextral (12-24°) folds, some becoming subvertical at oral ends, originating just above aboral cylinder, not over 0.33 t.l. Wall very thin, increasing in brim, uniform at all other levels, with uniform, homogeneous inner and outer lamellse, faintly reticulated with an irregular polygonal mesh between lamellae, very hyaline, with greenish cast. Prisms 3-5, across each intercostal space, changing at lower end of suboral necklace to zone of finer and heavier-walled prisms. L., total, 322; funnel, 27; shaft, 173; folds, on the slant, 120. D., oral, 82; midway, 39 /jl. At Sta. 4721, in Drift; at 75°; 1 lorica. 406 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Epicranella prismatica Kofoid and Campbell Plate 35, figs. 9, 10 Loriea large, tall, slightly tapering nail-shaped, faceted for entire length; 4.5 o.d. Oral margin rounded, widely everted horizontally, slightly reflexed, with wide overhanging brim, 2.52 diameters of shaft midway of its length, or 0.23 t.l. Collar tall, funnel-shaped, 0.08 t.l., or 0.5 o.d. in length, inverted, truncated, deeply convex cone of 45°, decreasing regularly in diameter below to 0.55, with diameter below brim 0.8 o.d. Outer surface ribbed with 12 posteriorly decurrent, sub- equal, subequidistant, ascending leiotropic (20°) ridges, 1 o.d. in length, thickening and standing out in relief from surface as they ascend, connecting one with another by raised, transverse, flattened arches. Facets between ridges 12, subrectangular, intercostal, at first leiotropic but becoming vertical on shaft. Transverse beams below overhanging brim visible from side. Ascending ridges sometimes projecting above arches as short knobs on under side of recurved brim. Shaft 0.73 t.l., or 3.35 o.d. in length, inverted, truncate subpyramidal (4°), with 12 flat, subequal sides in upper 0.3, number of sides decreasing to 10 by fusion toward middle, and 10 again by fusion decreasing to 8 in lower 0.3 of shaft, successive cross sections dodecagonal, decagonal, and octagonal. Fusion of facets is accomplished by the narrowing down of eliminated facet as a triangular, flat tongue. Diameter of shaft at its lower end 0.43 o.d. Aboral section inverted, truncated, subpyramidal (12°), moderately convex, 0.27 t.l., or 1.23 o.d. in length. Aboral cylinder 0.14 o.d. in diameter and 0.10 in length. Aboral end open. Of the 8 subequal sides of this section, the 4 alternating ones weaker and less plainly angular, the other 4 sharper and clearly angular. Fins of posterior section 8, low, ridge-like, slightly leiotropic (3°), originating above upper end of aboral cylinder as decurrent blades, subequal and subuniform, 1.37 o.d. in length, reaching maximum width at middle. Wall uniformly thin throughout, except for thickening in brim, com- posed of equal inner and outer lamellae, uniform in texture throughout, homogeneous, very hyaline, slightly greenish, with intermediate layer reticulated with an irregular polygonal network of 3-7 prisms across a single intercostal space, fading out near suboral necklace, giving way to a zone of finer prisms with heavier walls. Finer prismatic structure not made out elsewhere in loriea. Animal with 2 ellipsoidal macronuclei, 10/x by 16/x, and 2 adjacent spherical micronuclei. In one individual in division a lateral frontal field was present, similar to that found by Campbell (1929) in Tintin- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 407 nopsis reflexa. This animal had 4 macronuclei. A large, oval, cyst-like body with 2 oval nuclei was present in another individual. It seems very doubtful to us that the lorica? of a compact group such as the Tintinnoinea are built up in fundamentally different ways, as suggested by Jorgensen (1924, p. 6). We see little evidence in this group of any differences in the structure of the lorica between aborally open and aborally closed types; certainly fission in the animal and the accumulation of siderophile substances used in forming the lorica are wholly alike in the animals forming the two types of lorica?. This sider- ophile aggregation in prismatica is quite like that found in other Tin- tinnoinea with closed aboral ends or in those more widely open. L., total, 348; suboral flare, 38; shaft, 205; fins, 114. D., oral, 77; midway, 36ju. At 8 stations, viz., at 2, 1, and 5, respectively, in Peruvian and South Equatorial currents, and Drift; at 67-81 (74.5)°; 8 loricse. STATION RECORDS The frequency of each species identified in each haul at the collect- ing stations on the route is listed as a percentage of the first hundred lorica? met with and identified in the examination of the micro- plankton with the aid of a mechanical stage. Overruns beyond one hundred as a rule are entries of 1% added for species identified after the first hundred were counted. In a few of the richer hauls more than one hundred lorica? were counted and the percentages adjusted to the total. In some of the scanty collections it was not possible to find one hundred lorica? in the examination of many slides. In such cases the percentages were computed on this smaller number. The stations are listed in the chronology of the cruise. The order of genera in the lists is that of treatment in text, and that of the species is alphabetical under the genus. ABBREVIATIONS: - - Acanthostomella, AC AN.; Albatrossiella, ALB.; Amphorella, AMPH.; Amphorellopsis, AMPHS.; Amplectella, AMPL.; Amplectellopsis, AMPLS.; Brandtiella, BDT.; Canthariella, CANTH. ; Climacocylis, CLIM. ; Codonaria, CDNR.; Codonella, COD.; Codonellopsis, CDLLPS.; Codonopsis, CDPS.; Coxliella, COX.; Craterella, CRAT. ; Cricundella, CRIC; Cyttarocylis, CYTT.; Dadayiella, DAD.; Daturella, DAT.; Dictyocysta, DICT.; Epi- cancella, EPIC; Epicranella, EPICR.; Epiorella, EPIOR.; Epiplo- cylis, EPIP.; Epirhabdonella, EPIRH.; Eutintinnus, EUT.; Favella, 408 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology FAV.; Helicostomella, HELIC; Metacylis, MET.; Odontophorella, ODONT.; Ormosella, ORM.; Parundella, PAR.; Petalotricha, PET.; Poroecus, POR.; Proplectella, PROP.; Prostelidiella, PROST.; Protorhabdonella, PROTORH.; Rhabdonella, RHAB.; Rhabdonel- lopsis, RDPS. ; Rhabdosella, RHABDS. ; Salpingacantha, SALPGC; Salpingella, SALP.; Steenstrupiella, STEEN.; Stelidiella, STEL.; Stenosemella, STEN.; Tintinnopsis, TPS.; Undella, UND.; Undel- lopsis, UDPS.; Xystonella, XYST. ; Xystonellopsis, XPS. California Current. Stations 4571-4583 4571. 33° 40' N.; 119° 35' W. 7-X-04. 71° F at surface. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 131 identified; 12 spp. : EPIP. undella 1%; RHAB. hebe 49, spiralis 14, striata 8; XYST. longicauda 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 3; EUT. brandti 1, elongatus 22, lusus-undse 2, medius 1, tenuis 1. 300-0 ims.: 100 loricse counted; 113 identified; 41 spp.: COD. aspera 1%; CLIM. elongata 1, scalaria 1; CYTT. eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. blanda 6, impensa 1; RHAB. chiliensis 1, hebe 2, in- flata 2, spiralis 1, striata 1; PAR. caudata 4; XYST. treforti 9; XPS. abbreviata 4, favata 1, ornata 16, pulchra 1, torta 4; PROP. fastigata 2, parva 4; UND. hemispherica 2, hyalinella 1; DICT. ampla 9, dilatata 1, minor 1, mitra 1, mulleri 1, pacifica 1; AMPHS. lsevis 1; DAD. acutiformis 5, bulbosa 2, cuspis 2, ganymedes 1; EUT. elongatus 1, tenuis 9; DAT. magna 1, striata 3; SALP. acuminata 1; attenuata 1 ; f aurei 1 ; minutissima 1 . 4574. 30° 35' N.; 117° 15' W. 8-X-04. 69° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 114 identified; 14 spp.: CYTT. eucecryphalus 4%, longa 1, magna 1; EPIP. constricta 1, pacifica 19; RHAB. hebe 6, quantula 6, striata 14; STEEN. steen- strupii 10; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 4, medius 28, tenuis 5. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 141 identified; 44 spp.: COD. brevicollis 1%, pacifica 1; CDLLPS. speciosa 9; COX. declivis 1; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. acutiformis 4, eucecryphalus 16, longa 3, magna 6; EPIP. lata 1, pacifica 3, symmetrica 1 ; PET. capsa 2, major KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 409 7, pacifica 4; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. quantula 2, valdestriata 1 ; RDPS. intermedia 1 ; XYST. treforti 7; XPS. abbreviata 1, favata 1, gaussi 1, ornata 3, pulchra 5; PROP, parva 1, subangulata 2; UND. declivis 1, hyalina 3, mammilata 1; UDPS. pacifica 1; DICT. cali- forniensis 1, mexicana 1, minor 2, mitra 1, mulleri 2, occidentalis 1, reticulata 2, tiara 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 2; EUT. elongatus 2, lusus-undse 6; SALP. acuminata 1. 4576. 29° 52' N.; 116° 56' W. 8-X-04. 69° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 124 identified; 26 spp.: COD. elongata 1%; COX. declivis 1, laciniosa 1, longa 1; CYTT. eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. blanda 6, constricta 1, exquisita 3, impensa 1, pacifica 13, symmetrica 1 ; PROTORH. simplex 1 ; EPIRH. coronata 1, mucronata 2; RHAB. hebe 43; RDPS. intermedia 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, robusta 1, steenstrupii 9; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; EUT. birictus 1, brandti 1, elongatus 8, medius 8, tenuis 5, turgescens 1. 4580. 24° 55' N.; 112° 45' W. 10-X-04. 76° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 262 identified; 42 spp.: COD. acuta 2%; CDLLPS. americana 1; COX. longa 1; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. acutiformis 1, eucecryphalus 2, longa 1; EPIP. blanda 6, constricta 14, impensa 1, undella 12; EPIOR. acuta 6; PROTORH. curta 1, simplex 2; EPIRH. coronata 1; RHAB. aberrans 1, amor 4, conica 3, cornucopia 1, hebe 2, poculum 1, quantula 10, spiralis 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. acuminata 1, armata 1, tropica 1; PROP, globosa 1, parva 2; UND. hemispherica 1; DICT. mulleri 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. ganymedes 2; EUT. elongatus 8, fraknoii 1, lusus-undse 1, medius 2, pinguis 5, stramentus 1, tenuis 22, turgescens 1; SALPGC. unguiculata 2. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 110 identified; 47 spp.: COD. cuspidata 1%, galea 2; CDNR. cistellula 1, mucronata 1; CLIM. scalaria 6; MET. conica 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, cassis 1, eucecry- phalus 4, longa 6, ricta 2; EPIP. blanda 3, pacifica 7, symmetrica 4, undella 10; EPIOR. acuta 2; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 4, conica 3, poculum 2, quantula 4, spiralis 1, valdestriata 1; RDPS. triton 3; XYST. treforti 1 ; XPS. heroica 1, ornata 1 ; PROP, fastigata 1, perpusilla 2, subangulata 1; UND. bulla 1, dilatata 4, hyalina 1, media 1, ostenfeldi 1, pistillum 1; AMPL. monocollaria 1; UDPS. 410 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology pacifica 1; DICT. ampla 1, mexicana 1, mulleri 2, occidentalis 1, retic- ulata 5; STEEN. steenstrupii 2; EUT. pinguis 1, tenuis 7, turgescens 1. 4583. 22° 45' N.; 110° 5' W. ll-X-'04. 83° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 1212 identified; 50 spp. : COD. acuta 2%; CDNR. lata 1; STEN. nivalis 1; CDLLPS. meri- dionalis 8; CLIM. digitula 5, scalaria 1, scalaroides 2; MET. lucasensis 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, longa 1 ; POR. apiculatus 1 ; FAV. panamensis 1 ; EPIP. blanda 1, constricta 1, deflexa 1, pacifica 1, undella 1 ; EPIOR. acuta 1; PROTORH. curta 1, simplex 1; RHAB. conica 2, cornucopia 1, exilis 1, hebe 2, poculum 1, quantula 31, spiralis 4, striata 5; RDPS. intermedia 34; XPS. acuminata 1, hastata 1; PROP, claparedei 1, per- pusilla 1; UND. hemispherica 1, hyalina 1; DICT. mexicana 1, reticu- lata 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. minor 2, quadrili- neata 1; EUT. brandti 1, elongatus 3, lusus-undse 1, medius 1, pinguis 3, stramentus 1, tenuis 1, turgescens 1; SALP. acuminata 1. 300-0 fms.: 100 lorica? counted; 149 identified; 65 spp.: COD. acuta 2%, apicata 1, cuspidata 1, elongata 1, galea 5; CDNR. cistellula 1, lata 1, mucronata 3; CDLLPS. calif orniensis 1, meridion- alis 1, minor 1, turgescens 4; CLIM. scalaria 2, sipho 1; CYTT. acuti- formis 3, cassis 1, eucecryphalus 1, longa 7; EPIP. blanda 1, constricta 1, impensa 1, pacifica 1, undella 2; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. conica 4, quantula 4, spiralis 2, torta 1, valdestriata 1; RDPS. inter- media 6, triton 3; XYST. longicauda 1, treforti 1; XPS. abbreviata 1, acuminata 1, armata 3, hastata 1, heroica 1, ornata 1, paradoxa 1, pulchra 7, tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 1, perpusilla 13, tenuis 1; UND. bulla 1, hyalina 3, media 2, pistillum 1; AMPL. monocollaria 1 ; UDPS. insignata 1, pacifica 1, tricollaria 1; DICT. ampla 1, californiensis 1, mexicana 4, mulleri 1, occidentalis 1, reticulata 1; AMPH. quadrili- neata 1; EUT. elongatus 3, perminutus 1, stramentus 1, tenuis 2; SALP. acuminata 1. Mexican Current. Stations 4587-4607 4587. 20° 42' N.; 107° 25' W. 12-X-'04. 82° F. 300-0 fms.: 120 loricse counted; 120 identified; 46 spp.: COD. acuta 1%, apicata 2, cuspidata 1, galea 1, rapa 1 ; CDNR. aus- tralis 2, cistellula 1, mucronata 1; CDLLPS. americana 3, meridionalis 7, minor 1, turgescens 2; CLIM. scalaria 13; HELIC. longa; CYTT. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 411 acutiformis 5, longa 9; FAV. azorica 2; EPIP. constricta 1, lata 1; PET. foli 3; RHAB. amor 1, conica 5, cuspidata 1, quantula 1, spiralis 1; RDPS. intermedia 1, triton 3; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. acuminata 1, armata 1, dahli 1, pulchra 6, tropica 2; PROP, claparedei 2, perpusilla 1; UND. hyalina 3; AMPL. monocollaria 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. bulbosa 1; EUT. brandti 2, elongatus 2, tenuis 6; DAT. stra- monium 2; SALP. acuminata 2, faurei 1, subconica 1. 4588. 19° 52' N.; 106° 22' W. 12-X-'04. 81-83° F. Surface: 50 loricre counted; 54 identified; 17 spp. : COD. acuta 2%, apicata 2; CLIM. scalaria 2; FAV. panamensis 2; EPIP. constricta 1, undella 2; RHAB. amor 1, conica 52, cuspidata 6, quantula 3, spiralis 7; STEEN. steenstrupii 4; AMPH. quadrilineata 8; EUT. elongatus 1, pinguis 4, stramentus 6, tenuis 1. 4590. 18° 50' N.; 104° 50' W. 13-X-04. 82-83° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 lorica? counted; 164 identified; 50 spp.: COD. acuta 3%, apicata 1, galea 5; CDNR. australis 2; CDLLPS- californiensis 1, meridionalis 8, minor 4, turgescens 11; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, eucecryphalus 1, longa 2; EPIP. blanda 5, constricta 1, deflexa 4, pacifica 1, undella 1; PET. capsa 2, foli 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 1, conica 5, cuspidata 1, quan- tula 1, spiralis 2; XPS. heroica 1, tenuirostris 5, tropica 1; PROP. claparedei 5, fastigata 1, ovata 1, perpusilla 3; UND. dilatata 2; DICT. mexicana 1, pacifica 1, reticulata 2; DAD. acutiformis 1; BDT. palliata 1; EUT. brandti 1, elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, procurrerens 1, tenuis 7; DAT. stramonium 1, striata 1; SALP. acuminata 2, attenuata 1, faurei 2, secata 4; RHABDS. cuneolata 1. 4592. 18° 20' N.; 103° 40' W. 13-X-'04. 84° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 171 identified; 31 spp.: TPS. karajacensis 1%, radix 6, sacculus 1; STEN. nivalis 2; CDLLPS. americana 10, meridionalis 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. longa 1; FAV. panamensis 2; EPIP. undella 2; EPIOR. acuta 2; PROTORH. sim- plex 1; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 12, cuspidata 2, poculum 2, quan- tula 4, spiralis 2; PROP, claparedei 1, cuspidata 1, perpusilla 1 ; UND. hemispherica 1; DICT. mexicana 1, reticulata 1; STEEN. robusta 4, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. minor 3, quadrilineata 15; EUT. elongatus 16, pinguis 1, stramentus 2, tenuis 3. 412 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4594. 17° 20' N.; 101° 32' W. 14-X-'04. 84° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 114 identified; 38 spp. : TPS. radix 9%; COD. acuta 1, apicata 1, cuspidata 1, tropica 4; CDNR. australis 1; STEN. nivalis 5; CDLLPS. americana 36, meri- dionalis 9, minor 2, robusta 1, turgescens 2, turgida 1; CLIM. scalaria 1 ; CYTT. acutiformis 1 ; FAV. panamensis 1 ; EPIP. deflexa 7, pacifica 3, undella 4; PET. capsa 1; RHAB. amor 1, cuspidata 2, inflata 1, poculum 1, quantula 1, spiralis 1; XPS. dicymatiea 2, tenuirostris 2; DICT. occidentalis 1, polygonata 1, reticulata 1; STEEN. robusta 1, steenstrupii 1 ; EUT. tenuis 2, tubiformis 1 ; DAT. stramonium 1 ; SALP. acuminata 2, faurei 1. 4596. 16° 47' N.; 100° 27' W. 14-X-'04. 84° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 119 identified; 17 spp.: TPS. radix 1%; STEN. nivalis 1; CDLLPS. americana 72, meridio- nalis 6, minor 1; FAV. panamensis 1; EPIP. deflexa 2, undella 1; EPIOR. acuta 1 ; RHAB. cornucopia 2, poculum 1, quantula 1, spiralis 1; PROP, claparedei 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 9; EUT. elongatus 2, tenuis 1, tubulosus 3. 4598. 15° 58' N.; 98° 13' W. 15-X-04. 84° F. 300-€ fms.: 100 loricse counted; 102 identified; 31 spp.: TPS. karajacensis 1%, sacculus 1; COD. cuspidata 2; CDLLPS. ameri- cana 9, meridionalis 4 ; CYTT. acutiformis 1, eucecryphalus 1, longa 1; FAV. panamensis 1 ; EPIP. constricta 2, pacifica 18 ; EPIOR. healdi 3 ; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. cuspidata 7, inflata 1, poculum 23, quantula 3; PAR. caudata 1; XPS. dicymatiea 2, heroica 1, tenuiros- tris 2; PROP, cuspidata 1, fastigata 1, ovata 1, perpusilla 2; DICT. mexicana 1, pacifica 1, reticulata 5; Di\D. acutiformis 1, bulbosa 1, curta 1, ganymedes 1. 4600. 15° 36' N.; 97° 0' W. 15-X-04. 82° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 105 identified; 16 spp.: STEN. nivalis 1%; CDLLPS. americana 7, robusta 1; EPIP. con- stricta 3, undella 3; EPIOR. acuta 2; PROTORH. simplex 2; RHAB. amor 2, cornucopia 1, cuspidata 8, poculum 7, quantula 46; AMPH. quadrilineata 11; EUT. elongatus 3, pinguis 5, turgescens 1. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 413 4604. 12° 21' N.; 92° 13' W. 17-X-04. 84° F. Surface: 100 lorica? counted; 116 identified; 11 spp.: CDLLPS. americana 3%, meridionalis 1 ; EPIP. blanda 1, constricta 4, deflexa 6, undella 20; RHAB. amor 11, conica 2, quantula 46, striata 3; UND. hemispherica 3. 4605. 12° 21' N.; 92° 13' W. 17-X-04. 85° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 117 identified; 32 spp.: COD. cuspidata 1%; CDLLPS. americana 1, meridionalis 9, minor 11, turgescens 1 ; COX. laciniosa 1 ; C YTT. acutiformis 1 ; EPIP. blanda 2, constricta 9, deflexa 10, pacifica 3, undella 16; RHAB. amor 2, conica 20, cuspidata 6, quantula 5, striata 2; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 2; XYST. treforti 2; XPS. hastata 2; PROP, claparedei 1, perpusilla 2; UND. globosa 1, hemispherica 1; DICT. pacifica 1; Dx\D. acutiformis 1; ORM. cornucopia 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, subconica 1. 4607. 12°0'N.;91°30' W. 17-X-04. 83° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 100 identified; 17 spp.: CDLLPS. americana 1%, meridionalis 1; COX. laciniosa 1; EPIP. blanda 1, constricta 2, deflexa 11, pacifica 2, undella 22; RHAB. amor 3, conica 6, inflata 4, poculum 1, quantula 4, striata 31; UND. hemi- spherica 11; AMPL. monocollaria 1; DICT. mexicana 1. Panamic Area. Stations 4609-1644 4609. 11° 5' N.; 89° 35' W. 18-X-04. 81° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 100 identified; 31 spp.: TPS. beroidea 1%; COD. cuspidata 2; CDLLPS. biedermanni 2, meridionalis 4, minor 7; CYTT. longa 1; EPIP. blanda 4, deflexa 7, pacifica 1, undella 8; RHAB. amor 4, conica 6, cuspidata 1, poculum 1, quantula 12, striata 15; PAR. gigantea 1; XYST. treforti 6; XPS. cymatica 1, dahli 1, ornata 2, tenuirostris 1, tropica 1; PROP, per- pusilla 2; UND. hemispherica 3, ostenfeldi 1; DICT. mexicana 1, reticulata 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; STEL. fenestrata 1; DAT. stramonium 1. 414 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4611. 10° 33' N.; 88° 30' W. 18-X-°04. 78° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 103 identified; 25 spp.: EPIP. deflexa 1%, pacifica 4; EPIOR. acuta 1, healdi 3; RHAB. amor 1, inflata 2, quantula 16, striata 9; RDPS. triton 3; XYST. treforti 2; PROP, claparedei 8, globosa 2, perpusilla 2; DICT. mexicana 1, occidentalis 1, reticulata 9; AMPH. quadrilineata 19; DAD. bulbosa 1, ganymedes 1 ; EUT. elongatus 4, lusus-undse 1, medius 1, perminutus 1, tenuis 1, turgescens 11. 4613. 9° 45' N.;86°20' W. 19-X-04. 80° F. 300-0 fins.: 100 loricte counted; 105 identified; 37 spp.: COD. cuspidata 1%; CDNR. australis 1; CDLLPS. meridionalis 5, minor 7, turgescens 2; COX. fabricatrix 1; CYTT. eucecryphalus 1, longa 6; EPIP. undella 1; EPIOR. acuta 13, healdi 13; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. elegans 2, quantula 3, spiralis 5; PAR. gigantea 1; XYST. treforti 11; XPS. cyclas 1, cymatica 1, hastata 1, ornata 5, pulchra 2, tropica 1; PROP, ovata 1, perpusilla 1, prselonga 1; DICT. reticulata 2; STEEN. steenstrupii 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. acutiformis 2, bulbosa 1, curta 1, ganymedes 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. tenuis 3; SALP. subconica 1; SALPGC. unguiculata 2. 4615. 9°7'N.; 85° 11' W. 19-X-04. 80° F. Surface: 50 loricre counted; 63 identified; 19 spp.: EPIP. blanda 1%, deflexa 1, undella 16; RHAB. conica 5, cuspidata 1, elegans 2, inflata 8, poculum 2, quantula 8, spiralis 15, striata 1 ; PAR. aculeata 1; XPS. heroica 2; PROP, claparedei 1, perpusilla 1; DICT. lepida 24, polygonata 1, reticulata 16; DAD. ganymedes 4. 4617. 7° 45' N.; 82° 25' W. 20-X-04. 78° F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 52 identified; 15 spp.: EPIP. deflexa 2%, pacifica 4, undella 20; RHAB. amor 14, poculum 6, quantula 31, spiralis 1 ; RDPS. triton 2; UND. hemispherica 2; DICT. duplex 4, occidentalis 1, polygonata 1, reticulata 8; STEEN, steen- strupii 4; EUT. elongatus 2. 300-0 fins.: 68 loricce counted; 72 identified; 32 spp.: TPS. radix 1%; CDLLPS. americana 3, meridionalis 3, minor 2, speciosa 1, turgescens 2; CYTT. acutiformis 5, longa 3; EPIP. deflexa KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 415 6, pacifica 3, undella 3; RHAB. amor 1, cuspidata 1, quantula 9, spiralis 12; RDPS. triton 2; XYST. treforti 1 ; XPS. dahli 2, heroica 8; PROP, claparedei 1, parva 5; UND. hemispherica 1 ; DICT. pacifica 1, reticulata 7; DAD. acutiformis 1, ganymedes 3; EUT. elongatus 1, tenuis 5; SALP. acuminata 3, secata 3, subconica 5; RHABDS. cuneolata 1. 4619. 7° 15' N.; 82° 8' W. 20-X-04. 79° F. Surface: 50 loricre counted; 53 identified; 17 spp.: CDLLPS. americana 2%, meridionalis 2; CLIM. scalaroides 1; EPIP. undella 2; RHAB. amor 18, cornucopia 2, cuspidata 2, inflata 2, poculum 6, quantula 23, spiralis 1 ; RDPS. triton 2 ; DICT. reticulata 12; STEEN. steenstrupii 6; AMPH. minor 1, quadrilineata 18; EUT. elongatus 4. 4621. 6° 36' N.; 81° 44' W. 21-X-04. 79° F. 300-0 fins.: 50 loricse counted; 60 identified; 6 spp.: COD. cuspidata 4%; FAV. panamensis 1; EPIOR. acuta 16; RHAB. amor 12; PROP, claparedei 2; DICT. reticulata 66. 4624. 6° 58' N.; 80° 46' W. 21-X-04. 79° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 101 identified; 10 spp.: TPS. beroidea 8%, radix 5, schotti 2; STEN. nivalis 22; CDLLPS. americana 38, minor 1; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 1, cuspidata 21; EUT. tenuis 2. 4627. 7° 21' N.; 79° 55' W. 2-XI-04. 81.5° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 107 identified; 13 spp.: TPS. beroidea 26%, plagiostoma 9, radix 5; STEN. nivalis 6; CDLLPS- americana 17; CLIM. scalaria 1; FAV. panamensis 1; RHAB. amor 1, conica 2, quantula 23; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; AMPHS. acuta 1; EUT. tenuis 6. 4630. 6° 53' N.; 81° 42' W. 3-XI-04. 81° F. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 25 identified; 3 spp.: RHAB. quantula 88%, striata 8; DICT. reticulata 4. 416 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4631. 6° 26' N.; 81° 49' W. 3-XI-'04. 82° F. Surface: 100 loriere counted; 100 identified; 11 spp. : TPS. radix 1%; RHAB. quantula 62, striata 6; RDPS. triton 2; PROP, claparedei 1; UND. hemispherica 1; DICT. reticulata 2; STEEN. robusta 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; EUT. elongatus 22. 4634. 4° 35' N.; 83° 32' W. 4-XI-'04. 80° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 117 identified; 49 spp.: COD. cuspidata 1%; CDNR. oceanica 4; CDLLPS. minor 21, parva 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1; EPIOR. acuta 1; AC AN. conicoides 1, lata 1, obtusa 1; RHAB. amor 1; RDPS. triton 3; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 5, invaginata 1, pnetenuis 2; XYST. minuscula 3, treforti 6; XPS. cyclas 4, favata 1, heroica 3, pinnata 1, pulchra 3, tropica 6; PROP, claparedei 2, cuspidata 2, parva 3; UDPS. pacifica 1; DICT. pacifica 1, reticulata 1, spinosa 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, steen- strupii 4; AMPHS. kevis 1; DAD. bulbosa 1; ORM. apsteini 1, cornucopia 2; STEL. fenestra ta 1; EUT. apertus 1, colligatus 1, elongatus 8, fraknoii 2, lusus-undse 1, tenuis 2; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 2, faurei 2, jugosa 1, subconica 1. 4635. 3° 52' N.; 84° 14' W. 4-XI-'04. 79°F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 57 identified; 17 spp.: CDNR. australis 2%; CDLLPS. minor 1; EPIP. pacifica 2; RHAB. amor 8, minuscula 6; PAR. praetenuis 1; XYST. treforti 2; DICT. reticulata 10; STEEN. gracilis 1; steenstrupii 16; AMPH. quad- rilineata 8; EUT. colligatus 12, elongatus 28, stramentus 2, tenuis 2; SALP. acuminata 2, subconica 1. 4637. 1°31'N.;S6°32' W. 5-XI-04. 