Ratwracitsts —— Sele hen ee ee ws Fas tn Gnas it ee ee ee SE ener eae So hatt—eh seme RRS ee ee RAP ese ; - athe at ee or a ~ eae eee ate Farah me S Pe es er Fo ne = : eS ee nr ——— te 1 a 5 bea: Pe LEE TINS AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vou. 6 NUME ER Si istity June 30, 1919 arbsab Harris Company Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. Oe eeuvaN as REM Saar Po) MES Vol. Bull. Amer. Paleont. Frontispiece Timothy Abbott Conrad 1803 - 1877 Isaac Lea 1792 - 1886 Sir Charles Lyell 1797 - 1875 Truman Hemingway Aldrich IS48 - BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY Vol. 6 No. 3! PELECYPODA OF THE ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE STAGES BY G. D. HARRIS Vue 30, Foro Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. VY. WS vA Harris Co. To The Hon. TRuMAN H. ALDRICH Who has continuously maintained that true Conradian love for Our Eocene Mollusca from the last days of that forgetful dreamer On into the Twentieth Century this work is Most respectfully dedicated By the. Author ACKNOWLEDGMENT In ’92, during one of those pseudo- economic, or political paroxysms that formerly afflicted our federal Geological Survey, the writer, an employé of that organization, very naturally found it necessary to seek other quarters where his work in Ter- tiary Paleontology could be advantageously continued. Through a recommendation of Chief Paleontologist Walcott (now Secre- tary of the Smithsonian Institution) such a haven was found on the State Geological Survey of Texas, then being ably adminis- tered by Mr. E. T. Dumble. Field parties had for several years been bringing into the Museum at Austin Tertiary material. A very little of this had been reviewed by Heilprin of Philadelphia, but the great mass was practically untouched. Two seasons’ work with visits to Washington and Philadel- phia to consult type material, and atrip through Alabama and Mississippi for additional specimens resulted in getting together a fairly complete monograph on the Texas Eocene Mollusca, a MS of some 350 pages and 31 plates. The illustration was ex- cellently done by the late McConnell and the plates were actual- ly engraved. However, till this day the report has remained unpublished. But the large share of the new species were long since brought out in the Philadelphia Academy’s Proceedings, and the lists of fossils from various localities have been very largely quoted. Occasionally in the present report the writer has made use of the proof plates from his old Texas Report. But in general, it has seemed best to use photographs of material now deposited in the University collection, for, aside from their lack, perhaps, in sheer artistic beauty, they do express the finer specific idiosyncrasies oftentimes far better than do the best of drawings. While conducting a Geological Survey of Louisiana for ten consecutive years considerable additional trans-Mississippian Eocene material was collected, especially during the early years of reconnaisasance when young Veatch’s (A. C.) delight in diffi- cult and successful exploits brought in splendid material from hitherto unheard of localities. While visiting Washington with pockets and bags full of material for comparison, the writer has been received by the Department of Mollusca as a prodigal son, in the spirit of true friendship. It is certainly fortunate for American Tertiary Paleontology that there has been at the National Museum a man of Dr. Dall’s erudition and sympathetic interests. It is much to be regretted that time and means have not been at the writer's command for properly illustrating more of Conrad’s type specimens at the Philadelphia Academy. Yet with the bivalves the need is not so great as with the univalves. The facilities for work already afforded at the Academy by the curator, Dr. Pilsbry could not be better and in the near future the writer hopes to have the greater, or, as yet poorly illustrated, part, of the Conradian collection properly photographed. Aside from the facilities the writer has enjoyed in working out his own material at various museums, mention must be made of the fact that among others, Dr. Dall of Washington, Hon. T. H. Aldrich of Birmingham, Alabama, and Prof. Whitney of Austin, Tex., have sent specimens for comparison and have loaned co-types and furnished materials used in various genera throughout this work as will be noted in reading descriptions and consulting the illustrations with their accompanying ex- planations. PELECYPODA OF THE ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE STAGES BY G. D. HARRIS In a general way the Eocene series of the Gulf border may very properly be subdivided into five stages,—three representing for the most part marine sedimentation ; two palustrine though lo- cally becoming marine and filled with beautifully preserved mol- lusca. Intheir natural sequence these stages are : Jackson stage, marine Claiborne stage, lignitic or lacustrine St. Maurice stage, Marine Sabine stage,* lignitic or lacustrine Midway stage, marine In the summer of 1895 the writer made a somewhat extended expedition in the Southern States east of the Mississippi, visiting and collecting from such localities as might furnish well preserved basal Eocene fossils. The results of this expedition were com- bined with observations previously made while on the Arkansas and Texas Geological Surveys, and published as Bulletin No. 4 (Amer. Pal.) June, 1896. After another extensive field season ina slightly more southern latitude along the outcropping of the next higher stage, Bulletin No. 9 appeared (June ’97) on the Pelecypoda of the Lignitic Stage; the Gastropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda followed in May ’99 as Bulletin rt. *Now known as the Sabine stage from the river by that name separ- ating Sabine County, Texas and Sabine Parish, La. and showing good fossil- 6 BULLETIN 31 6 Many things have delayed the appearance of our work on the higher Hocene stages. First among these has been an almost constant connection with National, State or private surveys de- manding a vast amount of time on subjects generally but distant- ly related to Tertiary paleontology, yet admitting of occasional studies of out-of-the-way places in middle Eocene areas, hence in- creasing our collections and adding slowly to our knowledge of these interesting stages. Five timesin our goings and com- ings to the Gulf region have we touched at the very center of mid-Hocene interest, Claiborne Bluff, collecting always new fossils and facts for future study and illustration. But from the very nature of human affairs there must come a time when field work is temporarily suspended and notes and fossils are given un- divided attention if this work, now so long delayed, is ever to appear. it would doubtless be more in accordance with precedent and perhaps more logical to treat here of the mollusca of the St. Maurice stage only, the so-called Lower Claiborne of our various previous contributions. For, the more we study the so-called Claiborne and Lower Claiborne faunas the more distinct do they appear. ‘The Lower Claiborne or St. Maurice represents an age of general depression along the Gulf border with widely distribut- ed molluscan remains ; the Claiborne, a somewhat uplifted lacus- trine condition with rarely local depressions sufficient to allow of the incursion of the warm seas from the south with their teeming marine life. One notable example of this kind is to be seen at the famous Claiborne bluff on the Alabama, though in the roadside iferous outcrops alongits banks. Exception has been taken to the name Sa- bine since Penrose made use of the expression “‘Sabine River beds” to in- clude certain horizons not included within the stage as now defined. This use of a descriptive expression can scarcely invalidate the clearly defined name as proposed by Veatch and sanctioned by the proper authorities of the U. S. Geological Survey. Thename Wilcox, since used by that bureau lacks priority and is based on an obscure county name in Alabama, one that in no way carries the historical significance of Sabine, nor would it be found on general maps of the United States. 7) ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 7 scarcely a mile above, the ‘‘sands’’ give way largely to lignitic deposits. However, the complete differentiation of these two stages has not been satisfactorily carried out in western Texas and in the Carolinas. Nor even in Georgia do we know to a certainty the distribution of each of these stages. Again, there is an advantage, physical at least, in having species of adjacent stages figured together on the same plate. References to the literature together with discussions of local and general stratigraphy will follow in due season. Hxtensive synonymies and discussions of provenance and relationship of species are withheld for publication in PALHONTOGRA PHICA AMERICANA. We are interested here solely in illustrating and describing the mid-EKocene molluscan fauna of our southeast- ern coast. Some species run through several Eocene stages and may have already been referred to and figured in previous Bull- etins on the Midway or Sabine stages. The mid-Hocene facies of such species will be herewith figured, but the original de- scription must be found by referring to former Bulletins. G. D. Harris. Cornell University, Hebel. 1OLo; iS aae BULLETIN 31 8 PEL EG we @DA, Ostrea alabamiensis Lea, Plates 1-5. O. gigantissima Finch (in part), undescribed, A. J. S., vel. 7, 1824, Pp. 39. O. alabamiensis Tea, Cont. to Geol., p. 91, pl. 3, fig. 71, 1833. O. semilunata Yea, ibid, p. 90, pl. 3, fig. 69. O. lingula-canis Lea, ibid, p. 92, pl. 3, fig. 72. O. pincerna Vea, ibid, p. 92, pl. 3, fig. 73. O. georgiana Co., Jr. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1834, vol. 7, p. 156. O. contracta Con., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1855, p. 269; also Mex- ican Boundary Surv., pl. 18, fig. 1. O. alabamiensis and georgiana Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 14-15. O. alabamensis de Gregorio, Mon. Faun. Eoc., 1890, p. 175, pl. 18. O. alabamiensis Cossm., Ann. de Géol., 1893, p. 18. O. claibornensis Con. MS, Harris, Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 1, p. 3, 1895. Ostrea alabamitensis Har., ibid., p. 3. O. alabamensis and georgiana (in part) Dall, Tr. Wag. Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, p. 678-683, 1895. ? Ostrea vomer Clark & Martin, Geol. Surv. Md. Eoc., p. 193, pl. 1, rgro. Lea’s original description.—Shell subelliptical, curved behind, crenu- late on both sides of the beak ; beaks recurved, pointed. Dita ea Length 2.1, Breadth 1.5 of an inch. A single valve only of this species has been received by me. The ex- terior of this is roughly squamose. ; The most remarkable character of this species is the fine di- varicate sculpturing of the corneous epidermis. O. prismatica Gray, as described by Reeve from Panama (Conch. Icon. pl. 1. fig. I) possesses this feature to some extent. Of the four forms figured and described by Lea, O. alabamiensis represents most clearly the normal form, hence the name has been retained in preference to the others, although one was described on a previous page. Lea’s figure of alabamiensis is, however, a little mislead- ing in that it appears to represent a fairly thick shell. The speci- men from which the figure was drawn is thin and pearlaceous. O. semilunata evidently grew in close proximity to a root, stick, stone or other object and became somewhat distorted. Its pe- culiar shape as figured caused Conrad to refer it to his O. selle- Jormts (Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, p. 15, 1865), amistake he certainly 9 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 9 would not have made had heever seen Lea’s shell. Occasionally at Claiborne and especailly at Gosport this species shows speci- mens of six or more inches in length (pl. 1). Some, of this character, in the Philadelphia Acad. Coll., are labelled in Con- rad’s handwriting Ostrea claibornensts. We strongly suspect that the surrounding conditions at Claiborne during the deposition of the ‘‘sands’’ were not favor- able for Oyster development. Shells grown to considerable size are often thin, very gibbous and Azomza-like (pl. 2, fig. 1 and pl. 6, fig. 1). These specimens show the exterior radiating lines already referred to at great advantage. If the oyster lives be- yond this stage, it seems diseased and is usually very much de- formed in some way or other (pl. 2, fig. 3). Parts may be very thin or thick ; exteriorly smooth or highly foliated (var. /rionzs pl. 5, fig. 1; marginal crenulations may be present or absent ; a great lengthening of the shell is of common occurrence, causing a contracted appearance toward the beak. Hence the derivation of the variety contracta (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., KOH5, Pp: 200 >and Mex: B' dy. Surv.; p. 160, pl. ne; digs, a bic d, 1857) of the Rio Grande section. Not all the specimens along the river are ‘‘contracted.’’ The more southerly, Jackson ex- posures as a rule furnish the typical coztracta while the northerly exposures, furnish more nearly typical alabamiensis. In this sec- tion of the country in late Eocene times, it appears that condi- tions were less hostile to this type than at Claiborne. Far to the east again, in eastern Georgia, South Carolina and North Caro- lina the georgzana flourished in great profusion. ‘That this is the eastern equivalent of contracta or well-fed alabamiensis, we have no doubt. It often shows the peculiar, radiate marking of the exterior referred to above. Type.—Alabaniensts. No. 5439 Phila. Acad. Of contracta, U. S. Nat. Mus. florizon.—-St. Maurice, Claiborne and Jackson Eocene. Specimens figured.—Mostly Mus. Cornell Univ. ; but pl. 4 and pl. 5, figs. 1 and 3 from Texas State Mus. Localities.—Texas : Along the Rio Grande 2 mls above San José, just above the mouth of Good Cr., Zapata Co. ; at Webb-Za- 10 BULLETIN 31 Io pata Co. line, 5, and 13 mls below Laredo ; Cedar Creek and Dunn ranch, Robertson Co. ; 5 mls W. of Crockett, W. of Caney Rayou, San Antonio road, Houston Co.; 4 mls N. E. Alto, Cherokee ; S. E. Corner of Frio Co. Large jspecimens described by Conrad as O. contracta were from ‘‘Oyster Point, near Mier, Tex.’’ Other localities for the same are: Rio Grande at Carrizo, above Roma, 15 mls below Carrizo and at Campbellton, Atascosa Co.; Oyster Bluff, Brazos River, Milam Co., 2 mls above the mouth of Pond Cr. South Fork of Hurricane Cr. Louisiana ; Sabine River, near Columbus as in nearby E. Tex.; 3 mls S. KE. of Negreet; in form of cast 2 mls N. of Plaindealing. Alabama : Claiborne, Gosport, Lisbon, Hamilton Bluff. Georgia - Grovetown, Shell Bluff. South Carolina : Rocky Swamp, Orangeburg Dist. LVorth Carolina; very abundant on the Neuse and Trent Rivers. See especially exposure near R. R. bridge at Pollocks- ville. The localities mentioned above are those from which we have personally identified this form. Various authors, especial- ly Dall, have mentioned this species (under the name of georgiana) as having a wide Oligocene distribution in Florida, as the ‘‘/ezt fossil’ of the Grand Gulf (See Trans. Wag. Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, p. 685, &c). Wecannot speak with authority on the wide geologic range here suggested. Ostrea selleformis, Plates 6-8. O. selleformis Con. Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., p. 27, pl. 13, fig. 2, 1832. O. radians Con. ibid, fig. 1. O. divaricata Lea, Con. to Geol., 1833, p. 91, pl. 3, fig. 70, 1833. O. selleformis Con., Proc. Nat. Inst., 1842, p. 192, pl. I, fig. I. O. selleformis Heilp., Ann. Rept. (IV), U. S. Geol. Sury., 1883, p. 21s Np 562, NSS. 2)>) plesepratt mens O. selleformis de Greg., Mon. Faun. EKoc., p. 175, pl. 19, ff 1-12, 1890. O. selleformis Dall (in part), Tr. Wag, III, p. 677, 1808. O. selleformis Clark and Martin, Geol. Surv. Md. ; Eocene, p. 192, pls. 48, 49, 1901. Ir ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA II Conrad describes the one valve of this species as radians: Oblong, compressed, lobed and flexuous on one side; the ribs numerous, radiated ; beaks very small, not prominent, pointed and a little curved laterally, Vance’s Ferry, S. C.; Claiborne, Ala. O. selleformis: Oblong, convex, thick and ponderous, lobed; one side of the larger valve profoundly sinuous and the opposite side gibbous ; smaller valve sinuous and a little convex ; dorsal margin long and slightly arched, with both extremities obtusely rounded. Since these are but different valves of the same species, Con- rad’s intimation that there are two valves of his selleformis was based on an error. ‘This error, however, he corrected in 1842, strangely choosing selleformis instead of radians, a more appro- priate name perhaps, and coming first in his original publication. As species are most generally defined in modern literature several of the sel/eformzs-like forms here included under one name might be regarded as distinct species. With a small amount of material at hand, from a limited number of localities, perhaps no cne would hesitate to affirm that very well defined species could be differentiated. But with the increase of material from intermediate localities the seeming dis- tinctness of certain types rapidly disappears. Nevertheless there is considerable fixity to some of these varietal forms and it is well worth while to have them defined and named and have their interrelations and stratigraphic significance pointed out. 0. selleformis var. smithvillensis, Plate 8 From Smithville, Tex., are derived numerous small speci- mens with thin shells, and rarely, larger representatives, show- ing one plicate valve and one nearly smooth valve, giving a somewhat compressirostvra appearance. Yet the plications are yery numerous and without the foliations and squamose charac- ‘ters of the latter species. ‘The flat valve shows signs of weak pli- cations. ‘There is an entire lack of a marginal kink or fold—the feature doubtless first suggesting the name selleformis. 0. selleeformis (typical) Pls. 6 and 7. Rarely in Texas do the large, ponderous, saddle-formed mu- tations of this species occur. From near Columbus on the Sabine, bet is) BULLETIN (31 12 eastward through Wautubbee and Hickory, Miss., Claiborne, Coffeeville and Lisbon, Ala.; Shell Bluff, Ga. ; Vance’s Ferry, 5S. C.; City Point and Piping Tree, Va., these heavyweights are of common occurrence. Young, comparatively thin specimens of this type havea wide distribution in the St. Maurice beds of Texas, and are not uncommon eastward to the Carolinas. In these the posterior kink is not always well defined and now and then there isa slight trace of radial sculpture on the flat valve. (See pl. 6.) Var. divaricata Lea simply represents young individuals with- out a definite posterior kink and without a posterior cardinal ala- tion. Such specimens are occasionally found with other varieties at Claiborne, Ala.,- Negreet, Wa., and elsewhere. »)(Seeyplye, fig. 7. Dall mentioned also Natchitoches Parish, La., Choctaw Bluff, Ala., and City Point, James River, Va. Var. vermilla de Greg. Like adzvaricata but with posterior alation of cardinal area. Described from Claiborne; our best specimens from Bienville Par., La. (See pl. 9, fig. 8.) Type.—Phila. Acad. ; from the lower calcereous layers, Claiborne Bluff, Ala. Florizon.—St. Maurice and Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—P\. 6, figs. 2-12, young specimens from the base of the bluff at Claiborne ; pl. 7, adult from the same lo- cality; pl. 8, var. smzthvillensis, C. U. Museum, from Smith- ville, Tex, ; pl. 9, fig. 7, var. divaricata, C. U. Mus., from New- ton, Miss. ; pl. 9, fig, 8, var. vermzlla, C. U. Mus., Beinville Par- slag bel Ostrea selizformis (?) var. lisbonensis, Pl. 9. Figs 1-6 We have never felt satisfied with the general reference of this form to sel/leformts and have long kept it apart from Conrad’s species in our collections under the designation of /zsbonensis. It occurs large and well defined at Lisbon, Ala., but it is in Louisi- ana where it is typically and extensively developed. When adult, it reaches about one-half the dimensions of the large sel/eformzs in the bluff at Claiborne. The coarse plications, aviculoid form, 13 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 3 posterior emargination and convexity of both valves which, by the way, are of a thick, dense make-up, distinguish it from the thin, nearly flat, multicostate, less aviculoid, less emarginate and early kinked young and adolescent individuals of sel/leformzs. Whitfield described in U.S. Geol. Surv. Mon. IX, p. 222, pl. 29, fig. 2, 1885, acast of an oyster from the Shark River Ho- cene beds of New Jersey under the name of O. glauconotdes, and referred specimens from the base of the bluff at Claiborne to this species. But, even with the New Jersey type in hand (kindly ioaned by State Geologist Ktimmel) it is impossible to state whether the New Jersey and Claibornian specimens should be re- ferred to the species. The former evidently had a much thinner shell and was inflated near the beak. Type.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene.’ Specimens figured.—Chestnut, La.; Harris Collection, now deposited at Cornell. Localities.—Collier’s Ferry, Burleson Co., likewise from Bra- zos, Robertson, Cherokee Co’s., Tex. ; Natchitoches, Marble Q’y, Chestnut, 35 mls $. EH. of Creston, in Bienville Phrish, and at Chautauqua, La; Lisbon and Hamilton Bluff, Ala. Fig 1. Ostrea var. perplicata Dall Variety perplicata Dali Dall in his Florida Fossils as published in the Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, vol. 3, p. 678, names a a . 14 BULLETIN 31 14 variety of selleforimis, perplicata from ‘‘Kocene, Caton’s Bluff, Conecuh River, Alabama; L. C. Johnson.’’ ‘This is an inalate form of the same stock as our /sbonensis. ‘The description reads : ‘Shell very heavy, arcuate triangular, with coarse, rounded, numerous divaricating ribs (twenty-five to forty), no auriculation or posterior sinuosity of the margin near the hinge, the upper valve extraordinarily ponderous, the general form regular and uniform, the valve margins nearly or quite simple. The figures herewith shown are of ‘‘Co-types’’ kindly fur- nished by Dall, and are in the U. S. Nat. Mus. collection. Ustrea vicksburgensis, var. ludoviciana. n. var. Pl. 10, figs. I-10 In Conrad’s description of O. vicksburgensis he gives no characteristics that would necessarily demand that this variety be referred to this species. The description (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, p. 296) reads as follows : Plicated ; very irregular and adhering, the upper valve not fiat, but swelling in anirregular manner. Height 13 in. Their is nothing peculiar about this shell, yet it is clearly distinct from any other species of the American Tertiary hitherto described. Common. This species is again described in the Journal of the Acad- emy, (vol. 1, p. 126) and a figure is given (pl. XIII, fig. 5) but with this additional information the species would still be ill de- fined. It has sometimes been referred to O. panda Mort. on account of fig. 10, pl. 19, of Morton’s Synopsis. The name panda, how- ever, applies only to the species from the vicinity of St. George’s on the Delaware and Chesapeake canal, referred primarily by Morton (1830, A. J. S. vol. 17, p. 284) to evistagalli with a ques- tion, and figured as such in vol. 18, pl. 3, fig. 22. The name panda was proposed in 1833 (zd. vol. 23, p. 293) for this Cre- taceous species. In 1834, in the ‘‘Synopsis &c’’ Morton includes several Tertiary specimens under the name Janda and figures one on pl. 19, he. 10. ' Gabb, 1861, Ceroc. Phila: Ac) seempaiemis impropriety proposed the name orton for the Tertiary speci- mens. An examination of the specimens in the Phila. Academy 15 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 15 Gabb had before him in naming mortonz, is quite sufficient to prove their identity with vicksburgensis. One specimen, Morton’s original of fig. 10 and used by Gabb as one of his mortonz, had a general resemblance to our form /adoviciana. The radiating ridges are rather sharp plications than rounded ribs so common in /zdo- viclana—somewhat like the ornamentation of the Miocene szbfa/- cata. It passes insensibly into coarsely plicate wicksbhurgenszs two or three inches in diameter. Varietal characterization.—General form and size as figured ; left valve gibbous, extended at lower posterior margin; ribs on post-umbonal slope faint, generally about six in number ; anter- iorly, ribs strong, 6-12 often bifurcating, especially strong from beak to posterior margin. Lesser valves concave, decidedly of the appearance of the lesser valves of some small Hxogyras. Type.—Harris collection at Cornell Univ. No’s. 2-6, Natch- itoches, a.-- 1, 7-10, Chestnut, La. Geologic horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Localities.—Especially in Natchitoches Parish, La., about Natchitoches, Provencal, Robeline and Chestnut ; also Bienville Parish and Columbus, Sabine Parish. That it occurs as far east as Alabama several not exactly localized specimens from this State in the Museum attest. Long drawn out, claw-shaped mu- tations are common along the Sabine River, near Columbus. Ostrea johnsoni, Pl. 10, figs. 11-15. O. johnsoni Ald., Bull. 1, Ala. Geol. Surv., 1886, p. 41, pl. 6, fig. 6. Aldrich’s original description.—‘Shell large, thick ; both valves con- vex; beaks pointed in lower valve; breadth of shell greater than length ; both valves strongly plicate, generally with six folds, the plications becom- ing very deep with age, the concave part between the two basal folds run- ning out into a long curved tongue; surface strongly laminated, lamin terminating at edge of shell; attachment scar not visible ; ligamental area with a rather deep, transversely striated furrow in the lower valve, shallow- er and broad in the upper; muscular scar, large nearest the base and pos- terior margin ; curved, spatulate, nearly straight on upper side. This form seems to be confined tothe Lower Claibornian above the Buhrstone.’”’ Dall remarks (Trans. Wag. III. p. 681): ‘“Thisis an excellent species with a few strong plications, making the valves claw-like.’’ na(ON Ae BULLETIN 31 16 The number of plications varies greatly, see pl. ro. This species seems to have a very limited range, from Cune- cah River, Ala., to Newton, Miss. Type.— Aldrich Coll. (Johns Hopkins Univ. Mus. ) Hlorizon.— St. Maurice. Specimen figured.—Cornell Univ. Mus. (11-13, Caton’s Bluff ; 15, Lisbon, Ala.) Localities.—Claiborne, Lisbon, Newton, (jde Ald.) also at Caton’s Bluff, Conecuh River, Ala. Anomia ephippioides Pl. rr, yRIgSseie3- A. ephippioides Gabb, Ja. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d Ser., vol. 4, 1860, p. 388, pl. 67, fig. 59. A. ephippioides Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., vol. 3, 1898. p. 782. Gabb’s original description.—‘‘Very irregularly sub-quadrate, some- times very nearly circular, sometimes almost triangular ; convex, occasion- ally marked by longitudinal rugee, and always by distinct lines of growth ; lower valve, the muscular foramen large, ligament margin thickened. Size of largest specimen: Length 1.5 in., width 1.3 in.” This species ina general way resembles 4. szmplex of our coast (sometimes called A. ephippium, hence Gabb’s name). Specimens when well preserved show a peculiar postulose exter- ior, the pustules in some instances becoming elongated. Although Gabb’s types are supposed to be in the Phila. Academy’s collection none there show the ‘‘lower valve.’’ This with a larger form usually referred to “sbonensis occurs in great abundance from the Rio Grande to the Sabine almost wherever the St. Maurice beds are represented. Although specimens of Azomza are abundant in the Lower Claiborne (St. Maurice) of Louisiana, the pustulate type becomes rare and the generally larger, smooth //sbonensis predominates. