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LULL ; t; | we ‘ BULLETINS [se @F AMERICAN Ee EONTOLOGY WOES NEVI 1963 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York WaeSarae IN MEMORIAM José Royo y Gomez (1895-1961) Ralph A. Liddle (1897-1963) CONTENTS OF VOLUME XLVI Bulletin No. Plates 205. Illustrations of Conflicting Interpretations of the Biology and Classification of Certain Larger Foraminifera BVM Peron GOlG mente cc duties annie Pia te aren eects 1-14 206. New Linuparid Crustaceans from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas iby TBiakyyaneal TOBNVGISOf01 cosccas.sanma, cone henconeacsssedsonedndon: 15 207. Relationships of a New Lower Devonian Tere- bratuloid (Brachiopoda) from Antarctica By A. J. Boucot, K. E. Caster, D. Ives, and A) Atala ricer tee hey e ne cc ahcaeade ssebepende eee doaese 16-41 208. Analysis of Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin) IBY WY, Se. (COIS: nsheerseenacae sos depen eet eodeebaer tees coaneeeeeeeer 42-47 209. Arenaceous Foraminifera from the Osgood Formation of Osgood, Indiana By Ruth G. Browne and Virginia Schott ............ 48-52 210. Smaller Paleocene Foraminifera from Reid- land, Kentucky By Ruth G. Browne and Stephen M. Her- SERVES. ues Narr sn ts A a Re ee perry een 53-57 211. Type Specimens of Marine Mollusca Described by P. P. Carpenter from the West Coast of Mexico and Panama Byy Txaidnermiine Wo WY, IRRINGOSIE sc occaccsencooccasseoaes356=30" 58-70 Pages 65-76 77-152 153-186 187-242 285-408 409-418 t BULLETINS __ OF | | AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY * NOMS XLVI * NUMBER 205 1963 _ PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION ITHA CA, NEW YORK PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1961-62 PRESIDENT Zire hip BN an ah ok Se peo oy a .-JoHN W. WELLS VICE-PRESIDENT ............ fae sacar ep NPN eR A ae NED Ds Ben AxeL A. OLsson SRCRETARY= TREASURER 2:24060..S8 AS Se ee ee REBECCA S. HARRIS DIRECTOR: ohio CEs PR ea TN Been ce KATHERINE V. W. PALMER COUNSEL | Soon pe TEN Ne a ee ee -ARMAND L. ADAMS REPRESENTATIVE AAAS COUNCID @220. -.c..cccc2c cee cece ctceeeec cnet eeeee KENNETH E. CASTER Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1960-1966) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) DonaLp W. FisHEer (1961-1967) RaLpH A. Lippie. (1962-1968) Resecca S. Harris (Life) AxeL A. Otsson (Life) SoLomon C. Houiisrer (1959-1965) | NormMAN E. WEIsBoRD (1957-1963) Joun W. WELLS (1958-64) BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs. Fay Briaccs, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E. CASTER Hans KuGLer A. Myra KEEN ; Jay GLENN Marks Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes will be available except vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. Subscription may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $16.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica Amer- ~icana invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from, income tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York U.S.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY (Founded 1895) Vol. 46 No. 205 7 ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONFLICTING INTERPRETATIONS OF THE BIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN LARGER FORAMINIFERA By W. Srorrs CoLe Cornell University February 13, 1963 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Number: GS 63-301 us, COMP. ZOOL | LIBRARY MAR = 11963 | H H ie ri RY UNIVERSITY Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS JN DISUTFEIGE | | Jala. copter Bess ete EA Se ULB a eR si Pe aD A 5 Introduction 0.0... Le ae ADO ep A Dee at Ser ESE Tiedt IRR Ee aie 0 ae 5 SPDCCLOCMMINUS titeaihe Clammtu sume aun SUC AU ae Oa Ai ee ee ee cao aed Wocalitiveswot the) figured Specimens ie ec ceare eee cece eeeeeeese ese 10 Multiple and multilocular embryonic chambers 1+ Pliolepidina H. Douvillé, 1917, a synonym of Lepidocyclina s. s. Giimbel, TIS TAQ 2c accel cee oe Bee RTS i ter 9 RUT AL BE ae Ce eet Ea A Ree ete a 18 Variation in and synonyms of Lepidocyclina pustulosa H. Douvillé 0. 21 * Stratigraphic range of Lepidocyclina pustulosa H. Douvillé —..0 30 The status of the generic name Triplalepidina Vaughan and Cole, 1938 32 Comments on some of the internal structures of Lepidocyclina and their use Hone Cem cues UID eT egy allen One NCE sy nied el at UBIO al a oa Ee ed 35 Comments on Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin) 02.2022 eee uli 40 Variation in Helicostegina polygyralis (Barker) _.....-...---- eee 42 FON hence mite Glagmemmectn eee caHU i | ete rue ue yy ea. oet Ue eA la ie ee Ba sekes di + TPES arcsec lig ENE ES Ug MRD LB ge VOR TPR Aa ye ge UNNI ns Sa 49 ILLUSTRATIONS OF CONFLICTING INTERPRETATIONS OF THE BIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN LARGER FORAMINIFERA* W. Srorrs CoLe Cornell University, Ithaca, New York ABSTRACT Conflicting concepts concerning the development and _ significance of certain internal structures and of variability in selected species of larger Foraminifera are discussed. Multilocular embryonic chambers are the result of irregularities in the reproductive cycle, and it is emphasized that they can not be used in defining a genus or subgenus, or in stratigraphic determina- tions. Pliolepidina H. Douvillé, 1917, and Triplalepidina Vaughan and Cole, 1938, are considered to be synonyms of Lepidocyclina s. s. The significance of the variability in shape and size of bilocular embryonic chambers and of stolon systems in classification is illustrated and analyzed. Variation in indi- vidual specimens of species is demonstrated by an analysis of numerous specimens of Lepidocyclina pustulosa H. Douvillé, L. radiata (Martin), and Helicostegina polygyralis (Barker). Additional synonyms of L. pustulosa are given and defended. 7 INTRODUCTION Three extensive publications (Eames, et al., 1962a, b; Hanzawa, 1962) have appeared recently in which descriptions of the internal structure of many of the larger Foraminifera are given, and the significance of these structures in classification and nomenclature is analyzed. Eames, et al. (1962a, b) restricted their attention mainly to the camerinids and lepidocyclines in one publication (1962a) and to the lepidocyclines exclusively in the other (1962)). Hanzawa (1962) reviewed and revised the classification of many of the significant genera of Cretaceous and Tertiary larger Forami- nifera. Perusal of these discourses will reveal that there is little, if any, consensus. During the past few years Cole published several articles in the Bulletins of American Paleontology, Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, and Muicropale- ontology in which the variability in internal structures between individual specimens has been emphasized. Moreover, an attempt was made to relate the development of certain structures, such as *The cost of the printed plates was supplied by the William F. E. Gurley Foundation for Paleontology of Cornell University. Richard Margerum, de- partmental laboratory technician, assisted me greatly by patiently preparing a vast number of specimens. I acknowledge my indebtedness to him for this service. 6 BuLLETIN 205 multilocular embryonic chambers, to ontogeny (Cole, 1960a, p. 134; SC toe e))). Therefore, there has been published in a short space of time three divergent revisions of the classification of many of the larger Foraminifera. As certain concepts which have been emphasized are completely at variance, this article has been prepared in an attempt, not only to clarify, but also to establish more firmly, certain basic biologic and taxonomic facts regarding certain larger Foraminifera. No effort is made in this discourse to refute every concept and identification with which Eames, et al. (1962a, b) and Hanzawa (1962) dealt. However, certain of their major conclusions, which seemingly are based upon misconceptions, will be examined in detail. Cole (1962a, p. 29) wrote: “It is evident that many paleon- tologists tend to neglect the biology of species, depending upon form alone in developing classifications. Moreover, some of these paleontologists seemingly refuse to accept even a limited degree of plasticity or variation in individuals of a species. Such rigidity has led to the erection of many superfluous specific, subgeneric, and generic names.” In contradistinction Hanzawa (1962, p. 130) wrote: Sse is often difficult to locate a boundary between some distinguishable structural elements or within a similar structural element, because cc everything in nature is gradational. Recognition of the range of variability by paleontologists is at best inconsistent.” Hanzawa admitted that variability does occur but seemingly he denied that any use could be made of the recognition of vari- ability in the development of a classification. Therefore, he (Han- zawa, 1962, p. 130) could argue that Nephrolepidina and Eulepidina should be retained as they had “. . . been distinguished as two distinct subgenera of the genus Lepidocyclina by various authors for half a century.” Hanzawa (1962, p. 138) not only retained the names Nephrole- pidina and Eulepidina but also elevated them from subgeneric to generic rank. Cole (in Cole, et al., 1960, p. 101) on the other hand stated that “. . . as embryonic chambers of the nephrolepidine and eulepidine shape intergrade and both shapes are found in specimens assigned to a single species, these two subgenera are combined.” LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 7. Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 300, 301) placed all the lepidocycline species with multilocular embryonic chambers in the genus Pliole- pidina H, Douvillé, 1917, stating that this genus is restricted to “Aquitanian to Burdigalian or (?) Vindobonian.” Hanzawa (1962, p. 136, 137) recognized two genera, Pholepidina H. Douvillé, 1917, and Multilepidina Hanzawa, 1932, in which multilocular embryonic chambers develop. He (Hanzawa, 1962, Chart 1) gave the strati- graphic range of Plholepidina as upper Eocene and that of Multile- pidina as Burdigalian. Cole (1960a; 1961a; 1962a) had postulated that multilocular embryonic chambers could most reasonably be interpreted as the result of irregularity in the reproductive cycle. Thus, any species could contain individuals with multilocular embryonic chambers, whereas other individuals would have bilocular embryonic chambers. If this is correct, it is obvious that multiloculaysembryonic chambers can not be used to characterize a genus. Moreover, and even more important from the stratigraphic viewpoint, is the necessity for a correct interpretation to be made concerning the development of multilocular embryonic chambers! If the concept presented by Cole (1960a; 1961a; 1962a) is ac- cepted, specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers can occur in any geographic area and at any stratigraphic position within the entire geographic and stratigraphic range of a genus or a species. However, if multilocular embryonic chambers characterize a species or group of species, this kind of chamber must be genetically controlled. Therefore, such species logically should be placed in a distinct subgenus or genus which would have a definite stratigraphic range and might be geographically restricted. Paleontology should be more than an empirical study. As data accumulate from observation of abundant material, and as the life histories of species still living become known, it is impera- tive that the data from all these sources be correlated and inter- preted. Direct proof by observation of living specimens of the lepidocyclines that individuals of a species in their reproductive cycle produce progeny with multilocular and bilocular embryonic chambers is impossible as the lepidocyclines are extinct. However, if the data are sufficiently abundant, a less direct approach than actual observation of the reproductive cycle may 8 BuLveTIn 205 be used. Thus, the association in a single specimen of multilocular and bilocular embryonic chambers is accepted here as proof that the bilocular embryonic chambers are the inheritable kind, whereas the multilocular kind are the result of some irregularity in the re- productive cycle. Although a detailed discussion of the association of bilocular and multilocular embryonic chambers and the inter- pretation of this kind of association has been published previously (Cole, 1962a), additional facts will be given in another section of this discourse. Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 300, 302) placed considerable emphasis upon the total diameter of the embryonic chambers in defining certain genera and species. The use of this criterion in conjunction with minor variation of structure which occurs in individuals of every species caused them to recognize numerous species, all of which occur in association and have been grouped by other authors into single species. This is particularly shown by their division of Lepidocyclina pustulosa into several species, all of which are considered here to be synonyms. In a similar manner they rejected the synonymy of L. radiata given by Cole (1960a, p. 137) and maintained several species as valid ones. Although many of the species which Hanzawa and Eames, et al. figured are not even mentioned in this discourse, omission of these does not imply that there is agreement concerning their identifica- tion or classification. One or two specific examples, however, are discussed briefly. Eames, et al (19626, pl. 8, figs. 4, 5) identified specimens from Trinidad as “Lepidocychina (Nephrolepidina) lehneri van der Geyn and van der Vlerk,’ an inadequately described species from the Oligocene. Other specimens (Eames, et al. 1962b, pl. 8, figs. 6, 7) from this same sample are identified as Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepi- dina) suwanneensis Cole. A single poorly oriented equatorial section (pl. 8, fig. 8) is identified as Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) guber- nacula Cole, an Eocene species. Two of the equatorial sections (Eames, et al., 19620, figs. 4, 7) are interpreted here as representing one species, L. (Nephrolepidina) tempanu Vaughan and Cole (= L. (Eulepidina) tournouert Lemoine © and R. Douvillé) (compare: Eames, e¢ al., 19620, pl. 8, figs. 4, 7 with Vaughan and Cole, 1941, pl. 39, figs. 5, 8). One of the vertical LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 9 sections (Eames, et al., 1962b, pl. 8, fig. 5) should be compared with figures 1-22, plate 16 (Cole, 1952). It is a typical vertical section of L. (L.) canellei Lemoine and R. Douvillé. The equatorial section and the vertical section (Eames, et al., 19625, pl. 8, figs. 6, 8) are nondescript ones which most nearly resemble poor sections of L. (L.) mantel. This fauna is similar to ones reported by Cole from Panama (1952, p. 7) and from Carriacou (19584, p. 221), and by Vaughan and Cole (1941) from the upper Oligocene of Trinidad. One other set of illustrations (Eames, et al., 1962a, pl. 1, figs. C, D) will be noted. These specimens are identified as Palaeonum- mulites cumingi (Carpenter). They are not that species but are excellent examples of Camerina ammonoides (Gronovius )—compare fig. C, pl. 1 (Eames, et al., 19622) with figs. 2-8, pl. 30 (Cole, 1959), and fig. D, pl. 1 (Eames, et al., 19622) witlp fig. 9, pl. 15 (Cole, 1961b). Although this discourse is directed primarily to an analysis of certain genera and species, one of the major conclusions must be that lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers are not characteristic of any particular geologic stage. Therefore, beds in which supposed reworked Eocene genera and species occur “. . . in association with Pholepidina tobleri which we regard as being of Miocene age” (Eames, et al., 19622) must be Eocene, not Aqui- tanian in age as Eames, et al., postulated, as these faunas are in- digenous ones without any Aquitanian genera or species. In the Caribbean region above the Eocene the stratigraphic ranges of the genera and species of larger Foraminifera proposed by Cole in 1957 (p. 34) and subsequently refined (Cole, 1958a, p. 220; Cole and Applin, 1961, p. 131; Cole, 1961, p. 138) seemingly coincide with the stratigraphic ages assigned to the major sub- divisions of the Oligocene and Miocene by Woodring (1960, p. 27, fig. 1), who used molluscan faunas to make these assignments. SEE CIES MEVUSPRAL ED The species which are illustrated and discussed in detail in this article are given in the following list: Helicostegina polygyralis ( Barker) 16 BuLvetin 205 Pl. 10, figs. 5-8; Pl. 11, figs. 1-9. Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) antillea Cushman Sate Cael Donel mal diOn stelle vires. 5. %. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ariana Cole and Ponton lode Ihe sine, 2e Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douvillé Pl, Gaines, Ge lel, Qatar, Ness lel alO Sires Ts). Lepidocychna (Eulepidina) ephippioides Jones and Chapman Jelly (Shy JIU, 2a Om Leh OP iuieasy, Ae Sie Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) gubernacula Cole eS tito. Lepidocychina (Lepidocychna) mantel: (Morton) lL riers, Ih As Ie We sees Ss Let IS). see 2 Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ocalana Cushman Jel, Se sae, Ox Jel, We. mess Is Bode ell, MS ness IL, 3 6. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) protetformis Vaughan PML), 1s, 3 Lepidocychna (Lepidocychina) pustulosa H. Douvillé ie eile Ae de aii tale sims, jase (ei 6, vies. 2. 46 PI. 10, figs. 1-4, 9-12; Pl. 14, figs. 1-5. Lepidocychina ( Eulepidina) radiata ( Martin) PI. 14; fig. 6. Lepidocyclina ( Eulepidina) undosa Cushman led, Sania, Ue Jel WA antes 4x ellis). tae, 5) Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) zaragosensis (Vaughan) Pl. 7, figs. 1-4. LOCALITIES OF THE FIGURED SPECIMENS Trinidad and vicinity Loes. 1, 2—Soldado Rock (upper Eocene); 1 (K2854), 2 (K903); H. G. Kugler, collector (for location see maps in Kugler, 1938 and Vaughan and Cole, 1941, pl. 2 (reference: Vaughan and Cole, 1941, p. 65). Loc. 3—Vista Bella, San Fernando; upper Eocene; H. G. Kugler collector, May 1932 (references: Cole, 1960 a, p. 133; 196l1a, joe UWSi7/e USE. 0): 310), LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 1] Loc. 4—(E. L. 1435) Vista Bella Estate, San Fernando (reference: Vaughan and Cole, 1941, p. 16). Loc. 5—(U.S.G.5. loc. 9199), Farall6n Rock, not certain (reference: Vaughan and Cole, 1941, p. 16). Loc. 6—Point Bontour, San Fernando (reference: Hodson, 1926, oy) Ze Loc. 7—Mount Moriah formation of Test-well A at a depth of 525 feet (reference: Nuttall, 1928, pl. 8, fig. 6). Loc. 7a—Steep bank on east (waiting rooms) side of San Fernando Railway Station (coordinates N: 237060 links; E: 356425 links); dark grey-brown calcareous silt; J. B. Saunders, collector (reference Cole, 19606; 1961a). Panama Canal Zone Loc. 8—Transisthmian Highway, 4.1 miles ingdirect line northwest of Rio Gatuncillo bridge; calcareous sandstone 0.25 to 0.5 inch thick, in silty mudstone; 22a; J. R. Schultz and W. P. Woodring, collectors, 1947 (references: Cole, 1952, p. 4; Woodring, 1957, D>, IE). Loc. 9—Transisthmian Highway, 3.6 miles in direct line northwest of Rio Gatuncillo bridge; calcareous mudstone; J. R. Schultz and W. P. Woodring, collectors, 1949 (references: Cole, 1952, p. 4; Woodring, 1957, p. 114). Jamaica Loe. 10—Lilyfield, St. Ann, Jamaica; collected by H. R. Versey (reference: Cole, 1956, p. 214). Mexico Loc. 11—Guayabal formation (middle Eocene) type locality, 12 kilometers west of Potrero del Llano, Tampico Embayment area; W. S. Cole, collector (reference: Cole, 1927). Loc. 12—0.5 kilometers southwest of Palma Sola, State of Vera Cruz (reference: Vaughan, 1924, p. 812); type locality for Lepido- cyclina proteiformis Vaughan. Loe. 12a—Arroyo Torrero, Palma Sola, State of Vera Cruz from bed 10 of the Tantoyuca formation (upper Eocene); D. R. Semmes, Woe. Loc. oe oc Loc. Woe: Loc. oc: Loc. BuLuetin 205 collector; gift of the late [T. W. Vaughan; type locality for T7rip- lalepidina veracruziana Vaughan and Cole. 13—Between kilometer posts 17-18 on the Aguila Petroleum Company’s narrow-gauge railroad between Potrero and Tan- huljo, State. of Vera Cruz (sta, S) C. MES aye ommeore collector (references: Cole and Gillespie, 1930; Cole, 1961c, a, Se Florida 14—Oakhurst quarry of the Florida Lime Company, one and one-half mile southeast of Ocala; W. S. Cole and G. M. Ponton, collectors; 16 July 1929. 15—Cummer Lumber Company’s Phosphate Pit No. 6 one mile south of Newberry, Alachua County; H. Naegeli, collector; 13> June, 19472 16—Ocala limestone (upper Eocene) on the bank of the Chi- pola River near Marianna, Jackson County; H. Gunter and W. S. Cole, collectors. 17—Quarry in the Marianna limestone (Oligocene) on the Chipola River, one-half mile east of Marianna; collected by W. S. Cole, July 1945 (references: Vaughan, 1927, p. 3; Cole, IOS 7, De BS). 18—Sinkhole near Duncan Church, Washington County; G. M. — Ponton, collector, 1932 (reference: Cole, 1934, p. 21). 19—Southern States Oil Corporation’s well (W-19), located one and one-half mile north of Monticello, Jefferson County, at a depth of 1740 feet (references; Cole and Ponton, 1934, p. 142; Cole, 1945, p. 111). 20—St. Mary’s River Oil Corporation, Hilliard Turpentine Company No. 1 (W-336) well, about 4 miles northwest of Hilliard, Nassau County, at a depth of 1340-1350 feet (refer- ence: Cole, 1944, p. 57). Mississipp1 21—Weston Library well No. 2, Sun Oil Company, Hancock County, at a depth of 4510-4540 feet; specimens supplied through the courtesy of R. D. Wood of the Humble Oil and Refining Company (reference: Cole, 1960a, p. 133). Loc. oe: Loe: Boe Loc. Loe LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 13 St. Bartholomew, French West Indies 22—S. B. 12. Marly tuff, 0.2 m. thick with abundant larger Foraminifera forming a transition zone between the lower horizon of cross-bedded tuffs and the overlying limestones on the promontory separating Anse des Lézards and Anse des Cayes on the north coast of the island; A. Senn, collector, (re- ference: Cole, 1960b, p. 58). Grenada, Windward Islands 23—Loose block from stream side near Clozier Bridge at 1135 feet above sea level on the Belvidere Road, Gouyave side; P. Martin-Kaye, collector, locality 4961; upper Eocene (reference: Colewle60a, p; 1332 Cole; 1962, p. 31). 23a—Gouyare River (M K 6740); P. Martin-Kaye, collector. - Peru 24—713 to 716 feet above the base of the exposed Verdun for- mation about 6 % miles N. 46° E. of Point of Parinas, 4 4 millessIN- 4512 E, ot) Negritos, and 2% mules) S. 29° E. of the Port of Talara, Department of Piura; gift of the late T. W. Vaughan. Saipan Island 25—Laulau district, along old railroad grade on the north side of Laulau Bay in the third cut from the west and about | mile west of the intersection with the East Coast Highway north of Laulau village; S-25; J. Bridge, collector (reference: Cole and Bradlee, W539, 39, 2). . 26—Conspicuous limestone quarry in the Dago Cliffs about 0.75 miles north of Isley Field and about 0.75 miles east of Isley Entrance Road; altitude about 210 feet; J. Bridge, collector (reference: Cole and Bridge, 1953, p. 10). Fiji 27—Entrance to cave at Kalambu, Viti Levu, from a large block in stream bed at the entrance to cave; W. Briggs, collector, 7 June 1962 (Ladd sta. 174-177, 316) (reference: Ladd, 1934, p. 81, 84). 14 BuLuetTiIn 205 MULTIPLE AND MULTILOCULAR EMBRYONIC CHAMBERS The mechanism which results in the formation of multiple and multilocular embryonic chambers has been discussed recently (Cole, 1960a; 196la, p. 140; 1962a, p. 33-41). As Eames, et al. (19626, p. 294) do not accept the explanation, additional data are presented in an attempt to refute certain of their arguments which are based upon their misconception of reproduction in the Fora- minifera. It has been established that megalospheric gamonts develop from mononucleate amoebulae. Myers (1943, p. 16) noted in the asexual reproduction of Tretomphalus “. . . when the nuclei are equally spaced, multiple fission takes place, resulting in as many mononucleate amoebulae as there were nuclei present. The amoebu- lae become invested in a delicate chitinous membrane over which the ectoplasm deposits a layer of calctum carbonate. This uni- locular test becomes the proloculus of the megalospheric gamont ... [The second chamber is added as an anucleated bud . . .” Such observations as those made by Myers upon the develop- ment of megalospheric individuals in species of living Foraminifera suggest the method of formation of the embryonic chambers in ex- tinct genera of Foraminifera. In genera, such as Lepidocyclina, Discocyclina, Cycloclypeus and others, the typical arrangement of the embryonic chambers is bilocular, consisting of an initial chamber from which in turn the second embryonic chamber is generated. These chambers are formed by a mononucleate amoebulae. The wall around the initial chamber in larger Foraminifera has one stolon (fig. 5, Pl. 1) through which the ectoplasm is extruded to form the second chamber. However, in the wall of the second chamber one or more stolons are developed whose position and number govern the number and arrangement of the periembryonic chambers (Cole, 1962b, p. 148). The equatorial chambers are formed from ectoplasm which is extruded through stolons which pierce the walls of the periembryonic chambers. Certain megalospheric individuals are found which have multi- ’ locular embryonic chambers. Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 294) con- sidered that such multilocular embryonic masses represent a single LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 15 set of embryonic chambers, therefore, the inference must be drawn that these were formed by a single mononucleate amoebulae rather than by several nuclei within a mass of cytoplasm (Cole, 1962a, p. be) However, Eames, et al. (19626, p. 294) agreed that rare indi- viduals of Lepidocyclina, as well as individuals of other genera, may have two or more sets of perfectly formed bilocular embryonic chambers (fig. 6, Pl. 4) beyond which the development of the test is identical with that of individuals which have only one set of bilocular embryonic chambers. Individuals with multiple sets of bilocular embryonic chambers are formed by the association of two or more mononucleate amoebu- lae. However, regardless of the number of amoebulae which are involved in the production of the embryonic mass the subsequent development of the test is identical with tha® of individuals which develop from a single amoebula. This kind of development is shown clearly in the specimens of Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) zaragosensis (Vaughan) illus- trated as figures 1-4, Plate 7. Other specimens from this locality (loc. 21) were illustrated from thin sections as figures 4, 5, plate 4 (Cole, 19602). Vaughan (1945, pl. 44, fig. 1) and Cole (1942, pl. 13, fig. 4; pl. 14, fig. 3) illustrated specimens of this species with a single set of bilocular embryonic chambers. The specimens of Pseudophragmina saragosensis (figs. 1-4, PI. 7) in which multiple sets of embryonic chambers occur have the individual sets of bilocular embryonic chambers arranged in a row (fig. 1, Pl. 7) or more commonly in a rudely circular mass (figs. 2,3, Pl: 7; fig. 4, pl. 4, Cole, 1960a). Im most of the specimens with the more or less circular arrangement the initial chambers of the individual sets are in a peripheral position with the second embryonic chambers of each set in contact in the interior of the embryonic mass. Occasional specimens (fig. 4, Pl. 7) have several sets of embryonic chambers forming a mass with one or more sets marginal to the central mass (observe the single set to the left side, fig: 4, Pl. 7). The arrangement of the multiple sets of bilocular embryonic chambers surrounded by normally developed equatorial chambers 16 BULLETIN 205 in Pseudophragmina is duplicated almost exactly in Lepidocyclina. However, in Lepidocyclina the walls of the initial embryonic cham- bers of the individual sets are not developed as they are in Pseudo- phragmina. The peripheral chambers of the multilocular embryonic masses of Lepidocyclina correspond to the second embryonic chamber of bilocular sets. This fact 1s demonstrated by the arrangement of the stolons through the outer wall of the embryonic mass and the number and arrangement of the periembryonic chambers (Cole, 1962a, p. 41). However, it still might be argued that the formation of the multilocular embryonic chambers in Lepidocyclina is different from the development of multiple sets of embryonic chambers in Pseudo- phragmina. If this position could be substantiated, Lepidocyclina with multilocular embryonic chambers would not be the result of irregularity in the reproductive cycle of species with single sets of bilocular embryonic chambers. Two American species in which specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers have been described adequately are known. These are Lepidocyclina pustulosa H. Douvillé (= Pliolepidina toblen H. Douvillé of Eames, et al., 19626, p. 312) as recognized by Cole (1960a, p. 136; 1962a, p. 33) and Lepidocyclina vaugham Cushman (Cole, 1961a, p. 140). Lepidocyclina pustulosa with multilocular embryonic chambers is always associated with specimens which have a single set of bilocular embryonic chambers of the lepidocycline s. s. kind, where- as L. vaughant with multilocular embryonic chambers is associated with specimens with eulepidine kind of embryonic chambers. It is impossible to separate individuals with multilocular embryonic cham- bers from associated individuals with bilocular embryonic cham- bers except on the kind of embryonic chambers (multilocular or bilocular) which are present. If multilocular chambers are sufficiently important to delimit species, they might be important enough to define a genus. Thus, Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 300) define Pholepidina as “The mega- lospheric nucleoconch is subdivided into three or more chambers by thin partitions within the thick nucleoconch wall. In other LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 17 characters, this genus does not differ significantly from Lepido- cyclina.” However, Cole has illustrated five specimens of Lepidocyclina puspulosa (19602, pl. 2, tig. 5; 1962a, pl. .7, figs. 1, 5; pl. 8, figs. 1, 8) in which there is not only a multilocular embryonic mass, but also either incorporated in the periphery or in juxtaposition to the multilocular mass there are one or more sets of bilocular embryonic chambers of the lepidocycline s. s. kind. These bilocular embryonic chambers are entirely comparable to those occurring in associated specimens with a single set of bilocular embryonic chambers. This association of a multilocular embryonic mass and bilocular embryonic chambers in specimens which are otherwise similar in other internal structures to specimens with single bilocular sets of embryonic chambers is suggestive that only one species is involved. But, this relationship might be fortuitous, 7 However, it has been demonstrated that in Lepidocyclina vaugham rare specimens (Cole, 1961a, pl. 12, fig. 5) occur in which a multilocular embryonic mass is found in association with a set of eulepidine embryonic chambers which is similar to those in specimens with single sets of embryonic chambers. These specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers in as- sociation with bilocular embryonic chambers are similar to speci- mens in which two or more sets of bilocular embryonic chambers occur (fig. 6, PI. 4). Specimens with two sets of bilocular embryonic chambers are formed by two, mononucleate amoebulae. Moreover, the configuration of the embryonic chambers in such specimens conforms to the pattern which would result if only one set of bilocular embryonic chambers were formed. However, if several nuclei are associated in a mass of cytoplasm on the border of which are one or more small masses of cytoplasm each of which contained a single nucleus, a multilocular embryonic mass will result on the periphery of which would be one or more sets of bilocular embryonic chambers. Inasmuch as the pattern of the bilocular embryonic chambers is genetically controlled, it follows that multilocular embryonic masses are the result of irregularity in asexual reproduction. There- fore, this kind of embryonic mass cannot be used to define a genus or subgenus. 18 Bu Lvetin 205 Thus, Pliolepidina toblert H. Douvillé as recognized by Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 312) is a species based upon abnormal specimens and must be a synonym of Lepidocyclina pustulosa H. Douvillé, a conclusion which Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 66) reached many years ago, As additional specimens of species of Lepidocyclina in which multilocular chambers nave not been reported are sectioned, some specimens are found which have such chambers. Figure 2 of Plate 12 illustrates a specimen of Lepidocyclina ocalana which has three large embryonic chambers. A specimen (fig. 1, Pl. 12) of this same species with bilocular embryonic chambers is illustrated for com- parison. Previously, a specimen (Cole, 1944, pl. 16, fig. 10) of L. ocalana (identified as L. mortont) which had trilocular embryonic chambers had been illustrated. At that time the significance of this kind of embryonic chamber was not fully appreciated. There is every indication that multiple embryonic chambers will be found in many other species. Sachs (personal communication ) already observed multilocular chambers in another species not known to have such chambers, and he eventually will publish on his observations. PLIOLEPIDINA H. DOUVILLE, 1917, A SYNONYM OF LEPIDOCYCLINA S. S. GUMBEL, 1870 H. Douvillé (1915, p. 727, text fig. 34) proposed the sub- generic name Pliolepidina, which he based upon an unnamed species of Lepidocyclina with multilocular embryonic chambers. In 1917 he (H. Douvillé, p. 843, text figs. 5, 6) gave the specific name P. toblen to the specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers, thus validating Pliolepidina. Later, Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 64) decided that “The sub- genus Pliolepidina was initially based on the peculiar embryonic chambers of the megalospheric form of L. tobleri, but as the pecu- larity of those chambers is teratologic, that feature is invalid as the basis of a subgenus.” Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 66) concluded that specimens with LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 19 bilocular embryonic chambers which they identified as Lepidocyclina pustulosa H. Douvillé and which always occur in association with the specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers was the normal form. For this series composed of individuals with multilocular embryonic chambers and others with bilocular embryonic chambers Vaughan and Cole retained the specific name Lepidocyclina (Plo- lepidina) pustulosa H. Douvillé. At the same time Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 64) redefined the subgenus Pholepidina to include specimens with bilocular and multi- locular embryonic chambers. In addition they (1941, p. 65) trans- ferred certain species, previously classified as Lepidocyclina s. s. to the redefined subgenus Plhiolepidina. Pliolepidina was assumed to differ from Lepidocychna s. 5. in the development of the stolon system. Pholepidina at that time was believed to have a four-stolon system, and Lefidocyclina s. s. a six- stolon system. Various attempts have been made to use stolon systems as a basis of classification, one of the most penetrating of which was the one by Grimsdale (1959). Although the importance of such studies should not be minimized, the difficulty of obtaining satisfactory preparations which expose the stolon system must be recognized. Theoretically stolon systems might be ideal structures upon which to base a classification, but practically it is impossible at the present time to use these systems. One is forced to relie on structures which may be observed readily, yet these structures must be sufficiently distinct and stable to characterize each genus and subgenus. Equatorial sections of Phiolepidina and Lepidocyclina resemble each other, but Cole (196la, p. 142; 1962a, p. 49) attempted to show that there were sufficient differences in the development of the embryonic, periem- bryonic and equatorial chambers to maintain these two subgenera. On Plate 1 there are two illustrations (figs. 1, 2) of parts of the equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina mantelli (Morton), the type species of Lepidocyclina s. s. These specimens were collected from the Marianna limestone of lower Oligocene age. Figure 5 of Plate 1 illustrates at the same magnification part of an equatorial section of Lepidocyclina pustulosa H. Douvillé, the type species of 20 BuLvetin 205 Pliolepidina as redefined by Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 64). This specimen came from the upper Eocene of Trinidad. In addition, part of the equatorial section of Lepidocyclina ariana Cole and Ponton (fig. 4, Pl. 1) from the middle Eocene of Florida is illustrated for comparison. This species has been con- sidered by Cole (1944, p. 61) to be a representative species in the subgenus Plolepidina. Figure 3 of Plate 1 is Lepidocyclina antillea Cushman, the type of Polylepidina, from the middle Eocene of Jamaica. L. antillea is the first known species which may be placed in the genus Lepidocy- clina. The subgenus Polylepidina is characterized by the partial coil of periembryonic chambers which surrounds the embryonic chambers except for a short distance across the top of the second embryonic chamber. The arrangement of the periembryonic chambers in Polylepidina is distinct and constant so that these chambers can be used satis- factorily to distinguish this subgenus from the other subgenera of Lepidocyclina. Moreover, in every suite of specimens referred to Polylepidina there are always rare specimens in which an amphis- tegine kind of aperture is developed (figs. 5, 6, Pl. 7). This has been observed in specimens from Florida, Mexico, St. Bartholomew, and Jamaica. Eames, et al. (19626, p. 300) elevated Pliolepidina to generic rank, basing this genus on a species which does “not differ signifi- cantly from Lepidocyclina” except by the development of multi- locular embryonic masses. If the thesis of Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 64) that all lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic masses are abnormal is accepted, the name Pliolepidina will become invalid if the normal form of the type species of Plolepidina belongs to another previously described genus or subgenus. Although Eames, et al. (19626, p. 294) did not accept the proof advanced originally by Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 64) and en- larged by Cole (19602) that specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers are abnormal, there seems to be sufficient evidence (Cole, 1961a, p. 140; 1962a, p. 33) available to substantiate the conclusion of Vaughan and Cole. The evidence previously available is more completely reinforced by the additional facts presented in this article. LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 2] The decision, therefore, on the validity of Pholepidina must be decided on the characteristics of Lepidocychna pustulosa. Vhis is without question the normal specimens with bilocular embryonic chambers which by reproductive irregularities produced specimens with multilocular embryonic masses. Although Cole as recently as 1962(a, p. 49) was convinced that Pholepidina, based upon Lepidocychna pustulosa (= L. tobleri, an abnormal form), could be differentiated from Lepidocyclina s. s. this position cannot be maintained. Comparison of the illustrations of L. mantel (tgs. 1,2, Pl. 1) with those of L. pustulosa (fig. 5, Pl. 1) and L. ariana (fig. 4, Pl. 1) demonstrate that the embryonic apparati (embryonic and periembryonic chambers) are the same. Thus, Pholepidina is a synonym of Lepidocyclina s. s. Cole (1962a, p. 50) postulated that Lepidocyclina s. 5. was restricted to the Americas with a stratigraplic range from lower Oligocene into the lower Miocene, whereas Pliolepidina was assumed to range from the American middle Eocene to the top of the upper Focene. However, he (1962a, p. 50) noted that specimens from the upper Eocene of Morocco (Bourcart and David, 1933, p. 48; Bron- nimann, 1940) should be assigned to Plolepidina. If the proof that Pholepidina is a synonym of Lepidocyclina s. s. is accepted, the stratigraphic range of Lepidocyclina s. s. in the Americas is from upper middle Eocene into the lower Miocene. Else- where, Lepidocyclina s. s. is known to-date only from the upper Eocene of Morocco. VARIATION IN AND SYNONYMS OF LEPIDOCYCLINA PUSTULOSA H. DOUVILLE Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé IPL, aL, sats, Ge Pls. 2-4; Pl. 5, figs. 1-4; Pl. 10, figs. 1-4 1917. Isolepidina pustulosa H. Douvillé, Paris Acad. Sci., C. R., v. 164, p. 84H, text figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1924. Lepidocyclina trinitatis H. Douvillé, Géol. Soc. France, Mém, n. ser., v. 1, No. 2, p. 34, 35, pl. 1, fig. 1; text figs. 7-12. 1926. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) bontourana MWHodson, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 12, No. 47, p. 21, pl. 5, figs. 2, 4, 5. 1928. Lepidocyclina subglobosa Nuttall, Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., bt Ss ed Fo Pa 10+ 0) Lr SH °K Jo PR fs Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 65) listed a number of species Djs BuLLeTIN 205 which they considered to be synonyms of L. pustulosa among which they included L. trinitatis H. Douvillé and L. bontourana Hodson. Although Vaughan and Cole excluded L. swbglobosa Nuttall from the list and maintained this species as a separate one, Cole (1952, p. 17) became convinced “from the study of many thin sections that L. subglobosa Nuttall represents small specimens of L. pustulosa.” In the discussion of L. pustulosa Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 65) wrote: “Numerous names have been applied to different forms, all of which are considered to represent different types of form and shape of L. pustulosa ... The definition of the original name pustu- losa must be enlarged to cover this almost bewildering variation in form.” Grimsdale (1959, p. 29), in a competent and stimulating review of the American Lepidocyclinidae, “accepted for the most part” the synonymy of L. pustulosa presented by Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 65). However, he (Grimsdale, 1959, p. 30) did object to the sug- gestion made by Cole (1952, p. 17) that L. swbglobosa Nuttall was another synonym of L. pustulosa. Although Grimsdale (1959, p. 16) plotted similar stratigraphic ranges for L. swbglobosa and L. pustulosa in the upper Eocene, he postulated that L. subglobosa was derived from L. pustulosa, and that L. subglobosa in turn generated the Oligocene to lower Miocene species L. yurnagunensis Cushman. He (Grimsdale, 1959, p. 30) re- marked that in his studies in Trinidad he had “no difficulty” in distinguishing L. swbglobosa from L. pustulosa, but that he had “considerable trouble in separating L. swbglobosa from L. yurna- gunensis.” Later, Cole (1960a, p. 136) re-emphasized that specimens as- signed to L. swbglobosa could not be distinguished from other speci- mens which had been referred without question to L. pustulosa. In addition, he attempted to demonstrate that L. yurnagunensis could be distinguished from L. pustulosa by observation of the shape of the equatorial and embryonic chambers, and he (Cole, 1961a, pl. 9, figs. 2,5; pl. 10, figs. 3, 4, 6; pl. 15, figs. 5, 6; pl. 16, figs. 2-6) illustrated a number of specimens of L. yurnagunensis for comparison with specimens of L. pustulosa. Recently, Eames, et al. (19626, p. 301-303, 310, 311, 314) ex- LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 23 pressed the opinion that there were at least three valid specific names among those which Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 65) and Cole (1960a, p. 135) included in the synonymy of L. pustulosa H. Douvillé (1917). These species are: L. tobleri H. Douvillé (1917), L. trinitatis H. Douvillé (1924) and L. bontourana Hodson (1926). Eames, et al., however, placed L. swbglobosa Nuttall (1928) in the synonymy of L. pustulosa as Cole (1952, p. 17) had already sug- gested should be done. Specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers which Eames, et al. (19626, p. 312) classified as Pliolepidina toblen (H. Douvillé) are discussed in another section of this article and attention here will be focused upon those which have bilocular embryonic chambers. In their synonymy Eames, et al. (19626, p. 314) assigned speci- mens originally referred to L. pustulosa by Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 65) to L. trinitatis with the comment (p. 312) in their synonymy of L. pustulosa “It is unlikely that any of the figures represent this species; the diagnostic ones are L. trimtatis and P. toblert.” As many of the specimens assigned by Vaughan and Cole (1941, Dae ulcchon.2- pl. 20, ties: 1-6; pl. 27; pl, 28, tugs. 1=7, 9; pl. 29; pl. 30, fig. 3) to L. pustulosa were from Kugler’s locality K2854 (loc. 1 of this article), 12 additional equatorial sections were made from a part of the original collection which is still in my possession. The measurements of the embryonic chambers obtained from these thin sections were plotted on the scatter diagram (fig. 1), and the measurements of the specimens which are illustrated (PI. 1, fig. 5; Pl. 2, figs. 1-6) are given in Table 1. Specimens from this same locality of which illustrations have been published previously were measured (Table 2) and these measurements were plotted on figure 1. Thus, a total of 17 measurements was obtained from specimens from this locality. Table 1—Measurements of specimens of Lepidocyclina pustulosa plotted on figure 1 which are illustrated on the Plates 1-4. Distance Distance across across Diameter embryonic initial of section Locality Plate Figure chambers (u) chamber(u) (mm.) 1 (K2854) 2 1 310 160 2.2 1 (K2854) 2 2 340 180 2.8 24 BULLETIN 205 1 (K2854) 2 3 360 200 1.8 1 (K2854) 2 4 440 250 eS 1 C2 8543) 2, 6 480 260 525 1 (K2854) 1 5 490) 250 2.45 1 (K2854) Zs 5 520 290 2.8 2 (K903) 3 J 640 400 2.9 3 (Vista Bella) 3 2 710 390 2.95 2 (K903) 3 6 770 400 2.15 2 (K903) 3 5 880 540 BES 3 (Vista Bella) + 5 890 510 4.0 Table 2.—Reference to previously published illustrations of specimens of Lepidocyclina pustulosa plotted on figure 1. Distance Distance across across Diameter embryonic initial of section Reference Plate Figure chambers (“) chamber (u) (mm.) Cole (1952) 15 14 240 130 1.36 14 2 260 180 1.47 Vaughan and Cole (1941) 31 8 260 160 1.54 *Nuttall (1928) 8 6 280 (est.) 160 (est.) 1.45 (est.) Vaughan and Cole (1941) 25 5 390 210 1.91 Cole (1952) 20 15 390 220 1.22 Cole (1960a) Q, 9 400 250 Drath 2 3 410 200 5) Cole (1949) 55 8 420 260 3.75 Cole (1952) 14 1 470 280 ial Cole (1960a) 2 + 520 300 eh 2 1 550 340 B74 **Hodson (1926) 5 5 630 320 De, Cole (1962a) 6 + 670 360 1.9 Cole (1960a) 2 6 1020 610 4.0 *Type of L. subglobosa (est. = computed from illustration) **Type of L. bontourana The measurements to obtain the data for the scatter diagram (fig. 1) were made across the embryonic chambers at right angles to the dividing wall between the chambers. The distance across both chambers includes the thickness of the wall of the embryonic chambers on both ends of the measurement. The distance across the initial chamber includes the thickness of the wall of this embryonic chamber and the thickness of the partition between the two em- bryonic chambers. New equatorial sections of specimens from localities 2 and 3 60 80 “J Ul steqtueyo ou Kg oy fo ww uy 20 AZIS sueqwoyo oud ur AQIqenirea D}uoAsqwa yyog 90 $S0190 a@UD\sIG so OIE. }SUOUA Pp Ae) O} WIR BIp LOJVIG—'T IInd, £0 zo y [0 4@ sawoy asa oso/njsnd 7 (022) 8 907 $90] IV (2 901) psogoj6gns'7 jo adky (9 901) BuosNOJu0gT 40 adh) (6616 20] S9SfN) g 907 (S¢bl 13) % 207 (0119@ OIA) E 907 (€O6 H) 2 907 (pSB2y)1 907 ? Fal e pwoudg ron popiuusy 1 ae) so 90 $$0490 auojsig Jaquoyd |Ortul ww ul 26 BuLveTtin 205 were prepared and measured. [These measurements were plotted on figure 1, and certain of these specimens whose measurements are given in Table 1 are illustrated (PI. 3, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6; Pl. 4, fig. 5). Finally, measurements were made of specimens from additional localities in Trinidad and vicinity and the Panama Canal Zone, all of which have been illustrated previously. These measurements were plotted on figure 1. Through the kindness of Dr. Katherine Palmer, Director of the Paleontological Research Institution, I was able to examine and measure the type of L. bontowrana Hodson (1926). The measurements given for the type of L. swbglobosa Nuttall (1928), however, had to be estimated from the type illustration. A total of 52 measurements was obtained of which 15 were of previously published equatorial sections and 12 of which are from sections illustrated in this article. Although not all of the sections which were measured have been published, there is seemingly a sufficient number of illustrations available so that conclusions may be made independent of the measurements. Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 302) gave in a table the differences by which they believed L. pustulosa and L. trinitatis can be sep- arated. Moreover, they emphasized that “Lepidocyclina (L.) bon- tourana Hodson, 1926, can be distinguished from both L. trimitatis and L. pustulosa by its larger megalospheric nucleoconch, the greater diameter of which is 0.70-0.86 mm., whereas that of L. trinitatis rarely exceeds 0.55 mm., and that of L. pustulosa is usually less than 0.35 mm.” The “maximum overall diameter of the megalospheric nucleo- conch” of L. trinitatis is stated by Eames, et al. (19626, p. 302) as “0.40-0.65 mm. (rarely over 0.55 mm.).” Thirty-two of the 52 speci- mens (fig. 1) analyzed have embryonic chambers with a distance across both chambers from 400 to 650 » (roughly 61%). Ten of these 32 specimens have embryonic chambers with a distance across both chambers from 550 to 650 up. Thirteen of the 52 specimens (roughly 25%) have embryonic chambers with a distance across both chambers below 400 p, and 7 specimens (roughly 13 percent) have embryonic chambers with a distance across both chambers greater than 650 yp. LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 27 The scatter diagram (fig. 1) shows that the greatest number of specimens have embryonic chambers with a distance across both chambers between 360 and 630 yw, a spread of 270 p». Between these arbitary limits there are 38 specimens (roughly 73%). Eames, et al. (19626, p. 302) allowed for L. trinittatis a spread of 250 p» (from 0.40 to 0.65 mm.). If measurements such as these alone are used, the major part of the specimens should be assigned to L. trimtatis. ‘Thus, the re- maining 27 percent of the specimens at either end of the plot could be other species. However, this would be an entirely arbitary decision because the scatter diagram shows complete continuity. Moreover, it demon- strates clearly that within limits the size of the embryonic chambers reflects the locality from which the specimens were obtained. From locality 1 (K2854) there are 17yspecimens with the diameter of the embryonic chambers between 310 to 550 p, a spread of 240 uw; from locality 2 (K903) there are 13 specimens with em- bryonic chambers with diameters between 450 and 880 p», a spread of 430 mw; and from locality 3 (Vista Bella) the diameters of 13 specimens are from 380 to 1020 », a spread of 640 yp. It should be noted that the specimens from locality 1 (K2854) with diameters of 310 to 550 uw overlap those from locality 2 (K903 ) with diameters from 450 to 880 ,», whereas those from locality 3 (Vista Bella) overlap, include, and extend beyond those of both the other localities. From the foregoing analysis the conclusion has been reached that the size of the embryonic chambers cannot be used to delimit species. Table 3 gives similar measurements of the embryonic chambers of Lepidocychna yurnagunensis. These specimens would fall be- tween the limits given for L. pustulosa and L. trinitatis by Eames, et al. (19626, p. 302). 28 BuLvetin 205 Table 3.—Measurements of certain published specimens of Lepidocyclina yurnagunensis Distance Distance across across Diameter embryonic initial of section Reference Plate Figure chambers () chamber (zt) (mm.) Cole (1961a) 16 6 240 130 2.3 (1960a) 3 8 260 150 2.6 (1961a) 16 5 280 150 3.4 16 3 300 160 Pe\I 16 2 320 190 Zee, Cole and Applin (1961) 7 13 330 190 21 Cole (1960a) 16 + 360 210 Z5 10 3 390 210 25 *Not figured — — +00 230 2.8 Cole (1961a) 10 4+ 470 270 2.3 *Cole (1960a) p. 137, loc. 4. Although the scatter diagram (fig. 1) demonstrates a grada- tional series with regard to the size-of the embryonic chambers, there may be other structures suggested by Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 302) by which the species which they recognized can be identified. For example, they (p. 302) stated that the average size of the ephebic equatorial chambers both in L. pustulosa and L. trimtatis was the same (0.04-0.09 mm.), but the chambers of L. pustulosa are “thick-walled with relatively small lumen,’ whereas those of L. trimttatis are “thin-walled with relatively large lumen.” If reference is made to the specimen illustrated as figure 2, Plate 2, it will be noted that the equatorial chambers on the lower edge are thin-walled with a large opening, whereas those shown else- where in this section are thicker walled with a smaller opening. The details of these equatorial chambers are shown by figures 1-4, Plate 5. The equatorial chambers of other specimens for comparison are illustrated at the same magnification by figures 3, 4, Plate 4. As an example of another misconception, the arrangement of the periembryonic chambers may be cited. Eames, et al. (19625, p. 302) wrote: “The auxiliary chambers of L. bontourana are usually long and low, forming an obvious ring around the nucleoconch, whereas those of the other two species usually show two inflated primary auxiliary chambers.” However, all the specimens, regard- LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 29 less of the size of the embryonic chambers, have the embryonic chambers surrounded by a more or less complete ring of long, nar- row periembryonic chambers. If figure 6, Plate 3 of a specimen whose embryonic chambers have a maximum diameter of 770 » is compared with the type illustration of L. bontowrana Hodson (1926, pl. 5, fig. 5), the em- bryonic chambers of which have a maximum diameter of 830 yp, it will be observed that the periembryonic chambers are similar in both specimens. The specimen illustrated as figure 3, Plate 2 whose embryonic chambers have a maximum diameter of 360 » has periem- bryonic chambers which are entirely comparable to those of the specimens with the larger embryonic chambers. The specimens illustrated by figure 4, Plate 2 (with a maximum diameter of embryonic chambers of 440 ») and figure 5, Plate 2 (with a maximum diameter of embryonic chambers of 520 ») have periembryonic chambers comparable in arrangement to those of L. bontourana. However, on the size of the embryonic chambers these specimens would have to be referred to L. trimtatis if the criterion of Eames, et al. (19626, p. 302) of size of embryonic chambers alone were used. Many equatorial sections which have been illustrated are not exactly centered, therefore, the full development of the periembry- onic chambers does not show. In such illustrations the two periem- bryonic chambers, one on each end opposite the dividing wall of the embryonic chambers, become unusually prominent as they are the ones first exposed in sectioning. Nuttall’s illustration (1928, pl. 8, fig. 6) was made obviously from such a section. A specimen identified by Cole (1960a, pl. 2, fig. 6) as L. pustu- losa was discussed by Eames, et al. (19626, p. 294) as follows: “The isolepidine nucleoconch is far too large for either L. pustulosa or L. trimtatis, and too little of the specimen is illustrated to permit specific identification.” The original illustration (Cole, 1960z, pl. 2, fig. 6) was to show the embryonic, periembryonic and some of the equatorial chambers, X 40. This specimen is illustrated by figure 1, Plate 4, X 40, to show more of the equatorial chambers, and by figure 2, Plate 4, X 20, which includes all of the structures from the embryonic chambers to the edge of the test. This specimen whose embryonic chambers have a diameter of 1020 p in all other respects 30 BuLueTtIn 205 is comparable to specimens with smaller embryonic chambers. Specimens with embryonic chambers with diameters greater than 700 p» are rare as only 5 (roughly 9 percent) of the 52 plotted in figure 1 has this size of embryonic chamber. Two of these were obtained from locality 2 and three came from locality 3, a locality which has specimens with the greatest spread in size of embryonic chambers. Additional vertical sections (figs. 1-4, Pl. 10) of four specimens of L. pustulosa from locality 1 (K2854) are illustrated. Vaughan and Cole (1941, pl. 26, figs. 1-6) figured six specimens from this lo- cality. These 10 vertical sections should demonstrate the variation of this species in vertical section. Specimens formerly assigned to Triplalepidina veracruxiana Vaughan and Cole which are considered to be synonymous with L. pustulosa are discussed separately in another section of this dis- course. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE OF LEPIDOCYCLINA PUSTULOSA H. DOUVILLE Eames, et al. (1962), p. 302) wrote “It was suggested by Eames, et al. (1962) that occurrences of L. pustulosa and L. trimtatis in beds which they considered to be of Aquitanian age consisted of material reworked from the Eocene. Although these two species, and also L. bontowrana do seem to occur in beds that are unequivocally Eocene, no specimens that could be referred to P. tobleri, nor indeed to any species of Pliolepidina, occur below the levels that we could consider to be Aquitanian. P. tobleri itself has been recorded from levels as high as the Burdigalian Culebra formation.” Eames, et al. thereby admit that L. pustulosa and species here considered to be synonymous with L. pustulosa have been recorded correctly as occurring in the Eocene, except their “Plolepidina toblen.” The only reference of which I am aware of the occurrence of “L. toblert” in the Culebra formation is the one by Cushman (1918) in which he recorded on page 90 that L. panamensis (accepted by Eames, et al., 1962b, p. 312 as a synonym of “L. toblerv”) occurred “at 6012a and 6012e in Gaillard Cut, in the Culebra formation.” LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 3] However, on page 95 Cushman wrote under occurrence of L. pana- mensis “. . . 6012a and 6012c, south of Empire Bridge, in the Culebra formation, specimens of small orbitoids occur, but they are not sufficiently well preserved for positive identification. Although those from the latter station seem somewhat like L. panamensis in their thin borders and raised center with papillae, they cannot be specifically identified with certainty.” At the best this would seem a dubious record of occurrence upon which to place any reliance whatsoever. In 1961 (Cole, 196la, p. 139) in an article which I assume was published during the interval that Eames, et al. manuscript was in the editor’s hands I reported on an examination of additional material collected at the same time that the samples studied by Cushman were obtained. The specimens in these samples which are similar to the brief description given by Cushman (1918) are Lepidocyclina yurnd€unensis, and lepido- cyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers were not found. Eames, et al. (1962a, p. 81) were aware from information sent by letter written by J. B. Saunders and from a list of species pub- lished by Cole (19606, p. 57) that lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers occurred in association with Globorotalia cer- roazulensis (Cole) in Trinidad. Bolli (1957, p. 160) and Cole (19600, p. 57) recorded from samples collected at the same locality smaller and larger Foramini- fera, all of which had been recorded only from the Eocene, among which were lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers. Even if the samples from which this fauna was obtained were collected from a slip mass in a geological younger formation, the fauna of such a slip mass would be an indigenous one which could be used to obtain the geological age of the slip mass. The only paleontological evidence which would invalidate such a dating would be a mixed fauna of species diagnostic of two different stratigraphic ages. As the smaller and larger Foraminifera are all characteristic of the Eocene, the conclusion must be that this fauna does not indicate any evidence of reworking, and that lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers are indigenous ones in an Eocene association. Eames, et al. (1962, p. 302) continued to insist that lepidocy- clines with multilocular embryonic chambers which they identified Sy BULLETIN 205 as Pholepidina toblert developed in and characterized the Miocene. Therefore, they reasoned all associated species must be reworked. Cole (1961a, p. 137) commented on this peculiar faunal relationship as follows: “. . . the species with irregular, multilocular embryonic chambers would be the only indigenous species present at the local- ities from which it is known in the vast Caribbean area.” One other record of the occurrence of L. pustulosa as L. ( Pliole- pidina) toblerr in the Oligocene requires clarification. Stainforth (1948, p. 134) reported lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers occurred in Ecuador in association with Lepidocyclina yurnagunensis Cushman and L. undosa Cushman. I have examined specimens from this locality. The supposed “L. yurnagunensis” is L. pustulosa with bilocular embryonic cham- bers, and “L. wndosa” is L. (Eulepidina) chapert. This is a typical upper Eocene association of lepidocyclines. The proof given here and elsewhere that lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers result from irregularities of the reproductive cycle may not be accepted. However, this concept appears to be more logical in view of the data available than the concept that these specimens are positive indicators of the Miocene and that associated specimens of undoubted Eocene age are re- worked. All the evidence clearly indicates that Lepidocyclina pustulosa with bilocular or multilocular embryonic chambers does not range above the top of the Eocene. THE STATUS OF THE GENERIC NAME 7RIPEALEPIDINA VAUGHAN AND COLE, 1938. Grimsdale (1959, p. 19) recognized that Triplalepidina Vaughan and Cole (1938, p. 167), type species T. veracruziana, based upon specimens from a locality near Palma Sola, Vera Cruz, Mexico, was a synonym of Lepidocyclina. He (Grimsdale, 1959, p. 19) postulated “From L. peruviana sprang L. veracruziana in which the thicken- ing of the walls of the equatorial chambers is heavily augmented to form an almost solid mass of shell material, infilling the central parts of the equatorial chambers, and dividing the equatorial layer into three zones.” LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 33 On Plate 6, figure 2 is an illustration of an equatorial section of a specimen from Peru which has been identified as L. peruviana, and two vertical sections (figs. 9, 12) on Plate 10 illustrate other details of this species. Topotypes of L. veracruziana are illustrated by figure 4, Plate 6 and figure 11, Plate 10, Additional specimens (fig. 10, Pl. 10; figs. 1-5, Pl. 14) of L. veracruxtana from another locality are illustrated to supplement the topotypes. If these illustrations are compared, it is impossible to discover any criteria by which two species could be recognized as the internal structures including the division of the peripheral equatorial cham- bers into chamberlets is the same. Therefore, L. veracruziana is a synonym of L. peruviana. Vaughan (1924, p. 797) in one of his preliminary studies of species of Lepidocyclina decided that L. peruviana Cushman was a synonym of L. r. douviller Lisson. Later, he (Vaughan, in Shep- pard, 1937, p. 165) reversed this conclusion stating that there were two related but recognizable species. Cole (1944, p. 70) identified in samples from a well in Florida L. peruviana and L. r. douvillet, but emphasized that “The em- bryonic and equatorial chambers (of L. r. douvillei) are similar to those of L. peruviana.” Recently, Sachs (unpublished thesis) concluded that L. peruvi- ana and L. cedarkeysensis Cole (1942, p. 43) were synonyms of L. r. douviller. Restudy of these species has convinced me that Sachs was correct. The topotype specimens of L. r. douviller figured by Vaughan (in Sheppard, 1937, fig. 118-9, 10, 11) from Organos Chicos, Peru, are from limestone. These specimens are similar in vertical section to L. cedarkeysensis which also was embedded in limestone. These specimens from Peru and from Florida have thicker roofs and floors of the lateral chambers than do specimens commonly assigned to L. peruviana which do not occur in limestone. However, there are in any suite of specimens individuals which have roofs and floors of the lateral chambers of the thick kind, others with the thinner kind, and still others of an intermediate kind. Although one kind tends to predominate at any particular locality, authors have usually recognized both L. peruviana and L. r. douvillet as components of the same faunas. es) ws Butcetin 205 However, specimens identified as L. peruviana commonly show a peripheral wedge of shell material dividing the equatorial layer, whereas those identified as L. r. dowvillei lack this wedge of shell material. As this wedge of shell material varies from individual to individual and by its position at the periphery of the test is obviously a gerontic development of the test, its presence or absence is not considered to be significant for specific determination. Finally, if the illustrations given here and by others of L. pustulosa are compared with those of L. r. douvillet, it will be discovered that the internal structures are so similar that it is impossible to separate these specimens into two distinct species. Moreover, some typical specimens of L. pustulosa have the equa- torial layer separated into three zones (see: Vaughan and Cole, 1941, pl. 26; tigs.- |, 6, lower part): Dhus, ee douozpa( eee peruviana, L. veracruziana, L. cedarkeysensts) is considered to be a synonym of L. pustulosa H. Douvillé. L. veracruziana at its type locality was assigned by Vaughan and Cole (1938, p. 169) to the Tantoyuca formation (upper Eo- cene). Later, Cole (1956, p. 221) found L. veracruztana in the same rock fragments from which the type specimens of Lepido- cyclina protetformis Vaughan (1924, p. 810) had been obtained. Barker (1936, p. 455) gave the range of L. proteiformis as middle Eocene (Guayabal formation, Cole, 1927), but Muir (1936, p. 117), following Adkins, recorded L. proteiformis in the basal Tantoyuca formation. The specimen (fig. 3, Pl. 6), identified as L. proteiformus, is from the type locality of the Guayabal formation thus giving additional confirmation that L. proteiformis does occur in beds in Mexico which are equivalent to the Cook Mountain of Texas. Grimsdale (1959, p. 19) maintained L. veracruzana (= L. pustulosa) as a distinct species of the upper Eocene and accounted for the association of this species with L. proteiformis by reworking. He stated “There is also local large scale reworking of Middle Eocene material in the base of the Upper Eocene Tantoyuca forma- tion and its equivalents in eastern Mexico.” Although there is abundant evidence that certain species, such as Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) antillea Cushman, are restricted to the middle Eocene, there are data available to suggest that w “1 LarRGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE other species may range from the upper middle Eocene into the upper Eocene (Cole, 1958c, p. 423). L. pustulosa as a distinct species (accompanied by specimens previously identified as L. r. douviller and L. cedarkeysensis) is known to occur in Florida (Cole, 1942, p. 45; 1944, p. 34) in the middle Eocene. Raadshoven (1951, p. 482) reported Lepidocychna resembling L. peruviana—L. r. douviller from middle Eocene strata of Venezuela. In Mexico L. veracruziana was reported from the upper Eocene. In Peru (Stainforth, 1955, p. 2074) and Ecuador (Vaughan, in Sheppard, 1937, p. 153) L. peruviana and L. r. dou- villet are placed in the upper Eocene. Therefore, seemingly the stratigraphic range of L. pustulosa is upper middle Eocene into the upper Eocene. Cole (19580, p. 264; 1958c, p. 416; 19626, p. 145) suggested that other larger Foramini- fera, previously thought to be restricted either “to the upper middle or upper Eocene, range from middle into upper Eocene. Although too few specimens have been sectioned to be certain, data available suggest that L. proteiformis is a synonym of L. oca- lana. If this suggestion is correct, the association of L. proteiformis and L. veracruziana (= L. pustulosa) at the type locality of L. protetfornus would not be the result of reworking, but the associa- tion of species whose ranges extend from middle into upper Eocene. COMMENTS ON SOME OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF LEPIDOCYCLINA AND THEIR USE IN DEFINING SUBGENERA Traditionally, the genus Lepidocyclina has been subdivided into six and sometimes more subgenera by authors. These subgenera are: Polylepidina, Pliolepidina, Lepidocyclina s. s., Nephrolepidina, Eu- lepidina, and Multilepidina. Recently, reduction of the number of subgenera has been proposed. Cole suggested in 1960a (p. 138) that Nephrolepidina was a synonym of Eulepidina and that Multilepidina could not be maintained as it was based upon an abnormal form. If Pholepidina is accepted as a synonym of Lepidocyclina s. s. there will be three subgenera, Polylepidina, Lepidocyclina s. s. and Eulepidina in the genus Lepidocyclina. 36 BuLLeETIN 205 Some authors have stated that certain or all of these subgenera are sufficiently distinct to be elevated to generic rank. Hanzawa (1962, p. 137, 138, 145) considered that each of the subgenera should be so treated. Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 300) maintained Lepidocychna s. 5. and Nephrolepidina as subgenera of Lepidocyclina but advanced Pholepidina and Eulepidina to generic status. Galloway (1928, p. 299) was one of the first to suggest that Polylepidina, described by Vaughan (1924, p. 807) as a subgenus of Lepidocychna, should be elevated to generic rank. Vaughan (1929, p. 288) vigorously objected to this suggestion of Galloway because of the similarity in the construction of the tests of Polylepidina and Lepidocyclina. The structures of the tests of all the known lepidocyclines are so similar, differing only in minor detail, that the phylogeny of the lepidocyclines is best expressed by the use of subgeneric names which minimize distinctiveness and emphasize the homogeneity of the species. Moreover, there will be less confusion if subgeneric names later are suppressed as the generic name will remain constant. Finally, agreement has not been reached upon the interpretation and evaluation of structures which are used to define a genus. Distinctive structures which have been assumed to characterize a certain genus have been found later to be equally developed in species assigned to another genus. Hanzawa (1962, p. 145) not only elevated Polylepidina to generic rank but also transferred this genus to the family Helicolepi- dinidae. In part, he justified this by a comparison of the structure of the walls of the equatorial chambers of Helicolepidina and Poly- lepidina. He (p. 146) wrote: “The illustrations of the median sec- tions... strongly suggest the existence of the intermural canals. . .” In the explanation of an illustration of the equatorial cham- bers (Hanzawa, 1962, pl. 4, fig. 2) of Polylepidina gardnerae Cole (= L. (P.) antillea Cushman) he stated: ‘“Microspheric specimen; septa are rather thick and consist of three layers, the outer two thin, while the middle one is rather wide and seems to show a void space and to represent interseptal canal .. .” Figure 5 of Plate 5 illustrates the structure of the wall of the equatorial chambers of a megalospheric specimen of Polylepidina LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 37 which is entirely similar to the illustration given by Hanzawa (1962, pl. 4, fig. 2). Figure 6 of Plate 5 illustrates the equatorial chambers of Lepidocyclina ocalana. The similarity in the structure of the walls of the equatorial chambers of these two species is easily observed. Vaughan (1929,,p. 289) many years ago accurately described the structure of the walls of Polylepidina and concluded that these walls were entirely comparable to those found in other species of Lepidocyclina. Eames, et al. (19626, p. 295) claimed that “Eulepidina is also clearly distinguishable from Lepidocyclina (s. s.), Nephrole- pidina, and Pliolepidina by the form of the equatorial chambers when seen in axial section. The multiplicity of the intercameral foramina and their associated ridges and grooves produces a charac- teristic appearance in axial sections, even in primitive species . . .; the septa between the chambers are often seen to be sinuous (oppo- sitely corrugated on both sides), and the ridges are extensive. Advanced species . . . show great multiplication of the foramina and grooves, and they are then clearly distinct from even large microspheric Nephrolepidina (e. g., of the Burdigalian or Vindo- bonian, such as L. (N.) ngampelensis, L. (N.) papulifera, L. (N.) gigantea), in which the thickness of the equatorial layer in the outer limits of the flange may at least equal that of Eulepidina.” On Plate 13, figures 1-5 are parts of five vertical sections which show ridges and grooves, hereafter called pectinations, of the kind which Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 295) claimed are characteristic of Eulepidina. On Plate 12, figure 3 is an enlargement of part of figure 1, Plate 13; figure 4 is an enlargement of figure 5, Plate 13, and figure 5 is an enlargement of figure 2, Plate 13. Figure 4 of Plate 13 shows in vertical section the occurrence of multiple stolons. These specimens are arranged according to their stratigraphic dis- tribution in Table 4. Study of the illustrations will demonstrate conclusively that pectinations on the wall of the equatorial chambers do not char- acterize Hulepidina as claimed by Eames, et al. (1962b, 295), nor can such pectinations and multiplicity of stolons “be most character- istic of advanced Eulepidina” (Eames, et al. 1962b, p. 297). 38 BuLvetin 205 TABLE 4 Stratigraphic distribution and identification of the specimens on Plate 13. Specimen Identification Generation Formation Age Pl. 13, figs. L. (L.) ocalana Microspheric Ocala ls. Late Eocene 1, 3, 6 Cushman Pil, WS, sense, G L. (L.) guber- Megalospheric Gatuncillo fm. Late Eocene nacula Cole Pl. 13, fig. 2 L. (L.) mantelli Megalospheric Suwannee ls. Oligocene (Morton) Pl. 13, fig. 5 L. (E.) undosa Megalospheric Suwannee ls. Oligocene Cushman The contention of Eames, et al. concerning the value of stolons and pectinations in defining a genus or subgenus is as incorrect as Chatterji (1961, p. 423) was when he assumed that multiplicity of the equatorial chambers in the peripheral zone was characteristic of Nephrolepidina (see figs. 3, 4, Pl. 13, both of which are Lepido- cyclina s. s.). Eames, et al. (1962b, p. 300) retained Nephrolepidina as a subgenus of Lepidocyclina and elevated Eulepidina to generic rank. As I interpret their definitions, the specimen illustrated as figure 2, Plate 8 would conform to their definition of Eulepidina, whereas the other specimens (figs. 3-5, Pl. 8; figs. 1-5, Pl. 9) would be classified as Nephrolepidina. Figure 1 of Plate 2 is a specimen which on the shape of the embryonic chambers might be classified as Nephrolepidina. This specimen was prepared on purpose to illustrate how a specimen of the kind of figure 2, Plate 8 can be made to appear as if the second chamber does not embrace completely the initial chamber. Mhe specimens: (Gig. 3; Pl. 8; fies: 1) 273) ele? eedemmined as L. (Eulepidina) chapert Lemoine and R. Douvillé, are from the same sample. A vertical section (fig. 13, Pl. 10) of this species from this locality is introduced for completeness. The embryonic chambers of this species show variation in shape from nephrolepidine (fig. 3, Pl. 8; fig. 2, Pl. 9) through figure 1, Plate 9 to eulepidine Cie 3, IPL, 2). Specimens (figs. 4, 5, Pl. -8; fies. 4, 5, Pl2 9) frome Sarpan Island are introduced for comparison. These specimens show that the contact of the initial chamber with the outer wall of the em- LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 39 bryonic chambers is variable. Moreover, the shape of the embryonic chambers in figure 4, Plate 8 and figure 5, Plate 9 is similar to that of figure 3, Plate 9. The arrangement of the embryonic chambers of figure 4, Plate 9 and figures 4, 5, Plate 8 is entirely similar to that of figure 2, Plate 8. Thus, Hulepidina as defined by Eames, et al. (19626, p. 300) must be based solely upon the size of the embryonic cham- bers. In another section of this discourse evidence 1s advanced that in L. pustulosa the size of embryonic chambers in a species has great latitude. Therefore, it seems to be illogical to use size as a distinctive criterion in defining a genus. Moreover, Vaughan (1926, pl. 24, fig. 1) illustrated the em- bryonic chambers of L. undosa which are distinct nephrolepidine in shape, yet are of sufficient size to be incliided in Eames, et al. definition of Eulepidina. Gravell (1933, p. 31) wrote concerning L. undosa “A large number of sections of this species show the embryonic apparatus varying from the nephrolepidine to eulepidine type, making the assignment of this species to either subgenus virtually optional.” This same situation has been found in other species. For example, the specimen illustrated by Cole (1960a, pl. 1, fig. 6) on size and arrangement of the embryonic chambers should be classified as Eulepidina if the definition of Eames, et al. (19625, p. 300) is followed, yet it was associated with specimens other- wise similar except for the shape and size of the embryonic chambers (Cole, 1960a, pl. 1, figs. 1-3, 7, 8, 10). Eames, e¢ al. (19626, p. 316) considered all of these specimens to be representatives of Lepido- cyclina (Nephrolepidina) with the exception of figure 1, plate 1 (Cole, 19602) which they assigned to Pliolepidina as recognized by them. These citations demonstrate that the classification proposed by Eames, et al. is not logical. They included in their Nephrolepidina a specimen which conforms to their own definition of Euwlepidina. But, they excluded and placed in their Pliolepidina a specimen from the same locality which is similar in all other structures to those which they placed in their Nephrolepidina. 40) BuLveTIN 205 COMMENTS ON LEPIDOCYCLINA RADIATA (Martin) Van der Vlerk (1961) published an excellent description and illustrations of the equatorial section of the type of L. radiata. A specimen (Cole, 1962a, pl. 4, fig. 2) from Oneata, Lau, Fiji, has an equatorial section which is identical with that of the type of L. radiata. A number of specimens from Oneata were studied by Cole (1960a, p. 136; 1962a, p. 35-39, 42-46), and the conclusion was reached that all of these specimens should be assigned to L. radiata. The series included specimens with bilocular, trilocular, and multi- locular embryonic chambers. Recently, additional material from near the type locality of Lepidocyclina (Cyclolepidina) suvaensis Whipple on Viti Levu, Fiji, was sent me through the courtesy of Harry S. Ladd. A part of an equatorial section (fig. 6, Pl. 14) of one of the specimens from this collection is illustrated and most certainly is L. radiata. Although Cole (1960a, p. 137) placed L. (C.) suvaensis in the synonymy of L. radiata, Eames, et al. (19626, p. 316) assigned some of the specimens figured by Whipple (in Ladd, 1934, pl. 20) to Pliolepidina irregularis (Hanzawa) (Whipple’s figs. 5-8) and others (Whipple’s figs. 1-4) to Pholepidina luxurians (Tobler). At the Oneata locality Cole (1960a, p. 136) recognized only L. radiata, but Eames, et al. (19626) identified from the illustra- tions given by Cole (1960a, pl. 1) two species each of which was assigned to a different genus. All of these specimens have identical internal structures with the exception of the embryonic chambers which may be bilocular, crilocular, or multilocular. Although Eames, et al. (1962, p. 303) discussed how these species may be recognized, seemingly the major emphasis was placed upon the kind of embryonic chambers present. If this were not the case, how could they determine that figure 1 of plate 1 (Cole, 19602) represented P. irregularis, whereas figure 2 of this plate was assigned to L. oneataensis as the equatorial cham- bers of the two specimens have the same shape? It is even a little more difficult to decide how Eames, et al. (19626, p. 316) could separate the specimens illustrated by Whip- ple (in Ladd, 1934, pl. 20) into two species. LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 4] Finally, it would appear to be inconsistent to separate speci- mens with bilocular embryonic chambers into one genus and others with multilocular embryonic chambers in another genus, yet in- clude specimens with trilocular embryonic chambers (Cole, 1960a, pl. 1, fig. 10; Pl. 10, fig. 6) with those with bilocular embryonic chambers. Should not these specimens with trilocular embryonic chambers be segregated into still another genus? Although Eames, et al. (19626, p. 293) stated that one of the sections with trilocular embryonic chambers (Cole, 1960a, pl. 1, fig. 10) was “a skew section of the ‘trybliolepidine’ type of nucleo- conch,” they were mistaken. This section and others (see: Cole, IPGvarmplataties. 2) 4,5; El) 14) fies 6) were made by me and observed throughout their preparation. These specimens had embry- onic chambers with a threefold division which could be seen clearly during the entire preparation of the section. Moreover, the distribu- tion of the equatorial chambers and the periembryonic chambers demonstrates that these are centered, not oblique, sections. A specimen of L. radiata with two, separate sets of trilocular embryonic chambers (Cole, 1962a, pl. 4, fig. 1) has been illustrated. Recently, from the same locality (L 466, Oneata, Lau, Fiji) another specimen was found which has two separate sets of embryonic chambers. One of the sets is trilocular, but the other set 1s multiloc- ular consisting of a large central chamber on the periphery of which there are four smaller chambers. This multilocular set resembles the one illustrated as figure 3, plate 5 (Cole, 1962a). It has been demonstrated that sets of bilocular and multilocular * and the specimen described above proves that trilocular and multilocular embryonic chambers embryonic chambers occur as “twins,’ develop within a single specimen. These associations are considered to prove without question that multilocular embryonic chambers result from irregularity in the reproductive cycle of Lepidocyclina. Therefore, this kind of embryonic chamber cannot be used to char- acterize a genus or subgenus. 42 BULLETIN 205 VARIATION IN HELICOSTEGINA POLYGYRALIS (Barker) Helicostegina polygyralis (Barker) Pl. 10; figs, 5-67, 11 1932. Helicolepidina polygyralis Barker, Geol. Mag., v. 69, p. 309, 310, pl. 22, fig. 5; text fig. 4. This species and its synonyms have been considered in detail recently (Cole, 1960b, p. 59). Several megalospheric specimens from locality 7a were illustrated in the previous discussion. Since that time several microspheric specimens (figs. 1-4, Pl. 11) were found at this locality and are illustrated to complete the series of illustra- tions. Several additional megalospheric specimens (figs. 5-8, Pl. 11) from locality 7a and from locality 23a are illustrated to demonstrate that the length of the whorl of spiral chambers is somewhat vari- able. However, the prominence of this whorl as viewed in median section is controlled mainly by the position of the section. One specimen (fig. 5, Pl. 11) illustrates a short whorl of the kind which was assumed to characterize Helicostegina paucispira (Barker and Grmsdale), whereas another specimen (fig. 8, PI. 11) has a long whorl of the kind described for Helicostegina soldadensis Grimsdale. Another specimen (fig. 6, Pl. 11) illustrates one in which the whorl is intermediate between the other two. The specimen (fig. 7, Pl. 11) with the extremely prominent whorl and a small number of equatorial chamberlets was ground slightly beyond the median plane on purpose. At one stage in the preparation of this thin section its appearance was similar to that of the specimen illustrated in figure 8, Plate 11. Sections of a sufficient number of specimens from several lo- calities have been prepared to demonstrate that the length of the whorl of spiral chambers cannot be used in specific determinations. Microspheric specimens have been found at the type localities from which megalospheric specimens of H. polygyralis and AH. paucispira were obtained. These microspheric specimens are entirely comparable to those found in Trinidad (figs. 1-4, Pl. 11) and in Florida (Cole, 19600, pl. 10, figs. 8-10; pl. 11, figs. 1, 9, 10). Helicostegina polygyralis at its type locality in Ecuador was associated with Asterocyclina asterisca (Guppy), Camerina flori- LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 43 densis (Heilprin) (= Operculina ocalana Cishman) and Poly- lepidina sp. (Barker, 1932, p. 305). Vaughan (in Sheppard, 1937, p. 155) stated that the specimen identified by Barker as Polylepidina (1932, pl. 22, fig. 3) may be Hehcolepidina. Vaughan seemingly was correct, and this specimen may be Helicolepidina spiralis Yobler. Vaughan and Barker placed this fauna in the upper Eocene. Later, Barker and Grimsdale (1936, p. 244) assigned H. poly- gyralis (Barker) to the lower middle Eocene, and on the same chart showed Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale [= Helicostegina polygyralis (Barker) ] in the upper Eocene. Heli- costegina soldadensis Grimsdale [= Helicostegina polygyralis ( Bar- ker) ] was described from the upper Eocene of Trinidad. Cole (1945, p. 47) and Cole and Applin (1961, p. 132) reported Helicostegina polygyralis from wells in Florida and Georgia in as- sociation with Foraminifera diagnostic of the Ocala limestone (upper Eocene). Barker (1932, p. 305) was correct in his original assignment of Helicostegina polygyralis to the upper Eocene, and Barker and Grimsdale (1936, p. 244) were not correct when they described Mexican specimens as Helicolepidina paucispira and assigned /Teli- colepidina (= Helicostegina) polygyralis to the lower middle Eo- cene. Hanzawa (1962, p. 143, 144) retained Helicostegina soldadensis Grimsdale, Helicolepidina polygyralis Barker, and Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale as valid species in the genera to which they were assigned originally. He failed to recognize that the internal structure in these supposed species is the same, there- fore, they must be representatives of a single species. Moreover, he (Hanzawa, 1962, p. 144) stated that “Helicole- pidina paucispira is barely distinguishable from Eulinderina guaya- balensis .. .’ Cole (1960, p. 60) demonstrated conclusively that Eulinderina was a synonym of Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina). Even the most uncritical inspection of preparations of Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) and Helicostegina will convince one that the internal structures are entirely different (compare fig. 1, Pl. 6, Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) with figs. 5-8, Pl. 11, Helicostegina), especially if the construction of the entire test is evaluated. Helicostegina poly- 44 Butvetin 205 gyralis has a test which is constructed so that it is entirely similar to Helicostegina dimorphora Barker and Grimsdale, the type of Heli- costeginda. LITERATURE CITED Barker, R. W. 1932. Larger Foraminifera from the Eocene of Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador. Geol. Mag., v. 69, No. 817, p. 302-310, pls. 21, 22, 4 text figs. 1936. Micropaleontology in Mexico with special reference to the Tampi- co Embayment. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., v. 20, No. 4, p. 433-456, 2 figs. Ae (CRD eect Best an and Grimsdale, T. F. 1936. A contribution to the phylogeny of the orbitoidal Foraminifera with descriptions of new forms from the Eocene of Mexico. Jour. Paleont., v. 10, No. 4, p. 231-247, pls. 30-38, 4 text figs. Bolli, H. M. 1957. Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene Navet and San Fernando formations of Trinidad, B. W. I. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 215, p. 155-172, pls. 35-39, text figs. 25, 26. Bourcart, J. and David, E. 1933. Etude stratigraphique et paleontologique des grés a Foraminifera d’Ouezzan au Maroc. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc., Mém., v. 37, p. 1-62, 14 pls., 1 table, 6 text figs. Bronnimann, P. 1940. Uber die tertidren Orbitoididen und die Miogypsiniden von Nord- west-Marokko. Schweiz. Palaeont. Abhand., v. 63, p. 1-113, 11 pls., 37 text figs. Chatterji, A. K. 1961. The occurrence of Lepidocyclina in India. Micropaleont., y. 7, No. 4, p. 421-434, 4 pls. Cole, W. S. 1927. A foraminiferal fauna from the Guayabal formation in Mexico. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 14, No. 51, p. 1-46, 5 pls. 1934. Oligocene orbitoids from near Duncan Church, tetas County, Florida. Jour. Paleont., vy. 8, No. 1, p. 21-28, pls. 3-4 1942. Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of ‘wells in Worida ON. 2. Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 20, p. 1-89, 16 pls., 4 text figs. 1944. Stratigraphic and ilcomiolagne aelies of avells in Florida—No. 3. Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 26, p. 1-168, 29 pls., 5 text figs. 1945. Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells in Florida—No 4. Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 28, p. 1-160, 22 pls. 1949. Upper Eocene larger Foraminifera from the Panama Canal Zone. Jour. Paleont., v. 23, No. 3, p. 267-275, pls. 52-55. 1952. Eocene and Oligocene larger Foraminifera from the Panama Canal Zone and vicinity. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 244, p. 1-41, 28 pls., 2 text figs (1953). 1956. Jamaican larger Foraminifera. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 36, No. 158, p. 205-233, pls. 24-31. 1957. Variation in American Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina. Bull. Amer. Paleont., 38, No. 166, p. 31-51, pls. 1-6. 1958a. Larger Pune ieee from Carriacou, British West Indies. Bull. Amer. Paleont, v. 38, No. 171, p. 2192232) pls. 26229) 1958b. 1958c. 1959. 1960a. 19606. 1961a. 19610. 1961c. . Some smaller Foraminifera from the Meson formation of Mexico. LarRGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 45 Names of and variation in certain American larger Foraminifera, particularly the camerinids—No. 2. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vy. 38, No. 173, p. 261-284, pls. 32-34. Names of and variation in certain American larger Foraminifera, particularly the discocyclinids—No. 3. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vy. 38, No. 176, p. 411-429, pls. 50-53. Names of and variation in certain Indo-Pacific camerinids. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 39, No. 181, p. 349-371, pls. 28-31. Variability in embryonic chambers of Lepidocyclina. Micropaleont., v. 6, No. 2, p. 133-140, 4 pls. Revision of Helicostegina, Helicolepidina and Lepidocyclina (Poly- lepidina). Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 11, Pt. 2, p. 57-63, pls. 10-13. Some nomenclatural and stratigraphic problems involving larger Foraminifera. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 12, Pt. 4, p. 136-147, pls. 8-17. Names of and variation in certain Indo-Pacific camerinids—No. 2. A reply. