ISSN 0968-0454

Bulletin of
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Entomology Series

aw
THE

NATURAL
HISTORY
MUSEUM

VOLUME 64 NUMBER 1 29 JUNE 1995

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© The Natural History Museum, 1995

Entomology Series
ISSN 0968-0454 Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 1-115

The Natural History Museum
Cromwell Road
London SW7 5BD Issued 29 June 1995

Typeset by Ann Buchan (Typesetters), Middlesex
Printed in Great Britain at The Alden Press, Oxford

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Plate 1 Oospila species, showing range of variation within the genus. 1, O. flavilimes; 2, O. excrescens; 3. O.
florepicta; 4. O. rhodophragma; 5, O. camilla; 6, O. astigma; 7, O. fimbripedata; 8, O. ecuadorata; 9, O. athena;
10, O. includaria; 11, O. albicoma; 12, O. ciliaria; 13, O. lilacina; 14, O. violacea; 15, O. obeliscata; 16, O.
marginata; 17, O. atroviridis; 18, O. ruptimacula; 19, O. venezuelata; 20, O. depressa; 21, O. nivetacta.

Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. 64(1): 1-115

Issued 29 June 1995

Revision of the neotropical genus
Oospila Warren (Lepidoptera:

Geometridae)

MARK A. COOK and MALCOLM J. SCOBLE

Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road,
London SW7 5BD

CONTENTS

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Synopsis. The neotropical genera Auophylla Warren, Auophyllodes Prout, Leptolopha
Warren, Oospila Warren, Oospiloma Prout, Progonodes Warren, Racheolopha Warren,
Rhombochlora Warren and Urucumia Prout are united into a single genus and their
species are taxonomically revised and described. All primary types available have been
examined. The revised genus Oospila is a monophyletic group defined by the apomor-
phic character of the fusion of the juxta and transtilla to form what is here termed an
anellar complex. Seventy-four species of Oospila are treated, of which one is described
as new. Forty-eight species-group names are synonymized and 24 species are recom-
bined with Oospila. The adult moths are illustrated and line drawings of the genitalia are

provided for all species.

INTRODUCTION

This study contributes to part of a larger research
programme concerned with the systematics of
neotropical Geometridae. The programme
makes use not only of the extensive collections in
the Natural History Museum, London, and
selected material from other Museums, much of
which dates back to the last century or to the
early part of this century, but also of samples
made within the last decade in Costa Rica and

© The Natural History Museum, 1995

housed in the National Institute of Biodiversity
in San Jose. The samples from across the neotro-
pics have been invaluable in providing a broad
basis for the taxonomic study presented here; the
more intense and recent collecting within Costa
Rica is an invaluable resource for examining
questions about the numbers of new species
expected when such sampling is carried out.
Besides improving the taxonomy of selected neo-
tropical Geometridae, the data from this study,
and other revisions, are enabling better estimates
of species richness to be made.

The taxonomy of neotropical Emerald Moths
(Geometridae: Geometrinae) has received no
comprehensive attention since the studies of
Prout (1912, 1932-38). Prout did not use genital
morphology in his valuable studies, but relied on
external characters alone. The variation in exter-
nal characters without a corresponding study of
genital morphology led to the creation of many
synonyms. So, in order to understand better the
species diversity of Geometrinae in the neotro-
pics, and to provide a means of identifying these
moths, revisionary work has proved essential.
Oospila, as redefined in the present study,
includes 74 species of Geometrinae. Pitkin
(1993) dealt with a further 156 neotropical
geometrine species belonging to three other gen-
era. These two studies provide a detailed modern
species-level treatment of a substantial propor-
tion of the 450 described geometrine species
estimated to occur in the neotropics.

Taxonomic history of Oospila

The genus Oospila was erected by Warren (1897)
for the type species (Oospila trilunaria (Guenée),
formerly assigned to Comibaena Hubner, by
Walker, 1861) and three species he described as
new. Between 1897 and 1912, Warren described
thirteen new species of Oospila (Warren 1900,
1901, 1904a, 1904b, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909); one
species, Oospila albicoma (Felder and Rogen-
hofer), was transferred from Racheospila Gue-
née, and another was described by Druce (1911).

The genus was revised by Prout (1912) who
included 48 species (two of them new) or subspe-
cies in the genus. Between then and the second
revision of the genus by Prout (1932-33), ten
further species were added by various authors.
Prout’s second revision included 58 species and
18 subspecies. Since 1932, the only work on the
genus has been the description of two further
species (Fletcher, 1951; Herbulot, 1991).

Monophyly of Oospila

Prout (1932-33) noted the similarity in external
appearance of Oospila and the neotropical gen-
era Auophylla Warren, Auophyllodes Prout,
Oospiloma Prout, Progonodes Warren and
Racheolopha Warren. All six genera have
strongly developed, dark brown, abdominal
crests composed of scales raised above the level
of the rest of the abdomen. Moreover, similar
wing-pattern elements occur throughout these
genera. The present study shows that the genita-
lia also exhibit many similarities: a reduced
uncus, gnathi free, not fused medially, and the

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

presence of an anellar complex (see below) in the
male, and very small anterior apophyses in the
female. Prout (1932) suggested that these genera
might reasonably be united into a single genus,
but treated them as separate genera in his revi-
sion.

A cladistic analysis of exemplar taxa, chosen to
cover the range of variation observed within this
group of genera (Cook, 1993) produced three
cladograms presenting equally valid options for
classifying this group and for redefining Oospila.
The analysis also demonstrated that all six genera
form a monophyletic group defined by the pres-
ence of an anellar complex (which is considered,
a posteriori, as secondarily reduced in those
species from which it is absent). Since elements
in the wing pattern and other characters occur
throughout these genera, all these taxa are syn-
onymized in the present study. Further investiga-
tion revealed the presence of an anellar complex
in the neotropical genera Leptolopha Warren,
Rhombochlora Warren and Urucumia Prout.
These are also synonymized, below, with
Oospila.

Although in the North American genus
Lophochorista Warren the transtillae and juxta
are not fused to form an anellar complex, this
genus shares two important characters with
Oospila: strong development of the abdominal
crests and modification of the mesal region of the
valva in the male genitalia. Both characters occur
elsewhere in the Geometrinae and further analy-
sis is required before deciding whether or not
they are synapomorphic or independently
derived. Preliminary analysis (Cook, 1993) sug-
gests that Lophochorista and Oospila (in the
revised sense accepted here) may be sister taxa.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

All available primary types were examined.
Permanent slide mounts (in Euparal) of the
male and female genitalia were prepared from
specimens covering as wide a range of the distri-
bution of each species as possible. After macera-
tion of the abdomen in KOH and subsequent
cleaning, male genital capsules were removed
from the abdomen and mounted venter upper-
most with the inner surfaces of the valvae dis-
played. The aedeagus was removed from the
diaphragma and mounted on the same slide. The
female genitalia were also removed from, and
mounted alongside, the abdomen. Both male

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

and female genitalia are illustrated in ventral
view.

Wing preparations were made for each spe-
cies. Wings were treated in a dilute solution of
household bleach and then stained lightly with
mercurochrome. Permanent slide preparations
were also made in Euparal.

Fore wing length is expressed as a range,
measured along the costa from the wing base to
its apex.

Locality, collection date, collector, number
and sex of specimens and depository were
recorded from specimen labels. These data are
presented here and also stored electronically at
the BMNH. Allocation of localities to provinces
follows Brown (1979).

A key to species of Oospila is not included in
this revision since it is not considered to be an
effective means of identifying species of this large
genus. A key to species groups is provided, but
since most species of Oospila can be recognised
from their wing markings alone, specimens are
better identified initially by comparing them with
the figures (Pl. 1; Figs 1-74). Confirmation may
then be made by referring to the species descrip-
tions and diagnoses.

ABBREVIATIONS OF
INSTITUTIONS

AMNH_ American Museum of Natural History, New

York, U.S.A.

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London,
U.K. (formerly British Museum (Natural
History)).

CMNH_ Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pitts-
burgh, U.S.A.

GVCI Charles Van Orden Covell, Jr., collection,
U.S.A.

HECO Hope Entomological Collections, University
Museum, Oxford, U.K.

HERB Collection of Monsieur C. Herbulot, Paris,
France.

INBio Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, San
Jose, Costa Rica.

MDHG Museon Den Haag, Netherlands.

MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, France.

MNHU Museum ftir Naturkunde der Humboldt-
Universitat, Berlin, Germany.

MNRJ Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

UCVM _ Universidad Central de Venezuela, Mara-
cay, Venezuela.

USNM _ National Museum of Natural History, Wash-

ington D.C., U.S.A. (formerly United States

National Museum).
VOBB Vitor Osmar Becker collection, Planaltina,
Brazil.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We are grateful to Dr V.O.
Becker (VOBB), Dr J. Clavijo (UCVM); Dr D.C.
Ferguson (USNM); Monsieur C. Herbulot (Paris);
Professor D.H. Janzen (University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, U.S.A.) and his associates at the Instituto
Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), San Jose, Costa
Rica; Dr J. Minet (MNHN); Dr J.E. Rawlins
(CMNH); Dr F.H. Rindge (AMNH), and Dr R.
Shouten (MDHG) for providing material for this study.
We thank Dr J.D. Holloway (CAB INTERNA-
TIONAL); Dr G.C. McGavin (HECO) and Mrs L.M.
Pitkin (BMNH) for their valued advice and comments
during the course of this work. We are further grateful
to Mrs Pitkin for her comments on a draft of the
manuscript, for suggesting further synonymy, and for
examining some types and other key specimens on our
behalf in the USNM and INBio. The colour and black
and white plates were taken by Mr H. Taylor (BMNH).
We thank the Trustees of The Natural History Museum
for facilities, and for the award of a postgraduate
studentship to MAC.

OOSPILA WARREN, 1897

Oospila Warren, 1897: 426. Type-species:
Phorodesma trilunaria Guenée, 1857: 372, by
original designation.

Auophylla Warren, 1897: 423. Type-species:
Thalera includaria Herrich-Schaffer [1855]
1850-1858: pl. 61, fig. 341, by original designa-
tion. Syn.n.

Progonodes Warren, 1897: 429. Type-species:
Racheospila stagonata Felder & Rogenhofer,
1875: pl. 127, fig. 25, by original designation.
Syn.n.

Drucia Warren, 1900: 133. Type-species: Drucia
delphinata Warren, 1900: 133, by original des-
ignation. Synonymized by Prout, 1912: 132.

Racheolopha Warren, 1900: 137. Type-species:
Racheospila miccularia Guenée, 1857: 374, by
original designation. Syn.n.

[Anophylla Warren, 1906: 414. Incorrect subse-
quent spelling of Auophylla Warren. |

Halioscia Warren, 1907: 202. Type-species:
Halioscia atroviridis Warren, 1904a: 24, by
subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1979: 95.
Synonymized by Prout, 1912: 132.

Leptolopha Warren, 1909: 78. Type-species: Lis-
sochlora flavilimes Warren, by original desig-
nation. Syn.n.

Rhombochlora Warren, 1909: 89. Type-species:

Rhombochlora granulata Warren, by original
designation. Syn.n.

Auophyllodes Prout, 1912: 20 (key), 130. Type-
species: Comibaena venezuelata Walker, 1861:
570, by original designation. Syn.n.

Oospiloma Prout, 1916: 170. Type-species:
Oospila thalassina Warren, 1905: 318, by origi-
nal designation. Syn.n.

Urucumia Prout, 1933: 71. Type-species: Uru-
cumia acymanta Prout, 1933: 71, by original
designation. Syn.n.

General appearance (PI. 1)

Oospila species are slender-bodied Geometri-
nae. Their wings are typically dark green and
patterned with creamy blotches.

Head

Vestiture of frons brown, occasionally green.
Vestiture of vertex brown dorsally, cream ven-
trally, or sometimes entirely green. Interanten-
nal fillet (i.e. vestiture between antennal bases)
usually white, less commonly, brown. Chaetose-
mata small; external ocelli absent; compound
eyes large, round. Antennae of both sexes bipec-
tinate for basal 2/3, simple towards apex; simple
along entire length in females of some species.
Where present, rami usually approximately same
length in both sexes. Labial palpi brown dorsally,
cream ventrally; segment 3 usually short in male
and longer in female. Maxillary palpi very short
and 1-segmented; proboscis well developed,
unscaled.

Thorax

Vestiture of thorax and patagia concolorous with
ground colour of wings; typically dark green, in
some species pale green, dark brown, reddish-
brown, cream or white.

Vestiture of fore leg brown on anterior sur-
face, cream on lateral and posterior surfaces.
Fore tibia bearing an epiphysis. Tibial spur for-
mula 0-2-2 except for thalassina group (0-2-4).
Hind tibia of some males with a recessed brush of
long hair-like scales.

Wings never reduced in size; approximately
triangular in most species. Hind wing of some
species with short extension at distal end of vein
M,; extension usually marked by tuft of long
scales projecting beyond fringe (e.g. as in
asmura, Fig. 17). Fore wing length (i.e. length of
costa from base to apex): range 7-26 mm. Some
species with wings slightly larger in female than
in male. Frenulum a well developed spine in

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

male hind wing (absent from acymanta); absent
from female. Ground colour of wings dark or
pale green, but very pale blue-green in ciliaria
(Pl. 1: 12), and yellow in subaurea.

Fore wing: costal edge usually pale brown,
occasionally dark brown or white; discal spot
typically small and brown, sometimes enlarged
(e.g. as in altonaria, Fig. 46 and obeliscata, P\. 1:
15 and Fig. 53). Markings white, cream, brown,
reddish-brown or black (PI. 1), often taking form
of blotches situated at or near apex and tornus;
blotches largely separate, but frequently con-
nected by narrow band along termen, or repre-
sented by indistinct band along termen (e.g. as in
pellucida, Fig. 68). Fore wing speckled in some
species (e.g. semispurcata, Fig. 12), or with more
complex pattern (e.g. as in obeliscata, Pl. 1: 15
and Fig. 53).

Hind wing: markings usually similar to fore
wing; sometimes (e.g. albicoma albicoma, PI. 1:
11, Fig. 39) with small, narrow blotch at anal
margin in addition to blotches at apex and tor-
nus; one or two discal spots generally present,
usually small and brown or white, but may be
modified as in fore wing.

Venation (Figs 75, 76): fairly constant
throughout genus, with minor inter- and intra-
specific variation. Fore wing: vein R, diverges at
apex of discal cell (Fig. 75), except in astigma
group and miccularia group where it diverges
distal to M, (Fig. 76). Accessory cells absent.
Vein R, diverging proximal to R;, except in
venezuelata. Vein M, diverging from Rs distal to
discal cell. Cross-vein M,—M, often weaker (but
not in those species illustrated, Figs 75, 76) than
cross-vein M,—M, and sometimes discontinuous
at its centre. Hind wing (Figs 75, 76): vein M,
arising nearer M, than M,; cross-vein M,—-M,
either continuous with cross-vein M,—M, (e.g.
delacruzi, Fig. 76) or displaced distally (e.g.
marginata, Fig. 75). Vein 3A absent.

Abdomen

Dorsal surface of abdomen bearing large, distinc-
tive crests on terga A2-AS (see, for example, PI.
1); smaller, paler crests on terga A6 and A7
(reduced or absent in species with smaller abdo-
mens). Crests dark brown with white centres, in
most species, but cream, often with brown flecks,
in flavilimes group. Crests of most species com-
posed of broad scales with a central brush of
longer, thinner, hair-like scales. Rest of dorsal
surface typically cream (PI. 1), in some species
green, brown (PI. 1) or patterned. Crests in some
species surrounded by white area sometimes
enclosed by a thin, pink line. Ventral and lateral

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

surfaces of abdomen cream-coloured.

Tympanal organs: ansa narrow just above
base, widening to form broad flat plate then
narrowing towards apex. Tympanic laciniae
absent; lobe of tympanic bulla absent.

Pregenital abdomen of female lacking species-
specific structures with all segments simple. Ster-
num A2 of male frequently modified and
sternum A8 usually modified (Fig. 77); posterior
edge of sternum A2 in males of some species
slightly emarginated (Fig. 77) with small, ellipti-
cal sclerite occurring in intersegmental mem-
brane of sterna A2 and A3. Where elliptical
sclerite present, sternum A2 also bearing two
brushes of long hair-scales meeting over sclerite.
Sternum A&8 of most species strongly sclerotized,
often enlarged, and typically with posterior edge
either emarginated or with a bifurcate extension.

MALE GENITALIA (Figs 78-145). Uncus usually
short, sometimes reduced to narrow bar; long in
quinquemaculata and thalassina groups (e.g. Fig.
84). Socii membranous, usually quite large,
sometimes reduced. Gnathos usually prominent,
consisting of two large, strongly sclerotized horn-
like processes, broadest at base and tapering
towards apex; gnathi lying across uncus, often
meeting along midline (e.g. Fig. 78) (displaced in
most illustrations to display uncus); gnathos a
completely fused ring in quinquemaculata and
thalassina groups (Figs 84-92); reduced in a few
species (e.g. pallidaria, Fig. 81) or greatly
enlarged (e.g. decorata, Fig. 79). Tegumen vary-
ing in breadth, sometimes strengthened by an
X-shaped sclerotized brace (e.g. excrescens, Fig.
86). Valva with apex rounded or sculpted, some-
times divided by a cleft, sometimes with small
spines at apex (e.g. albipunctulata, Fig. 100);
costal edge of valva more strongly sclerotized in
some members of quinquemaculata group (e.g.
in quinquemaculata, Fig. 84), occasionally modi-
fied (e.g. in continuata, Fig. 85); ampulla (a
process of mesal area of valva; Fig. 78, and see
Klots, 1970) often prominent; shape generally
distinctive for species; sacculus usually devel-
oped and often extended into short, strongly
sclerotized, and usually pointed, process (e.g.
Figs 79, 80); saccular edge of valva usually emar-
ginated when sacculus developed. Anellar com-
plex (e.g. as in Fig. 78) conspicuous, typically
surrounding aedeagus; attached to valvae by
short extensions from its medial (e.g. O. longi-
plaga, Fig. 137) or posterior (e.g. O. trilunaria,
Fig. 117) regions; sometimes anellar complex not
attached to valva, but held in position by mem-
branous part of diaphragma (e.g. O. albicoma
albicoma, Fig. 113); anellar complex sometimes

5

secondarily reduced (e.g. in florepicta, Fig. 87),
often to V-shaped sclerite, which is fused with
the valva posteriorly. Coremata usually absent,
but present in quinquemaculata group and arising
from base of each valva (e.g. Fig. 84). Aedeagus
usually long, narrow and cylindrical; small cornu-
tus occurring on vesica of many species (e.g. in
nigripunctata, Fig. 80); additional cornuti, or
other modifications, occasionally present (e.g.
astigma, Fig. 97).

FEMALE GENITALIA (Figs 146-199). Anterior
apophyses reduced to exceptionally short projec-
tions (e.g. Fig. 146). Sterigma usually strongly
sclerotized and variously modified; presence and
shape often diagnostic at species level. Bursa
copulatrix (e.g. Fig. 146): ductus bursae typically
consisting of long, relatively narrow duct, leading
into enlarged, membranous, corpus bursae;
antrum sometimes funnel-shaped (Fig. 153); duc-
tus usually long and strongly sclerotized anterior
to antrum, and bearing longitudinal striations
(e.g. decoloraria, Fig. 189); corpus bursae a
membranous sac, either approximately spherical
or bulbous and varying in size between species;
denticles on internal surface of corpus visible at
200 magnification; signum usually present,
small, in form of a narrow sclerotized band with
tooth at each end protruding into corpus (e.g. as
in Fig. 146) (teeth often not visible when corpus
viewed laterally).

Comments on morphology

1. As with all Geometrinae, the wing colours of
Oospila are prone to fading (e.g. Cook et al.,
1993). Old specimens are usually paler green
than fresh material and, in some cases (par-
ticularly in specimens of violacea, Pl. 1: 14),
may fade to pale yellow. The potential for
colour change should be remembered when
identifying material not recently collected.

2. It seems likely that the elliptical sclerite situ-
ated in the intersegmental membrane of
abdominal segments A2 and A3 is associated
with dissemination of pheromones in some
way. This sclerite does not seem to occur in
other Geometrinae and it may represent an
apomorphy of Oospila. Its distribution within
the genus is not consistent with species groups
suggested by other characters.

3. The shape of sternum A8 in the male is a
valuable character for identifying species of
Oospila; it is diagnostic in certain species
where other external features are indistin-
guishable (e.g. in marginata, obsolescens and
tricamerata). The structure can usually be

inspected without dissecting the specimen.

4. The ampulla of the valva also occurs in
Lophochorista lesteraria Grossbeck. L. lester-
aria is probably the sister species of the genus
Oospila (Cook, 1993). In addition to the
ampulla, additional processes arise from, or
close to, the costa of the valva in some species
(e.g. in venezuelata, Fig. 141).

5. The term ‘anellar complex’ (e.g. see Fig. 78)
is used to describe the conspicuous, diagnostic
sclerotization of the diaphragma surrounding
the aedeagus. This complex has probably
arisen from the fusion of the transtillae and
the juxta, structures occurring frequently in
Geometrinae, but appearing to have become
fused only in Oospila. Typically, the anellar
complex surrounds the aedeagus. Function-
ally, the anellar complex appears to serve as a
support for the aedeagus. The anellar com-
plex may be attached to the valvae by short
extensions from its medial (e.g. O. longi-
plaga, Fig. 137) or posterior (e.g. O. triluna-
ria, Fig. 117) regions. These extensions are
probably homologous with the transtillae of
some other Geometrinae. In some species
(e.g. O. albicoma albicoma, Fig. 113) the
anellar complex is not attached to the valvae,
but is held in position by a membranous part
of the diaphragma. In certain species the
anellar complex is secondarily reduced (e.g.
in florepicta, Fig. 87), often to a V-shaped
sclerite, which is fused with the valvae posteri-
orly.

Immature stages

The only species for which larval data have been
recorded (D.H. Janzen, personal communica-
tion) is O. confundaria MOoschler, in dry forest at
300 m elevation in the Guanacaste Conservation
Area of northwestern Costa Rica. The larva is
light green with a slight rosy or brownish cast in a
few individuals. It eats the expanding leaves of
Hymenaea courbaril (Leguminosae) and is mod-
erately common in the crowns of saplings 1-3 m
tall when they are forming new leaves (a phe-
nomenon occurring throughout the year).
Mature trees of this species produce leaves only
in December and January, but it is not known
whether larvae are found in mature trees at this
time of the year. Janzen (pers. comm.) has found
mature larvae in March, May, June, August and
December. When not feeding, the caterpillar
holds itself motionless and straight, at an angle so
as to look similar to a young Hymenaea twig or
petiole (Janzen, 1988). The naked pupae are

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

deposited in litter (Janzen, personal communica-
tion).

Distribution

The genus occurs widely in tropical America and
has been recorded from Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica,
Guatemala, Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Panama, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana,
Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil.
Oospila venezuelata has been recorded from
Mexico, which seems to be the most northerly
limit to the distribution of this genus, and only O.
includaria has been recorded from Argentina,
which seems to represent the southern limit of
the genus.

Diagnosis

Oospila can be distinguished from _ other
Geometrinae by the composition of the abdomi-
nal scale-crests. In the few other Geometrinae
that have them, these crests are formed entirely
of long hair-like scales whereas in Oospila they
are composed of much broader scales surround-
ing a central brush of long, thin, hair-like scales.
The presence of the anellar complex in the male
genitalia is also diagnostic, except in those few
species where it has been reduced secondarily. A
few other Geometrinae have blotches on their
wings (e.g. Cheroscelis oospila Prout); but, with
the exception of Chavarriella Pitkin, these spe-
cies do not occur in the neotropics. The male
genitalia of Chavarriella are very different from
those of Oospila, and Chavarriella lacks the
abdominal crests found in Oospila.

Habitat and biology

Oospila is restricted to tropical areas of Central
and South America. Species have been collected
in transitional cloud forest (e.g. at Rancho
Grande in the Henri Pittier National Park, Ven-
ezuela) and lowland dry forest (e.g. at Santa
Rosa National Park, northwestern Costa Rica).
However, most specimens examined were col-
lected in lowland rain forest areas of continental
South America. In the rain forest, adults of most
species for which data are available have been
collected in both wet and dry seasons.

Remark

The original descriptions of Auophylla and
Oospila were published in the same work (War-
ren, 1897). Although Auophylla was described

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

three pages prior to Oospila, adopting Auophylla
as the senior synonym would have resulted in 32
more new combinations. To avoid this complica-
tion, Oospila is selected (above) as the senior
synonym, a decision in accord with the Interna-
tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985)
(Article 24a).

Key to species groups of Oospila

1 Abdominal crests poorly developed and blotches
absent from wings; wings often with pale yellow
band along termen (7 species, Figs 1-7)

PR Aen topavecwenaccsetecro ecco. flavilimes group

— Crests well developed or blotches present on wings;
wings without pale yellow band along termen ... 2

2 Two pairs of spurs on male hind tibia (2 species,
PSO ee sga eaecir> ols iy cessiedsue 2 thalassina group

Single pair of spurs on male hind tibia ............. 3)

3 R, of fore wing arising distad of the origin of M,
CPUE 70), .oscattle gece pe aner coaaae aanE eee aeee aes Aree 4

— R, of fore wing arising basad of the origin of M,
EDS Ee iciaia cnn scn de inne esesareensaavs raskane nse 5

>

Field of large spines present towards the apex of the
dorsal surface of the male valva (3 species, Figs
1S =3(07)) 9 eee eee eee eee miccularia group

Field of spines absent, or spines small (as in zama-
radaria, Fig. 104)(8 species, Figs 97-104) . astigma
group

Hind wing with short extension at the distal end of
M,, terminating in a tuft of scales (except in rosi-
para, Fig. 19); male genitalia with transtillae large
and outwardly curving (Figs 93-96) (5 species, Figs
WS) sides Sete ee asmura group

n

Hind wing with no extension at the distal end of M;,
transtillae of male genitalia not large, outwardly
CUIVINE ODES \....20.0..008.0. er oe See 6

6 Wings with ground colour dark green and cream
with brown detail, cream areas not separated into
distinct blotches (2 species, Figs 37-38) (but not
including obeliscata, Fig. 53) ..... includaria group

— Wings with distinct blotches or with a speckled
JOUHIETTD. pec cdhe Goce MOE Cire coe ROE OnE Cae aenC Ee CBee 7)

7 Uncus with long apical extension, gnathos fused,
sacculus not strongly developed, coremata present
(except in florepicta, Fig. 87) (7 species, Figs
RGU soci secnvconssencetene quinquemaculata group

— Uncus not extended, or gnathos not fused or saccu-
lus strongly developed, coremata absent .......... 8

8 Anellar complex a flat plate (2 species, Figs 108-
UO amir te cert ccce tecsaneannasraane Serta athena group

— Anellar complex surrounding part of aedeagus .. 9

iT

9 Wings with ground colour white with green mark-
ings (2 species, Figs 35-36) . lactecincta and spora-
data

— Wings predominantly green, with blotches or bands
ALO Stee LER TMCN nae ete careers aceraCoh scenes 10

10 Transtillae short arms, fused posteriorly with anel-
lar complex; anellar complex long, with a short
dorsal projection (31 species, Figs 117-145)
ee ace deep ends Maret. detente theta: trilunaria group

— Transtillae fused with juxta, not extended into short
arms, anellar complex without dorsal projection (5
species, Figs 113-116) ............... albicoma group

Check-list of the species of Oospila

Synonyms are indented and not emboldened.

OOSPILA Warren
AUOPHYLLA Warren syn.n.
AUOPHYLLODES Prout syn.n.
DRUCIA Warren
HALIOSCIA Warren
LEPTOLOPHA Warren syn.n.
OOSPILOMA Prout syn.n.
PROGONODES Warren syn.n.
RACHEOLOPHA Warren syn.n.
RHOMBOCHLORA Warren syn.n.
URUCUMIA Prout syn.n.

The flavilimes group

flavilimes (Warren) comb.n.

decorata (Prout) comb.n.

nigripunctata (Warren) comb.n.

permagna (Warren) comb.n.
[marginata (Schaus) preoccupied]

pallidaria (Schaus) comb.n.

subaurea (Warren) comb.n.

acymanta (Prout) comb.n.

The quinquemaculata group

quinquemaculata (Warren)
circumdata (Warren) syn.n.
circumdata striolata Prout syn.n.

continuata (Warren)

excrescens (Warren)

florepicta (Warren)

cayennensis Herbulot syn.n.
semispurcata (Warren)
rhodophragma Prout
granulata (Warren) comb.n.

The thalassina group

thalassina Warren

lacteguttata (Warren)
fenestrata (Bastelberger) syn.n.
peralta Schaus syn.n.

The asmura group
asmura (Druce)
fumidimargo (Dognin) syn.n.
latimargo (Warren) syn.n.
circumsessa Prout

8

rosipara (Warren)
conversa (Dognin)
flavicincta (Warren) syn.n.
microspila (Warren) syn.n.
delphinata (Warren)
heteromorpha (Warren) syn.n.
plurimaculata (Warren) syn.n.
plurimaculata symmicta Prout syn.n.
camilla Schaus

The astigma group
astigma (Warren) comb.n.
leucostigma (Warren) comb.n.
delacruzi (Dognin)
restricta Warren syn.n.
albipunctulata (Prout) comb.n.
rufilimes (Warren) comb.n.
extensata (Warren) syn.n.
arpata (Schaus) comb.n.
mionophragma (Prout) syn.n.
mionophragma subruta (Prout) syn.n.
semicaudata (Prout) syn.n.
similiplaga (Warren)
fimbripedata (Warren) comb.n.
zamaradaria Fletcher

The miccularia group
miccularia (Guenée) comb.n.
imula (Dognin)
sarptaria (Moschler) syn.n.
euchlora (Prout) comb.n.
ecuadorata (Dognin) comb.n.
sarptaria ruboris (Prout) syn.n.

The athena group

athena (Druce) comb.n.

holochroa (Prout) comb.n.
delicatescens (Dyar) syn.n.

lactecincta and its relative

lactecincta (Warren)

sporadata (Warren)
curvimargo Herbulot syn.n.

The includaria group

includaria (Herrich-Schaffer) comb.n.
basiplaga (Warren) syn.n.
magnifica (Schaus) syn.n.
multiplagiata (Warren) syn.n.

leucothalera (Prout) comb.n.

The albicoma group

albicoma albicoma (Felder and Rogenhofer)
deliciosa Thierry-Mieg syn.n.
minorata Warren

albicoma nasuta Warren stat.n.

concinna Warren
albicoma matura Prout syn.n.
eminens Schaus syn.n.

dicraspeda Prout

ciliaria (Hiibner)
pallida (Warren) syn.n.
semialbaria (Guenée)

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

The trilunaria group
trilunaria (Guenée)
carnelunata (Warten)
altonaria Jones
confluaria (Warren)
mesocraspeda Prout syn.n.
longipalpis (Warren)
sellifera Warren
lilacina (Warren)
violacea Warren
callicula (Druce)
callicula orchardae Prout syn.n.
callicula stenobathra Prout syn.n.
obeliscata (Warren)

marginata and its relatives
marginata Warren
marginata sympathes Prout syn.n.
rufiplaga Warren syn.n.
tricamerata Prout
obsolescens stat. n.

atopochlora and its relatives
atopochlora Prout
hyalina Warren
fractimacula Prout syn.n.
atroviridis Warren stat.rey.
dolens Druce syn.n.
congener Warren
congener procellosa (Warren) syn.n.
immaculata sp.n.
rubescens (Warren)
circumsignata Prout
decoloraria (Walker)
Jaspidata (Warren)
longiplaga Warren
lunicincta (Warren)
pellucida Prout
ruptimacula Warren
aliphera Dognin syn.n.
ruptimacula curtimacula Prout syn.n.
venezuelata (Walker) comb.n.
ambusta (Prout)
belisama (Druce) syn.n.
invasata (Walker)
partita (Prout) syn.n.
venezuelata cellata (Prout) syn.n.
confundaria (Moschler)
coerulea (Warren) syn.n.
coerulea aphenges Prout syn.n.
derasa (Warren) syn.n.
sesquiplaga Prout syn.n.
depressa Warren
semiviridis Warren syn.n.
stagonata (Felder and Rogenhofer) comb.n.
arycanda (Druce) syn.n.
nivetacta (Warren) comb.n.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Species descriptions

The flavilimes group

This group has pale and poorly developed
abdominal crests and lacks blotches on the wings.

Oospila flavilimes (Warren) comb.n.
(Pl. 1: 1, Figs 1, 78, 146)

Lissochlora flavilimes Warren, 1904a: 21. Holo-
type O', in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; S[anto] Domingo, Cara-
baya, 6000 ft, Nov[ember]. [19]01. wet sea-
s[on]. (Ockenden); Rothschild Bequest B.M.
1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 14992
CO’. [Examined. ]

Leptolopha flavilimes (Warren) 1909: 78; Prout,
1912: 128; 1932: 52.

oO, 2 (Pl. 1: 1, Fig. 1). Fore wing length: 7-9
mm. Antenna of female simple throughout
length. Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal
fillet white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green.
Wings: ground colour dark green, blotches
absent. Fore wing: costa cream; with narrow
yellow band along termen; discal spot small,
brown. Hind wing: narrow yellow band along
termen; discal spot small, white. Hind leg: proxi-
mal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
absent from tibia. Abdomen: crests small, cream;
remainder of dorsal surface cream; male lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 of male
not strongly sclerotized, with M-shaped apex in
male.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 78). Uncus short, tapering.
Socii disproportionately large. Gnathos: not
fused; not reduced; expanded not tapered at
apices. Valva: ampulla with broad, denticulate
apex; sacculus not extended. Anellar complex:
completely surrounding aedeagus, with distinc-
tive shape and extensions. Vinculum: ventral
plate V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus:
vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 146). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: antrum large; ductus
bursae long, not strongly sclerotized, not stri-
ated; corpus bursae small; signum small. Ante-
rior apophyses very short.

DIAGNOsIs. Distinguished from permagna by its
smaller size and by the fore wing discal spot. In
permagna the discal ‘spot’ is a short, thin, green
line whereas in flavilimes it is a tiny brown spot.

9

Distinguished from nigripunctata and pallidaria
by the discal spot of the hind wing: in flavilimes
this spot is white; whereas it is brown in palli-
daria; nigripunctata has a second, brown discal
spot, in addition to the white one. Females can
also be distinguished from pallidaria by their
entirely simple antennae. O. flavilimes is distin-
guished from decorata only by means of the
genitalia (compare Figs 78, 79, 146 and 147), in
particular the form of the gnathos and of the
anellar complex.

DISTRIBUTION. Peru and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Peru: Puno: Santo Dom-
ingo, Carabaya, 1800 m, 10’ [holotype] wet
season, xi.01 (Ockenden); Rio Huacamayo,
Carabaya, 940 m, 20’, dry season, vi.04 (Ock-
enden). Tinguri, Carabaya, 1000 m, 40’, dry
season, vili.1904 (Ockenden). La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, 940 m, 10°, 19, dry season, ix.1904
(Ockenden); 19, wet season, x.04 (Ockenden);
10°, 19, ix.1904 (Ockenden); 10’, wet season,
iii. 1905 (Ockenden); 10°, 19, ix.05 (Ockenden);
20°, 29, wet season, xi-xii.1905 (Ockenden);
10°, 12, wet season, i.1906 (Ockenden). Brazil:
Amazonas: Codajas, Upper Amazon, 20,
iv.1907 (Klages). Fonte Boa, Upper Amazonas,
19, vii.1907 (Klages).

Depository: BMNH.

Oospila decorata (Prout) comb.n.
(Figs 2, 79, 147)

[Leptolopha flavilimes ab. decorata Warren,
1909: 78. Infrasubspecific name].

Leptolopha decorata Warren, Prout: 1932: 52.
Holotype CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: Ama-
zonas. Label data: Type; Fonte Boa, Uppfer]
Amazonas, May 1906 (S. M. Klages); Roths-
child Bequest B. M. 1939-1; Leptolopha flavi-
limes ab decorata Type OC Warr.;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 134740.
[Examined. ]

Oo, 2 (Fig. 2). Fore wing length 8-10 mm.
Female antenna simple, throughout length.
Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark grey-green; blotches absent.
Fore wing: costa pale; narrow, pale yellow band
along termen, discal spot small, dark brown.
Hind wing: narrow, pale yellow band along ter-
men; discal spot short, in form of a thin white
line. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of
long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: crests
small, cream; remainder of dorsal surface green;
male lacking brushes of long hair-scales on ster-

10

num A2; elliptical sclerite absent from interseg-
mental membrane of A2 and A3 of male;
sternum A8 of male not strongly sclerotized,
simple.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 79). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: large, not fused. Valva: apex
cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus extended,
expanded tip bears small spines. Anellar com-
plex: completely surrounding aedeagus, with dis-
tinctive shape. Vinculum: ventral plate
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
with small cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 147). Ostium: sterigma
approximately triangular. Distinctive field of
long bristles on sternum A8. Bursa copulatrix:
ductus bursae with antrum narrow; below
antrum ductus short, strongly sclerotized but not
striated; corpus bursae small; signum small.
Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Distinguished from permagna by its
smaller size and by the shape of the discal spot of
the fore wing: in permagna this is a short, thin,
green line whereas in decorata it is a tiny brown
spot. Distinguished from nigripunctata and palli-
daria by the discal spot of the hind wing: in
decorata this spot is white. Females can also be
distinguished from pallidaria by the antenna of
the female, which is simple throughout in deco-
rata but bipectinate at the base in pallidaria. O.
decorata can be distinguished from flavilimes
only by the genitalia (compare Figs 78, 79, 146
and 147). The male genitalia of decorata are
characterised by the large size of the socii and
gnathos and by the form of the valvae and anellar
complex (Fig. 79). The presence of a field of
bristles on the posterior margin of the ostium is
distinctive (Fig. 147).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from French Gui-
ana, and Brazil.

REMARK. Leptolopha flavilimes ab. decorata
Warren is an infra-subspecific name and there-
fore not available, so the authorship of decorata
is attributed to Prout (1932).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:

St. Jean du Maroni, 10°, 12 (Le Moult). Brazil:

Amazonas: Fonte Boa, Upper Amazonas, 10°

[holotype] v.1906 (Klages); 10% vi.1906 (Klages);

Teffe, Upper Amazonas, 19, viii.1935 (Moss).
Depository: BMNH.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Oospila nigripunctata (Warren) comb.n.
(Figs 3, 80, 148)

Leptolopha_ nigripunctata Warren, 1909: 78.
Holotype CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 ft,
dry s[eason], August 1904 (G. Ockenden);
Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 14243¢’.

Leptolopha nigripunctata Warren, Prout, 1912:
129; 1932-522

CO, Q (Fig. 3). Fore wing length 8-11mm.
Antenna of female simple throughout length.
Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; blotches absent. Fore
wing: costa cream, with narrow yellow band
along termen; discal spot small, dark brown.
Hind wing: with narrow yellow band along ter-
men; anterior discal spot small, white, posterior
discal spot small, brown. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long-hair like scales absent
from tibia. Abdomen: crests small, cream;
remainder of dorsal surface green; male lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 of male
not strongly sclerotized, not modified.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 80). Uncus bifurcate at
apex. Socii reduced. Gnathos not fused. Valva:
apex cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus extended
into long, strongly sclerotized, digitate process;
strongly sclerotized, digitate processes arising
from base of valva. Anellar complex: narrow,
completely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum:
ventral plate broad. Aedeagus: vesica with single
cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 148). Ostium: sterigma dis-
tinctive. Bursa copulatrix: antrum large, funnel-
shaped; ductus bursae short, strongly sclerotized,
not striated; corpus bursae quite large; signum
very small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOsIs. Distinguished from decorata, flavi-
limes and permagna by the presence of a small,
brown discal spot on the hind wing (compare PI.
1: 1 and Figs 1-4). Distinguished from pallidaria
by its smaller size and by the genitalia. Females
can also be distinguished from pallidaria by the
entirely simple antennae. The male genitalia can
be recognised by the shape of the uncus and the
processes extending from the base of the valvae
(Fig. 80). The female genitalia can be recognised
by the shape of the antrum (Fig. 148).

