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THE BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL
NOMENCLATURE

The Official Organ of
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON
ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

VOLUME 16

Edited by
FRANCIS HEMMING, C.M.G., C.B.E.

LONDON:

Printed by Order of the International Trust for
Zoological Nomenclature
and
Sold on behalf of the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature by the International Trust at its Publications Office,
41, Queen’s Gate, London, S.W.7
1957—1958

(All rights reserved)

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Feiss WR ay, aa pana” 3

(IIT)

FOREWORD
by

The Lord Hurcomb,

Chairman of the
International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature

In accordance with the wish expressed at the Fifteenth International
Congress of Zoology at its meeting held in London last summer consideration
is being given by the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature to the
question of devising a simpler and less expensive form of production for the
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. It is hoped that it will be possible to make
a preliminary announcement on this subject at an early date. It would clearly
not be possible to introduce a new system of production in the middle of a
volume and it has been decided therefore at once to close the current volume
(Volume 16) of Bulletin by the publication of a concluding Part (Part 3)
containing the Title Page for the volume, one paper which was already in
proof on the eve of the opening of the London Congress and a brief subject
index. This Part has been kindly prepared on the invitation of the Trust
by Mr. Francis Hemming as having been Secretary to the Commission and
Editor of the Bulletin during the period in which the earlier Parts of this
Volume were published.

(Signed) HURCOMB

Office of the International Trust
for Zoological Nomenclature,

41 Queen’s Gate,
Lonpon, S.W.7.

2nd September 1958.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Secretaryship of the International Commission op Zoological Nomen-
clature : Retirement of Mr. Francis Hemming on account of ill-health :

Statement dated 29th April 1958 issued me the International Trust
for Zoological Nomenclature é ea ie

Letter dated 29th April 1958 addressed by Mr. Francis Hemming
to the President of the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, intimating his decision to relinquish the Office
of Secretary on medical advice

Letter dated 10th May 1958 by Professor J. Chester Bradley
acknowledging the receipt of Mr. Francis Jane s letter
of 29th April 1958 ; : : a

Obituary : Karl P. Schmidt

Report on the question of the application of the generic name Calandra
Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798 (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera)
and matters incidental thereto, By Francis Hemming, C.M.G.,
C.B.E. (Secretary to the International Commission for Zoological
Nomenclature) ie te i be as

Part 1: Question of the relative status of the spellings Calandra
and Calendra for the generic name published with both ao
by Clairville & Schellenberg in 1798 bY

Part 2: The question of the species to be accepted as the type
species of the genus Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798. .

Part 3: Question of the status to be accorded to the specific name
abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the combination
Curculio abbreviatus, the name currently applied to the Corn
Root Weevil but now found to be invalid as a junior ise
of an older name *. Pe ge

Part 4: Certain miscellaneous matters
Part 5: Summary and General Conclusions

Appendix 1: Specialists to whom the Questionnaire of 4th ao
1956 was addressed ae 's = i ic F

Appendix 2 : Views of specialists on three possible ies for ene
the Calandra (Calendra) problem "t

(V)

Page

IV

|

13

19
22
26

34

35

(VI)

Appendix 3: Views of specialists on the question whether it is
desirable that the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1798, as
published in the combination Curculio abbreviatus, should be
validated under the Plenary Powers as the specific name for
the Corn Root Weevil

Appendix 4: Action which would require to be taken if the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature were to
approve the Plan which has received the largest amount of
support among the specialists consulted

Support for the application regarding the specific name padi Linnaeus,
' 1758 (Aphis) (Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera). By Miriam A.
Palmer (Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.)

Support for the application regarding the specific name parvula Morch,
1863 (Apsylia) (Class Gastropoda). By Henning Lemche (Universi-
tetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark) ay oe

Personnel of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature :
Election as a Commissioner of Per Brinch (Sweden) ..

Proposed use of the Plenary Powers to validate a neotype for the
nominal species Cancer oculatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, to designate
the species so named to be the type species of the genus Mysis
Latreille, [1802-1803] (Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea) and
matters incidental thereto. By Charlotte Holmquist (Lunds
Universitets, Zoologiske Institutionen, Lund, Sweden). . 4 vs

Annexe : Description and Figures of a Neotype for Mysis oculata
(O. Fabricius, 1780) tie en ig = Ne eat

Proposed addition to the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology
of certain family-group names for Ammonoidea, generally accepted
in corrected form but originally mis-spelt or incorrectly formed.
By W. J. Arkell, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S. (Cambridge University,
Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge) : aM <% ‘3

Support for the application regarding the name Palaemon adspersus
Rathke, 1837 (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda). By J. C.
Yaldwin (Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New
Zealand) ‘ us - 2% = ag yi 3

Page

41

48

48

56

62

66

Proposed use of the Plenary Powers to designate a type species for the
genus Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammo-
noidea : Jurassic) in harmony with accustomed usage. By P. C.
Sylvester-Bradley (University of Sheffield, England) ..

Proposed use of the Plenary Powers to validate the specific name
gemmascens Esper, [1794], as published in the combination Madre-
pora gemmascens (Class Hydrozoa, Order Stylasterina). By H.
Boschma (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The
Netherlands)

Request for a Ruling as to the species to be accepted as the type species
of the nominal genus Bathylagus Ginther (A.C.L.G.), 1878 (Class
Pisces). By W. I. Follett (California Academy of Sciences, San
Francisco, U.S.A.) and D. M. Cohen See ae Florida, Gaines-
ville, U.S.A.) o

Support for the application regarding the generic name Mysis Latreille,
[1802-1803] (Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea). By Henning
Lemche (Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark). .

Support for W. J. Arkell’s proposal for the addition to the Official List
of Family-Group Names in Zoology of certain names published by
Hyatt (A.) and Haug (E.) respectively :

By P. C. Sylvester-Bradley (University of Sheffield, England)
By D. T. Donovan (U niversity of Bristol, England) ..
By C. W. Wright (London)

Support for P. C. Sylvester-Bradley’s proposal for the use of the
Plenary Powers to designate for the genus Dactylioceras Hyatt,
1867 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea) a type species in
harmony with accustomed usage :

By W. J. Arkell (Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge)
By L. F. Spath (British Museum (Natural History), London)
By D. T. Donovan (University of Bristol, England) . .

Proposed addition to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology of the
specific name duponcheli Staudinger, 1871, as published in the
combination Leucophasia duponcheli, a well-known name which has
been recently threatened (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera). By
Francis Hemming, C.M.G., C.B.E. (London) and Leo a
(Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Miinchen) . .

(VII)

Page

67

71

73

78

79
79
79

80
80
80

81

(VII)

Corrigenda

Index to authors of applications and of comments on applications

Subject Index ..

Particulars of dates of publication of the several Parts in which the
present volume was published ..

Instructions to Binders

Page
88

89

91

103

104

—

SECRETARYSHIP OF THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Saran,
oon

punct! SSE Retirement of Mr. Francis Hemming

—9 JUN 1558 on account of ill-health

“Up <Of
rar nisi?
Statement issued by the International Trust for

Zoological Nomenclature

The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature
announces with great regret that it has been informed by
Mr. Francis Hemming, who has held the Office of Honorary
Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature since 1936, that he has been told by his medical
advisers that he must seek immediate relief from at least the
greater part of his duties and that he ought not to incur the
physical strain involved in completing the arrangements for
the Colloquium on Zoological Nomenclature which is to be
held in London next July immediately before the meeting of
the Fifteenth International Congress of Zoology. At the same
time Mr. Hemming, when informing the President of the
International Commission, intimated that he did not propose
to offer himself for re-election as Honorary Secretary for the
period following the close of the coming Congress.

The situation created called for immediate action by the
Trust since if any serious break were to occur in the preparations
for the Colloquium the prospects for securing the final adoption
by the Congress of a revised text for the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature would be seriously compromised.

Bull. zool. Nomencl., Vol. 16, pp. (D—(VIII). Issued with Part 2. June 1958.

II Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

The International Trust has pleasure in announcing the
following arrangements which it has made in consultation with
Sir Gavin de Beer, Director, British Museum (Natural History),
and President of the coming Fifteenth International Congress
of Zoology :—

(1) With the consent of Sir William Pugh, Director of the
Geological Survey, London, and with the approval
of the Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research and of H.M. Treasury, Mr. R. V. Melville,
a senior member of the Palaeontological staff of
the Survey, has been released for a period of one
year to take immediate charge of the Office of the
Commission with the title of “‘ Assistant Secretary
to, and Director of the Office of, the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature”. In
addition, Mr. Melville has been appointed Assistant
Manager to the Trust.

(2) Mr. Melville will take up his new duties on Thursday,
Ist May, 1958.

(3) Mr. Melville’s first duty will be to obtain suitable
accommodation for the Office of the Commission
(which hitherto has been housed rent-free in Mr.
Hemming’s private residence) and to complete the
arrangements for the meeting of the Colloquium on
Zoological Nomenclature.

(4) At the request of the Trust and in order to assist
Mr. Melville to concentrate his attention on the most
urgent tasks, Mr. Hemming has consented to see
through the press the edition of the Official Lists
and Official Indexes now in the course of being
printed and, in addition, to prepare the Opinions
required to give effect to the decisions already taken
by the Commission in a number of cases. Mr.
Hemming has also agreed for the time being to
retain the position of Managing Director and
Secretary of the Trust.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature Iti

In view of the close association between the work of the
Section on Nomenclature of the International Congress of
Zoology and the work of the Colloquium on Zoological
Nomenclature, Sir Gavin de Beer, as President of the forth-
coming Congress, has invited Mr. Melville to act as Recorder
for the Section in succession to Mr. Hemming.

28 Park Village East,
Regent’s Park,
LonbDon, N.W.1.

29th April 1958

IV Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Letter dated 29th April 1958 addressed by Mr. Francis Hemming
to the President of the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, intimating his decision to relinquish the
Office of Secretary on medical advice

My dear President,
The Secretaryship of the Commission

It is with great regret that I have to report to you that about
a fortnight ago my medical advisers informed me that I ought
to seek immediate relief from at least the greater part of my
duties as Honorary Secretary to the International Commission
and that I must not incur the strain involved in completing the
arrangements for the Colloquium on Zoological Nomenclature
which is to be held in London next July immediately before
the opening of the Fifteenth International Congress of Zoology.

For some years I have, as you are aware, been considering
the question of relinquishing the Office of Honorary Secretary
to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
which I have held for over twenty years. I have contemplated
this step partly because I consider that I have held this Office
for long enough and that a change would be advantageous and
partly because I am anxious to be able to return to my studies
on the Lepidoptera. It has always been my intention when I
judged that the time had come to take this step to give you, as
President, as long notice of my decision as was reasonably
practicable in order that the members of the Commission, in
conjunction with the International Trust, might concert the
arrangements needed for carrying on the work of the Com-
mission. I very much regret that in the light of the advice
received from my doctors it has been necessary to adopt a much
more rapid procedure than that previously proposed. As you
will understand, this was inevitable if arrangements were to be
made for an immediate transfer of responsibility for the day-to-
day work of the Office of the Commission and for the completion
of the arrangements for the coming Colloquium. For any
break in the continuity of those arrangements and any delay

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature V

in their completion might seriously compromise the prospects
of obtaining the final approval of the coming Congress for the
text of the Régles as revised by the Paris (1948) and Copenhagen
(1953) Congresses.

Accordingly, on receiving from my medical advisers the
report referred to above I at once notified the International
Trust, as the body responsible for the conduct of the adminis-
trative and business affairs of the Commission. At the same
time I informed Sir Gavin de Beer as President of the coming
Congress. I now enclose a copy of a statement which is being
issued by the International Trust setting out the arrangements
which it has made for carrying on the work of the Commission
in the period lying immediately ahead. In doing so, I should
like to make two observations. First, that the Commission is,
in my view, most fortunate to have obtained the services of
Mr. R. V. Melville, who is well known as a palaeontologist, is
interested in nomenclature, took an active part in the Colloquium
at Copenhagen in 1953 and is thus personally acquainted with
many of those who will be attending the London meetings.
The sincere gratitude of the Commission and the Congress is
due to the British authorities for having released Mr. Melville
and for the speed with which they have made his services avail-
able. Second, the appointment of Mr. Melville, being on the
administrative plane and for a limited period only, in no way
prejudices the nature of the decisions to be taken by the Com-
mission and the Trust as to the future form of organisation to
be adopted.

In order to minimise any inconvenience which my state of
health may cause to the Commission, J have accepted a sugges-
tion made to me by the Trust that it would be better that instead
of at once tendering my resignation of the Office of Secretary
to the Commission I should retain that Office until the close of
the coming Congress but that in the meantime I should delegate
to Mr. Melville almost all my functions as Secretary other than
those which I have already specified. During this brief period
I propose to hold myself at Mr. Melville’s disposal to assist
him in any way that he may ask me so todo. In this connection
I have to recall that I am a member of that portion of the
Commission—one third of the whole—whose term of service
expires at the close of the coming Congress, my term of service
expiring at the same date. As regards the question of re-

Vi Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

election as a member of the Commission I am in the hands of
my colleagues. J can only say that I should be willing to
serve for a further term if that were the wish of the Commission.
Turning however to the question of the Secretaryship of the
Commission, I have to inform you, my dear President, that I
feel precluded on grounds of health from allowing myself to be
nominated for a further term. Accordingly, as from the close
of the London Congress I shall cease to be Secretary to the
Commission.

I am sorry that the time has come when I must lay down
the Office of Honorary Secretary which I have held for the last
twenty-two years. While during that period I have not been
able to carry into effect all the projects which I set myself, it
is a matter of satisfaction to me that as the result of the policies
pursued since I became Secretary, the Commission, instead
of being a body without income, assets or reserves, today—
through the action of the International Trust—has an impressive
record of achievement amounting to between thirty and forty
volumes of the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature and Opinions
and Declarations Series, is in possession of substantial reserves
and other assets, and, if it maintains the level of output of
recent years, may count upon securing an income which will
enable the Trust to defray the cost of an organisation sufficiently
large to meet the needs of the Commission now that for the
first time the whole of that cost will fall upon its funds.

In now saying good-bye, I take the opportunity of expressing
my warm gratitude to all those members of the Commission
who have assisted me with advice or in other ways during my
term of service as Secretary and through you, my dear President,
of conveying my sincere good wishes to the Commission and of
expressing the hope that it may be enabled to make further
valuable contributions to international co-operation by the
promotion of stability and universality in zoological nomen-
clature.

I am sending a copy of this letter to each of the members
of the International Commission.

Yours sincerely,

FRANCIS HEMMING

eS

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature VII

Letter dated 10th May 1958 by Professor J. Chester Bradley
acknowledging the receipt of Mr. Francis Hemming’s letter
of 29th April 1958

Dear Secretary Hemming,

The content of your letter of 29th April (I1.T.Z.N.42) was
a shock and gave me sorrow. I recall your expressed desire to
lay down the secretaryship in good time in order to be free to
conduct your own researches, but I deeply regret that ill-health
should now force inactivity at a moment when, I am sure,
nothing could be farther from your desire.

I am sure that I speak for the entire Commission when I
recall the twenty-two years in which you have strenuously
laboured, bringing the affairs of the Commission from a virtual
standstill to the status of a thriving service to zoologists, when
I recall your personal sacrifices, your indomitable energy,
your extraordinary efficiency, your clear and logical mind that
you have continually exercised in furthering the technical work
of the Commission, when I say that we owe you a debt of
gratitude greater than I am able to put into words.

As President of the Commission I express to you its
particular gratitude for your promptness in securing a competent
acting successor, able to step in immediately and prevent the
collapse of arrangements for the Colloquium and to carry on
during a transition period. For this, I ask you to convey the
thanks of the Commission to the Trust, to Sir Gavin de Beer,
to Sir William Pugh, and last, but not least, to Mr. Melville
himself. In wishing you a formal good-bye, although I shall
hope to see you in London, I recall our long years of pleasant
association in nomenclatural matters, dating back to the autumn
of 1928 when I was invited, as a guest, to attend meetings of the
Committee on Nomenclature for British entomology. As men
of spirit, we have had our different points of view, but they
have always been harmoniously resolved, and I am confident

vill Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

that we have continuously held one another in mutual respect
and esteem.

In closing, may I hope that your ill-health will be temporary,
and that it will not interfere with your chosen research, and that
you may face many more years of active and productive
scientific life.

Yours cordially,
J. CHESTER BRADLEY

d

VOLUME 16. Part 1 30th December 1957
pp. 1—48

THE BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL
NOMENCLATURE

i The Official Organ of

THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON

sh ¥ 5m. ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE PUROHASEN

~ 6 JAN 1958

oe)

Edited by
FRANCIS HEMMING, C.M.G., C.B.E.

Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

CONTENTS

Notices prescribed by the International Congress of Zoology : Page

Date of commencement by the International Commission on
: Zoological Nomenclature of voting on the application
4 published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature .. a 3

ne tee

Notice of the possible use by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature of its Plenary Powers in a certain
case .. fe ee i he wi 2k ae 3

(continued on back wrapper)

LONDON:

Printed by Order of the International Trust for
Zoological Nomenclature
and
Sold on behalf of the International Commission on Zoological
$ Nomenelature by the International Trust at its Publications Office,
= 41, Queen’s Gate, London, S.W.7
1957

Price One Pound, Ten Shillings

(All rights reserved)

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL
NOMENCLATURE

A. The Officers of the Commission

Honorary Life President: Dr. Karl Jorpan (British Museum (Natural History), Zoological
Museum, Tring, Herts, England)

President: Professor James Chester Braptey (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.)
(12th August 1953)

Vice-President : Senhor Dr. Afranio do AMarat (Sao Paulo, Brazil) (12th August 1953)
Secretary : Mr. Francis Hemmine (London, England) (27th July 1948)

B. The Members of the Commission

(Arranged in order of precedence by reference to date of election or of most recent
re-election, as prescribed by the International Congress of Zoology)

Professor H. Boscuma (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands)
(1st January 1947)

Senor Dr. Angel Casprera (La Plata, Argentina) (27th July 1948)

Mr. Francis Hemuine (London, England) (27th July 1948) (Secretary)

Dr, Henning Lemcue (Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark) (27th July 1948)
Professor Teiso Esaxr (Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan) (17th April 1950)

Professor Pierre Bonnet (Université de Toulouse, France) (9th June 1950)

Mr. Norman Denbigh Rizey (British Museum (Natural History), London) (9th June 1950)

Professor Dr. Tadeusz Jaczewsxi (Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland) (15th June 1950)

Professor Dr. Robert Mertens (Natur-Museum u. Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, Frankfurt
a.M., Germany) (5th July 1950)

Professor Dr. Erich Martin Hertye (Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universitét zu Berlin,
Germany) (5th July 1950)

Senhor Dr. Afranio do Amarat (S. Paulo, Brazil) (12th August 1953) (Vice-President)

Professor J. R. Dymonp (University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada) (12th August 1953)

Professor J. Chester Brapiey (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.) (12th August 1953)
(President)

Professor Harold E. Voxss (University of Tulane, Department of Geology, New Orleans, Louisiana,
U.S.A.) (12th August 1953)

Professor Béla Hanx6 (Mez6gazdasdgi Muzeum, Budapest, Hungary) (12th August 1953)

Dr. Norman R. Srorz (Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, N.¥., U.S.A.)
(12th August 1953)

Mr. P, C. Sytvester-Brav Ey (Sheffield University, Sheffield, England) (12th August 1953)

Dr. L. B. Hoxruvis (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands) (12th
August 1953)

Dr. K. H. L. Key (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra,
A.C.T., Australia) (15th October 1954)

Dr. Alden H. MinuEr (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California,
U.S.A.) (29th October 1954)

Bee, Boe Ferdinand Pranti (Ndrodni Museum v Praze, Prague, Czechoslovakia) (30th October

a4)

Professor Dr. Wilhelm Kiunett (Zoologisches Institut der Universitét, Vienna, Austria) (6th
November 1954)

Professor F. 8S. BopeNHErMER (The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel) (11th November 1954)

Professor Ernst Mayr (Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massa- —
chusetts, U.S.A.) (4th December 1954)

Professor Enrico Tortonese (Museo di Storia Naturale “G. Doria”, Genova, Italy) (16th
December 1954) ”

BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Volume 16, Part 1 (pp. 1—48) 30th December 1957

wer ‘we Si atelee wa:
‘ of © Betis a Se)

~~ nw

ee Bark 3. Schmidt

Readers of the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature will learn with the
greatest regret of the sudden death on 26th September 1957 of Dr. Karl P.
Schmidt, formerly Chief Curator of Zoology, Chicago Natural History
Museum, at the age of 67.

Dr. Schmidt who was a world authority in the field of herpetology,
was one of the most distinguished American zoologists of his day. In
matters of nomenclature Dr. Schmidt had always been a keen advocate
of stability for zoological names and was at all times willing to throw the
weight of his influence in support of proposals designed to further this
end. When in 1953 the Fourteenth International Congress of Zoology
gave official approval to the concept of neotypes, Dr. Schmidt, jointly
with Mr. Roger Conant, of Philadelphia, was, for example, the first
zoologist to come forward with a request that the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature should use its Plenary Powers
to approve the designation of a neotype for the common North
American snake, Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnaeus, 1768) (the Eastern
Garter Snake of North America), the long-established name for which
was thus protected from being changed.

At Copenhagen in 1953 Dr. Schmidt presided with great distinction
over the Meetings of the Section on Nomenclature at the International
Congress of Zoology and it was largely due to his quick understanding,
firmness and good humour that the Section was enabled to reach
agreement upon the large number of intricate—and, in some cases,
potentially controversial—matters which it was called upon to consider.

At the time of his death Dr. Schmidt was planning to come to London
in July of next year for the purpose of taking part in the Colloquium on
Zoological Nomenclature which is to settle the terms of the revised text
of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature for submission
to the Fifteenth International Congress of Zoology which is to meet
immediately after the close of the Colloquium. Dr. Schmidt’s sound

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

judgment and wise counsel will be sorely missed at these meetings. His
tragic death as the result of a snake bite is a severe loss to his speciality
and a painful blow to his many friends and admirers. The sympathy of
all zoologists will go out to his widow and family.

FRANCIS HEMMING

11th November 1957

i i ae a hel

i

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 3

NOTICES PRESCRIBED BY THE
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY

The following notices are given in pursuance of decisions taken, on the
recommendation of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
(see 1950, Bull. zool. Nomencl. 4: 51—56, 57—59), by the Thirteenth
International Congress of Zoology, Paris, July 1948 (see 1950, Bull. zool.
Nomencel. 5 : 5—13, 131).

(a) Date of commencement by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature of voting on the application published
in the “ Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature ”’

Notice is hereby given that normally the International Commission will
start to vote upon applications published in the Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature on the expiry of a period of six calendar months from the date of
publication in the Bulletin of the applications in question. Any specialist who
may desire to comment upon the application published in the present
Part of the Bulletin is accordingly invited to do so in writing and in duplicate
to the Secretary to the Commission, as quickly as possible and in any case, in
sufficient time to enable the communication in question to reach the Secretariat
of the Commission before the expiry of the’six-month period referred to above.

(b) Notice of the possible use by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature of its Plenary Powers in a certain case

Notice is hereby given that the possible use by the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature of its Plenary Powers involved the
application published in the present Part of the Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature in relation to the under-mentioned names :—

Calandra (Calendra) Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798, suppression of, in
favour of Sphenophorus and Sitophilus, both of Schoenherr, 1838,
respectivly, in interests of universality of nomenclature; abreviatus
Fabricius, 1787 (Curculio) and oryzae, emendation to of oryza Linnaeus,
1763 (Curculio), validation of (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera) (Z.N.(S.)
255).

2. Comments received in sufficient time will be published in the Bulletin ;
other comments, provided that they are received within the prescribed period

4 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

of six calendar months from the date of publication of the present Part will
be laid before the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature at
the time of commencement of voting on the application concerned.

3. In accordance with the procedure agreed upon at the Session held by
the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in Paris in 1948
(see 1950, Bull. zool. Nomencl. 4 : 56), corresponding Notices have been sent
to the serial publications Nature and Science.

FRANCIS HEMMING

Secretary to the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature

28 Park Village East, Regent’s Park,
Lonpon, N.W.1, England.

30th December 1957.

—

i tl

'
Se ee ee ee ee

~~

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 5

REPORT ON THE QUESTION OF THE APPLICATION OF THE GENERIC
NAME “CALANDRA”’ CLAIRVILLE & SCHELLENBERG, 1798 (CLASS
INSECTA, ORDER COLEOPTERA) AND MATTERS INCIDENTAL THERETO

Possible use of the Plenary Powers (a) either to suppress the
generic name “ Calandra ”’ Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798,
or in certain circumstances to validate the spelling ‘‘ Calendra’’
therefor, (b) to validate the specific name “ abbreviatus ”’
Fabricius, 1787, as published in the combination ‘“‘ Curculio
abbreviatus ’’, as the name for the Corn Root Weevil, (c) to
suppress the specific name “ elegans ’’ Fourcroy, 1785, as
published in the combination ‘‘ Curculio elegans ’’ and (d) to
validate the emendation to “‘ oryzae ’’ of the specific name
‘oryzae’? as published in the combination “ Curculio
oryzae ”’

By FRANCIS HEMMING, C.M.G., C.B.E.

(Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 255)
Introductory

The primary purpose of the present Report is to place before the Inter-
national Commission on Zoological Nomenclature the complicated and difficult
problems associated with the generic name Calandra—or Calendra—Clairville &
Schellenberg, 1798 (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera), an extremely well-known
name which in one or other of the above spellings has for many years been used
—and still is used—for different species of weevil, each of great economic
importance, by workers in the Old World and the New World respectively.
A subsidiary question which is also involved is which of the above spellings,
both of which were used by Clairville & Schellenberg in 1798, should be treated
as being the Valid Original Spelling. There is a possibility that the determina-
tion of this latter question might in certain circumstances legitimately give rise
to a request that on grounds of usage the spelling found to be the Invalid
Original Spelling should be validated by the Commission under its Plenary
Powers. It has to be noted that the specific name universally in use for the
Corn Root Weevil (Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787) is an invalid name
and will need either to be validated or replaced by some later name. Finally, it
has been found that the specific name oryzae Linnaeus, 1763, as published in the
combination Curculio oryzae, the specific name of the Rice Weevil, was first
published in the defective form oryza and therefore that the use of the Plenary
Powers will be required to validate the spelling oryzae currently in use for this
important species.

Bull zool. Nomencl. Vol. 16, Part 1. December 1957

6 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

2. The problems involved in the present case were first brought to the
attention of the International Commission some forty years ago by the late
Professor Carl Apstein of Berlin in a paper entitled “ Nomina Concervanda ”
(1915, SitzBer. Ges. naturforsch. Freunde Berlin 1915 (No. 5) : 119-202) in
which a long list of names were recommended for conservation in their then
cunently accepted sense, the request submitted in the present case (: 171)
being that the Grain Weevil (Curculio granarius Linnaeus, 1758) should be
declared to be the type species of the genus Calandra (so spelled). The
Commission found itself unable to deal as a single unit with the enormous
number of names brought forward by Professor Apstein but by the Ruling
given in its Opinion 74 (1922, Smithson. misc. Coll. 73 (No. 1) : 32-34) intimated
its willingness to consider any of the names in Professor Apstein’s list “ upon
presentation of reasonably complete evidence’. In the present case no such
application was subsequently submitted. In 1950, however, attention was
again drawn to this case by the communication to the Office of the Commission
by Professor Dr. H. Boschma (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden,
The Netherlands) of a copy of a brief note entitled ‘“‘ Nomina Conservanda of
Coleoptera 1” (1950, Ent. Ber. 13 : 11-13) in which Dr. K. W. Dammerman
of the same Museum had argued in favour of the adoption of the course pre-
viously recommended by Professor Apstein. Neither then nor later, however,
did the late Dr. Dammerman submit an application to the Commission on this
subject. In March 1956 this question arose in a more definite form in a
communication addressed to the Office of the Commission by Mrs. Patricia
Vaurie (The American Museum of Natural History, New York), in which she
argued in favour of the settlement of this case in the opposite sense to that
previously advocated by Professor Apstein and Dr. Dammerman, that is, she
asked that the Commission should give a Ruling that the type species of this
genus for which she used the spelling Calendra—was the Corn Root Weevil,
Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787. It was Mrs. Vaurie’s communication
which led to the investigation described in the present Report.

8. In view of the economic importance of the species involved and the
diametrically opposite opinions held by two large groups of workers as to which
of the above species should be accepted as the type species of this genus, I took
the view, as Secretary to the Commission, that this was a case where a canvass
of opinion among interested specialists and institutions was desirable as a
preliminary to the submission to the Commission of the issues involved. To
this end a questionnaire was issued by the Office of the Commission on 4th May
1956. Full particulars of the individual specialists and institutions so consulted
are given in Appendix 1 to the present Report, in which is given also the names
of certain specialists who were consulted by recipients of the questionnaire
and who later very kindly furnished statements of their views. The grateful
thanks of the Commission are due to all those who co-operated in this pre-
liminary survey of the problems involved in the present case.