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 43, No. 195, p. 111-128, pls. 14-16. An analysis of certain taxonomic problems in the larger Forami- nifera. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 43, No. 197, p. 373-407, pls. 28-39. .Embryonic chambers and the subgenera of Lepidocyclina. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 44, No. 200, p. 29-60, "pls. 4-8. .Periembryonic chambers in Helicolepidina. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 8, Pt. 4, p. 145-151, pls. 23-27. des ii , and Applin, E. R. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution of larger Foraminifera occurring in a well in Coffee County, Georgia. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 12, pt. 4, p. 127-135, pls. 6, 7. ote ea , and Bridge, J. Geology and larger Foraminifera of Saipan Island. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 253, p. 1-45, 15 pls, 5 tables. BE lh , and Gillespie, Ruth Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 15, No. 57b, p. 125-137, pls. 18-21. tga , and Ponton, G. M. New species of Fabularia, Asterocyclina, and Lepidocyclina from the Florida Eocene. Amer. Midland Nat., v. 15, No. 2, p. 138-147, pls. 1, 2. Phas cis Todd, R., and Johnson, C. G. Conflicting age determinations suggested by Foraminifera on Yap, Caroline Islands. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vy. 41, No. 186, p. 77-112, pls. 11-13. Cushman, J. A. 1918. Douvillé, H 1915. 1917. The larger fossil Foraminifera of the Panama Canal Zone. U.S Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 89-102, pls. 34-45. Les orbitoides du Danien et du Tertiare: Orthophragmina et Lepidocyclina: Acad. Sci., C. R., Paris, v. 161, p. 721-728, text figs. 21-34. Les orbitoides de Vile la Trinité: Acad. Sci.. C. R., Paris, v. 164, p. 841-847, 6 text figs. Eames, F. E., Banner, F. T., Blow, W. H., and Clarke, W. J. 1962a. Fundamentals of mid-Tertiary ‘stratigraphical correlation. Cam- 1962b. bridge Univ. Press, p. 1-163, 17 pls., 20 text figs. 2 RE , and Smout, A. H. Morphology, taxonomy, cia Spe tac eels occurrence of the Lepi- docyclininae. Micropaleont., v. 8, No. 3, p. 289-321, 8 pls., 5 text figs. 46 Bu vetin 205 Galloway, J. J. 1928. Notes on the genus Polylepidina and a new species. Jour. Paleont., v. 1, No. 4, p. 299-303, pl. 51, 3 text figs. Gravell, D. W. 1933. Tertiary larger Foraminifera of Venezuela. Smithsonian Miscell. Coll., v. 89, No. 11, p. 1-44, 6 pls. Grimsdale, T. F. 1959. Evolution in the American Lepidocyclinidae (Cainozoic Foramt- nifera): an interim review. I-IT. Konink]. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. —Amsterdam, Proc., ser. B, v. 62, No. 1, p. 8-33, 2 text figs. Hanzawa, S. 1962. Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary three-layered larger Foraminifera and their allied forms. Micropaleont., v. 8, No. 2, p. 129-178, 8 pls., 1 chart. Hodson, Helen K. 1926. Foraminifera from Venezuela and Trinidad. Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 12, No. 47, p. 4-46, pls. 1-8. Kugler, H. G. 1938. The Eocene of the Soldado Rock near Trinidad. Bol. Geol. Mineria, v. 2, Nos. 2-4, p. 1-24, map. geol. sect., 3 text figs. Ladd, H. S. 1934. Geology of Vitilevu, Fiji. Bernice P. Bishop Mus., Bull. 119, p. 1-263, 44 pls., 11 text figs. Myers, E. H. 1943. Biology, ecology, and morphogenesis of a pelagic foraminifer. Stanford Uniy. Publ., Biol. ser., v. 9, No. 1, p. 1-30, 4 pls. Muir, J. M. 1936. Geology of the Tampico region, Mexico. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 280 p., 15 pls., 40 text figs., maps. Nuttall, W. L. F. 1928. Tertiary Foraminifera from the Naparima region of Trinidad (British West Indies). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. v. 84, Pt. 1, p. 57-115, pls. 3-8, 13 text figs., 2 tables. Raadshooven, B. van 1951. On some Paleocene and Eocene larger Foraminifera of western Venezuela. Third World Petrol. Congress Proc., Section 1 (Geol. and Geophysics), p. 476-489, 3 pls., text figs., map. Sheppard, G. 1937. The geology of south-western Ecuador. Yhomas Murby & Co., London, p. 1-275, numerous pls., maps, and diagrams. Stainforth, R. M. 1948. Applied micropaleontology in coastal Ecuador. Jour. Paleont., vy. 22, No. 2, p. 113-151, pls. 24-26, 1 text fig. 1955. Ages of Tertiary formations in northwest Peru. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., v. 39, p. 2068-2076. Vaughan, T. W. 1924. American and European Tertiary larger Foraminifera. Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull., v. 35, p. 785-822, pls. 30-36, 6 text figs. 1926. Species of Lepidocyclina and Carpenteria from the Cayman Islands and their geological significance. Quart Jour., Geol. Soc. London, v. 82, p. 388-400, pls. 24-26. 1927. Large Foraminifera of the genus Lepidocyclina related to Lepido- cyclina mantelli. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., v. 71, Art. 8, p. 1-5, pls. 1-4. 1929. Studies of orbitoidal Foraminifera: the subgenus Polylepidina of Lepidocyclina and Orbitocyclina, a new genus. Nat. Acad. Sci., Proc., v. 15, No. 3, p. 288-295, 1 pl. 1945. 1938. 1941. LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 47 American old and middle Tertiary larger Foraminifera, Pt. 1, American Paleocene and Eocene larger Foraminifera. Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 9, p. 1-175, 46 pls., 11 text figs. Ssoee Ree , and Cole, W. S. Triplalepidina veracruziana, a new genus and species of orbitoidal Foraminifera from the Eocene of Mexico. Jour. Paleont., v. 12, No. 2, p. 167-169, pl. 27. Preliminary report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary larger Forami- nifera of Trinidad, British West Indies. Geol. Soc. Amer., Sp. Paper 30, p. 1-137, 46 pls., 2 text figs. Vlerk, I. M. van der 1961. Lepidocyclina radiata (K. Martin), 1880. Koninkl. Neder]. Akad. Wetensch., Amsterdam, Proc., ser. B, v. 64, No. 5, p. 620-626, 4 pls. Woodring, W. P. 1957. 1960. Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 306-A, p. 1-145, 23 pls., 4 text figs. Oligocene and Miocene in the Caribbean region. Second Caribbean Geol. Conf., Trans., p. 27-32, 1 text fig. ’ ‘ist oe { ihe ee 50 Figure BuLLeTIN 205 Explanation of Plate 1 Page All the illustrations are the central part of equatorial sections of megalospheric individuals to show the embryonic, peri- embryonic, and equatorial chambers; X 40. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) mantelli (Morton) ........... 19, 38 Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) antillea Cushman ................ 20, 36 Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ariana Cole and Ponton . 20 This specimen was illustrated previously as figure 6 of plate 17, Fla. Geol. Survey Bull. 28, 1945. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douville ........ 14, 21 Note the stolon between the initial and second embryonic chambers, and between the second embryonic chamber and the principal periembryonic chamber on the right side. 1,2. Loc. 17 (Oligocene)— see text for locality descriptions. 3. Loc. 10 (middle Eocene). 4. Loc. 19 (middle Eocene). 5. Loc. 1 (K2854) (upper Eocene). BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VoL. 46 oH set eb Og OR G SFR is ~ SSS Seed a PLATE 1 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 2 eee arate, iae: ee e e,%.@ Otero e.¢ x LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 5] Explanation of Plate 2 Figure Page All] the illustrations are the central part of equatorial sections of megalospheric individuals to show the embryonic, peri- embryonic, and equatorial chambers; X 40. 1-6. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé ._. 21 These sections illustrate the increase in size of the embryonic chambers; the series continues on Plate 3; 2. Note the thin-walled equatorial chambers in the lower part of this specimen in contrast to those nearer the embryonic cham- bers, 1. This specimen is illustrated, X 20, as figure 3, Plate 3. 1-6. Loc. 1 (K2854) (upper Eocene)— see text for locality descriptions. Figure 1-6. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé ae Ee 3.4. BULLETIN 205 Explanation of Plate 3 Parts of equatorial sections, X 40, of megalospheric specimens to show the embryonic, periembryonic, and equatorial chambers; 6. This specimen should be compared with the type illustration of L. bontourana Hodson, 1926, fig. 5, pl. 5. Equatorial section, X 20; compare with L. sub- globosa Nuttall, 1928, fig. 6, pl. 8 (see figure 1, Plate 2, for enlargement). Vertical section, X 20; compare with L. subglobosa Nuttall, 1928, fig. 5, pl. 8. Loc. 2 (K903) (upper Eocene) — see text for locality descriptions. Loc. 3 (Vista Bella) (upper Eocene). Loc. 1 (K2854) (upper Eocene). BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 ee @ e -@ of 7. oe ae * } Y z * RS, 1 we ey as Feoes- f “nee pit ee nf » ‘ 4) 7, BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 4 LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 53 Explanation of Plate 4 Figure Page 1-6. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé LZ 1,2. Parts of the same equatorial section, 1, X 40; 2. X 20, to illustrate unusually large embryonic chambers; this specimen was figured as fig. 6, pl. 2, Cole, 1960a. 3. Part of the equatorial section, figures 1, 2, this plate, X 210, to show the shape and arrangement of the equa- torial chambers; these chambers are filled with calcite. 4. Part of the equatorial section, figure 1, Plate 2 and figure 3, Plate 3, X 210, to show the shape and arrange- ment of equatorial chambers, these chambers are not filled. 5. Part of an equatorial] section, X 40, of a comparison specimen with unusually large embryonic chambers. 6. Part of an equatorial section, X 40,@f specimen with a double set of perfect bilocular embryonic chambers, each of which is small. 1-3,5. Loc. 3 (Vista Bella) (upper Eocene)— see text for locality descriptions. +. Loc. 1 (K2854) (upper Eocene). 6. Loc. 7a (upper Eocene). 54 BuLuLetTin 205 Explanation of Plate 5 Figure All the illustrations are parts of equatorial sections to illus- trate the shape of the equatorial chambers; 1-5, X 210; 6, Xx 40. 1-4. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé ...... 1-4. Equatorial chambers of the specimen illustrated as figure 2, Plate 2; 1, 4, near the embryonic chambers; 2. Toward periphery, but inside of the thin-walled equatorial chambers; 3. Near periphery in the zone of thin-walled chambers. 5. Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) antillea Cushman ................ Equatorial chambers of the specimen illustrated as figure 1, Plate 6 to show the three-fold division of the chamber wall. 6. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ocalana Cushman .......... Equatorial chambers which have the same threefold division of the chamber walls as L. (P.) antillea. 1-4. Loc. 1 (K2854) (upper Eocene) — see text for locality descriptions. 5. Loc. 20 (upper middle Eocene). 6. Loc. 16 (upper Eocene, Ocala limestone). Page BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 5 PLATE 6 : BuLuL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 C Rea JAY") 1 bod ! ha LarGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 55 Explanation of Plate 6 Figure Page 1. Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) antillea Cushman ....—....~—s 36 Equatorial section, X 40. 2, 4. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé |. 32 Equatorial sections, X 40; 2. Specimen of the kind previously identified as L. peruviana Cushman; 4. Specimen of the kind previously identified as Triplalepidina veracruziana Vaughan and Cole; a topotype. 3. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) proteiformis Vaughan 10, 34 Equatorial section, X 40. 1. Loc. 20 (upper middle Eocene)— see text for locality descriptions. 2. Loc. 24 (upper Eocene). 3. Loc. 11 (upper middle Eocene; Guayabal formation). 4. Loc. 12a (upper Eocene). 56 BuLLETIN 205 Explanation of Plate 7 Figure Page 1-4. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) zaragosensis (Vaughan) shee neciides hp eee 15 Four specimens with multiple sets of embryonic chambers, X 40, photographed by reflected light; 1. Three sets in a line; 2, 3, several sets grouped roughly in a circle; note the tendency of the initial chamber of each set to occur in a peripheral position; 4. Several sets grouped together with one set on the left excluded from the group. 5, 6. Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) antillea Cushman ................ 20, 36 Enlargements, X 210, of periembryonic chambers to show the apertures with anteriorly directed inner lips; 5. From the specimen illustrated as figure 9, plate 27, Cole, 1956; 6. From the specimen illustrated as figure 5, plate 13, Cole, 19605. 1-4. Loc. 21—see text for locality descriptions. 5 ILOG, ZA 6. Loc. 10 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 7 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 8 | sg JARRE gt ® Qe Ne, nf ‘ how Y » Pa a Figure ees LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE Explanation of Plate 8 All the illustrations are the central part of equatorial sections of megalospheric individuals to show the embryonic cham- bers; 1, 2, X 20; 3-5, X 40. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman 1. Section so oriented that the embryonic chambers appear to be “nephrolepidine” with the second chamber only par- tially embracing the initial chamber; at one stage in the preparation of this section the embryonic chambers had the same relationship as those of figure 2 of this plate. 2. Section so oriented that the initial chamber is surrounded completely by the second chamber except at the common boundary of the two chambers. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douvillé Specimen with large, thin-walled “nephrolepidine’’ embryonic chambers; compare with figure 8, plate 10, Cole, 1952. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) ephippioides Jones and (Gen TM TN eee re ithe UAL ee mules le A ULM ean ete Le AN Two specimens whose embryonic chambers should be com- pared with those of figure 2, this plate. 1,2. Loc. 13 (Oligocene; Meson formation)— see text for locality descriptions. 3. Loc. 23 (upper Eocene). +. Loc. 25 (Tertiary e; lower Miocene). 5. Loc. 26 (Tertiary ¢; lower Miocene). Page 58 BuLvetiIn 205 Explanation of Plate 9 Figure Page Al] the illustrations are the central part of equatorial sections of megalospheric individuals to show the arrangement of the embryonic chambers; X 40. 1-3. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. DOUVIiIlG, oe ooh dese aes savasivtidelssiel beh ee 38 The embryonic chambers vary from the specimen with the initial chamber slightly embraced by the second chamber (fig. 2 = nephrolepidine) to the one (fig. 3) in which the initial chamber is completely embraced by the second chamber except at the common boundary through figure 1 which shows an intermediate pattern. 4, 5. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) ephippioides Jones and Chapman: ) ie eves de eee 38 4. A specimen in which the common boundary between the initial and second chamber is short. 5. A specimen with embryonic chambers similar to those in figure 3, this plate. 1-3. Loc. 23 (upper Eocene )— see text for locality descriptions. 4. Loc. 26 (Tertiary e, lower Miocene). 5. Loc. 25 (Tertiary e, lower Miocene). BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 9 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 10 Tos LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE Explanation of Plate 10 Figure All sections are vertical sections. 1-4, 9-12. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé 1-4. To illustrate the arrangement of lateral chambers and cross-section shape of the test. 1-3, X 20; 4, X 40; additional vertical sections from this locality are illustrated as figures 1-6, plate 26, Vaughan and Cole, 1941. 9,12. To show the equatorial layer separated into two parts by a median layer of shell material in the peripher- al zone; 9, X 40; 12, X 20; in specimens previously identified as L. peruviana. 10, 11. Specimens previously identified as Triplalepidina ver- acruziana Vaughan and Cole, X 20; 11, a topotype. 7 5-8. Helicostegina polygyralis (Barker) 2.0.0.0... To illustrate the initial trochoid spire, the pillars and the thickness of the wall of the chambers, X 40. 13. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. DD uv ersoere erences Noe me eta le Koei ie ene, Ae Nn ee Ee To show embryonic and lateral chambers, X 20. 1-4. Loc. 1 (K2854) (upper Eocene )— see text for locality descriptions. 5. Loc. 23a (upper Eocene). 6-8. Loc. 7a (upper Eocene). 9,12. Loc. 24 (upper Eocene). 10. Loc. 12 (upper Eocene). 11. Loc. 12a (upper Eocene). 13. Loc. 23 (upper Eocene). Page 21, 32 60 ButvetTin 205 Explanation of Plate 11 Figure 1-9. Helicostegina polygyralis (Barker) 0. 1,2. Vertical sections, 1, X 40; 2, X 20, of microspheric indi- viduals. 3,4. Equatorial sections, X 40, of microspheric individuals. 5-8. Equatorial sections, X 40, of megalospheric individuals to show the varying lengths of the spiral coil which in part is controlled by the position of the section. 9. Vertical section, X 40. 1-4, 6-9. Loc. 7a (upper Eocene)— see text for locality descriptions. 5. Loc. 23a (upper Eocene). BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 11 PLATE 12 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 LARGER FORAMINIFERA: COLE 61 Explanation of Plate 12 Figure Plate 1, 2, 3. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ocalana Cushman _. 18, 37 1. Part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a megalospheric individual with bilocular embryonic chambers. 2. Part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a megalospheric individual with multilocular embryonic chambers. 3. Part of the equatorial layer, X 80, to show the pectina- tions which develop on the distal side of the wall of the equatorial chambers; see also figure 1, Plate 13. 4. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman ............... 38 Part of the equatorial layer, X 80, to show the pectinations which develop on the distal side of the wall of the equa- torial chambers; see also figure 5, Plate 13. 5. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) mantel (Morton) ............ 38 Part of the equatorial layer, X 80, to show pectinations which are similar to those of L. (F.) undosa; see also figure 2, Plate 13. 1,2. Loc. 15 (upper Eocene; Ocala limestone )— see text for locality descriptions. 3. Loc. 14 (upper Eocene; Ocala limestone) 4,5. Loc. 18 (Oligocene; Suwannee limestone) 62 Figure 1,3; 6: BULLETIN 205 Explanation of Plate 13 Page Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ocalana Cushman .............. 37, 38 Parts of vertical sections, X 40, of microspheric specimens to show the pectinations which develop on the distal side of the walls of the equatorial chambers and complexity of the equatorial chambers at the periphery of the test; for enlargement of part of figure 1, see figure 3, Plate 12. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) mantelli (Morton) ............ 38 Part of a vertical section, X 40, of a megalospheric indi- vidual to show the pectinations on the distal side of the walls of the equatorial chambers; for enlargement, see figure 5, Plate 12. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) gubernacula Cole ............. 10, 38 Part of a vertical section, X 40, of a megalospheric indi- vidual to show stolons and the complexity of the peripheral equatorial chambers. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman .................. 38, 39 Part of a vertical section, KX 40, of a megalospheric indi- vidual to show pectinations which are similar to those found in L. mantelli; for enlargement, see figure 4, Plate 12. 1,3, 6. Loc. 14 (upper Eocene; Ocala limestone) — see text for locality descriptions. 4. Loc. 9 (upper Eocene). 2,5. Loc. 18 (Oligocene; Suwannee limestone) BuLu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 123 I. oad i el if Pie's : M. Vif Cay Ga BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 14 | F=2, A We aN MR . 49 } if } p f is hy RAN Gs eS, Pd ae Larcer FORAMINIFERA: COLE 63 Explanation of Plate 14 Figure Page 1-5. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pustulosa H. Douvillé 32 1, 5. Parts of equatorial sections, KX 40, of specimens pre- viously identified as Triplalepidina veracruziana Vaughan and Cole. 2-4. Vertical sections; 2, X 20; 3, 4, X 40; of specimens pre- viously identified as Triplalepidina veracruziana Vaughan and Cole; 3, enlargement of the right side of the specimen illustrated as figure 2; note the threefold division of the equatorial layer in the pe- ripheral zone of each of these specimens. 6. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) radiata (Martin) Part of an equatorial section, X 40, to show trilocular em- bryonic chambers and the elongate hexagonal equatorial chambers. ’ 1-5. Loc. 12 (upper Eocene )— see text for locality descriptions. 6. Loc. 27 (Miocene). ee et ) em (NOS, 129-188). 294 pp., 39 DIB. ..cee-ceecccussoecsenssturssecenerennes 10.00 Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams, and Mytilarca. XXXITT, (Nos, 184-189). 448 pp., 51 DlS.i.eeeecicce eet tceseeeeeeceeseeeee 12.00 Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Weuadoran stratigraphy and paleontology. XXXIV. 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For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place F Ithaca, New York a UIS.A.”, Kha | BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY (Founded 1895) NEW LINUPARID CRUSTACEANS FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF TEXAS By EDWARD DAVIDSON Cornell University February 15, 1963 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: GS 63-302 MUS. COMP. Z80L LIBRARY Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page Beat 102 EE Sere on eldest el cas ediyeatciinasiedeassesteanst wnterestanawere tite sessenotedoaes . 69 Introduction ag a ee PAM ee ae 69 EMM IMONW CUO 11l CLUES MMMM MNT FRE ts nila. Thin a veasay oy! Gaheor east ase UeNenn tae en oducsu ae cteesdeleseCeuls 69 SHVSUSMAATE GIGEMESTONI Sacahacosceeireretce eon RRERE EMR ee OSH oR ee aaa en ee 69 LE MDONDOPDS. - cixinasenles CALORIE MGT EEE ER RSE eT Ce aE Ce ee EE 69 LIDOPRETLS. HEP REEIA LG Sy RUGS) acta Ce eon Pao ee 70 [LEPOGDE OS» Dy. SIDS, cise sae aeoaSS RECREATES ee Ree EEE ee WS EMHOIMOSA/SVINY ..acossebsousdaneme sd apace sae aaa ee UE SS EE te ce 74 Wee NEW LINUPARID CRUSTACEANS FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF TEXAS EDWARD DAVIDSON Cornell University, Ithaca, New York ABSTRACT Two species of the crustacean genus Linuwparus, one of which is a new species, are described from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas. INTRODUCTION In his description of macrurous decopods Stenzel (1952) records unidentified palinurid fragments from Woodbine formation. Decapods have been found by the author at two localities near Arlington, Tarrant County, Texas. More than 30 specimens representing a new species were collected from the Tarrant formation (variously assigned to the upper-most Woodbine by Stephenson, 1952; and to the basalmost Eagleford by More- man, 1942) in a road cut on Highway 360 two miles south of the inter- section of Highway 360 with Highway 183 in Tarrant County, Texas. A like number of specimens representing another species were collected from the Dexter member of the Woodbine formation (Stephenson, 1952) at a locality on Rush Creek five miles southwest of Arlington, Texas. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank Dr. C. L. McNulty of Arlington State College for his help and advice in this study, for without his co-operation, completion of this work would not have been possible. The author also wishes to thank Mrs. Geraldine Kienzlen of Dallas, Texas, for graciously loaning from her private collection many of the specimens used in this study. The author expresses his gratitude to Dr. J. W. Wells of Cornell University for his help in preparation of this paper. SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION Family PALINURIDAE Genus LINUPARUS Gray, in White, 1847 The name Linuparus was used by Gray in manuscript for De Hann’s Palinurus trigonus, a Recent form from Japan, and was first published by White (1847) in a list of the Crustacea at the British Museum (Natural History). Fossil forms were assigned to other genera: Podocratus Geinitz, 1850, Becks zz Schluter, 1862; Thenops Bell, 1857. In 1897 A. E. Ortmann recognized the relation of these fossil forms to Linwparus. Between 1898 and 1935 both Linwparus and Podocratus were applied to fossils of this genus. Beginning with Rathbun’s (1935) acceptance of 70 BULLETIN 206 Linuparus, and following Mertin’s (1941) monographic treatment of the genus, Linuparus has been accepted as the proper name. The genus Linuparus is characterized by a tricarinate carapace bearing numerous spines and tubercles. The rostrum is absent in Lynuparus and in its place are two large supraorbital spines which are typically flattened and triangular in shape. The carapace is divided into an anterior cephalic portion and a posterior thoracic portion by a deep transverse cervical groove. The antennae are greatly extended and carry long flagellae which have longitudinal furrows on both the top and the bottom. The tricarinate appearance of the carapace is carried on into the abdomen, where there are three carinae on each segment. Mertin (1941) recognized four subgenera, but because the species described in this paper have characters common to more than one of the subgenera, they are of doubtful value. Linuparus tarrantensis, n. sp. Pl. 15, figs. 1-4 Description.—The carapace is rectangular, tricarinate, flattened dor- sally, slightly granular with a few small spines, transversely divided by a broadly U-shaped cervical groove. This deep groove divides the carapace into equal cephalic and thoracic portions. The cephalic portion bears three carinae and several large spines. On the anterior margin are two large, centrally located, semitriangular, orbital spines, slightly rounded dorsally and projecting anteriorly beyond the anterior margin and partially covering the eyes. There are a few small granules on the dorsal surface of these orbital spines. The rostrum is lacking, as is characteristic of the genus, and the margin between the orbital spines is concave and gently rounded. The area between the orbital spines is nongranular and depressed. Directly behind and slightly lateral to the orbital spines are two long, recumbent, granular, postorbital spines directed anteriorly. Behind each postorbital spine is a smooth, irregular circular, nongranular, depressed area bordered by two carinae. Along the mid-line is the median carina, extending from the cervical groove to the depression between the orbital spines. Anteriorly the median carina passes into a line of granules which grade posteriorly into _ an elongate cluster of pitted granules. Posterior to the cluster of granules and separated from them by a slight saddle, the median carina bifurcates and forms two arcuate, granular ridges which enclose an oval, depressed area. The two arcuate ridges nearly rejoin on the median line at the cervical groove. The depressed area posterior to each of the postorbital spines is bounded laterally by a lateral carina. The lateral carinae begin at the TEXAS CRETACEOUS LINUPARID: DAVIDSON Hs cetvical groove and curve slightly inward to terminate directly behind the eyes. The posterior halves of the carinae consist of a high, longitudinally arched, granule-covered ridge. Anteriorly the lateral carinae taper off to three or four, large, pitted granules and a slight ridge which extends almost to the eye. Lateral and parallel to the lateral carinae is a long, nongranular furrow. Outside of this furrow, the lateral margin of the cephalic portion carries granule-covered carinae which begin posteriorly at the end of the cervical groove and curve outward to form bulges on the carapace and then back inward to terminate in large antero-lateral spines. The spines are rounded, sharply pointed terminally, extending anteriorly beyond the margin about the same distance as the orbital spines. Between the orbital and antero-lateral spines is a long, concave, flattened area that lies directly above the base of the antennae. With the exception of the nongranular areas mentioned earlier, the space between the carinae on the cephalic por- tion is relatively smooth with only a few, widely spaced, small granules. The thoracic portion of the carapace is much more distinctly tricarinate than the cephalic portion. It bears a large median carina which is covered with numerous granules and in most specimens terminates anteriorly at the cervical groove in a large tubercle. Between this median carina and the lateral carinae the carapace is relatively flat and bears numerous small granules. The lateral carinae are higher and sharper than median carina. At their anterior end they curve slightly inward and bear a cluster of granules. They terminate at the cervical groove directly behind the lateral carinae of the cephalic portion. Lateral to the thoracic lateral carinae the carapace drops almost vertically, and on the antero-lateral area of the thoracic portion of the carapace is a large, oval, granule covered pro- tuberance extending for a short distance anteriorly beneath the lateral margin of the cephalic half of the carapace. The most posterior area of the thoracic portion bears a deep arcuate groove which ends directly behind the posterior limit of the lateral carinae. It curves inward and cuts off a portion of the granular median carina. The sternum is elongate and triangular. Only the second through the fifth segments are present. The segments are divided by grooves, extending on either side from the margin toward the center. The lateral edges of each segment are turned upward and are tuberculate. The second segment 1s V-shaped with the sides rising sharply from the center. The upward-turned lateral margins bear a cluster of small tubercles. The third segment is broadly U-shaped with a wide flattened area in the center. The V2 BULLETIN 206 margins of this segment also carry a cluster of small tubercles. The fourth segment bears a rounded knob on each side of the center and a small depres- sion in the center. The margins of the fourth segment are tuberculate, and a posterior projection of the margin consists of several small rearward projecting spines. The fifth segment is narrow, and the margins fit in beneath the projection from the posterior margin of the fourth segment. The margins of the fifth segment are turned upward and are slightly pointed and carry two small spines. The center of the fifth segment carries two, large, round, pointed knobs, each of which has two small spines pro- jecting from the top. To the naked eye the entire sternum appears smooth, but it has many small pits scattered over it. The abdomen bears three prominent carinae, one median and two lateral. The carinae are directly posterior to the carinae of the carapace. The segments of the abdomen are arched transversely and slope away from the median carinae like a roof. On the first segment both the lateral and median carinae are high, sharp ridges bearing a single row of granules. There is a distinct cross furrow directly anterior to the posterior margin. Another furrow extends from the posterior end of each lateral carina obliquely inward and forward to the anterior margin. The lapets join directly at the edge of the lateral carinae. They are rectangular and the posterior margins bear a row of small granules. With the exception of the furrow areas, the segment is covered with numerous small pits. The second segment is similar to the first except that the median carina is slightly lower, the cross furrow is only faintly visible, and the lapets are much less rectangular. The third segment differs from the second. only in further reduction of the median carina, absence of the cross furrow and reduction of the oblique furrow. The lapets are slightly smaller than those on the second segment. The fourth segment bears a row of small granules for the median carina, and the lateral carinae are much reduced, The lapets are small, and the oblique furrow is only faintly visible. The median carina of the fifth segment consists of two rows of three or four small granules. The lateral carinae are only faint ridges, and the oblique furrow is only faintly visible. The lapets remain small as in the fourth segment. The telson and uropods are obscured or broken away on all specimens, and the ventral surface of the abdomen is not exposed on any specimen. Discussion.—Linu parus tarrantensis is singular in its lack of spinosity and the characteristic shape of its median carina in the gastral region. TEXAS CRETACEOUS LINUPARID: DAVIDSON 73 Other species of Linwparus have a ridge or a line of spines along each side of the gastral region. A bifurcate, granular ridge in the gastral area is found in only one other species, L. klemnfelderi Rathbun, 1931, an Upper Cretaceous species from New York State. However, L. kleinfelderi differs from L, tarrantensis in that the ratio of the length of the cephalic and thoracic portions of the carapace is 1:1.3 in L. klemfelder: while in L. tarrantensis the ratio is 1:1. The lateral thoracic carinae of L. kleinfelderi bear a stout spine at their termination at the cervical groove, a spine not present on L. tarrantensis, which bears at most one larger tubercle. The remainder of the carinae on L. kleinfelderi tend to be more spinose than those on L. farrantensis. The lateral carinae of the abdomen remain strong in L. kleinfelderi, while in L. tarrantensis the lateral carinae of the posterior part of the abdomen are reduced and become only faint ridges. The first abdominal segment of L. kleinfelderi bears a single@large spine, while in L. tarrantensis the first abdominal segment bears a row of granules. At the anterior end of the gastral region L. kleznfelderi bears a spine somewhat larger than the others around it; no such spine is present on L. tarrantensis. Dimensions.—On the specimens studied the carapace length ranged from 1 to 7 cm. The ratio of the length of the cephalic portion of the carapace to the thoracic portion is constant at 1:1. This ratio is based using the anterior end of the orbital spines as the anterior end of the cephalic portion. Material—Hlotype and paratype, U. S. Nat. Mus. Cat., Nos. 132020, SV AOVANG, Horizon of occurrence—In a road cut located on Highway 360 two miles south of its junction with Highway 183, Tarrant Co., Texas, Tarrant formation, Gulf series, Upper Cretaceous. Linuparus, n. sp. Cf. L. kleinfelderi Rathbun, 1931, pp. 161, 162. About 30 specimens of another species of Linuparus were collected by the author at a locality five miles southwest of Arlington, Texas. These specimens represent a large species in which the carapace ranges from 10 cm. to about 15 cm. in length. It is similar to both L. tarrantensis and L. kleinfelder:. It differs from L. tarrantensis in that it is more spinose with a different arrangement of spines on the abdominal segments. It is similar to L. klemmfelderi, but the poor state of preservation and the frag- mentary nature of the specimens does not allow assignation at this time. 74 BULLETIN 206 Material—About 30 specimens in the paleontologic collection at Arlington State College, Arlington, Texas. Horizon of occurrence.—Along the banks of Rush Creek about five miles southwest of Arlington, Tarrant Co., Texas, Dexter member, Wood- bine formation, Gulf series, Upper Cretaceous. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bell, Thomas 1857. A monograph of the fossil malacostracous Crustacea. Pt. 1, Palaeont. Soc., p. 33, pl. viii, figs. 1-8. Geinitz, H. B. 1850. Das Freiburg Quadersandsteingebirge, oder Kreidegebirge in Deutsch- land. P. 96, pl. ii, fig. 6. Mertin, Hans 1941. Decapode Krebse aus dem subhercyer und Branunscheiger Emscher und Untersenon. Nova Acta Leopoldina, N.F., Bd. 10, Nr 68, pp. 214, 215. Moreman, W. L. 1942. Paleontology of the Ea Ford group of north and central Texas. Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, No. 2, p. 194. Ortmann, A. E. 1897. On a new species of the palinurid-genus Linuparus found in the Upper Cretaceous of Dakota. Amer. Jour. Sci., 4th ser. vol. 4, p. 290, figs. 1, 2, 3 Rathbun, Mary J. 1931. A new fossil palinurid from Staten Island. Staten Island Inst. Arts and sci., Proc., vol. 5, pp. 161, 162. 1935. Fossil Crustacea of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Geol. Soc. Amer., Spec. Paper, No. 2, p. 35. Schliiter, C. 1862. Die Macruren Decapoden der Senon-un Cenoman-Bildungen West- phalens. Zeitschr. Deutsche geol. Gesell. vol. XIV, p. 710. Stenzel, H. B. 1952. Decapod crustaceans from the Woodbine formation of Texas. U. S., Geol Sur., (Prof, Paper 242, pp. 212, 2113) PIL 59) tess 304 eG Stephenson, L. W. 1952. Larger Invertebrate fossils of the Woodbine (Cenomanian) of Texas. U.S, Geol. Swe, Biror, ayer 240, joy, 3, 13; White, Adam 1847. List of ... Crustacea in the British Museum. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 70. ——— | 1 Tae oun = r Pipes! i \ ee ' : er f ‘ : 1 i y au ty 1 ' ie , i 1 | ff ni | 1 \ v ' id i el ulna } ; ; t 4 f f Df \ iy nj ii r bees ae . i Mh Aled P Me : (re Th ee: : Pray, ay ' he, / fe Mie) fi i i yh) ii : Z lite Tae fs ~ 1 i ~ 7 2 . ee y 4 ge a = an 4 es) Rig 7 % + ; ‘ eau rs So eee r - 76 BULLETIN 206 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15 Figure Page 1-4. Linuparus tarrantensis Davidson, 1. Sp. -------:.:cceeccesceeseeeseeceteeteeeeseeseeeeeees 1. Holotype, ventral view of the sternum, X 2, USNM, Cat. No. 132020. 2. Dorsal view of a partially coiled abdomen, X 2, from the collec- tion of Mrs. Geraldine Kienzlen, Dallas, Texas. 3. Holotype, dorsal view of the carapace, X 1, USNM, Cat No. 132020. 4. Drawing of holotype carapace, X 1. All illustrated specimens are from the Tarrant formation, Tarrant Co., Texas. Cost of plate defrayed by the William F. E. Gurley Fundation for Paleontology of Cornell University. | . . . | PLATE 1 Buu, AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 ‘ \\ (Nos. 161-164). _ (Nos, 177-183). (Nos. 115-416) s,°738'PP., 52 plse vec scccispeaessreersncseetetarsssesere 18.00 Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. (No, 117). \) 563) pp. OE PIS, ly cee dA pedecasheesgesnpsenagdgraeres 15.00 ackson Eocene mollusks. (Nos.(/118-128).. 458 ppl, 27 pls. os... peels ecapeesaneresseesseseess 12.00 Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and Pennsyl- vanian crinoids, Cypraeidae, Cretaceous, Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil local- ities. (Nos. 129-133). 294 pp., 39 pls... rete rdeetetereeteetbeetstees Silurian cephalopods, crinold studies, Tertiary forams, and Mytilarca. 10.00 (Nos. 134-139). 448 pp., 51 pls. oo. eee center 12.00 Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran stratigraphy aleontology. (Nos. 140-145)... 400 pp., 19 pls. oo. titers eeeeteeeesees 12.00 Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tasmanian Ordovican cephalopods and Tennessee Ordovician ostra- cods and conularid bibliography. (Nos. /146-154).. 386 pp., 31 pls. <2... cet eerie G. D. Harris memorial, camerinid and Georgia Paleocene Foraminifera, South America Paleozoics, Australian Ordo- vician cephalopods, California Pleistocene Eulimide, Vol- utidae, and Devonian ostracods from Iowa. (Nos. 155-160). 412 pp., 53 pls. ..... IPA A eee a 13.50 Globotruncana in Colombia, Eocene fist, Canadian Chazyan fossils, foraminiferal studies. ARG Pp. BT BISLWG.5.nctlyneibesle. ives dane aa-esoobian: 15.00 Antillean Cretaceous Rudists, Canal Zone Foraminifera, Stromatoporoidea. : (Nos) 1652176). > 447-pp,,.93 plated iki. AO LEN. 16.00 Venezuela geology, Oligocene Lepidocyclina, Miocene ostra- ~ cods, and Mississippian of Kentucky, turritellid from Vene- zuela, larger forams, new mollusks, geology of Carriacou, Pennsylvanian plants. AAS pp 36/pls, vex k..ia.0 sie pula hte tee Panama Caribbean mollusks, Venezuelan Tertiary formations and forams, Trinidad Cretaceous forams, American-Eur- opean species, Puerto Rico forams. (No. 184).) 996 pp, 1 pls. ......e cect cnet ctseneetete tere tbebeseneecateenens 20.00 Type and Figured Specimens P.R.I. (Nos: BS192)4 0) BSL Ppa iB Piss ei... ass ecaeogee ect 16.00 Australian Carpoid Echinoderms, Yap forams, Shell Bluff, Ga. forams. Newcomb mollusks, Wisconsin mollusk faunas, Camerina, Va. forams, Corry Sandstone. 12.00 16.00 (No. 193). 673) pp.,)48 Pleo... ediceete steele eee 13.50 Venezuelan Cenozoic gastropods. (Nos. 194-198) 427 pp., 39) pls.».......-0---2.s ey 16.00 Ordovician stromatoporoids, Indo-Pacific camerinids, Missis- sippian forams, Cuban rudists. (Nos. 199-203)... 365 pp,, 68 pls..2..... ek like eee ete tees 16.00 Puerto Rican, Antarctic, New Zealand forams, Lepidocyclina, - Eumalacostraca. PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls. Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids. To be reprinted by Johnson Reprint Co. (Nos./G-12).) 531pp.. OF.DIS. Wo i ne Eh nate 21.00 Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spondyli, Pale- ozic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias and Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida. ONO) 213-25) 02513: pp. GLNpIS. 3)... sol dee ap Res 25.00 Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleozoic siphonophores, Busycon, Devonian fish studies, gastropod studies, Carboniferous crinoids, Cretaceous jellyfish, Platy- strophia, and Venericardia. (Nos. 26-30)... 216 pp., 31 pls... si eee Rudist studies, Busycon, Dalmanellidae, Byssonychia. CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY AND PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA Vols. I-VI. Vi. VII-XV.. XVI. XXVIII. XXVIII. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY See Kraus Reptint (No.°32))6\5730 pps 9ONpIs.: 3..s5).-u. +5 dees ee eee 15.00 Claibornian Eocene scraphopods, Saye and cephalopods. See Kraus Reprint 16 East 46th Street, New York 17, N.Y. (Nos. 59-61). 140 pp., 48 pls. . sabe Sapaae elec eee | IO Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiasy “Mollusca. (Nos.°'62-63) .°. 283 ‘pp., “33: pis...) Nee 11.00 Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos, 64-67)%".286 pp.,\29 plsv ni) ee RY eae 11.00 Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. ONo;-68) 272 pp), 24 pls. 26a Ae ee 10.00 Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. fi ; (Nos. 69-70C).) 266 pp., 26 pls. ....26...co cece cect ect eset 10.00 Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and Chiba (Nos. 21-72). S21 pp. 12 pls.) ee ee es “AL 11Q0 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. (Nos. 73-76). 356: pp., 31 pls. ........... SN ee oe Oy Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera. Ee CNos.\77-99)..:. 251 pps 35\pls NSS 10.00 Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. (Nos, 80-87). 334 PPE 27 pls ee ee 10.50 Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos. 88-94B). > 306° pp., 30 pls. -A.0.c nk se. 10.00 Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks. | (Nos-95-100), °° 420 pp, 58) plss\.c0. No ee ee 11.00 Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Eogene corals, and ' geology and paleontology ‘of Ecuador. (Nos. 101-108). 376 pp., 36 pls. ....... PLN AE a reba 12.00 Tertiary Molusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. : (Nos. 109-114). 412 pp. 54 pls. oo) ier ee i ee 12.00 Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous and - Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams. 4 a BULEE TINS | an es Gs AMERICAN _ PALEONTOLOGY errs j / { a iy Ky ~ ’ H \ a } | y / if j y ra N 4 we : * ; ( * 7] ri { . j 1 i por > A i ? \ \ Dee \ y, ! = i = - ersy i » \' \ Se op 3 ~ as i\ yay ‘ ve wd ae | i bet iy om AG “Ny se Bs Abi ng } 5 i Pee DY 2 i \ 4 x = & 1 ; we) Fi a aN ; NUMBER 207 } < fee Re ; i ‘i / . ait A i ead ry ie ‘i i a m ¥ it a 1963 1 SS) a eo” : See FEN P xX y) rs _PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION SS ITHACA, NEW YORK eA me U.S. A. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1961-62 PRESIDENT 00 ere nN A MDS ees ee ed eee .-JoHN W. WELLS VUCw-PRESIDENT Jo anche: cbecoph did ds Lbaeun ct oloatb laden sbesetSeye costa anegh ASE SAN ROESOM SECRETARY— TREASURER (7.300025 Roy ee .-REBECCA S. HArris DIRECTOR EO Nee ok VSN ie tt ace Re LE KATHERINE V. W. PALMER COUNSEE (en Ne ie Yel ay a 2S eda eee ARMAND L. ADAMS REPRESENTATIVE AAAS COUNCIL uno c.:.ccsccteccocseceentebessoeseaceee _.KENNETH E, CASTER Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1960-1966) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) DonaLp W. FIsHER (1961-1967) - RatpH A. LippLe (1962-1968) Resecca S. Harris (Life) AxeEL A, Oxsson (Life) |, . SoLomon C. HoLisrer (1959-1965) _ NoRMAN E. WEISBORD (1957-1963) Joun W. WELts (1958-64) f BULLETINS OF AMERIGAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. \W.-PALMER, Editor Mrs. Fay Bricos, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E. CASTER Hans Kucuer ~ A. Myra Keen — Jay GLENN MArRKs Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes will be available except vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. For cone Vols. 1-6, 8-16, Bulletins of American Paleontology. see Kraus Reprint Corp., 16 Hast 46th St., New York 17, N.Y., USA Subscription may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $16.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica Amer- icana invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are See e from ‘income’ tax. For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place , Ithaca, New York U.S.A. mies —s oe ey BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY (Founded 1895) Vol. 46 No. 207 RELATIONSHIPS OF A NEW LOWER DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID (BRACHIOPODA) FROM ANTARCTICA By A. J. Boucot, K. E. Caster, Davin IvEs, AND Joun A. TALENT May 17, 1963 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: GS 63-303 Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Page EN OEIIFEUGE cova cot cS PEE aa DROPPED Ree ene OPEN Oe Litas at) SIM CANACOCHING GGELCOT) enue eee eee cee oy ne em eID CN, 0 NUL eed asus fubbenatoevevatdewndetebsdesDedoeredaw | GA Zoogeographic implications of the Horlick Mountains brachiopods 84 Depositional environment of the Horlick Mountains brachiopods . 85 EVO lUELOMmotat men ita thon ella ale) vesccsssuletssssssessreneeecene sees seeee-esueeteesseseceseesseseesreseaceeesese 86 SN SUGMIMAHLCMCIES GhiD tN OMS), S80. .22. Av itee eet cack se ce ole lsue casera edeeccvesdusatanederuonetoendeede 89 (Germs Mer OUI RAN Gly ERIN TKO Gada snceceeeececnee soca ceena-B eos cue ee ee eee cPeeee eee 89 SIDECIOS HAS SIC Citperenerc cheats bree TEL Bens Pe Ryan Ne Wee eee ceese coy, Rose 91 SPE CLES EH ECLE CMMs tite Natta AE ie a Nae eee nav, geet vaccc nap scedoexesee 91 NouipoilagnpQlia,, CipiraCene@ A URNECC|) ” cosees essences eee cee nose ceeeee creed opener 93 NCD AOHOMRONIGL GPEC OST OT) SID WONG cee dncreeces ee eeee nec shene eee ese ee 95 iMlemroubinpellia, pode (MAR) ats tcenecersarsec eased eens reser eo reborn Pee 98 Pleurothyrella venusta, sp. NOV. .~..--.--.--------------- ee anne eee ooo 100 [Puen Qa pirat ROUBGAGL ((SGWWR ENC) cect cete eecee eased ceeds ee 105 Genme iemelaulognrag (Cowal, Ty a cer eee ee 107 Genus Mutationella Koztowski, 1929 109 BOGE CLE TOZUC HL CEERIRS TD aoe ce een etic CLs eentiny Ake aes AIAN A Sean yc see eae 109 MID PORANG POTAMECTESIS, (SIDo One eee aes eee ee ee reece pee 110 Genus Cloudella Boucot and Johnson, nom. noy, ~.....-----.-----2--2..-2-------- 113 Mangal GREG GRBORDs SiD)o NON eee oe eo oe eee ee 113 Genus Scaphiocoelia Whitfield, 1891-2. areas sO rce bl cee erat Aiea 114 Genus Grppiom a Valen TRIE ee Se eee eee 117 GPO AE. De, za et toe eee ea eR ne 117 Gems MRagymomollicn, Vexaquccote, UY) ee a 117 Ontogeny of Reeftonella neozelanica (Allan, 1935)... 117 (GenusmGvob re hiynis (Cloud N94 7 ee eee 119 (GUDID AAT ATG TEU ee MRE a fea es DOI eee ee eee eae ee ee eee 119 Miscellaneous rensselaeroids from South Africa —... See 120 IRIE GING ES Ripper le laid Sabt aL SNES LU se Pad ea eS Se eI coe 121 Appendix. Cloudella, nom. nov. for Pleurothyris Cloud (Terebratuloidea) .. 123 TPUEMARS » coeyugehecteueettel tt ti Speed AI ine a abl ie gO Oe Ra 125 Text Figures 1. Index map of Antarctica showing known Devonian fossil localities ... 8 2. Inferred phylogenetic relationships of the Mutationellinae — 87 3. Serial sections of Pleurothyrella venusta, sp. nov., . . .. Reefton, New ZZeeNlenaal, (Cenaereoniny WVU, IN, 18} SHO ease tte apace gsc spose a 103 RELATIONSHIPS OF A NEW LOWER DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID (BRACHIOPODA) FROM ANTARCTICA A. J. Boucort,! K. E. Caster,? Davin Ives,? anp Joun A. TAvenrT.4 ABSTRACT Brachiopods from strata resting nonconformably upon basement complex of the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica, belong to the new genus Pleurothyrella which also includes terebratuloids from South Africa, Bolivia, and New Zealand. Pleurothyrella is closely related to Cloudella, a genus known from strata of Late Gedinnian and Siegenian age in the Appalachians. Pleurothyrella occurs outside Antarctica with spiriferids in strata correlated with the Lower Emsian. Related to Pleurothyrella are Mutationella (occurring world-wide in strata of Early Gedinnian to Emsian age) and Mendathyris (from Upper Ged- innian strata in the Appalachians). Mutationella is ancestral to Mendathyris, Cloudella, Pleurothyrella, Derbyina, Paranaia, and Scaphiocoelia. The relation- ship of Mendathyris to Mutationella is demonstrated by its ontogeny; early stages are identical to Mutationella, and middle stages are transitional. Middle stages of Cloudella and Pleurothyrella are transitional to Mutationella. Smal! specimens of “Mutationella” occur in South Africa, Bolivia, and New Zealand. Mutationella falklandica (Clarke) occurs in the Falkland Islands as large specimens, showing that Mutationella coexisted with Pleurothyrella in the Southern Hemisphere, although the small specimens of “Mutationella” might be early growth stages of Pleurothyrella. In the Northern Hemisphere after Early Gedinnian time Mutationella occurs in the Old World, and Mutationella, Mendathyris, and Cloudella in the Appalachians. Pleurothyrella may be characteristic of the Malvinokaffric facies. The Antarctic species of Pleuro- thyrella most closely resembles the South African species P. relicta, less closely the South African species P. africana, more distantly the Bolivian P. knodi, and still more remotely the New Zealand species P. venusta. Restudy of the enigmatic Malvinokaffric genus Scaphiocoelia leads to the conclusion, based partly on new material, that it is closely related to Menda- thyris. Analysis of available collections of South African rensselaeroids suggests that a few are globithyrinids, one form not a terebratuloid, and the majority not generically identifiable. An ontogenetic study of the genus Reeftonella reveals its relationships to the cryptonellids rather than the centronellids. INTRODUCTION In 1959 Mr. William E. Long made the initial discovery of marine Lower Devonian fossils in Antarctica (Figure 1), near the South Pole in the Horlick Mountains (Long, 1959). The fossils, which consist chiefly of terebratuloid brachiopods, together with a few pelecypods and a single inarticulate brachiopod, occur in the Horlick formation, made up of sandstone and shale, which rests nonconformably (Long, 1962) upon basement complex. The basal marine Lower Devonian beds are overlain by a Carboniferous (? ) unit, the Buckeye tillite, which also rests elsewhere upon the same ‘Division of Geological Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. "Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. S’Waimate High School, Waimate, South Canterbury, New Zealand. “Geological Survey, Department of Mines, Melbourne, Australia. This article is Contribution No. 26 of the Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. 82 BuLLETIN 207 . Re ee | a» ° x a oe 708 fh Py \ 4 Olees x - nS Gi \ / Peg wn \ \ / > GUEEN May p SY \ N é ( = v ( ay \ \ F eo ) o i . ( S - . i PALMER 8 PENINSULA st o SOUTH | POLE / : ‘i MT GLOSS\OPTERIS. 4. &. \ Fr Fig. 1—Index map of Antarctica showing known Devonian fossil localities. pre-Devonian basement complex. Fish scales of Late Devonian age are reported from the lower part of the Beacon sandstone (Wood- ward, 1921) of Granite Harbor, Antarctica, these being the only other fossils assigned to the Devonian of the continent. The Paleozoic in the Horlick Mountains, which rests on basement complex and with Lower Devonian fossils at its base, is reminiscent of the similar stratigraphy in South Africa and the Falkland Islands. As the basal marine Lower Devonian faunas in both South Africa and the Falklands belong to the Malvinokaffric Province of the Lower Devonian it was with great interest that the Antarctic fossils were examined to determine their zoogeographic affinities. A number of rensselaeroid brachiopods (terebratuloids bearing radial costellae) have been described previously from the Southern Hemisphere, chiefly from the Malvinokaffric Province, but the monographic work on the Devonian terebratuloids (Cloud, 1942) reveals that the southern shells are all too poorly described to be assigned generically with any degree of assurance. Thus it was ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 83 & found necessary to re-examine as many of the southern rensselaer- oids as possible in order to get a better understanding of the speci- mens from the Horlick Mountains. Caster had providentially made an excellent collection of rensselaeroids from the Bokkeveld beds of South Africa which were available for this study. Caster also had made rubber replicas of the rensselaeroids previously described by Reed and Schwarz from South Africa. Dr. Brian Mason, American Museum of Natural History, New York, presented Boucot with quartzite boulders from the Reefton beds in New Zealand which contained a new rensselaeroid, and Dr. C. A. Fleming, Senior Pale- ontologist, New Zealand Geological Survey, loaned additional speci- mens. Professor Pierre Pruvost of the Sorbonne had loaned Boucot the type specimens of “Rensselaeria’” knodi from Bolivia, and Dr. Winifred Goldring, formerly of the New York State Museum, had made available to Boucot for study the types of “Rensselaeria” falklandica, which are deposited in the New York State Museum, as well as providing photographs. The types of Schwarz’s species “Rens- selaeria” relicta were unfortunately not seen but inspection of the illustrations suggests that the specimens collected by Caster belong to Schwarz’s species. Some of the rensselaeroids figured by Reed from South Africa were studied by Boucot during a visit to the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge, but proved to be too poorly pre- served to add anything of value to the problem. In addition, a series of rensselaeroids belonging to the same subfamily as the southern specimens was available from collections made by Boucot and his students in the northern Appalachians. Rensselaeroids related to the southern forms are unknown in the Northern Hemisphere ex- cept in the Appalachians. It should be of some interest to the reader to learn that Boucot and Talent independently arrived at the con- clusion that the undescribed rensselaeroids from Reefton belonged to a new genus and species. Boucot was working with casts and molds from quartzite collected by Mason and Fleming, whereas Talent was working with calcareous siltstone in which the shell is preserved, collected by Ives. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. Fleming for informing Boucot and Talent that they were independently working on the same problems, thus giving them an opportunity to collabo- rate. 84 BULLETIN 207 We acknowledge with pleasure our indebtedness to Professor R. S. Allan, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, for the encouragement and critical reading of the part of the paper dealing with P. venusta. Finally, we are grateful to Dr. J. Wyatt Durham, Museum of Paleontology, University of California, for the loan of young speci- mens of P. antarctica from the Horlick Mountains. The cost of the collotype plates has been met by grants from the California Institute of Technology, the Institute of Polar Studies, and the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati. Much of the research done by Boucot for inclusion in this paper was supported by NSF Grant No. G-21983. This report is also noted as Contribution No. 26 of the Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. ZOOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE HORLICK MOUNTAINS BRACHIOPODS The terebratuloids from the Horlick Mountains belong to a previously undescribed genus, here named Pleurothyrella which bears close relationship to the Appalachian genus Cloudella. Pleurothyrella is known from two other widely separated areas within the Malvinokaffric Province, as well as from New Zealand. The species from New Zealand is distinct from the other three, which form a relatively compact group, yet is similar enough to be included within the new genus. Of the strongly costellate genera belonging to the Mutation- ellinae, to which subfamily Plewrothyrella belongs, the ancestral genus Mutationella alone appears in the Northern Hemisphere, except for the northern Appalachians where Cloudella and Mendathyris occur. Mutationella in the Northern Hemisphere has a stratigraphic range of Lower Gedinnian (Boucot, 1960, p. 319) to Emsian (Muta- tionella guerangert) in the Old World and Siegenian in the New World (Mutationella parlinensis and M.? circularis). In the South- ern Hemisphere Mutationella is known with certainty only from the Falkland Islands (MM. falklandica) and from the Baton River beds of New Zealand (M. sp. = Trigeria sp. of Shirley, 1938, p. 475). The strata in the Falkland Islands are probably of Early Emsian age, - ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucort, et al. 85 as indicated by the presence of Acrospirifer antarcticus which indi- cates the zone of Acrospirifer hercyniae. The age of the Baton River beds has been concluded by Shirley (o0?. cit., p. 489) to be “probably Upper Siegenian or Lower Coblenzian,” but recent studies by Boucot suggest that an Upper Gedinnian assignment is more likely. Thanks to the cooperation of Professor A. R. Lillie, Auckland, a large col- lection of material was obtained by Boucot which yielded the follow- ing brachiopods in addition to MJutationella: Kozlowskiellina sp., Gypidula sp., Atrypa “reticularis,” aff. Machaeraria sp., “Camaro- toechia” sp., Eospirifer sp., Howellella sp., Meristella? sp., Elytha? sp., ‘Chonetes” sp., Cyrtina sp., Nucleospira sp., Cymostrophia? sp., Leptaentsca sp., aff. Stropheodonta s. s., Mesodouvillina? sp., Fasci- costella sp., Isorthts sp., and Schizophoria sp. The absence of acro- spiriferids in the Baton River fauna, as well, as the abundance of Howellella and a number of Devonian-type genera such as Cyrtina, Fascicostella, and Mutationella, suggests that although the fauna is undoubtedly of Early Devonian age, as earlier concluded by Shirley, an Upper Gedinnian assignment is most likely. DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE HORLICK MOUNTAINS BRACHIOPODS The stratigraphic occurrence of the Horlick Mountains terebra- tuloids at the base of the Horlick formation makes their deposi- tional environment of great interest regionally. The occurrence else- where in the lower part of the Beacon sandstone (Woodward, of. cit.) of Old Red sandstone facies suggests that a nonmarine en- vironment is indicated for the strata lying well above the brachio- pod occurrence, but there can be no doubt that the basal beds are of marine origin. Articulate brachiopods have never been recorded to live in anything but marine waters. There is little likelihood that the Horlick Mountains brachiopods have been reworked into non- marine beds from previously existing marine beds because of the state of their preservation. Plewrothyrella belongs to a group of shells that are easily disarticulated by transporting agencies. As the Horlick Mountains shells are all present in an articulated condition (although it should be noted that some are filled with coarse, clastic particles of gravel size), extensive transportation is clearly 86 BuLLETIN 207 ruled out. Their occurrence in the few feet of the Horlick forma- tion immediately above a great nonconformity suggests that they lived in a shallow-water environment, which was raised above sea- level shortly after the deposition of the basal beds. As for the temperature of the sea in which the basal beds were deposited, little can be said except to infer that it was similar to that prevailing in other parts of the Malvinokaffric environment. Knowledge of Lower Devonian animal geography (Boucot, 1960b ) is still too rudimentary to know if the geographic poles occupied their present position. The limited information available from the known distribution of Lower Devonian brachiopods, however, cer- tainly does not rule out the possibility that the geographic poles were in the same position as today. If such were indeed the case, one would infer that the Malvinokaffric Province, which reaches northward to the vicinity of the equator, might have been relatively temperate.® Reefs, and for that matter, corals, are not present in the Malvinokaffric Province, whereas reefs occur to the north in North Africa, and in Venezuela and Colombia solitary corals are abundant. If the presence of corals and reefs (chiefly stromatoporiod- al in composition) can be taken to indicate warm water, then the Malvinokaffric sea may have been relatively cool. EVOLUTION OF THE MUTATIONELLINAE The subfamily Mutationellinae contains the following genera: Mutationella, Podolella, Derbyina, Paranata, Cloudella, Scaphocoeha. Mendathyris, and Pleurothyrella. The present study reinforces the es- sential unity and close relationship of this group of shells as originally pointed out by Cloud (1942). Since Cloud’s paper was- published additional information has become available on the European occur- rences of Mutationella (Boucot, 1960) which indicates that the genus is widespread in strata of Early Gedinnian age (previous citations of the genus from the Silurian are now known to be ac- tually of Early Gedinnian age) in eastern and western Europe, as well as in strata of Siegenian and Emsian age in the Rhenish facies. All of the genera other than Mutationella make their first appearance in Upper Gedinnian (New Scotland limestone equiva- 5Tillites are reported from the Lower Devonian of South Africa, Piaui and Parana (Brazil), Malvinokaffric realm. K.E.C. ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 87 | Scaphiocoelia | LOWER EMSIAN Pleuroth ies Derb As | soe. | Oa T=? ee a ae SIEGENIAN Mutationella $ sn a ee UPPER 4 ’ Pleurothyris Mendathyris Podolel/a GEDINNIAN ! LOWER | GEDINNIAN | SKALIAN AND | LUDLOVIAN Fig. 2—Inferred phylogenetic relationships of the Mutationellinae. Revise Pleurothyris to read Cloudella, nom. noy. (see Appendix) lents) or younger Lower Devonian beds, where they may occur associated with Mutationella. The ontogenetic series described here for Mendathyris, which is known only from beds of Late Gedinnian age in the northern Appalachians, demonstrates its derivation direct- ly from Mutationella. The similarity of Cloudella to Mutationella was emphasized by Cloud (op. cit., p. 123) who pointed out that the two genera are externally almost identical except for the more strongly incurved beak of the pedicle valve in Cloudella, a more deeply impressed muscle field, and partially obsolescent dental lamellae. Study of small specimens of Cloudella reinforces Cloud’s conclusion. Podolella can be viewed as essentially a Mutationella with radial ornamentation only in the peripheral regions; it differs in this respect from all the other genera in the subfamily, which are invariably strongly ornamented radially. Although the com- plete ontogeny of Cloudella is unknown, it is clear that only the deposition of secondary material in the umbonal cavities and the development of a more deeply impressed muscle field and incurved beak in the pedicle valve are necessary to convert a small muta- tionelliform specimen of the type figured in this paper (PI. 35, fig. 11) into Cloudella. Cloudella is known only from strata of Late Gedinnian (New Scotland) and Siegenian (Becraft-Oriskany ) age in 88 BULLETIN 207 the northern Appalachians. Pleuwrothyrella is essentially a giant Cloudella possessing swollen cardinalia and a small cardinal process (in well-preserved specimens ) in the brachial valve, together with an exceptionally well-impressed muscle field in the pedicle valve. Plewro- thyrella is definitely known only from strata of Early Emsian age in the Southern Hemisphere. Stratigraphically it would be reason- able to derive Pleurothyrella from either Cloudella or Mutation- ella. The known geographic distributions of Cloudella and Pleuro- thyrella are so disjunct that it is tempting to think of their both having been derived independently from Mutationella. The latter genus is world-wide in strata of Early Gedinnian to Early Emsian age, but knowledge of the geographic distribution of the Lower Devonian fauna is still too incomplete for any well-documented con- clusion to be made. The partially known ontogeny of Pleuwrothy- rella from both South Africa and Antarctica supports the derivation from Mutationella. Both Derbyina and Paranaia are known with certainty only from the Amazon Basin in Brazil, where they occur in strata that are probably of Lower Emsian age. The available descriptions of both genera are fragmentary and the illustrations poor, but it is clear that both could easily have been derived from Mutationella. Derbyina, as pointed out by Cloud (op. cit., p. 121), differs from Mutationella only in having a prominent raised median plication on the brachial valve, corresponding groove on the pedicle valve, and smooth umbones. Paranaia is similar to Derbyina, as pointed out by Cloud (op. cit., p. 122), and might in fact be a synonym if adequate material of both were available for study. Scaphtocoela 1s concluded to be a terebratuloid closely related to Mendathyns and differing chiefly in the shape of the valves. ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 89 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Superfamily TEREBRATULACEA Waagen, 1883 Family DIELASMATIDAE Schuchert, 1929 Subfamily MUTATIONELLINAE Cloud, 1942 Genus PLEUROTHYRELLA, gen. nov. Pl. 16, figs. 1-21; Pl. 17, figs. 1-16; Pl. 18, figs. 1-19; Pl. 19, figs. 2-16; Pl. 20, figs. 1-11; Pl. 21, figs. 1, 4-17; Pl. 22, figs. 1-14; Pl. 23, figs. 1-17; Pl. 24, figs. 1-5, 11-15; Pl. 25, figs. 1-7; Pl. 26, figs. 1-11; Pl. 27, figs. 1-10; Pl. 28, figs. 1-13; Pl. 29, figs. 1-11; Pl. 31, figs. 1-2. Type species —Scaphtocoelia? africana Reed, 1906, Geol. Mag., vom mMecade Vv, Pl XVI, figs: 1-3. Diagnosis —Pleurothyrella is characterized by the presence in large specimens of a bulbous, imperforate cardinal plate which may or may not be surmounted by a posteriorly situated cardinal process. Comparison.—Pleurothyrella can be distinguished from the closely related genus Cloudella by the absence in large specimens of a perforate cardinal plate and the occasional presence of a posteriorly situated cardinal process. The cardinal plate of Cloudella, in addi- tion to being perforate, is never swollen. Some species of both genera have anteriorly bifurcating costellae. Pleurothyrella has more deeply impressed musculature in the pedicle valve than Mutationella, as well as a bulbous, imperforate cardinal plate. Mendathyris is distinguished from Pleurothyrella by the presence of a much more laterally elongate interarea in the pedicle valve, of a perforate cardinal plate in the brachial valve, and of well-marked transverse ridges in the adductor field of the brachial valve. Exterior—Adult specimens are of large size for the family as are Cloudella, Mendathyris, and the Siegenian and Emsian species of Mutationella. The valves are unequally biconvex, with the pedicle valve always having a greater degree of convexity than the brachial valve. The pedicle valve may be from one-half to three times as deep as the brachial valve. The position of maximum width is situated in the vicinity of the midlength. The anterior commissure is recti- marginate and crenulate. The anterior and lateral margins are evenly rounded. The cardinal margin is submegathyrid to sub- 90 BULLETIN 207 terebratulid. The beak of the pedicle valve is slightly to strongly incurved. The palintrope may be from one-half to two-thirds the maximum width of the shell. The palintrope may be relatively short or of moderate length. The palintrope of the brachial valve is short, barely distinguishable except in well-preserved specimens. The beak of the brachial valve is slightly incurved into the delthyrium. The delthyrium includes an angle of about 60 to 120 degrees. A gently concave deltidium fills the delthyrium. The deltidium appears to be composed of medially conjunct plates apically perforated by a small foramen, but the preservation of the available specimens pre- cludes certainty on these points. The foramen is probably hypo- thyrid to submesothyrid in position. The ornamentation consists of radiating costellae that increase in size anteriorly and may, in some species, bifurcate. The umbonal regions of both valves may be relatively smooth, possibly due to abrasion, or distinctly costellate. The outlines of the shell may be subcircular or longitudinally elongate. The shell substance is punctate. Interior of brachial valve—The cardinalia in the adult consists of an imperforate, relatively thick to bulbous cardinal plate. Post- eriorly the cardinal plate may bear a small, scoop-shaped cardinal process. In medium-sized specimens the cardinal plate is perforate and does not bear a cardinal process. The dental sockets are laterally directed and flare laterally. The cardinal plate may be either free anteriorly or sessile. The adductor impressions are deeply excavated posteriorly and weakly impressed anteriorly. The adductor impres- sions are longitudinally elongate and extend anteriorly from one- fifth to one-third the length of the valve. The adductor impressions are medially separated by a well-defined myophragm which may be either broad or narrow. The adductor impressions may consist of two pairs of scars separated by a pair of short myophragms. The crura are short, rodlike, and anteriorly directed. The nature of the loop is not known, but it is seen in cross-section in one specimen at about the midlength to be relatively close to the lateral margins of the shell. The umbonal region of the valve is smooth due to the deposition of secondary material, but the peripheral regions are strongly crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. Interior of pedicle value—The dental lamellae are relatively short and are either completely obsolete or obsolescent. The shell ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 9) is greatly thickened in the umbonal region of large specimens, less so in medium-sized specimens. The hinge teeth are stubby and situated above the anterior portions of the dental lamellae bordering the hinge line. The muscle field is deeply impressed. It consists of a hemispherical, posterior umbonal chamber anterior to which is a short myophragm that bisects the small, linear adductor impres- sions, which are flanked laterally by the large, elongate diductor impressions. The muscle field extends anteriorly from one-third to one-half the length of the valve. The muscle field becomes progres- sively less well impressed anteriorly until it merges into the crenu- lated impression of the external costellae. Geographic distribution —Horlick Mountains, Antarctica; South Africa; Totora, Bolivia; Lankey and Stoney Creeks, New Zealand. Stratigraphic distribution.—Basal Lower Devonian beds of the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica; top of the Gable Mountain sand- stone and Bokkeveld beds of South Africa; Icla shale of Bolivia; Reefton beds and possibly Reefton limestone of New Zealand. With the exception of the Antarctic occurrence all of the material is as- sociated with an invertebrate fauna which can best be dated as Lower Emsian. The Antarctica collection has not yielded any material other than Pleuwrothyrella that is of use for dating purposes. SPECIES ASSIGNED Scaphiocoelia? africana Reed, 1906, op. cit. Rensselaeria relicta Schwarz, 1906, Rec. Albany Mus., v. I, pt. VI, peSose pk Wil tie. 7. Rensselaeria knodi Clarke, 1913, Serv. Geol. Miner. Brasil, Mon., v. TD in oe. 268. Pleurothyrella antarctica, sp. nov. Pleurothyrella venusta, sp.nov. SPECIES REJECTED Scaphiocoelia? africana var. elizabethae Reed, 1908, Ann. S. African Museum, vol. 4, p. 404-405, Pl. XLVIII, figs. 10-14 (=true Scaphiocoelia). Discussion —Pleurothyrella is founded on relatively large and medium-sized specimens. Because of the information gained from study of the growth series of the closely related genus Mendathyris, 92 BuLLETIN 207 which has an early growth stage identical to the ancestral form Mutationella, it is predicted that early growth stages of Pleurothy- rella will also be similar if not identical to Mutationella, as are the medium-sized specimens. This complicates the generic identification of small and medum-sized specimens of Mutationella found in strata of post-Early Gedinnian age; they may in fact be early growth stages of any of the genera concluded to have been derived from Mutationella. In the absence of growth series of either Mutationella or one of the derived genera together with small specimens of Muta- tionella it is probably best to continue to call these small specimens Mutationella, with the reservation that they may be early growth stages of another genus. This problem is well illustrated by material from the Malvinokaffric Province in Bolivia and South Africa which consists of small specimens whose morphology, both internal and external, is identical to that of Mutationella but which could be early growth stages of either Muwtationella, which occurs in the Falkland Islands [Mutationella falklandica (Clarke, 1913) ], or of one of the species of Pleurothyrella. Cloud (1942, p. 143) suggested the possibility that P. relicta (Schwarz, 1906) might belong to Scaphiocoela, but study of Caster’s plastotypes from the top of the Table Mountain sandstone- Bokkeveld rules out this possibility. However, study of Reed’s col- lection of Scaphiocoelia africana at the Sedgwick Museum and of plastotypes made by Caster of S. africana elizabethae leaves no doubt that Scaphiocoelia does occur in South Africa. Diagnostic characters of the species of Pleurothyrella* Character P. relicta P. antarctica P. knodi P. venusta P. africana Costellae coarse coarse medium-sized originate by medium-sized bifurcation Outline subcircular subcircular elongate subcircular subcircular to elongate to elongate | Cardinal bulbous very bulbous relatively relatively bulbous Plate flat flat Pedicle large large relatively large large Muscle Field small Brachial Valve relatively very convex convex convex relatively flat flat ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 93 ” “ ” “ *The terms “coarse,” “medium-sized,” “bulbous,” “very bulbous, relatively flat,” “large,” “relatively small,’ “very convex,” and “convex,” are only used in a relative sense. In order to understand their significance the reader should inspect the figures accompanying this paper to note the relative size and convexities involved. In the case of convexities measurements are not too meaningful, as linear measurements vary indirectly with the actual changes in curvature. Pleurothyrella africana (Reed, 1906) PielGntigsil-clese lity tlee. dak Ge Pl. 18, figs. 1-19; Pl. 19, figs. 2-16; Pl. 20, figs. 1-11; Pl. 21, fig. 1 Scaphiocoelia africana Reed, 1906, of. cit. Rensselaeria cf. confluentina Reed non Fuchs, 1906, op. cit., p. 308, pl. XVI, fig. 6. Rensselaeria montaguensis Reed, 1908 pars, Ann. S. African Mus., y. 4, p. 401- 402, pl. XI, fig. 5, not figs. 6-7. Exterior —Adult specimens are of large size for the family. The valves are unequally biconvex, with the pedicle valve from two to three times the depth of the brachial valve. The position of maxi- mum width is situated near or slightly anterior to the midlength. The anterior and lateral margins are evenly rounded. The cardinal margin is submegathyrid. The beak of the pedicle valve is slightly incurved. The palintrope, of moderate length, is from one-half to two-thirds the maximum width of the shell. The palintrope of the brachial valve is short, barely distinguishable except in well-pre- served specimens. The beak of the brachial valve is slightly incurved into the delthyrium. The delthyrium includes an angle of about 60 degrees. A gently concave deltidium fills the delthyrum. The con- struction of the deltidium was not apparent from study of the avail- able specimens. The pedicle foramen is probably hypothyrid in position. The ornamentation consists of radiating costellae that in- crease in size anteriorly. The umbonal regions of both valves are usually smooth, possibly due to abrasion. The shell substance is punctate. The shells are subcircular to longitudinally elongate in outline. Interior of brachial valve—The cardinalia in the adult consist of an imperforate, relatively bulbous cardinal plate. Posteriorly the cardinal plate bears a small, scoop-shaped cardinal process. In medium-sized specimens the cardinal plate is perforate, does not bear a cardinal process, and is swollen but not bulbous. The dental sockets are laterally directed and flare laterally. The cardinal plate is sessile 94 BuLLeTIN 207 anteriorly in large specimens but free in medium-sized specimens. The adductor impressions are longitudinally elongate and extend anteriorly from one-third to one-half the distance to the mid-length. The posterior portion of the adductor field is deeply impressed, even in medium-sized specimens, but the anterior portion is weakly im- pressed. The adductor field is medially bisected by a broad myoph- ragm which is particularly strong posteriorly but never reaches the proportions of a true septum. The umbonal region is smooth due to the deposition of secondary material but the peripheral regions are strongly crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. The crura are short, rodlike, and anteriorly directed from the median portion of each half of the cardinal plate. Interior of pedicle valve—The dental lamellae are relatively short, almost completely obsolescent in adult specimens and less so in medium-sized specimens. The hinge teeth are stubby and basally supported by the free anterior margins of the dental lamellae. The lateral face of each dental lamella, except for its anterior edge, is cemented to the wall of the valve. The shell is greatly thickened by the deposition of secondary material in the umbonal region; this tendency is less pronounced in medium-sized than in the large speci- mens. The muscle field is deeply impressed posteriorly and less so anteriorly. The umbonal chamber is slightly expanded laterally and anteriorly bordered by the deeply impressed muscle field. The pos- terior portion of the muscle field is medially divided by a short, pronounced myophragm. The muscle field is not noticeably sub- divided but is longitudinally elongate in form. The muscle field ex- tends anteriorly about one-half the distance to the midlength and becomes progressively less well impressed anteriorly until it merges into the crenulated impression of the external costellae. Ontogeny of Plewrothyrella africana (Reed, 1906) Interior of brachial valve — Early stage: The early stage is not represented definitely in the collections known to the writers. However, mutationelliform small brachiopods that could represent the early stage are known from the Bokkeveld sandstone. Middle stage: The middle stage is here defined to include AnTaRcTICA DEVONIAN JTEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 95 medium-sized specimens in which a relatively flat cardinal plate is present, perforated posteriorly by a foramen. The muscle field is well impressed and consists of one pair of longitudinally elongate lateral adductor impressions whose posterior terminations are well anterior of the foramen perforating the cardinal plate. Medially separating the lateral adductors is a broad, raised area which is the site of a pair of medial adductors divided by a low myophragm. The valve is relatively flat. Traces of a cardinal process have not been observed. Late stage: The late stage is characterized by the sealing off of the foramen in the cardinal plate and by the development of the cardinal plate into a relatively swollen, bulbous structure. A post- erlor cardinal process is present on top of the swollen cardinal plate. The valve is relatively more convex. The lateral adductors are deeply impressed into the secondary material filling the umbonal region. The posterior portion of the muscle field curves down into the umbonal region, whereas in the middle stage the muscle field was relatively planar. Interior of pedicle valve — Early stage: See early stage of brachial valve. Middle stage: The middle stage is here defined to include - medium-sized specimens in which the muscle field becomes increas- ingly well impressed and is divisible into a set of diductor and a set of adductor impressions. In addition, there is deposition of secondary material in the umbonal cavities so as to make the dental lamellae slightly to moderately obsolescent. Late stage: The late stage is defined to include large specimens in which the dental lamellae are almost completely obsolescent and the muscle field is deeply impressed posteriorly. Holotype——The holotype is South African Museum No. 607 (Reed, 1906, pl. XVII, fig. 1); plastotype, UCM28875. Occurrence.—‘Warm Bokkeveld, Ceres,” Cape Province, Union of South Africa. Bokkeveld beds. Pleurothyrella antarctica, sp. nov. Pl. 21, figs. 4-17; Pl. 22, figs. 1-14; Pl. 23, figs. 1-17 Exterior—Adult specimens are large for the family. The valves 96 BuLLetin 207 are unequally biconvex with the pedicle valve about one and one-half times as deep as the brachial valve. The position of maximum width is situated near the midlength. The anterior commissure is recti- marginate and crenulate. The anterior and lateral margins are evenly rounded. The cardinal margin is subterebratulid. The beak of the pedicle valve is slightly incurved. The palintrope is about two-thirds the maximum width of the shell. The palintrope of the brachial valve is short. The beak of the brachial valve is slightly in- curved into the delthyrium. The delthyrium includes an angle of about 60 degrees. A gently concave deltidium fills the delthyrium. The deltidium appears to be composed of medially conjunct plates apically perforated by a small foramen, but the preservation of the specimens precludes certainty regarding these points. The foramen appears to be hypothyrid in position. The ornamentation consists of relatively coarse, radial costellae which increase in size anteriorly and do not bifureate. The umbonal regions of both valves are strong- ly costellate. The outline of the shell is subcircular. Interior of brachial valve—The cardinalia consist of an ex- tremely bulbous, almost hemispherical, swollen cardinal plate. The presence of a posterior cardinal process could not be ascertained on the available material. The cardinal plate is completely sessile both anteriorly and posteriorly. The crura are short, bladelike, or rodlike, and anteriorly directed from the median portion of each half of the cardinal plate. The adductor impressions are deeply excavated pos- teriorly into the secondary material which lines the umbonal region, and faintly impressed anteriorly. A myophragm bisects the adductor field. The myophragm is posteriorly relatively broad and strong but becomes low and weakly impressed anteriorly. The muscle field extends anteriorly forward of the midlength. A loop is present as seen on a cross-section made at about midlength. The loop at the midlength is relatively broad. The peripheral portions of the valve are strongly crenulated by the impress of the external ornamenta- tion. Interior of pedicle valvue—The dental lamellae are relatively short and obsolescent. The lateral face of each lamella is cemented to the wall of the valve except for the anterior edge which 1s free. The stubby hinge teeth are situated on top of the anterior edge of the dental lamellae. The muscle field is deeply impressed posteriorly ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 97 into the thick deposit of secondary material which fills the umbonal region of the valve. The muscle field is longitudinally elongate and consists of a narrow, longitudinally elongate pair of adductors en- closed by a large pair of longitudinally elongate diductor impressions. The adductors are slightly raised above the level of the diductors. The muscle field extends more than half the distance to the anterior margin. A short myophragm bisects the anterior part of the diductor field, anterior of the adductor field. A hemispherical umbonal cham- ber is situated posterior of the diductor impressions. Ontogeny of Pleurothyrella antarctica, sp. nov. Interior of brachial valve — Early stage: The early stage is unknownybut is presumed to be mutationelliform. Middle stage: The middle stage is here defined to include medium-sized specimens in which either discrete hinge plates or a flat cardinal plate perforated posteriorly by a foramen is present. The muscle field is only moderately well impressed and consists of a pair of longitudinally elongate lateral adductor impressions sep- arated medially by a long, linear medial pair of adductors divided by a narrow myophragm. The adductors terminate posteriorly well anterior to the cardinalia. Secondary material is laid down in the umbonal region but is relatively thin. Late stage: The late stage is characterized by the sealing off of the foramen in the cardinal plate and by the development of an excessively swollen cardinal plate. The valve becomes relatively far more convex than in the middle stage. The muscle field is more deeply impressed, and secondary material is relatively thick in the umbonal region. Interior of pedicle valve— Early stage: The early stage is unknown but is presumed to be mutationelliform. Middle stage: The middle stage is here defined to include medium-sized specimens in which the muscle field is moderately well impressed but not easily divisible into adductor and diductor impressions. In addition there is deposition of secondary material 98 BULLETIN 207 in the umbonal cavities so as to make the dental lamellae slightly to moderately obsolescent. Late stage: The late stage is defined to include large specimens in which the dental lamellae are almost completely obsolescent and the muscle field is deeply impressed posteriorly. Holotype-—USNM, No. 137746. Occurrence.—Pleurothyrella antarctica is known only from the locality in the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica, described by Long (UD52))), Discussion—Cooper (im Long, 1959, p. 10) suggested that P. antarctica was similar to Mutationella falklandica (Clarke, 1913), but the latter lacks the bulbous cardinalia of P. antarctica and has discrete hinge plates rather than a cardinal plate. In addition the musculature of both valves in WW. falklandica is too weakly impressed for such a large specimen to be considered to belong to Pleurothy- rella. Pleurothyrella knodi (Clarke, 1913) Pl. 24, figs. 1-5, 11-15; Pl. 25, figs. 1-7; Pl. 26, figs. 1-2 Rensselaeria ovoides non Faton, Knod, 1908, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., Geol. u. Pal., XXV Beil.-Band, p. 557-558, pl. XXVIII, figs. 6-7. Rensselaeria knodi Clarke, 1913, Serv. Geol. Miner. Brasil, Mon., vol. 1, p. 77, 82, 268. Exterior —Only a few fragments of the external impression are available, but the general form of the species can be learned from inspecting the steinkerns, as the shell material, except in the um- bonal regions, is relatively thin. The adults (no small specimens are known) are relatively large for the family. The valves are unequally biconvex with the pedicle valve having one and one-half the depth of the brachial valve. The position of maximum width is situated at about the midlength. The beak of the pedicle valve is gently incurved. The anterior commissure is rectimarginate and crenulate. The anterior and lateral margins are evenly rounded. The palintrope is slightly less than one-half as wide as the maximum width of the shell. The ornamentation consists of radiating costellae which increase in size anteriorly. Increase in number of costellae by bifurcation could not be noted on the steinkerns. The shells are longitudinally elongate. ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 99 The delthyrium includes an angle of about 120 degrees. The palin- trope is short. Interior of brachial valve—The cardinalia consist of an imper- forate cardinal plate posteriorly surmounted by a scoop-shaped cardinal process. The cardinal process is elliptical in plan, laterally elongate, and resembles a low scoop. This process is completely different in its construction from the cardinal processes of other Devonian terebratuloids. The crura are short, pointed, and anter- iorly directed, coming off the median portion of each half of the card- inal plate. The dental sockets are laterally directed and flare later- ally. The cardinal plate is posteriorly sessile. There are two pairs of adductor impressions. The lateral pair is relatively short, elongate, antero-laterally directed, and medially separated from the medial pair of adductors by a pair of short myophragms. The junction of the two pairs of adductors posteriorly gives rise to a shallow notch which could be mistaken for a pair of short crural plates. The median pair of adductor impressions is elongate, reaching anteriorly about one-third the distance to the anterior margin, and is medially separated by a low, narrow myophragm which is especially pro- nounced posteriorly. The umbonal region of the valve is smooth due to the deposition of secondary material, but the peripheral regions are strongly crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. Interior of pedicle valve—The dental lamellae are short, obso- lescent, and cemented laterally to the walls of the valve except for the anterior edges which are free. The upper portion of each dental lamella bears a stubby hinge tooth. The shell is greatly thickened by the deposition of secondary material in the umbonal region but is relatively thin elsewhere. The muscle field is moderately well im- pressed for the genus. It consists of a concave, posterior umbonal chamber anterior to which is a short myophragm that bisects the small, linear, longitudinally elongate adductor impressions which are flanked laterally by the larger, longitudinally elongate diductor im- pressions. The muscle field is deeply impressed posteriorly but weakly impressed anteriorly and extends anteriorly less than one- third the length of the valve. The peripheral portions are deeply crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. Lectotype-—The specimen figured by Knod (1908, pl. XX- 100 BuLLeTIn 207 VIII, figs. 6, 6a, 6b) is here selected as the lectotype (Dereims Collection, Collection de Géologie de la Sorbonne, No. 58.005). Occurrence.—The material of this species in the Dereims Col- lection is cited by Knod (op. cit.) as “found in a reddish brown sandstone together with Leptocoela flabelhtes [Australocoeha tourtelott] and Spirifer antarcticus near ‘Totora. The sandstone belongs to the lower part of the Icla beds” from Bolivia. Discussion.