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

DISTRIBUTION. Recorded from French Guiana,
Guyana, Peru and Bolivia.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 12 (Le Moult). 19 (Bar).
Guyana: East Demerara-West Coast Berbice:
Demerara, 19, 1909-1948 (Rodway). Peru:
Puno: Tinguri, Carabaya, 1000 m, 10° [holotype]
dry season, viii.1904 (Ockenden).; 10, dry sea-
son, viii.1904 (Ockenden). La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, S. E. Peru, 940 m, 29, wet season,
ili.1905 (Ockenden); 19, wet season, xi—xii.1905
(Ockenden). Rio Huacamayo, 940 m, 20,
vi.1904 (Ockenden). La Union, Rio Huacamayo,
Carabaya, 610 m, 10 [syntype] wet season,
xi.1904 (Ockenden). Santo Domingo, Carabaya,
2000 m, 10’, dry season, x.1902 (Ockenden).
Bolivia: Cochabamba: Yungas del Espiritu
Santo, 10", 1888-1889 (Germain).
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila permagna (Warren) comb.n.
(Figs 4, 149)

Leptolopha permagna Warren, 1909: 79. LEC-
TOTYPE 9, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: PERU. Label data: Type; Tin-
guri, Carabaya, 3400 ft, dry s[eason], August
1904 (G. Ockenden); Leptolopha permagna
type Q Warr.; Rothschild Bequest B.M.
1939-1.; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
141319. [Examined. ]

Leptolopha permagna Warren, Prout, 1912: 129;
1932; 51.

Leptolopha marginata Schaus, 1912b: 292; Prout,
1932: 52. Holotype, 2 in USNM. Type local-
ity: COSTA RICA: Tuis. Label data: June 07;
Tuis CR 2400 ft; Collection Wm Schaus; Lep-
tolopha n.sp., between flavilimes Wrn XI.21 x
permagna Warr. XVI.79; Leptolopha margi-
nata type Schs; Type No. 17732 U.S.N.M.
{Examined.] [A junior secondary homonym of
marginata Warren (1897).]

Q (Fig. 4). Fore wing length 12-13 mm. Antenna
of female simple throughout length. Frons
brown, vertex white. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface pale green. Wings:
ground colour pale green; blotches absent. Fore
wing: with narrow yellow band along termen;
discal spot small, brown. Hind wing: with narrow
yellow band along termen; discal spot short, thin,
pale yellow line. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent. Abdomen: crests small, cream, with
some brown scales on outer sides; remainder of
dorsal surface cream.

GENITALIA OC’. Unknown.

11

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 149). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: antrum indistinct; duc-
tus bursae quite long, not strongly sclerotized,
not striated; corpus bursae large, narrow; signum
small. Anterior apophyses unusually long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila permagna is larger than
decorata, flavilimes and nigripunctata and can
also be distinguished from these species by the
larger size and colour of the discal spots. In
permagna the fore wing discal spot is a short, thin
green line and the hind wing discal spot is a
longer, thin yellow line. Distinguished from palli-
daria by the white discal spot on the hind wing: in
pallidaria this is brown; also the fore wing discal
spot of pallidaria is smaller and darker. Females
can also be distinguished from pallidaria by the
presence of antennae that are simple throughout
their length.

DISTRIBUTION. Known to occur in Peru, Costa
Rica and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Tuis, 19
[holotype of marginata]. Peru: Puno: Tinguri,
Carabaya, 1000 m, 19 [lectotype of permagna]
dry season, viii.1904 (Ockenden); 19 [paralecto-
type of permagna] dry season, viii.1904 (Ock-
enden); La Oroya, R. Inambari, 940 m, 19, wet
season (Ockenden); 19, wet season, xi-xii.1905
(Ockenden). Brazil: Santos: Alto da Serra, 800
m, 19, 28.ii.1913 (Jones).
Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila pallidaria (Schaus) comb.n.
(Figs 5, 81, 150)

Comostola pallidaria Schaus, 1897: 161. Holo-
type O', in USNM. Type locality: BRAZIL.
Label data: Castro, Parana; Comostola palli-
daria Type. Schs; Collection Wm Schaus; Type
No. 11896 U.S.N.M. [Examined. ]

Leptolopha pallidaria (Schaus) Prout, 1912: 129;
Prout, 1932: 52.

oO, Q (Fig. 5). Fore wing length 10-13 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons brown,
vertex cream. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface cream. Wings: ground colour pale
green, blotches absent. Fore wing: costa cream;
with narrow white or pale yellow band along
termen; discal spot small, brown. Hind wing:
narrow white or pale yellow band along termen,
discal spot small, brown. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent
from tibia. Abdomen: crests small, cream;
remainder of dorsal surface cream; male lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-

12

tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8
strongly sclerotized in male, with bifurcate poste-
rior extension.

GENITALIA O' (Fig. 81). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos not fused. Valva: complex;
costa with short, triangular extension below
apex; ampulla long and narrow; sacculus
extended into very short, strongly sclerotized,
pointed process. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus; basal part distinctive, as
in Fig. 81. Vinculum: ventral plate V-shaped.
Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica with large
cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig 150). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: antrum absent; ductus
bursae fairly short, strongly sclerotized, not stri-
ated; corpus bursae small; signum absent. Ante-
rior apophyses quite long.

DIAGNOsIS. The presence of pectinate antennae
in the female allows this sex to be distinguished
from that of decorata, flavilimes, nigripunctata
and permagna. Both sexes are distinguished from
these species by the presence of a small, brown
discal spot on the hind wings, the others having a
white discal spot (compare PI. 1: 1 and Figs 1-5).
Oospila pallidaria can be distinguished from
nigripunctata by the presence of only a single
discal spot on the hind wing: in nigripunctata
there are two (compare Figs 3 and 5). The male
genitalia can be recognised by the form of the
valvae and anellar complex (Fig. 81).

DISTRIBUTION. Recorded from

Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil.

Argentina,

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Argentina: Misiones: Rio
Parana, 1? (Le Moult). Bolivia: Santa Cruz:
Buenavista, East Bolivia, 10’, vii.—x.1906 (Stein-
bach). Paraguay: Paraguay central, 1?, 1885
(Germain). Brazil: Petropolis, 10°, 192, 1888
(Germain); 12. 10° (Germain). Minas Geraes:
Uberaba, 190°, 39, 1? (Le Moult). Sao Paulo:
Santos, 12. 10°, 29, 5? Parana: Castro, 890 m,
1 [holotype]; 20’, 1? (Jones); 10, v.01
(Jones). Fernandes Pinheiro, 800 m, 10’, iv.1910
(Jones). Rio de Janeiro: Organ Mts, near
Tijunca, 19, 1902 (Wagner). 1?

Depositories: BMNH, USNM.

Oospila subaurea Warren comb.n.

(Figs 6, 82)

Comibaena subaurea Warren, 1907: 201. Holo-
type CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 ft,

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

dry s[eason], August 1904. (G. Ockenden).;
Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 13768 CO.
[Examined. ]

Leptolopha subaurea Warren, Prout, 1932: 51.

CO (Fig. 6). Fore wing length 11-13 mm. Frons
and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour yellow with green speckling con-
centrated at wing base; blotches absent; mark-
ings dark green. Fore wing: costa cream,
speckled with green; area of solid green at apex
and along termen, termen with brown margin;
discal spot large, dark green. Hind wing: broad
green band along termen, fringed with brown
along wing margin; wing base with some green
speckling; discal spot small, dark brown. Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales absent from tibia. Abdomen: crests
small, very pale green; remainder of dorsal sur-
face cream; male lacking brushes of long hair-
scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent
from intersegmental membrane of A2 and A3 of
male; sternum A8 of male not strongly sclero-
tized; simple.

GENITALIA O (Fig. 82). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos reduced, not fused. Valva:
ampulla absent; sacculus with sub-apical exten-
sion. Anellar complex approximately V-shaped,
not completely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum:
ventral plate V-shaped. Coremata absent.
Aedeagus: vesica with short cornutus.

GENITALIA 9. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. This species can be recognised by
the yellow ground colour of the wings. The male
genitalia can be recognised from the large soci
and the shape of the anellar complex (Fig. 82).

DISTRIBUTION. The two specimens examined
are from Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Peru: Puno: Tinguri,
Carabaya, 1000 m, 10 [holotype] dry season,
viii.1904 (Ockenden); 10’ dry season, vili.1904
(Ockenden).

Depository: BMNH.

Oospila acymanta (Prout) comb.n.
(Figs 7, 83)

Urucumia acymanta Prout, 1933: 71 pl 8k. LEC-
TOTYPE ©, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: BRAZIL. Label data: Type HT;
39 27 Urucum, 15 miles S. of Corumba, 650 ft,
19.iv.27. Matto Grosso C. L. Collenette; Uru-

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

cumia acymanta © type Prout; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 14807 ©’. [Examined.]

CO (Fig. 7). Fore wing length 6-8 mm. Frons and
vertex dark brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings: pale
green; unmarked except for small, brown discal
spot. Hind wing: frenulum absent. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal two crests pale
brown, more distal crests cream; male lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane A2-A3; sternum A8 with M-shaped apical
edge.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 83). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
deeply cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus extended
into long, pointed process. Anellar complex
reduced to strongly developed juxta with two
long, narrow posterior extensions. Vinculum:
ventral plate emarginated. Aedeagus: vesica with
single cornutus.

GENITALIA 9. Unknown.

DIAGNOsIs. Distinguished from immaculata by
its smaller size and by the presence of a brown
discal spot on the wings; immaculata has no
discal spot on the hind wings. The male genitalia
of acymanta can be recognised by the shape of
the juxta (Fig. 83).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Mato Grosso:
Urucum, 15 miles S. of Corumba, 200-275 m,
20 [paralectotypes] 18.iv.27 (Collenette); 10°
[lectotype] 19.iv. 27 (Collenette); 10° [paralecto-
type] 21.iv.27 (Collenette); 2 & [paralectotype]
1886 (Germain).

Depository: BMNH.

The quinquemaculata group

The quinquemaculata group is characterised by
four characters of the male genitalia. The uncus
has a long apical extension, the gnathos is fused,
coremata are present (except in florepicta) and
the sacculus is not strongly developed. This
group is distinguished from the thalassina group
by the absence of a proximal pair of spurs on the
hind tibia.

Oospila quinquemaculata (Warren)
(Figs 8, 84, 151)

Drucia quinquemaculata Warren, 1906: 416.

13

Holotype 92, in USNM. Type locality:
FRENCH GUIANA. Label data: S[ain]t Jean,
Maroni, F[rench] Guiana; Drucia quin-
quemaculata type 2; Type No. 9177 U.S.N.M;
Collection Wm Schaus; Genitalia Slide By
MAC 57765 USNM. [Examined. ]

Oospila quinquemaculata (Warren); Prout, 1912:
134; 1933: 58.

Drucia circumdata Warren, 1907: 202. Holotype
Oo’, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU. Label
data: Type; La Oroya, R[io] Inambari, S[outh]
Efast] Peru, 3100 ft, wet season, Oct[ober]
1904. (G. Ockenden); Drucia circumdata type
CO Warr[en]; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15685 ©’. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila circumdata (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134;
1933: 58.

Oospila circumdata striolata Prout, 1918a: 118;
1933: 58. Holotype o’, in BMNH. Type local-
ity: PERU. Label data: Type H[olo] T[ype],
Rio Ampiyacu, Putomayo, Peruv[ian] Ama-
z[onas]; Det[ermined] by L.B. Prout; Joicey
Bequest. Brit[ish] Mus[eum] 1934~120;
Oospila circumdata striolata OC type Prout;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15686 Oo.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

oO, 2 (Fig. 8). Fore wing length 12-14 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings reddish brown or pale brown
with darker brown centres. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; blotch at apex large, extending to costa,
connected to blotch at tornus by narrow band
along termen; blotch at tornus small; discal spot
small, brown. Hind wing: blotches at apex and
tornus connected by narrow band along termen,
sometimes joined to blotch at anal margin by
narrow band along anal margin; blotch at anal
margin small, narrow; discal spot usually small,
brown, occasionally absent. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
brown or reddish brown; sternum A2 of male
without brushes of long hair-scales posteriorly;
elliptical sclerite absent from intersegmental
membrane of sterna A2 and A3 of male; sternum
A8 of male not strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 84). Uncus long, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: fused, not reduced. Valva:
costa more strongly sclerotized; ampulla short,
pointed; sacculus not extended. Anellar com-
plex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vincu-

14

lum: broad, ventral plate, sometimes W-shaped,
sometimes U-shaped, with posterior projection.
Coremata present. Aedeagus: vesica with large
cornutus.

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 151). Ostium: sterigma
absent, but membrane laterad of ostium with
extra sclerotization and folded to form pouch.
Bursa copulatrix: complex of ductus bursae and
corpus bursae large, with short striations and
convoluted folds, antrum absent; signum small.
Anterior apophyses quite long.

DIAGNOsIs. Although rather similar to continu-
ata in external appearance, quinquemaculata can
be distinguished by the narrow band along the
termen connecting the blotches at the apex and
the tornus, in continuata this band is much
broader (compare Figs 8 and 9). Moreover, the
apical blotch of quinquemaculata is rounded
whereas that of continuata is indented.

The absence of an extension of the hind wing
at the apex of vein M, of the hind wing distin-
guishes quinquemaculata from asmura (compare
Figs 8 and 17). The form of the anellar complex
distinguishes males of quinquemaculata from
those of asmura and continuata (compare Figs
84, 85 and 93).

The female genitalia can be recognised by the
unusual shape and convoluted folds of the bursa
copulatrix (Fig. 151).

DISTRIBUTION. Recorded in Costa Rica, French
Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, and northern parts of
Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Guanacaste:
Derrumbe, Estacion Mengo, West side Volcan
Cacao, 1400 m, 19, S.vi.1988 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); Estacion Pitilla, 9 km South of Santa
Cecilia, 700 m, 19, xi.1989 (Moraga, Rios).
French Guiana: Guyane: Godebert-Maroni, 10°
(Le Moult); St. Jean du Maroni, 19 [holotype of
quinquemaculata]. Peru: Loreto: Rio Ampiyacu,
10 [holotype of circumdata striolata]. Puno:
South East Peru, La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940
m, 19, wet season, x.1904 (Ockenden); 10
[holotype of circumdata] wet season, x.1904
(Ockenden); 10%, ix.05 (Ockenden); 20’, wet
season, xi-xii.1905 (Ockenden). Bolivia: Santa
Cruz: Provincia del Sara, 450 m, 10° vii.1914
(Steinbach). Brazil: Amazonas: Upper Amazon,
Codajas, 19 [paratype of circumdata striolata|
iv.1907 (Klages).

Depositories: BANH, CMNH, INBio, USNM.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Oospila continuata (Warren)
(Figs 9, 85, 152)

Racheolopha continuata Warren, 1906: 422.
Holotype 9, in USNM. Type locality:
FRENCH GUIANA. Label data: French Gui-
ana: S[ain]t Laurent du Maroni, xii.1904;
Schaus Coll[ection]; Type No. 9190 U.S.N.M.
[Examined. ]

Oospila continuata (Warren); Prout, 1933: 58.

CO, @ (Fig. 9). Fore wing length 9-10 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings brown. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; blotch at apex indented at apex, con-
nected to blotch at tornus by broad band along
termen; blotch at tornus quite small; discal spot
small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at apex long,
thin, extending halfway along termen, connected
to blotch at tornus by narrower band along
termen; blotch at tornus connected to blotch at
anal margin by narrower band along anal margin;
blotch at anal margin short, narrow; discal spot
small, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales present. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface brown; sternum A2
with brushes of long hair-scales in male; elliptical
sclerite absent from intersegmental membrane of
sterna A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 not
strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 85). Uncus long, expanded
at apex. Socii large. Gnathos: fused, not
reduced. Valva: costa with shallow cleft subapi-
cally; short, subapical digitate projection near
costa; ampulla short, with tip cleft; sacculus not
extended. Anellar complex completely surround-
ing aedeagus; extending posteriorly as a broad
tongue-shaped plate (broader than in depressa,
Fig. 143). Vinculum: ventral plate broad,
rounded. Coremata present. Aedeagus short,
squat; vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 152). Ostium: with shallow
internally-directed pocket on each side; sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae quite
short, not strongly sclerotized or striated, antrum
absent; corpus bursae large; signum small. Ante-
rior apophyses quite long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila continuata is rather similar
in external appearance to quinquemaculata, from
which it may be distinguished by the broad band
along the termen connecting the blotches at the
apex and tornus (compare Figs 8 and 9). Also,

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

continuata has a distinct apical indentation of the
blotch at the apex of the fore wing, whereas the
blotch is more rounded in quinquemaculata.

The narrower and more uniform band of
brown along the termen of the wings and the
absence of a brick-red marking at the base of the
fore wing distinguish continuata from excrescens
(compare PI. 1: 2, Figs 9 and 10).

Oospila continuata may be distinguished from
circumsessa by the extension of the brown mark-
ings along the anal margin of the hind wing and
by the absence of a short extension of the hind
wing at the apex of vein M; (compare Figs 9 and
18).

The male genitalia of continuata can be recog-
nised by the extension of the posterior part of the
anellar complex into a broad, tongue-shaped
plate, and by the shape of the valvae (Fig. 85).

DISTRIBUTION. Five specimens were examined,
four from the Guyane region of French Guiana
and a single specimen from the Amazonas region
of Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Amazonas: Fonte
Boa, 10%, viii.1907 (Klages). French Guiana:
Guyane: St. Jean du Maroni, 19, 1? (Le Moult);
St. Laurent du Maroni, 19 [holotype] xii.1904;
1?

Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila excrescens (Warren)
(Pl. 1: 2, Figs 10, 86, 153)

Drucia excrescens Warren, 1906: 415. Holotype
CO’, in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH GUI-
ANA. Label data: French Guiana: Maroni
R[iver], Saint Jean, vii.1904 (Schaus Coll);
Type No. 9176 U.S.N.M. [Examined.]

Oospila excrescens (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134;
1933: 59.

Oo, 2 (Pl. 1: 2, Fig. 10). Fore wing length 9-10
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface reddish brown. Wings: ground
colour dark green; markings reddish brown. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; blotch at apex large,
extending to costa, connected to blotch at tornus
by narrower band along termen; additional
blotch at wing base or 1/3 along anal margin;
discal spot small, reddish. Hind wing: with
blotches at apex and tornus connected by nar-
rower band along termen, extended along anal
margin and connected to blotch at anal margin;
blotch at anal margin, small, narrow; discal spot
small, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:

15

basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface reddish-brown; male
lacking brushes of long hair-scales on sternum
A2; elliptical sclerite absent from intersegmental
membrane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 of
male not strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 86). Uncus long, widening
at apex. Socii large. Gnathos fused, shape
resembles that of uncus. Valva: ampulla short,
triangular; large curved, denticulate sclerite
occurring basad of ampulla; sacculus not
extended. Anellar complex: completely sur-
rounding aedeagus, fused to valvae posteriorly.
Vinculum: ventral plate U-shaped with medial
projection. Coremata present. Aedeagus: vesica
with long cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 153). Ostium: with sur-
rounding membrane having convoluted folds;
sterigma absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae
long, antrum small and strongly sclerotized; stri-
ated below antrum; corpus bursae large; signum
very small. Anterior apophyses quite long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila excrescens is easily recogn-
ised by the presence of a brick-red blotch at the
base of the fore wing (Pl. 1: 2). The valva of
excrescens has a distinctive ampulla and a den-
ticulate sclerite (Fig. 86).

DISTRIBUTION. Most of the specimens examined
were collected from French Guiana and Brazil,
but two male specimens came from Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
Haut Maroni, La Forestiere, 12 (Le Moult);
Nouveau Chantier, 19; St. Jean du Maroni, 10"
[holotype]; 2 co’; St. Laurent du Maroni, 10’,
19; 10°. Peru: Madre de Dios: Tambopata
Reserve, 30 km South West of Puerto Mal-
donado, 300 m, 20", 16-22.x.1983 (Covell). Bra-
zil: Amazonas: Fonte Boa, 10’, v.06 (Klages);
40’, ix.06 (Klages); Teffe, Egas, 10’.
Depositories: BANH, CVCJ, USNM.

Oospila florepicta (Warren)
(Pl. 1: 3, Figs 11, 87, 154)

Racheolopha florepicta Warren, 1906: 424. Holo-
type O', in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: French Guiana:
Maroni, Saint Jean, iv.1904; Schaus Coll[ec-
tion]; Type No. 9194 U.S.N.M. [Examined. ]

[Oospila florepicta ab. pulchripicta Prout, 1918b:
82. Infra-subspecific name. }

Oospila florepicta (Warren); Prout, 1933: 57.

Oospila cayennensis Herbulot, 1991: 108. Holo-
type CO’, in HERB. Type locality: FRENCH

16

GUIANA. Label data: Piste Nancibo Pk 6
28-III-1990; Guyane Francaise environs de
Cayenne H. de Toulgoét; Pr. No6646 C. Her-
bulot; Oospila cayennensis H[e]rb[u]l[o]t
Holotype. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oo, Q (Pl. 1: 3, Fig. 11). Fore wing length 13-16
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; markings brown (orange-brown in
form cayennensis, reddish brown in form pulchri-
picta), or with dark brown centres surrounded by
paler brown or yellow. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; blotches at apex and tornus approxi-
mately circular, not connected by band along
termen; discal spot small, dark, same colour as
blotches. Hind wing: subapical blotch and blotch
at tornus approximately circular, not connected
by band along termen, nor connected to blotch at
anal margin; marking (a modified blotch) at anal
margin small, narrowed; discal spot small, dark,
same colour as blotches. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface dark
coloured (same colour as wing markings); male
lacking brushes of long hair-scales on sternum
A2; elliptical sclerite absent from intersegmental
membrane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8
not strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 87). Uncus long. Socii quite
large. Gnathos fused, resembling shape of uncus.
Valva: costa more strongly sclerotized, with
small subapical extension; ampulla broad, with
serrated apex; shallow notch usually occurring
just below ampulla; sacculus not extended, typi-
cally without denticulate margin (as illustrated in
Fig. 87), sometimes irregularly shaped with den-
ticulate margin. Anellar complex: V-shaped.
Vinculum: ventral plate typically weakly emar-
ginated, sometimes rounded. Coremata absent.
Aedeagus: vesica with large cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 154). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: antrum indistinct; duc-
tus widening distally, strongly sclerotized and
striated; corpus bursae large; signum small.
Anterior apophyses quite long.

DIAGNOsIS. The intricate pattern of the blotches
makes most specimens of florepicta instantly rec-
ognisable. However, some colour variants of this
species are close to rosipara, from which they can
be distinguished by the presence of blotches at
the tornus of both the fore and hind wings
(compare Pl. 1: 3, Figs 11 and 19). The male

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

genitalia of florepicta can be recognised by the
shape of the ampulla (Fig. 87).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
French Guiana, Colombia and northern areas of
Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
Godebert Maroni, 12 (Le Moult); St. Jean du
Maroni, 10° (Le Moult); 10 [holotype of flo-
repicta| iv.1904; Environs de Cayenne, piste
Nancibo PK 6, 10 [holotype of cayennensis]
28.iii.1990 (Toulgoét); Piste Changement PK 1,
19 [paratype of cayennensis] 27.iv.1989 (Toul-
goét, Navatte, Lalanne-Cassou). Colombia:
Camea Valley, 1200 m, 1¢ [no date] (ex coll.
Johnson); C.C.Hq., Bajo Calima, 90 m, Valle
10°, 12.1.1985 (Sullivan). Brazil: Para, vi.1923
(Lemmer Coll. from Buchholz); Para, 10
(Moss). Amazonas: Fonte Boa, 20’, v.1906
(Klages); 19, vi.1907 (Klages).
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, HERB.

Oospila semispurcata (Warren)
(Figs 12, 88, 155)

Drucia semispurcata Warren, 1906: 416. Holo-
type 9, in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: French Guiana:
Maroni R{iver], Saint Jean, vii.1904 (Schaus
Collfection]); Type No. 9179 U.S.N.M.
[Examined. ]

Oospila semispurcata (Warren); Prout, 1912:
134; 1933: 59.

oO, 2 (Fig. 12). Fore wing length 12-14 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; speckled with brown except at apex of
fore wing and wing base of fore and hind wing;
blotches absent; discal spot of fore and hind wing
small, brown; fore wing with costa pale brown.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales on male tibia. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface cream; male with brushes of
long hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
present in intersegmental membrane of A2 and
A3 of male; sternum A8 not strongly sclerotized,
simple.

GENITALIA OC (Fig. 88). Uncus long. Socii large.
Gnathos fused. Valva: costa emarginated subapi-
cally; ampulla quite long, expanded to denticu-
late apex; sacculus not extended. Anellar
complex V-shaped, with two separate ventral
plates; not surrounding aedeagus completely.

:

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Coremata present. Vinculum: ventral plate
weakly emarginated with narrow medial projec-
tion. Aedeagus: vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 155). Ostium: sterigma
forming ring around ostium; broad medial
pocket and smaller pocket present on each side.
Bursa copulatrix: large, antrum and ductus bur-
sae indistinct, with some striation at posterior;
signum small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOsIS. The pale brown colour of the costa
and the rounded apex of the hind wings distin-
guishes semispurcata from granulata the only
other species that has its wings speckled with
brown (compare Figs 12 and 14). The male
genitalia of semispurcata can be recognised by
the shape of the ampulla and the anellar complex
(Fig. 88). The female genitalia can be recognised
by the arrangement of pockets surrounding the
ostium (Fig. 155).

DISTRIBUTION. All specimens examined were
collected in the Guyane region of French Gui-
ana.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 10", 19 (Le Mout); 10°, 19
[holotype] vii.1904; 32; St. Laurent du Maroni,
1d.

Depositories: BMNH, USNM.

Oospila rhodophragma Prout
(Pl. 1: 4, Figs 13, 89)

Oospila rhodophragma Prout, 1916: 170; 1933:
59. Holotype oO’, in BMNH. Type locality:
BRAZIL. Label data: Type; Codajas, Upper
Amazon, April 1907 (S.M. Klages); Roths-
child Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; fig
[d] in Seitz VIII; Oospila rhodophragma C
type Prout; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
157310". [Examined. ]

CO (Pl. 1: 4, Fig. 13). Fore wing length 12 mm.
Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; blotches absent. Fore
wing: costa white, with brown line inside and
parallel to costa; with narrow white band along
termen, marked with small brown patches at
ends of veins; with parallel brown line inside
white band; discal spot small, brown. Hind wing:
narrow white band along termen, penetrated at
points by brown line proximal to this; parallel
brown line inside white band; discal spot small,
brown. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal
crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface green;
lacking brushes of long hair-scales on sternum

17

A2; elliptical sclerite absent from intersegmental
membrane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8
not strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 89). Uncus long. Socii large.
Gnathos: fused, not reduced. Valva: ampulla
long, narrow; sclerite basal of ampulla rounded
with apex denticulate; sacculus extended slightly
to broad, rounded lobe, not strongly sclerotized.
Anellar complex: completely surrounding aedea-
gus. Coremata present. Vinculum: ventral plate
broad, U-shaped. Aedeagus: vesica striated and
lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. The white colour of the fore wing
costa and absence of other markings distin-
guishes rhodophragma from other species of
Oospila. The male genitalia of rhodophragma
can be recognised by the shape of the ampulla
and the sclerite basal to it on the valva (Fig. 89).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from one specimen,
which was collected in Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: = Amazonas:
Upper Amazon, Codajas, 10 [holotype] iv.1907
(Klages).

Depository: BMNH.

Oospila granulata (Warren) comb.n.
(Figs 14, 90)

Rhombochlora granulata Warren, 1909: 89.
Holotype ©’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Type; Fonte Boa, Amazonas,
July 1906, (S. M. Klages); Rothschild Bequest
B.M. 1939-1; fig in Seitz 8; Rhombochlora
granulata type CO Warr.; Geometridae genita-
lia slide No. 15810 &.

CO (Fig. 14). Fore wing length 14 mm. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface pale, reddish brown. Wings:
ground colour dark green; speckled with reddish
brown, blotches absent. Fore wing: costa white;
with white line along basal part of termen; brown
speckling most concentrated at tornus; discal
spot small, brown. Hind wing: white line along
termen towards apex; discal spot small, brown.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown with mesal,
long, green, hair-like scales (unlike in all other
species of Oospila); remainder of dorsal surface
green; lacking brushes of long, hair-scales on
sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from inter-
segmental membrane of A2 and A3, sternum A8
not strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 90). Uncus long. Socii large.

18

Gnathos fused, not reduced. Valva: ampulla
absent; sacculus extended to short, robust, apical
process; facing edges of valvae strongly sclero-
tized, denticulate. Anellar complex reduced to
strongly developed juxta, with two long, narrow
posterior extensions. Coremata present. Vincu-
lum: ventral plate broad, U-shaped. Aedeagus:
vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOsIS. The white costa and the green scales
in the middle of the abdominal crests are features
distinguishing granulata from semispurcata. The
male genitalia of granulata can be recognised by
the modification of the facing edges of the valvae
(Fig. 90).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from one specimen,
which was collected in Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Amazonas: Fonte
Boa, 1 O& [holotype] vii. 1906 (Klages).
Depository: BMNH.

The thalassina group

The thalassina group is distinguished by a suite of
characters. There are two pairs of spurs on the
male hind tibia; sternum Aé8 in the male is not
strongly sclerotized, and not extended posteri-
orly. In the male genitalia the uncus is long and
the gnathos fused. The male valvae are simple
and lacking an ampulla, and the sacculus of the
valva is not extended in this group.

Oospila thalassina Warren
(Figs 15, 91)

Oospila thalassina Warren, 1905: 318; Prout,
1912: 134. Holotype CO’, in BMNH. Type local-
ity: PERU. Label data: Cuzco, Peru, April
1901. (Garlepp); Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Oospila thalassina type C’
Warr[en]; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
16309 ©’. [Examined. ]

Oospiloma thalassina (Warren); Prout, 1916:
170; 1932: 55.

CO (Fig. 15). Fore wing length 13-16 mm. Frons
and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings dark brown.
Fore wing: costa dark brown; subapical blotch
and blotch at tornus small, joined by narrow
band along termen; discal spot large, brown.
Hind wing: blotches absent; termen with narrow
band; anterior discal spot small, white; posterior
discal spot small, brown. Hind leg: proximal

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

spurs present; brush of long hair-like scales
absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
cream; sternum A2 with brushes of long hair-
scales absent; elliptical sclerite absent from inter-
segmental membrane between A2 and A3;
sternum A8 not strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 91). Uncus long, broadening
slightly at apex. Socii large. Gnathos: fused, not
reduced. Valva: ampulla absent; sacculus lobed.
Anellar complex: shape distinctive; completely
surrounding aedeagus; extended posteriorly into
short tongue-like process (obscured by gnathos
and dotted in Fig. 91). Vinculum: ventral plate
broad, U-shaped, with short medial projection.
Coremata present. Aedeagus small, short and
squat; cornutus absent.

GENITALIA 9. Unknown.

DIAGNOsIS. The wing markings of Oospila
thalassina are similar to those of confluaria and
dicraspeda (compare Figs 15, 42 and 47), but
thalassina may be distinguished by the presence
of a proximal pair of spurs on the hind tibia. The
simple sternum A8, long uncus, fused gnathos,
and the presence of coremata distinguish males
of thalassina from those of the other two species
(compare Figs 91, 115 and 120). The wing mark-
ings differ from those of /acteguttata, which is the
only other species of Oospila with proximal spurs
on the hind tibia (compare Figs 15 and 16).

DISTRIBUTION. An Andean species, collected in
Peru and Bolivia.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Peru: 2 O (Le Moult).
Amazonas: Huambo, 7 0’, IV“ Trimestre 1889
(Mathan). Cuzco: 10° [holotype] iv.1901 (Gar-
lepp); Avispas, Madre de Dios, 20,
10-20.x.1962 (Pena). Puno: La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, 940 m, 10’, dry season, ix.01 (Ock-
enden). Bolivia: 10’ (Germain).
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH.

Oospila lacteguttata (Warren)
(Figs 16, 92)

Racheolopha lacteguttata Warren, 1909: 85.
LECTOTYPE QC, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: PERU. Label data: Huan-
cabamba, Cerro de Pasco (E. Boettger); Roth-
schild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Racheolopha lacteguttata type CO’ Warr[en];
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 16308 CO.
[Examined. ]

Oospila lacteguttata (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Oospiloma lacteguttata (Warren); Prout, 1916:
170; 1932: 54.

Progonodes fenestrata Bastelberger, 1911: 54;
Prout, 1912: 132. Holotype o’, in Senckenberg
Museum. Type locality: PERU. Label data:
fenestrata Bastelb[erger]; Typus; Coll[ection]
Bastelberger. [Not examined]. Syn.n.

Oospiloma fenestrata (Bastelberger);
1932: 54.

Oospila peralta Schaus, 1912b: 287. LECTO-
TYPE OC, here designated, in USNM. Type
locality: COSTA RICA. Label data: Feb[ru-
ary] 07; Peralta 2000 ft C[osta] R[ica]; Collec-
tion Wm Schaus; Type No. 17720 U.S.N.M;
Oospila peralta type Sch[au]s; Genitalia Slide
By MAC 57761 USNM. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospiloma (?) peralta (Schaus); Prout, 1916:
170; 1932: 55.

CO (Fig. 16). Fore wing length 11-13 mm. Frons
and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; blotches absent. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; cream band along ter-
men, brown band proximal and parallel to cream
band; white spots marking apices of veins; discal
spot small, brown. Hind wing: markings on ter-
men as for fore wing; discal spot small, white.
Hind leg: proximal spurs present on tibia; brush
of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface green; sternum A2 with brushes
of long hair-scales absent; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane between
A2 and A3; sternum A8 not strongly sclerotized,
simple.

Prout,

GENITALIA CO’ (Fig. 92). Uncus long, slightly
expanded at apex. Socii large. Gnathos: fused,
not reduced. Valva: with shallow subapical cleft;
narrowing towards apex; ampulla absent; margin
of sacculus lobed. Anellar complex: shape dis-
tinctive. Vinculum: ventral plate broad with
medial projection. Coremata absent. Aedeagus:
vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOsIs. The presence of proximal spurs on
the hind tibia distinguishes Jacteguttata from
other species of Oospila (except for thalassina, a
species easily distinguished by means of the wing
markings, compare Figs 15 and 16). Oospila
lacteguttata can be distinguished from immacu-
lata by the presence of a brown discal spot on the
fore wings (compare Figs 16 and 61) and from
holochroa by the presence of a single discal spot
only on the hind wings (compare Figs 16 and 34).

19

The long uncus, fused gnathos and the form of
the anellar complex also distinguish males of
lacteguttata from the other species (compare Figs
91, 92, 109 and 133).

DISTRIBUTION. Material has been examined
from Costa Rica, Colombia and Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Cartago:
Peralta, 610 m, 10 [lectotype of peralta] ii.07.
Colombia: Meta: East Colombia: Upper Rio
Negro, 10° (Fass/). Peru: Cajamarca: Huan-
cabamba, Cerro de Paseo, 10 [lectotype of
lacteguttata|] (Boettger); 10 [paralectotype of
lacteguttata| (Boettger); 10° (Boettger). 10° (Le
Moult).
Depositories: BANH, USNM.

The asmura group

The asmura group is distinguished by a short
extension of the hind wing at the distal end of
vein M3, terminating in a tuft of scales projecting
beyond the fringe, and by the distinctive, large
transtillae in the male genitalia.

Oospila asmura (Druce)
(Figs 17, 93, 156)

Racheospila (?) asmura Druce, 1892: 92. Holo-
type O’, in MNHU. Type locality: PANAMA.
Label data: 715; Origin; Zool. Mus[{eum] Ber-
lin; Chiriqui; Typus; Racheospila asmura
type Druce. [Examined.]

Drucia asmura (Druce); Warren, 1900: 133.

Oospila asmura (Druce); Prout, 1912: 133; 1933:
a8;

Drucia latimargo Warren, 1904a: 20. Holotype
Oo’, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU. Label
data: Type; S[anto] Domingo, Carabaya, 6000
ft, XII.01. wet seas[on] (Ockenden); Oospila
latimargo type © Warrfen]; Rothschild
Bequest B[ritish]} | M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15730 C.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila latimargo (Warren); Prout, 1912: 133;
1932: 59.

Drucia fumidimargo Dognin, 1911b: 162. Holo-
type O', in USNM. Type locality: COLOM-
BIA. Colombia: [Valle,] near Cali, Alto de las
Cruces, 2200 m, iii.1909 (Fass/). [Examined.]
Syn.n.

Oospila fumidimargo (Dognin); Prout, 1912:
134; 1933: 59.

O,, 2 (Fig. 17). Fore wing length 10-16 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet brown. Thorax: dor-

20

sal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green, markings reddish brown. Fore wing:
costa pale brown; blotch at apex large, usually
connected by narrow band along termen to
blotch at tornus; discal spot small, brown. Hind
wing: blotch at apex large, connected by narrow
band along termen to blotch at tornus; blotch at
tornus smaller, connected to blotch at anal mar-
gin by narrow band along anal margin; blotch at
anal margin small, narrow; discal spot small,
brown; usually with short extension of wing at
distal end of vein M3, marked by one or two tufts
of dark brown scales projecting beyond wing
fringe. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of
long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface reddish brown; male lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 with
posterior edge emarginated in male.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 93). Uncus not extended.
Socii small. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: apex rounded; ampulla absent; sacculus
not extended. Transtillae in form of massive
curved projections, not fused to each other,
membranous in smaller specimens, strongly scle-
rotized and with denticulate apex in larger speci-
mens (as in Fig. 93). Anellar complex: V-shaped.
Vinculum: ventral plate formed by two strongly
sclerotized rods, joined by more weakly sclero-
tized plate. Aedeagus: vesica with small cornu-
tus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 156). Ostium: surrounded by
weakly sclerotized convoluted folds; sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae short,
strongly sclerotized but not striated; antrum
indistinct; corpus bursae approximately spheri-
cal; signum small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila asmura is similar to camilla
in external appearance, but can be distinguished
by the absence of a green patch enclosed within
the red-brown markings of the fore wings (com-
pare Figs 17 and 21). The female genitalia of
these two species can be distinguished by the
absence of a pocket posterior of the ostium in
asmura (compare Figs 156 and 158).

Oospila asmura can be distinguished from cir-
cumsessa by the separation of the blotches at the
apex and the tornus of the fore wings; by the
absence of small yellow markings within the
brown markings of the hind wings; and by the
extension, along the anal margin of the hind
wings, of the blotch at the tornus (compare Figs
17 and 18). The male genitalia of asmura and

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

circumsessa are quite similar, but the sacculus of
the valva of asmura is not extended, whereas it is
in circumsessa (compare Figs 93 and 94).

The extension of the blotch at the tornus of the
hind wing along the anal margin, and the exten-
sion of the hind wing at the apex of vein M,
distinguish asmura from jaspidata (compare Figs
17 and 65).

The male genitalia of asmura are distinguished
from those of rosipara and delphinata by the
absence of small spines at the tip of the valvae
(compare Figs 93 and 95). These three species
also have distinctive wing markings (compare
Figs 17, 19 and 20). The female genitalia of
asmura can be distinguished from those of del-
phinata and rosipara by the absence of striation
of the ductus bursae in asmura (compare Figs 156
and 157).