4, Although, as has been explained, the major problem calling for decision is
whether the Grain Weevil (granarius) or the Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus)

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 7

should be accepted as the type species of the genus Calandra (or Calendra)
Clairville & Schellenberg, it has been judged convenient to deal first in the
present Report with the question as to which of the above spellings should be
accepted as the Valid Original Spelling for this generic name. This question
is accordingly dealt with in Part 1 of the present Report. Part 2 is devoted
to the question of the species to be accepted as the type species of
the above genus and to a discussion of possible solutions of the prob-
lem so involved. The views on this subject furnished by the consultant
specialists in response to the questionnaire of 4th May 1956 are given
in Appendix 2. Part 3 of the Report is concerned with the problem presented
by the fact that the specific name (abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787) commonly used
for the Corn Root Weevil is invalid as a junior homonym of an older and valid
name for a different species which is also of importance in economic entomology.
The advice furnished by specialists on this subject is given in Appendix 3.
In Part 4 of the Report particulars are given in regard to various miscellaneous
matters involved in the present case which it has been considered could be most
conveniently grouped in this way. In the same Part is discussed the minor
though unpleasant discovery that the specific name oryzae currently used for
the Rice Weevil is not the oldest spelling for that name, it having been originally
published with the spelling oryza. Finally, in Part 5 I have summarised the
principal conclusions which I have reached as the result of the investigations
described in the present Report. In Appendix 4 is given an outline of the action
which would require to be taken if the Commission were to decide to take
action on the lines advocated by the majority of the consultant specialists.

5. In order to simplify the ensuing discussion of the issues involved,
the original references for the names and spellings of names which enter into
the present case (other than those for names which are concerned only as
junior homonyms of names directly affected, as to which see paragraph 40
of the present Report) are given below :—

(1) Generic Names

Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798, Ent. helv. 1 : pl. II
Calandra Fabricius (J. C.), 1801, Syst. Eleuth. 2 : 429
Calandra [Leach], [1815], Edinb. Ency. 9 : 106-109

Calendra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798, Ent. helv. 1 : 62
Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1823, Isis (Oken) 1823 : 1140
Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838, Gen. Spec. Curcul. 4(2) : 967
Sphenophorus Schoenherr, 1838, Gen. Spec. Curcul. 4(2) : 874

(2) Specific Names
abbreviatus, Curculio, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 386
abbreviatus, Curculio, Fabricius (J.C.), 1787, Mantissa Ins. 1 : 99

8 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

brachypterus, Curculio, Gmelin (J.F.), [1790], in Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. 13)
1(4) : 1741

brachypterus, Curculio, Olivier (A.G.), [1790], Ency. méth. 5 (Ins.) : 561

decurtatus, Curculio, Gmelin (J.F.), [1790], in Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. 13)
1(4) : 1747

elegans, Curculio, Fourcroy (A.F.), 1785, Ent. paris. (1) : 118

granarius, Curculio, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 378

oryza, Curculio, Sherborn, 1902, Index Anim., Pars prim. : 702

oryzae, Curculio, Linnaeus, 1763, Amoen. acad. 6 : 395

spengleri, Curculio (an Emendation of sprenglert, Curculio, Linnaeus, 1767)

sprengleri, Curculio, Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) 1(2) : 609

PART 1: QUESTION OF THE RELATIVE STATUS OF THE
SPELLINGS ‘“‘ CALANDRA ”’ AND “ CALENDRA ”’ FOR
THE GENERIC NAME PUBLISHED WITH BOTH
SPELLINGS BY CLAIRVILLE & SCHELLENBERG IN 1798

6. The generic name with which the present Report is primarily concerned
was published by Clairville & Schellenberg with two original spellings, namely:—

(a) The spelling “‘ Calendra ”’

Used six times in the main text and once in the explanation
to the figures

(b) The spelling “‘ Calandra ”’

Not used at all in the text but used on Plate II, the plate on ~
which the Grain Weevil and the Corn Root Weevil were figured.

7. The fact that both the above were original spellings was clearly brought
out by Dammerman (1950 : 11) but that this was the case has not always been
consistently realised, the “‘ Calandra ”’ spelling, for example, being omitted in
Neave’s Nomenclator Zoologicus, where in consequence the “ Calendra ”
spelling appears as the only spelling used by Clairville & Schellenberg. In the
correspondence following upon the issue of the questionnaire of 4th May 1956

a hl ls

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 9

(paragraph 4 above) this question was discussed by Mr. Balfour-Browne and
Dr. Zimmerman in the following interesting passage :—

The spelling of “‘ Calendra ’’ versus “ Calandra ”’

It appears not to be generally realised that Clairville wrote the text of
Entomologie Helvetique, 1798, and that Schellenberg, a naturalist and artist,
prepared most of the plates. Clairville explains this in volume 2 of the work,
where he discusses the co-operative venture in preparing the publication,
and he notes that Schellenberg died, leaving the figures to be completed by his
son and others. Clairville used the spelling Calendra six times in the main text,
and once in the separate explanation of the figures. Clairville published a list
of errata in which spelling errors are corrected on the two pages of the French
text containing Calendra, but there was no change made in the spelling of
Calendra. Had Clairville considered his usage of Calendra incorrect, he would
have made the change in the list of errata.

The only appearance of Calandra in the original work is on the engraved
title of plate If which includes the two species in question. In no place is a
binomial including Calandra to be found. It does not seem possible to ascertain
who was responsible for the name on the plate, but we may assume that it
belongs to Schellenberg who made the original drawing. However, if a different
person engraved the plate, then the spelling Calandra may be the engraver’s
responsibility. We cannot accept the suggestion that the appearance of
Calandra on the plate is an “ emendation ”’,

We conclude that Calendra of Clairville is the original and correct spelling
and that Calandra may be attributed to the artist Schellenberg. Sherborn, the
noted bibliographer and scholar, in his Index Animalium, 1902, lists Calendra
as the correct spelling and Calandra as an error.

Fabricius, in 1801 (Syst. Eleuth. 2 : 429) used Calandra, and others have
followed Fabricius. Illiger, in 1804 (Mag. Insektenkunde 3 : 103), however,
used Calendra and included granaria and palmarum (which are not now regarded
as congeneric). Fabricius did not say that Calendra should be emended to
Calandra, and there appears no way of discovering his reason for using Calandra
instead of Calendra. On etymological grounds we fail to find that Calandra
is more correct than Calendra. We do not agree that the change from Calendra
to Calandra is supported by favourable evidence, and no author has stated that
he was emending the spelling of the name. We favour the conclusion that
Calendra has been derived from the Latin “ calendra ” and “ celendra ” from
“ eylindrus ”’, in reference to the shape of the insects,

8. Prior to the meeting at Copenhagen in 1953 of the Fourteenth
International Congress of Zoology no means existed in the Reégles for determining
what was the correct spelling for a zoological name in those cases where a name
was originally published with more than one spelling. In consequence, it was
only possible for zoologists to treat such cases on the lines of the then-existing
provisions in Article 19 in relation to the emendation of zoological names. In

10 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

such cases therefore zooklogists found themselves embarked upon laborious
discussions of the origin and meaning of the words in question. The situation in
this regard was, however, completely altered by the drastic remodelling of
Article 19 by the Copenhagen Congress, as the result of which the field within
which names might legitimately be emended was severely curtailed. At the
same time express provision was made in the Régles for determining which of
two or more original spellings of a given name should be accepted as the valid
Original Spelling. Under the decision so taken it was provided that, save in
cases where there was clear evidence that one of the original spellings was
the result of an inadvertent error or, where there were more than two original
spellings, all those spellings except one were the result of inadvertent errors “‘ the
Valid Original Spelling is that one of the Original Spellings used by the First
Reviser of the name ” (1953, Copenhagen Decisions zool. Nomencl. : 43—44,
Decision 71(1)(a)(i)).

9. In order to determine which is the Valid Original Spelling of the generic
name with which we are here concerned, it is necessary under the Copenhagen
Decision cited above, first, to ascertain whether the original publication contains
clear evidence that either the spelling Calendra or the spelling Calandra was
the result of an inadvertent error. The information furnished by Mr. Balfour-
Browne and Dr. Zimmerman in the communication quoted in paragraph 7
above shows that in the present case it cannot be claimed that the original
work contains any evidence—still less any clear evidence—that one of the
above spellings is the result of an inadvertent error, for the book in question
contains a ‘“‘ Corrigenda ”’ section in which no reference was made to this name
in either of its spellings. In these circumstances it is necessary now to
ascertain who was the “ First Subsequent User” of this name and what
spelling was used by that author. From the information furnished by Mr.
Balfour-Browne and Dr. Zimmerman we see (i) that the First Subsequent
User of this generic name was Fabricius (J.C.) who so used it in 1801 (reference
as given in paragraph 5 of the present Report) and (ii) that the spelling used
by that author was the “a” spelling “Calandra”. Further, it appears that
the same spelling was employed in the following year (1803, Mag. f. Insektenk.
(Illiger) 3 : 103) by Illiger, in 1810 by Latreille (Consid. gén. Anim. Crust.
Arach. Ins. : 225) and in 1815 by Leach Edinburgh Ency. 9 : 106—109). Thus
it is clear not only that the “a” spelling Calandra was the spelling used by
the First Subsequent User but also that this was the spelling used by leading
specialists in the ensuing period up to the appearance of the great work by
Schoenherr by whom also the “a” spelling was employed. In the light of the
evidence collected on this subject it must be concluded that the definitive
action in this matter was taken by Fabricius when in 1801 he used the “a”
spelling Calandra and therefore that under the Copenhagen Decision quoted
in paragraph 8 above that spelling is to be accepted as the Valid Original
Spelling, the “‘ e ” spelling Calendra thus becoming an Invalid Original Spelling.

10. The present is the first occasion on which the Copenhagen Rule in
regard to the determination of the Valid Original Spelling for a name published

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature ll

with two or more spellings has been applied in the case of the generic name here
under consideration. The result obtained by the application of this Rule
is the opposite of that which might have been expected from the current
literature where the “e ” spelling Calendra is commonly treated as being the
correct spelling, the “a” spelling Calandra being written of as being an
emendation of that name introduced by Leach in 1815. That this should be
the result of applying the Copenhagen Rule does not seem to present any
serious difficulty in the present case, for both spellings are today in common use,
though by different groups of workers, the “e”’ spelling Calendra being in
use in North America and the “a” spelling Calandra in other parts of the
world. Moreover, it seems reasonable to conclude from the available evidence
on the subject of usage (paragraph 11 below) that the decision as to which of
these spellings should be accepted will be settled ultimately not so much in the
light of the Copenhagen Decision discussed above as in that of the view
accepted as to the species to be treated as the type species of the genus in
question. On this latter question reference is directed to paragraph 13 below.

11. On the question of the relative usage of the spellings Calandra and
Calendra two comments of particular interest were received. These were the
following :—

(a) Comment by J. Balfour-Browne and Elwood C. Zimmerman
(extract from a letter dated 25th May 1956)

We have analysed the Review of Applied Entomology (which reviews the
world economic literature) for the last 20 years and find that the name and
spelling Calandra has been used on the largest number of occasions—on about
110 occasions out of about 141 in which the Grain Weevil was mentioned.
On only four occasions were the Corn Root Weevils mentioned, and on each
occasion the name and spelling Calendra was used.

ok ee) ae)

We do not believe, however, that the usage of any name during the past
20 years or more in applied entomology is necessarily the correct usage. Many
names which have been used in literature for long periods of time are used in
error, and the number of times a name appears in literature is no absolute
index to its correctness.

Current usage of Calendra, Calandra, Sitophilus and Sphenophorus :—
Since the Pierce report in 1925, Sitophilus and Calendra have come into general
use in America. In Europe, Calandra has been used by most workers, possibly

12 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

because the Review of Applied Entomology adopted Calandra in editorial policy.
However, the world catalogue of beetles, Junk’s Coleopterorum Catalogus,
uses Sitophilus for the grain weevil and Calandra for the corn root weevils, or
Sphenophorus. Various authors have followed the catalogue. In 1871,
Gemminger and Harold’s world catalogue of Coleoptera used Sphenophorus
for the root weevils, and Calandra is used for the grain weevils. In the Kloet
and Hinck 1945 Check List of British Insects, Sitophilus is used for the grain
weevils. In 1920, the Leng catalogue of American Coleoptera north of Mexico,
used Calendra for the grain weevils and Sphenophorus for the root weevils, but
in the 1927 supplement, Calendra replaces Sphenophorus and Sitophilus replaces
Calendra, following Pierce, 1925. The same usage is given by Blackwelder,
1947, in his catalogue of the Coleoptera of America south of the United States.
Vaurie, who has recently (1951) monographed the American Sphenophorus,
assigns them to Calendra.

(b) Comment by W. J. Hall
(Director, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London)

(extract from a letter dated 29th June 1956)

I feel that the spelling Calandra versus Calendra is of importance if the
Commission adopts the proposed solution (a) or (b).1_ If the Commission adopts
the American proposal (a), it should also rule for the spelling Calendra as this is
the spelling always used by those who use the genus for the Corn Root Weevil.
If, however, the Commission adopts the European proposal (b), it should also
adopt Calandra, as this is the spelling always used by those who use the genus
for the Grain Weevil.

12. The remaining answers to the questionnaire issued in May 1956 did not
throw much light on the question of the relative merits of the spellings Calandra
and Calendra. Of the total of sie specialists who replied to the
questionnaire ree (11) supported the “e” spelling Calendra, eight (8)
supported the ‘‘a” spelling Calandra, one (1) expressed the view that the
decision should hon on whether the Commission approved the American or
European practice as regards this name (see Dr. Hall’s letter reproduced in
paragraph 11(b) above. The eight (8) other specialists expressed no opinion
on this question. The particulars given above cannot be regarded as giving
any significant guidance, for, as anticipated by Dr. Hall in the letter referred to
above, the spelling used for this generic name was in most cases directly
correlated with the view held by the specialist concerned as to the species which
should be accepted as the type species of the genus in question.

1 For the text of the portion of the Questionnaire here referred to see ys 22 of the
present Report.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 13

13. To sum up, it seems reasonable to draw the following conclusions as
regards this part of the subject :—

(a) If the name Calandra or its variant spelling Calendra is to be retained
as the valid name for one or other of the genera of weevils concerned :—

(i) The Valid Original Spelling Calandra should be suppressed under
the Plenary Powers in favour of the spelling Calendra if the
Commission were to decide in favour of accepting Curculio
abbreviatus Fabricius (the Corn Root Weevil) as the type species
of that genus, this being the spelling used by all workers who
accept that species as the type species.

(ii) The Valid Original Spelling Calandra should be retained if the
Commission were to decide in favour of using its Plenary
Powers to designate the Grain Weevil, Curculio granarius
Linnaeus, to be the type species of this genus, this being the
spelling always used by workers who accept that species as the

type species.

(b) If the Commission were to decide in favour of the compromise proposal
discussed in paragraphs 21 and 22 of the present Report, i.e. if it were
to decide in favour of using its Plenary Powers to suppress the above
generic name, thus leaving the names Sphenophorus and Sitophilus
as the names for the two genera of weevils concerned :—

(i) the spelling to be so suppressed should be the Valid Original
Spelling Calandra and that name, so suppressed, should then be
placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic
Names in Zoology ;

(ii) the spelling Calendra, being an Invalid Original Spelling and
therefore under Decision 73(1) of the Copenhagen Congress a
spelling devoid of status in zoological nomenclature, should also
be placed on the foregoing Official Index.

PART 2: THE QUESTION OF THE SPECIES TO BE ACCEPTED
AS THE TYPE SPECIES OF THE GENUS “ CALANDRA”’
CLAIRVILLE & SCHELLENBERG, 1798

14. We come now to the central issue involved in the present case, namely,
the question of the species to be accepted as the type species of the genus
Calandra (Calendra) Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798. Up to the year 1925
authors had for some ninety years followed the dispositions made by Schoenherr
in 1838 and had adopted the generic name Calandra (in the “a” spelling)

i¢ Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

for the Grain Weevil (granarius), placing the Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus)
in the genus Sphenophorus Schoenherr. This arrangement was based on the
assumption that the first valid selection of a type species for the genus Calandra
was that of Curculio granarius Linnaeus made by Leach in 1815 (Edinb. Ency.
9 : 106-109). In 1925, however, Pierce (Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 27 : 113-114)
pointed out that in 1810 (Consid. gén. Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins. : 431, 225)
Latreille had selected the Corn Root Weevil (Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius)
to be the type species of this genus, for the name of which Pierce then adopted
the “‘e”’ spelling Calendra. Pierce took the view that, as this was the first occasion
on which any of the originally included nominal species had been selected as
the type species of Calendra, Latreille’s action was valid and therefore that under
the Régles the Corn Root Weevil was the true type species of this genus.
Pierce accordingly transferred the Corn Root Weevil (Curculio abbreviatus
Fabricius) to the genus Calendra Clairville & Schellenberg, at the same time
sinking the name Sphenophorus Schoenherr, 1838, as a junior objective synonym
of Calendra. The Grain Weevil (Curculio granarius Linnaeus), which was thus
dispossessed of the generic name Calandra (the spelling previously used for this
name), was thereupon placed in the genus Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838, with the
type species of which (Curculio oryzae Linnaeus, 1763)? it was considered to be
congeneric.

15. The drastic overturning of long-established practice implicit in Pierce’s
conclusions inevitably created great confusion at the time. He was, however,
followed by workers in North America and later by Csiki in the influential
Coleopterorum Catalogus published by Junk. At the present time all workers
in North America accept Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as the type
species of this genus and use the “e”’ spelling Calendra for this generic name.

16. On the other hand, workers outside North America rejected Pierce’s
conclusions and still do so, these workers continuing to use the “a”’ spelling
Calandra for this generic name and treating Curculio granarius Linnaeus,
1758, as the type species of the genus so named. The specialists who hold this
view reject as invalid the selection by Latreille (1810) of Curculio abbreviatus
Fabricius as the type species of the genus Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg
and continue to base their treatment of this genus upon the action of Leach
in 1815 in designating Curculio granarius as the type species.

17. Two arguments have been advanced against the acceptance of Latreille’s
(1810) type selection. The first of these arguments never possessed any
validity and can be quickly dismissed. Under this argument it was held that
in the ‘‘ Tableau Méthodique ” annexed to the Considérations générales Latreille
did no more than indicate “ typical’ or representative species for the genera
there enumerated and therefore that the indications so given ought not to be
accepted as constituting valid type selections under Article 30 for the genera

2 As explained in paragraph 36 below, this name was originally published in the defective
spelling “oryza”’.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 15

concerned. If this were a matter which could be debated in isolation, the
argument advanced above might well appear to be strong, but already before
the time of Pierce’s paper this matter had been settled in the opposite sense
by the Ruling given by the Commission in its Opinion 11 (1910, Smithson.
Publ. 1938 : 17-18) which directed that the entries in the “ Tableau Méthodique’
were to be accepted as type selections for the genera concerned. In 1939 the
above Ruling was confirmed and amplified in Opinion 136.

18. The principal argument advanced against the acceptance of Latreille’s
(1810) selection of Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as the type species of
Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg was that, while it was true that those authors
had cited the nominal species Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius as belonging to
their genus Calandra (Calendra), they had in fact misidentified the Fabrician
species. In this connection, for example, Mr. Balfour-Browne and Dr. Zimmer-
man in the statement dated 25th May 1956 (to which reference has already
been made) wrote as follows: ‘“‘Clairville, who included an abbreviatus
ascribed to Fabricius and described and figured it in his work, evidently mis-
identified the species, and it is really striatopunctata Goeze, 1777, according to
some authorities (see Coleopterorum Catalogus).” The argument described
above rests upon the assumption that it is permissible and indeed necessary
in cases of the foregoing kind to take account of the taxonomic ideas believed
to have been held by an author when establishing a nominal genus rather than
to have regard only to the nominal species placed by him in the genus so
established. This is a subject which exercised the minds of zoologists for
many years, Kuropean workers for the most part taking the view described above,
American workers on the other hand holding that stability in nomenclature
would never be obtainable if it were permissible to take account of subjective
taxonomic ideas about the intentions, as contrasted with the published state-
ments of the original authors of particular names and that the only safe pro-
cedure, because the only procedure based upon objective nomenclatorial facts,
was to assume that authors establishing nominal genera—and also authors
selecting type species for previously established nominal genera—correctly
identified the nominal species which they cited. This matter was settled in
1948 by the Thirteenth International Congress of Zoology (1950, Bull. zool.
Nomencl. 4 : 158-159) when it inserted in the Régles a provision based on the
objective standard described above, at the same time making special provision
however for the treatment by the Commission of cases where it could be shown
that a given genus was based upon a misidentified type species and that the
application of the rule described above would lead to a disturbance of current
practice. Wesee therefore that under the foregoing decision it is to be concluded
—unless the Commission were to direct otherwise—(a) that Clairville & Schellen-
berg correctly identified Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius when they placed that
species in their new genus Calandra, (b) that Latreille also correctly identified
that species when he selected it as the type species of Calandra and therefore
(c) that, as Latreille’s selection of that species to be the type species, being the
first type selection to be made for this genus, is valid and that Curculio abbreviatus

16 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Fabricius is, as Pierce argued, the valid type species of Calandra (Calendra)
Claireville & Schellenberg.

19. In view of the economic importance of the species contending for the
place of type species of the genus Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, it was
evident, when this matter was considered in the Office of the Commission
in 1956, that the Commission would need exceptionally full documentation
regarding the wishes of interested specialists before reaching a decision on the
major issue involved, namely, (1) whether the normal provisions of the Régles
should be applied in this case, thus involving the acceptance of the Corn Root
Weevil (Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787) as the type species, or (2) whether
the Plenary Powers should be used to set aside Latreille’s selection of the
above species as type species and in its place to designate the Grain Weevil
(Curculio granarius Linnaeus, 1758) to be the type species of the genus Calandra.
It was for this reason that, as Secretary, I took the view that the best course
would be to take the canvass of interested specialists to which reference has
been made in paragraph 3 of the present Report. It seemed clear also, however,
that while such a canvass would be illuminating as providing an expression of
the views of leading specialists, it would be unlikely to provide the Commission
with any clear guidance as to the action which it was desirable that it should
take, for in view of the deep-seated and long-standing difference of opinion
among specialists as to which of the species discussed above should be accepted
as the type species of the genus Calandra, it was to be expected that the
specialists concerned would naturally advocate the official acceptance of their
own interpretation of the genus Calandra, unless some alternative solution of
a compromise character were at the same time to be placed before them for
consideration.

20. In considering this matter I was greatly impressed by the marked
similarity between the present case and that presented by the generic name
Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758 (Class Aves), which had recently been the subject
of consideration by the International Commission. In that case ornithologists
themselves after fruitless discussions which had lasted for more than sixty
years, took the initiative in proposing a compromise solution based upon a
proposal submitted by Dr. Finn Salomonsen (Copenhagen) to the Tenth
International Ornithological Congress when it met at Uppsala in 1950. The
basis of the solution so recommended was that the Commission should use
its Plenary Powers to suppress the name Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758, on the ground
that owing to the long-standing divergence of practice among ornithologists
this name had become so severely compromised that its continued use could
lead only to further confusion. The second portion of the plan submitted
provided for the recognition for the Grebes of the generic name Podiceps
Latham, 1787 (the name hitherto used for this genus by the European workers)
and for the Divers (or Loons) of the generic name Gavia Forster, 1788 (the name
hitherto used for this group by the American ornithologists). It will be seen
that under this plan both sides were required to give up the name Colymbus,

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 17

but each was able to retain for one of the genera concerned the generic name
which it had been in the habit of using. This proposal was unanimously
approved by the Commission whose decision on this subject has been embodied
in Opinion 491 (1956, Ops. Decls. int. Comm. zool. Nomencl. 18 : 1-64).

21. It seemed to me at the time when the questionnaire regarding the present
case was in preparation that perhaps a compromise solution on the Colymbus
lines might usefully be adopted in the very similar case of the generic name
Calandra. Such a solution, by eliminating the name Calandra altogether,
would avoid the serious confusion which at least for some time would be
inevitable either if the Commission were to give a Ruling that Curculio abbreviatus
Fabricius (the Corn Root Weevil) be accepted as the type species of Calandra
Clairville & Schellenberg or if it were to use its Plenary Powers to designate
Curculio granarius Linnaeus, 1758 (the Grain Weevil) to be the type species
of that genus. Under such a solution the specialists on each side would, as
in the Colymbus case, give up one of the generic names which they had been in
the habit of using, while retaining the other: American specialists would still
be able to use the name Sttophilus Schoenherr for the Grain Weevil (granarius)
but would in future have to use Sphenophorus Schoenherr (instead of Calendra)
for the Corn Root Weevil ; European and other non-American specialists
would still be able to use the name Sphenophorus Schoenherr for the above
species but would in future have to use the name Sttophilus Schoenherr (instead
of Calandra) for the Grain Weevil (granarius). Such a solution would thus
involve some sacrifice on the part of each group of workers. It would, however,
serve two valuable purposes : First, it would put an end to the confusion
arising from conflicting usage of the name Calandra (Calendra) which, as in the
case of the name Colymbus, had been so severely compromised in this way as to
lose any practical value ; second, it would provide the two genera of weevils
concerned with generic names which were well understood and as to the
interpretation of which there was no doubt.

22. For these reasons, I decided when considering the approach to be
made to specialists for advice on the Calandra (Calendra) problem, to include
in the proposed questionnaire a request for views not only as to the relative
acceptability of the Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus) and of the Grain Weevil
(granarius) as the type species of the above genus, but also as to the accept-
ability of the compromise proposal outlined in the immediately preceding
paragraph. Accordingly, in the concluding paragraph of the Questionnaire
issued on 4th May 1956, the specialists to whom it was addressed were asked
first to give particulars of the usage of the name Calandra (Calendra) in recent
years and, second, to express an opinion as to the relative merits of the three
possible solutions of the present case. The text of this second question was as
follows :—

(2) Which of the following solutions of the present case would, in your
opinion, be most likely to remove confusion and to restore stability

18 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

and uniformity in the nomenclature used for the two species of weevil
concerned ?

(a) acceptance of Calendra (so spelled) for the Corn Root Weevil
(abbreviatus) and of Sitophilus for the Grain Weevil (granarius)
(the American practice) ;

(b) adoption of Calandra (so spelled) for the Grain Weevil (granarius)
by the designation by the Commission of that species under its
Plenary Powers to be the type species of the above genus and
acceptance of Sphenophorus for the Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus)
(the European practice) ;

(c) suppression of the name Calandra (Calendra) by the Commission
under its Plenary Powers and adoption of Sphenophorus for the
Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus) and of Sitophilus for the Grain
Weevil (granarius) (the compromise plan now put forward for
consideration).

23. The foregoing questionnaire elicited the views of twenty-eight
specialists. The comments so received may be summarised as follows :—

Summary of replies to Questionnaire

Number of specialists
Solution in favour of Solution
specified in Col. (1)

(1) (2)
Solution (a) (acceptance of Calendra (so spelled) with
the Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus) as type species) 2

Solution (b) (use of the Plenary Powers to designate
the Grain Weevil (granarius) as type species of
Calandra (so spelled))

Solution (c) (suppression of Calandra (Calendra)
under the Plenary Powers and acceptance of
Sphenophorus for the Corn Root Weevil (abbrevi-
atus) and Sitophilus for the Grain Weevil (granar-
ius)) 16

28

* Some of the advocates of this Solution took the view that
the Grain Weevil (granarius) is already the type species of
Calandra and therefore that the use of the Plenary Powers
would not be needed to secure the solution which they favour.

The replies summarised above are given in Parts 1, 2 and 3 of Appendix 2
of the present Report.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 19

24. It will be seen from the particulars given in the preceding paragraph
that the number of specialists who supported the adoption of the compromise
solution represented by the suppression under the Plenary Powers of the name
Calandra (Calendra) and the acceptance of the names Sphenophorus and
Sitophilus for the two genera of weevils concerned exceeded in number the
advocates of the two other solutions when added together.

PART 3: QUESTION OF THE STATUS TO BE ACCORDED TO THE
SPECIFIC NAME “ABBREVIATUS ”’ FABRICIUS, 1787,
AS PUBLISHED IN THE COMBINATION “ CURCULIO
ABBREVIATUS ”’, THE NAME CURRENTLY APPLIED
TO THE CORN ROOT WEEVIL BUT NOW FOUND TO
BE INVALID AS A JUNIOR HOMONYM OF AN OLDER
NAME

25. It is necessary now to consider a new and extremely unfortunate
difficulty which was brought to attention in a letter dated 28th May 1956, in
which Miss Rose Ella Warner (U.S. Department, Agricultural Research Service,
Entomology Research Branch, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.) pointed out that,
although the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the
combination Curculio abbreviatus, is universally used as the specific name for
the Corn Root Weevil, that name is in fact invalid, being a junior homonym
of the same name as published as the name for another species by Linnaeus
in 1758.

26. Where, as in the present case, a well-known and strongly entrenched
specific name is found to be invalid as a junior homonym of some older name,
the practice has been to examine the situation so disclosed from two points of
view, namely :—(a) to consider, in conjunction with interested specialists,
whether it would be practicable for the Commission to use its Plenary Powers
to suppress the senior homonym, thereby validating the specific name in common
use ; (b) if it is found that the senior homonym is itself a name in general use
and therefore that it would be impracticable for the Commission to suppress it,
to ascertain what is the oldest available synonym by which the species at
present known by the name which is invalid as a junior homonym could in
future be known. These problems were investigated immediately upon the
discovery of the difficulty described above.