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Cornell Univ. Mus. Localities.—From 13 mls below Laredo, northeastward through- out ‘Texas to the Sabine about Sabinetown. LF ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 17 Anomia lisbonensis, Plann.) Bigs: 6-10 H.. ephipptioides var. lisbonensis Ald. Bull. 1, Geol. Sury. Ala., 1886, p. 41, pl. 4, fig. 6. zl. lisbonensis Dall, Trans. Wag. &c, vol. 3, 1898. p. 781. Aldrich’s characterization of lisbonensis.—‘Shell thin, pearly, subor- bicular ; upper valve smooth, slightly wrinkled onthe umbo ; lines or growth distant; hinge line doubly sigmoid, the extremities winged. Muscular scars indistinct. Locality.—Lisbon and beds at base of Claiborne Bluff. The type is externally marked with broad radiating bands of color. On comparison with A. ephipfoides Gabb, it appears much larger and more transverse ; that species is not smooth externally, and is often plicate. It occupies the same horizon however.”’ We have several good specimens of the larger valve of this form from these type localities, some of which are shown by the figures, 6, 7, 8. We would not be at all surprised if some of the more radiately marked specimens, from the Lisbon vicinity are the same as Conrad’s A. jugosa although he labelled the type of that species (now in the Academy’s collection) from the ‘‘White Limestone of South Carolina,’’ The interior of that specimen seemed to us more like hard gray marl than ‘‘white limestone.”’ Conrad’s figure of jugosa shows the feeble ribs much too distinct- ‘ly. They areremarkable for showing a down-bowing of the lines of growth as they pass over the obscure costee. Asremarked above, the pustulose specimens of 4zomza in our collections are Texan. ‘The markings in “sbonenzs, besides con- centric lines of growth consist generally of microscopic hachures as Shown by figure 9. ‘There is, too, a slight tendency to show interrupted radial foliation. Figs. 9, 10 are from the same local- ity in N. W. Louisiana, Hammett’s Branch. Fig. roshows how even here there is a tendency for the otherwise /zsbonensis to be- come slightly pustulose in places. Type.—Aldrich Coll., now at Johns Hopkins Univ. Fforizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Geol. Mus., Cornell Univ. Localities. —Common in Texas with ephippiordes ; Mt. Leban- on—Hammett’s Branch, Natchitoches, Chestnut, in Louisiana ; Lisbon and base of bluff at Claiborne, Ala. Thin, delicate spec- 18 BULLETIN 31 18 imens of this species are common at Hamilton Bluff, Ala. Anomia navice!lodies var. hammetti Har., PL 12. (Bigsw ieee Varietal characterization.—Shell long-ovoid as illustrated : rather thick, very flat, somewhat curved ; exterior marked by a large number of irregularly divaricating, radiate riblets having a tendency to develop minute, hollow prickles ; broad, concentric undulations irregularly disposed. Along with this upper left valve there are fragments of heavy right valves, shown on pl. 11, figures 4 and 5 that in all probability belong to this species, though we have not thus far found two valves together to prove the question beyond a doubt. These show a remarkable thickening about the opening as well as about the whole cardinal -area. Type.-—Deposited in Pal. Mus., C. U. Florizon.— St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens jigured.—F rom Hammett’s Branch, La. Localities—Hammett’s Branch and Bayou Negreet, La. Plicatula filamentosa Con., Pl. 12, fig. 3, et. seq. See Bull. Am. Pal. vol. 2, p. 233. Also P. filamentosa Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., ’98, p. 762. The appearance of radii within young shells and their grad- ual obscuring by calcareous thickening within is well shown by figures 4, 5 and 6. De Gregorio (Koc. Faun. Ala., p. 179) has described a young valve like fig. gas ‘‘Spondylus amusstopse.”’ Exteriorly just outside the irregular attachment area, faint radi- ating plications appear in young forms, especially of the upper Sabine horizon. Next, strongly marked concentric lines of growth at certain regular intervals giving the appearance of fim- briate radiating lines ; fourthly, deep radial folding, often mainly sub-marginal. ‘The Sabine forms have more regular and numer- ous plications than the later specimens of this species. But the concentric lines with the tendency to produce ribs of a second or- der is already noticeable in a few specimens from Hatchetigbee. Typical jfilamentosa must be regarded as the Claiborne form, shown by figs 3-8. A comparatively small number of plications, 19 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 19 superposed by fine secondary rays anda strong tendency to have the hinge line extended, giving the shell an auriculate aspect are features tending to differentiate this from earlier varieties. Variety concentrica Dall (Trans. Wag., p. 762.) ‘‘Is marked by a total disappearance of radial striz and the development of fine, even, regularly spaced, concentric, elevated sculpture all over the shell.’’ This tends to give way to the usual flamentosa structure when a dozen or so specimens are examined from any one local- ity. (Seefigs. 9 and 12.) Variety planata (Ald., Jr. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1886, p. 45, pl. 2, fig. 20) is one of the commonest forms in the St. Maurice. Here the wrinkling of the concentric lines at even in- tervals causing radii of various orders or dimensions, reaches the limit. So important does this feature become that the original concentric lines are practically obliterated. and rows of scaly spines, hollow and long in certain rays are the dominating feature of the shell surface. See fig. 17. Large old specimens like fig. 16 often show clearly a tendency to become strongly plicate about the basal margin. ‘These plications are however, more nu- merous than in the later Claiborne sand specimens. Types.—P. filamentosa (Phila. Acad.) ; concentrica (U.S. Nat. Nus.) ; planata (Ald. Coll., J. H. Univ. Coll.) fforizon.—Uppermost Sabine to Jackson. Specimens figured.—Cornell Univ. Paleont. Mus. Localities.—For filamentosa, sen. sty., Claiborne sands ; for concentirca, pre-eminently the Texas variety, common in Cher- okee, Anderson, Houston and Robertson Co’s; Columbus and Negreet, Sabine Pam., La., Wautubbee, Miss.; for flanata, Newton, Hickory, Wautubbee, H. Johnson’s, Miss. and St. Maurice, Cooper’s Well, Winnfield, about 1000 ft., La. Pecten deshayesii Plo i340 igs: 2-7. P. deshayesii Vea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 87, pl. 3, fig. 66. P. lwelli Veatd. p, 87, pl. 3, fig. 67. P. deshayesii de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc., 1890, p. 180, pl. 21, figs. 12-15. Lea’s original description.—Shell orbicular, rather compressed ; ears 20 BULLETIN 31 20 nearly equal; substance of the shell rather thick ; ribs about twenty-one, large, alternating with as many small ones, all imbricate ; beaks pointed. Diam. : 5 Length 1.3, Breadth 1.3 of an inch Lea’s original description of lyelli.—Shell longitudinal, rounded be- low, angular above, compressed ; ears very unequal, having a channel on the larger one ; substance of the shell thin; ribs about twenty-ywo, round- ed, slightly imbricate ; beaks acutely angular. Diam. ‘ 3 Length .8, Breadth .7 of an inch. There seems to be considerable uncertainty as to what, and how many species of Pecten really come from the Claiborne sands. Dall says regarding deshayesi (Trans. Wag., III, p. 738): ‘‘This species is positively known to occur in the Jacksonian at Clai- borne and elsewhere, but I have obtained no specimens from the vast amount of marl belonging to the true Claiborne sands horizon which has come under my notice.’’ Cossmann finds this species ‘‘excessivement rare’’ in his bar- rel-full of sand. Our various collection at the same horizon and place, when- ever at all extensive, have never failed to produce several good specimens of /ecten of this and perhaps other nearly related forms. The specimens of this so-called species found in famous ‘“‘sands’’ are very variable in outline, size and markings. | What one usually finds is just what Lea described: one or more large left valves, quite highly ornamented, along with smaller right valve with simpler ribbing. The right valves seem more elong- ate, just as Lea remarks under his /ye//7. Along with these, one generally secures fragments, at least, of large right valves with flat, smooth, broad ribs, regarded by some as having been worn. (See iploy ra eS) The right valve while young possesses a very prominent an- terior byssal ear with a deep notch, and a broad shallow groove extending to the beak, also about 5 imbricate rays; posterior ear much smaller, forming an angle of approximately 90 de- grees with the hinge line and having about 5, often double, rays; general shell surface with ribs equalling interspaces in width, about 18 well defined ribs on the face of the shell, with half a dozen or so fine radiating lines or subdivided riblets on QI St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 21 the lateral umbonal margins; surface ornamentation, imbricate concentric lines ; ribs often showing an incilnation to bifurcate on marginal areas, at least a deeply incised line is often seen on the tops of the ribs in these regions; near basal margin there is a tendency to show obscurely, however, three raised lines on top of main ribs and one or three lines in the inter-costal area. Left valve while young showing markings similar to those described above, with more nearly equal ears, however, anda tendency to show at an earlier age three lines on top of the ribs; and a strong line (often between two others) between the ribs , irregularities like subdivision of coste, increasing comparative width of interradial spaces, great increase in radiating, fimbriate lines on top of ribs on their sides and in interspaces, apparent; shell deepening rapidly with age. Occasionally on certain portions of the exterior of the left valve a strong bi-partite structure is seen in the ribbing. This has given rise to the varietal name #7mus by de Gregorio. We do not think it of even varietal rank. Concerning the type of deshayes? in the Phila. Acad. it may be noted+that it shows 20-22 primary, with as many inter-ribs ; the latter apt to be on the anterior side of the intercostal space; traces of tertiary riblets; few signs of riblets superim- posed on primary ribs; finely, evenly crinkled, concentric in- cised lines on ears. The type specimen of /yel/Z has about an equal number of ribs ; but slight traces of intercostee and concentric line ; ribs not showing bifurcation as plainly as is indicated by fig 7, pl. 13 of this work. Types.—Philadelphia Acad. Coll., Cat. Nos. 5425, 5426. Localities and Horizon.—Typically in the Claiborne sand horizon. A specimen seemingly of the /yel/7form is in our col- lection from the Orangeburg district, S. C. Specimens figured.—Collections at Cornell Univ. Pecten wautubbeanus Dall, PIA Eigs) 1.25304) P. (Chlamys) wahtubbeanus Dall, Trans. Wag. &c, 1898, vol. 3, p. 736, pl. 34, fig. 9. 22 BULLETIN 31 22 Dall’s original description.—Shell small, flattish, with small, unequal ears and rounded disk ; fourteen or fifteen ribs carrying basally three dense- ly finely imbricated, rounded threads, the interspaces narrower with two crenulate threads; submargins with close, fine, imbricate threads ; ears prom- inent, with a deep wide, byssal notch, radiately imbricate with coarse ele- vated radial threads; interior with shallow sulci, the cardinal crura devel- oped but no lirae on the disk. Alt. 22, lat. 22mm. This species differs from the Claibornian* . deshayesti Lea by its threaded and less individualized ribs, its similarly sculptured valves, more conspicuous notch, and concentric sculpture and smaller size when adult. We have emended the spelling of this species, the “‘h’’ having crept into the name from bad orthograpy of the collector. Dall states that this species is ‘‘abundant at Wautubbee.’’ Our col- lections furnish many fine specimens from Wautubbee, but we scarcely feel like giving it the wide geologic range implied in “‘Claibornian and Jacksonian of Louisiana, Alabama and Mississ- ippi.’’ This species is extremely variable in appearance, even at the type locality. The right valve seems to be far more abundant and is flatter than the left andis moreapt to assume a worn ap- pearance (see fig. 1). While the ribs, about the periphery in the right valve, nearly always show the tri-partite markings described by Dall, such secondary ornamentation on the left valve are far less conspicuous though present on the lower margin of the shell (see fig. 3). On the type specimen, however, such markings are well defined. Whenever the middle one of the three riblets is strongest, then, whether the rib be worn or intact, it apearsnarrow. When- ever the lateral riblets are well developed the rib has a broad ap- pearance and the interspaces seem narrow and deep. In extreme cases the riblets are not distinctly developed but the imbricate lines of growth are welldefined. The general aspect of the shell is accordingly greatly changed. Quite often, however, after a very marked growth line, the tri-partite ornamentation reappears. A very gibbose, perhaps somewhat pathologic specimen in our *Note that on p. 738, Trans. Wag. III no Pectens are known from the Claiborne sand. 23 St. MAauRICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 22 collection from near Negreet P. O., La. shows this feature in a remarkable degree. The broad ribbed variety we have named cainet, see below. Also see fig. 8, type of variety. From the selleformis, light-colored layers near the base of the bluff at Clai- borne thin, varietal forms are found, one of which herewith fig- ured (fig. 5) is quite as large as the average deshayest from the sends above. It is characterized by the scaly spinosity of the b1- partite ribbing shown on valves of w#llcoxi Dall (fig. 6), and de- scribed also as deshaysei var. tirmus by de Gregorio. The intimate relationship of some forms of deshayest and waz- tubbeanus may also be noted by the fact that the usual small right valves generally known as Jye///, in the collection of the U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 116,012, are classed as wautubbeanus. Type.—U. S. Nat. Museum. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Wautubbee and Hickory, Miss. var. ; fig. 5 from base of bluff at Claiborne. Localities. —Simpkins place, 3 mls S. E. of Negreet, and St. Maurice, La; Wautubbee, Hickory, 8 mls W. of Enterprise, Miss. ; 3 mls S. W. of Orangeburg, S. C.; Coffeeville, base of bluff at Claiborne, Ala. Pecten (wautubbeanus var?) willcoxi Dall, Pl. 14. Figs. 6, 7. P. ( Wautubbeanus) var. willcoxi Dall, Trans. Wag. &c., vol. 3, 1898, P. 737, pl. 29, fig. 4. Dall’s original description—Shell small, broad, flattish, thin ; left valve with about sixteen narrow, rounded, elevated ribs, with somewhat sparse, regularly spaced prickles on their tops; between the ribs are similar, but lower and smaller, non-dichotomous radial threads; submargin very narrow, nearly plain, with faint Camptonectes striation ; ears small, subequal, except the byssal ear, which is longer, narrow, with a deep sinus and con- spicuous fasciole, and about sixty scabrous radii, the right posterior ear with concentric striz and only faint traces of a few radii; the ears on the left valve similar, with five or six strong scabrous threads ; internal basal margin of left valve with short flutings in harmony with the radial sculpture ; the disk not grooved ; in the right valve the internal channels are more pro- nounced ; the right hinge line has a single crural ridge parallel with the margin on each side ofthe pit. Alt. 23, lat. 24 mm. This form is closely related to P. wautubbeanus, from which it differs by the isolated character of the prickles on the ribs, which are replaced in wautubbeanus by more or less continuous concentric lamellation, while the 24 BULLETIN 31 24 . ribs of the right valve of the latter are more or less split up, but in P. widl- coxi present the appearance of a fascicle of separate threads. In worn spec- imens of zwautubbeanus the ribs appear rounded and plain after the removal ofthe scales; in wz7//coxi the division into threads is distinct. Nevertheless it is possibie that a larger series may show the two forms to be merely the extremes of a single species. From /. membranosus the present form is easily distinguished by wider hinge line, larger ears, thinner shell, and by its radial threads fasciculated rather than subequally level. We have given Dall’s statements in full regarding this form for but few specimens seem to have been included in any of our collections. The specimens figured were loaned from the U. S. Nat. Musenm through Dr. Dall and came from “‘Clark Co.’’, Miss. Type.—U. S. Nat. Museum. Horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. General distribution.— ‘‘Kocene of Clark Co., Miss., and of the Wautubbee Hills (Claibornian) ; Johnson and Burns.’’— Dall. Variety Cainéi n. var., Pl. 144 higaS This is characterized by the broad, simple ribs ornamented with densely arranged, imbricate concentric lines. Namnied in honor of T. A. Caine, a former student who col- lected a large amount of material from eastern Miss. Type.—C. U. Collection. Hlorizon.—St. Maurice Stage. Localities. —Wautubbee and Hickory, Miss. Pecten pulchricosta Ald, and Mr., Pl. 14, Figs. 9, Io. P. pulchricosta, Ald. Mr., Jr. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1886, p. 45, pl. 2, fig. 23, a. P. pulchricosta Dall, Trans. Wag., 1898, p. 730. Ald. and Meyer's original description.—Convex, covered by eight broad, rounded, radiating ribs. perceptible in the inside ; those in the mid- dle are largest. Near the ventral margin they dissolve into more numerous ribs. Wautubbee: only the figured valve is known. Dall has increased our knowledge regarding the specific characters of this species from National Museum material. He says: 25 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 25 “Shell small, thin, with eight large ribs, which near the umbo are di- vided by one or two well-marked sulci, which soon become obsolete, after which the ribs are simple ; the surface sculpture is of even, uniform, crowd- ed, concentric elevated lines. The ears are subequal, the byssal notch well niarked”’. The sulci mentioned by Dall are caused by a tendency on one or both sides of the big ribs to form secondary riblets. This is especially noticeable near the umbo, but reappears near the margin as implied by Aldrich and Meyer’s description. We do not find the number eight so rigidly fixed for the ribs as former descriptions imply. Pecten clavatus of the Mediterran- ean isclosely allied to this form. Aldrich and Meyer seem to have had only the right valve ; Dall, only theleft. By a slight lapsus in the latter’s work it is bitced to the Jacksonian a Type.—Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ. Mus. Fforizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Cornell Univ. Mus. Locality.— Wautubbee. Pecten clarkeanus Aldrich, Pl. 15. Figs. 8-13. P. clarkeanus Aldrich, Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 1, p. 68, pl. 6, fig. 11, 1895. P. frontalis Dall, partim, Trans. Wag., II, p. 753, 98 For Aldrich’s original description, see Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 1, p. 68, as cited above. This is a remarkably interesting and variable species as Ald- rich has already pointed out. The vast number of young or small forms show the beautifully fine and distinct radiation about the umbo though with but slight traces of radiate sculpturing over the general surface of the shell (figs. 10, 12). Camptonectes marking is, however, well defined. Occasionally the radiate sculpturing expands and lengthens and covers the entire surface of the shell (figs. 8, 13). Againit appears about the margins only (fig.9.) ‘The shell substance is thin, and as Aldrich re- marks, recalls P. scintillatus. At the type locality only, Sowilpa Cr., have we observed (in specimens kindly loaned by Aldrich) the particular form of ribbing shown on pl. 6, vol. 1 of these Bulletins. (See also pl. 15, fig. 8, of the present work). Even these specimens are not so thick and solid looking as the figure 26 BULLETIN 31 26 perhaps suggests. This fact has doubtless led Dall to consider a much more rugged form from the Brazos River, Tex., as true clarkeanus (Trans. Wag. III, 739, ’98). Not unfrequently valves of this species show a faint, broad. quinqute-costate structure (see figs. 10 and 11). Small specimens of this species inthe Academy Collection are labelled P. frontalis Dall. "This name Dall gave to take the place of P. rogerst Clark which was pre-occupied. (See Trans. Wag., pp. 731 and 753). Of the equivalency of this Virginia form and others from the Jackson of Miss. we cannot speak with authority, Clark noticed his /apsus and renamed his vogerst, P. dalli, though just after Dall had proposed the name frontalis. The Va. forms are doubtless closely allied to clarkeanus, but Aldrich’s name has three years priority over Dall’s and Clark’s. Type.—Aldrich Coll. Johns Hopkins Univ. Coll. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—C. U. Coll. Localities.—Sowilpa Cr. in type form (figs. 8 andg). At Hamilton Bluff and Lisbon often in abundance as small, almost smooth, very thin and scn?illatus-like specimens, though some- times large and smooth or sometimes with evident costation. Pecten (clarkeanus ? var.) burlesonensis, n. var., Pl. 14) Higssii ai pies A: P. (Chlamys) clarkeanus Dall, Trans. Wag. III, p. 739, ’98. P. deshayesti Heilp., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1890, p. 403. P. deshayesi Kennedy, Proc. Phila. Acad., &c., ’95. This is the form in Texas that has usually passed under the name of deshayesi in reports on Eocene paleontology of the State, but it is really much more nearly related to darkeanus as described elsewhere in these Bulletins. However, it is generally somewhat higher, or narrower with a less expanding umbonal angle, thicker or heavier, and with more pronouncedly radiately sculptured than clarkeanus. ‘The surface about the umbones when smooth have a somewhat worn appearance without the fine umbonal radi- ation and the Camptonectes marking so well shown in clarkeanus. The only reason for referrring this to darkeanus at all, is that, although it is generally of the rather sharplv ribbed type, it does 27 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 27 show, say at Burleson’s Bluff, a vast rangein surface markings both as to number, strength and extent of ribs. In this respect it resembles clarkeanus. It will be interesting to note in the future the characteristics of the related types found in Louisiana and Mississippi. Type.—Burleson Shell Bluff, C. U. Mus. Horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Fig. 11, loaned from U. S. Nat. Mus. Figs. 12, 13, deposited in C. U. Paleont. Mus. Localites.—Burleson Shell Bluff, Collier’s Ferry or Black Bluff shoals and Smithville, Tex. Pecten cawcawensis, n. sp., Pl. 1 Figs. 1-77 _ Specific characterization.—Size and outline asindicated by the figures; surface ornamentation,—about 23 ribs on each valve, broad with narrow interspaces on the right, narrower with wider interspaces on the left; rarely ‘signs of intercosteze on the right, common on the left ; imbricating, fine, concentric, lamellee more pronounced on the right valve. This form has usually passed under the name of deshayesz, but it will be seen by examining pls. 14 and 15 that the ribs of cawcawensis are much more sharply defined and differentiated and lack the excessive ornamentation of superimposed riblets with scaly imbrications in high relief. However, both are of the same stock and doubtless will seem to intergrade when enough material is collected from a large number of Mid-Eocene localities. Types.—Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Localities. —Columbia Road, 17 mls N. of Orangeburg, S. C. (not far from Cawcaw Swamp) ; Claiborne, Ala? (see pl. 13, fig. 8). Above Newbern, Neuse River, N. C. Specimens from a locality numbered 5,205 in the U. S. Nat. Mus. Catalogue (Flint River, old Danville Ferry, 16% mls E. of Americus, Ga.) labelled deshayest are more probably varieties of CAWCAWENSTS. 28 BULLETIN 31 28 Pecten scintillatus var. corneoides, n. var., Pl. 15. Figs. 15, 16. Pseudamusium claibornense Har., partim, Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 2, p. 235, pl. 13, fig. 1. P. calvatus Dall (non Mort), partim, Trans. Wag., III, 98, p. 752. P. scintillatns Dall, partim, id., p. 752. Specific characterization.—Form and size as indicated by the figures (see also fig. in Bull. Am. Pal. referred to in the synony- my) ; substance of the shell thicker when adult than in seztlatus of the Jacksonian ; appearance like that of corneus of England, though smaller; surface practically without markings save the fine concentric lines of growth anda few radiating rays on the anterior ear, such rays when adult, separated by a rather broad, smooth space fromthe anterior margin of the shell as indicated in fig. 16 ; posterior ear in adult shell with exterior angle ap- approximating 90° and not so obtuse as in scdwdzllatus (fig. 14) nor so acute as in calvatus ; young shells in Mississippi, St. Maurice stage, approaching close in outline to sczztcllatus, but hete as elsewhere so far as observed no Camptonectes marking (so finely shown in sczztzllatus) have been observed ; left valve very flat in umbonal region, becoming deeper centrally and basal- ly, with a faint, medial fold rapidly expanding basally. Type specimen.—The Hatchetigbee specimen figured in Bull. Am. Pal, as cited above. florizon.—Sabine and St. Maurice. Specimens figured.—Deposited in C. U. Mus., St. Maurice. Localities.—Three miles E. of Alto, Cherokee Co.,° near Crockett, Houston Co., Tex. St. Maurice, Winnfield Marble Quarry and Hammett’s Branch, La. Hickory and Wantubbee, Miss. Hatchetigbee, and base of bluff at Claiborne, Ala. Specimens of this form from Enterprise Miss., in the U.S. Nat. Museum, No. 137,665, are labelled P. sczztillatus. Amussium squamulum Lamarck ? Pl. 15) Bigs) aioe For synonymy and discussion see Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 2, p. 1897, p. 236. In the St. Maurice stage as exhibited about the mouth of Negreet Bayou, La., there are often many badly preserved speci- 29 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 29 mens very similar apparently to these we have referred to hereto- foreas A. sguamulum. ‘They are, however, about 4o per cent larger than the Woods Blufi specimens, are perhaps a little more regularly inflated, and have the interior ribbing extending not so near the lower margin. Specimens figured.—Negreet Bayou, La; deposited in Pal eont. Mus., Cornell Univ. Lima harrisiana Aldrich, PiserGye Eisen 2 L. harrisiana Ald., Nautilus, vol. 24, 1910, p. 74, pl. 4. figs. Io, II. Aldrich’s original description.—Shell oblong, slightly oblique, radi- ally sculptured, covered with close-set lines slightly nodular; between them in the sunken spaces are fine dotted lines which die out towards the hinge line andumbo. The ribs are very numerous, near the umbo on one side they ap- pear quite nodulous ; ears very unequal, hinge nearly straight, but somewhat inclined to the central axis. In a young specimen the ribs appear to be nod- ulous and the inner margin denticulated. Longest axis 17 mm. Locahty.—Smithville, Texas. Remarks : This species seems to be rather close to ZL. wvickshurgiana Dall, but has many more ribs, over 50 in all. We have found one specimen belonging to this genus in the Mid-Eocene of America and that is the one herewith figured. The Z. ozarkana described by usin aformer Bulletin from the Sabine stage belongs to quite a different type of Lzma. Type.