DISTRIBUTION. Widely distributed in Central
and South America.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Guatemala: Quezalt-
enago: Volcan Santa Maria, 10°. Acatenango,
Quisache: Chimaltenango, 1750 m, 10,
10.x.1966 (Welling). Costa Rica: Cartago: Cachi,
1 9. Moravia de Chirripo, 1000 m, 1 Q,
10.v.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs); Juan Vinas, 760
m, 10’, v. (Schaus); 20°, 32; Orosi, 1200 m,2 0
(Fass); Sitio, 10’. Puntarenas: Monteverde, 10’,
12 (Covell); 35 km NE San Vito, near Las
Alturas, Las Alturas Field Station, 1400 m, 10’,
22.11.1991 (Miller); 35 km NE of San Vito, Las
Alturas Field Station, 19, 29.v.1992, 19,
20.vi.1992 (Snyder); 19. Panama: Chiriqui:
Bogava, Chiriqui, 240 m, 19 (Watson); Chiriqui,
10° [holotype of asmura]; Volcan, 19, vii.1981
(Kraus). French Guiana: Guyane: St. Laurent du
Maroni, 10. Venezuela: Aragua: Rancho
Grande, 1100 m, Parque Nacional Henri Pittier,
10°, 25.vi.74 (Pilske); 19. Lara: Yacambu
National Park, 13 km South East Sanare, 1500
m, 30’. Colombia: Meta: East Colombia: Upper
Rio Negro, 800 m, 40 (Fassl). Tolima: Rio
Toche, Quindiu, 2400 m, 10’; 40’. Valle: Near
Cali, Alto de las Cruces, 2200 m, 1c [holotype
of fumidimargo] iii.1909 (Fass/). Ecuador: 10’,
1920 (Hammond). Bolivar: Balzapamba, 19,
ix. 1883—11.1884 (Mathan). Chimborazo: Huigra,
19. Loja: Environs de la Loja, 10", 1891; 20’, 1
?; Loja, 10°. Morona-Santiago: Sevilla Don
Bosco, 1070 m, 10’, 8-11.v.1986 (McKamey).
Peru: 10° (Mathan); Rio Bamba, Hacienda
Cayandeled, Versant Quest Cordillieres, 1300 m,
10, 19, ii.1883 (Stolzmann). Amazonas:
Chachapoyas, 150’, 1889 (Mathan); Huambo,
10°, 1889 (Mathan). Cajamarca: Huancabamba,

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Cerro de Paseo, 2-300 m, 10 (Boettger); Huan-
cabamba, Cerro de Paseo, 2 O (Boettger).
Cuzco: Caradoc, Marcapata, 1200 m, 19, ii.01
(Ockenden); Cuzco, 10’, ii.1952 (Waylkowski).
Huanuco: Pozuzo, 1500-1800 m, 10 (Native
collector). Puno: La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940
m, 10’, dry season, ix.04 (Ockenden); 10, wet
season, ix.04 (Ockenden); 10°, 12, wet season,
iii.05 (Ockenden); 19, ix.05 (Ockenden); 10’,
wet season, xi—xi.1905 (Ockenden); 19, wet sea-
son, xli.05 (Ockenden). La Union, Rio Huaca-
mayo, 610 m, 20’, wet season, xi.04 (Ockenden);
10°, wet season, xii.1904 (Ockenden);
Oconeque, 2100 m, 19, dry season, vii.1904
(Ockenden). Santo Domingo, 1800 m, 10 [holo-
type of /atimargo] wet season, xii.01 (Ockenden);
10’, xi.1904 (Ockenden); Tinguri, 1000 m, 5c’,
dry season, viii.1904 (Ockenden). Bolivia:
Cochabamba: Charaplaya, 65°W 16°S, 1300 m,
10, vi.01 (Simons); Yungas del Espiritu Santo,
110’, 1888-1889 (Germain); Incachaca, 19. La
Paz: Balzapamba, 20’, 19; Rio Songo, 750 m,
10°; Rio Songo, 1400 m, 10’, 24~-30.x.1984
(Pena). Sud Yugas: Puente Villa, 10° (Covell).
River Tamampaya, 10° (Garlepp); 30’ (Ger-
main). Argentina: Jujuy: Parque Nacional Calile-
gua, 4.5 km along Rt.83, 800 m, 10, S.iv.1992
(DeVries, Di lorio, Quinter, Yeates); Parque
Nacional Calilegua (near entrance), Rt.83, along
Rio San Lorenzo, 575m, 10, iii,iv.1992
(DeVries, Di lIorio, Quinter, Yeates); 7.6 km
from Rt.9 along Leon to Tiraxi road, 1650 m,
10°, 9,11.iv.1992 (DeVries, Di lorio, Quinter,
Yeates); Rt.83 near entrance Parque Nacional
Calilegua along Rio San Lorenzo, 575m, 19,
31.ii.—3.iv.1992 (De Vries, Di Iorio, Quinter,
Yeates); Parque National Calilegua, 4.5 km along
Rt.83, 800 m, 19, 5.iv.1992 (De Vries, Di Iorio,
Quinter, Yeates).

Depositories:: AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,
CVCJ, INBio, MNHU, USNM.

Oospila circumsessa Prout
(Figs 18, 94)

Oospila circumsessa Prout, 1918a: 119; 1933: 59.
Holotype Oo’, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; Contamana Rio Ucayali,
Peru, Nov[ember]—Dec[ember] 1912; Oospila
circumsessa ©’ type Prout; Joicey Bequest.
Brit[ish] Mus[eum] 1934-120. [Examined. |

CO (Fig. 18). Fore wing length 10 mm. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; markings reddish brown. Fore wing:
costa pale brown; red-brown band along termen,

21

not extending along costa, widest at tornus,
yellowish towards termen; discal spot small,
brown. Hind wing: blotches at apex and tornus
joined by narrow band along termen, with small
yellow patch 1/3 along termen; blotch at anal
margin absent; discal spot small, brown; wings
with short extension at angle, marked by small
tuft of dark scales projecting beyond fringe. Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface brown; lacking brushes of long_hair-
scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent
from intersegmental membrane of A2 and A3 of
male; posterior margin of sternum A8 emargin-
ated.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 94). Uncus short, not
extended. Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not
reduced. Valva: cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus
extended to short, robust apical process. Tran-
stillae: large outwardly curving, weakly sclero-
tized lobes with pointed tips. Anellar complex:
V-shaped; incompletely surrounding aedeagus.
Vinculum: ventral plate broad, W-shaped. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus: vesica with short cornu-
tus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila circumsessa may be distin-
guished from asmura and jaspidata by the merg-
ing of the blotches on the fore wings, and by the
presence of small yellow markings within the
brown markings of the hind wings (compare Figs
17, 18 and 65). The male genitalia of circumsessa
and asmura are quite similar, but the sacculus of
asmura is not extended as it is in circumsessa
(compare Figs 93 and 94).

DISTRIBUTION. Only two males were examined,
both from the Loreto region of Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Peru: Loreto: Conta-
mana, Rio Ucayali, 10° [holotype] xi—xii.1912;
Pumayacu, 10".

Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila rosipara (Warren)
(Figs 19, 95, 157)

Racheospila rosipara Warren, 1897: 431. Holo-
type CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: VENEZU-
ELA. Label data: Type; Palma _ Sola,
Venezuela; Racheolopha; Racheospila rosi-
para type O Warr[en]; Racheolopha; Roths-
child Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15040 OC.
[Examined. |

22

Oospila rosipara (Warren); Prout, 1912: 133;
19331507).

Racheolopha_ flavicincta Warren, 1900: 137.
Holotype 2, in BMNH. Type locality: VEN-
EZUELA. Label data: Type; Palma Sola,
Venezuela; Rothschild Bequest British]
M[useum] 1939-1; Racheolopha flavicincta
type 2 Warren; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15039 9. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila flavicincta (Warren); Prout, 1933: 57.

Racheolopha microspila Warren, 1909: 86. Holo-
type O', in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; La Union, R[io] Huaca-
mayo, Carabaya, 200 ft, wet season, Dec[em-

ber] 1904. (G. Ockenden); Racheolopha
microspila type © Warr[en]; Rothschild
Bequest B([ritish] | M[useum] 1939-1;

Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15041C.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila microspila (Warren); Prout, 1933: 57.

Racheolopha conversa Dognin, 1908: 264. Holo-
type 2, in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: French Guiana: S[ain]t
Laurent du Maroni. [Examined.] Synonymized
by Prout, 1932: 57.

Oospila conversa (Dognin); Prout, 1912: 134.

[Oospila rosipara ab. conversa Prout, 1933: 57.
Infra-subspecific name. |

oO, 9 (Fig. 19). Fore wing length 12-18 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet brown. Thorax: dor-
sal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; markings dark brown, or pale brown
with darker perimeters. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; blotch at apex large; blotch at tornus
absent; discal spot small, brown. Hind wing:
blotch at apex large; blotch at tornus absent;
blotch at anal margin large, narrow; discal spot
small, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface brown or green;
male lacking brushes of long hair-scales on ster-
num A2; elliptical sclerite absent from interseg-
mental membrane of A2 and A3 of male;
sternum A8 posterior edge emarginated in male.

GENITALIA C (Fig. 95). Uncus reduced to broad
bar. Socii small, narrow. Gnathos: not fused, not
reduced. Valva: narrows markedly towards spi-
nose apex; ampulla absent; sacculus not
extended. Transtillae: large outwardly curving,
weakly or strongly sclerotized lobes, denticulate
in larger specimens, not denticulate in smaller
specimens. Anellar complex: reduced to
V-shaped juxta. Vinculum: ventral plate broad,

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

weakly emarginated. Coremata absent. Aedea-
gus: vesica with short cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 157). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae short,
strongly sclerotized, striated, antrum indistinct;
corpus bursae quite small; signum small. Ante-
rior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. The large blotches at the apex of the
fore and hind wings and the absence of blotches
at the tornus of the wings distinguishes rosipara
from other Oospila with blotches on the wings.
The male and female genitalia are indistinguish-
able from those of delphinata (Figs 95, 157).

DISTRIBUTION. This species is widely distributed
in Central and South America.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Guatemala: Izabel:
Cayuga, 40°, 19; 19, v. (Schaus, Barnes). Costa
Rica: Limon: Guapiles, 10”; Sixaola River, 10’;
10°, iii. Osa Peninsula: Sirena, Corcovado
National Park, 20’, 11.i.1981 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs). Cartago: Turrialba, 19, 30.v.1962
(Ruckes). Panama: La Choerra, 19. French Gui-
ana: Guyane: St. Jean du Maroni, 40, iii. (Le
Moult); Nouveau Chantier, 10’, iii. (Le Moult);
10°, vii (Le Moult); Cayenne, 10°; St. Laurent
du Maroni, 10°, 19 [holotype of conversa]; 29.
Venezuela: Palma Sola, 10° [holotype of rosi-
para]; 19 [holotype of flavicincta]; 10°; 19,
vi.1909 (Klages). Aragua: El Limon, 450 m, 19.
Barinas: Barinas, Rio Caparo Research Station,
32 km East El Canton, 10°. Carabobo: San
Esteban, 10°, 19, vi.1909 (Klages); Las
Quiguas, Esteban Valley, 10°, 1914; 10°, 19.
Miranda: Miranda Parque Nacional, Guatopo
Agua Blanca, 500 m, 19, 7.v.1975. Colombia:
Boyaca: River Cantinero, Muzo, 400 m, 10
(Fassl). Minca, 610 m, 19 (Smith); Muzo,
400-800 m, 2 CO’ (Fassl). Cauca: Popayan, 20’.
Meta: Upper Rio Negro, Ost Colombia, 800 m,
10° (Fassl). Ecuador: Bulim, 50 m, 19, xii.00
(Fl., M.). Loja, Santiago-Zamora: Cumbaratza,
SE Loja, 10°, 34.iv.1965 (Pena). Peru: Hua-
nuco: Tingo Maria, 10. Junin: Lima-
Charchamayo, 10° (Moss); La Merced, 910-1400
m, 10’, i41i.20 (Watkins). Cuzco: Quincemil, 730
m, 10’, viii.1962 (Pena). Puno: La Union, Rio
Huacamayo, Carabaya, 60 m, 10° [holotype of
microspila] wet season, xii.1904 (Ockenden).
Brazil: Amazonas: Sao Paulo de Olivenga, 10’;
Hyntanahan, Rio Purus, 10’, 11.1922 (Klages);
Fonte Boa, 10’, vi.1906 (Klages). Para: Unt.
Amaz. Taperinha, below Santarem, 10C,
1-10.vii.27 (Zerny).

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,
INBio, USNM, UCVM.

Oospila delphinata (Warren)
(Figs 20, 95, 157)

Drucia delphinata Warren, 1900: 133. Holotype
CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRAZIL. Label
data: Sao Paulo, Drucia delphinata type CW
Warr[en]; Type; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15728 o’. [Examined.]

Oospila delphinata (Warren); Prout, 1912: 133;
1933: 59.

Racheolopha plurimaculata Warren, 1907: 208.
Holotype oO’, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; Pozuzo, Huanuco, 800-1000
m. (W. Hoffmann); Racheolopha plurimacu-
lata type CO Warr[en]; Rothschild Bequest
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae geni-
talia slide No. 15727 ©’. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila plurimaculata (Warren); Prout, 1912:
134; 1933: 59.

Oospila plurimaculata symmicta Prout, 1933: 59.
Holotype ©’, depository unknown. Type local-
ity: BRAZIL. Label data: Brazil: Minas Ger-
aes, 4.ii (coll[ection] Seitz). [Not examined. ]
Syn.n.

Racheospila heteromorpha Warren, 1909: 84.
LECTOTYPE (GC, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: PARAGUAY. Label data:
Type; Sapucay, Paraguay, 16.x.01. (W. Fos-
ter); Racheolopha heteromorpha type O' War-
r[en]; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum]
1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15729
©’. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila heteromorpha (Warren); Prout, 1912:
134.

Oospila delphinata heteromorpha (Warren);
Prout, 1933: 59.

oO, Q (Fig. 20). Fore wing length 9-13 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings cream or pale brown, irrorated
with dark brown and with dark brown perim-
eters. Fore wing: costa pale brown; blotch at
apex small (very small in form plurimaculata
symmicta; Prout, 1933) not extending to costa,
connected to blotch at tornus by barely visible
dark line along termen; blotch at tornus small;
discal spot small, brown. Hind wing: usually
slightly produced at angle, often with tuft of long
brown scales marking extension; blotch at apex
large, extending half length of termen, connected
to blotch at tornus by dark line along termen;
blotch at tornus small, connected to blotch at

23

anal margin by dark line. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface dark
brown or green; male lacking brushes of long
hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of A2 and
A3 of male; sternum A8 emarginated posteriorly
in male.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 95). As for rosipara.
GENITALIA @ (Fig. 157). As for rosipara.

DIAGNOSIS. The blotches of delphinata are
smaller, and paler than in rosipara (compare Figs
19 and 20) and the hind wings of delphinata have
a blotch at the tornus and a short extension at the
apex of vein M3.

DISTRIBUTION. Unlike rosipara, this species
does not occur in Central America, but speci-
mens have been collected in Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.

REMARK. The synonymy of Oospila plurimacu-
lata symmicta is based on the description and
illustration of Prout (1933: 59, Pl. 7. Fig. h).
Attempts to trace the type have proved unsuc-
cessful.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Colombia: Cundinamar-
ca: Mediana, 10°. Ecuador: Pastaza: Huigra,
2100 m, 10’, 3.vi.1931 (Coxey). Peru: Huanuco:
Pozuzo, Huanuco, 800-1000 m, 10° [holotype of
plurimaculata] (Hoffmann); Peru: Junin: 1000 m,
San Ramon, Estancia Naranjal, 10,
20-27.vii.1965 (Wygodzinsky). Bolivia: Santa
Cruz: Central Bolivia: Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
450 m, 10’, ix.1909 (Steinbach). Paraguay: Itape,
10°, 27.xi,24 (Schade). Paraguari: Sapucay: 10°
[lectotype of heteromorpha] 16.x.01 (Foster); 10
[paralectotype of heteromorpha] 16.x.04 (Fos-
ter); 12 [paralectotype of delphinata heteromor-
pha] x.04 (Foster); 1C (Foster). Brazil: Serra de
Baturlite, Ceara, 10°, 1.1985 (Gounelle). Rio
Grande do Sul, 10°. Minas Geraes: 10°; 19 (Le
Moult). Mato Grosso: Burity, Mato Grosso, 20
miles North East of Cuyaba, 690 m, 10,
6-21.ix.27 (Collenette); Chapada, near Cuyaba,
Mato Grosso, 40° (Smith). Para: Unt. Amaz.
Taperinha, below Santarem, 10, 10.vii.27
(Zerny). Parana: Castro, 890 m, 10° (Jones).
Iguassu, 10", 1?, xi.1922. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia,
700 m, Estado do Rio Brasil, 10°; Nova
Friburgo, 19. Santa Catarina: Santa Catarina,
Nova Bremen, Rio Laeiss, 10’, iv.1936 (Hoff-
mann); Rio Laeiss, Blumenau 20’, x.1934 (Hoff-
mann); Blumenau, 20°, 29.iv.29 (Schade);

24

Jaragua do Sul, 10’, xi.27 (Hoffmann); Hansa
Humbolt, 60 m, 10%, vii.1936 (Maller); Rio
Natal, vic. Sao Beuto do Sul, 10, 15.viii.1985
(Mielke, Casegrande). Sao Paulo: South East
Brazil, Sao Paulo, 1 [holotype of delphinata];
30°, 12; 700 m, 2 & (Jones). Argentina: Jujuy:
Rt.83, near entrance Parque Nacional Calilegua
along Rio San Lorenzo, 10’, 31.iii-3.iv.1992
(DeVries, Di Iorio, Quinter, Yeates); Ledesma,
5.5-7.5 km W of Rt. 34 near entrance Parque
Nacional Calilegua, 1600 m, 20’, 14.11.1991,
mesic forest along river (Johnson et al.).

Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,
CVCJ, USNM.

Oospila camilla Schaus
(Pl. 1: 5, Figs 21, 96, 158)

Oospila camilla Schaus, 1913: 350; Prout, 1933:
58. Holotype 2, in USNM. Type locality:
COSTA RICA. Label data: March; Sixaola
Riv[er] C[osta] R[ica]; Oospila; Type No.
17979 U.S.N.M; Oospila camilla type
Sch[au]s; Genitalia Slide By MAC 57759
USNM. [Examined.]

CO, & (Pl. 1: 5; Fig. 21). Fore wing length 11-12
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; markings reddish brown. Fore wing:
costa pale brown; very broad red-brown band
along termen interrupted in unique male speci-
men by small subapical green patch and two
yellow spots halfway along termen; discal spot
small, red-brown. Hind wing: broad red-brown
band along termen, extended along anal margin
as a narrow band, then expanding at wing base;
discal spot red-brown; wing slightly produced at
angle. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of
long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface brown or cream; sternum A2 of
male lacking brushes of long hair-scales; elliptical
sclerite absent from intersegmental membrane
between A2 and A3 of male; sternum A&8 of male
not strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 96). Uncus long, slightly
expanded at apex. Socii large. Gnathos fused,
with long medial projection. Valva: ampulla dis-
tinctive (Fig. 96); sacculus not extended. Anellar
complex: distinctive (Fig. 96); posterior exten-
sions fused to dorsal area of valvae and anterior
extensions fused to ventral area. Vinculum: ven-
tral plate broad, with medial projection Core-

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

mata present. vesica with short

cornutus.

Aedeagus:

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 158). Ostium: with small
pocket posteriorly; sterigma ring-shaped. Bursa
copulatrix: ductus bursae reduced, neither
strongly sclerotized nor striated, antrum absent;
corpus bursae quite small; signum small. Ante-
rior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. The wing markings of camilla are
similar to those of asmura, but in camilla the
red-brown markings of the wings are broader.
The male genitalia can be recognised by the form
of the ampullae and of the anellar complex (Fig.
96). The female genitalia can be recognised by
the presence of a pocket posterior to the ostium
(Fig. 158).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Limon Prov-
ince in Costa Rica.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Limon: Sixa-

ola River, 19 [holotype] iii. [no year]; Cerro

Tortuguero, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 100

m, 10°, 19, v.1989 (Aguillar, Solano).
Depositories: INBio, USNM.

The astigma group

In the astigma group vein R, arises distad of the
origin of vein M, in the fore wing. Although the
species included are rather similar in external
appearance, they can often be distinguished by
their wing markings. However, some intraspe-
cific variation in wing pattern may cause confu-
sion. The genitalia are distinctive.

Oospila astigma (Warren) comb.n.
(Pl. 1: 6, Figs 22, 97)

Racheolopha astigma Warren, 1907: 206. Holo-
type O', in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; La Oroya, R[io] Inambari,
S[outh] E[ast] Peru 3100 ft, wet s[eason],
Oct[ober] 1904 (G. Ockenden); Rothschild
Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Racheolo-
pha astigma type ©’ Warr[en]; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15798 Oo’. [Examined.]

Auophyllodes astigma (Warren); Prout, 1912:
leit

Racheolopha astigma (Warren); Prout, 1932: 54.

CO (Pl. 1: 6, Fig. 22). Fore wing length 9-11 mm.
Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings cream
irrorated with brown, usually with inconspicuous
dark brown perimeters. Fore wing: costa pale

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

brown; brown line along termen; discal spot
absent. Hind wing: with similar line along ter-
men; discal spot absent. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface brown; lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 of male
emarginated posteriorly.

GENITALIA O' (Fig. 97). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla absent; short projection
from base of valva (arrowed in Fig. 97); sacculus
extended, but not pointed. Anellar complex:
completely surrounding aedeagus, not fused to
valvae; with two posterior processes. Vinculum:
ventral plate emarginated. Aedeagus: denticu-
late at base; vesica lacking prominent cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. The wing markings of astigma (PI.
1: 6 and Fig. 22) are similar to those of albi-
punctulata, delacruzi and leucostigma (Figs 23,
24, 25) but astigma lacks discal spots. O. astigma
can be distinguished from miccularia by the paler
colour of the markings and by the shape of the
blotch at the apex of the fore wing (compare PI.
1: 6, Figs 22 and 30). The male genitalia of
astigma can be recognised by the form of the
anellar complex; the small, pointed extension of
the base of the valva; and the denticulate aedea-
gus.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Colombia and
Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Columbia: Mera: East
Colombia, Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 9C° (Fass/).
Peru: Puno: La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940 m, 10°
[holotype] wet season, x.1904 (Ockenden); 10’,
wet season, ix.05 (Ockenden); 10°, wet season,
xii.05 (Ockenden); La Union, Rio Huacamayo,
Carabaya, 610 m, 10’, xi.1904 (Ockenden);
Oconeque, Carabaya, 2100 m, 10’, dry season,
vi.1904 (Ockenden); Tinguri, Carabaya, 1000 m,
20, dry season, vili.1904 (Ockenden); 10
[paratype] wet season, i.05 (Ockenden).
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila leucostigma (Warren) comb.n.
(Figs 23, 98)

Racheolopha leucostigma Warren, 1907: 207;
Prout, 1932: 54. LECTOTYPE (C, here desig-
nated, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU. Label
data: Type; Tinguri, Carabaya, 3400 ft, wet

25

s[eason], Jan{uary] 1905. (G. Ockenden);
Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Racheolopha leucostigma type O Warr[en];
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15799 OC.
[Examined. ]
Auophyllodes
1912: 131.

CO (Fig. 23). Fore wing length 8-10 mm. Frons
and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings cream. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; subapical blotch triangu-
lar, sometimes connected to blotch at tornus by
line along termen; discal spot small, brown and
inconspicuous. Hind wing: blotch at apex large,
connected to blotch at tornus; blotch at tornus
not large; discal spot white. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; with brush of long hair-like scales
on tibia. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown,
distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
brown; lacking brushes of long hair-scales on
sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from inter-
segmental membrane of A2 and A3; sternum A8
emarginated posteriorly.

leucostigma (Warren); Prout,

GENITALIA O (Fig. 98). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: costa more strongly sclerotized towards
apex; ampulla short, narrow, curved; sacculus
developed, emarginated. Anellar complex: com-
pletely surrounding aedeagus, approximately
square in profile. Coremata absent. Vinculum:
ventral plate usually V-shaped, sometimes emar-
ginated. Aedeagus with large carina; vesica with
large cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. The cream wing markings of /eu-
costigma are usually larger than those of
delacruzi (compare Figs 23 and 24), and in many
specimens of delacruzi the wings lack these
markings entirely. However, intraspecific varia-
tion does occur in the extent of the markings in
both species, so such patterns may be insufficient
to identify the species. The presence of a small,
white discal spot on the hind wing of leucostigma
distinguishes it from astigma. Oospila leu-
costigma can be distinguished from albipunctu-
lata and miccularia by the apical blotch of the
fore wing, which does not extend to the costa in
leucostigma (compare Pl. 1: 6, Figs 23, 25 and
30). The wing markings of /eucostigma are also
paler than those of miccularia. Males of leu-
costigma can be distinguished from all these
species by the presence of a brush of long hair-
like scales on the hind tibia. The male genitalia of

26

leucostigma can be recognised by the shape of the
ampulla and the anellar complex (Fig. 98).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Ecuador,
Colombia and Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ecuador: Tungurahua:
Or de Banosa Canelos, 10’, ix—x.1984 (Mathan).
Colombia: Meta: Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 3°
(Fassl). Peru: Puno: Tinguri, Carabaya, 1000 m,
20", dry season, viii.1904 (Ockenden); 1C [lecto-
type] wet season, 1.1905 (Ockenden); 10 [para-
lectotype] wet season, 1.1905 (Ockenden); La
Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940 m, 10’, dry season,
viii.1904 (Ockenden); 10 [paralectotype] wet
season, iii.1905 (Ockenden); 10’, ix.05 (Ock-
enden); 10’, wet season, xi—xii.1905 (Ockenden);
10’, wet season, 1.1906 (Ockenden). South East
Peru, 10’.
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila delacruzi (Dognin)
(Figs 24, 76, 99, 159)

Comibaena delacruzi Dognin, 1898: 218. Holo-
type O', in USNM. Type locality: ECUA-
DOR. Label data: Environs de Loja Equateur
1890; Dognin Collection; Comibaena
Delacruzi type © Dfolg{niJn; close to
Comibaena callicula Druce pl 49 fig 19 [page]
88; [?] de Comibaena invasata W[a]lk[er] [Bio-
logia centrali-Americana] 49 fig 18; Type No.
32757 U.S.N.M.; Genitalia slide No. MAC
022. [Examined. ]

Oospila delacruzi (Dognin); Warren, 1904b: 505.

Auophyllodes delacruzi (Dognin); Prout, 1912:
1B

[Racheolopha delacruzei (Dognin); Prout, 1932:
54. Incorrect spelling of delacruzi.|

Oospila restricta Warren, 1904b: 504; Prout,
1912: 133. Holotype 9, in BMNH. Type local-
ity: PERU. Label data: Type; S[anto] Dom-
ingo, Carabaya, 6500 ft. Dec[ember] 02. Wet
s[eason] (G. Ockenden); Oospila restricta type
Q Warr[en]; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15801 9. [Examined.] Syn.n. Racheolo-
pha restricta (Warren); Prout, 1932: 54.

Oo, @ (Fig. 24, 76). Fore wing length 8-11 mm.
Antenna of female unknown. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches present or absent; where present,
cream, with dark brown speckling. Fore wing:
subapical blotch when present usually small,
never extending to costa, sometimes connected
to blotch at tornus by line along termen; blotch at

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

tornus small, sometimes absent; discal spot
small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at apex absent
or large and sometimes connected to blotch at
tornus by line along termen; wings often
unmarked except for brown band along termen;
discal spot small, white. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface cream or
brown; male lacking brushes of long hair-scales
on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from
intersegmental membrane of A2 and A3 of male;
sternum A8 of male emarginated posteriorly.

GENITALIA O' (Fig. 99). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus pointed;
additional rounded lobe also present. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate not emarginated. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus with short carinate process;
vesica lacking cornuti.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 159). Sterigma absent. Bursa
copulatrix: ductus bursae long, narrow, with long
antrum, strongly sclerotized and striated below
antrum; corpus bursae quite large, signum large.
Anterior apophyses very short.

DIAGNOSIS. Although the wing markings of
delacruzi are usually less extensive than those of
leucostigma (compare Figs 23 and 24) intraspe-
cific variation in both species means that this
character is not always reliable. Males can be
distinguished effectively by the absence of a
brush of long hair-like scales on the hind tibia of
delacruzi. O. delacruzi has a white discal spot on
the hind wing, which is lacking in astigma (com-
pare Pl. 1: 6, Fig 22 and 24). When present, the
cream wing markings of Oospila delacruzi differ
from those of albipunctulata (compare Figs 24
and 25): if present, the subapical blotch on the
fore wing of delacruzi never extends to the costa,
as it does in albipunctulata.

The male genitalia of delacruzi can be recogn-
ised by the shape of the valvae and shape of the
anellar complex (Fig. 99).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Colombia: Meta: East
Colombia, Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 10, 1 ?
(Fass!). Ecuador: Environs de Loja, 10° [holo-
type of delacruzi] 1890. Peru: Puno: La Oroya,
Rio Inambari, 940 m, 20’, wet season, xii.05
(Ockenden); Tinguri, Carabaya, 1000 m, 40’,
19, dry season, viii.1904 (Ockenden); 10,
i.1905; Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 1800 m, 19,

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

iv.02 (Ockenden); 10°, dry season, vi.02 (Ock-
enden); 19 [holotype of restricta] xii.02 (Ock-
enden); Oconeque, Carabaya, 2100 m, 20’, dry
season, vii.1904 (Ockenden).

Depository: BMNH.

Oospila albipunctulata (Prout) comb.n.
(Figs 25, 100, 160)

Racheolopha albipunctulata Prout, 1932: 54.
Holotype O', in BMNH. Type _ locality:
COLOMBIA. Label data: Type; Muzo.
Colombia 400-800 m Coll[ection] Fassl; Seitz
VIII p54 (1932); Racheolopha albipunctulata
CO type Prout; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15797 ©’. [Examined. ]

CO, Q (Fig. 25). Fore wing length 7-9 mm.
Antenna of female unknown. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings cream, irrorated with brown,
and with inconspicuous dark brown perimeters.
Fore wing: costa pale brown; blotch at apex
extending to costa and connected to blotch at
tornus by narrow band along termen; blotch at
tornus small; discal spot absent. Hind wing:
blotch at apex extending half length of termen,
connected to blotch at tornus by narrow band
along termen; blotch at anal margin absent;
discal spot small, white. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface cream, with
pink and brown flecks; male lacking brushes of
long hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of A2 and
A3 of male; sternum A8 of male emarginated
posteriorly.

GENITALIA ©’ (Fig. 100). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus extended,
with pointed apex; additional large digitate pro-
cess with denticulate apex also present. Anellar
complex: not completely surrounding aedeagus.
Vinculum: ventral plate emarginated. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus: vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 160). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae short,
narrow, antrum large; corpus bursae large;
signum elongated. Anterior apophyses very
short.

DIAGNOsIs. The wing markings of albipunctu-
lata are similar to those of astigma, delacruzi,

27

leucostigma and miccularia, and intraspecific
variation within these species is such that exami-
nation of the genitalia is desirable to confirm
identification. Oospila albipunctulata bears a
small white discal spot on the hind wing, while in
astigma the discal spot is lacking and in mic-
cularia the spot is lacking or small and reddish.
The markings of albipunctulata are also paler
than those of miccularia. The greater extent of
the cream markings in albipunctulata distin-
guishes it from delacruzi (compare Figs 24 and
25). Oospila albipunctulata can be distinguished
from /eucostigma by the extent of the apical
blotch of the fore wing (compare Figs 23 and 25).

The male genitalia of albipunctulata can be
recognised by shape of the valvae and the
arrangement of small spines towards the apex of
the valvae (Fig. 100).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Heredia:
Estacion Magasasay, Parque Nacional Braulio
Carrillo, 200 m, 1 CO’, spring 1991 (Fernandez).
Panama: Chiriqui: 30° [paratypes]. Columbia:
Boyaca: Muzo, 400-800 m, 10 [holotype]
(Fassl); 40° [paratypes]; 10°, 12. Meta: Upper
Rio Negro, 800 m, 10" (Fass/). Peru: Puno: Rio
Huacamayo, Carabaya, 940 m, 10", vi.04 (Ock-
enden).
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila rufilimes (Warren) comb.n.
(Figs 26, 101, 161)

Racheolopha rufilimes Warren, 1905: 319; Prout,
1912: 129; 1932: 53. Holotype 2, in BMNH.
Type locality: ECUADOR. label data: Type;
R[iver] Cayapas, N{orth] W[est] Ecuador (FI.
& Mik.); Rothschild Bequest B{ritish]
M{[useum] 1939-1; Racheolopha rufilimes type
Warr[en]; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15788 9 [Examined. ]

Racheolopha extensata Warren, 1906: 423. Holo-
type O', in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. French Guiana, Maroni R[iver],
S[ain]t Jean, vii. 1904; Schaus Coll[ection];
Type No. 9193 U.S.N.M. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Auophyllodes extensata (Warren); Prout, 1912:
IG 1932453.

Oo, 2 (Fig. 26). Fore wing length 7-8 mm.
Antenna of female simple. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings reddish brown. Fore wing: costa
pale brown; blotch at apex long, narrow, con-

28

nected to blotch at tornus by band along termen;
discal spot small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at
apex long, narrow, connected to blotch at tornus
by band along termen; blotch at tornus extending
along 1/3 of costal and anal margins; discal spot
small, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface reddish brown; male
lacking brushes of long hair-scales on sternum
A2; elliptical sclerite absent from intersegmental
membrane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8
strongly sclerotized in male, with bifurcate poste-
rior extension.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 101). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: apex cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus
extended into robust, strongly sclerotized, api-
cally serrated, process. Anellar complex: not
surrounding aedeagus completely; highly distinc-
tive with pair of long processes on each side.
Coremata absent. Vinculum: ventral plate
weakly emarginated. Aedeagus short, squat;
vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 161). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae wide,
with apical part not strongly sclerotized nor stri-
ated, antrum absent; ductus more strongly scle-
rotized towards corpus bursae; corpus bursae
large; signum very small, reduced to single tooth.
Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Usually Oospila rufilimes can be
distinguished easily from arpata by wing mark-
ings (compare Figs 26 and 27). In those speci-
mens in which arpata has a small subapical
blotch, this never extends to the costa as is the
case with rufilimes. Females of these species may
be distinguished further by the absence of anten-
nal pectinations in rufilimes. O. rufilimes lacks
the distinctive triangular, subapical blotch occur-
ring on the fore wing of fimbripedata (compare
Pl. 1: 7, Figs 26 and 28). The male genitalia of
rufilimes can be recognised by the very distinc-
tive form of the anellar complex (Fig. 101).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
French Guiana, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru and
Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 10" [holotype of extensata]
vii.1904; 8 2 (Le Moult). Guyana: Mazaruni-
Potaro: Potaro, 1 9, ii.1908 (Klages). Ecuador:
North West Ecuador, Cayapas, 19 [holotype of
rufilimes| (Fl., Mik.). BRAZIL: Amapa: Para, 2

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

CO. Amazonas: Fonte Boa, 20’, v.1906 (Klages);
Teffe, 10’, viii.1935 (Moss).
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila arpata (Schaus) comb.n.
(Figs 27, 102, 162)

Racheospila arpata Schaus, 1897: 161. Holotype
, in USNM. Type locality: BRAZIL. Label
data: Rio Janeiro; Racheospila arpata Type
Sch[au]s; Type No. 11898 U.S.N.M; Collec-
tion Wm Schaus; Genitalia Slide No. MAC
016. [Examined.]

Auophyllodes arpata (Schaus); Prout, 1912: 131.

Racheolopha arpata (Schaus); Prout, 1932: 54.

Racheolopha_ similiplaga Warren, 1900: 137,
LECTOTYPE (C, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: unknown. Label data: Type;
Racheolopha similiplaga type OC’ Warr[en];
Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15792 OC.
[Examined.] Synonymized with Racheolopha
arpata by Prout, 1932: 54.

Auophyllodes similiplaga (Warren); Prout, 1912:
HIE

Racheolopha mionophragma Prout, 1932: 53.
Holotype CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; Pérou Huambo; M. de
Mathan IV* Trim[estre] 1889; Ex Oberthiir
Collfection] Brit[ish] Mus[eum] 1927-3;
Racheolopha mionophragma © type Prout;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15790 OC.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

Racheolopha_ mionophragma_ subruta Prout,
1932: 53. Holotype CO’, in BMNH. Type local-
ity: PERU. Label data: Type; Chanchamayo
Peru; not matched in coll[ection] D[ogni]n; L.
B. Prout Coll{ection] British] M[useum]
1939-643; Seitz VIII p53; Racheolopha miono-
phragma subruta O type Prout; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15802 ©. [Examined.]
Syn.n.

Urucumia semicaudata Prout, 1933: 71 pl 8g.
Holotype: 2, in HECO. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Holotype; Esp[iritu] San[to];
t., 1910, L. B. Prout; 648; blank green label;
Urucumia (?) semicaudata Prout in Seitz VIII;
Auophylla (?) semicaudata Prout type; Type
Lep: No 2520 Progonodes semicaudata Prout
Hope Dept. Oxford. [Examined.] Syn.n.

oO, Q (Fig. 27). Fore wing length 8-9 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dark
green. Wings: dark green with brown marginal
markings; discal spots small, brown. Fore wing:
usually with a conspicuous, isolated, brown

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

blotch at angle and sometimes a small subapical
blotch; rarely, brown extending along termen
towards apex. Hind wing with conspicuous, iso-
lated, brown, apical blotch; rarely brown extend-
ing entire length of termen. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales on
male tibia. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown,
distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
cream; male lacking brushes of long hair-scales
on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from
intersegmental membrane of A2 and A3 of male;
sternum A&8 strongly sclerotized in male, with
deep medial cleft.

GENITALIA CO’ (Fig. 102). Uncus a flat bar. Socii
not large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: with subapical cleft; ampulla absent; sac-
culus extended into short, strongly sclerotized,
digitate process. Anellar complex: reduced to a
V-shaped juxta. Vinculum: ventral plate not
emarginated; with short medial projection. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus short, squat; vesica lack-
ing cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 162). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae strongly
sclerotized not striated, antrum indistinct; corpus
bursae large, elongated; signum small. Anterior
apophyses very short.

DIAGNOsIs. In arpata the brown wing markings
are usually restricted to the tornus of the fore
wing and the apex of the hind wing, a pattern
differing from that in rufilimes in which they
extend along the wing margins. Occasionally
there is a small subapical blotch in arpata, but
this never extends to the costa as do the markings
in rufilimes (compare Figs 26 and 27). Males of
arpata can be distinguished from those of rufil-
imes by the absence of a bifurcate posterior
extension of sternum A8 (compare Figs 101 and
102). Females can be distinguished by the pres-
ence of pectinations on the antennae and by the
narrower ductus bursae (compare Figs 161 and
162).

Oospila arpata can usually be distinguished
from fimbripedata by the lesser extent of the
brown markings (compare Pl. 1: 7, Figs 27 and
28) although in specimens where the markings of
arpata are more extensive, this character is unre-
liable. Males of these two species can be distin-
guished by the different shapes of sternum A8
and, in arpata, the absence of an ampulla and the
extension of the sacculus (compare Figs 102 and
103).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from

29

Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Alajuela:
Estacion Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia,
10°, 19, vii.1988 (Scoble, Brooks). Guanacaste:
4 km W. Santa Cecilia, 250 m, 19, 25.ii.1985
(Janzen, Hallwachs). Heredia: La Selva Biol.
Sta. 40 m, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 19,
iv.1987 (Chavarria). Colombia: Boyaca: Muzo,
400-800 m, 10° (Fass!). Cauca: N*"* Grenade,
Juntas, 10°, end 1897-1898 (Mathan). Meta:
Upper Rio Negro, 400-800 m, 2 CO (Fass/).
Ecuador: Pastaza: El Topo, Rio Pastaza, 1300 m,
1o° (Palmer). Canelos [Riohacha] 640 m, 1c
(Palmer). Peru: Amazonas: Huambo, 10 [holo-
type of mionophragma| IV“ Trimestre 1889
(Mathan). Junin: Chanchamayo, 10° [holotype
of mionophragma subruta]. La Merced, 610-910
m, 2 ? (Watkins). Puno: La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, 940 m, 20’, wet season, iii.05 (Ock-
enden). La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya,
610 m, 10°, 19, 1 ?, wet season, xi.1904 (Ock-
enden). Yahuarmayo, 370 m, 10, iv.1912.
Bolivia: Cochabamba: Charaplaya, 65°W 16°S,
1300 m, 10%, vi.01 (Simons). Brazil: Rio Grande
du Sol, 19. Parana: Castro, 890 m, 1 ? (Jones).
Rio de Janeiro: Rio Janeiro, 10 [holotype of
arpata|; Novo Friburgo, 19 [paralectotype of
similiplaga|. Sao Paulo: Alto da Serra, Santos,
800 m, 10°, 28.11.1913 (Jones); 10%, 4.iii.1913
(Jones); 10°, 5.iv.1913 (Jones). South East Bra-
zil, 10°. Sao Paulo, 1 ?. Espiritu Santo 19
[holotype of semicaudata]. Locality unknown:
10 [lectotype of similiplaga).
Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila fimbripedata (Warren) comb.n.
(Pl. 1: 7, Figs 28, 103)

Racheolopha fimbripedata Warren, 1907: 207;
Prout, 1932: 53. Holotype 0’, in BMNH. Type
locality: PERU. Label data: Type; La Oroya,
R[{io] Inambari, S[outh] Efast] Peru, 3100 ft,
wet s[eason], March 05. (G. Ockenden);
Racheospila fimbripedata type C' Warr[en];
Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15791¢°
[Examined. ]

Auophyllodes fimbripedata (Warren); Prout,
1912: 131.