—Cloud (1942, p. 84) suggested that P. knodi might belong to the genus Globithyris, which elsewhere has never been demonstrated to occur in the Southern Hemisphere, but the ab- sence of a true median septum in the brachial valve taken together with the peculiarities of the muscle field in the pedicle valve of both genera precludes this assignment. The steinkern of Mutationella figured from Bolivia might, as previously mentioned, be an early growth stage of P. knodi, but no material suggestive of Plewrothy- rella was found in the boulders from which the steinkern was broken. Pleurothyrella venusta, sp. nov. Pl. 26, figs. 3-11; Pl. 27, figs. 1-10; Pl. 28, figs. 1-13; Pl. 29, figs. 1-11; Figure 3. Exterior—Adult specimens of the species are large for the family. The valves are unequally biconvex with the pedicle valve being about one and one-half times as deep as the brachial valve. The position of maximum width is situated near the midlength. The anterior commissure is rectimarginate to feebly sulcate and crenulate. The cardinal margin is subterebratulid to submegathy- rid. The beak of the pedicle valve is strongly incurved. The palin- trope is over one-half the maximum width of the shell. The palin- trope is relatively short in the pedicle valve and barely distin- guishable in the brachial valve. The beak of the brachial valve is slightly incurved into the delthyrium. The delthynum includes an angle of about 60 degrees. A concave pair of medio-basally con- junct deltidial plates fills the delthyrium. The foramen is sub- mesothyrid in position. The ornamentation consists of radiating costellae which increase in size anteriorly and increase in number by bifurcation. A large specimen bears about 79 or 80 costae. The umbonal region of each valve is costellate. The outlines of the shell are subcircular to elongate-ovate. aaa ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 101 Interior of brachial valve —The cardinalia consist of a thick, flat cardinal plate. A small, posteriorly situated cardinal process is probably absent, although this could not be determined because of poor preservation in the quartzite specimens. The cardinal plate is sessile both anteriorly and posteriorly. The crura are short, pointed, and anteriorly directed from a position about median in each half of the cardinal plate. The dental sockets are laterally directed and flare laterally. The cardinal plate is imperforate, but the anterior portion of the foramen is still present in large specimens, and it is continous in smaller to medium-sized speci- mens. Crural plates are absent, there being neither anterior pro- jections from the base of the cardinal plate nor evidence of struc- tural crural plates buried within the cardinal plate. The muscle field is deeply impressed posteriorly and consists of two pairs of adductor impressions. The muscle field extends anteriorly about one-third of the distance to the anterior margin. The lateral pair of adductor impressions are relatively narrow, longitudinally elon- gate, and anterolaterally directed. The lateral pair of adductor im- pressions extends farther to the posterior than the median pair. The median pair of adductor impressions are longitudinally elongate and medially separated by a threadlike myophragm. The myophragm extends anteriorly about one-third the distance to the anterior margin. The lateral adductors bear transverse rugosities, whereas the medial scars are smooth. The umbonal portions of the valve are smooth due to the deposition of secondary material, but the pe- ripheral portions are strongly crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. Interior of pedicle valvue—The dental lamellae are relatively short and obsolescent. The lateral sides of the dental lamellae are cemented to the walls of the valve except for the anterior margins which are free. A stubby hinge tooth surmounts the anterior edge of each dental lamella. The shell is greatly thickened by the deposi- tion of secondary material in the umbonal region of large speci- mens. The muscle field is elongate, about one-quarter of the width of the valve, and extends for two-fifths of the length of the valve; it consists of a hemispherical posterior umbonal chamber anterior to which are two pairs of longitudinally elongate impressions. The lateral pair is about one-half the length of the medial pair. The 102 BuLLETIN 207 muscle field is deeply impressed posteriorly but becomes progres- sively less well impressed anteriorly, until it merges into the cren- ulated impression of the external ornamentation. Holotype.—Canterbury Museum (Christchurch, New Zealand ) IN: Je, tO. Dimensions.—Six substantially complete specimens were avail- able for measurement; their dimensions to the nearest half milli- meter are listed below. 1 2, 3 4 5 6 Length 45.5 54.0 43.5 43.0 45.0 45.0 Width 42.5 43.0 46.0 42.5 43.5 42.0 Thickness 30.0 30.0 2925 27.5 Pap fos) 25.5 Approx. number of costae at margin 80 80 75 70 80 i 1-5, paratypes 6, holotype prior to etching Occurrence.—All the casts and molds from quartzite boulders, including material collected by Dr. Brian Mason, American Museum of Natural History, New York, and Dr. C. A. Fleming, New Zea- land Geological Survey, were collected from Lankey Creek or its tributary, Stoney Creek. Caster, Fleming, and Allan jointly made collections from the same area, and additional material is in the Allan collection at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Dr. Fleming (oral communication, 1959) suggested that these boulders were probably derived from the lower quartzite of the Reefton beds. Associated with the specimens of P. venusta in the quartzite are a small acrospiriferid of Lower Devonian aspect and a smooth dialasmatid which could belong to either Cryptonella or Cranaena in the absence of any information regarding its loop. The age of this association is certainly Devonian and as it apparently occurs under the Reefton mudstones which contain a Lower Emsian fauna, there seems little doubt that the quartzite faunule is of about the same age. The Devonian faunas of the Reefton group were described by R. S. Allan in 1935. Since then the stratigraphy and structure of the Reefton district have been revised by R. P. Suggate (1957), and there has been further work on the brachiopods (Allan, 1947; Boucot, 1959), corals (Hill, 1956), and mollusks (Fleming, 1957) eC) moO owe er eae | Figure 3.—Serial sections of Pleurothyrella venusta, sp. nov., from loose boulders in Lankey Creek, 100 yards upstream from Stoney Creek junction, Reefton, New Zealand. Canterbury Mus. No. 8 306. 1 Centimetre 104 BuLLeTIN 207 of these faunas. The only terebratuloid brachiopod previously de- scribed from these beds is Meganteris neozelanica Allan, the type species of Reeftonella Boucot. It is one of the most abundant species in the Lower Reefton quartzite and the Reefton mudstone, which underlie the Reefton limestone, and has also been recorded doubt- fully from felspathic sandstones in the Reefton limestone in Stoney Creek (Allans)193)5)),. The articulated specimens of Pleurothyrella venusta described in this paper were collected by Ives from a poorly rounded boulder about a foot in diameter in the bed of Lankey Creek, about 100 yards upstream from its junction with Stoney Creek (see Suggate, 1957, for locality). They occur in association with an undescribed species of Actinopteria, an unidentified spiriferid brachiopod, and fragments of brachiopods, crinoids, undescribed species of bryozoan, and a favositid coral. The matrix contains detrital carbonate grains and quartz grains up to 0.1 mm. in diameter; the combined car- bonates total 83%. Calcareous sandstones and calcareous mudstones have been recorded from the Lower Reefton quartzite. Only the highest bed of this formation, a calcareous silty sandstone, has been re- corded as fossiliferous; the fossils are in the form of moulds. A calcareous mudstone near the base of the succeeding Reefton mud- stone contains Hexagonaria (R. S. Allan, personal communication). The overlying Reefton limestone is the only highly calcareous for- mation in the Lankey Creek-Stoney Creek watershed known to yield fossils with shell material preserved; these include corals and bryozoans (Allan, 1935; Hill, 1956), crinoid remains, and unde- termined brachiopods, including a species of “Spzrifer.” Two analyses of the purer limestones from this formation showed 84.8 and 87.5% CaCO; (Morgan, 1919). The composition and fauna of the boulder yielding the terebratuloids suggests derivation from the limestones of the Reefton limestone. The Reefton mudstone has been regarded by Allan (1947) as Siegenian in age, although Boucot would now consider it to be Lower Emsian because of its large spiriferid which is similar to Acrospirifer hercyniae, as well as the occurrence of Plewrothyrella in beds of probable Early Emsian age in Bolivia and South Africa. This being so, the overlying, and apparently conformable, Reefton ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 105 limestone would be most probably Emsian or Couvinian in age. Dorothy Hill (1956, 1957) on the basis of a small coral fauna advocated a Couvinian [= Eifelian] age for the Reefton limestone, a conclusion accepted by C. A. Fleming (1957a). The problem is not readily resolved, as the Couvinian age attached to the Reefton limestone depends principally on the identification of Tipheophyllum bartrumt (Allan) in the Sulcor limestone at Attunga and the Bluff limestone at Taemas, New South Wales, and the correlation of these formations. The Sulcor limestone is definitely of Couvinian age, but the Bluff limestone appears to be of Emsian, perhaps late Emsian age (Talent, 1963). The range of Tipheophyllum was recently ex- tended by the discovery of a new species of this genus in the Sie- genian or possibly older Coopers Creek formation at the base of the Walhalla group in Victoria. The resolution of these differing determinations of age for the Reefton lime8tone and the Reefton mudstone must await the discovery elsewhere of their distinctive faunal elements, or of the discovery at Reefton of additional species already known elsewhere to have restricted ranges. Ontogeny of Pleurothyrella venusta, sp. nov. Since submitting the paper for publication Ives has obtained several specimens from quartzite outcrops just downstream from the main limestone in Lankey’s Creek, Reefton area, New Zealand. These quartzites yielded small to medium-sized specimens of Pleu- rothyrella which demonstrate the presence of an early mutationellid stage in the brachial valve characterized by discrete hinge plates, a scarcely discernible muscle field, no myophragm in the brachial valve, short dental lamellae in the pedicle valve, and a scarcely im- pressed muscle field. The smallest specimens observed with these characters are about 7 mm. in maximum width. They occur to- gether with medium- and large-sized specimens of Plewrothyrella venusta and fully demonstrate the mutationellinid ancestry of the genus. Pleurothyrella relicta (Schwarz, 1906) Pl. 31, figs. 1-2 Rensselaeria relicta Schwarz, 1906, Rec. Albany Mus. (South Africa), vol. I, pt. VI, p. 364, pl. VII, fig. 7. Rensselaeria montaguensis Reed, 1908 pars, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, pt. 8, No. 14, p. 401, pl. 48, fig. 7. Exterior—No specimens of the exterior are available for study, 106 BuLLetIn 207 but its form may partly be deduced from impressions of the interior. The adults are relatively large for the family. The valves are un- equally biconvex; the brachial valve is gently convex, and the pedicle valve deeply convex. The position of maximum width is situated near the midlength. The anterior commissure is rectimarginate and crenulate. The anterior and lateral margins are evenly rounded. The palintrope is about half the maximum width. The ornamentation consists of coarse, radial costellae that do not bifurcate anteriorly. The outline is subcircular to longitudinally elongate in the two speci- mens studied. Interior of brachtal valve—-In the medium-sized specimens studied the cardinalia consist of a perforate cardinal plate formed from medially conjunct hinge plates. The crura are short and anteriorly directed, coming off the median portion of the hinge plates. The dental sockets are laterally directed and flare laterally. The cardinal plate is posteriorly sessile. The two pairs of adductor impressions are deeply excavated posteriorly but fade anteriorly. They are longitudinally elongate and separated medially by a well- developed myophragm. The umbonal region is smooth due to the deposition of secondary material, but the peripheral region is strong- ly crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. Interior of pedicle valve——rTVhe dental lamellae are short and almost completely obsolescent due to the deposition of secondary material in the umbonal cavities. The upper portion of each dental lamella bears a stubby hinge tooth. The shell is greatly thickened in the umbonal regions by the deposition of secondary material. The muscle field is moderately well impressed for the genus; it consists of a hemispherical umbonal chamber anterior to which is a myophragm that bisects the linear, longitudinally elongate ad- ductor impressions, which are flanked laterally by longitudinally elongate diductor impressions. The muscle field is weakly i1m- pressed anteriorly. The peripheral regions are deeply impressed by the external ornamentation. Lectotype.—The brachial valve figured by Schwarz (op. cit.) is selected as the lectotype (Albany Museum, No. 93). Occurrence.—This species is known only from the Bokkeveld beds of South Africa. Discussion —Cloud (1942, p. 143) suggested that P. relicta ns ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 107 might belong to Scaphiocoeha (“The illustrations of this species resemble the Bokkeveld shells referred to Scaphiocoelia by Reed’). However, this study shows that Reed’s South African Scaphocoelia belongs to both Scaphiocoelhia (S.? africana elizabethae) and Pleu- rothyrella (S.?2 africana), and it is the latter that P. relicta resembles in all respects except radial ornamentation. Genus MENDATHYRIS Cloud, 1942 Pl. 31, figs. 3-9; Pl. 32, figs. 1-12; Pl. 33, figs. 1-15 Discussion.—M endathyris was founded by Cloud (1942, p. 125- 126) upon large specimens and a few medium-sized individuals. Sub- sequent collecting at the type locality from the Chapman sand- stone at Grindstone, Presque Isle Stream, Aroostook County, Maine, by Boucot in 1953 and Mr. Raymond Fletcher¥ Brown University, in 1959 uncovered collections rich in small as well as large and medium- sized specimens. Thus two complete sets of specimens ranging in size from about two millimeters in width to about two centimeters in width are now available. Both of these collections demonstrate the correctness of Cloud’s deduction (op. cit.) that Mendathyris is closely allied to both Cloudella and Mutationella. The ontogeny of Mendathyris demonstrates the presence of an early “Mwutationella stage” and a middle and late stage clearly assignable to Mendathyris. The transitions between the early, middle, and late stages are com- pletely gradational. Ontogeny of Mendathyris mainensis (Williams, 1900) Interior of brachial valve — Early stage: The early or “Mutationella stage” is here defined to include small forms having discrete hinge plates rather than a cardinal plate or a cardinal plate formed from discrete hinge plates which are joined only by a narrow median suture; a prominent myophragm medially dividing the muscle field which is so poorly impressed as to be either barely discernible or not discernible; the umbonal regions weakly costellate except in the notothyrial cavity due to the almost complete absence of thick deposits of secondary material. Middle stage: The middle stage is here defined to include 108 BuLLeETIN 207 medium-sized specimens in which a relatively flat cardinal plate is present, perforated by a foramen posteriorly. The muscle field is well impressed and consists of two pairs of adductor impressions— a postero-lateral pair which projects slightly posterior into the no- tothyrial cavity so as to give the impression that a pair of crural plates might be present (although such is not the case) and a median pair. The median adductors are bisected by a myophragm which extends posteriorly almost to the point where the foramen emerges onto the upper surface of the cardinal plate, whereas in the early stage the myophragm extends posteriorly only to the antero-basal margins of the hinge plates or the cardinal plate and never to the rear of the notothyrial cavity. Deposition of secondary material is prominent in the umbonal region and completely obscures the impress of the external ornamentation. The development of trans- verse rugosities on the lateral adductor impressions first appears in the middle stage and continues on into the late stage. Late stage: The late stage 1s characterized by the sealing off of the foramen in the cardinal plate and by the development of the cardinal plate into a relatively swollen, bulbous structure. The myophragm bisecting the median adductors extends posteriorly just to the base of the sealed-off foramen and begins to extend down- ward almost at right angles to the anterior portion, whereas in both the early and middle stages the myophragm is gently curved but never sharply bent posteriorly. Interior of pedicle valve. Early stage: The early or “Mutationella stage” is here defined to include small forms having short dental lamellae that show no tendency towards obsolescence; there is no deposition of secondary material in the umbonal cavity so as to obscure the impress of the external ornamentation; the muscle field is merely a smooth area included between the dental lamellae; and subdivisions into diductor and adductor impressions are not visible. The presence of an um- bonal chamber is not evident. Middle stage: The middle stage is here defined to include medium-sized specimens in which the muscle field becomes in- creasingly well impressed and is divisible into a set of diductor and a set of adductor impressions. In addition there is deposition of <5 eee ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucort, et al. 109 secondary material in the umbonal cavities so as to make the dental lamellae slightly to moderately obsolescent. An umbonal chamber is well defined. The umbonal region is free from crenula- tion owing to the extensive deposition of secondary material. A narrow interarea is present. Late stage: The late stage is defined to include large specimens in which the dental lamellae are almost completely obsolescent, the muscle field deeply impressed posteriorly, and the umbonal chamber no longer visibly constricted anteriorly from the posterior part of the muscle field. A prominent, short myophragm bisects the pos- terior portion of the muscle field, whereas in the middle stage the myophragm, when present, is relatively threadlike. A well-developed interarea 1s present. Genus MUTATIONELLA KoztowSki, 1929 Mutationella falklandica (Clarke, 1913) Pl. 36, figs. 11-13 Rensselaeria falklandica Clarke, 1913, Serv. Geol. Miner. Brasil, Mon., vol. 1, p. 267-268, Pl. 17, figs. 29-31. Mutationella falklandica (Clarke, 1913), Boucot, 1960, Mém. Inst. Géol. Univ. Louvain, tome XXI, p. 319. Discussion —Cloud (1942, p. 84) suggested the possibility that M. falklandica might belong to Globithyris, but the presence in the former of a myophragm rather than a median septum coupled with the absence of crural plates precludes this possibility. Interior of brachial valve—The cardinalia consist of hinge plates, which might be barely conjunct antero-medially to form a cardinal plate, medially separated by a relatively wide trough. The muscle field is feebly impressed and consists of a pair of adductor impressions medially bisected by a low myophragm. The dental sockets are laterally directed and flare laterally. The umbonal re- gion is crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. Occurrence.—Strata of Early Devonian, probably Early Em- sian, age at Port Howard, East Falkland. “Mutationella” sp. Pl. 34, figs. 1-5 Discussion—In the material from which Boucot and Gill (1956) described Australocoelia tourteloti, from a boulder of possible 110 BULLETIN 207 Early Emsian age in Bolivia, was included a single specimen of a terebratuloid with the morphology of Mutationella. At the time the specimen was assigned to Mutationella (Boucot and Gill, op. cit.), but now that we are in a position to predict that Pleurothyrella knodi should have an early “Mutationella stage” in its ontogeny, the generic assignment of this specimen is difficult. If the specimen had been found in association with a growth series of specimens belonging to P. knodi we would have no qualms about assigning the specimen to Pleurothyrella in much the same manner as we have assigned the early “Mutationella stage” specimens of Mendathyris from Maine to the latter genus. Or, if Mutationella sensu stricto were unknown in the Malvinokaffric Province, we would not be reluctant to assign this specimen to Pleurothyrella. With the know- ledge that large specimens of Mutationella (1.e., M. falklandica) do occur in the Province, it appears fruitless to try to assign such small specimens generically at this time. Possibly when further knowledge is available about Early Devonian terebratuloids, in- cluding more information about their loops, it will be possible to identify small individuals with certainty. Mutationella parlinensis, sp. nov. Pl. 34, figs. 6-16; Pl. 35, figs. 1-2 Exterior—tThe shell is unequally biconvex, with the brachial valve gently convex, and the pedicle valve more inflated. The outline of the shell is subcircular to longitudinally elliptical. The greatest width and thickness are usually located near the midlength. The anterior commissure is rectimarginate and crenulate. The an- terior and lateral margins are rounded. The cardinal margins are submegathyrid. The pedicle foramen is submesothyrid in position. Large shells possess short planareas. The deltidial plates are dis- crete. The beak of the pedicle valve is erect to suberect in large specimens and tends to become slightly incurved over the brachial valve. The shell is punctate. The surface is ornamented by costellae which increase in width peripherally. The costellae have broad, rounded cross-sections and are separated by narrow, V-shaped inter- spaces. Forty to sixty costellae are usually present on each valve. Pedicle interior—tThe shell is thin in the umbonal region with no thickening except in the delthyrial cavity of large specimens. The ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 111 dental lamellae are short and thin. The muscle field is indistinct, elongate in form, and extends about one-third the distance to the anterior margin. It consists of a narrow, median diductor laterally bounded by elongate lateral diductor impressions. The posterior portion of the delthyrial cavity is occupied by the pedicle callist. The pedicle foramen is much narrower than the chamber occupied by the pedicle callist. The hinge teeth are stubby and basally sup- ported by the dental lamellae. The interior is crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation except in the umbonal re- gion, which tends to be smooth, Brachial interior—The cardinalia consist of discrete hinge plates. A few specimens possess a narrow band joining the anterior portions of the hinge plates. In the majority of specimens this narrow band is not present, either because it broke during burial or because it was never formed. The dent@l sockets are elongate and laterally directed. They are closed over posteromedially by the outer socket ridges but widen laterally and are free. The muscle field is weakly impressed in most specimens, ellipsoidal in outline, and one-fifth as wide and one-third as long as the valve. The large, ovate, lateral adductors enclose a pair of narrow, median adductors. The median adductors widen rapidly at the anterior end of the muscle field. The muscle field is bisected by a myophragm. Comparison.—M., parlinensis is closely allied morphologically to the type species in all regards except that the former attains dimen- sions of about three times those known in the latter. In addition, large specimens of M. parlinensis have a more carinate pedicle valve than do large specimens of M. podolica, but this may be a function of difference in size. The curvature of the beak is similar to that found in M. podolica.and is not strongly incurved as in Cloudella stewarti. This species possesses short dental lamellae as does the type species. The cardinalia are in all respects similar to those of the type species, even in the evanescent character of the band connect- ing the hinge plates. The weakly impressed musculature is similar to that of the type species, as is the thin shell in the umbonal region of the pedicle valve. M. parlinensis closely resembles “Trigeria” gaudryi Hall and Clarke, 1893 (non Oehlert, 1877) from the Ridgely sandstone near Cumberland, Maryland. Unfortunately no specimens of “7.” gaudryt 112 BuLLetiIn 207 Hall and Clarke (non Oehlert) were available for study, but plaster casts of their figured specimens were studied. M. barroisi has fewer costellae than VW. parlinensts. M. parlinensts is similar internally and externally to |/utation- ella falklandica (Clarke, 1913) with the exception that the latter has relatively coarser costae. The species “Rensselaeria” circularis Schuchert, 1913 may well be identical (as suggested by Cloud, 1942, p. 83) with “Trgeria” gaudryt Hall and Clarke (non Oehlert) but lack of well-preserved material does not permit solution of the problem. “R.” circularis was assigned by Cloud (1942, p. 83) to Globithyris, but this assign- ment is untenable owing to the absence of crural plates or a median septum in the brachial valve of the former. A myophragm is pre- sent in the brachial valve of “R.” circularis, as in Mutationella, and the hinge plates appear to be discrete. It is suggested that “R.” circularis be assigned questionably to Mutationella pending the discovery of more adequate specimens. Occurrence.—Localities SD-2718, 2691, 2719, 2717, 2721, 2731, 27355 272052765, 2749, 2777, 2795, 2793. 2116, L1Olee aia oe 2727, 2732, 28312890, 2875, 2824, 2865, 28235 21sseet oo eee eee 2847, 2862, 3088, 3090, 3225, 2832, and cf. 2819, 2825, 2747, Somer- set County, Maine, in the Tarratine formation (Lower Devonian) and questionably the Kineo member of the Tomhegan formation (Lower Devonian). Locality numbers are those of the Silurian- Devonian locality catalog of the U. S. Geological Survey. Distribution—Somerset County, Maine, and possibly Cumber- land, Maryland, if “Rensselaeria” circularis and “Trigeria” gaudryt belong to this genus and species. A single, poorly preserved speci- men from the Percé limestone at Percé, Quebec, in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, resembles this species. Strata of similar age in Piscataquis and Penobscot Counties, Maine, have not, as yet, produced specimens of Mutationella, but Cloudella (a closely related genus) occurs in the area of Mata- gamon Dam, Penobscot County, and Mendathyris (another closely related genus) occurs in the Presque Isle area, Aroostook County, Maine. Holotype—USNM 126178. Figured specimens—USNM 126168, 126185, 126166, 126173, 126171. ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN [TEREBRATULOID: Boucort, et al. 113 Measured specimens —USNM 126671 A-V. Unmeasured specumens —USNM 126638, 126674. Genus CLOUDELLA, Boucot and Johnson, nom. nov. See Appendix, present study. Cloudella matagamoni, sp. nov. Pl. 35, figs. 3-16 Exterior—The shell is unequally biconvex, with the pedicle valve having an inflated, convex form, and the brachial valve is gently convex. The outline of the shell is subcircular to longitudin- ally elliptical. The beak of the pedicle valve is incurved. Discrete deltidial plates parallel the sides of the delthyrium. The ornamenta- tion consists of costellae which are relatively coarse and partly originate by bifurcation. The costellae have an angular cross-section and are separated by narrow interspaces. THe anterior and lateral margins are rounded. The anterior commissure is rectimarginate and crenulate. The cardinal margins are submegathyrid. The pedicle foramen is submesothyrid in position. The maximum width is lo- cated near the midlength. Pedicle interior—The dental lamellae are short and almost ob- solete due to the deposition of secondary material in the umbonal cavities and in the delthyrial cavity. The diductor impressions are marked posteriorly, weaken rapidly in the anterior direction, and are bisected by a myophragm. An expanded chamber for the pedicle callist is located at the rear of the delthyrial cavity but is only moderately developed in some specimens. The interior is strongly crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation. The hinge teeth are short and stubby. Brachial interior—The cardinalia consist of discrete hinge plates. A prominent myophragm extends anteriorly to about the midlength and terminates posteriorly just short of the notothyrial cavity. The paired adductor impressions are narrow and lie on either side of the myophragm. The dental sockets are narrow, later- ally directed, and roofed over medially. Comparison.—C. matagamoni has fewer costellae than C. stew- artt. In addition, in C. matagamoni the hinge plates are discrete whereas they are medially conjunct in C. stewarti, but this dif- ference may reflect the fact that the available specimens of the former are smaller than those of the latter. The area of the pedicle 114 BuLuetIn 207 callist is far more expanded in C. stewart than in C. matagamom, but again this may be more a reflection of size than anything else. Ontogeny of Cloudella matagamom Although a complete growth series of this species is not known, some conclusions can be made about the ontogeny of this genus based on the new collections from Maine. The small specimens of both valves lack well-impressed muscle fields (Pl. 35, figs 9-11) and possess either short dental lamellae or a well-defined myophragm in the pedicle and brachial valves respectively so as to give rise to a “mutationelliform” stage similar to that of Mendathyris. The large specimens of this species are characterized by deeply impressed muscle fields in both valves. It is evident that a complete growth series would reveal an ontogeny with an early “mutationelliform” stage succeeded by later stages characteristic of Cloudella, as was the case with the related genus Mendathyms. Remarks.—The occurrence in Maine extends the stratigraphic range of the genus from rocks of New Scotland to those of Oriskany age. Occurrence.—Locality SD-3608, Matagamon Quadrangle, Pen- obscot County, Maine, in the Matagamon sandstone which is of Becraft-Oriskany age. Holotype-—USNM 126172. Figured specvmens—USNM 126179, 126211, 126169, 126170, 126175, 126174, 126176. Unfigured specumens—USNM 126675. Genus SCAPHIOCOELIA Whitfield, 1891 Pl. 39, figs. 12-16; Pl. 40, figs. 5-14; Pl. 41, figs. 1-12 Discusston——Cloud (1942, p. 142-143) ably summarized pre- vious knowledge of the enigmatic Malvinokaffric genus Scap/io- coela. However, after studying Pleurothyrella (including P. africana Reed which was erroneously assigned to Scaphiocoelia?) and Sca- phiocoeha elizabethae Reed [which was erroneously assigned by Reed, 1908, p. 404-405, to the same species as P. africana (Reed) ], reconsideration of the Scaphiocoelia problem is in order. Specimens of Scaphiocoelia from both South Africa and Bolivia make it clear ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 115 that previous descriptions of the genus have overemphasized the problem of its possible lack of punctation and underemphasized its internal morphology. Cloud (op. cit.) quoted Whitfield’s statement that the “shell structure (is) strongly fibrous, without any punctae under a hand magnifier,” as well as a statement by Koztowski that is to the same effect. This apparent lack of punctae appears, at first, to be a formidable objection to including Scaphiocoelia in the terebratuloids. However, hand lens examination of P. africana, P. antarctica, and P. venusta failed to reveal any punctae, and thin section examination showed punctae only in some specimens, which makes the punctation argument less convincing. Lack of punctae in these forms may have resulted from alteration and an original low punctation density. Internally the morphology in both valyes of Scaphiocoelia is remarkably similar to that of Pleurothyrella and Mendaihyris, the only significant difference being that some specimens of Scaphio- coelia have a posteriorly situated boss on the swollen cardinal plate. The well-developed interareas in both valves mirror those in Menda- thyris. Fundamentally, the real distinction between Scaphiocoelia and the other genera of the Mutationellinae is its concayo-convex form, but this type of profile has been independently developed in other groups of terebratuloids. Diagnosis —Mutationellinid brachiopods having a gently con- cave brachial valve and a deeply convex, naviculate pedicle valve. Interareas are well developed in both valves. The bosslike cardinal plate has a posterior bosslike protuberance. Comparison.—All the other mutationellinid genera are biconvex rather than concavo-convex. Mendathyris is the only other muta- tionellinid possessing a well-developed interarea. The posterior boss- like protuberance of the cardinal plate is unlike structures present on the relatively unmodified cardinal plates of the other mutation- ellinid genera. Exterior—The brachial valve is gently concave; the pedicle valve is strongly convex and naviculate. The pedicle valve is some- what larger than the brachial valve. The outlines of both valves are longitudinally elongate. The hinge line is straight and equal to about half the maximum width, which is situated near the mid- length. The brachial valve bears a broad sulcus and the pedicle 116 BULLETIN 207 valve a corresponding fold. The postero-lateral, lateral, and anterior margins are evenly rounded. The commissure is weakly uniplicate and strongly crenulate. The interarea of the pedicle valve is moder- ately long, concave, and apsacline; that of the brachial valve is rela- tively short and anacline. The interareas of both valves are strongly striated by lines parallel to the hinge line. The delthyrium includes an angle of about 90 degrees and is apparently unmodified. The foramen is mesothyrid. The cardinal margin is megathyrid. The costellae do not bifurcate anteriorly. Interior of brachial valve.—The cardinalia consist of a bulbous cardinal plate formed from medially conjunct hinge plates. The structure of the cardinal plate is evidenced by a groove that ex- tends medially from posterior to anterior. The cardinal plate is either foramenate or possessed of a filled foramen. In individuals with swollen cardinal plates the median groove may not be visible. A cardinal process may or may not be present. In S. bohwiensis there is a posterior, swollen area on the cardinal plate which has the form of a cardinal process, as illustrated by Kozlowski (1923, p. 92, fig. 6). In S. eizabethae, instead of the posterior swelling, there may be a linear cardinal process as in Reed’s figure 10 (1908, pl. XLVIII) or none at all as in his figure 13 (op. cit.). The muscle field is similar to that of Pleurothyrella and consists of two pairs of ad- ductors. The outer, larger pair is antero-laterally directed, elongate, and extends almost one-half the distance to the anterior margin. The inner, smaller pair is also longitudinally elongate. Interior of pedicle value-—The muscle field is deeply impressed, particularly posteriorly, and consists of a large, longitudinally elon- gate diductor field which encloses the narrow adductor field. The dental lamellae are short and obsolescent. The hinge teeth are stout and situated at the top of the remnants of the dental lamellae. Occurrence—Early Emsian age beds in Bolivia (Icla and Si- casica formations), Paraguay (chocolate-brown ironstone), and South Africa (Bokkeveld sandstone). Derivation.—Scaphiocoelia is relatively similar in everything but the convexity of the brachial valve to both Pleurothyrella and Mendathyris. Pleurothyrella makes a poor ancestor because it is known only in strata of the same age as those which have yielded Scaphiocoelia, and it lacks well-developed interareas. Mendathyns ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 117 occurs in Late Gedinnian age beds in the northern Appalachians and has well-developed interareas, making it a more eligible ancestor, or at least much closer to an ancestral type than any of the other mutationellinids. It is predicted that early growth stages of Scaphio- coelia will be mutationellinid in form. Family CRYPTONELLINAE Thomson, 1926, emend. Cloud, 1942 Genus CRYPTONELLA Hall, 1861 Cryptonella? sp. Pl. 24, figs. 6-10; Pl. 30, figs. 8-18 Remarks. —In both the Bolivian material borrowed from the Dereims Collection of the Sorbonne and in the New Zealand col- lection from the lower quartzite of the Reeftgn beds there are a few smooth dielasmatids. In the absence of information regarding the loops (1.e., whether or not they are cryptonelliform or cranaeni- form) or the characters of the beak region in the pedicle valve, it is difficult to assign them generically. Because the muscle fields and general form of the specimens from Bolivia and New Zealand are somewhat reminiscent of specimens of “Cryptonella” rhenana, whose generic assignment is also in doubt, they have been ques- tionably assigned to Cryptonella. A foramenate, concave cardinal plate is present in the material from both localities. The brachial muscle field is not preserved in the Bolivian specimens, but in the New Zealand material it con- sists of two pairs of longitudinally elongate adductor impressions separated by a prominent myophragm. Short dental lamellae are prominent in the pedicle valve. Genus REEFTONELLA Boucot, 1959 Ontogeny of Reeftonella neozelanica (Allan, 1935) Pl. 36, figs 1-6; Pl. 37, figs. 1-15; Pl. 38, figs. 1-8; Pl. 39, figs. 1-11; Pl. 40, figs. 1-2. In a previous paper (Boucot, 1959, p. 768) it was mentioned that R. neozelanica does not possess crural plates in the brachial valve, a point that distinguishes it from any of the Centronellidae. 118 BuLLetin 207 We are now able to illustrate an ontogenetic series that makes clear the internal morphology of the genus. Interior of brachial valve.— Early growth stage: The early growth stage is characterized by the presence of a relatively small, foramenate cardinal plate and two pairs of linear adductor impressions in the brachial valve. The lateral pair of adductor impressions projects slightly posteriorad of the median pair in a manner suggestive of the presence of crural plates. This same tendency for a pair of lateral adductor impressions to project slightly posteriorad can be observed, at some growth stage or other or in certain variants, in many of the dialasmatid genera and is a good source of possible confusion with the genera of the centronellids. Middle growth stage: The middle growth stage is characterized by the presence of a relatively large, foramenate cardinal plate, and by the anterior migration of the adductor field to a position where the lateral pair no longer projects posteriorly to give the im- pression that crural plates might be present. This anterior migra- tion of the adductor field is largely a function of the deepening of the umbonal region in a manner which lifts the cardinal plate well - above the muscle field. Late growth stage: The late growth stage is characterized by the development of a more bulbous, sessile cardinal plate in which the foramen has finally become sealed off. The lateral pair of ad- ductor impressions in this stage bears transverse grooves reminiscent of the condition in Meganterella, Mendathyris, and Meganteris. Interior of pedicle valve — Early growth stage: The early growth stage is characterized by the presence of short dental lamellae which laterally enclose the unimpressed muscle field. At this stage the shell displays none of the generically distinctive characters of larger specimens and could easily be confused with any one of a number of other genera. Middle growth stage: The middle growth stage is characterized by the presence of obsolescent dental lamellae which postero-laterally enclose a deeply impressed muscle field. The relative length of the muscle field increases with increasing length of the valve. Late growth stage: In the late growth stage the dental lamellae ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 119 are either completely obsolete, so as to expose the stubby hinge teeth, or are almost completely obsolete. Family RHIPIDOTHYRIDAE Subfamily GLOBITHYRINAE Genus GLOBITHYRIS Cloud, 1942 Globithyris? sp. Bison fies. a0 Rensselaeria sp. alpha Reed, 1903, Ann S. African Museum, Vol. IV, pt. III, p. 176-177, pl. XXI, fig. 8. Rensselaeria montaguensis Reed, 1908 pars, Ann. S. African Museum, vol. 1V, p. 401-402, pl. XLVIII, fig. 6, not figs. 5, 7. Exterior—From the available plaster casts and published illus- trations of Reed’s material not much can be said about the exterior except what can be gleaned from the impressions of the interior of the brachial valves. The two valves are subequally biconvex and subcircular in outline. The posterolateral, lateral, and anterior mar- gins are evenly rounded, and the anterior commissure is strongly crenulate. The valves are ornamented by radiating costellae that do not bifurcate anteriorly. Interior of brachial valve—The cardinalia consist of a cardinal plate formed from medially conjunct hinge plates; the whole struc- ture has the form of a cruralium supported basally by a median septum. The median septum 1s posteriorly relatively thick, diminishes in height anteriorly, and extends about one-third of the distance to the anterior margin. The dental sockets are laterally directed. The impress of the external ornamentation extends into the umbonal region. Interior of pedicle valvue—Almost no information is available about the interior of the pedicle valve except that short dental lamellae are present and the muscle field is not well impressed. Remarks.—Reed (1908, p. 402) remarked that his R. sp. alpha is probably identical with R. montaguensis and then went on to say that Schwarz thought R. sp. alpha probably identical with R. relicta (= Pleurothyrella relicta). This is one of those happy situations where everybody is partly correct, as R. montaguensis as figured and described by Reed (op. cit.) includes Pleurothyreila 120 BULLETIN 207 relicta (Reed’s fig. 7), Plewrothyrella africana (Reed’s fig. 5), and Globithyris? sp. (Reed’s fig. 6, which is identical with his R. sp. alpha). Occurrence.—All of these forms occur in the Bokkeveld sand- stone. MISCELLANEOUS RENSSELAEROIDS FROM SOUTH AFRICA Schwarz (1906) and Reed (1906, 1908, 1903) described a variety of radially plicate shells from the Bokkeveld sandstone which they have assigned to various species of Rensselaeria and Derbyina. The bulk of the large forms assigned to Rensselaeria we find to be- long to Pleurothyrella, but the preponderance of the small forms appears to be unassignable. Reed’s Rensselaeria cf. cayuga (1908, p. 402-403, pl. XLVIII, fig. 8; herein, Pl. 40, figs. 3-4) is an unidenti- fiable fragment of an orthotetacid brachiopod, possibly Schuchertella, as evidenced by the flattish, anteriorly bifurcating costellae and the planar nature of the shell fragment. Reed’s Rensselaeria sp.? (1903, p. 178, pl. XXI, fig. 10; herein, Pl. 36, figs. 9-10) is a partially exfo- liated rensselaeroid, probably a brachial valve as it is relatively flat, in which the umbonal region has been partially stripped in such a manner as to give the impression of an extra set of costellae, the specimen being generically unidentifiable. Schwarz’s Rensselaeria hottentot (1906, p. 365, pl. VII, fig. 8; herein, Pl. 36, figs. 18-19) re- assigned by Reed (1925, p. 62-63) to Derbyina, is a small, radially costate shell in which the median costellae are more prominent than is common in rensselaeroids except for Derbyina, but more informa- tion on the internal structures might show the specimen to be rhyn- chospiroid rather than a terebratuloid. Cloud (1942, p. 47) assigned “R.” hottentot questionably to Nanothyris as Schwarz’s figure sug- gests that crural plates are present, but the plastotype shows con- clusively that the figure is misleading; no internal structures are visible, and the prominent median costellae are unlike those known hitherto in any species of Nanothyris. Reed’s Rhynchospira? cf. suvett (1903, p. 188, pl. XXIII, figs. 8-9; herein, Pl. 29, figs. 14-15), which he later (1925, p. 41) reassigned to Derbyina, is a generically unassignable, small, radially costate, flat shell. Reed’s Ptychospira ———— ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 121 variegata (1906, p. 309, pl. XVI, fig. 7; herein, Pl. 29, fig. 13) is a small radially costate, flattish, generically unidentifiable valve in which the suggestion of strong punctation appears from the plasto- type to have been exaggerated by the artist. Schwarz’s Trigeria sim- plex (1906, p. 366, pl. VII, fig. 9; herein, Pl. 19, fig. 1) may be an early growth stage of Plewrothyrella africana. Schwarz’s Trigeria sil- vett Ulrich (1906, p. 367, pl. VII, fig. 10) may be an early growth stage of Scaphiocoeha as suggested by its sulcate brachial valve, which if true would tend to link Scaphiocoelia more closely with the muta- tionellinids as the presence of short dental lamellae and a poorly im- pressed muscle field (op. cit., fig. 10a) would indicate. Reed’s Rensselaeria sp. beta (1903, p. 177, pl. XXI, fig. 9) appears to be an intermediate growth stage of Plewrothyrella relicta, as evidenced by both the cardinalia and the interior of the pedicle valve. Reed’s Trigeria aff. gaudryi (1903, p. 178-179, pl. XI, figs. 11-12) is gen- erically unidentifiable but may be the brachial interior of Pleurothy- rella africana. Schwarz’s Rensselaeria sp. beta (1906, p. 365; herein, PI. 29, fig. 12), assigned questionably by Reed (1925, p. 61) to Tri- geria gydoensts, is an unidentifiable rensselaeroid which is much finer ribbed than Reed’s other forms of “R.” sp. beta. Reed’s Retzia cf. adriem (1903, pl. XXIII, fig. 6; herein, Pl. 36, figs. 7-8), which was later assigned to Derbyina hottentot? (Reed, 1925, p. 206), is gen- erically unassignable. REFERENCES ALLAN, R. S. 1935. The fauna of the Reefton beds (Devonian), New Zealand, with notes on Lower Devonian animal communities in relation to the base of the Devonian system. New Zealand Sur., Pal. Bull., No. 14, p. 1-72, pls. 1-5. 1947. A revision of the brachiopods of the Lower Devonian strata of Reefton, New Zealand. Jour. Paleont., vol. 21, p. 436-452. BOUCOT, A. J. 1959. Brachiopods of the Lower Devonian Rocks at Highland Mills, New York. Jour. Paleont., vol. 33, No. 5, p. 727-769. 1960. Lower Gedinnian brachiopods of Belgium. Mém. Inst. Géol. Lou- vain, t. XXI, p. 283-324. 1960b. Implications of Rhenish Lower Devonian brachiopods from Nova Scotia. Rpt. International Geol. Congress, XXI Session, Norden, Pt. XII Regional Paleogeography, p. 129-137. Sasa See and GILL, E. D. 1956. Australocoelia, a new Lower Devonian brachiopod from South Africa, South America, and Australia. Jour. Paleont., vol. 30, No. 5, p. 1173-1178. 122 BuLLeETIN 207 CLOUD, P. E., JR. 1942. Terebratuloid brachiopods of the Silurian and Devonian. Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Pap., No. 38, 182 p. FLEMING, C. A. 1957a. Paleontology (of Reefton group) in SUGGATE, R. P. 1957, p.32-34. 1957b. Lower Devonian Pelecypoda from Reefton, New Zealand. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Trans. vol. 85, p. 135-140, pls. 14, 15. HILL, Dorothy 1956. The Devonian corals of Reefton, New Zealand. New Zealand Geol. Surv., Paleont. Bull., No. 25, p. 5-14, pls. 1, 2. 1957. The sequence and distribution of Upper Paleozoic coral faunas. Australian Jour. Sci., vol. 9, No. 3a, p. 43-61. KNOD, R. 1908. Devonische Faunen Boliviens. Neues Jahrb. f. Min., Geol. u. Pal., Beil.-Bd. XXV, p. 493-600. KOZLOWSKI, R. 1923. Faune Devonienne de Bolivie. An. de Paleontologie, t. XII, 110 p. LONG, W. E. 1959. Preliminary report of the geology of the Central Range of the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. USNC-IGY Antarctic Glaciological Data Field work 1958 and 1959, Report 825-2-Part VII, 23 p. 1962. Sedimentary rocks of the Buckeye Range, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. Science, vol. 136, No. 3513, p. 319-321. MORGAN, P. G. 1919. The limestone and phosphatic resources of New Zealand. New Zealand Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 22 (new series), 208 p. REED, F. R. C. 1903. Brachiopoda from the Bokkeveld beds. Ann. S. African Mus., vol. IV, p. 165-200. 1906. New fossils from the Bokkeveld beds, South Africa. Geol. Mag., vol. 3, Decade V, p. 301-310. 1908. New fossils from the Bokkeveld beds. Ann. S. African Mus. vol. IV, p. 381-406. 1925. Revision of the fauna of the Bokkeveld beds. Ann. S. African Mus., vol. XXII, p. 27-225. SCHWARZ, E. H. L. 1906. South African Palaeozoic fossils. Records of the Albany Museum (S. Africa), vol. I, pt. VI, p. 348-404. SHIRLEY, J. 1938. The fauna of the Baton River beds (Devonian), New Zealand. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. XCIV, pt. 4, p. 459-605. SUGGATE, R. P. 1957. The geology of the Reefton subdivision. New Zealand Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 56, (new series), p. 1-140. TALENT, J. A. 1963. Devonian brachiopods and corals from the Taravale formation and their bearing on correlation of the Buchan group of eastern Victoria. (In preparation). WOODWARD, A. S. 1921. Fish remains from Upper Old Red Sandstone of Granite Harbour, Antarctica. British Antarctica (“Terra Nova”) Expedition, 1910, Natural History, Rept., Geology, vol. 1, No. 2, p. 51-62. ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucort, et al. 123 APPENDIX Cloudella, nom. nov. for Pleurothyris Cloud (Terebratuloidea ) A. J. Boucot anv J. G. JOHNSON Pleurothyris Cloud, 1942, p. 123, proposed for a Lower De- vonian terebratuloid genus from New Brunswick, is a homonym of Pleurothyris Schrammen, 1912, p. 249 (sponge) and also of Pleuro- thyris Lowe, 1843 (not seen) fide De Laubenfels, 1955, p. E86. We propose Cloudella Boucot & Johnson, nom. nov. to replace Pleurothyris Cloud non Schrammen, non Lowe. The type species of Cloudella is Rensselaeria stewarti Clarke, 1907, New York State Mus. Bull., No. 107, p. 239, 240, 7 figs. on p. 240. REFERENCES CITED Cloud, P. E., Jr. 1942. Terebratuloid brachiopods of the Silurian and Devonian. Geol Soc. America, Spec. Paper, No. 38, 182 p., 26 pls. Laubenfels, M. W. de 1955. Porifera, in Moore, R. C., editor, Treatise on Invertebrate Pale- ontology, Part E, Archaeocyatha and Porifera. P. E. 21-E112, Univ. Kansas Press. Schrammen, A. 1912. Die Kieselspongien der oberen Kreide von Nordwestdeutschland ; II, Triaxonia (Hexactinellida), Palaeontographica, Supp.-Band V, p. 177-385. 126 Figure 1-21. BuLLetin 207 Explanation of Plate 16 Page All figures are impressions except figures 6, 7, 13; all figures & 1. UCM= Univ. of Cincinnati Museum. Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Pleurothyrella africana (Reed, 1906) ..........000000..ccecececeeceeeceeeeeeee Bokkeveld beds, Weltvreden, Vredenhof, near Prince Albert, Cape Province, South Africa. 1. Interior, pedicle view; shows subcircu- lar outline and obsolescent dental lamellae; UCM, No. 35651. 2. In- terior, brachial view; shows impression of bulbous cardinal plate, and myophragm bisecting the adductor field which reaches the mid- length; only the peripheral region is crenulated by the impress of the external ornamentation; UCM, No. 35651. 3. Interior, posterior view shows stubby hinge teeth, obsolescent dental lamellae, and tri- angular cross-section of the medial pair of adductor impressions; UCM, No. 35651. 4. Interior, side view shows apparent subequal convexity of the valves due to canting of the specimen to the right; UCM, No. 35651. 5. Interior, anterior view; shows greater depth of pedicle valve (above) ‘and rectimarginate anterior margin; UCM, No. 35651. 6. Rubber replica of pedicle valve; shows gently in- curved beak; UCM, No. 35652. 7. Rubber replica of pedicle valve shows stubby hinge teeth and obsolescent dental lamellae; UCM, No. 35652. 8. Interior of pedicle valve shows obsolescent dental lamel- lae; UCM, No. 35652. 9. Interior, posterior view shows obsolescent dental lamellae and anteriorly directed crura; UCM, No. 35653. 10. Interior, pedicle view shows obsolescent dental lamellae; UCM, No. 35653. 11. Interior, side view shows greater depth of pedicle valve; UCM, No. 35653. 12. Interior, brachial view shows longitudinally elongate outline and myophragm bisecting adductor field which reaches about one-third the distance to anterior margin; UCM, No. 35653. 13. Rubber replica of posterior portion of interior shows obsolescent dental lamellae and stubby hinge teeth; UCM, No. 35653. 14. Interior, pedicle view shows postero-median myophragm which bisects diductor field; UCM, No. 35654. 15. Interior, posterior view shows obsolescent dental lamellae; UCM, No. 35654. 16. Interior, side view shows greater depth of pedicle valve; UCM, No. 35654. 17. Interior, pedicle view shows peripheral crenulation and obsolescent dental lamellae; UCM, No. 35655. 18. Interior, brachial view shows sealed-off foramen in the cardinal plate and long myophragm bisecting the adductor field; UCM, No. 35655. 19. Interior, side view shows the greater- depth of pedicle valve; UCM, No. 35655. 20. Interior, posterior view shows obsolescent dental lamellae, stubby hinge teeth, and narrow median adductor impressions medially bisected by a low myophragm; UCM No. 35655. 21. Interior, anterior view; shows rectimarginate, crenulate anterior margin (pedicle valve above) ; UCM, No. 35655. PLATE 16 BuLL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL, 46 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 17 Figure ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. Explanation of Plate 17 127 Page All figures are impressions except figures 11, 16; all are % 1 except figure 11, 14, 15. Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1-16. Pleurothyrella africana (Reed, 1906) .o........0ccccecceeee. Bokkeveld beds, Weltvreden, Vredenhof, near Prince Albert, Cape Province, South Africa. 1. Interior, anterior view shows greater depth of pedicle valve (above); UCM, No. 35657. 2. Interior, pedicle view shows almost obsolete dental lamellae; UCM, No. 35657. 3. Interior, brachial view shows impression of bulbous cardinal plate and posterior slit for cardinal process; UCM, No. 35657. 4. Interior, side view shows greater depth of pedicle valve; UCM, No. 35657. 5. Interior, posterior view shows relatively weakly im- pressed adductor field in brachial valve; UCM, No. 35657. 6. Interior, posterior view shows obsolescent dental lamellae and stubby hinge teeth; UCM, No. 35656. 7. Interior, brachial view shows impression of bulbous cardinal plate, and myophragm bisect- ing the adductor field, which extends to abo&t the midlength; UCM, No. 35656. 8. Interior, pedicle view shows peripheral crenulation due to impress of external. ornamentation; UCM, No. 35656. 9. Interior, side view shows greater depth of pedicle valve and profile posteriorly of brachial adductor field; UCM, No. 35656. 10. Interior, anterior view shows greater depth of pedicle valve (above) ; UCM, No. 35656. 11. Rubber replica of posterior portion of interior, X 2; shows obsolescent dental lamellae, sealed-off fora- men below the sessile cardinal plate, and triangular cross-section of medial adductor impressions; UCM, No. 35656. 12. Posterior portion of exterior, shows how umbonal region of brachial valve is directed under that of pedicle valve; UCM, No. 35665. 13. In- terior, brachial view shows two pairs of longitudinally elongate adductor impressions medially bisected by a myophragm; UCM, No. 35666. 14. Interior, brachial view, x 2; shows foramen filling and absence of crural plates; UCM, No. 35667. 15. Interior, brachial view, X 2; shows foramen in cardinal plate; UCM, No. 35668. 16. Rubber replica of posterior portion of exterior, shows incurved beak of pedicle valve; UCM, No. 35665. 128 Figure 1-19. Pleurothyrella africana (Reed, 1906) BuLueTINn 207 Explanation of Plate 18 Page All figures are impressions; all are & 1 except figure 6. Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Bokkeveld beds, Weltvreden, Vredenhof, near Prince Albert, Cape Province, South Africa. 1. Interior brachial view shows impres- sion of bulbous cardinal plate, relatively short myophragm bisect- ing adductor field. 2. Interior side view shows greater depth of pedicle valve. 3. Interior pedicle view shows subcircular outline, obsolescent dental lamellae. 4. Interior anterior view shows recti- marginate, crenulate anterior margin. 5. Interior posterior view shows stubby hinge teeth, anteriorly directed crura. 6. Interior pos- terior view (rubber replica), »X 2, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, stubby hinge teeth. Figs. 1-6, UCM, No. 35659. 7. Interior brachial view shows foramen in cardinal plate. 8. Interior posterior view shows obsolescent dental lamellae. 9. Interior side view shows greater depth of pedicle valve. Figs. 7-9, UCM, No. 35660. 10. Exterior beak region shows strongly incurved pedicle beak. 11. Exterior beak region (rubber replica) shows narrow brachial palintrope. Figs. 10-11, UCM, No. 35658. 12. Interior side view shows greater depth of pedicle valve. 13. Interior brachial view shows foramen in cardinal plate. 14. Interior pedicle view shows obsolescent dental lamellae. 15. Interior posterior view shows obsolescent dental lamellae. Figs. 12-15, UCM, No. 35661. 16. Interior posterior view shows obsolescent dental lamellae, stubby hinge teeth. 17. Interior side view shows obsolescent dental lamellae, secondary deposits in umbonal cavities. 18. Interior pedicle view shows obsolescent dental lamellae. 19. Interior brachial view shows peripheral crenulations, longitudinally elongate outline. Figs. 16-19, UCM, No. 35662. Buti. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 18 PLATE 19 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 129 Explanation of Plate 19 Figure Page All specimens from Bokkeveld beds. Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1. Pleurothyrella?, simplex (Schwarz, 1906)... ' 121 Gydo Pass, Ceres, South Africa. 1. Interior brachial view (rubber replica), 2, showing plication density, well-impressed adductor field; Albany Mus., No. 2589 (pl. 7, fig. 9, Schwarz, 1906). 2-16. Pleurothyrella africama (Reed, 1906) 0.000000. 93 2. Internal posterior impression (plaster replica), % 1, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, stout hinge teeth; S. African Mus., No. 607 (unfigured specimen from Reed, 1906, p. 306-308); Gouritz River, N. of the Langebergen, South Africa. 3. Interior posterior view (rubber replica), < 1, shows prominent myophragm bisecting brachial muscle field, relatively bulbous cardinal plate; same speci- men as fig. 2. 4. Interior posterior view (rubber replica), 1, shows prominent myophragm bisecting bra@hial muscle field, pit at base of cardinal plate marking position of foramen, bulbous cardinal plate, short crural bases, stout dental lamellae supporting stubby hinge teeth, relative shortness of dental lamellae; S. African Mus., No. 607 (unfigured specimen from Reed, 1906, p. 306-308) ; foothills N. of the Langebergen, South Africa. 5. Interior posterior view (rubber replica), x 1, shows prominent myophragm bisecting brachial muscle field, short dental lamellae supporting stout hinge tooth; same locality and catalog number as specimen in fig. 4. 6. Internal posterior impression (plaster replica), & 1, shows form of brachial adductor field, pronounced myophragm; same specimen as fig. 5. 7. Internal posterior impression (plaster cast), 1, shows prominent brachial myophragm, obsolescent dental lamellae in pedicle valve; same specimen as fig. 4. 8. Internal pos- terior impression (plaster cast), >< 2, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, relative valve depths. 9. Internal pedicle impression (plaster cast), X 2, shows deeply impressed muscle field. 10 Internal brachial impression (plaster cast), < 2, shows discrete hinge plates separated by well-defined trough, large myophragm. 11. Internal side impression (plaster cast), X 2, shows depth of brachial adductor impressions. Figures 8-11, 14, S. African Mus., No. 606 (Reed’s Rensselaeria montaguensis pars, 1925, p. 59, which is a medium-sized specimen of Pleurothyrella africana) ; Union- dale, South Africa. 12. Exterior brachial view (plaster cast), x 2, shows form of palintrope. 13. Interior pedicle view (plaster cast), < 1, shows size of costellae; S. African Mus., No. 605 (Reed’s Rensselaeria cf. confluentina Fuchs, 1906, Pl. 16, figs. 6, 6a, which is a medium-sized specimen of Pleurothyrella africana) ; Gouritz River, South Africa. 14. Interior posterior view (rubber replica), x 2, shows discrete hinge plates, median trough, well-developed myophragm. 15. Exterior side view (plaster cast), *« 2, shows incurved pedicle beak. 16. Exterior pedicle view (plaster cast), < 2, shows form and size of costellae. Figs. 12, 15-16, S. African Mus., No. 1610 (Reed’s Rezsselacria montaguensis pars, 1908, pl. 21, figs. 5, 5a, which is a medium-sized specimen of Pleurothyrella africana) ; Montagu, South Africa. 130 BuLLetin 207 Explanation of Plate 20 Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Figure Page 1-11. Pleurothyrella africana (Reed, 1906) 0.0.0.0... cee 93 Bokkeveld beds, Weltvreden, Vredenhof, near Prince Albert, Cape Province, South Africa. 1. Interior brachial view, shows longitudinally elongate outline, slit on posterior portion of cardinal plate for cardinal process. 2. Impression of interior, side view, shows greater pedicle depth, deeply impressed pedicle muscle field emphasized by secondary deposits in umbonal cavities. 3. Impres- sion of interior, pedicle view, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, postero-medially divided diductor field. 4. Impression of interior, posterior view, shows stubby hinge teeth, obsolescent dental lamellae. 5. Impression of interior, anterior view, pedicle valve above, shows rectimarginate, crenulate anterior margin. 6. Posterior portion of interior (rubber replica), shows cardinal process at back of notothyrial cavity. 7. Posterior portion of interior (rubber replica), shows obsolescent dental lamellae, stubby hinge teeth. 8. Exterior brachial view (rubber replica) shows relatively large deltidial plates and large foramen between them. 9. Exterior pedicle view (rubber replica). 10. Exterior brachial view (rubber replica). 11. Impression of beak region. Figs. 1-5, X 1; figs. 6-11, 2, Figs. 1-7, UCM, No. 35663; figs. 8-11, UCM, No. 35664. io — Buu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 20 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 21 ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 131 Explanation of Plate 21 Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Figure Page USNM = U. S. National Museum 1. Pleurothyrella africana (Reed, 1906) 0.000000... 93 Bokkeveld beds, Weltvreden, Vredenhof, near Prince Albert, Cape Province, South Africa. 1. Exterior side view (rubber replica), x 2, shows incurved pedicle beak; UCM, No. 35664. DOP LMALtICUlATE DEACMIOPOG ee ccccessceedesesscsestcesccceesecssessesepecesser sores ers Horlick formation, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. 2. Side view of exfoliated exterior, X 1. 3. Top view of exfoliated exterior, « 1, Both USNM, No. 137741. 4-17. Pleurothyrella antarctica, SP. MOV. .......000....ccccccccecccccceeceeecetteeeeeeeeees 95 Horlick formation, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. 4. Partially exfoliated pedicle exterior shows subcifecular outline, coarse costellae. 5. Posterior portion of interior (rubber replica) shows bulbous, sessile cardinal plate, anteriorly directed crura, obsolescent dental lamellae. 6. Interior impression, posterior view, shows im- pression of bulbous cardinal process, anteriorly directed crura, myophragm bisecting brachial adductor field, obsolescent dental lamellae. 7. Partially exfoliated brachial exterior shows gently incurved pedicle beak, subcircular outline. 8. Partially exfoliated exterior, side view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (to the left), presence of costellae on umbo. 9. Partially exfoliated exterior, posterior view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (pedicle valve above). 10. Partially exfoliated exterior, side view, shows recti- marginate anterior margin (specimen slightly crushed). 11. Partially exfoliated pedicle exterior shows costellae on umbo. 12. Partially exfoliated exterior, posterior view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (pedicle valve above). 13. Partially exfoliated brachial exterior shows costellate umbo. 14. Partially exfoliated exterior, side view, shows gently incurved pedicle beak. 15. Interior impression, side view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve, deeply impressed posterior portions of muscle field in both valves. 16. Interior impression, pedicle view, shows longitudinally elongate outline, coarse costellae, posteriorly deeply impressed muscle field. 17. Interior impression, posterior view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (above), obsolescent dental lamellae. Figs. 4-17 all x 1. Figs. 4, 7-10, USNM, No. 137740b; figs. 5-6, USNM, No. 137740a; figs. 11-14, USNM, No. 137742; figs. 15-17, USNM, No. 137743. 132 BuLLetIn 207 Explanation of Plate 22 Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Figure Page 1-14. Pleurothyrella antarctica, SP. NOV. 2200.00000.ccccccccccececeeceetee cee tteeeee 95 Horlick formation, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. 1. Impression of pedicle interior shows relatively strong, unbranched costellae. 2. Interior impression, side view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (to the right). 3. Interior impression, posterior view, shows costellate umbo. 4. Interior impression, anterior view, shows rec- timarginate, crenulate anterior margin. 5. Partially exfoliated exterior, posterior view, shows incurved pedicle beak. 6. Partially exfoliated exterior, side view, shows gently incurved pedicle umbo. 7. Partially exfoliated pedicle exterior, shows relatively coarse costellae. 8. Partially exfoliated brachial exterior shows costellate umbo. 9. Interior impression, anterior view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (above), rectimarginate crenulate anterior margin. 10. Interior impression, anterior view, shows relatively coarse costellae. 11. Interior impression, pedicle view, shows subcircular shell outline. 12. Interior impression, brachial view, shows impres- sion of bulbous cardinal plate. 13. Interior impression, side view, shows subequal depth of two valves. 14. Interior impression, pos- terior view, shows anteriorly directed crura, obsolescent dental la- mellae. All Figs. x 1. Figs. 1-4, USNM, No. 137744; figs. 5-9, USNM, No. 137745; figs. 10-14, USNM, No. 137746 (holotype). PLATE 22 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 23 ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, et al. 133 Explanation of Plate 23 Figure Page UCMP = Uniy. of California Museum of Paleontology Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1-17. Pleurothyrella antarctica, SP. NOV. .........ccccccccccccceceecsseeeeeeeveseeeees 95 Horlick formation, Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. 1. Interior im- pression, anterior view, < 2; apparent curvature of commissure is due to breakage of anteriormost portion of steinkern. 2. Posterior view, interior impression, * 1, shows filling of trough between hinge plates and short dental lamellae. 3. Impression of pedicle interior, X 1, shows short dental lamellae, relatively coarse costellae, poorly impressed muscle field. 4. Impression of brachial interior, X 1, shows prominent myophragm dividing adductor field. 5. Interior impression, side view, X 1, shows greater depth of pedicle valve. 6. Interior impression, anterior view, < 1, shows rectimarginate commissure. 7. Interior impression, posterior view, x 1, shows relatively short dental lamellae. 8gImpression of pedicle interior, X 1, shows relatively coarse costellae. 9. Impression of brachial interior, * 1, shows myophragm dividing weakly im- pressed adductor field. 10. Interior impression, side view, 1, shows relative depth of valves. 11. Impression of pedicle interior, < 2, shows relatively short dental lamellae, weakly impressed muscle field. 12. Impression of brachial interior, % 2, shows weakly impressed myophragm, subcircular outline. 13. Interior impression, anterior view, X 2, shows greater depth of pedicle valve, rectimarginate commissure. 14. Interior impression, posterior view, < 2, shows short dental lamellae, discrete hinge plates. 15. Impression of brachial interior, 2, shows relatively coarse costellae, weakly impressed myophragm. 16. Interior impression, posterior view, xX 2, shows relatively short dental lamellae. 17. Impression of pedicle interior, & 2, shows weakly impressed muscle field. Figs. 1-5, UCMP, No. 30743; figs. 6-10, UCMP, No. 30745; figs. 11-14, UCMP, No. 30748; figs. 15-17, UCMP, No. 30744. 18-19. Unidentified terebratuloid or rhynchospirid ...............000.000........ 120 Bokkeveld beds, Hottentot’s Kloof, Ceres, South Africa. 18. Brachial exterior (rubber replica), < 3, shows prominent medial costellae. 19. Brachial exterior (plaster cast) X 3, shows prominent median interspace. Both Albany Mus., No. 2578 (Schwarz’s “Rensselaeria” hottentot, 1906, pl. VII, fig. 8). 134 Figure BuLLETIN 207 Explanation of Plate 24 Page All figures X 1. Engraving of figures reduced to about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1-5, 11-15. Pleurothyrella knodi (Clarke, 1913) 2.0.0.0... Lower part of Icla beds, Totora, Bolivia. 1. Impression of pedicle interior, shows impress of radial ornamentation peripherally, strong growth lines, elongate valve outline, smooth umbonal region, longitudinally elongate diductor field posteriorly bisected by short myophragm. 2. Impression of brachial interior, shows smooth umbonal region, relatively long median myophragm, short lateral myophragm. 3. Interior impression, side view, shows deeply im- pressed pedicle muscle field, greater depth of pedicle valve. 4. Interior impression, anterior view, shows rectimarginate, crenulate anterior margin. 5. Interior impression, posterior view, shows short crural bases, slit for cardinal process, relatively strong median myophragm, lateral myophragms which laterally bound and medi- ally bisect brachial adductor field, almost obsolescent dental lamellae and short myophragm of pedicle valve. Figs. 1-5, Coll. Geol. Sorbonne, 58.007. 11. Interior impression, anterior view, shows rectimarginate crenulate anterior margin. 12. Interior im- pression, posterior view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (above), obsolescent dental lamellae. 13. Impression of pedicle interior shows longitudinally elongate outline. 14. Impression of brachial interior shows medium-sized costellae, myophragm ex- tending only about one-third distance to anterior margin. 15. Interior impression shows strong concentric growth lines, poster- iorly weakly impressed muscle field of pedicle valve (to left). Figs. 11-15, Coll. Geol. Sorbonne, 58.005; lectotype. 6-105. "Cryptonella? spe. ee ee Lower part of Icla beds, Totora, Bolivia. 6. Interior impression, anterior view, shows rectimarginate anterior margin (brachial valve above, valve slightly canted downward). 7. Interior impression, pos- terior view, shows short dental Jamellae. 8. Interior impression, side view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (to right). 9. Impres- sion of pedicle interior shows impress of concentric growth lines. 10. Impression of brachial interior shows concave cardinal] plate. Figs. 6-10, Coll. Geol. Sorbonne, 58.010. Buu. AMER. PALEONT., VoL. 46 PLATE 24 PLATE 25 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 Figure ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 135 Explanation of Plate 25 Page 1-7. Pleurothyrella knodi (Clarke, 1913) 0.0... 98 Lower part of Icla beds, Totora, Bolivia. 1. Impression of pedicle interior, * 1, shows strong peripheral impress of external orna- mentation, short, posteriorly situated myophragm, longitudinally elongate diductor field. 2. Impression of brachial interior, % 3, shows elliptical slit occupied by cardinal process. 3. Impression of brachial interior, 2, shows elliptical slit occupied by cardinal process, relatively flat cardinal plate. 4. Interior posterior view (rubber replica), 3, shows posteriorly situated, scoop-shaped cardinal process on broad cardinal plate, almost obsolescent dental lamellae, myophragm bisecting adductor field medially. 5. Interior impression, posterior view, < 3, shows elliptical slit left by solu- tion of cardinal process, short myophragm bisecting brachial adduc- tor field (above), similar structure bisecting pedicle diductor field. 6. Impression of pedicle interior, < 1, shows nearly obsolescent dental lamellae, elongate, paired diductor impressions posteriorly separated by short myophragm, elongate adjistor pit, open delthy- rium. 7. Pedicle interior (rubber replica), 1, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, smooth umbonal region, open delthyrium, short, posteriorly situated myophragm. Figs. 1-5, Coll. Geol. Sorbonne, 58.009; figs. 6-7, Coll. Geol. Sorbonne, 58.006. 136 BuLLetIn 207 Explanation of Plate 26 Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Figure Page 1-2. Pleurothyrella knodi (Clarke, 1913) 0.000000 98 Lower part of Icla beds, Totora, Bolivia. 1. Pedicle interior (rubber replica), 2, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, smooth umbonal region, open delthyrium, short, posteriorly situated myophragm. 2. Pedicle interior, < 2, shows almost completely obsolescent dental lamellae, elongate paired diductor impressions posteriorly separated by short myophragm, elongate adductor pit, open delthyrium. Both Coll. Geol. Sorbonne, 58.006. 3-11. Pleurothyrella venusta, SP. NOV. .2....0.....0..00.002ccccccceccecceeeeceeeeeeeeeeereees 100 Lower quartzite of Reefton beds, loose boulders in Lankey Creek, Reefton, New Zealand. 3. Impression of pedicle interior, posterior view, < 3, shows obsolescent dental lamellae; USNM, No. 137751. 4. Impression of pedicle interior, posterior view, < 3, shows obso- lescent dental lamellae; USNM, No. 137751. 5. Pedicle exterior (rubber replica), »* 1, shows bifurcating costellae, costellate umbonal region; USNM, No. 137752. 6. Impression of pedicle exterior, < 1, shows bifurcating costellae; USNM, No. 137752A. 7. Impression of pedicle interior, posterior view. < 1, shows strongly impressed muscle field; USNM, No. 137752B. 8. Impression of pedi- cle interior, < 1, shows obsolescent dental lamellae; USNM, No. 137752B. 9. Impression of brachial interior, X 2, shows foramen filling, myophragm subdividing muscle field; USNM, No. 137749. 10. Impression of brachial interior, < 2, shows foramen filling, weakly impressed muscle field; USNM, No. 137753. 11. Impression of brachial interior, x 2, shows foramen filling; USNM, No. 137753. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 26 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 27 Figure 1-8, 10. ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucort, et al. 137 Explanation of Plate 27 Page All figures are * 2. Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. NZGS = New Zealand Geological Survey Pleurothyrella venusta, SP. NOV. .......00.0.cccccccccccccecteteeeeeeeeseteee 100 Stoney Creek, Reefton, New Zealand; boulders from quartzite below mudstone (collected by C. A. Fleming, Aug. 1956). Sheet District, $38, Grid. Ref. 363252, Sheet Fossil Loc. No. $38/619, Coll. No. GS 6737. 1. Exterior, side view (rubber replica) ; NZGS, No. BR1123. 2. Pedicle exterior (rubber replica), NZGS, No. BR1123, shows bifurcating plications. 3. Brachial exterior (rubber replica) ; NZGS, No. BR1125. 4. Exterior (rubber replica), pos- terior view; NZGS, No. BR1125. 5. Exterior (rubber replica), side view, NZGS, No. BR1125, shows incurved beak of pedicle valve. 6. Brachial exterior (rubber replica), NZGS, No. BR1124, shows bifurcating plications. 7. Exterior (rubber, replica), side view, NZGS, No. BR1124, shows incurved beak* of pedicle valve. 8. Exterior (rubber replica), posterior view; NZGS, No. BRI1124. 10. Exterior (rubber replica), posterior view; NZGS, No. BR1123. Pleurothyrella venusta, SP. MOV. ................cccccccccccecececceceeceseeeeeeeeees 100 Reefton beds, loose boulders, Lankey Creek, Reefton, New Zealand. 9. Impression of pedicle interior, posterior view, shows obsolescent dental lamellae; USNM, No. 137750. 138 BuLLETIN 207 Explanation of Plate 28 Figure Page CB = Canterbury Museum Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1. Pleurothyrella venusta, SP. NOV. .............0.0cccccccccccccccceceeeceeceeeeteeeeeeeee: 100 Stoney Creek, Reefton, New Zealand; boulders from quartzite below mudstone; collected by C. A. Fleming, Aug. 1956. Sheet District, $38; Grid. Ref. 363252; Sheet Fossil Loc. No. $38/619; Coll. No. GS 6737. 1. Exterior posterior view (rubber replica), x 2, NZGS, No. BR1124. 2-5. Pleurothyrella venusta, SP. MOV. .................00000ccccccccccecececececeeceeeeeeeeeeess 100 Lower quartzite of Reefton beds, loose boulders in Lankey Creek, Reefton, New Zealand. 2. Impression of brachial interior, * 1, shows sealed-off foramen filling, myophragm bisecting muscle field which reaches to midlength; USNM, No. 137748. 3. Brachial interior (rubber replica), * 1, shows relatively flat cardinal plate, narrow palintrope; USNM, No. 137748. 4. Impression of pedicle interior, < 1, shows umbonal chamber; USNM, No. 137747. 5. Pedicle interior (rubber replica), x 2, shows gently incurved beak, stubby hinge teeth, obsolescent dental lamellae; USNM, No. 137747. 6-13. Pleurothyrella venusta, SP. NOV. ...0...00...........0cccccccceceeeeetteeeeeceeeetteeeees 100 Loose boulders in Lankey Creek, 100 yards upstream from Stoney Creek junction, Reefton, New Zealand. 6. Anterior view. 7. Lateral view. 8. Brachial view. 9. Pedicle view. 10. Pedicle view. 11. Pos- terior view. 12. Lateral view. 13. Brachial view. Figs. 6-13, para- types; figs. 6-9, CB, B. 303; figs. 10-13, CB, B. 304. PLATE 28 Bub. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 29 Figure 1-11. 12. 13. 14-15. Antarctica DrEvoNnIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucort, et al. 139 Explanation of Plate 29 Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Pleurothyrella venusta, SP. MOV. 0.00000 eeeeee. 100 Loose boulders in Lankey Creek, 100 yards upstream from Stoney Creek junction, Reefton, New Zealand. 1. Brachial view of para- type; CB, B. 302. 2. Pedicle view of paratype; CB, B. 302. 3. Posterior view of paratype; CB, B. 302. 4. Anterior view of para- type; CB, B. 304 (also figured in Pl. 28, figs. 10-13). 5. Posterior view of somewhat immature pedicle valve shows dental lamellae; CB, B. 300 (specimen subsequently damaged by excavating delthy- rial region). 6. Pedicle view of holotype, CB, B. 301. 7. Brachial view of holotype; CB, B. 301. 8. Impression of exterior shows anteriorly bifurcating costellae; CB, B. 305. 9. Enlarged view of pedicle musculature, holotype specimen; CB, B. 301. 10. Posterior view of holotype; CB, B. 301. 11. Posterior view of brachial valve shows cardinal plate (the mould of the perforation of the cardinal plate was complete on etching); CB, B. 30%. Figs. egy NO, Se ie figs. 9, 11, x 5. Unidentified rensselaeroid 2.2.2.0... coooooccoeveeveecceeev eevee. 121 Bokkeveld beds, Boschluis Kloof, Ladismith, South Africa. 12. Brachial exterior (rubber replica), XX 2, shows relatively fine costellae; Albany Mus., No. 2602 (Schwarz’s Rezsselacria sp. beta, 1906, p. 365, which Reed, 1925, p. 61, assigned questionably to Trigeria gydoensis). Unidentified terebratuloid or rhynchospiroid ..................... 121 Bokkeveld beds, locality unknown, South Africa. 13. Brachial ex- terior (rubber replica), xX 2. Reed’s Ptychospira variegata (1906, p. 309, pl. XVI, fig. 7) as represented by this specimen is unassign- able. Unidentified terebratuloid or rhynchospiroid ...........00.0000......... 120 Bokkeveld beds, Warm Bokkeveld or Gydo Pass, Ceres, South Africa (this specimen, listed from Gydo Pass, is on the same slab as a specimen of Stropheodonta cf. concinna listed from Warm Bok- keveld). 14. Exterior (plaster cast). 15. Exterior (rubber replica). Both xX 2; both S. African Mus., No. 807/131 (Reed’s Rhyncho- spira? cf. silveti, 1903, p. 188, pl. XXIII, figs. 8-9, which is gen- erically unassignable). 140 BULLETIN 207 Explanation of Plate 30 Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Figure Page 1-7. Globithyris? sp. 0.0.00... suse badigeenanleacs lnsneee Ue teen ae en 119 Bokkeveld beds. 1. Brachial interior (rubber replica), X 2, shows prominent median septum supporting cardinal plate formed from medially fused hinge plates. This is Reed’s Rensselacria sp. alpha (1903, pl. XXI, fig. 8), which is a globithyrinid as shown by its prominent median septum rather than a myophragm. S. African Mus., No. 149; Assegai Bosch, Roode Berg, Ladismith, South Africa. 2. Brachial interior (rubber replica), X 2, shows prominent median septum (replica imperfect in area of cardinal plate, where bubbles broke giving impression of concave extremities) ; unfigured specimen on same slab as that in fig. 1. 3. Brachial in- terior (plaster cast), X 2, shows prominent median septum; S. African Mus., No. 1611; Montagu, South Africa. This is Reed’s Rensselaeria montaguensis pars (1908, pl. 48, fig. 6), which is a globithyrinid as shown by its prominent median septum. 4. Interior, posterior view (plaster cast), X 2, shows prominent median septum, anteriorly directed crural processes; same specimen as fig. 3. 5. Interior, posterior view (rubber replica), < 2, shows form of median septum; same specimen as fig. 3. 6. Brachial interior (plaster cast), < 1, shows prominent median septum; same speci- men as fig. 1. 7. Brachial interior (plaster cast), X 1, shows promi- nent median septum; same specimen as fig. 2. 8-18. ““‘Cryptonella? Spe 22. ccs. cos geneheee eee ee 117 Lower quartzite of Reefton beds, loose boulders in Lankey Creek, Reefton, New Zealand. 8. Impression of pedicle interior shows short dental lamellae. 9. Impression of brachial interior shows convex impression of concave cardinal plate just anterior of filling of delthyrium. 10. Interior impression, side view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (to right). 11. Interior impression, posterior view, shows greater depth of pedicle valve (above), short dental lamellae. 12. Interior impression, anterior view, shows rectimar- ginate anterior margin. 13. Impression of brachial interior, post- erior view, shows foramen filling, absence of crural plates. 14. Impression of brachial exterior shows smooth exterior. 15. Im- pression of pedicle interior, posterior view, shows dental lamellae, stubby hinge teeth. 16. Impression of brachial exterior shows con- centric growth lines. 17. Impression of brachial interior shows two pairs of adductor impressions medially bisected by myophragm. 18. Impression of pedicle interior shows short dental lamellae. Figs. 8-18, x 1. Figs. 8-12, 14, USNM, No. 137756; figs. 13, 16, 17, USNM, No. 137754; figs. 15-18, USNM, No. 137755. BuLL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 ; PLATE 30 ~ _ y % y PLATE 31 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucot, ct al. 141 Explanation of Plate 31 Figure Page All figures & 1. Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1-2. Pleurothyrella relicta (Schwarz, 1906) .........00.000000....... 105 Bokkeveld beds. 1a. Pedicle interior (rubber replica) shows stubby hinge teeth; S. African Mus., No. 1612 (Reed’s Rensselacria mon- taguensis pars, 1908, pl. 48, fig. 7, which belongs to P. relicta as evidenced by its coarse plications). 1b. Pedicle interior (plaster cast) shows coarse costellae, obsolescent dental lameilae; same specimen as la. 2a. Brachial interior (rubber replica) shows fora- menate cardinal plate, well-developed myophragm, anteriorly di- rected crural processes; Albany Mus., No. 93 (Schwarz’s holotype). 2b. Brachial interior (plaster cast) shows well-impressed muscle field, coarse costellae; Albany Mus., No. 93. 3-9. Mendathyris mainensis (Williams, 1900) .........00.00....... ae os Soa 107 Chapman sandstone, Grindstone, Presque Isk@ Stream, Presque Isle Quadrangle, Maine. 3a-b. Late stage; impression of brachial in- terior shows relatively bulbous cardinal plate, transverse markings on lateral adductor impressions, myophragm anterior of cardinal plate; USNM, No. 137757. 4a-b. Middle stage; impression of bra- chial interior shows foramen filling, posteriorly directed myo- phragm reaching into notothyrial cavity, transverse markings on lateral adductor impressions; USNM, No. 137758. 5a-b. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior shows anterior extent of myo- phragm (foramen filling broken in this specimen), absence of cren- ulations in umbonal region; USNM No. 137759. 6a-b. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior shows foramen filling, extent of myophragm, transverse markings on lateral adductor impressions; USNM, No. 137760. 7a-b. Middle stage; impression of brachial in- terior shows foramen filling, extent of myophragm, absence of cren- ulations in umbonal region; USNM, No. 137761. 8a-b. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior showing foramen filling, absence of crenulations in umbonal region; USNM, No. 137762. 9a-b. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior shows foramen filling, extent of myophragm; USNM, No. 137763. 142 Figure 1-12. Mendathyris mainensis (Williams, 1900) BULLETIN 207 Explanation of Plate 32 Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Page Chapman sandstone, Grindstone, Presque Isle Stream, Presque Isle Quadrangle, Maine. 1a-b. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior, X 2, shows posteriorly projecting impressions of lateral adductors which give rise to notch simulating crural plate; USNM, No. 137764. 2a-b. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior, x 2, shows well-impressed muscle field, notches which simulate crural plates; USNM, No. 137765. 3a-b. Early stage; impression of brachial interior, X 2, shows absence of well-impressed muscle scars, presence of costellae in umbonal cavity; USNM, No. 137766. 4a-b. Early stage; impression of brachial interior, X 3, shows well- defined myophragm, absence of well-impressed muscle scars; USNM, No. 137767. 5a-b. Early stage; impression of brachial in- terior, X 3, shows prominent myophragm, costellae in umbonal re- gion, absence of well-impressed muscle scars; USNM, No. 137768. 6a-b. Early stage; impression of brachial interior, & 3, shows prominent myophragm, costellae in umbonal region, absence of well-impressed muscle scars; USNM, No. 137769. 7a-b. Early stage; impression of brachial interior, * 3, shows prominent myophragm, costellae in umbonal region, absence of well-impressed muscle scars; USNM, No. 137770. 8a-b. Early stage; impression of brachi- al interior, X 3, shows prominent myophragm, costellae in umbonal region, absence of well-impressed muscle scars; USNM, No. 137771. 9a-b. Early stage; impression of brachial interior, x 3, shows prominent myophragm, costellae in umbonal region, absence of well-impressed muscle scars; USNM, No. 137772. 10a-b. Early stage; impression of brachial interior, X 3, shows prominent myo- phragm, costellae in umbonal region, absence of well-impressed muscle scars; USNM, No. 137773. 1la-b. Late stage; impression of pedicle interior, <1, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, short myo- phragm at posterior end of muscle field, continuity of umbonal chamber and muscle field; USNM, No. 137774. 12a-b. Late stage; impression of pedicle interior, x 1, shows obsolescent dental la- mellae, short myophragm at posterior end of muscle field, continui- ty of umbonal chamber and muscle field; USNM, No. 137776. Buu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 32 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 33 Figure ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucor, et al. 143 Explanation of Plate 33 Page Figures 1-3 & 1; 4-9 &% 2; 10-15 & 3. Engraving of figures re- duced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1-15. Mendathyris mainensis (Williams, 1900) 107 Chapman sandstone, Grindstone, Presque Isle Stream, Presque Isle Quadrangle, Maine. la-b. Late stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows obsolescent dental lamellae, short myophragm at posterior end of muscle field, continuity of umbonal chamber and muscle field; USNM, No. 137775. 2a-b. Middle stage; impression of pedi- cle interior, shows constriction between umbonal chamber and _ pos- terior portion of muscle field, short dental lamellae; USNM, No. 137777. 3a-b. Middle stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows con- striction between umbonal chamber and posterior portion of muscle field, absence of prominent myophragm at posterior of muscle field, short dental lamellae; USNM, No. 137778. 4a-b. Middle stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows constriction between umbonal chamber and posterior portion of muscle field, absence of prominent myophragm at posterior of muscle field, short dental lamellae; USNM, No. 140092. 5a-b. Middle stage; impression of pedicle in- terior, shows constriction between umbonal chamber and posterior portion of muscle field, absence of prominefit myophragm at pos- terior of muscle field, absence of short dental lamellae; USNM, No. 140092a. 6a-b. Middle stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows constriction between umbonal chamber and posterior portion of muscle field, absence of prominent myophragm at posterior of muscle field, absence of short dental lamellae; USNM, No. 140088. 7a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of differentiation between umbonal chamber and muscle field, absence of deeply impressed muscle field, costellae on umbonal region; USNM, No. 140089. 8a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of differen- tiation between umbonal chamber and muscle field, absence of deeply impressed muscle field, costellae on umbonal region; USNM, No. 140090. 9a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of differentiation between umbonal chamber and muscle field, absence of deeply impressed muscle field, costellae in umbonal region; USNM, No. 140091. 10a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of differentiation between umbonal chamber and muscle field, absence of deeply impressed muscle field, costellae on um- bonal region; USNM, No. 140091a. 1la-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of dif- ferentiation between umbonal chamber and muscle field, absence of deeply impressed muscle field, costellae on umbonal region; USNM, No. 140093. 12a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of differentiation between um- bonal chamber and muscle field, absence of deeply impressed muscle field, costellae on umbonal region; USNM, No. 140093a. 13a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of differentiation between umbonal cham- ber and muscle field, absence of deeply impressed muscle field, cos- tellae on umbonal region; USNM, No. 140093b. 14a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle interior, shows short dental lamellae, absence of differentiation between umbonal chamber and muscle field, ab- sence of deeply impressed muscle field, costellae on umbonal region, USNM, No. 140093c. 15a-b. Early stage; impression of pedicle in- terior, shows short dental Jamellae, absence of differentiation be- tween umbonal chamber and muscle field, absence of deeply im- pressed muscle field, costellae on umbonal region; USNM, No. 140093d. 144 BULLETIN 207 Explanation of Plate 34 Figure Page Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1-5. “Mutationella” sp. ......... Sheguaitl Mb ieastathak ileal Myo 109 Sandstone of Lower Devonian age (see Boucot and Gill, 1956, p. 1176), Comorapo-Tunal region, Dept. Santa Cruz, Bolivia. USNM, No. 126164E. 1. Impression of pedicle interior. 2. Impression of bra- chial interior. 3. Interior impression, side view. 4. Interior impres- sion, posterior view. 5. Interior impression, anterior view. All X 3. 6-16. Mutationella parlinensis, Sp. NOV. ................0..0000 cc ccc ooccececcceccceccceeceeee 110 Lower sandstone of Tarratine formation, Locality SD-2718, Long Pond quadrangle, Somerset County, Maine. 