27. The following specialists were consulted in regard to the foregoing
questions and/or were brought into consultation by specialists who were so
consulted :—

E. M. Hering (Zoologisches Musewm der Humboldt-Universitaét zu Berlin,
Germany)

Sir Guy Marshall (Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London)

20 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Elwood C. Zimmerman (Newton Center, Massachusetts, U.S.A.)
W. J. Hall

E. O. Pearson
R. D. Pope

H. S. Bushell J

J. Balfour-Browne (British Museum (Natural History), London)

(Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London)

Teiso Esaki (Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan)
Eduard Voss (Osnabruck, Germany)

28. From the information received from the foregoing specialists it is clear
that it would be quite impracticable—and wrong—to consider further the
possibility of asking the International Commission to use its Plenary Powers
for the purpose of suppressing the specific name abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758,
as published in the combination Curculio abbreviatus. For the species so named
is a well-known species occurring in the West Indies where its larvae are pests
of sugar cane and other crops. This species is moreover currently regarded as
being—from the taxonomic point of view—the type species of the genus
Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1826, through the subjective synonymisation by special-
ists of its specific name with that of the type species of that genus. (As part
of any comprehensive solution of the present case both the generic name
Diaprepes Schoenherr and the specific name abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, should
be placed on the appropriate Official Lists. In the case of the first of these
names there are, however, certain subsidiary problems calling for consideration.
These are discussed below in paragraphs 38 and 39 of the present Report.)

29. As regards the second of the questions now to be considered, the
following information has been received from the specialist consultants :—

(a) There is a name Curculio elegans Fourcroy, 1785, which by some authors
has been identified as representing the Corn Root Weevil but by
most has been regarded as a nomen dubium. This name is not in use
and clearly stability in nomenclature would be seriously compromised
if at this stage a fresh attempt were to be made to apply it to such an
important species as the Corn Root Weevil. It has, however, two
years’ priority over the name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, and more
over any other name published for that species. It is clear therefore
that, whether the name abbreviatus Fabricius is now to be rejected
or alternatively to be validated by the Commission the name elegans
Fourcroy, 1785, should be deprived of further power to cause mischief
by being suppressed for the purposes of the Law of Priority.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 21

(b) The next name to be considered is Curculio decurtatus Gmelin, [1790].
This name is a direct nom. nov. for Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius,
1787. It is an available name in the sense that itis not a junior
homonym of any older name.

(c) In the same work as that in which the specific name decurtatus was first
published but on an earlier page Gmelin published a description of a
nominal species, to which he applied the name Curculio brachypterus.
This name is not in use, being regarded by specialists as a junior
subjective synonym of Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787. So far
as I have been able to ascertain, no First Reviser selection as between
the specific names decurtatus Gmelin and brachypterus Gmelin as
being names published in the same work and on the same date, has ever
been made, no doubt because till now both names have been discarded
as junior synonyms of abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787. In view of the fact
that that name, unless validated by the Commission, will have
to be abandoned, the question of the relative precedence to be accorded
to the specific names decurtatus Gmelin, [1790], and brachypterus
Gmelin, [1790] becomes one of practical importance, for one or other
of these names would then become the oldest specific name for the
Corn Root Weevil. The first of these names possesses obvious
advantages over the second, because it represents a taxon objectively
identical with abbreviatus Fabricius (having been proposed as a nom.
nov. for that name), whereas the name brachypterus Gmelin represents
a taxon which is only subjectively identified with abbreviatus
Fabricius. Accordingly, in order to dispose of this minor problem, I
take this opportunity, as First Reviser, to select under the procedure
prescribed by the Copenhagen Congress (1953, Copenhagen Decisions
zool. Nomencl. : 66, Decision 123) the name Curculio decurtatus
Gmelin, [1790], to take precedence over the name Curculio
brachypterus Gmelin, [1790], these being names published in the
same book and on the same date.

(d) Finally, it must be noted that the name Curculio brachypterus is some-
times cited as having first been published by Olivier (A.G.) in Volume 5
of the Ency. méth. This, however, is incorrect, for Olivier cited the
reference to Gmelin and clearly used this name not as a new name of
his own but as a name already published by Gmelin.

30. Of the nine specialists who have commented on this part of the present
case seven have expressed the view that in the exceptional circumstances and
having regard to the economic importance of the species involved (the Corn
Root Weevil), the proper course would be to validate the specific name
abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the combination Curculio
abbreviatus for the above species without at the same time invalidating its
senior homonym abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the same combina-
tion. The specialists who have offered this advice are, in the order in which

22 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

they communicated their views to the Office of the Commission, the following :
E. M. Hering ; Sir Guy Marshall; W. J. Hall; E. O. Pearson; R. D. Pope ;
H. 8. Bushell; E. Voss. The two other specialists who offered advice on this
subject (J. Balfour-Browne ; E. C. Zimmermann) originally took the same view
but later indicated that on balance they considered that it would be better to
apply the normal provisions of the Régles in this case by rejecting the specific
name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, and in future applying to the Corn Root
Weevil the specific name decurtatus Gmelin, [1790], as published in the combina-
tion Curculio decurtatus. The communications received in regard to this matter
are reproduced in Appendix 3 to the present Report.

31. It will be seen from the documents referred to above that there is
virtual unanimity among the consultant specialists that in view of the economic
importance of the Corn Root Weevil, the course which it is desirable that the
International Commission should take is that it should use its Plenary Powers
to validate the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the
combination Curculio abbreviatus, for use for the Corn Root Weevil, without
those Powers being used at the same time to suppress the senior homonym
abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the same combination, the valid
name for the West India Sugar Cane Weevil. It is recognised that such a
use of the Plenary Powers would be somewhat unusual, but in view of the fact
that the Corn Root Weevil is currently placed by all specialists either in the
genus Calendra (so spelled) or in the genus Sphenophorus, while the West
India Sugar Cane Weevil is accepted as the type species of the genus Diaprepes,
no serious risk of confusion would be involved if these two homonyms
(abbreviatus Fabricius and abbreviatus Linnaeus) were both to become valid
names. Such action would certainly fall within the ambit of the Plenary
Powers, those Powers having been granted to the Commission by the
International Congresses of Zoology without reservation as to their scope.

PART 4: CERTAIN MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS

32. The present Part is concerned with four miscellaneous matters which
require to be considered in connection with the present case. These are:
(a) the family-group-name problems arising in connection with the generic
name Calandra (and its variant spelling Calendra); (b) the question of the
correct spelling of the specific name of the type species of the genus Sitophilus
Schoenherr, 1838 ; (c) certain problems which have come to light in connection
with the specific name of the type species of the genus Diaprepes Schoenherr,
1826; (d) the names which under the “ Completeness-of-Opinions ”’ Rule
will require to be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic
Names in Zoology by reason of being junior homonyms of names directly
involved in the present case.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 23
(a) Family-Group-Name Problems

33. The generic name published by Clairville & Schellenberg both as
Calandra and as Calendra has been taken as a base for a family-group name
in both these spellings. The original references are as follows :—

CALANDRIDES Schoenherr, 1837, Gen. Spec. Curcul. 4(2) : 790
CALENDRINAE Leng (C.W.), 1920, Cat. Col. Amer. N. of Mexico : 335

34, The situation which will arise at the family-group-name level will
depend upon the nature of the decision taken by the Commission at the generic-
name level. If the Commission decides in favour of using its Plenary Powers
to suppress the generic name Calandra (and consequently also its variant
Calendra), i.e., if it approves the plan which, as explained in paragraph 23
above, has obtained more support than the two other plans added together, the
family-group name based on the above generic name would be automatically
suppressed also under the provisions of Declaration 20 (1955, Ops. Decls.
int. Comm. zool. Nomencl. 10 : i—viii). If, however, the Commission were to
accept the generic name Calandra, the valid name for the tribe based upon this
generic name would be CALANDRINI (correction of CALANDRIDES) Schoenherr,
1837. If, in addition, the Commission were to use its Plenary Powers to
validate the Invalid Original Spelling Calendra, the spelling of the tribe name
would follow suit, that name becoming CALENDRINI (correction of CALANDRIDES)
Schoenherr, 1837. The reason why in either case the name would be attributable
to Schoenherr (1837) is that the name caLANDRIDES Schoenherr is the first name
based upon the generic name Calandra to have been published and, as all names
for taxa of the family-group are co-ordinate with one another, the oldest such
name is the valid name, irrespective of the category in the family-group for
which it was originally published or for which it is later employed.

(b) The question of the correct spelling of the specific name
of the Rice Weevil

35. The genus Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838, in which (as explained in
paragraph 14 above) the Grain Weevil (Curculio granarius Linnaeus, 1758)
is placed by specialists in North America, has as its type species the Rice
Weevil by original designation by Schoenherr. This species was cited by
Schoenherr under the name Curculio oryzae Linnaeus. It is by the specific
name oryzae that this species is now universally known.

36. In the course of the checking of the original references for the names
involved in the present Report it was found that Sherborn did not cite any
species having the name Curculio oryzae but that he did cite a species under the
name Curculio oryza Linnaeus, 1763 (Sherborn, 1902, Index Anim., Pars
prim. : 702). The reference given for this name was page 395 of volume 6 of

24 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

the first edition of the Amoenitates Academicae published in 1763, where, as
stated by Sherborn, this specific name did appear in the grammatically defective
form “oryzae”. That this was a lapsus calami or a misprint was recognised by
Fabricius (J.C.) (Syst. Hnt.: 134), who spelled the name as “ oryzae” and
actually attributed that spelling to Linnaeus. Further in the second edition
of the Amoenitates (6 : 395) published in 1789 the mistake committed in the
first edition was corrected and the name was spelled in the correct way as
“ oryzae’’. (It may be noted that in the second edition the letters “‘a”’ and
“e”’ at the end of this word were printed as a digraph of so feebly constructed a
type that the loop indicating the “e”’ portion was barely distinguishable as
such, the digraph having the appearance superficially of a badly constructed
letter ‘‘a’”’.)

37. After a continuous usage of the correct spelling “ oryzae’”’ for nearly
two hundred years it would clearly be the height of pedantry—as well as
being wholly contrary to the precept laid down in the Preamble of the Régles
that stability in nomenclature be ensued—if that spelling were now to be
abandoned in favour of the noménclatorially valid but grammatically incorrect
spelling “‘oryza’’. Up to 1953 the emendation of the spelling ‘ oryza”’ to
“ oryzae’? could have been effected direct under Article 19 of the Régles but
under the restrictions inserted in that Article by the Copenhagen Congress, it
will be necessary for the Commission to use its Plenary Powers in order to
validate the correct spelling ‘“‘ oryzae’? and to prevent the disturbance in
established practice which would otherwise be inevitable.

(ec) The specific name for the type species of the genus
** Diaprepes ’’ Schoenherr, 1826

38. The point which has here to be considered is the spelling of the specific
name for the type species of the genus Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1826, a name
which, as explained in paragraph 28 of the present Report, enters into the
present case by reason of the fact that its type species is currently identified
with the nominal species Curculio abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758. The name of
the nominal species which (by original designation by Schoenherr) is the
actual type species of the genus Diaprepes Schoenherr is Curculio spengleri
Linnaeus, 1767. The point which has here to be noted is that this specific
name, although intended to give honour to the naturalist L. Spengler, appeared
in the defective form “ sprengleri”’, when first published by Linnaeus. Since
Spengler’s name (correctly spelled) was cited by Linnaeus in his description of
this nominal species, it is evident that the spelling “ sprengleri ”’ was either a
lapsus calami on the part of Linnaeus or was the result of a printers’ error. It
has been recognised as such by all subsequent workers by whom the spelling
of this name has been amended to spengleri in accordance with the obvious
intention of Linnaeus. From the particulars given above it will be seen that

this is a case which falls within the scope of Article 19 of the Régles even in the

EE

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 25

restricted form adopted for that Article by the Copenhagen Congress (1953,
Copenhagen Decisions zool. Nomencl. : 43—45, Decision 71), and therefore that
the emendation of the defective spelling “ sprengleri”’ to the correct form
** spengleri ’’ is permissible and indeed obligatory.

39. I accordingly recommend that, when, as part of the settlement of the
present case, the generic name Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1826, is placed on the
Official List of Generic Names in Zoology, its type species should be cited not as
Curculio sprengleri Linnaeus, 1767, but as Curculio spengleri (emend. of
sprengleri) Linnaeus, 1767. This specific name, being a junior subjective
synonym of abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination
Curculio abbreviatus, is not itself eligible for admission to the Official List of
Specific Names in Zoology, it being the specific name abbreviatus Linnaeus
which will require to be entered on that List. The Invalid Original Spelling
sprengleri Linnaeus, 1767, as published in the combination Curculio
sprengleri, should, however, be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and
Invalid Specific Names in Zoology.

(d) Proposed addition of certain junior homonyms to the “ Official
Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology ”’

40. Under the “‘ Completeness-of-Opinions ” Rule it is necessary to take
account at this point of any generic names which by reason of being junior
homonyms of generic names directly involved in the present case are objectively
invalid. One of the names concerned (Calandra Bartram, 1791) has already
been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in
Zoology (by the Ruling given in Opinion 447). The remaining names, which
should also now be placed on the Official Index, are the following :—

(a) Junior homonyms of “ Calandra ”’ Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798
(i) Calandra Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse Nature : 68

(ii) Calandra Oken, 1817, Isis (Oken) 1817 : 1184

(iii) Calandra Brookes, 1830, Mus. Brookes : 93

(iv) Calandra Lesson, 1837, Compl. Buffon 8 : 120

(v) Calandra Gistl, 1848, Nat. Thierr. : 136

(b) Junior homonyms of ‘‘ Sphenophorus ”’ Schoenherr, 1838

(vi) Sphenophorus Newberry, 1890, Monogr. U.S. geol. Surv. 16 : 91
(vii) Sphenophorus Breitfuss, 1898, Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. (8) 6 : 4, 5,

?

26 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

PART 5 : SUMMARY AND GENERAL CONCLUSION

41. Before setting out the conclusions which I have reached as the result of
the investigations described in the present Report, I should explain
(a) that, although (as noted in paragraph 2 of the present Report)
the late Dr. Dammerman communicated to the Office of the Commission
a copy of a paper which he had published on this subject advocating
the acceptance of Curculio granarius Linnaeus, 1758 (the Grain Weevil) as the
type species of the genus Calandra Clairville, neither he nor any later specialist
has submitted an application to the Commission for a Ruling in the above
sense. In the case of the opposing view, namely that the Commission should
give a Ruling that Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787 (The Corn Root Weevil)
should be accepted as the type species of the above genus and that the spelling
to be accepted should be Calendra and not Calandra, an application was
(as explained in the paragraph cited above) submitted in 1955 by Mrs. Patricia
Vaurie. That application has since, however, been withdrawn by Mrs. Vaurie
in favour of the Compromise Plan indicated in Point (2)(c) of the Questionnaire

issued on 4th May 1956 (paragraph 22 above), i.e. the suppression of the generic -

name Calandra (or Calendra) under the Plenary Powers and the acceptance
of the generic names Sitophilus Schoenherr and Sphenophorus Schoenherr
respectively for the species referred to above. Thus at the present time there
is no proposal before the Commission in favour of either of the courses which
originally held the field and the ground is clear for the consideration of
the foregoing problems in the light of the present Report and of the comments
by specialists on which it is based.

SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL ISSUES INVOLVED AND GENERAL
CONCLUSIONS

(a) Summary of Principal Issues Involved

42. The conclusions which I have reached on the basis of the investigations
described in the present Report and which are now submitted to the Inter-
national Commission for consideration may be summarised as follows :—

(i) The rival spellings ‘ Calandra ’’ and “ Calendra ”’

(1) In 1798, Clairville & Schellenberg established a nominal genus, the name
of which was spelled as Calendra (in the text and in the explanation
of the figures) and as Calandra (on the relevant plate) (paragraph 6),

(2) Under the decisions taken by the Copenhagen Congress (1953, Copenhagen
Decisions zool. Nomencl. : 43-44, Decision 71(1)(a)(i)) both the spelling
Calendra and the spelling Calandra rank as Original Spellings and the
question as to which should be accepted as the Valid Original Spelling
is subject to the following Rules :—

(i) If the text contains clear evidence that one of the spellings was
the result of an inadvertent error, the other spelling is the
Valid Original Spelling.

—-

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 27

(ii) If there is no clear evidence on the above subject, the Valid Original
Spelling is whichever of the spellings concerned was used by the
“First Subsequent User of the name” (paragraph 8).

(3) The text of Clairville & Schellenberg’s work contains a Corrigendum
page on which various mistakes in the main text are corrected but
this page contains no reference to the rival spellings Calendra and
Calandra. Accordingly, it cannot be held that there is clear evidence
that one of these spellings is an inadvertent error for the other

(paragraph 9).

(4) In view of (3) above, the question as to which of the above spellings
is to be accepted under the Copenhagen Rule is a matter to be decided
by the usage adopted by the First Subsequent User of the name.
The First Subsequent User was Fabricius (J.C.) (1801) who used the
spelling Calandra (paragraph 9).

(5) Accordingly under the Régles the spelling Calandra is the Valid Original
Spelling and the spelling Calendra is an Invalid Original Spelling

(paragraph 9).

(6) Up to 1925 the spelling Calandra was in very general use but since then
the spelling Calendra has been the spelling used by those specialists
who have accepted the Corn Root Weevil (Curculio abbreviatus
Fabricius, 1787) as the type species of this genus, while the spelling
Calandra has been used by those specialists who have continued to
accept the Grain Weevil (Curculio granarius Linnaeus, 1758) as the
type species. Thus the spelling Calendra has been used by all
specialists in North America and the spelling Calandra by specialists
in Europe and elsewhere outside North America (paragraphs 11—12).

(7) If the above generic name is to be retained—a question which is discussed
in (19) and (20) below—it seems reasonable to conclude that the
spelling to be adopted—whether the spelling Calendra or the spelling
Calandra—should depend upon whether, in the former case Curculio
abbreviatus Fabricius or, in the second case, the species Curculio
granarius Linnaeus is accepted as the type species, this being the
only solution which, so far as the spelling of this generic name is
concerned, would be in harmony with the usage of a large and
important group of specialists (paragraph 13).

(ii) The question of the species to be accepted under the
** Régles ’’ as the type species of the genus
* Calandra ’”’ Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798

(8) Up to the year 1925 the nominal species Curculio granarius Linnaeus,
1758 (the Grain Weevil) was—following the dispositions made by
Schoenherr some ninety years earlier—accepted by all workers as

28

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

the type species of the genus Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798.
From the standpoint of Article 30 of the Régles this involves the
assumption that the above species was the first of the originally
included species to have been validly selected under Rule (g) in the
above Article to be the type species of this genus. The author by
whom Curculio granarius Linnaeus was first selected as the type
species of this genus was Leach who so selected it in 1815 (para-
graph 14).

(9) In 1925 Pierce drew attention to the fact that five years before the

action by Leach described above Latreille (1810) had selected Curculio
abbreviatus Fabricius to be the type species of the genus Calandra.
Pierce accordingly transferred the above species to the genus Calandra
(for which he adopted the spelling Calendra). Under this arrangement
the name Sphenophorus Schoenherr, 1838, in which genus till then the
Corn Root Weevil had been placed was sunk as a junior objective
synonym of Calendra, and the Grain Weevil (Curculio granarius
Linnaeus) which had thus been deprived of the name Calandra was
placed in the genus Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838 (paragraph 14).

(10) Pierce’s conclusions won general support in North America, but were

strongly resisted by specialists in Europe and elsewhere. These
differences of opinion have endured to this day and in consequence
there is at present a complete lack of universality in the use of the
generic name Calandra (Calendra) (paragraphs 15 and 16).

(11) The validity of Latreille’s type selection of 1810 upon which Pierce’s

argument depends has been impugned on two grounds, namely :
(i) that the Considérations générales (the work by Latreille in question)
cannot properly be accepted as one in which valid selections of type
species for genera were made ; and (ii) that, even if the above work
can be accepted for the above purpose, the selection in it of Curculio
abbreviatus Fabricius as the type species of Calandra Clairville &
Schellenberg is invalid, because those authors misidentified the
Fabrician species when they placed it in their new genus (paragraphs
17 and 18).

(12) The argument that the Considérations générales is not a work which

can be accepted as containing valid type selections is invalid, the
International Commission in its Opinion 11 (published in 1910) having
ruled that the above work is to be accepted for the above purpose.
This decision was clarified and re-affirmed by the Commission in its
Opinion 136 (published in 1939) (paragraph 17).

(13) From the evidence received there appears to be agreement at least by

many specialists that, although Clairville & Schellenberg definitely
cited the nominal species Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius as belonging
to their new genus, they misidentified that species, describing and
figuring under that name a different species (identified as being

‘
ee a a ee a a

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 29

Curculio striatopunctata Goeze, 1777, in the Coleopterorum Catalogus
of Junk) (paragraph 18).

(14) The question of the species to be accepted as the type species of a genus
considered by later workers to have been based upon a misidentified
type species was for many years a cause of confusion and difficulty.
In general, there were two schools of thought in this matter : (i) Many
workers outside North America took the view that in such a case the
proper course was to accept as the type species of such a genus the
species which the original author was believed to have intended to
refer to ; (ii) most workers in North America and, as the years went
by, @ growing number elsewhere took the view that no stability
could ever be achieved in nomenclature if it were permissible for later
authors to interpret a previously established nominal genus in the
light of their subjective taxonomic ideas as to the intentions of the
original author. This latter group of specialists held therefore that the
only proper standard in such a case was the name cited by the original
author for the species concerned. These views were in general held
both as regards genera, the type species of which were determined
either by original designation or monotypy and as regards genera,
the type species of which were determined by subsequent selection.
In this latter class of case, however, specialists occasionally took the
view—the European specialists did in the present case—that the
selection as the type species of a genus of a species believed by them
to have been misidentified by the original author of the generic name
in question was invalid and should be rejected (paragraph 18).

(15) The problem involved in cases where later authors believed that as the
type species of a genus had been based (by original designation, by
“indication ” or by subsequent selection) upon a misidentified species
was set at rest by the Thirteenth International Congress of Zoology,
Paris, 1948 when it decided to insert in the Régles a provision : (i)
directing that the author of a nominal genus is to be assumed correctly
to have identified the nominal species placed by him in it and also
that a subsequent author when selecting one of those species to be
the type species is to be assumed to have correctly identified the
species which he so selected ; and (ii) establishing a procedure under
which, on the submission of an application by specialists in any such
case, it became the duty of the International Commission to vary
the type species of the genus in question if it could be shown that
otherwise existing nomenclatorial practice would be disturbed (para-
graph 18).

(16) It will be seen from (14) and (15) above that neither of the arguments
advanced against the acceptance of Latreille’s (1810) selection of
Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius (the Corn Root Weevil) as the type
species of Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg possesses any validity

30

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

under the Régles and therefore that that selection, as being the first
selection of an originally included nominal species to have been made
by any author subsequent to the establishment of the above genus
is a valid selection. As matters stand, therefore, the nominal species
Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius is the valid type species of the genus
Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg (paragraph 18).

(17) The question next to be considered is whether the Commission (i) should
give a Ruling that under the Régles the type species of Calandra
Clairville & Schellenberg is Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, at the
same time using its Plenary Powers to validate the spelling Calendra
(the spelling which, as explained in (7) above, is the spelling always
used by specialists who accept the above species as the type species),
or (ii) should use its Plenary Powers to designate Curculio granarius
Linnaeus (the Grain Weevil) to be the type species, in that case
retaining the spelling Calandra (that being the spelling always used
by specialists who accept the Grain Weevil as the type species of this
genus) (paragraph 19).

(18) In view of the economic importance of the two species of weevil involved
in this case it appeared desirable that a preliminary canvass of opinion
among interested specialists should be held as to the solution which
should be adopted before the present case was actually placed before
the Commission (paragraph 19).

(19) The difference in practice in regard to the use of the generic name
Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg which had grown up during the
last thirty years was so deepseated and the division of opinion on
this matter between specialists in the Old World and the New World
respectively so sharply marked as to make the present case very similar
to that presented by the generic name Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758
(Class Aves), as regards which the Commission (in Opinion 401) had
recently taken the view that the name Colymbus was so completely
compromised by discordant usage as to have lost its practical utility.
The Commission had in consequence suppressed the generic name
Colymbus Linnaeus under the Plenary Powers, thus providing two well-
understood generic names (Podiceps and Gavia) for the two genera
to which in the New World and the Old World respectively the name
Colymbus had for so long been applied (paragraphs 20 and 21).
Accordingly, it was decided to include in the questionnaire referred
to in (18) above not only a question as to whether it was desirable
that Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius or alternatively Curculio granarius
Linnaeus should be accepted as the type species of Calandra Clairville
& Schellenberg but also the question whether a better solution would
be one under which the Commission would use its Plenary Powers to

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31

suppress the above generic name, thereby making available for the
two species of weevil concerned the well-understood generic names
Sphenophorus Schoenherr and Sitophilus Schoenherr respectively.
A questionnaire setting out the above questions was issued to a large
group of specialists on 4th May 1956 (paragraph 22).

(20) The replies received to the questionnaire of 4th May 1956 showed
a clear majority in favour of the Compromise ‘“‘ Colymbus ” Plan under
which the name Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg would be suppressed
in favour of the names Sphenophorus and Sitophilus respectively. Of
the twenty-eight specialists who replied to the questionnaire, sixteen
(16) favoured the Compromise Plan, twelve (12) favoured the retention
of the generic name Calandra or Calendra. This latter group was,
however, divided within itself, ten (10) advocating the validation of
the European practice (acceptance of Curculio granarius Linnaeus
as type species) and two (2) advocating the American practice
(acceptance of Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius as type species). The
smallness of the number of specialists advocating the acceptance of the
current American practice is attributable to the fact that all except
one of the American specialists gave their support for the Compromise
Plan (paragraphs 23 and 24).

(iii) The question of the status to be accorded to the invalid specific
name “ abbreviatus ’’ Fabricius, 1787, as published in the
combination “Curculio abbreviatus’’, the name
universally applied to the Corn Root Weevil

(21) The specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the com-
bination Curculio abbreviatus, is the specific name universally applied
to the Corn Root Weevil. That name is, however, invalid, as it is
a junior homonym of the specific name abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758,
as published in the combination Curculio abbreviatus (paragraph 25).

(22) Where a well-known specific name (such as abbreviatus Fabricius) is
found to be invalid, as a junior homonym of some older name the
normal practice of the International Commission is to validate that
name by suppressing the senior homonym whenever that name is
one which is not currently in use. Where, however, such a solution
is impracticable, the normal practice of the Commission is to accept
for the species concerned the oldest available—or the best known—
of the available names of later date bestowed upon the species in
question by later authors (paragraph 26). On the discovery of the
unfortunate situation disclosed in (21) above the advice of specialists
was sought as to the action which it was desirable that the Commission
should take in this matter (paragraph 27).

32 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

(23) From the information obtained it is quite clear that it would be out of
the question for the Commission to suppress the specific name
abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Curculio
abbreviatus, for that name is the valid name of, and is currently used
for, another important economic insect, the West Indian Sugar Cane
Weevil (paragraph 28).

(24) Turning to the question of the various names which have been bestowed
on the Corn Root Weevil, we find that the first name to be considered
is the name elegans Fourcroy, 1785, as published in the combination
Curculio elegans. This name, which has two years’ priority over the
name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, has been treated by some authors
in the past as representing the same species as that named by
Fabricius. It is not, however, in use, being now regarded as a nomen
dubium. For the above reason the name elegans Fourcroy would
be a most unsuitable name to use for so well-known an economic
species as the Corn Root Weevil. It is desirable that to prevent
any danger arising from attempts to introduce this name, it should
now be suppressed by the Commission under the Plenary Powers

(paragraph 29(a)).

(25) The next two names for the Corn Root Weevil were published by
Gmelin in 1790 in the same book and on the same date. These
names are: (i) Curculio brachypterus (: 1741) (which has priority over
the same name as published by Olivier in the same year) ; (ii) Curculio
decurtatus (: 1747). The name brachypterus Gmelin, which, it will be
noted has page precedence over the name decurtatus Gmelin, is only a
junior subjective synonym of Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787,
while the name Curculio decurtatus Gmelin is a junior objective
synonym of that name, having been published as a nom. nov. for it.
Clearly, if it were necessary to give up the use of the name
abbreviatus Fabricius for the Corn Root Weevil ,the objective synonym
decurtatus Gmelin would be greatly preferable to the subjective
synonym brachypterus Gmelin. No First Reviser choice appears to
have been made as to the relative precedence to be accorded to these
two names published in the same book and on the same date, and
accordingly in the present Report such a choice is made in favour of
Curculio decurtatus Gmelin (paragraph 29(b) to (d)).

(26) On the question of the action which it is desirable that the International
Commission should take in regard to the specific name to be employed
for the Corn Root Weevil views have been expressed by nine (9)
specialists in response to the request for advice issued as explained
in (22) above. Of these specialists seven (7)—i.e. all except
two—favour the use by the International Commission of its Plenary
Powers to validate the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 33

published in the combination Curculio abbreviatus, for use for the
Corn Root Weevil, without those Powers being used at the same time
to suppress the senior homonym abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as
published in the same combination, the valid name for the West
India Sugar Cane Weevil (paragraph 30). It is recognised that such
a use of the Plenary Powers would be somewhat unusual, but in view
of the fact that the Corn Root Weevil is cutrently placed by all
specialists either in the genus Calendra (so spelled) or in the genus
Sphenophorus, while the West India Sugar Cane Weevil is accepted
as the type species of the genus Diaprepes, no serious risk of confusion
would be involved if these two homonyms (abbreviatus Fabricius
and abbreviatus Linnaeus) were both to become valid names. Such
action would certainly fall within the ambit of the Plenary Powers,
those Powers having been granted to the Commission by the
International Congresses of Zoology without reservation as to their
scope (paragraph 31).