CO (Pl. 1: 7, Fig. 28). Fore wing length 9-10 mm.
Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings brown. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; subapical blotch small,

30

triangular, connected to blotch at tornus by nar-
row band along termen; blotch at tornus small;
discal spot small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at
apex connected to blotch at tornus by brown line
along termen; blotch at anal margin absent;
discal spot small, brown. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; with brush of long hair-like scales
on tibia. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown,
distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
brown; sternum A2 without brushes of long
hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of A2 and
A3; sternum A&8 strongly sclerotized, deeply
emarginated posteriorly and with two posterior
extensions with slightly expanded, rounded api-
ces.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 103). Uncus not extended.
Socii small. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: apex with distinctive field of short
bristles; ampulla short, digitate, curved; sacculus
not extended. Anellar complex: V-shaped, not
completely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum:
ventral plate not emarginated, with short medial
projection. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila fimbripedata can be distin-
guished from rufilimes by the presence of a
triangular subapical blotch on the fore wings
(compare Pl. 1: 7, Figs 26 and 28). The greater
extent of the brown markings usually distin-
guishes fimbripedata from arpata (compare PI. 1:
7, Figs 27 and 28) but the character is not always
reliable. Males of these two species can be distin-
guished by the shape of sternum A8, by the
presence of an ampulla and by the absence of an
extension of the sacculus in fimbripedata (com-
pare Figs 102 and 103).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
Colombia and Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Colombia: Risaralda:
Siato, Rio Siato, Slopes of Choco, 1500 m, 10’,
ix.09. Peru: Puno: La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940
m, 1¢ [holotype] wet season, iii.05 (Ockenden);
10’, ix.05 (Ockenden).

Depository: BMNH.

Oospila zamaradaria Fletcher
(Figs 29, 104)

Oospila zamaradaria Fletcher, 1951: 103. Holo-
type oO’, in BNNH. Type locality: VENEZU-
ELA. Label data: Type; Rancho Grande
n{ea]r Maracay, Ven[ezuela] May 24 1946;

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Oospila zamaradaria Fletcher Holotype CO’;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15725C.
[Examined. ]

[Oospila zamaradensis Fletcher, 1951: figs 6,7;
pl. 1, fig. 1. Incorrect spelling. ]

CO (Fig. 29). Fore wing length 8-9 mm. Frons and
vertex black. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; markings black. Fore wing: markings
in form of a broad black band covering distal half
of wing; discal spot small, dark. Hind wing:
markings in form of a broad black band along
termen, band narrower than in fore wing; discal
spot small dark, or absent. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
black; sternum A2 without brushes of long hair-
scales; elliptical sclerite absent from interseg-
mental membrane of A2 and A3; sternum A8 not
strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 104). Uncus short, trun-
cated. Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not
reduced. Valva: costa extended as broad process
with spinose apex; ampulla absent; sacculus not
extended. Anellar complex: distinctive; com-
pletely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral
plate a narrow band; U-shaped. Aedeagus: long
and narrow; vesica with short cornutus.

GENITALIA 9. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila zamaradaria can be distin-
guished from atroviridis by the absence of a white
discal spot on the hind wings of zamaradaria. In
addition, atroviridis usually has separate blotches
at the apex and the tornus, whereas zamaradaria
has a continuous dark brown band along the
termen (compare Pl. 1: 17, Figs 29 and 59). The
darker colour and greater extent of the wing
markings distinguishes zamaradaria from camilla
(compare Pl. 1: 5, Figs 21 and 29). The male
genitalia can be recognised by the shape of the
valvae, anellar complex and aedeagus (Fig. 104).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the transi-
tional forest surrounding the Rancho Grande
field station in the Henri Pittier National Park in
northern Venezuela.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Venezuela: Aragua: Ran-
cho Grande, near Maracay: 10’ [holotype]
24.v.1946; 10° [paratype] 16.vii.1946; 20°
[paratypes]; 10", vi.1991 (Cook).

Depository: BMNH.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN
The miccularia group

The miccularia group is a monophyletic group of
three species defined by the presence of a field of
large spines towards the apex of the dorsal
(outer) surface of the male valva. As with the
astigma group, vein R, of the fore wing arises
distad of the origin of vein M,.

Oospila miccularia (Guenée) comb.n.
(Figs 30, 105, 163)

Racheospila miccularia Guenée, 1857: 374. Holo-
type O', in BMNH. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: Ex Musaeo Ach. Gue-
née; Typicum Specimen; Racheospila mic-
cularia Guenée sp G. no 599: specimen
typicum; 3242 [fig.]; Ex Oberthiir Collection]
Brit[ish] Mus[eum] 1927-3; Geometridae geni-
talia slide No. 15795C’. [Examined. ]

Racheolopha_ miccularia (Guenée);
1900: 137; Prout, 1912: 129; 1932: 54.

Racheolopha imula Dognin, 1911a: 23. LECTO-
TYPE CO, here designated, in USNM. Type
locality: FRENCH GUIANA. Label data:
Saint-Jean du Maroni, French Guiana (Le
Moult). [Examined.] Synonymized with
Racheolopha miccularia by Prout, 1932: 54.

Phorodesma_ sarptaria Moschler, 1881: 402.
Holotype oC’, depository unknown. Type local-
ity: SURINAM. Label data: Surinam: Para-
maribo. [Not examined.] Syn.n.

Comibaena sarptaria (Moschler); Dognin, 1892:
186.

Auophylla sarptaria (Moschler); Warren, 1900:
182.

Auophyllodes sarptaria (Moschler); Prout, 1912:
i131:

Racheolopha sarptaria (Moschler); Prout, 1932:
54.

Oo, 2 (Fig. 30). Fore wing length 6-9 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; cream irrorated with brown, with dark
brown perimeters. Fore wing: costa pale brown;
blotch at apex large, extending along costa, con-
nected to blotch at tornus by narrow or broad
band along termen; discal spot absent. Hind
wing: blotch at apex long, narrow, connected to
blotch at tornus by band along termen; blotch at
anal margin absent; discal spot small, reddish
brown, or absent. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface pink; elliptical

Warren,

31

sclerite absent from intersegmental membrane of
A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 emarginated
posteriorly in male.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 105). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: deeply cleft; dorsal division narrowing
strongly towards base and bearing large spines at
apex; ampulla absent; sacculus extended into
short process with serrated edge. Anellar com-
plex: completely surrounding aedeagus; with
large, medial, truncated projection and two
pointed lateral processes. Vinculum: ventral
plate V-shaped, with medial projection. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus: short; vesica lacking
cornutus.

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 163). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae narrow,
weakly sclerotized and not striated, antrum
absent; corpus bursae large; signum very large.
Anterior apophyses very short.

DIAGNOSIS. The wing markings of miccularia
are darker than in albipunctulata, and in mic-
cularia the discal spot on the hind wing is small
and red, not white as in a/bipunctulata. The pale
brown colour of the blotches and the absence of a
discal spot on the fore wings distinguishes mic-
cularia from ecuadorata.

In miccularia the fore wing has more extensive
markings than in astigma, delacruzi and leu-
costigma. In miccularia the blotch at the apex of
the fore wing extends to the costa (compare PI. 1:
6, Figs 22, 23, 24, and 30).

The male genitalia of miccularia are very simi-
lar to those of euchlora but the shape of the valva
and the position of the spines on the valva differ.
The wing markings of these two species are
distinctive (compare Figs 30 and 31).

DISTRIBUTION. Widely distributed in tropical
South America.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Guanacaste:
Estacion Pitilla, 9 km S. Santa Cecillia, 700 m,
10, iii.1990 (Rios, Moraga, Blanco). French
Guiana: Guyane: Cayenne, 10 [holotype of mic-
cularia|; 30°; Godebert Maroni, 10° (Le Moult);
St. Jean du Maroni, 20’, 39 (Le Moult); 10’, vii.
(Le Moult); 10’, viii. (Le Moult); St. Laurent du
Maroni, 20" (Le Moult); 10’, x. (Le Moult);
Nouveau Chantier, 19 [paralectotype of imula]
ix. (Le Moult); 10 [lectotype of imula] (Le
Moult); 1c [paralectotype of imula] (Le Moult);
1? (Rodway). Guyana: East Demerara-West
Coast Berbice: Demerara River, 10’, 29, vii.97.
Mazaruni-Potaro: Potaro, 19, ii.1908 (Klages);
Kartabo, 19, 27.vii.1925. Venezuela: 20’, 1905

32

(Schaus). Colombia: Boyaca: Muzo, 400-800 m,
10 (Fassl). Meta: Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 30°
(Fassl). Ecuador: Bulim, 50 m, 19; 10%, xii.00
(FI., M.). Peru: Amazonas: Huambo, 10’, IV“
Trimestre 1889 (Mathan). Puno: Chaquimayo,
760-910 m, 30° (Watkins): 10’, viti-x.10 (Wat-
kins); La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Carabaya, 940
m, 10’, wet season, x.04 (Ockenden); 30’, wet
season, iii.05 (Ockenden); 10’, dry season, v.05
(Ockenden); 40°, wet season, xi-xii.1905 (Ock-
enden); 10°, 1? wet season, xii.05 (Ockenden);
South East Peru: Tinguri, Carabaya, 1000 m,
10°, dry season, viii.04 (Ockenden); 19 (Ock-
enden); Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 940 m, 10’,
dry season, vi.04, 10° (Ockenden). Bolivia:
Saampioni, 800 m, 10°, 19. Santa Cruz: Rio
Suruta, 400 m, 10’. Brazil: Santa Cruz de la
Sierra, 450 m, 20% (Steinbach); River Yapacani,
600 m, 60°, 19 (Steinbach). Amapa: Para, 30’
(Moss). Amazonas: Sao Paulo de Olivenga, 20
(Germain). Mato Grosso: 10’, 1886 (Germain).
Minas Geraes: Caraga, 1300 m, 19, 2+4.i.1985
(Becker). Para: Unt. Amaz. Taperinha, below
Santarem, 19, 21-31.viii.27 (Zerny). Locality
unknown: No data, 10 [holotype of miccularia].

Depositories: BMNH, CMNH, USNM,
VOBB.

Oospila euchlora (Prout) comb.n.
(Figs 31, 106)

Racheolopha euchlora Prout, 1932: 54. Holotype
oO’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRAZIL. Label
data: Type; 39, 27, Burity, 30 miles N[orth]
E[ast] of Cuyaba 2250 ft. 1-14.vii.27 Mato
Grosso C.L. Collenette; 515; On damp sand;
Joicey Bequest. Brit[ish] Mus[eum] 1934-120;
Seitz VIII p54, fig 8g; Racheolopha euchlora
CO type Prout; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15800 Co’. [Examined. ]

CO (Fig. 31). Fore wing length 8-9 mm. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; blotches absent; markings pink. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; narrow, pink band along
termen; discal spot pink. Hind wing: narrow,
pink band along termen; anterior discal spot
small, white; posterior discal spot small, pink.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests
dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder of
dorsal surface cream; sternum A2 without
brushes of long hair-scales; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of A2 and
A3; sternum A8 not strongly sclerotized, simple.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 106). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; dorsal division not narrowing
towards base, large spines on upper half; ampulla
absent; sacculus extended into short pointed pro-
cess. Anellar complex: completely surrounding
aedeagus; with medial projection and two
pointed lateral processes. Vinculum: ventral
plate V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus:
relatively short; vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA 9. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila euchlora may be distin-
guished from restricta by the colour of the band
along the termen: this is pink in euchlora and
brown in restricta. In addition, restricta lacks a
second, pink discal spot on the hind wing. The
dorsal division of the valva of euchlora does not
narrow towards the base as in miccularia, and the
spines are not confined to the apex. The wing
markings of these two species are distinct (com-
pare Figs 30 and 31).

DISTRIBUTION. The only specimen was collected
in the Mato Grosso province of Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Mato Grosso: 30
miles North East of Cuyaba, Burity, 690 m, 10°
[holotype] 1-14.vii.27 (Collenette).

Depository: BMNH.

Oospila ecuadorata (Dognin) comb.n.
(Pl. 1: 8, Figs 32, 107)

Comibaena ecuadorata Dognin, 1892: 186. LEC-
TOTYPE OC, here designated, in USNM.
Type locality: ECUADOR. Label data:
Zamora Equateur; Comibaena ecuadorata
type O' [Dognin]; [pas des Druce un] Brit[ish]
M[useum] Mar[ch] 92; dans _ sarptaria
labdomen [?]; Dognin Collection; Type No.
32756 U.S.N.M; Genitalia Slide By MAC
57760 USNM. [Examined. ]

Auophyllodes ecuadorata (Dognin); Prout, 1912:
ile

Racheolopha_ sarptaria ecuadorata (Dognin);
Prout, 1932: 54.

Racheolopha sarptaria ruboris Prout, 1932: 54.
LECTOTYPE (C,, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: COLOMBIA. Label data:
Muzo, Colombia 400-800 m Coll[ection] Fass];
Racheolopha sarptaria ruboris type CO’ Prout.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

CO (Pl. 1: 8, Fig. 32). Fore wing length 7-9 mm.
Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings orange-

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

brown with brown irrorations and reddish perim-
eters. Fore wing: costa pale brown; blotches at
apex and tornus joined by narrower band along
termen; discal spot small, red-brown. Hind wing:
band along termen, extending along distal third
of costal and anal margins; blotch at anal margin
absent; discal spot small, red-brown. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface pink; sternum A2 without brushes of long
hair-scales; elliptical sclerite absent from inter-
segmental membrane of A2 and A3; sternum A8
emarginated posteriorly.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 107). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: with subapical cleft; dorsal division with
numerous spines; ampulla absent; sacculus
extended into short, pointed process; distinctive,
long process arising from base of valva at point
where anellar complex merges. Anellar complex:
surrounding aedeagus completely, with pair of
lateral extensions. Vinculum: ventral plate
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus short,
squat; vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila ecuadorata can be distin-
guished from miccularia and albipunctulata by
the presence of reddish discal spots on both fore
and hind wings and by the greater intensity of red
irrorations on the blotches. The male genitalia of
ecuadorata can be recognised by the presence of
long processes at the base of the valvae and
spines on their dorsal divisions.

DISTRIBUTION. Distributed in Central America
and northern and central areas of South
America.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Panama: = Chiriqui:
Chiriqui, 10’. Colombia: Boyaca: Muzo, 400-800
m, 1C [lectotype of ruboris] (Fassl); 30° (Fassl);
Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 2 & [paralectotypes of
ruboris|(Fass!); Muzo, River Cantinero, 400 m,
10 (Fass!). Ecuador: Pastaza: El Topo, Rio
Pastaza, 1300 m, 10 (Palmer). Zamora-
Chinchipe: Zamora, 10% [lectotype of ecuado-
rata}; 60’ [paralectotypes of ecuadorata]. Peru:
Amazonas: Huambo, 20’, IV“ Trimestre 1889
(Mathan). Puno: Oconeque, Carabaya, 2100 m,
10’, dry season, vii.1904 (Ockenden); Carabaya:
Tinguri, 1000 m, 30’, dry season, viii.1904 (Ock-
enden); 30°, wet season, i.1905 (Ockenden);
Carabaya: Rio Huacamayo, 940 m, 30’, dry
season, vi.04 (Ockenden); La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, 940 m, 20’, dry season, ix.04 (Ock-

$3

enden); 10’, wet season, x.04 (Ockenden); 20’,
iti.0S (Ockenden); 10’, wet season, xi—xii.1905
(Ockenden); South East Peru, Santo Domingo,
1800 m, 10, xi.1904 (Ockenden). Bolivia: Salam-
pioni, 600 m, 20’, dry season, viii.01 (Simons).
La Paz: Chimate, 760 m, 10’, ix.00 (Simons);
San Ernesto, 68°W 15°S, 1000 m, 60, viii.—ix.00
(Simons). Santa Cruz: Rio Sunta, 400 m, 10’, v.
(Steinbach). Brazil: Amazonas: Upper Amazon:
Sao Paulo de Olivenga, 10”, i.1932 (Wucherpfen-
nig). Para: Unt. Amaz. Taperinha, below San-
tarem, 10°; 10’, 10.vi.27 (Zerny).
Depositories: BMNH, USNM.

The athena group

The athena group includes four species, two of
which were formerly assigned to Progonodes.
The anellar complex is reduced to just a flat
plate.

Oospila athena (Druce) comb.n.
(Pl. 1: 9, Figs 33, 108, 164)

Racheospila athena Druce, 1892: 89. Holotype,
CO in MNHU. Type locality: PANAMA. Label
data: Panama: Chiriqui (Trétsch) (mus[eum]
Stau[dinger]). [Not examined. ]

Progonodes athena (Druce); Prout, 1912: 135.

Oo, 2 (PI. 1: 9, Fig. 33). Fore wing length 17-19
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons
green, vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings: dark
green and white in about equal proportions,
strong white patch at apex of both wings; discal
spots absent. Fore wing: costa pale brown. Hind
wing: white also conspicuous basally. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface cream; sternum A2 of male without
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8
strongly sclerotized in male, deeply emarginated
posteriorly, and with two curved, posterior
extensions with serrated margins.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 108). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: costa extended into a long curved process;
ampulla absent; sacculus lobed. Anellar complex
composed of a flat V-shaped sclerite, not sur-
rounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
broad, weakly emarginated. Aedeagus short;
vesica lacking cornutus.

34

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 164). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
fairly narrow, antrum absent; weakly sclerotized
and not striated; corpus bursae large; signum
very small. Anterior apophyses very short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila athena can be distinguished
from lactecincta, nivetacta and sporadata by the
presence of large white apical patches on the
wings (compare Pl. 1: 9 and 21, Figs 33, 35, 36
and 74). The absence of large, brown discal spots
on the fore and hind wings distinguishes athena
from nivetacta (compare PI. 1: 9 and 21, Figs 33
and 74). The male genitalia of athena can be
recognised from the unusual shape of the valvae
and the anellar complex (Fig. 108). The shape of
sternum A8 in the male is also distinctive (Fig.
108).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
Panama, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador and Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Panama: 19, no other
data. Costa Rica: Cartago: Cachi, 1?; 12 (Under-
wood); Sitio, 1200 m, 39 (Schaus); 19; Tuis, 19
(Schaus); 19 (Underwood). Puntarenas: Finca
Cafrosa, Estacion Las Mellitzas Parque Nacional
Amistad, 1300 m, 19, xi.1989 (Ramirez, Mora);
35 km NE of San Vito at Las Alturas Field
Station, 1500 m, 10%, 9.vii.1992, 19, 2.vi.1992
(Sourakov), 19, 24.vi.1992 (Snyder), 20°
25,27.vi.1992 (Snyder, Andrei); Monte Verde,
19, 3.ix.1988 (Covell). Venezuela: Tachira Rio
Frio, 600 m, 10’, 2.x.1981 (Fernandez, Clavijo,
Chacon). Colombia: Boyaca: Muzo, 400-600 m,
12 (Fassl); 10° (Pratt). Ecuador: Zamora-
Chinchipe: 3 km (air) SE of Zamora, ca. 1200 m,
10%, 1-3.vi.1986 (McKamay). Zamora: E. Cum-
baratza, 800-900 m, 19, 21.xi.1970 (Pena).
Morona-Santiago: Sevilla Don Bosco, 1070 m,
70, 8-11.v.1986 (McKamay). Peru: Cajamarca:
Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, 10’ (Boettger);
North Peru: River Tabaconas, 1800 m, 1?, 1912
(Pratt, Pratt). Junin: Chanchamayo, 10’, 1898
(Schuncke); Central Peru: La Merced, 910-1400
m, 19, xi-xii.19 (Watkins). Loreto: North Peru:
Rentema Falls, Upper Maranon, 300 m, 19
(Pratt, Pratt). Pasco: Oxapampa, 2000 m, 19.
Puno: Carabayo: La Union, Rio Huacamayo,
610 m, 30°, 19, 1?, wet season, xi—xii.1904
(Ockenden). Cuzco: Cuzco, 80’, 19, i,ii,iii.1952
(Waylkowski, Waylsowski).

Depositories: _AMNH,
UCVM.

BMNH, _ INBio,

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Oospila holochroa (Prout) comb.n.
(Figs 34, 109)

Progonodes holochroa Prout, 1912: 417. Holo-
type CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: PANAMA.
Label data: Type; Chiriqui S.K.B; L.B. Prout
Coll{ection] British] M[useum] 1939-643;
Progonodes holochroa Prout N.Z. p.417 0
type; [?]; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15768 CO’. [Examined.]

Progonodes stagonata holochroa Prout, 1933: 60.

Racheospila delicatescens Dyar, 1914: 229. Holo-
type 2, in USNM. Type locality: PANAMA.
Label data: Panama: Panama Canal Zone,
Porto Bello, iii.1911 (Busck); Type No. 16056
U.S.N.M. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila delicatescens (Dyar); Prout, 1932: 56.

CO (Fig. 34). Fore wing length 15 mm. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; blotches absent; markings pale
brown. Fore wing: costa pale brown; termen with
beige fringe and brown line proximal of fringe
interrupted by small white dots where veins meet
termen; discal spot small, brown. Hind wing: as
fore wing but anterior discal spot large, white
and posterior discal spot small, indistinct and
white. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of
long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface cream; sternum A2 without
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3; sternum A8& strongly
sclerotized with deep medial division, extended
into two processes posteriorly.

GENITALIA ©’ (Fig. 109). Uncus with two short
apical processes. Socii large. Gnathos: not fused,
not reduced. Valva: ampulla absent; sacculus a
blunt short lobe; rest of valva narrow. Anellar
complex: a flat plate, not completely surrounding
aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate broad, emar-
ginated with medial projection. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus: vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila holochroa can be distin-
guished from Jacteguttata by the presence of two
white discal spots on the hind wings and by the
absence of a proximal pair of spurs on the hind
tibia. The presence of a brown discal spot on the
fore wings distinguishes Oospila holochroa from
immaculata (compare Figs 34 and 61). The male
genitalia of holochroa can be recognised by the

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

unusual shape of the uncus and the valvae (Fig.
109).

DISTRIBUTION. Only a single specimen was
examined, from Chiriqui in Panama.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Panama: Chiriqui: 10
[holotype]
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila lactecincta (Warren)
(Figs 35, 110, 165)

Racheolopha lactecincta Warren, 1909: 85. LEC-
TOTYPE QC, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: BRAZIL. Label data: Fonte
Boa, Upp[er] Amazon, July 1907 (S.M.
Klages); Racheolopha lactecincta type O’ War-
r[en]; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum]
1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15732
CO’. [Examined. ]

Oospila lactecincta (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134;
1993; 59.

CO, Y (Fig. 35). Fore wing length 13-16 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
green. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface white. Wings: mainly white with dark
green markings. Fore wing: costa pale brown
proximally, green distally and along termen;
large green triangular patch, variously mottled
with white, in wing centre; blotches absent; discal
spot small, dark brown. Hind wing: as fore wing
but green triangular patch much weaker and
diffuse; discal spot in form of a white streak.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests
dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder of
dorsal surface cream; sternum A2 of male with-
out brushes of long hair-scales; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of A2 and
A3 of male; sternum A8 of male with emargin-
ated posteriorly.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 110). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: short, constricted subapically; apex
rounded, denticulate, not divided; ampulla
absent; sacculus not extended. Anellar complex:
completely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum:
ventral plate broad, V-shaped. Coremata absent.
Aedeagus: vesica with two large cornuti.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 165). Ostium: sterigma ellip-
tical, with posterior edge emarginated. Bursa
copulatrix: ductus bursae long, with large
antrum, strongly sclerotized and striated below
antrum; corpus bursae large, approximately

35

spherical; signum small. Anterior apophyses
short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila lactecincta can be distin-
guished from athena and sporadata by the posi-
tion of solid areas of white on the fore wings and
the relatively discrete triangular green patch on
the fore wing (compare PI. 1: 9, Figs 33, 35 and
36). The male genitalia of /actecincta can be
recognised by the shape of the valvae (Fig. 110).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
lowland Peru and the Amazonas region of Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Peru: Loreto: North

Peru: Rentema Falls, Upper Maranon, 300 m,

19 (Pratt, Pratt). Brazil: Amazonas: Fonte Boa,

Upper Amazon, 10’ [lectotype] vii.1907

(Klages); 19 [paralectotype] v.1906 (Klages); 19

[paralectotype] vii.1906 (Klages); 29, viii.1907.
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila sporadata (Warren)
(Figs 36, 111, 166)

Racheolopha sporadata Warren, 1906: 426.
Holotype CO’, in USNM. Type locality:
FRENCH GUIANA. French Guiana: Maroni,
S[ain]Jt Jean, iii.1904; Type No. 9199
U.S.N.M. [Examined. ]

Oospila sporadata (Warren); Prout, 1933: 59.

Progonodes curvimargo Herbulot, 1991: 110.
Holotype O’, in HERB. Type locality: Ecua-
dor. Label data: Ecuador Km 17 de la route
Limon Méndez 900 m — 12 et 13.1.1975 C.
Herbulot; Progonodes curvimargo H[e]rb[u-
]l[o]t Holotype. [Examined.] Syn.n.

oO, & (Fig. 36). Fore wing length 14-20 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
green. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface white. Wings: mottled white and green,
small patches of solid green in some areas;
blotches absent. Fore wing: costa pale brown;
green speckling concentrated to form mainly
green areas along termen and at centre of wings;
discal spot absent. Hind wing: similar to fore
wing, except costa not brown; discal spot absent.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales present on tibia of male. Abdo-
men: basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface cream; sternum A2
of male without brushes of long hair-scales; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8
strongly sclerotized in male with short bifurcate
apical extension.

GENITALIA ©’ (Fig. 111). Uncus short, pointed.

36

Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla short, robust, with trun-
cated, denticulate apex; sacculus extended into
long, strongly sclerotized, pointed process. Anel-
lar complex: completely surrounding aedeagus;
with long anterior extension. Vinculum: ventral
plate large, emarginated. Coremata absent.
Aedeagus: vesica with forked cornutus; strongly
sclerotized and denticulate at phallotreme.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 166). Ostium: weakly sclero-
tized peripherally, with shallow membranous
pocket on each side; sterigma absent. Bursa
copulatrix: ductus bursae and antrum indistinct,
narrow immediately below ostium, widening dis-
tally, strongly sclerotized and striated; bursa
copulatrix large; signum small. Anterior apophy-
ses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila sporadata can be distin-
guished from athena and lactecincta by the more
speckled appearance of the wing markings,
which lack the solid patches of green and white
found in the others (compare PI. 1: 9, Figs 33, 35
and 36). The male genitalia can be recognised by
the short, robust ampulla, the long anterior
extension of the anellar complex and the denticu-
late aedeagus (Fig. 111).

DISTRIBUTION. Distributed widely in tropical
South America.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 70°, 12 (Le Moult); 10’, x.
(Le Moult); 40°, 12 (Le Moult); 10° [holotype of
sporadata| 20°, 29; Nouveau Chantier, 10°, 19
(Le Moult). Route de VEst, 19, 12.xi.1980
(Bleuzen). Surinam: Marowijne: Aroewarwa
Creek, Maroewym valley, 10°, iv.05 (Klages):
10, v.05 (Klages). Guyana: Mazaruni-Potaro:
Omai, 10’, 1?. Bartica: Kartabo, 19, 6.vi.1920
(New York Zoological Society). Colombia: Ama-
zonas: Leticia, 10° [paratype of curvimargo]
vili.1977 (Moinier). Ecuador: Pasatza: Sarayacu,
1C¢ (Buckley). 17 km de La route Limon, 900 m,
1 [holotype of curvimargo] 12-13.1.1975 (Her-
bulot); 19 [paratype of curvimargo] (Herbulot).
Peru: Junin: River Chuchurras, River Palcazu,
320 m, 10° (Hoffmann). Puno: Yahuarmayo, 610
m, 10, iv.1912. Brazil: Amapa: Para, 10°, 19
(Moss). Amazonas: Fonte Boa, 70’, 29, vii.06
(Klages); 10°, ix.06 (Klages); 10°, 19, vii.07

(Klages); 10°, viii.06 (Klages); 10°, xi.06
(Klages).
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, HERB,
USNM.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE
The includaria group

The includaria group includes two distinctively
marked species (includaria and leucothalera) (P1.
1: 10, Figs 37, 38), formerly assigned to the genus
Auophylla. The male of leucothalera is unknown
so the male genitalia cannot be compared with
those of includaria and the monophyly of the
group requires confirmation.

Oospila includaria (Herrich-Schaffer)
comb.n.

(PI. 1: 10, Figs 37, 112, 167)

Thalera includaria Herrich-Schaffer, 1855, fig.
341; 1856: 36, 62, 82. Holotype o&’, MNHU.
Type locality: GUATEMALA. [Not exam-
ined. |

Phorodesma (?) inclusaria Guenée, 1857: 371.
[Incorrect spelling. ]

Comibaena inclusaria (Guenée); Druce, 1892:
88.

Comibaena (?) inclusaria (Guenée); Walker,
1861: 570.

Auophylla includaria (Herrich-Schaffer); War-
ren, 1897: 423424; Prout, 1912: 130; 1932: 52.

Comibaena magnifica Schaus, 1901: 252. LEC-
TOTYPE ©, here designated, in USNM.
Type locality: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo. [Exam-
ined.] Syn.n.

Auophylla magnifica (Schaus); Prout, 1912: 130;
1932: 52.

Auophylla multiplagiata Warren, 1897: 424;
Prout, 1912: 130; 1932: 52. Holotype GC’, in
BMNH. Type locality: PARAGUAY. Label
data: Paraguay Dr Bohls; Rothschild Bequest
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Auophylla multi-
plagiata type C&’ Warr[en]; Geometridae geni-
talia slide No. 15806 CO’. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Auophylla basiplaga Warren, 1907, 201; Prout,
1912, 130; 1932: 52. Holotype o’, in BMNH.
Type locality: PARAGUAY. Label data:
Type; Sapucay, Paraguay, 9.vii.02 (W. Fos-
ter); Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum]
1939-1; Oospila basiplaga type CO’ Warr[en];
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15805 OC.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

Oo, 2 (Pl. 1: 10, Fig. 37). Fore wing length 9-14
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green and cream with brown detail; cream
areas represent blotches, varying significantly in
area. Fore wing: costa brown; often brown sub-
marginal line present; green areas either much
more extensive than cream areas (e.g. as in Fig.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

37), or approximately equalling cream areas in
extent; discal spot brown. Hind wing: extent of
markings approximately as in fore wing; discal
spot absent. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface cream; sternum A2
of male without brushes of long hair-scales; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 not
strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 112). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; apex with row of denticles; ampulla
absent; sacculus extended into strongly sclero-
tized, pointed process; additional, pointed sub-
apical extension. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
with short cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 167). Ostium: with a shallow
pocket on each side; sterigma approximately
elliptical. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
wide, weakly sclerotized and not striated, antrum
absent; corpus bursae large; signum quite large.
Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOsISs. The wing markings of Oospila inclu-
daria vary considerably. Specimens where cream
markings are extensive are rather similar to those
of obeliscata. However, includaria is smaller than
obeliscata and has smaller discal spots (compare
Pl. 1: 10 and 15, Figs 37 and 53). The presence of
a white blotch at the base of the wings and the
absence of a constriction of the anterior of the
green area at the middle of the fore wing distin-
guishes includaria from leucothalera (compare PI.
1: 10, Figs 37 and 38). The male genitalia of
includaria can be recognised by the extension of
the middle part of the valva into a pointed
process (Fig. 112).

DISTRIBUTION. Material has been examined
from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and
Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Peru: Puno: Carabaya:
La Union, Rio Huacamayo, 610 m, 10’, wet
season, xii.1904 (Ockenden). Argentina: Sierra
de la Ramada, 650 m, 10% (Schreiter); Ocampo,
El Chaco, 10’, i.1906 (Venturi). Misiones: Haut
Parana, San Ignacio Missions, 40". Salta: North
Argentina: Salta, 19, ii.05 (Steinbach). Tucu-
man: 10°, 19, 1? (Steinbach); 1 0’, 19, 1918,
11.1949 (Foerster); Ciudad Tucuman, 19, iii.1903
(Monetti); Dept. Ledesma, Parque Nacional Cal-
lilegua, 2000-2500 m, 11-13 km on dirt-track/

ai

footpath, upland mesic forest, 10°, 14.ii.1991
(Johnson et al.); Parque Nacional Callilegua,
near entrance, 5.5-7.5 km W of Rt34, 1600 m,
mesic forest along river 10", 14.ii.1991 (Johnson
et al.). Jujuy: Jujuy, 170°, 99, xii.1944, iv.1948,

guari: Sapucay, 10° [holotype of basiplaga}
9.vii.02 (Foster); 19, 2.xi.03 (Foster); 10,
19.vi.03 (Foster); 19, 15.xi.03 (Foster); 19,
30.xi.04; 1% [holotype of multiplagiata] (Bohls).
Bolivia: La Paz: El Choro, Tungas de La Paz,
900 m, 10°, 7-8.i.1976 (Pena). Brazil: Brazilia,
1c (Dohrm); Rio Grande do Sul, 2c" (/Stgr/).
Bahia: Iguassu, 19. Mato Grosso: 10°, 1886
(Germain); 10’, 1886. Minas Geraes: Uberaba,
10°, 12 (Le Moult). Parana: Castro, 890 m, 10%,
12 (Jones). Sao Paulo: Sao Paulo, 700 m, 10°
[lectotype of magnifica] 12; South East Brazil:
Sao Paulo, 700 m, 19 (Jones). Santa Catarina:
Blumenau, 10’, 19, 26.iv.29 (Schade); Rio Ver-
mehlo, 19, i.1937 (Hoffmann); Jaragua do Sul,
19, xi.1934 (Hoffmann); Neuvo Teutonia, 40’,
iv.1953, 107, v.1953, 19, 15.ii.1953 (Plaumann)
(Sperry Collection). Locality unknown: Guerica
ee
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, USNM.

Oospila leucothalera (Prout) comb.n.
(Figs 38, 168)

Auophylla leucothalera Prout, 1932: 52. Holo-
type 2, in BMNH. Type locality: BRAZIL.
Label data: Bresil Caraca P. Germain 2°
Semestre 1884; Ex. Oberthiir Coll[ection] Brit-
[ish] Mus[eum] 1927-3; Auophylla leucothal-
era 2 type Prout; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15807 @. [Examined. }

Q (Fig. 38). Fore wing length 9-10 mm. Antenna
of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex brown.
Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal surface
dark green. Wings: dark green patches, and
cream with brown detail. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; termen with broken brown line; subtrian-
gular green patch at wing base, larger green area
in centre of wing sometimes separated into two
patches; discal spot a short brown line. Hind
wing: single green patch; discal spot absent. Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface cream.

GENITALIA OC’. Unknown.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 168). Ostium: sterigma

38

large, crescent-shaped, with shallow pocket on
each side. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae short,
wide, with large antrum, strongly sclerotized and
striated below antrum; corpus bursae large;
signum absent. Anterior apophyses relatively
long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila leucothalera lacks the white
blotch at the base of the wing of includaria and
the shape of the green marking at the centre of
the fore wing differs (compare PI. 1: 10, Figs 37
and 38).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from southern areas
of Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Queluz, 19
[paratype] (Germain). Minas Geraes: Caraga, 19
[holotype] 2° Semestre 1884 (Germain). Sao
Paulo: Alto de Serra, 19 [paratype] xi.1922
(Spitz); Serra do Mar, 19, iv.1927 (Wucherpfen-
nig).

Depository: BMNH.

The albicoma group

The monophyly of the albicoma group, which
includes four species, is based on the form of the
male anellar complex. The transtilla and juxta
are fused to form a sclerite completely surround-
ing and supporting the aedeagus. The anellar
complex is distinctive and lacks any processes or
extensions.

Oospila albicoma (Felder & Rogenhofer)

The species includes two subspecies with identi-
cal male genitalia, but with distinctive wing
markings. One of these, albicoma nasuta, is
confined to Trinidad.

Oospila albicoma albicoma (Felder &
Rogenhofer)

(Pl. 1: 11, Figs 39, 113, 169)

Racheospila albicoma Felder & Rogenhofer,
1875: pl 127, fig. 22. Holotype C’, in BMNH.
Type locality: AMAZONAS. Label data:
Holotype; 146; Novara CXXVII p 22,
Racheospila albicoma Amaz[onas] m[ale].
Rothschild Bequest B([ritish] M[useum]
1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15713
CO. [Abdomen incorrectly associated, see
Remark.] [Examined.]

Oospila albicoma (Felder & Rogenhofer); War-
ren, 1900: 136; Prout, 1912: 133; 1933: 57.

Oospila minorata Warren, 1909: 83. LECTO-
TYPE CO, here designated, in BMNH. Type

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

locality: BRAZIL. Label data: Type; Fonte
Boa, Upp[er] Amazonas, May 1906. (S.M.
Klages); Oospila minorata type O& Warr[en];
Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15715C. Syn-
onymized with albicoma by Prout, 1933: 57.
[Examined. ]

Oospila deliciosa Thierry-Mieg, 1916: 42. Prout,
1933: 57. LECTOTYPE C, here designated,
in MNHN. Type locality: FRENCH GUI-
ANA. Label data: Type; Guyane Francaise
St-Jean du Maroni Collection Le Moult; 1917
Collfection]. P. Thierry-Mieg Museum Paris;
Oospila deliciosa t.m. misc. ent., XXIII,
nol0-11, p[4]2, 1916. type original. [Exam-
ined.] Syn.n.

Oo, 9 (Pl. 1: 11, Fig. 39). Fore wing length 14-19
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; blotches cream heavily or lightly
irrorated with pale brown, with dark brown
perimeters. Fore wing: costa pale brown; blotch
at apex large, extending along costa, not con-
nected to blotch at tornus; blotch at tornus large,
extending to cover discal spot; discal spot small,
dark brown. Hind wing with blotches at apex and
tornus large, occasionally connected by band
along termen; blotch at anal margin small, nar-
row; discal spot small, white. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
cream; sternum A2 of male with brushes of long
hair-scales present; elliptical sclerite in interseg-
mental membrane between segment A2 and A3
of male present; sternum A8 of male emargin-
ated posteriorly.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 113). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: deeply cleft; apex of dorsal division
irregular; ampulla narrow, digitate, denticulate
towards apex; sacculus extended into short, blunt
process. Anellar complex completely surround-
ing aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate V-shaped.
Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica with long,
narrow cornutus.

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 169). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
antrum large; strongly sclerotized and striated
below antrum; corpus bursae fairly small,
approximately spherical; signum quite large.
Anterior apophyses very short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila albicoma albicoma can be

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

distinguished from most other species with cream
blotches by the large size of the blotch at the
tornus of the fore wing, which extends to cover
the discal spot. The shape of this blotch also
differs from that in depressa and longiplaga
(compare PI. 1: 11 and 20, and Figs 39, 66, 72).

Oospila albicoma albicoma is smaller than
concinna, and the male bears brushes of long
hair-scales on sternum A2 and a small elliptical
sclerite on the intersegmental membrane
between sternum A2 and A3; these are absent
from concinna. The shape of the distal end of the
valva distinguishes males; also the aedeagus of
albicoma albicoma bears a short cornutus, which
is absent from concinna (compare Figs 113 and
114). In the female, the sterigma is absent from
albicoma albicoma but present in concinna (com-
pare Figs 169 and 170).