6. Impression of bra- chial interior, x 2; USNM, No. 126178A; holotype. 7. Interior im- pression, posterior view, X 2; USNM, No. 126178A; holotype. 8. Impression of pedicle interior, X 1; USNM, No. 126178A; holo- type. 9. Interior impression, anterior view, < 1; USNM, No. 126178A; holotype. 10. Pedicle exterior (rubber replica), Xx 1; USNM, No. 126173B. 11. Interior impression, side view, X 1; USNM, No. 126178A; holotype. 12. Impression of brachial interior, x 2; USNM, No. 126168A; 13. Impression of brachial interior, X 2; USNM, No. 126185A. 14. Brachial exterior (rubber replica), x 2: USNM, No. 126186. 15. Pedicle interior (rubber replica), x 2; USNM, No. 126166B. 16. Pedicle interior (rubber replica) x 2; USNM, No. 126171. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 3 B Ri « ' * \ 5 { y PLATE 35 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 ANTARCTICA DEVONIAN TEREBRATULOID: Boucort, et al. 145 Explanation of Plate 35 Figure Page Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. 1-2. Mutationella parlinensis, sp. nov. .............0.0............ 110 Lower sandstone of ’arratine formation, Locality SD-2718, Long Pond quadrangle, Somerset County, Maine. 1. Impression of pedi- cle interior, x 2; USNM, No. 126171. 2. Impression of pedicle in- terior, X 2; USNM, No. 126166B. 3-16. Cloudella matagamoni, sp. nov. .................0.0........ eae eee sc ba be: Matagamon sandstone, Locality SD-3608, Traveler Mountain quad- rangle, Penobscot County, Maine. 3. Impression of pedicle interior, x 3; USNM, No. 126179A. 4. Brachial exterior (rubber replica), <3; holotype; USNM, No. 126172. 5. Impression of brachial] ex- terior, X 3; holotype; USNM, No. 126172. 6. Impression of brachial interior, X 3; holotype; USNM, No. 126172. 7. Impression of bra- chial interior, X 3; USNM, No. 126174B. 8. Brachial interior (rub- ber replica), x 3; USNM, No. 126174B. 9. pression of brachial interior, X 4; USNM, No. 126176A. 10. Brachial exterior (rubber replica), X 4; USNM, No. 126176B. 11. Impression of brachial in- terior, X 3; USNM, No. 126211B. 12. Impression of brachial in- terior, X 3; USNM, No. 126175B. 13. Pedicle exterior (rubber replica), X 3; USNM, No. 126170. 14. Impression of pedicle in- terior, X 4; USNM, No. 126169A. 15. Impression of brachial] in- terior, x 3; USNM, No. 126211A. 16. Brachial interior (rubber replica), X 3; USNM, No. 126175B. 146 Figure 1-6. 7-8. 9-10. 11-13. BULLETIN 207 Explanation of Plate 36 Page Engraving of figures reduced about 1/10 of measurement cited. Reeftonella neozelanica (Allan, 1935) 9.0.0.0... ee sd 117 Reefton beds, loose boulders, Lankey Creek, Reefton, New Zealand. 1. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior shows foramen (middle part broken out), anterior position of Jateral adductor im- pressions; USNM, No. 139903. 2. Middle stage; impression of bra- chial interior shows foramen, anterior position of lateral adductor impressions; USNM, 139904. 3. Middle stage; impression of bra- chial interior shows foramen, anterior position of lateral adductor impressions; USNM, No. 139906. 4. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior shows foramen, anterior position of lateral ad- ductor impressions; USNM, No. 139905. 5. Middle stage; impres- sion of brachial interior shows foramen, anterior position of lateral adductor impressions; USNM, No. 139907. 6. Middle stage; impres- sion of brachial interior shows foramen, anterior position of lateral adductor impressions; USNM, No. 139908. Figures 1—6, «K Unidentified terebratuloid? .2...............ccccccccccccecccecccceecececceeeeeeeeeeeeess 121 Bokkeveld beds, Gydo Pass, Ceres, South Africa. 7. Pedicle interior (plaster cast) (Reed’s Retzia cf. adrieni, 1903, pl. XXIII, fig. 6, which is generically unidentifiable). 8. Pedicle interior (rubber replica). Both, X 2; S. African Mus., No. 153. Unidentified rensselaeroid .....0.............cccceccccececccecccceeeeceeceeeeceesessteess 120 Bokkeveld beds, locality unknown, South Africa. 9. Brachial ex- terior (rubber replica) shows coarse costellae, flat form of valve. In umbonal region partially stripped costellae give impression of greater number of costellae. Reed’s Rensselaeria sp.? (1903, pl. XXI, fig. 10), which resembles Pleurothyrella relicta in coarse ornament but which cannot be assigned without information about interior. 10. Brachial exterior (plaster cast). Both, X 1; S. African Mus., No. 805/152. Mutationella falklandica (Clarke, 1913) .....00........0ceceeeceeeee 109 Strata of Lower Devonian age, Port Howard, East Falkland. 11. Impression of brachial interior, X 1; New York State Mus., No. 8479. 12. Impression of interior, posterior view, X 1; New York State Mus. No. 8478. 13. Impression of brachial exterior, xX 1; New York State Mus. No. 8477. 6 PLATE 3 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 37 Figure Reefton beds, loose boulders, Lankey Creek, Reefton, New Zealand. 1. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior, % 2, showing foramen, anterior position of lateral adductor impressions; USNM, No. 139909. 2. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior, 2, shows foramen, anterior position of lateral adductor impressions ; USNM, No. 139910. 3. Middle stage; impression of brachial in- terior, < 2, shows foramen, anterior position of lateral adductor impressions; USNM, No. 139911. 4. Middle stage; impression of brachial interior, textrtig. 335 Coley 1961 pels) Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): COoLe 16] 6—Kahajan (report no. 105-Kah. I, no. 239, 231.4-232.4 m.); specimen is a gift from I. M. van der Vlerk (reference: Cole, 1961, p. 138). VARIATIONS BETWEEN SPECIMENS OF LEPIDOCYCLINA RADIATA (Martin) In 1945 Cole (a, p. 292) described Lepidocychna oneataensis as a new species, the type of which was obtained from locality 1. Specimens from this locality were restudied later (Cole, 1960, p. 136), and the conclusion was reached that L. oneataensis was a synonym of L. radiata (Martin). In addition, seven formerly recog- nized Indo-Pacific species of Lepidocyclina were placed in the syn- onymy of L. radiata. Van der Vlerk (1961) restudied the typeof L. radiata (Martin). The description and illustrations which he published supplied essen- tial details of the internal structure of L. radiata which had not been known. However, Van der Vlerk (1961, p. 622) decided that he would have to complete additional studies before expressing an opinion on the synonymy of L. radiata which had been suggested by Cole (1960). In 1962 Eames, et al., (b, p. 303) concluded that all the species which Cole (1960, p. 137) had placed in the synonymy of Lepidocy- china radiata were valid and could be recognized readily. Moreover, they (Eames, et al., 19626, p. 293) considered that these species “had different stratigraphic ranges.” Three important questions are apparent because of the con- clusions of Van der Vlerk and Eames, et al. Is there only one species at locality 1? If so, is this species L. radiata (Martin)? Is the synonymy proposed by Cole logical? Variability between specimens of species can best be demon- strated by an analysis of individuals from a single population, par- ticularly one in which only a single species occurs. Locality 1 is ideal as specimens are abundant and well preserved. From locality 1 illustrations of 41 specimens are available as follows: Source Illustration Kind of ulustration Cole (1945) pl. 26, figs. A-D Equatorial sections pl. 26, figs. E-H Vertical sections 162 BULLETIN 208 jolls Aer, rifece, SL |) External views Cole (1960) pl. 1, figs. 1-3, 6-8, 10; Equatorial sections ples, tee 7, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5 Vertical sections Cole (1961) pl. 1, tig: 1 Equatorial section Cole (1962 ) Disses 2 Equatorial sections This article PI. 42, figs. 1-4; Pl. 43, Equatorial sections mess Mase lel, 42k iiss, ie PAT ties Ply 43, tig 4; Pas. Vertical sections figs. 4-6 lA), 465. wigs, 2, 4b, 6 External views In a previous study (Cole, 1962, p. 35, 36) data were given, based on 28 specimens from locality 1, on the kind of embryonic chambers which these specimens had. These same data are given for 56 specimens in Tables 1 and 2. It should be emphasized that the specimens from locality 1 have similar internal structures and could not be separated except by the shape of the embryonic chambers. Specimens without a rim (Pl. 45, fig. 6), with a rim without rays (PI. 45, fig. 2), and with a rim with rays (PI. 45, fig. 4) were sectioned. In every case the equa- torial and lateral chambers were similar. Therefore, if more than one species were present at locality 1, the only distinguishing struc- ture would be the shape and arrangement of the embryonic chambers. Table 1 shows that about 73 percent of the specimens from locality 1 had bilocular embryonic chambers which varied from nephrolepidine (PI. 42, figs. 1,3, 4) through eulepidine (Cole, 1945, pl: 26, fig. As 1960) pl. Ih fie. 2) to teyblrolepidime (Riga eauceey = The remaining 27 percent have embryonic chambers of irregular kind of which about 18 percent were trilocular. The specimens with irregular embryonic chambers interconnect as a series with those with bilocular embryonic chambers through the specimen illustrated as figure 3, Plate 43. This specimen origi- nated from a mass of cytoplasm in which there were two nuclei, both of which were responsible for the formation of the nearly normal, Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): Cote 163 Table 1—Number and percent of regular and irregular embryonic chambers in L. radiata from locality 1 Kind of embryonic Number of chamber specimens Percent Bilocular 4] Tt Trilocular 10 17.8 Otherwise irregular 5 8.9 ‘Totals 56 99.9 Table 2——Number and percent of specimens of L. radiata from locality 1 arranged according i kind of embryonic chambers Kind of embryonic Number of chamber specimens Percent Nephrolepidine 13 DID Eulepidine 17 30.3 Trybliolepidine 11 19.6 Trilocular 10 17.8 “Twinned” trilocular 1 ies “Twinned” trilocular and multilocular 1 NEF “Twinned” multilocular 1 7 Multilocular 2 3.6 Totals 56, 99.6 large, initial embryonic chamber. After its development one nucleus produced as a second embryonic chamber the aborted small chamber on the right side of the initial chamber, whereas the other nucleus, which became the dominant one, caused the formation of the normal, large, second embryonic chamber. In specimens, such as the ones illustrated by figure 2, Plate 43; figure 5, Plate 46; and figure 5, Plate 47, a mass of cytoplasm with two nuclei caused the formation of trilocular embryonic cham- 164 : BuLvetin 208 bers. The central chamber of such an embryonic set corresponds to the initial chamber of a bilocular set. A mass of cytoplasm in which there are more than two nuclei resulted in the formation of multi- locular embryonic chambers (PI. 43, fig. 1). It has been demonstrated in Lepidocychina pustulosa H. Dou- villé (Cole, 1960, pl. 2, fig. 5; 1962, pl. 7, figs. 1, 5) and in Lepidocy- clina vaughant Cushman (Cole, 1961, pl. 12, fig. 4) that rare speci- mens occur in which there is a set of normal bilocular embryonic chambers adjacent to which there is a multilocular set of embryonic chambers. Such specimens interconnect specimens with bilocular embryonic chambers with those which have multilocular embryonic chambers. In the suite of specimens from locality 1 one specimen (PI. 44, fig. 1) was found in which there was a trilocular set of embryonic chambers adjacent to which there was a multilocular set. Thus, specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers may be correlated with those with trilocular embryonic chambers which in turn inter- connect with specimens with normal bilocular embryonic chambers. As a result of the study made in 1960 Cole (p. 138) wrote: “The evidence presented demonstrates that within one species of Lepidocyclina there is extreme variability in the shape of the em- bryonic chambers. Some specimens referred to L. radiata have nephrolepidine embryonic chambers, others have eulepidine cham- bers, still others have trybliolepidine chambers, and finally, others have multilepidine chambers. This variability in the shape of the embryonic chambers constitutes one series.” The major emphasis has been placed so far in this analysis upon the variable shape of the embryonic chambers as these chambers are the only element which is variable. Numerous vertical sections (Cole, 19454, pl. 26, figs. E-H; 1960, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5; Pl. 43, fig. 4; Pl. 44, figs. 4-6; Pl. 46, fig 3) have been prepared. These sections are so similar that they must represent only one species. Moreover, specimens were cut to the equatorial plane so that the embryonic and equatorial chambers could be observed. After this a half vertical section was prepared. The specimen (PI. 46, fig. 3), for example, had trilocular embryonic chambers, yet the lateral chambers are similar to specimens with bilocular embryonic cham- bers. Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): CoLe 165 The evidence presented in 1960 (Cole) upon which the concept of using a series of specimens of a single species to demonstrate that long used subgeneric names such as Nephrolepidina or Multi- lepidina, are invalid was thought to be conclusive. Yet, Drooger (1962, p. 39) argued in part “. . . it 1s certainly not advisable to give too much weight to these subgenera. Nevertheless, they have been used for a long time, especially because of their stratigraphic value, and there has been general agreement about the way these subgenera are to be used.” Eames, et al., (19626, p. 290) also challenged the “series con- cept” of Cole as shown by the following quotation: “later work has established the existence of so many species with pliolepidine nucleo- conchs ... that it 1s no longer possible to regard this type of nucleo- conch as teratoid, as Cole (1960) persisted iff doing.” Such statements which are unsupported by detailed analysis of the kind presented in this discourse not only confuse the issue but also are not based upon generally accepted biological principles. Names, either specific, subgeneric, or generic, cannot be main- tained because they “. . . have been used for a long time 4 (Drooger, 1962, p. 39). Nor is it possible to evade the acceptance of the fact that multilocular embryonic chambers do occur in speci- mens of a series in which normal bilocular embryonic chambers occur. Eames, et al., (19626, p. 299) in spite of the data available insisted that they “. . . strongly reaffirm the maintenance of the supra- specific classification of the lepidocycines based primarily on the characters of the megalospheric nucleoconch.” As I consider arguments of the kind advanced by Drooger (1962), Hanzawa (1962), and Eames, et. al., (19626) for status quo sterile and defeatist, this restudy of the specimens from locality 1 was undertaken. I hope that the illustrations of the specimens from locality 1 given here and elsewhere demonstrate that only one species with variable embryonic chambers is present at this locality. If a more logical explanation can be given concerning the variable shape of embryonic chambers than the one advanced in 1960 by me, it would be welcomed and accepted. However, one cannot accept as valid proof generalized statements, such as, “Even extreme examples of normal variation in P. tobleri . . . are still 166 BuLueTin 208 clearly (especially in view of the nature and arrangement of the post- nepionic equatorial chambers) examples of complex, but single embryonts . . .” (Eames, et al., 1962b, p. 294). This concept is absurd in view of the data available by 1960 and subsequently demonstrated in the most positive manner by abundant illustrative material. LEPIDOCYCLINA RADIATA (MARTIN) IN THE FIJI ISLANDS Although the question of variability in a single species has been proven, the name to be applied to this species might be ques- tioned in view of the retention of the specific name L. oneataenstis Cole by Eames, et al., (1962b, p. 303), and their rejection of L. radiata for the specimens from locality 1 as proposed by Cole (1960, D. 136). If the illustrations of the type of Lepidocyclina radiata given by Van der Vlerk (1961, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 2, figs. 1-4) are compared with those of the specimens from locality 1 originally named L. oneataensis Cole (1945, p. 292), it will be observed that there are no significant differences in the shape and arrangement of internal structures. Figure 5, Plate 46 is an enlargement of the embryonic chambers of the specimen illustrated as figure 2, plate 4 (Cole, 1962). This should be compared with the illustration of the type (Van der Vlerk, 1961, pl. 2, fig. 1) of L. radiata. The embryonic chambers of the type of L. radiata are approximately one-half the size of those of the specimen (fig. 5, Pl. 46) from locality 1, but otherwise identical. Such a difference in size might indicate that these are different species if the shape and arrangement of the elements of the test were not identical. However, size alone has been demonstrated to be extremely variable, not only between specimens of a given species from a given locality, but also between specimens of a given species from different localities. This has been demonstrated in Lepido- cyclina pustulosa (Cole, 1963, fig. 1, p. 25). Unfortunately, only the details of the type of L. radiata are known, therefore the total range in size of the internal structures of specimens associated with the type is not known. However, this lack Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): Coe 167 of data is not absolutely critical. The internal structures of the speci- mens from locality 1 are not only identical, except for size, with those of the type of L. radiata, but also certain specimens (fig. 4, Pl]. 45) from locality 1 have the same external appearance as does the type of L. radiata (see: Van der Vlerk, 1961, pl. 1, fig. 1). Therefore, Lepidocyclina oneataensis Cole, 1945 (a, p. 292) is considered to be a synonym of L. radiata (Martin), 1880, as I stated on less complete, but still interpretable, data previously (Cole, 1960, Delo) Through the courtesy of Harry S. Ladd I have been able to examine the specimens from Viti Levu, Fiji, which Whipple (in Ladd, 1934, pl. 19, figs. 2-6) identified as Lepidocychna radiata (Martin ). In addition, I received from Ladd large samples collected by W. Briggs from Viti Levu (localities 3, #). One of these samples (loc. 3) contained abundant specimens of the species Whipple named Cyclolepidina suvaensis and the other (loc. 4) had rare specimens of this species. These specimens have been studied in detail, and several of these specimens are illustrated Giibcosmiveass2, 39>) bl. 455 ties. 15. 7,8; Pl 46, fio. 25 "also Cole, 1963, fig. 6, pl. 14). From locality 3 with numerous specimens of “Cyclolepidina suvaensis” over 100 equatorial sections were prepared. Specimens with bilocular embryonic chambers were not found. Fifty specimens from this lot were selected at random and the number of chambers in each embryonic set was counted. Three (6 percent) specimens had trilocular embryonic chambers (see: Cole, 1963, pl. 14, fig. 6). The number and percent of specimens with more than three cham- bers in the embryonic mass follow: four chambers, 16 (32 percent) specimens (PI. 44, fig. 2); 5 chambers, 17 (34 percent) specimens (PI. 45, fig. 8); 6 chambers, 12 (24 percent) specimens; and 7 chambers, 2 (4 percent) specimens (PI. 47, fig. 6). Specimens of “Cyclolepidina suvaensis” were rare at locality 4. Seven specimens were recovered of which one (PI. 45, figs. 1, 5) is illustrated. All seven specimens from this locality had abnormal (multilocular) embryonic chambers. However, Whipple (in Ladd, 1934, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5) in a sample from locality 4 found two speci- mens with bilocular embryonic chambers. These are the ones that Whipple identified correctly as L. radiata. 168 BuLLeETIN 208 The specimens from localities 3 and 4, originally identified as Cyclolepidina suvaensis Whipple, have vertical sections (Pl. 45, fig. 7) and equatorial chambers (Cole, 1960, pl. 4, fig. 3) which are identical with those of the specimens assigned to L. radiata from locality 1. Specimens from locality 3 (Cole, 1963, pl. 14, fig. 6) with trilocular embryonic chambers interconnect the series from locality 3 with the series from locality 1 (Pl. 46, fig. 5) in regard to em- bryonic chambers. SYNONYMS OF LEPIDOCYCLINA RADIATA (Martin) The species, grouped geographically, which are considered to be synonyms of L. radiata follow: East Indies Borneo Lepidocychina borneensis Provale, 1909 (Pholepidina) amoentat Zuffardi-Comerci, 1929 Java Lepidocyclina gertht Caudni, 1939 (Eulepidina) limbata H. Douvillé, 1916 L. papulifera H. Douvillé, 1916 (microspheric ) Sumatra Lepidocyclina ( Pholepidina?) luxurians Yobler, 1925 Formosa Lepidocychina (Multilepidina) irregularis Hanzawa, 1932 Fiji Islands Lepidocychina (Cyclolepidina) suvaensis Whipple, 1934 (Multilepidina) fijvensis Cole, 1945 (Eulepidina) oneataensts Cole, 1945 (Nephrolepidina) plummerae Cole, 1945 Urukthapel, Palau Islands Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) palauensis Cole, 1950 Specimens from Viti Levu identified by Whipple (in Ladd, 1934, pl. 20, figs. 1-8) as Cyclolepidina suvaensis have been reclassi- fied by Eames, et al., (1962b) as follows: Pholepidina luxurians (p. 316, for Whipple’s figures 1-4) and Pliolepidina irregularis (p. 316, for Whipple’s figures 5-8). Although Whipple’s identification Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): CoLe 169 (in Ladd, 1934, pl. 20, figs. 3-6) of other specimens from Viti Levu as L. radiata is accepted by Eames, et al., (1962b, p. 316), other specimens from Oneata (Cole, 1945a, pl. 23, figs. C-E) which are identical with Whipple’s specimens are assigned by Eames, et al., (1962, p. 316) to L. oneataensis. Eames, et al., (19620, pl. 6, fig. 4) identify a specimen from central Papua as Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) martim (Schlum- berger). This equatorial section is obviously not that species (see: Cole, 1945a, pl. 25; Pl. 46, fig. 1, for sections of L. martin), but is similar to Whipple’s illustration (in Ladd, 1934, pl. 19, fig. 5) and the one given by Cole (1945a, pl. 23, fig. E) of L. radiata. For specimens which are considered here to represent one species, Eames, et al., (1962b) have used five specific names as follows: Pliolepidina irregularis (Hanzawa), Pliolepidina luxurians Tobler, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneataensis Cole, Lepidocy- clina (Nephrolepidina) radiata (Martin) and Lepidocyclina (Neph- rolepidina) martin (Schlumberger ). Even more amazing is their assignment (Eames, et al., 19626, p. 316) of the microspheric specimens (Cole, 19452, pl. 21, figs. A, D-G), identified originally by Cole as L. (Multilepidina) trregularis Hanzawa, to L. omphalus Tan. L. omphalus is obviously the micro- spheric form of L. martin (Schlumberger), as it is the microspheric form of L. elegans ‘Tan, a synonym of L. martini. The publication of Eames, et al., (19625) has so many miscon- ceptions that it is impractical to verify all of them. In addition to the examples given one or two other instances are cited. Although they admit (Eames, et al., 1962b, p. 303) that L. transiens Umbgrove, 1929, resembles L. oneataensis (= L. radiata) they distinguished it by having a flange which is “ poorly delimited and narrow, and the pseudopillars poorly developed. The equatorial chambers are much less elongate. The megalospheric nucleoconch has a thinner boundary wall and is perhaps slightly larger.” If Umbgrove’s illustrations (1929, unnumbered plate) of L. transiens are compared with those of L. radiata, the only significant difference that can be found is in the degree of elongation of the equatorial chambers in most specimens of L. radiata from locality 1. 170 BULLETIN 208 However, specimens of L. radiata from locality 1 have great variation in the degree of elongation of the equatorial chambers. The specimen (Cole, 1960, pl. 1, fig. 2) which best illustrates this has chambers with radial diameters from 80 to 320 p. Caudri (1939, p. 228) in her competent review of Lepidocyclina from Java placed L. transiens in the synonymy of L. borneensis. She also included L. amoentai Zuffardi-Comerci as another synonym of L. borneensts, Although she (1939, p. 247) maintained L. borneensis as a distinct species, she placed it in the “Subgroup of L. luxurians,” characterizing this group in the following terms: “very large hexa- gonal median (equatorial) chambers, in circles, rectangular lateral chambers.” This brief characterization is applicable to L. radiata. If species are to be defined by the fact that on the average specimens from one locality have more elongate equatorial chambers than do specimens from another locality, the number of species would become astronomical. As all the structures of L. transiens are identical with those of L. radiata, except in the degree of elongation of the equatorial cham- bers, it is not logical to maintain two species. L. transiens 1s a syno- nym of L. radiata. Although an extensive discussion (Cole, 1962, p. 44) concerning the reasons for considering L. borneensis to be a synonym of L. radiata has been published recently, additional details follow, particu- larly to summarize certain aspects of the vertical sections. Cole (1961) published illustrations of specimens from locality 5 which had been identified by H. Douvillé as L. borneensis (see: Cole, 1961, pl. 11, figs. 3, 5) which had irregular embryonic cham- bers. A vertical section of a specimen from this locality is illustrated as figure 3, Plate 45. At the same time he (Cole, 1961, pl. 11, figs. 2, 6) gave illustrations of the equatorial layer of a specimen from locality 6 which had been identified by Van der Vlerk as L. borneensis. A vertical section of a specimen from this locality is illustrated as figure 4, Plate. 46. Although the specimen of “L. borneensis” (Pl. 46, fig. 4) is only about half the size of the specimen of “L. oneataensis” (PI. 46, fig. 3), these vertical sections are otherwise identical. If the equa- torial chambers of “ZL. borneensis” (Cole, 1961, pl. 11, fig. 6) are Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): CoLe 17] compared with those of “L. oneataensis” (Pl. 42, fig. 4), it will be observed that they have the same shape, and, often the same size although certain of the chambers of “L. oneataensis” are more elongate radially. Eames, et al., (1962), pl. 5, fig. 2) illustrated under the name Plhiolepidina sp. b a specimen from east-central Papua which they characterized as having “. . . spatulate-ogival chambers similar to those of Pholepidina toblern.” Seemingly, they did not recognize that such shaped chambers occur also in Lepidocyclina radiata. Their illustration should be compared with figure 6, Plate 47. This specimen has several annuli of arcuate equatorial chambers similar to those of the Papuan specimen before elongate hexagonal chambers develop. The specimen (fig. 2, Pl. 46) has arcuate equa- torial chambers and elongate hexagonal equatorial chambers in the same annuli. This same intermingling of two kinds of equatorial chambers is illustrated by another specimen from Lau, Fiji (Cole, 19454, fig. B, pl. 23). The analysis of these specimens is possible mainly by the application of the series concept. Each species which has been listed as a synonym has been compared to the series from locality 1, and all have found to exhibit the same structures. There are admittedly size differences between specimens, but otherwise all of these specimens fit exactly in the series analyzed from locality 1 even to the development in most cases of specimens with abnormal embryonic chambers. The method of study has been stated and specific examples of the application of the series concept have been cited. Therefore, it does not seem necessary to analyze each specific name placed in synonymy in detail. ECOLOGY The faunas of larger Foraminifera at localities 1, 3, 4 are strikingly different. There are abundant Lepidocyclina radiata at localities 1 and 3, and few specimens of this species at locality 4. At locality 1 the common associated species is Camerina com- planata which is represented by numerous large specimens (see: Colom 945a_ pl 135 tie): Cycloclypeus indopacificus Tan (PI. 45, fig. 9; Pl. 47, figs. 1-4) occurs in abundance at localities 3, 4. The only other species ob- 7 BULLETIN 208 served at localities 3 and 4 was rare, small specimens of Camerina complanata at locality 4. One other difference should be noted. There are numerous, large microspheric specimens of Lepidocyclina at locality 3 and few of these at locality 4. No microspheric speci- mens were found at locality 1, but a few might be recovered from a larger sample. If data concerning depth of occurrence of genera of larger Foraminifera in the existing seas (Cole, 1957, p. 750) can be accepted as an indicator of past conditions, locality 1 with abundant Camerina would represent the shallowest depth, probably around 40 fathoms. Abundant Cycloclypeus at localities 3 and 4 suggest depths of about 180 fathoms. However, it may be postulated that because of the comparative abundance of Lepidocyclina at locality 3 this locality reflects slightly shallower conditions than does locality 4 at which Lepidocyclina are rare. Ecological conditions may be one of the causes of abnormal reproduction in the larger Foraminifera. Cole (1962, p. 43) expressed the opinion that “. . . populations in which the number of specimens with multilocular embryonic chambers are high were living under marginal conditions. In such populations reproduction was upset which resulted in the formation of multilocular embryonic chambers in many individuals.” The specimens of Cycloclypeus (PI. 47, figs. 1-4) at locality 3 have the first nepionic chamber subdivided into numerous chamber- lets. This condition is not usual in the specimens from other localities which I have examined. Tan (1932, p. 18) also observed “As a rule the first nepionic chamber is not subdivided into chamberlets.” As all the specimens of Lepidocyclina which were associated with these specimens of Cycloclypeus had abnormal embryonic chambers, there may be some factor in the ecological situation which caused specimens of two distinct genera to produce abnormal structures. However, there are not sufficient data to make a definite correlation although this association is suggestive that ecological conditions do have influence. STRATIGRAPHIC CONCLUSIONS Van der Vlerk (1961, p. 624) wrote that the Cycloclypeus associated with the type of L. radiata have “. . . three, or at the Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): Cove 173 most, four nepionic chambers. From these facts it can be concluded that the Cycloclypeus of Sindangbaran must be assigned to the Sectio carpentert, Subsectio carpenter. This too is an indication that a Tertiary-f age is probable.” Whipple (in Ladd, 1934, p. 142) found specimens of Cyclo- clypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus Martin in association with “Cyclolepidina suvaensis” (= L. radiata) at several stations on Viti Levu, Fiji. Tan (1932, table 5) gave the range of C. (K.) annulatus in Indonesia as Burdigalian through the Vindobonian. At localities 3 and 4 L. radiata is associated with specimens which are identified as Cycloclypeus indopacificus Tan, a species which Cole (Cole, et al., 1960, p. 97) considered to extend from upper Tertiary e into probably Tertiary g. However, this species is best developed and most abundant in Tertiar¥ f. Although cycloclypei were not found at locality 1, Cole (1945a, Table 18) recovered specimens of cycloclypei at other stations at which Lepidocyclina oneataensis (= L. radiata) occurred. At that time he identified these cycloclypei as C. indopactficus terhaari Tan, C. inornatus inornata Tan, and C. reticulatus Caudri. These are all C. indopacificus Tan. All the data indicate that the localities on Oneata from the Futuna limestone at which L. radiata was found are Tertiary f in age, and correlate with the stations on Viti Levu (Suva formation) at which L. radiata occurred. This correlation had been made pre- viously (Cole, 1945a, p. 272) but is strengthened by this study. As individual species, such as L. radiata, often have relatively long stratigraphic ranges, the presence of such species does not necessarily exactly date the strata in which they occur, except to limit these sediments within the known total stratigraphic range of the particular species. L. radiata ranges from Tertiary e into Tertiary f. The better known species which are considered to be synonyms of L. radiata as the result of this study as well as previous ones have been reported by competent authorities to have a range from Tertiary e into Tertiary f. For example, Van der Vlerk (1928, p. 192) gave the range of L. borneensis as “Tertiary e; lower part Tertiary f,” an opinion sub- 74: BULLETIN 208 stantiated by Caudri (1939, p. 149, 150). L. luxurians was reported by Van der Vlerk (1928, p. 192) as occurring only in Tertiary e, but Mohler (1949, fig. 3, p. 526) extended the range of this species into Tertiary f. Eames, et al., (19526, p. 293) not only maintained seven of the species which are considered to be synonyms of L. radiata, but also they stated each of these species has a definite stratigraphic range. [wo of these species (L. borneensis and “P.” luxurians) are stated to range from Tertiary e into Tertiary fo; one (“P.” arregu- laris) is given as T. f.4-2; another (L. radiata) is confined to T. fo; still another (L. oneataensis) is restricted to T. fo-3; and two others (L. gertht and L. transiens) are assigned to T. f. Even if one were to accept that these seven species are distinct and recognizable ones, it is doubtful if their stratigraphic ranges could be stated with the precision which Eames, et al., imply. If the possibility is accepted that variation may occur in a species, such stratigraphic restrictions become an absurdity. It is only when a species has become so completely known throughout its geographic and stratigraphic range that there is no question concerning its identification that such a species may be used with the precision implied by Eames, e¢ al., (1962a, b). Thus, stratigraphic correlation must depend upon specific associations, 1.e., the entire fauna, not only at a single locality, but at as many localities as may be available. Even then one may not be absolutely certain of the stratigraphic relationship of two related, but somewhat different, faunas. Such faunas may be stratigraphically equivalent, or there may be some stratigraphic separation. Table 3 gives the fauna of larger Foraminifera found in the Futuna limestone (Ladd and Hoffmeister, 1945, p. 26) of Lau, Fiji. Cole (19454, p. 274) originally identified 27 species and varieties which were obtained from this limestone. Modernization of these specific and varietal names reduces the number to 12. Although the age determination of the Futuna limestone is not affected by this reorganization, the original correlation between the individual localities within this formation is improved by demonstrat- ing that the same species occur at numerous stations. For example, from one locality only Lepidocyclina transiens Umbgrove was identi- fied. This lepidocycline was associated with camerinids and cyclo- y Lepidocychina radiata (Martin ): CoLe 175 clypei which occurred with L. oneataensis Cole at numerous other localities in the Futuna limestone (Cole 1945a, p. 274). The recognition that L. transiens and L. oneataensis are syno- nyms of L. radiata not only simplifies the problem of identification of the species but also permits a more exact correlation to be made. Table 3—Comparison of specific names for specimens from the Futuna lime- stone used formerly and at present. Generic and specific names used in: 1945a (Cole, p. 274) Operculinella cumingii (Carpenter) 1963 Camerina venosa (Fichtel and Moll) Operculina bartschi Cushman O. complanata japonica Hanzawa Camerina complanata (Defrance) O. mbalavuensis Cole Camerina mbalavuensis (Cole) Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) eidae Tan C. (C.) posteidae pentekaideka- septus Tan Cycloclypeus (C.) eidae Tan C. (C.) indopacificus douvillei Tan terhaart Tan inornatus inornatus Tan posteidae hexaseptus Tan reticulatus Caudri Cycloclypeus (C.) indopacificus Tan C. (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus Martin C. (K.) martini van der Vlerk Cycloclypeus (K.) annulatus Martin Cycloclypeus (K.) martini van der Vlerk Lepidocyclina (Multilepidina) irregularis Hanzawa (M.) fijiensis Cole (Nephrolepidina) plummerae Cole (Eulepidina) oneataensis Cole transiens Umbgrove radiata (Martin) L. papulifera H. Douvillé L. (Nephrolepidina) japonica Yabe angulosa Provale Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) radiata (Martin) Lepidocyclina (E.) japonica Yabe L. (N.) martini Schlumberger L. stratifera Tan Lepidocyclina (E.) martini Schlumberger L. (Nephrolepidina) rutteni van der Vlerk rutteni lauensis Cole Lepidocyclina (E.) rutteni van der Vlerk L. (N.) sumatrensis inornata Rutten Lepidocyclina (E.) sumatrensis (Brady) 176 BuLLeTIN 208 Regional correlation is improved by the proper recognition of species. For example, Cole (1950) identified from a limestone in the Palau Islands Camerina bartscht Cushman, C. ammonoides (Gronovius), Lepidocyclina ruttent lauensis Cole and L. palauensis Cole. He correctly placed this limestone in Tertiary f. However, this age assignment is strengthened, and the correlation of this lime- stone with the Futuna limestone of Lau, Fiji, is enhanced by recognizing that L. palawensis is a synonym of L. radiata. It should be emphasized that if Eames, et al., (19626, p. 301) had employed the series concept enunciated by Cole (1960, p. 138), they would have recognized that lepidocyclines with trilocular and multilocular embryonic chambers are abnormal specimens within specific series of which many of the specimens have normal bilocular embryonic chambers. Thereby, they would not have placed every specimen with multilocular embryonic chambers in a separate genus (their “Pliolepidina”’) which they concluded was stratigraphically restricted to “Aquitanian to Burdigalian or (?) Vindobonian.” Analyses of such species as L. pustulosa (Cole, 1963) and L. radiata clearly demonstrate that lepidocyclines with abnormal em- bryonic chambers cannot be used for stratigraphic correlation. There- fore, the argument of Eames, ez al., (1962a) that all the American sediments which contain lepidocyclines with multilocular embryonic chambers (their “Pliolepidina toblert”) are ipso facto Miocene, thus transferring most of the American Oligocene section, and, in addi- tion, some of the American upper Eocene into the Miocene, is in- correct. Insofar as larger Foraminifera are involved, it would appear that their conclusions concerning the stratigraphic position of parts of the American upper Eocene and Oligocene are invalid. JIM G IRANI EUR, (CINE ID Caudri, B. 1939. Lepidocyclinen von Java. Geol.-mijnb. genoot. Nederland en Kolonien, Verh., geol. ser., v. 12, Pt. 2, p. 135-257, 10 pls. Cole, W. S. 1934. Oligocene orbitoids from near Duncan Church, Washington County, Florida. Jour. Paleont., vol. 8, No. 1, p. 21-28, pls. 3, 4. 1945a. Larger Foraminifera (of Lau, Fiji). B. P. Bishop Mus., Bull. 181, p. 272-296, pls. 12-30, 1 table. 1945b. Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells in Florida-No. 4. Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 28, p. 1-160, 22 pls., 8 text figs., 17 tables. 1950. Larger Foraminifera from the Palau Islands. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 221-B, p. 21-31, pls. 5, 6. Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): CoLe 77 1953. Eocene and Oligocene larger Foraminifera from the Panama Canal Zone and vicinity. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 244, p. 1-41, 28 pls., 2 text figs. 1957. Larger Foraminifera from Eniwetok Atoll drill holes. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 260-V, p. 743-784, pls. 230-249, 1 text fig., 6 tables. 1958. Names of and variation in certain American larger Foraminifcra- No. 1. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 38, No. 170, p. 179-213, pls. 18-25. 1960. Variability in embryonic chambers of Lepidocyclina. Micropaleon- tology, vol. 6, No. 2, p. 133-140, 4 pls. 1961. Some nomenclatural and stratigraphic problems involving larger Foraminifera. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., vol. 12, Pt. 4, p. 136-147, pls. 8-17. 1962. Embryonic chambers and the subgencra of Lepidocyclina. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 44, No. 200, p. 29-60, pls. 4-8. 1963. Illustrations of conflicting interpretations of the biology and classi- fication of certain larger Foraminifera. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 45, No. 205, p. 1-63, pls. 1-14. Pare , and Applin, Esther R. 1961. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution of larger Foraminifera occurring in a well in Coffee County, Georgia. Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., vol. 12, Pt. 4, p. 127-135, pls. 6, 7. Siete eatin , todd, Ruth, and Johnson, C. G. 1960. Conflicting age determinations suggested by Foraminifera on Yap, Caroline Islands. Bull. Amer. Paleont. vol. 41, No. 186, p. 77-112, pls. 11-13, 1 text fig. Douville, H. 1925. Revision des lépidocyclines. Soc. géol. France, Mém. No. 2, n. ser., vol. 2, Pt. 2, p. 51-115, pls. 3-7, numerous text figs. Drooger, C. W. 1962. Nomenclatural problems involving Foraminifera. Contrib. Cush- man Found. Foram. Res., vol. 13, Pt. 2, p. 39, 40. Eames, F. E., Banner, F. T., Blow, W. H., and Clarke, N. J. 1962a. Fundamentals of mid-Tertiary stratigraphic correlation. Univer- sity Press, Cambridge, 163 p., 17 pls., numerous text figs. 2=ggpatigasn 832090) Sea nae qa CSR RReU TLR Reis teeiee eR aL ae Re mE , and Smout, A. H. 19625. Morphology, SORDID, and agape occurrence of the Lepi- docyclininae. Micropaleontology, vol. 8, No. 3, p. 289-322, 8 pls., 5 text figs. Gorter, Nettie E., and Vierk, I. M. van der 1932. Larger Foraminifera from central Falcon (Venezuela). Leidsche Geol. Meded., vol. 4, Pt. 2, p. 94-122, pls. 11-16. Gravell, D. W. 1933. Tertiary larger Foraminifera of Venezuela. Smithsonian Miscell. Coll., vol. 89, No. 11, p. 1-44, 6 pls. ghee ea toa , and Hanna, M. A. 1938. Subsurface Tertiary zones of correlation through Mississippi, Ala- bama, and Florida. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Bull., vol. 22, No. 8, p. 984-1013, 7 pls., 5 text figs. Hanzawa, S. 1962. Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary three-layer larger Foraminifera and their allied forms. Micropaleontology, vol. 8, No. 2, p. 129- 186, 8 pls. Ladd, H. S. 1934. Geology of Vitilevu, Fiji. B. P. Bishop Mus., Bull. 119, p. 1-263, 44 pls., 11 text figs. 178 BuLLeETIN 208 Pare Moyen On , and Hoffmeister, J. E. 1945. Geology of Lau, Fiji. B. P. Bishop Mus., Bull. 181, p. 1-399, 62 pls., 41 text figs. Mohler, W. A. 1949. Flosculinella reicheli n. sp. aus dem Tertiar es von Borneo. Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae, vol. 42, No. 2, p. 521-527, 3 text figs. Parker, Frances L. 1962. Planktonic foraminiferal species in Pacific sediments. Micropale- ontology, vol. 8, No. 2, p. 219-254, 10 pls. Tan, S. H. 1932. On the genus Cycloclypeus, Pt. 1, and an appendix on the hetero- stegines of Tjimanggoe, S. Bantam, Java. Dienst mijnb. Neder- landsch-Indié, Wetensch. Meded. No. 19, p. 1-194, 24 pls., numer- ous tables. Vaughan, T. W. 1926. Species of Lepidocyclina and Carpenteria from the Cayman Islands and their geological significance. Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., vol. 82, Pt. 3, p. 388-400, pls. 24-26. 1933. Studies of American species of Foraminifera of the genus Lepido- cyclina. Smithsonian Miscell. Coll., vol. 89, No. 10, p. 1-53, 32 pls. Umbgrove, J. H. F. 1929. Lepidocyclina transiens, spec. nov. van Sumatra. Dienst mijnb. Nederlandsche-Indié, Wetensch. Meded., No. 9, p. 109-113, 1 pl., text figs. Vierk, I. M. van der 1928. The genus Lepidocyclina in the Far East. Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae, vol. 21, No. 1, p. 182-211, pls. 6-23, tables. 1959. Modification de l’ontogénése pendant l’evolution des lépidocyclines (foraminiféres). Soc. géol. France, Bull., ser. 7, v. 1, p. 669-673, 4 text figs. 1961. Lepidocyclina radiata (K. Martin), 1880. Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch.-Amsterdam, Proc., ser. B, vol. 64, No. 5, p. 620-626, 2 pls. 180 BuLLETIN 208 Explanation of Plate 42 Figure Page 1-4. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) radiata (Martin) 0, 162,171 1,3,4. Central part of equatorial sections, X 40, of megalospheric specimens with “nephrolepidine’” kind of embryonic chambers to illustrate variable shape of thesz: chambers. 2. Central part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a megalo- spheric specimen with embryonic chambers of the “try- bliolepidine”’ kind. 1-4. Loc. 1—see text for locality descriptions. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 42 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 43 Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): CoLe 18] Explanation of Plate 43 Figure Page ‘aeans bath geras 162, 163, 164 1. Central part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a megalo- spheric specimen with multilocular embryonic chambers. 1-4. Lepidocyclina (Evlepidina) radiata (Martin) 2. Central part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a megalo- spheric specimen with trilocular embryonic chambers. 3. Central part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a megalo- spheric specimen with slightly deformed, eulepidine embry- onic chambers; note particularly the small, aborted cham- ber on the right side of the initial chamber. 4. Vertical sections, X 20, of two megalospheric specimens. 1-4. Loc. 1—see text for locality descriptions. 7 182 Figure 1-6. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) radiata (Martin) iff Die 4-6. 1,4-6. Dee BuLLeTIN 208 Explanation of Plate 44 Central part of an equatorial section, XK 20, of a megalo- spheric individual in which two sets of embryonic cham- bers are developed; those to the right are trilocular and the one on the left is multilocular. Central part of equatorial sections, X 40, to illustrate the variable shape of multilocular embryonic chambers. Vertical sections, X 20, of megalospheric specimens; 4, seemingly a specimen with multilocular embryonic cham- bers. Loc. 1—see text for locality descriptions. Loc. 3. 2 itn eae 164, 167 PLATE 44 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 . ay AY : x one BuLu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 45 occas peta} Lepidocyclina radiata (Martin ): Coe 183 Explanation of Plate 45 Figure Page 1-8. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) ‘radiata (Martin) .......... 162, 167, 168, 170 1. Central part, X 20, by reflected light of the megalospheric specimen illustrated as figure 5, this plate. 2. External view, X 4, of a megalospheric specimen with a small, sharply defined, elevated umbo which is surrounded by a broad, thin, flat rim. 3. Vertical sections, X 20, of a specimen previously identified as L. borneensis Provale; for equatorial sections of specimens from this locality see: Cole, 1961, pl. 11, figs. 3, 5. 4. External view, X 4, of a megalospheric specimen with a broad, low umbo which is surrounded by a broad, thin, flat rim across which are numerous, narrow, distinctly elevated rays. 5. External view, X 4, of a megalospheric spécimen with a broad, low umbo and a relatively narrow rim with numerous, broad, low undulations. 6. External view, X 10, of the umbonal part of a megalospheric specimen whose rim has been destroyed. 7. Vertical section, X 20, of a megalospheric specimen whose rim has been destroyed. 8. Central part, X 40, of a megalospheric specimen with multi- locular embryonic chambers. 9. Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) indopacificus Tan ............................. nis Vertical section, X 20; note pillars in the rim on the left side. 1,5,7. Loc. 4—see text for locality descriptions. 2,4,6. Loc. 1. ; 3. Loc. 5. 8,9. Loc. 3. 184 BULLETIN 208 Explanation of Plate 46 Figure Page 1. Lepidocyclina (Euvlepidina) martini Schlumberger ................00........ 169 Equatorial section, X 40, of a megalospheric specimen to illustrate the embryonic, periembryonic and equatorial chambers and the rayed character of the test; introduced for comparison with L. radiata (Martin). 2-5. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) radiata (Martin) ....163, 164, 166, 168, 171 2. Part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a microspheric speci- men to illustrate the variable shape of the equatorial chambers which result from the section encountering the equatorial plane at different levels. 3. Vertical section, X 20, of a megalospheric specimen which was ground on one side to the equatorial layer; the em- bryonic chambers of this specimen were trilocular, similar to those of the specimen illustrated as figure 5, this plate. 4. Vertical section, X 40, of a megalospheric specimen identi- fied by I. M. van der Vlerk as L. borneensis Provale; for an equatorial section of a specimen from this same locality see: Cole, 1961, pl. 11, figs. 2, 6. 5. Central part, X 90, of the megalospheric specimen illustrated as figure 2, plate 4 (Cole, 1962); this illustration should be compared with the sketch and photograph given by Van der Vlerk (1961, fig. 1) of the type of L. radiata (Martin). 1. Loc. 2—see text for locality descriptions. 2 WOC mse 3,55. Ibe, il. 4. Loc. 6. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 46 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 47 ‘Oa. «9 aks ) ee ae . ; " y '% j Lepidocychina radiata (Martin ): Coie Explanation of Plate 47 Figure 1-4. Cycloclypeus (Cycloclypeus) indopacificus Tan Parts of equatorial sections, X 40, to illustrate the embry- onic and nepionic chambers; note in each specimen the first nepionic chamber is subdivided into several cham- berlets. 5,6. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) radiata (Martin) 5. Central part of an equatorial section, K 40, of a specimen with trilocular embryonic chambers. 6. Central part of an equatorial section, X 20, of a specimen with multilocular embryonic chambers; note the change in shape of the equatorial chambers from the center to the periphery. 1-4,6. Loc. 3—see text for locality descriptioMie. 5: Loc. 1. f Chia hae ee 163, 167, 171 XXXVI XXXVIII. XLIl. a XLII. ie XLIV. : XLY. on ays a XLVI. ‘Volume I. Be . ‘Ss Il. i &, IV. eee a od ~ he XXXVII. OX, (Nos, 177-183). XLI. (Nos. 185-192). (Nos. 140-145). 400 pp., 19 DIS. cececececccecesecesmeeeeeeeeseeceeerveeseeee 12.00 Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tas- .- Manian’ Ordovican cephalopods and Tennessee Or- dovician ostracods, and conularid bibliography. (Nos, 146-154). 386 pp., 31 DIS. 0....ccccccecssceveceesssceceecseenee 12.00 G. D. Harris memorial, camerinid and Georgia Paleo- cene Foraminifera, South America Paleozoics, Aus- tralian Ordovician cephalopods, California Pleisto- cene Hulimidae, Volutidae, Cardiidae, and Devonian ostracods from Iowa. CN OS). 1500=160)..24 tO cpp: SB ADI. wa cclifelcescectecundecconeecokacsr-case 13.50 Globotruncana in Colombia, Eocene fish, Canadian- Chazyan fossils, foraminiferal studies. (Nos, 161-164). 486pp., 37 PIS. ........ccccccceceecsecceesesncseeeenee 15.00 Antillean Cretaceous Rudists, Canal Zone Foramini- ’ fera, Stromatoporoidea (Nos. 165-176). 447 pp., 53 pls. Semen een nennanenanaannesuawannanesentensoens 16.00 Venezuela geology, Oligocene Lepidocyclina, Miocene ostracods, and Mississippian of Kentucky, turritellid from Venezuela, larger forams, new mollusks. '\ geology of Carriacou, Pennsylvanian plants. 448-DDs) S0/(DISie Lee ee hee ew Panama Caribbean mollusks, Venezgmelan Tertiary for- mations and forams, Trinidad ©retaceous forams, American-European species, Puerto Rico forams. CNG, 8384) oo O96. pp co Ty ply Mees NO AS oo Type and Figured Specimens P.R.I. OANA OD DL Soin oer eds son mend ea ean Australian Carpoid Echinoderms, Yap forams, Shell Bluff, Ga. forams. Newcomb mollusks, Wisconsin 16.00 20.00 16.00 mollusk faunas, Camerina, Va. forams, Corry Sandstone. . MNO; 193)>-673 pp. 48) pls.) CAS cc 16.00 Venezeula Cenozoic gastropods. ANos; 1942198). °° 497 pp.\89 pissin eS 16.00 Ordovician stromatoporoids, Indo-Pacific camerinids, Mississippian forams, Cuban rudists. (Nos. 199-208). 365 pp., 68 pls. . ates - 16.00 Puerto Rican, Antarctic, New Zealand ‘forams, Lepidocyclina, Eumalacostraca. IN Gar Cane) yeectecea NL hee Pelee det ie nO hee In press Venezuela Cenozoic pelecypods (Nos. 205-207). 151 pp., 41 pls. Large Foraminifera, Texas Cretaceous crustacean, “Antarctic Devonian terebratuloid PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls. Monographs‘of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids. (NGS. Geille PGsl opp Oi DIS, Mia A 21.00 Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spon- dyli, Paleozoic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias and Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida. (NOS313-25). 513 )-ppis: Girplse..c a 25.00 Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleo- zoic siphonophores, Busycon, Devonian fish studies, gastropod studies, Carboniferous crinoids, Creta- ceous jellyfish, Platystrophia, and Venericardia. GNOss- 26.30)>\, 216-n0:, Si) DIS. iS oe Se SS 11.75 Rudist studies, Busycon, Dalmanellidae, Byssonychia CoNDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY AND PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vols. I-VI, VILI-XV. See Kraus Reprint Corp. VIL. XVI. XVII XVI. XIX. XXVIL. CN0.32). 780 “pps. 390) pley pis. onl leit cetera 11.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. ‘ \(NOs.. 78876)) ,356cpp;, 8 pls:( ek ee De 12.06 Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera. (NOS... 79-79) 5> 251 pp. 895. DIS. 8 a2 aces a eee 10.00 Corals, Cretaceous microfauna, and bidstaphy of Con- rad. (Nos. 80-87). 334 DD., en TS.) ee i ee gee =c1. 20.56 Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos. 88-94B). 806 Dp.,.30 DIS. 2... sccccsedab-eneccccetescececeese 10.00 Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Mesozoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Mary- land Miocene mollusks. (Nos. 95-100). 420 pp., 58 DIS. se eG ey eae 11.0€ Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fos-— sils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Ko- gene corals, and geology, and paleontology of Ecua- dor. _ (Nos. 101-108). 376 pp., BG Bis. s 225 ee a 12.00 Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Deceuiee ‘ fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. (Nos, 109-114).,.°412 pp: 54 pls. <2 1. Se 12.00 Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous _and Hocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams. (Nos. 415-116)’ 738 pps 52 pisos.) eee fo N AE 18.06 Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. MONO. 107). 563i DD.» / 6S PISS aoc. desl o ose ne hearers 15.00 Jackson Eocene mollusks. . (Nos, 118-128). 458 Opc2l pled a eh ee -- 12.00 Venezuelan and California mollusks: Chemung and Pennsylvanian crinoids, Cypraeidae, Cretaceous, _ Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil localities. ; : (Nos. 129133). :, 294 pp.,. 89): pls.” 23.2. k hee ated 10.00 Silurian cephalopods, crinoid studies, Tertiary forams, and Mytilarca. (Nos. 184-139). Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, _ Ecuadoran stratigraphy and paleontology. aera 448 pp., BL D1Sseerse.--- Stel I ae ‘ BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY VOL. XLVI NUMBER 209 1963 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York U.S. A. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION 1962-63 PRESIDENT 0.56). saPoe pdatary Aelploientlasdl odidee age 2 e¥adde deaden torah Sontag Rene maay JoHN W. WELLS VICE-PRESIDENT fps SR SNP eel UN ON es AE AXEL A. OLSSON SECRETARY= TREASURER 4 7..60N OPN A REBECCA §S. Harris DOIRRCTOR (0 i eC AN to Recels NIN aS NS ta KATHERINE V, W. PALMER GOUNSE eee ee ag ee Ak cto Aedes se Oe ac ARMAND L. ADAMS REPRESENTATIVE, AAAS CoUNCIL nil el at GL aN KENNETH E. CASTER Trustees KENNETH E. CASTER (1960-1966) KATHERINE V. W. PALMER (Life) DoNALD W. FIsHER (1961-1967) RALPH A. LIpDLE (1962-1968) REBECCA S. Harris (Life) AXEL A. OLSSON (Life) SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER (1959-1965) NORMAN E. WEISBORD (1957-1963) JoHN W. WELLS (1958-64) BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs, Fay Briaes, Secretary Advisory Board KENNETH E. CASTER HANS KUGLER A. MyrA KEEN Jay GLENN MARKS Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes will be available except vol. I of Paleontographica Americana, Vol. I to be reprinted'by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y. For reprint, Vols. 1-6, 8-16, Bulletins of American Paleontology see Kraus Reprint Corp., 16 East 46th St., New York 17, N. Y., U.S.A. Subscription may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price . of $16.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica Americana in- voiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. a For sale by Paleontological Research Institution 109 Dearborn Place Ithaca, New York U.S.A. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY (Founded 1895) ARENACEOUS FORAMINIFERA FROM THE OSGOOD FORMATION AT OSGOOD, INDIANA By RUTH G. BROWNE AND VIRGINIA J. SCHOTT July 15, 1963 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Number: GS 63-304 MUS. COMP. Z00L LIBRARY SEP 6 1963 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Printed in the United States of America PAIS bia GM ht iu rccsalatveerae ithOCIIGHONM Eee PACS KLO MI CCKO CT CMP RRR Pa F008. donate a iooa bh, aut rohit soe eeleey ua Mc mrn ena an CONTENTS Previous studies of Silurian Foraminifera .....0.0.00..ccccccccccccceseecevecceeveseeeeevecsueceeees ; Gollectionsandepreparaconrormeatetiall yer seeesereteeteneereeereeeretenees eens eens: SHSPUGISTANSIONY 55. casuasonsoeunaseeouesne Name and definition ............... Distribution and lithology ....... Faunal associations ................... Systematic paleontology ........... ieamarlhy Aswrormoicaicye IBkeAVCKi, TUSSI). Joccessocosnsed eseopos sono ndsnduosopuoocceonoouucns enob eee soe (GEMS: DGS RC eS eR LOE ee (Genusw Bsa CANIN OND IZA eet Cem ce eeta ehee re oly Seika acter ne at Genus Rhabdammina araavihy JNTWTNOCUIASICEIS [UNIO hi TUS}OS) pasa senoaaiansecsoacocsseee seoseeeasseoesadesese saceces Genus Ammodiscus . Genus Psammonyx ... Genus Bifurcammina Genus Lituotuba ....... Genus Glomospira ... Taroarihy Sevecarmavenanclve: Ieiranahy., TUS{3}44 5 saosqnocseoas so ascanacos:narriesoaso soso -coceenase cede eos: (GEM SHS AI/ 12 OS PD LENAe cReEE te Ro ERE er ee oe ee Genus Stegnammina . Genus Thekammina . Genus Ceratammina . Genus Sorosphaera ... Genus Raibosammina Page 191 191 191 192 193 193 193 195 196 197 O77, 197 197 198 198 198 204 Genus. Shidelerell a: cvscscicscsdadesteasig ies sedeiiczeisesgiai inet Ee 212 Genus LAgenmam Mand siagiih tafeiie lckvin sqncnanste seat vee (eg 213 Genus. AmpPlCervteds ia. ssvescesesescncdadsonssvaees sis «1-40;08es: 214 Genus Protea ....ccsscieitnexdisscksass natin souciavedee-: ot DiS, GENUS: DUPAGE os ciios ecevk oe tccheee ches ce a 217 GENUS CrOMCL CLA oc coscslecdeninceseesonteopsdtsteactsisse00c) UH) Ae eee 221 GeNis LA OLOS 1a wecid e sewssseaceenssosaniseevaias ndshbeses teks oe ee 221 Genus Metamorphina Browne, new Zenus ..........:6:.ccceececeeeeeeeeeseseneeees 223 Family Hyperamminidae Elmer and Fichert, 1899 20.0.0... 227 (reso i AY ILO PL Cle scene se sedad a eRER Rea PoRBnBe-e denbaparddenaradc Anccrrecccciosonecsodaceonce: DY Genus BathystPhOn so scceke cocci Micliesce cen dusenans Oe 232 Family airochammunidael Schwagert Sim] sis) eees eee eee eee eee 233 Genus Lv ocham mina’ aA Esl ese actgeete sed eee Pe 233 REFERENCES (Os Bie dena AS Es alcatel cane oe ee 234 ILLUSTRATIONS Text figure 1. Map showing location of the Ripley County Construction Company, quarsy, Osgoods: Indianaye eee ee 192 Plate 1. Composite stratigraphic column of Silurian, Devonian, and adjacent rocks in southeastern Indiana .................0...0....-- 194 Table 1. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution of the foraminifera from the Osgood shale at Osgood, Indiana .. Between 196 & 197 ARENACEOUS FORAMINIFERA FROM THE OSGOOD FORMATION AT OSGOOD, INDIANA RUTH G. BROWNE and VIRGINIA J. SCHOTT ABSTRACT A large and diverse fauna of arenaceous Foraminifera has been collected from the upper five feet of the Osgood formation (Niagaran) as exposed in the South- eastern Materials Corporation quarry in the SW 14, SW YY, sec. 22, T. 8 N., R. 11 E. at Osgood in Ripley County, Indiana. The fauna consists of 24 genera and 63 species. The genus Metamorphina, new genus and 12 new species are described. Represented are the following families: Astrorhizidae Brady, Saccamminidae Brady, Ammodiscidae Rhumbler, Hyperamminidae Eimer and Fickert, and Trochamminidae Parker and Jones. INTRODUCTION The authors visited the Ripley County Construction Company quarry located on the south edge of the town of Osgood, Ripley County, Indiana, (Text fig. 1) in October 1960. Material was collected from the gray calcareous shale bed which together with interbedded gray, coarse-grained, fossiliferous limestone forms the upper five feet of the Osgood formation as exposed in the base of the quarry. The Foraminifera which form the basis of this study were derived from this material. Although Raymond (1955) initially did some work on this fauna, the authors decided to pursue the study further when they noted the great abundance and variety of species of Foraminifera present in this microfauna. It is their opinion that as complete and exhaustive a study as possible should be devoted to these Foraminifera from the type locality of the Osgood. The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1. To determine the genera and species of the arenaceous Foraminifera present and their relative abundance. 2. To advance the knowledge of mid-Paleozoic Foraminifera in the hope that the study of this fauna may prove of potential value in stratigraphic correlation. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are grateful to various individuals who aided in the preparation of this manuscript: Dr. Thomas G. Perry, Professor of Geology of Indiana University, for his help and the loan of the Osgood types which Raymond (1955) studied for his Master’s thesis; Mr. Charles Stone, photographer of Louisville, Kentucky, for the illustrations; Dr. 192 BULLETIN 209 RIPLEY COUNTY CONSTRUCTION COMPANY mal QUARRY OSGOOD INDIANA VERSAILLES IN RIPLEY Sani COUNTY INDEX MAP £ REXVILLE TEXT-FIG. |— MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF THE RIPLEY COUNTY CONSTRUCTION COMPANY QUARRY, OSGOOD, INDIANA (AFTER RAYMOND, 1955). Arland Hotchkiss of the University of Louisville for use of photomicro- scopy equipment; Mrs. Howard Byers, U. S. Geological Survey, Louisville Kentucky, for typing the manuscript. Special thanks are due Mr. Michael Mound, paleontologist on the staff of Indiana University, who checked the identification of the species, reviewed the preliminary draft of this paper, and contributed helpful suggestions. The type specimens are located in the Indiana University collections at | Bloomington, Indiana. PREVIOUS STUDIES OF SILURIAN FORAMINIFERA Although scattered records of pre-Mississippian Foraminifera occur in the literature, the first authenticated account is a study made by Moreman (1930). Moreman described forms from the Arbucle and Viola lime- OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 193 stones (Ordovician) and from the Chimneyhill limestone (Silurian) of Oklahoma. Later works than Moreman’s original paper include another by Moreman (1933), Ireland (1939), Stewart and Priddy (1941), Dunn (1942), Cumings (1952), Eisenack (1954), Raymond (1955), Miller (1956), and Mound (1961). All Paleozoic “smaller” Foraminifera described to date are arenaceous. Moreman attributed the absence of arenaceous forms in pre-Ordovician rocks to the fragility of the tests. He believed they had not attained suffict- ent development to permit their extraction by currently known laboratory procedures. He attributed the apparent absence of calcareous genera as substantiating Cushman’s belief concerning the primitive character of arenaceous forms. 7 COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF MATERIAL Approximately 18 pounds of Osgood shale were collected from the top five feet of the formation in the lower part of the Ripley County Construction Company's quarry at Osgood, Indiana. The coarse material was removed, and the remainder soaked to dis- integrate the shale. The shale was then thoroughly washed and run through a series of sieves which retained everything not small enough to pass through the 200 mesh sieve. The residue was then dried and approximately half the washed material was set aside for examination for microfossils. The remainder of the dried residue was then soaked in a 10- normal solution of hydrochloric acid until the calcareous material was digested. The resultant undissolved material was then washed and dried. The Foraminifera for this study were derived from both the washed samples and the insoluble residues. STRATIGRAPHY NAME AND DEFINITION The term Osgood was originally applied by Foerste (1896) to strata exposed in the vicinity of the town of Osgood, Ripley County, Indiana. No type section was designated. At this time Foerste termed these beds “the Osgood phase of the Laurel formation.” A year later Foerste (1897) redefined these strata, separating them from the Laurel formation and assigning them equal rank with the Laurel, Waldron, and Louisville—all members of the Niagaran series. SYSTEM MISSISSIPPIAN SILURIAN DEVONIAN ORDOVICIAN BULLETIN 209 PLATE | SERIES Pear eny LITHOLOGY ROCK UNIT OSAGIAN New Providence sh. Borden gr. Rockford Is. O-4 ft. I-16 ft. — ; Henryville mem. Underwood mem. Sanderson mem. New Albany sh. Blackiston mem. 100 ft. ER Z17 =| Beechwood mem. O=10 ft! Sellersburg (North Speed and Silver Creek lithofacies _O-26 ft, | Vernon) Is. 1-26 ft. Jeffersonville Is. ULSTERIAN 26-46 ft. 26-81 ft. (Coral zone) Geneva dol.” 0-35 ft. Louisville Is. 0-52 ft. NIAGARAN = Waldron sh. 0-15 ft. 60-125 ft. =< Laurel Is. Clinton ue 27-55 ft. 60-77 ft. Osgood fm. 10-30 ft. Brassfield Is. O-l2 ft. | 1 Hl ; ! ( ) i Elkhorn fm. O-S0O ft. Whitewater fm. O-80 ft. ("] i I Richmond gr. CINCINNATIAN Saluda Is. COMPOSITE STRATIGRAPHIC GOLUMN OF SILURIAN, Gog nesdniimurey. 1955 DEVONIAN, AND ADJACENT ROCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN INDIANA OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 195 DISTRIBUTION AND LITHOLOGY In Indiana the Osgood formation crops out in a belt that trends slightly east of north and extends from Clark County northeast to Wayne County. Over this area the formation maintains a thickness averaging 3 to Pomuccia Swartz, ef al. (1942, pl. 1) recognized the Osgood as a stratigraphic unit in Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Stewart and Priddy (1941) stated, “As a result of the earlier study by the Junior author it has been shown .... ; the Osgood shale of Ohio is equivalent to the upper shale (Zone E) of the Osgood formation of Indiana.”” Perry and Hattin (1960) referred to a personal communication ‘‘(Bowman 1955)” to the effect that the Ohio Geological Survey currently recognized the Osgood in Preble, Clark, and Greene Counties, Ohio. 7 Foerste (1897, p. 210) described three lithologic units of the Osgood formation in Indiana as follows: The general characteristics of the Osgood beds as seen near Osgood consist of a series of clayey rocks, averaging about ten feet in thickness; overlying the clayey rocks is found a shaley soft clay varying from 1 to 2 feet in thickness; above the clay or so-called soapstone layer are several layers of limestone, carrying the character- istic Osgood fauna. Cummings (1922) recognized four lithologic subdivisions of the Osgood which are in ascending order: (1) the lower Osgood limestone which is usually 8 to 15 inches thick but is absent locally (2) the lower Osgood shale or clay which is 11 to 16 feet thick (3) the upper Osgood limestone which is 3 to 5 feet thick and may be crinoidal (4) the upper Osgood shale or clay that is 3 to 5 feet thick. The division of the Osgood formation as currently accepted by the Indiana Geological Survey is the same as that of Esarey, ef. al. (1947, p. 15) who described the formation as follows: Osgood shale Rochester (basal Niagaran of Indiana). Type section at Osgood, Indiana. Averages 22 feet in thickness. Lower or basal limestone gray to tan, 1 to 6 feet thick. Lower shale soft, blue, 1 to 2 feet thick. Upper limestone gray to tan, crinoidal, fossiliferous, 6 feet thick. Upper shale gray, calcareous, fossilifer- ous, 11 feet thick. The upper five feet of the Osgood as exposed in the bottom of the Southeastern Materials Corporation quarry at Osgood, Indiana, consists of gray calcareous shale which contains thin layers of gray coarse-grained limestone. The fauna of this report came from the shale beds. 196 BULLETIN 209 CORRELATION Bassler (1906) correlated the Osgood shale with the Rochester shale of the standard New York section (Niagaran) on the basis of a study of the bryozoan faunas. He stated that comparison of the bryozoan elements of the faunas from the Rochester shale and the Osgood of Indiana ‘‘seem to show beyond question that the Osgood is chiefly, if not exactly comparable with the Rochester shale.” Swartz, ef. al. (1942, pl. 1) presented a correlation chart which equated the Osgood as follows: Western New York—equivalent to the Rochester shale and the underlying Irondequoit limestone Arkansas and Oklahoma—sSt. Clair limestone (upper part) Northeastern and northwestern Illinois—Rockdale dolomite Western Ohio and east-central Kentucky—Bisher formation (east side of Cincinnati Arch) Western Kentucky—Osgood formation (west side of Cincinnati Arch) Boyce (1956) on the basis of a study of the macrofauna of the Osgood concluded: “ .... the Osgood formation is correlated, at least in part, with the Rochester shale.” Because no study has been made of the Foraminifera of the Rochester shale no correlation on this basis is possible at the present time. Of the Paleozoic foraminiferal studies made to date, the Chimneyhill limestone (Lower Silurian) of Oklahoma has the most species 1n common with this fauna. The Brassfield limestone of Indiana (Lower Silurian) 1s next. Future faunal studies from other localities will undoubtedly assist in closer correlation. FAUNAL ASSOCIATIONS The Foraminifera of this report are associated with an abundant and varied macrofauna which, with the exception of the bryozoans, has been described by (Boyce, 1956). ‘This is noteworthy because most Osgood exposures in Indiana contain few fossils of any kind. The same paucity of fossils in the Osgood beds has been noted in Tennessee, Wilson (1949), Ohio, Foerste (1935) and McFarlan (1943). Boyce listed species representing each major phyla except Porifera. The phylum with the greatest representation in number of specimens is the Brachiopoda. Next in order is the Coelenterata, Representatives of other phyla are not numerous in the fauna. 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Pines eHeenSe ths sakes (MULAE CIGD) sn} 4aou2 snd $1 powuy ZO eel aa | ae aa || te Xe |G |e — XIX] X}—] xX] — [oot eres (uBuysND). snzuasxa snostpounly AVCIOSIGOWWNY Sag RSE og VRE 4 NORA ER || (a | S| Ep] | = POD OCS ROO Donat CORO S Gh on amie iene) fevameliaxoyenpy) | Sy a(S ic Seba a ice | al —|xX|/—|—|]—] — |*ccctupwyoauy B yD1YIsyNy 1191] ap DzZ1Y4O1Z Sopnasd Bee ine eae erm fest |e peg a el = —-|x}—-J]—|-] -— |**°c°* ‘puawa uawun]d si] pprouapyds saprouluupany AVGIZIHHOULSY = S/SIS|SIS(Z/Sl2i_E/2| gigigieis|s| s e o/212/S/Z/2|sl/Eleals| sis/8lel2/8 & ; | <1 wn = =i ios! Lar! CD Ea S Ss Ss Z iz os SP (Ey Se ar ee a ene eiee ele) | PVE /Elelsz 222/212 /E (8 [FIFE ee Ee : || 2 E 38 Sites 2 Salles afee (fees 2 eTeys poossy 2y. wWoiy eiofFtutweioy ayy Fo = 72 = = é Sis S uoTyNgtI4ystp Itydeisoosd pue otydeistye13SG < : = = SB Ss T ATaVL ] —t NVUVOVIN | _Noraiy | pam Dn ordre, a olds i, . a a 4 . 4 Tale ~ ' 4 bul i ie if " ‘ " ‘ cr i} 7 OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 197 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Order FORAMINIFERA (Orbigny, 1826 Family ASTRORHIZIDAE Brady, 1851 Genus THURAMMINOIDES Plummer, 1945 Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis Plummer emend. Pin 4Sa tice ds 2 Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis Plummer, 1945, Univ. Texas, Pub. 4401, pp. 218, 219, pl. 15, figs. 4-10 Middle Pennsylvanian; Crespin, 1958 Bur. Min. Res., Geol. and Geophys. Bull, 48, pp. 40, 41, pl. 3, figs. 9-11; pl. 31, figs. 1, 2 Australia, Permian; Conkin and Conkin, 1960, Geol. Soc. Amer. S.E. Sect., Abstracts, p. 8 Silurian and Devonian; Conkin, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 43, DpMOAOSC ATM eplenly/) tiese delOs pla lsh ese le4. ipl 26) ties. les ehien tL Mississippian. Thuramminoides teicherti (Parr), Crespin, 1958, Bur. Mineral Res., Geol. and Geophys. Bull. 48, pp. 41, 42, pl. 3, figs. 12-13, Australia, Permian. Test free, unilocular, compressed and disk-shaped to spherical; wall moderately thick, composed of fine to medium-sized sand grains embedded in much cement; test wall which surrounds a hollow interior consisting of many tubes which radiate outwards towards surface of the test; most tubes extending from test center do not pierce surface of test; outer part of test wall occupied by additional smaller tubes most of which pierce the surface; some small protuberances on surface of test which are not apertures; aper- tures multiple, provided apparently by the functioning of the two sets of tubes. Max. diam. Min, diam. Pl. 48, fig. 1 537 mm. 503 mm. Pl. 48, fig. 2 .436 mm. 386 mm. Test diameter for nine specimens ranges from .402 mm. to .537 mm. Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—Conkin, in studying the species found sufficient spherical, noncompressed forms so that he was able to section specimens and know the true character of the species. Spherical tests are present in the Osgood fauna, but the majority are compressed. The flattened, disk-shaped speci- mens with small protuberances are characteristic of the species in this fauna. Genus PSEUDASTRORHIZA Bisenack, 1932 Pseudastrorhiza delicata Gutschick and Treckman Pl. 48, fig. 3 p. 231, pl. 33, figs. 1-5 Rockford Is., Ind.; Gutschick, Weiner and Youn 1961, p. 1204, pl. 147, fig. 8, text, fig. 4-2 Lower Mississippian—Okla., Texas, and Mont. 198 BULLETIN 209 Test free, consisting of a subspherical center chamber from which numerous delicate, finger-like projections radiate in all directions; wall thin, smooth, composed of silt-sized sand grains; apertures not apparent. Max. diam. Min. diam. including projections Pl. 48, fig. 3 .185 mm. .143 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. Remarks.—The single specimen recovered has eight projections. It conforms to Gutschick’s and Treckman’s type although the dimensions are somewhat smaller. Genus RHABDAMMINA M. Sars, 1869 Rhabdammina bifureata, n. sp. Pl. 48, figs. 4, 5 Test free, small, consisting of three nearly straight, branching arms which unite to form a Y-shaped test, the longest arm is over double the length of the two shorter which are of about equal length; arms in one plane; wall of fine to medium-sized sand grains with much cement; aper- tures circular at the open ends of the tubes. Length of Diam. Length of | Length of test short arms long arm Pl. 48, fig. 4, holotype .294 mm. .075 mm. .067 mm. .176 mm. Pl 48) fig.(5, paratype -252 mm —-.084 mm. ~ 205) min aGS mann Occurrence.—Rate, two specimens. Remarks.—This species is distinguished by its Y-shaped form, its nearly straight sides, and its small size. The etymology of the species name bifurcata refers to the shape of the test: bz, L., two and furca, L., fork. Family AMMODISCIDAE Rhumbler, 1895 Subfamily AMMODISCINAE Cushman, 1913 Genus AMMODISCUS Reuss, 1861 Status of Ammodiscus Reuss and Involutina Terquem Considerable confusion has lately arisen over the distinction between the two foraminiferal genera Ammodiscus Reuss and Involutina Terquem, both described in 1862. From the time Reuss first defined Ammodzscus up to the first emendation of the genus by Loeblich and Tappan (1954) most authors assigned the planispirally coiled arenaceous Foraminifera to the genus Ammodiscus. Loeblich and Tappan noted that Reuss failed to name any species as Oscoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 199 type for the genus Ammodiscus. ‘They believed that the first species cited in connection with the genus Ammodiscus was Ammodiscus infimus (Strickland), Bornemann, 1874 (Orbis infimus Stickland, 1846) which would make this species the type by monotypy. Ellis and Messina (1957) in a discussion of Loeblich and Tappan’s emendation stated that Borne- mann referred two species to Ammodiscus—Orbis imfimus Strickland, 1846 and Involutina aspera Terquem, 1864. Thus, the designation of Orbis infimus Strickland as a type species has validity only on the basis of Loeblich and Tappan’s selection and not by monotypy. Loeblich and Tappan further stated, in consideration of Orbis infimus Strickland as the type species, that the genus Ammodiscus Reuss should be suppressed. Barnard (1952), who examined Strickland’s type specimens, found Orbis infimus to be a calcareous species andya junior synonym of Spirillina Ehrenberg, 1843. This was at variance with Reuss’ concept of the genus. Believing the genus Involutina, with I. silicea Terquem as type species, capable of embracing the agglutinated, nonseptate forms they recommended their removal to this genus, Many workers disapproved of this solution for the genera Ammodiscus and Involutina because they were not willing to consider Ammodiscus a calcareous genus. Bornemann (1874) in an early emendation of the genus Involutina restricted Involutina to the calcareous species when he reallocated seven of the eight species named by Terquem to other genera, leaving only Involutina jonesi Terquem and Piette, 1862 to represent the genus. Thus, Cushman’s 1928 designation of Involutina silicea Terquem as type species, although adopted by many authors, was in error. Bornemann in emending the genus Involutina actually provided the first revision of the genus Ammodiscus. We described the species Am- modiscus infimus Stickland (including Involutina silicea Terquem as a synonym) and Ammodiscus aspera Terquem. The principal difficulty which has occurred since Bornemann’s revision is due to the fact that Bornemann erroneously assumed that I. s//icea Ter- quem was synonymous with Orbis infimus Strickland and included it in synonymy with Ammodiscus infimus (Strickland). Bornemann’s descrip- tions were apparently based on Terquem’s species because the descriptions fit Terquem’s species and he claimed to have obtained some of Terquem’s original material. Moreover, the fact he mentioned he was referring his specimens to Terquem’s species even though Strickland had not mentioned their siliceous character should remove any doubts. 200 BULLETIN 209 Loeblich and Tappan (1961) in their emended emendation of the genus Ammodiscus noted all these points and clarified the status of Ammodiscus and Involutina, The type species of Ammodiscus is Ammodis- cus infimus Bornemann, 1874 (not Orbis infimus Strickland, 1846) = Involutina silicea Terquem, 1862; fixed by subsequent designation by Loeblich and Tappan (1954) emended 1961. Ammodiscus exsertus Cushman Pl. 48, fig. 16 Ammodiscus exsertus Cushman, 1910, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, pt. 1, p. 75, figs. 97a, b Recent, Japan; Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 58, pl. 7, figs. 4, 8 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 373, pl. 54, fig. 18 Dayton Is., Ohio; Osgood fm., Ind.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 338, pl. 44, fig. 23 Osgood ls., Mo.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ., p. 20-21, pl. 4, fig. 2 Os- good fm., Ind. Ammodiscus brevitubus Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 339, pl. 44, fig. 4 Osgood Is., Ill. Involutina exserta Gutschick and Treckman, 1959, Jour. Paleont., vol. 33, p. 241, pl. 35, figs. 8, 9 Rockford lIs., Ind.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Surv., Bull. No. 23, p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 3-5 Brassfield ls., Ind. Test free, planispiral, consisting of an ovoid proloculus and a tubular second chamber which makes several revolutions about the proloculus with the final portion gradually uncoiling at a 90° angle to the coiled portion; wall smooth, finely arenaceous, with much cement, aperture circular, at the open end of the uncoiled portion. Length of Length of Diam. of test Diam. neck neck Pl. 48, fig. 16 386 mm. .269 mm. .118 mm. .050 mm. Test length for 15 specimens ranges from .352 mm. to .386; diameter ranges from .251 mm. to .302 mm.; length of neck ranges from .15 to .32 mm. Occurrence.—Abundant. Remarks.—The authors agree with Raymond that Ammodiscus bre- vitubus is not a valid species. The differences which Dunn stated for establishing it as a new species, distinct from Involutina exserta (Cush- man), are a lesser number of whorls and an inflated condition of the test. Comparison of Dunn’s figured specimen with the figured type does not show these differences. Ammeodiscus ineertus (d’Orbigny ) Pl. 49, figs. 3, 4 Operculina incerta d Orbigny, 1839, in Sagra, Historia physique politique naturelle Cuba, ‘‘Foraminiferes’, p. 49, pl. 6, figs. 16, 17 Recent, Cuba. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 201 Ammodiscus incertus Brady, 1884, Rept. Voyage Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 330, pl. 38, figs. 1-3 Recent, North and South Atlantic and South Pacific; Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 58, pl. 7, fig. 7 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 374, pl. 54, fig. 19 Dayton Is., Ohio; Laurel Is., Ind. and Ohio; Osgood fm., Ind.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 338, pl. 44, fig. 23 Osgood Is., Mo.; Ray- mond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Ind. Univ., p. 21-22, pl. 4, fig. 3 Osgood fm., Ind. Ammodiscus minutus Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 339, pl. 44, fig. 44 Osgood Is., Mo. Ammodiscus annularis Ireland, 1956, Jour. Paleont., vol. 30, p. 846, pl. 4, figs. 4-6 Upper Pennsylvanian, Kansas. Involutina incerta Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Surv., Bull. No. 23, p. 19, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 Brassfield Is., Ind. Test free, planispiral, consisting of an ovoid proloculus and a gradu- ally enlarging tubular second chamber which makes fgur to five revolutions about the proloculus; wall smooth, finely arenaceous, with much cement; aperture circular at the open end of the tube. Max. diam. Min, diam. Pl. 49, fig. 3 302 mm. 302 mm. Pl. 49, fig. 4 151 mm. 151 mm. Test diameter for 15 specimens ranges from .201 mm. to .335 mm. Occurrence.—Abundant. Remarks.—This species 1s represented by the largest number of indi- viduals in the fauna and characterizes the assemblage. Ammodiscus biconvexus, n. sp. Pl. 48, figs. 10-12 Test free, about equally biconvex, slightly ellipsoidal in outline with the shorter axis averaging (for six specimens) 4/5 of the length of the longer axis; test consisting of a nearly spherical proloculus and a tubular second chamber which coils about the proloculus for 1-3/4, revolutions; dorsal surface, with all coils visible, shows the second chamber winding from the summit of the proloculus in a low descending spiral to the periphery; only the final revolution visible on the ventral surface; wall thick, siliceous with fine to moderately large quartz grains and much cement ; aperture oblique at the open end of the tubular chamber. Thick- Max. diam. Min. diam. ness Pl. 48, figs. 10, 12, holotype .521 mm. .411 mm. 168 mm. Pl. 48, fig. 11, paratype 586 mm. .403 mm. 185 mm. 202 BULLETIN 209 Range Chart for Six Specimens in mm. Max. diam.(D,) Min. diam.(D,) Thickness (T) TD > aa) il A11 .168 .360 586 403 silts) 374 294 D2 .185 .677 285 .226 .168 .658 DIZ .226 mlesypil Py 2355) .168 51t5)1 SIL Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—The nature of the coiling on the dorsal surface and the biconvex test distinguishes the species. The shape of test approaches tests of the genus Trochammina but unlike forms of that genus the test is un- divided. Ammodiseus compressus, n. sp. Pl. 48, figs. 20-23 Test free, thin in peripheral view; periphery subacute; test consisting of a spherical proloculus and a second chamber increasing rapidly in diam- eter; second chamber coiling planispirally about the proloculus for 1-34 revolutions ; all coils visible from the dorsal surface, only the final volution visible on the ventral surface; sutures on the dorsal side distinct, depressed ; wall composed of medium-sized sand grains with much cement; aperture narrowly elliptical formed by the open end of the tubular second chamber. Thick- Max. diam. Min. diam. ness Pl. 48, figs. 20-22, holotype .604 mm. .470 mm. .118 mm. Pl. 48, fig. 23, paratype 310 mm. .252 mm. .084 mm. Range Chart for Ten Specimens in mm. Max. diam.(D,) Min. diam. (D,) Thickness (T) ZAly/D == 1D), 478 .420 .118 .240 .604 .470 .118 Ali .420 .302 101 oi BL) aye. .084 .298 02 .269 OIL 354 352 .269 SES 380 op .269 .084 .270 285 a5)D) SOIL .396 o> 02 .084 .264 .285 .269 {07D .274 OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 203 Occurrence.—Common, Remarks.—The thin compressed test and the subacute periphery dis- tinguishes this species from other species of Ammodiscus in the fauna. The etymology of the species name compressus refers to the thin test: com- pressus, L., compressed. Ammodiseus moundi, n. sp. Pl. 48, figs. 6-9 Test free, plano-convex, consisting of a proloculus and a tubular, regularly enlarging second chamber which coils about the proloculus for 1-34, revolutions; obliquely flattened in section with all coils visible on the flat surface and final revolution overlapping earlier coils on the convex surface; suture on flat side depressed; wall moderately thick, finely sili- ceous, well cemented and smoothly finished; aperture oblique at the open end of the tubular chamber. Thick- Max. diam. Min. diam. ness Pl. 48, fig. 6, holotype 369 mm. 328 mm. .218 mm. Pl. 48, fig. 8, paratype .143 mm. 134 mm. .101 mm. Pl. 48, fig. 7, paratype 369 mm. 319 mm. .168 mm. Pl. 48, fig. 9, paratype .226 mm. .201 mm. .101 mm. Range Chart for Ten Specimens in mm. Max. diam.(D,) Min. diam.(D,) Thickness (T) ZL AD), =- 1D), All 403 AY oy) 369 328 oils} .626 369 SL) .168 488 .285 S22 all 5yIl 563 AOI aly 134 761 .210 .168 .118 .624 143 134 101 Well .176 Sal: .084 ls) 2p .218 ol LIES} 414 .226 .201 sll 441 Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—This species has close affinities with Ammodiscus plan- oconvexa Paalzou. No range chart is given for A. planoconvexa. The dimensions given for the type, however, show it to be considerably larger with 2 to 2-1/4 revolutions instead of 1-1/,. Moreover, it is about half the thickness for its size of Ammodiscus moundi. 204 BULLETIN 209 This species is named after Mr. Michael Mound, paleontologist on the staff of Indiana University. Genus PSAMMONYX Doderlein, 1892 Psammonyx campbelli, n. sp. Pl. 49, fig. 6 Test free, thin, much compressed; periphery acute; consisting of a spherical proloculus and a rapidly enlarging tubular second chamber coiled loosely and planispirally about the proloculus for 1-34 revolutions; wall finely siliceous, well cemented ; aperture an elongate slit at the open end of the test. Thick- Max. diam. Min. diam. ness Pl. 49, fig. 6, holotype .428 mm. 328 mm. 109 mm. Occurence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—Although Psammonyx is a genus with most known repre- sentatives in the Recent, the authors are placing this species in this genus because of the loosely coiled, highly compressed test. The rapidly expand- ing second chamber and nature of the aperture likewise seem to fit the qualifications of the genus Psammonyx. This species is named in honor of Dr. Guy Campbell, formerly of Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana. Genus BIFURCAMMINA Ireland, 1939 Bifureammina parellela Ireland Pl. 48, figs. 24, 25 Bifurcammina parallela Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 202, pl. B. fig. 37 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ., p. 23, pl. 4, fig. 1 Osgood, Ind. Test free, consisting of an ovoid proloculus and a tubular second chamber; second chamber closely and usually planispirally coiled for three to five revolutions about the proloculus; final whorl somewhat inflated and uncoiling at a 90° angle to the coiled portion, forming a neck; neck with two tubes made by the bifurcation of the final whorl; wall smooth, finely arenaceous with much cement; apertures at the open ends of the tubes; color white. Length of Diam. of Diam. of test test neck Pl. 48, fig. 24 .420 mm. 352 mm. 101 mm. PI. 48, fig. 25 .470 mm. 386 mm. .118 mm. Test length for four specimens ranges from .403 mm. to .420 mm.; OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 205 diameter ranges from .319 mm. to .352 mm.; diameter of neck ranges from ,101 mm. to .118 mm. Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—Although all the Osgood specimens are flattened, occa- sional specimens show an early portion which is glomerately coiled. Apparently none of Ireland’s specimens exhibited this feature. Genus LITUOTUBA Rhumbler, 1895 Lituotuba exserta Moreman Pl. 48, figs. 18, 19 Lituotuba exserta Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 59, pl. 7, figs. 5, 6 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 193, Table 1 Silurian, Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 374, pl. 54, figs. 20, 21 Dayton Is., Ohio, Laurel Is., Osgood fm., Ind.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 339, pl. 44, figs. 33, 37 Bainbridge Is., Mo.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ. p. 25) 26, pl. 4, fig. 7 Osgood fm., Ind.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Surv., Bull. No. 23, p. 21, pl. 1, figs. 6-8 Brassfield Is., Ind. Test free, with an ovoid proloculus and a gradually enlarging, ‘ubular second chamber; test glomerately coiled in early portion, becoming plani- spiral and unwinding in final volution to form a neck at a right angle to the direction of coiling; wall smooth, finely arenaceous with much cement; aperture circular, simple at open end of the tube. Length of Length of Diam of test Diam. neck neck JL Ate, inks. IS} G9) Toovenr, 252 ‘maven, LOL sanvony, 075 mm. Pll, Aish ius, WO) 9 2)3)5) foaveat .134 mm. .134 mm. .084 mm. Length of test for 17 specimens ranges from .302 mm. to .369 mm.; diameter ranges from .134 mm. to .268 mm.; length of neck ranges from .067 mm, to .109 mm. width of neck ranges from .067 mm. to .084 mm. Occurrence.—Abundant. Remarks.—Stewart and Priddy (1941) noted the variation in the shape of the test from circular to elliptical with the longer axis in the latter being parallel to the direction of elongation of the straight portion. Mound (1961) stated “In elliptically shaped tests the direction of elonga- tion may be either parallel to the direction of the extension of the straight portion of the outer coil, or perpendicular to this direction, though remaining in the same plane.” Both circular and elliptical forms are present in this fauna. The elliptical forms show considerable variation in the angle of the axis of the neck (extension of the straight portion of the outer coil) to the circumference of the test. The same forms show varia- 206 BULLETIN 209 tion in the location of the neck on the circumference of the test, These observations suggest deformation. Lituotuba inflata Ireland Pl. 48, fig. 17 Lituotuba inflata Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, .p. 201, pl. B, figs. 34, 35 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 375, pl. 54, fig. 22 Dayton Is., Ohio; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ. p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 8 Osgood fm., Ind.