(b) General Conclusions

43. As the result of the investigations described in the present Report the
general conclusions which I have reached are that stability and universality in
nomenclatorial practice would be most likely to be restored in this case if the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature were to decide in favour
of the majority view expressed by the representative specialists who have been
consulted, that is, if it were to use its Plenary Powers :—

(1) to suppress the generic name “ Calandra ’’ Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798
thereby making (a) the generic name “ Sphenophorus ’’ Schoenheer,
1838, the oldest available generic name for the Corn Root Weevil
( Cureculio abbreviatus ’’ Fabricius, 1787) and (b) the generic name
** Sitophilus ’’ Schoenherr, 1838, the oldest available name for the Grain
Weevil (“ Curculio granarius ’’ Linnaeus, 1758) ;

(2) as a special case in view of the economic importance of the Corn Root
Weevil, to validate for that species the specific name “‘ abbreviatus ”’
Fabricius, 1787, as published in the combination “ Curculio
abbreviatus ’’, without at the same time invalidating its senior homonym
** abbreviatus ’’ Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the same combination,
the name of the West India Sugar Cane Weevil.

44. Annexed to the present Report as Appendix 4 are particulars of the
detailed action which would require to be taken by the International Commission
if it were to decide in favour of the adoption of the general conclusions set out
above.

34 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

APPENDIX 1
THE “ CALANDRA/CALENDRA ”? PROBLEM
Specialists to whom the Questionnaire of 4th May 1956 was addressed

Taskhir Ahmad (Department of Plant Protection, Karachi, Pakistan)

S. W. Bailey (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Canberra, Australia)

J. Balfour-Browne (British Museum (Natural History), London)
H. Boschma (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands)

G. A. Brett (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Surbiton, Surrey)

T. G. Campbell (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Canberra, Australia)

P. B. Carne (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Canberra, Australia)

Director, Plant Pathology Laboratory (Harpenden, Hertfordshire)

T. Esaki (Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan)

R. G. Fennah (The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad, B.W.1.)
J. A. Freeman (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Surbiton, Surrey)

F. J. Gay (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Canberra, Australia)

R. Glen (Entomology Division, Canadian Department of Agriculture, Ottawa,
Canada)

G. Grandi (Istituto di Entomologia della Université degli Studi di Bologna, Italy)
W. J. Hall (Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London)
E. Handschin (Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland)

G. V. B. Herford (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pest
Infestation Laboratory, Slough, Bucks, England)

H. Kemper (Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Angewandte Entomologie, Berlin, Germany)

T. W. Kirkpatrick (The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad,
B.W.1.)

K. H. L. Key (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Canberra, Australia)

K. B. Lal (Government of India Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Directorate
of Plant Quarantine, New Delhi, India)

vag APRA RG:

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 35

Sir Guy Marshall (British Museum (Natural History), London)
D. Miller (Entomological Research Station, New Zealand)

T. J. Naudé (South African Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology,
Pretoria, South Africa)

A. J. Nicholson (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
Canberra, Australia)

P. W. Oman (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Entomology Research Branch, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville,
Maryland, U.S.A.)

N. D. Riley (British Museum (Natural History), London)
H. Sachtleben (Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin, Germany)

B. N. Schwanwitsch (Entomological Laboratory, University of Leningrad,
Leningrad, U.S.S.R.)

H. Strouhal (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria)

Mrs. Patricia Vaurie (The American Museum of Natural History, New York,
N.Y., U.S.A.)

E. Voss (Osnabriick, Germany)

Miss Rose E. Warner (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, Entomology Research Branch, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.)

F. Zacher (Berlin, Germany)

Elwood C. Zimmerman (Newton Center, Massachusetts, U.S.A., at that time as of
the British Museum (Natural History), London).

APPENDIX 2

VIEWS OF SPECIALISTS ON THREE POSSIBLE PLANS FOR
SETTLING THE “CALANDRA” (“CALENDRA’’) PROBLEM

Part 1 : Support for the application of the normal provisions of the
** Régles ’? and therefore for the acceptance of “‘ Curculio
abbreviatus ’’ Fabricius, 1787, as the type species of
* Calendra ’’ [sic] Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798

1. T. W. Kirkpatrick (Trinidad) (14th May 1956)

I do not think there is much to choose. I incline slightly to solution (a).
What is important is that, whichever solution is adopted, it should be widely
publicised so as to reach all economic entomologists, not only systematists.

36 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

2. Miss R. S. Warner (Washington, U.S.A.) (28th May 1956)

I cannot see where the retaining of the name Calendra for the Corn Root
Weevil could cause any unnecessary confusion, as Calendra and Sphenophorus
are well-known names, both having almost equal usage. So why not use the
original and correct name Calendra for the Corn Root Weevil, to which it
rightly belongs and for which it was originally intended. The rules of nomen-
clature are becoming quite flexible and if their aim is for securing greater
stability in nomenclature it, unfortunately, will not be achieved if the rules
are to be continually subject to change for various and sundry reasons. There-
fore, following the International Rules for Nomenclature, a course more conducive
to preventing confusion and promoting a stable and universally accepted
nomenclature, I am in favour of solution (a), of acceptance of Calendra for the
Corn Root Weevil and of Sitophilus for the Grain Weevil.

Part 2: Support for the use of the Plenary Powers to designate
“ Curculio granarius ’’ Linnaeus, 1758, to be the type species
of * Calandra ”’ Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798

1. Sir Guy Marshall (London) (13th May 1956)

The persistent improper use of Sitophilus in the United States has given
rise to all the trouble. I have therefore no hesitation in saying that the wisest
course would be to adopt Section 10(2)(b) of the Secretary’s memorandum—
except that Calendra should be written correctly as Calandra—so that granaria
should be the type species of Calandra and abbreviatus the type species of
Sphenophorus, both Calendra and Sitophilus being rejected.

2. H. Kemper (Berlin) (30th May 1956)

Uber den Inhalt Ihres gefl. Schreibens habe ich mit mehreren Kollegen
gesprochen. In Anlage finden Sie die Stellungnahme des am Kornkifer
besonders interessierten Instituts fiir Vorratsschutz der Biologischen Bundes-
anstalt f. Land- und Fortswirtschaft ; Berlin-Dahlem.

Die Gesellschaft fiir angewandte Entomologie teilt die dort wiedergegebene
Auffassung.

Es wird die Lésung (b) befiirwortet. (European Proposal.) Eine
angelsichsische Trivialname ‘‘Corn Root Weevil” ist hier unbekannt
(nicht genannt in : Common Names of British Insects, 1947 ; Common Names
of Insects, Melbourne, 1955; Common Names of Insects approved by the
American Ass. of Ec. Ent., 1950; List of the French Names of Insects of
Ec. Ent. in Canada, Quebec, 1952), ebenso wie seine Verbindung mit
Sphenophorus abbreviatus Fabr. sensu Schaufuss, Kuhnt, Reitter. Diese
letzte Art ist nach Angaben der deutschen coleopterologischen Literatur
im siidlichen Europa verbreitet, seltener in Mitteleuropa. (Fundort nach
Schaufuss : Schilfrand von Gewassern ; als Pflanzenschadling nicht genannt.)
Zunichst ware klarzustellen mit welcher Art die Amerikaner den Namen
S. abbreviatus Fabr. verbinden, eine Art, die nach Hemming von wirt-
schaftlicher Bedeutung ist die Schadlichkeit von Sphenophorus maidis
an Mais im Siiden der Vereinigten Staaten.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 37

3. G. Grandi (Bologna, Italy) (7th June 1956)

In risposta alla vostra lettera vi communico che io sono del parere di
mantenere il nome di Calandra (non Calendra) per il Curculionide del Grano
(Grain Weevil) ed il nome di Sphenophorus per i Curculionidi delle radici
di Graminacee (Corn Root Weevil).

4, E. Voss (Osnabruck) and F. Zacher (Berlin) (12th June 1956)

To restore stability and uniformity in nomenclature, we recommend the
adoption of Calandra for the Grain Weevil by designation by the Commission
of granaria Linnaeus under the Plenary Powers to be the type species of the
above genus. There should be no suppression of the name Calandra.

5. F. Zacher (Berlin) (12th June 1956)
For Dr. Zacher’s reply, see 4 above.

6. H. Strouhal (Vienna) (14th June 1956)

The Viennese Coleopterists are all for the European Proposal : Adoption of
Calandra for the Grain Weevil (granarius Linnaeus) by designation by the
Commission of that species under its Plenary Powers to be the type species of
the genus Calandra Fabricius, 1801, and acceptance of Sphenophorus for the
Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus Fabricius).

7. W. J. Hall (London) (29th June 1956)

I think that the solution most likely to produce the results you require is
(b) (the European proposal), with (c) (suppression of the name Calendra or
Calandra) as the better of the remaining alternatives.

8. T. Esaki (Fukuoka, Japan) (14th July 1956)

The Rice Weevil, Calendra oryzae, is one of the most important and most
popular pests of stored rice in this country, and for scientific articles the name
“ Calandra oryzae’? was used almost always in economic papers and textbooks
as shown in the annexed notes [not reproduced]. Calendra granarius is also
found in Japan since the end of World War II, but much less important than
oryzae. Sphenophorus abbreviatus is not known from the East and rarely referred
to in textbooks and papers in this country.

The generic name Sitophilus for the Rice Weevil was introduced for the
first time by Kono into Japanese literature in 1937 and he followed Pierce.
Although he was then followed by a few taxonomists in this country, in the
bulk of literature in economic, as well as in systematic, entomology, the name
Calandra (the spelling Calendra is not used here) has been and is still consistently
used up to the present.

Considering the above-mentioned status of the problem in Japan, it seems
to me to be most appropriate to adopt the solution (b) (the European Proposal).
I consulted several other entomologists, both economic and taxonomic, and they
all agreed to the conclusion mentioned above.

38 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

9. J. A. Freeman and G. A. Brett (Surbiton, Surrey) (28th September, 1956)

We recommend the adoption of Solution (b) for the following reasons :—

(i) To us at least, the generic name of the Grain and Rice Weevils is of far
greater importance than that of the Corn Root Weevil. The latter in fact is
a matter of indifference to us. We are of the opinion that this is the case in
most parts of the world.

(ii) The name Calandra has been used for the Grain and Rice Weevils much
more widely and for a much longer period than has Sitophilus, and it is
much more widely used in the economic literature. A change would cause much
confusion and inconvenience.

(iii) From our point of view the compromise Proposal (c) has no advantage
over the American Proposal since we are only interested in the name of the
Grain Weevil. In our view the difference of spelling (Calendra as distinct
from Calandra) would be sufficient to prevent confusion in the future. We
therefore think that the American proposal is less undesirable than the alter-
native proposal (c).

10. G. A. Brett (Surbiton, Surrey) (28th September 1956)
For Mr. G. A. Brett’s reply, see 9 above.

Part 3 : Support for the Compromise Plan involving the suppression
under the Plenary Powers of the generic name “‘ Calandra ”’
Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798, leaving available the
generic names “ Sphenophorus ’’ Schoenherr, 1838, for
the Corn Root Weevil (“‘ abbreviatus ’’) and ‘“‘ Sitophilus ”’
Sehoenherr, 1838, for the Grain Weevil (“‘ granarius ”’)

1. Mrs. Patricia Vaurie (New York) (8th May 1956)

I feel that Proposal (c), or compromise proposal, is the one which would
cause the least confusion and I favour this alternative plan.

2. R. G. Fennah (7'rinidad) (14th May 1956)
I don’t think there is much to choose. I incline slightly to Solution (c).

3. R. Glen (Ottawa) (22nd May 1956)

It is our opinion that Solution (c) is most likely to remove confusion and
to restore stability and uniformity in the nomenclature used for the two species
of Weevil. We in Canada are happy, of course, with Solution (a), but taking
the world view we feel that the best chances of success lie with Solution (c).

4. J. Balfour-Browne and E. C. Zimmerman (London) (25th May 1956)

We have examined the evidence and have concluded that the proposed
Solution (c), which suggests that the name Calendra (and Calandra) be suppressed

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 39

by the Commission under its Plenary Powers, and that Sphenophorus Schoenherr,
1838, for the Corn Root Weevil (abbreviatus), and Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838,
for the Grain Weevil (granarius), be adopted, would most likely avoid confusion
and restore stability and uniformity in nomenclature.

5. E. C. Zimmerman (London) (25th May 1956)

For Dr. E. C. Zimmerman’s reply, see 4 above.

6. H. Sachtleben (Berlin) (26th May 1956)

I should recommend Solution (c) because during the last thirty years most
of German literature dealing with applied entomology has used the generic
name Calandra for the Grain Weevil (granarius Linnaeus). Nevertheless we
think that the above-mentioned proposal would be the most recommendable
solution of the question. By removal of the name Calendra it would ensure
that in future there could be no confusion between the generic names used
for the Grain Weevil and for the Corn Root Weevil respectively.

At least this solution for the generic name of the Grain Weevil would also
be in accordance with the Coleopterorum Catalogus, the most important catalogue
for the systematists. Further it would approach to the strict application of
the Régles in so far as it does not change the designation of type species, which
remains, under the Régles. Compared with these advantages the suppression
of the name Calandra seems to us of small importance and the most acceptable
deviation from the Régles.

That is our point : any decision of the International Commission requiring
a suspension of the Régles should try to remain as close as possible to the strict
application of the Regles. In the present question the suppression of the name
Calendra and adoption of Sphenophorus and Sitophilus seem to be the best
way to fulfil this postulate.

7. K. H. L, Key and others [see 8—11 below] (Canberra) (30th May 1956)

I have brought your letter before a staff meeting of the Division of Ento-
mology of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
and have also received notes on the question at issue from the few members
of the Division whose work has brought them into contact with this problem.
As a result I would answer your questions as follows :—

All the entomologists concerned favour Solution (c), as I do myself.

8. P. B. Carne (Canberra) (30th May 1956)

For Dr. Carne’s reply, see 7 above.

40 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

9. F. J. Gay (Canberra) (30th May 1956)
For Mr. Gay’s reply, see 7 above.

10. T. G. Campbell (Canberra) (30th May 1956)
For Mr. Campbell’s reply, see 7 above.

11. S. W. Bailey (Canberra) (30th May 1956)
For Mr. Bailey’s reply, see 7 above.

12. P. W. Oman (Beltsville, Maryland) (1st June 1956)

In my opinion this is a case where there is general confusion and for that
reason suspension of the Rules seems indicated. I believe that the alternative
course outlined in Solution (c) is the desirable course of action.

13. T. J. Naudé (Pretoria) (4th June 1956)

This would seem to be a case in which the Commission could justifiably and
usefully exercise its Plenary Powers by suppressing the name Calendra (or
Calandra) and I should therefore recommend the adoption of Solution (c).

14. G. V. B. Herford (Slough) (8th June 1956)

After considerable discussion, the balance of opinion here is in favour of
Solution (c), namely, the suppression of the name Calendra (or Calandra)
and the use of Sphenophorus and Sitophilus respectively for the Corn Rooy
Weevil and the Grain Weevil.

15. K. B. Lal (New Delhi) (12th June 1956)

During the last seven years or so, the generic name Sitophilus has increasingly
replaced Calandra so far as our Weevil pest species oryzae in India has been
concerned. Most of the entomologists in India now refer to this species as
Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus, and it may create a little confusion if we have to
revert back again to the use of the generic name Calandra.

In view of what I have said above, either of the suggestions contained in
(a) and (c) of paragraph 10(2) of your paper would be convenient to us in
India but for the reasons mentioned in paragraph 4 of your note, I would
prefer if the suggestion contained in Proposal (c) is allowed to prevail.

16. N. D. Riley (London) (21st June 1956)

I prefer alternative (c) (the Compromise Proposal), placing (a) (the American
Proposal) as runner up, with (b) (the European Proposal) unplaced.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 41
APPENDIX 3

VIEWS OF SPECIALISTS ON THE QUESTION WHETHER IT Is

DESIRABLE THAT THE SPECIFIC NAME “ ABBREVIATUS ”

FABRICIUS, 1787, AS PUBLISHED IN THE COMBINATION

“ CURCULIO ABBREVIATUS ”’ SHOULD BE VALIDATED UNDER

_THE PLENARY POWERS AS THE SPECIFIC NAME FOR THE
CORN ROOT WEEVIL

Part 1 : Support by seven specialists for the validation of the specific
name “ abbreviatus ’’ Fabricius, 1787, as the specific name
for the Corn Root Weevil

1. E. M. Hering (Berlin) (13th May 1957)

I have studied the papers in the matter of the name of the Corn Root Weevil
which you sent with your kind letter on May 9th. I give you my views as
follows :—

(4) If the Commission were to vote for Sphenophorus Schoenherr, with the
type abbreviatus, I would propose :—

(a) to validate the name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, by placing it on the
Official List, being the type species of Sphenophorus Schénherr, as the
name of the Corn Root Weevil ;

(b) to place on the Official List the generic name Diaprepes Schénherr, 1823,
to include the species name abbreviatus Linnaeus

(c) to suppress the totally unused name elegans Fourcroy, 1785.

In view of the very importance of these species in Applied Entomology I cannot
see another way to secure the needed stability in the present nomenclature
of these species.

2. Sir Guy Marshall (London) (16th May 1957)

In reply to your letter of 9th May on this question, here are my answers
to your three queries :—

(1) I certainly think that it would be entirely wrong to suppress the name
abbreviatus Linnaeus (1758) in favour of abbreviatus Fabricius (1787). But
I also cannot see any real necessity for suppressing Fabricius’s name either.
These two names have now been used for over a century and a half without
any trace of confusion, as the species belong to two widely different subfamilies.
I therefore suggest that the only sensible course would be to suppress the
ancient homonymy, which ceased to exist 156 years ago when Fabricius trans-
ferred his species into Calandra. I fail to see how this can do any harm and
it will certainly prevent the confusion that would inevitably result from the

42 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

needless change of the name of an important pest, concerning which there is
a very large volume of literature.

(2) There is no real justification for applying the name elegans Fourcroy
(1785) to the Corn Root Weevil. Fourcroy’s types are irretrievably lost, and
his description cannot be applied with certainty to any known species.
Schonherr was not able to trace the species and tentatively applied the name to
abbreviatus Fabricius, but did so with an interrogation mark. This was
arbitrarily omitted from the last Catalogue without any justification, and it is
this piece of carelessness that has really given rise to the whole trouble. In
my opinion elegans Fourcroy should be relegated to the list of nomina delenda.

(3) I consider that Sphenophorus abbreviatus Fabricius is the name that
should preferably be retained for the Corn Root Weevil.

8—6. W. J. Hall, E. O. Pearson, R. D. Pope and H. S. Bushell (London) (29th
August 1957)

We entirely agree that as abbreviatus L., 1758 is the name of an economically
important weevil of the genus Diaprepes in the West Indies, it would be quite
wrong to suppress it in order to preserve abbreviatus F., 1789 for the Corn Root
Weevil.

It seems doubtful, in view of the inadequacy of the description of Curculio
elegans Fourcroy, 1785 and of the size given for it, whether this is really a
synonym of abbreviatus F., and this is doubtless the reason why it has not found
favour as a possible earlier name. This appears to leave brachypterus Gmelin
and decurtatus Gmelin, both of 1790 as possible candidates. The former has
page priority, but the latter is, in effect, a new name proposed for the junior
homonym abbreviatus F., since Gmelin gives a reference to Fabricius’s original
description. I feel sure that argument would arise concerning this choice,
which would further confuse a situation that would anyway be unsatisfactory
because neither name is well known.

We feel therefore, that the course proposed, of validating abbreviatus F.
while maintaining abbreviatus L., would be a common sense solution. As it is
thus impossible, by normal application of the Rules, to allow abbreviatus F.
to stand as the name of the Corn Root Weevil, I feel that this removes one of
the main arguments in favour of the American proposal and usage regarding
Calendra abbreviatus F. As the Commission’s powers have to be invoked
anyway, if we are to avoid total confusion by the rigid application of the Rules,
let us go the whole hog and suppress Calendra, validate the retention of
abbreviatus F. in addition to abbreviatus L., and thus retain Calendra granarius L.
for the Grain Weevil, Sphenophorus abbreviatus F. for the Corn Root Weevil,
and Diaprepes abbreviatus L. for the West Indian Sugar Cane Weevil.

The present letter has been prepared after consultation with Mr. E. O.
Pearson, Mr. R. D. Pope, and Capt. H. S. Bushell of the Commonwealth
Institute of Entomology who concur in the recommendations set out above.

—

a a eS? Pe a ee a

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43

7. E. Voss (Harderberg, Germany) (18th September 1957)

Freundlichen Dank fiir Ihren Brief vom 6. ds. Monats, in welchem Sie noch
einmal die Gesichtspunkte klarlegen, die zur Anderung des bisher gebrauch-
lichen Artnamens abbreviatus F., 1787, in decurtatus, Gmelin, 1790,
Veranlassung geben sollten.

Ich stimme sehr Ihren Ausfiihrungen zu und kann Thre Frage : (1) Should the
Commission (after suppressing the name elegans Fourcroy) accept for the
Corn Root Weevil the name which would then become the oldest available
name for that species, namely the name decurtatus Gmelin, 1790? zustimmend
mit ja beantworten.

Allerdings scheint es mir, als ob sich in Ihre Frage (2) ein Druckfehler
eingeschlichen hat. Es miisste hier wohl statt decurtatus Fabricius, 1787
heissen: abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787 2

Da nach Ihren weiteren Ausfiihrungen die Mehrzahl der befragten
Spezialisten sich fiir die Beibehaltung des eingebiirgerten Namens abbreviatus
ausgesprochen haben, diirfte allerdings wenig Aussicht bestehen, diese Frage in
rein systematischer Hinsicht geklart zu sehen. Die Anderung des Namens
erfolgt schliesslich 150 Jahre zu spit, da inzwischen die angewandte Entomologie
ihren berechtigten Wunsch auf Stabilitat der meist gebrauchlichen Namen
zum Ausdruck bringt.

Part 2 : Objection by two specialists to the validation of the specific
name “ abbreviatus ’’ Fabricius, 1787, as the specific name
for the Corn Root Weevil

1. J. Balfour-Browne (London)
(a) Letter dated 14th May 1957
(letter supporting the validation of the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787)

As the Commission must, in any case, act in this matter under the Plenary
Powers I see no reason why they cannot also preserve and put onto the Official
List of Specific Names, the name abbreviatus Fabricius by overruling under the
Plenary Powers the need to suppress the earlier homonym or the later. Linnaeus’s
abbreviatus is the type-species of Diaprepes. Fabricius’s abbreviatus is the type
species of Calandra. Both have therefore importance in this respect demanding
retention.

I consider that the Corn Root Weevil should continue to be known as
abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787.

dt Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

(b) Letter dated 30th May 1957

(letter withdrawing support for the validation of the specific name abbreviatus
Fabricius, 1787)

I would be very unprepared to make a precedent, in this case, of retaining
a junior homonym as it would be very difficult to resist pressure in other cases
to retain or even restore junior homonyms that taxonomists have already
rejected. I think the Principle of Primary Homonymy should be preserved.
I am aware, in saying this, that I am retracting my proposal in my letter of
14th May but more profound consideration suggests that convenience should
here give way to principle.

2. Elwood C. Zimmerman (Newton Center, Mass., U.S.A.)

(a) Letter dated 26th May 1957

I have heard from Balfour-Browne, and I will cast my vote along with
his conclusions.

{[NOTE: The reference here is to Mr. Balfour-Browne’s letter of

14th May 1957 (reproduced as Document 1(a) in Part 2 of the present

Appendix) where the conclusion reached was in favour of the validation

of the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius as the specific name for the
Corn Root Weevil.]

(b) Letter dated 11th September 1957

I have re-examined the evidence in the documents at hand, and it seems
to me that the data assembled in Balfour-Browne’s letter to you of 30th May,
1957, indicate the course of action to be followed. As you point out in your
letter of 18th May 1957 to Balfour-Browne, the validation of abbreviatus
would demand an unusual use of the Plenary Powers of the Commission.
In this light, and in view of the fact that decurtatus Gmelin appears to be a new
name for abbreviatus Fabricius, nec Linnaeus, I shall continue to give my
support to Balfour-Browne’s conclusions and will vote for the use of decurtatus.

[NOTE : The above was in reply to a letter which, as Secretary, I
wrote to Dr. Zimmerman, whose previous letter (of 26th May 1957)
had been written in support of Mr. Balfour-Browne’s letter of 14th
May 1957 in which the validation of the name abbreviatus Fabricius
had been advocated, my purpose being to ascertain what was Dr.
Zimmerman’s opinion on the above question in the light of the change
of attitude indicated in Mr. Balfour-Browne’s letter of 30th May
1957. (intl’d) F.H. 14th Sept. 1957] ;

a ee eee ee ee

iat a |

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 45
APPENDIX 4

Action which would require to be taken if the International Com-
mission on Zoological Nomenclature were to approve the Plan which
has received the largest amount of support among the specialists
consulted, namely, the Plan under which the name “ Calandra ’’
would be suppressed by the Commission under the Plenary Powers,
thus leaving “‘Sphenophorus’’ as the valid generic name for the
Corn Root Weevil (“‘ abbreviatus ’’) and “ Sitophilus ’’ as the valid
generic name for the Grain Weevil (‘“‘ granarius ’’)

(1) The Plenary Powers to be used :—

(a) to suppress the following names for the purposes of the Law of
Priority but not for those of the Law of Homonymy :—

(i) the generic name Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798 ;

(ii) the specific name elegans Fourcroy, 1785, as published in the
combination Curculio elegans ;

(b) to validate the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as
published in the combination Curculio abbreviatus [the specific
name for the Corn Root Weevil], at present invalid as a junior
homonym of the specific name abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as
published in the combination Curculio abbreviatus [the specific
name of the West Indian Sugar Cane Weevil].

(c) to validate the emendation to oryzae of the specific name oryza
Linnaeus, 1763, as published in the combination Curculio
oryza.

(2) The following names to be placed on the Official List of Generic Names
in Zoology :—

(a) Sphenophorus Schoenherr, 1838, as validated under the Plenary
Powers in (1)(a)(i) above (gender : masculine) (type species, by
original designation: Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as
validated under the Plenary Powers in (1)(b) above) ;

(b) Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838 (gender: masculine) (type species’
by original designation : Curculio oryzae Linnaeus, 1763) ;

(c) Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1823 (gender : masculine) (type species, by
original designation : Curculio spengleri (emend. of sprengleri)
Linnaeus, 1767).

(3) The following names to be placed on the Official List of Specific Names
in Zoology :—

(a) abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the combination
Curculio abbreviatus and as validated under the Plenary Powers

46 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

in (1)(b) above (specific name of type species of Sphenophorus
Schoenherr, 1838) ;

(b) granarius Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination
Curculio granarius ;

(c) oryzae (emend. under the Plenary Powers in (1)(c) above of oryza)
Linnaeus, 1763, as published in the combination Curculio oryza
(specific name of type species of Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838) ;

(d) abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination
Curculio abbreviatus.

(4) The following names to be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology :—

(a) Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798 (as suppressed under the
Plenary Powers in (1)(a)(i) above) ;

(b) Calendra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798 (an Invalid Original
Spelling for Calandra through the action of Fabricius (J.C.)
(1801) as “‘ First Subsequent User ”’) ;

(c) the under-mentioned junior homonyms of Calandra Clairville &
Schellenberg, 1798 :—
(i) Calandra Fitzinger, 1815 ;
(ii) Calandra Oken, 1817 ;
(iti) Calandra Brookes, 1830 ;
(iv) Calandra Lesson, 1837 ;
(v) Calandra Gistl, 1848 ;
(d) the under-mentioned junior homonyms of Sphenophorus Schoen-
herr, 1838 :-—
(i) Sphenophorus Newberry, 1890 ;
(ii) Sphenophorus Breitfuss, 1898.

(5) The following names to be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and
Invalid Specific Names in Zoology :—

(a) elegans Fourcroy, 1785, as published in the combination Curculio
elegans (as suppressed under the Plenary Powers in (1)(a)(i)
above) ;

(b) decurtatus Gmelin (J.F.), [1790], as published in the combination
Curculio decurtatus (a junior objective synonym of abbreviatus
Fabricius, 1787, as published in the combination Curculio
abbreviatus, as validated under the Plenary Powers in (1)(b)
above) ; :

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 47

(c) oryza Linnaeus, 1763, as published in the combination Curculio
oryza (ruled under the Plenary Powers in (1)(c) above to be an
Invalid Original Spelling) ;

(d) sprengleri Linnaeus, 1767, as published in the combination
Curculio sprengleri (an Invalid Original Spelling for spengleri).

(6) The following names to be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and
Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology :—
(a) CALANDRINI (correction of CALANDRIDES) Schoenherr, 1837
(invalid under Declaration 20 because the name of its type genus
(Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798) suppressed under
the Plenary Powers in (1)(a)(i) above) ;

(b) CALANDRIDEs Schoenherr, 1845 (an Invalid Original Spelling for
the name specified in (i) above) ;

(c) CALENDRINAE Leng (C.W.), 1920 (an Erroneous Subsequent
Spelling for the name specified in (i) above).

48 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

SUPPORT FOR THE APPLICATION REGARDING THE SPECIFIC
NAME “PADI”? LINNAEUS, 1758 (“ APHIS ’’) (CLASS INSECTA,
ORDER HEMIPTERA)

By MIRIAM A. PALMER
(Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 1225)
(For the application submitted see Bull. zool. Nomencl. 13 : 248—250)
(Letter dated 29th October 1957)
Doncaster’s paper regarding Aphis padi has just been received.