The shape of the blotch at the apex of the fore
wing distinguishes albicoma albicoma from
lunicincta. This blotch extends along the costa in
albicoma albicoma but not in lunicincta (compare
Pl. 1: 11, Figs 39 and 67).

Oospila albicoma albicoma can be distin-
guished from albicoma nasuta by the larger size
of the blotch at the tornus of the fore wing and
also by the absence of a short digitate extension
of this blotch in albicoma albicoma (compare PI.
1: 11, Figs 39 and 40).

DISTRIBUTION. Widely distributed in tropical
South America and in Central America south of
Costa Rica.

REMARK. The holotype has an incorrectly asso-
ciated abdomen (the genitalia of this abdomen
belong to a species of Semiothisa Hitibner
(Geometridae: Ennominae).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Alajuela:
Finca San Gabriel, 2 km South West of Dos
Rios, 630 m, 10’, 8.ii.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs);
10%, 5.v.1984 (Janzen, Hallwachs); Finca Cam-
pana, 5 km North West Dos Rios, 750 m, 10’,
21.i11.1985 (Janzen, Hallwachs); Finca San Gab-
riel, 630 m, 16 km East of Quebrada Grande,
30, 19; Estacion Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km South of
Santo Cecilia, 19, i.1988 (Chacon, Espinosa);
40’, vii.1988 (Scoble, Brooks); Finca San Gab-
riel, 16 km East North East of Quebrada
Grande, 650 m, 20’, 8.ii.1983 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 20, 12.iii.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs);
19, 11.xi.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10,
5.v.1984 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10, vii.1988
(Gauld, Mitchell). Cartago: 1.1.C.A. Grounds,
600 m, 10°, 24-26.vi.1974 (Watson); Orosi, 1200
m, 29 (Fassl); Tuis, 20°; 30°. Guanacaste: Esta-
cion Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km South of Santa Cecilia,

39

30°, 19; Finca Biesnan, Colonia Refug., Los
Angeles, 11 km East of Quebrada Grande, 500
m, 107, 13.vi.1985 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 4 km
East Casetilla Rincon National Park, 750 m, 10’,
22.v.1982 (Janzen, Hallwachs). Heredia: Chila-
mate, 100 m, 30’, 19, 11.viii.1986 (Covell);
Finca La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo
Sarapiqui, 40 m, 30°, 14-15.xi.1982 (Janzen,
Hallwachs); 10°, 6-9.iii.1985 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 10°, ii.1986 (Chavarria, Chacon); 20,
ili.1986 (Chavarria); 20°, 19, vii.1986 (Chavar-
ria); 30°, 19, xi.1986 (Chavarria); 10’, iii.1987
(Chavarria); 60°, iv.1987 (Chavarria); 10,
v.1987 (Chavarria); 30°, x.1987 (Chavarria);
10, xii.1987 (Chavarria). Limon: Cerro Tortu-
guero, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 0-100 m,
30, 27.1iii.1981 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 20,
30.v.1984; Sixaola river: 10°, 12. Osa Peninsula:
Sirena, Corcovado National Park, 30,
19-27.1i1.1981 (Janzen, Hallwachs). Puntarenas:
Fila Esquinas, 35 km South of Palmar Norte,
8°45’ x 83°20’, 150 m, 30%, 7-8.i.1983 (Janzen,
Hallwachs). San Jose: Estacion Carrillo, Parque
Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 700 m, 10’, 19,
ix.1984 (Chacon); 10°, x.1984; Cario, 10°; La
Fuente, Turrialba, 10’. French Guiana: Guyane:
Mana River, 30’, v.1917; St. Jean du Maroni,
1o [lectotype of deliciosa]; 20°, 19; St. Laurent
du Maroni, 12 (Le Moult); 10’. Surinam:
Marowijne: Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym val-
ley, 10°, v.1905 (Klages). Guyana: East
Demerara-West Coast Berbice: Rio Demerara,
19. Mazaruni-Potaro: Omai, 10°; Rockstone,
Essequebo, 10’. Potaro River, 12, 1904 (Rob-
erts); Tumatumari, 10°, xii.1907 (Klages);
Potaro, 20°, 19, ii.1908 (Klages). Venezuela:
Briceno, 50". Amazonas: Parque Nacional Dida,
10’; Rio Baria, dept Rio Negro, 10°. San Carlos
de Rio Negro, 10°, 29. Bolivar: El Boninche
Reserve, Forestal Imataca, 200 m, 10’. El
Dorado, 1?; El Dorado, Santa Elena, 125 km,
1100 m, 10. Carabobo: Las Quignas, Esteban
Valley, 30°; San Esteban, 30°; Campo Bello,
Rio Zoikan, 20’. Merida: 70’. Colombia:
Boyaca: Muzo, 400-800 m, 80’ (Fassl). Cauca:
Gorgona Island, 60 m, 19, 17.x.24 (Collenette).
Meta: Buena Vista, 10; Cundinamarca, La
Mesa, 10°; Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 20% (Fass/).
Ecuador: Napo: Garzacocha, 68 km (air) E.
Coca, c. 210 m, 10", 13-17.ii1.1986 (McKamey);
Finca San Jorge ca. 10 km (air) E. Coca on Rio
Napo, 10°, 7-10.iii.1986 (McKamey). Zamora:
E. Cumbaratza, 800-900 m, 10’, 21.xi.1970
(Pena). Peru: Cajamarca: Charape River, Taba-
conas, 20°. Junin: Utcuyacu, 10°. Loreto: Rio
Ampiyacu, Putomayo, 10°. Madre de Dios: Tam-
bopata Reserve, 30 km South West of Puerto

40

Maldonado, 10’, 16—22.x.1983 (Covell). Puno:
Yahuarmayo, 370 m, 10, iv.1912; La Union,
Rio Huacamayo, 610 m, 20’, wet season, xi.1904
(Ockenden); 10°, wet season, xii.1904 (Ock-
enden); 20, xi-xii.1904 (Ockenden); Rio Huaca-
mayo, 940 m, 30’, dry season, vi.04 (Ockenden);
Oconeque, 30°; Quinton, 30°; Santo Domingo,
1800 m, 19, wet season, iii.02 (Ockenden); 20’,
xi.1904 (Ockenden); 19; Tinguri, 1000 m, dry
season, 30°, 29, viii.1904 (Ockenden); La
Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940 m, 5c’, dry season,
ix.1904 (Ockenden); 50°, 19, wet season, iii.05,
50°, 12 (Ockenden); 30’, ix.05 (Ockenden); 40,
wet season, xi-xii.1905 (Ockenden); 20°, wet
season, xii.05 (Ockenden); 10°, 19, wet season,
1.1906 (Ockenden). Brazil: San Joas, Solimoes,
10°. Amapa: Para, 19 (Moss). Amazonas: Fonte
Boa, 1¢¥ [lectotype of minorata] v.1906 (Klages);
40, vii.06 (Klages); 20’, ix.06 (Klages); 10,
vii.07 (Klages); Teffe, 10’, viii.1935 (Moss); 30’;
Sao Paulo de Olivenca, 2 CO; 19, i.1932
(Wucherpfennig); Rio Purus, 10, xii.1921
(Klages). Rondonia: Calama, River Madeira,
below River Machados, 10’, viii-x.07 (Hoff-
mann). ‘Amazonas:’ 10° [holotype of albicoma].

Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,
CVCJ, INBio, MNHN, USNM, UCVM.

Oospila albicoma nasuta Warren stat.n.
(Figs 40, 113)

Oospila nasuta Warren, 1909: 83; Prout, 1912:
134; 1933: 58. LECTOTYPE (, here desig-
nated, in BMNH. Type locality: TRINIDAD.
Label data: Type; Caparo, Trinidad, Dec[em-
ber] 1905. (S. M. Klages); Rothschild Bequest
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Oospila nasuta
type & Warr[en]; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15718 Cc’. [Examined. ]

CO (Fig. 40). Fore wing length 12 mm. As for a.
albicoma but: fore wing: blotch at tornus quite
large, but not extending as far as discal cell, with
short digitate extension; discal spot absent. Hind
wing: blotch at apex large; blotch at tornus
smaller; blotch at anal margin narrow; discal spot
small, white.

GENITALIA O' (Fig. 113). As for albicoma albi-
coma.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila albicoma nasuta can be dis-
tinguished from other species with cream
blotches by the form of the blotch at the tornus of
the fore wing: albicoma nasuta has a short,

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

digitate extension of this blotch which does not
occur in other species (Fig. 40).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Trinidad.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Trinidad: Saint George
East: Caparo, 10° [lectotype] xii.1905 (Klages);
1¢ [paralectotype].

Depository: BMNH.

Oospila concinna Warren
(Figs 41, 114, 170)

Oospila concinna Warren, 1900: 136; Prout,
1912: 133; 1933: 57. LECTOTYPE (C’, here
designated, in BMNH. Type locality: VEN-
EZUELA. Label data: Type; Merida 1630 m
97 Briceno; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1. Oospila concinna GC’ War-
t[en]; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15710
CO’. [Examined. ]

Oospila eminens Schaus, 1912a: 428. LECTO-
TYPE OC, here designated, in BMNH. Type
locality: COSTA RICA. Label data: Paratype;
Juan Vinas Costa Rica June W. Schaus;
Oospila eminens Sch[aus]; Oospila eminens
Sch[au]s (cotype); L.B. Prout Coll[ection]
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-643; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15711 ©. [Examined.]
Syn.n.

Oospila concinna eminens Schaus; Prout, 1933:
Sik

Oospila albicoma matura Prout, 1933: 57. LEC-
TOTYPE Q, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: BRAZIL. Label data: Paratype;
8.4.24 Zikan Itatiaya (Zicht); Oospila albi-
coma matura Prout 9 parat[ype]; L.B. Prout
Coll[ection] B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-643;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15712 Q.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

oO, 2 (Fig. 41). Fore wing length 19-26 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches cream variously irrorated with
pale brown (forms eminens and matura with
blotches darker), with dark brown perimeters.
Fore wing: costa pale brown; blotch at apex
large, sometimes very narrowly connected, along
termen, to blotch at tornus; blotch at tornus very
large, expanding towards centre of wing, extend-
ing to include discal spot, abruptly constricted
towards termen (not wedge-shaped as in
depressa, compare Pl. 1: 20, Figs 41 and 72);
discal spot large, brown. Hind wing: blotches at
apex and tornus entirely separate; blotch at anal
margin small, narrow; discal spot small, white.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests
dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder of
dorsal surface cream; sternum A2 of male with-
out brushes of long hair-scales; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of ster-
num A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8 emargin-
ated posteriorly in male.

GENITALIA CO’ (Fig. 114). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: deeply cleft; dorsal division rounded api-
cally; ampulla short, denticulate; sacculus
extended into long, narrow, weakly sclerotized
process. Anellar complex: completely surround-
ing aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate emargin-
ated. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica lacking
cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 170). Ostium: sterigma
approximately rectangular, emarginated posteri-
orly. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
antrum large, below antrum narrow, strongly
sclerotized and striated; signum large. Anterior
apophyses short.

DIAGNOsIS. Oospila concinna ¢an be distin-
guished from other species with cream blotches
(except albicoma albicoma) by the size and shape
of the blotch at the tornus of the fore wing.

O. concinna is larger than a. albicoma, but the
wing markings are indistinguishable. Males of
concinna can be distinguished by the absence of a
small elliptical sclerite and brushes of long hair-
scales on sternum A2. The male genitalia of
these two species are also very similar, but con-
cinna lacks a cornutus on the vesica, and the
shape of the apex of the valva is rounded in
concinna, but sculpted in albicoma albicoma
(compare Figs 113 and 114). The female genitalia
can be distinguished by the presence of a steri-
gma in concinna (compare Figs 169 and 170).

The larger size and absence of a short, digitate
extension of the blotch at the tornus of the fore
wing distinguishes concinna from albicoma
nasuta (compare Figs 40 and 41).

DISTRIBUTION. Widely distributed in Central
and South America.

REMARK. Only one syntype (designated as lec-
totype, above) of albicoma matura was located.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Guatemala: Chejel, 10’,
19. Guatemala: Guatemala City, 19 (Rod-
riguez). Izabel: Cayuga, 10°. Alta Verapaz:
Mpio. San Cristobal Verapaz, Mexabaj, 1300 m,
10%, 29.vii.1981 (Welling); Coban, 1200 m, 10’,
31.vii.1981 (Welling). Nicaragua: Zelaya: Eden,

4

14°0'N 84°26'W, 19, 28.v.1922 (Wharton
Huber). Costa Rica: Recu de Janson, 10’, 19,
iv.1924. Alajuela: Rio San Lorencito, Reserve
Forestal de San Ramon, 5 km North Col. Pal-
marena, 800 m, 10’, xi.1986 (Chacon). Cartago:
Moravia de Chirripo, 100 m, 19; Tapanti, Rio
Grande de Orosi, 1300-1400 m, 9°46’ x 83°50’,
10’, 23.i1.1985 (Janzen, Hallwachs); Moravia de
Chirripo, 1000 m, 19, 10.v.1983 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); Sitio, 19; Cachi, 19, 23.v.17; Juan
Vinas, 10° [lectotype of eminens] vi. (Schaus);
1100 m, 1¢ [paralectotype of eminens]; 760 m,
ii.1911 (Schaus); v.1911, 12 (Schaus); 1C [lecto-
type of eminens]|; 30° (Schaus); 10’, i. (Schaus);
Juan Vinas, 10’, xi; 10 [paralectotype of emin-
ens] (Schaus). Cartago: Sitio, 10°, v. Heredia: La
Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo de
Sarapiqui, 40 m, 10’, 19, iii.1986 (Chavarria);
10’, ix.1987 (Chavarria); 20’, ii.1986 (Chavarria,
Chacon); El Angel waterfall, 1350 m, 8.2 km
downhill Vara Blanca, 10°, 3.i.1981 (Janzen,
Hallwachs); 10’ , 22.iv.1984 (Janzen, Hallwachs).
Limon: Cuatro Esquinas, Parque Nacional Tor-
tuguero, 0 m, 10’, set 1989 (Solano); 19, iv.1989
(Aguillar, Solano); Cerro Tortuguero, Parque
Nacional Tortuguero, 0-100 m, 19, 30.v.1984
(Janzen, Hallwachs); 100 m, 10’, x.1989 (Sol-
ano); 100 m, 10%, iv.1989 (Aguillar, Solano);
Guapiles, 10". Puntarenas: Fila Esquinas, 35 km
South of Palmar Norte, 150 m, 8°45’ x 83°20’,
20°, 19, 7-8.i.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs). San
Jose: Estacion Carrillo, Parque Nacional Braulio
Carrillo, 700 m, 19, vii.1984 (Chacon); 10’,
x.1984 (Chacon); 19, ix.1984 (Chacon); 10,
i1.1985 (Chacon); 20’, vi.1985 (Chacon); La
Montura, Braulio Carrillo National Park, 1100
m, 30’, 17.xii.1981 (Janzen, Hallwachs); Esta-
cion Bijagual, 500 m, Reserve Biologica Carara,
10’, xi.1989 (Zuniga); Carrillo, 19; La Fuente,
Turrialba, 30°. Osa _ Peninsula: Corcovado
National Park, 10’, 13-22. iii.1980 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs). Venezuela: Hotel La Mantana, La Grita,
Tachira, 2040 m, 19. San Esteban, 30’, vi.1909
(Klages). Aragua: Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 20’,
22; 10, 22-23.vi.1984 (Covell); 10,
12.vii-16.viii.1976 (Watson); 10°, 14.vii.1975
(Pliske); Rancho Grande, 10’, 24.iv.1946 (New
York Zoological Society). Bolivar: Ptari-tepui,
10. Merida: Merida, 1630 m, 10 [lectotype of
concinna] 1897 (Briceno); 10’, iv.99 (Briceno);
4¢f [paralectotypes of concinna] (Briceno); 40’,
19 (Briceno); Merida: 7 0’, 12. Carabobo: Las
Quignas, Esteban Valley: 10%, xi-iii.10; 20’,
1914; 10% (Klages); 20’, vi.19 (Klages); 10°, 29.
Colombia: Cundinamarca: La Mesa, 1200 m,
10", v—vi.1920 (Hall); Finca San Pablo, 3km N of
Alban, 1800 m, 10 1-12.viii.1967 (Wygodzin-

42

sky, Wygodzinsky). Meta: Upper Rio Negro, 800
m, 10 (Fassl). Narino: West Colombia,
Altaquer, 500 m, 19, iii-vi.1927. Antioquia:
Mesopotamia, 1500 m, 20" 19 [no date]. Valle:
Anchicaya, Valle, 910 m, 20%, 29.vi.1981 (Sulli-
van). Ecuador: Napo: 69 km NE Baeza, 15 km
SW Reventador, near San Rafael Falls, 1400 m,
10°, 19, 29.x.1988 (Miller). Peru: Cajamarca:
River Tabaconas, North Peru, 1800 m, 30’, 19,
1912 (Pratt, Pratt); Charapo River, Tabaconas,
1200 m, 10°, 1912 (Pratt); 180 m, 10’, 1912
(Pratt, Pratt). Junin: Utcuyacu, 1500 m, 10,
xii.i.1920 (Watkins). Puno: La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, S.E Peru, 940 m, 10°, 19, dry season,
ix.1904 (Ockenden); 30°, 12, wet season, iii.05
(Ockenden); 10°, v.1905 (Ockenden); San
Gaban, 760 m, 20’, iti-iv.1913; Oconeque, 2100
m, 10°, ii.1905 (Ockenden); 10°, dry season,
vii.1904 (Ockenden); 30’, ii.1905 (Ockenden);
Santo Domingo: 1800 m, 10’, wet season, xi.01
(Ockenden); 1400 m, 10°, dry season, vi.02
(Ockenden); 1800 m, 29, dry season, vi.02 (Ock-
enden); 10°, 19, dry season, vii.02 (Ockenden);
2000 m, 19, viii.02 (Ockenden); 10’, xi.1904
(Ockenden); Tinguri, 1000 m, 10’, wet season,
i.1905 (Ockenden); Quinton, 1500 m, 20", 1905
(Ockenden). Cuzco: 10, i.1952 (Waylkowski);
Paneartambo, Coosnipata, 30°, 14,26.xi.1951,
2.xu1.1951 (Woytkowski). Bolivia: La Paz: Chulu-
mani, 2000 m, 20’, wet season, 1.i (Simons); Rio
Songo, 30"; El Choro, Yungas de La Paz, 900 m,
10°, 7-8.i1.1976 (Pena). Chuquisaca: Incahuasi,
E. Muyupampa, 1600 m, 10, 21-24.xii.1984.
Brazil: Espirito Santo: 40°, 19; 12 (Smith);
Campo Bello, Rio Zikan, 30’. Amazonas: Fonte
Boa, 19, vii.1906 (Klages); Hyntanahan, Rio
Purus, 10°, ii.1922 (Klages); 19, iv.1922
(Klages). Rio de Janeiro Zikau, Itatiaia, 19
[lectotype of albicoma matura] 8.iv.24 (Zicht).
Santa Catarina: Jaragua do Sul, 10’, ix.1932
(Hoffmann); 10’, xii.1933 (Hoffmann); 10,
xii.1934 (Hoffmann); Rio Laeiss, Blumenau,
30, xii.1933 (Hoffmann). Sao Paulo: Alto da
Serra, 800 m, 19 (Jones); 10", 3.xii.1912 (Jones);
Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo, 10’, xi.1922 (Spitz);
20°, 1.1923 (Spitz); 10°, xii.1923 (Spitz); 19,
ili.1924 (Spitz); 19, xii.1924 (Spitz); 19, 11.1928
(Spitz); Serra do Mar, 19 (Wucherpfennig);
Boraceia, 10°, 3.xi.1984 (Ebert); Salesopolis,
10’, 27.11.1944 (Pearson); Salesopolis, Boraceia,
800 m, 10°, 21-25.x.1963 (Oliveira, Wygodzin-
sky); Salesopolis, 850 m, 19, 5.x.1948 (Filho,
Pearson). Localities unknown: 10’, 19.

Depositories; AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,
INBio, USNM, UCVM.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Oospila dicraspeda Prout
(Figs 42, 115, 171)

Oospila dicraspeda Prout, 1932: 56. LECTO-
TYPE OC, here designated, in BMNH. Type
locality: BRAZIL. Label data: Type; Brésil
Prov[ince]. Mato Grosso. P. Germain 1886;
Ex. Oberthtir Coll[ection] Brit[ish] Mus[eum]
1927-3; Oospila dicraspeda OC’ Prout type;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15705C.
[Examined. ]

oO, Q (Fig. 42). Fore wing length 9-10 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches very small and marginal, cream
heavily irrorated with brown. Fore wing: costa
pale brown; subapical blotch, connected to
blotch at tornus by band along termen; blotch at
tornus; discal spot small, brown. Hind wing:
blotches at apex and tornus, connected by band
along termen; blotch at anal margin absent;
discal spot small, white. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface cream; ster-
num A2 of male without brushes of long hair-
scales; elliptical _sclerite absent from
intersegmental membrane of A2 and A3 of male;
sternum A§&8 strongly sclerotized in male with
bifurcate apical extension.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 115). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: deeply cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus
extended into large, pointed projection. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate V-shaped. Coremata absent.
Aedeagus: with two large carinae; vesica with
small cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 171). Ostium: sterigma
approximately triangular. Bursa copulatrix: duc-
tus bursae long, antrum long; strongly sclero-
tized, and striated below antrum; corpus bursae
large, approximately spherical; signum small.
Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila dicraspeda differs from
confluaria by the absence of a brown discal spot
on the hind wings (compare Figs 42 and 47).
Males can be further distinguished by the
absence of a brush of long hair-like scales on the
hind tibia and the absence of an ampulla in the
genitalia (compare Figs 115 and 120). Females
may be distinguished by the shape of the sterig-
ma (compare Figs 171 and 175). The presence of

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

small blotches at, or posterior to, the apex and
tornus of the fore and hind wings distinguish
dicraspeda from pellucida (compare Figs 42 and
68).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
Costa Rica, Trinidad, Peru and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Guanacaste:
Casa Oeste, Cerro El Hacha, 12 km South East
La Cruz, 300 m, 10’, i.1988 (Chacon); Santa
Rosa National Park, 19, 2-11.iii.1980 (Janzen,
Hallwachs); 10°, 9-11.v.1980 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 10°, 8-10.vi.1980 (Janzen, Hallwachs);
20°, 1-15.i.1982 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 19,
10-20.iii.1982 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 20°, 19,
xii.1982 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 300 m, 40’, 69,
i.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10, 30.vi.1983 (Jan-
zen, Hallwachs); 10’, i.1984 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 4 km E Casetilla, Rincon National Park,
750 m elevation, 10’, 11.iv.1983 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs). Trinidad: 19 (Buchholz). Peru: 10
(Mathan). Brazil: Mato Grosso: 10° [lectotype]
1886 (Germain); 7C [paralectotypes].
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, INBio.

Oospila ciliaria (Hiibner)
(PI. 1: 12, Figs 43, 116, 172)

[Phalaena Geometra marginaria Stoll
[1787-1790]: 156, pl. 34, fig. 8. Homonym of
marginaria Fabricius; Prout, 1912: 133.]

[Phalaena marginaria (Stoll); Verloren, 1837:
269.]

[Comibaena (?) marginaria (Stoll); Walker,
1861: 570.]

Eucrostes ciliaria Hiibner, 1823: 283. Holotype:
not traced. [Not examined. ]

Oospila ciliaria (Hiibner); Prout, 1912: 133;
1932: 56.

Phorodesma ? semialbaria Guenée, 1857: 372.
Holotype: sex and depository unknown. Type
locality: Brazil. [Not examined.] Synonymized
with Oospila ciliaria (Hiibner) by Guenée,
1857: 372.

Racheolopha pallida Warren, 1906: 426. Holo-
type O', in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. French Guiana: Maroni R{[iver],
Saint Jean, viii. 1904; Schaus coll[ection]; Type
No. 9198 U.S.N.M; Genitalia Slide By MAC
57726 USNM. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila pallida (Warren); Prout, 1912: 133.

Oospila ciliaria pallida (Warren); Prout, 1932:
56.

CO, 2 (Pl. 1: 12; Fig. 43). Fore wing length 12-15
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex red. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:

43

dorsal surface pale green. Wings: very pale green
with a slight bluish tinge; blotches absent. Fore
wing: margin of termen brick red; discal spot
minute, faint and brown. Hind wing: as fore
wing. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of
long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface cream; sternum A2 of male with
brushes of long hair-scales; sternum A3 of male
with deciduous setae (unusually for genus); ellip-
tical sclerite present on intersegmental mem-
brane between sterna A2 and A3 of male;
sternum A8 with emarginated posterior edge in
male.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 116). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; narrow; ampulla short, denticulate
at apex; sacculus extended into short, pointed
process. Anellar complex: completely surround-
ing aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate usually
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
with short cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 172). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
strongly sclerotized and striated, antrum indis-
tinct; corpus bursae medium sized, approxi-
mately spherical; signum quite large. Anterior
apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. The very pale colour of the wings
makes this species easy to distinguish from all
others in the genus.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the North
West of South America, this species has been
collected in French Guiana, Guyana and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Amazonas: Fonte
Boa, 10, vii.1906 (Klages). French Guiana:
Guyane: St. Jean du Maroni, 10° [holotype of
pallida]; 10°, vii (Le Moult); 50’, 19 (Le Moult);
20°; Mana River, 19, v.1917. Guyana:
Mazaruni-Potaro: Kartabo, Bartica District, 10°;
Omai, 20", vi.1908 (Klages); Potaro, 40’, ii.1908
(Klages); 30°, v.1908 (Klages); Potaro, 19;
Tumatumari, 10’, ii.1907 (Klages); 10° 11.1908
(Klages).
Depositories: BMNH, USNM.

The trilunaria group

The monophyly of the trilunaria group is estab-
lished on the form of the anellar complex. The
transtillae are short arms, fused posteriorly with
the anellar complex. The basal part of the anellar
complex is long, usually with a short dorsal
projection; this projection lies at right angles to

44

the plane illustrated. Two subgroups, marginata
and its relatives and atopochlora and its relatives,
occur within the trilunaria group.

Oospila trilunaria (Guenée)
(Figs 44, 117, 173)

Phorodesma trilunaria Guenée, 1857: 372. Holo-
type CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRAZIL.
Label data: B[razil]; Ex Musaeo Ach Guenée;
Typicum Specimen; Phorodesma trilunaria
guenée. Sp. G. no 594. type; 3238; Ex Ober-
thiir Coll[ection] Brit[ish] Mus[eum] 1927-3;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15756 C.
[Examined. ]

Comibaena trilunaria (Guenée); Walker, 1861:
570.

Oospila trilunaria (Guenée); Warren, 1897: 426;
Prout, 1912: 132; 1932: 56.

O, 2 (Fig. 44). Fore wing length 15-22 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons green,
vertex green dorsally, cream ventrally. Interan-
tennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark
green. Wings: ground colour dark green;
blotches cream, with dark brown perimeters and
some dark irrorations. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; subapical blotch approximately circular,
not connected to blotch at tornus; blotch at
tornus large, approximately circular; discal spot
usually prominent, brown with pale centre. Hind
wing: blotch at apex absent; blotch at tornus
approximately circular; blotch at anal margin
absent; anterior discal spot white; posterior dis-
cal spot as in fore wing. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface cream; ster-
num A2 of male with brushes of long hair-scales;
elliptical sclerite absent from intersegmental
membrane of sterna A2 and A3 in male; sternum
A8 deeply emarginated in male, with two poste-
rior extensions, serrated on facing margins.

GENITALIA C (Fig. 117). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla broad and flattish, robust,
with denticulate apex; sacculus lobed. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate weakly emarginated. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus: vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA 9 (Fig. 173). Ostium surrounded by
ring-like sterigma. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bur-
sae relatively broad and long, antrum short,
narrow, strongly sclerotized, not striated below
antrum; corpus bursae large; signum large. Ante-
rior apophyses short.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila trilunaria can be distin-
guished by the circular wing blotches and the
position of these blotches (Fig. 44). The male
genitalia of trilunaria can be recognised by the
shape of the ampulla (Fig. 117). Sternum A8 of
the male is also distinctive.

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Brazil.

REMARK. O. trilunaria is the type species of the
genus.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Friburgo, 19.
10 [holotype]. Campo Bello, Rio Zilcan, 40’,
19. Rio, 1?. Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, 19,
11.1910; Rio de Janeiro: 20°. Santa Catarina:
Nova Bremen, Rio Laeiss, 10°, 19, iti.1936
(Hoffmann); Nova Bremen, 250 m, 10’, x.37
(Hoffmann); Blumenau, 10’, 26.iv.29 (Schade);
Rio Vermehlo, 850 m, 10, iii.37 (Hoffmann);
10’, iv.37 (Hoffmann).
Depositories: BMANH, USNM.

Oospila carnelunata (Warren)
(Figs 45, 77, 118, 174)

Racheolopha carnelunata Warren, 1906: 421.
Holotype oO’, in USNM. Type locality:
FRENCH GUIANA. Label data: S[ain]t Jean,
Maroni, F[rench] Guiana; Racheolopha car-
nelunata type 0’; Type No. 9187 U.S.N.M;
Collection Wm Schaus; Genitalia Slide By
MAC 57756 USNM. [Examined. ]

Oospila carnelunata (Warren); Prout, 1932: 56.

Oo, 2 (Fig. 45, 77). Fore wing length 11-18 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: pattern varies
greatly; ground colour dark green; blotches
cream, with dark brown perimeters and irrora-
tion. Fore wing: costa pale brown; subapical
blotch connected to blotch at tornus by brown
line along termen; blotch at tornus small; discal
spot small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at apex
usually extending along 2/3 of termen, usually
darker at anterior; occasionally reduced to very
narrow band along termen, usually connected to
blotch at tornus by brown line along termen;
blotch at tornus small; blotch along anal margin
absent; anterior discal spot small, white; poste-
rior discal spot small, brown, usually very faint,
sometimes quite large and dark. Hind leg: proxi-
mal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
present on male tibia. Abdomen: basal crests
dark brown, distal crests paler; with cream area
around crests enclosed by thin pink line, remain-
der of dorsal surface green; sternum A2 with

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

brushes of long hair-scales and elliptical sclerite
at posterior present in male; sternum A8 strongly
sclerotized in male, with bifurcate posterior
extension.

GENITALIA ©’ (Fig. 118). Uncus short, blunt.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla narrow, with short, subapi-
cal process; sacculus lobed and extended into a
short pointed process. Anellar complex: com-
pletely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral
plate V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus:
cornutus with strongly developed carina and
large apical cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 174). Ostium: sterigma with
two short, stubby, posteriorly directed pockets.
Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae short, weakly
sclerotized, not striated, antrum short; corpus
bursae large; signum quite large. Anterior apo-
physes absent.

DIAGNOsIS. This species can usually be distin-
guished from marginata, obsolescens and tricam-
erata by the extension of the hind wing apical
blotch in carnelunata (compare PI. 1: 16, Figs 45,
54, 55 and 56). However, in some specimens of
carnelunata, this blotch is reduced and the geni-
talia are the only reliable guide. The male genita-
lia of carnelunata can be recognised by the shape
of the ampulla (compare Figs 118, 126, 127 and
128). The female genitalia can be recognised by
the distinctive arrangement of pockets surround-
ing the ostium and by the absence of anterior
apophyses (compare Figs 174, 181, 182 and 183).
Oospila carnelunata can be distinguished from
confluaria by the paler colour of its markings
(compare Figs 45 and 47).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
French Guiana, Surinam, Venezuela, Peru,
Bolivia and Brazil.

REMARK. A specimen of carnelunata in the
BMNH collection was labelled by Prout as the
type of Oospila vetita, but the name was never
published.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:

St. Jean du Maroni, 10° [holotype]. Surinam:

Geldersland, Surinam River, 19. Venezuela: 19.

Peru: Loreto: Lago Yarina-Cocha, Loreto, 10’.

Bolivia: Rio Songo, 750 m, 10’. Brazil: Amazo-

nas: Fonte Boa, 10, ix.06 (Klages).
Depositories: BMNH, USNM.

45

Oospila altonaria Jones
(Figs 46, 119)

Oospila altonaria Jones, 1921: 349; Prout, 1932:
56. Holotype ©’, in BMNH. Type locality:
BRAZIL. Label data: Type; Alto da Serra
Santos 800 m. 10 Mar[ch] 1913 E.D. Jones;
Oospila altonaria Type CG D. Jones; E.D.
Jones Coll{ection] Brit[ish] | Mus[eum]
1919-295; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15706 &’. [Examined. ]

CO (Fig. 46). Fore wing length 14-16 mm. Frons
and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings: dark
green; blotches absent; margin of termen and
tornus red-brown with white fringe. Fore wing:
costa pale brown; prominent, brown discal spot
with pale centre. Hind wing: as in fore wing, but
also with small, white anterior discal spot. Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler, cream area around
crests enclosed by pink line, remainder of dorsal
surface green; lacking brushes of long hair-scales
on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
of male; sternum A8&8 strongly sclerotized, with
bifurcate apical extension.

GENITALIA O (Fig. 119). Uncus short, blunt.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; costal margin bearing a pointed
projection at base; ampulla short, robust, with
denticulate apex; sacculus extended into short,
pointed process. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum with V-shaped
ventral plate, with medial extension. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus: vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA ?. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. O. altonaria can be distinguished
from other species by the combination of the
presence of large, brown discal spots on the fore
wing and the hind wing and absence of other
conspicuous markings (Fig. 46). The male genita-
lia of altonaria can be recognised by the pointed
extension of the base of the costal edge of the
valva and by the shape of the ampulla (Fig. 119).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the Sao Paulo
province of Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Sao Paulo: Alto
da Serra, Santos, 800 m, 10 [holotype]
10.iii.1913 (Jones); 20°, xi.1922 (Spitz); 10,
31.viii.24 (Spitz); Baracca, 10°, 4.x.1948 (Pear-
son).

46
Depository: AMNH, BMNH.

Oospila confluaria (Warren)
(Figs 47, 120, 175)

Racheolopha_ confluaria Warren, 1906: 422.
Holotype oO’, in USNM. Type locality;
FRENCH GUIANA. Label data: French Gui-
ana: Maroni R[iver], Saint Jean, ii1.1904;
Schaus Coll[ection]; Type No. 9189 U.S.N.M.;
Genitalia slide by MAC No. 57720. [Exam-
ined. ]

Oospila confluaria (Warren); Prout, 1932: 56.

Oospila mesocraspeda Prout, 1912: 134. Holo-
type 2, in BMNH. Type locality: PANAMA.
Label data: Type; La Choerra. Panama. 1 IV
to 15 V 98. C.H. Dolby-Tylor 98-146; Oospila
mesocraspeda type Prout; Geometridae genita-
lia slide No. 9 15696. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila confluaria mesocraspeda Prout, 1932: 56.

O,, 2 (Fig. 47). Fore wing length 11-14 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches dark brown, with paler centres.
Fore wing: costa pale brown; subapical blotch
small, connected to apex and to blotch at tornus
by band along termen; blotch at tornus small;
discal spot small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at
apex narrow, connected to blotch at tornus by
band along termen, blotch at tornus small; blotch
at anal margin absent; anterior discal spot small,
white; posterior discal spot small, brown. Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales present on male tibia. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler; with
pink area around crests, remainder of dorsal
surface green or cream; sternum A2 of male with
brushes of long hair-scales present; elliptical
sclerite on intersegmental membrane of sterna
A2 and A3 present in male; sternum A8 of male
strongly sclerotized, with bifurcate posterior
extension.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 120). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla long, narrow, digitate; sac-
culus lobed and extended into short process.
Anellar complex: completely surrounding aedea-
gus. Vinculum: ventral plate V-shaped. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus: vesica with large
cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 175). Ostium: sterigma dis-
tinctive (Fig. 175). Bursa copulatrix: ductus bur-
sae with large, wide, strongly sclerotized antrum,
and striated below antrum; corpus bursae large;

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

signum small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila confluaria can be distin-
guished from sellifera by its much narrower
brown band along the termen, especially in the
hind wings (compare Figs 47 and 49). Females
can be distinguished from sellifera by the anten-
nae which are bipectinate in confluaria but not
bipectinate in sellifera.

The presence of a brown discal spot on the
hind wings distinguishes confluaria from
dicraspeda (compare Figs 42 and 47). Males can
also be distinguished by the presence of a brush
of long hair-like scales on the hind tibia of
confluaria.

The expansion of the brown markings into
blotches distinguishes confluaria from pellucida
(compare Figs 47 and 68), and the uniformly
dark colour of the markings distinguishes conflu-
aria from carnelunata (compare Figs 45 and 47).

The female genitalia of confluaria can be rec-
ognised by the distinctive shape of the sterigma
(Fig. 175).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
Costa Rica, Panama, French Guiana, Surinam,
Guyana, Colombia and Brazil.

REMARK. One of the specimens in the USNM
bears a printed label with ‘Orizaba, Mex’ and a
handwritten label with ‘S[ain]t Jean, FRENCH
GUIANA’. Since only one other species of
Oospila occurs in Mexico and there have been no
other records of confluaria occurring north of
Costa Rica, the validity of the Mexican record
seems doubtful.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: 10°, 29.
Guanacaste: 4 km West Santa Cecilia, 250 m,
10, 25.11.1985 (Janzen, Hallwachs). Panama: La
Chorrera, 19 [holotype of mesocraspeda]
1.iv-15.v.98 (Dolby-Tylor). Canal Zone: Barro
Colorado Island, 19. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 10’, v. (Le Moult); 60°, 19
(Le Moult); St. Jean du Maroni, 10 [holotype of
confluaria] iii.1904; 30°, 22; St. Laurent du
Maroni, 19; Maroni River, 10°. 10°, 1916
(Knudsen). Surinam: Marowijne: Aroewarwa
Creek, Maroewym Valiey, 10°, v.05 (Klages).
Guyana: Mazaruni-Potaro: Potaro, 19, ii.1908
(Klages). Colombia: Meta: Upper Rio Negro,
800 m, 19 (Fassl). Brazil: Amapa: Para, 10
(Moss).
Depositories: BMNH, INBio, USNM.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN
Oospila longipalpis (Warren)
(Figs 48, 121, 176)

Racheolopha longipalpis Warren, 1906: 425.
Holotype 2, in USNM. Type locality:
FRENCH GUIANA. Label data: French Gui-
ana: Maroni R[iver], S[ain]t Jean; Schaus Coll;
Type No. 9196 U.S.N.M. [Examined.]

Oospila longipalpis (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134;
1932: 55.

oO, @ (Fig. 48). Fore wing length 13-20 mm.
Antenna of female unknown. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green in fresh specimens, very pale in BMNH
specimen; blotches absent; markings dark
brown. Fore wing: weakly falcate; costa pale
brown; band along termen broad at tornus, nar-
rowing to apex and not extending to costa; discal
spot very small, dark brown. Hind wing: band
along termen, broadest at apex and tornus; discal
spot small, white. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales on male
tibia. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal
crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface cream;
sternum A2 of male with brushes of long hair-
scales present; elliptical sclerite on intersegmen-
tal membrane of sterna A2 and A3 in male
present; sternum A8& strongly sclerotized in male,
with bifurcate posterior extension.

GENITALIA O' (Fig. 121). Uncus very short.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla short, forked at apex; sac-
culus with very short, pointed extension. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate U-shaped with medial pro-
jection. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica with
short cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 176). Ostium: sterigma
square. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
narrow, strongly sclerotized, striated along most
of its length, antrum present; corpus bursae quite
small; signum large. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila longipalpis can be distin-
guished from sellifera by the shape of the brown
markings (compare Figs 48 and 49) and by the
absence of a brown discal spot on the hind wings.
The shape of the fore wing is also distinctive
within the genus. The absence of white speckling
within the brown markings distinguishes /ongi-
palpis from lilacina (compare Pl. 1: 13, Figs 48,
50). The male genitalia of longipalpis can be
recognised by the shape of the ampulla (Fig.
121).