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 23, p. 21, figs. 9-11. Test free, with an ovoid proloculus and a tubular second chamber, glomerately coiled in early portion, becoming planispiral and unwinding in final volution to form a short neck at right angles to the test; final coil and neck noticeably inflated; wall smooth, finely arenaceous; aperture circular at open end of tube. Length of Length of Diam of test Diam. neck neck Pl. 48, fig. 17 369 mm. .285 mm. .134 mm. .084 mm. Occurrence.—Rate. Remarks.—This species is distinguished from L. exserta by the notice- able inflation of the final whorl and its uncoiled portion. Ireland described the neck as “equal in length to about two-thirds the width of the test.” The Osgood specimens have shorter necks. Lituotuba gallowayi, n. sp. Pl. 48, figs. 13-15 Test free, consisting of a spherical proloculus and a tubular loosely coiled, rapidly enlarging, second chamber; second chamber coils from the proloculus and slightly away from the planispiral for about 1-1/4 revolu- tions, then unwinds to form a short neck; unwound portion lies in a direction tangential to the direction of coiling; neck measures from a third to half the length of test (three specimens) ; wall finely siliceous and smooth ; aperture circular and somewhat constricted at the open end of the uncoiled portion of test. Length of Max. diam. Min. diam. Length of test Diam. of neck of neck neck RAS tices. holotype .360 mm. .285 mm. .151 mm. .084 mm. 134 mm- Pl. 48, fig. 13, paratype 28) mm. ~20i! mm “134 mm) (07/5 mimesis Pl. 48, fig. 14, paratype 320 mm. .194 mm. .118 mm. — — Oscoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 207 Length of test for three specimens ranges from .285 mm. to .360 mm.; maximum diameter ranges from .194 mm. to .285 mm.; maximum diameter of neck ranges from .118 to .151 mm.; minimum diameter of neck ranges from .075 mm. to .084 mm.; length of neck ranges from .118 mm. to .134 mm. Occurrence.—Uncommon. Remarks.—The rather rapidly enlarging tubular second chamber, the loose coiling and manner of coiling distinguish this species. This species is named in honor of Dr, J. J. Galloway, late Emeritus professor of paleontology of Indiana University. Lituotuba laticervis, n. sp. Pl. 49, fig. 5 Test free, consisting of an assumed proloculws which is not dis- tinguishable from a tubular second chamber of one revolution which un- winds to become rectilinear with the rectilinear portion lying on approx- imately the same plane and at right angles to the coiled portion; the uncoiled portion or neck is approximately half the length of the test; wall thick, siliceous with much cement; aperture circular and somewhat con- stricted at the open end of the test. Length of Diam. across Length of | Diam. of test coiled portion neck neck Pl. 49) fig. 5, holotype 53 mm. .285 mm) .201 mm. .168 mm. Occurrence.—Rarte, one specimen. Remarks.—The wide stout neck of this species is its distinguishing feature. The most closely related species is Litwotuba salinensis Dunn (1942). This single specimen of L. laticervis is over twice the size of Dunn’s species. The diameter of the neck is over half the diameter of the coiled portion while Dunn’s illustration shows the neck of his species about a third of the diameter of the coiled portion. The etymology of the species derives from /atws, L., wide and cervicis L., little neck. Genus GLOMOSPIRA Rzehak, 1888 Glomospira siluriana Ireland Pl. 49, fig. 2 Glomospira siluriana Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 201, pl. B, figs. 27, 28 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; G. cf. stluriana Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana University p. 24, pl. 4, fig. 5 Osgood fm., Ind. Test free, consisting of a proloculus and a tubular, gradually enlarg- ing second chamber which is coiled in varying planes around the pro- 208 BULLETIN 209 loculus for 3-14 to 5 revolutions; wall smooth, finely arenaceous with much cement; aperture at the open end of the tube. Max. diam. Min. diam. Pl, 49, fig. 2 .403 mm. 352 mm. Occurrence.—Rate. Remarks,—Raymond, 1955, reported this species from the Osgood of Indiana. He remarked that the few specimens recovered were smaller than Ireland’s type specimens. The two specimens recovered in this fauna parallel Ireland’s types in size. Glomospira articulosa Plummer IPIRFAO fie. 1 Glomospira articulosa Plummer, 1945, Bur. Econ. Geol., Pub., No. 4401 p. 233, pl. 16, figs. 21-25 Marble Falls, Smithwick and lower Strawn—Texas; Ireland, 1956, Jour. Paleont., vol. 30, no. 4, p. 847, text—fig. 4, figs. 7-10 Upper Pennsylvanian—Kan.; Gutschick and Treckman, 1959, Jour. Paleont., vol. 33, no. 2, p. 242, 243, pl. 35, figs. 17-19 Rockford Is., Ind.; Conkin, 1961, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 43, no. 196, p. 295, 296, pl. 22 fig. 10, pl. 27 figs. 1, 17 Mississippian, Ky., northern Tenn., southern Ind., and south central Ohio. Test compact, composed of a proloculus and a tubular, slowly enlarg- ing coiled portion; convolutions without definite arrangement; wall silice- ous, finely arenaceous with much cement; apertures two, formed by the hollow ends of the tube. Length of test Diam. of test Pl. 49, fig. 1 .640 mm. .640 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—The compact test, the size and lack of definite arrange- ment of the convolutions conform to Mrs. Plummer’s type species. The single specimen recovered appears to have suffered distortion so that it is roughly triangular in cross section. The appearance of this species in the Osgood strata extends considerably the range of the species since the type species was recorded from strata of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age. Family SACCAMMINIDAE Brady, 1884 Subfamily PSAMMOSPHAERINAE Cushman, 1927 Genus PSAMMOSPHAERA Schulze, 1875 Psammeosphaera cava Moreman Pl. 49, figs. 7-10 Psammosphaera arcuata Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 323, pl. 42, figs. 14, 24 Brassfield Is., Ill. Oscoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 209 Psammosphaera conjunctiva Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 323, pl. 42, fig. 28 Osgood Is., Mo. Psammosphaera excerpta Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 323, pl. 42, figs. 7, 8 Osgood |s., Il. Psammosphaera gigantea Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 323, pl. 42, fig. 9 Osgood Is., Tenn. Psammosphaera minuta Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 323, pl. 42, figs. 10-12 Bainbridge |s., Mo. Psammosphaera cava Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 48, pl. 6, fig. 12 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 192, 193, table 1 Silurian, Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 371, pl. 54, figs. 8, 9 Osgood fm., Ind.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 322, pl. 42, fig. 6 Osgood Is., Mo.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ. p. 11, 12, pl. 3, fig. 4 Osgood fm., Ind.; Gutschick and Treckman, 1959, Jour. Paleont., vol. 33, p. 232, pl. 33, figs. 6, 7 Rockford Is., Ind.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 26, 27, pl. 2, figs. 2-6 Brassfield Is., Ind. Test free, spherical; wall thin to thick composed of medium-sized to coarse sand grains; aperture not apparent. Max. diam. Min. diam. Pl. 49, fig. 8 Ils saaven, 118 mm. Pll 49, fig. 9 .420 mm. .244 mm. PIL, AQ, ries, 10 .420 mm. .420 mm. PIL, AQ) rake, 7 .840 mm. .622 mm. Diameter for 30 specimens ranges from .118 mm. to .822 mm. Occurrence.—Abundant Remarks.—The above synonomy lists species of differing form. Gut- schick and Treckman (1951) found from a study of the genus that the test is subject to deformation, resulting in frequently recurring forms. The Osgood specimens placed in this species likewise show recurring forms, variation in size of test, thickness of wall and grain size. With gradational forms present size of test and wall thickness do not seem valid criteria for specific designation. The authors agree with Mound that grain-size varia- tions can result from material available to the organism. Psammosphaera laevigata White Pl. 49, fig. 19 Psammosphaera pusilla Parr, 1942, Royal Soc. Western Australia, Jour., vol. 27, p. 106, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7 Lingula beds—Western Australia, Psammosphaera laevigata White, 1928, Jour. Paleont., vol. 2, p. 183, pl. 27, gs. la, b Velasco fm., Mexico; Mound 1961, Ind. Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 27, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8 Brassfield Is., Ind. Test free, spheroidal; wall thin to thick, smooth and silky in appear- ance, finely arenaceous and well cemented ; aperture not apparent. 210 BULLETIN 209 Max. diam. Min. diam. Pl. 49, fig. 19 420 mm. .403 mm. Diameter for eight specimens ranges from .26 mm. to .436 mm. Occurrence —Common. Remarks.—Vhe spheroidal shape and the finely arenaceous, smooth texture distinguish these forms. Some specimens are flattened as in White’s figure. Genus STEGNAMMINA Moreman, 1930 Stegnammina cylindrica Moreman Pl. 49, figs. 11, 12 Stegnammina trangularis Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 49, pl. 7, fig. 11 Chimneyhill Is., Okla. Stegnammina elongata Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 194, pl. A, fig. 17 Haragan sh., Okla. Stegnammina cylindrica biens Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 325, pl. 42, fig. 25 Brassfield ls., Mo. Stegnammina cylindrica Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 49, pl. 7, fig. 12 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 25, pl. 1, figs. 26, 27 Brassfield ls., Ind. Test free, cylindrical to subcylindrical with ends somewhat flattened ; wall thin, composed of fine to medium-sized sand grains well cemented ; aperture not apparent. Length of test Diam. AL, 4D yy, U2 335 mm. .168 mm. Pl, 49, fig. 11 .420 mm. .185 mm. The length of seven specimens ranges from .310 mm. to .470 mm; diameter ranges from .168 mm. to .252 mm. Occurrence —Common. Remarks.—Stegnammuna cylindrica seems to vaty considerably. The authors agree with Mound that the variations in length and test shape do not warrant separation into species. Genus THEKAMMINA Dunn, 1942 Thekammina quadrangularis Dunn Pl. 49, figs. 13, 14 Thekammina quadrangularis Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 326, pl. 42 Brassfield Is., Ill.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Surv., Bull. IN@, 23, jS. 25, yall. il, ime, BS: Test free, box-shaped with depressed faces; wall thin to thick, com- posed of medium-sized sand grains; aperture not apparent. Length of test Diam. PL, AS), sayy, 13) 470 mm. .201 mm. Pl. 49, fig. 14 .252 mm. 118 mm. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT DA Test length for six specimens ranges from .235 mm. to .470 mm.; diameter ranges from .118 mm. to .235 mm. Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—The box-shaped test distinguishes the species. Unlike Dunn and Mound’s specimens 7’. guwadrangularis of this fauna is not coarsely arenaceous. Genus CERATAMMINA Ireland, 1939 Ceratammina cornucopia Ireland Pl. 49, figs. 17, 18 Ceratammina cornucopia Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont. vol. 13, No. 2, p. 196, figs. A-31, 32 Devonian, Okla. Test free, horn-shaped; wall thin, smooth, finely arenaceous, well cemented; aperture not apparent. Length of test Pl. 49, fig. 17 .285 fm. Pl. 49, fig. 18 310 mm. Test length for seven specimens ranges from .201 mm. to .352 mm. Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—The Osgood specimens are somewhat smaller than Ire- land’s figured type. The initial end of the majority of the specimens is somewhat rounder and less blunt. Genus SOROSPHAERA Brady, 1879 Sorosphaera bicella Dunn Pl. 49, fig. 16 Sorosphaera bicelloidea Stewart and Lampe, 1947, Jour. Paleont., vol. 21, p. 533, 534, pl. 78, figs. 5a, b, c, Delaware Is., Ohio; Summerson, 1958, Jour. Paleont., vol. 32, p. 551, pl. 81, fig. 14 Columbus Is., Ohio. Sorosphaera bicella Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 325, pl. 42, figs. 17, 18 Bainbridge Is., Mo., Brassfield Is., Ill.; Summerson, 1958, Jour. Paleont., vol. 32, p. 551, pl. 81, fig. 13 Columbus Is., Ohio; Mound, 1961, Indiana cee Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 33, 34, pl. 3, figs. 4-6 Brassfield Is., Ind. Test free, composed of two spherical chambers; wall thin, smooth, composed of fine to medium-sized sand grains; apertures not apparent. Diameters of individual chambers Pl. 49, fig. 16 0.134 mm. Diameters of individual chambers of five specimens range from .101 mm. to .134 mm. Occurrence.—Uncommon Remarks.—Sorosphaera bicella Dunn resembles Webbinella gibbosa Ireland. The former has a free test and inflated chambers, while the latter species is attached and plano-convex. AWD BULLETIN 209 Sorosphaera tricella Moreman Pl. 49, fig. 15 Sorosphaera irregularis Grubbs, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 544, pl. 61, fig. 4 Niagaran series, Ill. Sorosphaera tricella Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 49, pl. 5. figs. 12, 14 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 325, pl. 42, fig. 15 Bainbridge ls., Mo.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Ind. Univ., p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 5 Osgood fm., Ind.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 23, p. 34, pl. 3, figs. 7-10 Brassfield fm., Ind. Test free, composed of three lobate chambers, closely joined in one plane; wall thin, finely arenaceous, surface smooth, apertures not apparent. Diameters of individual chambers Pl. 49, fig. 15 .151 mm to .252 mm. Occurrence.—Rare. Remarks.—The Osgood specimens appear identical with Moreman’s type specimens. Sorosphaera osgoodensis Stewart and Priddy which has four or more chambers in one plane could conceivably break up into a smaller number of chambers and so resemble S. fricella or S. bicella de- pending on the number of chambers remaining after breakage. Professor D. E. Hattin of Indiana University is currently engaged in a study of related sphaerical forms from the Waldron shale of Indiana. He showed the authors a series of photographs of an ontogenetic sequence he had assembled. It is probable that one species of Sorosphaera may result from this study and the forms with a lesser number of chambers prove to be stages. Genus RAIBOSAMMINA Moreman, 1930 Raibosammina sp. Pl. 49, fig. 22 Test free, subcylindrical, chamber crooked but not branched; wall of unequal thickness; surface rough; aperture not apparent. Length of test Max. diam. Min. diam. Pl. 49; fig. 22 .84 mm. .226 mm. 134 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks —Dunn, 1942, in describing Razbosammina aspera More- man, remarked that numerous specimens of irregular sizes and shapes were found in the Silurian of the Mississippi basin that may belong to this genus and this species. Genus SHIDELERELLA Dunn, 1942 Shidelerella bicuspidata Dunn Pl. 49, fig. 21 Shidelerella bicuspidata Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 329, pl. 43, fig. 1 Osgood ls., Ill. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 213 Test, elongate fusiform, with tapering neck and two small, short pro- jections at opposite end of test, wall thick, composed of medium-sized sand grains, well cemented; aperture simple at end of neck, none apparent at ends of the small projections. Length of test Diam. PI. 49, fig. 21 570 mm. 328 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—The test of the Osgood specimen is about half the size of Dunn’s type, though the proportions closely approximate the type. The wall is thick instead of thin. Shidelerella elongata Dunn Pl. 49, fig. 23 Shidelerella elongata Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. WG, p. 329, pl. 42, figs. 32, 33 Bainbridge Is., Mo. Test free, elongate, cylindrical, with a tapering neck at either extremity of the test; wall thin, composed of medium-sized sand grains with much cement; aperture a circular opening at the end of the longer neck, not determinable at end of the shorter neck. Length of test Length of Length of with necks Diam. Longer neck shorter neck Pl. 49; fig. 23 16 mm. .26 mm. 075 mm. .042 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen, Remarks.—Dunn gave no measurements on the length of the tubes but his type figure seems to conform to the Osgood specimen. Genus LAGENNAMMINA M. Sars, 1869 Lagennamina stilla Moreman Pl. 49, fig. 20 Lagennamina stilla Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 51, pl. 6, fig. 9 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 193, table 1, pl. A., fig. 22 Silurian, Okla.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 327, pl. 42, figs. 30, 31 Joliet Is., Ill.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ., p. 10, 11, pl. 3, fig. 2 Osgood fm., Ind.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 1 Brassfield Is., Ind. Test free, flask-shaped ; wall arenaceous, thin, smooth, aperture circular at the end of the neck. Length of test Diam. PI. 49, fig. 20 DUT sanvan, .201 mm. Length of test for two specimens is .18 mm. and .277 mm.; diameter is .14 mm. and .201 mm. Occurence.—Rate. 214 BULLETIN 209 Remarks.—Size of test compares to Raymond’s and Mound’s speci- mens rather than Moreman’s type specimen. Lagennamina bulbosa Dunn Pl. 50; fig. 1 Lagennamina bulbosa Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 327, pl. 42, figs. 21, 26 Osgood |s., Ill.: Brassfield Is., Ill. Test free, spherical with short neck; wall thin, composed of medium- sized to coarse sand grains with much cement; surface rough; aperture circular at the end of neck. The diameter of test for three specimens ranges from .45 mm. to .503 mm.; diameter of neck ranges from .084 mm. to .134 mm.; length of neck ranges from .101 mm. to .120 mm. Occurrence —Uncommon. Remarks.—The Osgood specimens compare in size and form to Dunn’s type. However, the wall is thin, while he described the type as having a thick wall. Lagennamina sphaerica Moreman Pl. 50; fig. 2 Lagennamina sphaerica Moreman 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 51, pl. 5, fig. 15 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Dunn 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, No. 3, p. 327, pl. 42, fig. 29; Gutschick and Treckman, 1959, Jour. Paleont., vol. 33, p. 233, pl. 33, fig. 14; Gutschick, Weiner and Young, 1961, Jour. Paleont., vol. 35, No. 6, p. 1207, 1208, pl. 147, figs. 15, 17, 18; text—figs. 3-8, 4-8 Lower Mississippian—Okla. and Texas. Test small, spherical in shape with elongated neck; wall thin, smooth, composed of silt-sized quartz grains well cemented. Length of Length of Diam. of test Diam. neck neck PL, SO); 38%, 2 310 mm. oll7/3) soatan. .067 mm. .042 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—The single specimen recovered from the fauna is some- what distorted. The size and shape of test agrees with Moreman’s type, but the wall is composed of finer sized sand grains. Genus AMPHICERVICIS Mound, 1961 Amphicervicis elliptica Mound Pl. 50, fig. 7 Amphicervicis elliptica Mound 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 29, pl. 2., figs. 14-20; text fig. 4 Brassfield Is., Indiana. Length of test including projections Diam. PAL SO), shee 7/ .403 mm. .285 mm. Oscoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT DANS, Test attached, externally unilocular, plano-convex in outline; wall finely arenaceous, smooth, well cemented; apertures at the end of two short projections located at either extremity of the test. Occurrence.—Rarte, one specimen. Remarks.—No attempt was made at sectioning the single specimen recovered. Consequently, the internal chambers were not observed. The attached test, the ratio of the length of test to the diameter and general description conforms to Mound’s type specimens. Genus PROTEONINA Williamson, 1858 Proteonina acuta Dunn Pl. 50, fig. 4 Proteonina acuta Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, No. 3, p. 326, pl. 43, fig. 2 Osgood Is., Ill. Test free, flask-shaped, chamber narrowing sree upward leaving no line of demarcation to form a neck; wall thin, composed of fine sand grains with much cement, surface rough; aperture at terminus of tapered portion of test. Length of test Max. diam. Pl. 50, fig. 4 335 mm. .210 mm. The length of test for three specimens is .335 mm. Diameter ranges from .168 mm. to .210 mm. Occurrence—Uncommon. Remarks.—The Osgood specimens are somewhat more blunt at the apex than Dunn’s figured specimen, but they are less so than the figured type of Proteonina jolietensis Dunn, 1942. The dimensions conform to those given by Dunn for P. acuta. Proteonina cumberlandiae Conkin PAL, SHO), inkess, Tal, Proteonina cumberlandiae Conkin, 1961, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 43, No. 194, p. 248, pl. 19, figs. 1-3; pl. 26, figs. 4, 5 Mississippian—Ky., southern Ind., northern Tenn., southcentral Ohio. Test free, unilocular with a tapered neck; chamber teardrop-shaped, 1.3 to 1.6 longer than width of test for two specimens; wall of finely siliceous grains in siliceous cement; aperture at tapered end of test. Length of Length of Diam. of Diam. base Diam. end test chamber — chamber of neck — of neck PI. 50, fig. 12 .294 mm. .235 mm. .168 mm. .059 mm. .05 mm. PPS Omiget i e218 mms 218) mms 134 mom: — = Occurrence.—Rate, two specimens. 216 BULLETIN 209 Remarks.—Both Osgood specimens have the test compressed and in one the neck appears broken off. The shape of the test and the measure- ments conform to this species. The authors, however, have some reserva- tions concerning this species. It is difficult to delineate a point at which the neck begins because the tapering is gradual. The distinction between this species and P. acuta Dunn (1942) does not appear clear cut enough to eliminate the possibility of gradational forms between the two species. Proteonina perryi, n. sp. Pl. 50, fig. 8 Test free, single chambered; shape resembling somewhat a violin with an ovoid test slightly constricted in the middle portion and having one end rounded and the other with a blunt, tapered neck; wall of fine to medium- sized grains in siliceous cement; aperture circular at the end of the neck. Length of test Diam. of test Length of neck Pl. 50, fig. 8, holotype .554 mm. 310 mm. 05 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. Remarks.—The authors consider this single specimen sufficiently well preserved and the distinguishing characteristics pronounced enough to establish a new species. This species is named in honor of Dr. Thomas G. Perry, professor of Geology at Indiana University. Proteonina cf. P. jolietensis Dunn Al, 50, se 3 Proteonina jolietensis Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 326, pl. 43, fig. 2 Brassfield Is., Ill. Test free, flask-shaped, somewhat constricted, at the apertural end but without a neck; base of test broadly rounded; wall thick, finely siliceous, well cemented; aperture opening at the apex of the test. Length of test Max. diam. of test | Min. diam. of test across apertural end ell, 5O, te, 2 .470 mm. 22 ‘arin. .084 mm. The single specimen recovered from the fauna has suffered distortion. Although the specimen has dimensions nearly double those which Dunn gave for P. jolietensis the general form and shape of the test conform to this species. Proteonina cervicifera Cushman and Waters Pl. 50, figs. 9, 10 Proteonina cervicifera Cushman and Waters, 1928, Contri. Cush. Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, pt. 2, No. 59, p. 33 Strawn, Pennsylvanian. Test free, somewhat compressed consisting of a single spherical- shaped chamber and a short, stout neck; neck measuring a third of the . aan ————- OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 217 length of the chamber (two specimens) ; wall of coarse sand grains with siliceous cement; aperture an opening at the end of the neck. Diam. of neck Diam. of neck Length of neck Diam. of test at base at apex PI. 50, fig.9 .420 mm. 302 mm. .201 mm. .168 mm. Length of test for two specimens is .403 mm. and .420 mm. ; diameter is .302 for both; length of neck is .084 mm, and .101 mm.; diameter of neck at base is .176 mm. and .201 mm.; diameter of neck at apex is .151 mm. and .168 mm. Remarks.—This is the first record of this species in the Silurian. It is distinguished by its spherical test and short stout neck. Proteonina cf. P. wallingfordensis Conkin 7 Pl. 50, figs. 5, 6 Two specimens of Profeonina were recovered which are golf-club- shaped with short, blunt, slightly tapering necks, located off center and to one margin of the test. These may be highly distorted specimens of P. wallingfordensis to which they otherwise appear to conform. The pos- sibility, however, exists that the shape of the test is original and these are a different species. The insufficient number of recovered forms leaves the question open. Length of Diam. of Length of Diam. base Diam. end chamber = chamber neck of neck of neck Pip Osicas e285 mm. 420 mm. .067 mm, 151 mm. 101 mm- i Ospiicaone2 500 mina 2569) mm. 05 mm: 10 mm: 075 sm. Occurrence.—Rate. Remarks.—Conkin distinguished P. wallingfordensis from P. cervici- fiera by its slender more tapering neck. Genus THURAMMINA H. B. Brady, 1879 Thurammina arcuata Moreman Pl. 50, figs. 21, 22 Thurammina arcuata Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 54, pl. 6, figs. 2-3 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 193, pl. B, fig. 8 Silurian, Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 372, pl. 54, fig. 14; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 329, pl. 43, fig. 23 Raymer: 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ., p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 6 Osgood m., Ind. Test free, small, inflated, subspherical to arcuate; wall thin, smooth, finely arenaceous, well cemented ; apertures at the ends of two or three pro- jections located along the margin of the test. 218 BULLETIN 209 Length of test Diam. Pil, SO), ig, 22 .201 mm. .168 mm. Pll, SO, 21%, 2il .218 mm. .201 mm. The length of test for three specimens ranges from .201 mm. to .218; diameter ranges from .14 mm. to .201 mm. Occurrence.—Uncommon, three specimens. Remarks.—The Osgood specimens are smaller than Moreman’s type and bear a greater resemblance to Ireland’s figured specimens. The prob- ability exists that with a sufficient number of specimens a complete onto- genetic sequence could be found showing successive stages in the number of projections. Thurammina coronata Dunn Pl. 50, fig. 20 Thurammina coronata Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 331, pl. 43, fig. 18. Test free, crown-shaped, with two tubular projections at either end of test and one or more prominent projections extending upward; wall thin, composed of medium-to large-sized sand grains, much cement; surface rough; apertures at end of tubes. Length of test Length of one Width of one including projections Diam. projection projection Pl, SO, ie, 2D 32S) faaren, 252, Karr, O67 raven, .084 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—The shape of the test and the placement of the projections distinguish the species. Thurammina elliptica Moreman Pl. 50, fig. 23 Thurammina elliptica Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 54, pl. 5, figs. 2, 4 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 193, pl. B, fig. 7, Table 1 Silurian, Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 373, pl. 54, fig. 16 Osgood fm., Ind.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 329, pl. 43, fig. 33 Brassfield Is., Mo. Test free, elliptical in outline; wall thin, finely arenaceous, well cemented ; apertures two at the end of short tubelike protuberances, located centrally at opposite extremities of the test. Length of test including protuberances Diam. Pl, SO, me; 23 .269 mm. .193 mm. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 219 Occurrence.—Rartre. Remarks.—Thurammina elliptica may be distinguished from its con- geners by its elliptical form. Some specimens may show the apertures located eccentrically. Thurammina foerstei Dunn Pl. 50, fig. 13 Thurammina foerstei Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 331, pl. 43, fig. 27 Osgood Is., Ill. Mo.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ. p. 16, pl. 3, fig. 10 Osgood fm., Ind.; Mound, 1961, Indiana Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 25, ipl. 1, figs. 24, 25 Brassfield ls., Ind. Test free, sphaeroidal; wall smooth, finely arenaceous, well cemented ; apertures two at the end of short tubelike protuberance located at opposite extremities of the test. Length of test * Diam. PIL SO, img, 13 .218 mm. .218 mm. Occurrence.—Rate. Remarks.—Thurammina foerster differs from its congener T. ellzptica Moreman by its sphaeroidal shape and its short rounded projections. Thurammina cf. T.? hexactinellida Dunn Pl. 50, fig. 14 Thurammina? hexactinellida Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 332, pl. 43, figs. 19, 36 Osgood |s., Ill.; Brassfield Is., Ill. Test free, depressed spherical; wall thick of medium-sized sand grains, surface rough; apertures at the ends of spinelike protuberances with four equally spaced protuberances present in one plane, a fifth present in a plane at right angles to the former, and a sixth probably originally present but broken in the same plane, on the opposite side of the test. Length of Width of Max. diam. Min. diam. protuberance protuberance Pl. 50, fig. 14 .470 mm. .436 mm. .084 mm. 101 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks—The form and dimensions of the Osgood specimen par- allels Dunn’s type. Thurammina irregularis Moreman Pl. 50, figs. 18, 19 Thurammina irregularis Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 521, pl. 6, figs. 1, 5 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 330, pl. 43, figs. 13, 14 Osgood Is. and Joliet Is., Ill. 220 BULLETIN 209 Test free, subspherical; wall thick, composed of fine to medium-sized sand grains, well cemented; apertures located at the ends of a variable number of nipple-like protuberances which given an irregular outline to the test. Max. diam. Min. diam. Pl SO, se, 19 .302 mm. .294 mm. Pl, 50, ime, We 403) nam 319 mm. Occurrence —Uncommon. Remarks.—No attached linear series of chambers, as described by Moreman, was found, but this may be because of the lack of a sufficient number of specimens. Although Moreman described the species as having a thin wall the few specimens of this fauna have a thick wall. Thurammina papillata monticulifera Ireland Pl. 50, fig. 15 Thurammina papillata var. monticulifera Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 197, fig. A-35 Silurian, Okla.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 330, pl. 43, figs. 15, 24. Test free, irregular in outline; wall thin with rough surface due to irregularly spaced monticules of medium-to large-sized sand grains; aper- tures at the end of the protuberances. Max, diam. Length of Diam. of including projections Min. diam. projection projection I SO), sas 115) .797 mm. le) Tonto, LIS} sooven, = LAE isavawe Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—This specimen resembles those of Dunn more than those of Ireland in the irregular outline of test and irregular spacing of monti- cules. Thurammina? cf. T. seminaformis Dunn Pl. 50, fig. 17 Thurammina? seminaformis Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 333, pl. 44, figs. 2-5 Brassfield Is., Ill. Test free, seed-shaped; wall finely arenaceous, well cemented; surface smooth; two short projections located in medium plane of test at the elongated extremities. Length of test Diam. El, SO), sey. iL7/ 319 mm. .168 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks—Dunn has described this species as a good index fossil of the Brassfield formation. The single specimen recovered seems to conform to his description and figured types. Oscoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 22) Thurammina slocomi Dunn Pl. 50, fig. 16 Thurammina slocomi Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont. vol. 16, p. 333, pl. 43, figs. 8, 12 Osgood |s., Ill. Test free, quadrate in outline, rounded above the upper part of test and somewhat flatter below; four nipple-like protuberances marking the corners of the test, the two uppermost extending directly outward and the two lower projecting downward; wall siliceous composed of moderate- sized sand grains with much cement; apertures at the ends of the projec- tions. Length of test Distance between including projections Diam. lower projections PIL, SO), Wie, WO = sfeXOy Taavan, .252 mm. .235 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. 7 Remarks.—The measurements of this specimen approximate those of Dunn’s figured types. Genus CRONEISELLA Dunn, 1942 Croneisella typa Dunn Pl. 50, fig. 24 Croneisella typa Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, 335, pl. 44, figs. 10, 11. Test free, cylindrical, slightly constricted in central part; wall thin, finely arenaceous with much cement; apertures at the ends of two short sloping necks located at either end of test. Length of test including necks Diam. PI. 50, fig. 24 570 mm. .252 mm. Occurrence.—Rarte. Remarks.—The single specimen recovered conforms to Dunn's type with the exception that the central part of the test shows less constriction. Subfamily WEBBINELLINAE Cushman, 1929 Genus THOLOSINA Rbhumbler, 1895 Tholosina convexa Moreman IPG ils cies Tet Tholosina convexa Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 55, pl. 5, fig. 17. Test attached, free part convex in shape and attached part assuming shape of object to which it grew; wall thin, finely arenaceous; aperture at the end of a single projection extending from the attached surface. DDD BULLETIN 209 Length of test including projection Diam. Length of projection Al, Sik ane 319 mm. 185 mm. .033 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. Remarks.—Vhe single specimen recovered parallels Moreman’s type figure. Tholosina acinaciforma, n. sp. Pil, Sil, en 12 Test attached, scimitar-shaped; upper surface convex and lower sur- face assuming concave form resulting from attachment; wall thin, finely arenaceous ; aperture an opening at the pointed end of the test. Length of test Max. diam. Min. diam. PI. 51, fig. 12, holotype 369 mm. 151 mm. .084 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—This species is distinguished by the scimitar-shaped out- line of the test. The etymology refers to the shape of the test; acznaces, L., scimitar and forma, L., form. Tholosina acuta, n. sp. (PL. Sil, saves, ial Test probably attached, elongate; one end of test bluntly rounded and the other sharply pointed; wall siliceous with fine to medium-sized sand grain; aperture an opening at the end of the pointed projection. Length of test Diam. Length of projection PI. 51, fig. 11, holotype .436 mm. .218 .067 Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Remarks.—Thete 1s little doubt this specimen belongs to the genus Tholosina although no surface of attachment is observable. In outline it resembles somewhat Tholosina elongata Moreman. Its sharp pointed pro- jection with a single aperture distinguishes the species. The etymology of the species refers to the projection; acutus, L., sharp at the end or ending in sharp point. Tholesina corniculata, n. sp. Pl. 51, fig. 10 Test roughly horn-shaped, one surface more convex than the other; appears to have been attached by the flatter surface; test slightly oblique in side view; wall moderately thick, finely siliceous, aperture an opening in the narrow projecting end of the test. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 223 Length of test Max. diam. Diam, across projection PI. 51, fig. 10, holotype .386 235 059 Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. Remarks.—The shape of the test and single projection distinguishes the species. The etymology of the species refers to the hornlike shape of the test: corniculalus, L., from corniculum L., horn. Tholosina rostrata, n. sp. Pl. 51, fig. 13 Test attached, roughly hemispherical in outline with one margin curved and the other nearly straight; one end of test with a short, stubby beak-shaped projection, the other end forming a straight line with the margins; attached surface concave and the free surface convex; wall finely siliceous and smoothly finished; aperture an opening at the end of the pro- jection. Length of test Max, diam. Min. diam. Pl. 51, fig. 13, holotype .285 mm. .176 mm. 08 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. Remarks.—The short beak-shaped projection distinguishes the species. The etymology of the species refers to the shape of the projection; rostra- tus, L., from rostratum, L., beak. Genus METAMORPHINA Browne, n. gen. Type species,—W ebbinella tholsus (Moreman), 1933, Jour. Paleont., vol. 7 No. 4, p. 395, pl. 47, figs. 8, 10. Generic diagnosis —Test attached, plano-convex, varying in outline from circular to oval to linear; often surrounded by a marginal flange; single chambered to multichambered; wall of fine sand grains, smooth to roughly finished with the basal wall thin and frequently missing; aperture not apparent. Discussion.—The present genus 1s described to fill a vacancy for forms left without assignment when Loeblich and Tappan (1957) revised the description of the genus Webbinella, Their examination of the holotype of Webbina hemispherica Parker, Jones, and Brady [type species Web- binella (Rhumbler) | showed it to be an attached polymorphinid form belonging to the calcareous genera. As a consequence Webbinella was placed in the family Lituolidae. For the arenaceous forms previously assigned to Webbinella, Loeblich and Tappan proposed a twofold solution. They erected a new genus, Hemzisphaerammina, for the single chambered forms and allocated the multilocular forms to the genus Webbinelloidea. > 224 BULLETIN 209 The only distinction drawn between Hemisphaerammina and Webbinel- loidea by Loeblich and Tappan is the number of chambers. This separa- tion seemed warranted to them by their observations concerning the various species of Webbinelloidea as well as by Stewart and Lampe’s selection of a two-chambered form as type species of Webbinelloidea. The authors do not concur with Loeblich and Tappan’s views for disposal of the arenaceous forms originally assigned to Webbimella. By assigning all multilocular forms to Webbinelloidea they are in opposition to two genezic concepts. Rhumbler, in defining the genus Webbmella, speci- fically notes the marginal flange as being taxonomically characteristic of the genus. Stewart and Lampe, accepting Rhumbler’s definition for Web- binella, erected the genus Webbinelloidea for forms not possessing a marginal flange. In so doing they likewise observed that Webbinelloidea differs from Webbinella solely by the absence of a flange. Loeblich and Tappan made no mention of the presence or absence of a marginal flange. Forms, both with and without a flange but otherwise identical, are present in the Osgood fauna. Consideration was given to emending the descriptions of the genera Hemisphaerammina and Webb- melloidea to include these forms. The authors are of the opinion, how- ever, that basic differences other than the presence or absence of a flange require the restriction of these non-Webbinelloideas. Forms encompassed under Metamorphina, n. genus, differ from Webbinelloidea in the structure of the basal or attaching wall. While Webbinelloidea neatly always has a thick floor, the basal wall is frequently absent in Metamorphina, n. genus or, if present, is thin. In the latter instance, close contact was apparently maintained between the protoplasm and the attaching surface eliminating the necessity for a thick floor. The etymology of the generic name Metamorphina refers to the vati- ous changes encompassed in the genus—changes in form of outline as well as the presence or absence of a marginal flange: meta, Gr., between, among, often used in compounds to imply change, and morphe, Gr., form. Metamorphina gibbosa (Ireland) Webbinella gibbosa Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 198, pl. B, figs. 23, 24 Chimneyhill Is., Okla. Test attached, plano-convex, surrounded by a narrow marginal flange; bilocular with chambers somewhat broader than long, separated by a par- tition; wall siliceous, well cemented; aperture not apparent. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 225 Length of test Diameter * Specimen A .403 mm. .269 mm. *Specimen B .470 mm. 319 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, two specimens. Remarks.—This species differs from two-chambered forms of M. tholsus of similar outline by the higher convexity of its chambers and a less depressed and pronounced suture between the chambers. The exterior narrow flange seems to be characteristic of the species. The surface is not so smoothly finished as that of two-chambered specimens of M. tholsus, but this may be due solely to the particular specimens retrieved and the lack of numbers. Metamorphina tholsus (Moreman) Pl. 51, figs. 1-9 Sorosphaera geometrica Eisenack, 1954, Senckenbergiana Wthaca, vol. 35, No. 1-2, p. 61, pl. 4, figs. 19, 20, pl. 5, figs. 2-6; text-fig. 1 Silurian—Gotland; Gutshick, Weiner and Young 1961, Jour. Paleont. vol. 35, No. 6, p. 1205, pl. 147, 11-14, 16 Lodgepole Is., Mont. Webbinella quadripartita Moreman, 1933, Jour. Paleont., vol. 7, No. 4, p. 396, pl. 47, figs. 4, 7 Haragan fm., Okla.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis Indiana Univ. p. 18, pl. 3, fig. 12 Osgood fm., Ind. Webbinella gibbosa Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ., p. 17, pl. 3, fig. 11 Osgood fm., Ind. Webbinella sp. A. Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ. p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 13 Osgood fm., Ind. Webbinella sp. B. Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ. p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 14 Osgood fm., Ind. Webbinella tholsus Moreman, 1933, Jour. Paleont., vol. 7, No. 4, p. 395, pl. 47, figs. 8, 10 Viola fm., Okla. Test attached, plano-convex with low domed convexity, normally widening in the plane of attachment, marginal flange often present; num- ber of chambers variable, one- to seven-chambered forms recovered and a single form with 13 chambers; chambers arranged sometimes in linear fashion, more often in oblong or circular arrangement, closely appressed making rectilinear boundaries with adjoining chambers; sutures distinct, depressed; wall finely arenaceous, well cemented and smoothly finished ; aperture not apparent even though the basal wall is frequently missing. Length of test Diameter PAL, Sal, keg, aL 28) waavan, .235 mm. Pl, Saks rakes, 2 .436 mm. .285 mm. PAL, Sal, alleys 2) 570 mm. .252 mm. Pl. 51, fig. 4 521 mm. 403 mn * Through oversight this species was not illustrated. Specimens duplicate almost exactly Ireland’s figures, I. U hypotype No. 7072. 226 BULLETIN 209 Pi Sil, sme, 5) .604 mm. 554 mn PL, Si, sae, 6 570 mm. 537 mm Jel Syl, sale, 7) 727 mm. .453 mm Pip Sle tices .675 mm. .675 mm Pl, Si, ig. D 1.172 mm. .640 mm. Diameter of test for three specimens of single-chambered forms ranges from .235 mm. to .319 mm. Length of test for five specimens of two-chambered forms ranges from .403 mm. to .570 mm. Diameter ranges from .235 mm. to .319 mm. Length of test for four specimens of three-chambered forms ranges from .470 mm. to .503 mm. Diameter ranges from .369 mm. to .521 mm. Length of test for five specimens of four-chambered forms ranges from .487 mm. to .675 mm. Diameter ranges from .310 mm. to .537 mm. Length of test for three specimens of five-chambered forms range from .470 mm. to .570 mm. Diameter ranges from .403 mm. to .537 mm. Length of test of two specimens of six-chambered forms is .604 mm. and .727 mm. Diameter is .436 mm. and .453 mm. Occurrence.—Abundant. Remarks.—It appears that confusion has resulted between the two genera Sorosphaera Brady and Webbimella Rhumbler. Rhumbler’s generic description of Webbinella requires an attached, plano-convex test while Brady's definition of Sorosphaera described the test as composed of a group of independent inflated chambers. Moreover, Webbinella has no general aperture while Sorosphaera has minute interstitial apertures. These re- quirements for Webbimella as defined by Rhumbler are equally applicable to Metamorphina, n. genus, replacing Webbinella. This species seems to be the same species identified by Eisenack as Sorosphaera geometrica. His illustrations and descriptions conform to the Osgood specimens. Eisenack pointed out that the species Sorosphaers geometrica is differentiated from species of Sorosphaera named from the American Silurian (v7z. S. tricella, S, bicella, S. multicella) “by the funda- mental surface design of the chamber and the outjutting edge of the flat surface of contact.” All complete tests of this species in the Osgood fauna show a flattened surface where they have been attached either loosely or firmly to some object. This is so despite the fact that individual chambers may be nearly globular and complete. While a majority of the specimens show a dis- tinct marginal flange some do not. a OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT DH) The authors are employing the generic name Metamorphina to this species instead of Sorosphaera because the test is attached, possesses no detectable aperture, and usually displays a marginal flange. Eisenack included in this one species the same forms as the Osgood with a varied number of chambers. As in Eisenack’s fauna, several one- celled stages, not single cases broken off occur. Although Webbinella tholsus Moreman is described as a single chambered form the authors believe it represents the first stage of development in this multilocular species. Some specimens show tiny pores in the surface of the chambers which are too consistent and possess too much regularity to be due to injury. Gutschick, ef. al. (1961) recorded specimens from the Lower Missis- sippian which they identified as S$. geometrica. They, like the authors, believed these varied forms represent a single species. Consideration was given to making separate species of the 1urms included here under M. tholsus. With circular, oval, and linear arranged forms all present, specimens with a like number of chambers are of differ- ent aspect. The similarities between them, however, seem more apparent than the differences. On the basis of the present fauna no specific designa- tion seems possible. Family HYPERAMMINIDAE Eimer and Fickert, 1899 Subfamily HYPERAMMINAE Cushman, 1910 Genus HYPERAMMINA Brady, 1878 emend. Conkin, 1961 Conkin (1954) discussed the relationship of Hyperammina and Hyperamminoides. He (1961) proposed the following emendation of the description of genus Hyperammina to include all species of Hyperammina and Hyperammuinoides: (1) the second chamber may be nontapering, may taper towards the proloculus, or in a few species taper toward both the aperture and the proloculus (‘hourglass tapering’); (2) aperture may be moderately or strongly constricted; and (3) exterior may be marked by transverse con- strictions of varying strength. The authors are following Conkin for the above generic description of species of Hyperammaina. Hyperammina curva (Moreman) Pl. 52, figs. 14-16 Bathysiphon curvus Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 45, pl. 5, figs. 9, 10 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, pl. A., fig. 7 228 BULLETIN 209 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 370, pl. 54, fig. 5 Laurel Is., Ind.; Osgood fm., Ind.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 322, pl. 42, fig. 5 Osgood Is., Ill. Hyperammina sublaevigata Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 337, pl. 44, fig. 6 Bainbridge Is., Mo. Hyperammina compacta Gutschick and Treckman, 1959, Jour. Paleont., vol. 33, p. 235, pl. 34, figs. 12-16. Hyperammina curva Mound, 1961, Ind. Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 35, pl. 3, figs. 13-16 Brassfield Is., Ind. Test free, curved, consisting of an ovoid proloculus and a gradually enlarging second chamber; wall thin to thick, smooth to rough, finely to coarsely arenaceous; aperture at open end of test. Length of test Max. diam. Min. diam. Proloculus Pl D2, tie, 14.604 mm “185 mm. 150 mm pie eave oman PI. 52, fig. 16 .940 mm. .168 mm. .109 mm. PI. 52, fig. 15 .369 mm. .092 mm. .067 mm. Length of test for 24 specimens ranges from .352 mm. to .940 mm. ; maximum diameter ranges from .084 mm. to .185 mm.; minimum diam- eter ranges from .05 mm. to .15 mm, Occurrence. —Abundant Remarks.—Some specimens show slight constrictions of the tapering second chamber. The curvature of the test and the lack of distinct separa- tion between the proloculus and second chamber distinguish the species. Hyperammina compressa Paalzow Pl. 52, figs. 9, 10 Hyperammina compressa Paalzow, 1935, Die Foraminiferen in Zechstein des ostlichen Thurigen., Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Jahrb., 1935, Bd. 56, Heft 1, p. 28 Permian. Test free, consisting of a proloculus and a gradually tapering test, typically compressed; wall thin, finely siliceous, smoothly finished ; aperture at the open end of the test. Length of test Max. diam. Min. diam. Pl, D2, sig, 9) 503 mm. .126 mm. .067 mm. PL, SQ, 10% LO 503 mm. 118 mm. .050 mm. Test length for seven specimens ranges from .319 mm. to .545 mm. Maximum diameter ranges from .101 mm. to .193 mm. Minimum diam- eter ranges from .050 mm. to .118 mm. Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—The species is easily distinguished by the compressed test. Previously recorded from the Permian, its occurrence in the fauna extends considerably the range of the species. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 229 Hyperammina conica Gutschick, Weiner, and Young Pl, 52, figs. 2-5 Hyperammina conica Gutschick, Weiner, and Young, 1961, Jour. Paleont., vol. 35, p. 1212, pl. 149, figs. 8-10, 15-16; text figs. 3-9-12; 4-12-14, 20, 21 Lower Mississippian, Okla., and Texas. Hyperammina casteri Conkin, 1961, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 43, No. 196, p. 260, pl. 20, figs. 1-2, 4, 6, 8, 10-11, 13, 16; pl. 26, fig. 8 microspheric form only Mississippian, Ky, southern Ind., northern Tenn., and southcentral Ohio. Megalospheric form—test free, consisting of a spherical proloculus and a uniformly expanding second chamber giving a cone-shaped appear- ance to the test; wall of moderate thickness, translucent to opaque, usually smooth and well cemented but may be granular; aperture circular and constricted. Test length Max. diam. Min. diam. Proloculus Pl. 52, fig. 3 860 mm. .182 mm. .067 mm. 4@67 mm. x .067 mm. PJ. 52, fig. 2 .974 mm. .235 mm. .075 mm. broken Microspheric form—test free, consisting of a delicate, pointed prolocu- lus and a gradually expanding second chamber which assumes the same cone shape of the megalospheric form; wall of moderate thickness, smooth, opaque to finely granular and translucent, well cemented; aperture circular and constricted. Test length Max. diam. Min. diam. Proloculus PSA ieee OS mimes 185) mm: 042 mm. | .033) mm. x 05 mm. Ei aca t05 mms LO mim.) ).033) mam. — Test length for 10 specimens of the megalospheric form ranges from 521 mm. to 1.108 mm. Maximum diameter ranges from .134 mm. to 352mm. Minimum diameter ranges from .067 mm. to .101 mm. Test length for 10 specimens of the microspheric form ranges from .302 mm. to .436 mm. Maximum diameter ranges from .101 mm. to .134 mm. Minimum diameter ranges from .033 mm. to .067 mm. Occurrence.—Abundant. Remarks.—The forms of this species appear to conform exactly (both megalospheric and microspheric tests) to those described by Gutschick, et. al. as Hyperammina conica. It is the authors’ opinion that the micro- spheric form of Conkin’s species Hyperammina casteri includes both micro- spheric and megalospheric forms of Gutschick’s species. The specimens which Conkin described as the megalospheric form of H. caster7 is not present in this fauna. Since Gutschick described no similar forms it is pre- sumed they were, likewise, absent from that faunal assemblage. This leads the authors to conclude that forms described as megalospheric tests of H. 230 BULLETIN 209 caster? are probably another species. Megalospheric tests of H. conica are readily distinguishable from the microspheric tests. The proloculus of the former is spherical in shape and the separation of the proloculus from the second chamber begins close to the maximum diameter of the proloculus, leaving no distinct demarcation. The delicate, tiny, and somewhat pointed proloculus of the microspheric tests is usually broken off but, when present, it is well separated from the second chamber. The range chart given by Conkin for the microspheric forms of H. casteri covers the ranges for both megalospheric and microspheric forms of H. conica. The ratio of microspheric to megalospheric forms in the present fauna is one to one. Hyperammina conica resembles several species. If differs from H. johnsvalleyensis Harlton, 1933, in its smaller size and the fact the second chamber is not compressed in H. conica. Hyperammina nitida Gutschick and Treckman, 1959, and Reophax buccina Gutschick and Treckman, 1959, both possess similarities to H. conica. The second chamber of H. nitida expands at a lesser rate, giving the test a smaller conical angle than H. conica. Reophax buccina has a larger proloculus than H. conica and an internally chambered test. Hyperammina harrisi Ireland ID, S52, tes, 12, 13} Hyperammina harrisi Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont., vol. 13, p. 200, fig. A-26 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Raymond, 1955, A. M. thesis, Indiana Univ., p. 10, pl. 3, fig. 1 Osgood fm., Ind. Test free, slender, somewhat compressed, gently curved, consisting of an ovoid proloculus and slowly enlarging tubular second chamber separated from the proloculus with only slight constriction; wall smooth, finely arenaceous, well cemented; aperture at open end of tube. Length of test Max. diam. Min. diam. Proloculus Pl. 52, fig. 13 .403 mm. .084 mm. .067 mm. .067 mmx .084 mm. Pl 52, fig. 12° 570 mm. 118 mm. (075 mm .067 mimecslOtenan: Test length for four specimens ranges from .403 mm. to .570 mm.; maximum diameter ranges from .101 mm. to .118 mm.; minimum diam- eter ranges from .059 mm. to .075 mm.; smallest proloculus .059 mm. x .067 mm. ; largest proloculus is .067 mm. x .101 mm. Occurrence —Uncommon. Remarks.—The Osgood specimens seem identical with the Chimney- hill specimens. KR OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 231 Hyperammina deminutionis (Moreman) Pl. 51, figs. 15, 16 Bathysiphon deminutionis Moreman, 1930, Jour, Paleont., vol. 4, No. 1, p. 46, pl. 5, fig. 6 Chimneyhill Is., Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, No. 4, p. 370, pl. 54, fig. 6 Laurel Is. and Osgood fm., Ind. Test free, slightly curved, gently tapering, showing exterior constric- tions; wall thin, smooth, finely arenaceous, well cemented; aperture at open end of tube. Length of test Max. diam. Min, diam. IPM S)tl tnllex,, 15) 386 mm. 084 mm. 042 mm. PL, Sil, ste, WG 319 mm. O75 mm. .042 mm. Test length for three specimens ranges from .319 mm. to .486 mm.; maximum diameter ranges from .075 mm. to .092 mm.; minimum diam- eter ranges from .042 mm. to .050 mm. Occurrence —Uncommon. Remarks.—The Osgood specimens have the size and general form of the Chimneyhill specimens. The tests do not, however, diminish in diam- eter at both ends. The authors have placed this species under the genus Hyperammina instead of Bathysiphon because of the tapering test and an aperture at the broad end of the tube. The delicate size and the few speci- mens recovered could explain the open end of the test at the narrower extremity if the proloculus were broken. The probability also arises that Moreman’s specimens may have been broken at a constriction which would make the test appear to have an aperture of less diameter than the remain- der of test. 7 Hyperammina(?) rudis Parr Pil, S25 ie, il Hyperammina(?) rudis Parr, 1942, Roy. Soc. Western Australia, Jour., 1942, vol. 27 (1940-1941), No. 8, p. 105. Test free, straight, circular in cross section; wall thick, rough, siliceous composed of angular quartz grains in a ferruginous cement; aperture at open end of tube. Length of test Diam. Pl S25 tle Tl 1.140 mm. 370 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. Remarks.—TVhe one specimen recovered fits Parr’s description of the species in all respects. The authors concur with Parr as to the dubious placement of the species in the genus Hyperammina. There is no apparent constriction at the closed extremity which would suggest a proloculus. Sectioning was not attempted with a single specimen. 232 BULLETIN 209 Hyperammina sp. Al, Sw, sate, Test free, elongate, gently tapering, marked by closely spaced con- strictions; narrow, thin ridges, caused by constriction spacing encircle the test and lend a corrugated appearance; wall thick, finely arenaceous with much cement; surface rough; aperture a circular opening in the constricted terminal portion of the test. Length of test Max. diam. Min. diam. PL, SZ, 21% © 562 mm. 134 mm. 101 mm. Occurrence.—Rate, one specimen. Genus BATHYSIPHON Sars, 1872 Bathysiphon exiguus Moreman Pil, 52, es. 7, @ Bathysiphon parallelus Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 322, pl. 42, fig. 1 Osgood Is., Mo. Bathysiphon exiguus Moreman, 1930, Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, p. 46, pl. 6, fig. 8 Viola Is., Okla.; Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 370, pl. 54, fig. 7 Laurel Is., Ind.; Osgood fm., Ind.; Dunn, 1942, Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, p. 322, pl. 42, fig. 27 Brassfield Is. Niagaran ser., Ill.; Mound, 1961, Ind. Dept. Conserv. Geol. Sur., Bull. No. 23, p. 36, pl. 3, figs. 17-20 Brass- field Is., Ind. Test free, straight, tapering slightly; wall thin, finely arenaceous; surface smooth; apertures at either end of tube. Length of test Diam. Pl, SA, se, & .420 mm. .101 mm. Pl, SQ, sg, 7/ 586 mm. 118 mm. The length of test for 12 specimens ranges from .420 mm. to .586 mm.; diameter ranges from .075 mm. to .118 mm. Occurrence.—Common. Remarks.—Some of the specimens which are broken may possibly be Hyperammina curva which is often indistinguishable from B. exzguus if the initial portion is missing. Bathysiphon rugosus Ireland PM, S32, tives, Til Bathsiphon rugosus Ireland, 1939, Jour. Paleont. vol. 13, No. 2, p. 192 Hunton fm. and Henryhouse sh, Okla. Test free, cylindrical in shape with sides somewhat constricted; wall thin, composed of medium-sized sand grains; surface rough; apertures at the opposite ends of the test. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 233 Length of test Diam. PAL, “Sy toler Ath 537 mm. 168 mm. Occurrence.—Rare, one specimen. Remarks.—The distinguishing feature of this species is the size of the sand grains which compose the test. The specimen conforms to Ireland's type. The species may belong in synonomy with B. exigwus Moreman where Mound (1961) has placed at. The authors are tentatively retaining Ire- lend’s identification on the basis of a single specimen recovered. Family TROCHAMMINIDAE Schwager, 1877 Subfamily TROCHAMMININAE Brady, 1884 Genus TROCHAMMINA Parker and Jones, 1859 Trochammina prima Stewart and Priddy, Pl. 51, figs. 17, 18 Trochammina prima Stewart and Priddy, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, No. 4, p. 375, pl. 54, figs. 23-25 Osgood, Ind. Test free, trochoid, biconvex; dorsal side with an initial chamber and five additional ones in a volution; ventral side with five chambers visible; sutures not depressed, limbate on dorsal side; wall thin and smooth, finely arenaceous with much cement; aperture a narrow slit on the ventral side of the last chamber. Max. diam. Min. diam. PIL, Sil, says, 7 252 io0var, .235 mm. PML Sil, woes, WS) .269 mm. AS) yaaa. The maximum diameter for three specimens ranges from .235 mm. to .269 mm.; minimum diameter ranges from .201 mm. to .252 mm. Occurrence.—Uncommon. Remarks.—Stewart and Priddy based this species on one specimen. They placed the specimen in the genus Trochammina provisionally as they were unable to determine an aperture. Since the apertures are readily apparent on the Osgood forms, the generic position of the species is no longer in doubt. 234 BULLETIN 209 REFERENCES Barnard, T. 1952. Notes on Spirillina infima (Strickland) Foraminifera. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12, vol. 5, pp. 905-909. Bassler, R. S. 1906. The bryozoan fauna of the Rochester shale. U.S. Geol. Sur., Bull. 292, pp. 137, 31 pls. Bornemann, L. G. 1874. Uber die Foraminiferengattung Involutina. Geol. Gesell. Leitschr., vol. 26, pp. 702-749, pls. 18, 19. Boyce, M. W. 1956. The macropaleontology of the Osgood formation (Niagaran) in Ripley County, Indiana. Unpub. Mastet’s thesis, Indiana Univ. Butts, Charles 1915. Geology and Mineral Resources of Jefferson County, Kentucky. Ken- tucky Geol. Sur., ser. 4, vol. 3, pt. 2, 270 pp., 65 pls. Conkin, James H. 1954. Hyperammina kentuckyensis n. sp. from the Mississippian of Kentucky and discussion of Hyperammina and Hyperamminoides. Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., vol. 4, pp. 165-169, pl. 31. 1961. Mississippian smaller Foraminifera of Kentucky, southern Indiana, northern Tennessee and southcentral Ohio. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 43, No. 196, 241 pp., 11 pls., 43 figs. Cummings, E. R. 1922. Nomenclature and description of the geologic formations of Indiana, in Handbook of Indiana Geology. Indiana Dept. Conser., Pub. 21, pt. 4, pp. 403-507, 31 figs. Cushman, J. A. 1950. Foraminifera—their classification and economic use, Harvard Univer- sity Press, 605 p., text figs. 9, text pls. 31, key pls. 55. Dunn, P. H. 1942. Silurian Foraminifera of the Mississippi basin. Jour. Paleont., vol. 16, pp. 317-342, 3 pls. HKsarey, R. E., Mallot, C. A., and Galloway J. J. 1947. Silurian and Devonian in southeastern Indiana. Ind. Dept. of Con- servation, Geol. Survey, Field Conference Guidebook No. 1, 21 p., 2 illus. Kisenack, A. 1954. Foraminiferen aus dem baltischen Silur. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, v. 35, No. 1-2, pp. 51-71. OsGoop FORAMINIFERA: BROWNE & SCHOTT 235 Foerste, A. F. 1896. An account of the Middle Silurian rocks of Ohio and Indiana. Cin- cinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. vol. 18, pp. 161-200, 1 pl. 1897. Geology of the middle and upper Silurian rocks of Clark, Jefferson, Ripley, Jennings, and southern Decatur Counties, Indiana. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Resources, 21st Ann. Rept., pp. 213-288, 4 pls. Foerste, A. F. 1935. Correlation of Silurian formations in southwestern Ohio, southeastern Indiana, Kentucky, and western Tennessee, Dennison Univ. Bull. Sci. Lab., Jour., vol. 30, art. 3, p. 119-205. Galloway, J. J. 1933. A Manual of Foraminifera. Bloomington, Ind. The Principia Press, 483 p., 42 pls. Gutschick, R. C., and Treckman, J. F. 7 1959. Arenaceous Foraminifera from the Rockford limestone of northern Indi- ana. Jour. Paleont., vol. 33, pp. 229-250, pl. 33-37. Gutschick, R. C., Weiner, J. L., and Young, Leighton. 1961. Mississippian avenaceous Forminifera from Oklahoma, Texas, Mon- tana, and Indiana. Jour. Paleont. vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 193-1221, pls. 147- 150, 5 text figs. Treland, H. A. 1939. Devonian and Silurian Foraminifera from Oklahoma. Jour. Paleont. vol. 13, pp. 190-202, pls. A and B. Loeblich, A. R., Jr., and Tappan, H. 1954. Emendation of the foraminiferal genera Ammodiscus Reuss, 1863 and Involutina Terquem 1862. Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 306-310. 1957. Eleven new genera of Foraminifera. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull., vol. 215, pp. 223-232. 1961. The status of the foraminiferal genera Ammodiscus Reuss, and In- volutina Terquem. Micropaleontology, vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 189-192. MeFarlan, A. C. 1943. Geology of Kentucky. Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, Ky., 531 p., 117 pls. Miller, H. W., Jr. 1956. The index value of Silurian Foraminifera and some new forms from wells in Kansas. Jour. Paleont., vol. 30, pp. 1350-1359, 1 text fig. Moreman, W. L. 1930. Arenaceous Foraminifera from Ordovician and Silurian limestones of Oklahoma. Jour. Paleont., vol. 4, pp. 42-59, pls. 5-7. 236 BULLETIN 209 Moreman, W. L. 1933. Avenaceous Foraminifera from the Lower Paleozoic rocks of Oklahoma. Jour. Paleont., vol. 7 pp. 393-397, 1 pl. Perry, T. G., and Hattin, D. E. 1960. Osgood (Niagaran) bryozoans from the type area. Jour. Paleont., vol. 34, pp. 695-710, pls. 85-88. Raymond, P. C. 1955. Arenaceous Foraminifera from the Osgood (Middle Silurian) forma- tion, Indiana. Unpub. Master’s thesis, Indiana Univ., 27 p., 4 pts. 1 table. Stewart, G. A., and Priddy, R. R. 1941. Arenaceous Foraminifera from the Niagaran rocks of Ohio and Indiana. Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, pp. 366-375, pl. 54. Swartz, C. K., F. J. Aleock, Charles Butts, G. H. Chadwick, E. R. Cumings, C. E. Decker, G. M. Ehlers, A. F. Foerste, T. Gillette, E. M. Kindle, Edwin Kirk, S. A. Northrop, W. F. Prouty, T. EK. Savage, R. R. Shrock, F. M. Swartz, W. H. Twenhofel, and M. Y. Williams. 1942. Correlation of the Silurian formations of North American. Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 53, pp. 533-538, 1 pl. Wilson, C. W., Jr. 1949. Pre-Chattanooga stratigraphy in central Tennessee. Tennessee Dept. Conserv., Div. Geol., Bull. 56, 407 p., 28 pls. PLATES ERRATA Pages 190, 213, 214, 240 Lagennammina read Lagenammina Lagennammina read Lagenammina Lagennamina read Lagenammina Lagennamina read Lagenammina 238 10-12. 13-15. 16. 18, 19. 20-23. 24, 25. BULLETIN 209 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 48 Page Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis Plummer emend. ...-......:::c::sceecees 197 1. Exterior view. 2. Interior view. No. 7054; x 50. Pseudastrorhiza delicata Gutschick and Treckman.........:-ecee 197 No. 7065; x 50. Rhabdammiina, bifurcata, . Sp... ceccceccceccccccesecssscesceecenscessseseeseceseenseenees 198 4, Holotype. 5. Paratype. Holotype No. 7037; paratype No. 7038; x 90. AMMOAISCUS MOUMNAL, 1. SP..---..--.eecceeceeeseceesseeeeeeseeeececssscesssenseeceseeeseseeeess 203 6. Dorsal view of holotype; x 50. 7. Peripheral view of paratype x 50. 8. Dorsal view of paratype; x 90; ventral view of paratype; x 90 Holotype No. 7003; paratype No. 7004. AMMOAISCUS DICONVEXUS, 1. SP.-----eeeceeceeseceseeesseeseeseeeessseessestseeceeeeeeees 201 10, 12. Dorsal and ventral views of holotype; x 50. 11. Peripheral view of paratype. Holotype No. 7028; paratype No. 7029. Lituotuba, gallowayi, 10. SP..--: 4.50.5-000:-+- setae coceteeoaege Meeegeee 11.00 Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos: 64-67). 286. pp., ‘29 pls. :0 0.7. .ca bn.) u axtee eee ee 11.00 Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. (No:.68) .\-272-pp., 24, pis.) 4550. 2 ee, Gee ee 10.00 Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. (Nos: 69-706). 5° 266 pp. 26:pis. 2 eae. 10.00 Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and Cuba. (Nosy 71-72).5.\321/ pp.) 12, piss ese soe aoe ae eet eee 11.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. (Nos. 73-76):2..".356 pp.,/ 31-pls. 20.42 a eee 12.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera, (Nos: S07-79)5) 26.1) pp.,) 35) pls 4 te ee 10.00 Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. ‘(Nos,: 80:87) < , 334 pps \27_pls. ave eit 10.50 Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos. 88-945). 306 pp., 30 pls. eid ccceeteclecececepeneseezieeeenees 10.00 Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks. (Nos. 95-100). 420 pp., 58 ass. EAD oN 1EIS RSA ST ace Senne 11.00 Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Eogene corals, and geology and paleontology ‘of Ecuador. (Nos; 101-108). 376 pp., 36-pls. °c. 2) Gs ee 12.00 Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. (Nos. 109-114) .\°412 pp., 54 plss:...0. OMe teleost csehovene 12.00 Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous and — Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams. CNos..:115-9F16) i. 7738 pps, 52 plsen.4 5 cae ee 18.00 Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. (NOs 11755563 pp s265cpls. at Ge cate en eae 15.00 Jackson Eocene mollusks. (Nos;, 118-128) 458. pps 27 pls) iso. Aa aplecen aster 12.00 Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chemung and Pennsyl- vanian crinoids, Cypraeidae, Cretaceous, Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil local- ities. (Nos. 129-1353), ©2294 pp 39 \plsecc3) i) og . socdosseooassdeedoo sovoceseo.suduedonou6=u0200./ees6sonE eeu bO0RICeC CUI OLA es nid tua cn sis Gushinanieaeeety sere ceieeeeeese eens eee ee IRONS. Sis eh PAS ean rE teen ee ese tare ec eee ean Ue ote et tt Roballeg Cia TE gana oe eee es REC Be hes SRC ALE hide RODMINS GPGHUSTS GUC abine alee cermpnieaneense ce cereeer combo scopeceee eetee cee aceddceeateesee eoeceee Reobellos biplocmaians (OPANOMVAME)) ,s.csscosooseocdo20020c0 0000.2 2us0020b000 sooedbonouoreseenssoKe Reawewes Cis Ie GOGeHaes (CEN CED) Lc osecbussue toc osotexbeadesees ce heccascdoaceooeeeesocesuce eee Robullas Cts IRs DARAP ICTS CURSING 2b) hsoncoosoeebsco0scocouneomecsobe¢bonadeocupoesteaosxeso: Reobullas degollyere. (OPltmamsiaese)). ..ssccesess.assa caves cancc4eoboscnosnounqssecuassxoonvevacsoocuecoce Robumepseudomanmilligerns \(blutmimet)) Wess sseeteeeseeeeeees ese) -eeeeseeee eee reece IMP QTODUT OE SIOCO acer Mb ado ekeade ruaiane Pte iar Men ena secehe te cencecer aerate aecae teee mea cae Demian GOCEPHGD ChIGI MED, . ey ec2to- ee ee 276 Gibicid sm prac cUunsOrii sam (Scliwagers) meee ee ee 276 Re Feremees) i.) 3) cecal. so dana o sass oF ooaty se ote Co le eae eGo BC 276 LB ek eee glo RE en see nae eR IU ah RAO UNUAH ene Ini AAG tains gnoebacdddosoancoaocaosecce 279 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Map of upper part of the Mississippi Embayment showing the outcrops of the Wilcox and Midway groups (modified from COOper WO AAN ey sa eels ena ice eeeee Sree eee Sees Pattee ete ante aces 249 Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphic column for upper part of Mississippi Embayment (modified from Pryor and Glass, 1961) .............. 251 SMALLER PALEOCENE FORAMINIFERA FROM REIDLAND, KENTUCKY? RutH G. BROWNE? and STEPHEN M. HERRICK* ABSTRACT Recent studies of Paleocene strata from Reidland, Kentucky, have revealed « significant foraminiferal assemblage in the Clayton(?) formation. The fauna is interesting, first because of its occurrence in a 6-inch zone occupying the extreme top of the Clayton(?) formation and, secondly, because the fauna contains certain species, such as Textularia plummerae, Bulimina quadrata, Pseudoparrella extgua, Alabamina wilcoxensis, Asterigerina primaria, and others, that characterize the upper part of the Midway in Texas and Alabama. In this regard Newton and others (1961, p. 64-66) reported Bulimina quadrata and Alabamina wilcoxensis as occurring in possible Clayton as well as in a transitional zone between the Clayton and Porters Creek formations and in the lower 50 feet of the Porters Creek in Alabama. In Kentucky these species may have transgressed time lines and now characterize the Clayton(?) formation rather than the upper part of the Paleocene as in the southern parts of the Mississippi Embayment area. Thus, the Clayton(?) formation in Kentucky may have been deposited in a transgressive sea. On this basis, the Clayton(?) would be progressively geologically younger northward and constitute the stratigraphic equivalent of the Clayton in the southern part of the Embayment. Other interesting facts about this foraminiferal fauga are the chemical com- position of the tests and richness in numbers of individuals and diversity of species. The species belong to the so-called “smaller” Foraminifera. All tests, even those of normally calcareous species, are noncalcareous; none react to dilute hydrochloric acid, The assemblage includes 17 families, 36 genera, and 63 species. INTRODUCTION In March 1960, L. M. MacCary, geologist, U. S. Geological Survey, Paducah, Kentucky and Nat Dortch, geologist, Paducah Junior College, Paducah, Kentucky, supplied the senior author with the initial samples of foraminiferal material for this report from a site at Reidland, Kentucky. The site, 8.2 miles southeast of the Paducah Courthouse, was found and measured by T. W. Lambert, geologist, U. S. Geological Survey, Paducah, McCracken Co., Kentucky. The site is located in the bank of a stream which is a tributary of the Clark River. The Foraminifera were recovered principally from the top six inches of a 3-foot zone of dark gray glauconitic sand and clay which underlies the Porters Creek clay and is considered by Lambert to be the local representative of the Clayton(?) formation. The senior author collected additional samples from the Reidland site in October 1960. In December 1960 the junior author and I. G. Sohn, U. S. Geological Survey, also collected from the Reidland locality. After observing the Reidland fauna, Sohn became interested in the fact that the Foraminifera were replaced and composed of material other than the calcite of normally unreplaced calcareous fossils. He decided to include this 1. Published by permission of the Director, Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. 2. Paleontologist, Louisville, Kentucky. 3. Geologist, U. S. Geological Survey, Atlanta, Georgia. 248 BULLETIN 210 phenomenon as a part of the Director's Annual Report 1961. To this end he invited the junior author and T. W. Lambert to collaborate, with the junior author supplying a preliminary faunal list of Foraminifera and Lambert supplying the stratigraphic data (Sohn, Herrick, and Lambert, 1961). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to express their appreciation to Mr. Bruce Chang, Louisville, Kentucky, for illustrations of the fauna and to Dr. James E. Conkin, geologist at the University of Louisville, for loan of literature. DISCUSSION OF STRATIGRAPHY McFarlan (1943) stated that insofar as is known “marine conditions in Kentucky during the Tertiary Period existed only in Porters Creek (Midway) time.” Cooper (1944) in a discussion of the northern limit of the Missis- sippian Embayment with respect to Illinois mentioned the probability that the earliest Cenozoic formations extended farther than the then known outcrops in southern Illinois. The Owl Creek formation and the Coon Creek Tongue of the Ripley formation of Late Cretaceous age, overlie and underlie, respectively, the McNairy sand member of the Ripley formation to the south in Tennessee. Their apparent absence from the Illinois section could be due to lack of recognition. Shoreline conditions repre- sented by sandy, glauconitic, nonfossiliferous deposits might take on the character of the McNairy sand member. The same probability for the presence of some of these units belong- ing to the Ripley formation and the Midway group that maintains in Illinois is true of these formations in Kentucky. The presence of marine fossils in the glauconitic sandy clay beneath the Porters Creek and the lithologic similarity to the Clayton formation of Illinois are reasons for assuming the presence of the Clayton(?) formation in Kentucky. Lith- ology and the tracing southward of the next underlying formation indicate that it is the McNairy sand member of the Ripley formation. The formation considered to be the Clayton(?) formation derives its name from an exposure at Clayton, Barbour County, Alabama, where it has a thickness of 10 feet. This formation together with the Porters Creek comprise the Midway group of the central and northern embayment area. The accompanying map (Cooper, 1944, fig. 1) shows the outcrop 249 PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK > Wd —) x a4 WwW = EXPLANATION RECENT AND (eas Alluvium and gravel PLIOCENE SS Undifferentiated PALEOCENE iA Undifferentiated CRETACEOUS N Undifferentiated PALEOZOIC Figure |—Map of the upper part of the Mississippi Embayment 30 40 MILES 20 showing the outcrops of Eocene and Paleocene (modified from , 1944). Cooper The accompanying chart (Pryor and Glass, pattern of Tertiary and Cretaceous formations in the upper part of the Mississippi Embayment. 1961, fig. 2) indicates the correlation of these formations in the same area. 250 BULLETIN 210 Paleocene $2 => -—] 29) [pa] Midway Group low! Creek Formation | ou McNairy Sand = =|Coon Creek Tera = Demopolis Formation =a Coffee Sand g uscaloosa Formation Figure 2—Generalized stratigraphic column for upper part of Mississippi Embayment (modified from Pryor and Glass, 1961). Cretaceous C R E T A C E O U 5 The section which follows is Lambert’s (1961, p. B-227) measured section for these formations. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 251 Geologic Section at Reidland, McCracken County, Kentucky Kentucky south coordinate grid 1186.4-258.2 Thickness PALEOCENE: (feet) MIDWAY GROUP: PORTERS CREEK CLAY: PNIAeKaGLAVSEOMER: primate ciciiee nerotalnes tonite aties iusech es neyeeaete 10 CLAYTON(?) FORMATION: Glauconitic claystone, sandy; Foraminifera and Isaltutbe|(Ga)eschystial Siys5-2 3s Fush stec uly. uacusteya neem setae tee deas Lik) 3 UPPER CRETACEOUS: McNAIRY SAND: WBIAGKGIAVSEOME ee indus vacnctecseehe tcc: em enes 6 PSlateepor aTGOMItIe Clay StOMe yee eee seeeter ee eee eats ee 51 (CH) Interlaminated lignitic clay and fine-grained MMUGACCOUSISAN ASLOME WG esr. ucuscactehessehccacdoteseee san: 1st DISCUSSION OF FAUNA The foraminiferal fauna of the Clayton(?) formation is composed of 17 families, 36 genera, and 63 species. The family Lagenidae includes one-fourth of the species present and another quarter is divided about equally between representatives of the families Rotaliidae and Anomalini- dae. The remaining half of the fauna is composed of species belonging to genera distributed among the various other families present. Four of these families comprise the arenaceous forms. Few species, however, are in- cluded. Three species are relatively abundant in the fauna—Bwlimina quad- rata, Anomalina midwayensis, and Clavulinoides midwayensis. With the exception of the latter species the arenaceous species present are of rare occurrence. Of the globigerine forms G. pseudobulloides and G. triloculi- noides are common. Alabamina wilcoxensis and Pulsiphonina prima ate common species. Broken chambers of the larger specimens—Stlostomella cf. S. paleocenica, S. midwayensis, and Nodosaria latejugata—are frequently encountered. The rare forms belonging to the calcareous genera include Robulus pseudomamulligerus, Cibicides alleni, Cibicides newmanae, Chilo- stomelloides eocenica, Polymorphina cf. P. frondea, and Cibicidina missis- DSP BULLETIN 210 sippiensis. Of the arenaceous forms Reophax? sp., Ammobaculites mid- wayensis, A. expansus, and Textularia midwayana ate rare. This Midway assemblage, considered as a whole, has the components and complexion of the upper part of the Midway faunal zone (Porters Creek) as known in the southern embayment area. In the region of Texas and Alabama forms restricted to this zone include Textularia plummerae, Bulimina quadrata, Globigerina compressa, Pseudoparrella exigua, Ala- bamina wilcoxensis, Asterigerina primaria, and Chilostomelloides eocenica. The relative abundance or scarcity of particular species is also similar to that of the upper part of the Midway. Clavulinoides midwayensis 1s abundant in the fauna whereas Robulus midwayensis was not recovered from the fauna. If Lambert’s designation of Clayton(?) is correct, the above-named species must have transgressed time horizons and the Clay- ton(?) is geologically younger in the northern part of the embayment area than it is in the southern part. The fact that the Reidland Foraminifera are replaced, as noted above, is unusual. Species normally belonging in calcareous genera were selected from various samples of the rocks and were treated with dilute hydo- chloric acid. None reacted to the acid, affrming Sohn’s findings that these species from this locality are not calcareous. The general lack of fossil remains and calcareous material from the Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments of the northern part of the embayment region in Illinois, Mississippi, and Kentucky, was mentioned by Lamar and Sutton (1930). This seems to account for the fact, as well as providing additional evidence, that the present fauna and one described by Cooper (1944) from a cutting in a water well at Cache, Alexander County, Illinois, are the only known records of Tertiary Foraminifera in the northern embay- ment area. In the latter instance the depth, 115 to 135 feet, probably pre- vented leaching and consequent loss of the fossils. Identification of the various species has been extremely difficult because of the replaced condition of the tests, such replacement having destroyed some of the specific characteristics. DISCUSSION OF SPECIES Family REOPHACIDAE Genus REOPHAX Montfort, 1808 Recphax? sp. Pl. 53, fig: 1 An arenaceous species with test of angular quartz grains may belong to this genus. The wall is single. Chambers are not discernible. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 253 Length of hypotype, 1.24 mm.; maximum diameter, 0.50 mm.; minimum diameter, 0.30 mm. Family LITUOLIDAE Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910 Ammobaculites midwayensis Plummer Pl. 53, fig. 2 Ammobaculites midwayensis Plummer, 1932, Univ. Texas, Bull. 3201, p. 63, pl. 5, figs. 7-11 (upper part of the Midway—Texas); Cushman, 1951, U.S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 8-12, (upper part of the Midway—Texas ). Test well enough preserved to assign to this species. Initial portion of test apparently coiled with succeeding chambers rectilinear, elongate. Finish of test coarsely arenaceous, composed of angular quartz grains; aperture terminal. Cushman stated (1951) that this species is aygood index fossil for the upper 50 to 75 feet of the Midway group in Texas. Length of hypotype, 0.33 mm.; diameter, 0.13 mm. Ammobaculites expansus Plummer PAL S33), umes, 3) Ammobaculites expansus Plummer, 1932, Univ. Texas, Bull. 3201, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. 4-6 (upper part of the Midway—Texas) ; Cushman, 1951 U. S. Geol. SUimurowbaper a2) p. 4) pl. ll, 118s. 5-7. Sutures obscure but test well enough preserved to show broad initial coiling followed by the suggestion of an elongate portion composed of rectilinear chambers. Surface of test coarsely arenaceous, composed of quartz grains bound by white cement; aperture (not shown in figured specimen) an elongate opening at end of final chamber. This is a characteristic species of the uppermost Midway of Texas. A single specimen was recovered. Length of hypotype, 0.52 mm.; diameter, 0.42 mm.; thickness, 0.14 mm. Family TEXTULARIIDAE Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824 Textularia midwayana Lalicker Pl. 53, figs. 6-10 Textularia midwayana Lalicker, 1935, Cushman ‘Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., v. 11, p. 49, pl. 6, figs. 7-9 (Midway, Arkansas-Texas) ; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. pl. 1 figs. 28-30 (Midway, Arkansas-Texas). Test elongate, tapering, compressed to slightly inflated; chambers dis- tinct, numerous; sutures depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous; aperture a low arched slit at the base of the final chamber. 254 BULLETIN 210 The authors are unable to distinguish between the species Textwlaria midwayana and Textularia plummerae, hence all specimens of these species were placed under T. midwayana. The compressed forms are probably T. plummerae and the thicker forms T. midwayana. This species is rare in the fauna; only three specimens were recovered. In the Gulf Coastal region it is diagnostic of the silty layers of the upper part of the Midway. The form ranges through the Tertiary formations. Length of hypotype (broken specimen), 0.43 mm.; greatest diameter 0.26 mm.; thickness, 0.18 mm. Length of hypotype (another specimen), 0.40 mm.; greatest diameter, 0.25 mm.; thickness, 0.12 mm. Family VERNEUILINIDAE Genus CLAVULINOIDES Cushman, 1936 Clavulinoides midwayensis Cushman Pip Saaes AS Clavulinoides angularis Plummer 1926, (not d’Orbigny), Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 70, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5 (Midway—Texas). Clavulinoides midwayensis Cushman, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research., Special Pub. 6, p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 9, 15; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 8, pl. 2, figs. 10-16 (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas-Texas- Mississippi). Test triangular, in the microspheric form expanding rather rapidly through the triserial portion, in the megalospheric form expanding grad- ually in the uniserial portion; chambers distinct; sutures distinct, less depressed in the microspheric form than in the megalospheric form; wall coarsely arenaceous; aperture round in the megalospheric form and trian- gular in the microspheric form. This is one of the more abundant forms of the fauna. It is typical and compares exactly with Cushman’s description and figures. Length of hypotype (microspheric form), 1.10 mm.; diameter, 1.68 mm. Length of hypotype (megalospheric form), 1.17 mm.; diameter, 0.30 mm. Family LAGENIDAE Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808 Robulus sp. A Pl. 54, fig. 5 Two broken specimens with three chambers each of a large species of Robulus were recovered. This large form has a protruding neck and a long robuline slit. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 255 Length of hypotype (broken specimen), 1.1 mm.; diameter (broken specimen), 0.67 mm.; thickness (broken specimen), 0.45 mm, Robulus sp. B Pl. 54, fig. 4 A single broken specimen of Robwlus with three chambers is not identifiable. The sutures are deep and decidedly curved. Length of hypotype (broken specimen), 0.70 mm.; diameter (broken specimen), 0.77 mm.; thickness (broken specimen), 0.33 mm, Robulus insulsus Cushman Pl) 54, fig. 3 Cristellaria orbicularis Plummer, 1926, (not d’Orbigny), Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 92, pl. 7, fig. 1 (Midway-Texas). Robulus insulsus Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 16, pl. 5, figs. 1-3 (Midway-Alabama and Texas). Test small, thick, close coiled with a narrow p@ripheral keel ; chambers six to seven; sutures curved, flush with the surface, radiating outward from the umbo; aperture not determinable. Typically the specimens of this species show a transparent wall and a clear umbonal region not observed in the Reidland specimens, owing to the replaced condition of the wall. Diameter of hypotype (larger specimen), 0.40 mm. x 0.50 mm.; thickness (larger specimen), 0.29 mm. Diameter of hypotype (smaller specimen), 0.27 mm. x 0.33 mm.; thickness (smaller specimen), 0.17 mm. Robulus turbinatus (Plummer ) PIL, Sah ives, WA, 13) Cristellaria turbinata Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 93, pl. 7, fig. 4. Robulus turbinatus Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram, Research. Contr., v. 16, p. 55, pi. 9, fig. 17; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 14, pl. 4, figs. 6-9 (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas-Mississippi-Texas ) . Test circular, compressed; peripheral margin with a ragged white flange; chambers eight in final whorl, narrow; sutures raised and of about equal width from umbo to peripheral margin; aperture at apex of septal face. The distinguishing feature of this species is its narrow, ragged flange. R. orbicularis (d Orbigny) also has a flange, but the flange of this species is better developed and not ragged. This species occurs rarely in Cretaceous strata. Diameter of hypotype, 0.41 mm.; thickness, 0.21 mm. 256 BULLETIN 210 Robulus cf. R. rosettus (Gumbel) Pl. 54, figs. 10, 11 Robulina rosetta Giimbel, 1870, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math-phys. Abt., Abh., KI. 2, v. 10, p. 642, pl. 1, fig. 73. Robulus rosetta Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 55, pl. 9, fig. 24. Robulus cf. R. rosettus Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 16, pl. 4, figs. 20, 21 (Midway, Arkansas-Mississippi-Texas) . A few specimens of Robulus with five chambers, a distinct keel, and a slight neck are referred to this species. Diameter of hypotype, 0.42 mm. x 0.37 mm. Robulus cf. R. piluliferus Cushman Pl. 54, figs. 8, 9 Robulus piluliferus Cushman, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 23, p. 83, pl. 18, fig. 4; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 16, pl. 5, fig. 4 (Midway, Arkansas-Texas). The classification of this species of Robulus seems quite certain for the beaded, broken sutures are distinct, Cushman (1951) stated, “This species differs from R. midwayensis (Plummer) in the generally smaller size and the broken sutures.” Diameter of hypotype (larger specimen), 1.14 mm.; thickness, 0.26 mm. Thickness of hypotype (smaller, broken specimen), 1.17 mm, x 0.70 mm. Robulus degolyeri (Plummer ) Pl. 54, figs. 6, 7 Cristellaria degolyeri Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 97, pl. 7, fig. 7. Robulus degolyeri Bandy, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 368, pl. 60, fig. 5; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 14, pl. 3, figs. 21, 22 (Midway, Texas-Mississippi-Arkansas; Eocene-Oregon). Test longer than broad, slightly compressed; periphery acute, bounded by a ragged flange; chambers seven to nine; sutures of clear shell material, raised, and originating in a raised umbonal area; aperture a small slit at apex of septal face. The Reidland forms of this species differ from the type in that the sutures maintain approximately the same width from the periphery to the umbonal boss, In the type species the sutures taper slightly from the umbonal area to the periphery. This species is quite distinct from Robulus pseudomamilligerus which has more chambers, is larger, and more strongly compressed. The form is of little stratigraphic value because it has been found in Cretaceous clays. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 257 Length of hypotype (larger specimen), 0.90 mm.; diameter, 0.60 mm. ; thickness, 0.40 mm. Length of hypotype (smaller specimen), 0.81 mm.; diameter, 0.52 mm.; thickness, 0.29 mm. Robulus pseudomamilligerus (Plummer ) Peat one 2 Cristellaria pseudo-mamilligera Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 98, oll, Fa wales, Tile Robulus pseudo-mamilligerus Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 16, p. 55, pl. 9, fig. 16; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 13, pl. 4, figs. 1-5 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Alabama). Test elongate, quite compressed; peripheral margin bounded by a sharp keel; chambers 11 in final whorl; sutures raised, distinctly curved, extending outward from a group of protuberances; aperture protruding at top of septal face. This form is rare in the fauna. Its large size and compressed test separate it from other species. Length of hypotype, 1.10 mm.; diameter, 0.79 mm.; thickness, 0.40 mm. Genus MARGINULINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Marginulina sp. Pl. 54, fig. 1 Two specimens, both broken, are too rare to permit specific identifica- tion. They seem to resemble a specimen from the Midway of Arkansas figured by Cushman (1951, p. 18, pl. 5, fig. 33) and referred to as Marginulina sp. B. Length of hypotype, 0.35 mm.; diameter, 0.31 mm. Genus DENTALINA d'Orbigny, 1826 Dentalina eocenica Cushman Pl. 53, figs. 11-13 Dentalina cf. D. cooperensis Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 347, pl. 54, fig. 21. Not D. cooperensis Cushman, 1933, p. 8. Dentalina eocenica Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. DOMES ONpINGN tes Ines Geola sur, ProfeRaper 232, "pa 22.) plo, aes: 30-33 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Mississippi-Alabama) . Test small, slender, slightly curved; chambers increasing in size as added; sutures distinct but little depressed, oblique only in initial end of test; aperture radiate and terminal. This species, as far as the authors are able to determine, is the same as the species which Cooper (1944, p. 347, pl. 54, fig. 21) described as “Dentalina cf. D. cooperensis Cushman,” from the Paleocene of Illinois. 