I favour the action proposed therein, namely: to validate the name Aphis padi
Linnaeus as applying to the European bird cherry aphid.

AASED we
3

SUPPORT FOR THE APPLICATION REGARDING THE SPECIFIC
NAME ‘“‘ PARVULA’’ MORCH, 1868 (‘‘ APLYSIA’’) (CLASS
GASTROPODA)

By HENNING LEMCHE
(Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 1209)
(For the application submitted see Bull. zool. Nomencl. 12: 240—244)

(Letter dated 6th November 1957)

This is to explain that I am very much in favour of validating the name Aplysia
parvula Morch, 1863, as against spuria Krauss, 1848, as proposed by Dr. Nellie B.
Eales. As a specialist in Opisthobranchs I cannot see any advantage in trying to
revalidate spuria. ‘

CONTENTS

(continued from front wrapper)

Page
(a) Obituary
Karl P. Schmidt ne . os 0 on af i 1
(b) New Applications
The Calandra/Calendra Problem (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera).
Report by Francis Hemming (Secr ay to the International
Commission) Me af a rg! a ae 5

Comments on Applications

padi Linnaeus, 1758 (Aphis) (Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera)
(proposal by J. P. Doncaster) : support by Miriam A. Palmer 48

parvula Morch, 1863 (Aplysia) (Class ing te aie (proposal by
N. B. Eales): suport by H. Lemche .... 23 45 48

Draft of the English Text of the ‘* Régles ”’

The attention of zoologists and palaeontologists is drawn to the publication
on 29th November 1957 of the draft of the revised English Text of the “‘ Régles ”’
which will form the basis of the discussions by the Colloquium on Zoological
Nomenclature and the Fifteenth International Congress of Zoology in London
in July 1958. This document has been published in two instalments as Sextuple-
Part 1/6 and Triple-Part 7/9 of Volume 14 of the “ Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature ’’.

All enquiries in regard to the above and other publications issued by the
International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature should be addressed to:
The Publications Officer of the Trust, 41 Queen’s Gate, London, S.W.7.

Printed in England by METCALFE & COOPER LiMiTED, 10-24 Scrutton St. London EC 2

VOLUME 16. Part 2 6th June 1958
pp. 49-80, 6 text-figs., (I)-(VIII)

THE BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL
NOMENCLATURE

The Official Organ of
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON

ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

PURCHASED ART

Ks OC
= 9 JUN 1958 Rta, 7
Edited by | acini 0 *
>

FRANCIS HEMMING, C.M.G., C.B.Es{@«0 1112”

Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

CoNTENTS

Secretaryship of the International Commission on Zoological Nomen-
clature : Retirement of Mr. Francis Hemming .. re (1)-(VIIT)

(continued inside back wrapper)

LONDON :

Printed by Order of the Internationa! Trust for
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Nomenclature by the International Trust at its Publications Office,
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INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL
NOMENCLATURE

A. The Officers of the Commission

Honorary Life President: Dr. Karl Jorpan (British Musewm (Natural History), Zoological
Museum, Tring, Herts, England)

President: Professor James Chester Braptey (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.)
(12th August 1953)

Vice-President : Senhor Dr. Afranio do AMaraAL (Sao Paulo, Brazil) (12th August 1953)

Secretary : Mr. Francis Hemmine (London, England) (27th July 1948)

B. The Members of the Commission

(Arranged in order of precedence by reference to date of election or of most recent
re-election, as prescribed by the International Congress of Zoology)

Professor H. Boscuma (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands)
(ist January 1947)

Senor Dr. Angel CaBrera (La Plata, Argentina) (27th July 1948)

Mr. Francis Hemmine (London, England) (27th July 1948) (Secretary)

Dr. Henning Lemcue (Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark) (27th July 1948)

Professor Pierre Bonnet (Université de Toulouse, France) (9th June 1950)

Mr. Norman Denbigh Riey (British Museum (Natural History), London) (9th June 1950)

Professor Dr. Tadeusz JaczEwski (Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland) (15th June 1950)

Professor Dr. Robert Mertens (Natur-Museum u. Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, Frankfurt
a.M., Germany) (5th July 1950)

Professor Dr. Erich Martin Herre (Zoologisches Musewm der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin,
Germany) (5th July 1950)

Senhor Dr, Afranio do Amarat (S. Paulo, Brazil) (12th August 1953) (Vice-President)

Professor J. R. Dymonp (University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada) (12th August 1953)

Professor J. Chester Braptry (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.) (12th August 1953)
(President)

Professor Harold E. Vokes (University of Tulane, Department of Geology, New Orleans, Louisiana,
U.S.A.) (12th August 1953)

Professor Béla Hanx6 (Mezdgazdasdgi Muzeum, Budapest, Hungary) (12th August 1953)

Dr. Norman R. Srouu (Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, N.Y., U.S.A.)
(12th August 1953)

Mr. P, C. SytvesTER-BraDLEy (Sheffield University, Sheffield, England) (12th August 1953)

Dr. L. B. Horruvis (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands) (12th
August 1953)

Dr. K. H. L. Key (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra,
A.C.T., Australia) (15th October 1954)

Dr. Alden H. Mirrtzr (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California,
U.S.A.) (29th October 1954)

Doe. Dr. Ferdinand Pranti (Ndrodni Museum v Praze, Prague, Czechoslovakia) (30th October
1954)

Professor Dr. Wilhelm Kiunett (Zoologisches Institut der Universitat, Vienna, Austria) (6th
November 1954)

Professor F. 8. BopENHEIMER (The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel) (11th November 1954)

Professor Ernst Mayr (Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massa-
chuselts, U.S.A.) (4th December 1954)

Professor Enrico TortonrsE (Museo di Storia Naturale “‘G. Doria”, Genova, Italy) (16th
December 1954)

Dr. Per. Brryox (Lunds Universitets, Zoologiska Institution, Lund, Sweden) (19th May 1958)

BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Volume 16, Part 2 (pp. 49-80, 6 text-figs.) 6th June 1958
(also (I)-(VITI))

NOTICES PRESCRIBED BY THE
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY

The following notices are given in pursuance of decisions taken, on the
recommendation of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
(see 1950, Bull. zool. Nomencl. 4 : 51-56, 57-59), by the Thirteenth
International Congress of Zoology, Paris, July 1948 (see 1950, Bull. zool.
Nomencel. 5 : 5-13, 131).

(a) Date of commencement by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature of voting on applications published
in the “ Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature ”’

Notice is hereby given that normally the International Commission will
start to vote upon applications published in the Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature on the expiry of a period of six calendar months from the date of
publication in the Bulletin of the applications in question. Any specialist who
may desire to comment upon any of the applications published in the present
Part of the Bulletin is accordingly invited to do so in writing and in duplicate
to the Secretary to the Commission, as quickly as possible and in any case, in
sufficient time to enable the communication in question to reach the Secretariat
of the Commission before the expiry of the six-month period referred to above.

(b) Notice of the possible use by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature of its Plenary Powers in certain cases

Notice is hereby given that the possible use by the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature of its Plenary Powers involved the
application published in the present Part of the Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature in relation to the under-mentioned names :—

Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803], designation of type species for, and validation
of neotype for species (Cancer oculatus Fabricius, 1780) so designated
(Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea) (Z.N.(S.) 1319) ;

50 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Notices prescribed by the International Congress of Zoology (continwed)
Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867, designation of a type species for, in harmony
with accustomed usage (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea :
Jurassic) (Z.N.(S.) 956) ;

gemmascens Esper, [1794] (Madrepora), validation of (Class Hydrozoa,
Order Stylasterina) (Z.N.(S.) 950).

2. Comments received in sufficient time will be published in the Bulletin ;
other comments, provided that they are received within the prescribed period
of six calendar months from the date of publication of the present Part will
be laid before the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature at
the time of commencement of voting on the application concerned.

3. In accordance with the procedure agreed upon at the Session held by
the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in Paris in 1948
(see 1950, Bull. zool. Nomencl. 4 : 56), corresponding Notices have been sent
to the serial publications Nature and Science.

FRANCIS HEMMING

Secretary to the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature

28 Park Village East, Regent’s Park,
Lonvon, N.W.1, England.

6th June. 1958.

PERSONNEL OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION
ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Election of a Commissioner
In accordance with the procedure prescribed by the Thirteenth International
Congress of Zoology, Paris, 1948, the following election to the Membership
of the Commission has been made by the Executive Committee, with effect
from the date shown below :—
Per Brinck, Lunds Universitets, Zoologiska Institution, Lund, Sweden
(19th May 1958)

FRANCIS HEMMING

Secretary to the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature
28 Park Village East, Regent’s Park,

Lonpon, N.W.1.
19th May 1958

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 51

PROPOSED USE OF THE PLENARY POWERS TO VALIDATE A NEOTYPE
FOR THE NOMINAL SPECIES “CANCER OCULATUS”’ FABRICIUS (0.),
1780, TO DESIGNATE THE SPECIES SO NAMED TO BE THE TYPE
SPECIES OF THE GENUS “MYSIS’’ LATREILLE, [1802-1803] (CLASS
CRUSTACEA, ORDER MYSIDACEA) AND MATTERS INCIDENTAL THERETO

By CHARLOTTE HOLMQUIST
(Lunds Universitets, Zoologiske Institutionen, Lund, Sweden)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 1319)

The purpose of the present application is to ask the International Com-
mission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its Plenary Powers to provide a
valid basis for the continued use of the generic name Mysis Latreille, [1802-
1803] (Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea) in its accustomed sense. This is
a well-known and important genus, having ten Species currently assigned to it
and being distributed through the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere
and with one more species described from South Georgia. It is also the type
genus of the family mysrpaz. This generic name has been in continuous use
since it was erected, i.e. for about 150 years, and it would be very confusing
and undesirable if this long-established practice were to be disturbed. Finally,
the generic name Mysis has been taken as the base for the Ordinal name
Mysidacea, The action needed in order to prevent disturbance from occurring
is, first, that the Plenary Powers should be used to designate as the type species
of this genus a well-known species possessing the characters recognized as
diagnostic of this genus. There is, however, some doubt as to how the nominal
Species now recommended for designation as the type species of this genus
should be interpreted and the Commission is being asked to set that doubt
at rest by using its Plenary Powers to validate the neotype for that species
which is designated in the Annexe to the present application. Finally, the
Commission is being asked to use the same Powers to suppress the specific
name of the nominal species which is at present the type species of this genus,
the nominal species so named being unrecognizable and its specific name in
consequence a nomen dubium. The facts of this case are set out in the following
paragraphs.

2. In the year 1780, Otto Fabricius (Fauna groenl.) described two crustacean
Species, viz. Cancer pedatus (: 243) and Cancer oculatus (: 245). Of the latter,
an incomplete figure was also given. In 1781, Fabricius (K. Danske Vid.
Selsk. Skr. (n.s.) 1) published figures and descriptions of both species (: 561-565
and fig. 1, and: 565-567 and fig. 2, resp.). A facsimile reproduction of
Fabricius’ 1780 figure of Cancer oculatus is annexed to the present paper as
Figure (1). Similar reproductions of Fabricius’ 1781 figures both of the above
species and of his nominal species Cancer pedatus are annexed as Figure (2).

Bull. zool. Nomencl. Vol. 16, Part 2. June 1958

52 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

8. In the year [1802-18031], Latreille (Hist. nat. gén. partic. Crust. Ins.
3 : 36) established a new genus, Mysis, for Cancer pedatus, and referred
C. oculatus to the same genus. Eight years later Latreille (1810, Consid. gén.
Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins. : 422) in his “ Table des genres avec l’indications
de l’espéce qui sert de type” writes as follows: ‘“‘ Mysis. Cancer pedatus,
Oth. Fab.” thus definitely selecting pedatus Fabricius as the type of his genus
Mysis.

4, The difficulties arising in the present case are as follows :—
(a) The type material for both of Fabricius’s species has disappeared.

(b) From the description by Krayer (1861, Naturhist. Tidsskrift (3) 1 : 13-21
41) and from the figures published earlier by him (1846, (2) im
Gaimard, Voyages Scand. Lap. : pl. 8, fig. 2, 3) it was up till now
considered possible to identify the species which has ever since been
called oculatus. Almost all of Kroyer’s material has also been lost.

(c) Another species of the same genus, Mysis mixta Lilljeborg, 1852, is
abundant in Greenland waters. Fabricius’s figure of C. oculatus from
the year 1781 (fig. 2) may have been drawn from a specimen of this
species.

(d) Cancer pedatus O. Fabricius is difficult to identify. In most cases it
has been identified with Cancer oculatus O. Fabricius, but doubts
as to its identity have been raised on several occasions, although
nobody has ventured to state that he could identify it with certainty.
Leach (1830, Trans. Plymouth Inst. 1 : 176-178) seems to have had
some material to hand (this material, too, is no longer traceable)
and he describes the species under the name of Megalophthalmus
fabricianus, adding a note which runs “ Cancer pedatus, Othonis
Fabricii, Faun. Graen. 243, No. 221”. Later authors have generally
referred this species, just as Cancer pedatus, to either Mysis mixta
Lilljeborg, 1852, or, mostly, to Wysis oculata.

5. Recent studies have raised doubts in me as to the correctness of the
identification of C. pedatus as a mysid. It appears more likely that it is some
kind of Euphausiacea for several reasons of which the more important are
set out below.

(a) Fabricius writes “thorace laeui compresso”’. The cephalothorax in
the genus Mysis is not laterally compressed, but it is so in euphausia-
ceans.

1 The volume (Volume 3) of the Hist. nat. gén. partic. Crust. Ins. in which the name Mysis
Latreille was published is dated “‘“An X ” in the French Revolutionary Calendar and has in con-
sequence commonly been treated as having appeared i in the period September 1801—-September
1802. Griffin (F.J.) (1938, J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist. 1 : 157) has shown, however, that this volume
was not published until ““An XI” and therefore that names published in it pay be dated
“* September 1802-September 1803”. (Intl’d F.H.)

Reese

|

a eee

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53

(b) He writes ‘“‘ cauda tereti recta’, but the abdomen is not straight in
Mysis. It is somewhat bent downwards in its first part and the
opposite way a little farther backwards. These bends are absent in
euphausiaceans. The figures given by Fabricius in 1781 illustrate
these characters very distinctly.

(c) Fabricius says that the abdomen has small, two-segmented legs. In
Mysis they are unsegmented, except the third and fourth pleopods
of the males which have quite another structure. In Euphausiacea
the basis of the pleopods is two-segmented and supplied with an
unsegmented exopod and endopod.

(d) Fabricius mentions Cancer pedatus as a whale-food and says that the
species occurs “ stupenda multitudine”’. These facts would fit the
oceanic euphausiaceans much better than the more coastal specimens
of Mysis. Also, euphausiaceans occur abundantly in Greenland
waters.

6. Matters have, however, become still more complicated since I have
found that two species have been confused under the name WM. oculata, both
of which occur along the Greenland coast. One of these species it is possible
to identify with Mysis oculata as described by Kroyer, and it would seem
natural, therefore, to establish a neotype of the said species on one of Kroyer’s
specimens. The other species has proved to be identical to Pugetomysis
litoralis Banner, 1948 (Trans. Roy. Canad. Inst. 27 (No. 57) : 104-106, pl. VI,

fig. 18).

7. The specimen of Cancer oculatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, now selected as a
neotype is described in detail in the annexe to the present paper. It is preserved
in the Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen. Figures are given
of the cephalothorax (Fig. A) and of the telson (Fig. B) of the neotype. In
addition, corresponding figures are given as Figures C and D respectively of
the specimen here selected as the lectotype of Pugetomysis litoralis Banner,
1948.

8. In order to ensure that the nomenclature of the genus Mysis shall remain
stable, the name pedatus Fabricius, 1780, as published in the combination
Cancer pedatus, should, as an unrecognisable nomen dubiwm, be suppressed
under the Plenary Powers and placed on the Official Index of Rejected and
Invalid Specific Names in Zoology. Similar action should be taken in the case
of its junior objective synonym fabricianus Leach, 1830, as published in the
combination Megalophthalmus fabricianus. Finally, the neotype now designated
for Cancer oculatus Fabricius, 1780, should be validated under the Plenary
Powers and the species so defined should be designated under the same Powers
to be the type species of Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803]. The specific name
oculatus Fabricius and the generic name Mysis Latreille should then be placed
on the appropriate Official Lists.

54 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

9. Further, the name Pugetomysis Banner, 1948, should be put on the
Official List with a note that it is available for use by those regarding Mysis
oculata (O. Fabricius) and Pugetomysis litoralis (Banner) as generically distinct.
Also, the specific name litoralis Banner, as thus used, should be put on the
Official List.

10. It is desirable also that the present opportunity should be taken to
dispose of the generic name Megalophthalmus Leach, 1830 (Trans. Plymouth
Inst. 1 : 176), the type species of which by monotypy is the nominal species
Megalophthalmus fabricianus Leach, 1830, the specific name of which is nomen
dubium and has been recommended in paragraph 8 for suppression under the
Plenary Powers. It is accordingly recommended that the name Megalo-
phthalmus Leach, 1830, as being a name for an unrecognisable genus should be
suppressed under the Plenary Powers for the purposes of the Law of Priority
but not for those of the Law of Homonymy. This name should then be
placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology,
together with the following junior homonyms :—Megalophthalmus Gray (G.R.),
1832 (in Griffith’s Cuvier, Anim. Kingd. 14 :371) and Megalophthalmus
Lorenz, 1906 (Z. deutsche geol. Ges. 58 : 62).

11. The problems of the names on the family-group level remain to be
considered. The first author to introduce such a name based on the generic
name Mysis seems to have been Burmeister (1837, Handb. Naturgesch. (Abt. 2)
: 566) using the spelling mysina as a family name. Since Burmeister adds the
letters ‘‘ M.E.” after the family name, it would appear possible that he has got
it from Milne-Edwards, but I have not succeeded in tracing any such name
as used by that author. The spelling MysIDAE was introduced by Dana
(1850, Amer. J. Sci. (2) 9 : 129-130), and this spelling seems to be the correct
one, adding the termination “ -idae ”’ to the stem of the generic name Mysis.
The spelling MystDAz has been generally accepted.

12. For the reasons set out in the present application the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is asked :—

(1) to use its Plenary Powers :—

(a) to suppress the under-mentioned names for the purposes of the
Law of Priority, but not for those of the Law of Homonymy :—

(i) the specific name pedatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, as published
in the combination Cancer pedatus [a nomen dubium] ;

(ii) the specific name fabrictanus Leach, 1830, as published in
the combination Megalophthalmus fabricianus (a junior
objective synonym of the name specified in-(i) above) ;

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55

(ili) the generic name Megalophthalmus Leach, 1830 [of which
the type species is Megalophthalmus fabricianus Leach,
1830], a nominal species, the specific name of which it is
proposed under (a)(ii) above should now be suppressed
under the Plenary Powers ;

(iv) the generic name Megalophthalmus Gray (G.R.), 1832 (a
junior homonym of Megalophthalmus Leach, 1830) ;

(v) the generic name Megalophthalmus Lorenz, 1906 (a junior
homonym of Megalophthalmus Leach, 1830) ;

(b) to validate the neotype for the nominal species Cancer oculatus
Fabricius (O.), 1780, designated in the Annexe to the present
application ;

(c) to set aside all type selections for the nominal genus M ysis Latreille,
[1802-1803], made prior to the Ruling now asked for, and, having
done so, to designate the nominal species Cancer oculatus
Fabricius (O.), 1780, as defined in (b) above, to be the type
species of the above genus ;

(2) to place the under-mentioned generic names on the Official List of
Generic Names in Zoology :—

(a) Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803] (gender : feminine) (type species, by
designation under the Plenary Powers, as proposed in (1)(c)
above : Cancer oculatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, as proposed to be
defined under the Plenary Powers in (1)(b) above) ;

(b) Pugetomysis Banner, 1948 (gender: feminine) (type species, by
monotypy : Pugetomysis litoralis Banner, 1948, as interpreted
by the lectotype selected in paragraph 7 of the present applica-
tion) (for use by those specialists who consider that the nominal
species Pugetomysis litoralis Banner, 1948, and Cancer oculatus
Fabricius, 1780 (type species of Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803])
are not congeneric with one another) ;

(3) to place the under-mentioned specific names on the Official List of
Specific Names in Zoology :—

(a) oculatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, as published in the combination
Cancer oculatus and as proposed in (1)(b) above to be defined
under the Plenary Powers (specific name of type species of
Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803]) ;

(b) litoralis Banner, 1948, as published in the combination Pugeto-
mysis litoralis, and as defined by the lectotype specified in
(2)(b) above (specific name of type species of Pugetomysis
Banner, 1948) ;

56 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

(4) to place the under-mentioned specific names on the Official Index

Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology :—

(a) pedatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, as published in the combination
Cancer pedatus, as proposed in (1)(a)(i) above to be suppressed
under the Plenary Powers ;

(b) fabricianus Leach, 1830, as published in the combination Megalo-
phthalmus fabricianus, as proposed in (1)(a)(ii) above to be
suppressed under the Plenary Powers ;

(5) to place the under-mentioned generic name on the Official Index of
Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology :—

Megalophthalmus Leach, 1830, as proposed in (1)(a)(iii) above to be
suppressed under the Plenary Powers ;

(6) to place the under-mentioned family-group name on the Official List
of Family-Group Names in Zoology :—
MYSIDAE (correction of MystmNA) Burmeister, 1837 (type genus:
Mysis Latreille, [1802—1803]) (first published in correct form as
MYSIDAE by Dana (1850)) ;

(7) to place the under-mentioned family-group name on the Official Index
of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology :—
MysINA Burmeister, 1837 (type genus ; Mysis Latreille, [1802—1803])
(an Invalid Original Spelling for MysrmDazr).

ANNEXE

Neotype of ‘‘ Mysis oculata ’’ (O. Fabricius) 1780
(Figs. A and B)

Description : Carapace produced in front as a rounded angle.

Eyes : large.

Antennular peduncle : with the third segment about half as long as the first
one, the second about half the length of the third.

Antennal scale : about five to six times as long as broad, setose all round ;
apex rounded ; a slight distal suture is present ; peduncle of flagellum about
half the length of the scale ; on the distal outer corner of the sympod there is
a spine.

Labrum : not drawn out anteriorly to a spine.

Maxilla : with the distal segment of the endopod expanded; the distal
margin armed with a dense row of strong barbed spines, all of which are of
about the same length. Along this row of spines, on the proximal side of the
segment, there is a row of setae, four or five in number.

Second maxillipede : with the distal segment of the endopod rounded, armed
with strong barbed spines or claws leaving proximally an unarmed portion
of only about one-fifth of the segment ; also supplied with long setae.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57

Third to eighth thoracic limbs : with carpopropodus divided into eight to
nine segments, armed with strong barbed spines and long setae ; basal plate of
exopod with a short and stout spine at the outer distal corner.

Uropod : inner margin of the endopod with five to nine spines, the proximal
ones near to the statocyst and the distal one about one-third the length of the
endopod from the apex.

Telson : lateral margins armed with more than twenty spines, evenly
distributed along the whole margin and not leaving any unarmed portion
distally ; distal to the base of the apical cleft there are four to eight spines,
less numerous in small specimens as is usual with spines in mysids ; the proximal
end of the apical cleft evenly rounded ; the angle of the cleft measures about
2°-50° being broadest in small animals (386 specimens investigated,
27.5-4 mm.) ; the distal lobes of the telson are broad quite to the apex, distally
evenly rounded ; the two chromatophores are situated about one-third the
length of the telson from the base, only occasionally they are irregularly placed.
See also note in explanation of Figure B on page 60.

Length of adults : 15-28 mm.
Neotype : adult 2 20 mm.((Zool. Mus., Copenhagen, Denmark).

Label inside the tube containing Neotype: The following label? has been
placed in tube containing the Neotype :—

Godhavn. Fra Maven af Gadus ogek 17/5 62 Olrik. Studssml.
ded.

Mysis oculata (0. FABRICIUS) sensu KROYER. Neotype. Ch.
Holmquist.

Remarks

The characters most significant for distinguishing the two species M. ysis
oculata (Fabricius, 1780) and Pugetomysis litoralis Banner, 1948, which have
hitherto been confused are : the form and armature of the telson, the form of
the front margin of the carapace, the somewhat larger eyes in M. oculata, and
the differences in the armature of the endopod of the second maxillipedes.
Mysis oculata seems on the whole to be much more strongly armed than
M. litoralis. The two species are found mostly in localities of somewhat
different kinds. When they are found together the members of the one species
are usually much more frequent than those of the other species.

a a

? The following amplified translation of the label placed in the tube containing the neotype
has been kindly furnished by Dr. Henning Lemche of the Universitetets Zoologiska Museum,
Copenhagen, the Institution in which the specimen is preserved :—

Godhavn. From the stomach of Gadus ogak, 17/5-62. Olrik [the collector of the sample in
question]. Formerly part of the collection used for teaching students at the University of
Copenhagen

Mysis oculata (0. FABRICIUS) sensu KROYER. Neotype. Ch. Holmquist

58 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Explanation of Figures (1) and (2)

Fig. (1) Facsimile reproductions from Fabricius (0.), 1780, Faun. groenl.

Cancer oculatus : 2 figs. published by Fabricius as Fig. 1, A and B.

Fig. (2) Facsimile reproductions from Fabricius (0.), 1781, K. Danske Vid
Selsk. Skr. (n.s.), vol. 1

Cancer pedatus : 2 figs. published by Fabricius as Fig. 1, A and B.
Cancer oculatus : 2 figs. published by Fabricius as Fig. 2, A and B.

(Note: The above facsimile reproductions are of approximately the same size
size as when the figures were published by Fabricius.)

59

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

O8LT

I8LT “sntolaqe,y wos ATOAtyoodsor
@ pure y ‘Z “Sty puv g pue y ‘T “31 posoquinu sendy M4 Jo uoyonposdaa opmisoeyy

‘snioyquy Wo g pue Vy ‘[ “3Iq poroquinu oindy B Jo uOMoNposdor OTITIS IT

.
.

(8) ommsty

(1) emnsig

60 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Explanation of Figures A to D

(drawings by Ch. Holmquist)

Figs. A and B: “ Cancer oculatus ’’ Fabricius (0.), 1780
(= Mysis oculata (Fabricius (O.), 1780))

(preparations made from the neotype specimen)

Fig. A Cephalothorax

Fig. B Telson

Note: The telson of this species bears two
chromatophores similar to those present in Mysis
litoralis (Banner, 1948) (Fig. D below). In old
specimens, however, these structures are often
dissolved and this is what has occurred in the
case of the Neotype of Mysis oculata (Fabricius
(O.), 1780). It is for this reason that these
structures are not shown in Fig. B.

Figs. C and D: ‘‘ Pugetomysis litoralis °’ Banner, 1948
(= Mysis litoralis (Banner, 1948))

(preparations made from the lectotype specimen)

Fig. Cephalothorax

Fig. D Telson

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Figs. Aand B: Mysis oculata (Fabricius (0.), 1780)
Figs. C and D: Mysis litoralis (Banner, 1948)

(For explanation see page opposite.)

61

00

ww

of

00

wu

so

62 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

PROPOSED ADDITION TO THE “ OFFICIAL LIST OF FAMILY-

GROUP NAMES IN ZOOLOGY” OF CERTAIN FAMILY-GROUP

NAMES FOR AMMONOIDEA, GENERALLY ACCEPTED IN

CORRECTED FORM BUT ORIGINALLY MIS-SPELT OR
INCORRECTLY FORMED

By W. J. ARKELL, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.
(Cambridge University, Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 954)

A. Hyatt, one of the first students of Ammonoidea to split up the old
comprehensive genus Ammonites, founded a number of genera on which,
at the same time or later, he erected families. He erected also some families
erected on previously-named genera.

2. The following six family-group names introduced by Hyatt (A.) were
not in the first instance correctly formed on the stem of the name of the type
genus, but were published with one exception in a shortened form :—

(a) ARIETIDAE Hyatt, 1875, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 17 : 225 (type
genus Arietites Waagen, 1869) ;

(b) AMALTHEOIDAE Hyatt, 1867, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 1 (No. 5) : 89 (type
genus : Amaltheus Montfort, 1808) ;

(c) DACTYLOIDAE Hyatt, 1867, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 1 (No. 5) : 87, 94
(type genus: Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867) ;

(d) oxynoTmpaE Hyatt, 1875, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 17 : 230 (type
genus: Oxynoticeras Hyatt, 1875) ;

(e) PHYMATOIDAE Hyatt, 1867, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 1 (No. 5) : 88 (type
genus : Phymatoceras Hyatt, 1867) ;

(f) PLEURACANTHITIDAE Hyatt, 1900, in Zittel’s Teatb. Palaeont. (ed. C. R.
Eastman) : 568 (type genus : Plewroacanthites Canavari, 1883).

3. In the same category are the two following family-group names published
by Haug (E.) either in a shortened or otherwise incorrect form :—

(a) POLYMORPHIDAE Haug (E.), 1887, Newes Jahrb. Min. 1887, 2 : 89 (type
genus : Polymorphites Haug, 1887) ;

a

Bull. zool. Nomencl. Vol. 16, Part 2. June 1958

re to ae

B5

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 63

(b) HOLCOSTEPHANIDAE Haug, 1910, Traité Géol. 2 (Pt. 2) : 1167 (type
genus: Olcostephanus Neumayr, 1875).