76° F. 300-0 fins.: 100 loricse counted; 121 identified; 44 spp.: COD. apicata 4%; CDLLPS. minor 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. longa 2; POR. curtus 1; EPIP. blanda 2, pacifica 5; AC AN. obtusa 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 10, poculum 11, quantula 16; RDPS. triton 1; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, gigantea 2, invaginata 2; XYST. minuscula 1, treforti 4; XPS. cyclas 1, favata 3, hastata 1; XPS. ornata 1, pulchra 1, tenuirostris 1, tropica 1; PROP, cuspidata 2, globosa 11, ovata 1, parva 2, perpusilla 4; UDPS. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 417 pacifica 1; DICT. reticulata 10; STEEN. steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; AMPHS. lsevis 1; DAD. acutiformis 4, ganymedes 1; ORM. cornucopia 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. colligatus 1, elongatus 3; SALP. acuminata 1. 4638. 0°27'N.;87° 13' W. 6-XI-'04. 75° F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 51 identified; 19 spp.: COD. apicata 2%, cuspidata 2, tropica 2; CDLLPS. minor 2; CLIM. scalaroides 2; EPIOR. acuta 2; RHAB. amor 4, poculum 20, quantula 12, spiralis 2; RDPS. intermedia 4; DICT. reticulata 26; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. ganymedes 6; EUT. apertus 1, colligatus 4, elongatus 4, stramentus 2, tenuis 2. 300-O fms.: 36 loricse counted; 39 identified; 21 spp.: COD. apicata 3%; CDLLPS. minor 6; COX. laciniosa 3; CYTT. acutiformis 3, longa 11; POR. curtus 6; ACAN. obtusa 3; RHAB. poculum 8, spiralis 3; PAR. gigantea 3; XYST. treforti 6; PROP, claparedei 8, globosa 1, parva 7; DICT. reticulata 17; EUT. colligatus 3, tenuis 3 ; DAT. stramonium 3 ; SALP. acuminata 6, glockentogeri 3, ricta 1. 4639. 0°4'S.;87°39' W. 6-XL-'04. 76° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 103 identified; 19 spp.: COD. apicata 1%; EPIP. pacifica 4; EPIOR. acuta 9, curta 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 2, poculum 57, quantula 5, striata 1; XYST. treforti 3; PROP, claparedei 1, perpusilla 1; DICT. reticulata 11; STEEN. steenstrupii 1; DAD. ganymedes 1; EUT. apertus 1, elongatus 1, tenuis 1; SALP. acuminata 1. 4640. 0° 39' S.; 88° 11' W. 6-XI-'04. 75° F. Surface: 133 loricse counted; 141 identified; 32 spp.: COD. acuta 1%, acutula 1, apicata 2, cuspidata 1; POR. apicatus 1, curtus 1; EPIP. deflexa 1, pacifica 2; EPIOR. acuta 17, curta 1, healdi 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 1, inflata 1, poculum 10, quantula 1, spiralis 1; PROP, claparedei 2, perpusilla 2; DICT. occiden talis 1, pacifica 1, reticulata 42; STEEN. robusta 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. ganymedes 3; EUT. colligatus 1, elongatus 2, stramentus 1, tenuis 5, turgescens 1. 418 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4644. 2° 13' S.; 89° 42' W. 7-XI-'04. 72° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 110 identified; 26 spp.: EPIP. exquisita 1%, pacifica 9; EPIOR. acuta 52, curta 1, healdi 1; PROTORH. curta 1, simplex 1; RHAB. amor 1, poculum 18; RDPS. triton 1; PROP, ovata 1, perpusilla 1, tenuis 1; DICT. reticulata 6; STEEN. robusta 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. acutiformis 1, bulbosa 1, ganymedes 1; EUT. colligatus 3, elongatus 3, lusus-undse 1, stramentus 1, tenuis 4, turgescens 1. Peruvian Current. Stations 4646-4678 4646. 4° 1' S.; 89° 16' W. 8-XI-'04. 72° F. 300-0 fms.: 65 loricse counted; 65 identified; 28 spp.: CDNR. mucronata 3%; CDLLPS. meridionalis 5, minor 6; COX. laciniosa 2; EPIP. exquisita 3, pacifica 6; EPIOR. acuta 7; AC AN. obtusa 2; RHAB. inflata 2, poculum 7; PAR. aciculifera 3, attenuata 1, difficilis 1, humerosa 2, invaginata 2, perpusilla 4, prsetenuis 5; XPS. armata 3, favata 3, hastata 7, tropica 2; PROP, ovata 2, praelonga 5; DICT. reticulata 18; STEEN. steenstrupii 2; STEL. fenestrata 2; EUT. elongatus 2, tenuis 2. 4647. 4° 33' S.; 87° 42' W. 9-XI-04. 70° F. 800-0 fms.: 15 loricse counted: 18 identified; 16 spp.: CDNR. mucronata 7%; CDLLPS. minor 7, pura 13; CYTT. longa 6: EPIOR. acuta 7; RHAB. inflata 7, poculum 7; PAR. difficilis 1; PAR. invaginata 13, prsetenuis 1; XPS. armata 7, cyclas 7; PROP, ovata 7, praelonga 7; DICT. reticulata 1; DAD. acutiformis 7. 4648. 4° 43' S.; 87° 7' W. 9-XI-04. 71° F. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 28 identified; 7 spp.: EPIOR. curta 20%; RHAB. indica 8; XYST. minuscula 22, treforti 50; PROP, praelonga 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. bulbosa 1. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 111 identified; 38 spp.: CDLLPS. contracta 1%; CLIM. scalaria 1; POR. curtus 1; EPIP. exquisita 5; EPIOR. acuta 17, curta 2; AC AN. obtusa 1; RHAB. indica 1, inflata 4; RDPS. triton 5; PAR. aciculifera 5, caudata 2, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 419 difficilis 6, humerosa 1, invaginata 3, messinensis 1; XYST. minuscula 2, treforti 5; XPS. cymatica 1, hastata 5, heroica 5, pulchra 3, tropica 3; PROP, claparedei 3, cuspidata 1, parva 1, perpusilla 1, prselonga 4; DICT. pacifica 1; DAD. acutiformis 4, bulbosa 1; ORM. cornucopia 1, rncckeli 2, schmidti 1, schweyeri 1; EUT. elongatus 3, fraknoii 5; SALPGC. exilis 2. 4649. 5° 17' S.; 85° 19' W. 10-XI-04. 70° F. 800-0 fins.: 2 loricse counted; 2 identified; 1 sp. No Tintinnoinea, except for 2 broken Epiorella ralumensis. 100%. 4650. 5° 22' S.; 84° 39' W. 10-XI-04. 71° F. Surface: 50 loricfe counted; 50 identified; 8 spp.: COX. laciniosa 2%; EPIOR. acuta 80, curta 4; PROTORH. curta 2; XYST. treforti 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 4; DAD. bulbosa 2, gany- medes 4. 300-0 fms.: 100 lorica? counted; 116 identified; 41 spp.: COD. cuspidata 1%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. contracta 1, minor 1 ; CYTT. longa 1 ; EPIOR. curta 1, healdi 48; CRAT. urceolata 1; PROTORH. curta 1, simplex 1; RHAB. poculum 1; RDPS. inter- media 1, triton 3; PAR. caudata 4, difficilis 2, invaginata 1; XYST. minuscula 2, treforti 3; XPS. armata 3, cyclas 1; XPS. cymatica 1, dahli 1, favata 1, hastata 2, ornata 6, pulchra 1, tropica 1; PROP. claparedei 1, ovata 1, perpusilla 3, prselonga 1 ; UDPS. pacifica 1, tricol- laria 1 ; DICT. reticulata 1 ; AMPH. quadrilineata 1 ; DAD. bulbosa 9, ganymedes 1 ; ORM. cornucopia 2 ; STEL. simplex 1 ; EUT. tenuis 1 ; EPIOR. bellissima 1. Salpa stomach: EPIOR. healdi, 14; CRAT. armilla, 6; AC AN. obtusa, 6; DAD. bulbosa, 5. 4651. 5° 41' S.; 82° 59' W. ll-XI-04. 66° F. 800-0 fms.: 30 loricae counted; 30 identified; 16 spp.: CDLLPS. contracta 3%; EPIOR. acuta 10; RHAB. inflata 10, spiralis 3; PAR. aciculifera 3, caudata 13, difficilis 7, gigantea 7, invaginata 7; XPS. dahli 7; PROP, claparedei 7, perpusilla 7, prselonga 7; DICT. lepida 3; DAD. acutiformis 3; ORM. cornucopia 3. 420 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4652. 5° 44' S.; 82° 39' W. ll-XI-04. 66° F. 100-0 fms. : 1 lorica counted; 1 identified; 1 sp.: PAR. caudata 100%. 200-0 fms.: 3 loricse counted; 3 identified; 3 spp.: CDLLPS. contracta 33%; PAR. invaginata 33; DAD. bulbosa 33. 400-0 fins.: 12 loricse counted; 12 identified; 9 spp.: EPIOR. acuta 8%; RHAB. inflata 8, spiralis 8; PAR. aciculifera 8, caudata 24; PROP, claparedei 16; DAD. acutiformis 8, bulbosa 8; ORM. cornucopia 8. 4655. 5° 57' S.; 80° 50' W. 12-XI-04. 65° F. Surface: 1 lorica counted; 1 identified; 1 sp.: EPIOR. curta 100%, 1 lorica only on 5 slides. 400-0 fms.: 25 loricte counted; 27 identified; 13 spp.: CDLLPS. contracta 48%; EPIOR. acuta 4, curta 1, healdi 1; PRO- TORH. simplex 4; PAR. aculeata 8, difficilis 8, invaginata 4; PROP, claparedei 4, perpusilla 8; UND. hyalina 4; AMPHS. acantharus 1; DAD. acutiformis 8. 4657. 7° 12' S.; 84° 9' W., 13-XI-04. 69° F. Surface : No Tintinnoinea found. 300-0 fms.: 16 loricse counted; 16 identified; 5 spp.: CDLLPS. minor 6%; EPIOR. acuta 52; RHAB. poculum 6; DICT. pacifica 6; EUT. elongatus 30. 4659. 8° 54' S.; 86° 5' W. 14-XI-04. 69° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 111 identified; 20 spp.: CDNR. lata 1%, mucronata 1; CDLLPS. minor 3; EPIOR. acuta 14, curta 2; PET. foli 1; PROTORH. striatura 1; RDPS. triton 46; PAR. elongata 1; XYST. minuscula 10, treforti 2; XPS. brandti 1; DICT. lepida 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 6; DAD. bulbosa 1; EUT. apertus 1, elongatus 4, lusus-undse 1, medius 3, tenuis 7. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 421 300-0 fms.: [125 loricae counted; 144 identified; 28 spp.: COD. cuspidata 2%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. minor 18; CYTT. longa 1 ; POR. curtus 1 ; EPIOR. eurta 9; PET. foli 2; RHAB. cuspidata 1 ; RDPS. triton 18; PAR. humerosa 1 ; XYST. minuscula 3; XPS. hastata 1, tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 3, perpusilla 9; DICT. lepida 2, pacifica 1, reticulata 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. acuti- formis 1; EUT. elongatus 6, lusus-undse 8, macilentus 1, tenuis 6, tur- gescens 1; SALP. acuminata 2, glockentogeri 2, subconica 2. 4661. 10° 17'S.; 88° 2' W. 15-XI-04. 69° F. Surface: 20 loricse counted; 22 identified; 9 spp.: CLIM. scalaria 5%; EPIOR. acuta 5; RHAB. spiralis 1; RDPS. triton 35; DICT. duplex 10, polygonata 1, reticulata 20; EUT. elongatus 20, perminutus 5. 300-0 fms.: |25 loricse counted; 31 identified; 14 spp.: COD. cuspidata 1%; CDNR. cistellula 1, mucronata 1 ; EPIOR. acuta 24; PET. foli 1; RHAB. cuspidata 5, spiralis 3; RDPS. triton 16; PROP, claparedei 1, prjelonga 8; DICT. duplex 24, lepida 1, reticulata 4; EUT. elongatus 16. [4662. 11° 13' S.; 89° 35' W. 16-XI-'04. 69° F. 800-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 112 identified; 37 spp.: COD. cuspidata 3%, galea 2; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. minor 4; CYTT. cassis 1, longa 4, magna 1; EPIOR. acuta 5; PET. foli 1; RHAB. conica 2, cuspidata 5, exilis 1, inflata 1, striata 1 ; RDPS. triton 8; PAR. aciculifera 1, humerosa 1, messinensis 3; XYST. minuscula 7, treforti 2; XPS. favata 2, insequalis 3, ornata 4, pulchra 3, tropica 4; PROP, ostenfeldi 1, perpusilla 5; UND. ostenfeldi 1; DICT. pacifica 1, reticulata 21; ORM. hteckeli 2, schmidti 3; PROST. phialia 1; EUT. elongatus 1, perminutus 1, tenuis 2; SALP. acuminata 3. 4663. 11° 20' S.; 88° 52' W. 16-XI-04. 69° F. Surface: 5 loricae counted; 5 identified; 5 spp.: COD. acuta 20%; CDNR. mucronata 20; DICT. duplex 20, mexicana 20, reticulata 20. 422 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 300-0 fms. : 25 loricse counted; 25 identified; 12 spp.: CDNR. mucronata 4%; CYTT. longa 4; EPIOR. acuta 8; RHAB. cuspidata 16, spiralis 4; XPS. favata 4; PROP, claparedei 4, tenuis 12; DICT. duplex S, polygonata 8, reticulata 24; ORM. schmidti 4. Salpa stomach: FAV. panamensis 3; CRAT. urceolata 3; AC AN. obtusa 3; PROTORH. curta 3; RHAB. exilis 3; DICT. reticulata 3, tiara 3; EUT. apertus 3. 4664. 11° 30' S.; 87° 19' W. 17-XI-04. 68° F. Surface: 20 loricae counted; 21 identified; 11 spp.: EPIOR. acuta 15%; PET. foli 5; RHAB. conica 1, cuspidata 7, spiralis 6; RDPS. triton 20; XYST. minuscula 12, treforti 13; DICT. pacifica 5, polygonata 5, reticulata 5. 300-0 fms.: 50 lorica? counted; 53 identified; 23 spp.: COD. acuta 6%; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. longa 6; EPIOR. healdi 10; CRAT. urceolata 2; PET. foli 4; RHAB. conica 1, cuspidata 6, inflata 4, spiralis 4; RDPS. triton 20; PAR. aciculifera 2, attenuata 4; XPS. favata 2, ornata 2, pulchra 2, tropica 2; PROP, claparedei 2, perpusilla 4; DICT. reticulata 10; STEL. fenestrata 1; SALP. acumi- nata 2, curta 1. Salpa stomachs, 3 examined: EPIOR. healdi 9; CRAT. urceolata 1; ACAN. minutissima 1, obtusa 4; RHAB. conica 2; AMPH. minor 1; DAD. ganymedes 3; SALP. curta 1. 4665. 11° 45' S.; 86° 5' W. 17-XI-'04. 68° F. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 25 identified; 12 spp.: COD. acuta 4%; CYTT. longa 4; POR. curtus 4; EPIOR. acuta 8; ACAN. minutissima 4; RDPS. triton 36; XYST. minuscula 10, tre- forti 6; DICT. mitra 4; AMPH. quadrilineata 4; EUT. elongatus 8, tenuis 8. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricae counted; 110 identified; 36 spp.: COD. acuta 3%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. minor 1; COX. fabricatrix 1, fasciata 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, longa 4 ; EPIOR. acuta 2 ; PET. foli 4 ; PROTORH. striatura 1 ; RHAB. chiliensis 1, inflata 6, spiralis 1; RDPS. triton 20; PAR. difficilis 9; XYST. minuscula 3, treforti 2; XPS. tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 2, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 4666. 11° 55' S.; 84° 20' W. 18-XI-'04. 67° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 101 identified; 19 spp. : CDNR. lata 1%; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 11; CYTT. longa 1; EPIP. blanda 2; EPIOR. acuta 49; AC AN. minutissima 1; PRO- TORH. simplex 3, striatura 2; RHAB. inflata 4; DICT. lepida 4, minor 1, tiara 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. acutiformis 1, bulbosa 15; EUT. elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, tenuis 2. 800-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 104 identified; 27 spp.: COD. acuta 6%, galea 1 ; CDLLPS. minor 5; CLIM. scalaria 1 ; CYTT. longa 2 ; POR. curtus 1 ; EPIOR. acuta 3, healdi 3 ; AC AN. minutissima 4; PET. foli 25; RHAB. inflata 8, spiralis 2; RDPS. triton 5; XYST. minuscula 1; XPS. krameri 1, tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 1, parva 3, prselonga 2; UND. pistillum 1; DICT. lepida 1, minor 10, pacifica 1, reticulata 6; DAD. acutiformis 4; EUT. elongatus 3, tenuis 4. 4667. 11° 59' S.; 83° 40' W. 18-XI-'04. 68° F. Surface: 8 loricse counted; 8 identified; 6 spp.: CLIM. scalaria 13%; EPIOR. acuta 25, healdi 25; PROTORH. sim- plex 13; XYST. treforti 12; PROP, perpusilla 12. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 105 identified; 37 spp.: COD. acuta 8%, cuspidata 1; CDNR. cistellula 1, mucronata 1; CDLLPS. contracta 1, minor 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. longa 3; POR. curtus 1; EPIP. blanda 1; EPIOR. healdi 36; PET. foli 5; PROTORH. simplex 1 ; RHAB. cuspidata 1, hebe 1, inflata 5, spiralis 1, striata 1; RDPS. triton 3; PAR. aciculifera 1; XYST. minuscula 2, treforti 1; XPS. pulchra 1, tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 1, parva 1; DICT. lepida 8, pacifica 1 ; DAD. acutiformis 4, bulbosa 1 ; EUT. elon- gatus 2, fraknoii 2, lusus-undse 1, tenuis 2; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, subconica 1. 424 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4668. 12° 9' S.; 81° 45' W. 19-XI-04. 67° F. 300-0 fms.: 50 loricse counted; 50 identified; 12 spp. : COD. acuta 6%; CDLLPS. minor 2; EPIOR. acuta 5; PET. foli 2; RHAB. cuspidata 2, inflata 46, striata 4; XYST. minuscula 17; PROP, perpusilla 2; DICT. lepida 2; DAD. acutiformis 4; EUT. elongatus 8. 4669. 12° 12' S.; 80° 25' W. 19-XI-'04. 67° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 103 identified; 9 spp.: CYTT. eucecryphalus 1%; EPIP. blanda 3; EPIOR. acuta 93, curta 1, healdi 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; XYST. minuscula 1, treforti 1; DAD. bulbosa 1. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 114 identified; 28 spp.: COD. acuta 3%; CDNR. mucronata 3; CDLLPS. contracta 3, minor 3; CYTT. acutiformis 1, eucecryphalus 1, longa 1; EPIP. blanda 1; EPIOR. curta 2, healdi 36; PET. foli 4; RHAB. cuspidata 1, inflata 2; RDPS. triton 2 ; PAR. aciculif era 2, caudata 2, messinensis 1 ; XYST. treforti 5; XPS. pulchra 1; PROP, claparedei 1, perpusilla 15; DICT. lepida 1, reticulata 7, tiara 4; DAD. acutiformis 4, bulbosa 6; EUT. apertus 1, elongatus 1. 4670. 12° 8' S.; 79° 2' W. 20-XI-'04. 66° F. 800-0 fms.: 50 loricse counted; 53 identified; 21 spp.: COD. acuta 6%; CDLLPS. contracta 22, minor 2; EPIOR. acuta 2, curta 1, healdi 14; PROTORH. simplex 2; RHAB. chiliensis 2, conica 4; PAR. aciculif era 2, attenuata 2, caudata 2, difficilis 4; XYST. minus- cula 2; PROP, pentagona 4, perpusilla 10; UDPS. pacifica 2; DICT. mitra 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. acutiformis 12, bulbosa 2. 4671. 12° 6' S.; 78° 28' W. 29-XI-'04. 66° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 111 identified; 14 spp.: COD. apicata 1%; EPIOR. acuta 1, curta 1, healdi 36; PROTORH. simplex 2; XYST. minuscula 3; DICT. duplex 17, lepida 1, reticulata 32; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. ganymedes 1; EUT. medius 2, tenuis 1, tubulosus 1. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 425 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 103 identified; 27 spp. : COD. acuta 1%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. minor 3; CYTT. acutif ormis 1; EPIOR. curta 2, healdi 26; AC AN. conicoides 1, lata 1; PET. foli 1; PROTORH. simplex 2; RHAB. amor 1, cuspidata 1; XYST. minuscula 2; XPS. favata 1, heroica 1; PROP, claparedei 1, parva 4, perpusilla 9; DICT. duplex 8, lepida 1, mitra 2, reticulata 16, tiara 5; AMPH. quadrilineata 1 ; DAD. acutif ormis 1, bulbosa 7; EUT. elongatus 2. 4673. 12° 30' S.; 77° 49' W. 21-XI-'04. 67° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 101 identified; 3 spp.: HELIC. longa 99%; EPIOR. healdi 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 105 identified; 22 spp.: CDLLPS. contracta 5%, minor 3; CLIM. scalaria 1; HELIC. longa 58; EPIOR, acuta 1, curta 1, healdi 14; RHAB. cuspidata 1; RDPS. longicaulis 1; XPS. paradoxa 1; PROP, claparedei 1, globosa 1, parva 1, perpusilla 3, prselonga 3; DICT. lepida 2, mitra 1, tiara 2; DAD. acutif ormis 1, bulbosa 2; EUT. elongatus 1; EPICR. prismatica 1. 4675. 12° 54' S.; 78° 33' W. 22-XI-04. 68° F. Surface: 50 loricae counted; 50 identified; 10 spp.: POR. curtus 1%; EPIP. blanda 2; EPIOR. acuta 2; PROTORH. simplex 2; RHAB. striata 2; XYST. minuscula 60; DICT. duplex 13, lepida 2, reticulata 10, tiara 6. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricae counted; 119 identified; 50 spp.: COD. acuta 1%; CDLLPS. contracta 4, minor 3; HELIC. longa 3; CYTT. conica 1, longa 1; EPIP. sargassensis 2; EPIOR. curta 1, healdi 5; AC AN. minutissima 1; PET. foli 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. cuspidata 4, exilis 2, henseni 1, inflata 1, striata 1; PAR. acuta 1, difficilis 1 ; XYST. minuscula 2, treforti 1 ; XPS. armata 1, brandti 1, favata 1, hastata 1, ornata 1, tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ovata 1, parva 1, pentagone 1, perpusilla 1, pra^longa 1; UND. peruana 1; UDPS. pacifica 2; DICT. duplex 25, fenestrata 1, lata 1, lepida 1, mitra 1, reticulata 14, tiara 6; AMPH. quadrilineata 3; DAD. acuti- f ormis 3, bulbosa 2, ganymedes 1; EUT. elongatus 5, rugosus 1, tubulosus 1; EPICR. bella 1. 426 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4676. 14° 28' S.; 81° 24' W. 5-XII-04. 69° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 284 identified; 43 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. longa 1, minor 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, longa 2; EPIP. blanda 1, exigua 2, sargassensis 1; EPIOR. acuta 2, curta 1, healdi 2; EPIC, nervosa 1; RHAB. cuspidata 1, inflata 60, striata 5; PAR. caudata 1, proetenuis 1 ; XYST. minuscula 4; XPS. armata 1, cymatica 1, krameri 1, ornata 1, spicata 1, tropica 1 ; PROP, amphora 1, ellipso- ida 1, globosa 1, parva 1; UND. hyalina 4, peruana 3; UDPS. pacifica 1; DICT. duplex 1, lepida 3, mitra 1, polygonata 1, reticulata 10, tiara 10; AMPH. quadrilineata 1 ; DAD. acutiformis 1 ; EUT. elongatus 1, tubulosus 1. 800-0 fms.: 50 loricse counted; 54 identified; 17 spp.: CLIM. scalaria 4%; CYTT. longa 2; EPIP. blanda 4; EPIOR. acuta 2, curta 1, healdi 2; RHAB. inflata 1, striata 53; XYST. minus- cula 14; XPS. torta 2, tropica 2; DICT. duplex 1, polygonata 1, reticulata 2, tiara 2; EUT. elongatus 10, tubulosus 2. 4677. 14° 37' S.; 81° 41' W. 5-XII-04. 68° F. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 28 identified; 10 spp.: COD. acuta 1%; COX. laciniosa 4; EPIP. blanda 64; EPIOR. acuta 16, curta 1, healdi 1; EPIC, nervosa 4; DICT. reticulata 4; AMPH. quadrilineata 4; DxAD. bulbosa 4. 4678. 16°31/S.;85°3/W. 6-XII-'04. 68° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 106 identified; 32 spp.: COD. elongata 1%; CDNR. lata 2; CDPS. ollula 8; CDLLPS. longa 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. eucecryphalus 10, longus 3; EPIP. blanda 3, exigua 7; EPIOR. acuta 9; EPIC, nervosa 10; PROTORH. simplex 3; RHAB. lohmanni 4; RDPS. longicaulis 14; XPS. tropica 1; PROP, ellipsoida 1; UND. mammilata 1, peruana 1; DICT. dilatata 1, mitra 2, reticulata 1 ; STEEN. steenstrupii 1 ; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. acutiformis 1, ganymedes 1; EUT. birictus 2, elongatus 9, fraknoii 2, macilentus 2, tenuis 2, tubulosus 1; SALP. gracilis 1. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 427 South Equatorial Drift. Stations 4679-4688 4679. 17° 26' S.; 86° 46' W. 7-XII-04. 69° F. 300-0 fms.: 130 loricre counted; 162 identified; 66 spp.: COD. apicata 1%, galea 1; CDNR. australis 2, lata 1; CDLLPS. contracta 1, inflata 1, longa 5; CLIM. scalaria 4; CYTT. brandti 3, eucecryphalus 7, longa 2, magna 1; EPIP. blanda 1, exigua 4, sar- gassensis 5; EPIOR. acuta 1; EPIC, nervosa 4; PET. major 1; PRO- TORH. simplex 1; RHAB. cornucopia 1, elegans 1, inflata 4, lohmanni 2, valdestriata 1; RDPS. longicaulis 1, minima 13; PAR. caudata 1, difficilis 1, invaginata 1 ; XYST. treforti 1 ; XPS. armata 2, cymatica 3, favata 3, heroica 1, heros 1, inrequalis 1, krameri 1, ornata 1, paradoxa 1, pulchra 4, tropica 7; PROP, amphora 1, biangulata 1, ellipsoida 2, globosa 2, perpusilla 1; UND. hyalina 3, parva 4, peruana 2; AMPL. monocollaria 1 ; UDPS. entzi 1, pacifica 1 ; DICT. mitra 2, reticulata 1 ; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; ODONT. serrulata 1; ORM. schmidti 1; STEL. simplex 1; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, macilentus 1, tenuis 1; DAT. striata 1; SALP. acuminata 1, tuba 1. 4680. 17° 55' S.; 87° 42' W. 7-XII-04. 68° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 107 identified; 23 spp.: COD. pacifica 1%; CDNR. lata 7, mucronata 1; CDPS. ollula 15 CDLLPS. inflata 1 ; CYTT. eucecryphalus 8, longa 1 ; EPIP. exigua 5 EPIC, nervosa 3; PET. foli 1 ; RHAB. lohmanni 1 ; RDPS. minima 28 XPS. imequalis 1, tropica 1; DICT. duplex 1, reticulata 1, tiara 1 STEEN. gracilis 1, steenstrupii 6; AMPH. quadrilineata 9; ORM. cornucopia 1 ; EUT. elongatus 10, macilentus 3. 4681. 18° 47' S.; 89° 26' W. 8-XII-04. 68° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 315 identified; 77 spp.: COD. acuta 1%, amphorella 2, apicata 2, diomedte 1, galea 1; CDNR. australis 2, lata 2, mucronata 1; CDPS. ollula 2; CDLLPS. inflata 2, longa 12, minor 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. cassis 1, eucecryphalus 1, longa 1; EPIP. exigua 2, sargassensis 1; EPIOR. acuta 1 ; EPIC, nervosa 1 ; PET. foli 2, major 1 ; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. exilis 1, lohmanni 1; RDPS. longicaulis 3, minima 7, triton 4; PAR. aciculifera 1, acuta 1, difficilis 1, inflata 1, messi- nensis 1 ; XYST. longicauda 1 ; XPS. armata 1, conicacauda 1, cymatica 1, favata 3, hastata 1, insequalis 2, krameri 1, paradoxa 1, tropica 4; 428 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology PROP, biangulata 1, ellipsoida 1, globosa 1, ovata 1, parva 1, perpusilla 1 ; UND. declivis 1, dilatata 1, hyalina 2, peruana 2, turgida 1 ; AMPL. occidentalis 1; UDPS. pacifica 1, tricollaria 1; DICT. dilatata 1, duplex 1, minor 1, pacifica 3, reticulata 4, spinosa 1, tiara 1; STEEN. gracilis 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. acutiformis 1; ORM. schmidti 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, macilentus 1, tenuis 1; DAT. stramonium 1; SALPGC. undata 1. 800-0 fms.: 200 loricse counted; 200 identified; 66 spp.: COD. amphorella 3%, apicata 1, diomedse 1, galea 1; CDNR. cistel- lula 3, lata 2; CDPS. ollula 2; CDLLPS. longa 4, pura 1, speciosa 4; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 3; CYTT. cassis 1, eucecryphalus 1, longa 4, mucronata 2 ; POR. curtus 1 ; EPIP. exigua 1 , sargassensis 2 ; EPIC, nervosa 1; ACAN. minutissima 1; PET. foli 2; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 1; RDPS. longicaulis 4, minima 5, triton 1; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, caudata 1, inflata 1; XYST. longicauda 2, treforti 1; XPS. favata 2, heros 2, krameri 1, paradoxa 1; PROP, amphora 1, ellipsoida 1, ovata 1, parva 1, perpusilla 1; UND. declivis 4, dilatata 2, hyalina 3, ostenfeldi 1, peruana 4; AMPL. monocollaria 1; UDPS. angulata 1, pacifica 2, tricollaria 1, umbilicata 1; DICT. mitra 1, pacifica 7, reticulata 2; STEEN. gracilis 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. cuspis 1, ganymedes 1; ORM. cornu- copia 1, schmidti 1; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 1, tenuis 1; DAT. stra- monium 1. Salpa stomach: 64 loricse counted; 64 identified; 19 spp.: POR. curtus 1; EPIOR. healdi 2; CRAT. armilla 3, urceolata 9; ACAN. minutissima 13, obtusa 9; PROTORH. curta 1, mira 1; RHAB. conica 1, exilis 1 ; RDPS. triton 5; PROP, claparedei 3; DICT. pacifica 1, reticulata 1, tiara 1; AMPH. minor 3; DAD. ganymedes 4; EUT. apertus 1, tenuis 4. 4682. 19° 7 S.; 90° 10' W. S-XII-04. 69° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 110 identified; 21 spp.: COD. apicata 2%, galea 1; CDNR. lata 63, mucronata 1; CDPS. ollula 1; CYTT. eucecryphalus 2, longa 2; EPIP. exigua 9; EPIC, nervosa 1; RDPS. longicaulis 1, triton 6; XYST. longicauda 4; XPS. tropica 1; PROP, biangulata 1, ellipsoida 1, parva 1; DICT. mitra 2, reticulata 4; AMPH. quadrilineata 4; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 2. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINFA 429 4683. 