258 BULLETIN 210 Length of hypotype (broken specimen), 0.42 mm.; diameter (widest part), 0.13 mm. Length of hypotype (complete specimen), 0.72 mm.; diameter, 0.15 mm. Dentalina cf. D. obliqua (Linné) Pl. 53, fig. 15 Nautilus obliquus Linné, 1758, Syst, Nat. ed. 10, p. 711; Gmelin, 1791, ed. 13, [Po DoIZ. Dentalina obliqua Plummer, 1931, Univ. Texas, Bull. 3101, p. 153, pl. 11, fig. 6 (Upper Cretaceous, Texas) ; Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 586, pal. 79, fig. 17 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama). The single final chamber of a specimen with oblique sutures and wall ornamented with numerous low costae running obliquely across the cham- ber appears to belong to this species. Length of hypotype, 0.36 mm. Dentalina cf. D. communis (d’Orbigny ) IPL Sah, anvee, 114! Nodosaria (Dentalina) communis dOrbigny, 1826, Soc. nat. sci., Ann., v. 7, Pp. DSA MO, BDo Dentalina communis Howe and Wallace, 1932, Louisiana Dept. Cons., Geol. Bull. 2, p. 24, pl. 6, fig. 8 (upper Eocene, Louisiana); Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., v. 15, p. 584, pl. 79, fig. 15 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama); Cooper, 1944, ibid., vol. 18, p. 347, pl. 55, fig. 10 (Midway, Illinois). A single broken specimen with three chambers is doubtfully referred to this species. The almost straight sides with chambers somewhat broader than high and the oblique sutures resemble Cooper’s figured specimen. Length of hypotype (broken specimen), 0.33 mm.; diameter, 0.13 mm. Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812 Nodosaria spinescens (Reuss) Pl. 53, figs. 19, 20 Dentalina spinescens Reuss, 1851, Zeit. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 3, p. 62, pl. 3, fig. 10. Nodosaria spinescens Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 84, pl. 4, fig. 12 (upper part of Midway, Texas). Test slender; chambers ellipsoidal, about twice as long as broad with a few short spines around the base close to the sutural constrictions; aperture terminal and round. Owing to the replaced condition of the species few specimens have the spines preserved. However, the relatively smooth ellipsoidal chambers distinguish it from any other species in the fauna. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 259 Length of hypotype (broken specimen), 0.60 mm.; diameter, 0.17 mm. Length of hypotype (single chamber), 0.60 mm.; diameter, 0.33 mm. Nodosaria latejugata Gimbel Pl. 53, figs. 21, 22 Nodosaria latejugata Giimbel, 1870, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-phys. Abt., Abh., KI. 2, vol. 10, p. 619, pl. 1, fig. 32. Nodosaria affinis Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 89, pl. 14, figs. 2 a-d (Midway-Texas ). Nodosaria latejugata Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 588, pl. 79, figs. 26, 27 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama) ; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 348, pl. 55, figs. 24, 25 (Midway-Illinois) ; Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research. Contr., vol. 20, p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 6-8; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 23, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2 (Midway, Alabama-Mississippi-Texas-Arkansas ) . Test elongate; chambers inflated and globular with 10 to 12 strong longitudinal costae which have sharp edges; sgtures transverse and depressed ; aperture round and protruding. This readily recognized species is common in the fauna. Its size affords identification in the field by means of a hand lens. Length of hypotype (single chamber), 0.97 mm.; diameter, 0.77 mm. Length of hypotype (single chamber, end view), 0.75 mm.; diameter, 0.60 mm. Genus CHRYSALOGONIUM Schubert, 1907 Chrysalogonium granti (Plummer ) Pl. 53, figs. 16, 17 Nodosaria granti Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 83, pl. 5, figs. 9, a-d, 1926 (Midway, Texas). Nodosaria filiformis Carsey, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2612, p. 33, pl. 7, fig. 8 (Upper Cretaceous, Texas). Chrysalogonium granti (Plummer), Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 589, pl. 79, figs. 34, 35 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama) ; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., v. 18, p. 346, pl. 54, figs. 26, 27 (Midway, Illinois) ; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 24, pl. 13, fig. 11 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Mississippi-Alabama). Test elongate, slender; chambers cylindrical; wall opaque, smooth; sutures not distinct, The only specimens of this species which were recovered are broken. All seem to be the early portions of the tests, for the chambers show no inflation. Length of hypotype (longer specimen), 0.43 mm.; diameter, 0.08 mm. Length of hypotype (shorter specimen), 0.25 mm.; diameter, 0.08 mm. 260 BULLETIN 210 Chrysalogonium eocenicum Cushman and Todd Pie 53; fie, 18 Chrysalogonium eocenicum Cushman and Todd, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 22, p. 53, pl. 9, figs. 3-5; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur. Prof. Paper 232, p. 25, pl. 7, figs. 13-15 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas- Alabama). Test elongate, distinctly curved and tapering from the apertural end to the acute initial end; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated; sutures dis- tinct, depressed; aperture cribrate, terminal, Length of hypotype (broken specimen; initial portion), 0.42 mm. ; diameter, 0.11 mm. Length of hypotype (broken specimen; apertural portion), 0.37 mm.; diameter, 0.11 mm. Family POLYMORPHINIDAE Genus GLOBULINA d’Orbigny, 1839 Globulina gibba d’Orbigny Pl. 54, figs. 19, 20 Globulina gibba dOrbigny, 1826, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 266, No. 10, Modeles, No. 63. Polymorphina gibba Plummer, 1926, Texas Univ., Bull. 2644, p. 122, pl. 6, figs. 8 a-b (Midway, Texas). Globulina gibba Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 594, pl. 80, fig. 9, (Paleocene, Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama); Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur. Prof. Paper 232, p. 33, pl. 9, figs. 26-28 (Midway, Texas-Arkan- sas-Mississippi-Alabama ). Test oval in side view; chambers few, distinct but not inflated; sutures marked by dark lines; aperture radiate. The only form with which this species might be confused is Globulina lactea (Walker and Jacob) which is smaller, with faintly inflated chambers. G, gibba has no stratigraphic value. Length of hypotype (large specimen), 0.31 mm.; diameter, 0.27 mm. Length of hypotype (smaller specimen), 0.23 mm.; diameter, 0.21 mm. Genus POLYMORPHINA @d’Orbigny, 1826 Polymorphina cf. P. frondea (Cushman) Pl. 54, fig. 14 Bolivina frondea Cushman, 1922, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 129-F, p. 126, pl. 29, fig. 3; Cushman, 1923, Prof. Paper 133, p. 20. Polymorphina frondea Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 5, p. 41; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 35, pl. 10, fig. 13 (Midway, Mississippi-Alabama) . This species appears to be the same as the one figured by Cushman (1951, p. 35, pl. 10, fig. 13) with the exception that the initial end instead of being acute is blunt and rounded. Length of hypotype, 0.69 mm.; diameter, 0.58 mm. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 261 Genus RAMULINA Rupert Jones, 1875 Ramulina cf. R. globulifera H. B. Brady Pl. 54, fig. 15 Ramulina globulifera H. B. Brady, 1879, Mic. Soc. Quart. Jour., vol. 19, p. 272, pl. 8, figs. 32, 33; Plummer, 1931, Texas Univ., Bull. 3101, p. 174, pl. 11, fig. 15 (Upper Cretaceous, Texas); Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 596, pl. 80, fig. 21 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama). Ramulina cf. R. aculeata Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Reseach, Contr., vol. 16, p. 64, pl. 11, figs. 13, 14 (Midway, Alabama); Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 36, pl. 10, figs. 24-26 (Midway, Texas- Arkansas-Mississippi-Alabama) . Several specimens with hispid globular test and stolon tubes are referred to this species. Diameter of hypotype (includes broken stolon tubes), 0.58 mm. Family NONIONIDAE Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926 Nonionella sp. Pl. 54, figs. 16-18 Nonionina turgida Plummer, 1926, (not Williamson) (part), Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 159, pl. 12, fig. 6; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 37, pl. 11, figs. 5, 6 (Midway, Alabama). A single specimen of Nonionella resembles Mrs. Plummer’s figured specimen. Length of hypotype, 0.15 mm.; diameter, 0.13 mm.; thickness, 0.06 mm. Family HETEROHELICIDAE Genus BOLIVINOPSIS Yakovlev, 1891 Bolivinopsis cf. B. rosula (Ehrenberg ) PAL, DS, ie, 2 Spiroplecta rosula Ehrenberg, 1854, Microgeologie, pl. 32, pt. 2, fig. 26. Spiroplectoides rosula (Ehrenberg), Cushman, 1927, Cushman Lab. Foram. Re- search, Contr., vol. 3, p. 62, pl. 13, figs. 9 a-b; p. 114, pl. 23, figs. 6, 7; Cushman, 1931, Tennessee Div. Geology, Bull. 41, p. 44, pl. 7, fig. 9. Bolivinopsis rosula Macfadyen, 1933, Royal Micro. Soc., Jour., vol. 53, p. 141, Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer., Paleont., vol. 23, No. 78, p. 26; Cushman, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 206, p. 101, pl. 44, figs. 4-8. Cushman (1951) assigned two small young specimens from the Naheola formation of Alabama to this genus but does not refer them to any particular species. Although only two single broken specimens belonging to this genus were recovered they are sufficiently well preserved for pur- poses of identification, hence they are tentatively referred to this species. Length of hypotype, 0.14 mm.; diameter, 0.06 mm. 262 BULLETIN 210 Genus CHILOGUEMBELINA Loeblick and Tappan, 1956 Chiloguembelina morsei (Kline) IAL S55 corse Al Gimbelina morsei Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 44, pl. 7, fig. 12 (upper part of Midway-Mississippi) ; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 38, pl. 11, fig. 10 (upper part of Midway, Mississippi. Chiloguembelina morset Loeblich and Tappan, 1957, U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 215, ip. 179, pl. 40, figs. 2 a, b, 4; pl. 42, figs. 1 a, b; pl. 43, figs. 2, 6a, b. Test small, slightly compressed, tapering, with the greatest width above the middle; chambers distinct, inflated, somewhat broader than high; sutures distinct, depressed; aperture high. Kline stated that this species is common in the Porters Creek but unknown from the Clayton. Length of hypotype, 0.12 mm.; diameter, 0.06 mm.; thickness, 0.05 mm. Genus SIPHOGENERINOIDES Cushman, 1927 Siphogenerinoides eleganta (Plummer ) Pie Siphogenerina eleganta Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 126, pl. 8, tical Siphogenerinoides eleganta Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., v. 16, p. 66, pl. 11, fig. 17; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 351, pl. 54, fig. 14 (Midway, Illinois); Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 39, pl. 11, figs. 16-19 (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas-Missis- sippi-Texas). Test small, straight, early portion biserial, later chambers alternating ; sutures distinct and sharply depressed, sloping downward in alternating directions in later part of test; aperture terminal. Length of hypotype, 0.31 mm.; diameter, 0.10 mm. Family BULIMINIDAE Genus BULIMINA @’Orbigny, 1826 Bulimina cacumenata Cushman and Parker Pi, SS, wis, 7/ Bulimina cacumenata Cushman and Parker, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 12, p. 40, pl. 7, fig. 3; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, ip. 47, plu, fe-8s Cushman) 1951) WU. S) Geolk Sur serotweapeme2s2. p. 40, pl. 11, figs. 22, 23 (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas-Texas ). Test small, fusiform, greatest width above middle of test, initial end with a sharp point; chambers distinct in latter part of test and slightly inflated; sutures clear in latter part of test, little depressed; aperture loop- shaped. This is the smallest Bulimzina of the fauna. Its small size and sharply pointed initial end are distinguishing characteristics. Length of hypotype, 0.22 mm.; thickness, 0.16 mm, PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 263 Bulimina cf. B. arkadelphiana midwayensis Cushman and Parker AS pep Mita 1S Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker var. midwayensis Cushman and Parker, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 12, p. 42, pl. 7, figs. 9, 10; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 40, pl. 11, figs. 25, 26 (Midway, Arkansas-Texas). Bulimina aculeata Plummer, 1926, (not d’Orbigny), Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 73, pl. 4, fig. 3 (upper part of Midway, Texas). A single weathered specimen recovered from the fauna may belong to this subspecies. The general outline and the sharp fine spines protruding from the base of the chambers resemble those of this species. Length of hypotype, 0.31 mm.; diameter, 0.16 mm. Subgenus DESINOBULIMINA Cushman and Parker, 1940 Bulimina (Desinobulimina) quadrata Plummer Pl. 55, figs. 13, 14 Bulimina (Ellipsobulimina) quadrata Plummer, 1926, gUniv. Texas, Bull. 2644, ip, 72, joll, 4h ries, Zh Se Bulimina quadrata Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 23, no. 78, p. 30, pl. 3, fig. 19. Bulimina (Desinobulimina) quadrata Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab, Foram. Research, Contr., v. 16, pl. 11, fig. 21; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 41, pl. 11, figs. 27-30 (upper part of Midway, Arkansas; Midway group, Texas). Test in megalospheric form almost cylindrical, increasing only slightly in diameter from the blunt initial end to the broadly rounded oral end; microspheric form pointed at initial end, increasing gradually in diameter to the broadly rounded apertural end; chambers broad, little inflated; sutures appear as sharp lines in early part of test, becoming slightly depressed above; aperture a vertical slit on inner side of the final chamber. This species is abundant in the fauna and follows the type. In Texas this is a frequent form in the upper part of the Midway to which horizon it is restricted. Length of hypotype (megalospheric form), 0.57 mm.; diameter, 0.28 mm. Length of hypotype (microspheric form), 0.75 mm.; diameter, 0.33 mm. Genus BOLIVINA d’Orbigny, 1839 Bolivina midwayensis Cushman Pipe anes ae Bolivina midwayensis Cushman, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Special Pub. 6, p. 50, pl. 7, fig. 12; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 49, pl. 4, fig. 14; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 43, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12 (Midway, Mississippi-Alabama-Arkansas-Texas ) . 264 BULLETIN 210 Test elongate, slightly tapering, compressed, biserial throughout; chambers distinct, little inflated and of similar shape; sutures distinct, somewhat depressed and oblique, forming an approximate 45° angle with the horizontal; wall smooth; aperture an oval opening close to the inner margin of the last formed chamber. The shiny perforate wall in the type of B. mzdwayensis is not apparent in the Reidland specimens owing to their replaced condition, Length of hypotype, 0.50 mm.; diameter, 0.16 mm. Genus LOXOSTOMA Ehrenberg, 1854 Loxostoma cf. L. deadericki Cushman Pl. 55, fig. 4 Loxostoma deadericki Cushman, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., v. 23, p. 85, pl. 18, figs. 8-10; 1951, Cushman, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, ip. 44, pl. 12, figs. 21-23, (Midway, Arkansas). Because only one broken specimen was recovered there is doubt about the identification of this fossil. Length of hypctype (broken specimen), 0.36 mm.; diameter, 0.20 mm. Loxostoma deadericki exilis Cushman a SS, ie. DS Loxostoma deadericki Cushman var. exilis Cushman, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 23, p. 85, pl. 18, figs. 11-13; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 44, pl. 12, figs. 24-26 (Midway, Alabama). Test elongate, little compressed, early portion biserial, with final chambers becoming uniserial ; chambers inflated; sutures distinct, depressed. The subspecies differs from the type form in its smaller size, more slender form, more inflated chambers, and its more deeply depressed sutures. Length of hypotype, 0.27 mm.; diameter, 0.10 mm. Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE Genus STILOSTOMELLA Guppy, 1894 Stilostomella cf. S. paleoceniea (Cushman and Todd) el. 55, mes, 1O, 17 Ellipsonodosaria paleocenica Cushman and Todd, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 22, p. 61, pl. 10, fig. 26; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 46, pl. 13, figs. 3-5 (Midway, Mississippi-Alabama- Arkansas-Texas). Although no complete tests were recovered numerous chambers of varying sizes—some smooth and some covered by tiny projecting spines— seem reasonably certain of belonging to this species. The chambers are almost globular in appearance, and the final chamber has a short neck. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 265 Length of hypotype (broken specimen; larger chamber), 0.97 mm. ; diameter, 0.74 mm. Length of hypotype (broken specimen; smaller chamber), 0.60 mm. ; width, 0.53 mm. Stilostomella cf. S. midwayensis (Cushman and Todd) Pl. 55, figs. 8, 9 Nodosaria spinulosa Plummer, 1926, (not Nautilus spinulosus Montagu), Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 84, pl. 4, fig. 19. Ellipsonodosaria alexanderi Cushman, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram, Research, Contr., v. 12, p. 52, pl. 9, figs. 6-9; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 51, pl. 5, fig. 1 (not fig. 2). Ellipsonodosaria spinulosa (Plummer), Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 352, pl. 54, fig. 20 (Paleocene, Illinois). Ellipsonodosaria midwayensis Cushman and Todd, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 22, p. 61, pl. 10, fig. 25; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 47, pl. 13, figs. 6-10 (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas- Texas). - No complete tests of this species were recovered. The ornamentation of the chambers with platelike longitudinal costae with spinose projections near the base of the chambers and with the costae continuous over several chambers seems to place specimens of this fauna in this species. Length of hypotype (broken specimen; two chambers), 0.97 mm. ; diameter, 0.42 mm. Length of hypotype (single chamber), 0.58 mm.; width 0.38 mm. Family ROTALIIDAE Genus VALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926 Valvulineria wileoxensis Cushman and Ponton Als SS, sis, D2, D3} Valvulineria wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton, 1932, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 8, p. 70, pl. 9, fig. 6; Cushman, 1944, idem., vol. 20, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 26; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 50, pl. 14, figs. 10-13 (Midway, Tennessee-Arkansas-Texas ) . Test almost circular, somewhat lobate, approaching bilateral symmetry, with ventral side slightly more convex; umbilical region somewhat de- pressed on the ventral side; chambers distinct with last formed chamber inflated; sutures distinct and curved; wall perforate; aperture a long narrow slit at the base of the last formed chamber, extending from the periphery along the ventral side beneath the lip of the ventral margin of the final chamber. Length of hypotype, 0.25 mm.; width, 0.16 mm.; thickness, 0.12 mm. 266 BULLETIN 210 Genus GYROIDINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Gyroidina aequilateralis (Plummer ) IAL Sis, sakes, 1175 lke: Rotalia aequilateralis Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 155, pl. 12, fig. 3, (Midway, Texas). Gyroidina aequilateralis Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 20, p. 45, pl. 7, fig. 24. Gyroidina subangulata Cushman and Todd, 1942, (not Plummer), 7dem., vol. 18, 1. 40, jal, Wp ses. il, 12, Gyroidina aequilateralis (Plummer), Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 51, pl. 14, figs. 16, 17 (Midway, Alabama-Texas-Arkansas). Test small, biconvex; chambers 10 in final whorl; dorsal sutures dis- tinctly curved and flush with the surface; ventral sutures almost straight and raised around the umbilicus; aperture a narrow slit at the base of the final chamber. This species occurs rarely in the fauna and is not considered strati- graphically diagnostic. Diameter of hypotype, 0.16 mm.; thickness, 0.10 mm. Gyroidina subangulata (Plummer ) Pl. 55, figs. 15, 16 Rotalia soldanii (d’Orbigny) var. subangulata Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 154, pl. 12, fig. 1 (Midway, Texas). Gyroidina subangulata Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 16, p. 71, pl. 12, fig. 7; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 53, pl. 5, figs. 13-15; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur. Prof. Paper 232, pp. 51, pl. 14, figs. 14, 15 (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas-Texas). Test almost circular, plano-convex, dorsal side flat, ventral side strongly convex, composed of two convolutions; eight to nine chambers in final whorl; sutures distinct and flush with the surface except for the final two or three chambers, oblique on dorsal surface and almost straight on ventral surface; wall smooth and punctate; aperture a long narrow slit extending the length of the base of the septal face of the final chamber. Gyroidina subangulata is easily distinguished from Gyroidina aequt- lateralis. "The former species has a plano-convex test of eight to nine chambers whereas the latter has a biconvex test and has 10 chambers in the final whorl. This is a common species over the world, ranging from the Cretaceous to the Recent. Diameter of hypotype, 0.29 mm.; thickness, 0.16 mm. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 267 Genus OSANGULARIA Brotzen, 1940 Osangularia expansa (Toulmin ) Pl. 55, figs. 20, 21 Truncatulina culter Plummer, 1926, (not Parker and Jones), Univ. Texas, Bull. VOAAepMAy, plalO, tic, Ls pl. Lo, figs 2. Pulvinulinella culter (Parker and Jones) var. midwayana Cushman and Todd, 1946, idem., v. 22, p. 63, pl. 11, fig. 12. Parrella expansa Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., v. 15, p. 604, text figs. 3, 4F, 4G, (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama) ; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 53, pl. 16, figs. 11, 12 (Midway, Mississippi- Arkansas-Texas ). Test trochoid, ventral side convex, dorsal side less so, periphery with a distinct flange; all chambers visible on dorsal surface, only eight of final whorl visible ventrally; sutures oblique dorsally and flush with the surface, very slightly curved ventrally; aperture consisting of two parts—a curved elongate opening extending from the periphery at the base of the last formed chamber diagonally across the septal face and a smaller slit extend- ing from the periphery at the base of the septal face to the umbilical area. The specimens are somewhat less flat than the Texas forms and the ventral sutures less curved at the periphery. The species is distinguished by its flaring peripheral flange and apertural character. Diameter of hypotype, 0.38 mm. Genus COLEITES Plummer, 1934 Coleites cf. C. reticulosus (Plummer) Pl. 55, fig. 19 Pulvinulina reticulosa Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 152, pl. 12, fig. 5 (upper part of Midway, Texas). Coleites reticulosus Plummer, 1934, Amer. Midland Naturalist, vol. 15, p. 606, pl. 24, figs. 5-9; Cushman and Garrett, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 15, p. 87, pl. 15, figs. 14-20; Cushman, 1940, zdem., v. 16, p. 71, pl. 12, fig. 20; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 54, pl. 15, figs. 1-5 (upper part of Midway, Arkansas-Alabama). A single specimen with a broadly elongate, compressed test, and a sharp periphery bounded by a ragged flange was recovered. The rough surface, resulting from the replaced condition of the test, appears to have obliterated the original reticulate surface as well as prevented recognition of the chambers. This species, rare in the present sample, has apparently been recorded only from the upper part of the Midway. Length of hypotype, 0.71 mm.; diameter, 0.51 mm.; thickness, 0.21 mm. 268 BULLETIN 210 Genus PULSIPHONINA Brotzen, 1948 Pulsiphonina prima (Plummer ) Dl, SVG, ies, Siphonina prima Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 148, pl. 12, fig. 4; Cushman, 1927, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 72, art. 20, p. 2, pl. 2, fig. 4; Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 23, No. 78, p. 33, pl. 4. fig. 3; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 55, pl. 5, figs. 21, 22; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 353, pl. 55, figs. 7-9; Cushman, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 206, p. 143, pl. 59, figs. 3-5; Cushman, 1951, idem., Prof. Paper 232, p. 55, pl. 15, figs. 7-9 (Midway, Mississippi- Alabama-Arkansas-Texas ). Pulsiphonina prima Olsson, 1960, Jour. Paleont., vol. 34, No. 1, p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 1-3, Test small, biconvex, much compressed; peripheral angle sharp and serrate; all chambers visible dorsally, five chambers of final convolution visible ventrally ; dorsal sutures obliquely curved and marked by the serrate edges of the preceding chambers, ventral sutures somewhat depressed and slightly curved; aperture a small elliptical opening on the ventral side along the peripheral margin with its long axis in the direction of coiling. The minute size, compressed test, and serrate edges make this species distinctive in the fauna. Diameter of hypotype, 0.17 mm.; thickness, 0.07 mm. Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1850 Siphonina wileoxensis Cushman Pl. 56, fig. 3, 4 Siphonina wilcoxensis Cushman, 1927, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 72, art. 20, p. 3, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; Cushman and Ponton, 1932, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 70, pl. 9, fig. 7; Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont. vol. 15, p. 605, pl. 81, figs. 15, 16 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama); Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, p. 27, 46, pl. 7, fig. 27; U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 56, pl. 15, fig. 10 (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas). Test small, biconvex with the ventral side more convex than the dorsal; periphery acute and serrate, somewhat lobate; five chambers in the final whorl; dorsal sutures oblique and flush with the surface, ventral sutures slightly depressed and radial; wall punctate; aperture a narrow opening on the ventral side parallel to the periphery, with a lip. This species differs from Pulsphonina prima, with which it can be easily confused, by the presence of a lip on the aperture. Diameter of hypotype, 0.25 mm.; thickness, 0.10 mm. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 269 Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE Genus ASTERIGERINA (’Orbigny, 1839 Asterigerina primaria Plummer PS Gytiesen.1o Asterigerina primaria Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 157, pl. 12, fig. 8 (Midway, Texas); Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., v. 15, p. 606, pl. 81, fig. 22 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama); Cushman, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 20, p. 46, pl. 7, fig. 28; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 56, pl. 15, fig. 15 (Midway, Alabama-Texas ). Test small, trochoid, with the dorsal side convex and the ventral nearly flat; margin bounded by a sharp keel; five chambers in final con- volution; dorsal sutures slightly curved and flush, or raised with respect to surface, ventral sutures depressed and curved; aperture an arched open- ing in ventral face of last chamber, directed towards¥a pustulate umbilicus. The minute size of this species and its pustulate umbilicate region distinguish it in the fauna. This species with five chambers resembles Plummer’s figured specimens more than Toulmin’s. Diameter of hypotype, 0.20 mm. Family CASSIDULINIDAE Genus CERATOBULIMINA Toula, 1915 Ceratobulimina perplexa (Plummer ) Pl. 56, figs. 15, 16 Rotalia perplexa Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 156, pl. 12, fig. 2 (Midway, Texas). Ceratobulimina perplexa Cushman and Harris, 1927, Cushman Lab. Foram. Re- search, Contr., vol. 3, p. 173, pl. 29, fig. 2; Glaessner, 1937, Moscow Univ. Studies in Micropaleontology, vol. 1, p. 20, 23, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3; pl. 2, fig. 25; Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 22, p. 108, pl. 17, figs. 3-5; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 56, pl. 16, figs. 1-5 (Midway, Alabama-Texas ). Test small, about equally biconvex; peripheral margin broadly round- ed; chambers six in final whorl; dorsal sutures marked by curved, tapering thickened bands; ventral sutures depressed, radiating from a sunken umbilicus; aperture a round opening at the base of the septal face. The specimens included in this fauna are smaller than the type. Length of hypotype, 0.16 mm.; width, 0.11 mm.; thickness, 0.08 mm. 270 BULLETIN 210 Genus ALABAMINA Toulmin, 1941 Alabamina wileoxensis Toulmin Pl. 56, figs. 17, 18 Pulvinulina exigua H. B. Brady var. obtusa Plummer, 1926, (not Burrows and Holland, 1897, p. 49), Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 151, pl. 11, fig. 2. Pulvinulinella exigua (H. B. Brady) var. obtusa Cushman and Ponton, 1932, (not Burrows and Holland), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 8, p. 71, pl. 9) fg. 9. Pulvinulinella obtusa (Burrows and Holland), Cushman and Garrett, 1939, dem., v. 15, p. 87, pl. 15, figs. 12, 13; Cushman and Todd, 1945, idem., vol. 21, , LON jal; 1G) es, 7h Ss wo, B2, jo: OS), fol, lil; sss, , io. Alabamina wilcoxensis Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont. vol. 15, p. 603, pl. 81, figs. 10-14, text fig. 4a-c (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama) ; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 57, pl. 16, figs. 6, 7 (Midway, Mississippi-Alabama-Arkansas-Texas; Wilcox, Alabama). Test subcircular, biconvex, slightly more convex on the ventral side; periphery somewhat acute; chambers six in final convolution; sutures distinct, straight and oblique to the periphery on the dorsal surface and radial on the ventral face; aperture a long narrow opening at the base of the septal face on the final chamber and what appears as a supplementary opening is an identation extending peripherally from the wall and formed by a fold on the wall of the test. The specimens appear to resemble Toulmin’s type except that the sutures of the final two or three chambers are slightly depressed on the dorsal surface. The species is common in the fauna. Diameter of hypotype (ventral view), 0.30 mm.; thickness, 0.16 mm. Diameter of hypotype (dorsal view), 0.30 mm.; thickness, 0.14 mm. Genus PSEUDOPARRELLA Cushman and Ten Dam, 1948 Pseudoparrella cf. P. exigua (H. B. Brady) Pl. 56, figs. 13, 14 Pulvinulina exigua H. B. Brady, Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 150, pl. 11, fig. 3 (upper part of Midway, Texas). Test small, circular in outline, almost equally biconvex, periphery subacute; six chambers in final whorl; sutures slightly curved and radiate on the ventral side, dorsal sutures oblique and flush with the surface, show- ing as dark lines; aperture a long narrow slit at the base of the final cham- ber. This species differs in certain aspects from Alabamina wilcoxensis which it closely resembles. It is more circular, more equally biconvex, and the apertural character differs. Diameter of hypotype, 0.23 mm.; thickness, 0.15 mm. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 27) Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE Genus ALLOMORPHINA Reuss, 1850 Allomorphina paleceenica Cushman PI 5G, tess 55.6 Allomorphina trigona Plummer, 1926, (not Reuss), Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p 129, pl. 8, fig. 5; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 56, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2; Cushman and Todd, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr VOln 22, py 63, pl. 11, figs. 11, 15: Allomorphina paleocenica Cushman, 1948, idem., vol. 24, p. 45, pl. 8, fig. 10; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 58, p. 16, figs. 19-22, (Midway, Alabama-Arkansas-Texas ). Test trochoid, one side of test nearly straight and the other bluntly rounded; chambers embracing, three in a whorl; aperture an elongate slit with overhanging lip at the base of the last formed chamber on the ventral side. This species is a living species, Length of hypotype (ventral view), 0.52 mim ; diameter, 0.36 mm. thickness, 0.29 mm. Length of hypotype (dorsal view), 0.42 mm.; width, 0.35 mm thickness, 0.28 mm. Pl. 56, fig. 9 Allomorphina subtriangularis (Kline) Chilostomella subtriangularis Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 56, ple Gs fig. 3. Allomorphina subtriangularis Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 23 p. 59, pl. 17, figs. 1, 2 (Midway, ‘Atkansas- Texas). Test subtriangular, somewhat longer than broad with the greatest width above the middle; aperture a nearly straight slit at the base of the last formed chamber. ength of hypotype, 0.62 mm.; width, 0.25 mm.; thickness, 0.35 mm Genus CHILOSTOMELLOIDES Cushman, 1926 Al, SG; 1s, © Chilostomelloides eocenica Cushman Chilostomelloides eocenica Cushman, 1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 78, pl. 11, fig. 20; Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 129, pl. 8, fig. 8; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 57, pl. 6, fig. 8; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 59, pl. 17, figs. 4, 5 (Midway, Arkansas-Alabama). Test elongate, sides gently convex, end bluntly rounded; aperture an 8 oS > arched opening with lip on the final chamber, set at an angle from the wall of the test. Length of hypotype, 0.31 mm.; diameter, 0.16 mm DY 2 BULLETIN 210 Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones, 1862 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss) Pl. 56, figs. 11, 12 Nonionina quinqueloba Reuss, 1851, Zeit. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 3, p. 71, pl. 5, fig. 31 (Oligocene, Germany). Pullenia quinqueloba Cushman, 1924, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 104, pt. 5, pl. 8, figs. 5-9, 11 (Recent. Atlantic Ocean); Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 136, pl. 8, fig. 12 (upper part of Midway, Texas) ; Cushman, 1940, Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 16, p. 72, pl. 12, figs. 13, 14 (Midway, Alabama); Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., v. 15, p. 607, pl. 81, fig. 24 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama). Test small, closely coiled in one plane with only the final chambers showing; peripheral margin rounded; five chambers; sutures slightly depressed; aperture a long narrow slit extending along the base of the septal face. In Texas this form is persistent along the outcrop of the beds of the upper part of the Midway. It ranges to the Recent. Length of hypotype, 0.35 mm.; diameter, 0.28 mm.; thickness, 0.18 mm, Family GLOBIGERINIDAE Genus GLOBIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Globigerina compressa Plummer Pl. 56, figs. 19,21 Globigerina compressa Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 135, pl. 8, fig. 11; Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 23, No. 78, p. 193, pl. 31, fig. 8; Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 607, pl. 82, figs. 1, 2 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama); Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 58, pl. 6, figs. 5, 6; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 353, pl. 54, figs. 8, 9 (Midway, Illinois) ; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 60, pl. 17, fig. 9 (Midway, Alabama- Arkansas-Texas ) . Test small, much compressed, closely coiled, margin lobate; chambers increasing gradually in size with five in the final convolution; sutures depressed ; aperture a single slightly arched slit. This form though rare in this fauna is distinctive, being much more compressed than other species of Globigerina. In Texas it is confined to upper part of the Midway. Diameter of hypotype, 0.26 mm. x 0.19 mm.; thickness, 0.11 mm. Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer Pl. 56, figs. 24, 25 Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 134, pl. 8, fig. 10; Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 23, No. 78, p. 193, pl. 31, fig. 10; Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 607, pl. 82, fig. 3 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama); Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 59, pl. 6, figs. 12, 13; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 273 vol. 18, p. 353, pl. 54, figs. 12, 13 (Midway, Illinois) ; Cushman, 1951, U.S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 60, pl. 17, figs. 10, 11 (Midway, Alabama- Arkansas-Mississippi-Texas ). Test small, trochoid, with two convolutions; chambers globose, rapidly increasing in size, with three to three and a half visible in final convolu- tion; aperture a narrow slit on the final chamber. This is a common species of the upper part of the Midway of Texas and Alabama. Diameter of hypotype (ventral view), 0.22 mm. x 0.25 mm.; thick- viess, U.17 mm. Diameter of hypotype (dorsal view), 0.16 mm x 0.18 mm.; thickness, U.L> mm, Globigerina pseudobulloides Plummer AL. SG, miss, 22, 2) Globigerina pseudo-bulloides Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 133, pl. 8, fig. 9; Glaessner, 1937, Moscow Univ. Problems of Paleontology, vol. 2-3, p. 382, pl. 4, fig. 31; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 58, pl. 6, figs. 9-11; Applin and Jordan, 1945, Jour. Paleont., vol. 19, p. 131 (list); Cushman and Todd, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 22, p. 64; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p 60, pl. 17, figs. 7, 8 (Midway, Tennessee-Alabama-Arkansas-Texas ). Test small, rotaliform, trochoid, composed of two to two and a half whorls; margin lobate; five chambers in final whorl, globose; umbilical depression present; aperture a single opening on the final chamber, extend- ing from margin to umbilicus beneath a narrow lip. This species is readily distinguished from G. triloculinoides which has three and a half chambers in the final whorl instead of five. Diameter of hypotype (ventral view), 0.21 x 0.22 mm.; thickness, 0.10 mm. Diameter of hypotype (dorsal view), 0.19 x 0.20 mm.; thickness, 0.10 mm. Family ANOMALINIDAE Genus ANOMALINA d’Orbigny, 1826 Anomalina midwayensis (Plummer) PL, Sy, 1033, U5 2 Truncatulina midwayensis Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 141, pl. 9, fig. 7; pl. 15, fig. 3 (Midway, Texas). Anomalina midwayensis Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 16, p. 73, pl. 12, fig. 18; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 60, pl. 6, figs. 17, 18; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 354, pl. 54, figs. 15-17 (Paleocene. Illinois); Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 62, pl. 17, figs. 17-19 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Mississippi- Alabama). 274 BULLETIN 210 Test biconvex, showing about two convolutions from the dorsal side. periphery rounded; chambers six to eight in final whorl; sutures distinct, curved on both dorsal and ventral surfaces; aperture a slit at the base of the septal face, under a lip extending to the umbilicus. Whereas Plummer’s description of this species stated that there are usually nine chambers in the final whorl, none of the specimens of this fauna has nine chambers. Some of the specimens show a trochoid coiling of the dorsal surface suggesting the subspecies trochoides but the merging of the forms is so gradual that no attempt at separation was made. The abundance of this species in the Midway makes it a good index fossil. Diameter of hypotype (ventral view), 0.40 mm. x 0.48 mm.; thick- ness, 0.19 mm. Diameter of hypotype (dorsal view), 0.39 mm. x 0.47 mm.; thick- ness, 0.16 mm. Anomalina acuta Plummer Bb Sy, wes, Ui, Ww Anomalina ammonoides (Reuss) var. acuta Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 149, pl. 10, fig. 2. Anomolina acuta Glaessnet, 1937, Moscow Univ. Problems of Paleontology, vol. 2-3, p. 386, pl. fig. 40; Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., v. 15, p. 608, pl. 82, figs. 9, 10 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama) ; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 59, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 353, pl. 54, figs. 3-5 (Midway, Illinois) ; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 62, pl. 18, figs. 3-6 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Mississippi-Alabama) . Test small, biconvex, compressed; peripheral margin acute; chambers numerous, 13 to 15 on the final whorl; dorsal sutures limbate to depressed, merging into a prominent boss; ventral sutures thickened around the inner edges of the whorl, merging into an irregular filling of clear material; aperture arched over the peripheral margin. This species is distinguished by its lateral compression and numerous chambers. Diameter of hypotype (dorsal view), 0.55 mm. x 0.32 mm.; thick- ness, 0.11 mm. Diameter of hypotype (ventral view), 0.32 mm. x 0.30 mm.; thick- ness, 0.11 mm. Anomalina welleri (Plummer) Pl. 57, figs. 7, 8 Truncatulina welleri Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 143, pl. 9, fig. 6. Anomalina wellert Plummer, 1932, 7dem., Bull. 3201, p. 54, 62 (lists). Nonionella wellert Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 44, pl. 4, fig. Dale PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK ifs) Anomalina welleri Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 63, pl. 18, fig. 12 (Midway, Texas). Test small, biconvex, compressed ; chambers 11 in final whorl, narrow, curved; sutures distinct—those on ventral side joining in a low ridge around the umbilical depression; aperture a low arch close to the periphery. This species is differentiated from Anomalina acuta by its smaller size, fewer chambers, and absence of a central boss on the dorsal face. The species occurs in the upper part of the Midway of Texas. Diameter of hypotype (ventral view), 0.26 mm.; thickness, 0.11 mm. Diameter of hypotype (dorsal view), 0.25 mm.; thickness, 0.10 mm. Anomalina elementiana (d’Orbigny ) Pl. 57, figs. 3, 4 Rosalina clementiana dOrbigny, 1840, Soc. geol. France, Mem., Ist ser., vol. 4, Do Diy Tl, By thes, QA. Anomalina clementiana Franke, 1925, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont. Inst., Abh., vol. 6, p. 85, pl. 7, figs. 12a-c; Franke, 1928, Preuss, geol. Landesan- stalt Abh., new ser., v. 111, p. 179, pl. 16, figs. 9a-c; Cushman, 1931, Tennes- see Div. Geology, Bull. 41, p. 61, pl. 13, figs. 1a-c; Cushman, 1931, Cush- man Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 7, p. 46, pl. 6, figs. 10a-c; Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 23, No. 78, p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 2a-b; Cush- man, 1946, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 206, p. 155, pl. 63, figs. 12, 13; Cushman, 1951, Idem., Prof. Paper 232, p. 63, pl. 18, figs. 8-11 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Mississipp1) . Test subcircular, planispiral, periphery rounded ; chambers seven to nine in final whorl; dorsal sutures curved and raised; ventral sutures radial and depressed ; aperture peripheral. Diameter of hypotype (dorsal view) 0.16 mm.; thickness, 0.08 mm. Diameter of hypotype (ventral view) 0.18 mm.; thickness, 0.09 mm. Genus CIBICIDINA Bandy, 1949 Cibicidina mississippiensis (Cushman ) Pl, SW wes, DS G Anomalina mississippiensis Cushman, 1922, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 129-E, p. 98, pl. 21, figs. 6-8 (middle Oligocene, Mississippi) ; Cole and Ponton, 1930, Florida Geol. Sur., Bull. 5, p. 46, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3 (lower Oligocene, Florida). Cibicides mitssissippiensis Ellisor, 1933, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 17, No. 11, pl. 5, fig. 6 (not fig. 7) (upper Eocené. Texas) ; Cushman, 1935, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 181, p. 54, pl. 22, fig. 3; Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Spec. Publ. 16, p. 39, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6 (upper Eocene. Georgia-North and South Carolinas, Florida-Alabama-Mississippi; lower Oligocene. Florida-Alabama-Texas). Cibicidina mississippiensis Bandy, 1949, Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 32, p. 93, pl. 15, figs. 7a-c (upper Eocene. Alabama). Test small, peripheral margin bluntly rounded; chambers inflated, six in final whorl, increasing regularly in size, last two or three chambers 276 BULLETIN 210 on inner margin of the dorsal side raised slightly above the surface; dorsal sutures marked by thickened bands of clear shell material; ventral sutures depressed ; aperture a curved opening at the base of the septal face extend- ing on to the dorsal surface. This species was originally described from the Oligocene of the Gulf Coast and subsequently reported from the upper Eocene of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. If this identification is correct this is the first reported occurrence of this species in the earliest Tertiary, or Paleocene. Diameter of hypotype, 0.31 x 0.35 mm.; thickness, 0.20 mm. Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808 Cibicides newmanae (Plummer) Pll 5s figs) 13215 Discorbis newmanae Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 138, pl. 9, fig. 4 (Midway, Texas). Cibicides newmanae (Plummer), Cushman and Todd, 1942, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 18, p. 46, pl. 8, fig. 16; Cushman, 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 66, pl. 19, figs. 12-14 (Midway, Texas- Arkansas-Alabama). Test oval, dorsal side convex, ventral side flat; peripheral margin sharp; chambers eight, enlarging in size as added; sutures curved on both sides of test and appearing as dark lines; aperture peripheral, at the base of the final chamber and extending ventrally into the umbilical area. This species is rare in the Reidland fauna. The concavity of the ventral face and the great amount of lateral compression distinguish the species. The specimens recovered are somewhat smaller than the type. Length of hypotype, 0.20 mm.; diameter, 0.16 mm.; thickness, 0.05 mm. Cibicides alleni (Plummer ) Pl. 57, figs. 9, 10 Truncatulina alleni Plummer, 1926, Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 144, pl. 10, fig. 4. Cibicides allenit Plummer, 1932, zdem., Bull. 3201, p. 54, 61 (lists) ; Cushman, 1940, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 16, p. 73, fig. 19; Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 61, pl. 6, figs. 21, 22; Cooper, 1944, Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, p. 354, pl. 54, figs. 24, 25 (Midway, Illinois) ; Cushman 1951, U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 232, p. 66, pl. 18, figs. 16, 17 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Mississippi-Alababma) . Test biconvex with dorsal side more rounded; peripheral margin sharp, somewhat lobate; chambers 11 in final whorl; both periphery and sutures outlined by shell material, curved dorsally and ventrally; aperture a slit extending over the periphery onto the ventral side. Only one somewhat imperfect specimen was recovered from the fauna. It is small in size for the species. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK DTT Diameter of hypotype, 0.26 mm. x 0.19 mm.; thickness, 0.16 mm. x 0.12 mm. Cibicides praecursorius (Schwager ) Pl. 57, figs. 16-18 Discorbina praecursoria Schwager, 1883, Paleontographica, vol. 30, Pal. Theil, pul25, pl. 24 (4), fig. 12 pl. 29 (6), fig. 16: Cibicides praecursorius Cushman and Ponton, 1932, Cushman Lab. Foram. Re- search Contr., vol. 8, p. 72, pl. 9, fig. 14; Toulmin, 1941, Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 610, pl. 82, figs. 19-21 (Paleocene. Salt Mountain limestone, Alabama); Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Sur., Bull. 53, p. 62, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6; Cushman and Todd, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., VOlMe22 pm ODpls lines: 20) 20;'Cushman, 1951) Ws S) Geol: Sur, Prot. Paper 232, p. 65, pl. 19, figs. 1-6 (Midway, Texas-Arkansas-Tennessee- Alabama). Test plano-convex, dorsal side flat, ventral side convex; margin acute; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated; sutures curved and limbate; aperture a slit extending from the base of the final chamber over to the dorsal surface. This species differs from Crbicides burlingtonensis in that the cham- bers increase gradually in size and the final chamber is not so expanded. Length of hypotype, 0.36 mm.; diameter, 0.31 mm. REFERENCES Bandy, Orville L. 1949. Eocene and Oligocene Foraminifera from Little Stave Creek, Clarke County, Alabama: Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 32, No. 131, p. 1-210, 1-27 pls. Brotzen, F. 1940. Flintrannans och Trindelrainnans géologi (O6resund). Sver. Geol. Unders. Avh., ser. C, No. 435, (arsb. 34, No. 5), p. 1-33. 1948. The Swedish Paleocene and its foraminiferal fauna. Idem., No. 493, (arsb. 42, No. 2), p. 1-140, pls. 1-19. Cooper, Chalmer L. 1944. Smaller Foraminifera from the Porters Creek formation (Paleocene) of ¥Wlimois. Jour. Paleont., vol. 18, No. 4, p. 343-354, pls. 54, 55. Guppy, R. J. L. 1894. On some Foraminifera from the Microzoic deposits of Trinidad, West Indies. Zool. Soc. London, Proc., p. 647-653. Cushman, Joseph A. 1951. Paleocene Foraminifera of the Gulf Coastal region of the United States and adjacent areas. U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 232, p. 1-75, pls. 1-24. 278 BULLETIN 210 Harris, G. D. 1896. The Midway stage. Bull. Amer. Paleont., vol. 1, No. 4, p. 18-22. Lamar, J. K., and Sutton, A. H. 1930. Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments of Kentucky, Illinois and Missourt. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol., Bull., vol. 14, p. 845-866. Loeblich, Alfred R., Jr., and Tappan, Helen 1957. Planktonic Foraminifera of Paleocene and early Eocene age from the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 215, p. 173-198, pls. 40-64. MeFarlan, Arthur C. 1943. Geology of Kentucky. Univ. Kentucky, p. 1-531, pls. 1-117, figs. 1-42. Newton, J. G., Sutcliffe, Horace, Jr., and LaMoreaux, P. H. 1961. Geology and ground-water resources of Marengo County, Alabama. Geol. Sur. Alabama, County Rept. 5. Olsson, Richard K. 1960. Foraminifera of later Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary age in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Jour. Paleont., vol. 34, No. 1, p. 1-58, pls. 9-12. Plummer, Helen J. 1926. Foraminifera of the Midway formation of Texas. Univ. Texas, Bull. 2644, p. 1-171, pls. 1-15, figs. 1-13. Pryor, W. A., and Glass, H. D. 1961. Cretaceous-Tertiary clay mineralogy of the Upper Mississippi Embay- ment. Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol. 31, No. 1, p. 38-51. Sohn, I. G., Herrick, S. M., and Lambert, T. W. 1961. Replaced Paleocene Foraminifera in the Jackson-Purchase Area, Ken- tucky. U.S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 424-B, p. B227-B228. Thalmann, H. E., and Graham, J. J. 1952. Reinstatement of Osangularia Brotzen, 1940 for Parrello Finlay, 1939. Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Contr., vol. 3, p. 31-32. Toulmin, Lyman D. 1941. Eocene smaller Foraminifera from the Salt Mountain limestone of Alabama. Jour. Paleont., vol. 15, p. 567-611, pls. 78-82. , r a ge f= ie i a 280 Figure 6-10. 11-13. 14. 16, 17. 18. 19, 20. 21, 22. BULLETIN 210 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 53 Page Reophax? 'Spicsi.ccscesncessesngeteseversensercesseconsetsotoedecststea: de oeaeaenne sae teen aaa 252 Hypotype, X 50 USNM No. 639198. Ammobaculites midwayensis Plummet.............::cc:cccececeseceessceeseensseees 253 Side view; X 50; Hypotype, USNM No. 639169. Ammobaculites expansus PlUMME?..........cccccceesccesseceserteceeseeeensseeenes 253 Side view; X 100; Hypotype, USNM No. 639189. Clavulinoides midwayensis Cushiman............::cccceceseceseesreeeseereeess DHA 4. Microspheric form; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639215. 5. Megalospheric form; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639216. Textularia midwayana Lalicker............c.::ccccccseescceseceessseeesreeeereeenes 253 6. Front view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639145. 7. Apertural view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639145. 8. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639145. 9. Side view; X 100; hypo- type, USNM No. 639156. 10. Apertural view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639156. Oo =I Dentalima eocenica Cushima.........eeseccccesseseccceeessssceceessseecesnseeeeeseees 25 11. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639142. 12. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639143. 13. Side view; X 75; hypotype, USNM No. 639141. Dentalina cf. D. communis (d’Orbigny) ...........:.::ccccceeeeeeeeeseeereeeees 258 Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639166. Dentalina cf. D. obliqua (Linné) .............ccce eee ceeeceeeeeeeeseeeeeneeeeeneeee 258 Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639144. Chrysalogonium granti (PIUMMEL) -....-..cc cece ee eee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeees 259 16. Side view; X 100; hyoptype, USNM No. 639222. 17. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639223. Chrysalogonium eocenicum Cushman and Tod d..........ccccccccceeeeees 259 Side view; X 100; hyptype, USNM No. 639157. Nodosaria Spimescens (ReUSS) ........:::cccceecsceessscesssecesseeeseseeseeeesnceoeseeee 258 19. Single chamber; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639190. 20. Two chambers; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 63191. Nodosaria latejugata Gtimbel...............::ccescessceesesseeseneeeeseeeeneeeeseeeses 258 21. Single chamber; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639197. 22. Single chamber; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639196. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 Figure A 8, 9. 10, 11. 12, 13. 14. 15. 16-18. 19, 20. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 281 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 54 Page IVUCAMEIYIUILINN A p1S Deere sce ccsststotoce Wevteatctecesverstttestsntasesdeorspérsesdigcannast¥aseseestracecsasas DOG Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639200. Robulus pseudomamilligerus (DPlWwmmMer) oe e teeters Q57 Side view; X 25; hypotype, USNM No. 639199. RO DULUISMINS HISUS Gilson ainkeccsecesesccces ees esscceetcessteeeesseeeeteneetessesst-eeseraee QD Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639162. Broken specimen (3 chambers); X 55; hypotype, USNM No. 639211. TROLS Sys. A \ncsoscosnteosens ossesocbeepdecaosacsacHacbeacceLoecc: BI iret i Rt ans Os 254 Broken specimen (3 chambers); X 60; hypotype, USNM No. 639212. Robulus degolyeri (Plummer) ..........:..::cccesseeesseeseseesesecseseeeseeeeeess 256 6. Side view; X 55; hypotype, USNM No. 639209. 7. Peripheral view; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639210. Robulus cf. R. piluliferus Cushiman..........cccccccceescesceeeseeneeneesees 256 8. Side view; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639213. 9. Side view; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639214. Robulus cf. R. rosettus (Giimbel ) ...-...:ceeeescceeeseeeeeeseeeesecececensseeeessaes 255 10. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639201. 11. Per- ipheral view; X 100; hypotype. Robulus turbinatus (Plummer )........::cccce cece eeeeeeteeteeteeteereeeenee DBD 12. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639161. 13. Per- ipheral view; X 100; hypotype. Polymorphina cf. P. frondea (Cushman) .........c.cccceeseeeeeeeeneres 260 Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639173. Ramulina cf. R. globulifera TEE 1B, TBP yisesscocamncdoosnosonasooodaacqso099000000"0 260 Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639188. INOMTONE LAGS oecsccescterseescesssstes scone caeceseseesssencssctesstegsedeseasacesesetsconesoesetaeeeose 261 16. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639224. 17. Per- ipheral view; X 150; hypotype. 18. Side view; X 150; hypotype. GTolouliniay ei bb ards Or bier ye cesses eee es eeee eee ec cece coee nc svececureces ceesesweres 260 19. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639208. 20. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639209. 282 CU al 8, 9. 10, 11. 17, 18. 19. 20, 21. 22, 23. BULLETIN 210 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 55 Chiloguembelina morsei (Kine) ..........::cccccccccsceesccessceesscesscerseseeeenses Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639225. Bolivinopsis cf. B. rosula (Hhrenberg) .-----::cccccecccsesceeseeetecesseeeseeess Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639226. Siphogenerinoides eleganta (Plummer) ...-.......:.::::csccccscceseeseeerseeees Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639221. Loxostoma cf. L. deadericki Cushman.............::::::ccccceeesececseeeereeeeeeens Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639227. Loxostoma deadericki exilis Cushman.............::scccccccccssssecsecceccesneeeeess Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639228. Bulimina cf. B. arkadelphiana midwayensis Cushman and (Parke tec. cccesevsoveaccuseseve sncnccuseesoee Ste eee ae Side view; X 100; specimen lost. Bulimina cacumenata Cushman and Parket............::::ssseseereeeeneeeeeeee Side view; X 150; hypotype, USNM No. 639160. Stilostomella cf. S. midwayensis (Cushman and Todd)................ 8. Side view; 2 chambers; X 50 hypotype, USNM No. 639175. 9. Side view (single chamber with mbs); X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639174. Stilostomella ef. S. paleocenica (Cushman and Todd).....-..........++ 10. Side view (single chamber); X 55; hypotype, USNM No. 639178. 11. Side view (single chamber); X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639179. Bolivina, midwayemsis Cushman...........::cccccccccsscccesseccessecesssesesseeeessees Side view; X 110; hypotype, USNM No. 639140. Bulimina (Desinobulimina) quadrata Plummev..............:c.ccce 13. Megalospheric form; X 55; hypotype. 14. Microspheric form; X 55; hypotype, USNM No. 639217. Gyroidina subangulata (Plummer ).............::ccccessesseeerseesseenseeeseeees 15. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639151. 16. Dor- sal view; X 100; hypotype. Gyroidina aequilateralis (Plummer) ...............::::ccsccccessscessseeseeeeeeeees 17. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639219. 18. Dor- sal view; X 100; hypotype. Coleites cf. C. reticulosus (Plummer) ............:::::cccccesseesseeeseeeseseeeeees Dorsal view; X 50; kypotype, USNM No. 639170. Osangularia expansa (Toulmin) ...............ccccceeceeceeseeeeceeeeeneeeneeeneees 20. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639171. 21. Dor- sal view; X 100; hypotype. Valvulineria wileoxensis Cushman and Ponton.........cccceesceseeseess 22. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639202. 23. Dor- sal view; X 100; hypotype. 264 265 Figure sl oo) 11, 12. 13, 14. 15, 16. 17, 18. 19-21. 22, 23. 24, 25. PALEOCENE FORAMS KENTUCKY: BROWNE AND HERRICK 283 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 56 Page Pulsiphonina prima (PlUMMEeYL ).-..-c cece eee ete eeetseeeteeetersteeens 267 1. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639180. 2. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype. Siphonina wileoxensis Cushman......cccccccccceeeeteneteeerenerserersen 268 3. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639181. 4. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype. Allomorphina paleocenica Cushman....-..cccccceeceeteeteneeeeteeteenee 270 5. Ventral view; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639184. 6. Dorsal view; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639183. Asterigerina primaria PlUmmet....--..-..cccceeceeseeeeeeeeeeeeetseeereeeeeenseeens 268 7. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No#639176. 8. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639177. Allomorphina subtriangularis (Kine) ....-....:::eeee eee eeeeteeeeees 270 Ventral view; X 50; hypotype, USNM No. 639185. Chilostomelloides eocenica CUuSHMAD..........:.ccceccecseeecneeeeeneeeeseeceueeeenes DA Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639182. Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss) ....:.:ccccceccececeseeeeeeseeseeseeseesensetsenerseees Piral 11. Side view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639149. 12. Per- ipheral view; X 100; hyoptype. Pseudoparrella exigua (H. B. Brady) ...-..:cccccccecceseeseeeseceseeeseeeteeens 270 13. Ventral view; X 100; hyoptype, USNM No. 639146. 14. Dor- sal view; X 100; hyoptype. Ceratobulimina perplexa (Plummer) .......-.:::c::ccceecceesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 269 15. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639150. 16. Ven- tral view; X 100; hypotype. Alabamina Wil@OxensisS Toulmin.........--c:cceccceccecccecceeeceecceececcencceeceeecees 269 17. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639195. 18. Dor- sal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639194. Globigerina compressa, PLUMIMEL..-...-...:-cceeeereeeeeeeeeseeceeseeeeeeeeeseeceeeees 271 19. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639148. 20. Per- ipheral view; X 100; hypotype. 21. Ventral view; X 100; hypo- type, USNM No. 639147. Globigerina pseudobulloides Plummiet.................:::cccccceesseeeeseereess 2TQ 22. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639153. 23. Ven- tral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639154. Globigerina triloculinoides Plummetv.................::::::ccssceesseeeeeeeeeeeeees 272 24. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639168. 25. Ven- tral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639167. Figure 3, 4. 11, 12. 13-15. 16-18. BULLETIN 210 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 57 Anomalina midwayensis (PIUMIMEL )......--cccccceecceeeccesseceeseeesteeeeesees 273 1. Dorsal view X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639187. 2. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639186. Anomalina clementiana (Q'OrDigny..---.....::ccccccsscccesessccecsesssseescesees 274 3. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639203. 4. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639204. Cibicidina mississippiensis (Cushman )........c:.:ccccssccesseecessecceseeeeetes 275 5. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639172. 6. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype. Anomalina welleri ((Plimmmer)bc-cccsccececc oreo 274 7. Ventral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639164. 8. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639165. Gibicides, alleni (Plummer )eseceeeeo soe 276 9. Peripheral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639220. 10. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype. Anomalina acuta PlummMeP.............::cccccsecccceseccccceccecsccevneccecneesceseececees 273 11. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639192. 12. Ven- tral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639193. Cibicides newmanae (Plummer ).............:::cceeccceeeceeeeteceeetcceeeneceetreeesees 975 13. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639159. 14. Per- ipheral view; X 100; USNM No. 639159. 15. Ventral view; X 100; USNM No. 639159. Cibicides praecursorius (Schwager ) ............::cccccecceseeseeseesseeseereeeseess 276 16. Dorsal view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639152. 17. Per- ipheral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639152. 18. Ven- tral view; X 100; hypotype, USNM No. 639152. ULL, AMER. PALEON PLATE 57 wee XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLII. XLII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. Volume I. Il. (Nos, 140-145). 400 pp., 19 pls. v.cccccseceseccccesssecssscspscssesscnsenes Trinidad Globigerinidae, Ordovician Enopleura, Tasmanian Ordovican cephalopods and Tennessee Ordovician ostra- cods and conularid bibliography. (Nos, 146-154). 386 pp., 31 pls. woceccccccsesesssesecesecsssseese G. D. Harris memorial, camerinid and Georgia Paleocene Foraminifera, South America Paleozoics, Australian Ordo- vician cephalopods, California Pleistocene Eulimide, Vol- utidae, and Devonian ostracods from Iowa, CNost Ub5rL60) 5°42) pp.y 53) pls: |ic..,...2lbisctypestestodassdos tues testes Globotruncana in Colombia, Eocene fish, Canadian Chazyan fossils, foraminiferal studies, (Nos. 161-164). ) 486 pp. 37 pls. ..idisecceliccgeetssasectvolerscssecscee Antillean Cretaceous Rudists, Canal Zone Foraminifera, Stromatoporoidea. (Nos. (1665-176). 447 ppi''53) plsap 0 lh iGatgndecatestonccbeseotes Venezuela geology, Oligocene Lepidocyclina, Miocene ostra- cods, and Mississippian of Kentucky, turritellid from Vene- zuela, larger forams, new mollusks, geology of Carriacou, Pennsylvanian plants. (Noss) 177-183) 2.( vA48\ pp, 3G piss so. jy sessed iaehqoeleiesssondoodinote Panama Caribbean mollusks, Venezuelan Tertiary formations and forams, Trinidad Cretaceous fofams, American-Eur- opean species, Puerto Rico forams. GING S184) 1) 0-996" pps EL PISe WOM dh tuel Nav be cadet abectea telat egs Type and Figured Specimens P.R.I. (Nos. 185-192). SS Lippy so episy eh: Sys ay ce ey a Australian Carpoid Echinoderms, Yap forams, Shell Bluff, Ga. forams. Newcomb mollusks, Wisconsin mollusk faunas, ‘Camerina, Va. forams, Corry Sandstone. CNORISS) ANC G7 3 ppr 48 Pl aii lee ei Venezuelan Cenozoic gastropods. (NOS: 194:198)7 427 ‘pp 39 jplsi set a Ordovician stromatoporoids, Indo-Pacific camerinids, Missis- sippian forams, Cuban rudists. (Nos: 199-203)? | 365 Bp, .68) pists. ee vw 4 ae Le. Puerto Rican, Antarctic, New Zealand forams, Lepidocyclina, Eumalacostraca. 12.00 12.00 13.50 15,00 16.00 16.00 20.00 16.00 13.50 16.00 16.00 UNO: 208) race MN RW ACS NE ENS OG MaMa ile pee Sa In press Venezuela Cenozoic pelecypods (Nos. 205-209). 241 ppy 51 \plsy S.A COON aS Large Foraminifera, Texas Cretaceous crustacean, Antarctic Devonian terebratuloid, Indiana foraminifera. ' PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA (Nos. 1-5). 519 pp., 75 pls. Monographs of Arcas, Lutetia, rudistids and venerids. RNoS. (G2). 153 El ppg, 37, PIS: Nek! AE On ek Heliophyllum halli, Tertiary turrids, Neocene Spondyli, Pale- ozic cephalopods, Tertiary Fasciolarias and Paleozoic and Recent Hexactinellida, (Nos. 13-25). 513 pp., 61 pls... ees eae eas) Ube Paleozoic cephalopod structure and phylogeny, Paleozoic siphonophores, Busycon, Devonian fish studies, gastropod studies, Carboniferous crinoids, Cretaceous jellyfish, Platy- strophia, and Venericardia, CNGs.. 26°30): 2) 2165p. 31 pls). a SA Ra Rudist studies, Busycon, Dalmanellidae, Byssonychia. 21.00 25.00 CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY AND PALAEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vols. I-VI. VIII-XV. See Kraus Reprint Corp. VII. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XXVI. XXVIII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXII. XXXII. XXXII. (Nos. 95-100). (No:-32).. © (730 /ppsi90 pls: 7... 3...,20..5 Rie ice a eee Claibornian Eocene scaphopods, gastropods, and cephalopods. GNos! 59-61) 0) 140 (pps (48 pls awh. 2, aes ee eee ene Venezuela and Trinidad Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos. |'62°63)5. 283 pp.f 33 piss 30s Ae ee eee Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos: 64-67). s286-pps,, 29pls.. .. 6.5.5.4 XG, dos beens atpeterace teers Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. (No. 68). 272 pp., 24 pls... Pepin Re, ies WAC. nT. Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. (Nos. -69-70€) ... i 266. pp.,+26; pls.) ): i ea ed Cretaceous and Tertiary Paleontology of Peru and Cuba. (Nos, 71-72) .-2321-pp., 12 plsi7 Se ee Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. (Nos. 73-76). 356 pp., 31 pls. ....... ye Paleozoic Paleontology and Tertiary Foraminifera. (Nos.'77-49) 6-251) ppl, So Splish... ibe ci ee eee ee Corals, Cretaceous microfauna and biography of Conrad. (Nos... 80-87)... 334 pp.) 27 iplsy 6.22} Cee eee ee Mainly Paleozoic faunas and Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos: 88-94B).” . 306>pp., 30) pls. a2... eek cokes tees Paleozoic fossils of Ontario, Oklahoma and Colombia, Meso- zoic echinoids, California Pleistocene and Maryland Mio- cene mollusks. 420 ‘pps. 58\pls si Lr A AS Ns Florida Recent marine shells, Texas Cretaceous fossils, Cuban and Peruvian Cretaceous, Peruvian Eogene corals, and geology and paleontology ‘of Ecuador. (Nos. 101-108). 376 pp., 36 pls. .oc.c.cccceccesiee ceesteesecsetseereeees Tertiary Mollusca, Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian fish and Paleozoic geology and fossils of Venezuela. (Nos: 109-114Y. "412 pp) 54 pla a 2 Paleozoic cephalopods, Devonian of Idaho, Cretaceous and Eocene mollusks, Cuban and Venezuelan forams. (Nos.-415-116) 2. °738 pps, 52pls) Ae. Ae ee Bowden forams and Ordovician cephalopods. (No. 117). 563 pp., 65 ph cishsboilswecvartaced fot ate Mea ena Jackson Eocene mollus €Nos.: 118-128)... 458 pp., 27 pls) vce 7... DA eee Venezuelan and California mollusks, Chowne: and Pennsyl- vanian crinoids, Cypraeidae, Cretaceous, Miocene and Recent corals, Cuban and Floridian forams, and Cuban fossil local- ities. (Nos.'.129-183).), 294 ppi,39 pls oe ee nee Silurian cephalopods, crinold studies, Tertiary forams, and Mytilarca. (Nos: 134-139)..." 448 pps .S1 ‘plsAs, es Ree Devonian annelids, Tertiary mollusks, Ecuadoran stratigraphy paleontology. 15.00 6.00 11.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 11.00 . 12.00 10.00 10.50 10.00 11.00 12.00 12.00 18.00 15.00 12.00 10.00 12.00 Mee. GUN. CUE LIBRARY i q Da Nee ae JOCT 29 1963 | q HARVARD By UNIVERSIT BULLETINS ty OF ih ~» AMERICAN = PAT EONTOLOGY * ¢ VOL XLV * sd ae _ NUMBER 211 1963 AN PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION \ ITHACA, NEW YORK U. S.A. Co ak Tmt Fe oS OM eee dL PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION ~ 1963-1964 PRESIDEN /E esos oe, AT wad Nh EOL as AO ein ge gE cepa ‘sssiAXEL A, OLSSoN VICE-PRESIDENT es 24 pees 8s A Ee AT ND ees DoNnALD W, FISHER SECRETARY-"LREASURER (0.5 2287s Whey + SA SO Oe ee -REBECCA S. HARRIS DIRECTOR tices Do ee COUNSEL. bis 8 Nee Mas Sieh 2 et yee PRN i TC Bl OS eri aes ee ARMAND L. ADAMS REPRESENTATIVE AAAS Counem, 2.28" A Lies lee lees KENNETH E. CASTER Trustees : Kennetu E. Caster (1960-1966) KATHERINE V..W. PALMER {Life) DoNnALD W. FIsHER (1961-1967) RaLpH A. LIwDLe (1962-1968) ReBeccsé S. Harris (Life) AxeL A, Oxsson (Life) Sotomon C. HoLrisTER (1959-1965) NorMAN E. WEISBORD (1957-1963) ” Joun W. WELLS (1958-64) BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY and PALEONTOGRAPHICA AMERICANA KATHERINE V. W. PALMER, Editor Mrs. Fay Brices, Secretary Advisory Board | KENNETH, E, CASTER Hans KUGLER f A. Myra KEEn Jay GLENN Marks ae Complete titles and price list of separate available numbers may be had on application. All volumes will be available except vol. I of Paleontographica Americana. For reprint, Vols. 1-6, 8-16, Bulletins of American Paleontology see Kraus Reprint Corp., 16 East 46th St, New York 17, N.Y., USA Subscription may be entered at any time by volume or year, with average price of $16.00 per volume for Bulletins. Numbers of Paleontographica Amer-. icana invoiced per issue. Purchases in U.S.A. for professional purposes are deductible from income tax. For sale by Paleontologica}] Research Institution 2 109 Dearborn Place wily, SN Aer Ithaca, New York USA?) ERRATA 297—Line 7 from bottom read planata for planta 304—Line 25 from top read 1857 for 1856e 313—Line 10 from top read .95 for 95 318—Line 19 from bottom read Colln. for Collin. 339—Line 7 transpose 342—Line 8 from bottom, heading, read purus for parcipictus; Pl. 66, figs. 4, 4a for Pl. 65, figs. 4, 5 346—Line 19 from top read 262 for 252 348—Line 1 read Tryon for Tyron 380—Lines 9, 14 from top, delete. Move line 10 to line 14 BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY (Founded 1895) Vol. 46 No. 211 TYPE SPECIMENS OF MARINE MOLLUSCA DESCRIBED BY P. P. CARPENTER FROM THE WEST COAST OF MEXICO AND PANAMA By KATHERINE V. W, PALMER Paleontological Research Institution October 22, 1963 Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. \ Library of Congress Catalog Card Numb i. cor LIBh, OCT 29 1963. | NAR so aay Printed in the Waren States of America t 2) } CONTENTS Page ANGI PEURE cecal tee lar CE pe he ee Pere, Ane R na ea Bar pea 289 USAR O NULLA 5a ts RP tice Ree ee SS Re ER EE ete eel eee Ee 289 PNGHMIOMVLGGIETINGM ESE oes eet le Stes ta ctap iran season enc ue onus Ponssnci fone anid sasaeinue atorekeateedaeteysaapavee 292 Localities and collections of West Coast (Mexican and Panamanian) species desenibedeibyt Gar pen ten ice. i scsccvccs poecenceeen ctu custenanetecenohasauuceduasetsncssnaerovabncsteense ts 293 De OsItOMIeS ROLE ty, OS ice crete! Mees sce scee Seed aaoe Se Adee osu e Revo a ace see neod ete de aoe tee seee hese 297 SiS temmeatiGmCesenuptlOmSy xk... ee. slssecacte sen ceees seebac ence ccueeeesooe eeecet Sidesec ch anranodec S. t. candida, tenui, sublevi, striis incrementi exillimis, confertis, antice et ventraliter maxime producta; margine anteriore bene ex- curvato, postico valde undato, ventrali subincurvato; umbonibus prom- inentibus, appressis; lunula indistincte impressa; ligamentis, externo magno, interno minimo, alteri adjacente; dentibus cardinalibus duobus, quarum alter bifidus, alter minimus; cicatricibus muscularibus, antica elongata, angusta, marginem ventralem appropinquante ; postica sub- quadrata, intus undulata, sinu pallii maximo; pagina interna cardinem versus undulata. Long. 1-45, lat. 1-88, alt. -7 poll. Hab. Sinu Californiensi: legit C. Shipley, Esq. Mus. Cuming. Resembles §. angulata, Chemn., but differs in the great production of the anterior ventral portion, in the development of the wave, and in the length of the external ligament. This and the following species form connecting links between Scrobicularia and Tellina. Carpenter (1864b, p. 554; 1865d, p. 279) persisted in the opinion that the shell he described as ? Scrobicularia producta was “Tellina dombeyt Lam.” [Hanley, 1844, p. 144]. The holotype of S. producta Carpenter bears the label “Loc. Gulf of California, H. Cuming Collin. ex C. Shipley.” Holotype.—Reg. No. 19621113 BM (NH). Distribution.—Gulf of California (type). Juliacorbula biradiata (Sowerby) Corbula biradiata (Sowerby), 1833, p. 33. Corbula polychroma Carpenter, 1857c, pp. 226, 228, 300; Gould and Car- penter, 1857, p. 198; Carpenter, 1864b, p. 534, Reprint, 1872, p. 20 “= C. biradiata, var.’ [Sowerby], p. 553, Reprint, 1872, p. 39 “Corbula rubra = C. biradiata jun., No. 503, M. 31. No. 509 are dead valves of the same, = C. polychroma, Cpr.’; Carpenter, 1863, p. 31, Reprint, 1872, p. 205; Hertlein and Strong, 1950, p. 239 under Aloides (Caryocorbula) biradiata (Sowerby). Corbula (Caryocorbula) biradiata Sowerby (C. polychroma Gould and Car- penter, 1857), Keen, 1958, p. 208, fig. 524. Juliacorbula biradiata (Sowerby), Olsson, 1958, p. 437, pl. 75, figs. 4-4b see for synonymy and notes on J. biradiata. Carpenter indicated that the specimens named Corbula poly- chroma by him and Gould were the same as C. biradiata named earlier by Sowerby which also included the C. ruba of C. B. Adams. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘TyprEs: PALMER 319 Pandora (Clidiophora) cornuta C. B. Adams Pandora cornuta C. B. Adams, 1852, pp. 295, 323; Turner, 1956, p. 43, pl. 17, figs. 15, 16 type. Clidiophora acutedentata Carpenter, 1864c, p. 598, Reprint, 1872, p. 227 substitute name for P. cornuta Adams; Carpenter, 1869, p. 69. Carpenter’s name was a substitute for P. cornuta C. B. Adams because Carpenter thought that cornuta was inappropriate for the character of the species. This was not a valid reason for renaming so Carpenter's specific name may be disregarded. Pandora (Clidiophora) cristata Carpenter Pl. 69, figs. 1-4 Clidiophora cristata Carpenter, 1864c, p. 597, Reprint, 1872, p. 226; 1869, p. 69. Pandora cristata (Carpenter), Sowerby im Reeve, 1874, Pandora, pl. 1. fig. 1. Pandora (Clidiophora) cristata Carpenter, Keen, 1958, p. 225, fig. 571; Olsson, 1961, p. 456 under Pandora (Clidiophora) arcuata Sowerby, 1835, p. 93. 7 Original description. — C. t. securiformi, minus transversa, tenut, subplanata; umbonibus ad 2/5 longitudinis sitis; ventraliter maxime excurvata; marginibus dor- salibus, post. maxime incurvato, ant. hic et illic alulis triangularibus cristato; intus marginibus posticis utraque in valva erectis: v. dextr. dente postico satis longo, cicatrice adductoris tenus haud porrecto; dente centrali extante; dente antico a margine separato, usque ad cic. anticam porrecto, haud extante: v. sinistr. dente post. bifido, haud extante, alterum recipiente, fossa cartilaginea contigua, d. centr. nullo; d. ant. satis extante, usque ad cicatr. anticam porrecto; linea palliari a margine valde remota, regulariter in puncta divisa; radiis ab um- bonibus usque ad puncta conspicuis, aequalibus; ossiculo tenui, elongato. Long. 1-0, lat. -6, alt. -1 poll. Hab. in sinu Californiensi; legit Conway Shipley diligentissimus; sp. un. in Museo Cumingiano. This species is known from C. claviculata by the much greater pos- terior curvature of the beaks, and anteriorly by the beautiful triangular wing-like serrations of the margin, in which it resembles Tellidora burneti. The inside has elegant rays from the umbo to the dotted pallial line. Olsson believed the Clidiophora cristata Carpenter and C. claviculata (Carpenter), 1856a (p. 228) were the same as the species earlier described by Sowerby (1835) as Pandora arcuata. The illustrations herein of the holotype of C. cristata reveals that the Carpenter species is distinct from that of Sowerby which was so thoroughly figured by Olsson (1961, pl. 81, figs. la-1g). The beau- tiful photographs of the holotype furnished by the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) reveal the conspicuous rays described by Carpenter in the last line of his description. C. claviculata is the type species of Clidiophora Carpenter, ‘ 320 BULLETIN 211 1856a. It was described from Mazatlan. Holotype—Reg. No. 1963441 BM (NH). Distribution.—Gulf of California (type). Thracia squamosa Carpenter Pl. 63, figs. 16, 17 Thracia squamosa Carpenter, 1856a, p. 229; 1857c, pp. 287, 300, 366; 1860d, p. 2; 1864b, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105 ‘1 broken pair.” Original description——Carpenter, 1856a, p. 229. T.t. “T. villosiuculae” simili, sed magis transversa; superficie granulis distinctioribus instructa,; ligamento extus curtiori, intus fulcro majore, minus declivi; sinu palli angustiore, magis producto. Long. -72, lat. 1:14, alt. -38 poll. Hab. Mazatlan: legit C. Shipley, Esq. Mus. Cuming. Remarkably like the British species, from which it differs,—in the shape, which is rather more transverse, lengthening the pallial sinus; in the external granules, which are somewhat coarser; and in the liga- mental pit, which is rather larger, and therefore at a greater angle from the margin. The specimen (USNM 15885) is a broken pair as Carpenter stated in 1864. A small part of each hinge remains intact. They are figured herein. The shell is thin, almost transparent, white and brittle. Ihe outer surface is microscopically punctate with a scab- rous appearance on the under surface of the outer layer. The specimens labelled type in the U. S. National Museum from Cape St. Lucas cannot be the type. The species was described from Mazatlan. They may be the specimens which Carpenter men- tioned as collected at Cape St. Lucas. Specimen figured.—No. 15885, USNM, “C. St. Lucas Xantus”. Not type as labelled in the collection. Distribution.—Mazatlan, state of Sinoloa, west Mexico (type), Cape St. Lucas. Magdalena Bay, Lower California, through Gulf (Keen). Asthenothaerus villosior Carpenter Asthenothaerus villosier Carpenter 1864a, p. 311; Reprint, 1872, p. 209; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Keen, 1958 p. 231, fig. 591 (type). See Palmer, 1958, p. 75, pl. 4, figs. 5-9 for synonymy, illustra- tion of type, and discussion. Original description.— A. testa inequivalvi, inequilaterali, umbonibus ad trientem longitudinis sitis; tenuissima, alba, (sub lente) omnino minutissime et creberrime pustulosa; rugis incrementi obtusissimis, irregularibus, maxime t. juniore, ornata; epidermide tenui, pallide olivacea induta; parte pos- CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN LypEs: PALMER 32] tica truncata, parum hiante; antica valde rotundata; marginibus dor- salibus et ventrali parum excurvatis; umbonibus angustissimis; regioni- bus lunulari et nymphali subcarinatis: intus, margine cardinali utrius- que valve acuto; ligamento inconspicuo; cartilagine subspongiosa, satis elongata, postice deflecta; fovea haud indentata; cicatricibus ad- ductorum parvis, subrotundatis; sinu pallii majore, ovali, ad dimidium interspatii porrecto. Long. -38, lat. -26, alt. -14 poll.+ + The measures of length are taken from the anterior to the pos- terior margins. The “detailed notes” are still in MSS. Holotype.—No. 16292, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type); San Pedro, California, to Cape San Lucas (Dall, 1921). GASTROPODA Acmaea atrata Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 27-29 Acmaca (? var.) atrata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 474, Reprint, 1872, p. 213; 1864b, pp. 541, 618, 666, Reprint, 1872, pp. 27, 104, 152; Pilsbry, 1891, p. 29, pl. 7, figs. 61-65 types; Stearns, 1894, p. 197#Burch, 1946, p. 34+; Burch, 1946a, No. 57,p.15. Collisella atrata (Carpenter), Dall, 1871a, p. 255, pl. 14, figs. 15, 15a denti- tion. Acmaea atrata Carpenter, Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 129; Keen, 1958, p. 243, fig. 2 copy Pilsbry, type; Palmer, 1958, p. 122 which see. Original description Carpenter, 1864a, p. 474. A. testa solida, rugosa, conica, apice paulum antrorsum sito; extus costis crebris rotundatis irregularibus, hic et illic majoribus sculpta, haud apicem versus discordanter corrugatis; interstitiis minimis; intus alba, castaneo et nigro varie maculata; margine latiore, nigro tessel- lato. Long. 1-3, lat. 1-0, alt. -5 poll. Variat margine nigro-punctato, punctis plerumque bifidis. Variat quo- que costis parvis, creberrimis; margine nigro. Intermediate between “P discors,’ Phil., and“P. floccata,’ Reeve. Three specimens in the U.S. National Museum represent the original material, two of the shells are in a bottle labelled “type fig’'d”. These are probably the types illustrated by Pilsbry. The largest of the three specimens has the apex about one-third the dis- tance from the margin. The shell is coarsely sculptured with about 26 primary, large, radiating ribs. The shell is badly worn yet finer ribs between the coarse radiating ribs are revealed. The ribs appear black through the callus on the interior margin. This condition produces a black and white effect. The callus on the inside is ir- regularly thickened. The muscle scar is narrow, lines with brown- ish coloration. The sculpture of the three specimens is the same and indicates that they represent the same species. The medium- sized shell is the best preserved with all of the radiating ribs coarse. Those on the shorter portion of shell are the coarsest with two sec- 522 BULLETIN 211 ondary and a tertiary rib between. Dimensions.—Syntypes, greatest diameter, 32 mm., width, 25 mm., height, 16 mm.; 19 mm., 14 mm., 6 mm.; 12 mm., 9 mm., 5 mm. respectively. Syntypes—No. 4019, three specimens, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (Xantus) (type). Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Acapulco, State of Guerrero, west Mexico (Keen, 1958). Acmaea filosa Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 24-26 Acmaea (? floccata, var.) filosa Carpenter, 1865c, p. 276, Reprint, 1872, p. 267. Acmaea filosa Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1891, p. 27, pl. 7, figs. 80-82 type; Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 129; Keen, 1958, p. 244, fig. 5 copy Pilsbry type. Original description.— A. t. “A. mesoleuce” forma et indole simili; sed sculptura multo tenu- iore; t. jun. levi; dein lirulis delicatulis, acutis, haud granulosis, valde distantibus, interdum obsoletis, filosa; interstitius latis, levibus; tenut, planata, ovali, subdiaphana, nigrofusco, corneo radiatim strigata, seu varie maculata: intus livida seu albida, coloribus externis transeunti- bus; limbo lato, acuto. Long. -7, lat. -56, alt. -12. =Lottia ? patina, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 367. Hab. Panama (C. B. Adams). There is no described west-tropical species to which these shells can be affiliated, unless they prove to be a very delicate variety of A. floccata, Rve. Unfortunately the Panama limpets have never been collected in sufficient numbers to make out their specific limits satis- factorily. The names here given may stand as species or varieties, according to future elucidation. In shape and texture, but not in colour or sculpture, these shells resemble 4. fascicularis,; in the latter respects, A. strigatella. They were named “tenera, Ad.” by Dr. Dohrn, but are sufficiently distinct from that West-Indian species. The type material consists of the holotype. The specimen is flat, dark brown, with irregular, light, wide, radiating lines which are not continuous from tip to margin. The apex has light brown spots or blotches. ‘The interior is bluish white with a brown spot in the apical area. The margin is brownish with light, wide lines showing through. Dimensions.—Greatest diameter, 18 mm.; width, 14 mm.; height, 3 mm.; width from apex to margin, 5 + mm. Holotype.—No. 15923, USNM. DistributionPanama (type). El Salvador to Panama and Galapagos Islands (Keen, 1958). CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘TyprEs: PALMER 323 Acmaea strigatella Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 11-14 Acmaca strigatella Carpenter, 1864a, p. 475, Reprint, 1872, p. 214; Pilsbry, 1891, p. 27, pl. 7, figs. 83-85 types; Keen, 1958, p. 246; Palmer, 1958, p. 125 see for full synonymy and notes. Original description.— A. testa A. mesoleuce simili, sed minore, haud viridi; striolis mini- mis, confertissimis, plerumque erosis tenuissime sculpta; albida, strigis olivaceo-fuscis, plerumque radiantibus, interdum confluentibus picta; apice sepius nigro; intus albida, margine satis lato, strigis tessellato. Long. -9, lat. -74, alt. -3 poll. Variat colore hic et illic aurantiaco tincto: strigis omnino tessellatis. According to Darwin, this might be regarded as a cross between the northern forms 4. pelta and A. patina, about to change into the Gulf species, 4. mesoleuca. The dark variety resembles 4. cantharus, but the very delicate crowded strie well distinguish it when not abraded. The syntypes in the U.S. National Museum consist of six spec- imens. Three of the shells are immature which show the irregular blotched apical area over the whole upper stirface as on the apical whorls of A. filosa Carpenter. ‘The larger mature specimens have the apex eroded with the radiating dark lines revealed. The in- terior may be whitish, bluish, or greenish white with a dark mar- gin and alternating dark and light lines. Palmer (1958) gave a discussion of the confusion of the names strigatella and strigillata and the status of each. Dimensions.—Syntypes. Apex from margin Greatest diameter width height mm. mm. mm. mm. 6 Zl 18 8 5 17 14 7 dete 15 12 6+ 5— 5) 11 4 Aste Ig: 1] 4 3b 10 8 3 Syntypes——No. 12594, USNM. Distribution—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Magdalena Bay, Lower California, to Mazatlan, Mexico. Acmaea subrotundata Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 21-23 Acmaea (? floccata, var.) subrotundata Carpenter, 1865c, p. 277, Reprint, 1872, p. 268. Acmaea subrotundata Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1891, p. 28, pl. 33, figs. 1-3 type A. subrotunda [sic]; Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 129; Burch, 1946, p. 35: Keen, 1958, p. 246, fig. 13. 324 BULLETIN 21] Original description.— A. t. “A. var. filose” simili, sed subtrotundata, magis elevata, vertice subcentrali; colore intensiore, lineis corneis crebrioribus, angustis; t. jun. sepe pallidiore, radiis duobus postice triangulata; intus callo livido, tenuiore. Long. -53, lat. -45, alt. -15. = Lottia, sp. ind. a, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells no. 368. Hab. Panama (C. B. Adams). The type material consists of the holotype labelled “A (var. ?) subrotundata = Lottia C. B.Ad. Cpr.” “fig’d.” The apex of the specimen is pointed and subcentral. It is dark brown with worn, fine radiating lines with wide interspaces. The interior is light with a brownish or pinkish central area; the margin is dark with brown lines, and the radiating ribs show through from the exterior. Dimensions.—Greatest diameter, 14 mm.; width, 12 mm; height, 4 mm.; apex from margin, 5 + mm. (holotype). Holotype.—No. 15922, USNM. Distribution.—Panama (type). Nicaragua to Panama (Keen, 1958). Acmaea vernicosa Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 15-17 Acmaea (? var.) vernicosa Carpenter, 1865c, p. 277, Reprint, 1872, p. 268; Pilsbry, 1891, p. 28, pl. 33, fig. 99 type. Acmaea vernicosa Carpenter, Burch, 1946, p. 35; Keen, 1958, p. 246, fig. 15 copy Pilsbry. Original description — A. t. parva, subrotundata, depresso-conica, apice ad duas quintas partes sito; albido-viridi, strigis paucis rufo-fuscis hic et illic ornata, sepius radiis duobus candidis, postice triangulata; extus lineis acutis radiantibus, valde distantibus, sepe obsoletis vix sculpta: intus livida, callosa, sepius spathula candida ornata; basi subplanata, limbo an- gusto. Long. -3, lat. -24, alt. -1. Hab. Panama (Jewett, C. B. Adams). =Lottia, sp. ind. b, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 369. Had this form been brought from the China Seas, it might have been taken for the young of 4. biradiata, Rve. From its solidity, however, its rough exterior, and its callous interior, it appears to be adult. It is barely possible that it may develope into 4. vespertina. It differs from the young of A. subrotundata in being much thicker and less spotted with the green tint. The holotype has a label “Acmaea (var.) vernicosa Cpr.” “Panama, C.B.Ads.” “type fig’d”. An old label reads, “A. (Collisel- la)? vespertina var. vernicosa” “Panama C.B. Adams’. A note is included, “probably = young A. discors” “teste A.R. Grant’. Ss) RO Cr CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘TYPES: PALMER The shell is small, and as Carpenter stated, would be taken for a young specimen. There are fine radiating lines on the ex- terior. The color is white with a brownish creamy cast. ‘The inside is white with a central callus. The margin has a light brown hue with four, dark brown patches on the margin. Dimensions.—Greatest diameter, 7 mm.; width, 6 mm.; height, 2+ mm.; apex from margin, 3 + mm. (holotype). Holotype.—No. 15924, USNM. Distribution.—Panama (type). Diodora saturnalis (Carpenter) Pl. 65, figs. 18-20 Glyphis saturnalis Carpenter, 1864a, p. 475, Reprint, 1872, p. 214; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Fissuridea saturnalis (Carpenter), Pilsbry and Johnson, 1891, p. 105 stated was known as “Glyphis densiclathrata Reeve” (1850, Conch. Icon., VI). Diodora saturnalis (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 25 fig. 34. Original description.