—Aldrich collection. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.— Deposited at Cornell. Localities —Smithville, Tex. ; Atlanta road six miles W. of Winnfield, La., S. E. of the so-called Marble Quarry. Spondylus sp. Accompanying the Winnfield specimen of ZL. harristana is a fragment of Spondylus of dumosum type but too imperfect for further characterization. Pieria limula Conrad, Pl. 16. Figs. 3-7. Avicula limula Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Oct. 1833, p. 39. A. claibornensis Lea, Cont. to Geol. Dec. 1833, p. 86, pl. 3, fig. 65. A. claibornensis de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc.. 1890, p. 183, pl. 22, fig. 4. A. cardincrassa de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc., 1890, p. 184, pl. 22, 30 BULLETIN 31 39 figs. I-2. Conrad’s original description.—Shell convex, with slight concentric undulations; umbo tapering gradually towards the apex, which is acute, but not prominent ; wings large and very oblique; sinus of the posterior margin not profound ; nacre very pearly and irridescent. Height 1% inches. This species seems to vary considerably in obliquity, and thickness of shell. It seems never to occur in perfect condition ; generally only the thicker, umbonal region isfound. By exam- ining the fragments, however, it becomes apparent that the wing was quite pointed ; rudiments of cardinal teeth in left valve ob- vious ; ligament submergent, broad. liypes—. Bina ncad. INar Set : Geological horizon.—Claibornian and St. Maurice, and per- haps Sabine Eocene. None with the thickening of the valves shown by the figures on pl. 16 (figs. 3-7) have come to the writ- er’s attention from horizons below the Claibornian. Specimens figured.—Claiborne sands, Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. A fairly perfect specimen of a left valve, thinner and much more erect, possibly of this species, has been found 2 miles W. of Crockett, Houston Co., Tex. Coll. Univ. of Tex. Pinna gravida, n.sp., Pl. 16.) Pige:S-me Specific characterization.—Shell moderate in length, but of extreme convexity, giving a cross-section half way from beak to posterior almost a circular form ; nearer the beak the cross-sec- tion appears to be elliptical, wider than high. Markings on shell rarely of sufficient strength to show through on cast of inter- ior (usually the only form in which the species is found). Rare- ly on imprints of exterior a few radiating raised costz are shown on the superior part of the shell, while commonly concentric un- dulations are seen near the basal portion. (Compare form with P. vexillum Born. Recent.) Type.—Deposited in Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Locality.—St. Maurice, La. Fragments of what appear to be of this species are abundant in the St. Maurice of Texas. a1 St. MAvuRICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 31 Pinna cawcawensis,n. sp., PU 7g EME a General shape and size indicated by fig. 1; surface of the valves with numerous radii above, well defined ; below with con- centric undulations upon which are superimposed even more radi- ating costee than above, but they are less distinct. Zigzag bases of fimbriate folds upon the ribs precisely asin the living sgzamos- 7sstma Phil., or seminuda Lam. (pl. 16, figs. 12-13). In outline this is like jacksoniana Dall, or argentea Con. The Claiborne sand, Jackson and Vicksburg specimens, however, so far as our specimens show, had no well-developed dermal, semicircular spines, and too, the radii on the lower portion of the shell are fewer than above, and of uncertain direction. Type and specimens figured.—Deposited in the Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Fforizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Locality.— Five miles N. of Orangeburg, Columbia Road, Sieh Oe Pinna sp. Several fragments of a Pra very similar in form to cawcaw- ensis, argentea and jacksoniana are in our collections from the Claiborne sand beds. ‘Their surface characters are too imperfect to admit of specific description. Aldrich (Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala. 86, p. 49) refers to Pinza “very large’’ at Coffeeville. Ala. Modiolus cawcawensis, n. sp., Ps igs. 3s Specific characterization.—Size and formas figured ; inflated along a well defined umbonal ridge anteriorly, becoming less ven- tricose from the center of the shell posteriorly ; posterior broadly and evenly rounded; exterior with generally fine but more or less variable concentric lines of growth. In general outline this shell recalls VV. ducatelit of Maryland Miocene, but is broader posteriorly and without the remarkable concentric fold on the anterior of that species. It is far less angulated as to umbonal slope and posterior ex- tremity than crefacea of Conrad. 22 BULLETIN 31 32 Type and specimen figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Hlorizon.—St. Maurice Stage. Locality.—Columbus road, 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C. Modiolus (Mauricia’ houstonius Harris, Pl. 175.4 Eigs-a: Modiola houstonia Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 46. pl- Ie EVER Vy Lithophaga houstonia Dall, Trans. Wag. , III, ’98, pp. 798, 8or. Mauricia, n. sub. gen. Spathella-shape, with undulations on post-umbonal slope, dying away on area below the ridge ; fine radii upon and above the ridge; Brachidontes radii on the anterior; shell thin, per- laceous. Flarvis’s original description of houstonia.—General form of shell as figured ; thin, showing concentric lines of growth on the area below the um- bonal ridge ; above the same with broad, concentric undulations, becoming more numerous towards the umbones ; anterior radially striate. We cannot accept Dall’s reference of this peculiar form to Lithophaga becaue of : 1st, the well defined umbonal ridge ; 2d, the radiating lines medially, and the stronger ones on the anter- ior, and 3d, the total lack of the encircling or zonal sculpturing so common in Lzthophage and evidently a result of rotary motion in their excavations. Type and specimens jigured.—Texas Univ. Coll. Mus. No. 145. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Localities.—Three miles N. E. of Crockett, Houston Co., Texas; Chautauqua, La.; 5 miles N. W. of Orangeburg 5S. C. Modiolus texanus Gabb, Bl 174 eiecasos i Perna texana Gabb, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1861, p. 371. Modiola texana WUar., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1895, p. 46, pl. 1, fig. 2. Gabb’s original description.—Elongated, subtriangular. Beaks term- inal, small; umbones prominent, though small; anterior end rounded, nar- row ; cardinal margin straight, basal broadly sinuous ; posterior basal angle abruptly rounded ; posterior edge broadly convex, uniting with a regular curve with the cardinal line. Umbonal ridge high, convex ; anterior slope abrupt and slightly convex near the margin towards the beak, between which convexity and the ridge is a slight concavity ; posterior slope regular. Q 33 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 3 Surface covered by numerous, radiating, dichotomous ridges, flattened above, separated by deep depressions and crossed by fine lines of growth. These ribs almost disappear on the anterior umbonal slope for about the marginal half of its width. : Length from beak to posterior angle, 2 inches. Width at aright angle to the first measurement, .g in. Depth of valve .4 in. From a coarse brown highly fossiliferous Eocene sandstone from Caddo Peak, Texas. My collection, from Dr. Moore, State Geologist of Texas. : The one thing most characteristic of the specimens we have referred to this species is the presence of a few, very strong cos- tee at the extreme anterior, somewhat as figured by Deshayes under J7. spatulata (see fig. 7). It is quite possible that some, at least, of the many 4/odzolus fragments from near Grovetown, Ga., (Bull. 16, p. 6) one of which is herewish figured (fig. 8), should be referred to feranus. Near the margins of the shell there seems to be less dichotomos- ing of the costze, however, than shown in dexazws. Type.—Phila. Acad. Collection. Geological horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimen figured.—From near Red Land, La; (U.S. Nat. Mars, Sect. 19, R12 W ; sp. 23, N.—Hartis). Localities.—Caddo Peak, 2 miles S. W. of Campbellton, At- ascosa Co., 2 miles E. of Arnold’s Ranch, Frie Co., Tex. ; near Red Land, Vivian, and 7 miles N. of Plaindealing, La. Specimens from No. 7724, U.S. Nat. Mus., McBean, 3.7 miles S. of Hephzibah, Burke Co., Ga. are probably fexanus. flediotaria alabamensis Meyer, INEM ityat SEN Ker. | C), M. alabamiensis Meyer, Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 83, pl. 3, fig. 19. Meyer's original description.—Rhomboidal, thin; the small anterior and large posterior part with radiating ribs, leaving the middle of the shell and the umbo smooth ; hinge edentulous, anterior hinge-line notched. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. ; ‘‘Lowest Claibornian.”’ The figured typeis a young shell. We have found nothing like this in our collections and hence quote Meyer verbatim and reproduce his figure. Wecannot help feeling that this may be the young of (7. fexanus. Dall, how- ever, refers to it (Trans. Wag. III, ’98, p. 806) as ‘‘a well char- 34 BULLETIN 31 34 acterized species. Lithophaga claibornensis Conrad, Pie c72, Riss: promise Lithodomus claibornensis Con., Jr. Phila., Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. I, p. 1D), Jol, ail, wiles, Ayr, ansvis). Lithophaga claibornensis Con., Amer. Jr. Conch. , vol. 1, 1865, p. 11. Lithodomus claibornensis Ald., Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 1, p. 69, pl. 6, fig. 14. Conrad’s original description.—Very thin and fragile, inflated ; pos- terior hinge margin obliquely truncated, the extremity regularly rounded ; lines of growth distinct. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. We give herewith as fig. 11 a copy of Conrad’s figure in the Journal of the Philadelphia Acadeiny. The type specimen, about 1 by &% in. longis still in the Academy’s Collection. Likewise an- other, rather cylindricalfragment. Aldrich’s figure, here given as fig. 10, has a somewhat different form from Conrad’s, but re- garding this matter he makes no comments. This must certainly be regarded as one of the most rare spe- cies at Claiborne. Gregorio, Cossmann, Dall and ourselves have had access to no new material. Lithophaga petricoloides Lea, Ply 17. Bigs. eens: Byssonuia petricoloides Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1880, p. 48, pl. 1, fig. 16. Lithodomus petricoloides De Greg., Annal. de Geol., et Pal., 1890, p. 184, pl. 22, figs. 7 and 8. : Lea’s original description.—Shell subcylindrical, very thin, very transverse, indistinctly striate, on the posterior part obliquely and obsolete- ly folded ; beaks scarcely perceptible ; posterior and anterior cicatrices per- ceptible. Diam. : : : Length .1. Breadth .3 of an inch. Observations.—With much doubt I have placed this shell in Cuvier’s genus Byssomia. It agrees better with his description of that genus than any one I know. Unfortunately I have obtained but a single valve and that is imperfect. It has a strong resemblance to Fetricola pholadiformis (Lamarck) (P. fornicata, Say), but is to appearance entirely without teeth, having several irregular folds about the beak. It differs also in the exterior folds or ribs, which are, inthe pholadiformis, marked and situated on the anterior part. The figures herewith given are from de Gregorio. He seems to have found some nearly perfect valves. The generic position of this form is stillin some doubt. Fragments in our Lore) CN 35 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA collection are not perfect enough for further determinations. Type.—\ea Coll., No. 5074, Phila. Acad. Creneila latifrons Conrad, Riera higss 14, 15) 16- Crenella latifrons Con., Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. IV, 1860, p. 296. C? latifrons Con., Amer. Conch., vol. I, 1855, p. II. Conrad’s original description.—Obliquely sub-oval, inflated, thin, highly pearlaceous ; anterior side produced or alated above; striae very closely arranged, elegant and minute, cancellate anteriorly. Locality.—Alabama. Dr. Showalter. Otto Meyer described (Bericht ub. d. Senckenbergische mf. Gesel. in Frankfurt a. M., 1887, p. ro sond.-Ab.) a Modiola teuuts and figured the same as fig. 7 and pl. 2 of his report, from the Jackson Eocene. This, Dall maintains is the same as Conrad’s Crenella latifrons. (See Trans. Wag., III, p. 798.) This is quite possibly true. But Meyer strangely makes no reference to the radiating lines so clearly defined in the Claibornian species. We have several fragmentary specimens before us mostly from the U. S. Nat. Mus. Claiborne sand material. Some we herewith figure. Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of the species is the broadly out-folding anterior margin of the shell. The radiating striz are very much finer than in margarztacea and do not show on the margins. Type.—Claiborne sands, Phila. Acad. Crenella margaritacea Conrad, Pl. 17. Figs. 17-20. Stalagimium margaritaceum Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, Oct., 1833, P- 39. iMyoparo costata Lea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. ’33, p. 74, p- 74, pl. 2, fig. 51. Stalagmium margaritaceum Con., Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 10. Crenella costata de Greg., Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 185, pl. 22, figs. 8-14. Crenella margaritacea Dall, Trans. Wag., III, ’98, p. 803. Conrad’s original description.—Shell very small, ob-ovate, convex, with distinct, radiating striae ; beaks prominent and curved forward ; lunule short, cordate, slightly impressed ; inner margin minutely crenulated. Specimens of this minute valve are not rare at Claiborne, but we have seen it from but one other locality—Lee Co., Tex., 36 BULLETIN 31 26 in the Aldrich Collection. Type.—Lost. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ. Grenella isocardioides Lea, Pl. 17. Figs. 22-24. Flippagus tsocardioides Tea, Cont. to Geol.,1833, p. 72, p.pl. 2, fig. 50. Hippagus tsocardioides de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., p. 226, pl. 35, figs. 22-28. _ Crenella isocardioides Dall, Trans. Wag, II, ’98, p. 803. Lea’s original description.—Shell cordate, much inflated; longi- tudinal, minutely and longitudinally ribbed, flattened before and behind, ridged along the umbonal slope ; substance of the shell rather thick ; beaks large, recurved ; cicatrices impressed ; cavity of the shell very deep; mar- gin minutely crenulate ; nacre somewhat pearly. Diam 3-2oths, Length 5-20ths, Breadth 3-20ths of an inch. The exterior marking on this minute species is very faint. I have seen none so well preserved that the marginal crenulations show, nor have I seen it elsewhere than at Claiborne. Type.— Phila. Acad. Coll. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Limopsis avicuioides Conrad, : Pie 18. Shes 2-7. Pectunculus aviculoides Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, Oct., 1833, p. 39. Fectunculus obligua Vea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 78, fol, 2) ier, 577 23>Limopsis aviculoides Con., Jr. Phila., Meade vol4s, p. 297, pl. 47, ve 12. ' Limopsis obliqua Cossm., Notes Compl) 1893, p. 16. Conrad’s original Deo: —Shell sub-oval, very oblique, with minute radiating lines interrupted by regular, prominent, concentric striee ; umbo prominent; beaks rather elevated ; apex acute; series of caniiel teeth interrupted in the center by a triangular fosset ; cavity capacious, mar- gin crenulated. Length ¥% of an inch. So far as our knowledge of this species goes it appears to be mainly confined to the central part of the Mississippi Embay- ment,—Louisiana and Mississippi produce the greater percentage of specimens. ‘The Claibornian specimens are few and compara- tively small. Several years’ collection by members of the Geol- ogical Survey of Texas brought to light no specimens. Conrad must have had an unusually large specimen for Ala- bamia in describing the type. ge? 37 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA ay Type.—From Claiborne, Phila. Acad. ; Con. Coll. Hlorizons.—St. Maurice (abundant and large specimens ; Claibornian, few and and small specimens.) Specimens figured.—Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, St. Maurice, La. ; Fig. 2, Hickory, Miss; figs. 6, 7, Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Ala. All at Cornell. Localities.—Louisiana: Sabine R.,S. E. cor. Tp. 5 N. R. 13 W.; St. Maurice; well at Atlanta ; Winnfield, Ruston, Cal- vin, Winona, Columbus, Marble Q’y. JZ@ss.: Wautubbee, 8 miles N. E. of Enterprise ; Hickory. Alabama. Claiborne sands, Claiborne Bluff. Genus TRINACRIA On account of the varying outline of species belonging to this genus the word 7yinacria is somewhat misleading. Spect-. mens may vary from cuneate forms with a sharply defined umbonal ridge to those ellipsoidal or nearly circular. Still there are many features common to them all, and it seems impossible to form natural subgeneric groups. ‘The following constant features may be noted: Taxodont hinge curved, Glycymeris-like, very short in pointed shells, lengthening in transverse shells; pit be- neath the umbo triangular, developed almost wholly anteriorly from the beak ; narrow and deepin cuneate forms, widely ex- panded and vertically contracted in broader forms; exterior marked with fine radiate striations usually stronger in the gib- bose species, almost obsolete in the flattish ; posterior with al- ways a hint of truncation with a post-umbonal ridge and slope,— features which when projected in a post-basal direction bring about the strong cuneate, carinate outlines already referred to. The outline of these Eocene species being so various has caused them to referred to several different genera by different authors (see the various synonymies below), but we see no good reason for subdividing a natural group. Trinacria cuneus Conrad, Pl. 18. Figs. 8, 9. Pectunculus cuneus Con., A. J. Sci., vol. 33, p. 342., Jan. 1833. Nucula carinifera Wea, Cont. to Geol. Dec. 1833, (Dec.) p. 198, pl. 6, fig. 212. 33 BULLETIN 31 38 Limopsis cuneus Con., Jr. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, 1860, p. 297, pl. 47, 1, 107. Trigonocelix cuneus Con., Amer. Jr. Conch, vol. 1, ’65, p. 12. Limopsis ( Trigonocelia\ cuneus de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. &c., 1890, p . 191, pl. 23, fig. 28b. Trinacria cuneus Cossmann, Notes Suppl., 1893, p. 15. Conrad’s original description.—Shell cuneiform, broad, posterior end flattened and forming an angle at the umbonial slope. Length, half an inch. This is a very remarkable species very unlike any I have hitherto seen. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala., London clay. This is the most cuneate of the American Eocene species of this genus and is closely allied to certain Paris Basin forms. Higa 2iras Specific characterization.—Form and size as indicated by the figures and explanations ; appearing at first sight like C. minor, but more rounded basally, smaller, with less erect umbones and with very strong, but finer concentric striation; appearance in general also approaching A. triangulatoides ; dentition somewhat as in C. mznor, but posterior cardinal much more strongly devel- oped and erect, suggesting the dentition of Astarte; a thickening of the margin behind the posterior cardinal suggesting a third cardinal (left valve) ; resilium obscure, but seemingly above the mid-cardinal ; with long, straight posterior channel and sharp lateral margin (left valve); margin entire, like C. mzzor. Type, etc.—I have only the one valve, type, from the St. Maurice Hocene at Wautubbee, Miss. Cuna monroensis Meyer, Pl..32, “Higs)22)3¢5 Astarte monroensis Meyer, Excerpt from ‘“‘Senck’bg., Naturf. Gesell. Frankf. a. M. 1897, p. Io, pl. 2, fig. 6. Meyer's original description (translated).—Small, convex, inequi- laterally triangular; ventral margin strongly and regularly curved. Right valve with two divergent cardinal teeth and one anterior lateral. The two cardinals of the left valve are very unequal ; the one strong, triangular ; the other very little, lamelliform, nearly horizontal. Muscular imprints oval. Pallial line entire. Surface covered with strong concentric ribbing. Lun- ule lancetlike. Inner margin feebly dentate. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala., Monroe Co. We have nothing corresponding to Meyer’s description and 95 Sr. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 95 figure. Thedifference in length of the anterior and posterior sides is much greater than in farvus, its nearest relative. Again the basal margin is remarkably rounding. Micromeris minutissima Lea, PIS so) iries 24525. Astarte minutissima Wea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 64, pl. 2, fig. 39. Micromeris minutissima Con., Smithson Misc. Coll., 1866, p. 5. ? Micromeris senex Meyer, Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 81, pl. 3, fig. 22. Crassatellites ( Micromeris) minutisstma Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1480. Lea’s original description.—Shell scaleniform, acutely angular above, rather compressed, oblique, ribbed longitudinally ; beaks elevated, pointed ; lunule very large, cordate; cardinal teeth small, the posterior margin furnished with a long straight lateral one ; cicatrices scarcely visi- Diam......... Length 1-20th, Breadth 1-20th of an inch. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., No. 5231. Regarding this type I find in my notes: ‘‘Evidently the type of the right valve figured, though the small figure given is too large and the large figure has too many ribs. This has but twelve’’. = The specimen in our collection figured herewith (pl. 33, figs. 24-25) is also comparatively few ribbed, likewise Meyer’s senzex, referred to above. Meyer gives a very poor figure of his speci- man and describes it as follows: ‘‘Shell solid, anterior margin straight, posterior margin curved ; surface, except the umbo, covered with coarse, radiating ribs’’. Claiborne bed ‘‘G’’. How- ever this would appear to be from a basal Jackson bed. Pleuromeris aldrichi, n. sp., . Pl. 32. Figs. 26-29. Specific characterization.—Shell very minute and rather ro- tund as indicated by the figures ; substance of the shell not thick, smooth and glossy within ; exteriorly showing 11 or 12 very well defined strong ribs except on the apical region where there are rather well defined concentric markings ; posterior, subligamen- tal margin, as in some sections of the Venerzde with well-raised flanges cutting across the concentric lines at an oblique angle ; interiorly, showing position of ribs and very faint muscular scars ; lunule and escutcheon both somewhat pouting not far below the © apex ; ligament scarcely showing above the margins of the shell ; 96 BULLETIN 31 96 teeth—two cardinals in the left valve, one in the right, an anter- ior lateral shallow socket in the right, a posterior in the left. It appears that the large cardinal tooth in the right valve does not fill all the space between the two of the left, especially just beneath the apex, and we are inclined to believe a trace of a resilium may be present. Type, specimens figured, etc.—Paleont. Museum, Cornell Univ. ; from the Claiborne sand beds, Claiborne, Ala. Crassatellites trapaguarus Harris, Pl, 33.. igseics: Crassatella trapaquara Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 49, pl. 2, fig. 3, a. . Farris original description.—General form as figured, surface con- centrically striate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly except a few, shallow con- centric depressions marking periods of growth; hinge teeth not so strong as in fexalta:; lunular margin concave; basal margin of the valves but slight- ly convex, crenulated within anteriorly and basally but not posteriorly. This seems to be the direct descendant of alez—of the Sa- bine but shows a much broader posterior rectilinear margin, sharply defined concentric markings on the anterior and crenula- tions about the margin as described above. ‘The species ha/lez is somewhat intermediate between ¢umzdula and trapaguara. The beaks for about ten millimeters are sharply and beautifully grooved concentrically, but even here this marking fails com- pletely behind the umbonal ridge. ‘The erect, nearly central um- bones of this species distinguish it at once from the oblique semi- ovate antestriata. Type.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ., from Smithville, Tex. Florizon.—St. Maurice. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ., Tex. and Lisbon. Localities.—Smithville, 8 miles EK. of Alto, Elm Cr., north- ern boundary Murchison’s headright, N. E. of Weache’s, Hous- ton Co., Texas; Moore’s Iron Mine, ‘‘Marble Quarry’’ and Fill- more 2 miles W.of Houghton, La.; Chickasawhay River and Graveyard Bridge near Enterprise, and Johnson’s Place, Miss. ; Lisbon and Coffeeville (compressed form), Ala. One specimen 07 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 97 from Lisbon shows concentric ribbing nearly over the whole valve. Crassatellites negreetensis, n. sp., Pl. 33. Figs. 6-8. Specific characteriztion.—Shell squarish, as figured; when young having very much the appearance of the young of a/éa, but with concentric lirations less far apart ; becoming in half- grown specimens, very much of the shape and appearance of the rather uncommon variety of ¢rapaguaza that has strong concentric lirations over the whole surface ; remaining squarish in form till adult stage, not being contracted posteriorly asin /rapaquara ; concentric lirations generally covering the whole surface of the shell, but occasionally becoming more or less smooth basally (see fig. 8). This is ashort form with strong concentric marking showing as clearly on the post-umbonal slope as on the face of the shell. Its ligamental margin, even in adult specimens, remains more or less parallel to the basal margin. Thisis very different from trapaguara as will be seen by noting the sloping ligamental mar- gin shown by figures 1 and 3. Nevertheless as there is consider- able variation to be seen in ¢vapaguara in specimensfrom Lisbon, Ala., to Smithville, Tex., we predict zegreetensis will approach closely to some of these forms. Types.—Deposited in Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. florizon.—St. Maurice Hocene. Locality.—Sabine River, La. side, 200 yds. below the mouth of Negreet Bayou. Veatch Coll. Casts in material from Eutaw Springs, S. C., indicate the presence of a species very closely akin to negreetensts. Crassatellites texanus Heilprin, Blasi Riga. Crassatella texana Heilp., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1890, p. 407, pl. 11, fig. 6, Crassatella texana Har., Idem, 1895, p. 50, pl. 2, fig. I. Heilprin’s original description.—Shell irregularly rhomboidal ; valves prominently angulated posteriorly, with the post-umbonal slope broad and slightly concave; umbones prominent, well incurved ; hinge 98 BULLETIN 31 98 powerful ; exterior surface ornamented with strong and closely set lines of growth, which transverse the entire shell, becoming, however, less prom- inent on the umbonal slope. Length of the shell about an inch and a quarter, slightly exceeding the height. We have already remarked in the Academy’s Proceedings : ‘“This is certainly very distinct from anfestriata. Besides the points of difference mentioned by Heilprin the following may be noted : The umbonal ridge is much sharper in ¢exana, and there is a trace of a sinus just below it ; the posterior margin is not sub- biangular as in aztestriata, and the valves are less oblique.”’ ‘From trapaquara this species can be distinguished by its surface markings, lower form, and the depression just below the umbonal ridge.’’ Type.—Apparently lost. florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimen figured.—Tex. State Museum (Univ.). Localities.—Near McBee’s schoolhouse, 2 miles EK. of Alto, Cherokee Co. and Berryman’s land, all in Cherokee Co. ; Murch- ison’s Headright and Lively’s Place, Houston Co., Tex. ; H. Johnson’s Place, Miss. Casts and imprints of what maybe a variety of this species are found at Eutaw Springs and Vance’s Ferry, S. C. Crassatellites antestriatus Gabb, __ Phiga: > Bisse aaae Crassatella antestriata Gabb, Jr. Phila. Acad., Nat. Sci., vol. 4, 1860, p. 388, pl. 67, fig. 53. Crassatella antestriata War., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 49, pl. 1, fig. 10, Io, a. Gabb’s original description.—Subquadrate ; beaks very small; um- bonal slope;wide, umbonal ridge rounded ; anterior margin semicircular ; bas- al regularly arcuate, posterior sub-biangular ; surface marked by numerous, large, transverse folds, which commence at the anterior margin, but dis- appear before reaching the middle of the shell, leaving the rest almost per- fectly smooth, (this is not the result of attrition); interior margin very del- icately crenate, anterior muscular impression semilunar, posterior subquad- rate. Dimensions.—Length .5 in., width .6 in. As was noted in our Phila. Acad. article ‘‘Gabb’s figure and description were of a young specimen; the figure herewith given 99 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 99 is of anadult. Compared with ¢vapaguara, antestriata is much more oblique, or inequilateral, the posterior extremity is sub- biangular and crenate within, and the basal margin is more con- vex. Externally azfestriata is more strongly marked’’. Type.—Coll. Phila. Acad. From Lee Co., Tex. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimen figured.—Singley’s collection, be Connex: Locality.— Elm Creek, between Evergreen and Orrell cross- ing, Lee Co.; Alabama Bluff, Trinity River; 5 miles W. of Crockett ; ure Bayou; Baptizing Creek, Cherokee Co. Crassatellites rhomboideus Conrad, Ble oAniaok tenn ae Crassatella rhomboidea Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 396, pl. 3, fig. 5. Oblong, rhomboidal ; anterior margin obliquely subtruncated at base ; posterior margin obliquely and widely truncated, the inferior extremity rounded ; posterior dorsal margin not very oblique ; basal margin slightly curved. Orangeburg, S. C. Dall refers (Trans. Wag. III, p. 1469) to ‘‘C. rhomboideus Conrad, 1865 (not of d’Archiac, 1840)’ as being an ‘“‘ill-defined or doubtful Hocene’’ form. We do not understand why Dall gives this late date for Con- rad’s species but quite agree with him in considering it a doubt- fulform. From itsgeneral shape we strongly suspect Conrad had a Miocene cast in hand when describing this ‘‘species’’ Crassatellites protexta stock This long type of Cvassatellites is particularly characteristic of the upper half of the Eocene of the Gulf States. In the Vir- ginia basin, during the Sabine age, the drawn-out alzformis type with its beautifully undulating exterior flourished everywhere. In the St. Maurice of the Gulf States the pvofexta-like forms ap- peared abundantly to the east of the Mississippi; only rarely, so far west as the Rio Grande. In the Claibornian at Claiborne it appears to us that a representative of the most primitive form of this stock is preserved. From some form like this it would seem 100 BULLETIN 31 10o that the St. Maurice representatives were early derived. Inthe Jackson we find, strangely enough, as in the case of Venericardia rotunda, species or varieties, according to the taste of the investi- gator, more nearly related to the St. Maurice than to the Clai- borne representatives. Such being the case it would seem that the whole profexta stock could well be referred to one and the same species while a number of names could be used to designate forms that have a somewhat important stratigraphic or geograph- ic significance,—constantly bearing in mind, however, that these forms occasionally imperceptibly intergrade. But for the pres- ent, in order not to disturb the old nomenclature any more than is absolutely necessary, we will treat of the profexta stock under three ‘‘species’’, corresponding with the forms found in the St. Maurice, Claiborne and Jackson stages respectively and then in- dicate such varietal forms as seem worthy of consideration. ‘The general scheme of relationships may be represented thus: Jackson BRE ey Co Tee We OATES var. flexurus, productus, postclarkensts Claiborne protextus St. Maurice var. Jludovicianus clarkensts ferrocarolinus Co MOE DOR ee CATES Sa eGS: Crassatellites clarkensis Dall, Pl. 34. Figs. 5-10. C. clarkensis Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, pl. 36, fig. 20, 21, 24, 25. C. clarkensts Dall, idem, 1903, p. 1470. Dall s original description.—Shell solid, elongated, moderately thick, inequilateral, the anterior end shorter, nearly equivalve; anterior end rounded, posterior end obliquely descending, pointed and subrostrate, with a marked carina from the umbo to the posterior angle ; lunule and escutch- eon subequal, lanceolate impressed ; surface smooth except for incremental rugee and microscopic radial striation ; nepionic shell small with about six sharp, low, concentric ridges which cease abruptly in less than three milli- meters from the apex; hinge well developed ; scars of ligament and resil- ium of moderate size; third right (posterior) cardinal nearly intact and distinct ; anterior and basal margin sharply, finely crenate, the sub- surface layer of the shell weathering out with distinct ribs corresponding to crenations. Lon. 42.5, alt. 26.5, diam. 19.0 mm. : This resembles C. protextus, from which it is easily separable by its more pointed rostrum, sinuate below, and the very small space occupied by IOI ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA IOI the nepionic sculpture, which in C. profextus extends over a radius on the disk of some eight or ten millimeters. The latter also has more conspicuous radial striation and coarser crenulations. Eocene of Wautubbee hills, Clark County, Mississippi, Burns; near Saline Bayou, St. Maurice, Louisiana, Vaughan; and at Claiborne, Ala- bama, L. C. Johnson. At the localities designated above by Dall one finds a great variation in form, size and surface markings in this type of Crassatellites. The short, smooth forms with rather marked carina and few umbonal undulations as indicated by Dall’s fig- ures may be called clarkensis, s.s. ‘They are common at St. Maurice, La. With these at St. Maurice and near Enterprise, Miss., are similar forms with rather fine and extensively dis- played concentric marking; these may receive the varietal name of /udovicianus. Again, to the east in Alabama and especially in South Carolina the ‘‘nepionic concentric ridges’’ of clarkensis are extended over considerable of the umbonal area as shown by pl. 34, fig. 7 and the ‘‘marked carina’’ may become less obvious as in fig. 9 of the same plate. Here, too, the posterior may or may not be ‘‘pointed’’. These long specimens, showing oftentimes so much umbonal liration and giving almost a hint ata distant relationship with aleformis, may receive the varietal name of ferrocarolinus. Ty;2 of clarkensts.—U. 5. Nat. Mus. Fflorizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. upecimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Loclities.—Rio Grande, 1 mile above Starr-Zapata Co. line, Tex. ; 3 milesS. E. of Negreet, St. Maurice, Chautauqua, Rob- ertsville ; Cooper’s well, Winnfield, La., 1000 ft.; 2% miles EH. of Newton, Wautubbee, 8 miles W. of Enterprise, Miss. ; Lisbon, base of b.. * at Claiborne, Ala.; 3 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. Crassatellites protextus Con., Pl. 35. Figs. 1-5. Crassatella protexta Con, Foss. Sh, Tert. Form., 1832, p. 22, pl. 8, fig. 2. Crassatella protexta de Greg., Mon Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 198 i) 102 BULLETIN 31 102 pl. 24, figs. 31-37; pl. 25, figs. 2-11. Conrad’s original description.—Elongated ; umbonial slope angular and obscurely plicated ; the posterior side produced, or rostrated with age, and the extremity obliquely truncated ; beaks with concentric grooves ; in- ner margin crenulated. . Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Middle Tertiary. This fine shell though variable in outline, is distinguished byalength in proportion to its height, unusual inthe genus, itis abundant, and a single valve measures 2% inches in length and 1 inch and 3 tenths in height. Conrad gives a very good figure of an adult form of this Species 1n 1845 CAmer Journ oSci., vok 1, pl. 2, labelled tty, mistake) and makes further descriptive remarks regarding the young on p. 396 of the same Journal, illustrating the same by fig. 4, pl. 3. By mistake Conrad numbered a figure of aleformis “>” on plate 3, which, according to the text, p. 403 should be numbered ‘‘3’’. This slight error caused de Gregorio in his famous Claiborne work to copy the figure and call it protexta (see his pl. 25, fig. 12). Gregorio cites Conrad’s work, giving the page correctly, but gives the wrong year, i. e., 1833 instead of 1832. Thisoversight in dates probably caused him to wonder so much why Lea did not cite the species at all though he (Greg- orio) found it so abundantly. . In the very earliest stage of growth this species shows a more or less circular form, with concentric undulations corres- ponding to those already described under clarkensis. But very soon these broader undulatians give place to strong concentric lines that are usually carried over to one-third the distance from beak to base. This is the very same type of ornamentation seen on var. /udovictanus just referred to but less extensive. In well- developed profextus the ligamental margin appears slightly more concave than in clarkenszs, the posterior is broader and the slight depression below the umbonal ridge is not so conspicuous, but the swelling just below or anterior to this furrow is much more pronounced in profextus. The slight concavity of the ligamental margin has a tendency to give the beak an opisthogyrate aspect. Although there is considerable range in the extent of concentric ornamentation in this species in adult shells no clear-cut varieties based on this feature seem to be differentiable. The general out- 103 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 103 line of the shell varies greatly as will be seen by referring to the above-mentioned plate and figures. Had we Claiborne fossil- iferous outcrops ranging from Texas to the Carolinas it is quite possible and even probable that this species would show vari- ations in shape and markings quite equal to those displayed by the St. Maurice and Jackson species. Were this species older than, instead of younger than the St. Maurice diversified spec- imens it would be easy to see how the latter could be regarded as simply specialized forms, or derivatives from this, and how the Jackson types are nothing but slightly modified St. Maurice specimens. Here then we have the same peculiarity noted un- der the vofunda stock of Venertcardia, that often the St. Maur- ice and Jackson forms seem very much more nearly related than do the Claiborne and Jackson specimens. /lexurus is a striking- ly strong striate /udovicianus with perhaps ‘¢exanus affinities ; productus is directly derived from /udovicianus, and postclarkensts is akin to clarkensis, s. s. with less sinuosity along the post-basal margin. From an ancestral form which seems to be carried along in protextus, all these forms have descended. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities.—Claiborne sand, Claiborne, Ala. Crassaiellites texaltus Harris, LICMASL MIEikes 90 1 Crassatella texalta Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 49, pl. 2, fig. 2. Harris's original description.—General form as figured ; exterior smooth about the umbones, but marked by lines of growth anteriorly and sub-basally ; hinge and marginal crenulation as in C. alta Con. This species is closely allied to C. alfa, but is distinguished by its pro- portionally longer form and its smooth umbones, the latter feature being in marked contrast with the corrugations of C. altus. This isa more angular form than a/fus (see pl. 36, figs. 1 and 6) when adult, and lacks the coarse umbonal undulations. It is intermediate between ¢vapaguara and altus. It has not the ob- liquity, or the posterior, rounded fullness of oblzqguatus (Mon. U.S. G.S. IX, 1885, p. 235, pls. 29, 30). Again, unless Whit- 104 BULLETIN 31 104 field’s drawings of the hinge are incorrect ob/iguatus cannot be referred to Crassatellites. It is quite probable the specimens that grow to such great size in South Carolina (for example, at Carson’s Creek) measuring 140 x I50 mm. may belong tothis species and not to altus. Certainly the numerous casts along the Neuse River, N. C. are much closer ¢exa/tus than to altus. Type.—Texas State Univ. florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimen figured.—The type. Localities. Hurricane Bayou (Marster and Hodges’ head- right—the type form), Alabama Bluff, Trinity River ; 2% miles E. of Newton ; 4 miles W. of Enterprise ; Wautubbee, MiGSe ;? Eu- taw Springs, S.C. Seventeen miles above Newbern on the Neuse River, N. C. Crassatellites altus Dall Pl. 35. Fig. n€.Pl. 36. Figs. 4-6. Crassatella alta Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1832, p. 21, pl. 7. Crassatella alta de Greg., Mon. Faun. Hoc. Ala., 1890, p. 197, pl. 26, figs. I-10. Conrad’s original description.—Suboval, thick and ponderous, com- pressed ; anterior margin obtusely rounded ; posterior margin broad and slightly angular ; beaks with regular concentric grooves, and somewhat angulated behind ; inner margin crenulated. This is one of the finest great bivalves known from our Tertiaries. At Claiborne, specimens measuring 100 mm in height and 100 plus in width or length are not rare. In considering the smoothness of the beaks of the St. Maur- ice fexaltus and the marked ‘‘concentric grooves’’ on the beaks of the Claiborne a/tus, one may perhaps regard the wholly concen- trically grooved wzlcoxi of the Wilmington (Jacksonian) as com- pleting this type of ornamentation as shown in this stock. Type.—Phila. Acad. Fforizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Porgell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. IO5 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPCDA 105 Scintitla alakamiensis Cossman, EL a7), TEER TS 2 S. alabamiensis Cossmann, Notes Complém. 1893, p. 12, pl. I, figs. I5, 16. ; Cossmann’s original description.—Testa minuta, fragilis, elliptica, extus leevigata ac depressa, intus subradiata; umbone parum, prominulo, haud incurvo, fere mediano; dentibus anticis valvulee sinistree obliquis et divergentibus: fossula profunda: dente postico erecto, brevi; cicatriculis rotundis, minutis, alte sitis. Petite coquille mince, fragile, elliptique, presque ¢quilatérale, ayant les extrémités arrondies, le bord palléal peu courbé, les deux parties du bord supérieur également déclives de part et d’autre des crochets, qui sont peu saillants, peu courbés, opposés et A peu prés médianes. Surface extérieure lisse, déprimée ; surface intérieure obscurément rayonnée. Charniére composée sur la seule valve gauche que je posséde, de deux dents cardinales antérieures, obliques et divergentes, séparées par une fossette large et profondément excavée de la dent latérale postérieure, que est mince, courte bien posée sur le bord ovelle fait une saillie trés vis- ible. Impressions musculaires petites, arrondies, placés assez haut. Dimensions: longueur, 4 mill. ; hauteur, 9 mill. Bien que je n’aie, jamais, recueilli qu’une seule valve un peu entamée de cette rare espéce, je n’hésite pas a la décrire, parce qu’elle presénte bien les caractéres du genre Scintilla qui n’avait pas encore été signalé dans l’Eocéne d’Amérique et qu’elle est bien distincte des espéces du bassin parisien, qui sont allongées ou plus convexes et dont le bord supérieur est davantage paralléle au bord palléal. Loc.—Claiborne, ma coll. Sportelia gregorioi Cossman, Piha nkiese abe S. gregorioi Cossm., Notes Complém. 1893, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 11-12. Cossmann’s original description.—Testa depressa, oblonga, fere eequi- lateralis, latere antico paululum longiore, umbone mediocriter prominulo ; cardine bidentato; nympha brevi ac laminari; cicatriculis musculorum angustis et elongatis. Coquille déprimée, assez petite, A peu prés lisse et seulement ornée de stries, d’accroissement tres peu visibles ; forme presque équilatérale, coté postérieur un peu puls court et plus élargi, avec une dépression dorsale as- sez profonde ; coté antérieur plus étroit et ovale ; crochets faiblement gon- flés, médiocrement saillants, en arriére des quels le bord supérieur est un peu dilaté ; bord palléal peu curviligne. Charniére composee, sur la valve gauche, d’une dent cardinale antérieure assez saillante, oblique et reliée a la lame cardinale qui est assez longue en avant, d’une dent médiane, courte et petite, fosse du cartilage rétrécie par une échancrure de la lame cardinals sous la pointe du crochet ; nymphe lamelleuse et trés courte ; impressions musculaires €troites et allongées en form de massue. FOO BULLETIN 31 106 Dimensions: Longeur, 7.6 mill. ; largeur, 5 mill. Loc.—Claiborne, une seule valve*, ma coll. Sportella alabamiensis Ald., Pl ait abaeenas Lepton ? alabamiensis, Bull. Am. Pal., vol 2, 1897, p. 182, pl. 6, fig. 9. Sportella alabamiensis Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1140. For description of this species, see Aldiich’s article referred to in the synonymy. Hindsiella faba Meyer, DeVere e Wer ie HT. faba Meyer, Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 82, pl. 1, fig. 25. Kellia faba de Greg., Mon. Faun. Koc. Ala., 1890, p. 211. Flindsiella faba Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1136. Meyer's original description.—Shell convex ; sinus of the ventral margin gently rounded; covered with regular lines of growth ; musclar im- pressions ovately elongated ; an indistinct oblique tooth below the beak (right valve), Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Allied to Hindsiella arcuata lam., sp. of the Paris Basin. Hindsiella (faba var. ?) donacia Dall, Pl 37) eigeo: HI, (faba var.?) donacia Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1136, pl. 45, fig. 12. Dall’s original description.—Shell small, donaciform, with variable outline, rather compressed, inequilateral, the posterior sideshorter, anterior dorsal margin sloping to the rounded anterior end, base slightly insinuated ; posterior dorsal margin with a shorter and steeper slope, the posterior end of the shell subtruncate obliquely, the basal angle rather marked ; the whole shell slightly twisted ; surface with concentric, somewhat irregular incremental lines and microscopic, partly obsolete radial strize; interior pol- ‘shed, hinge like that of H. faba but with the right cardinal more promi- nent and stem-like, the left cardinal obsolete; in some specimens the resil- iary insertion was directly on the surface of the valve, in others (probably more mature) there was a distinct thickening, especially about the margin of the scar. Long. 2.2, alt. 1.7, diam. 0.6 mm. This shell is probably distinct from H. faba. It ismore triangular, more inequilateral and more compressed. The sinuation of the base is much less conspicuous, the cardinal tooth is longer, and the laminz pro- portionately shorter than in H. faba. Several specimens with the valves in *See Aldrich, Bull. Am. Pal., vol 2, 1897, pl. 6, fig. 4 for the opposite valve. (Fig. 3, b of this report). 107 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 107 the natural position indicate that there was a small external ligament in addition to the large internal resilium. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. (sand bed). Erycina plicatuia Dall, PRRs 7E aE eS he Ol E. plicatula Dall, Trans. Wag.,III, 1900, p. 1143, pl. 44, figs. 7, 12. Dal?’s original description.—Shell compressed, ovate, inequilateral, the anterior side longer ; beaks low, pointed, somewhat prosoccelous ; sur- face near the beaks faintly concentrically striate or smooth ; about half-way to the margin from the umbo the sculpture grows stronger, consisting of fine, low, rather sharp plications, not always continuous nor in exact har- mony withthe incremental lines; anterior dorsal margin depressed in front of the beaks, nearly straight for a short distance, then rounding evenly to the anterior end ; base arcuate, posterior end more bluntly rounded, with the posterior dorsal margin arcuate and high, hinge plate narrow, channelled, with a short, obscure anterior lamella, whose ‘‘hook’’ is represented by a small pustular elevation ; posterior lamella long, arcuate, almost fused with the margin but rising distally to a small elevation ; interior of the valve smooth or with faint radial lines; adductor scars narrow, long, extending well down towards the base. Jon. 9.5, alt. 7, diam. 2.2 mm. Two left valves of this well-marked species were found in the marl. The other species described from this horizon are much smaller and more inflated, and the young of &. plicatula, judging by the incremental lines, had a different outline from either of the others. Eocene of the Claiborne sands at Claiborne, Ala. Erysina whitfieldi Meyer, Pl a7. Histo. E. whitfieldi Meyer, Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 82, pl. 1, fig. 29. Meyer's original description.—Small ; substance of the shell thin, porcellaneously shining ; oval; convex; inzequilateral, the anterior side the largest ; left valve with two obsolete pyramidal teeth on the anterior side, and on the posterior side a compressed one, which is very small and dis- tant from the beak; surface shining, smooth, except forvery fine concen- tric lines of growth; margin entire. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. The nearest species in the Paris Basin seems to be “Lvycina obsoleta Desh. Bornia scintiliata Dall, Pye eb igwxno: B. scintillata Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1149, pl. 49, fig. Io. Dall’s original description.—Shell small, subtrigonal, subequilateral, polished, finely, sharply radially grooved, the grooving of the middle of the disk finer and closer than that towards the ends; the beaks moderately 108 BULLETIN 31 108 elevated, nearly smooth, the larval shell small, distinct ; hinge armature feeble ; the left posterior lamina small, feeble, short; anteriorly the ‘‘hooks’”’ of the two anterior laminze distinct, simulating cardinals, the lateral portions nearly obsolete; the grooving of the exterior faintly visible interiorly to- wards the anterior end but not crenulating the basal margin ; muscular im- pressions narrow, feeble; basal margin entire. Long. 3.75, alt. 3.0, diam. 1.5 mm. A single left valve of this very distinct species was obtained. From B. prima Aldrich, it differs by being grooved, not plicated, in the absence of the punctation which covers the surface in B. prima, andin the much more profuse and finer sculpture. Eocene of the Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Alabama ; Burns. Bornia plectopygia Dall, P37 tsoemine B. plectopygia Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1149, pl. 49, fig. 9. Dall’s original description.—Shell small, short, rounded ovate, pol- ished, smooth to the eye, except for incremental lines and about three faint radial plications on the posterior basal half; beaks low, distinct; hinge armature feeble, the distal, laminze obsolete, the hooks of the left anterior laminze perceptible but not prominent ; anterior side short, rounded, pos- terior side produced downward and backward, the margin indented by the radial furrows, elsewhere entire ; scars obscure. Long. 4.5, alt. 4,0, diam. 2.0 mm. A single left valve of this species was collected which though somewhat imperfect cannot be confounded with either of the other species from this horizon. ‘There is a faint microscopic radial striation on the surface, a sul- cus for the ligament, and a faint excavation for the resilium. Eocene of the Claiborne sands, Ala. ; Burns. Bornia dalli Cossman, Pl. 37, biewomas Montacuta dalli Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 13-14. Bornia dalli Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1149. Cossmann’s original description.—Testa minuta subtrigona, valde inzequilateralis, antice duplo longior, postice truncata et subangulosa, mar- gine palliali rectilineari, umbone, parvo, haud prominulo; super- fices externa striis fibrosis incrementi ornata, postice angulo decurrente no- tata, in medio plana, antice obliquiter angulata; cardine bidentato, fossula mediana profunde emarginata ; cicatriculis bene impressis, anteriori longe ac anguste producta. I09 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 109 Jolie petite coquille, subtrigone, trés inéquilatérale, peu convexe: coté antérieur égal aux deux tiers dela longueur, plus retréci, ovale 4 son ex- trémité ; coté postérieur bien plus court, dilaté et un peu tronqué ; bord pal- léal complétement rectiligne ; crochets petits, 4 piene saillants et peu gon- flés. Surface extérieure ornée de fines stries d’accroissement, fibreuses et serrées; la région médiane est absolument plate, limitée par deux an- gles décurrents, dont 1l’un plus saillant correspond a la troncature anale, Vautre plus faible encadre une depression oblique qui aboutit a l’extrémité antérieure. Charniére courte et petite, comportant, sur la valve droite, deux dents minuscules entre lesquelles est une large fossette profondément échancrée sous le crochet ; impressions musculaires bien gravées, l’antérieure allongée, étroite, autre plus courte et plus arrondie. Dimensions : longeur, 3.5 mill. ; hauteur, 2.5 mill. Cette intéressante espéce présente bien les caractéres du genre Mont- acuta, par sa forme, sa charni€re et ses impressicns musculaires: elle est moins plate et moins mince que notre JZ. tenuissima. Loc. Claiborne, une seule valve, ma coll. Bornia isosceles, n. sp., TENE Jee ae al B. prima Vaughan, Bull. Geol. Surv. Ga., No. 26, I91I. p. 240. B. prima Cooke, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 120-C, 1918, p. 51. Specific characterization.—A direct descendant of B. prima (these Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 181, pl. 6, fig. 3) from the upper Sabine of Alabama ; having become almost an isosceles triangle in outline with a base of 7.5 and an altitude of 5 mm; anterior and posterior somewhat more extensively and finely radiate than prima, less so than in sczntzllata. Type and specimens jfigured.—U. S. Nat. Mus. fforizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Locality.—Sloan’s Scarp, on McBean Creek, between Mc- Bean Station and Savannah River, Ga. Bornia perdita, n, sp., ede erie: Debiese suit fie Specific characteriztion.—Shell small, elliptical-triangular as figured ; thin ; anterior and posterior marked by fine, bifurcating radial plications, plications showing obscurely also centrally ; concentric markings obsolescent ; internally showing traces of TOT 4. BULLETIN 31 r1o exterior radii ; muscular markings rather faint. This is more nearly related to Dall’s sczzti//ata from the Claiborne than Aldrich’s przma from the Sabine. It was with some St. Maurice material marked ‘‘Sabine River ?’’, La. The other species just mentioned from our Eocene are much wider proportionally than this; Arvz7a has much coarser plications, while the ‘‘grooving’’ mentioned by Dall on sezzfzl/ata is much finer. The figured specimen and type is deposited in the Paleont- ological Museum, Cornell University. Aiveinus minutus Conrad, Pl. 37. ecb ieee Alveinus minuta Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 138, pl. 1o, fig. 2. Alveinus minutus Meyer, Bull. Geol. Surv. Ala., No.1, 1886, p. 84, pl. 1, fig. 19. Alveinus minutus Dall, Trans. Wag., rgoo, III, p. 1166-67. Conrad’s original description of Alveinus.