47

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from two speci-
mens, both from French Guiana.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: 10’;
Guyane: St. Jean du Maroni, 19 [holotype].
Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila sellifera Warren
(Figs 49, 122, 177)

Oospila sellifera Warren, 1906: 420; Prout, 1912:
134; 1932: 55. Holotype oO’, in USNM. Type
locality: FRENCH GUIANA. Label data:
French Guiana: Maroni R[iver], S[ain]t Jean,
vii.1904; Schaus Coll[ection]; Type No. 9186
U.S.N.M. [Examined. ]

oO, 2 (Fig. 49). Fore wing length 10-13 mm.
Antenna of female simple. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings dark brown. Fore wing: costa
pale brown; subapical blotch large, merging with
blotch at tornus via broad band along termen;
blotch at tornus large, extending half length of
anal margin; discal spot small, brown. Hind
wing: blotch at apex large, merging with blotch at
tornus via broad band along termen; blotch at
tornus large, extending approximately half
length of anal margin; blotch at anal margin
small, narrow; anterior discal spot small, white;
posterior discal spot small, brown. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales on male tibia. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; white area around
crests pink at margin; pink or white spot some-
times present anterior of crests; remainder of
dorsal surface green; sternum A2 of male with
brushes of long hair-scales present; elliptical
sclerite on intersegmental membrane of sterna
A2 and A3 present in male; sternum A8 of male
strongly sclerotized, bifurcate.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 122). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla deeply forked; sacculus
extended into pointed process. Anellar complex:
completely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum:
ventral plate hardly emarginated. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus: vesica with short cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 177). Ostium: sterigma com-
plex (see Fig. 177). Bursa copulatrix: ductus
bursae long and broad, with antrum indistinct,
strongly sclerotized and striated; corpus bursae
marginally wider than ductus; signum quite
large. Anterior apophyses relatively long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila sellifera lacks the extensive

48

white scaling within the dark wing blotches found
in lilacina (compare Pl. 1: 13, Figs 49, 50). The
presence of a single discal spot on the hind wings
of sellifera, and the simple antennae of the
females also distinguish these two species.

Whereas the brown hind wing markings of
sellifera are demarcated, in violacea the brown
colour is diffuse and not demarcated (compare
Pl. 1: 14, Figs 49 and 51).

The male genitalia of sellifera can be recogn-
ised by the presence of the divided ampulla on
each valva (Fig. 122). The female genitalia can
be recognised by the shape of the sterigma (Fig.
Lip:

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru and
Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 10°, 19 (Le Mout); St. Jean
du Maroni, 10° [holotype]; 192. Guyana: 1C’.
Venezuela: Rio Baria, 140 m, 0°55’N 66°10'W,
10’, 25.xii.xi-4.1984 (Osuna, Chacon); Cerro de
la Neblina, Basecamp, 40°, 39. Amazonas: San
Carlos de Rio Negro, 125 m, 10’, 19-31.viii.1976
(Salcedo, Fernandez). Lara: Guarico, Hato
Masaguaral, 45 km South of Calabozo, 10’.
Peru: Loreto: Contamana, Rio Ucayali, 20’,
x-xil.1912. Brazil: Amapa: Para: Cachimbo,
Altitude 400 m, 19, 13/20.vii.55 (Travossos,
Olivera, Pearson). Distrito Federal: Planaltina,
15°35'S 47°42’W, 1000 m, 19, 25.ix.1985, 19.
Goias: Formosa, Goias, 800 m, 10’, 15.x.1976.
Para: Unt. Amaz. Taperinha, below Santarem,
10’, 21-31.vii.27 (Zerny).

Depositories: BMNH, USNM,
VOBB.

UCVM,

Oospila lilacina (Warren)
(Pl. 1: 13, Figs 50, 123, 178)

Racheolopha lilacina Warren, 1906: 424. Holo-
type C’, in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: French Guiana:
Maroni R[iver], S[ain]t Jean, vii. 1904; Schaus
Coll[ection]; Type No. 9195 U.S.N.M. [Exam-
ined.]

Oospila lilacina (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134;
1932: 55.

CO, 2 (Pl. 1: 13, Fig. 50). Fore wing length 14-22
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; markings purplish brown with exten-
sive white scaling. Fore wing: costa pale brown;
subapical blotch large, connected to blotch at

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

tornus by broad band along termen; blotch at
tornus large, running 2/3 distance along anal
margin (PI. 1: 19); discal spot small, brown. Hind
wing: blotch at apex large, connected to blotch at
tornus by broad band along termen; blotch at
tornus large, extending half length of anal mar-
gin; independent blotch at anal margin absent;
wing base white; anterior discal spot small,
white; posterior discal spot small, white. Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales present on male tibia. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface cream or green;
sternum A2 of male with brushes of long hair-
scales present; elliptical sclerite on intersegmen-
tal membrane of sterna A2 and A3 present in
male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized,
bifid, with each process rounded at apex.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 123). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
cleft; ampulla extending just beyond edge of
valva, apex broad and denticulate; sacculus
extended into short, pointed projection. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate almost V-shaped. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus: vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 178). Ostium: sterigma
approximately rectangular. Bursa copulatrix:
ductus bursae with short, cone-shaped antrum,
strongly sclerotized and striated below antrum;
corpus bursae approximately spherical; signum
small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila lilacina can be distin-
guished from longipalpis, sellifera and violacea
by the presence of extensive white scaling within
the brown wing markings (compare PI. 1: 13 and
14 and Figs 48-51). Oospila lilacina also has two
white discal spots on the hind wing, whereas
sellifera only has one. Oospila lilacina is larger
than violacea and has more extensive brown
areas. The female genitalia of lilacina can be
recognised by the shape of the sterigma (Fig.
178).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, French Gui-
ana, and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Guatemala: 20°, 19.
Nicaragua: Zelaya: Eden, 14°0'N 84°26'W, 10,
24.iii.1922 (Wharton-Huber), Eden, 14°0'N
84°26'W, 19, 13.x.1922 (McKenzie). Costa Rica:
30°, 49. Alajuela: Finca Campana, 5 km North
West Dos Rios, 750 m, 10’, 21.ii1.1985 (Janzen,
Hallwachs). Finca San Gabriel (16 km East
North East Quebrada Grande); 650 m, 10,

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

11.ix.1988 (Janzen, Hallwachs). Guanacaste:
Estacion Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km South of Santa
Cecilia, 1c¢°. Heredia: La Selva Biological Sta-
tion, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 10’, iv.1987
(Chavarria). Puntarenas: Fila Esquinas, 35 km
South of Palmar Norte, 150 m elevation,
8°45’ x 83°20’, 39, 7-8.i.1983 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 20" (Janzen, Hallwachs). San Jose: Esta-
cion Carrillo, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo,
700 m, 19, ix.1984 (Chacon); 10’. French Gui-
ana: Guyane: St. Jean du Maroni, 10’ [holo-
type]; 20°, ix. (Le Moult); 10°. Nouveau
Chantier, 20’ (Le Moult); 20’. Brazil: Amazo-
nas: Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, 10°, v.1922
(Klages).
Depositories:
INBio, USNM.

AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,

Oospila violacea Warren
(Pl. 1: 14, Figs 51, 124, 179)

Oospila violacea Warren, 1897: 427; Prout, 1912:
133. Holotype 2, in BMNH. Type locality:
GUYANA. Label data: Type; Rio Demerara;
Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Oospila violacea type 2 Warren; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15709 2. [Examined. ]

Oo, @ (Pl. 1: 14, Fig. 51). Fore wing length 13-15
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green in fresh specimens, but rapidly fading
to pale yellow-green. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; subapical blotch small, linked to blotch at
tornus by distinctive white line along termen;
blotch at tornus small; discal spot small, brown.
Hind wing: purplish brown on distal half to two
thirds, green on basal half to one third area;
anterior discal spot small, white; posterior discal
spot small, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface brown; ster-
num A2 in male with brushes of long hair-scales
present; elliptical sclerite present on interseg-
mental membrane between sterna A2 and A3 in
male; sternum A8 strongly sclerotized and bifid
in male.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 124). Uncus reduced. Socii
reduced. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla long, narrow, digitate, with
apex denticulate; sacculus extended into robust
process. Anellar complex: completely surround-
ing aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate V-shaped,
with short ventral projection. Coremata absent.

49
Aedeagus: vesica with short cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 179). Ostium: sterigma
large, rectangular, complex. Bursa copulatrix:
ductus bursae long, with large antrum, strongly
sclerotized and striated below antrum; corpus
bursae large; signum small. Anterior apophyses
short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila violacea lacks the extensive
white scaling in the wing blotches of /ilacina
(compare PI. 1: 13 and 14, Figs 50 and 51). The
absence of distinct blotches on the hind wings
and the more diffuse purplish brown markings
distinguish violacea from sellifera (compare PI. 1:
14, Figs 49 and 51). The female genitalia of
violacea can be recognised by the shape of the
sterigma (Fig. 179).

DISTRIBUTION. This species has been collected
in French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Peru,
Bolivia and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Laurent du Maroni, vi.1915, 10°. St. Jean du
Maroni, 80’, 79; 20°, 3 (Le Moult); 19, vi.
(Le Moult); 29, 1?, ii. (Le Moult); 10’, x. (Le
Moult); Nouveau Chantier, 10’, vii. (Le Moult);
12. Surinam: Marowijne: Aroewarwa Creek,
Maroewym valley, 192, vii.1905 (Klages).
Guyana: Mazaruni-Potaro: Essequebo River,
Moraballi Creek, 19, 28.vii.29 (Oxford Univer-
sity Expedition); Potaro River, 19 , 9-13.vii.1912
(Rendall); Tumatumari, Rio Potaro, 10’ [no
date]; Bartica District, Kartabo, 19, 28.1.1921;
Omai, 19; Rockstone, Essequebo, 19. East
Demerara-West Coast Berbice: Demerara River,
19 [holotype]; Potaro, 20’, 29, v.1908 (Klages).
Peru: 1C (Mathan). Bolivia: Cochabamba: Cha-
pare, 40°, vii.1950, iv,v.1951; tropical region,
Chapare, 400 m, 10°, 25.viii.1948 (Foerster).
Brazil: Rio Madeira, 10°. 10° (Germain). Ama-
zonas: Fonte Boa, 19, vi.06 (Klages); 19, vii.06
(Klages); 49, viii. (Klages). Mato Grosso: 50’,
1886 (Germain); 40° (Germain); Burity, 30 miles
North East of Cuyaba, 10°, 16-22.x.27 (Collen-
ette). Puno: Monte Cristo, Tapajos, 10°; Nova
Olinda, Rio Purus, 29, vi.1922 (Klages). Para:
Jacareacanga, 19, xii.1968 (Alvarenga).
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, USNM.

Oospila callicula (Druce)
(Figs 52, 125, 180)

Comibaena callicula Druce, 1892: 88. Holotype
oO’, in MNHU. Type locality; PANAMA.
Label data: Panama: Chiriqui (Trotsch). [Not
examined. |

50

Oospila callicula (Druce); Prout, 1912: 133;
1933: 58.

Oospila callicula stenobathra Prout, 1933: 58.
Holotype CO, in BMNH. Type locality:
BOLIVIA. Label data: Type; 39. 27. Mutum,
20 miles W[est] of Porto Saurez, 1500 ft,
7-14.xi.27. Bolivia C. L. Collenette; 2982;
Oospila callicula stenobathra CO type Prout; At
light; Joicey Bequest. Brit[ish] Mus[eum]
1934-120; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15692 CO’. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila callicula orchardae Prout, 1933: 58.
Holotype 9, in BMNH. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Type; Maranhao, N[orth]
E[ast] Brazil. (Miss Orchard); Rothschild
Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Oospila
callicula orchardae ? Prout type; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15693 Q. [Examined.]
Syn.n.

oO, 2 (Fig. 52). Fore wing length 15-17 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons brown,
vertex green. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green, markings cream. Fore wing: costa
pale brown; blotch at apex variable in size, never
extending to costa, not usually connected to
blotch at tornus by band along termen; blotch at
tornus quite small; blotch at wing base present in
form orchardae and absent from form steno-
bathra; discal spot large, mainly white, with
brown centre. Hind wing: blotch at apex long,
narrow, variable but usually extending along half
length of termen; blotch at tornus small; blotch
at anal margin often absent, occasionally short,
narrow; blotch at wing base usually present
(absent in from stenobathra); anterior discal spot
small, white; posterior discal spot large, white.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales on male tibia. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface cream; sternum A2 of male with
brushes of long hair-scales; elliptical sclerite on
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
present in male; sternum A8 of male strongly
sclerotized, bifid, with each process serrated at
apical margins.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 125). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla short, curved, with
rounded, denticulate apex; sacculus lobed. Anel-
lar complex: completely surrounding aedeagus.
Vinculum: ventral plate squarish. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus: vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA ° (Fig. 180). Ostium: sterigma a bar
with each end expanded into a pocket. Bursa

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

copulatrix: ductus bursae long, quite strongly
sclerotized, but not striated, antrum absent,
entry point of ductus seminalis expanded and
sclerotized; corpus bursae large; signum large.
Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila callicula can be distin-
guished from other species with cream markings
by size and shape of the discal spot in the fore
wing (Fig. 52). The genitalia of callicula (Figs 125
and 180) are indistinguishable from those of
obeliscata, but the wing markings are quite dis-
tinct (compare Figs 52 and 53). The male genita-
lia of callicula (and obeliscata) can be recognised
by the distinctive form of the ampulla (Fig. 125).
The female genitalia can be recognised by the
distinctive form of the sterigma and by the
expansion of the ductus bursae at the entry point
of the ductus seminalis (Fig. 180).

DISTRIBUTION. This species is known only from
Bolivia and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Bolivia: Santa Cruz:
Mutum, 20 miles West of Puerto Suarez, 460 m,
1¢ [holotype of callicula stenobathra| 7—-14.xi.27
(Collenette). Brazil: Gioas: Maranhao, North
East Brazil, 19 [holotype of callicula orchardae}|
(Orchard). Mato Grosso: Urucum, 15 miles
South of Corumba, 200 m, 10 [paratype of
callicula stenobathra] 26.iv.27 (Collenette); 10°
(Germain); Chapada, near Cuyaba, 40° (Smith).
Depositories: BANH, CMNH.

Oospila obeliscata (Warren)
(PL. 1: 15, Figs 53,125, 180)

Anophylla obeliscata Warren, 1906: 414. Holo-
type O’, in USNM. Type locality: GUYANA.
Label data: Guyana: Omai; Type No. 9174
U.S.N.M. [Examined. ]

Oospila obeliscata (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134;
1933: 58.

Oo, 2 (Pl. 1: 15, Fig. 53). Fore wing length 0
18-22 mm, Q 23-26 mm; female usually slightly
larger than male. Antenna of female bipectinate.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings cream, yel-
low and brown. Fore wing: costa pale brown;
broad white band along termen from just below
apex to tornus, within which run two brown
bands parallel to termen; white blotch at wing
base with brown irrorations linked to tornus by
white line along anal edge; discal spot large and
distinctive, with brown marking surrounded by
white patch. Hind wing: white band along wing
margins surrounding central green area; band

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

along termen with brown lines as in fore wing;
white area along anal margin with brown irrora-
tions; anterior discal spot large, white, often with
brown marking within; posterior discal spot simi-
lar, but larger. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales present on male
tibia. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal
crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface cream;
sternum A2 with brushes of long hair-scales
present in male; elliptical sclerite on interseg-
mental membrane of sterna A2 and A3 present
in male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized,
with bifid posterior extension, each process with
serrated apical margin.

GENITALIA CO’ (Fig. 125). As for callicula.
GENITALIA (Fig. 180). As for callicula.

DIAGNOsIS. The wing markings of obeliscata are
somewhat similar to those of includaria. How-
ever, obeliscata is larger than includaria, and
comparison of the patterns shows that the species
are quite distinct (compare PI. 1: 10 and 15, Figs
37 and 53).

The genitalia of obeliscata are indistinguish-
able from those of callicula (Figs 125, 180), but
the wing markings are quite different (compare
Figs 52 and 53).

The male genitalia of obeliscata (and callicula)
can be recognised by the distinctive form of the
ampulla (Fig. 125). The female genitalia can be
recognised by the distinctive form of the sterigma
and by the appendix at the anterior of the ductus
bursae (Fig. 180).

DISTRIBUTION. This species is more widely dis-
tributed than callicula and has been collected in
French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru,
Bolivia and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 30’, 19 (Le Moult); 19 (Le
Moult); Cayenne, 10°; St. Laurent du Maroni,
19; Pied Saut, Oyapek River, 19, ii.1908
(Klages); Roura, Camp Caiman, PK33, 19,
2.111983 (Bleuzen); Route des Compagnons, km
15, 10%, viii.1985 (Bleuzen); Sinnamary, Piste a
St. Elie, km 24, 50 m, 10’, 18.11.1991 (Snyder);
Regina, Piste de Belizon, pk 24, 10,
10-11.xi.1991 (Hermier); Piste Coralie, pk. 2,
19, 12.xi.1991 (Senecaux, Docquin); Regine Rte
de 1.Est, km 85, 175m, 19, 12.ii.1991 (Snyder).
Guyana: Mazaruni-Potaro: Potaro, 10’, ii.1908
(Klages); Omai, 10° [holotype]; Tumatumari,
Rio Potaro, 10 [no date]; 12. Venezuela: Boli-
var: El Boninche Reserve, 200 m, 19; El
Dorado, Santa Elena, 107 km, Bolivar, 520 m,
19. Peru: Cuzco: Upper Amazon, Santo Anto-

51

nio de Javary, 10°, v.1907 (Klages). Puno: La
Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 610 m, 10,
wet season, xi.1904 (Ockenden). Loreto:
Pucallpa, 10°, 9.xii.1966 (Schunke). Bolivia:
Santa Cruz: Mutum, near Puerto Suarez, 10’;
Provincia del Sara, 450 m, 10’, xi. (Steinbach).
Brazil: Hyntanahan, Rio Purus, 10’, iii.1922
(Klages). Amapa: Para, 120°, 12 (Moss). Ama-
zonas: Manicore, Rio Madeira, 20°; River
Madeira, 10° (Moss). Mato Grosso: Urucum,
near Corumba, 10°; Vila Vera, 55°30’ 12°46’,
19, x.1973 (Alvarenga); 12. Rondonia: Calama,
River Madeira, below River Machados, 10’, x.07
(Hoffmann).
Depositories:
UCVM, USNM.

AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,

marginata and its relatives

O. marginata and its relatives includes three
species with similar wing markings within the
trilunaria group. The similarity of these markings
suggests that the subgroup is monophyletic.
Within this subgroup, males of each species can
be identified from the shape of sternum A8, a
structure that can be inspected without dissecting
the specimen. Females usually require dissection
to confirm their identity.

Oospila marginata Warren
(Pl. 1: 16, Figs 54, 75, 126, 181)

Oospila marginata Warren, 1897: 427; Prout,
1912: 133. Prout, 1932: 56. Holotype @, in
BMNH. Type locality: GUYANA. Label
data: Type; Brit[ish]. Guiana; Rothschild
Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1. Oospila
marginata Type Q Warr[en]; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15030 9. [Examined. ]

Oospila rufiplaga Warren, 1904b: 505; Prout,
1912: 133. Holotype CO’, in BMNH. Type local-
ity: PERU. Label data: Type; S[anto] Dom-
ingo, Carabaya, 6000 ft, VI. 02 Dry seas[on]
(Ockenden); Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 150330". [Examined.] Syn.n

Oospila marginata sympathes Prout, 1932: 56.
Holotype Oo’, in BMNH. Type locality:
COLOMBIA. Label data: Type; Ob[erer] Rio
Negro, Ost Colombia 800 m Coll[ection] Fassl;
[?]; L.B. Prout Coll[ection] B[ritish] M[useum]
1939-643; Seitz VIII. 56; Oospila marginata
sympathes © type Prout; Geometridae genita-
lia slide No. 15029 ©". [Examined.] Syn.n.

oO, Q (Pl. 1: 16, Figs 54, 75). Fore wing length
13-16 mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons

52

and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; blotches white or
red-brown surrounded by dark brown. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; subapical blotch small,
or absent; blotch at tornus small, or absent
(subapical blotch absent in form sympathes);
discal spot large, brown. Hind wing: blotches at
apex and tornus small or absent; anterior discal
spot small, white; posterior discal spot large,
brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of
long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder
of dorsal surface green; male lacking brushes of
long hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of sterna
A2 and A3 in male; sternum A8 of male strongly
sclerotized, bifid.

GENITALIA O (Fig. 126). Uncus short, blunt.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla long, narrow, originating
near base of valva, apex denticulate; sacculus
extended into short, pointed process. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate broadly V-shaped or weakly
emarginated. Coremata absent. Aedeagus:
vesica lacking cornutus.

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 181). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae with
antrum thickened, with convoluted folds, below
antrum quite short, not strongly sclerotized or
striated; signum small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Owing to intraspecific variation in
the wing markings of carnelunata, marginata,
obsolescens and tricamerata the only reliable
diagnostic characters are those of the abdomen
and genitalia. Males of marginata can be distin-
guished by the shape of sternum A8, which can
be examined without dissecting the specimen,
and by the genitalia (compare Figs 118 and
126-128). Females of marginata can be distin-
guished from the absence of a sterigma, although
this structure is present in carnelunata, tricam-
erata and obsolescens (compare Figs 174,
181-183) the distinctive thickened and convo-
luted form of the antrum (Fig. 181) are also
characteristic of marginata.

DISTRIBUTION. Apparently confined to tropical
South America.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Laurent du Maroni, 12, 1923 (Aymes); St.
Jean du Maroni, 19. Guyana: 19 [holotype of
marginata]. Colombia: Meta: East Colombia:
Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 10 [holotype of

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

marginata sympathes] (Fassl); 40° [paratypes of
marginata sympathes| (Fassl); Buena Vista, 19.
Peru: San Gaban, 10°; 4c’ (Mathan). Loreto:
Contamana, Rio Ucayali, 10°, xi-xii.1912.
Madre de Dios: Tambopata Reserve, 30 km
South West Puerto Maldonado, 10 (Covell).
Puno: Yahuarmayo, 370 m, 10’, iv—v.1912; San
Gaban, 760 m, 10, ili.—iv.1913; La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, 940 m, 10’, ix.05 (Ockenden); 10,
wet season, x.1904 (Ockenden); Santo Domingo,
1800 m, 1C¢° [holotype of rufiplaga] dry season,
vi.02 (Ockenden); Tinguri, 1000 m, 10’, wet
season, 1.1905 (Ockenden). Bolivia: Rio Songo,
750 m, 19. Santa Cruz: East Bolivia:
Buenavista, 750 m, 10’, viii.06—-iv.07 (Steinbach);
Buenavista, 400 m, 10’, xi.1914 (Steinbach);
Provincia del Sara, 450 m, 20%, xi.1912 (Stein-
bach); 20°, xii.1912 (Steinbach); 10’, i.1913
(Steinbach); 10’, ii. (Steinbach); 10, x. (Stein-
bach); 10", xi. (Steinbach); 10", xii. (Steinbach);
River Yapacani, East Bolivia, 600 m, 20’, 11.1915
(Steinbach). Brazil: River Yapacani, 600 m, 2’.
Mato Grosso: 40’, 1886 (Germain); 10’. Amazo-
nas: Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon: 10°; 10,
viii.1906 (Klages); 59, vii.1907 (Klages); 39,
viii.1907 (Klages); Sao Paulo de Olivenga, 20’,
22; Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, 30’, v.1922
(Klages); 29, vi.1922 (Klages); Hyantanahan,
Rio Purus, 10, ii.1922 (Klages); 10°, iv.1922
(Klages); 10° (Germain).

Depositories: BANH, CMNH, CVCJ, USNM.

Oospila tricamerata Prout
(Figs 55, 127, 182)

Oospila tricamerata Prout, 1916: 171; 1932: 56.
Holotype OC’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Type; Fonte Boa, Amazonas,
May 1906 (S.M. Klages); Oospila tricamerata
CO type Prout; Rothschild Bequest B{[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15036 o’. [Examined. ]

oO, 2 (Fig. 55). Fore wing length 12-13 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches white or cream surrounded by
red brown. Fore wing: costa pale brown; subapi-
cal blotch small, or absent, not connected to
blotch at tornus by band along termen; blotch at
tornus small, or absent; discal spot small, brown.
Hind wing: blotch at apex usually small and
narrow, meeting, or continuous with, small sub-
apical blotch, not connected to blotch at tornus
by band along termen; blotch at tornus small;
blotch at anal margin absent; anterior discal spot

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

small, white; posterior discal spot small, brown.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests
dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder of
dorsal surface cream; male lacking brushes of
long hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of sterna
A2 and A3 in male; sternum A8 strongly sclero-
tized in male, with short, weakly emarginated
extension.

GENITALIA O (Fig. 127). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
cleft; ampulla broad, flat, usually with projection
close to base (absent from Costa Rican speci-
mens) and denticulate towards apex; sacculus a
very broad lobe. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
quite broad. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
with large cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 182). Sterigma approxi-
mately rectangular. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bur-
sae wide, moderately long, weakly striated,
antrum indistinct; corpus bursae quite large;
signum small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Owing to intraspecific variation in
the wing markings of carnelunata, marginata,
obsolescens and tricamerata the only reliable
diagnostic characters are those of the abdomen
and genitalia. The shape of sternum A8 distin-
guishes males of tricamerata from the other spe-
cies and can be inspected without dissecting the
specimen. The shape of the ampulla is character-
istic of the male genitalia of tricamerata (compare
Figs 118 and 126-128). The presence and shape
of the sterigma is diagnostic in the female genita-
lia (compare Figs 174 and 181-183).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
Belize, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Surinam,
Colombia, Peru and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Belize: Rio Grande, 10
(White). Toledo: Punta Gorda, 19, vii.1932
(White); 10°, ix.1932 (White); 10°, x.1932
(White); 10, ii.1932 (White); 10°, vi.1933
(White); 12 (White); 1?, vii.1933 (White); 10°,
iv.1934 (White); 10°, viii.1934 (White); 10,
v.1935 (White). Costa Rica: Guanacaste: 4 km
West Santa Cecilia, 10°. French Guiana: Guy-
ane: Godebert-Maroni, 10° [paratype] (Le
Moult); St. Jean du Maroni, 20’ (Le Moult); 20’;
St. Laurent du Maroni, 10°, 19; Mana River,
30, v.1917; Nouveau Chantier, 10° (Le Mout).
Surinam: Sipalawini District, Thibiti area, Kabo
Creek (partly swampy, primary forest on hilly
slopes circa 2 km from river); 10°. Suriname:

53

Geldersland, Surinam River, 10’. Guyana:
Bought at Georgetown, 10°. Colombia:
Magdalena Valley, 10°, v—viii.1920 (Hall). Meta:
Upper Rio Negro, East Colombia, 800 m, 10’,
19 (Fassl). Peru: 10° (Mathan). Amazonas:
Cavallo-Cocho, 10, v-—vii.1884 (Mathan).
Loreto: Rio Pacaya, Lower Ucayali, 10’, vii-
i-ix.1912; Rio Ampiyacu, Putomayo, 10’. Brazil:
Rio Topajoz, 10°. Amapa: Para, 10" (Moss);
10°. Amazonas: Codajas, Upper Amazon, 10°
[paratype] iv.1907 (Klages); Fonte Boa, 10
[holotype] v.1906 (Klages); 2 O [paratypes]
viii. 1907 (Klages); Boa Fe, 10°; Amazonas, 10°;
Above Manaos, 12 (Moss). Mato Grosso: 10°
(Germain).
Depositories:

MDHG, USNM.

BMNH, CMNH, _INBio,

Oospila obsolescens Prout stat.n.
(Figs 56, 128, 183)

[Racheolopha trilunaria Guenée ab. obsolescens
Warren, 1909: 86. Infra-subspecific name. |
Oospila rufiplaga obsolescens; Prout, 1932: 56.
Holotype ©’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Type; Fonte Boa, Amazonas,
August 1906. (S.M. Klages); Racheolopha tri-
lunaria Guen[ée] ab. obsolescens type 0” War-
t[en]; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum]
1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15035

CO’. [Examined.]

Oo, 2 (Fig. 56). Fore wing length 12-14 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches cream or red-brown, surrounded
by dark brown. Fore wing: costa pale brown;
blotch at apex absent; sometimes small subapical
blotch present, not connected to blotch at tornus
by band along termen; blotch at tornus approxi-
mately circular; discal spot large, brown. Hind
wing: blotch at apex absent; blotch at tornus
small; blotch at anal margin absent; anterior
discal spot small, white; posterior discal spot
large, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:
dorsal surface green; basal crests dark brown,
distal crests paler; all crests surrounded by a
cream area and enclosed by pink line; male
lacking brushes of long hair-scales on sternum
A2; elliptical sclerite absent from intersegmental
membrane of sterna A2 and A3; sternum A8 of
male strongly sclerotized, bifid.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 128). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:

54

with shallow cleft; ampulla short, broad, robust,
conspicuously denticulate at apex; sacculus with
very short extension. Anellar complex: com-
pletely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral
plate broad. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
without cornutus.

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 183). Ostium: sterigma
approximately elliptical. Bursa copulatrix: ductus
bursae quite long, weakly sclerotized, not stri-
ated, antrum absent. Bursa copulatrix large,
signum large. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Owing to intraspecific variation in
the wing markings of carnelunata, marginata,
obsolescens and tricamerata the only reliable
diagnostic characters are those of the abdomen
and genitalia. Males can be distinguished from
those of marginata and tricamerata by the shape
of sternum A8 (compare Figs 126-128) which can
be examined without dissecting the specimens
and from those of carnelunata, marginata, obso-
lescens and tricamerata by the genitalia, espe-
cially the shape of the ampulla (compare Figs 118
and 126-128). The presence of an elliptical steri-
gma distinguishes the female genitalia of obsole-
scens from the other species (compare Figs 174
and 181-183). Specimens of obsolescens are usu-
ally smaller than those of marginata and tricam-
erata, but the ranges of size overlap so whilst a
useful guide, this character is not diagnostic.

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
Surinam, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil.

REMARK. Originally, obsolescens was originally
used by Warren (1909), as an infra-subspecific
name. Prout (1932) described obsolescens as a
subspecies of rufiplaga.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Surinam: Sipalawini Dis-
trict, Thibiti area, Kabo Creek (partly swampy,
primary forest on hilly slopes circa 2 km from
river) 20°. Peru: Amazonas: Cavallo-Cocho,
10, v—vii.1884 (Mathan). Bolivia: Santa Cruz:
Provincia del Sara, 450 m, 10°; East Bolivia,
River Yapacani, 600 m, 10’, ii.1914 (Steinbach);
20, ii.1915 (Steinbach). Brazil: Amazonas:
Fonte Boa, 10 [holotype] viii.1906 (Klages);
10°, vii.1906 (Klages); 10, 19 viii.1906
(Klages); 19 (Klages); 19, ix.06 (Klages); 19,
vili.1907 (Klages). Amazonas: Sao Paulo de
Olivenga, 10", 1.1933 (Waehner).
Depositories: BANH, CMNH, MDHG.

atopochlora and its relatives
(atopochlora, hyalina, atroviridis, congener)

O. atopochlora and its relatives includes a sub-

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

group of four species within the ¢rilunaria group.
The wing markings of the species are very similar
(see Figs 57-60), but the monophyly of the
subgroup has not been established.

Oospila atopochlora Prout
(Figs 57, 129, 184)

Oospila atopochlora Prout, 1933: 57. Holotype
Oo’, in BMNH. Type locality: COLOMBIA.
Label data: Type; Muzo, Colombia 400-800 m
Coll[ection] Fassl; Seitz VIII 57; Oospila ato-
pochlora Prout © type; L.B. Prout Coll[ec-
tion] B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-643;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15047 Co.
[Examined. ]

O,, 2 (Fig. 57). Fore wing length 16-21 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark brown or black. Wings: ground
colour dark green; blotches dark brown or black.
Fore wing: costa pale brown; blotch at apex
large, but not extending to costa, and not con-
nected to blotch at tornus via termen; blotch at
tornus large; discal spot large, dark brown or
black. Hind wing: blotch at apex large, enclosing
smaller subapical green area on termen, not
connected to blotch at tornus via termen; blotch
at tornus large; blotch at anal margin absent;
anterior discal spot small, dark brown or black;
posterior discal spot small, white. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface dark brown or black at anterior, green
posteriorly; male lacking brushes of long hair-
scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent
from intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and
A3 of male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclero-
tized, deeply emarginated.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 129). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
ampulla relatively short, digitate, with denticu-
late apex; sacculus extended into short point.
Anellar complex: completely surrounding aedea-
gus. Vinculum: ventral plate V-shaped. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus: with two large carinae;
vesica with a small cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 184). Sterigma absent. Bursa
copulatrix: ductus bursae not differentiated from
corpus bursae, but with large antrum; not
strongly sclerotized or striated; corpus bursae
large, more strongly sclerotized than in most
Oospila, with wavy folds; signum large. Anterior
apophyses short.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila atopochlora is larger than
congener. Also, it has a small subapical green
area on the termen of the hind wing, an area that
is dark brown or black in congener (compare Figs
57 and 60). The male genitalia of the two species
are very similar, but atopochlora can be identi-
fied by the presence of two large carinae towards
the base of the aedeagus (compare Figs 129 and
132). The female genitalia of atopochlora are
distinguished from those of congener by the
absence of a sterigma (compare Figs 184 and
186).

The presence of the large blotch at the apex of
the fore wing in atopochlora distinguishes the
species from hyalina (compare Figs 57 and 58).
Furthermore, hyalina has two separate dark
brown or black markings at the apex of the hind
wing, joined by a dark brown or black band
along the termen whereas atopochlora has a
single blotch.

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guyana, Ven-
ezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil. There is
also a record of one male from San Gaban in
Peru (Prout, 1932), although the location and
identity of the specimen has not been confirmed.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Nicaragua: Zelaya:
Eden, 14°0’N 84°26’W, 10°, 24.iii.1922 (Whar-
ton, Huber); 10’, 24.iv.1922 (Wharton, Huber);
10, 17.v.1922 (Wharton, Huber). Costa Rica:
Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, Puerto
Viejo de Sarapiqui, 40 m, 10’, x.1986 (Chavar-
ria); 10°, iv.1987 (Chavarria). Limon: Cerro
Tortuguero, North edge Tortuguero National
Park, 0-100 m, 19, 30.v.1984 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 9.4 km West of Bribi, Suretka, 200 m,
10°, 9-11.vi.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10°,
iv.1989 (Aguillar, Solano). Puntarenas: Estacion
Quebrada Bonita, 50 m R.B. Carara, 10,
ix.1989 (Zuniga); 10, x.1989 (Zuniga); Fila
Esquinas, 35 km South of Palmar Norte, 8°45’ x
83°20’, 40%, 19, 7-8.1.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs);
Manuel Antonio National Park Quepos, 30 m,
10, v.1987 (Chacon); 10’, vi.1987 (Chacon);
Las Cruces Biological Station, San Vito, 1200 m,
19, 16-20.xi.1987 (Chacon). Osa Peninsula:
Sirena Corcovado National Park, 10,
10-12.viii.1980 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10°, 19,
5—11.1.1981 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10°, 1.v.1984
(Janzen, Hallwachs); Sirena Corcovado: 19,
iv.1989 (Blanco, Fonseca); 19, ii.1990 (Fon-
seca); Finca Cafrosa, Estacion Las Mellitzas,
Parque Nacional Amistad, 1300 m, 10,
20.vili4.ix.1989 (Ramirez, Mora). Panama:
Canal Zone: Barro Colorado Island, 19.

55

Guyana: Mazaruni-Potaro: Omai, 2C’. Venezu-
ela: Bolivar: Forestal Imataca, El Boninche
Reserve, Bolivar, 200 m, 10°, 6-13.xii.74.
Colombia: Boyaca: Muzo, 400-800 m, 1% [holo-
type] (Fassl); 30° [paratypes]. Meta: Buena
Vista, 20°, 19. Ecuador: Tung Banos (39 km
East) 19. Brazil: Amazonas: Sao Paulo de
Olivenga, 20°; Hyntanahan, Rio Purus, 30’,
ii.1922 (Klages); 20’, iii.1922 (Klages).

Depositories: BBMNH, CMNH,
UCVM, USNM.

INBio,

Oospila hyalina Warren
(Figs 58, 130, 185)

Oospila hyalina Warren, 1897: 427; Prout, 1912:
133; 1933: 59. Holotype 2, in BMNH. Type
locality: COLOMBIA. Label data: Type;
Bogota; Rothschild Bequest — B{ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Oospila hyalina Warr[en]
type 2; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15042
Q. [Examined.]

[Halioscia atroviridis Warren, 1907: 202. In part.
Misidentification of °.]

[Halioscia ruptimacula Warren, 1909: 77. Holo-
type OC, in BMNH. Type locality: PERU.
Label data: Type; La Union, Huacamayo,
Carabaya, 2000 ft, wet season, Dec[ember]
1904. (G. Ockenden); Halioscia ruptimacula
type & Warr[en]; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; find in Seitz vol 8; Oospila
fractimacula Prout nom. nov; ruptimacula
Warr[en] nom. praeocc; Geometridae genita-
lia slide No. 15044 o. [Examined. A junior
secondary homonym of Oospila ruptimacula
Warren, 1901: 448.]

Oospila fractimacula Prout, 1912: 134. Prout,
1932: 56. [New name for Halioscia ruptimacula
Warren, 1909 by Prout, 1912: 134.] Syn.n.

Oo, 2 (Fig. 58). Fore wing length CO’ 12-14 mm,
¢ 20 mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons
and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; blotches dark brown
or black. Fore wing: costa pale brown; blotch at
apex small, approximately rectangular, not
extending to costa, not connected to blotch at
tornus via termen; blotch at tornus larger; discal
spot large, round, dark brown or black. Hind
wing: blotch at apex divided into two small
markings with central green patch between, not
connected to blotch at tornus via termen; blotch
at tornus small; blotch at anal margin absent;
anterior discal spot small, white; posterior discal
spot large, dark brown or black. Hind leg: proxi-
mal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales

56

absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
cream; male lacking brushes of long hair-scales
on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
of male; sternum A8 strongly sclerotized in male,
with bifurcate posterior extension.

GENITALIA O' (Fig. 130). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: excavated; ampulla short, pointed; short
sclerotized process also present where valva wid-
ens; sacculus lobed. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
with short cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 185). Ostium: sterigma very
large, approximately elliptical, with posterior
edge emarginated. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bur-
sae long, antrum absent; strongly sclerotized,
and striated; corpus bursae moderately small,
sclerotized, with some striations; signum large.
Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOsIS. Oospila hyalina can be distin-
guished from atopochlora and congener by the
small, narrow subapical blotch of the fore wing,
which never extends to the costa in hyalina
(compare Figs 57, 58 and 60). Oospila hyalina
can also be distinguished by the form of the
blotch at the apex of the hind wing, which is split
into two small, completely separate, dark brown
or black patches. The male genitalia of hyalina
can be recognised by the presence of a second
short, pointed process (in addition to the
ampulla) on the valvae (Fig. 130).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Colombia,
Ecuador and Peru.

REMARK. Warren (1907: 202) misidentified one
female specimen of hyalina Warren as atroviridis
Warren.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Colombia: Cundinamar-
ca: Bogota, 19 [holotype of hyalina]; 19. Antio-
quia: El Cerro, Frontino, Dept di Antioquia,
1800 m, 10’, 17.vi.1938. Ecuador: Carchi, Chi-
cal,, O'S6'N 78°11" W, 1250 mi 1G; Sit vii. 78
(Rawlins); 19, 18.vii.1983 (Rawlins, Davidson).
Morona-Santiago: 40 km North North East
Macas, 2°05'S 78°01’W, 1020 m, 10’, 13.vi.1983
(Rawlins, Thompson). Peru: Puno: La Union,
Rio Huacamayo, 610 m, 10’ [holotype of Halios-
cia ruptimacula] wet season, xii.04 (Ockenden);
South East Peru: La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940
m, 19, wet season, iii.05 (Ockenden).
Depositories: BMANH, CMNH, USNM.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Oospila atroviridis Warren stat. rev.
(Pl. 1; 17, Figs 59, 131)

Oospila atroviridis Warren, 1904a: 24; Prout,
1912: 133. Holotype CO’, in BMNH. Type local-
ity: PERU. Label data: Type; S[anto] Dom-
ingo, Carabaya, 6000 ft, XII.01. wet seas[on]
(Ockenden); Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; Oospila atroviridis type C’
Warr[en]; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
150430". [Examined. ]

Halioscia atroviridis Warren, 1907: 202. [In part.
19 of hyalina misidentified as atroviridis. |

Oospila hyalina atroviridis Warren; Prout, 1933:
59.