— G. testa G. inequali simili, sed minore, latiore, altiore, tenuissime cancellata; striis radiantibus plus minusve propinquis, plus minusve nodulosis; fissura prope trientem longitudinis sita, minima, lineari, medio lobata; intus callositate albida, truncata. Long. -38, lat. -24, alt. -18 poll. The minute hole resembles the telescopic appearance of Satura when the rings are reduced to a line. The type material consists of six syntypes, including two adults, two intermediate individuals, and two young shells. The label reads “Type ? = Mus Rve’”. The specimens have all fresh sculpture and are the same species. The fine, nodose, radiating lines alternate in size. The surface has alternating white and brown strips. Dimensions.—Syntypes. apex from Greatest diameter width height margin mm. mm. mm. mm. 1] 7 — 3 10 7 4 3 8 5 4 2 7 5 4 3— 5 314 LY 2+ 5 4 2+ 2+ 326 BULLETIN 211 Syntypes.—No. 15853, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). San Ignacia Lagoon, Lower California, to Ecuador (Keen, 1958). Calliostoma aequisculptum Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 9, 10 Calliostoma (? lima, var.) aequisculpita Carpenter, 1865d, p. 279, Reprint, 1872, p. 272; Pilsbry, 1889, p. 365 young of C. lima Philippi, 1849, Zeits- chr. f. Mal., p. 159. Calliostoma lima (Philippi), Keen, 1958, p. 255 ? C. aequisculpta Carpenter. Original description. — C. ¢. “C. lime”? simili; sed anfr. planatis, suturis haud distinctis ; sculptura regulari; jun. monilibus spiralibus inter se aequalibus; tf. adulta majore et minore alternantihus,; colore rufescente, granulis inter- dum rufo-fiusco maculatis. Hab. Acapulco (Newberry). Dr. Newberry’s specimens agree in most essential respects with “Trochus lima, Phil.,” in C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 276, which appears identical with the shells marked “Ziziphinus antonii, Koch, N. Zea- land,” in Mus. Cuming. The Acapulcan shells are quite flat, while those from Panama are for the most part shouldered as in C. eximium, Rve. (= C. versicolor, Mke. Maz. Cat. no. 289). However, there is no little variation among the Professor’s specimens of C. lima, and some are so slightly shouldered that the Acapulcan form may be a local variety. The holotype is of a light pinkish color which is dotted with pink small sharp spots. The apex is worn. The whorls are not shouldered. ‘The surface of the shell has five, primary, nodose, re- volving, beaded ribs. All primaries over the whorls, including the margin of the base, have alternating finer beaded ribs. There are primaries only on the base of the body whorl. The umbilical area is sunken but not open. The basal margin is somewhat sharp. Dimensions.—Length, 16 mm.; greatest diameter, 20 mm. (holotype). Holotype.—No. 16013, USNM. Distribution.—Acapulco, State of Guerrero, west Mexico (type). Haplocochlias cyclophoreus Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 1, 2 Haplocochlias cyclophoreus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 476, Reprint, 1872, p. 215; Pilsbry, 1888, pp. 16, 107; Keen, 1958, p. 260; Palmer, 1958, p. 56. Type species of Haplocochlias Carpenter, 1864. Original description.— H. testa compacta, parva, solidiore; albida, seu pallide aurantiaca; anfr. v., rapide augentibus, suturis impressis; tota superficie minutissime spiraliter striolata, nitida; apertura rotundata; peritremate continuo, incrassato, extus varicoso; labio distincto; axi t. jun. umbilicata, CARPENTER MOLLUSGCAN [TyPkEs: PALMER 327 adulte lacunata. Long. -19, long. spir. -06, lat. -2 poll., div. 100°. When laid on its base, this shell resembles Helicina; but the mouth is more like Cyclophorus. The young shell is semitransparent; and resembles a Vitrinella with thickened lip. The type material consists of five shells, two large, two tiny, and one intermediate in size. The body whorl is enlarged. The whorls are rounded. The apical whorls are worn or absent. Shell consists of five whorls. The surface is covered with microscopic spiral lines with finer interspaces. ‘The color is white, the spire has an orange tinge. The body whorl is greatly enlarged. The aperture is rotund, the peritreme is continuous, enlarged, and rolled in ap- pearance. The young is umbilicate, the adult shell is lacunate. Dimensions.—Length, 6 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 mm.; larg- est syntype; length 1.75 mm., greatest diameter 1.5 mm. smallest syntype. ‘ Syntypes.—No. 18112, USNM. Distribution —Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Tricolia carpenteri Dall Pl. 63, figs. 9, 10 Phasianella (Eucosmia) punctata Carpenter, 1864a, pp. 475, 476, Reprint, 1872, p. 215; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Not Tricolia punctata Risso, 1826, p. 123. Not Phasianella compta var. punctata Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1888, p. 173 section Tricolia. San Diego. Phasianella (Eucosmia) punctata Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1888, p. 177. Phasianella (Tricolia) carpenteri Dall, 1908, p. 255 new name for E. punc- tata (Carpenter) not E. punctata (Risso) Phasianella (Tricola [sic|) pulloides Carpenter, Strong, 1928, p. 192 in part. “Phasianella (Tricolia) carpenteri’ Dall, Palmer, 1958, p. 151. Original description — E. testa E. variegate simili, sed multo majore, multo magis elongata, angustiore, Phasianelloidea; plerumque fusco creberrime punctata; umbilico parvo. Long. -22, long. spir. -11, lat. -15 poll., div. 50°. The holotype has not been found. There is a possible paratype in the British Museum (Natural History) which Mr. Tebble lo- cated. He wrote that “the damaged, juvenile specimen was collected by Mr. Xantus at Cape San Lucas, the type locality.” If it were not damaged the shell could be selected as a lectotype. Holotype.—Not found. Possible paratype, Reg. No. 19621123, BM (N#). Distribution—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). BULLETIN 211 ©9 ho (2) Tricolia cyclostoma (Carpenter) Pl. 66, fig. 6 Eucosmia cyclostoma Carpenter, 1864a, p. 476, Reprint, 1872, p. 215; 1854b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Phasianella (Eucosmia) cyclostoma Carpenter, Pilsbry, 1888, p. 177. Original description — E. testa parva, valde obtusa, lata, regulari, valvatoidea; marginibus spire vix excurvatis; pallide cinerea, fusco-olivaceo dense punctata seu maculata; anfr. nucleosis pallidis, mamillatis; normalibus i1i, valde tumentibus, suturis valde impressis; apertura vix a pariete indentata; umbilico magno, subspirali. Long. -05, long. spir. -025, lat. -05 poll., div. 90 Curiously like a small depressed Valvata obtusa, but with the texture of Phasianella. The tiny holotype consists of three whorls; the nucleus is broken. The whorls are rounded, slightly shouldered, and flecked with microscopic bits like parts of an epidermis. Aperture and umbilicus are large. The shell is a dark brownish color. Dimensions.—Length, 2 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 + mm. (holotype). Holotype.—No. 11831, USNM. The holotype is on the original Carpenter glass mount with label ““Type Eucosmia cyclostoma Cp. CSI.” Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Tricolia substriata (Carpenter) [Phasianella| (Eucosmia) (? variegata, var.) substriata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 475, Reprint, 1872, p. 215; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Pilsbry, 1888, p. 177; Palmer, 1958, p. 150, pl. 19, figs. 20, 21 holotype, see for full synonymy and illustration of type. Tricolia substriata (Carpenter), M. Smith, 1944, p. 6. Original description — E. testa E. variegate simillima, sed anfr. circa basin et supra spiram (nisi in anfr. nucl. levibus), interdum tota superficie tenuiter et crebre striatis; striis anfr. penult. circ. x. Holotype —USMN, No. 11829 (original label, “type C.S.I’). Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Monterey, Cali- fornia, to Panama (Burch). Tricolia variegata (Carpenter) Pl. 66, fig. 5 [Phasianella] Eucosmia variegata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 475, Reprint, 1872, p. 214; Pilsbry, 1888, p. 177; Not Phasianella variegata Lamarck, 1822, p. 52 Phasianella (Eulithidium) typica Dall, 1908, p. 255 new name for Phasi- anella variegata Carpenter; Palmer, 1958, p. 151 see for synonymy and notes. Tricolia variegata (Carpenter), Robertson, 1958, p. 248, pl. 138, fig. 6; p. 279, pl. 148, fig. 1. Eulithidium Pilsbry, 1898 considered synonymous with Tricolia Risso, 1826, p. 122. CARPENTER MOLLUSGAN ‘Types: PALMER 329 Original description.— fe . E. testa parva, levi, turbinoidea, nitente, marginibus spire valde excurvatis; rosaceo et rufo-fusco varie maculata; anfr. nucleosis regu- laribus, vertice mamillato; normalibus iv., valde tumentibus, rapide augentibus, suturis impressis; anfr. ultimo antice producto; oasi ro- tunda; umbilico carinato; apertura vix a pariete indentata; peritre- mate pene continuo, acuto. Long. -1, long. spir. -05, lat. -07 poll., div. 70°. Variat interdum rugulis incrementi ornata. The original types consists of four specimens, three of which are available. The shell consists of four smooth whorls. ‘The nucleus is large. ‘The suture is distinct. ‘The enlarged body whorl is umbili- cate. The specimen, intermediate in size, has microscopic spiral lines. The color is reddish brown or pinkish mottled with spots. T. variegata (Carpenter) is the type species of Eulithidium Pilsbry, 1898 (p. 60). When the species is placed in the genus Tricolia the new name given by Dall is not mecessary. ‘The species was not originally classified in the genus Phasianella. Dimensions.—Length, 3 mm. (large), greatest diameter, 2.5 mm.; length, 2 mm. (intermediate); greatest diameter, 1 mm. (smallest) (syntypes). Syntypes—No. 11836, USNM. The types are on the original Carpenter glass mount with label, ““Type Eucosmia variegata Cpr. CSL.” Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Xantus Coll. Eulima falcata Carpenter PIN 66) He Eulima falcata Carpenter, 1865d, p. 280, Reprint, 1872, p. 273; Bartsch, 1917, p. 303, pl. 42, fig. 6. Melanella falcata (Carpenter), Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 120. Melanella (Balcis) falcata (Carpenter), M. Smith, 1944, p. 8, fig. 75. Original description.— E. t. valde tereti, valde curvata, alba, politissima, solidiore, marginibus spire meniscoideis; anfr. nucl. 2... [detritis|]; norm. circ. x., planatis, lente augentibus; axt hamata, suturis indistinctis; basi elongata, haud tereti; apertura pyriforme, antice latiore; labro acuto; labio tenui, appresso. Long. -31, long. spir. -21, lat. -09; div. 12°. Hab. Acapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell. The spire-outlines are scythe-shaped. It is much larger and more solid than L. distorta and (? var.) yod. The original material consists of the holotype of 714 whorls. They are white, smooth, curved, with the nuclear whorls broken. 330 BULLETIN 21] The suture is fine and distinct. ‘The body whorl is broken back of the aperture. Dimensions.—Length, 8 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm. (holo- type). Holotype-—No. R 123, USNM. The label reads, “Eulima falcata R 123 USNM Acapulco Rowell off oysters.” Distribution.—Acapulco, state of Guerrero, west Mexico (type). Eulima fuscostrigata Carpenter Pl. 65, fig. 8 Eulima fuscostrigata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105; 1864b, p. 47, Reprint, 1872, p. 219. Strombiformis fuscostrigata (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1917, p. 343, pl. 46, fig. 1. Original description — E. testa minore, gracillima, albida, striga latiore rufo-fusca supra peripheriam ornata; basi quoque rufo-fusca, valde prolongata, regu- lariter excurvata; anfr. nucl. 1i., tumidioribus; norm, viil., planatis, suturis haud conspicuis; varicibus nullis; apertura valde elongata; labro vix sinuato; labio vix calloso. Long. -17, long. spir. -12, lat. -05 poll., div. 20°. The original glass plate with the Carpenter label “type Leiostraca fuscostrigata Cpr. C.S.L.” is with the holotype. The hole in the surface of the shell is the area where the shell was glued to the original glass. The surface is worn with distinct sutures. A light brownish band occurs just above the suture. Outer lip is fairly sharp. Dimensions. — Length, 5 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.5 mm. (holotype). Holotype.—No. 4105, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Cythnia asteriaphila Carpenter Cythnia asteriaphila Carpenter, 1864a, p. 478, Reprint, 1872, p. 218; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104 as Cythna. - Stylifer (Cythnia) asteriaphila Carpenter, Tryon, 1886, p. 293; Palmer, 1958, p. 197, pl. 19, figs. 5, 5a holotype. Original description. — C. testa C. tumenti simillima, sed umbilico minore, haud carinato, tenuissima, diaphana; anfr. iv., tumidis; vert. nucl. normali, haud stylineo, apice mamillato: operculo tenuissimo, elementis concentricis, nucleo submediano sinistrorsum sito. Long. -03, long. spir. -015, lat. -025 poll., div. 60°. A solitary specimen was found by Dr. Stimpson, imbedded in a star- fish, like Stylina; from which genus the vertex and operculum distin- guish it. The type material consists of the holotype which is on the orig- 33] CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘[LyPrES: PALMER inal Carpenter mount with the label “Type Cythnia asteriaphila Cpr. C.S.L.”” A printed label in addition reads, “J. Xantus.” The holotype was figured by Palmer, 1958 and is not repeated here. The species is the type species of Cythnia Carpenter, 1864a. Dimensions. — Length, 1 mm.; greatest diameter, .75 mm. (holotype). Holotype.No. 13746 USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Epitonium cumingii (Carpenter) IAL (ore, si, Scalaria Cumingit Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165; 1857c, pp. 284, 336; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 10; coe p. 613, Reprint, 1872, p. 99 2? Cumingit S. Diego, p. 660, Reprint, 1872, p. 146 ? Cumingii between San Diego and San Pedro. Epitonium cumingit (Coagaaice), M. Smith, 1944, p. 7. Epitonium (s.l.) cumingit (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 276. Original description.—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165. 21. SCALARIA CUMINGI, ns. §. testa “S. mifreeformi” simili, sed paullum graciliore; anfr. x. quarum iii. primi leves; costis paucioribus, Viil.-ix., minus coronatis, haud acutissimis, haud reflexis, striulis incre- menti minutissime sculptis; anfr. valde separatis. Long. -35, long. spir. -25, lat. -14, div. 30°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. The lines of growth on the varices show that the coronations were never so sharp and elevated as in S. mitreformis. Holotype.—Reg. No. 1950.3.31.1 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Epitonium (Nitidiscala) hindsii (Carpenter) Pl. 67, figs. 3-6 Scalaria Hindsi Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165; 1857c, pp. 284, 336; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 10; 1864b, p. 538, Reprint, 1872, p. 24; Tyron, 1887, p. 84. Epitonium (WNitidiscala) hindsi (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 274. Original description.—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165. 22. ScALARIA HInpsil, n.s. S. testa “S. Cumingit” simili, sed magis elongata, mayjore, anfr. x. haud profunde separatis; varicibus acutis Vili., acutius coronatis, lineis regularibus, ad marginem alteram spire parallelis, ascendentibus. Long. 1:04, long. spir. -79, lat. -4, div. 25 Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming*. * The above species are published with doubt, as Scalarie are sel- dom seen in sufficient numbers to ascertain the limits of specific varia- tion. Species described from one or two specimens must always be regarded simply as “provisionally registered.” Syntypes.—Reg. No. 196521 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Epitonium (Foveoscala) refiexum (Carpenter) PIS 632 figs 5.56 Scalaria reflexa Carpenter, 1856a, p. 235; Carpenter, 1857c, pp. 288, 336; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 10. Epitonium (Hirtoscala) reflexum (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 272. 332 BULLETIN 211 Foveoscala reflexa (Carpenter), de Boury, 1909, p. 257 type species of Fow- eoscala. Original description—Carpenter, 1865a, p. 235. S. t. turrita, anfractibus x. valde disjunctis, levibus; varicibus in anfractu utroque v. magnis, valde prominentibus, ad marginem reflexis, supra in spira brevi semitubulari productis; lineis varicum subspirali- bus; vertice levi; apertura circulari, ad basin haud umbilicata. Long. -6, lat. (spinas includens) :21, long. spir. -45, poll.; div. 40°. Hab. San Blas, prope Sinum Californiensem; unicum legit—Donnell, R.N. Mus. Cuming. Most nearly allied to S. muitreformis, Sow., and remarkable for the large size of the varices, which are reflexed, and produced at the shoulder into a semitubular spout. The varical lines make about one revolution from the apex to the base. In the very young shell the varices are not shouldered, and are more numerous. Through the courtesy of Norman Tebble, Mollusca Section, British Museum (Natural History) the information and photo- graphs of the type of this species have been obtained. Dimensions.—Length, 16 mm. (holotype). Holotype.—Reg. No. 19621116, BM (NH). Distribution.—San Blas, Gulf of California (type). Epitonium regulare (Carpenter) Pl. 67, figs. 10, 11 Scalaria regularis Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164; 1857c, pp. 284, 336; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 10; 1865, p. 31, Reprint, 1872, p. 244 compared to Scalaria. .. . tincta Cerros Is. Epitonium (WNitidoscala) regulare (Carpenter), Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 120 Acapulco; Keen, 1958, p. 274. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164. 18. SCALARIA REGULARIS, ns. S. testa parva, turrita, alba; anfr. ix. parum attingentibus; costis x.-xii. validioribus, extantibus, lineis sub- spiralibus apicem versus continuis; striulis spiralibus subobsoletis ; umbilico nullo. Long. -27, long. spir. -19, lat. -13, div. 32°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. The ribs are stronger, more projecting, and the spiral sculpture fainter than in §S. Mindorensis. Holotype.—Reg. No. 1950. 4.18. 13/16 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Epitonium tiara (Carpenter) Pl. 67, figs. 7, 8 Scalaria tiara Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164; 1857c, pp. 284, 336; 1860d, p. 10; 1864b, p. 624, Reprint, 1872, p. 110. Epitonium (Nitidoscala) tiara (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 274; Palmer, 1958, p. 188. Original description.—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164. 19. SCALARIA TIARA, n.s. S. testa obesa, levi, albida; anfr. vii. parura attingentibus, rapide augentibus; costis xii. acutis, valde extantibus, infra suturam parum alatis, attingentibus, lineis rectis ad apicem con- tinuis; umbilico nullo. CARPENTER MOLLUSGAN ‘Types: PALMER oo O° O° Long. :27, long. spir. -16, lat. -16, div. 48°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Distinguished from S. obesa, Sow., by the small size of the corres- ponding whorls, slightly winged shoulders, and want of umbilicus. The synonymy, discussion, distribution, and type were given by Palmer in 1958. In 1963 the holotype of the species has been found by Norman Tebble, and a photograph of the shell has been furnished by the British Museum (Natural History). Holotype.—Reg. No. 196320 BM (NH). Distribution Panama (type ). Epitonium subnodosum (Carpenter) Scalaria subnodosa Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165; 1857c, pp. 284, 336; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 10. Epitonium (s.1.) subnodosum (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, pp. 276. Original description — q 20. SCALARIA SUBNODOSA, n.s. S. testa turrita, alba, gracili, levi, anfr. xli. haud separatis; costis xiv.-xvi. plerumque acutis, huc et illuc latis, subdeclivibus, superne vix alatis; umbilico nullo. Long. 1-4, long. spir. 1:06, lat. -5, div. 23°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Holotype.—Not found. Not BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Opalia (Dentiscala) crenatoides Carpenter Pl. 66, figs. 2, 3 Opalia crenatoides Carpenter, 1864a, p. 47, Reprint, 1872, p. 220; 1864b, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105; 1866b, p. 277 (not 1866h as in Palmer, 1958, p. 191) ; Keen, 1958, p. 278, fig. 156 after Baker, Hanna, and Strong; Palmer, 1958, p. 191. Epitonium (Dentiscala) crenatoides (Carpenter), Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1930b, p. 47, pl. 2, fig. 5; Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 120. Original description—Carpenter, 1864a, p. 47. O. testa turrita, alba, marginibus spire rectis; anfr. nucl. ?.. : norm. vi., compactis, attingentibus; costis radiantibus circ. x., in spira plerumque obsoletis, ultimo anfractu validioribus, latis, haud exstanti- bus, attingentibus, spiram lineis fere rectis ascendentibus; suturis inter costas altissime indentatis; carina obtusa basali, suture continua; inter costas radiantes undique, ut in suturis, indentata; costis interdum, prop- ter lirulas spirales subobsoletas, subnodosis; columella haud umbilicata ; basi antice levi. Long. -54, long. spir. -38, lat. -23 poll., div. 30°. Additional specimens may connect this with the Portuguese O. crenata. . 1 perfect and a few rubbed specimens. This, and the Santa Barbara fossil, O. ? var. insculpta, are so close to the Portuguese O. crenata, that additional specimens may connect them.—[Carpenter, 186+b, p. 619] The original material consists of the holotype which is badly worn with the apex eroded. The shell consists of seven whorls with 334 BULLETIN 21] nine longitudinal ribs on the body whorl. There is a strong basal cord and a thickened continuous lip. There are faint remnants of strong spiral ribs on the body whorl which are completely eroded on the whorls of the spire. ‘The ribs are deep pitted into the suture. Dimensions. — Length, 13.5 mm.; greatest diameter, 6 mm. (holotype). Holotype.——No. 15874, USNM. Original label reads, “Cape St. Lucas, J. Xantus.” Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Xantus Coll. Southern California to Nicaragua (Keen). Acirsa menesthoides Carpenter Pl. 63, figs. 7, 8 Acirsa Menesthoides Carpenter, 1864a, p. 478, Reprint, 1872, p. 217; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Keen, 1958, p. 276 with ? Original description — A. testa nitida, turrita, majore, solidiore pallide fusca; anfr. nucl. levibus; norm. vi., subplanatis, suturis distinctis; lineis crebris spi- ralibus insculpta, quarum circ. viii. in spira monstrantur; testa adolescente lirulis radiantibus obsoletis decussata; apertura subovali; columella solida, imperforata. Long. -42, long. spir. -3, lat. -16 pell., div. 2 Sia There is a specimen in the British Museum (Natural History), Reg. No.: 19621121, which Norman Tebble reports as a “possible paratype.” It is “attached to a blue card on which is printed ‘named from the type specimen in the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C.” In MS is added “Acirsa menesthoides Carpr . . . C. S. Lucas 6 oo fe OXBNOEUIS, ” If the holotype is never found the specimen named above could be selected as the neotype. The printed label with the speci- men which states that it was named from the type is one of hundreds which were distributed by the Smithsonian Institution from Car- penter’s identification. It is not so meaningful as it appears. Holotype.—Unknown. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Littorina dubiosa penicillata Carpenter Pl S61 hig 7. Litorina [sic] (Philippi, var.) penicillata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 477, Reprint, 1872, p. 216; 1864b, pp. 618, 623, Reprint, 1872, pp. 104, 109. Littorina aspera Phil. var. penicillata Carpenter, Tryon, 1887, p. 250, pl. 44, fig. 85. Littorina philippi penicillata Carpenter, von Martens, 1901, p. 584, pl. 43, fig. 14. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘LypPrEs: PALMER 335 Littorina penicillata Carpenter, Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 124. Littorina dubiosa penicillata (Carpenter), Keen, 195%, p. 282, fig. 175a from Von Martens, 1901. Original description — L. Ph. testa parva, lineis radiantibus, variantibus, delicatulis, rarius ziczacformibus, et cingulis duobus spiralibus, quorum unum in spira monstratur, elegantissime penicillata. Long. -33, long. spir. -14, lat. ‘2 poll., div. 50°, Closely resembling the West-Indian L. ziczac, var. lineata, D’Orb. Intermediate specimens, however, clearly connect it with the common Mazatlan form. The original material consists of three specimens in the U. S. National Museum. The apical whorls are worn and dark brown. ‘There are microscopic widely spaced spiral lines over the remainder of the whorls except on the base of the body whorl. There is a dark blue band at the suture or just above. There are brownish or bluish longitudinal curved stripes over thé whorls and on the base. The callus and inside of the aperture are brown. Margin of the columella is concave and ridged at the back. ‘The brown or bluish band at the midline of the body whorl is prominent. Dimensions.—Syntypes, length, 10 mm.; greatest diameter, 5.25 mm. (largest, Plate 61, figure 7). Syntypes.—No. 4058, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Magdalena Bay, Lower California into Gulf of California (Keen). Littorina pullata Carpenter Pl. 61, fig. 6 Litorina [sic] pullata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 477, Reprint, 1872, p. 216; 1864b, pp. 546, 618, Reprint, 1872, pp. 32, 104; Keen, 1958, p. 282, fig. 177. Littorina (Melarhaphe) scutulata pullata Carpenter, Palmer, 1958, p. 159 see for synonymy. Original description. — L. testa parva, solidiore, luctuosa; spira satis exserta; nigrescente, seu livido-fusco tincta, lineis spiralibus exilissimis pallidioribus ornata; interdum obscure tessellata; anfr. v., subplanatis, suturis parum im- pressis; sublevi, striolis spiralibus tenuiter insculpta; columella intus incrassata; pariete haud excavato. Long. -4, long. spir. -18, lat. -29 poll., div. 60°. = Litorina, sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 399, p. 350. The original material consists of three specimens in the U.S. National Museum labelled “type 4059 C.S.L.”. The specimens were fresh with the apical whorls worn. The suture is distinct. The shell is dark and light brown. There are fine spiral lines 336 BULLETIN 211 which under the lens appear as grooved lines. There are darker spiral bands and lines with more prominent light ones on the middle of the body whorl. The outer lip is moderately sharp. Dimensions.—Syntypes, length, 12 mm.; greatest diameter, 8 mm.; 12 mm., 8 mm.; 12 mm, 8.5 mm., respectively. Syntypes-—No. 12661 (4059), USNM. DistributionCape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). S. Lower California to Panama (Keen). Pyrgula quadricostata Carpenter Pyrgula quadricostata Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162; 1857b, pp. 284, 326; Carpen- ter, 1860d, p. 7. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162. 9. PYRGULA QUADRICOSTATA, n. s. P. testa ovali, alba, spira haud acumin- ata, marginibus excurvatis; carinis iv. acutis cincta, quarum ii. in spira extant, tertia vix supra suturam impressam apparet, quarta circa basin; aperturam versus, costulis incrementi decussata; apertura lata; labro tenut a plica quarta parietali interrupta. Long. -28, long. spir. -16, lat. -15, div. 40°. Hab. In? flumina Sinus Panamensis; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cum- ing. This pretty little shell is the Pacific analogue of the Swiss species for which the genus was constituted; differing, however, in form and number of keels. The specimen has been tenanted by a hermit crab, and has Bryozoa near the mouth. Holotype—Not found. Not BM (NB). Distribution.—Panama (type). Hyala rotundata Carpenter Hyala rotundata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 478, Reprint, 1872, p. 217; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Original description.— II. testa (quoad genus) magna, tenui, alba, diaphana; anfr. nucl. nor- malibus, apice mamillato; norm. iv., globosis, rapide augentibus, suturis valde impressis; basi rotundata; apertura subrotundata, ad su- turam subangulata; peritremate continuo; labio a pariete separato, rimulam umbilicalem formante; columella valde arcuata. Long. -18, long. spir. -09, lat. -1 poll., div. 40° A unique shell, resembling a marine Bithinia. Holotype—Unknown. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Alvania albolirata (Carpenter) Pl. 61, fig. 3 Rissoa albolirata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 477, Reprint, 1872, p. 216; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Tryon, 1887, p. 350. Alvania albolirata (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911d, pp. 333, 334, 338, pl. 29, fig. 6; Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1930a, p. 28. Ss SX ~I CARPENTER MOLLUSGCAN JTyprs: PALMER Original description.— RK. testa parva, alba, crystallina, normali; marginibus spire undatis; anfr. nucl. iii., levibus, mamillatis; norm. iv., medio subconvexis, postice supra suturas planatis; basi subplanata, effusa, haud wumblicata; lirulis spiralibus crebris, obtusis, quarum circ. x. in spira monstrantur ; apertura subovata, peritremate continuo; labro arcuato, vix antice et postice sinuato calloso; labio valido. Long, ‘1, long. spir. “08, lat, ~04 poll., div. 250. The original material consists of one specimen in the U.S. National Museum with the original Carpenter glass mount labelled “Type Rissoa albolirata Cpr. 16, 216 C.S.L.” The shell is white and almost transparent. There are six whorls, the apical ones are mammillate and smooth. The sutures are distinct. The surface of the whorls has microscopic, regular, spiral ribs with fine interspaces. The labrum is thickened. The callus is narrow. Dimensions.—Holotype, length, 3 mm greatest diameter, 1 mm. Holotype.—No. 16216, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Alvania electrina (Carpenter) JA Gale ihe, ? Diala electrina Carpenter, 1864a, p. 478, Reprint, 1872, p. 217; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Alvania electrina (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1911d, pp. 333, 335, 346, pl. 30, fig. 4 type; Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1930a, p. 29. Original description.— ?D. testa subdiaphana, rufo-cornea, nitida; marginibus spire parum excurvatis; vertice nucleoso, helicoideo; anfr. iii., tumidis, suturis haud impressis, apice magno mamillato; anfr. norm. ui., subplanatis, suturis distinctis; sculptura haud expressa; tota superficie costulis obscuris, latis, spiralibus, quarum vi.—vill. in spira monstrantur, et iliiv. circa basim rotundatam, interdum obsoletis, cincta; costulis radiantibus circ. xviil., subobsoletis; apertura regulariter ovata, ad suturam angulata, peritremate continuo; basi haud umbilicata; columel- la regulariter arcuata. Long. -09, long. spir. -07, lat. -03 poll., div. 30°. The original material consists of one specimen in the U.S. National Museum with original Carpenter glass mount labelled “Type Diala electrina Cpr. C S L”. The holotype is glassy transparent of a light brown color. The first three whorls are smooth and mammillate. The remainder of the whorls have wide spiral ribs with fine interspaces. On the penultimate whorl the spirals are crossed by microscopic longi- tudinal ribs which give a slight undulate appearance. 338 BULLETIN 211 Dimensions.—Length, 2.5 mm.; greatest diameter, 1 mm. (holotype). Holotype.—No. 16217, USNM. (Bartsch, 1911f, page 347 gave the number as 12,217). Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Barleeia haliotiphila Carpenter Barleeia haliotiphila Carpenter, 1864b, p. 656, Reprint, 1872, p. 142; 1865g, p. 144, Reprint, 1872, p. 312; Bartsch, 1920, p. 172, pl. 13, fig. 1 type; Palmer, 1958, p. 164 see for synonymy, original description, and notes. Holotype.—No. 15558, USNM. Distribution—Recent, Lower California on Haliotis (type). Mendocino County, California, to Lower California (Dall). Pleisto- cene (Woodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946). Barleeia subtenuis Carpenter Pl. 66, fig. 9 Hydrobia ulvae Carpenter, 1857, p. 361. Barleeia subtenuis Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 546, 623, 656, 669, Reprint, 1872, pp. 32, 109, 142, 155; 1865, p. 143, Reprint, 1872, p. 311; Palmer, 1958, p. 165, pl. 20, fig. 1-3 see for synonymy, original description, and dis- cussion. In addition to the notes in Palmer, 1958 (p. 165) the specimen figured herein, examined in 1961, has a label “San Diego in the catalogue 15564b is marked type then reentered as 15570” [JPEM]. A pencilled label reads, “San Diego not San Pedro.” This specimen has five whorls, apical whorls worn. The shell is smooth. The sutures are distinct. The interior of the aperture is a light orange. This specimen could be added to the three (USNM, No. 32363) specimens previously figured (1958) from which a neotype would be properly selected. ‘The type locality would be San Diego. Apparently the Cape St. Lucas specimen, which Carpenter men- tioned, is lost. Dimensions.—Length, 2.75 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.25 + mm. Specimen figured.—No. 15564b (15570), USNM. Distribution.—San Diego, California (type locality if negrype is so selected). Assiminea compacta (Carpenter) Pl. 65, fig. 3 ? Hydrobia compacta Carpenter, 1864a, p. 618; Reprint, 1872, p. 104; 1864b, p. 478, Reprint, 1872, p. 217. Syncera compacta (Carpenter), Bartsch, 1920, p. 166, pl. 12, fig. 4 type. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN [yPES: PALMER 339 Original description. — ?H. testa levi, curta, compacta, latiore; marginibus spire vix ex- curvatis; anfr. nucl. normalibus, apice mamillato; norm. iv., tumidis, suturis distinctis; spira curtiore; basi rotundata; apertura subovata; peritremate continuo; labio definito. Long. -04, long. spir. -02, lat. -03 pol., div. 70°. ‘Diaajwg & aq Aew [[ays anbrun sryq, The original Carpenter glass mount is with the holotype. It is marked “Type ? Hydrobia compacta Cpr CSL”. The shell is worn with about four whorls, smooth; sutures distinct; callus thick. Holotype.—No. 16209, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Serpulorbis (Serpulorbis) squamigerus (Carpenter) Aletes squamigerus Carpenter, 1856f, p. 226; 1857c, pp. 200, 233, 324, 349; 1857, pp. 303, 304; 1860, p. 4; M. Smith, 1944, p. 13, figs. 143, 146, 147; Palmer, 1958, p. 173; Keen, 1961, p. 188. Thylacodes squamigera (Carpenter), 1864b, p. 577, Reprint, 1872, p. 43. Serpulorbis squamigera (Carpenter), 1864b, pp. 557, 654, Reprint, 1872, pp. 43, 140; Tomlin, 1927, p. 168. Serpulorbis (Serpulorbis) squamigerus (Carpenter), Keen, 1961, p. 203, pl. 55, fig. 5. See Palmer, 1958, for synonymy and notes. By a printer’s error the heading Aletes in Palmer, 1958, was misplaced. It obviously belongs on page 173 preceding Aletes squwamigerus. Also on page 172, lines 9-14 beginning “The holotype . . .” belong to Pelatocon- chus compactus (Carpenter) and should follow the discussion on page 173. In 1950 the late Guy L. Wilkins in searching in the British Museum (Natural History) for the type of A. squamigerus Carpen- ter reported that it was not found. Since that time during the re- searches on the Vermetidae by Dr. Keen, the type material has been recovered (see Keen, 1961, p. 203), and an illustration is included in Keen. Syntypes—BM (NH) Reg. No. 55.3.14.57 (Nuttall Coll.) [teste S. P. Dance, 1959]—Keen, 1961. Distribution—Santa Barbara, California (type). See Palmer, Wb Sa palio: ween, 19615 p. 18s: Litiopa divisa Carpenter Litiopa divisa Carpenter, 1856a, p. 234; 1857c, pp. 288, 350. Original description — L. t. parva, anfractibus ix., quarum vi. primi subturriti, liris trans- 340 BULLETIN 21] versis striisque spiralibus decussati, ultimique tres subleves sunt, tumi- diores, striulis plus minusve appressis, spiralibus, maxime ad basin, tenuissime ornata; nonnunquam linea suturam impressam subcunte; subdiaphana, fusca; labro acuto; labio vix monstrante; columella trun- cata, infra maxime undata. Long. -13, lat. -06, long. spir. -07, poll.; div. 30°. Hab. Cape San Francisco: legit clar. Hinds. Mus. Cuming. This is the only species hitherto recorded from the west coast of N. America; the ? L. saxicola of C. B. Ad. not belonging to the genus. Exactly the same species was taken in abundance “among small drifted canes, Straits of Sunda,’ Mus. Archer. It is remarkable for the different character of the first six and the last three whorls; the decussated por- tion suddenly becoming smooth, the joining whorl being often irregular in growth. There is some doubt concerning the locality of this form. Originally indicated as from “Cape San Francisco” and thought to be from California. But later Carpenter (1857c) doubted the authenticity of the distribution and qualified the location to, “Probably in Ecuador; not in Upper California, as supposed when described” (p. 288) and “For the Litiopa divisa, an East Indian pelagic shell said to have been found on “Cape San Francisco,” a locality of the same occurs near the Bay of Guayaquil’ (p. 350). Bittium nitens Carpenter Pl. 65, fig. 6 Bittium nitens Carpenter, 1864a, p. 479, Reprint, 1872, p. 218; 1864b, p. 618 Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Bartsch, 1911c, pp. 383, 384, 400, pl. 57, fig. 2 Semibittium. Original description — B. testa regulari, rufo-fusca, hic et illic pallida, maxime nitente; anfr. nucl. iii., levibus, tumidis, apice submamillato, subdeclivi; norm. vi., tumidis suturis impressis; costis radiantibus circ. xiv., haud con- tiguis, angustis, interstitiis undatis; costulis rotundatis, spiralibus, in spira iv., quarum postica multo minor, supercurrentibus, ad inter- sectiones subnodosis; costulis circa basim subrotundatam iv., haud de- cussatis; apertura subquadrata; columella haud truncata, obtuse angu- lata; labro acuto, a costulis indentato; labio inconspicuo. Long. -21, long. spir. -16, lat. -06 poll., div. 20°. The holotype consists of eight whorls with the nuclear whorls missing. Early whorls are worn. There are no spiral ribs on the upper whorls but on the middle whorls spirals and longitudinal ribs cross forming a nodose condition. There are about 14 longi- tudinal ribs over the shell, but there are revolving ribs only on the base. ‘The aperture is quadrate. The labrum is thin, costate. The labium is short with the callus turned backward. Dimensions.—Length, 5.75 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm. (holotype). CARPENTER MOLLUSGAN Typrs: PALMER 34] Holotype.—No., 4068, USNM. Original Carpenter glass mount is with the holotype with label, “Type Bittium nitens, Cpr. C.S.L.” Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Eumeta intercalaris (Carpenter) Cerithiopsis intercalaris Carpenter, 1865d, p. 281, Reprint, 1872, p. 274. Eumeta intercalaris (Carpenter), Bartsch, 191la, p. 565, fig. 1 type; Bartsch, 1911b, p. 327. Original description — C. t valde elongata, rufo-fusca, marginibus spire rectis, suturi, im- pressis; anfr. nucl, iti. +? ... (decollatis), radiatim distanter liratis; norm. x. planatis; costis radiantibus primum xii., dein circ. xxii., an- gustis, haud extantibus, ad peripherian continuis, interstitiis quadratis ; carinis spiralibus primum ii. nodulosis, dein alteris ii. minoribus inter eas intercalantibus; carina postica suturali haud nodulosa, secunda valde nodulosa, tertia intercalante equante sed haud nodosa, quarta antica valde nodosa, quinta circa peripheriam, prime et tertie simili, haud nodosa, altcraque contigua, minima, inter quas sutura gyrat; basi concava, levi; columella valde contorta; canali brevi, aperto; labro? .. ° Hab. Guacomayo. This beautiful species comes nearest to C. bimarginata, C. B. Ad., of which, indeed, the type does not agree with the diagnosis so well as does this specimen. It differs in having other spiral ribs intercalat- ing between the two principal ones, and in the radiating sculpture being continued to the periphery. One specimen only was found in the shell-washings, not perfect at the mouth. Bartsch’s figure is probably of the holotype. My measurements of the type are slightly less than those given by Bartsch. Bartsch did not state in the text (191la, p. 566) that the drawing is of the type. The specimen 15342 USNM has note “‘fig’d.” The original material consists of one specimen, the holotype, in the USNM, labelled “Type Guacomayo Mexico.” The specimen consists of nine whorls with the apex eroded. Each whorl has two nodose spiral ribs with wide interspaces. The suture is deep. The aperture is quadrate with a slight callus and one stout plication. Dimensions.—Holotype, length, 5 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.5 mm. Holotype.—No. 15342, USNM. Distribution —Guacomayo, western Guatemala (type). Fenella crystallina Carpenter RIGS ieee Fenella crystallina Carpenter, 1864a, p. 477, Reprint, 1872, p. 217; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Original description.— F. testa alba, subdiaphana, turrita, rudiore; marginibus spire rectis, parum divergentibus; anfr. nucl. ?. . . (decollatis); norm. v., valde 342 BULLETIN 21] rotundatis, suturis impressis; costis radiantibus circ. xvi., valde rotundatis, haud extantibus, interstitiis latis; striis spiralibus regulari- bus, in anfr. penult. xvi.; apertura rotundata; basi rotundata; peritremate continuo; labro extus varicoso; labio calloso. Long. -14, long. spir. -11, lat. -05 poll., div. 20°. The holotype consists of five whorls. The nuclear whorls are missing. The shell is white and worn. There is an intimation of longitudinal lines. ‘These are noted by the remnants, such as the pitted spots at the sutures, where the ribs had met. These present a frilled line at the suture. Microscopic spiral lines are apparent. The whorls are rounded; they could have been angular. Dimensions.—Length, 4 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm. (holo- type). Holotype—No. 15888, USNM. Label “Type Cape St. Lucas Xantus.” Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Fossarus parcipictus Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 4, 5 Fossarus parcipictus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 476, Reprint, 1872, p. 216; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Original description.— F, testa parva, solidiore, spira plus minusve elevata; albida, rufo- fusco varie maculata; carinulis spiralibus acutioribus, quarum circ. vi. majores, striolisque crebris cincta; anfr. ultimo tumidiore; Jabro acuto, haud intus incrassato; umbilico satis magno, ad marginem cari- nato; operculo normali. Long. -24, long. spir. -06, lat. -2 poll., div. 90°. The few specimens found are very variable in outline. The type material in the U. S. National Museum consists of two specimens. The smaller of the two is the better preserved specimen and is figured herein. It is selected as the lectotype. Dimensions.—Lectotype (herein designated), Length, 4+ mm., greatest diameter, 4—mm. Lectotype and paratype.—No. 4060, USNM. Distributton.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Fossarus parcipictus Carpenter Pl. 65, figs. 4, 5 Fossarus purus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 477, Reprint, 1872, p. 216; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Original description — F. testa F. angulato simili, sed alba, subdiaphana; anfr. nucl. 1i., fuscis, ut in F. tuberoso cancellatis; norm. ii. et dimidio, altis, valde tumenti- bus, carinatis; carinis iv., validissimis, acutissimis, quarum li. in spira monstrantur; carinulis aliis antice et postice plus minusve CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN Types: PALMER 343, expressis; tota superficie minute spiraliter striata; carinularum basa- lium interstitiis subobsolete decussatis; apertura late semilunata; labro a carinis valde indentato; labio recto, angusto; umbilico magno, carinato; operculo fusco, valde paucispirali, minutissime ruguloso, nu- cleo antico. Lon. -08, long. spir. -03, lat. -08 poll., div. 90°. The holotype has two, brown, tiny, apical whorls. The re- mainder of the shell is white. There are two, strong, revolving ribs on the nucleus and penultimate whorl. ‘The body whorl is enlarged with four, strong, widely spaced, revolving ribs with microscopic cross lines between the ribs. The umbilicus is wide. Anatomy is dried within the shell. Dimensions.—Length, 1.2 + mm.; greatest diameter, 1.5 + (holotype). Holotype——No. 16210, USNM. Holotype is on the original Carpenter glass mount with label ‘Type Fossarus purus Cpr. C.S.L.” Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus)*(type). Vanikoro aperta (Carpenter) Pl. 66, fig. 1 Narica aperta Carpenter, 1864a, p. 476, Reprint, 1872, p. 215; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Vanikoro aperta (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, p. 34; Hertlein and Strong, 1951, p. 110 footnote; Keen, 1958, p. 310, fig. 230. Original description — N. testa parva, inflata, tenui, alba; anfr. nucl. ? . + norm. rapide augentibus, lirulis crebris spiralibus, in spira hic et illic majoribus, a striolis creberrimis radiantibus minutissime decussatis; suturis valde impressis; apertura subcirculari; umbilico maximo, carinato, anfractus intus monstrante. Long. -28, long. spir. -08, lat. -3 poll., div. TNO: The original material consists of the holotype. The specimen is white. The nucleus is worn. The large body whorl has the surface covered with coarse spiral ribs. The longitudinal ribs are crossed by the spirals on the whorls of the spire which are worn thus giving a punctate appearance particularly just above the spire. The aperture is large with an elongate carinate umbilicus. Holotype.—No. 15897, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Cf.Vanikoro insculpta (Carpenter) Narica insculpta Carpenter, 1865d, p. 280, Reprint, 1872, p. 273. Vanikoro insculpta (Carpenter), Burch, 1946, p. 34. Original description. — . t. “N. aperte szmili, sed magis compacta; paullum angustiore, umbilico tamen majore; lineis spiralibus circ. xxvi. distantibus insculptis 544 BULLETIN 21] cincta, quarum x. in anfr. penult. monstrantur; postice lineis incrementi VIX CONSPICUIS. Long. -3, long. spir. -08, lat. -28; div. 100°. Hab. Acapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell. The Cape St. Lucas species (wide Ann. Nat. Hist. 1864, xiii. p. 476) has the sculpture in irregularly raised lirule, while this has minute grooves chiselled out of a smooth surface. It appears that the San Fran- ciscans import the huge tropical oysters in large quantities, their own species having the coppery flavour which Americans dislike in the British species. From the outside of the valves, Mr. Rowell obtained this and many other interesting species. Carpenter distinguished this species from his Narica aperta described from Cape St. Lucas. The type of the Acapulco form has not been found. Carpenter's statement in the introduction to the article in which the species was described indicated that the type was originally in the Smithsonian Institution (USNM). Type.—Not found. Distribution.—Acapulco, State of Guerrero, west Mexico (type). Calyptraea subreflexa (Carpenter) Pl 63, figsels 2 Galerus subreflesus Carpenter, 1856a, p. 233; 1857b, pp. 288, 323; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 10; 1864b, p. 566, Reprint, 1872, p. 52. Trochita subreflexa Carpenter MS., Reeve, 1859, pl. II, fig. 7. Calyptraea subreflexa (Carpenter), Tryon, 1886, p. 120, pl. 34, figs. 58, 59 copy Reeve; Keen, 1958, p. 311, fig. 234. Original description.—Carpenter, 1856a, p. 233. G. t. irregulari, conica, rufo-fusca, radiatim tenui-striata; striis acu- leatis; sutura impressa; vertice involuto, apice depresso; lamina in- terna apicem versus ad duas trientes reflexa, umbilicum magnum mon- strante, margine dilatata, haud angulata. Lat. -75, alt. -4, poll. Hab. In Sinu Californiensi. Mus. Cuming. Differs from G. striatus, Brod. (which must not be confounded with Dispotea striata, Say), in its much more delicate, irregular, finely spinous strie; and in the form of the internal Jamine, which in this species is reflected back over two-thirds, in G. striata over the whole, forming a much larger umbilical region. The vertex of this shell is rather prominent, and is formed like a tumid Planorbis, with a sunken apex. The following notes in regard to the specimen in the British Museum (Natural History) were furnished by Norman Tebble of the Mollusca Section: The specimen photographed may be a paratype of this species. It was removed from a Mus. Cuming tablet bearing the original label saying “Subreflexus Carpr.”, and “Gulf of California”, the type lo- cality. Its dimensions do not correspond with those of the holotype as given by Carpenter (P.Z.S. 23:233), nor is it the specimen figured by Reeve, 1859 (Conch. Icon, 11, Trochita, species 7, Pl. 2, figs. 7a, b). Two other specimens found in the same box, and possibly formerly CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN Typrs: PALMER 345 attached to the same tablet (which originally bore 3 specimens), simi- larly do not correspond with Carpenter’s measurements nor Reeve’s figure, and appear to belong to another species. Dimensions.—Holotype, see original description. Possible paratype.—Reg. No.: 19621122, BM (NH). Distribution.—Gulf of California (type). Natica excavata Carpenter Pion ties lcnele =Natica (Stigmaulax) elenae Recluz, 1844 Natica excavata Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165; 1857c, pp. 282, 336; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 11; 1864b, p. 554, Reprint, 1872, p. 40 variety of N. Elenac Recluz; Stearns, 1894, p. 195; Keen, 1958, p. 321, fig. 264 synonym of Natica (Stig- maulax) elenae Recluz, 1844, p. 205. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165. 23. NATICA EXCAVATA, n. s. N. testa “N. Broderipiane” simili; sed cal- lositate parictali maxime elongata; regione spirali umbilicari valde ex- cavata; albida, rufo-castanea lineis irregularibus radiantibus penicil- lata; striulis radiantibus crebrioribus. Long. 1-45, long. spir. -3, lat. 1-5, div. 130°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. 2 sp. in Mus. Cuming.— S. W. Mexico, P.P.C. This shell resembles N. Jineata (Philippines) in colouring; but that shell is smooth, while the Panama shell has distinct, though not deep, radiating furrows, ending in a circum-umbilical line. Holotype.—Reg. No. 196322 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). S. W. Mexico. Erato ? maugeriae panamensis Carpenter Erato ? Maugeriae var. Panamensis Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162; 1857c, p. 284. Erato panamensis Carpenter, Keen, 1958, p. 331 maybe synonym of Erato (Hespererata) marginata Morch, 1861, p. 85. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162. 10. Erato ? MAUGERIAE, var. PANAMENSIS. E. testa “E. Maugerie”’ simillima, sed majore, vix graciliore, apice minore, spira plerumque extantiore. Long. -28, long. spir. -03, lat. -18, div. 130°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. The differences are so very trifling between the specimens examined from the Pacific and West Indies as not to justify (without further knowledge) a specific separation. They do not appear constant in either type. The first whorl in the Pacific shells is somewhat smaller, while the shell is larger. Holotype.—Not found. Not in BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Muricopsis squamulata (Carpenter) Muricidea dubia var. squamulata Carpenter, 1865d, p. 281, Reprint, 1872, p. 274; Hertlein and Strong, 1951, p. 86 footnote. Muricopsis squamulata (Carpenter), Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 119; Dur- ham, 1950, p. 111. 346 BULLETIN 21] Muricidea dubius squamulata Carpenter, M. Smith, 1939, p. 11. Muricidea squamulata Carpenter, Keen, 1958, p. 362 under Muricopsis arma- tus (A. Adams, 1854) as Murex armatus A. Adams, 1854, p. 71. Original description.— Variat t. omnino albida; sculptura tenuiore; spira elevata; tota super- ficite minute squamulata, squamulis imbricatis. Hab. Cape St. Lucas (Xantus). The opercula in the beautiful specimens sent by Mr. Pease are typi- cally Muricoid. The essential features are those of M. dubia; the pale colour and delicate sculpture and imbrication may arise from a deep- water station, as is seen in similar European shells. Mr. Cuming, however, regards it as distinct. Holotype—Unknown. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Coralliophila (Coralliophila) muricatus (Hinds) Trophon muricatus Hinds, 1844, p. 14; M. Smith, 1944, p. 26, fig. 293 as Coralliophila. Trophon Hindsii Carpenter, 1857b, pp. 205, 343, new name for JT. muricatus Hinds, 1844, p. 14, not Murex muricatus Montagu, 1803, p. 252. Latiaxis Hindsti (Carpenter), Tomlin, 1935, p. 182. Coralliophila (Coralliophila) hindsi (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 368, fig. 388 copy Hinds, 1844-45. Carpenter renamed Hinds’ Trophon muricatus because he thought the name was preoccupied by Murex muricatus Montagu, 1803 (page 262) which Carpenter put in Trophon. Because Monta- gu did not use Trophon muricatus the name of Montagu and Hinds are not homonyms. Hinds’ name may stand in the new combination of Coralliophila. Both names, that of Hinds and of Montagu, are used in literature. The species occurs in the Gulf of California and Panama. Genus Tritonialia Fleming, 1928 Tritonalia Fleming, 1828, pp. 346, 356 Corrigenda Ocenebra Leach in Gray, 1847, p. 269. Type species by subse- quent designation, Murex erinaceous Linn., Gray, 1847, p. 133. Recent. Europe. In 1958 I used Ocenebra Leach in Gray, following Winck- worth (1934, p. 14) reasoning that Fleming’s substitute name (1828) of Tritonalia was for Triton Montfort, 1810. On careful examination of Fleming one finds that Fleming did not indicate the author of Triton nor include M. tritonis (type of Triton Montfort, 1810) in his list of species of Tritonalia. He used the substitute name Tritonalia because Triton was used on his page 157 for a batrachian. Fleming used T. erimaceus (Linn.) and in- cluded as secondary eight fossil species. None of which belongs to CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyPEsS: PALMER Triton Montfort. M. erinaceous Linn. was selected by Gray, 1847 as type species. The genus belongs in the Muricidae and not Cymatiidae (Triton = Charonia). Tritonalia poulsoni (Carpenter) Buccinum Poulsoni “Nutt. M.S.” Carpenter, 1857, p. 227. Ocinebra [sic] Poulsoni Nuttall, Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 537, 663, 665 Cerros Island, Dr. Ayres and Veitsch [sic], Reprint, 1872, pp. 23, 149, 151; 1865g, p. 148, Reprint, 1872, p. 316. Ocenebra poulsoni Carpenter, Palmer, 1958, p. 205, pl. 26, fig. 8 see for synonymy, original notes, illustration, and notes. Original description Carpenter, 1865g, p. 148. O. t. turrita, solida, luteo-albida, rufo-sanguineo spiraliter lineata; vertice nucleoso parvo, levi, parum tumente: t. juniore rhomboidea, haud varicosa, spira planata, peripheria subangulata, canali recta, lon- giore, labro intus dentato, labio distincto, subcalloso: t. adulta, anfr. 7, primis planatis, posticis tumidis; suturis planatis, sed area postica concava; costis subvaricosis crebris, tumentibus, irregularibus, anfractu ultimo 7, circiter quinquies subnodosis,; tota superficie spiraliter crebre insculpta; sulcis punctatis, rufo-sanguineis; apertura ovali; labro acu- tiore, dorsaliter tumido, varicoso, intus dentibus validis circiter 6 munito; labio solido, sub suturam dente valido parietali munito, super columellam calloso,; canali breviore, aperto—Long. 1-85, long. spir. -96, lat. -93, poll.: div. 38°. Hab. San Diego, Nuttall—Cerros Is., Veatch—Santa Barbara, Jewett Je n’ai vu que trois individus de cette belle espéce: l’un d’eux, qui est typique, porte le nom de “Buccinum Poulsont”’ dans la collection Nuttall qui fait partie du Musée britannique: un second, trés-jeune, et d’un aspect fort particulier, bien quwil appartienne évidemment a la méme espece a été recueilli par le colonel Jewett, probablement 4 Santa Barbara (mais, d’aprés son étiquette, 4 Panama): enfin celui du docteur Veatch provient de la basse Californie, et il est en trés-mauvais état. Le premier a été dessiné sur bois pour l’institution Smithsonienne par M. Sowerby. Comme cette espéce intéressante est presque inconnue en France, j’ai cru devoir en donner une description sutfisamment précise. P. P The type locality of this species is San Diego, California. Car- penter reported the species from Cerros Is. though in a bad state of preservation. Whether the range of the species does extend in the southern area remains to be confirmed. Type.—British Museum (Natural History), BM 61.5.18.22. Distribution.—Recent. San Diego, California (type); Santa Barbara, California, to Magadalena Bay, Lower California, (Dall). Pleistocene. California (see Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 712); Mexico (Hertlein, 1934). Sistrum (? ochrostoma, var.) rufonotatum Carpenter Sistrum (? ochrostoma var.) rufonotatum Carpenter, 1864a, p. 48, Reprint, 1872, p. 220; 1864b, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105; Pease, 1868, p. 116 548 BULLETIN 211 under Sistrum ochrostoma Blainville; Tyron, 1883, p. 191 under Engina pulchra (Reeve) [1864], note by Pease, 1868, p. 116 repeated. ? Sistrum rufonotatum Carpenter, Keen, 1958, p. 376 synonym of Morula ferruginosa (Reeve, 1864). Original description. — S. testa S. ochrostomati simili, sed minore, augustiore, vix tabulata; alba, linea punctorum rufo-fuscorum subperipheriali, interdum lineis spiralibus, interdum ejusdem coloris maculis, ornata; vert. nucl. mamil- lato, anfr. iii., levibus, vix tumidis; norm. y., plus minusve elongatis, in medio nodoso-angulatis, postice planatis, suturis ad angulum valde obtusum conspicuis; seriebus nodulorum spiralibus iii., quarum postica major, secundum costas radiantes obsoletas circ. vi.-viil. ordinatis; seriebus anticis inconspicuis ii.; interdum costulis spiralibus intercalatis ; canali brevi, rectiore, aperto, angusto; apertura subovyali, vix sub- quadrata, intus pallide aurantiaca; labro acutiore, dorsaliter subvari- coso, postice sepe sinuato, intus obscure vi.-dentato; labio conspicuo, interdum exstante. Long. -5, long. spir. -23, lat. -32 poll., div. 60°. Variat testa obesa, nodulis validis. Variat quoque testa acuminata, nodulis subobsoletis. Long. -52, long. spir. -23, lat. -25 poll., div. 42°. Holotype.—Unknown. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Aesopus eurytoides (Carpenter) Truncaria eurytoides Carpenter, 1864a, pp. 47, 48, Reprint, 1872, p. 220; 1864b,’ p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105; Palmer, 1958, p. 213, pl. 23, figs. 14-17 see for synonymy, illustration of types, and discussion; Not 4esopus eurytoides (Carpenter), Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1938a, p. 252, pl. 24, fig. 10; not Keen, 1958, p. 379, fig. 415. Original description—Carpenter, 1864a, pp. 47, 48. T. testa parva, turrita, gracili; albida, sepius fascia circa peripheriam maculis fusco-aurantiacis picta; anfr. nucl. mamiilatis, Jevibus; norm. v., effusis, subplanatis, ultimo paulum constricto; costulis radiantibus circ. xx., aperturam versus evanidis; apertura subquadrata; labro haud incrassato, interdum intus subtiliter striato, haud dentato; labio ap- presso; columella abrupte truncata. Long. -3, long. spir. -2, lat. -11 poll., aliny, BS. Variat basi fusco tincta, seu tota superficie ut in Nitidella cribraria picta. Syntypes.—No. 4148, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type); San Diego, California, to Panama (Dall, 1921). Cf.Aesopus fuscostrigata (Carpenter) Pl. 66, fig. 8 ? Anachis fuscostrigata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 49, Reprint, 1872, p. 221; 1864b, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105. Original description.— ?A. testa parva, turrita, livida, nitida; zonis rufo-fuscis, subspiralibus, in spira circ. ili., interdum, maxime ad basim, confluentibus, conspicue cincta; lirulis radiantibus subobsoletis, circ. x., prope suturam se monstrantibus; apertura subquadrata. Long. -13, long. spir. -095, lat. -045 poll., div. 20°. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘Types: PALMER 349 The original material consists of one specimen which is still in the original bottle fastened to the original Carpenter glass mount which bears the label “type Anachis fuscostrigata Cpr. @isiib;”’ The holotype has the apex eroded. The shell consists of 4 14 smooth whorls. The revolving of the shell is irregular. About four (Carpenter may have considered three) spiral, irregular bands on the penulti- mate whorl and upper body whorl. The shell is thick. The canal short and blunt. There are no plications. Carpenter questioned his generic determination of Anacliis. A suggested placement in Aesopus Gould is given herein. Dimensions.—Length, 3.5 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.25—mm. (holotype). Holotype—No. 16223, USNM. ° Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). ? Anachis humerosa (Carpenter) Pl. 66, fig. 11 Columbella humerosa Carpenter, 1864b, p. 669, Reprint, 1872, p. 155; 1865d, p. 281, Reprint, 1872, p. 274. ? Anachis humerosa (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 382, fig. 438 holotype. Original description—Carpenter, 1865d, p. 281. C. t. parva, turrita, alba, linea seu maculorum serie fusca interdum spiram ascendente,; marginibus spire parum excurvatis; anfr. nucl.? .. . [detritis]; norm. vi., convexis, postice tumentibus, suturis valde impressis,; costis radiantibus vii.-viit., distantibus, validissimis, rotun- datis; interstitis late undatis; lirulis validis spiralibus extantibus, interstitiis eas equantibus, costae et harum interstitia transeuntibus; basi angusta; labro vix varicoso, postice emarginato, intus solidiore, denti- bus circ. iv. munitis; apertura late undata, compacta. Long. -26, long. spir. -15, lat. -13; div. 38°. Hab. Acapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell. The sculpture resembles that of Rhizocheilus, and the tall spire that of Anachis; yet it appears to belong to the restricted typical genus. The original material consists of one specimen which has the label “Anachis humerosa Cpr. 1865.” Type “on oyster” “Acapulco Rev. J. Rowell.” The holotype consists of six rounded whorls. The apex is worn with the nucleus missing. There are six, spiral, coarse ribs with about eight, large, longitudinal rounded ribs. The color is white with a few scattered brown spots. There is a conspicuous posterior notch, a thick outer lip with a sharp margin, thin inner callus, and a wide short canai. 350 BULLETIN 211] Dimensions.—Length, 7 mm.; greatest diameter, 3 + mm. (holotype). Holotype—No. 610334, USNM. Distribution.—Acapulco, State of Guerrero, west Mexico (type). Point Abrejos, Lower California, to Acapulco (Keen). Anachis serrata Carpenter Pl. 70, figs. 7-9 Anachis serrata Carpenter, 1857, p. 509, Mazatlan; Carpenter, 1865b, p. 273, Reprint, 1872, p. 260 genus ?; Palmer, 1945, p. 100; Keen, 1958, p. 384. This species was described from Mazatlan. The type would be in that collection. Carpenter (1865b) made additions to the description of the species from Cape St. Lucas, Xantus collection. Four specimens (Palmer, 1945) from C. S. Lucas in the Redpath Museum are labelled “type” but those specimens can not be of the original lot. They probably are the shells which Carpenter had in (1865b) making supplementary notes. Specimens figured—No. 75, Redpath Museum. Distribution—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus). Mazatlan (type). Anachis tincta Carpenter ? Anachis tincta Carpenter, 1864a, p. 48, Reprint, 1872, p. 221; 1864b, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105. Columbella tincta (Carpenter), Tryon, 1883, p. 178 section Seminella. Anachis tincta Carpenter, Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1938a, p. 250, pl. 24, fig. 8; Keen, 1958, p. 386. Original description. — ?A. testa parva, turrita, albida, rufo-aurantiaco supra costas tincta; anfr. nucl. levibus; norm. iv.-v., subplanatis, suturis valde impressis; costulis x. radiantibus, et liris spiralibus transeuntibus, in spira iil. supra costas conspicuis, unaque in sutura, dense insculpta; interstitiis alte celatis; apertura subquadrata; labro in medio incrassato. Long. -19, long. spir. -12, lat. -08 poll., div. 30°. Holotype.—Unknown. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Mitrella densilineata (Carpenter) ?Nitidella densilineata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 48, Reprint, 1872, p. 221; 1864b, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105. Columbella densilineata Carpenter, Tryon, 1883, p. 115 section Nitidella. Mitrella densilineata (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 388, fig. 477a type: x 5. Original description. — ?N. testa ?N. millepunctatam forma et indole simulante, sed cmnino nitida, anfractibus planatis, suturis indistinctis, striolis circa basim minimis; livida, lineolis aurantiaco-fuscis divaricatis, sepe ziczac- formibus, densissime signata. Long. -25, long. spir. -15, lat. -1 poll., ihvameStohee The opercula of these two species being unknown, their generic position remains doubtful. The same is true of the two following. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘TyprEs: PALMER 455] Dimensions—Length, 6 mm.; diameter, 2.4 mm. (Keen). Lectotype.—No. 4146, USNM herein designated. Specimen figured by Keen, 1958, fig. 477a. “One of Carpenter’s type speci- mens.” Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Mitrella millepunctata (Carpenter) ? Nitidella millepunctata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 48, Reprint, 1872, p. 220; Car- penter, 1864b, pp. 619, 669, Reprint, 1872, pp. 105, 155. Columbella millepunctata Carpenter, Tryon, 1883, p. 115 section Nitidella, p. 198, pl. 63, fig. 68. Mitrella millepunctata (Carpenter), Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1938a, p. 248, pl. 24, fig. 9; M. Smith, 1944, p. 27; Keen, 1958, p. 389, fig. 483 copy Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1938 not 1930. Original description — ?N. testa parva, nitida, livida; spira exstante, anfractibus subplanatis, suturis distinctis; anfr. nucl. levibus, adolescentibus obsolete radiatim lirulatis, adultis levibus; zona alba postica, sutwram attingente, auran- tiaco maculata; tota preter zonam superficie aurantiaco puncticulata, punctis minimis, creberrimis, in quincunces dispositis; apertura sub- quadrata; labro incrassato, intus vi.-dentato; labio exstante, a lirulis circa basim spiralibus indentato. Long. -3, long. spir. -17, lat. -15 poll., div. 40°. Differs from Columbella albuginosa, Rve., in its peculiar and constant painting. Holotype.—Unknown. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Mitrella santabarbarensis (Carpenter) Pl. 66, figs. 12-15 Columbella Santa-Barbarensis Carpenter, in Gould and Carpenter, 1856e [1857], p. 208; Carpenter, 1857c, pp. 228, 231, 341, 349 [error in distribu- tion, see below]; Reeve, 1858, Conch. Icon., vol. XI, Columbella, pl. XXI, hical22. Columbella Sta.-Barbarensis Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 535, 567, 625, Reprint, 1872, pp. 21, 53, 111 = GC. Reevei; Pace, 1902, p. 132. Columbella Reevei Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 535, 567, 625, Reprint, 1872, pp. 21, 53, 111; Tryon, 1883, p. 118, pl. 47, fig. 50 copy Reeve, 1858, pl. XXI, fig. 122 section Mitrella; Pace, 1902, p. 129; Palmer, 1945, p. 100. Mitrella santabarbarensis (Carpenter), Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 116. Mitrella santa-barbarensis (Gould and Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 390, fig. 486 copy Reeve. “Columbella” santa-barbarensis Carpenter, Palmer, 1945, p. 100; Palmer, 1958, p. 212. Original description Carpenter ix Gould and Carpenter, 1856e, p. 208. C. t. elongata, subconica, fusco-aurantia, albido varie picta; epidermide tenul, transversim striata, munita; anfr. vii. subplanatis, suturis dis- tinctis, spiraliter striatis, striis distantibus; apertura subquadrata, intus violascente; labro acutiore, vix sinuato, vix denticulato; labio parvo, 352 BULLETIN 211] plica unica canali contigua; anfr. primis sepe decussatis. Long. -36, long. spir. -18, lat. -15, div. 40°. Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett). Mus. Gould. This elegant species is known by its faintly striated surface, violet- tinted, open mouth, and the extremely minute labral denticles. The discovery of this and other species of the genus in the Upper Cali- fornian province, corrects the error as to its northern limit in Forbes’ Zoological Map. The markings of the two specimens sent vary, as in the next species. Columbella Sta.-Barbarensis [so named to correct the statement that Cali- fornia was above the limit of the genus, proves to be a Mexican shell, and was probably obtained at Acapulco. Having been redescribed by Reeve from perfect specimens, it may stand as C. Reewvei]—l[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 535, Reprint, 1872, p. 21. Columbella Sta. Barbarbarensis, Cpr. Sta. Barbara. Not merely fainted striated, teste Cpr., but unusually grooved. [Modified from Reeve, 1858, pl. 21, fig. 122.] [Described from a worn specimen in Jewett’s Col., and named to mark a more northern limit to the genus than had been assigned by Forbes. The label was probably incorrect, as the shell lives in the tropical fauna. C. S. Lucas, Xantus: Acapulco, Newberry; Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. The name (as expressing error) should therefore be altered to C. Reevei, Cpr.] —[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 567, Reprint, 1872 p. 53.] Because the specific name denoted an error in distribution, which he corrected, Carpenter renamed the species. Because the original name was not preoccupied such a precedure is not valid, and the original name must stand regardless of the species distribu- tion. The type material is at the Redpath Museum, McGill Uni- versity. It consists of five specimens, mounted on an _ original Carpenter glass mount with his label, “type C. S. Lucas.” There is a specimen in the Gould Collection, New York State Mus. Gould Coll. A 4634 which Wm. Marshall, in segregating the shells, suggested that it might be the type of the species. Carpenter stated that the species “had been named from a worn specimen in Jewett Coll.” and there are five specimens in the Carpenter Collection at McGill. The only suggestion that the Gould specimen might be the type is the label “Types A 4634” nis. Dimensions.—Length, 11 mm.; greatest diameter, 5 ram. (holo- types figured). Syntypes——No. 74, Redpath Museum, McGill University. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (type). Caducifer crebristriatus (Carpenter) Pl. 63, figs. 3, 4 Triton crebristriatus Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165; 1857c, pp. 284, 337; Car- penter, 1860d, p. 11. Caducifer crebristriatus (Carpenter), Tomlin, 1927, p. 163; Keen, 1958, p. 398. So Ut SS CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘TYPES: PALMER Original description.—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 165. 24. ? ‘TRITON CREBRISTRIATUS, n.s. ? JT. testa “T. picto” plerumquc simulante; sed strits crebris spiralibus cincta; albida rufo-castanco dense maculata; apertura vix varicosa, intus simplict. Long. -58, long. spir. -34, lat. -24, div. 30°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Is destitute of the expressed spiral ribs of JT. pictus (s.g. Epi- dromus, H. & A. Ad. Gen. i. 103). The only specimen seen has no teeth in the aperture. It may be only on the verge of maturity, or it may belong to a Buccinoid genus. Faint plications can be seen on the interior of the outer lip. Dimensions —“The height of the specimen is 0.68 ‘not 0.58’ as in original description. The measurements of breadth and angle of divergence of the spire agree.” (N. Tebble, per. com., Nov. 27, 1962.) Holotype.—Reg. No. 19621120, BM (NH). Distribution Panama (type); Coiba Is, west of Bay of Panama and Gorgona Is., Colombia (Tomlin). Phos biplicatus Carpenter Phos biplicatus Carpenter, 1856c, p. 166; 1857b, pp. 284, 343; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 12; Tryon, 1881, p. 220; Strong and Lowe, 1936, p. 314 under P. ver- aguensis Hinds, 1844, (p. 37). Nassa (Phos) biplicata Carpenter, Mérch, 1861, p. 92. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 166. 25. PHOS BIPLICATUS, n. s. Ph. testa subelevata, anfr. viii. parum rotun- datis; costis radiantibus circiter xi. rotundatis, interstitiis concavis; liris spiralibus extantibus acutis, supra costas castaneo tinctis, quarum vi. in anfr. penult. videntur; apertura contracta; labro intus dense lirato, labio interdum rugoso; columella plica acuta, canalem definiente, altera obtusa, vix bifida, superante; canali acuto, recurvato, ad dorsum nodoso et infra carina acuta ornato; colore albido, purpureo-fusco tincto. Long. 1-05, long. spir. -6, lat. -64, div. 50°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Holotype—Unknown. Not BM (NH). Distribution Panama (type). Latirus tumens Carpenter IAL OH, 1S, 1 Latyrus tumens Carpenter, 1856c, p. 166. Lathirus tumens Carpenter, 1857c, pp. 284, 338; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 11; 1872, Reprint, Index, p. 61. Latirus tumens Carpenter, Melvill, 1891, . . . Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc., ser. 4, vol. 4, pp. 391, 405, 411, pl. 2, fig. 14; Tomlin, 1927, p. 159; Hertlein and Strong, 1951, p. 80 footnote; Keen, 1958, p. 416. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 166. 26. LATYRUS TUMENS, n. s. L. testa “L. gracili”’ simillima, sed costis maxime tumentibus, attingentibus, sulcis spiralibus crebris ornata; plicis columellaribus iii. quarta obsoleta. 354 BULLETIN 211 Long. 2:78, long. spir. 1:57, lat. 1:44, div. 50°. Hab. In Sinn Panamensi; legit Te Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. eis: In L. gracilis the spiral lines are few and raised; in this species numerous and impressed. The holotype in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) has the label, Loc. Panama Bay 1+ Cuming Coll. ex. Bridges. Holotype.—Reg. No. 19621119 BM (NB). Distribution.—Panama (type). Tritonidea elata (Carpenter) Pl. (663 figsy AGa 7 Pisania elata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 49, Reprint, 1872, p. 221; 1864b, p. 619, Reprint, 1872, p. 105; Keen, 1958, p. 400 ef. Cantharus. Tritonidea elata (Carpenter), Palmer, 1945, p. 100 Carpenter label. Original description.— P. testa minore, valde turrita, Latiroidea; alba, rufo-fusco antice et postice varie maculata seu strigata; anfr. nucl.? ...; norm. vi., con- vexis, suturis impressis; costis radiantibus vi.-viil., obtusis, interstitiis undatis; lirulis spiralibus distantibus, in spira plerumque iii., aliis minoribus intercalantibus; canali angusto, subrecurvato; apertura sub- ovata; pariete postice dentata; columella parum contorta. Long. -68, long. spir. -37, lat. -29 poll., div. 38°. Specimen in the Carpenter collection at McGill University is labelled “type Gulf of California Pederson.” The specimen (PI. 66, figs. 16, 17) is a shell covered with a calcareous incrustation. The general characters correspond to Carpenter’s description, but it is strange that if the specimen which Carpenter had did have a calcareous covering that Carpenter did not mention it. Also the name of Pederson on the glass mount intimates that the shell is not the original. The original specimens were collected by Xantus from Cape San Lucas. There is doubt that the specimen figured is the type. The measurements do not equal those of Car- penter. Dimensions.—Specimen figured, length, 32 mm.; 13 mm., greatest diameter. ? Holotype.—No. 87, Redpath Museum. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Fasciolaria bistriata Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter Fasciolaria bistriata Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter, 1857, p. 207; 1857c, pp. 228, 231, 338; Keen, 1958, p. 414 Gould and Carpenter. Turbinella (Fasciolaria) ’ bistriata Carpenter, Tryon, 1881, p. 97. “Possibly Latirus.” Original description—Carpenter in Gould and Carpenter, 1856e, p. 207. F. t. regulari, tenui, aurantio-fusca, epidermide tenui induta; anfr. ix. CARPENTER MOLLUSGAN ‘Types: PALMER 2S Or Ur quorum duo nucleosi leves, apice mamillato, subdeclivi; normalibus convexis sutura distincta; costis transversis (in anfr. penullt. XVI.) tu- mentibus sed planatis, attingentibus, interstitiss, parvis, ad basin evani- dis; lirulis acutis spiralibus (in anfr. penult. vi.) et inter eas striulis crebris, costis transeuntibus, cleganter ornata; apertura ovali, albida; labro acuto, secundum lirulas intus sulcato; pariete secundum lirulas plicato; labio ad basin parvo, vix plicato canali clongato, subrecto. Long. 1-07, long. spir. -42, lat. -48, div. 50°. Hab. Panama, teste Gould; sp. unic. in Mus. suo. The columellar folds in this very elegant and delicate shell are in- distinct, but are compensated by the continuations of the spiral lirule over the body whirl. Holotype—Unknown. Distribution.—Panama (type). Daphnella sinuata (Carpenter) Pl. 68, figs. 15, 16 Cithara sinuata Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162; 1857c, pp. 284, 332; Carpenter, 1860d, p. 9. Mangilia [sic] sinuata (Carpenter), Tryon, 1884, p. 271. Daphnella sinuata (Carpenter), Keen, p. 446. : Original description —Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162. 11. ? CITHARA SINUATA, n. s. C. testa trapezoidea, spira subelevata, mar- ginibus excurvatis ; albida, rufo-fusco varie tincta; anfr. ix., subrotun- datis, sutura parum impressa, quarum iii. nucleosi, diaphani, leves, dein lirts spiralibus et radiantibus fortiter cancellatis ; normaliter lirulis radiantibus et striulis spiralibus tenue sculptis, in anfr. ult. subobso- letis; apertura lineata, canali anteriore haud profundo, curlissimo; labro acuto, ad dorsum calloso, sinu antico parvo, postico angusto, profundo, intus haud cc aaa labio parietali haud calloso. Long. -43, long. spir. -18, lat. -17, div. 43° Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; ae oie Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. Closely related to Pleurotoma concinna, C. B. Adams, Pan. Shells, No. 167, from the description of which it differs in the whorls not being angular and the sculpture on the spire being coarser, instead of finer, than the rest. Holotype.—Reg. No. 196314 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Clathurella intercalaris (Carpenter) Pl. 68, figs. 17, 18 Defrancia intercalaris Carpenter, 1856c, p. 163. Clathurella intercalaris (Carpenter), Carpenter, 1857c, pp. 284, 332; 1860d, p. 9; Tryon, 1884, p. 299. Clathurella (Clathurella) intercalaris (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 470. Original description —Carpenter, 1856c, p. 163. 14. DEFRANCIA INTERCALARIS, n. s. D. testa graciliore, pallide castanea, fascia circa peripheriam pallidiore, spira elevata, marginibus rectis; anfr. x. rotundatis, suturis parum impressis; costis radiantibus supra circiter xi. rotundatis, interstitiis latis; infra altis inter calantibus ; lirulis spiralibus, subdistantibus, in spira pler umgue iii., ad basin cr ebrioribus; rugulis radiantibus minutissimis tota superficie ‘sub lente confertissime ornata; apertura ovali, canali brevi; labro margine acuto, vix serrato, 556 BULLETIN 21] intus denticulato, ad dorsum varice prominente, lateraliter compresso; sinu postico rotundato, aperto, sutura vix attingente, callositate parie- tali parva. Long. -64, long. spir. -35, lat. -24, div. 25°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. With some of the characters of Drillia, and a loose resemblance to Pleurotoma gracillima, this shell seems to have most affinity with De- francia rava, Hinds. Holotype.—Reg. No. 196316 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Clathurella rigida fuscoligata (Carpenter) Pl. 68, figs. 9-14 Mangelia ? rigida var. fuscoligata Carpenter, 1856c, p. 163; 1857c, p. 284. Mangilia [sic] rigida fuscoligata Carpenter, Tryon, 1884, p. 269. Clathurella (? Clathurella) rigida fuscoligata (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 471. Original description.—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 163. 13. MANGELIA ? RIGIDA, var. FUSCOLIGATA. M. testa “M. rigid” simili; sed graciliore, costis acutioribus, lineis spiralibus minus expressis, fascia rufo-fusca super suturam plus minusve conspicua. Long. -27, long. spir. -15, lat. -08, div. 28°. Variat t. plus minusve elevata, seu latiore. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Mus. Cuming. As far as can be judged from a comparison of nine specimens brought by Mr. Bridges with two of M. rigida, Hinds, this is a very variable species, differing in colour, strength of sculpture, solidity, or spiral elevation. M. neglecta, C. B. Ad., four specimens of which were found to vary, may also prove a brown variety of the same species. Syntypes.—Reg. No. 196315 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Clathurella serrata (Carpenter) Pl. 68, figs. 19, Defrancia serrata Carpenter, 1856c, p. 163. Clathurella serrata (Carpenter), Carpenter, 1857c, pp. 284, 332; 1860d, p. Tryon, 1884, p. 299. Clathurella (Clathurella) serrata Carpenter, Keen, 1958, p. 471. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 163. 15. DEFRANCIA SERRATA, n. s. D. testa parva, turrita, marginibus spire excurvatis; albida, rufo- fusco fasciata; fascia aream sinus implente, dein circa basin continua; anfr. viii. convexis, costis rotundatis xil., circa basin obsoletis, et lirulis spiralibus costarum apices serrantibus, ili. in spiram monstrantibus, eleganter instructis; apertura subquadrata; labro ad marginem serrato, intus tuberculis v., ad dorsum varice valde prominente, ornato; sinu rotundato, lato; labio subrugoso. Long. -3, long. spir. -18, lat. -12, div. 28°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi: legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Has the general aspect of Mangelia rigida, var. fuscoligata; and also resembles D. rava, Hinds. Holotype.—Reg. No. 196317 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). 20 SX) CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN Typrs: PALMER Clavus (Elaeocyma) albolaqueatus (Carpenter) Drillia albolaqueata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 669, Reprint, 1872, p. 155. Mangelia albolaqueata Carpenter, 1865d, p. 280, Reprint, 1872, p. 273. Mangilia [sic] albolaqueata Carpenter, Tryon, 1884, p. 251. Clavus (Elacocyma) albolaqueatus (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 450, fig. 748a type. Original description—Carpenter, 1865d, p. 280. M. ¢. solida, turrita, alba, rudi, marginibus spire rectis; anfr. nucl.? . . . [decollatis|; norm. circ. ix. subrotundatis, costis circ. xi-xv., declivibus, satis angustis, postice obsoletis, lincis subregularibus spiram ascendentibus; lirulis spiralibus anticis crebris, postice obsoletis; basi elongata; labro? ... ; labio calloso; sinu postico majore, suturam attingente. Long. -88, long. spir. -55, lat. -34; div. 30°. Hab. Panama (teste Rowell). Described from an imperfect and worn specimen, but easily recog- nized by its ivory-white colour, and ribs in slanting rows, as though the creature were roofed with white tiles. It was erroneously quoted in the Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 669, as a Drillia. Keen figured and described the holotypé& a worn shell. Dimensions.—Holotype, 22 mm., length; diameter, 9 mm. (Keen). Holotype.—No. 55393, USNM (Keen). Distribution.—Panama (type). Crassispira appressa (Carpenter) VEAL Gil, sates, a! Drillia appressa Carpenter, 1864a, p. 46, Reprint, 1872, p. 218; 186+b, p. 618, Reprint, p. 104; Tryon, 1884, p. 213. Crassispira appressa (Carpenter), Dall, 1919, p. 22, pl. 7, fig. 2 type; Keen, 1958, p. 457, fig. 785 copy Dall. Original description. — D. testa parva, compacta; rufo-fusca, interdum supra costas pallidiore; marginibus spire excurvatis; anfr. norm. vi., planatis, suturis indis- tinctis; costis tuberculosis radiantibus circ. xiv., antice et postice obsoletis; striolis spiralibus creberrimis; costa spirali irregulari postica, tuberculosa, super suturas appressa; area sinus parvi vix definita; basi satis prolongata; apertura subquadrata; labio distincto. Long. -3, long. spir. -17, lat. -12 poll., div. 40°. The original material consists of one specimen, the type, in the USNM labelled “Type Cape St. Lucas J. Xantus.” The holo- type is worn with the nucleus missing. The longitudinal ribs were strong but now eroded. Fine spiral lines are preserved in the inter- spaces but worn on the longitudinal ribs. The shell is light brown. The suture is appressed, irregular; outer lip thick; canal short and wide. Dimensions.—Length, 8 mm.; greatest diameter, 3.5 mm. (holo- type). 358 BULLETIN 211] Holotype.—No. 4087, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Mangelia acuticostata Carpenter Mangelia acuticostata Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162; 1856, p. 401; 1857c, pp. 284, 332; 1860d, p. 9; 1864b, p.550; 1863, p. 348, Reprint, 1872, pp. 36, 184 M. neglecta C. B. Adama, 1852. Mangilia [sic] acuticostata Carpenter, Tryon, 1884, p. 321 = M. neglecta C. B. Adams, 1852. Mangelia (? Mangelia) acuticostata Carpenter, Keen, 1958, p. 468. Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 162. 1. MANGELIA ACUTICOSTATA, n. s. M. testa parva, turrita, albida, rufo- fusco tincta; marginibus spire excurvatis; anfr. vii. subtumentibus, superne obtuse angulatis, sutura impressa; costis radiantibus acutis, angustis, circiter ix. subobliquis,; interstitits latis, confertissime et minu- tissime spiraliter striulatis; apertura subelongata; labro acuto, simplici, sinu rotundato, aperto; ad dorsum varice acuto, extante; labro tenut. Long.-32, long. spir. -16, lat. -12, div. 30°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Intermediate between WM. rigida, Hinds, and M. striosa, C. B. Adams. Holotype.—Not found. Not BM (NH). Discription.—Panama (type). Mangelia cerea Carpenter Pl. 66, fig. 18 Mangelia cerea Carpenter, 1864b, p. 538, Reprint, 1872, p. 24; 1865i, p. 490, Reprint, 1872, p. 294; Palmer, 1945, p. 99. Mangilia [sic] cerea Carpenter, Tryon, 1884, p. 251. Mangelia (Mangelia) cerea Carpenter, Keen, 1958, p. 467. Original description — M. testa M. hamate simili, sed textura cerea, aurantiaca, graciliore, anfractibus tumidioribus, haud angulatis; anfr. nucl. levibus; normali- bus v., costis radiantibus haud acutis, interstitia equantibus; liris spiralibus validioribus, haud filosis, supra costas nodulosis, in inter- stitiis subobsoletis; apertura, testa adulta,? . .. Long. -25, long. spir. -14, lat. -1, div. 28°. Variat testa rufo-fusca. Hab. Panama (teste Jewett). Col. Jewett’s unique specimen is not mature. It is distinguished from M. hamata by the smooth nucleus, waxen texture, rounder whorls, more equal distribution of the contour between ribs and interstices, and especially by the spiral sculpture, which is faint in the hollows, but nodulose on the ribs. Mr. Cuming has a specimen with the same tex- ture, but of a rich brown colour. The original collection consists of the holotype in the Car- penter collection at the Redpath Museum, McGill University. The label reads, ‘““Mangelia cerea Cpr. Type Panama Jewett (comp. gemmulosa, C.B.A. 173)”. Holotype.—No. 91, Redpath Museum. Distribution.—Panama (type). CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyprEs: PALMER 559 Mangelia hamata Carpenter Pl, 66, fig, 10 Mangelia hamata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 538, Reprint, 1872, p. 24; 1851i, p. 399, Reprint, 1872, p. 293; Palmer, 1945, p. 99; Burch, 1946, #62, p. 27; Keen, 1958, p. 467. Mangilia [sic] hamata Carpenter, Tryon, 1884, p. 251; Dall, 1919, p. 71. Original description.— M. testa carneo-aurantiaca, satis turrita, marginibus spire excurvatis; anfr. nucl. ii. globosis, tenuissime cancellatis, apice mamillato; norm. vi., subelongatis, in spira tumentibus, subangulatis, suturis impressis; costis radiantibus x.-xil., acutioribus, validis, circa basim prolongatam continuis; interstitiis concavis; lirulis spiralibus filosis, distantibus, supra costas transeuntibus, in spira iii.-iv.; apertura subelongata, quasi hamata, intus levi, intense colorata; labro acuto, dorsaliter varicoso, postice valde sinuato. Long. -24, long. spir. -13, lat. -1, div. 25°. Hab. Panama (teste Jewett). This very beautiful species is easily recognized by the varicose lip, sloping off to a sharp edge; by the deeply cut posterior notch, giving the smooth mouth a hooked appearance; by the sharp ridges, traversed by distant spiral threads; and by the flesh-tinted orange colour. . The original material consists of one specimen in the Car- penter Collection at the Redpath Museum labelled, “Mangelia hamata Cpr. type Panama Jewett”. Holotype—No. 95, Redpath Museum. DistributionPanama (type). Mangelia subdiaphana Carpenter Mangelia subdiaphana Carpenter, 1864a, p. 45, Reprint, 1872, p. 218; 1864b, p. 538, Reprint, 1872, p. 24; Hertlein and Strong, 1951, p. 79. Mangilia [sic] subdiaphana (Carpenter), Tryon, 1884, p. 271. Cytharella subdiaphana (Carpenter), Dall, 1919, p. 75, pl. 24, fig. 4, type. Mangelia (Agathotoma) subdiaphana Carpenter, Keen, p. 468, fig. 866 copy Dall. Original description — M. testa parva, subdiaphana, albida, interdum rufo-fusco pallide tincta; satis turrita, marginibus spire parum excurvatis; anfr. nucleosis ili., levibus, diaphanis, apice mamillato; norm. iv., satis excurvatis, haud angulatis, suturis impressis; fascia super spiram pallide fusca, alteraque candida contigua; costulis radiantibus xvi.-xviii., acutis, subrectis distantibus, interstitiis undatis; tota superficie minute et creberrime spiraliter striata; basi producta, striis magis expressis; apertura subelongata; labro ad dorsum incrassato, postice distincte emarginato, intus haud dentato; labio tenuissimo; columella recta, antice late canaliculata. Long. -19, long. spir. -1, lat. -06 poll., div. 30°. Dimensions.—Holotype, alt. 5 mm. (fide Dall, 1919). The type was figured by Dall in 1919 and copied by Keen, 1958. 360 BULLETIN 211 Type.—Holotype, No. 16219 USNM (No. 274104, Dall, 1919). Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (type). Pseudomelatoma penicillata (Carpenter) PE-6L hese 2, Drillia penicillata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658, Reprint, 1872, p. 144; 1865g, p. 146, Reprint, 1872, p. 314; Cooper, 1867, p. 32; not Keep, 1887, p. 56, fig. 38; Tryon, 1884, p. 182, in part under D. inermis Hinds, 1843, p. 37. Not Pleurotoma (? Clionella) penicillata (Carpenter), Weinkauff, 1887, p. 125, pl. 28, figs. 1, 4 copied by Tryon, 1884, pl. 12, fig. 40. Pseudomelatoma penicillata (Carpenter), Dall, 1918, p. 317; Dall, 1919, p. 21, pl. 22, fig. 3; Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 560, pl. 26, figs. 5a, 5b, 18; Keen, 1958, p. 477, fig. 914 copy Dall; Palmer 1958, p. 232. Drillia penicillata, n.s. Like inermis, with delicate brownish pencillings— [Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658, Reprint, p. 144]. Original description.—Carpenter, 1865g, p. 146. D. t. D. inermi forma et indole simili; sed conerea, rufo-fusco dense penicillata,; lineolis creberrimis, interdum diagonalibus, seu zic-zac- formibus, seu varie interruptis; anfractibus planatis, plicato-costatis, costulis circiter 14, regione sinus minimi, lati, expansi interruptis, postice nodosis; canali effusa—Long. 1-35, long. spir. -75, lat. -42, poll.: div. 25°. Hab. Cerros Is., basse Californie, Veatch. Tous les individus que j’ai vus de cette espéce étaient excessive- ment roulés, mais on peut la reconnaitre trésfacilement a sa coloration élégante. The original material consists of one specimen which is badly eroded. The outer lip is broken. The longitudinal ribs though worn smooth are conspicuously prominent and nodose just below the suture. The apical whorls are missing. The color is dark brown, lighter on the nodes and the longitudinal ribs, darker between. Under the lens the zigzag brown lines show distinctly and reveal the retral sinus on the body whorl. The zigzag lines show in the photograph herein (fig. 2). Dimensions.—Length, 31 + mm.; greatest diameter, 1] mm. (apex broken) (holotype). Holotype.—No. 6320, USNM. Distribution.