20° 2' S.;91°52' W. 9-XII-'04. 70° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 127 identified; 59 spp.: COD. amphorella 5%, diomedse 1; CDNR. lata 16, mucronata 1; CDPS. ollula 1; CDLLPS. inflata 10, parva 2; CYTT. brandti 3, euce- cryphalus 7, longa 2; POR. curtus 1; EPIP. constricta 1, exigua 8, pacifica 2, sargassensis 2; EPIC, nervosa 3; PET. foli 1, major 2; PROTORH. curta 1 ; RDPS. longicaulis 1, minima 1; PAR. aciculifera 1, attenuata 3, inflata 3, messinensis 1; XYST. acus 1, longicauda 1; XPS. armata 3, cyclas 1, dahli 2, hastata 1, insequalis 1, krameri 1, paradoxa 1, tenuirostris 1, tropica 1; PROP, amphora 1, claparedei 2, ellipsoida 2, ovata 1 ; UND. declivis 2, ostenfeldi 1, peruana 1 ; AMPL. collaria 1, monocollaria 2; UDPS. pacifica 1, tricollaria 1; CRIC. quad- ridivisa 1 ; DICT. mitra 3, pacifica 1, reticulata 5, spinosa 1; CANTH. septinaria 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; ORM. schmidti 1; EUT. elon- gatus 3, tenuis 1; SALP. ricta 2; RHABDS. cuneolata 1. 4684. 20° 40' S.; 93° 19' W. 9-XII-04. 71° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 106 identified; 20 spp.: COD. apicata 1%; CDPS. ollula 1; CYTT. eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. exigua 3, exquisita 2; EPIC, nervosa 1; RHAB. striata 1; RDPS. min- ima 34, triton 3 ; XYST. longicauda 1 ; PROP, claparedei 2, subangu- lata 1; STEEX. gracilis 5, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 27; ORM. schmidti 1 ; EUT. birictus 2, elongatus 14, lusus-undse 4, maci- lentus 1. 4685. 21° 36' S.; 94° 56' W. 10-XII-04. 72° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 128 identified; 38 spp.: COD. apicata 4%, galea 2; CDNR. benguelensis 1; CDPS. ollula 3; CLIM. scalaria 3; CYTT. brandti 1, eucecryphalus 3, mucronata 1; EPIP. exigua 2, sargassensis 1; EPIC, nervosa 4; RDPS. longicaulis 1, minima 39, triton 1; PAR. caudata 1, inflata 1; XYST. acus 1, treforti 2; XPS. clevei 1, conicacauda 1, cymatica 1, favata 1, paradoxa 1, spicata 3 ; PROP, claparedei 2, ellipsoida 2 ; UND. declivis 5, hyalina 3, peruana 1 ; AMPL. collaria 1, monocollaria 1 ; UDPS. pacifica 1, urn- bilicata 1 ; CRIC. quadricincta 1, quadridivisa 1 ; AMPH. quadrilineata 6; EUT. elongatus 7; SALP. acuminata 1. 800-0 fms.: 4 loricse counted; 4 identified; 4 spp.: CDLLPS. parva 25%; CYTT. eucecryphalus 25; CYTT. mucronata 25; AMPH. quadrilineata 25. 430 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4686. 22° 2' S.; 95° 52' W. 10-XII-04. 71° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 100 identified; 7 spp.: CDNR. lata 6%, mucronata 1 ; CYTT. eucecryphalus 1 ; RDPS. min- ima 86; PROP, claparedei 1, prselonga 1; EUT. elongatus 4. 4687. 22° 49' S.; 97° 30' W. ll-XII-04. 73° F. 300-0 fms.: 75 loricse counted; 78 identified; 36 spp.: COD. apicata 1%, galea 1; CDNR. benguelensis 1, lata 6; CDPS. ollula 3; CDLLPS. minor 4; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 3; CYTT. acutiformis 1, brandti 2, eucecryphalus 2, longa 1, EPIP. exquisita 1, pacifica 4; EPIOR. acuta 3; EPIC, nervosa 4; RHAB. striata 1; RDPS. minima 33; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. clevei 1, cyclas 1, dahli 3, krameri 1, tropica 3; PROP, perpusilla 1; UND. declivis 3, hyalina 1 ; AMPL. collaria 1 ; UDPS. trieollaria 3, truncata 1 ; DICT. mitra 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, steenstrupii 4; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; ORM. schmidti 1 ; EUT. birictus 3. 2125-0 fms.: wing net. PAR. inflata 1 lorica 4688. 23° 17' S.; 98° 37' W. ll-XII-04. 72° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 100 identified; 1 sp. : RDPS. minima 100%. Easter Island Eddy. Stations 4689-4700. 4689. 24° 5' S.; 100° 20' W. 12-XII-04. 72° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 lorica? counted; 125 identified; 41 spp.: COD. apicata 1%, galea 1; CDNR. lata 1, oceanica 1; CDLLPS. minor 1; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. acutiformis 1, brandti 1, euce- cryphalus 4; EPIP. sargassensis 2; EPIC, nervosa 3; PET. major 3; RDPS. minima 49; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, attenuata 1, difficilis 2, inflata 1 ; XYST. longicauda 1, treforti 2; XPS. clevei 1, conicacauda 1, cymatica 1, favata 2, krameri 2, pulchra 1, spicata 6; PROP, bian- gulata 1, claparedei 1, ostenfeldi 1; UND. declivis 6, ostenfeldi 1; AMPL. collaria 1 ; AMPLS. angularis 1 ; UDPS. trieollaria 4, umbilicata 1; CRIC. quadricincta 1, quadridivisa 1; STEEN. gracilis 1; EUT. turgescens 1; SALP. acuminata 1. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 431 800-0 fms.: 50 lories counted; 52 identified; 24 spp.: CDNR. lata 10%; CDPS. ollula 2; CUM. scalaria 2; CYTT. brandti 2, longa 4, mucronata 2 ; EPIP. exquisita 4, sargassensis 2 ; PET. major 6; RDPS. minima 36; PAR. aculeata 2, inflata 1; XYST. treforti 2; XPS. conicacauda 2, cymatiea 4, paradoxa 2, pulehra 1, spicata 4; PROP. amphora2; AMPL. collaria 2 ; monocollaria 2 ; UDPS.tricollaria 4; CRIC. quadrieincta 2; DICT. reticulata 2. 4690. 24° 45' S.; 101° 45' W. 12-XII-'04. 73° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 113 identified; 14 spp.: COD. apicata 1%; CDNR. lata 1; CDPS. ollula 1; CDLLPS. longa 1; EPIP. constricta 1, exquisita 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RDPS. minima 98; XPS. clevei 1; EUT. birictus 1, brandti 2, elongatus 1, procurrerens 1, stramentus 1. 4691. 25° 27' S.; 103° 29' W. 13-XII-'04. 73° F. 300-0 fms. : 50 loricse counted; 56 identified; 30 spp. : COD. galea 4%; CDPS. ollula 1; CYTT. brandti 4, longa 6; EPIP. sargassensis 8; EPIC, nervosa 2; PET. major 4; PROTORH. simplex 1; RDPS. minima 24; PAR. attenuata 2; XYST. treforti 6; XPS. clevei 4, cyclas 2, cymatiea 2, krameri 1, spicata 2; PROP, ellipsoida 1; UND. bulla 1, declivis 2, ostenfeldi 2; AMPL. collaria 4, monocol- laria 1; UDPS. tricollaria 2, umbilicata 2; CRIC. quadrieincta 4, quadridivisa 2; ORM. schmidti 2; EUT. brandti 4, procurrerens 4; SALP. attenuata 2. 4692. 25° 40' S.; 104° 1' W. 13-XII-04. 73° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 101 identified; 3 spp.: RDPS. minima 99%; EUT. elongatus 1, medius 1. 4694. 26° 34' S.; 108° 57' W. 22-XII-'04. 72° F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 50 identified; 8 spp.: COD. apicata 2%; CDLLPS. longa 2; CYTT. eucecryphalus 2; FAV. azorica 8; EPIC, nervosa 4; RDPS. minima 58; EUT. elongatus 20, procurrerens 4. 432 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4695. 25° 22' S.; 107° 45' W. 23-XII-'04. 74° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 107 identified; 34 spp. : COD. apicata 1%; CDNR. lata 1; CDLLPS. minor 4; CLIM. scalaria 8; CYTT. brandti 3, cassis 2, eucecryphalus 1, longa 2; EPIP. exquisita 4, sargassensis 3; EPIOR. acuta 1; EPIC, nervosa 9; RDPS. minima 17; XYST. lanceolata 1, treforti 7; XPS. clevei 10, cymatica 3, krameri 3, paradoxa 1, spicata 2; PROP, ellipsoida 1, perpusilla 2; UND. declivis 2; AMPL. collaria 5, prsecuta 1; UDPS. umbilicata 1; CRIC. quadricincta 3; DICT. occidentalis 1; EUT. macilentus 1, procurrerens 1, tenuis 1; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, jugosa 1. 4696. 24° 40' S.; 107° 5' W. 23-XII-04. 74° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 101 identified; 10 spp.: CYTT. eucecryphalus 1%; EPIP. exquisita 4; EPIC, nervosa 2; PROTORH. simplex 1; RDPS. longicaulis 1, minima 68; PROP, urna 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 1; EUT. elongatus 12, procurrerens 10. 4697. 23° 24' S. ; 106° 2' W. 24-XII-'04. 75° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 116 identified; 47 spp.: COD. galea 1%; CDPS. ollula 1; CDLLPS. minor 1; COX. declivis 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. brandti 4, eucecryphalus 3, mucronata 1; EPIP. exquisita 3, sargassensis 3; EPIC, nervosa 11; RDPS. minima 35; PAR. attenuata 1, clavus 1, difficilis 1, inflata 1; XYST. longicauda 1, striata 1, treforti 3; XPS. clevei 5, conicacauda 1, epigrus 1, krameri 3, paradoxa 1, spicata 1; PROP, claparedei 3, ellipsoida 1, parva 1, perpusilla 1, tenuis 1; UND. bulla 1, declivis 2, ostenfeldi 1; AMPL. ampla 1, collaria 5; AMPLS. angularis 1; UDPS. tricollaria 1; CRIC. quadricincta 1 ; AMPH. quadrilineata 1 ; ORM. cornucopia 1 ; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 2, procurrerens 1; SALP. acuminata 1, attenuata 1, faurei 1, secata 1. 4698. 22° 50' S.; 105° 31' W. 24-XII-04. 75° F. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 27 identified; 8 spp.: CDPS. ollula 4%; EPIP. constricta 1, exquisita 16; RDPS. minima 44; XPS. clevei 4; EUT. elongatus 24, medius 1, procurrerens 8. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 433 4699. 21° 39' S.; 104° 29' W. 25-XII-'04. 75° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 116 identified; 47 spp. : COD. diomedse 1%, galea 2, perforata 1 ; CDNR. lata 1 ; CDLLPS- longa 4, minor 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CYTT. cassis 1; EPIP. con- stricta 4, exquisita 2, lata 2, pacifica 1; EPIC, nervosa 6; RDPS. minima 25; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, humerosa 1, inflata 1; XYST. minuscula 2, treforti 5; XPS. clevei 3, conicacauda 1, constricta 2, cyclas 3, cymatica 5, spicata 2; PROP, amphora 1, claparedei 8, ellipsoida 1, parva 1, perpusilla 1; UND. bulla 1, declivis 6; UDPS. amularius 1, tricollaria 1; CRIC. quadridivisa 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 2, procurrerens 3; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, expansa 1, jugosa 1; SALPGC. undata 1; RHABDS. cuneolata 1. 4700. 20° 28' S.; 103° 26' W. 25-XII-'04. 74° F. Surface: 20 loricse counted; 20 identified; 7 spp.: CDNR. lata 5%; CYTT. eueecryphalus 10; RDPS. minima 50; PROP, perpusilla 10; DICT. occidentalis 5; EUT. elongatus 15, procurrerens 5. South Equatorial Drift. Stations 4701-4712 4701. 19° 11' S.; 102° 24' W. 26-XII-'04. 72° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 341 identified; 91 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 1, diomedse 1, galea 1; CDNR. lata 1; CDLLPS. inflata 1, longa 7, parva 1, pura 1 ; COX. laciniosa 2, longa 1 ; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. brandti 3, cassis 1; EPIP. constricta 1, lata 1, pacifica 2, sargassensis 1; EPIC, nervosa 1; PET. major 2; PROTORH. mira 1, simplex 1; RHAB. cornucopia 1, indica 1, poculum 1 ; RDPS. longicaulis 2, minima 49, triton 1 ; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, caudata 1, humerosa 1; XYST. clavata 1, minuscula 2, treforti 1; XPS. brandti 1, clevei 1, conicacauda 1, constricta 1, cyclas 1, cymatica 1, favata 1, insequalis 1, laticincta 1, parva 1, spicata 2; PROP, amphora 1, biangulata 1, claparedei 3, ellipsoida 1, globosa 1, ostenfeldi 1, ovata 1, parva 1, perpusilla 2, urna 1; UND. declivis 2, dilatata 1, media 1, ostenfeldi 1; AMPL. ampla 1, collaria 1, monocollaria 4, occidentalis 1; AMPLS. angularis 1, biedermanni 1; UDPS. anularius 1, tricollaria 1 ; CRIC. quadricincta 2, quadridivisa 1 ; 434 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology DICT. duplex 1, fenestrata 1, mitra 1, occiden talis 3, pacifica 1, reticu- lata 2, spinosa 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilin- eata 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 1, raacilentus 1, medius 1, tenuis 1 ; DAT. striata 1 ; SALP. acuminata 1, attenuata 1, gracilis 1; RHABDS. cuneolata 1. 800-0 fins.: 100 loricse counted; 108 identified; 51 spp.: COD. amphorella 1, galea 1; CDLLPS. longa 7, pura 1; COX. laci- niosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 5; CYTT. brandti 5, cassis 1, eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. lata 1, pacifica 2, sargassensis 2; EPIC, nervosa 1; ACAN. minutissima 1; PET. major 6; PROTORH. mira 1, striatura 1; RHAB. cornucopia 1; RDPS. minima 20, triton 2; PAR. difficilis 1, prsetenuis 1; XYST. treforti 3; XPS. clevei 1, cymatica 1, krameri 1, laticincta 1, spicata 3; PROP, amphora 1, claparedei 2, ellipsoidea 1, globosa 1, ostenfeldi 1, parva 1, urna 1; UND. declivis 1; AMPL. occidentalis 1; AMPLS. biedermanni 1; CRIC. quadricincta 2, quadridivisa 1 ; DICT. duplex 1, mitra 1, reticulata 2; AMPH. quadri- lineata 3; EUT. birictus 3, elongatus 2, macilentus 1, tenuis 3; DAT. stramonium 1 ; SALP. acuminata 4, laminata 1 . 4702. 18°39'S.;102°0'W. 26-XII-04. 73° F. Surface: 50 lories counted; 50 identified; 12 spp.: CDLLPS. longa 2%; CYTT. eucecryphalus 8; EPIP. exquisite 14, pacifica 12, sargassensis 2; RDPS. minima 44; XYST. treforti 2; DICT. occidentalis 4; STEEN. gracilis 2 ; EUT. birictus 2, elongatus G, tenuis 2. 4703. 17° 18' S.; 100° 52' W. 27-XII-04. 73° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricre counted; 108 identified; 50 spp.: COD. galea 3%, perforata 2; CDPS. ollula 1; CDLLPS. inflate 3; COX. laciniosa 1 ; CYTT. eucecryphalus 1 ; EPIP. blanda 1, exquisita 1, lata 1, pacifica 1, sargassensis 2; EPIC, nervosa 2; PET. major 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. conica 1; RDPS. minima 29; PAR. aculeate 1, attenuata 1, difficilis 3; XPS. clevei 1, conicacauda 2, cyclas 1, cymatica 1, favata 1, laticincta 2, spicata 6; PROP, amphora 1, claparedei 5, ellipsoida 2, globosa 1; UND. declivis 2; AMPL. bul- bosa 1, collaria 1; AMPLS. angularis 1; CRIC. quadricincta 1; DICT. mitra 3, reticulata 4; CANTH. septinaria 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 2; KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 435 AMPH. amphora 1, quadrilineata 4; ORM. schmidti 1, schweyeri 1; EUT. birictus 1, perminutus 1, stramentus 1, tenuis 1 ; SALP. gracilis 1, rotundata 1, sinistra 1. 2228-0 fms.: Small wing nets on trawl : 4 loricae counted; 4 identified; 3 spp. Not included in computations: COD. apicata 1 lorica; PAR. aculeata 1 lorica; DICT. reticulata 4 loricae. 4704. 16° 55' S.; 100° 24' W. 27-XII-'04. 73° F. Surface: 100 loricae counted; 106 identified; 23 spp.: COD. apicata 2%, galea 1; CDPS. ollula 2; CDLLPS. pura 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 4; CYTT. eucecryphalus 47; EPIP. blanda 6, exquisita 1, lata 4, pacifica 2; EPIRH. coronata 1; RHAB. amor 1; RDPS. longicaulis 15, minima 2; PAR. lachmanni 1; PROP, parva 1; UND. dilatata 1; DICT. occidentalis 2; STEEN. steen- strupii 5; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; EUT. elongatus 3, tenuis 1. 4705. 15° 5' S.; 99° 19' W. 28-XII-04. 72° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 135 identified; 60 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 3, cuspidata 1; CDPS. ollula 4; CDLLPS. inflata 2, parva 6, pura 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. sca- laria 5; CYTT. brandti 3, cassis 1, eucecryphalus 3, longa 2; EPIP. deflexa 1, lata 24, pacifica 1, sargassensis 2; EPIOR. healdi 1; PET. foli 1, major 1; RHAB. amor 7, cornucopia 13; RDPS. longicaulis 5, triton 1; PAR. aculeata 1, attenuata 1, messinensis 1; XYST. treforti 3; XPS. conicacauda 1, cyclas 1, favata 2, hastata 1, inaequalis 5, spicata 1, tropica 1; PROP, parva 2, perpusilla 1, tenuis 1; UND. hemispherica 1, hyalina 1, media 1, ostenfeldi 1, parva 3, turgida 1; AMPL. quadricollaria 1; AMPLS. angularis 1; UDPS. tricollaria 1; DICT. occidentalis 1, reticulata 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. birictus 1, brandti 1, colligatus 1, fraknoii 1, lusus-undae 2, perminutus 1 ; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1. 436 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 2031-0 fms. : Small wing nets on trawl : 100 loricse counted; 108 identified; 49 spp. : COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 4; CDPS. ollula 5; CDLLPS. inflata 1, pura 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. cassis 1, conica 1, eucecryphalus 6, longa 1; EPIP. exquisita 1, lata 26, pacifica 1; CRAT. armilla 1, protuberans 1; RHAB. amor 4, cornucopia 2; RDPS. longicaulis 5, minima 2; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, mes- sinensis 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. cymatica 1, favata 3, insequalis 3, spicata 2, tropica 2; PROP, amphora 1, ostenfeldi 1, perpusilla 1, tenuis 1, urna 1; UND. claparedei 1, dilatata 1, hyalina 1, media 1, ostenfeldi 1, parva 1; AMPL. occidentalis 1, quadricollaria 1; DICT. reticulata 2; STEEN. steenstrupii 4; AMPH. quadrilineata 3; EUT. fraknoii 3; SALP. acuminata 1; RHABDS. cuneolata 1; EPICR. bellisima 1. 4706. 14° 18' S.; 98° 45' W. 28-XII-'04. 72° F. Surface: 100 loricee counted; 104 identified; 23 spp.: COD. apicata 2%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDPS. ollula 2; CDLLPS. inflata 1, pura 1; CLIM. scalaria 20; CYTT. brandti 1, eucecryphalus 2; EPIP. lata 6, pacifica 2; EPIOR. acuta 2; RDPS. longicaulis 21; XYST. treforti 1; PROP, ellipsoida 4, pentagona 1, praelonga 1, tumida 1; DICT. occidentalis 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 22; EUT. birictus 5, elongatus 3, lusus-undse 3, perminutus 1. 4707. 12° 33' S.;97°42'W. 29-XII-'04. 72° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricae counted; 143 identified; 78 spp.: TPS. mortensenii 1%; COD. amphorella 1, apicata 1, cuspidata 1, galea 1; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDPS. ollula 2; CDLLPS. inflata 6, pura 3, speciosa 1, turgida 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 5; HELIC. longa 1; CYTT. cassis 1, eucecryphalus 1, longa 1; POR. annulatus 1; EPIP. lata 27, pacifica 1, sargassensis 1, undella 1; EPIOR. acuta 1; EPIC, nervosa 2; AC AN. minutissima 1; PET. foli 1, major 1; PROTORH. striatura 1; RHAB. amor 9, indica 1; RDPS. minima 1, triton 4; PAR. aciculifera 2, aculeata 1, attenuata 1, caudata 1, diflicilis 1, invaginata 1, praetenuis 1; XYST. minuscula 1, treforti 1; XPS. cyclas 1, cymatica 1, favata 2, hastata 1, inaequalis 1, laticincta 1, paradoxa 1, pulchra 1, spicata 1, tropica 7; PROP, claparedei 1, cuspidata 1, ellipsoida 3, parva 3, pentagona 1, perpusilla KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 437 1; UND. dilatata 1, hemispherica 1; AMPLS. angularis 1; CRIC. quadricincta 1; DICT. duplex 1, raitra 1, minor 1, occidentalis 1, pacifica 1, reticulata 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 3; BDT. palliata 1; STEL. simplex 1; EUT. elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, lusus-undre 1, per- minutus 1, procurrerens 1; SALP. acuminata 1, gracilis 1, tuba 2. 4708. 11° 40' S.; 96° 55' W. 29-XII-'04. 72° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 111 identified; 21 spp. : COD. apicata 2%; CDLLPS. inflata 1, parva 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. longa 1; EPIP. lata 31, pacifica 1; EPIOR. acuta 1; RHAB. amor 52; RDPS. triton 2; XYST. minuscula 1, treforti 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ellipsoida 1; DICT. mitra 1, occiden- talis 1, reticulata 7; EUT. perminutus 1; SALPGC. crenulata 1, unguiculata 1. 4709. 10° 15' S.; 95° 40' W. 30-XII-'04. 72° F. i 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 252 identified; 74 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 1, cuspidata 2, galea 1; CDNR. aus- tralis 1; CDPS. ollula 1; CDLLPS. cordata 1, ecaudata 1, inflata 16, minor 1, pacifica 1, parva 5, pura 3, speciosa 1, tropica 1, turgescens 1, turgida 3; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. cassis 1, longa 2; EPIP. constricta 1, lata 43, pacifica 1; EPIOR. acuta 1; PRO- TORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 5, indica 1, poculum 1, valdestriata 1; RDPS. triton 1; PAR. aciculifera 1, messinensis 1, preetenuis 1; XYST. minuscula 1, treforti 1; XPS. cyclas 1, favata 1, insequalis 1, ornata 1, pulchra 1, tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ellipsoida 1, glo- bosa 1, parva 2, pentagona 1; UND. dilatata 1, ostenfeldi 1, parva 1; AMPL. collaria 1; DICT. duplex 1, polygonata 1, reticulata 2, spinosa 1; CANTH. truncata 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. curta 1, cuspis 1, ganymedes 1; ORM. apsteini 1, cornucopia 2; EUT. apertus 1, elongatus 1, tenuis 1; DAT. stra- monium 1; SALP. laminata 1, tuba 1, secata 1; SALPGC. ampla 1, perca 1; EPICR. prismatica 1. 4710. 9° 30' S.; 95° 8' W. 30-XII-04. 74° F. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 27 identified; 9 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, cuspidata 4; EPIP. lata 16; RHAB. amor 14, indica 2; XYST. treforti 1; PROP, perpusilla 8; UND. amphora 20; DICT. reticulata 36. 438 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4711. 7° 47' S.; 94° 5' W. 31-XII-04. 75° F. 300-O fms.: 100 loricse counted; 123 identified; 52 spp. : COD. cuspidata 3%, galea 1; CDNR. mucronata 4; CDLLPS. ecau- data 18, parva 1, pura 3, turgescens 1, turgida 1; COX. pelagica 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. longa 1; POR. curtus 1; EPIP. lata 23, pacifica 1; EPIOR. healdi 1; AC AN. minutissima 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 9; RDPS. triton 2; PAR. aciculifera 2, aculeata 1, difficilis 1; XYST. minuscula 3, treforti 1; XPS. crassi- spinosa 1, cyclas 1, hastata 1, pulchra 2, tenuirostris 3, tropica 1; PROP, claparedei 3, ellipsoida 4, globosa 2, parva 1, pentagona 1, perpusilla 1, prselonga 1; UND. dilatata 1, hemispherica 1, ostenfeldi 1, turgida 1; DICT. minor 1, pacifica 3, reticulata 3, spinosa 1; STEEN. robusta 1, steenstrupii 1; ORM. schweyeri 1; STEL. fenestra ta 1; EUT. tenuis 1; SALP. acuminata 1, tuba 1. 800-0 fms.: 9 loricae counted; 9 identified; 6 spp.: CYTT. eucecryphalus 34%; EPIP. lata 22; XYST. treforti 11; XPS. pulchra 11 ; PROP, ellipsoida 11; STEL. stelidium 11. 4712. 7° 5' S.; 93° 35' W. 31-XII-04. 74° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 114 identified; 34 spp.: COD. apicata 1%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. ecaudata 7, pura 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CYTT. eucecryphalus 1, longa 1; EPIP. lata 7, pacifica 4; PET. major 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 8, indica 1, spiralis 1; RDPS. constricta 1, triton 36; XYST. minuscula 4, treforti 1; XPS. cymatica 1, dahli 1; PROP, pentagona 15; UND. turgida 1; DICT. reticulata 5; STEEN. robusta 1, steen- strupii 1; AMPH. amphora 1; DAD. bulbosa 1, ganymedes 1; EUT. brandti 1, elongatus 1, tenuis 2, turgescens 2; SALP. acuminata 1, subconica 1. Galapagos Eddy. Stations 4713-4716 4713. 5° 35' S.;92°21'W. 1-1-05. 73° F. 150-0 fms.: 50 loricae counted; 53 identified; 17 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%; CLIM. scalaria 2; EPIP. lata 8, pacifica 1; RHAB. amor 10; RDPS. triton 8; PAR. aculeata 1, caudata 1; XYST. minuscula 32, treforti 2; XPS. pulchra 16; PROP, pentagona 4; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; EUT. perminutus 2, procurrerens 8, tenuis 4, turgescens 4. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 439 300-0 fms. : 100 loricse counted; 289 identified; 84 spp. : COD. amphorella 1%, diomedse 1; CDNR. mucronata 2; CDLLPS. ecaudata 2, inflata 1, meridionalis 1, minor 1, turgescens 2; COX. fabricatrix 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. longa 2; POR. apicatus 1, curtus 1; EPIP. lata 1, pacifica 1, sargassensis 1; EPIOR. healdi 2; CRAT. armilla 1; PROTORH. striatum 1; RHAB. amor 1, brandti 1, indica 1, poculum 1; RDPS. intermedia 2, minima 1, triton 13; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 2, acuta 1, attenuata 1, caudata 1, gigantea 1, humerosa 1, invaginata 1, messinensis 1; XYST. minuscula 11, tre- forti 1; XPS. armata 1, crassispinosa 1, cyclas 1, hastata 8, insequalis 1, ornata 1, pulchra 16, spicata 3, tenuirostris 1; PROP, cuspidata 1, ellipsoida 1, globosa 1, ostenfeldi 1, parva 2, pentagona 4, perpusilla 1, subacuta 1, subangulata 1; UND. dilatata 1, hyalina 1, turgida 1; AMPL. monocollaria 1; AMPLS. angularis 1; UDPS. cubitum 5, pacifica 3; DICT. minor 1, pacifica 2, polygonata 1, reticulata 4, spinosa 1; STEEN. gracilis 2; AMPH. minor 2; ORM. apsteini 1, cornucopia 1, haeckeli 2; EUT. elongatus 1, perminutus 1, tenuis 3, turgescens 6; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, attenuata 1, curta 1, subconica 1, tuba 1; SALPGC. crenulata 1, unguiculata 1. 4714. 4° 19' S.; 91° 28' W. 1-1-05. 75° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 100 identified; 4 spp.: EPIOR. acuta 2%; RDPS. triton 16; XYST. minuscula 81; EUT. tubulosus 1. 4715. 2° 40' S.; 90° 19' W. 2-1-05. 75° F. Galapagos Eddy. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 158 identified; 55 spp.: CDLLPS. parva 1%, pura 1; COX. laciniosa 1; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. longa 1; EPIP. constricta 1, lata 1, pacifica 1; EPIOR. acuta 30; ACAN. conicoides 1; RHAB. amor 2, quantula 1; RDPS. triton 1; PAR. aciculifera 6, aculeata 2, acuta 1, attenuata 1, caudata 2, difficilis 1, humerosa 1, inflata 1, invaginata 4, messinensis 2; XYST. minuscula 8, treforti 3; XPS. cymatica 1, dicymatica 1, hastata 1, heroica 1, in- sequalis 3, pulchra 1, spicata 1, tenuirostris 3, torta 1, tropica 1 ; PROP, claparedei 4, ostenfeldi 1, parva 3, perpusilla 8; UDPS. pacifica 1; DICT. pacifica 1, reticulata 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. acuti- formis 1, bulbosa 1; ORM. cornucopia 1; BDT. palliata 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. colligatus 4, tenuis 1, tubulosus 1; DAT. stra- monium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, subconica 2; EPICR. magnifica 1. 440 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 800-0 fms. : 50 loricse counted; 53 identified; 23 spp.: CDNR. mucronata 2%; CDLLPS. parva 4, pura 1 ; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. longa 1; EPIOR. acuta 22, healdi 1; RDPS. triton 4; PAR. aciculifera 2, aculeata 2, caudata 2, difficilis 2; XYST. minuscula 8, treforti 2; XPS. hastata 2, insequalis 18, spicata 2, tenuirostris 6, tropica 6; PROP, claparedei 6; DICT. reticulata 2; ORM. schmidti 4; EUT. tenuis 4. 