Oospila dolens Druce, 1911: 293; Prout, 1933:
59. Holotype oO’, in BMNH. Type locality:
COLOMBIA. Label data: Type; La Maria
Dagua Valley W[est] Colombia, 4700 ft May
‘08; Joicey Bequest. Brit[ish] Mus[eum]
1934-120; Oospila dolens type Druce; Det[er-
mined] by L.B. Prout; Geometridae genitalia
slide No. 15726 OC’. [Examined.] Syn.n.

CO (Pl. 1: 17, Fig. 59). Fore wing length 13-14
mm. Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; blotches large, promi-
nent, dark brown or black. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; blotches merged to give broad band
along termen, sometimes broken by small green
patch or patches usually towards apex or at
termen; discal spot large, brown. Hind wing:
dark brown blotches at apex and tornus, usually
separate, but occasionally merging along termen;
anterior discal spot small, white; posterior discal
spot large, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs
absent; brush of long hair-like scales absent.
Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, distal crests
paler; remainder of dorsal surface dark brown or
black; male lacking brushes of long hair-scales on
sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from inter-
segmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3 in
male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized,
bifid.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 131). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: ampulla short, curved, with short basal
projection; sacculus developed into short,
pointed process with lobe basad of this. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate V-shaped. Aedeagus: vesica
with cornutus.

GENITALIA 9. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila atroviridis can be distin-

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

guished from atopochlora, congener and hyalina
by its smaller size and by the more extensive dark
brown markings on the wings (compare PI. 1: 17,
Figs 57-60). In atroviridis the dark brown mark-
ings on the fore wing are continuous whereas in
the other species the blotches are separate and
have green patches between them.

Most specimens can be distinguished from
zamaradaria because whereas atroviridis has two
separate dark brown blotches on the hind wings,
in zamaradaria there is a continuous dark brown
line along the termen of the hind wing (compare
Pl. 1: 17, Figs 29 and 59). The presence of an
anterior white discal spot and a posterior dark
brown or black discal spot also distinguishes
atroviridis from zamaradaria, which has a single,
or no discal spot.

The darker, blacker colour of the markings
and the presence of large, prominent, discal
spots distinguish atroviridis from camilla (com-
pare Pl. 1: 5, 17, Figs 21 and 59).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Colombia and
Peru.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Colombia: Antioquia: E]
Cerro, Frontino, 10’. Valle: La Maria, Dagua
Valley, 1400 m, 10° [holotype of dolens] v.08.
Peru: Puno: Santo Domingo Carabaya, 1800 m,
wet season, 10" [holotype of atroviridis] xii.01
(Ockenden); 10", wet season, i.02 (Ockenden);
20, wet season, iv.02 (Ockenden); 10’, dry
season, vii.02 (Ockenden); 10’, dry season, x.02
(Ockenden); 10", wet season, xi.02 (Ockenden);
10°, wet season, xii.02 (Ockenden); La Oroya,
Rio Inambari, 940 m, 10’, dry season, ix.04
(Ockenden); 10’, wet season, x.04 (Ockenden);
10°, wet season, iii.05 (Ockenden); Quinton,
1500 m, 10’, i.1905 (Ockenden).
Depository: BMNH.

Oospila congener Warren
(Figs 60, 132, 186)

Oospila congener Warren, 1900: 136; Prout,
1912: 133; 1933: 57. Holotype OC’, in BMNH.
Type locality: GUYANA. Label data: Type;
Rio Demerara. VII.97; Rothschild Bequest
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Oospila congener
type O Warr[en]; Geometridae genitalia slide
No. 15045 ©’. [Examined.]

Halioscia congener Warren, 1907: 203.

Halioscia procellosa Warren, 1907: 202. Holo-
type OC’, in BMNH. Type locality; PERU.
Label data: Type; La Oroya, R[io] Inambari,
Peru, Sept 1904 3100 ft, dry seas[on] (G.
Ockenden); Halioscia procellosa type CO’ War-

57

r[en]; Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum]
1939-1; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15046
CO’. [Examined.] Syn.n.
Oospila procellosa (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134.
Oospila congener procellosa (Warren); Prout,
1933: 57.

oO, 2 (Fig. 60). Fore wing length 12-19 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches dark brown or black. Fore wing:
with costa pale brown; blotch at apex large,
approximately circular, not extending to costa,
not connected to blotch at tornus via termen;
blotch at tornus large; discal spot large, diffuse,
dark brown or black. Hind wing: blotch at apex
large, not broken by internal green markings (as
it is in atroviridis and atopochlora); anterior
discal spot large, diffuse, dark brown or black;
posterior discal spot small, white. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface dark brown, or black; male lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of sterna A2 and A3 in male; sternum A8
strongly sclerotized in male, emarginated.

GENITALIA O' (Fig. 132). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
ampulla short, digitate; sacculus extended into
very short, pointed process. Anellar complex:
completely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum:
ventral plate squarish. Coremata absent. Aedea-
gus long, narrow, and curved; vesica with small
cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 186). Ostium: sterigma with
two apical pockets of varying size; often with
smaller central apical projection (as in Fig. 186).
Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae not strongly scle-
rotized or striated, but with folds, antrum indis-
tinct; corpus bursae slightly wider than ductus,
signum large. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila congener is smaller than
hyalina and the blotch at the apex of the fore
wings is large and approximately circular. The
blotch at the apex of the hind wing is not divided
into two smaller markings in congener as it is in
atopochlora and hyalina (compare Figs 57, 58
and 60). The separation of blotches at the apex
from those at the tornus of all wings distinguishes
congener from atroviridis, in which these
blotches are merged (compare PI. 1: 17, Figs 59
and 60). Females of congener can be recognised

58
by the distinctive form of the sterigma (Fig. 186).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
French Guiana, Guyana, Colombia, Peru,
Bolivia and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
Nouveau Chantier, 19, ii. (Le Moult); St. Lau-
rent du Maroni, 10°; Mana River, 10, v.1917.
Guyana: East Demerara-West Coast Berbice:
Demerara River, 10 [holotype of congener]
vii.97. Mazaruni-Potaro: Potaro, 19, ii.1908
(Klages). Colombia: Merida, 500 m, 10”. Meta:
East Colombia, Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 4c’
(Fassl). Peru: Puno: La Oroya, Rio Inambari,
940 m, 10° [holotype of procellosa| dry season,
ix.1904 (Ockenden); 30°, dry season, ix.1904
(Ockenden); 70°, wet season, 1ii.1905 (Ock-
enden); 20’, dry season, v.1905 (Ockenden); 10’,
ix.05 (Ockenden); 2C’, xi-xii.1905 (Ockenden);
20°, xii.05 (Ockenden); La Oroya, South East
Peru, 910 m, 10°, 19 (Ockenden); Carabaya,
Tinguri, 1000 m, 10’, dry season, viii.1904 (Ock-
enden); 19 [paratype of procellosa] viii.1904
(Ockenden); San Gaban, 760 m, 10, iti-iv.1912.
Bolivia: Rio Songo, 10’. Brazil: Amazonas:
Fonte Boa, 20’, v.1906 (Klages); 40’, vi.1906
(Klages); 20°, viii.1906 (Klages); 10%, vii.1907
(Klages); 19 (Klages); Hyntanahan, Rio Purus,
10%, 1.1922 (Klages); 10’, ii.1922 (Klages); 10’,
ili.1922 (Klages); 10’, vi.1922 (Klages). Amapa:
Para, 130°, 39 (Moss). Para: Unt. Amaz. Taper-
inha, below Santarem, 10’, 21—31.vii.27 (Zerny);
Monte Cristo, Tapajos, 10’.
Depositories: BANH, CMNH, USNM.

Oospila immaculata sp.n.
(Figs 61, 133, 187)

Holotype Oo’, in MNRJ. Type Locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Col Becker 58355; Planaltina
D[istrito] F[lederal], BRASIL -— 1000 m,
15°35'S 47°42'W, 3.viii.1986, V.O. Becker col;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 14684 Cc.
[Examined.]

CO, 2 (Fig. 61). Fore wing 13-14 mm. Antenna
of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex green.
Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal surface
dark green. Wings: pale green; unmarked. Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; with cream area
around crests enclosed by pink line, remainder of
dorsal surface green; male lacking brushes of
long hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
on intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

A3 of male absent; sternum A8 of male strongly
sclerotized, bifid.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 133). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus extended into
robust, pointed process. Anellar complex: com-
pletely surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral
plate broad, robust, emarginated. Coremata
absent. Aedeagus: vesica with large cornutus and
some denticles.

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 187). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix with antrum long, duc-
tus bursae below antrum very long, with U-bend,
strongly sclerotized, striated; corpus bursae
large; signum absent. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila immaculata can be distin-
guished from holochroa and stagonata by the
absence of a discal spot on the fore wings (com-
pare Figs 34, 61 and 73). The absence of a small
marking at the tornus of the fore wing and hind
wing distinguishes immaculata from decoloraria
(compare Figs 61 and 64). The female genitalia
of immaculata can be recognised by the U-bend
of the ductus bursae (Fig. 187).

DISTRIBUTION. The two specimens examined
were collected in Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: RJ Cach. do
Macacu, 600 m, 19 [paratype] 13.x.1985
(Becker). Distrito Federal: Planaltina, 15°35’S
47°42'W, 1000 m, 1c [holotype] 3.vili.1986
(Becker).

Depositories: MNRJ, VOBB.

Oospila rubescens (Warren)
(Figs 62, 134, 188)

Racheolopha rubescens Warren, 1906: 423. Holo-
type CO’, in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: French Guiana:
Maroni R[iver], S[ain]t Jean; Schaus Colll[ec-
tion]; Type No. 9192 U.S.N.M; Genitalia slide
by MAC 57763 USNM. [Examined.]

Oospila rubescens (Warren); Prout, 1933: 58.

Oo, Q (Fig. 62). Fore wing length 8-10 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings reddish brown. Fore wing: costa
pale brown; blotch at apex large, extending to
costa, connected to blotch at tornus via termen;
blotch at tornus large; discal spot small, brown.
Hind wing: blotches at apex and tornus large,
connected via termen; discal spot small, white.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales present on male tibia. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface cream or brown;
sternum A2 of male with brushes of long hair-
scales present; elliptical sclerite present on inter-
segmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3 of
male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized,
bifid.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 134). Uncus very short.
Soci large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla long, arising close to base
of valva; sacculus extended into short, robust,
serrated process. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
without cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 188). Ostium: sterigma a bar
with each end expanded into a pocket. Bursa
copulatrix: ductus bursae broad, quite long, with
short, strongly sclerotized antrum, weakly stri-
ated below antrum; corpus bursae with small
signum. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGnNosis. In rubescens the blotch at the apex
of the fore wing extends to the costa whereas it
does not in circumsignata (compare Figs 62 and
63). Males can also be distinguished by the
presence of a brush of long hair-like scales on the
hind tibia of rubescens. The female genitalia of
rubescens can be recognised by the distinctive
shape of the sterigma and the pocket on each side
(Fig. 188).

DISTRIBUTION. Known only from French Gui-
ana and Surinam.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 10 [holotype]; 80", 4 (Le
Moult); 10 (Le Moult); 10 (Bar); 80’, 49;
Roches de Kourou, 10’. Surinam: Marowijne:
Areowarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, 19, iv.05
(Klages).

Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila circumsignata Prout
(Figs 63, 135)

Oospila circumsignata Prout, 1916: 171; 1933: 58.
Holotype Oo’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Fonte Boa, Upp[er] Ama-
zon, August 1907. (S.M. Klages); Rothschild
Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Oospila
circumsignata © type Prout; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15720 Oo’. [Examined.]

CO (Fig. 63). Fore wing length 10-11 mm. Frons

59

and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white.
Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings pale brown,
with dark brown perimeters and irrorations. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; blotch at apex not
extending along costa (unlike situation in rubes-
cens, Fig. 62), connected to blotch at tornus via
termen; blotch at tornus large, approximately
rectangular, extending 2/3 length of anal margin;
discal spot small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at
apex extending 1/2 length of termen, connected
to blotch at tornus via termen; blotch at anal
margin absent; discal spot small, white. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; crests surrounded by
pink area, remainder of dorsal surface green;
sternum A2 in male with hair brushes present;
elliptical sclerite on intersegmental membrane of
sterna A2 and A3 of male present; sternum A8 in
male strongly sclerotized, bifid.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 135). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
cleft; ampulla short, curved, with denticulate
apex; sacculus extended into strongly sclerotized,
pointed process. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus, with two large, approxi-
mately rectangular ventral plates. Coremata
absent. Vinculum: ventral plate V-shaped.
Aedeagus: vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA 2. Unknown.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila circumsignata is very simi-
lar in external appearance to rubescens (compare
Figs 62 and 63), but the blotch at the apex of the
fore wing in circumsignata does not extend along
the costal edge as it does in rubescens. Oospila
circumsignata is also slightly larger than rubes-
cens. Males can be distinguished by the lack of a
brush of long hair-like scales on the hind tibia of
circumsignata.

Oospila circumsignata can be distinguished
from asmura by the lack of a short extension of
the hind wing at the apex of vein M, (compare
Figs 17 and 63). These two species can also be
distinguished by the form of the blotch at the
tornus of the hind wing which is extended along
the anal margin in asmura.

The male genitalia of circumsignata can be
recognised by the curved form of the ampulla
and the large ventral plates of the anellar com-
plex (Fig. 135).

DISTRIBUTION. Only 6 specimens of this species
were examined, all from the Amazonas region of
Brazil.

60

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Amazonas: Sao
Paulo de Olivenga, 20’. Fonte Boa, 10’, vii.1907
(Klages); 10° [holotype] viii. 1907 (Klages); Nova
Olinda, Rio Purus, 20’, v.1922 (Klages).
Depositories: BANH, CMNH, USNM.

Oospila decoloraria (Walker)
(Figs 64, 136, 189)

Todis decoloraria Walker, 1861: 541. Holotype 9
[see remarks], in BMNH. Type locality:
JAMAICA. Label data: Jamaica; Type, 45
110; Th IODIS DECOLORARIA;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15703 9.
[Examined. ]

Oospila decoloraria (Walker); Prout, 1912: 133;
1932: 56.

oO, Q (Fig. 64). Fore wing length 8-11 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: dark green, blotches
absent. Fore wing: costa pale brown; unmarked
except for minute brown spot at tornus. Hind
wing: small brown spot at tornus; discal spot
small, white. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler; crests
surrounded by narrow white line, remainder of
dorsal surface green; male lacking brushes of
long hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
on intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and
A3 in male absent; sternum A8 of male strongly
sclerotized, bifid.

GENITALIA O (Fig. 136). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
cleft; ampulla short, apex weakly curved and
denticulate; sacculus extended into long spine-
like process. Anellar complex: completely sur-
rounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
rounded, with short, anterior extension. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus: strongly curved in
unique specimen; vesica with short cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 189). Ostium: sterigma a
semicircular plate, with deep emargination of
posterior edge. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae
narrow posteriorly, widening anteriorly, strongly
sclerotized and striated, antrum indistinct; cor-
pus bursae large, approximately spherical;
signum small. Anterior apophyses relatively
long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila decoloraria is recognisable
from most other species by having almost
unmarked wings. Males can be distinguished
from those of confundaria by the absence of a

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

brush of long hair-like scales on the hind leg of
decoloraria. In the females of decoloraria the
antenna is bipectinate, whereas in confundaria it
is simple.

Oospila decoloraria can be distinguished from
immaculata by the presence of minute markings
at the tornus of both fore and hind wings (com-
pare Figs 61 and 64).

The male genitalia of decoloraria can be recog-
nised by the shape of the valvae, ampullae and
anellar complex (Fig. 136). In the female, the
form of the sterigma is diagnostic (Fig. 189).

DISTRIBUTION. The nine specimens examined
were collected in Cuba and Jamaica.

REMARKS. The sex of the holotype was incor-
rectly given as male in the original description
(Walker, 1861: 541).

The strong curvature of the aedeagus in this
species is probably valid, and not an artifact of
preparation, given the curvature (less pro-
nounced) occurring in other species.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Cuba: 39. Baracoa, 10’.
Cayamas, 29. Santiago, 12. Jamaica: 19 [holo-
type]. Newcastle, 19, viii.93.

Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila jaspidata (Warren)
(Figs 65, 190)

Racheospila (?) jaspidata Warren, 1897: 430.
Holotype @, in BMNH. Type locality:
GUYANA. Label data: Type; Rio Demerara
British Guiana; Racheospila jaspidata type 2?
Warr[en]; Racheolopha; Rothschild Bequest
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae geni-
talia slide No. 15049 9. [Examined.]

Racheolopha jaspidata (Warren), 1900: 137.

Drucia jaspidata (Warren), 1906: 416.

Oospila jaspidata (Warren); Prout, 1912: 133;
1933: 59.

© (Fig. 65). Fore wing length 10-12 mm.
Antenna unknown. Frons and vertex brown.
Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal surface
dark green. Wings: ground colour dark green;
markings reddish brown. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; blotch at apex large, extending to costa,
extended posteriorly along termen to meet
blotch at tornus; blotch at tornus smaller; discal
spot small, brown. Hind wing: blotch at apex
large, connected to blotch at tornus via termen;
blotch at tornus small, not connected to blotch at
anal margin; blotch at anal margin reduced to a
line; discal spot small, brown. Hind leg with
proximal spurs absent. Abdomen: basal crests

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder of
dorsal surface reddish; sterna simple.

GENITALIA CO’. Unknown.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 190). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae very
short, weakly sclerotized, not striated, antrum
absent; bursa copulatrix very large; signum
small. Anterior apophyses relatively long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila jaspidata is similar in
appearance to excrescens, but lacks a brick-red
marking at the base of the fore wing (compare PI.
1: 2, Figs 10 and 65).

Oospila jaspidata may be distinguished from
continuata by the redder colour of the wing
markings and by the shape of the blotch at the
apex of the fore wing, which is rounded in
jaspidata and lacks the distinct apical emargin-
ation of continuata (compare Figs 9 and 65).

DISTRIBUTION. Only two females were exam-
ined, one from French Guiana, the other from
Guyana.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 19. Guyana: East
Demerara-West Coast Berbice: Demerara River,

1 [holotype].
Depositories: BANH, USNM.

Oospila longiplaga Warren
(Figs 66, 137, 191)

Oospila longiplaga Warren, 1909: 83; Prout,
191239134; 1933: 57. LECTOTYPE 9, here
designated, in BMNH. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Type; Fonte Boa, Amazonas,
September 06. (S.M. Klages); Oospila longi-
plaga type 2 Warr[en]; Rothschild Bequest
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae geni-
talia slide No. 15717 9. [Examined.]

oO, 2 (Fig. 66). Fore wing length 12-13 mm.
Female antenna bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; blotches cream or pale brown irrorated
with dark brown, perimeters dark brown. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; blotch at apex large,
approximately circular, extending to costa, not
connected via termen to blotch at tornus; blotch
at tornus long, extending to cover discal spot,
extending 2/3 of anal margin, wider towards
centre of wing, narrowing slightly towards ter-
men; discal spot absent. Hind wing: blotch at
apex large, relatively narrow, approximately
rectangular but narrower where extended along

61

costa, extending 1/2 length of termen, not con-
nected to blotch at tornus; blotch at tornus large,
approximately rectangular, extending 2/3 length
of anal margin; blotch at anal margin absent;
discal spot small, white or absent. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface cream; sternum A2 of male with brushes
of long hair-scales present; elliptical sclerite on
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
of male present; sternum A8 of male strongly
sclerotized, bifid.

GENITALIA O (Fig. 137). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: costal edge with small, subapical point;
ampulla short, with pointed apex; sacculus
weakly developed. Anellar complex: completely
surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
broadly V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus:
vesica with short cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 191). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
strongly sclerotized and striated, antrum indis-
tinct; corpus bursae large, approximately spheri-
cal; signum very small. Anterior apophyses
short.

DIAGNOSIS. The size and shape of the blotches
distinguish /ongiplaga from most other species.
Oospila longiplaga can be distinguished from
lunicincta and ruptimacula by the large blotch at
the tornus of the fore wing, which extends to the
discal cell in /ongiplaga (compare PI. 1: 18, Figs
66, 67 and 69).

Oospila longiplaga may be distinguished from
albicoma albicoma, albicoma nasuta, concinna
and depressa by the absence of a blotch on the
anal margin of the hind wing in /ongiplaga and by
the long, rectangular blotch at the tornus of the
hind wing (compare PI. 1: 11, 20, Figs 39-41, 66
and 72).

The male genitalia of Jongiplaga can be recog-
nised by the presence of a small subapical exten-
sion of the costal edge of the valvae (Fig. 137).

DISTRIBUTION. The three specimens examined
were collected from the Amazonas region of
Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Brazil: Amazonas: Fonte
Boa, 19 [lectotype] ix.06 (Klages); 19 [paralec-
totype] ix.06 (Klages); Alto Paraiso, 100 m, 10’,
4.x.1985 (Becker).

Depositories: BMNH, VOBB.

62
Oospila lunicincta (Warren)
(Figs 67, 138, 192)

Racheolcpha lunicincta Warren, 1909: 85. Holo-
type O', in BMNH. Type locality: PARA-
GUAY. Label data: Type; Sapucay, Paraguay,
16.ix.03 (W. Foster); fi[g] in Seitz 8; Racheolo-
pha lunicincta type CG’ Warr[en]; Rothschild
Bequest B[ritish] | M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15724 OC.
[Examined. ]

Auophyllodes lunicincta (Warren); Prout, 1912:
131.

Oospila lunicincta (Warren); Prout, 1933: 58.

oO, 2 (Fig. 67). Fore wing length 12-13 mm.
Frons and vertex brown. Interantennal fillet
white. Thorax: dorsal surface dark green. Wings:
ground colour dark green; markings cream,
irrorated with brown, with dark perimeters. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; subapical blotch small,
not extending to costa, not connected via termen
to blotch at tornus; blotch at tornus small; discal
spot absent. Hind wing: blotch at apex large, not
connected via termen to blotch at tornus; blotch
at tornus small, not connected to blotch at anal
margin; blotch at anal margin reduced to an
inconspicuous crescent; discal spot small, white.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests
dark brown, distal crests paler; remainder of
dorsal surface cream with pink and brown flecks;
male lacking brushes of long hair-scales on ster-
num A2; elliptical sclerite absent from interseg-
mental membrane of sterna A2 and A3 of male;
sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized, deeply
excavated.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 138). Uncus short, pointed.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: ampulla broad, robust, margin denticu-
late; sacculus not developed. Anellar complex
surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate
broad, emarginated, with posteriorly directed
extension. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
with small cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 192). Ostium: with pocket
on each side; sterigma absent. Bursa copulatrix:
ductus bursae strongly sclerotized, not striated,
antrum absent; corpus bursae small; signum
quite large. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. In general, /unicincta can be distin-
guished from other species with cream or pale
brown blotches by the smaller size of its blotches.
It can be distinguished from albicoma albicoma,
concinna and longiplaga by the small size of the

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

blotch at the tornus of the fore wing, which does
not extend to cover the discal spot in /unicincta
(compare Pl. 1: 11, Figs 39, 41, 66 and 67).
Oospila lunicincta can be distinguished from albi-
coma nasuta by the absence of a short, digitate
extension of the blotch at the tornus of the fore
wing (compare Figs 40 and 67).

The shape of the blotch at the apex of the fore
wing distinguishes /unicincta from depressa. In
lunicincta this blotch narrows towards the costa
and does not fill the apex as it does in depressa
(compare Pl. 1: 20, Figs 67 and 72).

The male genitalia of Junicincta can be recogn-
ised by the shape of the valva and the ampulla
(Fig. 138). The female genitalia can be recogn-
ised by the presence of a pocket on each side of
the ostium (Fig. 192).

DISTRIBUTION. The 6 specimens examined were
collected in Peru, Paraguay, and Brazil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Peru: Divisoria, 1500 m,
10°, 20-23.vi.1982 (Covell). Paraguay: Para-
guari: Sapucay, 10° [holotype] 16.ix.03 (Foster).
Brazil: Minas Geraes: Uberaba, 3C' (Le Moult).
Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 19, xi. (Smith).
Depositories. BANH, CMNH, CVCJ.

Oospila pellucida Prout
(Figs 68, 139, 193)

Oospila pellucida Prout, 1916: 170; 1932: 56.
LECTOTYPE C,, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: PERU. Label data: type; La
Oroya, R[io] Inambari, Peru, Sept[ember]
1904. 3100 ft, dry seas[on] (G. Ockenden);
Oospila pellucida GC’ Prout type; Rothschild
Bequest B(ritish] | M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15707 OC.
[Examined. ]

oO, 2 (Fig. 68). Fore wing length 11-14 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: dark green; blotches
absent; markings brown. Fore wing: costa pale
brown; band along termen narrow; discal spot
small, brown. Hind wing: as fore wing; anterior
discal spot small, white; posterior discal spot
small, brown. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler; with
white area around crests enclosed by pink line,
remainder cream; male lacking brushes of long
hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite on
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
absent; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized,
deeply excavated to form knobbed processes.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 139). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: ampulla large, robust, margin denticulate;
sacculus extended into short, pointed projection.
Anellar complex: surrounding aedeagus; ven-
trally V-shaped; dorsal component modified into
an approximately rectangular plate with denticu-
late posterior margin. Vinculum: ventral plate
squarish. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: short cor-
nutus On vesica.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 193). Ostium: sterigma
large. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
strongly sclerotized and striated, with entry point
of the ductus seminalis expanded and sclerotized,
antrum indistinct; corpus bursae large; signum
small. Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOsIS. The band along the termen of pellu-
cida is uniformly narrow and not expanded into
blotches, which distinguishes it from confluaria
and dicraspeda (compare Figs 42, 47 and 68).
Males can also be distinguished from those of
confluaria by the absence of a brush of long
hair-like scales on the hind tibia.

Oospila pellucida can be distinguished from
lacteguttata by the lack of blotches and by the
absence of the proximal pair of spurs on the hind
tibia.

The darker ground colour of the wings and the
presence of a brown, not reddish, band along the
termen distinguishes pellucida from ciliaria.

The male genitalia of pellucida can be recogn-
_ ised by the modification of the dorsal part of the
anellar complex into a rectangular plate with a
denticulate margin, and by the shape of the
ampulla (Fig. 139). The female genitalia of pellu-
cida can be recognised by the expansion and
sclerotization of the ductus seminalis at the pos-
terior of the ductus bursae (Fig. 193).

DISTRIBUTION. Four specimens were examined
from Peru and two from Colombia.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Colombia: Risaralda:
Siato, Rio Siato, slopes of Choco, 1500 m, 29,
ix.09. Peru: Puno: La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 940
m, 10 [lectotype], 1c" [paralectotype] dry sea-
son, ix.1904 (Ockenden). Carabaya: Tinguri,
1000 m, 1 [paralectotype] dry season, viii. 1904
(Ockenden). La Union, Rio Huacamayo, 610 m,
19 [paralectotype] wet season, xi.1904 (Ock-
enden).
Depository: BMNH.

63

Oospila ruptimacula Warren
(Pl. 1: 18, Figs 69, 140, 194)

Oospila ruptimacula Warren, 1901: 448; Prout,
1912: 133; 1932: 58. Holotype Oo’, in BMNH.
Type locality: ECUADOR. Label data: Type;
Paramba [3500 ft II.97 struck out ]; 8b ITX IX;
Oospila ruptimacula type &’ Warr[en]; Roths-
child Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15723 C.
[Examined. ]

Oospila aliphera Dognin, 1923: 20. Holotype C’,
in USNM. Type locality: BOLIVIA. Label
data: Bolivia: Rio Songo, 750 m (Fass/); Geni-
talia slide By MAC 57762 USNM. [Examined.]
Syn.n.

Oospila ruptimacula aliphera Dognin; Prout,
1933: 58.

Oospila ruptimacula curtimacula Prout, 1933: 58.
LECTOTYPE QC, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: COLOMBIA. Label data:
Type; Gorgona Island, Colombia, at light, 200
ft. 15.10.24. S[ain]t George Exped[itio]n. C.
L. Collenette; Brit[ish] Mus[eum] 1925-488;
Seitz VIII; Oospila ruptimacula curtimacula
type Prout; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15721 O&O. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Oo, 2 (Pl. 1: 18, Fig. 69). Fore wing length 15-20
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface very dark green. Wings: ground
colour very dark green; markings cream, with
brown perimeters and brown irrorations. Fore
wing: costa pale brown; blotch at apex rounded,
connected to blotch at tornus by brown line along
termen; blotch at tornus approximately rectangu-
lar or wedge-shaped, usually narrowing distally;
discal spot absent. Hind wing: blotch at apex
large, extending 1/2 length of termen, irrorations
more concentrated at anterior, connected to
blotch at tornus via dark brown line along ter-
men; blotch at tornus long, narrow, extending
2/3 length of anal margin; no distinct blotch at
anal margin; anterior discal spot small, white;
posterior discal spot sometimes small, white,
sometimes absent (as in form curtimacula). Hind
leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-
like scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface green; male lacking brushes of long hair-
scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent
from intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and
A3 of male; sternum A8 of male emarginated.

GENITALIA © (Fig. 140). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.

64

Valva: deeply excavated; ampulla narrow, digi-
tate, apex denticulate; sacculus extended into
long, narrow, sclerotized process. Anellar com-
plex: completely surrounding aedeagus; dorsal
component extended to emarginated plate with
denticulate apex. Vinculum: ventral plate broad,
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
with cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 194). Ostium: sterigma
deeply excavated (deeper than in decoloraria,
Fig. 136). Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae long,
strongly sclerotized and striated with large
antrum, widening distally; corpus bursae small,
spherical; signum small. Anterior apophyses
short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila ruptimacula can be distin-
guished from other species with cream blotches
by the presence of patches of concentrated dark
brown irrorations within the blotches. The blotch
at the apex of the hind wing is particularly dark in
this respect. The shape of the blotch at the tornus
of the fore wing distinguishes ruptimacula from
albicoma albicoma, concinna, and longiplaga. In
ruptimacula this blotch does not extend to cover
the discal spot as it does in the others (compare
Pl. 1: 11 and 18, Figs 39, 41, 66 and 69). Oospila
ruptimacula can be distinguished from albicoma
nasuta, depressa, and lunicincta by the size of the
blotch at the tornus of the hind wing, which is
much larger in ruptimacula (compare Pl. 1: 18
and 20, Figs 40, 67, 69 and 72).

The male genitalia of ruptimacula can be rec-
ognised by the shape of the valva and the modi-
fied form of the anellar complex (Fig. 140). The
female genitalia can be recognised by the shape
of the sterigma (Fig. 194).

DISTRIBUTION. This species is widely distributed
in tropical Central and South America.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Belize: Stann Creek:
Stann Creek Valley, 19 (Bilaux). Costa Rica:
Alajuela: Estacion Pitilla, 9 km South of Santa
Cecilia, 700 m, 19, 18.v.1988 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs). Puntarenas: Fila Esquinas, 35 km South
of Palmar Norte, 8°45’x83°20', 150 m, 20%, 19,
7-8.1.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs). San Jose: Esta-
cion Carrillo, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo,
700 m, 10%, vili.1984 (Chacon, Chacon); 10,
iv.1985 (Chacon, Chacon). Colombia: Cauca:
Gorgona Island, 60 m, 10 [lectotype of rupti-
macula curtimacula|] 15.x.24 (Collenette); 19
[paralectotype of ruptimacula curtimacula}
17.x.24 (Collenette); 1’ [paralectotype of rupti-
macula curtimacula| 21.xi.24 (Collenette); 10°
[paralectotype of ruptimacula curtimacula}

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

[28].x.24 (Collenette). Ecuador: Imbabura:
Paramba, 10° [holotype of ruptimacula).
Chimborazo: Chimbo, 19 (Mathan) 1.[ix].1892.
Peru: Huanuco: Pozuzo, 19. Madre de Dios:
Tambopata Reserve, 30 km South West of
Puerto Maldonado, 300 m, 10’, 16-22.x.1983
(Covell). Puno: South East Peru, La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, 910 m, 10’, dry season, v.1905 (Ock-
enden); 940 m, 20°, wet season, iii.05 (Ock-
enden); South East Peru, Santo Domingo, 1800
m, 10°, xi.1904 (Ockenden); South East Peru,
10°; Yahuarmayo, 360 m, 19, v—vii.1912 (Wat-
kins). Peru: Cuzco: Quincemil, 730 m, 10,
viii. 1962 (Pena). Bolivia: Rio Songo, 750 m, 10°
[holotype of aliphera] (Fassl). Brazil: Amazonas:
Fonte Boa, 10’, v.1906 (Klages); Sao Paulo de
Olivencga, 10°; Hyntanahan, Rio Purus, 20,
ili. 1922 (Klages).

Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, CMNH,
CVCJ, INBio, USNM.

Oospila venezuelata (Walker) comb.n.
(Pl. 1: 19, Figs 70, 141, 195)

Comibaena venezuelata Walker, 1861: 570. LEC-
TOTYPE ©, here designated, in BMNH.
Type locality: WENEZUELA. Label data:
47g; Venezuela; 7. Comibaena venezuelata;
South America; Type; Geometridae genitalia
slide No. 15782 ©’. [Examined. ]

Comibaena venezuelata Walker; Druce, 1892: 87.

Auophyllodes venezuelata (Walker); Prout, 1912:
[eh Wt he 6 Ya

[Auophyllodes venezuelata ab. connexa Prout,
1932: 53 Infra-subspecific name. ]

Auophyllodes venezuelata cellata Prout, 1932: 53.
Holotype 9, in BMNH. Type locality:
MEXICO. Label data: Mexique oriental
Tabasco W. Gugelmann, 1 trimestre 1914;
Ex Oberthir Coll[ection] Brit[ish] Mus[eum]
1927-3; Auophyllodes venezuelata cellata 2
type Prout; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15786 Q. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Comibaena invasata Walker, 1866: 1611; Druce,
1892: Table 49, Fig.18. Holotype oO’, in
BMNH. Type locality: COLOMBIA. Label
data: 65 86; S[an]ta Marta; Comibaena inva-
sata; Type. [Examined.] Synonymized by
Prout, 1932: 53.

Auophyllodes invasata (Walker); Prout, 1912:
13.

[Auophyllodes venezuelata ab. invasata Prout,
1932: 53. Infra-subspecific name. |

[Auophylla invasata ab. perrupta Warren, 1900:
132. Infra-subspecific name].

Comibaena belisama Druce, 1892: 87. Holotype

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: PANAMA.
Label data: Type; V[olcan] de Chiriqui,
2-3000 ft. Champion; Godman-Salvin Coll[lec-
tion] 19034. B[iologia] C[entrali] A[mericana]
Lep[idoptera] Het[erocera]. | Comibaena
belisama, Druce; Comibaena belisama © type
Druce; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15779
CO [Examined.] Syn.n.

Auophyllodes belisama (Druce); Prout, 1912:
194°1932: 53.

Auophylla ambusta Warren, 1900: 131. Holotype
CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: VENEZUELA.
Label data: Type;-Palma Sola, Venezuela. 96
(Whytmann); Rothschild Bequest B[ritish]
M[useum] 1939-1; auophylla ambusta type CO’
Warr[en]; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15785 oO’. [Examined. ]

Auophyllodes ambusta (Warren); Prout, 1912:
131°1932:'53.

Auophyllodes partita Prout, 1912, 131; 1932: 53.
Holotype 2, in BMNH. Type locality:
PANAMA. Label data: La Choerra. Panama.
1 IV to 15 V 98. C.H. Dolby-Tylor. 98-146;
Auophyllodes partita type Prout; Geometridae
genitalia slide No. 15780 9. [Examined.]
Syn.n.

Oo, 2 (Pl. 1: 19, Fig. 70). Fore wing length 9-12
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; markings varying in extent, cream
with dark brown. Fore wing: costa pale brown;
termen with blotches merged to form band of
varying width, often broader at tornus; band
sometimes cream along entire length (as in form
venezuelata), usually cream proximally and dark
brown distally (Pl. 1: 19), sometimes entirely
dark brown (as in form belisama); discal spot
usually a short brown line surrounded by cream
area; cream area around discal spot may be
continuous with cream area at tornus, sometimes
discal spot reduced, occasionally absent. Hind
wing: termen with blotches merged to form a
broad band, colour as in fore wing; discal spot
usually absent, occasionally a short brown line
surrounded by a small white area. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; remainder of dorsal
surface cream; male lacking brushes of long
hair-scales on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite
absent from intersegmental membrane of sterna
A2 and A3 in male; sternum A8 in male not
strongly sclerotized, simple.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 141). Uncus a narrow bar,

65

not extended. Socii reduced. Gnathos not fused,
components large, not curved. Valva: costa
extended into curved projection with serrated
margin; apex sometimes with short process (in
larger specimens) or rounded (Fig. 141); ampulla
absent; sacculus not extended. Anellar complex:
V-shaped, not surrounding aedeagus. Vinculum:
ventral plate V- or U-shaped. Coremata absent.
Aedeagus: vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA @ (Fig. 195). Ostium displaced ante-
riorly, intersegmental membrane of sternum A7
and A8 extended; sterigma a rectangular bar
with a short anteriorly-directed projection on
each side. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae short,
weakly sclerotized and not striated, antrum
absent; corpus bursae with signum small. Ante-
rior apophyses short.

DISTRIBUTION. Widely distributed throughout
tropical Central and South America.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila venezuelata is unlikely to be
confused with any other species from its wing
markings, but may be distinguished from astigma
by the broader band along the termen of its hind
wings (compare PI. 1: 6 and 19, Figs 22 and 70).
Males of these two species can also be distin-
guished by the shape of the anellar complex
(compare Figs 97 and 141).

The female genitalia of venezuelata can be
recognised by the displacement of the ostium and
extension of the intersegmental membrane
between sternum A7 and A8 (Fig. 195). The
displacement of vein R, in the fore wings such
that its point of divergence from R; lies distal to
that of vein R;, also distinguishes venezuelata
from other species.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Mexico: Tabasco: 19
[holotype of venezuelata cellata| 1°‘ trimestre,
1914 (Gugelmann). Veracruz: Huatuxco, 19.
Quintana Roo: X-can, Nueva, 1400', 99,
vii.1971, x.1973, viii.1975, viii,x,xi, xii, 1980, i,ii-
slii,1V,V,Vi, Vii, Vili,ix,x,xi.1981 (Welling). Guate-
mala: South Geronimo, 2? (Champion). Santa
Rosa: Barberena, 10’. Izabel: Cayuga, 1C0
(Schaus, Barnes). Sacatepequez: Duenas, 1?
(Champion). Nicaragua: Rio San Juan: Chon-
tales, 10°. Costa Rica: Alajuela: Cerro Campana,
650 m East side Volcan Cacao, 6 km North West
Dos Rios, 10’, 15.i.1988 (Janzen, Hallwachs).
Finca San Gabriel, 2 km South West of Dos
Rios, 600 m, 70’, v.1989 (GNP Biodiversity
Survey). Guanacaste: Estacion Mengo, South
West side of Volcan Cacao, W85°28'10"
N10°55’43”, 1100 m, 10’, ii.1988 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 40", 10.ii.1988 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 20’,

66

vi.1988 (Janzen, Hallwachs). Casa Roberto,
Estacion Pitilla, 7 km South of Santa Cecilia,
W85°25'33" N11°00'18”, 500 m, 20’, v.1988
(GNP Biodiversity Survey); 20’, i.1989 (GNP
Biodiversity Survey). Estacion Pitilla, 9 km South
of Santa Cecilia, 700 m, 10° (Moraga, Rios).
Limon: Sixaola River, 10’. San Jose: San Jose,
20°, 22 (Schmidt). Panama: La Chorrera, 19
[holotype of partita] 1.iv-15.v.98 (Dolby-Tylor).
Canal Zone: Corozal, near Balboa, 19, 20.vi.24
(Collenette). Chiriqui: Volcan de Chiriqui,
610-910 m, 10% [holotype of belisama] (Cham-
pion). 10° (Walker). Trinidad: Saint George
East: Caparo, 19 (Birch). 1?, 10.vi-2.vii (Kaye);
Arima Valley, 800-1200, 10°, 19, 10-22.ii.1964
(Rozen, Wygodzinsky). Venezuela: 1C [lecto-
type of venezuelata]. Cucuta, 20°, 19. Palma
Sola: 10° [holotype of ambusta] 1896 (Whyt-
mann); 10° [paralectotype of venezuelata]; 19,
1896 [paralectotype of venezuelata] (Whytmann);
1 (Whytmann); 10°, 49. Carabobo: Valencia,
10°; San Esteban, near Pueno-Cabello, 10
(Sagan). Distrito Federal: Caracas, 10’. Colom-
bia: Boyaca: Muzo, 400-800 m, 50’ (Fassl).
Magdalena: Santa Marta, 1¢% [holotype of inva-
sata]; Suert Cabel, 1?, 76 (Smith); Minca, 610 m,
10 (Smith); Don Amo, 610 m, 10° (Smith); 10’.
Bonda, 0 m, 10° (Smith). Meta: East Colombia,
Upper Rio Negro, 800 m, 60% (Fass/). Peru: 10’.
Bolivia: Santa Cruz: East Bolivia, Buenavista,
750 m, 10, vili.06-iv.07 (Steinbach). Cocha-
bamba: Charaplaya, 65°W 16°S, 1300 m, 10,
iv.01 (Simons); 10’ (Germain).
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, INBio.