—Equivalved, smooth ; an- terior, posterior and ventral margins channelledwithin ; hinge of right valve emarginate under the apex, and having one pyramidal tooth anteriorly ; hinge of left valve with a pit under the apex, and two compressed diverg- ing teeth anteriorly ; pallial line entire ? Descr., 2inutus.—Suboval or suborbicular, very inequilateral, con- vex, smooth and shining ; margin rounded. This is a minute shell, much enlarged in the figure, and common in the small quantity of marl which accompanies the specimens. The family to which it should be referred is undetermined. A microscopic channel margins the valves within. Meyer claims to have foumd this Jacksonian form in the Claiborne sand and hence we have copied his figure and have here included Conrad’s original description, though our collec- tions show no specimens below the Jackson horizon. Montacuta claiborniana Dall, Pl: 37. )-HigsaG: M. claiborniana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1171, pl. 45, fig. 21. Dall’s original description.—Shell small, thin, polished, smooth, III St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA Lt nearly equilateral, very slightly arcuate, moderately inflated ; beaks low, dorsal margin thin, evenly arcuate, passing distally into the rounded ends, of which the anterior is shorter and less high; base slightly arcuated ; in the left valve the posterior dorsal margin above the scar of the internal liga- ment is somewhat reflected, the single minute cardinal is under the beak with a slight fold extending forward. Long. 1.7, alt. 1.2, diam I.o mm. A single small shell was obtained from Claiborne shell sand. Though doubtless immature, it is described as being the only representative of the genus in this horizon, J7. da//i Cossman being, under the present ar- rangement, referred to Lornia. Lucina dolabra Conrad, VALS ep Vahl) year L. dolabra Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, p. 343. Astarte recurva Vea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 61, pl. 2, fig. 34. Lucina recurva de Greg., Mon. Faun, Koc. Ala., 1890, p. 202, pl. 27, ' figs. 36-41. Conrad’s original description.—Shell elevated, with distant con- centric imbricated and obscure radiating striee ; posterior margin profoundly channelled, beaks prominent and curved forwards; lunule impressed, cor- date; inner margin crenulated. Length, half an inch. Locality.—Claiborne, Alab., London clay. Type.—The half dozen or more specimens of this species in the Conradian Collection in the Phila. Academy are probably the types Conrad used in describing the species. Florizon and locality.—So far as our collections go this spe- cies seems to be confined to the Claiborne sand bed at Claiborne, Ala. Lucina amica de Gregorio, Pli37.) igs, 225/23, L. amica de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc, Ala., 1890, p. 204, pl. 28, figs. 1-2. De Gregorio’s original description.—Testa parvula, solida, ineequi- latera, elliptica-suborbicularis antice et postice extus vix subangulata ; lam- ellis concentricis latis, subimbricatis ornata ; in valva dextra dente cardi- nali potius notato; dentibus lateralibus (antico et postico) notatis ; mar- gine crenulato. Cette espéce est analogue par l’ornementation a7 Egeria nana Lea. Elle différe dela ZL. Smithi Meyer par le défaut de lignes rayonnantes, et II2 BULLETIN 31 112 par les lamelles concentriques. Elle différedela Z. disculpta Meyer avec laquelle elle a quelque d’analogie par le épaisseur de la coquille, les lamelles réguliéres etc. (Coll. mon Cabinet.) This we regard as some extraneous form that de Gregorio had mixed with his Claiborne matter while working up his ‘““Monograph’’. Dall seemed inclined at first to regard it assyn- onymous with pomilia (see p. 1364, III, Trans. Wag.) and later suggested its possible relationship to clazbornensis (see p. 1374, op. cit.) Nosuch form has shown up inany of our Claiborne collections. Lucina hamatus Dall, : Pl 37. 9 Biswene Phaicoides (Here) hamatus Dall, Trans. Wa6, III, 1903, p. 1364, pl. 50, fig. 9. Dall’s original description.—Shell small, plump, with small, high, prosogyrate beaks ; dorsal areas strongly emphasized by an impressed sul- cus on their ventral margins which terminates distally in an indentation of the margin which, as it were, loops up the line of the profile ; surface sculp- tured with incremental lines and regularly spaced, rather distant, slightly elevated and recurved concentric lamelle; lunule small, cordate, deep, over- shadowed by the gyrate umbones ; escutcheon none; anterior end of the valve below the anterior dorsal area projecting, subangular; hinge and ad- ductor scars normal. Height 13.6, length 14.0, diam. Io.o mm. Eocene of the lower bed at Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; Lea. Our various collections from the base of the Bluff have un- fortunately brought to light nothing corresponding to this species. The credit of its collection Dall gives to Lea, but, so far as we are aware, none of Lea’s fossils were from the basal (St. Maurice) bed. Itis withinthe range of mere possibility that thisis a pathologic specimen of Z. clatbornensis, a very common species at this horizon and locality, and with surface markings agreeing well with the characters enumerated above. Various stocks of small Lucinas. In taking up the smaller Lucinas of the St. Maurice and iI3 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA TI Claiborne stages one notes at once the presence of the new, or non-Sabine form, Z. dolabra. It has practically no resemblance - to anything seen before in the American Eocene deposits. One marvels at the scarcity of little Lucinas in the vast stretches of St. Maurice deposits of the Gulf border states. The generally lignitic conditions of the Claiborne stage, however, bring back the bulk of the small Lucinas that had ap- peared just at the close of the Sabine. For want of better names, the three commori stocks may be named the (1) smzthz, (2) wd- vicht (Har. non Clark) and the (3) ozarkana. ‘These are repre- sented at or near the Sabine—St. Maurice division line in the Vir- ginia basin by (1) whdtez, (2) whleri and (3) dartoni. No. 1 is almost Corézs-like, with well developed laterals, with small cor- date lunule and well-defined cardinals; No. 2 is less inflated, more finely sculptured, with weaker dentition and longer lunule ; _No. 3 has its dentition reduced to cardinals, while between the more distant concentric raised lines, the fine radiate lines are conspicuous. No. 3 quickly passes into huge toothless forms in the St. Maurice and dies out as the smaller subvexa in the Clat- borne. Nos. 1 and 2 seem remarkably poorly represented in the St. Maurice stage. We have afew specimens of No. 1 from the Orangeburg District,S. C., and have seen an imperfect valve of No. 2 from Texas. But in the Claiborne sand one finds such specimensin abundance. ‘The elliptical, miniature Cordzs-like smitht of the upper Sabine (pl. 38, figs. 2-4) becomes more ele- vated, with more pronouncedly differentiated surface sculpture, passing on the one hand directly from fomzlia to the elevated, wavy alveata, and on the other less directly to the smoother forms with more sharply defined dorsal areas, carinifera of Con- rad. All these might well be referred to one species if one cared to combine all that seem to show direct relationship. No. 2 of the Sabine, is perhaps represented in the Claiborne by papyracea, with its comparatively smooth surface, long lunule, weak denti- tion, &c. But occasionally startling resemblances occur between some members of this line of descent and some members of the pomilia branch. A form from Jackson, Miss., probably the II4 BULLETIN 31 Ii4 ‘“‘curta’’ of Conrad although the description and figure given by Conrad of that species leave much to be desired, hasa general pomilia-smitht appearance but with longer lunule. Lucina carinifera Conrad, Ple37.> Bigs) 25-20 L. carinifera Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Nov. 1833, p. 40. L. cornuta Vea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. 1833, p. 56, pl. 1, fig. 29. L. carinifera Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 402, pl. 4, fig. 15. Conrad’s original description.—Shell suborbicular, subequilateral ventricose, with equidistant, acute, prominent concentric strize; anterior side with a profound fold, or obtuse elevation, and a cordate undulated de- pression ; posterior side with a profound indented fold, emarginating the base ; anterior end emarginate above the fold; beaks prominent and in- curved ; cardinal and lateral teeth distinct ; cavity capacious ; margin cren- ulated. We have given copies of both Conrad’s and Lea’s figures of this species insomuch as both show specimens more acutely pointed anteriorly than any in our collections. The more com- mon appearance of this species is shown by figs. 27-29. This seems to be a mere off-shoot from the pomzlza stock de- scribed below. ‘The ‘‘dorsal areas’’ are not so sharply defined as in hamatus as described by Dall, but are more distinct than in pomilia. Type.—The two specimens in the Conradian Collection at the Phila. Academy are doubtless the types. They are from the Claiborne sand bed. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. We have not found this ‘‘species’’ outside of the sand bed at Claiborne. Lucina pomilia var. smithi Meyer, Pl. 38. | Figs. 1-5. Lucina smithi Meyer, Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 81, pl. I, fig. 23. Lucina pomilia Har., Bull. Am. Pal., 97, vol. 2, p. 70, pl. 20, figs. 3, a, b. Probably part smithi aud part curta Dall, Trans. Wag., II, p. 1358 and 1381. II5 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA II5 For Conrad’s description of fosmilia, see reference above cited. b} Meyer's original description of smithi.—Solid ; irregularly elliptical ; subequilateral ; with cardinal and lateral teeth; a small but deep lunule inside of a large indistinct one; surface with irregular lines of growth, be- coming more regular at the extremities; they are crossed {by very indis- tinct radiating lines, margin crenulate. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Amongst our various collections from Claiborne we fail to find any specimens with quite the comparative breadth or decid- edly elliptical form shown by Meyer’s figure (herewith copied). But at Woods Bluff such is the prevailing type in the pomzéza- like specimens. The concentric marking is there however more regular than Meyer’s description would imply. We have fully illustrated the Woods Bluff form on pl. 38. Note the general smitht shape, with strong concentric raised lines tending to bunch up in great folds, but in no such marked degree as shown in fo- milia and alveata from the Claiborne sand. The depth of the valves, the somewhat twisted appearance of the umbones and the regular liration tend to give the Sabine forms of this species a Corbis-like aspect. From the St. Maurice beds of Virginia, at Newcastle we find a form of this variety as shown in pl. 38, fig. 5. And from about the same horizon 3 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. the rather small specimens show comparatively stronger lirations, with beaks located even more posteriorly than in any specimens herewith figured. Lucina pomilia Conrad, Pl. 38. Figs. 6-11. For description and synonymy, see references given above. Pomilia Con. (or impressa Vea), is the name applied to the Claiborne form of this stock, occupying a median ground be- tween the rather smooth, dorsally characteristic carinifera and the high, billowy alveata. Itiscertainly represented by figs. 6- toand it may include fig. 11, according to some authors. As already stated, we have never collected specimens so angularly developed dorsally as represented by Conrad’s drawing of carin- 116 BULLETIN 31 116 zfera or Lea’s of cornuta. Our specimens of this general type are represented by figs. 27-29 (pl. 37). | Specimens of the high, alveata Con. or /unata Lea type (figs. 12-16) are exceedingly abundant in the Claiborne sand at Claiborne. Hence there is no trouble in finding an abundance of ‘‘connecting links’’ between this and the average paomzlia. Types.—The 4 specimens labelled pomz/ia in the Conradian Collection at the Phila. Academy are doubtless the type speci- mens. ‘The type of alveata is doubtless the rather high and nar- row form labelled alveata, showing 7 primary concentric undula- tions. fTorizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Locality.—Practically all of our identifiable material coming under Jomilza and close related forms is from the Claiborne sand at Claiborne. Hence the specimens figured are all from that lo- cality. Lucina papyracea Lea, Bil aoe Eerste oie L. papyracea Vea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 58, pl. I, fig. 31. ? L. modesta Con. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 403, pl. 4, fig. 13. Lea’s original description.—Shell orbicular, lenticular, somewhat inflated, concentrically and finely striated, slightly foided behind and sub- emarginate ; substance of the shell thin; lunule cordate; beaks rather pointed ; lateral teeth scarcely perceptible; anterior cicatrix short ; lines of growth indistinctly marked ; cavity of the shell rather shallow ; margin crenulate. Diam. 3-20ths, Length 7-20ths, Breadth 7-20ths of an inch. Observations.—This species has a general resemblance to the zmpressa, but differs in being rather less inflated and in being without the deep im- pression beforethe beaks. The posterior fold of zmpressa is greater, and the lateral teeth are much larger. Inthe present species the striz de- crease in number on the posterior part and there become squamose. Conrad’s original description of modesta runs thus : Orbicular, ventricose, thin, with minute, approximate concentric lines ; posterior side with an impressed submarginal fold ; posterior margin truncated, direct ; ligament margin straight and oblique; beaks promi- nent, medial. Dall and Cossmann seem inclined to refer szodesta to what we term the pomzlia stock, whereas it seems to us that from Conrad’s 117 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA IIl7 description it belongs under papyracea. ‘There is but one word in Conrad’s description out of harmony with this interpretation, —the word ventricose. Otherwise Conrad’s description fits papyracea very much better than any form of the fomzlia group. The young of the latter are possessed of strong, not ‘“‘minute’’ concentric lines ; the ligamental margin is arched, not “‘straight and oblique’ &c., &c. Lea’s expression, ‘‘lunule cordate’’ is very happily modified in his Observations when he says that the species is ‘‘without the deep depression before the beaks’’. The extended lunular area, the somewhat shallow character of the valves, their thinness, with fine exterior sculpturing not decidedly inclined to billowy concentration serve to make this a fairly distinct and well-defined species. Itis doubtless of the uhleri*-ulricht stock. Type.—There are no specimens in the Lea Collection at the Phila. Academy corresponding exactly to Lea’sfigures. Perhaps No. 5164 may be the specimen he figured for the left valve though it is but 6-7ths the size of his figure. Florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. ; Clai- borne, Ala. Lucina bisculpta Meyer, Pl 38. ) Bigs. 22, 236 L. bisculpta Mr., Bull. 1, Ala. Geol. Surv., No. 2, 1886, p. 81, pl. 1, figs. 30, 30, a. *In our Bulletin dealing with the Bivalves of the Sabine Stage (vol. II, p. 263, pl. 20, figs. 6, 5, a, 6) we hesitatingly referred the Woods Bluff form to Clark’s uwhleri (by a slip spelling the name w/yichi). Since that date Clark has given much more satisfactory figures of his wh/eri and we have obtained specimens for direct comparison and now find the Alabama and Virginia forms close, yet differing by the generally greater size of w/- richt, its longer, more elliptical form, less elevated beaks and lack of a most pronounced, long, oblique truncation posteriorly. Since w/richi has gotten into the literature we will retain itfor the present for the Alabama Sabine form of this stock. 118 BULLETIN 31 118 Meyer’s original description.—Thin ; convex; oval ; anterior margin truncated ; beak turned anteriorly; lunule rather small; impressed; cor- date ; hinge of the right valve with one cardinal and two obsolete distant lateral teeth ; inner surface with radiating impressed lines, which crenulate the margin ; outer surface with concentric elevated distinct lines ; except on the umbo they are separated by rather large and regular distances. Locat- ity.—Claiborne, Ala. The radiating lines of the inside correspond, at some places near the margin, with indistinct rib-like elevations of the surface. By a mistake, the figure of this species, on plate 1, shows two teeth below the beak in- stead of one. We have copied Meyer’s figures, but have found nothing in our collections closely corresponding. Dall refers this to the pomilia stock ; Cossmann questions whether or not it isa Lucina at all. We would refer it to some variety of papyracea. Lucina ozarkana Harris, Pl. 38. Figs. 24-26. ? L. dartont Clark, Bull. 141, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 79, pl. 20, figs. 2 a=Ce L. ozarkana Har. ‘These Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 204, pl. 20, figs. 7, a-b. L. convexa Dall, partim, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1352. For original description, see Bulletin referred to above. In this species as found in the Sabine Eocene of Woods Bluff and Ozark, there is little to indicate its possibilities in the St. Maurice stage. In form of outline in interior characteristic ‘and often in size it resembles w/richz very closely. But its denti- tion is slightly weaker, it is more inflated, has more regular and evenly spaced large, raised concentric lines, and above all shows very striking radiate sculpturing between these lines, spreading out laterally in almost Camptonectes fashion. In the St. Maurice beds it perhaps is best displayed at the base of the bluff at Clai- borne. It here often shows a variation in diameter from 15 to 50 mm., a considerable variation as to gibbosity, with concen- tric striation regularly and strongly defined. It is possible that dartonz of the Virginia basin may bea small form of this species as Dall maintains, but from the fact that the Virginia specimens are all small, though presumably of 119 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 119 St. Maurice horizon, with very different muscular impressions Gf we can trust the figures of Clark) different outline, different or stronger dentition &c, we prefer to retain the Alabama design- ation for the Alabama specimens. Types.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. From the Sabine Eocene beds at Ozark, Ala. fTorizon.—Sabine and St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities.—Base of Bluff, Claiborne ; Lisbon and Ozark, in the St. Maurice Kocene. Woods Bluff and Ozark, in the Sabine Eocene. Marble Quarry, Winn Parish, La.; Vance’s Ferry, S. C. ; 2 miles S. of Meridian, Miss. (U. S. N. M.) Loripes subvexa Conrad, Pls 3992 Kigse 1, (2s3304a0) L. subvexa Con., Foss. Shells Tert. Form., 1832, p. 40. L. subvexa Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 403, pl. 4, fig. 14. Cyclas subvexa Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 8. Lucina (Loripes) subvexa de Greg., Mon, Faun. Koc. Ala., 1890, p. vA 207, pl. 29, fig. 14. Lucina subvexa Dall, partim, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1352. Conrad’s original description.—Shell suborbicular ; ventricose ; with fine concentric and minute obscure radiating lines, posterior side with an obscure fold, anterior side elevated and subangulated above, hinge edentu- lous ; anterior muscular impression not profoundly elongated ; cavity very capacious ; surface punctate. In 1846 Conrad adds in the description given in the American Journal of Science: A rare species. I have but one valye, which is thin about the basal margin, thicker above, with a rough unequal radio-punctate interior ; the lunule small and impressed, and the hinge plate narrow and without teeth. There is a fragment of a specimen we would generally refer to ‘‘Lorifes’’ still in the Conradian Collection at the Phila. Academy, about 25mm. in diameter, that is probably Conrad’s type. It shows well the long anterior muscular scar, the punc- tate or pitted character and the diagonal long interior impression common to specimens of this genus. So far as we are aware no one has found this shell in the W200 a. BULLETIN 31 120 Claiborne sand since the day of Conrad, but its occurrence in varietal forms are well-known in the St. Maurice beds below. Even the Sabine has representatives. ° Itis more globular in form than ozarkana and attains a greater size, even 80 mm., or morein diameter. In certain ‘‘Buhrstone’’ layers in southern Alabama this is the most abund- ant and conspicuous fossil observed. However, on account of its occurrence nearly always in the form of casts it has not been col- lected and brought into museums as frequently as its importance demands. Starting witha small, bullet-like variety (sylverupis, nu. var.) at Woods Bluff as seen considerably enlarged on pl. 39, figs. 3 and 5, the dentition like ‘ozarkana seems here still further weakened, yet there is a fairly sharp, compressed tooth in the valve, under the beak ; in the right there is a remnant also of an anterior lateral socket. The hinge line becomes very delicate, the exterior marking is less regular and sharply defined than in ozarkana but of the same general type. As the shell increases | in size in the St. Maurice bedsit has the appearance shown by figs. 2 and 4 of pl. 39, loses all traces of dentition, shows but rarely the fine Camptonectes sculpture, but sometimes larger radii as indicated in fig. 4, shows quite generally an anterior an- gulation, as also indicated in fig. 4, becomes very large and con- spicuous, yet the shell substance is perhaps never much over .5 mim. in thickness. ‘The shell when preserved seems to be of a dull, porcellaneous composition, lustreless as the ordinary Lor- tpes of today. It seems strange why this light, very abundant, prolific spe- cies was not represented west of the Mississippi. It is impossible to state at present whether the form here placed under this species, from pre-Claibornian horizons, was really the ancestor of Conrad’s sxbvexa of the Claiborne; or whether the Conradian species was derived from the ozarkana strain. The nomenclature of these forms is not definitely settled. Dall regards ozarkana as simply the young of subvexa, but ad- mits there is another larger species occurring in the St. Maurice I2r St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 121 stage. Type.—Of the sp., Phila. Acad. Of var. Mus. C. U. Horizon.—Sabine-Claiborne inclusive. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities. —Sabine, Woods Bluff, Ala. St. Maurice, Ham- ilton Bluff, Ozark, Lisbon, Ala.; Ft. Gaines, Ga.; Eutaw Springs ?, S. C. Lucina pandata Dall, Pls zon. Higs6 5) 7 L. pandata Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, p. 343. L. compressa Yea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 55, pl. 1, fig. 27. L. compressa de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 206, pl. 29, fig. 5. Phacoides (Miltha) pandatus Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1374. Conrad’s original description Shell oval, compressed, obscurely cancellated ; anterior side somewhat currugated ; beaks nearly central ; teeth three in one valve; anterior muscular impression profoundly elong- ated ; lunule excavated, minute. Length one inch and one fourth. Locality.—Claiborne, Alab., London clay. This shell is allied to Lucina mutabilis Yam. This is the most abundant large Lucina of the Claiborne Eocene. At Claiborne it is often thickened within, showing muscular scars and pitting, deeply depressed. This thickening is perhaps not so common inthe St. Maurice beds. We have found no specimens of this species west of the Mississippi but it occurs fairly abundantly in form of casts on the Neuse River, NEC: Types.—The specimens in the Conradian Collection, Phila. Acad. Hforizon.—St. Maurice and Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Claiborne specimens in the Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities.—Claiborne, Lisbon, Ala. Rock Landing, Neuse River, N. C. Lucina claibornensis Conrad, Phi gqy bigss S. O: Cyclas claibornensis Con. Amer. Jour. Conch.. vol. 1, 1865, p. 146. 122 BULLETIN 31 122 Phacoides (Miltha) clatbornensis Dall, Trans. Wag. III, 1903, p. 1374, pl. 50, fig. 18. Conrad’s original description.—Suborbicular compressed, inequilat- eral; beaks small and acute; disk with concentric, prominent, numerous lamelliform striz ; ligament margin straight, oblique; posterior end trun- cated, or slightly emarginate ; ventral margin profoundly rounded. Height 1% inch. Length 1% inch. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. This shell occurs in the group at the base of Claiborne Bluff, belong- ing to an older division of the Eocene than the Claiborne group above. The cardinal teeth are prominent, and the pits profound. Dall is mistaken in his explanation of pl. 50, fig. 18, where he refers this species to the ‘‘Claiborne Sands’’. _It is strictly a St. Maurice form. ‘The specimens herewith figured, from Lis- bon, have less widely separated raised concentric ridges and the cardinal margin is more curved than the specimens from the type locality at the base of Claiborne Bluff. Conrad’s type as well as our specimens from that locality show clearly these differences. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Hlorizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ. Localities.—Base of Claiborne Bluff, Ozark, Lisbon and Hamilton Bluff, Ala.; Ft. Gaines, Ga. ; just below City Point, James River, Va. Lucina rotunda Lea, Pl 402) Pigss toe L. symmetrica Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 40. Cyclas symmetrica Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 9. L. rotunda \,ea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 56, pl. 1, fig. 28. L. rotunda de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 205, pl. 29, fig. 6-38. L. symmetrica ? Harris. These Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 263, pl. 14, fig. 4. Lea’s original description.—Shell orbicular, compressed, equilateral concentrically and finely striate, flattish over the umbones, folded before; substance of the shell thick, lunule small, lanceolate; beaks very small, pointed, recurved ; cardinal teeth indistinct ; cicatrices impressed, the an- terior one rather long ; lines of growth numerous near the margin; cavity of the shell very shallow, having rather a large furrow across its centre ; margin entire. 123 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA nee Diam. .6, Length 1.1, Breadth 1.1 of an inch. Observations. Single valves of two individuals only have come into my possession. Its orbicular form and beautiful concentric striz distin- guish this species. In these two specimens there are no marks of growth except near tothe margin, where, on one specimen there are four, on the other seven. These cause a thickening of the margin. We quite agree with de Gregorio and Dall that Conrad’s de- scription is too imperfect to be used in identifying this form. Had he even mentioned the size of the shell it would have helped wonderfully in its identification. Types.