—Cerros Is., Lower California (type). Laevitectum eburneum (Carpenter) Drillia eburnea Carpenter, 1864b, p. 668, Reprint, 1872, p. 154; 1865d, p. 280, Reprint, 1872, p. 273; Tryon, 1884, p. 183. ? Clathrodrillia (Laevitectum) eburnea (Carpenter), Dall, 1919, p. 19, pl. 13, fig. 5 type. Type species Levitectum. Pseudomelatoma (Laevitectum) eburnea (Carpenter), Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 564; Keen, 1958, p. 478, fig. 914a copy Dall type. Laevitectum eburnea Carpenter, Palmer, 1958, p. 56 type species. Original description.— D. t. turrita, carneo-albida, tenuiore, levi, maxime nitente; margini- CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN [Typrs: PALMER 361 bus spire rectis; anfr. nucl.? .. . [decollatis|; norm. circ. ix., postice planatis, supra suturas appressis, medio satis excurvatis; hic et illic rugis radiantibus, obsoletis, irregularibus exscul pla ; basi prolongata, canali conspicuo, aperto; sinu postico minore, in sulco lato, haud definito, spiram asendente sito; labro acuto; aio indistincto; colu- mella planata. Long. 1-3, long. spir. -8, lat. - div. 30°. Hab. Near Gulf of Caines (teste Rowell). Easily recognized by its smooth glossy aspect and French-white colour; the notch lying along a broad spiral channel, which throws the junc- tion of the whorl as it were up the suture. The species was described from the Gulf of California. Dall figured the holotype in 1919 which was copied by Keen (1958). Therefore, the illustration is not repeated herein. Dimensions.—Alt., 30 mm. fide Dall, 1919. Holotype—No. 22817, USNM. Distribution —Gulf of California (type). “Pleurotoma” gracillima Carpenter Pl. 68, figs. 7, 8 ? Pleurotoma gracillima Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164; 1857c, pp. 284, 330; Car- penter, 1860d, p. 9; Tryon, 1884, p. 174 not Weinkauff, 1887, Conch. Cab., Bdbiep. 26, ¢.5, £4, 5. Original description —Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164. 17. ? PLEUROTOMA GRACILLIMA, n. s. ? P. testa gracillima, pallide cas- tanea, spira acuta, elevata, marginibus rectis; anfr. xii. rotundatis, sutura impressa; costibus Fadiantibaus subdeclivibus xviii., ad jugum acutis, interstitiis parvis; lirulis spiralibus acutis, quarum ili. sive iv. in spiram monstrantur, ad intersectiones nodulosis; carina infrasuturali haud extante; area sinus latiore, sublevi; tota superficie minutissime spiraliter striulata, in spira radiatim corrugulata; apertura ovali, canali subelongato; labro margine acuto, vix serrato, ad dorsum valde calloso; sinu antico parvo, postico rotundato, aperto, suture contiguo, haud attingente; callositate parictali vix monstrante. Long. -83, long. spir. -49, lat. -24, div. 20°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. unicum in Mus. Cuming. Has many of the characters of Drillia and Defrancia; but the canal appears long enough to give it a place among the true Pleurotome. Holotype.—Holotype, Reg. No. 196319 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Drillia punctatostriata Carpenter Pl. 68, figs. 5, 6 Drillia punctatostriata Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164; 1857c, pp. 284, 331; Car- penter, 1860d, p. 9; Tryon, 1884, p. 213. Original description Carpenter, 1856c, p. 164. 16. DRILLA PUNCTATOSTRIATA, nis. D. testa intense purpureo-fusca, gra- cili, spira acuminata, marginibus excurvatis; anfr. x. satis rotundatis, suturis haud impressis,; lirulis spiralibus acutis, distantibus, quarum iii.- Vv. in spira monstrantur, supra costis radiantibus incons picuis circiter XX. obliquis, nodosis; juxta suturam carina haud extante; area sinus lineis 562 BULLETIN 211 incrementi costis convenientibus vix decussata; apertura elongata, intus haud denticulata, canali minimo; labro margine acuto, haud serrato, ad dorsum tumente; sinu antico minore, postico rotundato, profundo, faucibus coarctatis; labio haud calloso; tota superficie sub lente minutis- sime et confertim punctato-striata. Long. -75, long. spir. -4, lat. -26, div. 27°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Holotype.—Reg. No. 196318 BM (NB). Distribution.—Panama (type). Cytharella (Agathotoma) fusconotata (Carpenter) Cithara fusconotata Carpenter, 1864a, p. 46, Reprint, 1872, p. 218: Car- penter, 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Palmer, 1958, p. 227. See Palmer, 1958, page 227 for synonymy and Oldroyd, 1927, page 148 for copy of original description. Holotype.—No. 4081, USNM. Photo not furnished. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type); Laguna Beach, California, to Gulf of California (Dall). Atys (Aliculastrum) casta (Carpenter) ? Atys casta Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314, Reprint, 1872, p. 212; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Atys castra [sic] typ. error in Palmer, 1958, p. 239; Keen, 1958, p. 496, fig. 987 of lectotype. See Palmer, 1958, p. 239 for synonymy, illustration of types, and discussion. Original description — ?A. testa elongata, tenui, subdiaphana, albida; antrorsum paulum tumidiore; spira celata, lacunata, (t. adulte) haud umbilicata; columella paulum intorta, effusa; umbilico antico minimo; labro postice producto, obtuse angulato; tota superficie subtiliter spiraliter striatula. Long. 4-, lat. -18 poll. On the confines of the genus, related to Cylichna. Lectotype (Palmer, 1958) and paratype.—No. 4014, USNM. Distribution.—Recent, Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type); Cata- lina Island, California, to Gulf of California (Dall, 1921). Pleisto- cene. California (Willett, 1937). Longchaeus adamsii (Carpenter) Obeliscus ? conicus jun. C. B. Ad., Carpenter, 1857, pp. 409, 410 fide Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 21. Obeliscus Adamsii Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 547, 551, Reprint, 1872, pp. 33, 37. New name for species 486 Mazatlan, Cat. 1856, p. 409. Obeliscus variegatus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 46, Reprint, 1872, p. 219; 1864b, pp. 613, 618, 658, Reprint, 1872, pp. 99, 104, 144. Pyramidella (Longchaeus) adamsi (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 21, pl. 1, figs. 6, 6a. Longchaeus adamsi (Carpenter), Palmer, 1958, p. 243. See for extended synonymy and discussion. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN LyPES: PALMER 363 Obeliscus adamsii Carpenter was a new name for O. conicus which was described from Mazatlan and hence the type is with the Mazatlan Collection in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Type of O. variegatus is unknown. Original description.—O. variegatus, Carpenter, 1864a, p. 46, O. testa O. hastato simili; nitidissima, striolis incrementi exilissimis; livido et castaneo varie nebulosa; prope suturam cancaliculatam lineis albidis picta; hic et illic callositate alba interna; peripheria circa basin insculpta, unicolore; columella truncata, triplicata; plica superiore acuta, exstante, circa basim continua; plicis anticis parvis, spiralibus. Long. -44, long. spir. -3, lat. -15 poll., div. 23°. Obeliscus ? variegatus. 8. Diego. (Also La Paz, Cape St. Lucas.).—[Car- penter, 1864b, p. 613]. Obeliscus variegatus. 2 worn sp. Described from a fresh Guaymas shell, Mus. Cal. Ac.—[Carpenter, 1864b, p. 618]. Obeliscus ? variegatus n.s. From Gulf fauna. Periphery with spiral groove. Colour-pattern clouded.—[ Carpenter, 1864b, p. 658]. See Dall and Bartsch (1909) and Palm@r (1958) for descrip- tion and discussion. Types—Holotype, O. adamsi (O. conicus) BM (NH); O. variegatus unknown. Distribution.—O. adamsu (O. conicus) Mazatlan, Sinoloa, west Mexico (type). O. variegatus, Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Odostomia (Menestho) aequisculpta (Carpenter) Odostomia (Evalea) aequisculpta Carpenter, 1864a, pp. 46, 47, Reprint, 1872, p. 219. Odostomia (Oscilla) aequisculpta (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch iz Arnold, 1903, p. 284, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a type. Odostomia (Menestho) aequisculpta Carpenter, Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 191, pl. 20, figs. 3, 3a type same as 1903; Palmer, 1958, p. 248 see for synonymy and discussion. Original description — O. testa parva, ovoidea, alba, subdiaphana; marginibus spire sub- rectis; vert. nucl. ?..., normaliter truncato; anfr. norm. iv., parum arcuatis, suturis impressis; tota superficie costulis spiralibus circ. xiv., quarum vi. in spira monstrantur, latis, planatis, equidistantibus; interstitiis parvis; basi rotundata; apertura ovata; peritremate haud continuo; labro acuto; labio subobsoleto; plica juxta parietem con- spicua, acuta, transversa; columella arcuata, rimulam umbilicalem formante. Long. -07, long. spir. -04, lat. -03 poll., div. 40°. The original material consists of one specimen in bottle on the original Carpenter glass mount labelled “Type Odostomia aequis- culpta Cpr CSL”. The specimen has a mammillate nucleus. The shell is wide. It has spiral ribs with narrow interspaces over the surface. The 364 BULLETIN 211 aperture is entire. The callus small. Dimensions.—Holotype, Length, 2 mm.; greatest diameter, 1] mm. Holotype—wNo. 16221, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Odostomia (lolaea) delicatula (Carpenter) Odostomia (Evalea) delicatula Carpenter, 1864a, p. 47, Reprint, 1872, p. 219. Odostomia (lolaea) delicatula Carpenter, Dall and Bartsch, 1909, pp. 5, 181, 183, pl. 20, figs. 5, 5a type; Baker, Hanna, and Strong, 1928, p. 237, pl. 12, fig. 15. Original description.— O. testa tenuissima, alba, diaphana, nitente, elongata; marginibus spire eleganter excurvatis; vert. nucl. levi, globoso, decliviter immerso; anfr. norm. iil.. subplanatis, suturis impressis; liris subacutis, spiralibus, quarum v. in spira monstrantur; interstitiis latis, undatis, creberrime decussatis; basi elongata; apertura oblonga, peritremate haud continuo; labro tenui; labio vix conspicuo; plica juxta parietem exstante, declivi. Long. -075, long. spir. -04, lat. -03 poll., div. 30°. The original material consists of one specimen with the original Carpenter glass mount labelled, “Type Parthenia delicatula Cpr CSiig The type was figured by Dall and Bartsch, 1909. The type is white, the nuclear whorls are mammillate and moderately high. There are microscopic spiral ribs, three on the penultimate whorl. The wide interspaces have microscopic longi- tudinal striae. A plication is high on the columella and a sharp rib on the columellar area appears like a slight umbilicus. Dimensions.—Holotype, length, 2 mm.; greatest diameter, 1 mm. My measurements do not coincide with those of Dall and Bartsch. Holotype.—No. 4102, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Odostomia straminea Carpenter Odostomia ? straminea Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 624, 659, Reprint, 1872, pp. 110, 145. Odostomia straminea Carpenter, 1865g, p. 146, Reprint, 1872, p. 314; Dall and Bartsch, 1909, pp. 4, 5; Palmer, 1958, p. 247. Odostomia (Evalea) straminea Dall and Bartsch, 1907, p. 527; Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 206 under O. tenuisculpta Carpenter. Like tall var. of inflata, with straw-coloured epidermis, not striulate—I[Car- penter, 1864b, p. 145.] Original description——Carpenter, 1865g, p. 146. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyprkEs: PALMER 365 21. ODOSTOMIA STRAMINEA. O. t. “O. inflata, var. elatiori” simili, sed multo elatiore; haud inflata, epidermide straminea, haud striulata—Long. -18, long. spir. -08, lat. -1, poll.: div. 40°. Hab. basse Californie (sur la partie dorsale d’une Haliotide, Rowell.— Cap St.-Lucas, Xantus. On peut facilement distinguer cette espéce de celles du Nord par sa spire allongée et son épiderme d’un jaune de paille. Type.—Not found. Distribution—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Turbinella (Pyrgiscus) angusta (Carpenter) Chrysallida angusta Carpenter, 1864a, p. 47, Reprint, 1872, p. 219; 1864b, pp. 618, Reprint 1872, p. 104; Hertlein and Strong, 1951, p. 95 includes foot- note. Turbinella (Pyrgiscus) angusta (Carpenter), Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 91, pl. 8, fig. 6 type. Original description. — C. testa parva, satis elongata, nitida, alba, sculptura minus expressa; marginibus spire parum excurvatis; vert. nucl. parvo, subito immerso, dimidium truncationis tegente; anfr. norm. v., planatis, elongatis, suturis minus impressis; costis radiantibus circ. xiii.. plerumque lineis continuis marginibus utrinque parallelis, circa basim productam obso- letis; lirulis spiralibus angustis, in spira circ. v., interstitiis decussanti- bus, supra costas haud nodulosis; apertura ovali; peritremate parum continuo; jabro tenui, translucido; labio tenui; plica juxta parietem parva, obtusa. Long. -095, long. spir. -065, lat. -028 poll., div. 20°. Dimensions.—Length, 2.3 mm.; diameter, 0.8 mm. (Dall and Bartsch). Holotype.—No. 16212, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Chemnitzia caelata Carpenter PIS G3 se 14 Chemnitzia caelata Carpenter, 1864b, p. 538, Reprint, 1872, p. 24; 1865h, p. 400, Reprint, 1872, p. 294. Chemnitzia hypocurta Dall and Bartsch, 1906, p. 347 new name for C. caelata Carpenter, 1865h not Turbinella caelata Gould, 1861, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc., Vol. VII, p. 406. Turbinella (Pyrgiscus) favilla Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 78. Turbinella (Pyrgiscus) hypocurta (Dall), Hertlein and Strong, 1951, p. 94. Original description—Carpenter, 1865h, p. 400. C. testa satis magna, cinerea, elongata; anfr. nucl. ? ...; norm. xili., planatis, suturis vix impressis; costis radiantibus xx.-xxvill., rectis, haud semper convenientibus, subacutis, ad peripheriam subito truncatis; sulcis spiralibus in spira iv.-v., valde impressis, interstitia et costarum latera transeuntibus, juga haud superantibus; basi subito angustata, angulata, lirulis spiralibus circ. vi. ornata; apertura subquadrata; columella satis torta. Long. -35, long. spir. -3, lat. -09, div. 13°. Hab. West coast of North America (Jewett). This beautiful and unique shell was probably from Panama; but there was no locality-mark. It is remarkable for its deep furrows and 566 BULLETIN 21] the suddenly shortened and spirally sculptured base. It is much larger and broader than the northern C. Virgo, and differs in details of sculpture. Dall and Bartsch renamed in 1906 Carpenter’s Chemnitzia caelata because they thought it would be preoccupied by Turbinella caelata Gould. In 1909 they again renamed Carpenter's species for the same reason. Until the species is better known generically it seems best to retain the original name. The first name of Dall and Bartsch would be the one to use if necessary. Certainly not both names. The type is in the Redpath Museum. It was on a Carpenter glass mount labelled “unique type Jewett.” Holotype.—No. 3136, Redpath Museum, McGill University. Distribution.—Panama (?). Umbraculum ovale (Carpenter) Pl. 64, figs. 2-5 Umbrella ovalis Carpenter, 1856c, p. 161; 1857c, pp. 284, 313; 1860d, p. 5; 1864b, p. 566, Reprint, 1872, p. 52; Reeve, 1858, Conch. Icon., Umbrella, vol. XI, pl. 1, fig. 3. Umbraculum ovale (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1895, p. 177, pl. 70, fig. 61 copy Reeve; Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 108; M. Smith, 1944, p. 44, fig. 588; Keen, 1958, p. 504, fig. 1012. Original description Carpenter, 1956c, p. 161. 8. UMBRELLA OVALIS, n. s. U. testa “U. Indice” simili; sed margine haud undulato, regulariter ovali; apice spirali, subprominente, minus inequilaterali; epidermide tenui, haud nitente; adulta intus aurantia. Test. jun. long. 1-93, lat. 1-58 poll. Hab. Ad ostia fluminis Chiriqui, in Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. duo in Mus. Cuming. Concerning this remarkable shell, hitherto only found in the old world, and, in spite of the bulk of its animal, not observed by either Mr. Cum- ing, Prof. Adams, or Mr. Hinds, Mr. Cuming writes that it was not only brought by Mr. Bridges, but also by a gentleman in Paris, who col- lected it exactly in the same place. Two specimens are in Mr. Cuming’s collection, of which one, very much thickened, appears to have formed part of a much larger shell. Syntypes—Reg. No. 196313 BM (NH). Distribution.—Mouth of Chirique R., Panama (type). Melampus bridgesii Carpenter Pl. 67, figs. 14, 15 Melampus Bridgesit Carpenter, 1856c, p. 161; 1857c, pp. 284, 315; 1860d, p. 5; M. Smith, 1944, p. 45; Keen, 1958, p. 507 M. bridgesii synonym of M. tabogensis (C. B. Adams, 1852). Original description—Carpenter, 1856c, p. 161. 7. MELAMPUS BRIDGESII, n. s. M. testa parva, ovali, nigro-fusca, nitida; anfr. vili., sutura haud impressa, in spiram tenue spiraliter striulata; marginibus spire regulariter excurvatis; apertura pyriformi, labro acuto, nec calloso nec dentato; columella triplicata; plicis, antica spirali, CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyprEs: PALMER 567 obliqua; media acuta, transversa, subpariectali; postica parietali, parva. Long. -28, long. spir. -08, lat. -12 poll., div. utraque parte variante. Hab. Ad ora Sinus Panamensis; legit T. Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. Has the general appearance of M. Adamsianus, Pfr., from N. Ireland, but is much more slender, with a simple labrum. Holotype.—Reg. No. 196312 BM (NH). Distribution.—Panama (type). Williamia peltoides (Carpenter) Nacella peltoides Carpenter, 1864a, p. 474, Reprint, 1872, p. 213; 1864b, pp. 545, 618, Reprint, 1878, pp. 31, 104. Williamia peltoides (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 510, fig. 1033 copy Dall; Palmer, 1958, p. 259, pl. 25, figs. 15, 16 lectotype and paratype. See for synonymy, illustration, and discussion of types. Described from Cape St. Lucas specimens.—(Carpenter, 1864b) Original description — N. testa parva, levi, cornea, subdiaphana, ancyliformi, apice elevato, valde inequilaterali, strigis pallide castaneis, radiata; intus_niti- dissima, subaurantia. Long. -14, lat. -11, alt. -05 poll. = Nacella, sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 262, p. 202. Lectotype and paratype.—tLectotype, No. 4023 USNM; para- type, No. 1156, Redpath Museum. Distribution Cape St. Lucas (Xantus) (type). Monterey, California, through Gulf of California (Grant and Gale; Wood- ring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946). AMPHINEURA Acanthochiton arragonites (Carpenter) Pl. 68, tig. 1 Acanthochiton arragonites Carpenter, 1856, p. 198; 1857c, pp. 252, 318; 1860d, Pp. 6; 1864b, p. 622, Reprint, 1872, p. 108 Acanthochites; Palmer, 1945, p. 102 not type; Keen, 1958, p. 518. Acanthochites arragonites (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1893, p. 25. This species was described from Mazatlan by Carpenter and, therefore, the type should be in that collection in the British Museum (Natural History). There is in the Redpath Museum a specimen (No. 31) labelled by Carpenter “Acanthochiton arragon- ites Cpr type C. S. Lucas Xantus”. This specimen cannot be a type. An illustration of that speci- men is included. The figuring of the holotype belongs with that of the Mazatlan Collection. Holotype.—British Museum (Nat Hist.). Distribution.— Mazatlan, State of Sinoloa, west Mexico (type). Ischnochiton adamsii (Carpenter) Pl. 68, figs. 2-4 Lepidopleurus Adamsii Carpenter, 1864b, p. 551, Reprint, 1872, p. 37; 1865c, p. 274, Reprint, 1872, p. 265. 568 BULLETIN ?11 Lepidopleurus C. B. Adamsii Carpenter, Palmer, 1945, p. 100. Ischnochiton (Ishnochiton) adamsii (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892, p. 111, pl. 18, figs. 51-55; Keen, 1958, p. 520, fig. 11 copy Pilsbry. Ischnochiton adamsii (Carpenter, 1863) Leloup, 1961, p. 1, pl. I, fig. 1; pl. II, fig. 1; text figs. 1, 2. Original copy.—Carpenter, 1865c, p. 274. L. t. “L. dispari” simili; pallide rufo-fusca, colore intensiore irregular- iter strigata seu maculata; sepius maculis albidis regione diagonali ornata; jugo vix acuto,; arcis centralibus et valvis terminalibus con- spicue granulosis; areis lateralibus irregulariter verrucosis, verrucis plerumque lobatis; mucrone antico, vix conspicuo: intus, valvis centrali- ous uni-, terminalibus viii.-x.-fissis; subgrundis parvis, dentibus acutis; suturis medianis postice rectis, antice laminas haud attingentibus, sinu planato, latissimo: limbo pallii imbricatim squamoso. Long. -6, lat. -3 poll.; div. 110°. Variat verrucis minus expressis, simplicioribus. = Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad. no. 373, par. = Lophyrus adamsi, P. Z. S., 1863, p. 24. Unfortunately for those who do not like to remove the non-testaceous portion from their Chitons, as they do from their other shells, the mantle-margin by no means affords a safe clue to the structure of the valves. Among the species of the genus Ischnochiton, Gray, (= Lepido- pleurus, Add.,) known by the sharp incisor-teeth lying within a pro- jecting lip, there are three types of mantle-margin, which may be con- veniently separated as subgenera, to aid in the difficult task of describ- ing and identifying species. The typical forms, for which the name Ischnochiton should be retained, have the scales somewhat chaffy, and very finely striated. J. magdalensis and I. sanguineus well represent the group. But another series have the mantle-scales imbricate and strong, as in Chiton, Gray, (= Lophyrus, Add.,) from which they cannot be distinguished without dissection. For this Messrs. Adams’s name Lefid- opleurus may be retained in a restricted sense. It is uncertain what Risso’s original genus was meant to include: his diagnosis applies to all Chitons with distinct side-areas and scaly margins. A third group, separated by Dr. Gray in his ‘Guide,’ p. 182, as having the ‘“mantle-scales minute, granular,’ has been named Trachy- dermon: it abounds in the Californian region. The specimens of ZL. adamsii were found among the duplicates named Chiton dispar by the Professor; one was attached to Discina cumingil. Seven specimens were on the original Carpenter glass tile in the Redpath Museum, labelled “Lepidopleurus C. B. Adamsii Cpr. type on Discina Cumingii Panama. C. B. Adams 372.” Three speci- mens are figure herein. Dimensions.—Length, 13.6 mm.; width, 10--mm. Syntypes.—No. 42, Redpath Museum. Distribution.—Panama (type). Nicaragua to Panama (Keen). Ischnochiton conspicuus ‘(Dall)’, Pilsbry “Maugerella conspicua Carpenter” nomen nudum; in Dall, 1879, p. 296, pl. II, fig. 11; Palmer, 1945, p. 101. [Dall, 1879, U.S. Nat. Mus., Prroc., Vol. 1] CARPENTER MOLLUSGAN TyprEs: PALMER 369 Ishnochiton (Stenoplax) conspicuus Pilsbry, 1892, p. 63; Palmer, 195%, p. 270, pl. 35, figs. 1, 2. See for synonymy and discussion. The nomenclature of this species is involved, but Carpenter is not the author of this species. Specimens used by Dall which may be types are in the Redpath Museum and were illustrated by Palmer, 1958 (pl. 35, figs. 1, 2). “Tschnochiton cooperi var. acutior Carpenter’ nomen nudum; Palmer, 1945, p. 101. For discussion of this name and specimens in the Redpath Museum from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, see Palmer, 1958 (p. 274). The Redpath specimens were illustrated by Palmer (1958, pl. 34, figs. 1-6). If the species is given status it must be ascribed to Dall, 1919. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) serratus Carpenter Ischnochiton serratus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 315, Reprint, 1872, p. 213; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Lepidozona serrata (Carpenter), Keen, 1958, p. 526. Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) serratus (Carpenter), Palmer, 1958, p. 275, pl. 32, fig. 5 see for synonymy, discussion, and figure of paratype. Original description—Carpenter, 1864a, p. 315. I. testa parva, cinerea, olivaceo hic et illic, precipue ad suturas, punc- tata, interdum sanguineo maculata; ovali, subdepressa, suturis in- distinctis; tota superficie minutissime granulata; ar. diag. valde distinctis, costis latissimis obtusis ii.-v. munitis, interstitiis nullis; marginibus posticis eleganter serratis; ar. centr. costis acutis, paral- lelis, utroque latere circ. xii.; jugo obtuso, haud umbonato; costis transversis, subradiantibus, fenestrantibus, interstitiis impressis: mu- crone mediano, obtuso; valy. term. costis obtusis ut in ar. diag., circ. xx.; intus valvarum mediarum lobis bifissis, terminalium circ. ix.- fissis; lobis suturalibus magnis: limbo pallii squamis majoribus, im- bricatis, vix striatulis. Long. -34, lat. -2 poll., div. 115°. Differs from Elenensis in the sculpture of the terminal valves. Dimensions.—Paratype, length, 8 mm.; width, 7 mm. Holotype.—No. 16204, USNM (lost); paratype, No. 98, Red- path Museum. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (type); San Diego, California, to Gulf of California (Dall). Ischnochiton tenuisculptus (Carpenter) PI OM tiSSee les Lepidopleurus tenuisculptus Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 551, 553, Reprint, 1872 pp. 37, 39; 1865c, p. 275, Reprint, 1872, p. 266. Ischnochiton tenuisculptus (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892, p. 112; Keen, 1958 p. 521. > > Original description Carpenter, 1865c, p. 275. ; ; L. ¢. “L. adamsii” simili; olivacea, colore pallido seu intensiore minute 370 BULLETIN 21] variegata; tota superficie minute granulosa; areis lateralibus vix definitis; suturis plerumque albido maculatis; mucrone antico, satis conspicuo parte postica concava: intus, ut in “L. adamsii’ formata Variat: ¢. pallidore, ad jugum rufo-tincta. =Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad. no. 373, pars. The outside of this shell much resembles the young of Chiton (Lophyrus) stokesii, that specimens may have been distributed under that name. Very few individuals were found. There are two specimens in the Redpath Museum on Carpen- ter glass mounts with the label, “Lepidopleurus tenuisculptus Cpr. (type) C. B. Adams ms pars 373 ? = C. B. Adams, var.” Holotype——wNo. 126, Redpath Museum. Distribution.—Panama (type). Callistochiton elenensis (Sowerby) Chiton elenensis Sowerby, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 27 fide Pilsbry, 1892. Ischnochiton Elenensis Carpenter, 1864b, pp. 552, 553, 618, Reprint, 1872, pp. 38, 39, 104; 1865c, p. 275, Reprint, 1872, p. 266. Callistochiton elenensis (Sowerby), Pilsbry, 1892, p. 268, pl. 59, figs. 27, 28; Keen, 1958, p. 522, fig. 24 copy Pilsbry. Pilsbry surmised that the Carpenter species based on a Pana- ma specimen from the C. B. Adams collection was the Chiton elenensis Sowerby. Callistochiton expressus (Carpenter) Pl. 69, figs. 7, 8 Ischnochiton (? var.) expressus Carpenter, 1864b, p. 552, Reprint, 1872, p. 38; 1865c, p. 275, Reprint, 1872, p. 266; Palmer, 1945, p. 101. Callistochiton expressus (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892, p. 268; Keen, 1958, p. 522. Original description Carpenter, 1865c, p. 275. I. ¢. “I. elenensi” simili, sed carnea; areis centr. clathris x., distantibus, crebre decussatis, jugo acuto; ar. lat. costis ii., validissimis, angustis, tuberculis angustis: intus marginibus suturalibus posticis planatis, haud tuberculosis, haud sinuatis; lam. insert. ut antea, sinu angusto, ad jugum angulato. Valva antica costis x., validis, angustis: intus ut antea, sed fissuris viii. Valva postica mucrone postico, planato; parte postica ex- pansa, haud concava, costis circ. vii. validissimis: intus lamina circ. vii.-fissa, subgrunda planata. With a strong general resemblance to J. elenensis, the differences in detail in the only two specimens examined, as above stated, appear of specific importance. If only varietal, it is equally important to notice how much change is tolerated by the habits of the animal. It may be the shell called Chiton clathratus by Prof. Adams, of which there were no duplicates to compare. It offers a still more marked transition to Callochiton, the margin of the posterior valve being somewhat pec- tinated by the great projection of the ribs. One specimen in the Carpenter Collection, Redpath Museum (No. 38) is labelled “type Panama C. B. Adams No. 395 rare os CARPENTER MOLLUSGCAN TyprEs: PALMER 571 Comp. Chaetopleura jun.” The specimen is figured herein. The specimen is not complete, consisting of only six separate mounted plates and part of the girdle. FHolotype.—No. 38, Redpath Museum. Distribution.—Panama (type). Callistochiton pulchellus (Gray) PAL py tikety il oe Chiton pulchellus Gray, 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica, pt. 1, p. 6, t. 3, fig. 9. “Callochiton” pulchellus: diagn. auct. Carpenter, 1857c, p. 317; 1860d, p. 5; 1863, p. 362, Reprint, 1872, p. 198; 1865c, p. 276, Reprint, 1872, p. 267. Callistochiton pulchrior Carpenter MS. [nomen nudem], Pilsbry, 1898, p. 272, pl. 59, figs. 21-26 = C. pulchellus Gray, 1828; Palmer, 1945, p. 101. Original description—Carpenter, 1865c, p. 276. “CALLOCHITON” PULCHELLUS: diagn. auct. Extus areis centr. lineis interdum parallelis, interdum radiantibus, rugose scrobiculatis; ar. lat. costis ii.. validissimis, imbricato-nodosis: valva antica costis similibus circ. ix.: v. post. area centrali lata; mu- crone subpostico, planato,; parte postica costis vii. similibus, medianis curtissimis, excurvatis: pallio squamulis minutis @mbricatis. Intus v. ant. subgrunda (ut in Ischnochitone) munita, sed a costis pectinata; denti- bus acutis, intus linea undulata secundum costas instructa, extus con- cavis, parte convexa costarum incisis: v. medianis similiter pectinatis, laminis secundum costas diag. uniscissis: laminis suturalibus medio continuis, late sinuatis; suturis posticis a sculptura externa granulatis: v. post. vii.-lobata, marginibus planatis, laminis dense compressis in- crassatis,; dentibus obtusissimis, appressis, haud extantibus subobsoletis, extrorsum planatis, ut in v. ant. fissis; interdum fissuris quoque in par- tibus concavis. As I have seen no published diagnosis of the very peculiar type of insertion-plates observed in this species, which has hitherto been too rare to allow working naturalists an opportunity of dissection, I have given a minute description. The plates of insertion, as well as the exterior eaves, are scalloped by the strong ribs, and alternate with them. In the posterior valve the eaves are flattened outwards, in closely appressed layers, the blunt, ill-developed insertion-teeth lying flat upon them. The valves easily separate from the mantle, when immersed in water. Outside, the species is easily recognized by the two strong ribs of the diagonal areas, the central pitted in somewhat branching rows, and the ribs on the curiously flattened posterior valve resembling a clenched fist. There are six specimens in Redpath Museum (No. 47) which are labelled “C. pulchior Cpr. type No. 375 Panama C. B. Adams = pulchellus C. B. Adams non Gray (on C. neara var. Lessonii C. B. Adams 348)”. One small specimen is marked.* Apparently Carpenter did not use the specimen in the Adams collection which he had indicated in 1863 but chose specimens in his own collection for the description of the species. The syn- types illustrate the features which Carpenter pointed out. 372 BULLETIN 211 Pilsbry (1898) made no reservations about including Carpen- ter’s pulchellus and pulchrior under Callistochiton pulchellus (Gray). Included herein is a photograph of one of the “syntypes” of “C. pulchrior Cpr. MS” which appears to confirm Pilsbry’s judg- ment. This discussion is not to describe C. pulchellus (Gray) but only to include the data concerning the Carpenter material. Dimensions—Length, 8 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. (largest speci- men, Redpath Mus. No. 47). Specimens.—No. 47, Redpath Museum (C. pulchrior Cpr. MS.). Distribution.—Panama (C. pulchrior Cpr. MS). Chaetopleura parallela (Carpenter) Pl. 70, figs. 5, 6 Ischnochiton parallelus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314, Reprint, 1872, p. 212; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104; Keen, 1958, p. 524 in synonymy of Chaeto- pleura lurida Sowerby. Chaetopieura parallela (Carpenter),Oldreyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 287; Palmer, 1945, p. 100; Palmer, 1958, p. 267. See Palmer for synonymy and description of types. The illus- trations of the types are included herein. Original description —Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314. I. testa ovata, subelevata (ad angulum 120°); rufo-fusca, olivaceo tincta; valvis latis, marginibus parum rotundatis, interstitiis parvis; valvis intermediis valde insculptis; areis lateralibus seriebus granu- lorum a jugo radiantibus circiter vi.; interdum irregularibus, granis rotundatis, separatis, extantibus; areis centralibus clathris creberri- mis, jugo parallelis, horridis, extantibus, interdum granulosis, or- natis; valvis terminalibus seriebus granulorum, circ. xx., interdum bifurcantibus, ut in areis lateralibus, ornatis; mucrone vix conspicuo; limbo pallii angusto, pilulis furvicaceis creberrimis minutis conferto; lobis valvarum bifidis, terminalibus fissuris circ. xi. a parte externa simplici disjunctis. Long. -7, lat. -48, alt. -16 poll. Belongs to the group with minute setose scales. The original material consists of one specimen in the U.S. National Museum and one specimen in the Redpath Museum. The USNM type has a label, “Chaetopleura lurida Sby var. parallelus Cpr cotype”. Another label by Dall was included with the specimen “Chaetopleura scabriculus Sby (Probably = colum- biensis Sby) = parallela Cpr (type). The specimen is encrusted with Bryozoa which cover the sculpture. In the exposed middle portion the ridges are parallel. ‘The sides are crossed by beaded ridges. The sculpture is more clearly seen on the syntype in the Redpath Museum. The Redpath specimen is on an original Car- CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyPEs: PALMER 373 penter glass mount labelled “type C.S. Lucas Xantus == ? Colum- biensis’’. Dimensions.—Length, 21 mm.; width, 13 mm., USNM syntype. Syntypes—No. 4017, USNM; No. 46, Redpath Museum. Distribution Cape St. Lucas (type). San Diego, California, to Cape San Lucas, Lower California (Dall). West Colombia (Burch). Chaetopleura prasinatus (Carpenter) Pl. 70, fig. 4 Ischnochiton (? var.) prasinatus Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314, Reprint, 1872, p. 213; 1864b, p. 618, Reprint, 1872, p. 104. Chaetopleura lurida Sowerby var. prasinata (Carpenter), Pilsbry, 1892, p. 34. Chaetopleura prasinata (Carpenter), Dall, 1921, p. 193; Oldroyd, 1927, vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 287; Burch, 1947, No. 68, p. 4 cf.; Keen, 1958, p. 524 copy Pilsbry; Palmer, 1958, p. 267 which see. Original copy—Carpenter, 1864a, p. 314. I. testa I. parallelo forma et indole simili, sed vivide viridi; ar. diag. seriebus bullularum irregulariter ornatis; ar. centr. clathris valde ex- tantibus, acutis, jugo obtuso parallelis, utroque@latere circ. xvi.; valv. term. seriebus bullularum circ. xvili.; mucrone submediano, incon- spicuo; umbonibus haud prominentibus; tota superficie minutissime granulosa: intus valvyarum lobis mediarum i.-term. circiter x.-fissis; sinu lato, planato; suturis planatis; limbo pallii angusto, minutissime squamulis furvicaceis creberrime instructo; interdum pilulis inter- calatis. Long. -8, lat. -4 poll., div. 125°. The original matter in the USNM consists of eight separate plates and three fragments. The included photograph is of the assembled plates. It shows radiating rows of rounded pimples with alternating dark and light bands. The vertically raised ribs on the middle plates are crossed by oblique partially and irregularly nodose rays. Dimensions.—Widest plates, width, 10 mm.; height, 4 mm. Holotype.—No. 15892, USNM. Distribution.—Cape St. Lucas (type). San Diego, California, to Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (Dall). Pallochiton lanuginosus Dall or Pilsbry Hemphillia langinosus Carpenter MS. nomen nudum, Palmer, 1945, p. 101. For synonymy, illustration, and discussion of the nomenclature of this species see Palmer, 1958 (p. 268). A “syntype” of one of the specimens probably used by Dall in the study of Carpenter's manu- script notes was illustrated by Palmer (1958, pl. 27, fig. 7 Red- path Museum). 574 BULLETIN 211 The type locality is Lower California, the subarea of which will be settled by the decision of authorship of the specific name. “Lepidopleurus pectinulatus” Carpenter and “Lepidopleurus pectinatus” Car- penter For discussion of these names see Palmer, 1958 (p. 272, pl. 31, figs. 5, 6). A specimen in the Redpath Museum No. 70 is labelled “type La Paz Pease’’. As pointed out in 1958 the label must be an crror or mixed. SPECIFIC NAMES MISAPPLIED TO CARPENTER Cytharella aculea Dall The name C. aculea given by Dall (1919, p. 74, Cat. No. 73994 USNM) for a turrid species was suggested by a manuscript name of Carpenter. Dall pointed this out, ““The name was suggested by Doctor Carpenter’. Labels in collections attributed to Carpenter should be credited to Dall as Carpenter never described the species. Crassispira melcherst (“Cpr.”) in M. Smith, 1944, page 39 should be Menke, 1851, Zeit. Mal., p. 20 not Carpenter. Dentalium semipolitum “Carpenter” in Stearns, 1894, p. 158 not Carpenter = Broderip and Sowerby, 1829 (p. 369). Ocinebra (Muricidea) squamulifer “Carpenter”, Stearns, 1894, p- 185; “Muricidea squamulifera Pfeiffer’, M. Smith, 1939, p. 11. Not Carpenter. Carpenter’s specific name was squamulata. See Muricopsis squamulata herein. NOMINA NUDA “Modiola planata” Carpenter isa nomen nudum (Palmer, 1958, p. 73). The name was never described or mentioned in literature by Carpenter. It was used by Tomlin (1928, Jour. Conch., vol. 18, No. 7, p. 192) in a list but the species was not described by Tom- lin hence it remains a nomen nudum as of Tomlin also. Tomlin stated that he had taken the name from the British Museum (Na- tural History) collection. Three specimens (double valves) labelled by Carpenter “MS. type Beach at Panama Bradley’, are in the Redpath Museum No. 108. The labels of the specimens in the two museums ought to have the name deleted. Manuscript names creep CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyPEs: PALMER 375 into literature, as in the case of Tomlin, and cause unnecessary search by workers. “Lucina capax” nomen nudum. Lucina capax Carpenter, 1864a, p. 553, Reprint, 1872, p. 39 not “69” as in Dall; Lucina (Diplodonta ?) capax Carpenter, Dall, 1901a, pp. 796, 802 Panama. This name is a nomen nudum. It appeared only in one of Carpenter’s lists and was never described. Chione undatostriata Carpenter is a nomen nudum (Palmer, 1945, p. 99). There is a specimen in the Carpenter Collection, Redpath Museum, No. 113 labelled “Chione undatostriata Cpr. type Todos Santos Bay Hemphill’. The species was never described by Carpen- ter. Tellina amplectans Carpenter, 1864b, is a nomen nudum. Tellina (Angulus) amplectens Carpenter, 1864b, p. 669, Reprint 1872, p. 155; 1865d, p. 279, Reprint, 1872, p. 272. Carpenter in 1865d, page 279 corrected the name (Tellina decumbens which see herein) by stating, ““The name was printed by an oversight in Brit. Assoc. Rept. 1863, p. 669, as A. amplectens; but as it was unaccompanied by a diagnosis, and does not describe the shell, no confusion will arise from reverting to the name first given’. Phasianella rubrilineata Strong Phasianella rubrilineata Carpenter is a nomen nudum. The name was validated by Strong, (1928, p. 197). See Palmer, 1958, page 150. “Cerithium rissoinoides Cpr.” is a nomen nudum. There is a specimen in the USNM, No. 56023 which is labelled “Cerithium rissoinoides Cpr. type Gulf of Cal. Stearns’. The writing is Carpen- ter’s, and one label states “‘unique type”. Apparently a description of the shell did not mature. Rhizocheilus distans Carpenter is a nomen nudum. Rhizocheilus distans Carpenter, 1857b, Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 484 foot- note variety of “R. niveus, A. Ad.”; 1863, p. 344, Reprint, 1872, p. 180; 1864b, pp. 548, 549, Reprint, 1872, pp. 34, 35. Coralliophila distans (Carpenter), Tomlin, 1927, p. 164 zomen nudum. 376 BULLETIN 211 The name Rhizocheilus distans was first mentioned by Carpen- ter in a footnote in the Mazatlan Catalogue and thereafter in his writings, but Carpenter never published a description to go with the name. The name, therefore, remains a nomen nudum. “Mazatlania limans Carpenter” in Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932, p. 118 Acapulco is a nomen nudum. Carpenter did not describe or name such a species. It probably is supposed to be the same as “Euryta limans Cpr.” which is apparently a manuscript name at- tached to a shell in the USNM, No. 56306. This name is also a nomen nudum. The specimen has a label “Euryta [filosa marked out] limans Gulf Stearns type’. Pilsbry may have seen this speci- men and used the name thinking Carpenter had described the form. Mazatlania was a name Dall (1900) composed to replace Euryta Adams, 1853 which was preoccupied by that of Gistl, 1848. Polinices (var.) fusca Carpenter is a nomen nudum. It was in- dicated by Carpenter in 1864b (pp. 523, 625 Reprint, 1872, pp. 9, 110) as “Natica otis [var. = fusca, Cpr.]”” page 523 and “Polinices otis et var fusca. Rare; dead.” from Panama, Acapulco, Mazatlan, and Galapagos, page 625. Tryon, 1886, page 44 (pl. 12, fig. 2) placed it asa synonym of Natica otis Broderip and Sowerby, 1829, as did Stearns, 1894 (p. 196). BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Arthur 1854. Descriptions of new shells from the collection of H. Cuming Esq. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. for 1853, pp. 69-74 [usually bound as 1853]. Adams, Chas. B. 1852. Catalogue of shells collected at Panama with notes on synonymy, station and habitat. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist.. New York, vol. 5, pp. 222-296; pp. 297-549. Reprinted New York, pp. VIII + 334 with title. Catalogue of shells collected at Panama with notes on their synonymy, station, and geographic distribution. Arnold, Ralph 1903. The paleontology and stratigraphy of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, Cal. California Acad. Sci. Mem. III, 420 pp., 37 pls. 1906. The Tertiary and Quaternary Pectens of California. U. S. Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 47, 264 pp., 53 pls., 2 text figs. Baker, Fred, Hanna, G. Dallas, and Strong, A. M. 1928. Some Pyramidellidae from the Gulf of California. California Acad. Sci., Proc., 4th ser., vol. XVII, No. 7, pp. 205-246, pls. 11, 12. 1930a. Some rissoid Mollusca from the Gulf of California. California Acad. Sci., Proc., 4th ser., vol. 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The zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher ... during the years 1836- 42. Vol. II. Mollusca. Pts. 1-3, 72 pp., 21 pls. For dates see Keen, 1958 and Palmer, 1958 bibliography. Keep, Josiah 1887. West Coast Shells. San Francisco, 230 pp., 182 text figs. Keen, Angeline Myra 1958. Sea shells of tropical west America. Stanford University Press, 624 pp. 10 pls. 606 + 12 + 1037 + 51 figs. 1961. A proposed reclassification of the gastropod family Vermetidae. Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), vol. 7, No. 3, 214 pp., 1 pl. Lamy, Edouard 1909. Pelecypodes recuelillis par M. L. Diguet dans le Golfe de Cali- fornia. Jour. de Conchyl., vol. LVII, pp. 207-254. 1913. Revision des Scrobiculariidae vivants du Museum d’Histoire Natu- relle de Paris. Jour. de Conchyl., vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 243-368. 1920. Revision des Lucinacea vivants du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 2e pt. Jour. de Conchyl., vol. LXV, No. 2, pp. 169-222. 382 BULLETIN 211 Leach, W. E. 1847. In Gray, J. E. The classification of the British Mollusca by W. E. Leach, 1818. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. XX, pp. 267-273. Leloup, E. 1961. Ischnochiton adamsit (Carpenter, 1863) .. . Inst. roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Bull., t. 37, No. 18, pp. 1-4, pls. 1, 2. von Martens, Edward (1890) -1901. ees eae Americana. Land and Freshwater Mol- lusca. 706 pp., 44 Menke, Karl Theodor jeerele Theodoro | 1847. Verziechniss einer Sendung von Conchylien von Mazatlan, mit einigen kritischen Bermerkungen. Zeit. fir Malak., 4 Jarhgang, pp. 177-191. 1851, 1852. Conchylien von Mazatlan, mit kritischen Anmerkungen. Zeit. fiir Malak., No. 11, pp. 161-173; No. 12, pp. 177-190, 1850; 8th Jahr- gang, No. 3, pp. 33-38. Montagu, George 1803. 1808. Testacea, or natural history of British shells. Marine, land and freshwater, including the most minute; systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Two vols., I-XXVI + 1-610 pp., XVI pls.; Suppl. 1808, 183 pp., pls. XX VII-XXX. Montfort, Pierre Denys de 1808-1810. Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles ... T. 1. Coquilles univalves, cloisonnées. 409 pp., fig. 1808; t. 2, Coquilles univalves, non cloisonnees. 676 pp., fig. 1810. Mérch, Otto Andreas Lowson 1860, 1861. Beitrage zur Mollusken Central-Amerika’s. Malak. Blatter fiir 1859, Bd. 6. pp. 102-126; Bd. 7, pp. 66-106; 170-213. Oldroyd, Ida Shepherd 1924-1927. The marine shells of the west coast of North America. Pele- cypoda and Brachiopoda. Vol. 1, 247 pp., 57 pls., 1924; Scaphopods and gastropods. Vol. II, pt. I, 297 pp., 29 pls., 1927; pt. II, 304 pp., pls. 30-72: pt. III, 339 pp. pls. 73-108, 1927. Olsson, Axel A. 1961. Mollusks of the tropical eastern Pacific particularly from the southern half of the Panamic-Pacific faunal province (Panama to Peru). Panamic-Pacific Pelecypoda. Paleontological Research Institu- tion, Ithaca, N. Y., 574 pp., 86 pls. d‘Orbigny, Alcide 1845-[1853 ?]. In Sagra. Historia fisica, politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba por D. Ramon de la Sagra. Pt. II. Historia natural T. V., Molus- cos. Pp. 1-376, pl. 1-28 (Recent) ; pls. 1-8 fossil. Roy 4 to Paris. Issued at same time as French ed. Pace, S. 1902. Contributions to the study of the Columbellidae. Malacol. Soc. London, Proc., vol. 5, pp. 36-154. Palmer, Katherine Van Winkle — 1945. Molluscan types in the Carpenter Collection in the Redpath Mu- seum. Nautilus, vol. 58, pp. 97-102. 1951. Catalog of the first duplicate series of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan shells in the State Museum at Albany, New York. New York State Mus., Bull. No. 342, 79 pp., 1 pl. 1958. Type specimens of marine Mollusca described by P. P. Carpenter from the West Coast (San Diego to British Columbia). Geol. Soe. Amer., Mem. 76, 376 pp., 35 pls. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyPrESs: PALMER 583 Pease, William Harper 1868. Synonymy of marine gasteropodae inhabiting Polynesia. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. IV, Pt. 3, pp. 103-132. Pilsbry, Henry Augustus 1888. Manual of Conchology. Vol 10, pt.2, Phasianellinae, Turbinidac Delphinulinaec. Pp. 161-290, pls. 37-69. 1889. Ibid. Vol. 11, Trochidac, Stomatiidac, Pleuromartidae, Haliotidac, Scutellinidae, 519 pp., 67 pls. 1890. Ibid. Vol. 12, Stomatellidae, Scissurellidac, Pleurotomariidac, Halio- tidae, Scutellinidae, Addisontidae, Cocculinidac, Fissurellidae. 323 pp., 65 pls. 1891. Ibid. Vol. 13. Acmacidae, Lepetidac, Patellidae, Titiscaniidac. 195 pp., 74 pls. 1892, 1893. Ibid. Vol. 14. Polyplacophora. Lepidopleuridac, Ischnochitoni- dae, Chitonidae, Mopaliidae. 350 pp., 68 pls. 1893. Ibid. Vol. 15. Acanthochitidae, Cryptoplacidae and Appendix. Tec- tibranchiata. 436 pp., 61 pls. 1895, 1896. Ibid. Vol. 16. Philinidae, Gastropteridae, Aglajidac, A plysii- dae, Oxynoeidac, Runcinidae, Umbraculidae, Pleurobranchidae. 262 pp., 74 pls. 1898. Note on the subgenus Eucosmia Cpr. Nautilus, vol. 12, No. 5, p. 60. Pilsbry, H. A. and Johnson, C. W. . 1891. Catalogue of Fissurellidae of the United States. Nautilus, vol. 5 No. 9, pp. 102-107. Pilsbry, H. A., and Lowe, H. N. 1932. West Mexican and Central American mollusks collected by H. N. Lowe, 1929-1931. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc. vol. LXXXIV, pp. 33-144, 17 pls. 1934. West American Chamidae, Periploma, and Glycymeris. Nautilus, vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 81-86, pl. 8, figs. 1-3, 6, 7. Recluz, C. A. 1844. Description of new species of Navicella, Neritina, Nerita, and Natica, in the cabinet of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. for 1843, pp. 197-214. Reeve, Lovell Augustus 1846. Conchologia Iconica. Vol. 3, Buccinum, 14 pls. 1858. Ibid. Vol. 11, Umbrella, pl. 1; Calyptraea, 8 pls. 1859. Ibid. Vol. 11, Columbella, 37 pls. 1863. Ibid. Vol. 14, Dione, 12 pls. 1874. Ibid. Vol 20, Pandora, 3 pls. Risso, Joseph Antoine 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méri- dionale et particuliérement de celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes ... Five vols. Vol 4. Apercu sur Vhistoire des mollusques qui vivent sur les bords de la Méditerranée boréale et des coquilles, terrestres fluviatiles, et marines, subfossiles, fossiles et pétrifiees, qui gisent dans les diverses formations des Alpes maritimes. VII + 439 pp., 12 pls. Robertson, Robert 1958. The family Phasianellidae in the western Atlantic. Johnsonia, vol. 3, No. 37, pp. 245-284, pls. 136-148. 1962. Vanikoro Quoy and Gaimard, 1832 (Mollusca, Gastropoda); pro- posed validation under the Plenary Powers. Z. N. (S) 1524. Bull. Zool. Nomencl., vol. 19, pt. 5, pp. 332-336. Smith, Maxwell 1939. An illustrated catalog of the Recent species of the rock shells. Muricidae, Thaisidae and Coralliophilidae. Tropical Laboratory, Lan- tana, Fla., 83 pp., 21 pls. 1944. Panamic marine shells. Synonymy, nomenclature, range and illus- trations. Winter Park, Fla., 127 pp., 912 figs. 554 BULLETIN 211 Sowerby, George Brettingham (“1st of the name’’) 1833-1834. Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera, col- lected by Mr. Cuming. Zool. Soc. London, Proc., pt. 1, pp. 6-8, 16-22, 34-38, 52-56, 70-74, 82-85, 134-139. 1835. Characters of and observations on new genera and species of Mollusca and Conchifera collected by Mr. Cuming. Zool. Soc. London, Proc., pt. III, pp. 4-7, 21-23, 41-47, 49-51, 84-85, 93-96, 109-110. Sowerby, George Brettingham, Jr. (“‘2d of the name’’) 1841. On some new species of the genus Cardium, chiefly from the col- lection of H. Cuming, Esq. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. for 1840, pt. VIII, pp. 105-111. 1868. In Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, vol. 17, Tellina, 58 pls. 1874. In Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, Vol. 19, Pandora, 3 pls. Stearns, Robert Edwards Carter 1894. Report on the mollusk-fauna of the Galapagos Islands with des- cription of new species. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. for 1893, vol. 16, pp. 353-450, 1 pl., 1 map. 1894. The shells of the Tres Marias and other localities along the shores of Lower California and the Gulf of California. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 17, pp. 139-204. Strong, A. M. 1928. West American Mollusca of the genus Phasianella. California Acad. Sci., Proc., ser. 4, vol. XVII, No. 6, pp. 187-202, pl. 10. 1940-1951. See Hertlein, L. G., and Strong, A. M. Strong, A. M., Hanna, G. D., and Hertlein, L. G. 1933. The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932. No. 10. Marine Mollusca from Acapulco, Mexico with notes on other species. California Acad. Sci. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 21, No. 10, pp. 117-130, pls. 5, 6. Strong, A. M., and Lowe, H. N. 1936. West American species of the genus Phos. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, No. 22, pp. 305-320, pl. 22. Soot-Ryen, Tron 1955. A report on the family Mytilidae (Pelecypoda). Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 20, No. 1, 174 pp., 10 pls. Tomlin, J. R. le Brocton 1927, 1928. The Mollusca of the ‘St. George’ Expedition. (1) The Pacific Coast of S. America. Jour. Conch., vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 153-170; No. 7, pp. 187-198. ara 1935. Catalogue of Recent Latiaxis. Jour. Conch., vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 180-183. Tryon, George Washington, Jr. ae. 1869. Catalogue and synonymy of the genera, species and varteties. Pt. Ze Saxicavidae, Myidae, Corbulidae, Tellinidae. Conch. Sec. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 58-126. ay : 1880. Manual of Conchology ... Vol. 2. Muricinae, Purpurinae. 289 pp., 70 pls. ss 1881. Ibid. Vol. 3. Tritonidae, Fusidae, Buccinidae. 310 pp., 87 pls. 1883. Ibid. Vol. 5. Marginellidae, Olividae, Columbellidae. 276 pp., 63 pls. 1884. Ibid. Vol. 6. Conidae, Pleurotomidae. 413 pp., 34 pls. 1886. Ibid. Vol. 8. Naticidae, Calyptraeidae, Turritellidae, V ermetidae, Caecidae, Eulimidae, Turbonillidae, Pyramidellidae. 461 pp., 79 pls. 1887. Ibid. Vol. 9. Solariidae [Marshall], lanthinidae, Trichotropidae, Scalariidae, Cerithiidae, Rissoidae, Littorinidae. 488 pp., 71 pls. rner, Ruth D. f i 1956. The eastern Pacific marine mollusks described by C. B. Adams. Occ. Papers Moll., vol. 2, No. 20, 115pp., 21 pls. Weinkauff, H. C. : 1887. Die Familie Pleurotomidae. Abt. 1, Systematisches Conchylien— Cabinet von Martini and Chemnitz. 248 pp., A + 42 pls. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN [Typrs: PALMER 585 Winckworth, R. 1934. Names of British Mollusca—I; III. Jour. Conch., vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 9-15; pp. 51-53. Woodring, Wendell Phillips, Bramlette, M. N., and Kew, W. S. W. 1946. Geology and paleontology of Palos Verdes Hills, California. U. S. Starting on page 228, sheet 398, published on 5th Feb. 1856 Geol. Sur., Prof. Paper 207, V + 145 p., 37 pls., text figs., maps. Zoological Society of London 1856, 1857. Proceedings (Part 23) Starting on page 3, sheet 301, published on 16th June, 1856 Starting on page 159, sheet 310, published on 11th Novy. 1856 Starting on page 166, sheet 311, published on 11th Noy. 1856 Starting on page 198, sheet 313, published on 7th Jan. 1857 Starting on page 209, sheet 134, published on 26th Jan. 1857 Starting on page 313, sheet 320, published on 10th Mar. 1857 (Part 24) 4 ies pee) Phe ae, fi a 7 s) a oy a Mi Viva hha ¥ ehh aes apuintesctais. * ei ay BS Aye ae oe Bac eekune Brel At Wat Jatt DY Piss a Ane ie PLATES 388 BULLETIN 21] EXPLANATION OF PLATE 58 Figure Page 1-6. Aequipecten (Leptopecten) tumbezensis (d’Orbigny) ................ 303 Pecten paucicostatus (Carpenter) syntypes. Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, No. 121 Redpath Mus.; figs. 2, 3. No. 15643b USNM. Figs. 1, 4. Length, 24 mm.; height, 25 mm. Figs. 5, 6. Length, 21 mm.; height, 21 mm. Figs. 2, 4. Measurements, see text. PLATE 58 Buu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 < = AP ig} 5 : ‘ rae PLATE 59 BuLL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 Figure 1-5. 6-8. 9-11. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyPEsS: PALMER 389 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 59 Page Lucina (Callucina) lingualis Carpenter ..................... iy ok 304 Figs. 1-3. Syntype, No. 114 Redpath Mus. Length, 10 mm.; height, 11 mm.; thickness (double), 6 mm. Figs. 4, 5. No. 15898 USNM. Cape St. Lucas. Lucina (Pleurolucina) undatoides Hertlein .......................... . 306 Lucina undata Carpenter. Syntypes, No. 122 Redpath Mus. Length, 11 mm.; height, 10 mm.; thickness (both valves), 6+ mm. Gulf of California. Pitar (Hyphantosoma) pollicaris (Carpenter) Holotype, No. 12721 USNM x 1. Cape St. Lucas. ae 308 390 Figure 1, 2, 10. 3-9. BULLETIN 211 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 60 Page Scrobiculina ochracea (Carpenter) ....................0:0ccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeees 316 Holotype, No. 12584 USNM x 1. Cape St. Lucas. Elpidollina decumbens (Carpenter) .......0.0.0.00000ccccccccccseesereeeeeeeeeeees 315 Figs. 3-6. Syntypes, No. 16101 USNM x 1; (fig. 5, No. not corrected to 16101 as on fig. 6). Figs. 7, 8. Syntypes, No. 2374 Redpath Mus., length, 43.5 mm.; height, 30 mm.; thickness, 7 mm. Fig. 9. Syntypes, No. 2374, Redpath Mus. Not same specimens as figs 7, 8; length, 43 mm.; height, 29 mm.; thick- ness 7 mm. PLATE 60 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 Buty. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN Typrs: PALMER 459] EXPLANATION OF PLATE 61 Figure Page 1,2. Pseudomelatoma penicillata (Carpenter) oe 360 Holotype, No. 6320 USNM x 1 1/2. Cerros I’s. 3. Alvania albolirata (Carpenter) .. 336 Holotype, No. 16216 USNM x 15. Cape St. Lucas. 3. Crassispira appressa (Carpenter) .................. ap at! 357 Holotype, No. 4087 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. 5. Alvania electrina (Carpenter) ..........0............ ate yoo Holotype, No. 16217 USNM x 15. Cape St. Lucas. 6. Littorina pullata Carpenter 0. ate Ata 335 Syntype, No. 12661 USNM x 2. Cape St. Lucas. 7. Littorina dubiosa penicillata CAUCE” Scot coker ae: ; 334 Syntype, No. 4058 USNM x 2. Cape St. Lucas. 8-10. Pseudochama inermis (Dall) .22.......0.00.00000ccccccceececccecccceeee 307 Holotype, No. 24108 USNM x 1. Panama. 11,12. Lucina (Cavilinga) prolongata Carpenter 00... 305 No. 3988 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. 13,14. “Circe” margarita Carpenter 2.000000 311 No. 3982 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. 392 Figure iL, PA. 3-6. 7-10. BULLETIN 21] EXPLANATION OF PLATE 62 Callistochiton pulchellus (Gray) .........0.000000ccccceccceeteeeeeee eee 371 Syntype, “C. pulchior Cpr. MS”, No. 47, Redpath Museum. Figs. 1, 2. Same specimen. Length, 8 mm.; height, 4.5 mm. Panama. Psammotreta dombei (Hanley) .........................0.:cccccccceeececeeeeseee 317 Holotype ? Scrobicularia producta Carpenter, No. 19621113 BM(NH). Length, 45 mm.; height, 36 mm. Gulf of Cali- fornia. Scrobiculina viridotincta (Carpenter) ......... DE oi teds oh ncicoenen 317 Holotype, Reg. No. 19621115 BM(NH). 7. Length, 50 mm.; height, 35 mm.; 8, 10. Length, 49 mm.; height, 35 mm.; 9. Length, 48 mm. +; height, 34 = mm. Panama. —————— BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 62 PLATE 63 BuLu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 Figure eae 3, 4. 5, 6. Ty tsh 1 12, 13. 14, 15. 1G. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TYPES: PALMER EXPLANATION OF PLATE 63 Calyptraea subrefexa (Carpenter) ..... ei: ae Possible paratype, Reg. No. 1961122 BM(NH). Length, 16 mm. Gulf of California. Caducifer crebristriatus (Carpenter) ... Holotype, Reg. 19621120 BM(NH). Length, 18 mm. Panama Bay. Epitonium (Foveoscala) reflexa (Carpenter) ......... x Holotype, Reg. No. 1962116 BM(NH). Length, 16 mm. San Blas. Acirsa menesthoides Carpenter 2.0.0.0... Possible paratype, Reg. No. 19621120 BM(NH). Length, 4 mm. Cape St. Lucas. H. Cuming Coll. Tricolia carpenteri Dall Possible paratype Eucosmia punctata Carpenter, Reg. No. 19621123 BM(NH). Greatest diametef 1.5 mm. Cape St. Lucas. Chemnitzia caelata Carpenter Holotype, No. 3136 Redpath Mus. Length, 9 mm.; greatest diameter, 2 mm. Panama? Mactra lacinata Carpenter Holotype, left valve, Reg. No. 19621117 BM(N YH). Length, 14 mm. Panama Bay. Mactra lacinata Carpenter Holotype, right valve, Reg. No. 19621117 BM(NH). Length, 12 mm. Thracia squamosa Carpenter Specimen, No. 15885 USNM x6. 59% Page 344 352 394 Figure 1. 2, 3. 4,5. 6-9. 10-13. BULLETIN 211 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 64 Tagelus violascens (Carpenter) ......................... MES Be St she Holotype, Reg. No. 1857.6.4.2531 BM(NH); x 1. Umbraculum ovale (Carpenter) .2......00.000000ccccceceeccceecteeeeeeee reese Syntype, Reg. No. 196313 BM(NH). Fig. 2. Interior x 1. Fig. 3. Exterior x 1. Umbraculum ovale (Carpenter) 0.0.0.0... Syntype, Reg. No. 196313 BM(NH). Fig. 4. Interior x 1. Fig. 5. Exterior x 1. Semele planata Carpenter .2....00000000..00...cccccccc cece ceec ccc ce eects Holotype, Reg. No. 196311 BM(NH). Figs. 6, 7. Left valve x 1. Figs. 8, 9. Right valve x 1. Cyclinella producta (Carpenter) .........00.0.0.00.0 Holotype, Reg. No. 19621112 BM(NH). Figs. 10, 11. Left valve. Figs. 12, 13. Right valve. Length, 40+ mm.; height, 40= mm. BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 64 PLATE 65 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 Figure 1. 4, 5. 12-14. 15-17. 18-20. 21-23. 24-26. 27-29. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN TyPkEs: PALMER 395 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 65 Page Haplocochlias cyclophoreus Carpenter MM ee cols He 326 Syntype, No. 18112 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. Haplocochlias cyclophoreus Carpenter 0.00... Syntype, No. 18112 USNM x 6. Another specimen than fig. 1. Cape St. Lucas. Assiminea compacta (Carpenter) .00.000000.0.ccccccceeeeeeeeeee 338 Holotype, No. 16209 USNM x 15. Cape St. Lucas. Fossarus parcipictus Carpenter 20.00.0000... cccccccccceccececeeeeeeeeeeeee, 342 Lectotype, No. 4060 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. Bittium.- nitens Carpenter ...0.0000000cccccccccccecccccccceceveeeenevee eee. _...3840 Holotype, No. 4068 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. Fenella crystallina Carpenter ................... ° Bee isthe ih aves tad sani ncaa ts 341 Holotype, No. 15888 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. Eulima fuscostrigata Carpenter o.oo... eeeee 550) Holotype, No. 4105 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. Calliostoma aequisculpta Carpenter ...........000..0.ccccceeecceeees 326 Holotype, No. 16013 USNM x 1 1/2. Acapulco, Mexico. Acmaea strigatella Carpenter 20...0.0.0.......00.0coccccccec eee 323 Syntype, No. 12594 USNM x 1 1/2. Cape St. Lucas. Acmaea strigatella Carpenter .2...00000.0..........ccccciccccccceeeceveeeeeeeeeeeees 323 Syntype, No. 12594 USNM x 1 1/2. Another specimen than figure 11. Cape St. Lucas. Acmaea vernicosa Carpenter ..oooo...........ccccc cece cece ec cececeeeeeeeeeees 324 Holotype, No. 15924 USNM x 2. Panama. Diodora saturnlis Carpenter 2.............0.0cccccccccecceecccecccccccecceeeeeeeeeee. 325 Syntype, No. 15853 USNM x 1 1/2. Cape St. Lucas. Acmaea subrotundata Carpenter 22.0... 323 Holotype, No. 15922 USNM x 11/2. Panama. Acmaecai filosa Carpenter <3 2. bi.o. cococcteccvceds teed tins Rees cone eee 322 Holotype, No. 15923 USNM x 1 1/2. Panama. Acmaea atrata Carpenter ooo.............0ccccoccccccceccccecccceceeeeeeeeeeeees cel Syntype, No. 4019 USNM x 1 1/2. Cape St. Lucas. 396 Figure I, 10. Ete: 12. 13, 14. 15. 16, 17. 18. BULLETIN 211 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 66 Page Vanikoro aperta (Carpenter) 2.......0.000.00000ccccecccebevecececveeeveeeeeneeeereeeeees 343 Holotype, No. 15897 USNM x 1 1/2. Sape St. Lucas. Opalia crenatoides Carpenter 2200....000oooccccecccece cette teeter 333 Holotype, No. 15874 USNM x 1 1/2. Cape St. Lucas. Fossarus purus Carpenter) .c00 00 c.ccc.ccccceoe-c lee 342 Holotype, No. 16210 USNM x 15. Cape St. Lucas. Tricolia variegata (Carpenter) 0.00000 328 Syntype, No. 11836 USNM x 15. Cape St. Lucas. Tricolia cyclostoma (Carpenter) .....................0...2cccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 328 Holotype, No. 11831 USNM x 15. Cape St. Lucas. Eulima falcata Carpenter ....:..0000..00.000ccccccccscecceccccneceteespeseusesasaeeseenee 329 Holotype, No. R 123 USNM x 6. Acapulco. Cf. Aesopus fuscostrigata (Carpenter) ............c0ccccccccccceceeeceeeeeeess 348 Holotype, No. 16223 USNM x 6. Cape St. Lucas. Barleeia subtenuis Carpenter 2.2.00... cece: 338 No. 15564b (15570) USNM x 15. San Diego, California. Mangelia hamata Carpenter 0000.00... cccceeccecteteeceeeeeettteeees 359 Holotype, No. 95 Redpath Mus. Length, 6 mm.; greatest diameter, 3 mm. Panama. ?Anachis humerosa (Carpenter) 000.0000 ccccecceeccecee cece cece teen 349 Holotype, No. 610334 USNM x 6. Acapulco. Mitrella santabarbarensis (Carpenter) .......................00:0ccceceeceeeee 351 Syntype, No. 74 Redpath Mus. Cape St. Lucas. Mitrella santabarbarensis (Carpenter) ................00.00..00.0.0000- 351i Syntype, No. 73 Redpatr Mus. Another specimen than figures 12. Cape St. Lucas. Mitrella santabarbarensis (Carpenter) |... sol Syntype, No. 74 Redpath Mus. Another specimen than figures 13-15. Cape St. Lucas. Tritonidea elata (Carpenter) 22..0.......000000ccc occ e sees eeeeeeeceeteeees 354 ? Holotype, No. 87 Redpath Mus. Cape St. Lucas. Mangelia cerea Carpenter oo.......... cc ccccceeceeceeceeeeeeetttteteeeeeeenenies 358 Holotype, No. 91 Redpath Mus. Length, 6 mm.; greatest diameter, 3 mm. Panama. PLATE 66 Buu, AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 67 Figure ieee 12, 13. 14, 15. CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN ‘TypEs: PALMER 497 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 67 Page Latirus tumens Carpenter 353 Holotype, Reg. No. 19621119 BM(NH). Length, 68 mm.; greatest diameter, 33 mm. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) hindsii (Carpenter) 331 Syntypes, Reg. No. 196321 BM(NH) x 2 Epitonium tiara (Carpenter) 332 Holotype, Reg. No. 196320 BM(NH) x 2. Epitonium cumingi (Carpenter) 331 Holotype, Reg. No. 1950.3.31.1 BM(NH) x 2. Epitonium regulare (Carpenter) y 332 Holotype, Reg. No. 1950.4.18. 13/16 BM (NH) x 4. Natica excavata Carpenter hel se 345 Holotype, Reg. No. 196322 BM (NH) x Melampus bridgesi Carpenter be Dee 366 Holotype, Reg. No. 196312 BM(NH) x 5. 398 Figure iL 2-4. Uy ee 9-14. 15, 16. Ife: Mts}. 19, 20. BULLETIN 2]] EXPLANATION OF PLATE 68 Page Acanthochiton arragonites (Carpenter)... 867 No. 31, Redpath Mus. Length, 6 mm.; width, 3 mm. Ishnochiton adamsii (Carpenter) 0.0.00. 367 Syntypes, No. 42 Redpath Mus. Fig. +. Length, 13.6 mm.; width, 10 = mm. Drillia punctatostriata Carpenter. ni eo! Holotype, Reg. No. 196318 BM (NH) x 7. “Pleurotoma” gracillima Carpenter Peer oi oh: 361 Holotype, Reg. No. 196319 BM(NH). x 2. Clathurella rigida fuscoligata (Carpenter) =A eS O Syntypes, Reg. No. 196315 BM(NH) x 7. Daphnella sinuata (Carpenter) PUR, geen ck nc SI) Holotype, Reg. No. 196314 BM(NH) x 5. Clathurella intercalaris (Carpenter) . Re cpa Gospsse 355 Holotype, Reg. No. 196316 BM(NH) x 4. Clathurella serrata (Carpenter) bigest _ 356 Holotype, Reg. No. 196317 BM(NH) x 7. Buu. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 : PLATE 68 BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 69 Figure 1-4, D, 6. heh CARPENTER MOLLUSCAN J ypres: PALMER EXPLANATION OF PLATE 69 Pandora (Clidiophora) cristata Carpenter Holotype, No. 1963441 BM(NH). Length, 22 mm.; height, 15 mm. Gulf of California. Laevicardium apicinum Carpenter Specimen, No. 128 Redpath Museum. Length, 22 mm.: height, 22 mm.; thickness, 12 mm. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. Callistochiton expresssus (Carpenter) ...... Holotype, No. 38 Redpath Museum. Width of larger plates, 2mm. Fig. 7. Part of girdle. 499 307 370 400 Figure 7-9. BULLETIN 2]] EXPLANATION OF PLATE 70 Page Ischnochiton tenuisculptus (Carpenter) 0. 369 Holotype, No. 126 Redpath Museum. 1. Specimen removed from girdle, figure 2. Length, 15.5 to 16 mm.; width, 7.25 = mm. Panama. Chaetopleura prasinatus (Carpenter) 373 Holotype, No. 15892 USNM; x 2. Cape St. Lucas. Chaetopleura parallela (Carpenter) 00000ceceeeeee eee 372 5. Syntype, No. 4017 USNM; x 2. 6. Syntype, No. 46, Redpath Museum, Length, 17 + mm.; width, 10 mm. Cape St. Lucas. Anachis serrata Carpenter 3.0.00... ee 330 Specimens, No. 75, Redpath Museum. 7. Length, 7 mm.; greatest diameter, 3 mm. 8. Length, 6 mm.; greatest diameter, 3 mm. 9. Length, 9 mm.; greatest diameter, + mm. Figs. 7, 9 have been coated with NH,ClI to bring out the details of sculpture. [Upper 6 equals 9.] BULL. AMER. PALEONT., VOL. 46 PLATE 70 ak - j / 4 Os als) ' / a h ; Mi » A ik: A 7 “eh vA 2 . ; 5 oa , ; M ; i ; INDEX Volume 46, No. 211 A Acanthochiton ........ Ae 367 Acapuleo oo... 289, 349 AN(CILESEN ORR ena ee 334 INGCIMACAl dice iccdesiscsecteels 321-324 aculea, Cytharella ..... 374 acutedentata, Clidiophora ............ 319 acuticostata, Mangelia 294, 301, 358 acutior, Ischnochiton 369 adamsi, Cumingia ..... 314 Longchaeus ............ 362 Pyramidella ............ 362 adamsii, Ischnochiton ........68 298,367 Lepidopleurus ...... _ 296, 298, 367 Lophyrus .................. 368 Obelicus 0.0... 362 Aequipecten ................. 303 aequisculpta, Evalea | 296, 363 Odostomia ................ 296, 300, 363 aequisculptum, Calliostoma .......... 65 296, 299, 326 INCSODUS shale okcs. 348 Agathotoma ............. 359 albolaqueata, TOE NGI 2 eases eeeuenten 300, 357 Elaeocyma ....... a 357 Mangilia ................. 296, 357 albolaqueatus, Clavus 300.357 albolirata, Alvania 61 300,336 ISSO aeons Clesieca. Ne 295, 300, 336 NIC TCS ete: Ages 339 Aloides ............ BERS A 318 PNT ee ie a 336, 337 ? Amphichaena ........ 313 amplectens, Angulus 375 Melina’ 5 2k 375 MAIN ACINIS ae ate . 349, 350 angulata, Mactra ..... 311 Ameulusy: fee. 315 angusta, Chrysallida ....... .. 296, 300, 365 Ry ESISCUS 365 Turbinella 300, 365 antonii, Ziziphinus 326 aperta, Narica ........... 295, 300,343 Vanikoro .................. 300, 343 apicinum, Cardium 307 Laevicardium ... 69 301, 307 Levicardium ........... 295, 307 Liocardium .......... i 307 Apolymetis ............... 318 appressa, Crassispira ......... 61 300,357 Drillia 296, 300, arcuata, Pandora armatus, Murex artemidis, “‘Lucina” 295, 301, arragonites, Acanthochiton 68 Artemis aspera, Littorina Assiminea asteriaphila, Cynthia a 296, 299, Stylifer Asthenothaerus ... atrata, Acmaea 65 295, 299, Collisella ; Atys Baja California BalciSi ae: Barleeia #. © biplicatus, Nassa .... Phos bee. 294-3005 biradiata, Acmaea ... Aloides ee Caryocarbula ...... Corbula Juliacorbula .......... bistriata, Fasciolaria 295, Turbinella ............ Bittlum .. se ctaee bridgesii, Melampus 67 294, 298, British Museum (Natural History) . Broderipiana Natica Bryophila C. B. Adamsii, Lepidopleurus Caducifer caelata, Chemnitzia 63 297, 298, caelatus, Donax Calliostoman. ee Callista 3 aoe 308, Callistochiton ........ 370, Calllithacaysee ee Callochiton ....... 4 Callucinayy =e , Calyptraea subreflexa ........63 capax, Diplodonta? “Lucina”’ : 40] 357 319 346 304 367 308 334 338 330 330 320 321 321 362 289 329 338 353 393 324 318 318 318 318 304 354 340 366 289 345 303 368 352 365 312 326 309 371 310 371 304 344 375 375 INDEX Cape San Lucas .... 289 Cape San Francisco 340 Cape St. Lucas .... 289 (Cancun 307 Cardiliawe oe ee 302 Cardiolucina ........... 305 ecarinatus, Donax .... 312 Carpenter, P. P. .... 289 carpenteri, Phasianella ........ 327 riCcoliayeeeeee 63 301, 327 Caryocorbula .......... 318 casta, Aliculastrum . 362 TANGA Syste aa teen ree 295, 300, 362 @awilimG@ one eee 305 cerea, Mangelia ....66 297, 298, 358 Cerithiopsis ............... 341 Cerithium .......... ie 375 Chaetopleura ...... =. 372 Chamay yea see 307 Chemnitzia ............ 365 Chione 0.2 ckin: . 375 Chionella .................. 309 Chirique R., ananivageeeeeee. 366 Chiton ere eee: 369, 371 Chrysallida ............ 365 Gin eas a ws Be : 311 Githara se a 355 Clathurella ................ 355 ? Clathrodrillia ...... 360 claviculata, Clidiophora .......... 319 Clavius! s he see ley 357 Clidiophora ............. 319 ? Clionella ............. 360 Collisella ............... 321, 324 Columbella ............ 349, 350, 351 columbiensis, Chaetopleura 372 compacta, Assiminea .......... 65 300, 338 Hydrobia .................. 295, 300, 338 SyNCerane eee 338 compactus, Pelatoconchus 339 compta, Phasianella 327 concinna, Pleurotoma 355 conspicua, Maugerella .... 368 conspicuus, Ischnochiton 368 Stenoplax ....... 369 Condé, Vincent .... 293 conicus, Obeliscus 362 cooperi, Ischnochiton 369 Coralliophila ......... 346, 375 Corbula sae eee 318 cornuta, Clidiophora 319 Pandora eee 319 corrugatum, Crucibulum ........ 295 corrugatus, Ischnochiton ...... 299 Crassispira ....... 357, 374 crebristriatus, Caducifer ............ 63 298, 352 RELCON: {in eee 294, 352 crenata, Opalia ........ 333 crenatoides, Dentiscala 333 Opalia: 235 .. 296, 300, 333 Crenella ................ 302 cribraria, Nitidella .. 348 cristata, Clidiophora ....... 69 297, 319 Pandora ................ 69 297, 319 culminatus, Donax . 312 Cumingia ............ aah 314 cumingii, Epitonium .......... 67 297, 331 Scalariaae ae 294, 331 Cy clinale see 308 Cyclinella 2.0.0.0... 308 cyclophoreus, Haplocochlias ...65 295, 299, 326 Cyclophorus ............. 327 cyclostoma, Eucosmia ................ 295, 299, 328 Phasianella ............. 328 Tricolia ......... ....,.66 299,328 Cylichnag ee 362 erystallina, Kenellays. 3 ee 65 295,300, 341 Cytharella ............. : 374 Cytherea... ee 309 Cythnia ee eee 330 D Dance, Peter ......... S 293, 339 Daphnella ............. 355 decumbens, Angulus 296, 315 Elpidollina .......... 60 298, 299, 315 Moerella ................. 315 Tellina ................... 296, 299, 315, 316, 375 Detranciay eee 355, 356 delicatula, Evalea ... 296, 300, 364 lolaeas.:.45. ee 364 Odostomia ........... 296, 364 densiclathrata, Glyphis 0.0... 325 402 densilineata, Columbella ......... Mitrella ............ ? Nitidella ............ deshayesii, Tellina | Dentalium .................... Dentiscala Diplodonta discors, Acmaea ... Patella disjuncta, SURI) Sopsneapenenenaenee dispar, Chiton ......... distans, Coralliophila | Rhizocheilus divaricata, Crenella . divisa, Litiopa ......... dombei, Apolymetis Psammotreta 62 DONA secre eetcasacs: ; Drillia dubia, Muricidea squamulata, Muricidea dubiosa penicillata, Littorina G 67 eburnea, ? Clathrodrillia . Drillia ee Pseudomelatoma eburneum, Laevitectum Elaeocyma elata, Pisania Tritonidea -, 66 electrina, Alvania 61 ND) Hetil eee ls cay) a, oy elenae, Natica .......... Stigmaulax Te Aen elenensis, Callistochiton ae Chitont fo) 3 ken Ischnochiton ............... elense, Cardium Laevicardium Elpidollina Engina Epitonium Bat Ope ots ua erinaceus, Murex... Tritonalia INDEX 350 300, 350 300, 350 _ 294, 301, 314 374 361 296, 345 345 334, 335 360 . 296, 300, 360 360 300, 360 357 296, 354 298, 354 300, 337 296, 300, 337 345 Eucosmia Eulima Eumeta eurytoides, Aesopus Truncaria Evalea excavata, Natica Stigmaulax eximium, Calliostoma expansa, Rissoina expressus, Callistochiton Ischnochiton 300, 296, 300, 67 294, 298, 298, 296, 298, falcata, Balcis Eulima Melanella fascicularig, Acmaea Fasciolaria ...... favilla, Pyrgicus Turbinella Fenella . ferruginosa, Morula filosa, Acemaea ...._.65 29 fissa, Mopalia .._..... floceata, Patella .......... Forrester Is., Alaska ... fossarus Galerus ee fusea, Polinices _. fuscoligata, Clathurella Mangelia . fusconotata, Cithara fuscostrigata, ? Aesopus ? Anachis TE AUUITONEL ceca ssnesesee Leiostraca 66 296, 299, 6, 299, 321, 296, Re 00 300, 65 296, 299, Galerus | Gari a Glyphis Gobraeus Gorda Banks Gould Coll., York State Museum Peet hae 296, 300, 327 329 34) 348 348 363 345 345 316 297 370 370 329 329 329 322 354 365 365 341 348 322 299 322 303 342 293 376 309 356 362 348 348 330 330 330 344 313 325 313 313 352 Gouldii, Angulus . gracilis, Latirus .... gracillima, “Pleurotoma’”’ Guacomayo haliotiphila, Barleeia ................ Haplocochlias ............. Helicina Hemphillia hindsii, Coralliophila Epitonium 67 Latiaxis Nitidiscala Sealaria Trophon ............ rane humerosa, ? Anachis Columbella Hyala Hyphantosoma hypocurta, Chemnitzia Pyrgiscus inermis, Chama .... Pseudochama .... 61 inflata, Crenella .... Odostomia insculpta, Narica ..... . 296, Opalia yee ee. WEVOWUKOMRO) onnsceavoossser intercalaris, Clathurella 68 Cerithiopsis |. Defrancia Eumeta Tolaea . TIschnochiton . Juliacorbula ........ Keen, A. Myra . L lacinata, Mactra Mactrella ... ?Mulinia 68 294, 297, hamata, Mangelia 66 297, 294, . 295, Sigonjacaod CHAD) 294, 63 294, INDEX 297 304 298, 361 341 300, 338 298, 359 326 327 373 346 297, 331 346 331 297, 331 346 300, 348 296, 349 307 299, 307 301, 302 364 301, 343 333 301, 343 298, 355 300, 341 298, 355 300, 341 364 367, 368, 369, 370 318 339 297, 311 294, 311 311 Laevicardium .... Laevitectum lamellosa, Cumingia langinosus, Hemphillia |. Pallochiton Lepidopleurus _.. Lepidosona ............ Leptopecten ........... Lessonli, Chiton lima, Calliostoma ... Trochus ee limans, Mazatlania lineata, Littorina _.. Natica Linga lingualis, Callucina 59 Cardiolucina Cavilinga Lucina Myrtea Phacoides Liocardium Litiopa Littorina Longchaeus LoOphyrus ys. Lottia Lower California Lucina lurida, Chaetopleura Macoma Macrocallista Mactra Mactrella Magdalena Bay, Gulf of California magdalensis, Ischnochiton Mangelia margarita, Circe maritima, Cyrena .... Maugerella maugeriae, Erato panamensis, Erato . Mazatlan Mazatlania Melampus Melanella Melarhaphe melchersi, Crassipira ............. 404 307 360 314 373 373 367, 369, 374 369 303 371 296, 326 326 376 339 345 305 304 305 305 295, 298, 299, 304 305 305 307 339 334 362 368 322, 324 289 304, 305, 306, 375 373 316, 317 309 311 3il 305, 347 368 356, 358, 359 311 3038 368 294, 301, 345 294, 301, 345 INDEX Menestho ................ 363 menesthoides, INGCURSAU Gincaissdiecneees 63 295, 301 meropsis, Tellina ........ 297 Acmaea ........ bS 323 mesoleuca, Acmaea | 323 millepunctata, Miutrellay Wiis. 301, 351 ? Nitidella ........... 301, 351 IMIKIVELUIEY 8 i Seder ee 350, 351 ‘“Miodiola” ...........0.0 302 Modiola |... 374 Moerella ................... 315 Morrison, J.P.E. ..... 293 IMIOTPDIIE) oy canconedeeeoeeseneeee: 348 2 IWiulllinanie) oo iansoospasennuee 311 muricatus, Coralliophila ....... 346 IVUUITSEK Sic Soe sc snines 346 Trophon ................ 346 Muricidea .................. 345, 374 Muricopsis ................. 345, 374 muscosa fissa, Mopalia .................. 299 IMINAPISED” se ae ue eee meneeree 305, 306 N INaACe HAR i ioccscccssees. 367 INfaltel CA eerie es gsccseck 343 INIASSSMe ees iascnecdae 3538 Niall Caltetiere ets gece ones: 345, 376 Neara, Chiton ............. 371 Nitidellla .........00....... 348, 350 Nitidiscala ................. 331 nitens, Bittium ........ 65 296, 300, 340 “Modiola” ............. ce) Obeliscus ............0.00.. 362 obesa, Scalaria ........ 333 Ocenebra ..................... 346 ochracea, Peronaeoderma .... 295, 316 Serobiculina ........ 60 299, 316 Melia eek ee 295, 316 ochrostoma, Sistrum 296, 301, 347 rufonotatum, Sistrum 22s. ek:. 296, 301, 347 Ocinebray sees 374 Odostomia .................. 363, 364 Ogle-Skan, John F. . 293 Onpaliian ess 333 orbella, Diplodonta 307 otis, Natica 376 ovale, Umbraculum 64 298, 366 ovalis, Umbrella ..... 294, 366 P Pacipecten 303 Pallochiton 373 Panama 307, 308 panamensis, Erato 294, 345 pannosa, Callista 295 Pandora .... 319 Paradione 310 parallela, Chaetopleura .... 70 298, 300, 372 parallelus, Ischnochiton 295, 298, 300, 372 parcipictus, Fossarus ............ 65 295, 300, 342 patina, Acmaea .... 323 GOUtIa Ae Bae paucicostatus, Aequipecten .. 303 iPectenan son _ 298, 299, 303 Plagiogtenium 303 peasi, Macoma ........ 316 peasii, Tellina .. 316 Pectenieean hee eee. 303 pectinatus, Lepidopleurus 374 pectinulatus, Lepidopleurus .... 373 Pelatoconchus ............ 339 pelta, Acmaea ............ 323 peltoides, Nacella .... 295, 298, 360 NVallilitarnniiaves serene ne 298, 300, 367 367 penicillata, ? Clionella .................. 360 TD Yori De ys Bah went ener age 297, 300, 360 TEGRAWOVANMTEY — oecencsessn 67 295, 300, 334 Pleurotoma ............... 360 Pseudomelatoma .... 300, 360 Peronaeoderma .......... 316 Retrasmaeeee ee 301 Peurolucina, undatoides ............ 59 306 PhHacOideS .........c0cece0--:- 305, 306 Phasianella .................. 327, 328, 375 phillippi, Littorina 295, 334 Phillips, Venia ............ 293 TPADTIIOOAVA, Ss sscdossssronessee 303 IPN OSea eet eras 353 PIS ana caer areas 354 PAR Ah Oem gs eee, Pn a es 308 Bitariaiens er ae eee 309 Plagiotenium .............. 303 planata, ‘““Modiola” ..... 374 Semele ................ 64 294, 297, 314 Pleuroluecina |.............. 306 Pleurotoma .................. 360, 361 INDEX polychroma, Punta Penasco, Corbulay 295, 318 Mexico, =e 302 Point Arena ................ 313 purus, Fossarus ...... 66 295, 300, 342 PoOlMNICeS! (ee eeae es aio byLamidellaa see 362 politis, Solecurtus ...... ole Pyreula, eee 336 RollackeJ- awry eee 293 pollicaris, Callista ...... 295, 299, 308 Cytherea = ee 309 ; Q Hyphantosoma ....59 308,309 quadricostata, | BATE D Gaels erence see 59 299, 308, 309 Pyreula::...c) ee 294, 301, 336 Pitanlaeree: eters: 309 Port Guatuleo ............ 313 poulsoni, Buccinum 347 R es EL Sie test 297, an Redan Minsecn: Tritonalia ig 298. 347 McGill, University 289 prasinatus, = ; Reevei, Columbella .... 351 Chaetopleura __. 70 300, 373 nerlexe 1 63 331 Ischnochiton ............ 295, 300, 373 Seas Gh oeoee 294. 298. 331 producta, Cyclina ... 295, 297, 308 ae ALVA oo. p EE Se Cyclinellal. sen 64 297, 308 tent 63 298. 331 Scrobicularia ......... 2939291, 3G 9 eee oes te rolongata, le eae P Casiiiten uate 61 305 He oni cee eee 67 332 : : regularis, Co ee 303 2, Amphichaena 295, 313 icinae ee 61 305, 7 aL eevee A ee cee ean 308 Psammobia 295, 299, 313 DSaniiONA 313 Psammocola ............. 313 Psanninoco la eee. 313 Scalaria 2. eee 294, 297, 332 Peammotcetan ae 317 Rehder, H. ................ 293 Pseudochama ............... 307 Rhizocheilus 349, 375 Peeudomelatoma 260 rigida, Clathurella 68 356 HOMBRE Are ge 2 fuscoligata, Pchinella op Clathurella ©) 6BUiaesiame Macrocallista 309. Mangelia ................. 294, 328 Transennella? _. 3010309) | SSC a ee pulchellus, rissoinoides, Callistochiton 62 371 CORIOAIDT os a Callochitom ©) m 296 371) | Lolundata val ee @hiton 974 Rowell, Rev. J. ............ 349 DOAN pean 312 supa ene Ese ee 318 AEA SLAB aaa 9 rubrilineata, EE hen on er 338 Phasianellage ee 375 Callistochiton MO gl UOMO, Siswuie aaa pullata, Litorina ...61 295, 300, 335 pullata, Melarhaphe 23 Ss pulloides, Ehesianella spsuectencecse ou saceats Artemis rs 308 SecA Ne kate 2 San Blas, Gulf o punctata, Eucosmia.... 295, 327 SG alone 7 ea 332 Phasianella ............ 301, 327 sanguineus, Semele... 314 Ischnochiton _............ 368 “? punctostriatus”’ San Pedro, California 302, 321 Donax, 2 eee 298,312 santabarbarensis Drillpae wee ee 68 294, 361 Mitrellas 66 298, 351 406 INDEX Santa-Barbarensis, Columbella ........... 351 saturnalis, Diodora 65 299, 325 Fissuridea ........... 325 GIVPHIS) i esitscee cece 295, 323 scabriculus, Chaetopleura .......... 372 SCAIATIA ieiyekecctissssiaces Bolpooz ? Serobicularia ............ 317 Serobiculina ................ 316, 317 scutulata, Littorina.... 335 Melarhaphe .............. 335 (210012) (2 314 semipolitum, Dentalium, .............. 374 semistriatus, Donax .. 293, 301, 312 Serpulorbis squamigerus ............ 339 serrata, Anachis ....70 350 Clathurella .......... 68 356 DGhnan Clase 356 Ischnochiton ............ 295, 298, 300, 369 Lepidozona .............. 369 setosa, Bryophila ........ 295, 303 Philobrya ................ 299, 303 sincera, Strigilla ........ 315 sinensis, Galerus ........ 293 sinensis fusca, Galerus 293 sinuata, Cithara .......... 294, 255 Daphmeliays...s.2 68 298, 355 TWIRTO AINE), jyscededeee sascecus 355 SUSteUIN es a ene ta. 347 Solecurtus ........0...000..... 312 SolemVya lec: 301 Spitaenellan eo ne. 307 squamigerus, Aletes .. 339 Serpulorbis ............ 297, 339 Thylacodes .............. 339 squamosa, Thracia ... 301, 320 squamulata, Muricidea ................ 296, 301 Muricopsis ................ 301, 345, 374 squamulifera, Muricidea ................ 374 Ocinebra ................. 374 Stenoplax 20.0.0... 369 Stiemauilaxs oe 345 straminea, Evalea .... . 364 Odostomiaw.. 297, 301, 364 Sie tinorl, (Gio IBS cssssansen 293 SUIPISAINIEL Si cocssdoscobeesoobesoue 315 strigatella, Acmaea 65 295, 299, 322, 323 strigillata, Acmaea _. 323 Strombiformis ............ 330 Shyer 8) es eens 330 subdiaphana, Agathotoma 359 Cytharella ......... 35! Mangelia 295, 300, 359 subpurpurens, Modiola ............ 302 subquadrata, Cyclina 308 subnodosum, Epitonium ........ 301, 333 Sealaria .... 294, 301, 333 subreflexa, Calyptraea ..........63 301, 344 subreflexus, Galerus. 294, 301, 344 AMAOXCOURIET joeceeevonsnoepnoc: 344 subrotundata, ANemaea eee 65 296, 29, 323 Eucosmia _ 295, 300, 328 substriata, Tricolia 300, 328 subtenuis, Barleeia 66 297, 301, 338 e T tabogensis, Melampus 366 MAS EMS Poke. s5hte: cee. ceekt 312 TRADES rer eee: ccc eee 311 Tebble, Norman ....... 293, 344 OUP MAL eet te eee 314, 375 tenera, Acmaea ........ 322 tenerrima, Callithaca - 319 Provotnaca ee 301, 310 MACS) cee site nee (290, o0Ly 20 tenuisculptus, Ischnochiton ........ 70 296, 298, 369 ahr Clase eke, nee 320 tiara, Epitonium — 67 298, 332 Sealaria .................... 294, 298, 332 tincta, Anachis .... _ 296, 301, 359 Columbella 350 Todos Santos Bay 375 Tomlin, J. R. le B 374 Transennella ? ............ 309 Tres Marias Islands __. 307 AMENI@OMIA — .coac-cusssocossooneoe 327, 328 HIE HO Ole maaneaeaees eeyecconeree: 346, 352 AMPNOTNE WIE, 20. ce ncossccsone 346, 347 ritOnid alee ee 354 IRON 32s stecssoscnesseu: 344 SMROVGIMUIS coccutasscadoososnoss: 316 AMRODIMOIM .o3sssasssos0ssses5000% 346 AMPUWOORTEIS) s.s.c-nseSescss0s: 348 tuberosa, Fossarus ... 342 tumbezensis, Aequipecten ........ 58 303 Leptopecten ...... 58 303 Pacipecten .......... Pecten. eiascce: tumens, Lathirus ...... IERYBRCUR! csasarcnacecnane 67 WatyGUSiee see eee tumida, Sphaerella tenuisculpta, Odostomia ............ Thylacodes .............. Turbinella ............... z Turnham, Alice J. .... typica, Eulithidium . Phasianella ......... ; Umbraculum .............. Wimibrellaw eee undata, Lucina......... Myrtaea ................. Parvilucina ........... Phacoides ................ Pleurolucina ............ undatoides, EWC ae 59 Pleurolucina .......... undatostriata, Chione: 22s ee GWCiniaye eee ee 59 ulvae, Hydrobia ...... U. S. National Museum INDEX 303 303 393 298, 553 294, 353 307 364 339 394, 365 293 328 328 366 366 296, 306 306 306 306 306 298, 306 306 379 306 338 289 © Vv valvulus, Petrasma 301 Solemivale ee _ 295, 300, 301 Vanikoro ................... 343 variegata, Eucosmia.. 295, 300,528 Obeliscus ............. ... 296, 362,363 Phasianella .......... . 328 sie COM AEE eee 66 300, 528 vernicosa, Acmaea 65 296, 299, 324 versicolor, Calliostoma 326 vespertina, Acmaea 324 violascens, Solecurtus ............ 297, 312 Tacelus 64 297, 312 villosior, Asthenothaerus ..... 295, 299, 320 virgo, Chemnitzia .... 366 viridotincta, Serobiculina 62 294, 297, 317 Hellina: = 44s ail viritineta [sic], Macoma .................. 317 Witrinellase ee 321 WwW Wilkins, Guy L. ..... 339 Williamia ................ 357 ZL ziczac, Littorina ........ 335 “TAVAVO ONS scccscho23- 326 408 Exclusive of Number 211. INDEX number. Note: hand light figures refer to the pages. A acinaciforma, Tholosina ................ 51 222 /NCHOPYSAVEUTSE oogoancouooeooecuce 85, 104 /NGUSTO)OUETE, . ssocusovevsevanoe 104 aculeata, Bulimina ........ 263 Real inay eeeecessevssesees 261 acuta, Anomalina ........ 57 274 Proteonina ............. 50 215 Tholosina ............... 51 222 adrieni, Retzia ................ 121 aequilateralis, Gyroidina ............. 55 266 TROY IIE, Sapeaceeepeeaneaceeeen 266 africana, Pleurothyrella ....16-21 81, 92-94, Tease 120s Scaphiocoelia .............. 91-93, 107 africana elizabethae, SGaphiocoeliaue ence 91, 92,107 /Nlalpaliraitina eee ean 247, 251, 252, 270 Albany Museum ............ 106 alexanderi, Ellipsonodosaria ........ 265 JNMlainl, IRS Sig Wsgaaseeecenseeeees 84, 102 alleni, Cibicides ............ 251, 276 dinunecatuliina 2. 276 ZNllomotpininaes eee Dil alpha, Rensselaeria ........ 119 Amazon Basin in Brazil 88 American Museum of Natural History ........ 102 Ammobaculites .............. 252, 253 JeNiGAVTTOVGNIEWS " sccasenvercesseee 198-203 ammonoides, Anomalina 274 Gamerinaleee ee 9,176 amoentai, Lepidocyclina.. 170 (Pliolepidina) ............ 168 Amphicervicis ..............:. 214 angularis, Clavulinoides.. 254 annularis, Ammodiscus .. 201 annulatus, Cycloclypeus.. 173 JNMARCTIGA — ssaogecesecoscasucnese 81 antarctica, Pleurothyrella ...21-23 84, 91, 92, 95, 7/5 Ws, ils antarcticus, Acrospirifer.. 85 Spinitetme nate. 100 The left hand bold faced figures refer to the plates. antillea, Lepidocyclina ....1, 5-7 Polylepidina Arbucle limestone .......... arcuata, Thurammina 50 Psammosphaera ariana, Lepidocyclina ..1 arkadelphiana mid- wayensis, Bulimina 55 Arlington, Texas articulosa, Glomospira 49 aspera, Ammodiscus ...... Involutina Asterigerina asterisca, Asterocyclina .. Atrypa “‘reté€ularis” ........ Attunga Australocoelia bifurcata, Rhabdammina Bisher formation Bluff limestone Bokkeveld beds Bokkeveld sandstone Bolivia boliviensis, Scaphiocoelia Bolivina Bolivinopsis bontourana, Lepidocyclina borneensis, Lepidocyclina Bornemann, L. G. .......... Borneo IBYOUIGOG, JAS Ifo cscosvacsasnecs6s: Boucot, A. J., K. E. Cas- ter, David Ives, and John A. Talent. Re- lationships of a New Lower Devonian Tere- bratuloid (Brachiopo- da) from Antarctica .. IBYOWV@SS MES YY ssonsbsasnoss5: Brassfield limestone 409 The index to Number 211 is included in the The right 10, 20, 34 10, 34 192 Di 208 10, 20 263 69, 74 208 199 199 247, 252, 269 42 85 105 100, 109 83, 81, 21-24, 26, 28-30 168, 170, 174 199 160, 168 83, 85 77 196 196 brevitubus, Ammodiscus Barbour County, JNJ AIBEVENE, ....cosononoece0 0000008 Barmavrel, “IS oennsenosacsesan8000 barroisi, Mutationella .... bartrumi, Tipheophyllum bartschi, Camerina .......... © percullinaeereeee IBGE, IX. So scecscconsoacsona: Bathysiphon .................... Baton River beds ............ Baton River fauna .......... Beacon sandstone .......... Bell aihoniasieseeeneeee eee beta, Rensselaeria sp. .... bicella, Sorosphaera ...... bicelloidea, Sorosphaera.. biconvexus, Ammodiscus .......... 48 bicuspidata, Shidelerella ............ 49 Bifurcammina ................ British Museum (Natural History) .... Browne, Ruth G. & Her- rick, Stephen M. Smal- ler Paleocene Fora- minifera from Reid- land, Kentucky .......... Browne, Ruth G. & Schott, Virginia J. Arenaceous Foramini- fera from the Osgood Formation at Osgood, Indiana buccina, Reophax Buckeye tillite ................ bulbosa, Lagennamina 50 (read Lagenammina) Buliminaeeeee eee burlingtonensis, Cibicides Byers, Mrs. Howard ...... C Cache, Alexander County, MUG OUSi yc eee eect ee cacumenata, Bulimina 55 California Institute of shechnolopyaueree eee “Camarotoechia” sp. ...... G@amerina yea er nee. INDEX 200 248 199 112 105 176 175 195 227, 231, 232 84, 85 243 187 230 81 214 DL], DSi, DSP, 262, 263 DVT 192 85 Ui, 172, 175, 176 campbelli, Psammonyx 49 204 canellei, Lepidocyclina .. 9 Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand ccecaeee 102 Gapeserovinceme eee 95 Gatniacou ee 9 Caster, 1K. (Bs kee eee 83, 102 casteri, Hyperammina .... 229 cava, Psammosphaera 49 208, 209 cayuga, Rensselaeria ...... 120 cedarkeysensis, Lepidocyclina ............ 33, 34, 35 Ceratammina .................. 211 Ceratobulimina .............. 269 cerzoazulensis, Globorotalia .............. 31 cervicifera, Proteonina 50 216 (Chive, 1S5AWCS oo onoceccoceacascc 248 chaperi, Eulepidina ........ 10, 3H Lepidocyclina ..8,9,10 10, 32, 38 Chapman sandstone ........ 107 chattahoochensis Lepidocyclina............ 158 Chiloguembelina ............ 262 Chilostomella ................ Bil Chilostomelloides .......... PIM, 2S2, ZH il Chimneyhill limestone .. 193, 196 Si Ghonetesses >see 85 Chrysalogonium ............ 259, 260 Cibicides' <2. 251, 276, 277 Gibicidinawe ee Di, 2S circularis, Mutationella? 84 SRensselacriaseus =e 112 GlatkeRivere = 247 Clavulinoides ................ 251, 252, 254 Clayton formation .......... 247, 251 clementiana, Anomalina 275 TROGMILTOA, ...2aessescenos0000000 2D Cloud Rea Esse 86-88, 92, IOV, WS Cloudella ........... einer 81, 84, 87-89, UO, Miele, 123 Cole, W. Storrs. Analysis of Lepidocyclina Radiata (Martin) ...... 153 Cole, W. Storrs. Illustra- tions of Conflicting Interpretations of the Biological and Classi- fication of Certain Larger Foraminifera .. 5 Goleites: eee 267 Colombia 86 410 communis, Dentalina 53 Nodosaria complanata, Camerina .... complanata japonica, Operculina compressa, Globigerina Hyperammina compressus, Ammodiscus confluentina, Rensselaeria conica, Hyperammina 52 conjunctiva, Psammosphaera Conkin, James E. Contribution No. 26 of the Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Oli, WISA, sersscssceeees convexa, Tholosina ... 51 Coon Creek Tongue Cooper, Chalmer L. ...... Coopers Creek HOVHRMBHOWOIM DIS?) 232.2250 -2oce-apdepesoenseeeee ete 11.00 Peruvian Tertiary Mollusca. (Nos{64-67) «|: 286.pp.,'29 pls 2.0.2 2 ee 11.00 Mainly Tertiary Mollusca and Cretaceous corals. (NO; (G8)... 272- pp, s24-pls7 32a) ea Ne ee 10.06 Tertiary Paleontology, Peru. (Nos. 69-70C).: 266 pp., 26 DIS. .o....ele iis cenceseecocceenenecconepenee 10.00 Cretaceous. and Tertiary Paleontology. of Peru and Cuba. ; (Noss: 71-72). 321 pp., ‘12-plss te eee 11.00 Paleozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy. ' (Nos. 73-76). 356 pp., 31 pls. ...... SD wince