Oospila confundaria (Moschler)
(Figs 71, 142, 196)

Racheospila confundaria Moschler, 1890: 242.
LECTOTYPE Q, here designated, in MNHU.
Type locality: PUERTO RICO. Type; Por-
torico, Mus[eum] Krug. 87; Typus; Zool.
Mus[eum] Berlin; Confundaria Moschl[er];
MAC genitalia slide No. 018; [Examined. ]

Oospila confundaria (MOschler); Prout, 1912:
133932595:

Racheolopha coerulea Warren, 1906: 421. Holo-
type CO’, in USNM. Type locality: GUYANA.
Label data: British Guiana: Omai; Schaus Col-
I[ection]; Type No. 9188 U.S.N.M.; Genitalia
Slide By MAC No. 57731 U.S.N.M. [Exam-
ined.] Syn.n.

Oospila coerulea (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134;
1932°55%

Oospila coerulea aphenges Prout, 1932: 55. Holo-
type oO’, in BMNH. Type locality: BRAZIL.

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Label data: Type H[olo]t[ype]; 39. 27. Uru-
cum, 15 miles S{outh] of Corumba. 650 ft,
16-23.xi.27. Mato Grosso. C.L. Collenette;
3174; Oospila coerulea aphenges CO type
Prout; Joicey Bequest. Brit[ish] Mus[eum]
1934-120; Geometridae genitalia slide No.
15695. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Racheolopha derasa Warren, 1906: 422. Holo-
type oO’, in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: French Guiana:
Maroni R[iver], S[ain]t Jean, vii. 1904; Schaus
Collfection]; Type No. 9191 U.S.N.M.; Geni-
talia Slide By MAC No. 57730 U.S.N.M.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

Oospila derasa (Warren); Prout, 1912: 134; 1932:
55.

Oospila sesquiplaga Prout, 1912: 135; 1932: 55.
Holotype 2, in HECO. Type locality: BRA-
ZIL. Label data: Holotype; Brazil; ns; t.,
1910, L.B. Prout; 647; [blank green label];
Oospila sesquiplaga Prout type; Type Lep: No.
2519 Oospila sesquiplaga Prout Hope Dept.
Oxford. [Examined.] Syn.n.

oO, 2 (Fig. 71). Fore wing length 10-15 mm.
Antenna of female simple. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface dark green. Wings: ground colour dark
green; markings dark brown. Fore wing: costa
pale brown; blotch at apex usually absent, some-
times present but very small (as in form ses-
quiplaga); blotch at tornus often small (as in
form derasa), sometimes absent; termen
unmarked or sometimes with narrow brown band
along its length; discal spot brown. Hind wing:
blotch at apex absent; blotch at tornus usually
absent, sometimes present but very small; blotch
at anal margin absent; anterior discal spot usually
absent, sometimes small, white; posterior discal
spot usually absent, sometimes small, brown.
Hind leg: proximal spurs absent; brush of long
hair-like scales on male tibia. Abdomen: basal
crests dark brown, distal crests paler; cream area
surrounding crests; remainder of dorsal surface
green; sternum A2 of male with brushes of long
hair-scales present; elliptical sclerite present on
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
of male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized,
bifid.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 142). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
cleft; broad apically; ampulla narrow, curved,
articulating close to base of valva, lacking teeth;
sacculus lobed with very short, pointed apical
extension. Anellar complex: completely sur-
rounding aedeagus. Vinculum: ventral plate con-

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

spicuously narrow, V-shaped. Coremata absent.
Aedeagus curved; vesica with small cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 196). Ostium: sterigma
large, elliptical. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae
long, not strongly sclerotized, weakly striated,
antrum indistinct; corpus bursae large; signum
large. Anterior apophyses long.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila confundaria has_ similar
wing markings to decoloraria (compare Figs 64
and 71) from which males can be distinguished by
the presence of a hair pencil on the hind tibia of
confundaria and females can be distinguished by
the simple antennae of confundaria. Oospila
confundaria can be distinguished from margi-
nata, tricamerata, and obsolescens by the smaller
size of the wing blotches or their absence, and by
the absence of large brown discal spots on the
hind wings (compare Pl. 1: 16, Figs 54-56 and
WD).

DISTRIBUTION. O. confundaria is the most
widely distributed species of Oospila occurring
throughout the tropical areas of Central and
South America and on many Carribbean islands.

REMARK. The abdomen of the holotype of O.
sesquiplaga is incorrectly associated.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Cuba: Matanzas:
Cienaga, Zapata, near Playa Larga, 19.
Jamaica: Baron Hill, Trelawny, 19. Dominican
Republic: La Vega, 15 km North Jarabacoa, 240
m, 19, 21.vii.1987 (Rawlins, Davidson). Puerto
Rica, 19 [lectotype]. St. Lucia: 19 (Br/aJnch).
Trinidad: Curepe, 9.i1.1980, 10° (Cock). Guate-
mala: Chejel, 10°. /zabel: Cayuga, 29. Costa
Rica: Avangarez, 20’. Alajuela: Finca San Gab-
riel, 2 km South West of Dos Rios, 600 m, W85
23'50” N10 53’19"” 19, i.1988 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); Estacion Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km South
Santa Cecilia, 10°, 18.vi.1988 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 19, vi.1988 (Espinosa); 19, vii.1988
(Espinosa, Chaves); 30’, 19, viii.1988 (Scoble,
Brooks); Finca La Campana, El Ensayo, 7 km
West Dos Rios, 10°. Cartago: Juan Vinas, 19.
Guanacaste: Las Canas, Rio Carobici, 12. Casa
Oeste, Cerro El Hacha, 12 km South East La
Cruz, 300 m, 29, x.1987 (Chacon); 10°, 29,
xi. 1987 (Chacon); Cerro El Hacha, 300 m, 12 km
South East La Cruz, 10", 19; Derrumbe, Esta-
cion Mengo, 1400 m, West side Volcan Cacao,
19; Estacion Mengo, 1100 m, South West side of
Volcan Cacao, W85°28'10" N10°55’43” 10’,
vi.1988 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10°, 32 (Janzen,
Hallwachs); Finca Jenny, 300 m, 31 km North
Liberia, 20’, 39; Santa Rosa National Park, 300
m, 3Q, 6.vi.1978 (Janzen); 10", 12.vi.1978 (Jan-

67

zen); 20, 19, 2.vii.1978 (Janzen); 10,
12.xii.1978-10.i.1979 (Janzen); 19, 18-20.v.1979
(Janzen, Hallwachs); 19, 19-21.vi.1979 (Janzen,
Hallwachs); 19, 22-24.vi.1979 (Janzen); 10’,
27-30.vi.1979 (Janzen); 10°, 10-12.xi.1979 (Jan-
zen); 10°, 19, 23-25.xi.1979 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 10°, 26-28.xi.1979 (Janzen); 19,
T-9.xii.1979 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 19,
21-24.xii.1979 (Janzen); 20’, 2-11.i1i.1980 (Jan-
zen, Hallwachs); 292, 1.v.1980 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 19, 5—6.v.1980 (Janzen, Hallwachs);
10°, 19, 9-11.v.1980 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 29,
16-18.vii.1980 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 19,
9-17.iii.1981 | (Janzen, Hallwachs);_ 19,
1-5.i.1982 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10’, 1-15.i.1982
(Janzen, Hallwachs); 29 , 10-20. iii.1982 (Janzen,
Hallwachs); 10%, xii.1982 (Janzen, Hallwachs);
300 m, 60", 19, i.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10’,
ii.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 29, iii.1983 (Jan-
zen, Hallwachs); 19, 3.vi.1983 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 10°, 19, iv.1984 (Janzen, Hallwachs);
10°, 22, v.1984 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 10,
15-17.iii.1986 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 4 km East
Casetilla, Rincon National Park, 19, 14.ii.1983
(Janzen, Hallwachs); Estacion Maritza, 600 m,
West side Volcan Orosi, 10’, v.1988 (GNP
Biodiversity Survey); Finca Jenny, 30 km north
Liberia, W85°34'27" N10°51'55", 10%, xii.1987
(GNP Biodiversity Survey); 10°, i.1988 (GNP
Biodiversity Survey); 10°, 39, viii.1988 (GNP
Biodiversity Survey). Heredia: Chilamate,
Heredia, 20’, 19, 9.viii.1986 (Covell). Limon:
Sixaola River, 2 0’; Cerro Tortuguero, Parque
Nacional Tortuguero, 100 m, 30’, 29 iv.1989
(Aguillar, Solano); 10’, x.1989 (Solano). Puntar-
enas: Fila Esquinas, 35 km South of Palmar
Norte, 150 m, 8°45’ x 83°20’, 10%, 7-8.i.1983
(Janzen, Hallwachs). Panama: Veraguas: Vera-
gua, 10’. French Guiana: Guyane: St. Jean du
Maroni, 10 [holotype of derasa]; 120°, 139 (Le
Moult); St. Laurent du Maroni, 10°, 1923
(Aymeés); 7 0’, 32; Nouveau Chantier, 10°; 12
(Bar). Surinam: Sipalawini: Thibiti area, Kabo
Creek (partly swampy, primary forest on hilly
slopes circa 2 km from river), 29. Guyana:
Bought at Georgetown, 10°. Mazaruni-Potaro:
Omai: 1905, 1¢’ [holotype of coerulea] 10°, 119;
Tumatumari, 10°, xii.1907 (Klages); Kartabo
Point, 10°, 19. East Demerara-West Coast Ber-
bice: Rockstone, Essequebo, 19. Venezuela:
Bolivar: Maripa, Caura River, 10’ (Klages).
Anacoco, 60 m, 10". Guririo Caroni, 100 m, 10’.
88 km South El Dorado, 10, 26-28.vi.1984, 10
(Covell); Las Clarita, 10°, 19, 28.vi.1984 (Cov-
ell). Lara: Canon Panzacola, Guarico, 10’.
Guarico, Hato Masaguaral, 45 km South Cal-
abozo, 10°, 12. Colombia: Meta: East Colombia:

68

Upper Rio Negro, 800, 10’; 10”. Peru: Madre de
Dios: Tambopata Reserve, 300 m, 30 km South
West Puerto Maldonado, 6 O', 16—22.x.1983
(Covell). Bolivia: Santa Cruz: River Yapacani,
600 m, 10". Paraguay: Amambay: Parque Nacio-
nal Cerro Cora, 10°. Paraguai: Sapucay, 10,
6.ix.02 (Foster); 10°, 30.x.04 (Foster); 26.2 km
South East Ybycui, Parque Nacional Ybycui,
30. Brazil: Minas Geraes: Uberaba, 10° (Le
Moult). East Brazil: Tutaya, 2 O& (Moss); 19
[holotype of sesquiplaga]. Perambuca, 40’. Acre:
Rio Jurua, 4°40’S 66°40’ W, 10’, 20.x.74. Amazo-
nas: Humayta, River Madeira, 10°; Sao Paulo de
Olivenca, 10°. Bauru, Sao Paulo, 10’. Mato
Grosso do Sul: 15 miles South Corumba, Uru-
cum, 200 m, 10% [holotype of coerulea aphenges|
23.xi.27 (Collenette); Burity, 30 miles North East
of Cuyaba, 690 m, 20’, 1-14. vii.27 (Collenette); 6
©’, 1886 (Germain); Tombador, 16 miles South
of Diammantino, 460 m, 10", 20-27. viii.27 (Col-
lenette). Para: Unt. Amaz. Taperinha: below
Santarem, 10’, 21-31.viii.1927 (Zerny); 10°, 19,
1-7.ix.27. Rondonia: Calama, River Madeira,
below River Machados, 10’, viii-x.07 (Hoff-
mann). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 10, x.
Santa Catarina: Santa Catarina, Nova Bremen,
850 m, 10’, xi.37 (Hoffmann). Sao Paulo: Alto
de Serra, Santos, 800 m, 19, 3.xii.12.
Depositories: BANH, CMNH, CVCJ, HECO,
INBio, MDHG, MNHU, UCVM, USNM.

Oospila depressa Warren
(Pl. 1: 20, Figs 72, 143, 197)

Oospila depressa Warren, 1905: 45; Prout, 1912:
133; 1933: 58. LECTOTYPE Q, here desig-
nated, in BMNH. Type locality: COSTA
RICA. Label data: Type; Tuis, Costa Rica;
Oospila depressa type 2 Warrt[en]; isthoxia;
Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15719 Q.
[Examined. ]

Oospila semiviridis Warren, 1909: 84; Prout,
1912: 134; 1933: 57. Holotype oO’, in BMNH.
Type locality: PERU. Label data: Type; La
Oroya R[io] Inambari, S[outh] E[ast] Peru,
3100 ft, wet s[eason], March 05. (G. Ock-
enden); Oospila semiviridis type O& Warr[en];
Rothschild Bequest B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1;
Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15716 OC.
[Examined.] Syn.n.

Oo, 2 (PI. 1: 20, Fig. 72). Fore wing length 11-15
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: ground colour
dark green; blotches cream or pale brown, with

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

dark brown striations and perimeters. Fore wing:
costa pale brown; blotch at apex of variable size,
rounded, extending to costa, not connected to
blotch at tornus via termen; blotch at tornus
variable in size, but never large enough to cover
discal spot; discal spot small, brown. Hind wing:
blotch at apex large; blotch at tornus smaller,
approximately circular; blotch at anal margin
reduced to small lip; discal spot white. Hind leg:
proximal spurs absent; brush of long hair-like
scales absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark
brown, distal crests paler; with pink and brown
flecks around crests, remainder of dorsal surface
cream; sternum A2 of male with brushes of long
hair-scales present; elliptical sclerite present on
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
of male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized,
deeply emarginated.

GENITALIA OC (Fig. 143). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: cleft; ampulla short, with serrated apical
margin; sacculus extended into narrow, sclero-
tized process. Anellar complex: completely sur-
rounding aedeagus, extended posteriorly into
tongue-shaped process. Vinculum: ventral plate
V-shaped. Coremata absent. Aedeagus: vesica
rarely with small cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 197). Ostium: sterigma rect-
angular. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae strongly
sclerotized and striated, antrum absent; corpus
bursae small, spherical; signum quite large.
Anterior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila depressa can be distin-
guished from albicoma albicoma and concinna by
the shape and extent of the blotch at the tornus
of the fore wing. In depressa this blotch is
smaller, never extends to cover the discal spot
and is wedge-shaped, tapering gradually towards
the termen, and never with an abrupt constric-
tion (compare PI. 1: 11 and 20, Figs 39, 41 and
72). The absence of a digitate extension of the
blotch at the tornus of the fore wing distinguishes
depressa from albicoma nasuta (compare PI. 1:
20, Figs 40 and 72).

The small, approximately circular blotch at the
tornus of the hind wing in depressa distinguishes
it from longiplaga in which this blotch is longer
and approximately rectangular (compare PI. 1:
20, Figs 66 and 72). The large blotch at the apex
of the fore wing distinguishes depressa from
lunicincta (compare PI. 1: 20, Figs 67 and 72).

The male genitalia of depressa can be recogn-
ised by the small tongue-shaped posterior exten-
sion of the anellar complex (Fig. 143). The
female genitalia can be recognised by the distinc-

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

tive shape of the sterigma (Fig. 197).

DISTRIBUTION. Material was examined from
Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Ven-
ezuela, Peru and Bolivia.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Guatemala: /zabel:
Cayuga, 19, vi. (Schaus and Barnes); 10°, 39;
10°, v. (Schaus, Barnes); Chejel, 10°, 19; near
Matias de Galvez, 12; Quirigua, 19. Belize:
Belize, 12; Rio Grande, 10’, xii.1932 (White);
19. Toledo: Punta Gorda, 19 x.1935 (White).
Costa Rica: Canta Rana, 300 m, 19 (Herbulot).
Cartago: Tuis, 19 [lectotype of depressa]; 22
[paralectotypes of depressa]; Sitio 19, v; Juan
Vinas, 760 m, 10’, v. (Schaus); 30", 19; Moravia
de Chirripo, 1000 m, 19, 10.v.1983 (Janzen,
Hallwachs). Guanacaste: Rincon National Park,
4 km East Casetilla, 750 m, 19, 22.v.1982 (Jan-
zen, Hallwachs); 10°, 8.x.1982 (Janzen, Hall-
wachs); 4 km East Casetilla 750 m, 10,
11.iv.1983 (Janzen, Hallwachs); Mirador Ad.,
900 m, 19, 29.iii.1984 (Janzen, Hallwachs); 4km
West Station Cecilia, 250 m, 10’, 25.ii.1985
(Janzen, Hallwachs); 2 km South-West Station
Cecilia, 300 m, 10’, 25.xii.1984. Heredia: La
Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo de
Sarapiqui, 40 m, 19, iv.1987 (Chavarria).
Limon: Cerro Tortuguero, North edge Tortu-
guero National Park, 0-100 m, 29, 30.v.1984
(Janzen, Hallwachs); Guapiles, 192. Osa Penin-
sula: Sirena Corcovado National Park, 20’,
5-11.i1.1981 (Janzen, Hallwachs). Puntarenas:
San Vito, 19; Fila Esquinas, 35 km South of
Palmar Norte, 8°45’ x 83°20’, 19, 7-8.i1.1983
(Janzen, Hallwachs). San Jose: Estacion Carrillo,
Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 700 m, 19,
ix.1984 (Chacon, Chacon); 20’, x.1984 (Chacon,
Chacon); 10, i.1985 (Chacon, Chacon); 10’,
iii.1985 (Chacon, Chacon); 10°, 19; Fila
Esquinas, 35 km South of Palmar Norte, 150 m,
19, 7-8.i.1988 (Janzen, Hallwachs). Panama:
Chiriqui: Volcan de Chiriqui, 60-90 m, 19
(Champion); Lino, 19; Oja de Agua, 1600 m,
19 (Herbulot); Environs de Estacion Clara, 10"
(Herbulot); 15 km Norte Oeste de El Hato del
Volcan, 1400 m, 19 (Herbulot). Canal Zone:
Barro Colorado Island, 22. Venezuela: Aragua:
Rancho Grande, 19, 28.vi-18.vii.1974 (Watson);
10, 12.vii-16.viii.1976 (Watson). Bolivar: 88 km
South El Dorado, Estado Bolivar, 150 m, 10’,
26-28.vi.1984 (Covell). Peru: Puno: La Oroya,
Rio Inambari, 940 m, 10’, dry season, ix.04
(Ockenden); 19, wet season, x.1904 (Ock-
enden); 10 [holotype of semiviridis] wet season,
ili.0S (Ockenden); Carabaya, Rio Huacamayo,
940 m, 10, dry season, vi.04 (Ockenden).

69

Bolivia: Santa Cruz: East Bolivia: Buenavista,
19, vii—-x.1906 (Steinbach); Provincia del Sara,
450 m, 19, xi.1909 (Steinbach).

Depositories: BANH, CMNH, HERB, INBio,
USNM.

Oospila stagonata (Felder and Rogenhofer)
comb.n.

(Figs 73, 144, 198)

Racheospila stagonata Felder and Rogenhofer,
1875: pl. 127, fig 25. Holotype Co’, in BMNH.
Type locality: COLOMBIA: Bogota. Label
data: Lindig 1804; Type; 144; Novara CXXVII
f25 Racheospila stagonata Bogota ©’; Progon-
odes stagonata Feld.; Rothschild Bequest
B[ritish] M[useum] 1939-1; Geometridae geni-
talia slide No. 12932 oC’.

Progonodes stagonata (Felder & Rogenhofer);
Warren, 1897: 430; Prout, 1912: 135; 1932: 60.

Racheospila arycanda Druce, 1892: 89 Holotype
CO’, in BMNH. Type locality: COSTA RICA.
Label data: Type; R[iver] Sucio, Costa Rica,
H. Rogers; Godman-Salvin Coll[ection]
19034 B[{iologia] C[entrali-] A[mericana].
Lep[idoptera-]Het[erocera]. Racheospila ary-
canda Druce; Racheospila arycanda © type
Druce; Geometridae genitalia slide No. 15772
CO’. [Examined.] Syn.n.

Progonodes arycanda (Druce); Prout, 1912: 135.

Progonodes stagonata arycanda (Druce); Prout,
1933: 60.

Oo, 2 (Fig. 73). Fore wing length 12-17 mm.
Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and vertex
brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax: dorsal
surface pale green. Wings: pale green; speckled
with white. Fore wing: costa pale brown; discal
spot usually absent, occasionally small, brown.
Hind wing: anterior and posterior discal spots
small, white. Hind leg: proximal spurs absent;
brush of long hair-like scales absent. Abdomen:
basal crests dark brown, distal crests paler;
remainder of dorsal surface cream; male lacking
brushes of long hair-scales on sternum A2; ellip-
tical sclerite absent from intersegmental mem-
brane of sterna A2 and A3 of male; sternum A8
strongly sclerotized in male, bilobed.

GENITALIA ©’ (Fig. 144). Uncus short. Socii
large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced. Valva:
short, narrow; costa with small subapical projec-
tion; ampulla absent; sacculus not extended.
Anellar complex: completely surrounding aedea-
gus. Vinculum: ventral plate emarginated. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus: vesica without cornutus.

GENITALIA Q (Fig. 198). Ostium: sterigma

70

absent. Segment A8 enlarged and strongly scle-
rotized. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae and cor-
pus bursae form large, weakly sclerotized
complex with some striations, antrum absent;
signum small. Anterior apophyses absent.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila stagonata can be distin-
guished from holochroa and immaculata by the
presence of white speckling on its wings (com-
pare Figs 34, 61 and 73). The wings of stagonata
have a more mottled appearance than they do in
lactecincta, sporadata, athena and nivetacta, and
they lack the solid green and white patches
(compare PI. 1: 9 and 21, Figs 33, 35, 36, 73 and
74). The female genitalia of stagonata can be
recognised by the enlargement and strong sclero-
tization of sternum A8 (Fig. 198).

DISTRIBUTION. Specimens were examined from
Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Costa Rica: Cartago:
Orosi, 1200 m, 29 (Fass/). Limon: Rio Sucio, 19
[holotype of arycanda] (Rogers). Colombia: Cun-
dinamarca: Bogota, 10° [holotype of stagonata]
(Lindig), 19. Ecuador: Ita[i], 10° (Buckley).
Venezuela: Bolivar: Carret Caicara, San Juan de
Manapiare km 170, 300 m, 19, 4-9.iv.1977 (Bor-
don); Carret Bramor Delicias, 1800 m, 1?,
16-17.vii.1980. Ecuador: Pichincha: Tinlandia,
17 km SE Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 900
m, 19, 16.x.1988 (Miller).
Depositories: AMNH, BMNH, UCVM.

Oospila nivetacta (Warren) comb.n.
(Pl. 1: 21, Figs 74, 145, 199)

Racheolopha nivetacta Warren, 1906: 425. Holo-
type CO’, in USNM. Type locality: FRENCH
GUIANA. Label data: French Guiana:
Maroni R[iver], S[ain]t Jean, iv. 1904 (Sch
Colombial); Type No. 9199 U.S.N.M. [Exam-
ined. ]

Progonodes nivetacta (Warren); Prout, 1912:
135;,1932: 60:

Oo, @ (Pl. 1: 21, Fig. 74). Fore wing length 10-16
mm. Antenna of female bipectinate. Frons and
vertex brown. Interantennal fillet white. Thorax:
dorsal surface dark green. Wings: mainly white,
with dark green speckling concentrated at distal
areas leaving central white patch. Fore wing:
costa dark brown; discal spot large, brown. Hind
wing: discal spot brown. Hind leg: proximal
spurs absent; brush of long hair-like scales
absent. Abdomen: basal crests dark brown, dis-
tal crests paler; remainder of dorsal surface
green; male lacking brushes of long hair-scales

M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

on sternum A2; elliptical sclerite absent from
intersegmental membrane of sterna A2 and A3
of male; sternum A8 of male strongly sclerotized
in male, narrowing posteriorly; emarginated.

GENITALIA CO (Fig. 145). Uncus not extended.
Socii large. Gnathos: not fused, not reduced.
Valva: deeply cleft; ampulla absent; sacculus
extended into long, pointed process. Anellar
complex: completely surrounding aedeagus. Vin-
culum: ventral plate broad, emarginated. Core-
mata absent. Aedeagus narrow; vesica with small
cornutus.

GENITALIA @Q (Fig. 199). Ostium: sterigma
absent. Bursa copulatrix: ductus bursae short,
strongly sclerotized, not striated; antrum indis-
tinct; corpus bursae large; signum small. Ante-
rior apophyses short.

DIAGNOSIS. Oospila nivetacta can be distin-
guished from other species of Oospila with green
and white speckled wing markings by the dark
brown colour of the costa, and the prominence of
the brown discal spots (compare PI. 1: 9 and 21,
Figs 33, 35, 36, 73 and 74). The male genitalia of
nivetacta can be recognised by the shape of the
valva (Fig. 145).

DISTRIBUTION. This species has been collected
in French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela and Bra-
zil.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. French Guiana: Guyane:
St. Jean du Maroni, 10 [holotype]; 10’ (Le
Moult). Guyana: Mazaruni-Potaro: Rio Potaro,
10°, i.1908 (Klages); 12. Potaro, 10%, ii.1908
(Klages). Tumatumari, 10’, xii.1907 (Klages).
Venezuela: El Boninche res, Forestal Imataca,
200 m, 20’, 6-13.xii.74. Bolivar: El Horniguero
Meseta de Nuria, 500 m, 10’, 13-17.xii.74. Bra-
zil: Amazonas: Upper Amazonas: Fonte Boa,
20, v.1906 (Klages); 10", vii.07; Sao Paulo de
Olivenga: 10°, i.1932 (Wucherpfennig); 10°,
vi-vii.1933. (Moss); 19, vii.1934 (Waehner);
Nova Olinda, Rio Purus, 10", v.1922 (Klages).
Amapa: Para, 20’ (Moss).
Depositories: BANH, CMNH, UCVM.

REFERENCES

Bastelberger, M.J. 1911. Sechs neue Hemitheinae aus meiner
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Brown, K.S. 1979. Ecologia geografica e evolucao nas florestas
neotropicais. PhD Thesis. Universidade Estadual de Campi-
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Cook, M.A. 1993. The Systematics of Emerald Moths

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

(Geometridae, Geometrinae): wing pigments, tympanal
organs and a revision of the neotropical genus Oospila
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plates.

Cook, M.A. and Scoble, M.J. 1992. Tympanal organs of
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systematic importance. Systematic Entomology 17: 219-232.

Cook, M.A., Harwood, L.M., Scoble, M.J. and McGavin, G.C.
1994. The chemistry and systematic importance of the green
wing pigment in Emerald Moths (Lepidoptera:
Geometridae, Geometrinae). Biochemical Systematics and
Ecology 22: 43-51.

Dognin, P. 1892. Descriptions de Lépidoptéres nouveaux. Le
Naturaliste 14: 185-186.

— 1898. Hétérocéres nouveaux de I’Equateur. Annales de la
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— 1908. Hétérocéres nouveaux de |’Amérique du Sud.
Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 52:
264-270.

— 191la. Hétérocéres nouveaux de |’Amérique du Sud. 3: 66
pp. Rennes.

—— 1911b. Hétérocéres nouveaux de |’Amérique du Sud.
Mémoirs de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 18:
151-188.

— 1923. Hétérocéres nouveaux de l’Amérique du Sud. 23: 34
pp. Rennes

Druce, H. 1891-1900. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta.
Lepidoptera-Heterocera 2: 622 pp. London.

—— 1911. New species of Heterocera. Annals and Magazine of
Natural History (8)7: 288-294.

Dyar, H.G. 1914. Report on the Lepidoptera of the Smithso-
nian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone. Proceed-
ings of the United States National Museum 47: 139-350.

Felder, C., Felder, R. and Rogenhofer, A.F. 1875. Reise der
Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde (Zool.) 2(Abt.
2): pls 121-140. Vienna.

Fletcher, D.S. 1951. Four new species of Geometridae (moths)
from Rancho Grande, North-central Venezuela. Zoologica
37: 101-104.

— 1979. in Nye, I.W.B. The Generic Names of Moths of the
World 3: xx, 243 pp. London.

Guenée, A. 1857. Uranides et Phalénites 1. Jn: Boisduval, M.
and Guenée, A. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Species
Général des Lépidopteéres 9:{i|-lvi, 1-514.

Herbulot, C. 1991. Trois nouveaux Geometrinae d’Amerique
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108-112.

Herrich-Schaffer, G.A.W. 1850-1858. Sammlung neuer oder
wenig bekannter aussereuropdischer Schmetterlinge 1: 84 pp,
120 pls., Regensburg.

Hiibner, J. [1816-1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge
[sic]. 431 pp. Augsburg.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985.
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Third Edi-
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Janzen, D.H. 1988. Ecological characterization of a Costa
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Jones, E.D. 1921. New moths from South-East Brazil. Proceed-

ings of the Zoological Society of London 1921: 323-356.

Klots, A.B. 1970. Lepidoptera. Pp. 115-130, in Tuxen, S.L.
(ed.) Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia in Insects. (Second
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— 1890. Die Lepidopteren-fauna der Insel Portorico.
Abhandlungen hrsg. von der Senckenbergischen Naturfor-
schenden Gesellschaft. Frankfurt a.M. 16: 69-360.

vii

Pitkin L.M. 1993. Neotropical Emerald moths of the genus
Nemoria and its relatives with particular reference to the
species from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Geometridae,
Geometrinae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum
(Entomology) 62: 39-159, 1 col. pl.

Prout, L.B. 1910. Lepidoptera Heterocera Fam. Geometridae
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1912. Lepidoptera Heterocera fam. Geometridae subfam
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1-274.

— 1916. New Neotropical Geometridae. Novitates Zoologi-
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— 1918a. New Geometridae in the Joicey Collection. Annals
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— 1918b. New Species and forms of Geometridae. Novitates
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— 1901. New species of Geometridae from tropical America.
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—— 1912a. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica- XV.
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— 1912b. New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —
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—— 1913. New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —- XXI.
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demiae typographum.

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—— 1866. List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the
collection of the British Museum 35: 1535-2040. London.

Warren, W. 1897. New genera and species of Thyrididae,
Epiplemidae, and Geometridae, from South and Central
America and the West Indies, in the Tring Museum. Novi-
tates Zoologicae 4: 408-507.

— 1900. New genera and species of American Drepanulidae,
Thyrididae, Epiplemidae and Geometridae. Novitates Zoo-
logicae 7: 117-225.

— 1901. New American Moths. Novitates Zoologicae 8:
435-492.

— 1904a. New American Thyrididae, Uraniidae, and
Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae 11: 1-173.

— 1904b. New American Thyrididae, Uraniidae, and
Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae 11: 493-582.

— 1905. New American Thyrididae, Uraniidae and
Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 307-379.

— 1906. Descriptions of new genera and species of South
American Geometrid Moths. Proceedings of the United
States National Museum 30: 399-557.

— 1907. American Thyrididae, Uranidae and Geometridae
in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae 14: 187-323.

— 1909. New American Uraniidae and Geometridae. Novi-
tates Zoologicae 16: 69-109.

I M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Figs 1-7 Oospila species. 1, O. flavilimes; 2, O. decorata; 3, nigripunctata; 4, O. permagna; 5, O. pallidaria; 6,
O. subaurea; 7, O. acymanta.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Figs 8-14 Oospila species. 8, O. quinquemaculata; 9, O. continuata; 10, O. excrescens; 11, O. florepicta; 12, O.
semispurcata; 13, O. rhodophragma; 14, O. granulata.

B

74 M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Figs 15-22 Oospila species. 15, O. thalassina; 16, O. lacteguttata; 17, O. asmura; 18, O. circumsessa; 19, O.
rosipara; 20, O. delphinata; 21, O. camilla; 22, O. astigma.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Figs 23-30 Oospila species. 23, O. leucostigma; 24, O. delacruzi; 25, O. albipunctulata; 26, O. rufilimes; 27, O.
arpata; 28, O. fimbripedata; 29, O. zamaradaria; 30, O. miccularia.

fis)

716 M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

s

Figs 31-38 Oospila species. 31, O. euchlora; 32, O. ecuadorata; 33, O.athena; 34, O. holochroa; 35, O.
lactecincta; 36, O. sporadata; 37, O. includaria; 38, O. leucothalera.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Figs 39-46 Oospila species. 39, O. albicoma albicoma; 40, O. albicoma nasuta; 41, O. concinna; 42, O.
dicraspeda; 43, O. ciliaria; 44, O. trilunaria; 45, O. carnelunata; 46, O. altonaria.

Hi

78 M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Figs 47-54 Oospila species. 47, O. confluaria; 48, O. longipalpis; 49, O. sellifera; 50, O. lilacina; 51, O. violacea;
52, O. callicula; 53, O. obeliscata; 54, O. marginata.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Figs 55-62 Oospila species. 55, O. tricamerata; 56, O. obsolescens; 57, O. atopochlora; 58, O. hyalina; 59, O.
atroviridis; 60, O. congener; 61, O. immaculata; 62, O. rubescens.

79

80 M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

Figs 63-70 Oospila species. 63, O. circumsignata; 64, O. decoloraria; 65, O. jaspidata; 66, O. longiplaga; 67, O.
lunicincta; 68, O. pellucida; 69, O. ruptimacula; 70, O. venezuelata.

REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

Figs 71-74 Oospila species. 71, O. confundaria; 72, O. depressa; 73, O. stagonata; 74, O. nivetacta.

81

82 M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN 83

sternum A3 —

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Figs 78-199 on following pages. 78-145, male genitalia and sternum A8 of Oospila species; 146-199, female
genitalia of Oospila species.

84

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M.A. COOK AND M.J. SCOBLE

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN 105

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN 109

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

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REVISION OF GENUS OOSPILA WARREN

115

INDEX

acymanta 12
albicoma 38
albicoma albicoma 38
albicoma matura 40
albicoma nasuta 40
albipunctulata 27
aliphera 63
altonaria 45
ambusta 64

arpata 28

arycanda 69
asmura 19

astigma 24

athena 33
atopochlora 54
atroviridis 56

basiplaga 36
belisama 64

callicula 49

callicula orchardae 49
callicula stenobathra 49
camilla 24
carnelunata 44
cayennensis 15
ciliaria 43

circumdata 13
circumdata striolata 13
circumsessa 21
circumsignata 59
coerulea 66

coerulea aphenges 66
concinna 40
confluaria 46
confundaria 66
congener 57

congener procellosa 57
continuata 14
conversa 22
curvimargo 35

decoloraria 60
decorata 9
delacruzi 26
delicatescens 34
deliciosa 38
delphinata 23
depressa 68
derasa 66

Synonyms are in italics

dicraspeda 42
dolens 56

ecuadorata 32
eminens 40
euchlora 32
excrescens 15
extensata 27

fenestrata 18
fimbripedata 29
flavicincta 21
flavilimes 9
florepicta 15
fractimacula 5S
fumidimargo 19

granulata 17

heteromorpha 23
holochroa 34
hyalina 55

immaculata 58
imula 31
includaria 36
invasata 64

jaspidata 60

lactecincta 35
lacteguttata 18
latimargo 19
leucostigma 25
leucothalera 37
lilacina 48
longipalpis 47
longiplaga 61
lunicincta 62

magnifica 36

marginata (Schaus) 11
marginata Warren 51
marginata sympathes 51
mesocraspeda 45
miccularia 31

microspila 21

minorata 38
mionophragma 28
mionophragma subruta 28

multiplagiata 36
nivetacta 70
nigripunctata 10

obeliscata 50
obsolescens 53

pallida 43

pallidaria 11

partita 64

pellucida 62

peralta 18

permagna 11
plurimaculata 22
plurimaculata symmicta 23
procellosa 57

quinquemaculata 13

restricta 26

rhodophragma 17
rosipara 21

rubescens 58

rufilimes 27

rufiplaga 51

ruptimacula 63
ruptimacula curtimacula 63

sarptaria 31
sarptaria ruboris 32
sellifera 47
semialbaria 43
semicaudata 28
semispurcata 16
semiviridis 68
sesquiplaga 66
similiplaga 28
sporadata 35
stagonata 69
subaurea 12

thalassina 18
tricamerata 52
trilunaria 44

venezuelata 64
venezuelata cellata 64

violacea 49

zamaradaria 30

Bulletin of The Natural History Museum

Entomology Series

Earlier Entomology Bulletins are still in print. The following can be ordered from Intercept (address on inside
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Volume 57
No. 1 A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with
special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica. I.D. Gauld. 1988. Pp. 1-309, 352 figs,

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Volume 59

No. 1 The songs of the western European bush-crickets of the genus Platycleis in relation to their
taxonomy (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). D.R. Ragge. 1990. Pp. 1-35.
A reclassification of the Melanotus group of genera (Coleoptera: Elateridae). C.M.F. von Hayek.
1990. Pp. 37-115.

No. 2 The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). S.J. Brooks &
P.C. Barnard. 1990. Pp. 117-286.

Volume 60

No. 1 The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). P.H. Williams.
1991. Pp. 1-204.

No. 2 Sattleria: a European genus of brachypterous alpine moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). L.M.
Pitkin & K. Sattler. 1991. Pp. 205-241.
A review of wing reduction in Lepidoptera. K. Sattler. 1991. Pp. 243-288.

Volume 61

No. 1 Thrips (Thysanoptera) from Pakistan to the Pacific: a review. J.M. Palmer. 1992. Pp. 1-76.

No. 2 Neotropical red-brown Ennominae in the genera Thysanopyga Herrich-Scaffer and Perissopteryx
Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). M. Kruger & M.J. Scoble. 1992. Pp. 77-148.

Volume 62

No. 1 Caloptilia \eaf-miner moths (Gracillariidae) of South-East Asia. Decheng Yuan and Gaden S.
Robinson. 1993. Pp. 1-37.

No. 2 Neotropical Emerald moths of the genera Nemoria, Lissochlora and Chavarriella, with particular
reference to the species of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Linda M.
Pitkin. 1993. Pp. 39-159.

Volume 63 :

No. 1 A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of
the immature stages of economically important insect species (mainly Hemiptera and
Lepidoptera). D.W. Huang and J.S. Noyes. Pp. 1-135.

No. 2 A taxonomic review of the common green lacewing genus Chrysoperla (Neuroptera:
Chrysopidae). S.J. Brooks. Pp. 137-210.

- is

Revision of the neotropical genus Oospila Warren (Lepidoptera:
Geometridae)
M.A. Cook and M.J. Scoble

ENTOMOLOGY SERIES
Vol. 64, No. 1, June 1995