4716. 2° 18' S.; 90° 2' W. 2-1-05. 75° F. Surface: 100 loriese counted; 100 identified; 9 spp.: EPIP. pacifica 1%; EPIOR. acuta 49, healdi 1; RDPS. triton 31; XYST. minuscula 3, treforti 3; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; EUT. elon- gatus 10, tenuis 1. South Equatorial Drift. Stations 4717-4741. 4717. 5° 10' S.; 98° 56' W. 13-1-05. 75° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricre counted; 373 identified; 64 spp.: COD. amphorella 2%, apicata 1 ; CDNR. mucronata 1 ; CDLLPS. ecaudata 2, minor 1, pacifica 1, parva 1; COX. laciniosa 3; CYTT. longa 1 ; EPIP. lata 35, pacifica 1 ; EPIOR. acuta 1 ; PROTORH. stria- tura 3; RHAB. amor 23, indica 1, quantula 1, striata 1; RDPS. longi- caulis 1, minima 1, triton 1; PAR. aculeata 2, attenuata 1, difficilis 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. conicacauda 1, cyclas 1, favata 1, hastata 1, heroica 1, inaequalis 1, ornata 1, paradoxa 1, pinnata 1, pulchra 1, tenuirostris 2, tropica 1 ; PROP, claparedei 6, globosa 3, ovata 1, parva 1, pentagona 6, perpusilla 6; UND. hemispherica 1, ostenfeldi 3; UDPS. pacifica 1 ; DICT. pacifica 1, reticulata 1 ; CANTH. septinaria 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; DAD. bulbosa 1; ORM. schweyeri 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, tenuis 1; DAT. recta 3, striata 1; SALP. acuminata 1, incurva 1, rotundata 1, sub- conica 1; SALPGC. crenulata 1; RHABDS. cuneolata 1; EPICR. prismatica 1. 800-0 fms.: 50 loricse counted; 65 identified; 30 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 1; CDLLPS. ecaudata 1, turgescens 2; COX. laciniosa 2; CYTT. acutiformis 6, longa 8; EPIP. lata 32; RHAB. amor 16, quantula 1; RDPS. longicaulis 1, triton 1; PAR. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 441 acieulifera 1, aculeata 1, attenuata 2; XPS. heroica 1, knimeri 1, pul- chra 1, spicata 2; PROP, claparedei 1, ellipsoidea 4, pentagona 1, per- pusilla 8; UND. ostenfeldi 3; ORM. cornucopia 1, schweyeri 1; EUT. fraknoii 1; DAT. recta 6; SALP. acuminata 6, subconica 2. 4718. 5° 32' S.;99°32' W. 13-1-05. 76° F. Surface: 100 loricre counted; 108 identified; 19 spp.: COD. galea 1%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. californiensis 1, parva 1 ; EPIP. lata 25; CRAT. armilla 1 ; PET. major 1 ; RHAB. amor 61, quantula 1; XPS. armata 1; PROP, amphora 1, claparedei 1, glo- bosa 1, pentagona 2, perpusilla 1 ; UND. ostenfeldi 1 ; DICT. reticulata 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 5; DAD. ganymedes 1. 4719. 6° 28' S.; 101° 16' W. 14-1-05. 75° F. 300-0 fms. : 125 loricse counted; 276 identified: 56 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 2, cuspidata 1; CDNR. australis 1, mucronata 3; CDLLPS. ecaudata 3, parva 1, pura 1, turgescens 2; COX. laciniosa 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, brandti 1, longa 1, ricta 1; EPIP. deflexa 1, lata 62, pacifica 1; PET. major 1; RHAB. amor 8, brandti 1, poculum 1, spiralis 1; RDPS. triton 1; PAR. acieulifera 1, aculeata 1, caudata 1, difficilis 1, inflata 1, messinensis 1; XYST. minuscula 1, treforti 1; XPS. cyclas 1, dahli 1, favata 1, hastata 1, in- sequalis 1, tenuirostris 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ellipsoidea 1, ovata 1, parva 1, pentagona 7, perpusilla 2; UND. hemispherica 1, ostenfeldi 1; UDPS. pacifica 1; DICT. reticulata 1; CANTH. septenarius 1; ORM. cornucopia 1; EUT. brandti 1, fraknoii 1, perminutus 1; DAT. stra- monium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, curta 1, ricta 1. 4720. 7° 13' S.; 102° 31' W. 14-1-05. 76° F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 50 identified; 14 spp.: CDNR. mucronata 2%; CDLLPS. parva 4; CYTT. acutiformis 2; EPIP. lata 64, pacifica 2 ; EPIOR. acuta 2 ; PET. major 2 ; PROTORH. simplex 2, striatura 1; RHAB. amor 6; RDPS. triton 2; PROP, clapa- redei 2, pentagona 8; UND. turgida 1. 4721. 8° 7 S.; 104° 10' W. 15-1-05. 75° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 219 identified; 73 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 1; CDNR. mucronata 2, oceanica 1; CDLLPS. parva 1, pura 1, turgescens 3; CYTT. brandti 1, mucronata 442 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 1 ; EPIP. lata 30, pacifica 3, sargassensis 1, undella 1 ; EPIOR. acuta 1 ; CRAT. armilla 1 ; PET. major 1 ; PROTORH. simplex 4; RHAB. amor 7, exilis 1, indica 1, spiralis 2, torta 1; RDPS. intermedia 6, triton 1; PAR. aciculifera 1, acuta 1, caudata 1, difficilis 2, gigantea 1, inflata 1, messinensis 1; XYST. treforti 4; XPS. brandti 1, constricta 1, cyclas 1, cymatica 1, dahli 1, dicymatica 1, favata 1, hastata 2, insequalis 1, tenuirostris 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ostenfeldi 2, ovata 1, parva 2, pentagona 7, perpusilla 2, tenuis 1 ; UND. ostenfeldi 1 ; DICT. pacifica 1, minor 1, reticulata 4; CANTH. brevis 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, robusta 1, steenstrupii 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 2 ; ODONT. serrulata 4; DAD. ganymedes 1; ORM. cornucopia 1, hseckeli 1; BDT. palliata 1; STEL. simplex 1; EUT. elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, lusus-undse 2, pacificus 1, tenuis 2; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, curta 2; EPICR. dextra 1. 800-0 fms.: 17 loricse counted; 17 identified; 11 spp.: CYTT. acutiformis 12%, longa 12; EPIP. lata 6, sargassensis 6; PET- major 6; RHAB. indica 6; RDPS. longicaulis 6, triton 22; PAR. acicu- lifera 6; DICT. reticulata 6; STEEN. steenstrupii 12. 4722. 9° 31' S.; 106° 30' W. 16-1-05. 75° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 164 identified; 97 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%; apicata 2, cuspidata 1; CDNR. oceanica 1; CDLLPS. biedermanni 1, californiensis 1, inflata 1, meridionalis 1, parva 2, pura 16, turgescens 1, turgida 1; CLIM. scalaria 4; CYTT. acutiformis 1, brandti 1, mucronata 1; EPIP. lata 12, pacifica 1, sargassensis 1; EPIOR. acuta 1; CRAT. urceolata 1; AC AN. coni- coides 1, lata 1, obtusa 1; PET. major 1; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 12, cornucopia 1, exilis 1, indica 1, spiralis 2; RDPS. intermedia 1, longicaulis 1, minima 1, triton 1; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, acuta 1, attenuata 1, caudata 1, difficilis 1, inflata 1, messinensis 1, prretenuis 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. brandti 1, cyclas 1, cymatica 2, dicymatica 1, favata 1, hastata 1, heroica 2, imequalis 1, paradoxa 1, spicata 2, tenuirostris 1; PROP, cuspidata 1, ostenfeldi 4, ovata 1, parva 2, pentagona 3, perpusilla 1; UND. hemispherica 2, hyalina 1, media 2, ostenfeldi 1 ; AMPL. collaria 1 ; DICT. fenestrata 1, pacifica 1, reticulata 3; CANTH. brevis 1, truncata 1; STEEN. gracilis 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 7; DAD. ganymedes 1; ORM. bresslaui 1, hseckeli 1, schmidti 1, schweyeri 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. birictus 1, elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, pacificus 1, perminutus 1, KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 443 proeurrerens 1, tenuis 1, tubiformis 1, tubulosus 1, turgescens 1; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 1, attenuata 1, faurei 1, gracilis 3; RHABDS. cuneolata 1. 4723. 10° S.; 107° 45' W. 16-I-'05. 76° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 106 identified; 37 spp. : COD. apicata 2%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. parva 4, pura 4; CLIM. scalaria 5; CYTT. acutiformis 1, eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. lata 1, pacifica 1; EPIOR. acuta 1; PROTORH. simplex 5, striatura 2; RHAB. amor 4, spiralis 2; RDPS. longicaulis 1; XYST. treforti 1; PROP, claparedei 1, globosa 1, ostenfeldi 1, perpusilla 2; DICT. minor 1, pacifica 1, reticulata 13; STEEN. robusta 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. amphora 1, quadrilineata 22; EUT. brandti 1, colligatus 1, elongatus 10, lusus-undae 2, macilentus 1, perminutus 1, proeurrerens 1, tenuis 2, tubiformis 5; SALP. acuminata 1. 4724. 11° 13' S.; 109° 39' W. 17-I-'05. 79° F. 300-0 fms. : 100 loricre counted; 221 identified; 109 spp.: TPS. ornata 1%; COD. amphorella 1, apicata 7; CDNR. cuspidata 1, mucronata 1; CDLLPS. biedermanni 1, inflata 1, meridionalis 1, pacifica 1, parva 5, pura 3, speciosa 1; COX. laciniosa 1, longa 1; CLIM. scalaria 4; CYTT. acutiformis 2, brandti 1, eucecryphalus 1, mucronata 1; POR. apicatus 1, apiculatus 1, curtus 1; EPIP. con- stricta 1, exquisita 1, lata 1, pacifica 1, sargassensis 1, undella 1; EPIOR. acuta 1; CRAT. armilla 1, urceolata 1; ACAN. conicoides. 1, lata 1, minutissima 1; PROTORH. simplex 3, striatura 2; RHAB. amor 20, cornucopia 1, exilis 1, indica 2, spiralis 7; RDPS. longicaulis 1, minima 1; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 2, attenuata 1, clavus 1, diffi- cilis 1, gigantea 1, inflata 2, messinensis 1; XYST. treforti 2; XPS. brandti 1, conicacauda 1, cyclas 1, cymatica 3, favata 1, hastata 1, heroica 1, insequalis 1, laticincta 1, paradoxa 1, spicata 1, tenuirostris 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ostenfeldi 1, ovata 2, parva 2, pentagona 1, perpusilla 2; UND. dilatata 3, hyalina 1, parva 1, ostenfeldi 1; AMPL. collaria 1, monocollaria 1, occidentalis 1; DICT. mitra 1, reticulata 4; STEEN. gracilis 1, robusta 1, steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 4; AMPHS. he vis 1, turbinea 1; ODONT. serrulata 1; DAD. cuspis 1, ganymedes 1; ORM. apsteini 1, bresslaui 1, cornucopia 1, schmidti 1, schweyeri 2; STEL. fenestrata 1, stelidium 1; EUT. elongatus 1, macilentus 1, pacificus 1, proeurrerens 1, tenuis 1, tubiformis 1, tubu- 444 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology losus 1, turgescens 1; DAT. ora 1; SALP. acuminata 2, curta 3, gra- cilis 1; SALPGC. unguiculata 1; EPICR. prismatica 1. 800-0 fms.: 100 loriefe counted; 114 identified; 49 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 1 ; CDLLPS. pacifica 5, parva 16, pura 5; CLIM. scalaria 3; CYTT. acutiformis 1, brandti 1, eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. lata 4, pacifica 2; EPIOR. acuta 1 ; PET. major 1 ; PROTORH. simplex 2; RHAB. amor 11, cornucopia 1, indica 1, spiralis 5; RDPS. longicaulis 1 ; PAR. aculeata l,inflata 3; XPS. brandti l,conicacauda 1, favata 1, hastata 4, heroica 1, insequalis 1, laticincta 1, paradoxa 3; PROP, ovata 2, parva 1, pentagona 1, perpusilla 1, tenuis 1, urna 1; UND. ostenfeldi 1, parva 2; DICT. reticulata 3; STEEN. steenstrupii 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 3; DAD. ganymedes 1; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. fraknoii 1, procurrerens 2; DAT. ora 3; SALP. acuminata 1, curta 1, faurei 1, jugosa 1. 4725. 11° 38' S.;110°5'W. 17-1-05. 77° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 100 identified; 21 spp.: COD. apicata 1%; CDNR. mucronata 1; CDLLPS. pura 1; CYTT. acutiformis 22, eucecryphalus 3; EPIP. exquisita 1, lata 2, pacifica 1, undella 14; RHAB. amor 1, indica 4, spiralis 31; RDPS. minima 3; XPS. brandti 1; PROP, globosa 3, pentagona 3; STEEN. robusta 1, steenstrupii 1; EUT. elongatus 6, macilentus 1, procurrerens 1. 4727. 13° 3' S.; 112° 44' W. 18-1-05. 77° F. Surface : 50 loricse counted ; 59 identified ; 28 spp. : COD. apicata 6%; CDNR. mucronata 2; CDLLPS. parva 2; COX. laciniosa 2; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. acutiformis 8, brandti 4, euce- cryphalus 1; EPIP. exquisita 4, lata 2, sargassensis 4, undella 6; PROTORH. simplex 4; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 22; RDPS. longi- caulis 4, minima 2; PROP, globosa 1 ; UND. hemispherica 2, hyalina 4; DICT. lepida 1, reticulata 8; STEEN. robusta 2, steenstrupii 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; DAD. ganymedes 2; EUT. procurrerens 1; SALP. acuminata 6. 4728. 13° 47' S.; 114° 21' W. 19-1-05. 77° F. 300-0 fms. : 100 loricse counted; 120 identified; 47 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 6, cuspidata 5; CDLLPS. inflata 3, parva 1, pura 6; CLIM. scalaria 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, brandti 1; KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 445 EPIP. constricta 6, pacifica 4, sargassensis 1; EPIOR. ralumensis 4; PET. major 1; PROTORH. simplex 2, striatum 1; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 16; RDPS. minima 1; PAR. attenuata 1, difficilis 2; XPS. brandti 1, cymatica 3, favata 1, paradoxa 2, tenuirostris 1; PROP, parva 3, perpusilla 2; UND. dilatata 1, hemispherica 1, hyalina 1, ostenfeldi 1; AMPLS. angularis 1; DICT. mitra 1, pacifica 1, reticu- lata 17, spinosa 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 3; ORM. schmidti 2; EUT. elongatus 1, procurrerens 3, tenuis 1; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. acuminata 2, curta 1, faurei 2, secata 1. 800-0 fms. : 50 lorica? counted; 55 identified; 29 spp. : COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 4; CDPS. pura 4; CLIM. scalaria 4; CYTT. acutiformis 14, brandti 4, eucecryphalus 2; EPIP. pacifica 4; EPIOR. ralumensis 2; PET. major 2; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 10; XYST. treforti 4; XPS. brandti 2, paradoxa 2, tenuirostris 2; PROP, claparedei 4, pentagona 2, perpusilla 1; UND. hyalina 4; DICT. reticulata 14, spinosa 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; ORM. schmidti 2; EUT. tenuis 4; SALP. acuminata 2, curta 2, faurei 2, gracilis 2. 4729. 14° 15' S.; 114° 13' W. 19-1-05. 78° F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 54 identified; 18 spp.: COD. apicata 6%; COX. laciniosa 2; CLIM. scalaria 4; CYTT. acutiformis 4, mucronata 2; EPIP. pacifica 6; RHAB. amor 1, cornu- copia 16; PAR. messinensis 2; XYST. treforti 1; PROP, claparedei 2, tenuis 2; UND. hemispherica 2 ; DICT. lepida 4, reticulata 18; AMPH. quadrilineata 22; EUT. colligatus 8, elongatus 2. 4730. 15° 7' S.; 117° 1' W. 20-1-05. 79° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricee counted; 125 identified; 63 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 11, cuspidata 3; CDLLPS. longa 6, parva 1, pura 1, turgescens 1; CLIM. scalaria 6, scalaroides 1; CYTT. brandti 3, eucecryphalus 1, mucronata 1; EPIP. lata 1, pacifica 5, sargassensis 1, undella 1; EPIOR. acuta 1, ralumensis 2; AC AN. minutissima 1; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 11; RDPS. longicaulis 2, minima 1; PAR. aculeata 1, attenuata 1, difficilis 1, gigantea 1, inflata 2; XYST. treforti 4; XPS. conicacauda 1, cyclas 1, cymatica 1, favata 2, hastata 1, paradoxa 1, tropica 1 ; PROP, claparedei 2, parva 2, pentagona 1, perpusilla 3; UND. declivis 1, hemispherica 2, ostenfeldi 2, parva 3; AMPL. collaria 1; AMPLS. angularis 1; DICT. reticulata 2; AMPH. minor 1, quadrilineata 4; ORM. schmidti 1, schweyeri 1; 446 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology STEL. fenestra ta 1; EUT. birictus 1, colligatus 3, elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, procurrerens 1; tenuis 4; SALP. acuminata 1, rotunda 1, secata 1; RHABDS. octogenata 1; EPICR. prismatica 1. 4731. 15° 47' S.; 118° 22' W. 20-1-05. 79° F. Surface: 50 loricae counted; 54 identified; 29 spp.: COD. apicata 2%; CLIM. scalaria 8; CYTT. acutiformis 2, brandti 2; EPIP. pacifica 6, sargassensis 1, undella 2; RPLA.B. amor 1, indica 14; RDPS. constricta 2, longicaulis 12; PAR. attenuata 2, difficilis 2; XYST. treforti 2; XPS. cymatica 2, insequalis 2, apicata 2; PROP, globosa 4, tenuis 2; UND. hemispherica 4; DICT. duplex 2, reticulata 1 ; STEEN. robusta 2, steenstrupii 2 ; AMPH. amphora 2, quadrilineata 10; EUT. colligatus 10, elongatus 4, tubiformis 2. 4732. 16° 32' S.; 119° 59' W. 21-1-05. 79° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 112 identified; 50 spp.: COD. amphorella 2%, apicata 8, cuspidata 4; CDNR. australis 1, mucronata 1; CDLLPS. longa 1, pacifica 1, pura 3; CLIM. scalaria 2; CYTT. brandti 6, eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. constricta 3, exquisita 1, sargassensis 15, undella 3; EPIOR. acuta 1, ralumensis 1; PET. major 4; RHAB. amor 1 ; RDPS. longicaulis 3; PAR. aciculifera 1, aculeata 1, acuta 1, inflata 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. conicauda 1, cyclas 1, cymatica 2, favata 1, insequalis 1, spicata 2; PROP, claparedei 1, ellipsoida 1, ostenfeldi 1, perpusilla 1; UND. declivis 4, hemispherica 1; AMPL. occidentalis 1; DICT. reticulata 4, spinosa 1; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; ORM. schmidti 1; BDT. palliata 3; EUT. birictus 1, brandti 1, colligatus 4, elongatus 1, procurrerens 1, tenuis 2; SALP. gracilis 6. 800 fathoms to surface: 100 loricre counted; 124 identified; 54 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, cuspidata 1, diomedse 1; CDLLPS. pacifica 1, pura 2; CLIM. leiospiralis 1, scalaria 10; CYTT. acutiformis 6, brandti 10, eucecryphalus 3, mucronata 1; POR. apicatus 1; EPIP. constricta 1, exquisita 1, impensa 1, sargassensis 2, undella 2; PET. major 7; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 1; RDPS. longicaulis 4; PAR. aculeata 2, inflata 1, messinensis 1; XYST. treforti 2; XPS. brandti 1, conicacauda 1, cyclas 2, heroica 1, spicata 1, tenuirostris 3; PROP, claparedei 1, parva 1; UND. hemispherica 1, ostenfeldi 1; DICT. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 447 reticulata 1 ; STEEN. steenstrupii 1 ; AMPH. quadrilineata 1 ; BDT. palliata 4; STEL. fenestrata 1; EUT. birictus 1, brandti 1, colligatus 12, elongatus 1, fraknoii 1, macilentus 1, procurrerens 1, tenuis 5, tubulosus 1, turgeseens 1; SALP. acuminata 1, faurei 1, ricta 5, sub- conica 1. 4733. 16° 57' S.; 120° 48' W. 21-1-05. 80° F. Surface: 15 loricse counted; 16 identified; 6 spp. : CLIM. sealaria 20%; EPIP. undella 40; RHAB. amor 1; RDPS. longicaulis 13; PROP, perpusilla 7; EUT. colligatus 20. 4734. 17°36'S.; 122° 35' W. 22-1-05. 81° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 161 identified; 82 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 4, cuspidata 1; CDNR. australis 1, lata 1; CDLLPS. longa 2, meridionalis 1, pura 7, turgeseens 1; COX. longa 1; CLIM. sealaria 2; CYTT. acutiformis 3, brandti 2, eucecry- phalus 2, mucronata 1, ricta 1; POR. curtus 1; EPIP. constricta 11, exquisita 1, impensa 1, pacifica 1, sargassensis 2, undella 2; EPIOR. acuta 1, ralumensis 1; ACAN. minutissima 1; PET. major 8; RHAB. amor 5, cornucopia 1, spiralis 1 ; RDPS. longicaulis 4; PAR. aciculifera 2, aculeata 1, difficilis 4, inflata 1, invaginata 1; XYST. treforti 5; XPS. brandti 1, conicacauda 1, cymatica 3, epigrus 1, insequalis 1, laticincta 1, paradoxa 1, tenuirostris 1, turgida 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ostenfeldi 1, parva 1, pentagona 1, perpusilla 1, tenuis 6; UND. declivis 1, hemispherica 1, hyalina 3, media 1, ostenfeldi 1; AMPL. collaria 1 ; AMPLS. angularis 1 ; DICT. pacifica 1 ; CANTH. brevis 1 ; STEEN. gracilis 1, robusta 1; AMPH. minor 3, quadrilineata 1; BDT. palliata 1; EUT. apertus 1, birictus 1, brandti 1, colligatus 3, fraknoii 1, lusus-undse 1, macilentus 1, procurrerens 1, tenuis 1, tubi- formis 4; SALP. acuminata 1, curta 1, gracilis 1, subconica 1 ; SALPGC. ampla 2, unguiculata 3. 4735. 18° 16' S.; 123° 34' W. 22-1-05. 81° F. Surface: 30 loricse counted; 34 identified; 14 spp.: COD. apicata 3%; CDLLPS. biedermanni 3, meridionalis 1; CYTT. brandti 3; EPIP. exquisita 14, constricta 21, undella 1; RHAB. cornucopia 3; RDPS. longicaulis 3; PROP, perpusilla 3, tenuis 3; UND. hemispherica 18; DICT. reticulata 21; EUT. elongatus 7. 448 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4736. 19° 4' S.; 125° 5' W. 23-1-05. 81° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 128 identified; 52 spp. : COD. apicata 4%, cuspidata 1 ; CDNR. australis 1 ; CDLLPS. bieder- manni 1, longa 2, meridionalis 1, pura 2; COX. longa 1; CLIM. sealaria 7; CYTT. brandti 8, eucecryphalus 7, mucronata 1, ricta 1; EPIP. constricta 8, exquisita 9, sargassensis 1, undella 1; AC AN. minutissima 1 ; PET. major 5; PROTORH. simplex 3; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 1, indica 3; RDPS. longicaulis 5; PAR. inflata 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. cyclas 1, favata 1, paradoxa 1, tenuirostris 1; PROP. ellipsoida 1, perpusilla 2, tenuis 1 ; UND. declivis 2, hemispherica 1, hyalina 1; AMPL. collaria 2; AMPLS. angularis 3; DICT. pacifica 1, reticulata 4, spinosa 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 1; BDT. palliata 1; EUT. elongatus 2, fraknoii 1, macilentus 1, tenuis 1, tubulosus 1; SALP. acuminata 2, ricta 1, subconica 1; SALPGC. unguiculata 1. 800-0 fms.: 6 loricse counted; 6 identified; 6 spp.: CYTT. brandti 1%; EPIP. constricta 1; RDPS. longicaulis 1; UND. hyalina 1; DICT. reticulata 1; EUT. colligatus 1. 4737. 19° 57' S.; 127° 20' W. 24-1-05. 81°.5 F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 114 identified; 41 spp.: COD. apicata 3%, cuspidata 6; CDNR. australis 1, benguelensis 1, lata 2; CDLLPS. biedermanni 1, longa 1, meridionalis 2, parva 1, pura 2; COX. longa 1; CLIM. sealaria 1; CYTT. acutiformis 1, brandti 16, eucecryphalus 5; POR. curtus 1; EPIP. constricta 6, exquisita 3, pacifica 5, sargassensis 11; PET. major 16; RDPS. longicaulis 3; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. dahli 1, laticincta 1, paradoxa 1; PROP, ostenfeldi 1, subangulata 3, urna 1; UND. declivis 1, hemi- spherica 2, hyalina 1 ; AMPL. collaria 1 ; AMPLS. angularis 2; CRIC. quadricincta 1; DICT. reticulata 3; AMPHS. quadrangula 1; EUT. brandti 1, fraknoii 1; SALP. faurei 2, rotundata 1. 550-400 fathoms (Peterson closing net) : 8 loricse counted; 8 identified; 4 spp.: EPIP. constricta 1; EPIOR. ralumensis 5; UND. ostenfeldi 1; EUT. stramentus 1. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 449 473S. 20° 27' S.; 128° 30' W. 24-I-'05. 81° F. Surface: 6 loricse counted; 6 identified; 6 spp. : CLIM. scalaria 17%; PROP, claparedei 17, perpusilla 17; EUT. elongatus 17, procurrerens 17; SALP. ricta 17. 4739. 22° 11' S.; 133° 21' W. 26-1-05. 79° F. Drift. Very small catches. 300-0 fms.: 1 lorica counted; 1 identified; 1 spp.: CYTT. eucecryphalus 100%. 800-0 fms.: 1 lorica counted; 1 identified; 1 spp.: UND. declivis 100%. 4740. 9° 2' S.; 123° 20' W. ll-II-'05. 81° F. 300-0 fms.: to surface: 100 loricre counted; 156 identified; 54 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%; CDNR. australis3; CDLLPS. biedermanni 1, inflata 3, meridionalis 1, pura 4; COX. laciniosa 1; CYTT. acuti- formis 1, brandti 1, eucecryphalus 1; EPIP. constricta 1, lata 3, pacifica 10, undella 6; EPIOR. ralumensis 7; PET. major 1; PRO- TORH. curta 1; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 8, indica 1; RDPS. longicaulis 1; PAR. aculeata 1, attenuata 1, difficilis 1, inflata 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. brandti 1, cymatica 3, favata 3, heroica 1, insequalis 1, paradoxa 2, tenuirostris 2; PROP, claparedei 2, ostenfeldi 2, parva 1, perpusilla 1; UND. hemispherica 6, ostenfeldi 1; AMPL. occidentalis 1; DICT. reticulata 3; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; AMPHS. tropica 3; DAD. ganymedes 1; BDT. palliata 1; STEL. simplex 1; EUT. elongatus 4, tenuis 4, tubiformis 4, tubulosus 1 ; DAT. striata 1 ; SALP. acuminata 3, faurei 1; EPICR. prismatica 1. 800-O fms.: 5 loricse counted; 5 identified; 4 spp.: RHAB. amor 20%; PROP, perpusilla 20; DICT. reticulata 20; EUT. tenuis 40. Salpa Stomach : 9 loricse counted ; 9 identified ; 6 spp. : COD. perforata 1; EPIP. deflexa 1; RHAB. amor 2; PROP, clapa- redei 1; DICT. reticulata 3; SALP. acuminata 1. 450 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 4741. 8° 29' S.; 122° 56' W. ll-II-'05. 80° F. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 28 identified; 12 spp.: COD. apicata 8%; CDLLPS. inflata 4, parva 16, speciosa 1; EPIP. pacifica 8, undella 4; RHAB. amor 1, cornucopia 8; UND. hemi- spherica 4; EUT. elongatus 16, tenuis 28, tubiformis 4. South Equatorial Current. Stations 4742, 4743, 4540 4742. 0° 3' S.; 117° 15' W. 15-11-05. 77° F. 300-0 fms.: 100 loricse counted; 176 identified; 71 spp.: TPS. rara 1%; COD. acuta 1, amphorella 1, apicata 1, cuspidata 3 CDNR. australis 1, mucronata 2; CDLLPS. inflata 4, longa 1, meri dionalis 1, minor 1, pacifica 1, parva 1, pura 1; COX. laciniosa 1 CLIM. scalaria 3; CYTT. acutiformis 1, longa 3; EPIP. blanda 4 constricta 2, deflexa 1, exquisita 1, lata 1, pacifica 4, undella 8; EPIOR ralumensis 1; PET. capsa 1, major 7, pacifica 2; PROTORH. simplex 1; RHAB. amor 1, conica 5, cornucopia 1, quantula 2, spiralis 5, striata 1; RDPS. triton 2; PAR. aculeata 2, attenuata 2, difficilis 1, inflata 1, invaginata 1; XYST. treforti 1; XPS. brandti 1, cymatica 2, dahli 3, dicymatica 2, favata 2, hastata 1, heroica 1, insequalis 1, kra- meri 1, paradoxa 1, pulchra 1, tenuirostris 6; PROP, ostenfeldi 1, ovata 4, parva 2; UND. declivis 1 ; DICT. reticulata 1 ; AMPH. quadrilineata 1; ALB. agassizi 1; BDT. palliata 1; EUT. fraknoii 1, pinguis 1, tenuis 1, tubiformis 2, turgescens 7; DAT. stramonium 1; SALP. ricta 1; EPICR. prismatica 1. 800-0 fms.: 25 loricse counted; 29 identified; 17 spp.: COD. amphorella 1%, apicata 8; STEN. nivalis 1; CDLLPS. pacifica 4; CYTT. acutiformis 8, longa 12; EPIP. blanda 2, pacifica 4, undella 6; PET. major 20, pacifica 8; RHAB. conica 8, spiralis 1; RDPS. triton 8; PROP, ovata 4; EUT. tenuis 1, turgescens 8. 4743. 0°21'N.;117°2'W. 15-11-05. 78° F. Surface: 100 loricse counted; 106 identified; 24 spp.: CDLLPS. minor 1%, speciosa 1; COX. laciniosa 2; CLIM. scalaria 5; CYTT. acutiformis 1; EPIP. blanda 2, deflexa 1, pacifica 15, undella 9; PET. major 4, pacifica 2; RHAB. amor 2, quantula 12, spiralis 15; KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 451 RDPS. triton 5; XYST. treforti 1; PROP, claparedei 1, ostenfeldi 1, ovata 10; UND. ostenfeldi 1; DICT. reticulata 10; STEEX. steen- strupii 2; AMPH. quadrilineata 2; EUT. fraknoii 1. 