—No. 5152 is the type of the left valve figured by Lea. The right valve used in figuring is missing. Florizon.—Uppermost Sabine-Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ. from Claiborne. Locatities.—Hatchetigbee Bluff, Claiborne, Ala. Corbis claibornensis Dall, Pi Aon Higcmesyi C. lamellosa Con., non. Lam. Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1833, p. 41, Har- ris’ Reprint, pl. 19, fig. 5. C. lamellosa Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 4o1, pl. 4. fig. 16. Gafrarium liratum Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. I, 1865, p. 9. C. claibornensis Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1393. Conrad, though referring this form to /amellosa Lam. in 1833, gave a short description which runs as follows : Elliptical, cancellate, with elevated, concentric, remote laminz ; interstices with crowded, regular, transverse strie; inner margin crenu- lated. In 1846 he still referred it to the Paris Basin species, re- marking : The extreme scarcity of this shell at Claiborne is remarkable, as it is very abundant in the Paris Eocene. It varies little from the Paris speci- mens, the principal difference being in the thicker and more approximate ribs towards the base. Conrad evidently concluded some time before 1865 that the American and European forms were specifically distinct, for in aS BULLETIN 31 124 that year he denominates his species G. ivatum. This as Dall points out was practically preoccupied by d’Archiac’s Luecina (Corbis) lyrata, hence the name introduced by Dall. Type.—The single specimen in the Conradian Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., may be taken for the type. Horizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimen figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Corbis undata Conrad, Pl. 4o. Fig. 5. C. undata Con., -Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41 ; pl. fig. 6, of Har- ris’ Reprint. C. distans Con., Tbid., p. 41. Gafrarium distans Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 8. Corbis undata Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1392. Conrad’s original description.—Suboval, convex, with radiating striz, and elevated concentric undulations on the umbo, and impressed lines on the inferior portion of the valve, where the radiating lines are ob- solete ; umbo rather ventricose ; beaks central, inner margin crenate. Dall remarks, of cit. : Conrad described the adult (wzdata) and young (distdus) shellsas separate species in 1833 ; he united them under the name wzdaza in 1846; in 1865 having apparently forgotten his consoli- dation, he united them a second time under distans. ‘The first rectification of course, must take precedence. Perhaps Conrad’s second rectification was due to the fact that the name distans preceded uwudata on p. 41 where they were both used. De Gregorio adopts distavs as the correct name. Types.—Specimens in the Conradian Coll., Phila. Acad. florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. from Claiborne. ‘ Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Spherella anteproducaa Harris, Pl. 4o. Figs. 6-8. Spherella ? anteproducta Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, Pp. 50, pl. 2, Fig. 4. % Dipl. turgida Dall, partim, (not Conrad), Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1181. 125 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 125 - Harris’ original description.—Size and general form as indicated by the figure ; anterior somewhat produced, laterally compressed ; posterior dorsal margin likewise somewhat compressed ; ventricose. This species is much more ventricose than zzflata lea, from the Claiborne, and scarcely as much so as furgida Con. from the Vicksburg beds. The umbones are intermediate in size between zzflata and turgida, the size greater than either. Dall combines furgzda of the Vicksburg Oligocene beds with bulla from the Jackson and azteproducta from the St. Maurice beds. Leaving aside the relationship of ¢tuvgzda and bulla for future consideration, it may now be stated that the present wri- ter, with the U.S. Museum material as used by Dall, plus large collections from Texas and the Philadelphia Academy material under examination, saw a somewhat marked dissimilarity between the Jackson du//a (fig. 9) and the St. Maurice antepro- ducta (figs. 6, 7, 8). The illustrations herewith given will as- sist inshowing such differences. Others might be given show- ing a much wider range of variation. Our MS notes made at the Academy (1892) with the Texas anteproducta and the Jack- son dzl/a in hand for comparison read : Spherella bulla Con., from ‘‘Enterprise, Miss.’’ [i. e. Jacksonian] consists of two very imperfect fragments. The anterior part is evidently less pointed than in the Texas Spherella. It has frequently seemed strange that these inflated Spheerel- las should be filled and sealed up so that the internal character- istics are very difficult to determine. The interior is quite fre- quently a clay iron-stone. Perhaps the mystery is solved to some extent by the study of the dentition of a specimen found in loose marl at St. Maurice. The dentition (see pl. 4o, figs. 8 a, b) consists—in the right valve—of an anterior cardinal, long, sickle-shaped, curving well up into the beak of the opposite valve; a posterior compound cardinal with one prong extending back- wards at an angle of perhaps 45 degrees with the hinge margin and with a second prong extensively developed backwards into an almost paddle-shaped extremity connected however below, marginaily by an extension, to the umbonal region of the shell. This paddle-like portion of the tooth is twisted sothat in viewing 126 BULLETIN 31 126 the hinge from above, or laterally, it is seen at an angle of per- haps 45 degrees. In the left valve the representative of the us- ually narrow little bifid tooth is two almost separate plates lean- ing together above and passing well into the right valve. The posterior tooth so over-locks the paddle-shaped process that it is quite impossible to open the shell but slightly without fracturing the teeth. So far as we are aware this is the most vigorously developed hinge dentition yet described under the genus Spherella. Con- rad founded the genus on szdvexa, a Miocene fossil from the James River, Va., having only the left valve before him (Medial Tert., 1838, p. 18, pl. X, fig. 2). In 1871 his knowledge of the genus had so increased that he described the dental conditions in the right valve (Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, p. 200, pl. 11, fig. 9). Summing up the general characteristics he says : Hinge of right valve with three cardinal teeth, the two anterior teeth - smiall, entire ; posterior tooth rather elongated, parallel with the hinge margin and slightly grooved. The above diagnosis shows a wide difference in this genus to Diplodonta or Felania. The muscular impressions are larger than those of the allied genera and the posterior cicatrix is much near- er the ventral margin. The posterior tooth described above may be said to coalesce with the adjacent tooth at the base. The left valve has one small direct cardinal tooth under the apex and an elongated, compressed, very oblique tooth, with a pit between them. All the species are subspheroidal, and constitute a group of rounded bivalves with a profounder cavity than exists in any other genus. There is one species in the Miocene of Virginia, one in the Oligocene at Vicksburg, and the recent Lucina orbella, Gould, is aspecies of Spherella, in which the muscular impressions are very large and unlike those in: Dip- lodonta. Conrad doubtless knew in ’71 that he had been mistaken in 1865 (Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, p.9)in referring zzflata and levis to this genus ; but why he should have omitted to mention his bulla, p. 138, zb¢dem, noone now car tell. Dall could not possibly have had in hand specimens from which he could determine the hinge in the present species or he never would have lumped it in with the Dzplodonte. (Trans. Wag., III, p. 1179-82). 127 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 127 Specimens showing interior characteristics are very rare, and we have found none showing ina satisfactory manner the characteristics of the muscular scars. "The more robust develop- ment of the teeth in this species, as compared with the specimens Conrad studied suggest the modifying of his generic description so as to include the strong, sickle-shaped anterior in the right valve and the decidedly bifid or twinned anterior cardinal in the left valve. The long, posterior cardinals are remarkable in their greatly developed, practically free, posterior extension and inter- locking character. Conrad’s Miocene ‘‘type’’ form unfortunate- ly represents a decadent and senile strain of this virile genus. This fact has doubtless led to such statements as: ‘‘It isevident, therefore, that Spizrella can be regarded at most as a section of Diplodonta, closely allied to the typical form of that genus.” Again, regarding the species in question: ‘‘This remarkable globular species is not a Spherella, but simply aturgid Dzplo- doula.” (Traus. Wag., Ill, p. 1182): This species is well distributed in Texas, but perhaps no other locality can well compare for abundance and size and var- iety of specimens with St. Maurice, La. Type.—Singley’s Collection, Tex. florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Deposited in Paleont. Coll. Cornell Univ., from St. Maurice, La. Localities. —Texas : Cedar Creek, Wheelock League, Robert- son Co., cutting on Tyler andS. E. R. R., goo yds. S. of mile post No. 23, Cherokee Co.; Dr. Collard’s farm, Sparks Head- Gent. Brazos) Co. ; Elm / Creek, ee Cor; Smithville; ar: St. Maurice, Natchitoches, Vivian, Marble Q’y, ? Cedar Bluff, Sabine R. Miss.: McLeod’s Mill, Suwanlovey Cr., Clark Co. Giplodonta ungulina, : Pl. 4o. Figs. 10-14. Astarte unglina Con., Am. Jr. Sci., vol. 23, 1833, Pp. 342. Egeria rotunda Y,ea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 50, pl. 1, fig. 17. Diplodonta astartiformis Con., Jr. Phila. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1860, vol. 4, 296. Diplodonta deltoidea Con. Jr. Phila &c., vol. 4, p. 296. 128 BULLETIN 31 128 Mysia astartiformis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 147, pl. Tet, 101s, Te. Mysia deltoidea Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 147, pl. 11, fig. Io. Diplodonta ungulina Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1181. Conrad’s original description.—Shell slightly elevated, or obovate, a little convex, with fine concentric sulci, becoming obsolete with age; beaks inclining a little forward and the apex acute; inner margin entire: lunule none. Length halfan inch. (Claiborne, Ala. ) Diplodonta marlboroensis Clark and Martin, Geol. Surv. Md., 1901, Eocene, p. 173, pl. 36, fig. 4, may be a variery of this species. This is one of the most abundant fossils at Claiborne. It- varies considerably in thickness of the shell, outline and size. Occasionally an almost discoid form is seen; occasional speci- mens twice the usual size are apt to be discoidal and rather thin. LOWG—— ks fTorizon.—Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities. —Claiborne and Lisbon, Ala. Diplodonta nana Lea, Pl 40> ‘Eigs: 15306: Egeria nana Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 55, pl. I, fig. 26. &, ? nana Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, p. 5, 1865. Diplodonia ungulina de Greg., partim., Mon. Faun. Koc. Ala., 1890, p. 208. Felantella nana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, rgoo, p. 1181. Lea’s original description.—Shell rotundo-oblique, compressed, angular above, subequilateral, concentrically striate; substance of the shell rather thin; beaks pointed, cicatrices imperceptible; cavity of the shell shallow—of the beak angular ; margin entire. Diam. .1, Length 5-20, Breadth 5-2oths, of an inch. Observations.—Closely resembles the rotunda. It has, however, somewhat larger concentric strize—isa much smaller shell and is more oblique. Dall refers this species to Felanzella, a subdivision of Dzplo- donta. ‘The same he describes as follows : Shell like Diplodonta, but heavy, compressed, externally smooth, with a conspicuous, usually dark epidermis, and less equilateral valves. We herewith figure some small specimens that would be re- 129 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 129 ferred by most authorities to zava. But the concentric striation isnot coarser than in wxgulina, the shell substance is rather thick and the muscular scars are well-defined. These latter fea- tures differing from Lea’s description show he must have had samples of young wagzdina in hand while describing this species. In a few specimens, like those figured there is a certain obliquity of the shell not generally shown in young wugulina; also the strong, apparently adult bifid character of the pos- terior cardinal in the right valve contrasts rather strongly with the narrow, often simple representative in wugulina. There is almost a scaly, knife-edge sharpness about the peri- phery of the shell. suggesting perhaps an epidermisas referred to by Dall under Felaniella. We have no specimens at all compar- able with Lea’sin size, 4% inch in diameter ! Type.—Probably No. 5142, Lea Coll., Phila. Acad., but there is considerable doubt in the matter as shown by Lea’s de- scription. Florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. _Diplodonta inflata Lea, Pl. 4o. Figs. 17-19. Egeria inflata Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 50, pl. 1, fig. 18. Lucina (Sphe@rella) levisvar. paruminjflata de Greg., Mon Faun. Koc. Ala., 1890, p. 207, pl. 29, figs. 16-17. Diplodonta sp. Harris. These Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 257, pl. 19, fig. 7. D. inflata Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, 1182. Lea’s original description.—Shell subrotund, rather transverse, inflated, subequilateral, very finely and concentrically striate, sub- stance of the shell very thin ; beaks rather elevated ; posterior slope fur- nished with an indistinct fold. Cicatrices scarcely perceptible ; cavity of the shell much excavated, of the beaks deep and rounded, margin entire. Diam. .2, Length 7-20, Breadth 7-20ths of an inch. As Dall remarks this shell is never really much ‘‘inflated’’. Hence Gregorio’s variety. This species has a more squarish form, is thinner and is far more rare in the Claiborne sand than uzgalina. Type.—No. 5088, Lea Coll., Phil. Acad. 130 BULLETIN 31 ee fTorizon.—Sabine-Claiborne inclusive. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ.; Clai- borne, Ala. Localities.—Sabine: Woods Bluff. St. Maurice : Winnfield Marble Quarry, La. Claiborne: Claiborne, Ala. Diplodonta corbiscula, n. sp., Pl. 40. Figs. 20, 21, a Specific characterization.—Form and size as indicated by the figure and explanation; anterior nearly 50per cent longer than posterior; cardinal margin strongly developed with avery strong bifid anterior cardinal tooth and a small posterior one ; ligamental channel short, curving from beak to inner margin of shell not far behind the small posterior cardinal; muscular impressions rather large and ill-defined ; interior rudely radiately striate ; ex- terior smooth, save very fine concentric lining ; lunule wanting. The cutting away of the shell margin just anterior to the heavy bifid tooth in the left valve (the only one known) would seem to indicate that there was a very strong anterior cardinal in the right valve ; doubtless the bifid posterior was strongly de- veloped as the pit is wide and deep in the left valve. Though the shell is thick about the cardinal margin it is thin basally. The margin of the valve tends to make lateral teeth. First, as seen just before the bifid cardinal, a narrow fold on the mar- gin winds out from under the beak and as it passes up over the middle of the edge of the shell it is rather prominent and lateral- tooth-like. Second, the margin of the shell just posterior to the basal end of the ligament channel is somewhat tooth-like. Type, etc.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ., from Claiborne Eocene, Claiborne, Ala. Chama monroensis, Pl. 41. Figs. I, ? 2-4. C. monroensis Ald., The Nautilus, vol. 26, Jan. 1903, p. 100, pl. 4, fig. 15. Aldrich’s original description.—Shell of medium size, strongly ru- gosely plicated, lamellar. Upper valve with 6-8 leaves turned up to nearly ha \o>) bad ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 131 a vertical at their ventral edges, each leaf covered with radial raised lines running in couples. Upper valve slightly convex, lower valve convex and inequilateral. Resembles somewhat C. corticosa Con., but is smaller and more pro- fusely ornamented. One lower valve has twelve leaves or corrugations. Locality.—The Ostrea selleformis bed, at White’s Marl bed, Monroe Co., Alabama. In our collection from Wautubbee, Hickory, and 8 miles W. of Enterprise, Miss., and Orangeburg, S. C., made in 1898 there are several valves of a Chama belonging presumably to Aldrich’s species though what hecalls the upper valve seems to us to be the attached valve. He does not figure the ‘‘lower valve’’. We simply know that it is convex and one valve ‘‘has 12 leaves or corrugations’’. In ours the upper valve is intensely foliate as shown in the figure (fig. 3). A specimen of a lesser valve of a species with beaks gyrating in the opposite direction from the above is shown as fig. 4, from between Orrell’s Crossing and Evergreen Crossing of Elm Creek, Lee Co., Tex. Cardium harrisi Vaughan, Pl. 41. Figs. 5-7. C. harrisi Vaughan, Bull. U. S. G. S., 142, 1896, p. 37, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2. C. (Tropidocardium) harrisi Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1092. Vaughan’s original description.—Shell large, ventricose umbones very prominent, incurved, situated about half-way between the anterior and posterior terminations of theshell. Anterior portion somewhat rostrate ; anterior margin gradually rounded. Base gently curved. The posterior almost straight, rounding to meet the basal margin. Nineteen broad ribs anterior to the umbonal slope.* Posterior to the umbonal slope the ribs do not show on the cast. Length 74 mm.; height (from basal margin to the highest point of umbonal prominence), 70 mm., diameter, 56 mm. The figure and description are made from an excellent internal cast. Specimens from Winn Parish show clearly that some of the ribs on the post-umbonal slope are provided with huge saw-tooth-like flat spines. Excellent material from the base of Claiborne bluff *The large variety of this species which may be called gainesense has 33-36 ribs ‘‘anterior to the umbonal slope.”’ BBQ" BULLETIN 31 132 shows that the interspaces usually have a medially depressed radiating line, while the ribs show a slight tendency medially to show projections. On the rib marking off the umbonal slope the projections are huge saw teeth. This shell seems to be the direct descendant of Aldrich’s hatchetigbeense of the upper Sabine of Ala. Type.—(Figs. 5, 6) Nat. Mus. Coll., Wash., D.C. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ. from Lisbon, Ala. Localities.—Mt. Lebanon ; near Homer; L. P. Saunders’ places. 1S, 22)N. .02 Woo near Redland, 5. 10) 24)N.qmo eee Winn Parish (S. of Marble Q’y), La. Walnut Bluff, Ouachita River, Ark. Lisbon and base of Bluff, Claiborne. Ft. Gaines, Ga. . Cardium (Trachycardium) claibornense Ald., Ply Ate (Pigs Sano: C. (Trachy.) claibornense Ald. These Bulletins, vol. 5, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 4, IyIl. For Aldrich’s description, see page and vol. cited. Type.—Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ. Fforizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Type figure herewith copied. Localities. —De Sota, Miss. ; Claiborne, Ala. Figure 9 is from a specimen inthe Texas Survey material at Austin from Collier’s Ferry, Burleson Co., Tex. It has very much the general appearance of clazbornense. Cardium ouachitense, n. sp., Pi Aa: rio or Specific characterization.—Left valve—the only one known— very large (100 x 80 x 4o mm.), rather long, with high, proso- gyrate beak ; rotund throughout, not flattened medially as in harrist ; ribs strong, rather distant, seemingly rather acute and narrower than interspaces. 133 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 133 One instinctively thinks of C. magnum while looking upon this specimen, but magnum has many more ribs, is more oblique and has less extended, less prosogyrate beaks. Type.—Deposited in Paleont. Lab., C. U. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Locality.— Vicinity of Long Point, % mile below Alabama Landing, west side of the Ouachita River, La. Protocardia gambrina Gabb, JPY aia.) Leer) Do os ‘2 P. diversa’’? Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 370. P. gambrina Gabb, idem, p. 371. P. harrist Dall, atleast in part, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1113. Regarding this species Gabb remarks : ‘‘P. diversa Con. sp. —A small specimen from Houston Co., Texas, from an Hocene deposit presenting most of the characters of this species, but differs in some few points. It has the form of the typical speci- mens of P. diversa except that the buccal extremity is more reg- ular, the basal margin is entire, and not sinuous asin adult specimens of that species ; this may be however merely the ef- fect of the difference in age. The anterior portion is marked by obsolete cancellations, and the posterior radiations are somewhat different. The ribs are broad and rounded, with small bars placed at short intervals connecting them, while in the young state of P. diversa the ribs are linear with wide spaces and with- out connecting bars. In that species, also, the radiating portion of the surface blends into the adjoining surface by the ribs be- coming obsolete, while in this specimen the same portion ends abruptly, the ribs all being of the same size. It will be necessary to examine more specimens to decide whether this is the young of the above species or distinct. Should it prove so, I suggest the name P. gamébrina.”’ Dall remarks regarding this form: ‘‘P. gambrina Gabb, from the Oligocene of Texas, is the young of P. diversa, as Gabb suspected.’’ (Trans. Wag. , III, p. 1114.) Dall seems to have overlooked the fact that this is an Hocene Iga BULLETIN 31 134 fossil ; this confusion doubtless was brought about by Gabb’s comparing it with a Vicksburg form. The small, and presumably often young, specimens of this genus from the St. Maurice beds of the Gulf States are rather hard to identify; but judging by the form, without umbonal ridge as in zzcolleti and diversa, and the indications of beading along the sides of, rather than on the top of, the posterior ribs — as in zzcolletz itis evident we are dealing here rather with the well-defined form to which Dall has given the name harrzsz rather than with members of the zzcollett stock. But since Gabb’s name gambrina was given so long before Dall’s the laws of no- menclature demand that Gabb’s shall be used for this form of Protocardia. ‘The name harris¢ may perhaps be retained to de- note the rather small, though adult, specimens found in the up- per Sabine beds at Woods Bluff and elsewhere at about the same horizon. Type.—Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Hlortzon.—Sabine-St. Maurice Eocene. Specimen figured.—Alabama Bluff, Trinity River, Houston Go; lex: St. Maurice localities.—Smithville. Bastrop Co. ; Alabama Bluff, Houston Co. ; K. Jones’ well, Hodge headright, Houston Co., Texas. Hammett’s Branch, La. Lisbon, Ala. Protocardia sairivalis, n. sp., Pl. 42. Figs. 7-9. Specific characterization.—General aspect as figured ; small (12x 11 x 8 mm.); surface covered with very fine concentric strize, and where slightly decorticated, with fine radii which be- come gradually stronger as the umbonal angle is approached and from there to the posterior margin become prominent. The length of the shell (from anterior to posterior) is a lit- tle greater than one might judge from the illustration, as this dimension is somewhat shortened by the fact that the posterior is turned slightly towards the observer. The posterior radii seem to be imbricated by numerous strong growth lines. Type.—Dep’t Pal. Mus. C. U. 135 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 135 - Horizon, specimen figured, locality.—St. Maurice, La. (At the mouth of Saline Bayou.) An imprint in ferruginous matter from Bayou Negreet seems to be referable to this species. Meiocardia caroline Harris, Teil Aa, Vshieg, ae MM. caroline, ‘These Bulletins, No. 33, Mar., 1919, p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6. : For original description see the above reference. Type.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. florizon.— St. Maurice and Jackson. Specimen figured.—17 miles above Newburn, Neuse River, INES The imprints of the exterior of specimens from this locality show the finer markings and even the posterior radiating ridges better than the Jackson types do. A large cast isin our collections marked ‘‘Kinston, N. C.’’ Meretrix (sez. at. of Fischer) Perovata stock This stock is well differentiated in the upper Sabine at Woods Bluff, Ala., in a form heretofore referred to pervovata or subimpressa (with a query), but which deserves to be given a a designation of specific rank. See sy/verupis below. The ma- jority of the members of this stock were smooth and polished ex- teriorly. Where concentric markings occur they are smooth- topped undulations without sharply incised lines. The pallial sinus is well defined, either deep U-shaped or sub-biangular. As a rule the species are flattish, but in the typical perovata of the Claiborne sand become greatly developed umbonally. Passing upward from the Woods Bluff horizon it may be ‘noted that the szbiémpressa of the Virginia Basin is more ellipti- cal, thinner, and with a shallower pallial sinus, while the variety lisbonensis at Lisbon, Ala., gradually broadens towards sabvztrea Hae. BULLETIN 31 136 de Greg. though not equally thick. On the Neuse River, N. C. the large meusenszs with its incrassated interior, powerful hinge and generally biangulate pallial sinus is extremely abundant in the form of casts. ‘The Claiborne brings forth the typical fer- ovata in great abundance. It showsa tendency fore and aft to even, well-defined concentric corrugation and passes into variety aldricht. One off-shoot becomes decidedly corrugate and returns to the primitive flattish state and has received the name mortonz. In the Jackson the swbvztrea form is known as anxzexa; the ald- vicht, as pearlensts. Meretrix syiverupis, nu. sp., Pls 43) 9g ie C. perovata? Ald., Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 53. MM, subimpressa var. Har. ‘These Bulletins, vol. 2, 1897, p, 255, pl. 18, figs. 6, 7. The general characteristics of this form have already been _ discussed. With a much greater amount of material containing all stages of growth of subimpressa it is evident the two species are quite distinct. Figures of swbimpressa (figs. 2 and 3), from Pope’s Creek, Md., are here introduced for comparison with this Woods Bluff, Sabine, form. It is alsoclear that this merges, through the St. Maurice var. /sbonenszs into perovata of the Clai- borne sands. Types.—(The two specimens figured on pl. 18, vol. 2, of these Bulletins ; in C. U. Mus.) florizon.—Sabine Kocene, upper beds. Specimen figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Woods Bluff, Ala. Meretrix neusensis, n. sp., Pl. 43. Figs. 4-7, Io. Specific characterization.—General appearance as figured ; nearly smooth centrally, somewhat undulate peripherally ; rather longish, at some localities, with exceedingly thick shell in the umbonal regions but thin basally ; interior of the shell not ca- pacious, not extending up into the beaks behind the cardinal plate ; hinge heavy, broad. 