4, All these family names have been accepted by nearly all authors, with
attribution to Hyatt or Haug respectively, and with priority from the date of
their first introduction by Hyatt or Haug. Some authors when so using the
family names have silently corrected them to conform to modern standards
of nomenclatural precision, but usually have not altered the attribution or the
date of introduction for purposes of priority.

5. The corrected name “ ARIETITIDAE (correction of ARIETIDAE) Hyatt,
1875 ” has already been placed on the Official List by Direction 14 of the
International Commission (Ops. Decls. int. Comm. zool. Nomencl. 10 : 463-480).

6. In order to avoid the unnecessary disturbance to accepted nomenclature
which would result from the loss of priority and change of authorship of these
names if they came to be attributed in future to the various authors who
first published the corrected forms, it is hereby proposed to add the following
seven family-group names to the Official List of Family-Group Names in

Zoology :—

(1) AMALTHEIDAE (correction of AMALTHEOIDAE) Hyatt, 1867 (type genus:
Amaltheus Montfort, 1808) ;

(2) DACTYLIOCERATIDAE (correction of DACTYLOIDAE) Hyatt, 1867 (type
genus: Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867) ;

(3) OXYNOTICERATIDAE (correction of OXYNOTIDAE) Hyatt, 1875 (type
genus: Oxynoticeras Hyatt, 1874) ;

(4) PHYMATOCERATINAE (correction of PHYMATOIDAE) Hyatt, 1900 (type
genus: Phymatoceras Hyatt, 1867) ;

(5) PLEUROACANTHITIDAE (correction of PLEURACANTHITIDAE) Hyatt, 1900
(type genus: Pleuroacanthites Canavari 1883) ;

(6) POLYMORPHITIDAE (correction of POLYMORPHIDAE) Haug, 1887 (type
genus: Polymorphites Haug, 1887) ;

(7) OLCOSTEPHANIDAE (correction of HOLCOSTEPHANIDAE) Haug, 1910 (type
genus : Olcostephanus Neumayr, 1875).

7. At the same time it is proposed to place the names of the type genera
of the foregoing family-group taxa on the Official List of Generic Names in
Zoology and to place on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology the specific

64 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

names of the type species of the genera in question. The names concerned,
with their original references, are as follows :—

(a) Amaltheus Montfort, 1808, Conch. syst. Class. méth. Coquilles 1 : 90
(gender : masculine) (type species, by original designation : Amaltheus
margaritatus Montfort, 1808, Conch. syst. Class. méth. Coquilles 1 : 91) ; |

(b) Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867: [The question of the type species for this
genus forms the subject of a separate application which is being
submitted to the International Commission by Mr. P. C. Sylvester-
Bradley?.] ;

(c) Oxynoticeras Hyatt (A.), 1875, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 17 : 230
(gender : neuter) (type species, by selection by Buckman (S8.S.) (1909,
Yorkshire Type Ammonites 1 : ti): Ammonites oxynotus Quenstedt
(F.A.), 1843, Floezgeb. Wurtemb. : 161) ;

et ee

(d) Phymatoceras Hyatt (A.), 1867, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 1 (No. 5) : 88
(gender : neuter) (type species, by monotypy : Phymatoceras robustum
Hyatt (A.), 1867, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 1 (No. 5): 88) [Note for
inclusion in the Official List: The nominal species which is the type
species of this genus is interpreted by some authors as being the
young of Ammonites tirolensis von Hauer, 1856 (Denkschr. k. Akad.
Wiss., Math.-Nat. Kl. 11 : 41, pl. vii, figs. 1-3) as interpreted by
the description and figure given by Dumortier (E.), 1874, Et. paléont.
Dépots Jurass. Bassin Rhéne & : 86, pl. xxiv, figs. 1, 2) ;

(e) Pleuroacanthites Canavari, 1883, Atti. Soc. toscana. Proc. verb. 3 : 279
(gender : masculine) (type species, by selection by Haug (E.) (1889,
Annu. géol. univ. 5 (for 1888) : 1057) : Ammonites biformis Sowerby
(J. de C.), 1831, in de la Beche, Geol. Man. : 319) ;

(£) Polymorphites Haug (E.), 1887, Neues Jahrb. Min. Beil.-Band. 2 : 107,
120 (gender : masculine) (type species, by selection by Buckman (S.S.)
(1892, Mon. Inf. Ool. Amm. Brit. Isls, Palaeont. Soc., Part 6 : 267) :
Ammonites polymorphus Quenstedt (F.A.), 1845, Petref. Deutschl. : 86
[as nom. nud. on p. 75)) ;

(g) Olcostephanus Neumayr (M.), 1875, Z. désch. geol. Ges. 27 : 922 (gender :

masculine) type species, by original designation : Ammonites astiertanus
d’Orbigny, 1840, Pal. franc., Terr. crét. 1 : 115).

8. As a corollary, the following family-group names, each of which is an 4
Invalid Original Spelling for one or other of the names specified in paragraph 6 4

1 See Postscript by myself annexed at the end of the present paper. F.H. 28th Jan. 1958.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 65
above, should be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-
Group Names in Zoology :—

(1) AMALTHEOIDAE Hyatt, 1867
(2) DACTYLOIDAE Hyatt, 1867
(3) OxyNoTIDAE Hyatt, 1875
(4) PHyYMATOIDAE Hyatt, 1900

(5) PLEUROACANTHITIDAE Hyatt, 1900

Pe eee

(6) POLYMORPHIDAE Haug, 1887

(7) HOLCOSTEPHANIDAE Haug, 1910

9. The action which the International Commission is now asked to take is
namely :—

~

heer

(1) to place the seven family-group names specified in paragraph 6 of the
present application on the Official List of Family-Group Names in
Zoology ;

(2) to place on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology the names of the
seven genera specified in paragraph 7 of the present application, each
of which, as shown in paragraph 6, is the type genus of a family-
group taxon, the name of which it is proposed in (1) above to place
on the Official List of names for taxa of the family-group category ;

(3) to place on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology the specific
names of the nominal species specified in paragraph 7 above, each
of which is type species of a nominal genus specified in that paragraph,
the entries so to be made on the above Official List to be endorsed
in each case to show that the nominal species bearing the specific
name concerned is the type species of the nominal genus in connection
with which it is cited in the said paragraph ;

a

ET TES PORN OLE

(4) to place on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group
Names in Zoology the seven family-group names specified in para-
graph 8 of the present application, each of which is an Invalid Original
Spelling for one or other of the family-group names referred to in
(1) above.

Postscript by the Secretary : One of the family-group names included by
Dr. Arkell in this application, pacryLIocERATIDAE (correction of DACTYLOIDAE)
Hyatt (A.), 1867, was the subject of identical recommendations submitted
almost simultaneously by Mr. P. C. Sylvester-Bradley (File Z.N.(8.) 956). The
two authors have asked that these applications should be co-ordinated by the

66 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Office of the Commission prior to being published. Of the proposals concerned
that by Mr. Sylvester-Bradley was the more detailed and it has accordingly
been decided to treat his application in regard to the above name and the names
associated with it as the substantive application on which in due course the
Commission will be asked to vote. Under this arrangement the proposals in
Dr. Arkell’s paper regarding (a) the family-group name DACTYLIOCERATIDAE
and its Invalid Original Spelling pacryLomps, (b) the generic name Dactylio-
ceras Hyatt, and (c) the specific name communis Sowerby (J.), 1815, as published
in the combination Ammonites communis, will be excluded from consideration
when his paper is submitted to the Commission for vote, all those proposals
having (as explained above) been included in the application by Mr. Sylvester-
Bradley which will be submitted for vote at the same time as the more extensive
proposals set out in Dr. Arkell’s application. (signed) Francis Hemming,
Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 28th
January 1958.

SUPPORT FOR THE APPLICATION REGARDING THE NAME
““PALAEMON ADSPERSUS ’? RATHKE, 1837 (CLASS CRUSTACEA,
ORDER DECAPODA)

By J. C. YALDWYN
(Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 446)

(For the applications submitted see Bull. zool. Nomencl. 18 : 142-153 ;
ibid. 13 : 294-296)

(Letter dated 5th February 1958)

I have recently received a copy of Dr. L. B. Holthuis’ application to the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, reference Z.N.(S.) 446.
I would very much like the opportunity of commenting on this proposal.

I fully agree with Dr. Holthuis’ proposals on the Leander/Palaemon and
squilla/adspersus problems, and also his later proposal (Bull. zool. Nomencl. 13 : 294—
296) on the suppression of the totally overlooked Palaemon communis. I have no
other comment to add except to say that I think his ideas are the only ones we
can possibly accept now, and in fact I think until we do accept them there will be
no stability at all in this common genus.

Gi eae = Ex

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 67

PROPOSED USE OF THE PLENARY POWERS TO DESIGNATE

A TYPE SPECIES FOR THE GENUS “ DACTYLIOCERAS”

HYATT, 1867 (CLASS CEPHALOPODA, ORDER AMMONOIDEA :
JURASSIC) IN HARMONY WITH ACCUSTOMED USAGE

By P. C. SYLVESTER-BRADLEY
(University of Sheffield, England)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 956)

The purpose of the present application is to ask the International Com-
mission to use its Plenary Powers to designate for the genus Dactylioceras
Hyatt, 1867 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea) a type species in harmony
with accustomed usage, and thus prevent a change in the name of one of the
best known Jurassic ammonites in the world.

2. In 1867 Hyatt proposed the name Dactylioceras for four species of
ammonite listed in the following order: Ammonites communis Sowerby,
A. holandrei d’Orbigny, A. annulatus Sowerby and A. braunianus d’Orbigny
(Hyatt, 1867 : 95). On account of its excellent preservation in large numbers
in the Upper Lias, the genus has become one of the best known of all Jurassic
ammonite genera. Specimens of Dactylioceras feature frequently in elementary
teaching collections as typical of the whole group of ammonites.

3. In 1911 Buckman selected A. annulatus Sowerby as type species of the
genus (Buckman, 1911 : »).

4, Sowerby (J.) (1819:41, 42; pl. 222) on introducing the species
A. annulatus figured and described four specimens. One of these (fig. 5) was
chosen by Oppel (1856 : 255) as lectotype.

5. All four syntypes are now in the British Museum (Natural History).
The lectotype is a thick-whorled specimen which is subjectively identifiable
with Ammonites crosbeyi Simpson, 1843. This species has never been regarded
a member of the genus Dactylioceras. It has variously been referred to
Coeloceras Hyatt, 1867, Catacoeloceras Buckman, 1923 and Nodicoeloceras
Buckman, 1926.

Bull, zool. Nomencl. Vol. 16, Part 2. June 1958

68 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

6. In spite of the existence of the lectotype, that specimen has never yet
been used to interpret the species A. annulatus. No figure of the lectotype
has been published since that of Sowerby (1818).

7. Buckman interpreted the species A. annulatus from a specimen he
figured in his Type Ammonites (1927 : pl. 700) which is neither conspecific
nor congeneric with the lectotype.

8. The other three syntypes of A. annulatus are not of the same species or
genus as the lectotype, nor do they themselves represent a single species
according to present-day concepts.

9. Despite Oppel’s formal selection of a lectotype, one of these syntypes
(pl. 222, fig. 2, from Whitby) was for many years regarded as “ typical ” of
the species A. annulatus. Consequently this name was used before 1910 for
a species which is now known as Dactylioceras tenuicostatum (Young & Bird).
It was presumably this interpretation of the species Ammonites annulatus
that was intended by Hyatt when he listed the name under Dactylioceras.
It is certainly one of the commonest species of the genus as it has so far been
understood. However, study of the syntype in question shows that it has
been wrongly interpreted. In the present author’s opinion it is a member of
the species A. semicelatus Simpson, not A. tenuicostatus Young & Bird.

10. The genus Dactylioceras as currently understood embraces, amongst
many others, the species now known as D. tenuicostatum (Young & Bird)
(olim “ D. annulatum”’), the specimen misidentified by Buckman (1927) as
D. annulatum, the three other species listed by Hyatt (1867) as members of
the genus (D. commune, D. holandrei and D. brawnianum) and the three syntypes
of A. annulatus, but not the species A. annulatus as interpreted by the lectotype.

11. Buckman (1926-1927 : 41-46) split up the Upper Liassic members of
the family DACTYLIOCERATIDAE into a large number (29) of genera, many of
which are now regarded as subjective junior synonyms of Dactylioceras. (See,
for example, Donovan, 1954: 5.) Of the species listed by Hyatt under Dactylio-
ceras, A. communis was made type of the genus Koinodactylites Buckman, 1927,
A. braunianus type of Zugodactylites Buckman, 1926, and A. holandrei was
referred to the genus Arcidactylites Buckman, 1926. In addition to these,
the species A. tenuicostatus (which, as we have seen, was for long a species that
went under the name of D. annulatum) was made type of the genus Tenuwt-
dactylites Buckman, 1926, and A. semicelatus (with which one of Sowerby’s
syntypes is subjectively identified) was made the type species of the genus
Kryptodactylites Buckman, 1926. All of these so-called genera are currently
regarded as synonyms of Dactylioceras. ;

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 69

12. In order to preserve the name Dactylioceras for the group of ammonites
which it has always been used to designate, it will be necessary to invoke the
Plenary Powers either to set aside Oppel’s selection of a lectotype for
A. annulatus, or to set aside Buckman’s designation of A. annulatus as type
of the genus.

13. Of these alternative courses, the first would be likely to lead to confusion
since the name A. annulatus has, pending a more adequate description of the
lectotype, passed out of current usage. To resurrect the name to indicate
a common or well known species (e.g. either of those now known as D. tenui-
costatum or D. semicelatum) would lead to name changes of the most objection-
able type. Fortunately Oppel’s designated lectotype represents a rare species,
and its subjective identification with A. crosbeyi Simpson, if confirmed, would
not necessitate more than the suppression of the specific name crosbeyi as a
junior subjective synonym. This name has never been well known or widely
used.

14. The second alternative, the substitution of another species as type
species of the genus Dactylioceras, would lead to no name changes. One of
Buckman’s generic names would become a junior objective synonym of
Dactylioceras instead of a junior subjective synonym, as at present.

15. Of the four original species listed by Hyatt under Dactylioceras, and
which therefore form syntype-species, the best known and most abundant,
and the species most often regarded as “typical ” of Dactylioceras is A. communis.
The two syntypes of this species are preserved in the British Museum (Natural
History). Photographs of one of these (Brit. Mus., Sowerby coll., No. 43895a)
have been published by Crick (1910 : 145, fig. 1) and by Arkell (1956, pl. 33,
figs. 4a, 4b), and this specimen has been designated as the lectotype by Arkell
(1956 : 764).

16. If A. communis becomes type species of Dactylioceras, the name
Koinodactylites Buckman, 1927, will become a junior objective synonym,
as it has the same type species.

17. The family DacryLiocERATIDAE is based on the genus Dactylioceras.
It was first proposed by Hyatt in 1867 in the incorrect form “ DACTYLOIDAR ”
(Hyatt, 1867 : 87, 94).

18. In view of the foregoing facts, I now request the International Com-
mission :—

(1) to use its Plenary Powers (a) to set aside all type-selections for the genus
Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867, made prior to the Ruling now asked for,
and (b), having done so, to designate Ammonites communis Sowerby
(J.), 1815, as the type species of the foregoing genus ;

70 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

(2) to place the name Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 (gender: neuter) (type
species, by designation under the Plenary Powers under (1) (b)
above: Ammonites communis Sowerby (J.), 1815) on the Official
List of Generic Names in Zoology ;

(3) to place the under-mentioned generic names on the Official Index of
Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology :—

(a) Koinodactylites Buckman, 1927 (a junior objective synonym of
Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867, the two genera each having Ammo-
nites communis Sowerby (J.), 1815, as type species) ;

(b) Dactyloceras Fischer, 1879 (J. Conchyliol. 27 : 254) (an Erroneous
Subsequent Spelling for Dactylioceras 1867) ;

(4) to place the specific name communis Sowerby (J.), 1815, as published
in the combination Ammonites communis, as interpreted by the
lectotype designated and figured by Arkell (W.J.) (1956) (specific
name of type species of Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867), on the Official
List of Specific Names in Zoology ;

(5) to place the name DACTYLIOCERATIDAE (correction by Smith, 1913,
(as DACTYLIOCERATINAE) of DACTYLOIDAE) Hyatt, 1867 (type genus :
Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867) on the Official List of Family-Group
Names in Zoology ;

(6) to place the name DAcTYLOIDAE Hyatt, 1867 (an Invalid Original
Spelling for DACTYLIOCERATIDAE) on the Official Index of Rejected
and Invalid Family-Growp Names in Zoology.

References

Arkell, W. J., 1956, Jurassic Geology of the World : 806 pp., 46 pls.

Buckman, 8S. S., 1909-1930. Yorkshire Type Ammonites ; later, Type Ammo-
nites. Privately printed. 7 vols.

Crick, G. C., 1910, Snakestones. The Naturalist for 1910 : 145-146

Donovan, D. T., 1954. Synoptic Supplement to T. Wright’s Monograph on
the Lias Ammonites of the British Islands (Pal. Soc.) (1878-86). 54 pp.

Hyatt, A., 1867. “ The Fossil Cephalopods of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology.” Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 1 : 71-102

Oppell, A., 1856-1858. “ Die Juraformation Englands, Frankreichs und des
siidwestlichen Deutschlands.” (Reprinted from Wiirttemb. naturw.
Jahreshefte, Jhrg. 12-14.)

Smith, J. P., 1913. Order Ammonoidea in Text-Book of Paleontology, edit.
C. R. Eastman from the German of K. A. Zittel

Sowerby, J. and Sowerby, J. de C., 1812-1829. The Mineral Conchology of
Great Britain.

Qs

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 71

PROPOSED USE OF THE PLENARY POWERS TO VALIDATE THE

SPECIFIC NAME “ GEMMASCENS ”’ ESPER, [1794], AS PUBLISHED

IN THE COMBINATION “ MADREPORA GEMMASCENS ”’ (CLASS
HYDROZOA, ORDER STYLASTERINA)

By H. BOSCHMA
(Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 950)

The purpose of the present application is to ask the International Com-
mission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its Plenary Powers to validate
the specific name gemmascens Esper, [1794], as published in the combination
Madrepora gemmascens, by suppressing the specific name gemmascens Wilkens,
1787, as published in the same combination.

2. Houttuyn (1772, Nat. Hist. Linn. 1(17) : 169) used the name “ Dopjes-
Koraal” for a madreporarian coral of the family ocuLINIDAE, which, judging
by the figure, to all appearances belongs to the genus Amphelia. Miiller
(P.L.S.) (1775, Linné vollstind Natursyst. 6(2) : 705) copied Houttuyn’s figure
and used the name ‘“‘ Knospencorall”’. Wilkens (1787, in Pallas, Charakteristic
Thierpflanzen 2 :144) described the coral as Madrepora gemmascens, the
characters being taken from Houttuyn and Miiller. A short characterization
of the coral appeared in Gmelin ([1791], Syst. Nat. (ed. 13) 1(6) : 3781) and
in Bose (1802, Hist. nat. Vers 2 : 281) ; not a single reference was to be found
in later literature.

3. Esper ([1794], Die Pflanzenthiere, Forts. 1(2) : 60) described a styl-
asterine coral from East Indian seas as Madrepora gemmascens. This coral
was referred to by Dana (1848, U.S. explor. Exped., Zooph. : 696) as Allopora
gemmascens, by Milne Edwards & Haime (1850, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris (3)
13 : 98) as Stylaster gemmascens.

4. Kent (1871, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. : 281) tentatively identified a Norwegian
stylasterine coral with Madrepora gemmascens Esper ; Sars (1873, Forh. Vidensk.-
Selsk. Christiania: 115) unhesitatingly used the name Stylaster gemmascens
(Esper) for the Norwegian species. In later papers this name has been in
constant use.

Bull. zool. Nomencl. Vol. 16, Part 2. June 1958

72 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

5. In a recent paper (Boschma, 1955, Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wetensch.
Amsterdam 58(C) : 22-31, pl. 1) it was shown that Esper’s holotype which is
here selected as the lectotype of Madrepora gemmascens is conspecific with the
Norwegian coral at present constantly referred to as Stylaster gemmascens
(Esper), while attention was drawn to the fact that it would lead to great
confusion if this name were to become invalid and had to be replaced by a new
one.

6. The concrete proposals which are accordingly laid before the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature are that it should :—

(1) use its Plenary Powers to suppress the undermentioned names and
usages of names for the purposes both of the Law of Priority and the
Law of Homonymy :—

(a) gemmascens Wilkens, 1787, as published in the combination
Madrepora gemmascens ; :

(b) gammascens, all uses of, in the combination Madrepora gemmascens,
subsequent to Wilkens ((1787) and prior to Esper ([1794)) ;

(2) place the undermentioned specific name on the Official List of Specific
Names in Zoology :—

gemmascens Esper, [1794], as published in the combination Madrepora
gemmascens, as determined by the holotype figured by Boschma
(H.) (1955) ;

(3) place on the Official Indea of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in
Zoology the names and usages of names specified in (1) above, as
there proposed to be suppressed under the Plenary Powers.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 73

REQUEST FOR A RULING AS TO THE SPECIES TO BE ACCEPTED
AS THE TYPE SPECIES OF THE NOMINAL GENUS
“ BATHYLAGUS ”? GUNTHER (A.C.L.G.), 1878 (CLASS PISCES)

By W. I. FOLLETT
(California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, U.S.A.)

and

DANIEL M. COHEN
(University of Florida, Gainesville, U.S.A.)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 1279)

The object of the present application is to secure a decision from the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature regarding the species
to be accepted as the type species of Bathylagus Giinther, 1878 (Class Pisces).

2. The generic name Bathylagus was published by Giinther in 1878 (Ann.
Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 : 248). The nominal genus so established included two
nominal species, Bathylagus antarcticus and Bathylagus atlanticus, each of
which was originally established in the same publication (: 248). Neither
species was designated as the type species of this genus.

3. The earliest action that we have found which might possibly be
considered a selection of the type species of the genus Bathylagus is that of
Jordan & Evermann (1896a, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 47(1) : 528), who published
the following under the generic heading “ 246. BATHYLAGUS, Giinther ” :
“ Bathylagus, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, II, 248 (atlanticus) ”’.

4. Jordan & Evermann (1896a) usually placed a single specific name in
parentheses immediately after their reference to the original publication of the
generic name. However, in several instances they placed two or more specific
names within the parentheses (e.g. Mustelus, page 28; Squalus, page 53;
Aétobatus, page 88; Leuciscus, page 228; Carapus, page 340; Heterandria,
page 686 ; Syngnathus, page 774; Polynemus, page 828; Caranx, page 915 ;
Bodianus, page 1143).

Bull. zool. Nomencl. Vol. 16, Part 2. June 1958

74 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

5. Nowhere did Jordan & Evermann (1896a) explicitly state whether the
single specific name that they usually placed in parentheses immediately
after their reference to the original publication of a generic name was intended
as their selection of the type species.

6. In several instances Jordan & Evermann (1896a) wrote “no type
indicated ’’, or similar words, in place of (or in addition to) the specific name in
parentheses, as follows :

(Page 228) “ Phoxinus, Rafinesque, Ich. Oh., 45, 1820. (No type
stated ; phoxinus understood.) ”

(Page 228) ‘“‘ Dobula, Rafinesque, Ich. Oh., 45, 1820. (No type
mentioned ; dobula understood.) ”’

(Page 228) “ Leuciscus, Rafinesque, J. c. 45. (No type mentioned ;
leuciscus understood.) ”

(Page 243) “ Rutilus, Rafinesque, Ich. Oh., 48, 50, 1820. (rutilus :
no type indicated on page 48; on page 50, rutilus mentioned.) ”

(Page 353) “ Ariosoma, Swainson, Nat. Hist., Class’n Fishes, I, 220,
1838. (No type mentioned ; diagnosis worthless.) ”

(Page 625) “ Hsox, Artedi, Genera Piscium, 14, 1738 (in part, three
species: The Pike, Garfish, and Gar Pike; no type indicated, but the
Pike was to Artedi the best-known species) ”’.

(Page 789) ‘‘ Membras, Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1836 (no type
indicated) ”’.

(Page 796) ‘‘ Menidia, Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, about 1836 (no type
indicated, menidia doubtless intended) ”’.

7. Where Jordan & Evermann (1896a) established a new nominal genus
(Verma : 374; Tarpon : 409; Jenkinsia : 418; Anchovia : 449; Mitchillina :
453; Nansenia : 528; Vinciguerria: 577; Valenciennellus : 577; Cololabis :
726; Lethostole: 792; Kirtlandia: 794; EHurystole : 802; Bipinnula : 878 ;
Psychromaster : 1099; Copelandellus: 1100; Ocyanthias : 1227), they in-
variably placed a single specific name in parentheses immediately after the
words ‘“‘ new genus ”’, without explanation.

8. Where Jordan & Evermann (1896a) established a new nominal subgenus
(Haustor : 135; Iotichthys : 228; Opsopoea : 247; Orcella: 254; Yuriria:
314; Scutica: 403; Lile : 428; Spirinchus : 522; Kenoza : 625; Fontinus :
633 ; Gambusinus : 633 ; Palometa : 965 ; Swainia : 1039 ; Torrentaria : 1066 ;
Nivicola : 1066; Rafinesquiellus : 1066; Claricola : 1066 ; Enneistus : 1143 ;

eta

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 75

Archoperca : 1169; Xystroperca : 1169), with one exception they invariably
placed a single specific name in parentheses immediately after the words “ new
subgenus ” or “ subgen. nov.”, without explanation. The one exception is
that of Azteca (: 254), where they placed two specific names, “ vittata =
aztecus”’, in parentheses immediately after the words “ new subgenus ”’,
without explanation.

9. In their preface Jordan & Evermann (1896a : VI) stated, “ The present
work is, in a sense, a revision of the ‘ Synopsis of the Fishes of North America 7
published in 1883 by Jordan & Gilbert as Bulletin 16 of the United States
National Museum”. In the “Synopsis of the Fishes of North America oe
Jordan & Gilbert had invariably written the word “ type ” before the name
of the single species that they cited in their reference to the original publication
of each generic name. For example, under the generic heading ‘‘ 118.—Elops
Linnaeus’, Jordan & Gilbert (1883 : 261) wrote as follows: “ (Linnaeus,
Syst. Nat.: type Hlops saurus L.)”’.

10. In the foregoing circumstances, and bearing in mind the requirement
Rule (g) in Article 30 that “ The meaning of the expression ‘ select the type ’ is
to be rigidly construed ”, we request the International Commission to rule that
Jordan & Evermann (1896a : 528) did not select Bathylagus atlanticus as the
type species of the nominal genus Bathylagus Giinther, 1878.

11. If the International Commission rules as requested in paragraph 10,
supra, the next earliest action that we have found which might possibly be
regarded as a selection of the type species of the genus Bathylagus must be
considered. It is contained in a paper published later in the same year by
Jordan & Evermann ([1896]), Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish and Fish. 21 : 295, and
is set forth under the generic heading “‘ Genus 247. BATH YLAGUS Giinther 23
as follows: “ Bathylagus Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., II, 1878, 248
(atlanticus) ”’.

12. In their preface to this later work Jordan & Evermann (1896 : 210)
wrote as follows: “The name in parenthesis following the reference to the
generic name is that of the species taken by the describer as the type of the
genus ”’,

13. In view of the foregoing statement that the name in parentheses is that
of the species “‘taken by the describer” as the type, we doubt that the
parenthetical name atlanticus (when “ rigidly construed ”’) sufficiently demon-
strates a selection of type by Jordan & Evermann themselves. Accordingly,
we request the International Commission to rule that Jordan & Evermann
(1896 : 210, 295) did not select Bathylagus atlanticus as the type species of the
nominal genus Bathylagus Giinther, 1878.

76 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

14. If the International Commission rules as requested in paragraph 13,
supra, the next earliest action must be considered. We believe it to be that
published by Jordan (1919, Genera of Fishes (33) : 394-395) under the heading
** 1240. GUNTHER (1878). Preliminary Notices of Deep-Sea Fishes Collected
During the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 11,
17-28, 179-187, 248-251 ”’, as follows :

** Bathylagus Giinther, 248 ; logotype B. antarcticus Gthr.”.

15. In part 3 of the work cited in paragraph 14 above, Jordan did not
explain his use of the word “ logotype ’’, but he had stated in part 2 of the same
work, published earlier in 1919, as follows (page 165): “‘ A logotype is one
selected by the ‘ First Reviser’.”’

16. Although Jordan did not state that in this instance he himself was the
“‘ First Reviser”’, we doubt that it was necessary for him to do so, since he
suggested nothing to the contrary. Accordingly, we request the International
Commission to rule that Jordan (1919, Genera of Fishes, (3) : 395) selected
Bathylagus antarcticus as the type species of the nominal genus Bathylagus
Giinther, 1878.

17. If, as we hope that International Commission shares our view that the
type species of Bathylagus Giinther is Bathylagus antarcticus of the same
author, we would ask that this generic name be placed on the Official List of
Generic Names in Zoology and that the specific name antarcticus Ginther, 1878,
as published in the combination Bathylagus antarcticus, should, as the specific
name of the type species of the above genus, be placed on the Official List of
Specific Names in Zoology. In this connection we should explain that the above
is a well-understood and taxonomically valid species. We have considered
also whether it is desirable that the specific name atlanticus Ginther, 1878, as
published in the combination Bathylagus atlanticus, the name of the second
of the two nominal species entering into the present case, should also under the
“* Completeness-of-Opinion ’”» Rule be placed on the above Official List. We
are of the opinion, however, that it is not desirable that this should be done,
for the nominal species so named was poorly described and has never been
figured and we have not had an opportunity of examining its holotype.