4540. 3° 25' X.; 115° 5' W. 17-II-'05. 79° F. Surface: 100 lorica? counted; 103 identified; 17 spp.: CLIM. scalaria 12%; EPIP. pacifica 1, undella 3; EPIOR. ralumensis 1; PET. major 1, pacifica 1; RHAB. amor 1, conica 1, cornucopia 1, quantula 2, spiralis 12; RDPS. intermedia 62, longicaulis 1; XYST. treforti 1 ; XPS. favata 1; PROP, claparedei 1; STEEX. steenstrupii 1. Equatorial Counter Current. Stations 4541, 4542 4541. 4° 55' X.; 112° 27' W. 18-11-05. 80° F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 50 identified; 8 spp.: CLIM. scalaria 12%; EPIP. undella 4; RHAB. conica 52, quantula 12; RDPS. triton 8; UXD. hemispherica 8; DICT. reticulata 2; EUT. tenuis 2. 4542. 7° 8' X.; 110° 45' W. 19-II-'05. 80° F. Surface: 20 loricse counted; 22 identified; 12 spp.: COD. cuspidata 5%; CDLLPS. meridionalis 5; CLIM. scalaria 10; EPIP. deflexa 5, lata 10, pacifica 25; RHAB. conica 1, quantula 1; RDPS. triton 25; PAR. caudata 5; PROP, parva 5; DICT. reticulata 5. Xorth Equatorial Current. Stations 4543, 4544. 4543. 8° 52' X.; 108° 54' W. 20-11-05. 79° .7 F. Surface: 50 loricse counted; 51 identified; 14 spp.: CDLLPS. pura 2%; CLIM. scalaria 4, scalaroides 2; PROTORH. curta 12; RHAB. amor 10, quantula 6; RDPS. triton 34; PROP, parva 2; UXD. ostenfeldi 2; DICT. reticulata 1; STEEX. steenstrupii 2; AMPH. minor 2, quadrilineata 18; EUT. elongatus 4. 4544. 10° 38' X.; 106° 47' W. 21-II-'05. 80° F. Surface: Xo Tintinnoinea. 452 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology Mexican Current. Stations 4545, 4546. 4545. 12° 42' N.; 104° 45' W. 22-11-05. 79° F. Surface: 50 loricae counted; 68 identified; 14 spp.: COD. cuspidata 2%; CLIM. scalaria 2; EPIP. lata 10, pacifica 4; RHAB. amor 1, conica 2, quantula 68; RDPS. triton 2; DICT. reticu- lata 1; STEEN. steenstrupii 1; DAD. acutiformis 2, bulbosa 2; EUT. elongatus 4, pinguis 2. 4546. 14° 50' N.; 101° 31' W. 23-11-05. 81° F. Mexican Current. Surface: 25 loricse counted; 38 identified; 8 spp.; CLIM. scalaria 4%; CYTT. eucecryphalus 4; EPIP. pacifica 8; RHAB. amor 16, quantula 60; PROP. claparedei4; AMPH. quadrilin- eata 4; EUT. elongatus 1. Harbor Collections. Surface. Panama, off Taboguilla Island and Flamenco Island. 31-X-04. 80° F. 3 spp.: TPS. beroidea abundant; STEN. nivalis common; MET. corbula abundant. Panama Harbor. 25-X-'04. 8 spp. : TPS. beroidea abundant, fennica 1, karajacensis 4, panamensis very abundant, radix 5; STEN. nivalis common; MET. corbula abundant; FAV. panamensis abundant; AMPHS. acuta 1. Callao Harbor. 23-XI-04. 1 spp. : HELIC, longa 1. Acapulco Harbor, Mexico. 26-11-05. 83° F. TPS. beroidea abundant; STEN. nivalis 4; FAV. panamensis 1. DISCUSSION OF DISTRIBUTION The records of the number of species of Tintinnoinea at the 130 record stations exhibit a diversity indicative of great contrasts in the results of the processes of speciation and adaptation in this large group of ciliate Protozoa within the area explored. These ciliates are feeders primarily on the nannoplankton composed of bacteria and the smaller Protophyta and Protozoa. The relative abundance of this plankton KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 453 in the different currents traversed is reflected in the quantity of the catch of the fine silk nets, largely composed of organisms directly or indirectly feeding upon this finer plankton. The number of species of Tintinnoinea at the several stations bears no direct relation to the quantity of the plankton in the hauls. The quantity was noticeably greatest in the Peruvian Current but the species of the tintinnid fauna in the representative 300-0 fms. hauls were at the minimum of all ten regions, averaging 28 and ranging from 5 to 50 species per haul. On the other hand the quantity of plankton in the fine net hauls (No. 20 silk) in the South Equatorial Drift was relatively much less than in the Peruvian Current but speciation of tintinnids was at a maximum, averaging 61 and ranging from 1 to 109 species per station. The following table summarizes the range and average number of species of tintinnids per station in hauls from surface and 300-0 fms. grouped by currents or areas. The order of relative extent of speciation in surface hauls is: — California Current, 12-50 (28) species; South Equatorial Current, 17-24 (21); Drift, 1-37 (18); Panamic Area, 3-32 (18); Mexican Current, 8-31 (16); Peruvian Current, 1-32 (11); Gala- pagos Eddy, 4-17 (10) ; Counter Equatorial Current, 8-12 (10) ; Easter Island Eddy, 3-14 (8); North Equatorial Current 0-14 (7); and Harbors, 1-8 (4). The small number of hauls in the line from Manga Reva to Acapulco reduces the significance of the findings in the South, North, and Counter Equatorial Currents. RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF SPECIES AT RECORD STATIONS Surface 300-0 Fms. Total Region Sta. Range Aver. Sta. Range Aver. Sta. Range Aver California 5 12-50 28 4 41-65 49 9 12-65 38 Mexican Current 8 8-31 16 5 31-50 39 13 8-50 25 Peruvian Current 17 1-32 11 16 5-50 28 32 1-50 20 Panamic Area 13 3-32 18 7 6-49 32 20 3-49 22 Galapagos Eddy 2 4-17 10 2 55-84 70 5 4-85 34 Easter Island Eddy 6 3-14 8 5 30-47 40 11 3-47 23 South Equatorial Drift 22 1-37 18 24 1-109 61 46 1-109 41 South Equatorial Current 2 17-24 21 1 71 3 17-71 38 Equatorial Counter Current 2 8-12 10 — — 2 8-12 10 North Equatorial Current 2 0-14 7 — — 2 0-14 7 Harbors 4 1-8 3.8 4 1-8 3.8 454 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology The order of relative frequency in species in hauls from 300-0 fms. is South Equatorial Current, 71; Galapagos Eddy, 55-84 (70); Drift, 1-109 (61) ; California Current, 41-65 (49) ; Easter Island Eddy, 30^7 (40); Mexican Current, 31-50 (39); Panamic Area, 6^9 (32); and Peruvian Current, 5-50 (28). The differences between the patterns of distribution of the number of species in the hauls from the two levels are the resultant of many factors among which are the fertilizing chem- ical substances in solution, the effects of vertical migrations, the drift of surface waters as affected by wind, and the more immediate effects of light on certain of the food organisms in the nannoplankton. For these reasons the findings in hauls from 300-0 fms. may have a greater significance than in those from the surface. There is throughout the records of numbers of species in hauls from the same or adjacent stations a noticeably greater number of species in the haul from 300-0 fms. The average number of species in 79 hauls from the surface is 16 as compared with 46 in 64 hauls from 300-0 fms. This increase of 300% is correlated with the known greater frequency of the Coccolithophoridse at about 50 meters, and probably with the greater frequency of bacteria in the zones of decay near the light floor. The hauls from 300-0 fms. evidently fished the zone of great frequency of tintinnids. Hauls from 800-0 fms. made on the vertical wire at hydrographic stations did not show any significant difference either in number of species or in the constituent members of the fauna from those from 300-0 fms. No additions to the fauna and no signifi- cant shift in the representation of the constituent species was consis- tently present when the level from 800-300 fms. was added to the 300-0 fms. This is in sharp contrast to the increase in number and variety when the comparison is made between surface hauls and all those from deeper levels. Small wing nets on the trawl fishing from over 2000-0 fms. did not reveal any increase in species or any trace of an abyssal tintinnid fauna. There is striking evidence of a very large area of great occurrence of tintinnid species crossed by Callao-Easter Island line, the Easter Island-Galapagos line, and the Galapagos-Manga Reva line above 28° S. south of the equator, and west of 90° W. The one station (4740, 300-0 fms., 54 species) extends this farther to the west, and the record of 71 species from 300-0 fms. at Sta. 4742 in the South Equatorial Current suggests its northward extension. This is one of the largest areas of least continental disturbance of oceanic conditions in all seas. It has no great amount either of bottom fauna (see Agassiz, 1906) and no great quantity of plankton such as to impede greatly the penetra- KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 455 tion of light or other forms of radiant energy. It presents an efflores- cence of these ciliate Protozoa comparable to that in many other specialized groups of tropical plants and animals. Another center of abundance of species occurs in the California Current in which the number of species in hauls from 300-0 fms. increases from 41 off San Diego to 65 off Cape San Lucas. The number of species in both surface and deeper hauls declines in the cooler waters of the Peruvian Current as the stations approach the coast. They also decline in numbers irregularly down the coast between Cape San Lucas into the Panamic Area. An even greater decline is found east of the Galapagos and north of Aguja Point. Parts at least of this Panamic Area exhibit features of impoverishment of the plankton, possibly due to exhaustion of essential nitrates and phos- phates in a somewhat circumscribed region. It is noteworthy that, although collections were made as far south as 28° S., not a single species of the Antarctic genera, Laackmanniella, Protocymatocylis, or Cymatocylis was found in the plankton. This indicates that temperature is a decisive factor in the distribution of these tintinnids and that their loricse do not float great distances. There is, however, evidence in Gulf Stream water of invasion of at least a few species from warm seas into more northern waters. Decay of loricse may be more rapid in the warmer tropical seas. Throughout the station records there are many instances of the coin- cident occurrence in the same haul of two or more species of the same genus, both in genera with many and in those with few species. This coincidence in intermediate hauls is more evident than in surface hauls in part because there are more species present in the former, and doubt- less in part because of stratification. However, the surface hauls con- tain abundant evidence of coincidence. There is no evidence of the isolation of geographic species and subspecies among these highly speciated genera of ciliates. Closely related species occur together con- sistently over wide areas. Isolation by barriers seems unnecessary as a basis for the origin of species among these ciliates. Sexual reproduc- tion occurs among them and physiological isolation based on behavior and on structure of the body and of the lorica is possible. SUMMARY 1. This Report deals with the Tintinnoinea of the Agassiz Expedi- tion of the U S.S. Albatross to the Eastern Tropical Pacific from October 6, 1904 to February 24, 1905, traversing six lines on its route 456 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology as follows: — (1) San Francisco to Panama; (2) Panama to Callao; (3) Callao to Easter Island; (4) Easter Island to the Galapagos Islands; (5) Galapagos Islands to Manga Reva; and (6) Manga Reva to Aca- pulco, Mexico. 2. Plankton collections were made with No. 12 and No. 20 silk nets at 130 stations en route and at anchorages in harbors. Hauls were vari- ously made at these stations, at the surface at 8 P.M., from 300-0 fathoms at 8 A.M., at the hydrographic stations from 800-0 fathoms, occasionally on trawls from the bottom to the surface, and sometimes from other depths than 300 fathoms. 3. The Tintinnoinea, as a whole, have been revised on the basis of previous literature and the collections of this Expedition. The revision appears in the main in our Conspectus (Kofoid and Camp- bell, 1929), but our final conclusions and the fuller description of the Tintinnoinea of the Expedition are contained in this Report. In this revision, in its final form, we recognize 13 families and 7 subfamilies, 62 genera, 24 subgenera, and 753 species. 4. The Tintinnoinea include 13 families of which all but one, the Tintinnididse, are represented in the collections of the Expedition. One new family, the Epiploeylidse, is proposed in this Report, and two new subfamilies are established, Coxliellinse and Tintinninse, making a total of 7. To the 51 genera of our Conspectus (1929) we have added 9 new genera, as follows : — Codonaria, Codonopsis, Epiorella, Epi- cancella, Epirhabdonella, Proamphorella, Prostelidiella, Eutintinnus, and Rhabdosella (in subgeneric status; K. and C, 1929), making a total of 62 genera. Wailesia and Luminella we have described (1937) elsewhere. Of the eight subgenera of our Conspectus (1929) four, Coxliella, Protocochliella, Undellopsis, and Undellicricos are retained; Epiplocylis and Salpingella (as subgenera only) are withdrawn; Epicancella and Rhabdosella are raised from subgeneric to generic rank, and 20 other new subgenera are established, viz. : — Codonelloides, Codonel- lopsis, Proclimacocylis, Climacocylis,. Protorhabdonella, Eurhabdon- ella, Proxystonella, Xystonella, Spiroxystonella, Protoxystonellopsis, Proxystonellopsis, Paraxystonellopsis, Xystonelloides, Macroxystonel- lopsis, Xystonellopsis, Euxystonellopsis, Parundellopsis, Eutintinnus, Ceratotintinnus, and Odontotintinnus. From the collections of the Expedition we report here 50 genera and 347 species. Of these genera 27 are new, 19 are described in our Con- spectus (1929) and 8 in this Report. In our Conspectus (1929) we described 204 new species (including new names) from the collections KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 457 of the Expedition. To these we add 25 new species in this Report, making a total of 229 new species. The new species added in this Report are: — Tintinnopsis ornata and rara; Coxliella fabricatriz; Climacocylis leiospiralis; Epiplocylis symmetrica; Epirhabdonella coro- nata and mucronata; Rhabdonellopsis constricta; Parundella elongata; Xystoncllopsis parr a, tropica, and turgida; Undella mammilata and media; Amplectella bulbosa; Undellopsis angulata and truncata; Dadayi- ella acutiformis; Salpingclla incurva, laminata, sinistra, and tuba; and Epicranella bellissima, dextra, and magnified. We have described else- where 3 other new species, which are not in the collections but were involved in revisions, viz., Favella thori; Undella minuta; and Undel- lopsis nuda. The Expedition collections and the revision based thereon have increased the number of species in the Tintinnoinea by 51% over those hitherto known. 5. The confusing and complicated trinomial and quadrinomial system initiated by Brandt (1907, 1908) is uniformly reduced to a binomial system. Relationships among these species are presented by series of species, named after the simplest members without incorpo- rating any new systematic category in nomenclature. 6. Morphological grounds for regarding the Tintinnoinea as a suborder of the Heterotrichida are given . They constitute the largest known suborder of the Ciliata. 7. The classification of the Tintinnoinea is based upon the compar- ative morphology of the lorica and the coagulated patterns of the colloidal secretions forming the substance of the wall of the lorica of the various families. The genera are founded upon the structural features of the lorica such as collar; bowl; aboral horn; circumoral channel, lip, rim and teeth; suboral nuchal constriction; longitudinal or spiral wings, fins, strise, free lines and reticulations of the bowl; transverse or spiral lamina?, rings, and bulges on or in the collar and bowl; pedicel, knob, and canal below the bowl; and point, horn, rim, canal, and opening at the aboral end. Genera are distinguished by the addition or loss of one or more of these structural units. Species are distinguished by dimensions, proportions, and relative development or number of the structural units. 8. Evidence is presented from the comparative morphology of the lorica that there are two major regions of differentiation, the circum- and suboral region, and the aboral. Prior to the formation of the lorica the lorica-forming secretion is centered in the oral region of the anterior daughter prior to and during binary fission. When this secretion is discharged the lorica formed out of it is apparently tooled into its 458 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology specific pattern by the spiraling of the daughter animals and the definitive action of their membranelles and interpolated structures of both daughters, and probably also by the vertical lateral ciliary mem- brane of the anterior daughter. The anterior part of the new lorica is shaped by the anterior daughter and the aboral region by the posterior one. The lorica is thus the specific product of the differential behavior of the two schizonts in the later stages of binary fission. The rotation of the animals on their long axis provides for spiral and transverse structures of the lorica and radially arranged membranelles and longi- tudinal rows of cilia on the body provide for the longitudinal and steeply spiral structures of the lorica. Alveolation, reticulation, and zonation of both of these and of coccoliths, are concerned, at least in part, with the colloidal nature of the wall-forming substance, its relative rate of out-pouring during its discharge, and its mode or modes of coagulation. 9. The lorica is an adaptive structure for directed locomotion. 10. The length and diameter of the lorica vary within the species, but relatively less than the proportions. This variation exhibits rather generally among many species a correlation with temperature. The larger loricse occur in cooler regions of the area of distribution and the smaller loricre in the warmer ones, in approximation to Van't Hoff's law. There are exceptions to this correlation which may be due to the effects of vertical movements of water or of the individuals. 11. The tropical seas are the region of greatest evolution of the Tintinnoinea as shown both by speciation and by generic diversifica- tion. The pelagic Tintinnoinea of the tropical waters are cosmopolitan. There is little or no valid evidence of geographic boundaries or limita- tions of species to particular oceans. There is more evidence for limita- tion of species by temperature, and to comparable currents in different seas. The loricse of the Tintinnoinea are suitable guide species for tracing the route and spread of currents. 12. There is abundant evidence of the coincident occurrence of species of the same genus in the same regions and even within the narrow limits of the uppermost meter within which the surface collec- tions of the Expedition were taken. Isolation, if present, is not geo- graphical but functional. There is some evidence of vertical stratifica- tion. 13. A considerable number of species are absent from or rare in surface collections and presumably belong to the fauna of deeper levels, affording opportunity for superposed stratification of faunas. 14. A relatively few species are very abundant, the great majority KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 459 of them being rare and constituting less than 2% each of the total tintinnid population. This is a corollary of the great speciation of these ciliates in tropical seas. 15. The tropical tintinnid fauna merges gradually into the sub- tropical and temperate, but less with reference to latitude than to the direction and flow of currents. 16. The arctic and antarctic tintinnids are largely distinct from each other. Parafavella and Ptychocylis are arctic genera and Proto- cymatocylis, Cymatoeylis and Laackmanniella are antarctic genera. Not a single species of these distinctive genera occurred in the collec- tions of the Expedition. 17. The Tintinnidida? and Codonellidse are the most primitive fam- ilies. In them the lorica is less definitely organized, there is more evi- dence of agglomeration of unshaped lorica-forming substance, more evidence of spiral structure, and less definition and characteristic modelling of the oral and aboral regions than in the higher families such as the Xystonellopsida? and Tintinnida?. From these basic fam- ilies, especially the Codonellopsida?, the other families radiate in vari- ous, more or less interconnected lines of differentiation. 18. The structure of the lorica affords a very satisfactory basis for a logical and natural system of classification of the tintinnids into species, genera, and families and of detecting relationships among them. A method of drawing all species to the same magnification and arrang- ing the species in series has facilitated the systematic analysis of the suborder. Many drawings all of the same scale of individual loricse have aided in finding the limits of intraspecific variation and bringing out diagnostic characteristics of species. 19. Species of genera, especially the larger ones, can be arranged in orthogenetic series based on morphological characters such as increase in size, progressive emergence of certain basic generic characteristics, and, in a few cases, of repetition of parts. 460 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology LITERATURE CITED All papers cited in this monograph but not found in this bibliography are listed in the "Literature Cited" of our Conspectus (1929, vol. 34, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.). ALZAMORA, M. M. 1929. Contribucion al estudio de los infusorios de la Bahia de Palma de Mallorca. Nota secunda; Notes y Resumenos, (Madrid, Ministerio de Fomento Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia) ser. 2, no. 32, 16 pp., 28 figs, in text. APSTEIN, C. 1915. Nomina conservanda. Sitzungsbericht d. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1915, 119-202. ATHANASSOPOULOS, G. D. 1930. L'action de la salinite sur les formes planktoniques. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 55, 472-474, 2 figs, in text. CAMPBELL, A. S. 1929. House-forming material in a marine ciliate. Anat. Rec, 44, 247. 1930. Membranelles of Stenosemella nivalis. Anat. Rec, 47, 347-348. CLEVE, P. T. 1901b. Plankton from the Red Sea. Of v. Kgl. Vet. Akad. Forh., 57 (1900), 1025-1038, 3 figs, in text. DARWIN, C. 1839. Journal of researches into the geology and natural history of the various countries visited by H. M. S. "Beagle" under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., from 1832 to 1836 (London, Henry Colburn), xiv + 615 pp., 2 maps. GRAF, FRANZ 1909. Biologie. In, "Forschungsreise" S. M. S. "Planet", 1906-1907, 4, 1-198, 8 pis., 1 map, 36 figs, in text. HADA, Y. 1932a. Descriptions of two new neritic Tintinnoinea, Tintinnopsis japonica and Tps. kofoidi, with a brief note on an unicellular organism parasitic on the latter. Proc. Imp. Acad., Japan, 8, 209-212, 3 figs, in text. 1932b. The Tintinnoinea from the Sea of Okhotsk, and its neighborhood. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., (6), 2, 37-59, 23 figs, in text. 1932c. Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. 26. The pelagic Ciliata, suborder Tintinnoinea. Sci. Reports Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sendai, 7, 553-573, 26 figs, in text. KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 461 H.ECKEL, E. 18S1. Entwui'f eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschr., 15, 418-472. HEALD, ELIZABETH 1911. The correlation of variation in Tintinnus with temperature. Thesis for degree of M. S., University of California. Mss. Library of Uni- versity of California. HOEK, P. P. C. 1902. Rapport over de oorzaken van den achteruitgang in hcedanigheid van de Zeeuwsche cester. Ministerie van Waterstaat, Handel en Nijverheid (S'-Gravenhage, van Cleef). iv + 176 pp., 5 pis., 1 map, 7 tables. HOFKER, J. 1922. De Protozoen. Pp. 127-183, figs. 1-91 in text in Redeke, H. C, "Flora en Fauna der Zuiderzee, monografie van een brakwater- gebied" (Helder, de Boer, Jr.), viii + 460 pp. 1930. Besprechung des Conspectus von Kofoid und Campbell. Natur- wissenschaften, 18, 395. 1931a. Die Bildung der Tintinnengehause. Tijd. Nederlandsche Dierk. Vereen., (3), 2, 144-149, 12 figs, in text. 1931b. Studien iiber Tintinnoidea. Arch. Prot., 75, 315-401, 89 figs, in text. KOFOID, C. A. 1930. Factors in the evolution of the pelagic Ciliata, the Tintinnoinea. Contrib. Marine Biology (Stanford University, Stanford University Press), pp. 1-39, 31 figs, in text. KOFOID, C. A. and CAMPBELL, A. S. 1929. A conspectus of the marine and fresh-water Ciliata belonging to the suborder Tintinnoinea, with descriptions of new species principally from the Agassiz Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 1904- 1905. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 34, 1-403, 697 figs, in text. KOFOID, C. A.m and SKOGSBERG, T. 1928. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross", from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. -Commander L. M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. XXXV. The Dinoflagellata : the Dinophysoidea. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, 51, 766 pp., 31 pis., 103 figs, in text. KOFOID, C. A., and SWEZY, O. 1921. The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. Mem. Univ. Calif., 5, viii -f- 562 pp., 12 pis., 388 figs, in text. 462 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY LINDEMANN, E. 1924. Von Plankton warmer Meere. Naturwissenschaften, 12, 887-895, 10 figs, in text. LINKO, A. K. 1913. Zooplankton of the Siberian ice-sea in the collections of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900-1903. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peters- burg, Phys.