137 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 137 This shell has the appearance of having been filled up with shell matter from within, leaving the muscular scars and pallial sinus very deeply sunken in the shell mass. In casts of the in- terior, these features appear very prominent. The greatest depth of the shell is at the anterior curve or angulation of the pallial sinus. ‘The complete filling of the umbonal region with shell matter is somewhat unusual. Variety /ésbonensis (described under perovata), if larger and thicker would appear exceedingly close to this form. ‘The out- line of the shell is often very much like that of pear/ensis. It is difficult to say whether this speciesis more closely related to /s- bonensis or subimpressa. Some specimens could very well be re- ferred to mutations of either. The pallial line is somewhat dis- tant from the basal margin of the shell, reminding one of Cvassz- tellites ; this is especially true in the very much shortened vari- eties of the species. Casts of this species are exceedingly abundant in the coarse silicious limestone about Newbern. Occasionally other species are found. At first we are astonished at the great amount of variation this species shows. But, still, pevovata in the Claiborne shows just as much. Rarely we find pseudomorph which as- sists greatly in determining the exterior characteristics (fig. 7, a). ‘Though the shell matter is often very thick, the diameter of the valvesis never proportionally so great asin typical pero- vata. In fact, this.seems to be a less specialized form, an over- grown /isbonensis. Type.—Paleont. Mus. C. U. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Cornell Univ. Localities.—In the ‘Trent formation’’ about Newbern, N. C., especially at Rocky Landing on the Neuse above Newbern, Har. Coll.; 16-17 above Newbern, Neuse River, Exp’d .’98. Meretrix perovata var. lishonensis,n. var., Pl. 43. Figs. 8-9. Varietal characterization.—General features as figured, ap- Ngee yes BULLETIN 31 138 pearing in some elongate forms singularly like sylverupis, but without the long anterior, and concave lunular margin of that species, therefore approaching in outline subimpressa Con., but with deeper valves and passing gradually through shorter forms (fig. 10 and var. sabuitrea de Greg., fig. 11) into typical perovata. Types.—Paleont. Mus.C. U. Florizon.—St. Maurice and Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ. Localities.—Ljisbon, base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala.; 3 and 6 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. Meretrix perovata Con., Pl. 43. Figs. 11, 12 a, 13g! - Cytherea perovata Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Aug., 1833, p. 37. Cytherea comis Yea, Cont. to Geol., Dec., 1833, p. 66, pl. 2, fig. 41. Dione perovata Con., Jr. Amer. Conch., vol, 1, 1865, p. 6. Cytherea equorea vars. comis and cominduta de Greg., Mon. Faun. Koc. Ala., 1890, Pp. 217, pl. 34, fig. I, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7) Conrad’s original description.—Shell cuneiform, ovate, convex, smooth and polished, slightly sulcated on the inferior half of the valves ; posterior side slightly compressed and cuneate; umbo tumid, beaks almost anterior ; two anterior cardinal teeth in the right valve, approximate and parallel ; lunule cordate and defined by asimple impressed line. Length 1% inches. Breadth rinch. CZazborne. Cab. Acad., N. 8S. That this isan extremely variable species weare ready toad- mit, ranging from the tumid, typical forms with but the pert- pheral beginnings of coarse liration, through more extensively marked, somewhat less inflated specimens called var. aldrichz (pl. 24, figs. 1, 2) to the large flat mortonz with its strong even concentric lirations. In the Jackson the sudbvitrea var. is repre- sented by axnexa Con. and the aldrichi var. by pearlensis Har. But, thatit is a variety of eguorea we seriously question. Greg- orio’s cominduta seems to include both mortontand our variety aldricht. For a discussion of var. aldricht Har., see these Bulletins, VOL 1. r805.) ps 43, appl. 71, fete Type.—(Ot perovata, Phila. Acad., of var. aldricht, Texas 139 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 139 Univ. Mus., Austin). Florizon.—Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities.—Claiborne and Lisbon, Ala. Shell Bluff, Ga. These Georgia imprints and casts seem closely related to Jerovata and eusensts. Meretrix mortoni Con., Pl 43.) Bigs. M4. 15.G. Cytherea mortont Con., Jr. Phila. Ac. Nat. Sci., vol. 7, 1834, p. 150; pl. 20, fig. 1. Harris’ Reprint Con. Foss. Sh., &c. Dione mortont Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 6. Cytherea equorea, var. cominduta de Greg., partim, Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 217, pl. 34, fig. 5. C. @quorea Cossm., Notes Compl. &c., 1893, p. 10, var. mortont. Conrad’s original description.—Shell ovate, convex, with numer- ous regular impressed lines ; lunule cordate, defined by an impressed line. Length two inches, height one and a half inches. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Allied to C. equorea, nobis, (C. hydii Wea) but is a much larger spe- cies, with more regular sulci. Itis not uncommon at Claiborne, and I could readily distinguish it from C. @guorea in every stage of growth. I give it the name of my friend, Dr. S. G. Morton, through whose kind as- sistance I was enabled to visit the most remarkable tertiary deposits in the southern states. There is, to be sure, a somewhat superficial resemblance to be noticed between this form and eguorea, but it appears to us that there is no close real relationship between the two; in fact they would seem to belong to two quite distinct stocks of the genus. JZortont is much larger, more elliptical in outline, less cuneiform, thinner, and with a more arching ligamental margin and much more perfect, or even, surface undulations. Itisa flattened-out ferovata with the lines, shown peripherally in that species, drawn over the whole surface. Type.—Phila Acad. (Wortonit card contains also perovata and P. var. aldrichi.) Florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. TAO a5, BULLETIN 31 I40 Meretrix equorea Con., Pl. 44. Figs. 3-6. Cytherea equorea Con., Foss. Shells &c., Aug., 1833, p. 36, (See Harris’ Reprint, pl. 20, fig. 5. C. hydit Lea, Cont. to Geol., Dec., 1833, p. 66, pl. 2, fig. 42. Dione cequorea Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 6. C. @quorea de Greg., in part, Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 216. Conrad’s original description.—Shell subovate, inequilateral, com- pressed, with regular, distinct concentric sulci; lunule cordiform, two car- dinal teeth in the right valve, parallel and approximate. Length 13 in- ches. Breadth 1¥ inch. Perhaps it is the variability of strength in the lirations that characterizes this species most markedly. When young the lirze may be more or less regular for atime and suggest a relation- ship with mortonz, but the form of the shell is more ovate and less elliptical. When seen from above (pl. 44, fig. 4) this shell appears to have its sides more or less parallel for some dis- tance. This is by all odds the most abundant species of the genus at Claiborne ; pevovata is moderately abundant, but most of the other forms are rare. We have found nothing in the St. Maur- ice beds corresponding to this in the Gulf states. Type.—Phila. Acad. Fforizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. . Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Meretrix macheani, n. sp., Pl, 44. (Figs..3,)/0: Specific characterization.—Size and general appearance shown by fig. 8; substance of the shell rather thick ; concentric lira- tions well-defined and smooth ; neither escutcheon nor lunule sharply defined ; pallial sinus V-shaped ; anterior lateral tooth large and strong. Dimensions of right valve: 21 x 12 x 5.5 mm. This is but distantly related to any other Cytheroid shell known to the writer from the Kocene of America. In many re- spects it approaches Pfaria, s. s. as defined by Dall. r4r St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 141 The Zyfe specimen (an only one known) is from McBean Creek, Burke Co., Ga., and is in the U.S. Nat. Mus. at Wash- ington. D. C. Nuttali stock This common Cytheroid type of shell was well developed in- to various specific forms in the Midway Eocene. But as the material from that horizon is often not well preserved, the species have not been well defined. Though the umbonal regions of the representatives may be smooth and shining, there isa tendency to develop corruga- tions and incised lines basally and anteriorly. The pallial sinus is V-shaped, though often more or less blunted. Nuttalliopsts with several varieties occurs in the upper Sabine of the Gulf states and is represented by ovata with var. pyga &c in the Virginia Basin. The vastly extended St. Maurice stage brings out a number of nuttali-like forms ; in the Claiborne they reach their maxi- mum in size and differentiation while in the Jackson some se- curtformis varieties become almost indistinguishable from zz/tad- liopsis of the Sabine. More specifically : While ova¢a in the Virginia basin gives way to lictata, lenis and pyga, nuttalliopsis seems to be followed inthe Gulf states by ¢exacola and its relatives. A moderate- sized shell of this species is shown on pl. 44 as fig. 12; and 12a shows a smaller specimen, in outline, viewed from above. Note the broad development of the umbones and the extent of anterior when compared with zztfalliopsis. Auspicious surroundings sometimes seem to have given rise to larger specimens in Texas (fig.13) while less favored individualsshow atavistic and special- ized development (pl. 45, figs. 1, 2,3). The extreme pozl- sont type was already extant in the eastern St. Maurice stage, likewise forerunners of zwffa/z; but it was in the Claiborne where these forms attained their most perfect development. Cor- nelli seems to be a less inflated, more Dosznza-like and larger form of this same general stock. I have found it only at Clai- 142 BULLETIN 31 142 borne. One valve isin the U. S. Nat. Museum. The type and the one herewith figured are at Cornell. In the Jackson stage securvtformis typically is decidediy dis- tinct from zudtfalz, but many are the forms of this species at Montgomery, La., scarcely distinguishable from varieties of fex- acola and nuttalliopsis. Aequorea is by far the most abundant at Claiborne. It may be distantly related to the perovata stock. Percrassa, though thick umbonally, probably belongs with ¢rigoniata. : “ee be eee Meretrix texacola Harris, Pl. 44, Figs., 13-15. Pl. 45, Figs. 1-3 M. texacola Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 50, pl. 2, fig. 5 flarris’s original description.—Size and general form as indicated by the figures ; surface generally smooth about the umbones, but often more or less corrugated concentrically towards the base, especially posteriorly ; lunule in the larger specimens very indistinct, in ue smaller forms bor- dered by a well incised line. The surface markings somewhat resemble those of C. muttalliopsts Heilp., but the anterior and posterior are too pointed, the shell in general too inflated, and the umbonal angle too great for that species. The larger specimens resemble JZ. californica Con. Occasional specimens of medium size, referable to this spe- cies, seem to practically connect such nearly related forms as nuttalliopsis, nuttali, and varieties of securiformis ; hence, in a sense, most of these designations might be regarded as varietal. In Texas, we formerly designated the smaller, longer forms (pl. 45, figs. 2, 3), asvar. dornadonis. Another Texan form simu- lating in type of exterior marking the mortonz of Conrad is shown by fig. 1. Itseems however to be simply a sport from the ¢exacola stock. Type.—Texas Museum. Horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—P\. 44, figs. 13, 14, Tex. Mus. Fig. 12, Lisbon, Ala., C. U. Pal. Mus. Pl. 45, figs. 1-3, Texas State Mus. Localities.—Texas: Rio Grande at Webb-Zapata county line ; Smithville, Bastrop Co.; 2 miles E, of Alto, Cherokee ; 143 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 143 Mosley’s Ferry, Brazos Co. ; Cedar Cr., Robertson Co. ; Alum Bluff, Trinity River ; Hurricane Bayou, Houston Co. ; Collier’s Ferry, Brazos River, Burleson Co. ; Louisiana : Three miles S. E. of Negreet ; Simpkins’ Place; Clear Lake ; Marble Quarry. Mississippi : Wautubbee. Alabama: Hamilton Bluff, Lisbon, base of Claiborne. South Carolina : Center Hill. North Carolina: Rocky Landing, Neuse River. Var. m2¢-_ tali, 16-17 miles above Newbern, Neuse River, Exp’d. ’98. Meretrix nuttali Conrad, Pl. 45, Figs. 4, (5-8 vars.) oF Cytherea Nuttali Con. Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. §, 1834 p. 149. Dione nuttali Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 6. Conrad’s original description.—Shell subcordate, ventricose, with crowded, elevated acute concentric lines on the inferior portion, obsolete above; beaks prominent; lunule cordate, merely defined by an obscure im- pressed line; cavity of the umbo capacious. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. This species resembles C. Poulsoni, nobis, (C. globosa Lea) but differs in its striae and in the beaks which are notso greatly curved forwards. It is smaller than the Poulsont. Pl. 19, fig. 1 of Harris’ Reprint of Conrad’s Fossil Shells was doubtless taken from the type specimen of mz/ta/inow in the Phila. Acad. collection, though that isa right valve while Conrad’s illustration represents both, especially the left. The specimen as illustrated is somewhat emarginate or truncate antero-basally, while our specimens are more regularly ovate, with more pointed pasterior. The lunule is exceedingly indistinctly marked off from the main surface of the valve in this species. Several of our specimens are much larger (50-65 mm.) than Conrad’s type, (43 mm.) in fact his specimen was dwarfish and somewhat pe- culiar. The sharply incised concentric lines, especially basally are very noticeable in this species. Type.—Phila. Acad. Horizon.—Claiborne and St. Maurice (var. forms). Specimens figured.—Claiborne ; in C. U. Museum. PAA. BULLETIN 31 I44 Localities.—Claiborne, Ala. Neuse River, N.C. ? Meretrix cornelli Harris, Pl. 46, Figs. 1-2 MM. cornelli Harris. These Bulletins, vol. 1, 1895, p. 49, pl. I, fig. 5. For original characterization, see the Bulletin referred to above. Of this largeand almost Doszzza-like species three spec- imens are known to the writer, onein the U.S. Nat. Museum, collected by L. C. Johnson, and two now at Cornell, including the type, collected by Harris. All specimens are from the Claiborne ‘ ‘sand.’’ Meretrix poulsoni Conrad, Pl. 46, Figs. 3-5 Cytherea poulsoni Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Aug., 1833, p. 36. Dione poulsoni Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865. p. 6. Cytherea poulsoni de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 216, pl. 34, figs. II-13. -Conrad’s original description.—Shell ventricose, cordate, with fine concentric striz ; beaks prominent, curved towards the lunule, which is heart-shaped: cavity of the beaks very deep. Diameter about two inches, the length and breadth being nearly equal. The beaks are not unlike those of /socurdia, and the shell resembles C. Sayana, (nobis) but the latter wants the concentric striz. I dedicate this shell to my kind friend, Mr. Charles A. Poulson. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. This species represents the limiting form of the zuttalz stock so far as deepening and shortening up of the valves is concerned. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Horizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities.—Claiborne, Ala. Certain deep valves from the calcareous sandstones about Newbern, N.C. and Shell Bluff, Ga,. seem to belong to species close to poulsonz. Meretrix ? vespertina Conrad, . Pl. 46. Fig. 6. Venus vespertina Con., U. S. Mex. Bdy. Surv. Rep., 1857, pt. 2, p. 162, pl. 19, figs. 5,5 a. Conrad’s original description.—Subtriangular, inequilateral, convex ; 145 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 145 length and height equal; buccal end acutely rounded ; anal end more ob- tuse ; summit prominent. A small Eocene species, with the external surface somewhat worn. It appears to have had concentric lines. Locality.—Western Texas. Nothing in our collection has thus far appeared which could be referred to this small species. | Conrad omits it in his Catalogue of Eocene ‘T'estacea etc., and Heilprin has overlooked it in his ‘‘Eocene Mollusca of the State of Texas’’. The type specimen, which should be in the collection of the U.S. Nat. Mus., is mislaid or lost. The figure herewith given is after Conrad. Trigontata stock From the Midway rifleyana up through the Jackson stage there have appeared representatives of this stock, showing pretty generally a tendency toward a triangular outline, fine and sharp- ly incised growth-lines and a long and comparatively narrow lunule (though the specimens are sometimes very much inflated. ) Perhaps the most characteristic feature of this stock is the tendency to show indications of radiate markings and marginal crenulation. The former are often indistinctly shown on the anterior portion of typical ¢#7¢gontata from Claiborne, while sug- gestions of marginal crenulation along the anterior basal margin are notrare. These features seem to be rather characteristic of the thicker, perhaps diseased forms. Hatchetigbeensis is unusually circular in outline and the growth-lines tend to concentration, or marginal corrugations. In the St. Maurice beds there are various close approaches toward typical trigondata. The bastropensis of our old MS Texas report is somewhat more circular. While in winnenszs the out- line is roughly triangular, the surface seems usually to show signs of radiating threads, fine marginal crenulations and less even sculpturing concentrically. A variety of this, in which no radii have been seen is excessively globose with microscopic con- centric lines on the umbones but with wave-like undulations be- 146 BULLETIN 31 146 low. It is moreover less triangular than typical wzmnensis. In the Conradian collection at the Phila. Academy there are two trigontata-like specimens, very thick, with peripheral rugosities, which are probably the ones figured in Harris’ Reprint of Con- rad’s work, pl. 20, fig. 6 and labelled ‘‘swdécrassa Lea’’. ‘These appear to be the true ‘‘d7zscozdalis’’ of Conrad. Typical ¢igontata is not very common in the Claiborne sand, but in certain Jacksonian beds in Arkansas is rather abund- ant, generally the only member of the genus present. Meretrix trigoniata Lea, Plo 47q, “Pigs dese Cytherea trigoniata Tea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 67, pl. 2, fig. 44. Dione discoidalis Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 6 (not C. dis- coidalis Con. Foss. Sh. &c.) Cytherea trigoniata de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 218, pl. 34, figs. “15-22. Lea’s original description.—Shell somewhat inflated, triangular, concentrically and minutely striate, substance of the shell rather thick ; beaks moderately elevated and recurved; lunule long, elliptical; teeth moderately large, excavation of the palleal impression deep and rounded ; cavity of the shell deep, subangular ; margin entire. Diam. .6, Length .9, Breadth 1.1, of an inch. In outline the ¢vigoniata resembles closely the swbcrassa. It is, how- ever, less thick in the substance of the shell, has much finer striz, and is entirely without crenulations on the margin. We strongly suspect that Conrad’s name d7zscozdalis has be- come attached to this species because of his and others’ state- ments making the two synonymous. lLea’s figure is what has been at the bottom of the determination of the species. Conrad’s description of dzscotdalis does not tally well with this form. (See Foss. Shells Tert. Form., Aug. 1833. p. 37). Such expressions as ‘‘suborbicular’’, ‘‘Inner margin crenulated; lunule cordate, not very distinct, Diameter 1 inch.’’ and the name itself, disc-like: seem to suggest quite a different form. In fact fig. 6 of the proof plate 20, incorporated by Harris in his re- print of Conrad’s Fossil Shells seems to represent Conrad’s dzs- coidalis. Figure 2 styled azscoidalis should accordingly be la- belled ¢trigoniata Lea. 147. St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 147 De Gregorio pointed out the impropriety of using the name discoidalis for this shell and the lack of agreement of Conrad’s description with the ¢vigonzata of Lea. This is a middle Eocene species becoming most characteris- tically developed in the Jackson beds of Arkansas. - St. Maurice and Claiborne localities.—Claiborne Bluff, the ‘‘sand bed’’ and the St. Maurice clays at the base of the bluff ; Hamilton Bluff, Ala. ; Ft. Gaines, Ga.; 5 miles N. of Orange- buna. S.C: Meretrlx trigoniata var. winnensis, n. var., Pl. 46, Figs. 9-13. Varietal differentiation.—General form somewhat trigonal and very inflated, as shown by the figures ; surface with concen- tric lines and undulations, stronger near the anterior and basal margins, and with exceedingly fine concentric strize superim- posed ; apparently when slightly eroded, showing radii crossing the lines of growth at right angles, hence turning upwards pos- teriorly (Campfonectes-like) recalling in this region the markings on some species of (irce ; as in ¢rigoniata, a trace of an obsolete channel radiating from beak to base just anterior to the umbonal ridge ; lunule as broad, but shorter than in ¢Zgonzata ; anterior tooth comparatively longer but less pronounced than in ¢rzgonz- ata, pallial sinus not deep, pointed ; lines of growth not so even, regular and deeply incised as in ¢vzgontata; substance of the shell thinner, margin often crenulate ; some forms as in figs. I1, 12 and 13 exceedingly inflated, reminding one of Spherella. In the most inflated forms there is not a trace of radii nor of marginal crenulation but we are inclined to regard this asa minor variation from the typical forms. The outline of this variety is much more triangular than that of hatchitigbeensis, the shell is much thinner and the teeth are different. The globose form, shorter lunule and exterior markings serve to differentiate it from ¢vzgonzata, s. s. The specimens we have, though numerous, areallin the form of casts and impressions in.a red, fine-grained, hard, sandy WAS 2 BULLETIN 31 148 matrix, derived evidently from weathering of glauconitic, sandy clays. ‘The exact locality in Winn Parish, Louisiana, from which the material was obtained is not given but it appears to be exactly the same as we have collected along the St. Maurice road leading past the ‘‘Marble Quarry’’ west of Winnfield. Speci- mens deposited by Harrisin the Pal. Museum, Cornell Univer- sity. Meretrix trigoniata var. bastropensis, nov. var., Pl. 47, Figs. 4-6 Cytherea nuttali Con., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., Geol. and Paleont: 1857, p. 162, pl. 4, fig. 5. N O-? ee exigua Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol, 6, 1871, p. 201, pl. 11, | Gineesn discoidalis Heilp., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1890, A O2. Cae nuttallit Heilp., 167d. ? Mysia ungulina Heilp., zbid. Specific characterization.—General form as figured : possess- ing two aspects according to the kind of matrix in which it is preserve d: ist, when preservedin clay or ferruginous sand.— Substance of shell thin ; small; external surface with beautiful, evenly sculptured concentric striz; lunule large, long, defined by avery faintly impressed line ; somewhat resembling ¢vigon- zata Lea, though too circular in outline (fig. 4). 2d, when pre- served in firm calcareous sandstone.—Shell comparatively larger, thicker, with less plainly marked concentric strie on the um- bones and much coarser lines or rugze near the anterior, basal and posterior margins (fig. 6). This form is very similar to that described by Conrad as Dosinia alta, from Canyada de las Uvas, California. The figure he gives is exceedingly poor and misleading. The type specimen, or that marked as such and broken in the manner illustrated, is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. 3 This species is generally characterized by the broad, circular form of its posterior margin. The form together with the char- acter of the concentric stris or rugze on the larger specimens found along the Rio Grande will serve to differentiate it from trigoniata or nuttalz. In the last mentioned species the ru- 149 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 149 gee are sharp or lamellar, while in dastropenszs they are rounded, or semicylindrical. The pallial sinus deeper than in ¢vigonzata, Type spectmens.—P\. 47, fig. 4, Mus. No. 407, Sta. 37; fig. 6, No. 1721, Sta. 11. Texas State Museum. Now at the Univ. of ‘Texas. Geological horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Localities of form No. z.—Devil*s Eye, Colorado River, Bas- trop Co. ; Smithville, Bastrop Co.; Mosley’s Ferry, Brazos R.., Burl. Co. ; Brazos R., 500 yards below the mouth of Little Bra- zos R., Brazos Co.; Cedar Cr., S. E. corner of Wheelock league, Robertson Co. ; Campbell Cr., Gifford headright, Rob- ertson Co. ; Orrell’s Crossing, Elm Cr., Lee Co. Localities of form No. 2.—Rio Grande, six miles above Starr- Zapata Co. line ; Rio Grande, Mexican side, one mile above the Starr-Zapata Co. line ; Rio Grande, 15 miles below Carrizo ; Rio Grande, 6 miles below Carrizo; Dr. Williams’ quarry, on Rob- ert Stephenson’s headright, Brazos Co. ; Hammett’s Branch, Louisiana. Meretrix subcrassa Lea, Pi AGH Higa a Cytherea subcrassa Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 67, pl. 2, fig. 43. Lea’s original description.—Shell somewhat inflated subtriangular, concentrically striate, thick about the region of the hinge ; substance of the shell thick : beaks thick and elevated; lunule cordate, indistinct ; teeth rather elevated and compressed ; excavation of the pallial impression rather small and roundish; cavity of the shell deep and rounded ; margin crenu- late. Diam........., Length 1.1, Breadth 1.2 of an inch. Observations.—This shell most resembles ¢vigoniata herein described. It is like that shell in outline, but it is thicker, and differs also in having a crenulated margin. We have found nothing among our Claiborne sand collec- tions showing the extreme thickening of the shell matter shown by Lea’sspecimens. But we are inclined to believe that when a large enough series of ¢7igoniata from the ‘‘sand’’ has been col- lected, this so-called species will be found to grade imperceptibly into ¢rvigoniata. Lea evidently did not notice that some ¢vigonz- ata show signs of marginal crenulation. Conrad’s dscozdalzs (pl. SO! 72 BULLETIN 31 I50 46, fig. 8) seems to be an intermediate form. ‘Caryatis exigua’’ Conrad, Pl Ag) See a7 Caryatis exigua Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, 1871, p. 201, pl. 11, fines Conrad’s original description.—Subcordate, short and elevated, ventricose, thin in substance ; summits prominent ; posterior side truncated; lunule cordate ; indistinctly defined. Claiborne. Rare. We are quite at a loss to know what Conrad had in hand while describing and figuring this so-called species. We have not been able to find the typeinthe Academy’s collections and presume it is lost. Meretrix yoakumi Gabb, ‘“? Meretrix yoakum?’ Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 1861, p. 3709. Gabb’s original description.