18. The nominal genus Bathylagus Giinther is currently placed in the
family BATHYLAGIDAE or in the family aRGENTINIDAE. The first of these
names was published (in the correct form BATHYLAGIDAE) by Gill (T.N.),
1884 (Science 3 : 621), the second (as the name for a subfamily, in the form
ARGENTININI) by Bonaparte (C.L.J.L.) in 1846 (Cat. met. Pesci Europ. : 25).
We consider it desirable that both these names should now be placed on the
Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, since the name ARGENTINIDAE
is used for the genus Argentina Linnaeus, 1758 (Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 315) by
all specialists, irrespective of whether or not they accept also the family

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 77

BATHYLAGIDAE. Since the former name was published as the name of a
subfamily, it will need to be entered on the Official List as ARGENTININAE ; the
Invalid Original Spelling aRGENTININI will need to be placed at the same time
on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology,
with a note that, while this spelling is invalid as the spelling for a subfamily
name, it is available as the name for any category within the family-group
for which no prescribed termination has been laid down by the International
Congress of Zoology. Finally, it will be necessary to place the generic name
Argentina Linnaeus on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology and the
specific name of its type species on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology.
The species concerned, which is the type species by monotypy, is Argentina
sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758 (: 315).

19. For the reasons set forth in the present application the request which
we make to the International Commission is that it should :—

(1) give a Ruling that the type species of the genus Bathylagus Giinther
(A.C.L.G.), 1878, is the nominal species Bathylagus antarcticus
Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878, by selection by Jordan (D.S.) (1919 : 395) ;

(2) place the under-mentioned generic names on the Official List of Generic
Names in Zoology :—

(a) Bathylagus Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878 (gender: masculine) (type
species, by selection by Jordan (D.8.), (1919): Bathylagus
antarcticus Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878) ;

(b) Argentina Linnaeus, 1758 (gender: feminine) (type species, by
monotypy: Argentina sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758) ;

(3) place the under-mentioned specific names on the Official List of Specific
Names in Zoology :—

(a) antarcticus Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878, as published in the
combination Bathylagus antarcticus (specific name of type species.
of Bathylagus Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878) ;

(b) sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination
Argentina sphyraena (specific name of type species of Argentina
Linnaeus, 1758) ;

(4) place the under-mentioned family-group names on the Official List of
Family-Group Names in Zoology :—

(a) BATHYLAGIDAE Gill (T.N.), 1884 (type genus: Bathylagus Giinther
(A.C.L.G.), 1878) ;

(b) ARGENTININAE (correction of ARGENTININI) Bonaparte (C.L.J.L.),
1846 (type genus: Argentina Linnaeus, 1758) ;

78 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

(5) place the under-mentioned family-group name on the Official Index of
Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology :—

ARGENTININI Bonaparte (C.L.J.L.), 1846 (type genus: Argentina
Linnaeus, 1758) (an Invalid Original Spelling for AaRGENTININAE
but available as the name for a taxon within the family-group
belonging to a category, for names of taxa in which there is no

prescribed termination).

SUPPORT FOR THE APPLICATION REGARDING THE GENERIC
NAME “MYSIS’’ LATREILLE, [1802-1803] (CLASS CRUSTACEA,
ORDER MYSIDACEA)

By HENNING LEMCHE
(Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark)

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 1319)
(For the application here referred to see Bull. zool. Nomencl. 16 : 51-61)
(Letter dated 7th March 1958)

The name Mysis is so generally known and used by marine biologists, both
as a generic name and as the basis of family- and ordinal names, that its
disappearance for purely technical reasons would certainly be felt by many to
constitute a blow to the authority of the Rules of Nomenclature.

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 79

SUPPORT FOR W. J. ARKELL’S PROPOSAL FOR THE ADDITION

TO THE “ OFFICIAL LIST OF FAMILY-GROUP NAMES IN ZOOLOGY ”’

OF CERTAIN NAMES PUBLISHED BY HYATT (A.) AND HAUG (E.)
RESPECTIVELY

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 954)

(a) By P. C. SYLVESTER-BRADLEY
(UOnwwersity of Sheffield, England)

(Letter dated 19th May 1955)

I wish to support Dr. W. J. Arkell’s proposal to place certain Ammonite
names on the Official List of Family-Grouwp Names, which I understand has been
registered as Application Z.N.(S.) 954.

(b) By D. T. DONOVAN
(University of Bristol, England)

(Letter dated 23rd May 1955)

With regard to Dr. Arkell’s proposals for the addition to the Official List of
Family-Group Names in Zoology of a number of family-group names for
Ammonoidea, a copy of which he has sent to me, I fully concur with his proposal
that the seven names listed in his para. 6 should be added to the List in their
correct form, to be accepted as dating from their original publication in unorthodox
form by the authors cited. In view of the lack of uniformity as to termination
of family-group names in the earlier ammonoid literature, any other course would,
in my opinion, be undesirable, and would give rise to unnecessary difficulty.

(c) By C. W. WRIGHT
(London)

(Letter dated 16th February 1958)

I should like to support strongly Dr. Arkell’s application in respect of the

_ family-group name OLCOSTEPHANIDAE, which is of great importance in the Lower

Cretaceous. Similarly the generic name on which it is based, Olcostephanus, should
be firmly established in its proper form.

80 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

SUPPORT FOR MR. P. C. SYLVESTER-BRADLEY’S PROPOSAL

FOR THE USE OF THE PLENARY POWERS TO DESIGNATE FOR

THE GENUS “ DACTYLIOCERAS ’’ HYATT, 1867 (CLASS CEPHA-

LOPODA, ORDER AMMONOIDEA) A TYPE SPECIES IN HARMONY
WITH ACCUSTOMED USAGE

(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 956)

AIPROUASEY ZAG MORE

fy Ong (a) By W. J. ARKELL iy Laie
(Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge) OS

~

(Letter dated 20th May 1955) wot!

I have received from Sylvester-Bradley a copy of his application for the use
of the Plenary Powers to legalise accustomed usage in the matter of the genus
Dactylioceras, and having studied it carefully I am in complete agreement and
wish to support his application.

You will notice that his proposal in paragraph 18(5) of his paper overlaps
with a paper I sent you the other day and which crossed Bradley’s communication
in the post. I leave you to sort out this overlap.

(b) By L. F. SPATH
(British Museum (Natural History), London)

(Letter dated 20th May 1955)

I should like to support Mr. P. C. Sylvester-Bradley’s application for the use
of the Plenary Powers to designate a type species for the genus Dactylioceras,
Hyatt, 1867, in harmony with accustomed usage. After all, Ammonites communis
Sowerby (J.), 1815, should have been the obvious type species of Dactylioceras
from the start and was probably regarded thus by Hyatt.

(ec) By D. T. DONOVAN
(Unwersity of Bristol, England)

(Letter dated 23rd May 1955)

I wish to support the application by Mr. P. C. Sylvester-Bradley to the
International Commission to set aside previous designations of the type species
of the genus Dactylioceras, and to fix the type species of this genus as Ammonites
communis Sowerby, 1815. This species has often been cited as a typical example
of Dactylioceras and its formal designation would stabilise’the universally accepted
interpretation of the generic name. :

CONTENTS

(continued from front wrapper)

_ Notices prescribed by the International Congress of Zoology :

Date of commencement by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature of voting on the application
published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature ua

Notice of the possible use by the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature of its Plenary Powers in a certain
case Me He 4

Personnel of the International Commission on Zoological Nomen-
clature: Election of a Commissioner prs ha ‘ie

(a) New Applications

Proposed use of the Plenary Powers to designate a type species for
the genus Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803], and validation of
neotype for species (Cancer oculatus Fabricius, 1780) so
designated are Crustacea, Order si a Sac
Holmquist) . oy

Proposed addition to the Ofeiat List of certain rats Crone names
for Ammonoidea (W. J. Arkell)

Proposed use of the Plenary Powers to designate a type species for
the genus Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 (Class Cephalopoda, Order
Ammonoidea: Jurassic) in harmony with accustomed usage
(P. C. Sylvester-Bradley) .. , i be is

Proposed use of the Plenary Powers to validate the specific name
gemmascens Esper, [1794] (Madrepora) ee We ate Order
Stylasterina) (H. Boschma) aid

ae for a ruling as to the species to be accepted as the type
species of the nominal genus Bathylagus eth vet 1878 a:
ingle) (W. I. Follett & D. M. Cohen)

Page

49

49

50

51

62

67

71

73

CONTENTS

(continued from inside back wrapper)

(b) Comments on Applications

Page

Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda)
(proposals by L. B. Holthuis) : support by J.C. Yaldwyn .. 66

Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803] (Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea)
(proposal by Charlotte Holmquist): support by H. Lemche .. 78

Proposed addition to the Official List of certain family-group names
for Ammonoidea (proposal by W. J. Arkell): support by
(a) P. C. Sylvester- sakes (b) 1 D. T. Donovan ; (°) C. W.
Wright is 79

Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea)
(proposal by P. C. Sylvester-Bradley) : support by (@) Wise
Arkell ; (b) L. F. Spath ; (c) D. T. Donovan .. 80

Draft of the English Text of the “‘ Régles ’’

The attention of zoologists and palaeontologists is drawn to the publication
on 29th November 1957 of the draft of the revised English Text of the ** Régles ”’
which will form the basis of the discussions by the Colloquium on Zoological
Nomenclature and the Fifteenth International Congress of Zoology in London
in July 1958. This document has been published in two instalments as Sextuple-
Part 1/6 and Triple-Part 7/9 of Volume 14 of the “* Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature ’’.

All enquiries in regard to the above and other publications issued by the
International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature should be addressed to:
The Publications Officer of the Trust, 41 Queen’s Gate, London, S.W.7.

Printed in England by METCALFE & Cooper LimiTeD, 10-24 Scrutton St. London E C2

_- VOLUME 16. Part 3

24th November 1958
ss épp. 81—104, T.P.—(VIII)

NOMENCLATURE

The Official Organ of

THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON
ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Edited by
FRANCIS HEMMING, C.M.G., C.B.E.

PURCHASED

eT a
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LONDON :

Printed by Order of the International Trust for
Zoological Nomenclature
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Nomenclature by the International Trust at its Publications Office,
41, Queen’s Gate, London, S.W.7
1958

Price Nineteen Shillings

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BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

Volume 16, Part 3 (pp. 81—104, T.P.—(VII1)) 24th November 1958

PROPOSED ADDITION TO THE “ OFFICIAL LIST OF SPECIFIC

NAMES IN ZOOLOGY ” OF THE SPECIFIC NAME “ DUPONCHELI ”’

STAUDINGER, 1871, AS PUBLISHED IN THE COMBINATION

** LEUCOPHASIA DUPONCHELI ’’, A WELL-KNOWN NAME

WHICH HAS BEEN RECENTLY THREATENED (CLASS INSECTA,
ORDER LEPIDOPTERA)

By FRANCIS HEMMING, C.M.G., C.B.E.

(Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Miinchen)
(Commission Reference : Z.N.(S.) 1324)

The purpose of the present application is to ask the International Commission
on Zoological Nomenclature to place on the Official List of Specific Names in
Zoology the specific name duponcheli Staudinger, 1871, as published in the
combination Leucophasia duponcheli, and thus to protect the name for a
well-known European species of the family prer1ipaE which, though perfectly
valid, has recently been threatened as the result of a misunderstanding of the
earlier history of this and certain associated names. Two closely allied species
are involved in this case and it will be convenient to refer to these species at
this stage as Species “‘ A” and Species “ B” respectively.

2. The first of the species concerned (species ““A”’) is Papilio sinapis
Linnaeus, 1758 (Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 468). This is the species known in
England as the ‘‘ Wood White ” and in Germany as the “ Lichtwald-Weissling ”
or “ Senfweissling’’. It is the type species by monotypy of the genus Leptidea
Billberg, 1820 (Enum. Ins. Mus. Billberg. : 76).

3. The first author subsequent to Linnaeus, whose treatment of the above
species (species “‘ A’) we have to consider, is Jacob Hiibner. In all, Hiibner
dealt with this species three times in his Sammlung ewropdischer Schmetterlinge.
The references are as follows :—

(a) On Pl. Pap. 82, figs. 410-411 (published between December 1799 and
April 1800) Hiibner figured the upper- and under-side of a female.

e SH M™M
oO ie ‘ (London) agile >
ee 5 Utts wud and \2 x tote ay
NY, PAL Hi 08
LEO SHELJUZHKO ~~ TS

82 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

He placed the species in the genus Papilio and misspelled its specific
name as “ senapis’”’.

(b) In the relevant portion (: 64) of the so-called “ Ziefer ” text Hitibner
gave a description of this species which he again called Papilio
senapis [sic]. He gave a reference to his figures 410-411 and stated
that the “Heimat” of this species was ‘‘ Deutschland’. This
portion of the text was published in 1806 between August and
November.

(c) On Pl. Pap.160, figs. 797-798 (published in 1823 between April and
December) Hiibner figured the upper- and under-side of a male
specimen of the spring brood of this species under the name Papilio
lathyri. (As will be seen in the immediately following paragraph this
was not the first publication of the specific name lathyrt.)

(Note: Until about twenty years ago when the surviving Hibner
manuscripts became available for study, the dates attributable to
names published by Hiibner in his various works had been surrounded
by much doubt. The dates here adopted are thus determined in the
light of a detailed survey of these manuscripts by Hemming, 1937
(Hiibner, vol. 1).)

4, Species “ A” was dealt with also by Hiibner in another work which
appeared in parts in the period 1816-1825 under the title Verzeichniss bekannter
Schmettlinge [sic]. In this work, as is well known, Hiibner adopted a much
more elaborate system of classification for the Order Lepidoptera, dividing
up the broad genera (Papilio, Sphinx, Bombyx, etc.) which alone he had
recognised in the Sammlung ewropdischer Schmetterlinge into a large number of
new genera. One. of the genera so recognised (: 95) was the genus Leptosia
Hiibner, which he had already established in 1818 in his Zutr. z. Samml. exot.
Schmett. (1 : 13). The type species of this genus by selection by Butler (1870,
Cist. ent. 1 : 54) is Leptosia chlorographa Hiibner, 1818 (loc. cit. 1 : 13, pl. [9],
figs. 47, 48), a taxon which is currently regarded as being a subspecies of the
Indo-Oriental species Leptosia nina (Fabricius, 1793) (= Papilio nina Fabricius,
1793, Ent. syst. 3(1) : 194). Although this is not a Palaearctic genus, it requires
consideration here because the first of the four nominal species placed in it by
Hiibner in the Verzeichniss was the species which we have agreed to call
species “A”. This appeared here under the name Leptosia lathyri, which
was defined by two references cited as follows: ‘‘ Senapis [sic] Linn. Syst.
Pap.79. Hiibn.Pap.410.411 ”. This use of the specific name lathyrt by Hiibner
was published in [1819], thus antedating by four years the use by Hiibner
of the same name on plate Pap.160 of the Sammlung ewropdischer Schmetterlinge
which (as shown in paragraph 3(c) above) was not published until 1823.

5. As shown above, the nominal species Leptosia lathyri Hiibner, [1819], as
established in the Verzeichniss, was based partly upon Papilio sinapis Linnaeus,

ie RE

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 83

1758, and partly upon the specimen of that species figured by Hiibner (figs.
410, 411) in [1799-1800] under the name Papilio senapis [sic]. The usage
of the name lathyri by subsequent authors to denote the spring-brood form of
Species “ A ”’, for which it was first employed in 1823 on Hiibner’s pl. Pap.160
(figs. 797, 798), is thus seen to be incorrect, Hiibner not having used it in this
sense when in [1819] he first introduced this name. In order to put an end to
further discussion as to the interpretation of the specific name lathyri Hiibner
it is, in our view, desirable that a lectotype should now be selected for the
nominal species Leptosia lathyri Hiibner, [1819]. Accordingly, from the two
elements on which (as noted in paragraph 4 above) this nominal species
was based we now select the lectotype of Papilio sinapis Linnaeus, 1758
(the first of the two elements included by Hiibner) to be the lectotype of
Leptosia lathyri Hiibner, [1819]. By this selection the specific name lathyri
Hiibner becomes a junior objective synonym of simapis Linnaeus. (If the
other element included by Hiibner in his nominal species Leptosia lathyri,
namely his figures 410 and 411 on plate Pap.82 of the Sammlung, had been
selected as the lectotype of the above nominal species, the specific name
lathyri Hiibner, [1819], would still have been a junior synonym of the specific
name sinapis Linnaeus, though in that event this synonymisation would have
been subjective only instead of being objective, as it is now through the
lectotype selection made above.)

6. Having now established that the oldest available name for Species “ A”
is Papilio sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, and having taken steps which have had the
effect of securing that Leptosia lathyri Hiibner; [1819], is a junior objective
synonym of that name, we may turn to consider the question of the name
properly applicable to Species ““B’”’. This species which has a much more
restricted distribution in the Palaearctic Region than Species “A ’”’, closely
resembles it in many ways but can constantly be distinguished from it by the
antennae and by the genitalia and other characters.

7. The first author to recognise Species ““B”’ as specifically distinct from
Species ‘‘ A’ was Duponchel who described and figured it in 1834 (in Godart,
Hist. nat. Lépid. France, Suppl. 1 (Diurnes) : 274, pl. 43, figs. 4, 53), giving
as its locality “Provence, Aix; Languedoc, Florac’”’. Unfortunately,
Duponchel did not give this species a new name, believing that it was the same
species as that which in 1823 Hiibner had illustrated on pl. Pap.160 (figs.
797-798) of the Sammlung and had there called Papilio lathyri. Duponchel,
believing that this specific name was available for his new species (Species
“B”’), called it Pieris lathyri. As has been pointed out (paragraph 3(c) above)
Hiibner’s figures 797-798 represented no more than a male of the spring
brood of Species ‘“ A” (Papilio sinapis Linnaeus), strongly marked examples
of which do sometimes resemble Species ““B”. The point which it is
important to note here is that Duponchel did not introduce the name lathyri
as a new name of his own; all that he did, when describing “ Species B”’,

84 : Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

was to misidentify with that species the figures of Species ‘‘ A ’’ published by
Hiibner in 1823 and in consequence mistakenly to apply to Species ““B” a
specific name (lathyri Hiibner) previously applied to Species “ A ”’.

8. Duponchel’s misidentification of Hiibner’s figures 797-798 with Species
“B” and the consequent use of the name lathyri Hiibner for that species
continued unchallenged for nearly forty years, that name being used in that
sense, for example, by Boisduval ([1836]), Doubleday (1847) and Herrich-
Schaeffer (1848; 1851). The mistake made by Duponchel was not detected
until 1871 in which year Staudinger (1871, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat.
Lep. europ. Fawnengeb. : 5) gave the name Leucophasia duponcheli to Species
“B”. In introducing this name Staudinger first remarked “ Lathryi Hb.
aliae sp. est var.” and then cited the following references which collectively
form the basis of his new nominal species: ‘‘ Lathyri Dup. I, 43.3.4 (1832) ;.
HS. 407-8; Bell. Ann. §.Fr.1869 p. 513 (non praec. [i.e. sinapis Linnaeus]
var.)”’. Staudinger gave for this species the following indication as to its
distribution: ‘‘ Gall.m.; Ped.; Bith.; Pont.’’. In the case of a nominal
species such as Leucophasia duponcheli Staudinger which rests entirely upon
bibliographical references to earlier descriptions and figures published under a
different name and for which a wide range of localities was cited by its author,
it is desirable that it should be given a fully determinate character by the
selection for it of a lectotype and by the designation of a “* Restricted Locality ”’.
In the present case no such action has hitherto been taken and we take the
present opportunity to do so. Fortunately, there is in this case no doubt
as to the choice which should be made, for the use by Staudinger of the specific
name duponcheli for this species clearly indicates that it was the specimens
described by Duponchel in 1834 (not 1832, as incorrectly stated by Staudinger)
in the Supplement to Godart’s Hist. nat. Lépid. France (Suppl. 1 (Diurnes) : 274,
pl. 43, figs. 4, 53) (the first of the works cited in the original description of
this species) which Staudinger principally had in mind when he established
the nominal species Leucophasia dwponcheli. We accordingly here select as
the lectotype of this nominal species the specimen shown by Duponchel as
fig. 4 on his plate 43. From the two localities cited by Duponchel, we here
select ‘‘ Aix-en-Provence” to be the “ Restricted Locality ’’ for this species.

9. Staudinger’s action in 1871 in rejecting the name lathyri Duponchel
for Species ‘‘ B”’ and in giving it the new name duponcheli was undoubtedly
correct : (a) because Duponchel did not publish the name lathyri as a new
name for Species “ B’’, doing no more than to apply to it the name lathyri
as applied by Hiibner in 1823 to two figures (figs. 797, 798) published in the
Sammlung europdischer Schmetterlinge ; (b) because, contrary to Duponchel’s
belief, the specimens figured by Hiibner belonged to Species “ A” and not to
Species ‘‘B”; (c) because, even if the specimens figured by Hiibner in 1823
had belonged to Species “‘ B’’, the name lathyri Hiibner could not have been
properly employed for that species, since lathyri Hiibner, as of 1823, was not a

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 85

new name, being no more than a later usage of the same name as published
by Hiibner in the Verzeichniss (paragraphs 4 and 5 above) where it was applied
to the nominate subspecies of Species “‘ A ”’, i.e. to the subspecies of that species
to which in 1758 Linnaeus gave the name Papilio sinapis. We may sum up
this part of the subject by observing that neither Hiibner in 1823 nor
Duponchel in 1834 published the name lathyri as a new name but that, even
if either of them had done so, that name could not have become the valid name
for Species ‘‘ B”’, for, as the same name had previously been published (in [1819])
as a name for Species “ A ”, which is regarded by all authors as being congeneric
with Species “ B”, the name lathyri as applied to Species “ B” would have
been invalid as a junior secondary homonym of the name lathyri as previously
applied to Species “A”.

10. The action taken by Staudinger in 1871 won immediate acceptance
from his contemporaries and for nearly ninety years now Species ‘‘ B ” has been
known by the specific name duponcheli Staudinger, 1871, the name which
properly belongs to it. In the last few years, however, two authors have sought
to resurrect the specific name lathyri for Species “B”. These are: (1)
Verity (R.) (1947, Farfalle diurne d'Italia 3 : 116), who based his action on the
fallacious argument that, although published as a specific name, the name
lathyri Hiibner applied only to an infra-subspecific form and therefore did not
invalidate the later use of the same name by Duponchel as the specific name
for Species ‘‘B”; (2) Wiltshire (E.P.) (Lep. Iraq : 20), who gave no reason
and was presumably following Verity. It is very important to forestall the
confusion which would arise if the phantom name lathryi Duponchel were
once more to make its way into the literature and it is for this reason that we
now ask that this matter be disposed of : (a) by the addition of that name to
the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology, and (b) by
the addition of the name duponcheli Staudinger, 1871, as published in the
combination Leucophasia dwponcheli, to the Official List of Specific Names in
Zoology.

11. In addition to the foregoing which are our principal recommendations
there are certain others involved either directly or indirectly in the present
case which we consider should be included for the sake of completeness. First,
the specific name lathyri Hubner, [1819], as published in the combination
Leptosia lathyri, which, as shown in paragraph 5 above, is a junior objective
Synonym of sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Papilio
sinapis, should be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific
Names in Zoology. Second, the specific name sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, as a name
closely involved in the present case, should be placed on the Official List and
so also should the specific names nina Fabricius, 1793, as published in the
combination Papilio nina, and chlorographa Hiibner, 1818, as published in the
combination Leptosia chlorographa (paragraph 4 above). At the same time
the Erroneous Subsequent Spelling senapis Hiibner, [1799-1800] (paragraph
3(a) above) should be placed on the Official Index. The nominal species Papilio

86 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, is the type species of Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (para-
graph 2 above) which should now be placed on the Official List of Generic Names
in Zoology, while its junior objective synonym Leucophasia Stephens, 1827
(lll. Brit. Ent., Haustellata 4 : 24), of which the same species is the type
species by monotypy, should be placed on the Official Index of Rejected and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology. The following names should also be placed
on the Official Index :—(1) Leptidia Scudder, 1875 (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci.,
Boston 10 : 204) (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for Leptidea Billberg,
1820) ; (2) Leptoria Stephens, 1835 (Ill. Brit. Ent., Haustellata 4 : 404) (an
Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for Leptosia Hiibner, 1818). In addition, the
generic name Leptosia Hiibner, 1818, with Leptosia chlorographa Hibner, 1818,
as type species (paragraph 4 above) should be placed on the Official List.
Finally, at the family-group-name level the name LEPTIDEIDI Verity, 1947
(Farfalle diurne d'Italia 3 : 114) should be placed on the Official List of Family-
Group Names in Zoology, while the following invalid names should be placed
on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology :
(a) LEPTostrpDI Wheeler (G.), 1903 (Butts. Switz. : 65, 147), a name which under
Declaration 28 (1956, Ops. Decls. int. Comm. zool. Nomencl. 14 : xi-xxiv) is
invalid because its author was under the mistaken belief that the type species
of its type genus (Leptosia Hiibner, 1818, Zutr. z. Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : 13)
was Papilio sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, whereas in fact its type species by selection
by Scudder (S.H.) (1875, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 204) is
Leptosia chlorographa Hiibner, 1818, a species which, as noted in paragraph 4
above, is not congeneric with Papilio sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, and indeed not
closely related to it; (b) LEPTIDINAE Bryk, 1955 (Ent. Tidskr. 76 : 19), an
Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for LEPTIDEINAE.

12. For the reasons set forth in the present application, we ask the Inter-
national Commission on Zoological Nomenclature :—

(1) to place the under-mentioned specific names on the Official List of Specific
Names in Zoology :—

(a) duponcheli Staudinger, 1871; as published in the combination
Leucophasia duponcheli, as interpreted by the lectotype selected,
and by the “ Restricted Locality ’’ designated, in paragraph 8
of the present application ;

(b) sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Papilio
sinapis (specific name of type species of Leptidea Billberg, 1820) ;

(c) chlorographa Hiibner, 1818, as published in the combination
Leptosia chlorographa (specific name of type species of Leptosia
Hiibner, 1818) ;

(d) nina Fabricius (J.C.), 1793, as published in the combination
Papilio nina ;

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 87

(2) to place the under-mentioned specific names on the Official Index of

Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology :—

(a) lathyri Hiibner, [1819], as published in the combination Leptosia
lathyri (a junior objective synonym of sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, as
published in the combination Papilio sinapis, through the
lectotype selection made in paragraph 5 of the present
application) ;

(b) lathyrt Hiibner, [1823], as published in the combination Papilio
lathyri (not a new name but a later, though different, usage of the
name specified in (a) above) ;

(c) lathyri Duponchel, 1834, as published in the combination Pieris
lathyri (not a new name but a later usage of the name specified
in (a) above, based ona misidentification of the taxon so named) ;

(d) senapis Hiibner, [1799-1800], as published in the combination
Papilio senapis (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for sinapis
Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Papilio sinapis):

(3) to place the under-mentioned generic names on the Official List of Generic
Names in Zoology :—
(a) Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (gender: feminine) (type species, by
monotypy : Papilio sinapis Linnaeus, 1758) ;
(b) Leptosia Hiibner, 1818 (gender: feminine) (type species, by
selection by Butler (1870): Leptosia chlorographa Hiibner,
1818) ;

(4) to place the under-mentioned generic names on the Official Index of
Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology :—
(a) Leptidia Scudder, 1875 (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for
Leptidea Billberg, 1820) ;
(b) Leptoria Stephens, 1835 (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for
Leptosia Hiibner, 1818) ;
(c) Leucophasia Stephens (J.F.), 1827 (a junior objective synonym
of Leptidea Billberg, 1820) ;
(5) to place the under-mentioned family-group name on the Official List
of Family-Group Names in Zoology :—
LEPTIDEIDI Verity (R.), 1947 (type genus : Leptidea Billberg, 1820);

(6) to place the under-mentioned family-group names on the Official Index of
Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology :—
(a) LEPTIDINAE Bryk, 1955 (type genus: Leptidea Billberg, 1820)
(an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for LEPTIDEINAE) ;
(b) LEPTosmmpI Wheeler (G.), 1903 (invalid under Declaration 28
because based upon an incorrect determination of the type
genus, Leptosia Hiibner, 1818).