-Math. Section, 29, No. 4, 1-51, pis. 1-2. (In Russian). MINKIEWITSCH, R. K. 1903. On a new species of Codonella in the plankton of the Asov and Aral Seas. Reports of the Turkestan Div., Imp. Russ. Geog. Soc, Sci. Results Aral Exped., 3, 43-46, figs. 1-7 (In Russian). MURRAY, JOHN 1876. Preliminary reports to Professor Wyville Thompson, F. R. S., Director of the civilian scientific staff on work done on board the "Challenger". Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 24, 471-544, pis. 21-24, . 1 map. OSTWALD, W. 1903a. Zur Theorie der Schwebevorgange sowie der specifischen Gewichts- bestimmungen schwebender Organismen. Arch. ges. Physiol., 94, 251-272. 1903b. Zur Theorie der Richtungsbewegungen schwimmender niederen Organismen. Ibid., 95, 23-65, 9 figs, in text. SCHTTLZ, B., and WULFF, A. 1929. Hydrographie und Oberflachen plankton der Westlichen Barents- meeres in Sommer 1927. Berichte d. deutschen wiss. Komm. f. Meeresforsch., N. F., 4, 235-369, pis. 1-13, 25 figs, in text. INDEX OF GENERA New genera, subgenera, and species and the main reference are italicised Acanthostomella 24, 30, 89, 103, 125, 139, 140-1, 143-7, 325 Albatrossiella 28, 31, 156, 313, 322, 329, 333, 338-40 Amphorella 12, 15, 17, 26-28, 30, 91, 103, 123, 140-1, 143, 312-3, 318-9, 322-3, 325-34, 338, 340-7, 349, 359, 388 Amphorellopsis 15, 26, 28, 31, 312-3, 322, 328-9, 333-8, 340-2, 347 Amplectella 14, 23, 25, 30, 244-5, 256-7, 266-72, 282-3, 457 Amplectellopsis 25, 30, 210, 244-5, 257, 266, 271-8, 282 Brandtiella .31, 314, 328, 351-3, 355 Bursaopsis 15, 26, 179, 311-3, 317-9, 325, 339, 340, 347, 361, 376, 388 Canthariella 15, 28, 30, 312-14, 820-22, 329, 338, 340, 347 Campanella 43 Climacocylis 12-14, 19-22, 28, 30, 66, 89, 90-1, 95-103, 108, 123,203, 235, 316, 457 Codonaria 12, 17, 22, 27-30, 37, 42, 44, 55-60, 134, 147, 394, 456 Condonella 10, 12, 15, 17, 22, 25, 27-8, 30, 36-7, 42-55, 59, 60-1, 68, 70, 76, 84, 103, 134, 147, 150, 291, 302, 314, 394 Codonellopsis 12, 14, 17, 22, 27-8, 30, 43-4, 62-89, 123-4, 150, 285, 316, 325 Codonopsis 22, 30, 37, 60-2, 107-8, 456 Coxliella 14, 17, 22, 30, 89, 90-6, 108, 123, 457 Craterella 24, 28, 30, 89, 103, 108, 139-43, 147, 154, 329 Cricundella 23, 25, 30, 210, 244-5, 257, 266, 281-4 Cymatocylis 15, 23-4, 107-8, 117-9, 125, 153, 189, 394, 459 Cyttarocylis 12, 14, 17, 27-8, 30, 34-5, 51, 60-1, 66, 90, 96, 103, 107-17, 119, 122-3, 128, 138, 140, 143, 147, 154, 158, 170, 179, 182, 202, 207, 209, 285, 314, 316, 330, 344, 359, 394 Cytharocylis Ill Dadayiella 15, 26-28, 31, 312-3, 315, 318-9, 322, 325, 328-9, 334, 338-47, 394, 400, 457 Daturella 15, 26, 31, 234, 310-1, 315-7, 340, 359, 375-80, 392, 400 Dictyocysta 15, 25-28, 30, 46, 57, 59, 63, 140, 150, 284-310, 394 Epicancella 15, 23-4, 30, 117, 125-6, 134, 137-9, 273, 456 Epicranella 15, 26, 28, 31, 311, 315-7, 337, 359, 380-1, 393-4, 400-7, 457 Epiorella 23-4, 27-8, 30, 117, 125-6, 134-8, 273, 456 Epiplocylis 15, 23, 25, 27-8, 30, 117, 125-34, 137-8, 456-7 Epirhabdonella 28, 30, 153-4, 158- 60, 456-7 Eutintinnus 12, 13, 17, 21, 27-8, 31-2, 311-2, 315-9, 325, 358-76, 380, 392, 394, 400, 456 Favella 12, 14-18, 22-3, 25, 30, 67, 104, 107-8, 113, 117-9, 464 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology 122-5, 189-92, 202, 218, 367, 394, Protorhabdonella 15, 24, 25, 30, 100, 457 153-60, 179, 339 Ptychocylis 14, 23^, 68, 103, 107, Helicostomella 12, 30, 89, 90, 103, 117~9- 125~7> 133> 138> 177~9> 105-6, 123, 325 182> 273> 394> 459 Hystonella 207 Rhabdonella 12, 15, 17, 24, 27-8, T , -'n to k oi o Ro q 30' 66' 147' 153_4' 158~82> 202> Laackmanmella 13-o, 21-2, 62-3, ' ' 66,105,310,316,459 tJ uV /, ?! o, ™ a on t +• *■ io ia oo or * «q Rhabdonellopsis 15, 24, 27-8, 30, 66,68,310-1,316 34Q 45? ^tf^f 25_6' 62"4' 67_8' ^aMa 15, 31, 311, 315-7, 359, £ttor*>, 4bb 380-1,393,399-40^,456 Metacylis 14, 24, 28, 30, 89, 90, Salpingacantha 15, 20, 26, 28, 31-2, 103-6, 139, 325 3Uj 315_7; 336; 340j 359) 380_1( 393-99 Odontophorella 15, 26, 28, 31, Salpingella 15, 17, 26-8, 31-2, 234, 311-13, 315, 322, 329, 333, 312, 315-7, 321-2, 333, 340, 359, 336-38, 340, 394 376, 380-94, 399, 400, 402, 456-7 Ormosella 15, 26, 31, 314, 329, 340, Sethocephalus 114 346-51, 352, 355, 400 Sethocorida 114 Steenstrupiella 15, 26, 28, 30, 313, Parafavella 23, 25, 33, 107-9, 117-8, 321-5, 328-9, 333, 338, 340, 347 122, 189-91, 202, 210, 311, 394, Stelidiella 15, 26, 31, 156, 311, 314- 459 5, 323, 351, 353-8, 394 Parundella 24-5, 27-8, 30, 122-3, Stelidium 355 189-202, 209-11, 214, 244-5, 256, Stenosemella 12-14, 30, 44, 62-5, 67, 457 284, 286, 302 Petalotricha 12, 15, 24, 30, 48, 51, Stichotricha 322 66, 89, 103, 139-40, 146-53, 286, 394 Tintinnidium 10, 12, 16, 22, 35-7, Platycryphalus 114 312, 316, 318-9, 360-1 Porella 118 Tintinnopsis 10, 12, 14, 17-9, 21-3, Poroecus 23, 25, 30, 107-8, 117-22, 30, 36-43, 62, 64-8, 70, 89, 91, 189, 202 108, 119, 123, 125, 191, 286, Proamphorella 311, 313, 318-9, 339, 311-2, 316, 406-7, 457 347, 456 Tintinnus 35-6, 43, 103, 111, 122, Proplectella 21, 24-5, 27-8, 30, 140, 143, 147, 179, 190, 209, 245, 244-57, 264, 266, 282 256, 311-3, 315-9, 322, 325-8, Prostelidiella 28, 31, 311, 314, 333-4, 339-40, 342-7, 350-1, 355, 353-5, 456 359-61, 363, 367-8, 374-5, 381, Protocymatocylis 15, 107, 108, 117, 388, 398 118, 125, 189, 459 Trichoda 317, 319 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 465 Undella 14, 25, 27-8, 30, 122, 140, 147, 190, 202, 205, 209, 242, 244-5, 247, 250, 256-66, 273^, 282, 338, 457 Undellopsis 25, 28, 30, 210, 244-5, 256-7, 266, 272-82, 457 Xystonella 12, 25, 27-8, 30, 96, 108, 156, 189, 190, 202-10, 215, 238, 242, 394 Xystonellopsis 14-5, 20, 23, 25, 27-8, 30, 66, 108, 143, 156, 188, 189, 191, 202-3, 208-43, 257, 314, 316, 394, 457 Wailesia 24, 139, 140, 147, 286, 456 INDEX OF Ceratotintinnus 316, 358-9, 362-3, 456 Climacocylis 14, 96, 456 Cochliella 91 Codonelloides 68-9, 456 Codonellopsis 68-9, 456 Coxliella 91, 456 Eurhabdonella 153-5, 456 Eutintinnus 359, 362-3, 456 Euxystonellopsis 209, 212-3, 456 Macroxystonellopsis 212-3, 456 Odontotintinnus 315, 358, 862-3, 394, 456 Paraxystonellopsis 211, 214, 243, 456 Parundellopsis . 191, 209, 213-4, 456 SUBGENERA Proclimacocylis 96, 456 Protocochliella 91, 456 Protorhabdonella 154, 456 Protoxystonellopsis 191, 209-12, 218, 456 Proxystonella 203, 456 Proxystonellopsis 211-13, 456 Rhabdonella 138 Salpingella 380-1 Spiroxystonella 203, 456 Undellicricos 14, 274, 282, 456 Undellopsis 14, 274, 456 Xystonella 203, 456 Xystonelloides 211-2, 233, 456 Xystonellopsis 212, 456 INDEX OF SPECIES abbreviata 212, 214 aberrans 160-1 acantharus 333 acerca 44 aciculifera 122-3, 191 aculeata 190-2, 210, 214, 257 acuminata, Cyttarocylis 108-9 acuminata, Dictyocysta 285 acuminata, Epiplocylis 126 acuminata, Salpingella 234, 321, 380-3, 392, 398 acuminata, Xystonellopsis, 211, 215 acuminata, Tintinnopsis. . .119, 191 acuminatoides 381 acuminatus 381, 398 acus 203, 238 acuta, Amphorella 334, 342 acuta, Amphorellopsis . 333-4, 341-2 466 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology acuta, Codonella 15, 22, 44, 51 acuta, Craterella 140-1 acuta, Cyttarocylis 109-12 acuta, Dadayiella 334, 341-2 acuta, Epiorella 134-5 acuta, Parundella 190-1, 193 acuta, Proplectella 245 acutiformis, Cyttarocylis 14, 109- 10, 112 acutiformis, Dadayiella 328, 334, 341-2, 457 acutula 44~5 acutus, Tintinnus 328 adriatica 123 agassizi 156, 338, 339 alata 340, 381 altiplicata 317, 381 americana 68-9 amor 24, 160-1, 169, 175, 177 amphora, Amphorella 325-32 amphora, Proplectella 245-6 amphora, Tintinnus 325-30 amphorella 43-4, 46, 84 ampla, Amplectella 256, 266-7 ampla, Coxliella 91 ampla, Dictyocysta 287 ampla, Salpingacantha 394-5 ampulla 12, 147-8, 151 anadyomene 159-60, 256 angularis 272 angulata 274, 457 angusta, Codonaria 55 angusta, Daturella 315-6, 376 angustatus 362-3 angustior 245 annulata, Coxliella 43 annulata, Metacylis 103 annulatus 23, 43, 119 annulifera 103 anularis 275 anularius 274-6, 279 aperta 311, 316 apertus 17, 315, 360-3, 367-8, 371 apicata 44, 47, 84 apicatus 120 apiculata 140, 286 apiculatus 118, 120 apophysata 182, 187 apsteini ' 347 arcuata 123 armata 202, 209, 211, 215, 257 armilla 139, 140, 141 aspera 42, 44, 48, 51 atlantica 126, 287 attenuata, Parundella 191, 194, 257 attenuata, Salpingella 381, 383, 390 attenuata, Undella. . .256, 258, 282 attenuatus 362-3 attingata 123, 394 australis 55 avellana 64-5 azorica 118, 122-3 bella 402 bellissima 402-3, 457 benguelensis 55-6 beroidea 23, 37-8, 67, 70 biangulata 245-6 bicollaria 257, 266, 274-5 biedermanni, Amplectellopsis 271-2 biedermanni, Codonella 43 biedermanni, Codonellopsis 69-71, 78, 84, 124 Biedermanni, Stelidium 355 birictus 311, 315, 319, 358, 360. 362-4 blanda 126-7 bornandi 43 bottnica 36 brandti, Amphorella . . 326, 328, 330 brandti, Cyttarocylis 109-10 brandti, Epiorella 134 brandti, Eutintinnus 363, 365, 369 brandti, Rhabdonella 160 brandti, Xystonellopsis 209, 211, 216, 257 brasiliensis 68-9, 329 bresslaui 347-8 brevicaudata 43, 69 brevicollis 44, 48 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 467 brevis, Canthariella 320 brevis, Favella 123 bruhni 126, 128 bulbosa, Amphorella 342-3 bulbosa, Amplectella 267, 457 bulbosa, Dadayiella 312, 315, 328, 840-4, 346 bulbosa, Tintinnus 340, 342-3 bulbosus 340, 342, 344, 346 bulbulus 68-9 bulla 258, 282 bursa 317-9, 347 calida 328-9 calif orniensis, Codonellopsis 68-9, 71 calif orniensis, Dictyocysta . . . 287-8 calif orniensis, Undella 256, 258 calyptra 91 calyx 126 campanula 12, 17, 43, 66-7, 118, 122-3 capsa 147-8, 151 cassis 108-12, 285 caudata 190-1, 194, 257 chavesi 160, 163 chiliensis 160, 162, 339 cincta 91 cistellula 43, 55, 57, 60, 108 claparedei. 244-5, 247, 256-7 clavata . . .' 203-4 clavus 191, 195, 214 clevei, Undella 258 clevei, Xystonellopsis 15, 212, 217-8, 238 cochleata 91 collaria 256-7, 266-8 colligatus 359, 362-3, 365 columbiana 245 composita, Favella 122-3 composita, Rhabdonellopsis . . . .182 confessa 123 conica, Cyttarocylis 109, 112 conica, Metacylis 103-5 conica, Rhabdonella . .160, 163, 179 conicacauda 15, 213, 219 conicoides 143-4 conicus 346, 350 constricta, Epiplocylis 126-7 constricta, Rhabdonellopsis 182-3' 186-7, 457 constricta, Xystonellopsis 220 contracta 66, 68-9, 72 corbula 104 cordata 63, 66, 68-9, 73 cornucopia, Ormosella . . . 346-8, 350 cornucopia, Rhabdonella . . 160, 165 coronata 158, 457 costata 381 crassispinosa 211, 221, 239 cratera 10, 36, 44, 302 crenulata 315, 394-5 cubitum 274, 276 cuneolata 316, 399, 400 curta, Dadayiella 340-1, 343 curta, Epiorella 134-5 curta, Protorhabdonella 154~5 curta, Salpingella 381, 383 curtus 121 cuspidata, Condonella . . .44, 49, 51 cuspidata, Proplectella . . . .245, 247 cuspidata, Rhabdonella . . . 160, 166 cuspis 313, 341, 344 cyclas 211-2, 222, 239 cylindrica 340, 344, 346 cymatica 202, 209, 211, 222 cymatiocoides 91 dadayi 17, 19, 55, 327-29, 394 dahli 209,211,223,257 datura 234, 375-6 decipiens 91 declivis, Coxliella 91-2 declivis, Undella 256, 258-9 decurtata 381 deflexa 126, 128 denticulata 108, 311 dextra 402,405, 457 dicymatica 209, 212, 224~5, 230, 231 difficilis 191, 196 468 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology digitula 91, 96 dilatata, Dictyocysta 287, 289 dilatata, Undella 256, 258, 260 dilatata, Xystonellopsis. . .209, 211 diomed.-c 44, 46, 49, 59, 291 dohrni 259 dohrnii 256-8 duplex 46, 57, 59, 287, 290-1 ecaudata 43, 69, 74 edentata 106 Ehrenbergi 104 ehrenbergii 12, 17, 108, 122-3 elegans, Dictyocysta 284-5, 287, 299 elegans, Eutintinnus 363, 369 elegans, Rhabdonella 160, 167, 177, 364 ellipsoida 245, 248 elongata, Acanthostomella 143 elongata, Climacocylis 91, 96-7 elongata, Codonella 44, 46, 50, 59, 84 elongata, Cyttarocylis 154 elongata, Parundella . . 191, 197, 457 elongata, Tintinnopsis 123 elongatus 363, 366 emarginata 315, 375-6 encecrythalus 123 entzi, Dictyocysta 287 entzi, Petalotricha 147-8 entzi, Steenstrupiella 322 entzi, Undellopsis 274, 276 epigrus 213, 225, 243 erythraensis 68-9 eucecryphalus 34, 61, 108-9, 113, 123 exigua 126, 129 exilis, Rhabdonella 160, 168 exilis, Salpingacantha 394, 396 expansa, Salpingella 381, 384 expansa, Stenosemella 64 exquisita ' 126, 129 extensa 287, 308 fabricatrix 91-2, 457 fasciata 91, 93 fastigata 245, 248, 257 faurei 381, 385 favata. . . 209, 211, 226 fenestrata, Dictyocysta 287, 292 fenestrata, Stelidiella 156, 355 f ennica 37-8 fergusoni 319 filigera 156,313,338 fistulicauda 123 fluviatile 12, 16, 36, 317-8 foli 15, 24, 147-9 f rakenoii 367 fraknoi 367 fraknoii 363, 367-8 franciscana 12, 16, 18, 67, 123, 125 freymadli 134 frigida 91 fundlandica 287 fusiformis 106 galea 12, 42-4, 48, 51, 150 ganymedes 319, 325, 328, 334, 340-6, 394 gaussi, Codonellopsis 69 gaussi, Daturella 376, 392 gaussi, Xystonellopsis 202, 209, 211, 227 gigantea 166, 191, 197 glacialis 65, 68-9 globosa, Codonellopsis 68-9 globosa, Proplectella. .245, 249, 257 glockentogeri 381, 385 gracilis, Acanthostomella 143 gracilis, Amphorella 322 gracilis, Cyttarocylis 143 gracilis, Salpingella 381, 386 gracilis, Steenstrupiella. . . .322, 328 gracilis, Tintinnus 143 grandis, Dictyocysta 287 grandis, Parundella. . .191, 245, 256 grandis, Proplectella 245, 257 greenlandica 108-9 ha3ckeli 347,849 hastata 202, 209-11, 227, 394 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 469 healdi 134, 136 hebe 160, 169, 172, 179, 182, 187 helgolandica 123, 218 helix 91 hemispherica 256-260 henseni 160, 170, 173^ heroica 228 heros 202, 209, 211, 229, 242-3, 257 humerosa 191, 198, 210 hyalina. . .256, 258-9, 261, 263, 282 hyahnella 258, 262 hydria 153, 159-60 impensa . 126, 130 inaequalis, Dictyocysta 287 insequahs, Xystonellopsis 212, 224- 5, 230-1 incertum 36, 316 inconspicuata 126 incurva 381, 386, 457 indica, Codonellopsis 68-70 indica, Dictyocysta 310 indica, Petalotricha 147-8 indica, Rhabdonella 160, 171 indopacifica 177-8 inflata, Codonella 44 inflata, Codonellopsis 68-9, 75, 77, 84 inflata, Epiplocylis 126 inflata, Luminella 284 inflata, Parundella 191, 199 inflata, Rhabdonella 160, 172 inflata, Stenosemella 64, 286 infundibulum, Amphorella . . . 328-9 infundibulum, Favella 123 inornata 68-9 inquilina 317, 319 inquilinum 35, 318, 360 inquilinus 35-6, 317-9, 322, 325, 359, 360-1, 363, 388 insignata 274, 277 insignis 257, 266-7 intermedia, Coxliella 91 intermedia, Rhabdonellopsis 182, 184 intumescens 322, 328 invaginata 191, 199 jorgenseni 328, 340-1 jorgensenii 103-4, 313 jorgensis 123 jugosa 317, 380-1, 387 karajacensis 37, 39, 66 kiliensis 106 krameri 202, 209, 211, 231, 257 laackmanni, Amphorella . . . 325, 329 laackmanni, Epiplocylis 126 laackmanni, Salpingella 381 labiosa 126 lachmanni 190-1, 245, 256-7 laciniosa 90-1, 93 lacustris 36 lsevis 333-4 lagena 191 lagenula 36, 43-4, 68 laminata 359, 380-1, 388, 457 lanceolata 203, 205 lanceolatus 205 lariana 42, 44 lata, Acanthostomella 143-4 lata, Codonaria 55, 58 lata, Codonellopsis 68-9 lata, Dictyocysta 287, 293 lata, Epiplocyhs 126, 131 lata, Tintinnopsis 65 laticincta 15, 209, 212, 232 laticollis 44 latus 362-3 leiospiralis 96, 98, 457 lepida 285, 287, 294-5, 306 lepidse /3 f undlandica 285 levigata 39 lineata, Epiplocyhs 126 hneata, Salpingella .315, 380-1, 388 lineata, Undellopsis 274 lineatus 388 lohmanni, Parundella 190-1, 196, 257 470 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology lohmanni, Rhabdonella 160, 173, 180 lohmanni. Xystonella 12, 203 longa, Codonellopsis 68-9, 76, 81, 84, 86, 316 longa, Coxliella 91, 94 longa, Cyttarocylis 109, 114 longa, Helicostomella 105-6 longa, Parundella . .190-1, 210, 257 longicauda 156, 203, 205 longicaulis 182, 185 lucasensis 103, 105 Lunga 123 lnsitanica 68-9 lusus-undse 359, 362-4, 367-9, 374 macedonica 104 macilentus .... 359, 362-3, 368, 375 maculatus 363 magna, Cyttarocylis. . 109, 115, 394 magna, Daturella 376 magna, Dictyocysta 287 magnified 402, 404, 457 major, Parundella 190-1 major, Petalotricha 147-8, 151 mammilata 257-8, 262, 457 marinum 36 markusovszkyi 123 marsupialis 256-7, 273-4 mascarensis 209, 211 media 257-8, 263, 457 mediterranea 103-4, 325 medius 363, 369 mereschkowskii 104 meridionalis 68-9, 71,78 messinensis, Parundella 190-1, 194- 5, 200, 257 messinensis, Undella 257 meunieri, Coxliella 91 meunieri, Favella 123 mexicana 287, 294-5, 306 minima 182-3, 186-7 minor, Amphorella 329, 331 minor, Codonellopsis . .68-9, 79, 84 minor, Coxliella 91 minor, Dictyocysta. . .287, 289, 296 minor, Parundella 25, 190-1, 245, 256 minor, Tintinnopsis 286 minuscula 202-3, 206 minuta 257-60, 457 minutissima, Acanthostomella 143, 145 minutissima, Albatrossiella .... 338 minutissima, Salpingella. . .381, 389 minutus 143 mira 154-6, 339 mirabilia 363 mirabilis 316, 362 mitra 285, 287, 297, 299, 308 monocollaria 266-7, 269 morchella 43^, 68-70, 76 mortensenii 37, 39 mucicola 36 mucronata, Codonaria 55, 59 mucronata, Cyttarocylis. .'. 109, 115 mucronata, Epiplocylis 126 mucronata, Epirhabdonella 158-9, 457 mulleri 287, 300 nationals 25, 43-4, 52 neapolitanum 12, 36 neriticus 16, 66, 311 nervosa 137-8 nidulus 287, 306 nivalis 12, 64-5, 67, 302 norvegica 143, 325 nucula 64-5 nuda 274, 457 obconica 68-9 obliqua 319, 325, 388 obliquus 317-8, 388 obscura 140-1 obtusa, Acanthostomella 143, 146 obtusa, Amphorella 342, 346 obtusa, Cyttarocylis 109 obtusa, Dictyocysta 287 obtusa, Epiplocylis 126 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 471 occidentalis, Amplectella 266-7, 269 occidentalis, Dictyocysta 287, 302 oceanica 55, 60 octogenata 316, 400-1 oliva 64-5 olla 44 ollula 60-1, 108 ora 376-7 ornata, Codonellopsis 68, 69 ornata, Tintinnopsis .... 37, 39, 457 ornata, Xystonellopsis 15, 25, 156, 202, 209, 213, 233, 235, 314 orthoceras 43-4, 65, 67-9, 76, 86, 150 ostenfeldi, Codonella 43 ostenfeldi, Codonellopsis 44, 66, 68-9, 285 ostenfeldi, Proplectella .... 245, 250 ostenfeldi, Undella. . . .250, 258, 264 ovalis 286-7 ovata, Proplectella. . . .245, 250, 257 oviformis 91 oxyura 123, 141, 329 pachytcecus 329, 339, 341 pacifica, Codonella 44, 52 pacifica, Codonellopsis 68-9, 81, 86 pacifica, Dictyocysta 287, 289, 299, 303 pacifica, Epiplocylis 126-7, 131 pacifica, Luminella 12, 67, 284 pacifica, Petalotricha . . . . 147-8, 152 pacifica, Stenosemella 64 pacifica, Undellopsis 274, 278 pacificus 315, 358, 362-3, 370 palliata 351-2 palliatus 328 panamensis, Favella. . . .118, 123-4 panamensis, Tintinnopsis 37, 40, 311, 316 paradoxa .... 15, 202, 209, 213, 234 parva, Codonellopsis . 68-9, 81-2, 86 parva, Proplectella. . .245, 251, 256 parva, Undella 258, 263-4, 282 parva, Xystonellopsis 209, 235, 457 parvula 38 pectinis 363 pelagica 91, 95 pellucida 190-1 pentagona 245-6, 252 perca 393-4, 396-7 perforata 43-4, 53 perminutus 358-9, 362-3, 370 perpusilla 245, 252 peruana 258, 264, 282 phialia 353-4 pinguis 363,371 pinnata . : 210-1, 236 pistillum 123, 258, 265 plagiostoma, Cyttarocylis 34, 40, 109-10, 113 plagiostoma, Tintinnopsis .37-8, 40 plagiostroma 113 poculum, Codonella 44, 394 poculum, Rhabdonella 159-60, 174, 180 polygonata 287, 305 pontica 103-4 praeacuta ' 266-7, 270 prselonga 245, 253 praetenuis 191, 201 primitivum 316 prismatica 311, 317, 337, 401-2, 406-7 procera 93 procurrerens 363, 371 producta 64 protuberans 140-2 pseudannulata 91, 93 pulchra 188, 202, 209, 212, 214, 234, 237-8, 240 punctata 43, 64, 284, 286 punctostriata 318-9, 325 pura 68-9, 77, 83 pusilla 43, 68-9, 258 pusillum 36 pyramidata 320, 329 quadrangula 333, 335 quadricincta 282 472 bulletin: museum of compakative zoology quadricollaria 266-7, 271 quadridivisa 282-3 quadrilineata 825-331 quadrilineatus 327-8 quantula 160, 170, 175 quinquealata 313, 318-9 radix 37, 41, 311, 316 ralumensis 134, 137-8 ramosus 318 ranunculi 36 rapa 44, 53, 191 rara 37, 4*, 457 recta, Codonella 44 recta, Daturella 376-7 rectus 363, 372 reflexa 17-9, 67, 407 regulata 315, 381 relicta 44 reticulata, Dictyocysta 287, 294-5, 306 reticulata, Epiorella 134 ricta, Cyttarocylis 109, 116 ricta, Salpingella. . .381, 389, 392-3 robusta, Codonella 44 robusta, Codonellopsis .... 68-9, 85 robusta, Steenstrupiella 822-24 rossica 104-5 rotundata 22, 38, 109, 381, 890 rugosus 362-3, 372, 376, 392 sacculus 37, 41 saccus 44 sargassensis 126, 132 scalaria 95-6, 99-100, 235 scalaroides 96-7, 101 scandens 96, 202-3, 394 schabi 68-9 schotti 22, 37, 42 schmidti 347, 350 schweyeri 347, 850 scyphium 202, 209, 211 scyphus 209 secata 381, 383, 390, 399 semiciliatum 36, 318 septinaria 320, 322, 347 serrata, Favella 123, 394 serrata, Petalotricha .... 147-8, 394 serrulata 312, 337, 394 simplex, Protorhabdonella 154, 156, 159 simplex, Salpingacantha . . .394, 398 simplex, Stelidiella 355, 857-8 sinistra 381, 391, 457 sipho 95-6, 102 speciosa, Codonellopsis 68-9, 76, 81, 86 speciosa, Dictyocysta 287 sphaerica 44 spicata 202, 209, 211, 223, 239 spinosa 191-2, 287, 307, 394 spiralis 17, 91, 147, 160, 162, 166, 174, 177-9, 182, 187, 256 steenstrupi 323, 328 steenstrupii 322, 324-5, 328 steini 64 stelidium 315, 355, 358, 394 stramentus 359, 362-3, 378 stramonium 376, 878 striata, Bursaopsis. . . . 179, 319, 325 striata, Cyttarocylis 154, 179 striata, Daturella 376, 879 striata, Rhabdonella . . . .160, 177-9 striatura 154-5, 157, 179 striatus 179 strigosa 23, 119, 123 subacuta 245, 257 subangulata, Proplectella 245-6, 253 subangulata, Undellopsis 246, 257, 274 subcaudata 245 subconica 381, 391 subulata 105-6, 325 symmetrica 126, 132, 457 templum 285, 306, 308 tenuicauda 342, 345-6 tenuirostris 202, 209, 211, 227, 239, 257 KOFOID AND CAMPBELL: THE TINTINNOINEA 473 tenuis, Eutintinnus. . .363, 368, 373 tenuis, Proplectella . . . 245, 254, 257 tessellata 68-9 tetragona 328, 333 thori 122-3, 457 tiara 285-287, 291, 308 torta, Rhabdonella 160, 180 torta, Xystonellopsis 202, 209, 212, 240 torulata 140-1, 329 trachelium 329, 346-7, 349 translucens 190-1 treforti 202-3, 207, 238 tricollaria 257, 273-4, 278 tridivisa 257, 281, 282 triton 182, 185, 187-8 tropica, Amphorellopsis . . .333, 385 tropica, Codonella 44, 54 tropica, Codonellopsis 68-9, 87 tropica, Xystonellopsis 209, 211, 230, 242, 457 truncata, Canthariella 320-1 truncata, Undellopsis 274-6, 279, 457 tuba 381, 389, 392-8, 457 tuberculata 62-4, 68-9, 325 tubiformis 316, 362-3, 374, 376 tubularis 91 tubulosoides 91, 123 tubulosus 363,371,374 tubus 311, 315, 359, 362, 3 tumida 245, 255 turbinea 333-336 turbinella 68-9, 74 turgescens, Codonellopsis . . 68-9, 87 turgescens, Eutintinnus. . . .363, 875 turgida, Codonellopsis 68-9, 88 turgida, Undella 256,258, 265 turgida, Xystonellopsis. . . . 191, 209, 213-4, 243, 457 turris 362-3 umbilicata 273-4, 280 undata 393-5, 397-8 undatus 398 undella 39, 126, 133 unquiculata 393-4, 398 unquiculatus 397 urceolata 140-2, 329 urna 245-6, 255 urniger 91 valdestriata 160, 162, 180-1 ventricosa, Cyttarocylis 158 ventricosa, Epirhabdonella 154, 158 ventricosa, Stenosemella . . .44, 63-4 vitreoides 103 vitrea 319 vitreus 317-8 wailesi 119 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES All figures on the plates were drawn with a camera lucida from specimens in the plankton catches preserved in about 2% formalin. All drawings were made with Wolff carbon pencils on Ross board under the direction of the senior author by Mrs. Elizabeth Heald Purington except those ascribed to Miss Dorothy Harris, Miss A. L. Hamilton, Mrs. Frieda Abernathy, or Mrs. V. G. Sorrell. PLATE 1 Kofoid and Campbell — - The Tintinnoinea PLATE 1 Tintinnopsis and Codonella Fig. 1. Lorica of Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein. Sta. 4627 (surface), x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 2. Lorica of Tintinnopsis karajacensis Bdt. Sta. 4592 (surface), x 336. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 3. Lorica of Codonella pacifica K. and C, with section of wall cut away showing contents and closing-apparatus. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Tintinnopsis panamensis K. and C. Panama Harbor (sur- face), x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 5. Lorica of Codonella brevicollis (Dad.) Bdt. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Codonella nationalis Bdt. Sta. 4681 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 7. Lorica of Tintinnopsis rara sp. nov. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 8. Lorica of Tintinnopsis ornata sp. nov., with coccoliths of Coccolitho- phora wallichi, C. pelagica, and C. leptopora on the collar and bowl. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 9. Lorica of Codonella rapa K. and C. Sta. 4587 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 10. Lorica of Codonella pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4680 (surface), x 336. Fig. 11. Detail of the surface of the lorica of Codonella diomedse K. and C. at the middle of the bowl of the same specimen as fig. 12. x 720. Fig. 12. Lorica of Codonella diomedse K. and C. Sta. 4681 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 13. Detail of the collar of the same. Fig. 14. Another lorica of Codonella diomedse K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 15. Lorica of Codonella pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 16. Lorica of Codonella elongata K. and C. Sta. 4678 (surface), x 336. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 17. Detail of the surface of the lorica of Codonella cuspidata K. and C. at the middle of the bowl of the same specimen as fig. 16. x 720. Fig. 18. Lorica of the same. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 19. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 20. Lorica of Codonella aspera K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 21. Lorica of Codonella cuspidata K. and C, with coccoliths of Calyp- trosphsera oblonga and Umbilicosphsera mirabilis on the surface. Sta. 4640 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 22. Lorica of Codonella galea Hckl. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 1 ; 3 8 .' -; . J§ 12 W&rA 13 iU**M ■c^r rrRrHfTKft e-~_77'r ^ V- /<- r*r ■■• nVV' ■' wo: ■ ..a 7 r m ?xrrvrr ■ ■-. > £*r n -^7rr ;'7. Vrf/> /7(r£KxK - , . - .-• •- .'- r r -.-/ L 7 '. v r XcrrL J""rr'7,'-r7 , o ^'7 v. 7-:$ PLATE 4 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 4 Codonellopsis Fig. 1. Lorica of Codonellopsis pacifica K. and C, with coccoliths of Cocco- lithophora leptopora and Syracosphsera pulchra on the bowl. Sta. 4732 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Codonellopsis minor K. and C. Sta. 4666 (800-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 3. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4634 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 4. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4594 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Codonellopsis longa K. and C, showing coccoliths and rhabdoliths. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Codonellopsis pacifica (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4742 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 7. Detail of the surface at the middle of the bowl of Codonellopsis longa K. and C, with coccoliths of Umbilicosphsera mirabilis. Sta. 4723 (surface). x720. Fig. 8. Lorica of Codonellopsis turgida K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Codonellopsis longa K. and C. Sta. 4681 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 10. Detail of the surface at the middle of the bowl of Codonellopsis minor K. and C, with coccoliths of Coccolithophora leptopora, C. pelagica, Syracosphsera mediterranea, and Pontosphsera hseckeli. Sta. 4666 (800-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 1 1 . Detail of the surface at the middle of the bowl of the same specimen of Codonellopsis longa K. and C. as fig. 5, with coccoliths of Syracosphsera pulchra and Coccolithophora leptopora and rhabdoliths of Rhabdosphsera claviger. x720. Fig. 12. Lorica of Codonellopsis pura K. and C. Sta. 4705 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. The Tintinnoinea. Plate 4 .---■• tm m -'.-i :,■■; -Ariz. Stat iJjtf 1 1 PLATE 5 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 5 Codonellopsis Fig. 1. Lorica of Codonellopsis tropica K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Codonellopsis parva K. and C. Sta. 4722 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Codonellopsis inflata K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Codonellopsis californiensis K. and C. Sta. 4587 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 5. Detail of the surface at the middle of the bowl of Codonellopsis parva K. and C, with remains of coccoliths of Coccolithophora. Sta. 4741 (surface). x720. Fig. 6. Detail of the surface at the middle of the bowl of Codonellopsis inflata K. and C. Sta. 4705 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 7. Lorica of Codonellopsis speciosa K. and C. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 8. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Codonellopsis meridionalis K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Codonellopsis biedermanni (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4609 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Codonellopsis meridionalis K. and C. Sta. 4583 (surface). x 223. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 12. Lorica of Codonellopsis inflata K. and C. Sta. 4705 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate5 ■* • X PLATE 6 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 6 Coxliella, Climacocylis, Metacylis, and Helicostomella Fig. 1. Lorica of Climacocylis scalaroides K. and C, showing the irregular character of the aboral end. Sta. 4583 (surface), x 720. Drawn by F. Aber- nathy. Fig. 2. Lorica of Climacocylis sipho (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 3. Lorica of Climacocylis leiospiralis sp. nov. Sta. 4732 (800-0 fms.). x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 4. Detail of the surface of the lorica of Climacocylis elongata K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Metacylis corbula K. and C. From near Taboguilla Island, Bay of Panama, in a surface catch, x 336. Fig. 6. Optical section of the wall of Climacocylis digitula K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 7. Lorica of Metacylis conica K. and C. Sta. 4580 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Helicostomella longa. Sta. 4673 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Metacylis lucasensis K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Climacocylis scalaroides K. and C. Sta. 4619 (surface). x336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Coxliella declivis K. and C. Sta. 4576 (surface), x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 12. Lorica of Coxliella fabricatrix sp. nov. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 13. Lorica of Climacocylis digitula K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 14. Detail of the surface at the oral end of Climacocylis digitula K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 15. Detail of the surface of the wall of the same, x 720. Fig. 16. Lorica of Coxliella pelagica K. and C. Sta. 4711 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 17. Lorica of Helicostomella longa (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4673 (800-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate6 =*4 e • - i 3 ; 3 - i ^ i 15 ■ . F ~ 10 14 Euyj PLATE 7 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 7 Cyttarocylis, Poroecus, and Favella Fig. 1. Lorica of Cyttarocylis mucronata K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Cyttarocylis eucecryphalus (Hckl.) Kofoid. Sta. 4678 (surface), x 223. Fig. 3. Lorica of Favella panamensis K. and C. From Panama Harbor in a surface catch, x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Poroecus curtus K. and C. Sta. 4640 (surface), x 720. Fig. 5. Lorica of Poroecus annulatus K. and C, with coccoliths of Cocco- lithophora leptopora and C. pelagica on the surface. Sta. 4707 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Cyttarocylis magna Hckl. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 7. Lorica of Poroecus apicatus K. and C. Sta. 4732 (800-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Cyttarocylis brandti K. and C. Sta. 4737 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 9. Lorica of Favella azorica (CI.) Jorg. Sta. 4694 (surface), x 336. Fig. 10. Detail of the surface of the lorica at the oral end of the bowl of Poroecus curtus K. and C, showing reticulations. Sta. 4648 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 11. Lorica of Poroecus curtus K. and C, with coccoliths of Coccolitho- phora leptopora and C. pelagica on the surface. Sta. 4648 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 12. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4637 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 13. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 14. Lorica of Poroecus apiculatus K. and C, with coccoliths of Cocco- lithophora leptopora, Syracosphsera pulchra, and Umbilicosphzera mirabilis on the surface. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate7 1.1 . -/e % PLATE 8 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 8 Epiorella and Epiplocylis Fig. 1. Lorica of Epiplocylis sargassensis (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4737 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Epiorella acuta (K. and C). Sta. 4669 (surface), x 223. Fig. 3. Lorica of Epiplocylis symmetrica sp. nov. Sta. 4576 (surface). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Epiorella ralumensis (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4737 (550-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 5. Lorica of Epiplocylis blanda Jorg. Sta. 4583 (surface), x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Epiplocylis sargassensis (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 7. Lorica of Epiorella curta (K. and C). Sta. 4673 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 8. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4655 (400-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Epiorella acuta (K. and C). Sta. 4715 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 10. Lorica of Epiorella ralumensis (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4728 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 11. Lorica of Epiorella acuta (K. and C). Sta. 4648 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 12. Lorica of Epiorella healdi (K. and C). Sta. 4644 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 13. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4650 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 14. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate8 *fi -7 0 h to* M w fll ' f'!?- 14 PLATE 9 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 9 Epiplocylis Fig. 1. Lorica of Epiplocylis undella (Ost. and Schm.) Jorgensen. Sta- 4580 (300-O fms.)- x 223. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 2. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4607 (surface), x 223. Fig. 3. Lorica of Epiplocylis impensa K. and C. Sta. 4576 (surface), x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 4. Abnormal lorica of Epiplocylis undella (Ost. and Schm.) Jorg. Sta. 4580 (surface), x 223. Fig. 5. Lorica of Epiplocylis exquisita K. and C. Sta. 4697 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 6. Lorica of Epiplocylis lata K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 7. Lorica of Epiplocylis undella (Ost. and Schm.) Jorg. Sta. 4607 (surface), x 223. Drawn by D. Harris. Fig. 8. Lorica of Epiplocylis exigua K. and C. Sta. 4683 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Epiplocylis lata K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Epiplocylis undella (Ost. and Schm.) Jorg. Sta. 4580 (surface), x 336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Epiplocylis exigua K. and C. Sta. 4683 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 12. Lorica of Epiplocylis exquisita K. and C. Sta. 4580 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 9 6 J ■ ' Ui ^' ■ 11 PLATE 10 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 10 Epiplocylis and Epicancella Fig. 1. Lorica of Epiplocylis constricta K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4698 (surface), x 336. Fig. 3. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4639 (surface), x 223. Fig. 4. Lorica of Epicancella nervosa (CI.) K. and C. Sta. 4678 (surface). x720. Fig. 5. Lorica of Epiplocylis deflexa K. and C. Sta. 4503 (surface), x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Epiplocylis constricta K. and C. Sta. 4580 (surface), x 336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Epiplocylis deflexa K. and C, showing a cyst. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Epiplocylis pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4594 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4580 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Epiplocylis deflexa K. and C. Sta. 4609 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL Kofoid and Campbell. The Tintinnoinea. Plate 10 1 ( I 6 PLATE 11 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 11 Craterella, Acanthostomella, and Petalotricha Fig. 1. Lorica of Acanthostomella minutissima K. and C. Sta. 4711 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 2. Oral end of the lorica of Petalotricha foli K. and C. Sta. 4666 (800-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Acanthostomella obtusa K. and C. Sta. 4634 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 4. Lorica of Acanthostomella minutissima K. and C. Sta. 4666 (surface). x336. Fig. 5. Another lorica of the same, with coccoliths of Coccolithophora leptopora on its surface. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 6. Another lorica of the same with coccoliths of Coccolithophora lepto- pora on its surface. Sta. 4666 (surface), x 720. Fig. 7. Lorica of Craterella armilla K. and C. Sta. 4718 (surface), x 720. Fig. 8. Lorica of Petalotricha foli K. and C. Sta. 4659 (surface), x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Acanthostomella conicoides K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Craterella armilla K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Petalotricha pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 12. Lorica of Acanthostomella obtusa K. and C. Sta. 4646 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Acanthostomella minutissima K. and C. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 14. Lorica of Craterella armilla K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 15. Lorica of Petalotricha pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 16. Lorica of Craterella protuberans K. and C. Sta. 4705 (2031-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 17. Lorica of Craterella urceolala (Ost.) K. and C. Sta. 4664 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 18. Lorica of Petalotricha capsa Bdt. Sta. 4590 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 19. Lorica of Petalotricha major Jorg. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 20. Lorica of Acanthostomella lata K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 21. Lorica of Petalotricha pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4742 (300-0 fms.). x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 11 V . PLATE 12 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 12 Protorhabdonella, Epirhabdonella, and Rhabdonella Fig. 1. Lorica of Rhabdonella cornucopia K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Protorhabdonella curta (CI.) Jorg. Sta. 4583 (surface). x336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Protorhabdonella simplex (CI.) Jorg., with coccoliths of Coccolithophora and Syracosphsera on the surface. Sta. 4574 (surface). x720. Fig. 4. Lorica of Rhabdonella exilis K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Rhabdonella amor (CI.) Bdt. Sta. 4718 (surface), x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Protorhabdonella striatum K. and C. Sta. 4666 (surface). x336. Fig. 7. Oral and interior view of a lorica of Protorhabdonella curta (CI.) Jorg. Sta. 4683 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Epirhabdonella coronata sp. nov. Sta. 4704 (surface). x720. Fig. 9. Aboral view of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4576 (surface). x336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Protorhabdonella mira K. and C. Sta. 4701 (800-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Rhabdonella poculum (Ost. and Schm.) Brandt. Sta. 4640 (surface), x 720. Fig. 12. Detail of the wall at the oral end of Rhabdonella cornucopia K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 13. Lorica of Epirhabdonella mucronata sp. nov. Sta. 4576 (surface). x336. Fig. 14. Another lorica of the same from the same station, x 336. Fig. 15. Lorica of Rhabdonella indica Laack. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate12 m I f!l 13 11 12 15 PLATE 13 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 13 Rhabdonella Fig. 1. Lorica of Rhabdonella henseni (Bdt.) Bdt. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 2. Lorica of Rhabdonella quantula K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 3. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4604 (surface), x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Rhabdonella toria K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 5. Optical section of the wall of the same lorica at the oral end. x 720. Fig. 6. Detail of the surface of the bowl of the same lorica, showing ribs and fenestra?. Sta. 4721 (surface), x 720. Fig. 7. Lorica of Rhabdonella hebe (CI.) Bdt. Sta. 4571 (surface), x 336. Fig. 8. Aboral region of the lorica of the same. Sta. 4576 (surface), x 336. Fig. 9. Aboral region of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4583 (surface). x720. Fig. 10. Lorica of Rhabdonella striata (Bied.) Bdt. Sta. 4571 (surface). x336. Fig. 11. Optical section of a deformed pedicel of Rhabdonella hebe (CI.). Sta. 4571 (surface), x 336. Fig. 12. Optical section of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4583 (surface). x720. Fig. 13. Lorica of Rhabdonella valdestriata Bdt. Sta. 4580 (surface), x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 13 1 1 • 12 PLATE 14 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 14 Rhabdonella and Rhabdonellopsis Fig. 1. Optical section of the pedicel and knob of Rhabdonellopsis minima K. and C. Sta. 4703 (300-0 fins.), x 720. Fig. 2. Lorica of Rhabdonella conica K. and C. Sta. 4571 (surface), x 336. Fig. 3. Surface view of the pedicel and knob of Rhabdonellopsis minima K. and C. Sta. 4703 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 4. Lorica of Rhabdonella inflata K. and C. Sta. 4676 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 5. Optical section of the pedicel and lance of Rhabdonellopsis minima K. and C. Sta. 4763 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 6. Optical section of the wall of the oral end of Rhabdonella lohmanni K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Rhabdonella aberrans K. and C. Sta. 4580 (surface), x 336. Fig. 8. Aboral region of Rhabdonella chiliensis K. and C. Sta. 4670 (800-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 9. Lorica of Rhabdonella lohmanni K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 10. Aboral region of Rhabdonella conica K. and C. Sta. 4583 (surface). x720. Fig. 11. Lorica of Rhabdonella conica K. and C. Sta. 4541 (surface), x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoio andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate14 -"- — . 1 I 110 11 PLATE 16 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 15 Rhabdonella and Rhabdonellopsis Fig. 1. Optical section of the pedicel, knob, and lance of Rhabdonellopsis minima K. and C. Sta. 4703 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 2. Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis constricta sp. nov. Sta. 4712 (surface). x336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Rhabdonella cuspidata (Zach.) Bdt. Sta. 4624 (surface). x336. Fig. 4. Aboral end of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 5. Optical section of the aboral end of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 6. Lorica of Rhabdonella spiralis (Fol) Bdt. Sta. 4743 (surface), x 336. Fig. 7. Optical section of the wall of the oral end of Rhabdonellopsis minima K. andC. Sta. 4712 (surface), x 720. Fig. 8. Pedicel and knob of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4703 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 9. Pedicel and knob of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4712 (surface). x720. Fig. 10. Optical section of the aboral region of Rhabdonella chiliensis K. and C. Sta. 4670 (800-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 1 1 . Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis minima K. and C. Sta. 4703 (300-0 f ms.) . x336. Fig. 12. Detail of the wall of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 13. Detail of the wall of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4690 (surface). x720. Fig. 14. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4690 (surface), x 336. Fig. 15. Detail of the wall of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4683 (sur- face), x 720. Fig. 16. Lorica of Rhabdonella chiliensis K. and C. Sta. 4670 (800-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 17. Detail from the surface of the bowl of the same lorica, showing the prismatic structure, x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 15 1 1 i I 12 i\i. 5 6 a 14 PLATE 16 Kofoid and Campbell — ■ The Tintinnoinea PLATE 16 Rhabdonellopsis Fig. 1. Pedicel and knob of Rhabdonellopsis intermedia K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 2. Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis triton (Zach.) K. and C. Sta. 4659 (sur- face), x 336. Fig. 3. Pedicel and knob of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4665 (surface). x720. Fig. 4. Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis longicaulis K. and C. Sta. 4736 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 5. Optical section of the wall of the anterior end of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4678 (surface), x 720. Fig. 6. Knob and lance of Rhabdonellopsis triton (Zach.) K. and C. Sta. 4659 (surface), x 720. Fig. 7. Knob and lance of Rhabdonellopsis longicaulis K. and C. Sta. 4678 (surface), x 720. Fig. 8. Detail of the surface of the bowl of another lorica of the same, showing ribs and fenestra;. Sta. 4736 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 9. Knob and lance of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4736 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 10. Detail of the surface of the bowl of Rhabdonellopsis triton (Zach.) K. and C. Sta. 4659 (surface), x 720. Fig. 11. Optical section of the knob and lance of another lorica of Rhab- donellopsis longicaulis K. and C. Sta. 4736 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 12. Detail of the surface of the bowl of another lorica of the same, showing ribs and fenestra?. Sta. 4678 (surface), x 720. Fig. 13. Knob and lance of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4678 (surface). x720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. The Tintinnoinea. Plate 16 :[cc 10 12 A '•'.- s- 13 PLATE 17 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 17 Rhabdonellopsis and Parundella Fig. 1. Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis triton (Zach.) K. and C. Sta. 4665 (sur- face), x 223. Fig. 2. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4665 (surface), x 223. Fig. 3. Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis longicaulis K. and C. Sta. 4678 (surface). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis triton (Zach.) K. and C. Sta. 4659 (sur- face). x223. Fig. 5. Lorica of Rhabdonellopsis intermedia K. and C. Sta. 4583 (surface). x336. Fig. 6. Pedicel and knob of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 7. Optical section of the oral end of the lorica of Parundella inflata K. andC. Sta. 4697 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 8. Pedicel and knob of the lorica of Rhabdonellopsis intermedia K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 9. Lorica of Parundella elongala sp. now Sta. 4659 (surface), x 223. Fig. 10. Optical section of the wall of the oral end of the lorica of Rhabdonel- lopsis intermedia K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 11. Lorica of Parundella inflata K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 12. Lorica of Parundella aculeata Jorg. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Parundella prsetenuis K. and C. Sta. 4646 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 14. Lorica of Parundella humerosa K. and C. Sta. 4646 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 15. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. The Tintinnoinea. Plate 17 'i ■i 6 \ 7 8 •10 fcJ§P> 3 11 PLATE 18 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 18 Parundella and Xystonellopsis Fig. 1. Lorica of Parundella clavus K. and C. Sta. 4697 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Xystonellopsis turgida sp. nov. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 3. Aboral end of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 4. Lorica of Parundella invaginata K. and C. Sta. 4634 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Xystonellopsis epigrus K. and C. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Parundella acuta K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 7. Optical section of the wall of the oral region of the lorica of Parun- della gigantea K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 8. Lorica of Parundella acuta K. and C, cut to show optical section of wall. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 9. Aboral region of lorica of Xystonellopsis epigrus K. and C. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 10. Aboral region of the lorica of Parundella clavus K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 11. Optical section of the wall of the anterior end of Parundella hu- merosa K. and C. Sta. 4655 (400-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 12. Optical section of the oral region of the wall of Parundella aciculi- fera (Jorg.) K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 13. Detail of the surface of the wall of Parundella difficilis K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 14. Optical section of the aboral region of Xystonellopsis epigrus K. and C. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 15. Lorica of Parundella messinensis (Bdt.) Jorg. Sta. 4683 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 16. Lorica of Parundella aciculifera (Jorg.). Sta. 4605 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 17. Lorica of Parundella difficilis K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 18. Lorica of Parundella gigantea K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 19. Lorica of Parundella attenuata K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 18 11 PLATE 19 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 19 Xystonella and Xystonellopsis Fig. 1. Lorica of Xystonella longicauda (Bdt.) Bdt. Sta. 4682 (surface). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Xystonella treforti (Dad.) Laack. Sta. 4687 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 3. Optical section of the wall from the middle of the bowl of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 4. Detail from the surface at the oral end of the bowl of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 5. Detail from the surface at the middle of the bowl of the same lorica. x720. Fig. 6. Optical section of the wall at the oral end of Xystonellopsis conica- cauda K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 7. Detail of the knob and lance of the same lorica of Xystonella treforti (Dad.) Laack. as Fig. 2. x 720. Fig. 8. Lorica of Xystonella minuscula K. and C. Sta. 4659 (surface), x 336. Fig. 9. Pedicel and lance of the lorica of Xystonella longicauda. (Bdt.) Bdt. Sta. 4571 (surface), x 720. Fig. 10. Lorica of Xystonellopsis conicacauda K. and C. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 11. Optical section of the aboral end of Xystonella clavala Jorg. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 12. Optical section of the aboral end of another lorica of Xystonellopsis conicacauda K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. The Tintinnoinea. Plate 19 .. ■ 11 PLATE 20 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 20 Parundella, Xystonella, and Xystonellopsis Fig. 1. Knob and lance of the lorica of Xystonella minuscula K. and C. Sta. 4676 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 2. Knob and lance of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4659 (surface). x720. Fig. 3. Knob and lance of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4675 (surface). x720. Fig. 4. Knob and lance of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4675 (surface). x720. Fig. 5. Knob and lance of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4676 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 6. Optical section of the knob and lance of lorica of Xystonellopsis clevei K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 7. Knob and lance of the same lorica, showing the vane-like wings below the knob, x 720. Fig. 8. Optical section of the wall at the oral end of the same lorica. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Detail of the surface of the oral end of Xystonellopsis laticincta K. and C. Sta. 4707 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 10. Optical section of the wall at the oral end of Xystonellopsis turgida sp. nov. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 11. Optical section of the knob and lance of lorica of Xystonellopsis clevei K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 12. Lorica of Xystonellopsis clevei K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Xystonellopsis crassispinosa K. and C. Sta. 4711 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 14. Lorica of Xystonellopsis clevei K. and C. Sta. 4697 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 15. Knob and lance of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 20 -'-•■ 6 \ 11 ■ I '. •;.'. 14 13 PLATE 21 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 21 Parundella and Xystonellopsis Fig. 1. Lorica of Xystonellopsis heroica K. and C. Sta. 4671 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Optical section of the pedicel of another lorica of the same. Sta. 4617 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 3. Optical section of the pedicel of X ysto?iellopsis constricta K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 4. Optical section of the wall of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 5. Optical section of the wall of the oral region of Xystonellopsis parva sp. nov. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 6. Lorica of Xystonellopsis constricta K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 7. Optical section of the wall of the oral region of Xystonellopsis con- stricta K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 8. Lorica of Xystonellopsis parva sp. nov. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Optical section of the wall of the oral region of Xystonellopsis con- stricta K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms). x 720. Fig. 11. Lorica of Xystonellopsis brandti (Laack.) Jorg. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 12. Lorica of Xystonellopsis pinnata K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Xystonellopsis acuminata K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 14. Lorica of Parundella caudata (Ost.) K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 15. Lorica of Xystonellopsis constricta K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. The Tintinnoinea. Plate21 > 7 11 6 10 15 PLATE 22 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 22 Xystonellopsis Fig. 1 . Optical section of the suboral band of Xystonellopsis torta (Kofoid) K. and C. Sta. 4676 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 2. Optical section of the wall of the oral end of Xystonellopsis hastata (Bied.) K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 3. Optical section of the knob and lance of Xystonellopsis abbreviata K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 4. Surface view of the knob and lance of same lorica. x 720. Fig. 5. Surface view of the knob and lance of the lorica of Xystonellopsis laticincta K. and C. Sta. 4707 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 6. Optical section of the suboral band of the same lorica as fig. 13. x720. Fig. 7. Surface view of the knob and lance of Xystonellopsis hastata (Bied.) K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Optical section of the knob and lance of the same lorica. x 336. Fig. 9. Optical section of the wall of the suboral band of Xystonellopsis abbreviata K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 10. Optical section of the knob and lance of Xystonellopsis pulchra (Kofoid) K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 11. Surface view of knob and lance of Xystonellopsis torta (Kofoid) K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 12. Lorica of Xystonellopsis laticincta K. and C. Sta. 4707 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 13. Aboral end of Xystonellopsis favala (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 14. Knob and lance of Xystonellopsis pulchra (Kofoid) K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoio andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 22 ' 10 13 PLATE 23 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 23 Proplectella Fig. 1. Lorica of Proplectella urna K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Proplectella prselonga K. and C. Sta. 4661 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Proplectella ostenfeldi K. and C. Sta. 4689 (300-0 fms.). x673. Fig. 4. Lorica of Proplectella tenuis K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Proplectella subangulata K. and C. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Proplectella ellipsoida K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Proplectella biangulata K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Proplectella fastigata (Jorg.) K. and C. Sta. 4580 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Proplectella ovata (Jorg.) K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Proplectella pentagona (Jorg.) K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 11. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4712 (surface), x 336. Fig. 12. Lorica of Proplectella prselonga K. and C. Sta. 4650 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Proplectella amphora K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate23 0 PLATE 24 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 24 Proplectella, Undella, and Undellopsis Fig. 1. Lorica of Proplectella perpusilla K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Proplectella parva K. and C. Sta. 4667 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Proplectella tumida K. and C. Sta. 4706 (surface), x 336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Undella minuta sp. nov. After Jorgensen (1924, p. 39, fig. 46, discussion on p. 43). x 223. Fig. 6. Lorica of Proplectella ellipsoida K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 7. Lorica of Undella media sp. nov. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 8. Lorica of Undella ostenfeldi K. and C. Sta. 4701 (800-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Undella media sp. nov. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 10. Lorica of Proplectella cuspidata K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Undella mammilata sp. nov. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 12. Lorica of Proplectella parva K. and C, with coccoliths of Calyptro- sphsera (?) on the surface. Sta. 4580 (surface), x 720. Fig. 13. Lorica of Undella mammilata sp. nov. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 14. Lorica of Undella hyalinella K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 15. Lorica of Undella califomiensis K. and C. Sta. 4847 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 16. Lorica of Undella turgida K. and C. Sta. 4705 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 17. Lorica of Undella hemispherica Laack. Sta. 4705 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 18. Lorica of Undellopsis entzi K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 19. Lorica of Undella peruana K. and C. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 20. Lorica of Undella pistillum K. and C. Sta. 4666 (surface), x 336. Fig. 21. Lorica of Undella bulla K. and C. Sta. 4580 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 22. Lorica of Undellopsis pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4681 (800-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL Kofoid and Campbell. The Tintinnoinea. Plate 24 PLATE 25 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 25 Amplectella, Amplectellopsis, Undellopsis, and Cricundella Fig. 1. Lorica of Undellopsis insignata K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.)' x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Amplectellopsis biedermanni K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Amplectella bulbosa sp. nov. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Amplectella occidentalis K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Undellopsis anularius K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Cricundella quadricincta K. and C. Sta. 4701 (800-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Undellopsis angulata sp. nov. Sta. 4681 (800-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Cricundella quadridivisa K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Amplectellopsis angularis K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Undellopsis truncata sp. nov. Sta. 4687 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Undellopsis umbilicata K. and C. Sta. 4695 (300-0 fms.)i x336. Fig. 12. Lorica of Amplectella praeacuta K. and C. Sta. 4695 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Amplectella quadricollaria K. and C. Sta. 4705 (2031-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 14. Lorica of Undellopsis cubitum K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 25 PLATE 26 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 26 Dictyocysta Fig. 1. Lorica of Dictyocysta mexicana K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Dictyocysta occidentalis K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 3. Lorica of Dictyocysta reticulata K. and C. Sta. 4665 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Dictyocysta mexicana K. and C, showing the closing- apparatus. Sta. 4663 (surface), x 336. Fig. 5. Oral view of lorica of Dictyocysta reticulata K. and C, showing the closing-apparatus. Sta. 4665 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Dictyocysta duplex Brandt. Sta. 4671 (surface), x 336. Fig. 7. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 8. Lorica of Dictyocysta polygonata K. and C, with coccoliths of Coccosphsera pelagica on the bowl. Sta. 4615 (surface), x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Dictyocysta tiara Hckl. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Dictyocysta fenestrate K. and C. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 26 PLATE 27 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 27 Dictyocysta Fig. 1. Lorica of Dictyocysta californiensis K. and C. Sta. 4583 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 2. Lorica of Dictyocysta mulleri (Irahof) Jorg., with the closing-appara- tus. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Dictyocysta pacifica K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 4. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4681 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 5. Lorica of Dictyocysta ampla K. and C. Sta. 4580 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Dictyocysta spinosa K. and C. Sta. 4681 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 7. Lorica of Dictyocysta pacifica K. and C, with coccoliths of Umbilico- sphsera mirabilis on the lower part of the bowl. Sta. 4666 (800-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 8. View of aboral end of lorica of Dictyocysta mitra Hseckel. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Dictyocysta minor Jorg. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 27 ^xm PLATE 28 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 28 Canthariella, Steenstrupiella, Amphorella, Amphorellopsis, Odontophorella, and Daturella Fig. 1. Lorica of Daturella recta K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Steenstrupiella gracilis K. and C. Sta. 4684 (surface). x336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Amphorellopsis lasvis K. and C. Sta. 4637 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 4. Cross section near the aboral end of the same lorica. x 336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Steenstrupiella steenstrupii (Claparede and Lachmann) K. and C. Sta. 4576 (surface), x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Amphorellopsis turbinea K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 7. Detail of the oral end of Odontophorella serrulata K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 8. Lorica of Amphorellopsis acantharus K. and C. Sta. 4655 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Amphorellopsis tropica K. and C. Sta. 4740 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 10. Detail of a fin of Odontophorella serrulata K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 11. Lorica of Canthariella truncata K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 12. Lorica of Canthariella brevis K. and C. Sta. 4722 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Daturella stramonium K. and C. Sta. 4587 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 14. Lorica of Steenstrupiella robusta K. and C. Sta. 4711 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 15. Lorica of Amphorellopsis quadrangula K. and C. Sta. 4621 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 16. Lorica of Canthariella septinaria K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 17. Lorica of Amphorella quadrilineata (Clap, and Lach.) Dad. Sta. 4543 (surface), x 336. Fig. 18. Another view of the same lorica. x 336. Fig. 19. Lorica of Odontophorella serrulata K. and C. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 20. Lorica of Amphorella amphora (Clap, and Lach.) Dad. Sta. 4731 (surface), x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate28 I . G #« V I 10 18 15 ' 20 PLATE 29 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 29 Albatrossiella, Dadayiella, Prostelidiella, and Stelidiella Fig. 1. Lorica of Dadayiella ganymedes (Entz, Sr.) K. and C, tilted to show the outlines of the oral opening. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Dadayiella bulbosa (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4650 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Dadayiella curta K. and C. Sta. 4613 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Dadayiella acutiformis nom. sp. nov. Sta. 4666 (surface). x336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Dadayiella cuspis K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 6. Lorica of Dadayiella curta K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 7. Aboral region and lower bowl of Dadayiella ganymedes (Entz, Sr.) K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Stelidiella fenestrata K. and C. Sta. 4637 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Optical section of the aboral region and lower bowl of Dadayiella ganymedes (Entz, Sr.) K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Prostelidiella phialia K. and C. Sta. 4662 (800-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 11. Lorica of Albatrossiella agassizi K. and C. Sta. 4742 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 12. Detail of the aboral end of Stelidiella fenestrata K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 13. Lorica of Dadayiella ganymedes (Entz, Sr.) K. and C. Sta. 4640 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 14. Lorica of Stelidiella simplex K. and C. Sta. 4740 (300-0 fms.). x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 29 6 10 PLATE 30 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 30 Daturella and Ormosella Fig. 1. Lorica of Daturella striata K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 2. Lorica of Daturella ora K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 3. Lorica of Daturella magna K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 4. Lorica of Ormosella schweyeri K. and C. Sta. 4722 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Ormosella hseckeli K. and C. Sta. 4662 (800-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Ormosella bresslaui K. and C. Sta. 4722 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Ormosella schweyeri K. and C. Sta. 4711 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Ormosella bresslaui K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Aboral end of lorica of Ormosella schmidti K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 10. Lorica of Ormosella apsteini K. and C. Sta. 4634 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 11. Lorica of Ormosella schmidti K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 12. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x 336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 30 PLATE 31 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 31 Eutintinnus Fig. 1. Lorica of Eutintinnus perminutus K. and C. Sta. 4719 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Eutintinnus padficus K. and C. Sta. 4722 (surface). x336. Fig. 3. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4722 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Eutintinnus apertus K. and C. Sta. 4634 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Eutintinnus procurrerens K. and C. Sta. 4690 (surface). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Eutintinnus pinguis K. and C. Sta. 4583 (surface), x 336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Eutintinnus elongatus (Jorg.). Sta. 4706 (surface), x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Eutintinnus medius K. and C. Sta. 4576 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Eutintinnus birictus K. and C. Sta. 4574 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 10. Lorica of Eutintinnus frakrtoii (Dad.). Sta. 4666 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by V. G. Sorrel. Fig. 11. Lorica of Eutintinnus colligotus K. and C. Sta. 4705 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate31 *--.. PLATE 32 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 32 Eutintinnus Fig. 1. Lorica of Eutintinnus macilentus (Jorg.). Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Eutintinnus tenuis (K. and C). Sta. 4580 (surface), x 336. Fig. 3. Lorica of Eutintinnus lusus-undse (Entz, Sr.). Sta. 4705 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Eutintinnus turgescens (K. and C). Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Eutintinnus rugosus (K. and C). Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Eutintinnus stramentus (K. and C). Sta. 4583 (surface). x336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Eutintinnus tubiformis (K. and C). Sta. 4722 (surface). x336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Eutintinnus tubulosus (Ost.). Sta. 4676 (800-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Eutintinnus brandti (K. and C). Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 32 PLATE 33 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 33 Salpingella Fig. 1. Lorica of Salpingella laminata sp. nov. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 2. Lorica of Salpingella secata (Brandt). Sta. 4697 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 3. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 4. Lorica of Salpingella minutissima K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 5. Lorica of Salpingella attenuata (Jorgensen). Sta. 4590 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 6. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 7. Lorica of Salpingella acuminata (Clap, and Lach.) Jorg. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Drawn by A. L. Hamilton. Fig. 8. Lorica of Salpingella incurva sp. nov. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Salpingella gracilis K. and C. Sta. 4701 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Salpingella ricta K. and C. Sta. 4638 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 11. Lorica of Salpingella tuba sp. nov. Sta. 4679 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 12. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4707 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 13. Detail of the oral end of lorica of Salpingella tuba sp. nov. Sta. 4707 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 14. Lorica of Salpingella sinistra sp. nov. Sta. 4703 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 15. Lorica of Salpingella glockentogeri (Brandt) Jorg. Sta. 4638 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 16. Another lorica of the same. Sta. 4659 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Fig. 17. Lorica of Salpingella jugosa K. and C. Sta. 4724 (800-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Tl Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 33 YT PLATE 34 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 34 Salpingella and Salpingacantha Fig. 1. Lorica of Salpingella faurei K. and C. Sta. 4571 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Detail of the oral end of Salpingacantha unguiculata (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 720. Fig. 3. Detail of the oral end of Salpingacantha undata (Jorg.) K. and C. (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 4. Lorica of Salpingacantha crenulata K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 5. Lorica of Salpingella rotundata K. and C. Sta. 4717 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Salpingacantha unguiculata (Bdt.) K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Salpingella curta K. and C. Sta. 4734 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 8. Lorica of Salpingacantha undata (Jorg.) K. and C. Sta. 4681 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 9. Lorica of Salpingella curta K. and C. Sta. 4724 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 10. Lorica of Salpingella expansa K. and C. Sta. 4699 (300-0 fms.). x223. Fig. 11. Lorica of Salpingacantha exilis K. and C. Sta. 4648 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 12. Lorica of Salpingacantha perca K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 13. Lorica of Salpingacantha ampla K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x336. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. I n Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 34 */ ^ 1 Ti ( 10 11 13 PLATE 35 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 35 Salpingella, Rhabdosella, and Epicranella Fig. 1. Lorica of Rhabdosella cuneolata (K. and C). Sta. 4617 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 2. Lorica of Epicranella bella K. and C. Sta. 4675 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 3. Lorica of Epicranella bellissima sp. nov. Sta. 4705 (2031-0 fms.). x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 4. Lorica of Epicranella dextra sp. nov. Sta. 4721 (300-0 fms.). x 223. Drawn by F. Abernathy. Fig. 5. Lorica of Salpingella subconica K. and C. Sta. 4713 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 6. Lorica of Rhabdosella octogenata (K. and C). Sta. 4730 (300-0 fms.). x 336. Fig. 7. Lorica of Epicranella magnifica sp. nov. Sta. 4673 (300-0 fms.). x336. Fig. 8. Detail of the surface structure of the wall of the same lorica. x 720. Fig. 9. Lorica of Epicranella prismatica K. and C. Sta. 4709 (300-0 fms.). x720. Fig. 10. Detail of the surface structure of the wall of the same lorica. x 720. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid andCampbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 35 -c^ ^r/7 , 10 PLATE 36 Kofoid and Campbell — The Tintinnoinea PLATE 36 Showing position of the stations occupied by the "Albatross" during her cruise in the Eastern Pacific in 1904-1905. BULL. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. Kofoid and Campbell. TheTintinnoinea. Plate 36 / o4 ACME BOOKBtN\No CO.. INC. MAR 8 - 1984 100 CAM3RJDGE STREET CHAtfLESTOWN, MASS. Harvard MCZ Llbrar 3 2044 066 303 579 DATE DUE M#£jnFl998 . SEP iU-4198 DEMCO, INC. 38-2931