88 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

CORRIGENDA

page 48. Paragraph 2, line 7: substitute “‘13” for “12”

page 65. Paragraph 8, line 7: substitute ‘‘ PLEURACANTHITIDAE ” for ‘‘ PLEURO-
ACANTHITIDAE ”

page 72. Paragraph 6(1)(b), first line: substitute ‘‘ gemmascens”’ for ‘ gam-
mascens ””

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 89

INDEX
TO AUTHORS OF APPLICATIONS AND OF COMMENTS
ON APPLICATIONS

Page Page
Arkell, W. J... +e 62-66, 80 Glen, R. "i oe - 38
Grandi, G. .. a Sy aut

Bailey, 8. W. - a 40
Balfour-Browne, J. .. 9, 11, 15, 20, Peak Wiad...) bes 20) 22, ol; 42

22, 38-39, 43, 44
Hemming, F. _IV-VI,, 1-2, 5-47,

Boschma, H .. we .. 71-72 81-87
Bradley, J. C. len, ss V LESWEEE. Herford,G.V.B. .. Sey sao
Brett, G. A. . .. 38 Hering, E. M. % 19, 22, 41
Bushell, H. 8. “Ff 20, 22, 42 Holmquist, Charlotte o> B61
bell, T. G. a ve 40
Eerpte Kemper, H. .. aa is 36
Be ec by aH 39
te Key, K. H. L. ee ae
BOIVES ss ae .. 73-78
oD: Kirkpatrick, T.W. .. 0... 35
Donovan, D. T. ae .. 79, 80
Lal, K. B. ae x a3 40
Esaki, T. = aS .. 20, 37 Lemche, H. .. = .. 48, 78
Fennah, R. G. ehogeers So | Marchal Goes} + 10g 98) 36, 41
Follett, W. I. 4s .. 73-78
yeoman. J. A. = ug 38 Naudé, T. J. eo a 40

Gay, F.J. .. sf a 40 Oman, P. W. ive ie 40

90 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Page Page
Palmer, Miriam A. .. ye 48 Vaurie, Patricia Bes 38
Pearson, E. O. ae 20, 22, 42 Voss, E. re! .. 20, 22, 37, 43
Pope, R. D. .. e3 20, 22, 42
Warner, Rose E. xe .. 19, 36
med ae 2 NEA Far aRiCK {7 ho en
Sachtleben, H. i is 39
Sheljuzhko, L. a i Neldnyn ds 2-597) a ae
Spath, L. F. .. e ae 80
Zacher, F. .. a wR 37
Strouhal, H. .. ag 2 37

Zimmerman, E.C. .. 9, 11, 15, 20,
Sylvester-Bradley, P.C. 67-70, 79 22, 38-39, 44

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

SUBJECT INDEX

abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Curculio
abbreviatus (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera), i pea addition of, to the
Official List of Specific Names in Zoology ee

abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the combination Curculio
abbreviatus (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera), proposed validation of, under

91

Page

46

the Plenary Powers, to be the specific name for the Corn Root Weevil 5-33, 34-37

proposed addition of, to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology

AMALTHEIDAE (correction of AMALTHEOIDAE) Hyatt, 1867 (Class Cephalopoda,
Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition of, to the Official List of lec S
Group Names in Zoology with Amaltheus Montfort, 1808, as type genus .

Comments on the above proposal

AMALTHEOIDAE Hyatt, 1867 (an Invalid Original Spelling for AMALTHEIDAE),
proposed addition of, to the Spee Index xs et and Invalid Family fe
Group Names in Zoology

Analtheus Montfort, 1808 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed
addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Ts with Amaltheus
margaritatus Montfort, 1808, as type species

gender of name ...

antarcticus Giimther (A.C.L.G.), 1878, as published in the combination
' Bathylagus antarcticus (Class Pisces), Prone addition of, to the ss ae
List of Specific Names in Zoology : aye :

Argentina Linnaeus, 1758 (Class Pisces), Pee addition of, to the ea
List of Generic Names in Zoology ea:

gender of name ...

ARGENTININAE (correction of ARGENTININI) Bonaparte (C.L.J.L.), 1846
(Class Pisces), gg addition of, to the Tie List % Porela pete
Names in Zoology “fe

ARGENTININI Bonaparte (C.L.J.L.), 1846 (an Invalid Original Spelling for
ARGENTININAE), proposed addition of, to the Official Index uf filial
and Invalid Family-Growp Names in Zoology :

astierianus d’Orbigny, 1840, as published in the combination Ammonites
astierianus (Class Cephalopoda, Order Aor pe addition of,
to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology : .

BATHYLAGIDAE Gill (T.N.), 1884 (Class Pisces), proposed addition of, to the
Official List of Family-Growp Names in Zoology Bt

. 45-46

. 62-66

64

77

77
77

77

78

64

Li |

92 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Page

Bathylagus Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878 (Class Pisces), request for Ruling that
Bathylagus antarcticus Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878, is the type species for 73-78

gender of name ... 77

proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology ... 77

biformis Sowerby (J. de C.), 1831, as published in the combination Ammonites
biformis (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), a iia addition of,
to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology sie 64

Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798 (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera),
proposed suppression of, under the Plenary Powers, in favour of
Sphenophorus and Sitophilus, both of aye 1838, for the Corn
Root Weevil and Grain Weevil respectively .. ae 3 .. 5-83, 34-47

advertisement of the above proposal 3

proposed addition of, to the eS Index i ee and Invalid Generic
Names in Zoology 46
Calandra Fitzinger, 1815 (a junior homonym of Calandra Clairville &
Schellenberg, 1798), proposed addition of, to the IOS Index af ies
and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology 46
Calandra Oken, 1817 (a junior homonym of Calandra Clairville & Schellen-
berg, 1798), proposed addition of, to the vice Index fa Tee and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology be 46
Calandra Brookes, 1830 (a junior homonym of Calandra Clairville &
Schellenberg, 1798), proposed addition of, to the Kk icial Index a bse i
and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology... ate 46

Calandra Lesson, 1837 (a junior homonym of Calandra Clairville & Schellen-
berg, 1798), proposed addition of, to the peas Index of ca ges and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology : 46

Calandra Gistl, 1848 (a junior homonym of Calandra Clairville & Schellen-
berg, 1798), proposed addition of, to the oie ae Index a thi and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology... a 46

CALANDRIDES Schoenherr, 1845 (an Invalid Original Spelling for CALANDRINI),
proposed addition of, to the eee ss Index i Beets and Invalid Pith
Group Names in Zoology... 47

CALANDRINI (correction of CALANDRIDES) Schoenherr, 1837, proposed
addition of, to the Official Index of ies and Invalid Palgiiiocp oan
Names in Zoology 47

Calendra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798 (an Invalid Original Spelling for
Calandra through the action of Fabricius (J.C.) (1801) as “ First Subsequent
User ’’), proposed addition of, to ~~ © ape Index of mini sartet and Invalid

Generic Names in Zoology a3 es - 46

.

eiapeyind damned

Wrens

- as - saa i es : ’ ’ 7 : . : ,
‘aiehalietneattaabi intend icine ictal de chs sean aka ee eae eee De

scat

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 93

Page
CALENDRINAE Leng (C.W.), 1920 (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for
CALANDRINI), proposed addition of, to the Official Index of Rejected and

Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology 47

chlorographa Hiibner, 1818, as published in the combination Leptosia
chlorographa (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), proposed addition of, to

the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology 86

Commission, International, on Zoological Nomenclature :
Secretaryship :

Retirement from, of Mr. Francis Hemming and arrangements made by
the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature : Statement
issued by the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature ... III

Letter of resignation of Mr. Hemming addressed to the President of
the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature... IV-VI

Letter from Professor J. Chester Bradley (President of the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) to Mr. Francis Hemming VII-VIII

Election :
Per Brinck, election of, to Commission ... ee Sue Uae oe 50

communis Sowerby (J.), 1815, Ammonites (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammo-
noidea), proposed designation of, under the Plenary Powers, to be the type

species of Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 ... : . 67-70

proposed addition of, to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology ... 70
Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed

setting aside, under the Plenary Powers, of previous type selections for,

and proposed designation of Ammonites communis Sowerby (J.), 1815, to

be the type species of sis or tag ... 67-70

advertisement of the above proposal ... oe box uke ae we 50

comments on the above proposal ee i on an as ae 80

gender of name ... ee 5d Ser ee ae aoe eS. ae 70

proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology ... 64, 70
DACTYLIOCERATIDAE (correction of DACTYLOIDAE) Hyatt, 1867 (Class

Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition of, to the Offcial

List of Family-Group Names in Zoology with Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867, as

type genus aes ae eas aan hee Niele ao. bas 62-66, 70

Comments on the above proposal __... tes ati is Fe: ... 79-80

Dactyloceras Fischer, 1879 (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for
Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867), proposed addition of to the Official Index of
Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology me ge aM Bde 70

94 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Page
DACTYLOIDAE Hyatt, 1867 (an Invalid Original Spelling for Dacry1io-
CERATIDAE), proposed addition of, to the cpio Index bed wh et and
Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology ate ... 65, 70
decurtatus Gmelin (J .F.), [1790], as published in the combination Curculio
decurtatus (a junior objective synonym of abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as
published in the combination Curculio abbreviatus), proposed addition of,
to the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology ... 46
Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1823 (Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera), proposed
addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in emai with Curculio
spengleri Linnaeus, 1767, as type species yr ve 45
gender of name ... ae nae ais a res BB vite a 45
duponcheli Staudinger, 1871, rast a Pee wie ee Order Bilin 9
designation of lectotype for... 84
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology ae 86
elegans Fourcroy, 1785, as published in the combination Curculio elegans,
proposed suppression of, under the Plenary Powers oor .- 5-33, 34-47
advertisement of the above proposal ets os ees oe Rac 3
proposed addition of, to the i Aaa Index aA en and Invalid eat
Names in Zoology... : 46
fabricianus Leach, 1830, as published in the combination Megalophthalmus
fabricianus (a junior objective synonym of pedatus Fabricius (O.), as
published in the combination Cancer pe in aa pe of,
under the Plenary Powers Hd a : : . 51-56, 56-61
proposed addition of, to the ee Index of nein and Invalid atk
Names in Zoology... Ke 56
gemmascens Wilkens, 1787, as published in the combination M. sites
gemmascens, proposed suppression of, under the Plenary Powers . .. 71-72
proposed addition of, to the ala Index a Seg a and Invalid ee
Names in Zoology Ape 72
gemmascens Esper, [1794], as published in the combination me scoot
gemmascens, proposed validation of, under the Plenary Powers ... . 71-72
advertisement of the above proposal a ee ips at Le 50
proposed addition of, to Official List of Specific Names in Zoology... as 72

gemmascens, "proposed suppression, under the Plenary Powers, of all usages of,
in the combination Madrepora pa irs eerasie to Wilkins mee
Sa prior to Esper ([1794]) a . 71-72

proposed addition of, to the dec ames Index ni gear and Invalid 1 Speci
Names in Zoology 72

Pec 9 ae he Te ee:

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

granarius Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Curculio granarius,
(Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera), proposed addition of, to the Official
List of Specific Names in Zoology : at ae ane aa os

HOLCOSTEPHANIDAE Haug, 1910 (an Invalid Original Spelling for oLoco-
STEPHANIDAE), proposed addition of, to the gee Index 2 se aire and
Invalid Family-Grouwp Names in Zoology ‘ : : va

Koinodactylites Buckman, 1927 (a junior objective synonym of Dactylioceras
Hyatt, 1867), proposed addition of, to the malice Index of Tiare and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology

lathyri Hiibner, [1819], Leptosia, ea no eee Order ican dae!
designation of lectotype for

proposed addition of (as a junior objective synonym of sinapis Linnaeus,
1758, as published in the combination Papilio sinapis), to the a cial
Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology...

lathyri Hibner, [1823], as published in the combination Papilio lathyri
(not a new name but a later usage of lathyri Hiibner, [1819], as published
in the combination Leptosia lathyri), proposed addition of, to the Official
Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology ‘ ie.

lathyri Duponchel, 1834, as published in the combination Pieris lathyri
(not a new name but a later usage of lathyri Hiibner, [1819], as published
in the combination Leptosia lathyri), proposed addition of, to the ae
Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology ;

Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), proposed
addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in sre Yy, with Tot tee
sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, as type species

LEPTIDEIDI Verity, 1947 (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), proposed
addition of, to the Official List of gee oa Names in get with
Leptidea Billberg, 1820, as type genus..

Leptidia Scudder, 1875 (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for Leptidea
Billberg, 1820), proposed addition of, to the ae | Index gh ipa and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology

LEPTIDIINAE Bryk, 1955 (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for LEPTIDEINAE),
proposed addition of, to the teas Index Su a and Invalid Pehypstce
Group Names in Zoology Sac

Lepioria Stephens, 1835 (an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for Leptosia
Hiibner, 1818), proposed addition of, to the se aaree Indea Je peas and
Inualid Generic Names in

Page

70

83

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

96 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Leptosia Hiibner, 1818 (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), proposed addition
of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology with Leptosia chloro-
grapha Hiibner, 1818, as type species 308 ae ue ae aa

LEPTOsuIDI Wheeler, 1903 (invalid under Declaration 28 because based upon
a misdetermined type genus), proposed addition of, to the Official Ind
of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology... oe aee

Leucophasia Stephens, 1827 (a junior objective synonym of Leptidea Billberg,
1820), proposed addition of, to the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid
Generic Names in Zoology oe es “es ace ate ox ae

litoralis Banner, 1948, as published in the combination Pugetomysis litoralis,
(Class Crustacea, Order Nysidacea), proposed addition of, to the Official
List of Specific Names in Zoology ee A Aer a sue ine

lectotype selection for

margaritatus Montfort, 1808, as published in the combination Amaltheus
margaritatus (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition
of, to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology oe ies a

Megalophthalmus Leach, 1830, (Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea) (type
species Megalophthalmus fabricianus Leach, 1830, a nominal species, the
specific name of which it is proposed should be suppressed under the

Page

87

87

87

55
53

64

Plenary Powers), proposed suppression of, under the Plenary Powers 51-56, 56-61

proposed addition of, to the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic
Names in Zoology sa AS ue aoe soe ve aie ete

Megalophthalmus Gray (G.R.), 1832 (a junior homonym of M egalophthalmus

56

Leach, 1830), proposed suppression of, under the Plenary Powers 51-56, 56-61

Megalophthalmus Lorenz, 1906 (a junior homonym of Megalophthalmus

Leach, 1830), proposed suppression of, under the Plenary Powers 51-56, 56-61

MYSIDAE (correction of Mystna) Burmeister, 1837 (Class Crustacea, Order
Mysidacea), proposed addition of, to the Official List of Family-Group
Names in Zoology with Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803], as type genus ne

mysina Burmeister, 1837 (an Invalid Original Spelling for MysmDAe),
proposed addition of, to the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-
Group Names in Zoology an ae “oe aon ae sor

Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803] (Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea), proposed

setting aside, under the Plenary Powers, of previous type selections for,
and proposed designation of Cancer oculatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, to be the
type species of awe ote _ ne see ee

advertisement of above proposal
comment on the above proposal

gender of name . Pee Le ne as ee to
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology

... 51-56,

56

56

56-61
49

78

55
65

= Wt

rs

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 97

: Page
nina Fabricius, 1793, as published in the combination Papilio nina (Class
, Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), aati addition of, to the st glad List af
; Specific Names in Zoology : 86
oculatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, Cancer (Class Crustacea, Order Eepreeee
proposed validation, under the Plenary Powers, of a neotype for.. ... 51-61
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology ... 55
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology,
names proposed to be placed on :
AMALTHEOIDAE Hyatt, 1867... en ae she ve ass 65
ARGENTININI Bonaparte (C.L.J.L.), 1846 ane Bie aoa “i Ee 78
CALANDRIDES Schoenherr, 1845 oie ne “5c ee bie sat 47
CALANDRINI Schoenherr, 1845 ... xe: Poe “Ae HE Zee Ace 47
CALENDRINAE Leng (C.W.), 1920 ce ae we he Jos nee 47
DACTYLOIDAE Hyatt, 1867 =e an eae aa ae ae i 70
HOLCOSTEPHANIDAE Haug, 1910 Roe Aer =e sere eas on 65
LEPTIDIINAE Bryk, 1955 aah aH tee a - A eo 87
LEPTosupI Wheeler, 1903 ay, aoe ane Fis ee vt ae. 87
mMysina Burmeister, 1837 nae ae ee ee 3 oo. 3 56
OXYNOTIDAE Hyatt, 1875 eae why ste bs ie “oe wt 65
PHYMATOIDAE Hyatt, 1900 ac bre Aa ane Ae oa aa 65
PLEURACANTHITIDAE Hyatt, 1900 ans Sit ar wats e ee 65
POLYMORPHIDAE Haug, 1887 ... ae ee xed wae ae sa 65
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology, names
proposed to be placed on :
Calandra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798 __.... a5 are Ho ee 46
Calandra Fitzinger, 1815 ea BS, os Bee “ie ae 46
Calandra Oken, 1817... tai oes Bae aes are Bp) re 46
Calandra Brookes, 1830 a Ae oe an on ae Ns 46
Calandra Lesson, 1837 . eae =. ah aoe ae ise ahs 46
Calandra Gist], 1848 ... ite a3 nae ser sre 46
Calendra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798. oat ee ¥ bey 46
Dactyloceras Fischer, 1879 Sat Lis S33 ahs ae me 70
Koinodactylites Buckman, 1927 Sas aoe - it. wee oy: 70
Leptidia Scudder, 1875... oP ae te ae 3 “ee ue: 87
Leptoria Stephens, 1835... Pc seis as sae the ste SP 87
Leucophasia Stephens, 1827... 8 ae - of nee re 87
Megalophthalmus Leach, 1830 ... er ofits 233 nee we ox 56
Sphenophorus Newberry, 1890... es ey nae ae ee aS 46
Sphenophorus Breitfuss, 1898 ... Rae eke lus aap sas re 46
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology, names
proposed to be placed on:
decurtatus Gmelin (J.F.), [1790], Curculio ... Ae ae dex anit 46
elegans Fourcroy, 1785, Curculio Soe a mee oo con . 46
fabricianus Leach, 1830, Magalophthalmus ... Whe we ste ae 56
gemmascens Wilkens, 1787, Madrepora 72

gemmascens, all usages subsequent to Wilkins, 1787, and ‘prior to Esper '
[1794], Madrepora ... S° ay ee ans sp ete ; 72

98 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology, names proposed
to be placed on (continued) :

Page
lathyri Hiibner, [1819], Leptosia a Si ee ae as AN 87
lathyri Hiibner, [1823], Papilio ae er sae ae se: wae 87
lathyri Duponchel, 1834, Pieris cod ae oe ase eh ai 87
oryza Linnaeus, 1763, Curculio... nae ae oe er nee at 47
pedatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, Cancer ... Ar nes S8c =a Ee 56
senapis Hiibner, [1799-1800], Papilio... “ats a a be aus 87
sprenglert Linnaeus, 1767, Curculio ... sa oe me ose aes 47

Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, names proposed to be placed

on:
AMALTHEIDAE Hyatt, 1867 eves oe te <3 ee 63
ARGENTININAE Bonaparte (C. ie a is); 1846 baa Ens Se ae ee 77
BATHYLAGIDAE Gill (T.N.), 1884 ee és Aa ae oes aa |
DACTYLIOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1867 mas ie “igs ae #3 Mee 70
LEPTIDEIDI Verity, 1947 ee ee ae oes ee ate i; 87
OLCOSTEPHANIDAE Haug, 1910 eat oe ee oat ae oe 63
OXYNOTICERATIDAE Hyatt, 1875 mae Ef ie Jad 50 =< 63
PHYMATOCERATINAE Hyatt, 1900 ek fie abe nee “ee ae 63
PLEUROACANTHITIDAE Hyatt, 1900... ao Sr cee oe Los 63
POLYMORPHITIDAE Haug, 1887... a a oe Eee bad att 63

Official List of Generic Names in Zoology, names proposed to be placed on :
Amaltheus Montfort, 1808 are 3h oa aoe ae 38 Ace 64

Argentina Linnaeus, 1758 aoe 358 eee af oe 77
Bathylagus Gimther (A.C.L.G.), 1878 .. aa Be ae - ne 77
Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 oes = aa aes ae = bee 70
Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1823... Lise oe ee wee ants = 45
Leptidea Billberg, 1820 re 25¢ ee awe Side aie Be 87
Leptosia Hiibner, 1818 ... nee ae =e at fee aie bi 87
Mysis Latreille, [1802-1803] ... wae ae tt wes aa ee 55
Olcostephanus Neumayr (M.), 1875... ee ae 5 ae ae nae 64
Oxynoticeras Hyatt (A.), 1875 ... ak sais te Pie a Noe 64
Phymatoceras Hyatt (A.), 1867... a. as veh oie es ae 64
Pleuroacanthites Canavari, 1883 ee eee cae ahs st eos 64
Polymorphites Haug (E.), 1887... as ala “ae ‘A te ee 64
Pugetomysis Banner, 1948 oa 45 Hae me 4 bide aes 55
Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838... ae ee Se ae sie ist 45
Sphenophorus Schoenherr, 1838 _ ae ave Bie net os 45

Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, names eeaig to be placed on:

abbreviatus Linnaeus, 1758, Curculio ...
abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, Curculio .

antarcticus Giinther (A.C.L.G.), 1878, Bathylagus
astierianus d’Orbigny, 1840, Ammonites a
biformis Sowerby (J.), 1831, Ammonites
chlorographa Hiibner, 1818, Leptosia ...
communis Sowerby (J.), 1815, Ammonites
duponcheli Staudinger, 1871, Leucophasia

SSSeeugas

Se

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 99

Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, names proposed to be placed on

(continued) :
Page
gemmascens Esper, [1794], Madrepora... <a ne 2 us a 72
granarius Linnaeus, 1758, Curculio ... rs pes ie eat i 46
litoralis Banner, 1948, Pugetomysis ... ae uae ee Bae sini 55
margaritatus Montfort, 1808, Amaltheus jae ie ae aes aa 64
nina Fabricius (J.C.), 1793, Papilio ... A aoe oe ae oa 86
oculatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, Cancer ... Bae ts Bt sas ae 55
oryzae Linnaeus, 1763, Curculio see ne wae ae re 46
oxynotus Quenstedt (F.A.), 1843, Ammonites... wee cia aoe ae 64
polymorphus Quenstedt (F.A.), 1845, Ammonites oft ip ee we 64
robustum Hyatt (A.), 1867, Phymatoceras ... see ei aie yes 64
sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, Papilio Sx i ace Te ae coe 86
sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758, Argentina ... a3 ee AE: was te 77
OLCOSTEPHANIDAE (correction of HOLCOSTEPHANIDAE) Haug, 1910 (Class
- Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition of, to the Official
List of Family-Growp Names in rae, with Oamnaries cna 1875,
as type genus... . 62-66
comments on the above proposal nan see ahs are oe site 79
Olcostephanus Neumayr (M.), 1875 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea)
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in oe with
Ammonites astierianus d’Orbigny, 1840, as type species eee 64
gender of name ... ih Je sot aot a act on a 64
oryza Linnaeus, 1763, as published in the combination Curculio oryza,
proposed emendation of, under the Plenary Powers, to oryzae ... 5-53, 34-47
proposed addition of, to the aaa Index of: ee and Invalid pire ic
Names in Zoology aac 47
oryzae Linnaeus, 1763, proposed emendation to, under the Plenary Powers, of
oryza Linnaeus, 1763, as published in the combination Curculio oryza
(Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera) nde aes see Aig ... 5-33, 33-47
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology ... 46
Oxynoticeras Hyatt (A.), 1875 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea),
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in POM: with
Ammonites oxynotus Quenstedt (F.A.), 1843, as type species oe 64
gender of name ... aa we aes ee ce ahs ree CFs 64
OXYNOTICERATIDAE (correction of OXYNOTIDAE) Hyatt, 1875 (Class Cephalo-
poda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition of, to the Official List of
Family-Group Names in ideale with sence aes ee 1874, as ope
genus sy . 62-66
comments on the above proposal = = ad noe es a 79
OXYNOTIDAE Hyatt, 1875 (an Invalid Original Spelling for
OXYNOTICERATIDAE), proposed addition of, to the Official Index of Rejected
and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology aah ee % ee 65

100 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

oxynotus Quenstedt (F.A.), 1843, as published in the combination Ammonites
oxynotus (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), ae aps addition of,
to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology

padi Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination mad padi, is as;
for proposed interpretation of, under the Plenary Powers..

Palaemon Weber, 1795 (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda), proposed setting
aside, under the Plenary Powers, of previous type selections for, and
proposed designation of Palaemon soi igaiaaas Rathke, 1837, to be the RS
species of , support for . ,

parvula Mérch, 1863, as published in the combination Aplysia parvula,
support for ee addition of, to ee eae List ie eee Names in
Zoology

pedatus Fabricius (O.), 1780, as published in the combination Cancer pedatus
[a nomen dubium], proposed suppression of, under the Plenary Powers 51-56,

proposed addition of, to the ees Index a pee and Invalid pres:
Names in Zoology

Phymatoceras Hyatt (A.), 1867 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea),
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in ee with
Phymatoceras robustum Hyatt (A.), 1867, as type species

gender of name ..

PHYMATOCERATINAE (correction of PHYMATOIDAE) Hyatt, 1900 (Class Cepha-
lopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition of, to the Official List of
Family-Group Names in aad with AS gir “reek Boge 1867, as ls
genus

comments on the above x ohee

PHYMATOIDAE Hyatt, 1900 (an Invalid Original Spelling for PHyMaTo-
CERATINAE), proposed addition of, to the Hsien Index a es and
Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology

PLEURACANTHITIDAE Hyatt, 1900 (an Invalid Original Spelling for PLEURO-
ACANTHITIDAE), proposed addition of, to the Jeig Index ff mera
and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology.. oa

Pleuroacanthites Canavari, 1883 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea),
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology with
Ammonites biformis Sowerby (J. de C.), 1831, as type species

gender of name ..
PLEUROACANTHITIDAE (correction of PLEURACANTHITIDAE) Hyatt, 1900,
(Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition of, to the

Official List of Family-Group Names in as y with Plewroacanthites Cana-
vari, 1883, as type genus < com es

comments on the above proposal

Page

64

48

66

48

56-61

56

64
64

. 62-66

79

65

65

64
64

. 62-66
79

101

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
Page

1887 (an Invalid Original Spelling for pvony-
65

POLYMORPHIDAE Haug,
MORPHITIDAE), proposed addition of, to the Official Index ed Rejected and

Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology

Polymorphites Haug (E.), 1887 (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea),
proposed addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology with
Ammonites polymorphus Quenstedt (F.A.), 1845, as type species ... ‘ 64

gender of name ...
1887 (Class

POLYMORPHITIDAE (correction of POLYMORPHIDAE) Haug,
Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), proposed addition of, to the Official
List of Family-Group Names in bias with i eidbeduind asics 1887,
. 62-66
von as 79

as type genus
comments on the above are
1845, as published in the combination

64

polymorphus Quenstedt (F.A.)
Ammonites polymorphus (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), pro-
posed addition of, to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology.
55

Pugetomysis Banner, 1948 (Class Crustacea, Order Mysidacea), oe. hie
addition of, to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology

gender of name ...

robustum Hyatt (A.), 1867, as published in the combination Phymatoceras
robustum (Class Cephalopoda, Order Ammonoidea), hate addition of,
ou 64

to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology
1-2

Schmidt, Karl P., obituary notice for

senapis Hiibner, [1799-1800], as published : in the combination Papilio senapis
(an Erroneous Subsequent Spelling for sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, as published
-87

in the combination Papilio sinapis), proposed addition of, to the a
Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology ... cos

sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Papilio sinapis
(Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera) (specific name of type species of
Leptidea Billberg, 1820), i cel addition of, to the be uaa List bs
Specific Names in Zoology ee : 86
Sitophilus Schoenherr, 1838 (Class Insecta), proposed addition of, to the
Official List of Generic Names in sits with Curculio aoa manu
1763, as type species... 45
gender of name .,,, : vee ne ee ; Lp aes 45

102 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

Page
Sphenophorus Schoenherr, 1838 (Class Insecta, Order Apt ge proposed
validation of, under the Plenary Powers < ... &33, 34-47
advertisement of the above proposal 3
gender of name ... Ai ane =a nee ee oe a8 tae 45
proposed addition of the Official List of Generic Names in mine i with
Curculio abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as type species. . 45
Sphenophorus Newberry, 1890 (a junior homonym of Sphenophorus Schoen-
herr, 1838), proposed addition of, to the eaghe Index i pipe and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology 46
Sphenophorus Breitfuss, 1898 (a junior homonym of Sphenophorus Schoen-
herr, 1838), proposed addition of, to the se caasade Index oe hei: and
Invalid Generic Names in Zoology 46
sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Argentina
sphyraena (Class Pisces), proposed addition of, to the Pes List of
Specific Names in Zoology : : 77
sprengleri Linnaeus, 1767, as published in the combination Cwurculio
sprengleri (an Invalid Original Spelling for spengleri), proposed addition of,
to the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology .. 47

Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 103

PARTICULARS OF DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVERAL
_ PARTS IN WHICH THE PRESENT VOLUME WAS PUBLISHED
Part No. Contents of Part Date of Publication
a (pages)

1 1-48 30th December 1957

2 49-80, 6 text-figs., 6th June 1958
I-VIII

3 81-104, 24th November 1958

T.P.-(VIII)

7 A)

104 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature

INSTRUCTIONS TO BINDERS

The present volume should be bound up as follows :—T.P.-(VIII), I-VIII
1-104

Note :—The wrappers (covers) of the three Parts in which this volume was
published should be bound in at the end of the volume.

CONTENTS

New Application
Page
Proposed addition to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology of the
specific name duponcheli Staudinger, 1871, as published in the
combination Leucophasia duponcheli, a well-known name which
has recently been threatened (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera).
By Francis Hemming (London) and Leo Sheljuzhko (Miinchen) .. 81

Indexes and Title Page

Corrigenda, Authors and Subject Indexes ..

Title Page, Foreword, Table of Contents T.P.—

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

It has been decided to close the present Volume on the publication of this
Part. The reasons for this decision are explained in the Foreword by Lord
Hurecomb (Chairman of the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature),
which will be found immediately behind the Title Page.

The requisite Instructions to Binders are given on page 104. |

© 1958. THE INTERNATIONAL TRUST FOR ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE
Printed in England by METCALFE & Cooper LimITED, 10-24 Scrutton St., London E C2

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