—Shell subquadrate ; beaks prominent, placed one-third of the distance from the anterior extremity, which is reg- ularly rounded, posterior cardinal margin straight. Anal extremity sub- truncated. Surface marked by numerous very regular concentric ribs, which are abrupt on the side towards the beak, and slope concavely on the other side. Crests of the ribsrounded orsubangular. Interspaces a little wider than the ribs. Length, .3 in. ; width, .4 ; height of valve, .o09 in. From a brown, highly ferruginous sandstone (Eocene), Caddo Peak, Texas. Collected by Prof. Yoakum. The specimen being so imbedded that Icould not obtain a view of the hinge, renders the determination of the genus somewhat doubtful; but since it presents the usual appearance of this genus more strongly than of any other, I refer the species provisionally as above. The shallow valve, the abrupt posterior end, and the very distinct ribs ‘about thirty in number on the specimen before me), will serve to separate the species from all the other known species. The type of this species does not seem to be in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and hence it is doubtless lost. The general form is apparently like that of bastropensis, but the number of ribs is obviously far less. The peculiarities in the shape of the ribs are not observable in dastrop- ensis, Gabb, moreover, was not sure of the generic position of his specimen ; it was small, imperfect and unique. Under such I5r — St. MAuRICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA ISI circumstances it seems unwise to attempt torefer the form here described as bastropensts to Gabb’s yoakumt. Clementia mercenaroidea Aldrich, Pl. 47, Figs. 8-11 Dosinia mercenaroidea Ald., Jr. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1887. p. 82 ; and Bull. Am. Pal. vol. 2, ’97, p. 172, pl. 2, fig. Io. Meretrix mercenaroidea Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1234. Aldrich’s original description.—Shell orbicular, moderately com- pressed, concentrically finely striated, nearly smooth upon the umbo. Sub- stance of the shell thin, thickening towards the margins; lunule rather long and narrow, beak curved toward the lunule, small and anterior to the center: hinge line ratherlong. Teeth in left valve rather prominent, erect, central one subtriangular. Ventral margin smooth. Length, 1.4, Breadth 1.15, Thickness .6 of an inch. Locality.—Upper Landing at base of Claiborne Bluff. This species is more rotund than the recent J. concentrica Gmel. and much thicker through the umbones. Only two specimens found. This differs from dastropens7s in form and dentition. Dall has questioned the propriety of referring this species to Dostnia and has suggested that ithasa decidedly Meretrix ap- pearance. So it would seem, but on examining our specimens we find no trace of an anterior lateral tooth and no trace of either lunule or escutcheon. One usually takes fragments of this shell for Meretrix trigontata for the markings are similar, but the shape of the shell and the hinge characters distinguish the two at once. Most Clementias are thinner, with more weakly devel- oped posterior cardinal and with more ascending pallial sinus. But there was a time when this genus was first differentiating from Meretrix-like forms and this species may be the initial re- sult of such a process. Type.—Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. From the base of the bluff just above the ‘‘Upper Landing,’’ Claiborne, Ala. 3 miles W. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. *For illustration of right valve and hinge of left see these Bulletins vol, 2, pl. 2. BS BULLETIN 31 152 Grateloupia (Cytheriopsis ) hydana Conrad, Pl. 47, > Bigs! a2e 13 C. hydana Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., Aug. 1833, p. 36. Harris’ Re- print, pl. 20, fig. 3. Gratelupia moulinsi Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, (Dec.) p. 59, pl. 2, fig. 33- Cytheriopsis hydana Con, Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, pp. 7 and 146 ; vol. 3, 1867, p. 14. Grateloupia moulinst de Greg., Mon, Faun. Koc. Ala., 1890, p. 221, pl. 34, figs. 28-33. Meretrix dalli Cossm., Notes Compl.,-1893, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. g, Io. G. (Cyt.) hydana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1239. Conrad’s original description.—Shell subtriangular, inequilateral ; posterior side slightly channelled ; posterior end cuneiform ; lunule lance- olate, elliptical. I gladly name this fine species in compliment to Mr. William Hyde, one of the most successful and zealous cultivators of American Conchology. Length 2 inches. Breadth 1% inches. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Cab. Acad. N.S. I think Dallis correct in referring Cossmann’s dal/z to the young of Aydana, although it at first seems strange that in the young the posterior should be large and rounded, the anterior acute, while in the adult the reverse is true. However, by examining small specimens and the umbonal parts of larger ones, one is readily convinced that this change takes place during the growth of the shell. Half-grown shells when nearly equally pointed at either end de Gregorio calls var. svmetrica, Type.—Phila. Acad. Coll. florizon.—Claiborne stage. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Gemma sancti-mauricensis, n. sp., Pl. 47, Figs. 14, 15 Specific characterization.—Shell small, somewhat Astarte-like exteriorly as figured ; increments of growth well-defined, rounded, becoming much less conspicuous on the anterior and posterior margins which fall off rather abruptly ; lunule rather long, stri- ate, and defined bya faint channel, not asharply incised line ; 153 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 153 interior porcellanous, giving the shell a slightly thickish appear- ance for sosmall a specimen; anterior adductor scar apparent but not deeply impressed, posterior and pallial sinus excessively faintly defined ; margin faintly crenate anteriorly ; in the right valve (the only one obtained) there is a faint trace of a long pos- terior lateral tooth, but a corresponding anterior channel, if ever present, is entirely eroded away. This single specimen was found among some St. Maurice material marked Sabine River ?, La. Its exact provenance is therefore undetermined at present. At this early date this genus seems not to have developed all the marked characteristics shown later on in the Oligocene and higher beds. The external ligament was very short. As the shelly matter decayed there was aslight pit-like cavity formed just under the beak, reminding one of the more extensive expansion seen under the beak of Dosinia, Dosiniopsis, etc. Marcia retisculpta Meyer, Pl. 47, Figs. 16-19 Venus retisculpta Meyer, Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 84, pl. TiS Sh 27 2 7as Meyer's original description.—Rhombically circular ; convex; cov- ered with broad, flat, and somewhat irregular concentric lines, crossed by similar radiating ones; the sculpture indistinct near the umbo; an im- pressed line separates a long lunule; pallial sinus large ; margin entire. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. The sculpture makes the surface appear as if reticulated with small, rounded holes, especially in worn shells ; the figured specimen shows the complete hinge, otherwise it is not the largest or best sculptured one. The species is beautifully marked with fine pits concen- trically and divaricately arranged. Our two specimens are fig- ured to show the dentition of both valves. This species seems to belong to Cossmann’s section Zextivenus. From the Claiborne sand bed. Petricola ciaibornensis, n. sp, BIS 4S igs ien'2 Specific characterization.—General appearance as figured ; rather small (15 x 8x 3.5 mm.); exterior surface with irregular 154 BULLETIN 31 154 concentric folds and intermittent or discontinuous radial costa- tion most clearly visible anteriorly ; interior with a deep, loop- shaped ascending pallial sinus ; muscular scars large but indis- tinct ; tooth in the left valve (the only specimen known) well- defined, but probably broken. This rare species is known from one specimen only, loaned from the U. S. National Museum Collection. From the Clai- borne sand, Alabama. Trapezium claibornense Dall, Pl. 48, Figs. 3, 4 T. claibornense Dall, Trans. Wag., III, p. 1498, pl. 43, figs. 9, Io. Figure published in 1900, description 1903. Dal’s original description.—Shell small, subquadrate, subcom- pressed, inequilateral, with low, pointed beaks at the anterior third ; anter- ior end rounded and rather attenuated, the posterior broad and subtruncate; disk covered with rather close, rounded concentric ribbing, obsolete on the umbones ; hinge feeble, the teeth imperfectly developed, the cardinals ob- scure and the lateral feeble; the pallial line entire. Length 7.0, height 4.5, diameter 2.0 mm. This shell is evidently young and only the left valve was obtained. It is, however, evidently a 7vapezium and of interest as showing the pres- ence of that genus in the Claiborne sands. Unfortunately the only valve we possess is also the left. Type.—U. 8. Nat. Mus. Horizon.—Claiborne Kocene. Specimen figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Coralliophaga (Oryctomya) claibornensis Dall, Pl..48s ise sia C. (Oryctomya) claibornensis Dall, Nautilus, ’98, vol. 11, p. 135. Also Trans. Wag., vol. III, 1898, p. 920, pl. 34, figs. 16, a. Dall’ s original description.—Shell elongate with oval low beaks, quite an- terior, moderately inflated, somewhat mesially impressed ; surface with in- cremental lines which in senile specimens sometimes becomes lamellose near the posterior end ; radial sculpture of rows of small globular granules easily worn off and almost microscopic ; ends rounded, the posterior broad- er ; hinge teeth delicate, somewhat pedunculateand slender in the adult pallial sinus not extending in front of the posterior adductor scar ; pallial line in senile specimens radially striated. Lon. 36, - alt. 19, diam, 14mm. 155 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 155 Claiborne sand at Claiborne, Ala. Burns. This species is readily recognized by its peculiar surface. It is most surprisingly like that shown for Panopea elongata (Md. Geol. Surv. Eocene, pl. XXXI, fig. 2a. (Harris) So far as we are aware Dall’s type is the only specimen known. It isin the U. S. Nat. Museum. Psammoiia blainvillei Lea, Pl. 48, Fig. 6 Solecurtus Blainvillit Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 39, pl. 1, fig. 7. Psammobia Blainvillet Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 959. Lea’s original description.—Shell trapezoidal, rather compressed, nearly equilateral, transversely and minutely striate, truncate behind ; beaks very small; escutcheon long and deeply impressed; teethtwo, the anterior one large and erect, the posterior small and oblique ; margin en- tire. arrose Length .8, Breadth 1.3, inches. We have seen no other specimen of this species but the type in the Phila. Academy’s Collection, No. 5021. It came from the ‘‘sand bed’’ at Claiborne, Ala. Psammobia filosa Conrad, PLAS shee 7: P. filosa Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1833, p. 42 Gari filosa Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol, 1, 1865, p. 4. P. filosa Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, pp. 976 and 977. Conrad’s original description.—Shell elongate, with concentric acute strige, very prominent on the smaller side, which is narrowed and subangu- lated at the end; beaks not prominent ; anterior dorsal margin straight, and the end obtusely rounded ; basal margin straight. Dall says of this species: P. jilosa Conrad belongs to the section Garum of the typical Psammobias. It is elongate and somewhat arcuate ; the concentric sculpture pretty close and uniform on the disk, but elevated into low, somewhat broken small laminze on the posterior dorsal slope ; the type is forty-two millimetres long and about fifteen millimetres high. The teeth and pallial sinus are as in Garwm. On the same card with Conrad’s typein the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences is another shell thirty-nine millimetres long and seven- teen millimetres high, more equilateral, less arcuate, with a blunter and less decurved posterior end and generally straighter dorsal margin. This is probably a distinct species for which I would propose uke naine of Psam- mobia (Garum) claibornensis. The figure herewith given is from a rough pencil sketch of HS Oy) a BULLETIN 31 156 the type made while visiting the Academy some time ago. We have obtained no specimens of this species nor have we seen any in other collections. Psammobia ekorea Conrad, Pl. 48, Figs. 8-11 P. eborea Con., Foss, Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42. P. (Psammocola) eborea Con. Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, ’65, p. 4. P. eborea Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, pp. 976, 978. Conrad’s original description.—Shell oblong-oval, compressed; pos- terior side longest and obliquely truncated at the end; dorsal margin straight ; beaks slightly prominent. Speaking of the incremental ridges in a lower Kocene form of Psammobia Dall continues: ‘‘The latter often form in P. eborea small, sharp, concentric waves dorsally, but not raised ~ lamineze, asin P. filosa. This is very close to P. ozarkana Har., (these Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 257, pl. 18, fig. 14, pl. 19, fig. 8) but is less elongate &c as there noted. This is by no means so rare as the preceding species. There are several specimens at the Phuadepa Academy and our own collection contains three. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Egerella triangulata Lea, Pl. 48, Figs. 12, 13 Egeria triangulata Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 51, pl. 1, fig. 20. £. Bucklandit, ibid, p. 52, pl. 1, fig. 21. Donax limatula Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42. E.. donacea Con., Amer. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865. p. 146, pl. 11, fig. 12. ?Donax ( Egerella) venertformis var. tiga de Greg., Mon Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 222, pl. 35, figs. 4-9. Lea’s original description.—Shell triangular, inequilateral, smooth, ob- tusely angular before, acutely angular at top, gibbous over the umbo—anter- ior to which it is flattened; substance of the shell rather thin ; posterior and anterior slopes flattened ; beaks elevated, pointed, incurved ; basal margin 157 St. MAURICE“AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 157 emarginate ; cicatrices not perceptible ; cavity of the shell deep in the su- perior part—of the beak deep and angular ; inferior portion of the margin finely crenulate. Dy iarade eee ee Length 1, Breadth 1.2, of an inch. A single valve of this interesting species has come into my possession: It is the left one. Its beautiful form eminently distinguishes it. The ex- terior portion of the valve is not perfect, and characters not observed on this specimen may be, perhaps, found on perfect ones. In Claiborne material there is generally a great number of Egerella, with a very few large specimens. Wehave no inter- mediate forms. Conrad’s thick donacea with slightly incurved anterior dorsal margin may be the young of this ; likewise some of deGregorio’s ¢#iga seem to have the form of the earlier por- tions of ¢rzangulata. Type.—No. 5096, Phila. Acad. Coll. fforizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Egerella subtrigonia Lea. Pl. 48, Figs. 14-16, a . -2 ' Egeria subtrigonia Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 53, ot sty Oheaaia Ie E.. veneriformis Lea, ibid, p. 53, pl. f, fig. 23. Lea’s original description.—Shell subtriangular, somewhat inflated, inequilateral, polished, obtusely angular before and at top; substance of the shell thin; anterior slope furnished with asmall fold ; beaks slightly elevated, pointed ; cicatrices perceptible ; cavity of the shell rather shal- low ; inferior portion of the margin minutely crenulate. Diam. .2, Length, .3, Breadth .5, of an inch. There is a very close resemblance between this and the Bucklandit, — and had there not been so much disparity in the size of the shell and thick- ness of the valve, Ishould not have been disposed to separate them. The valves of three specimens are before me. They are of the same size, and have every appearance of being adults. Regarding veneriformis Lea remarks : This small species has a close resemblance to the last described. It differs chiefly in size and in being more equilateral. It is very common in this stratum. Lea evidently referred all the small specimens at Claiborne to veneriformis, aS he had only from one to three valves of the 5S BULLETIN 31 158 other species. Aside from size, however, it seem that his szbtrz- gonia figure most nearly resembles the prevalent type at this locality. However, we have found a specimen or two herewith figured corresponding more nearly to veneriformis. It is quite possible that even ¢vzangulata and subtrigonia should be united. In the anterior and posterior margins of the right valve there are traces of a channelling for the reception of the thin margin of the opposite valve—a vee of lateral dentition as it were (pl. 48, fig. 16). Type.—No. 5098, Phila. Acad. Coll, florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus.Cornell Univ. Locality,—Claiborne, Ala. Tellina tallicheti Harris, } Pl. 49, Figs. 3-5 T. tallicheti Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, p. 51, pl. 3, fig.1. Farris’ original description.—Size and general form as indicated by the figure ; not twisted posteriorly ; thin ; posterior sub-biangulate ; an- terior rounded ; beak slightly behind the center ; lateral teeth well devel- oped ; posterior cardinal bifid ; pallial sinus and muscular scars of good dimensions though rather dimly marked ; exterior smooth except a few concentric strize on the post-umbonal slope ; umbonal ridge passes from the beak to the postero-basal margin. Locality.—Smithville, Tex. The diagnosis was based on the right valveonly. Fig. 5, pl. 49, shows that in common with vavenelz there is here, in the left valve, a faint but definite radiating channel in the usual po- sition of the ‘‘umbonal ridge’’. There is sometimes a tendency to show a central flattening of the valves—/Psammobia-like—but thus far we have observed no radiating lines. Type.—Paleont. Mus. C. U. Forizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ. Localities.—Smithville, Texas ; Lisbon, Ala. ; 6 miles N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. 159 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 159 Tellina trumani var. australina, n. var., VEIT y Moho Denies, (Byy 2 Specific characterization.—General form more or less ellipti- cal as indicated by the figures ; surface marked by fine, rather sharply raised concentric lines ; umbonal ridge marked by a low fold extending from the beak to the posterio-basal margin, caus- ing an emargination in the outline ; beaks not prominent ; den- tition rather weak, but of normal elements. For description and illustrations of 7: trumanz see these Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 265, pls. 18 and 20. This isof the same stock as Zadlichetz, and the left valve (fig. 5) from Lisbon, Ala., isina way intermediate between these two species, though more of the form of ¢ad/ichetiz. Notice that on that specimen the place (in the left valve) showing a radi- ating shallow furrow corresponds to the ridge already mentioned in the right valve of the species here under discussion. We have only the type, the right valve, fromthe red clay beds of the Orangeburg District, S.C. Now in the Paleontolog- ical Museum at Cornell Univ. Tellina papyria Conrad, Pl. 49, Figs. 7-11 T. papyria Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41. T: papyria Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 399, pl. 4, fig. 7. T. mooreana Gabb, Jr. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, 1860, p. 387, pl. G72 502 he) T. (Peronidia ?) papyria plus mooreana Dall, Trans. Wag. III, 1900, p- Io0r5. Conrad’s original description.—Shell elliptical, equilateral, much compressed ; extremely thin and fragile, with regular concentric impressed ‘striz, most distinct on the anterior side; posterior extremity angulated ; lunule linear, impressed ; beaks not prominent ; apex acute ; cardinal teeth prominent ; lateral teeth none. The twisting of the posterior, causing the left valve to be deeper than the right might well have been mentioned by Con- rad. So far as the equivalency of 7. papyria and mooreana is con- LOO BULLETIN 31 160 cerned, both Conrad’s and Gabb’s descriptions and figures leave much to be desired, especially Gabb’s. His description is simply : ‘‘Wide, flattened, nearly equilateral ; beaks small, inclined in- ternally ; hinge line in advance of the beaks straight ; posterior slightly curved ; surface smooth or covered only by obsolete lines of growth. Length .5 in., width .9 in., thickness .2 in. Caldwell Co., one specimen in my collection.’ Gabb’s type is in the Academy’s collection and from it we were enable to identify fig. 10 of pl. 49. _—_‘It is just possible that Gabb’s mooreana when full-grown may be the aa: of the much heavier types along the Rio Grande. The more typical fapyria are found at the base of the Clai- borne bluff, though occurring in casts in considerable abundance in the greenish white, hard clays 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C. Type.—Conrad Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Base of Bluff, Claiborne. Now in Pal. Museum, C. U. Localities.—The so-called mooreana : Mosley’s Ferry, Cedar ; Little Brazos River, Cherokee Co. ; Gonzales Co., Texas. The more typical papyria- AVaeebee Miss. ; Haren Bluff, Lisbon, base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala.; 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C. Tellina aldrichi Dall, Pl. 49, Fig. 12 T. (Merella?)} aldrichi Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1017, pl. 46, fig. 9. Dall’s original description.—Shell large for a A/erella, elongate, with very slight dorsal slopes, rounded in front, arcuate below, and bluntly pointed behind ; beaks incurved, pointed, not prominent, posterior end hardly folded ; surface smooth, with obsolete concentric undulations and rare radial striulations ; lunular region deeply impressed ; hinge normal. Lon. 20, alt. 10, semidiam. 2.5 mim. A single left valve, with the interior inaccessible except the hinge, was sent by Mr. Aldrich with specimens of the 7. papyria, from which it dif- 161 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 161 fers by its elongated slender form, smaller size, and less convex valves. Better specimens from Bell’s Landing show a nearly normal hinge with long, low laterals, and an ovate pallial sinus about half confluent below. Itis perhaps nearest to 7. gveggi Harris, but that species seems to be smaller, more rounded behind, with the pallial sinus free from the pallial line below. Eocene of Lisbon, Ala.—Aldrich. Also at Bell’s and Gregg’s Land- ings, Ala. Not having any specimens of this species it is dificult to de- termine its relationship to the species before described. In out- line and horizon it suggests at once 7. swbeqgualis Con., described from a cast from the Orangeburg District, S. C. (Proc, Phila. Acad Naty) Sch 1847, p. 268.) Jour. ec) vol ira 184 s.iple wae fig. 8). However, judging from our Orangeburg material, Conrad’s subegalis was most probably the internal mold of a spec- imen of 7. papyria. Teliina cynoglossula, n. sp., Pl. 49, Figs. 15, 16 Specific characterization.—General appearance rather long, narrow, sharply striated and sub-biangulate posteriorly as illus- trated ; striz tending on the earlier portions of the shell to be- come fewer and stronger on anterior and posterior areas, espec- ially from the ;umbonal ridge posteriorly ; posterior angulations matked within by low radii (see fig. 16); within, shining, show- ing pallial sinus but obscurely. It seems that here we have the continuation of the Sabine cynoglossa stock into the Mid-Eocene of the Gulf Coast. 7. dinz- fera of the Jackson is more pointed. Sofar as outline is con- cerned this would seem to be not far from 7. (Merella ?) aldrichi of Dall, but the surface features are very different. Average specimens, about 20 mm. in length have the appearance of those figured ; larger ones, about 30 mm. in length, show an umbonal ridge of a definite width, marked off from the posterior slope by a depressed radiating furrow. In the compact, sandy clay-rock about Ft. Gaines, belong- ing to the St. Maurice stage, there are numerous impressions of Tellinas of various shapes and sizes presumably belonging to 12 |): BULLETIN 31 162 known species, yet difficult of definite determination. The spec- imens herewith shown (figs. 13, 14) seem to be very much like cynoglossula. Types.—U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Florizon.—Claiborne Kocene. Speci mens figured.—U. S. Nat. Mus. Locality.— Gopher Hill, Wash. Co., Ala. Tellina (Angulus) prolenta Aldrich, VEAP Mate) | Jeliier, 107 For Aldrich’s original description, see these Bulletins, vol. Bae as mole mnie SY This author seems to have gotten the ends of the shell re- versed in his description. We have no specimen of thisspecies. Aldrich’s type in the Aldrich Collection (Johns Hopkins Univ.?) Tellina (Angulus) entznia Dall, Pl! 5o.gbnens T. (Angulus) entenia Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1016, pl. 46, fig. 2. Dall’s original description.—Shell small, rather compressed, solid, elongate, very inequilateral ; beaks low, surface polished, sculptured with faint, little elevated, somewhat irregular concentric lines, which at about the posterior third become suddenly stronger and more prominent, and on the posterior dorsal slope become about half as numerous, somewhat irreg- ular, and still more elevated ; hinge normal, nymph for the ligament short and prominent ; pallial sinus short, rounded in front, reaching a little be- fore the middle of the valve and below about half confluent with the pallial line ; a faint ray behind the anterioradductor scar. Long. 9, alt. 4, semidi- ameter, 0.8 mm. Nothing like this interesting little shell has been described from this horizon. Two left valves were obtained. The prominence of the nymph is a general characteristic of the subgenus Angulus, though I note in several European publications this featuredoes not appear to be understood, and there has been a tendency to refer such forms to Psammobia, apparently on this character alone. Eocene of the Claiborne sands at Claiborne, Ala. N. var. equator, Pl. 50, Fig. 1 Larger than the typical form, with nearly equal posterior 163 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 163 and anterior parts ; ligament more elongated ; beak more nearly erect, From the Claiborne sand, Claiborne, Ala. Now in the Pal- eontological Museum at Cornell. Tellina (Angulus) subplana d’Orb., Pie Sow bie. 3 Egeria plana ea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 54, pl.1, fig. 24 (not ‘‘25’’). T. subplana d’Orb., 1850, Prod. Ct. 25, No. 784. Tellina plana Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., 1846, vol, 1, p. 400, pl. 4, fig. 6- TI. (Angulus) plana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1016. Lea’s original description.—Shell scaleniform, very compressed, transverse, very inequilateral, smooth and shining, furnished with two lamellar lateral teeth ; substance of the shell very thin ; beaks very small and pointed ; cavity of the shell extremely shallow ; margin entire. Diam. nearly .1, Length .2, Breadth 7-20ths, of an inch. Observations.—Differs from the ovalis, which it most resembles, in being smooth, more compressed and more angular. In No. 1 of this series of Bulletins (95) I called attention to the fact that Lea’s ‘“‘Fig 24’’ and ‘‘Fig. 25’’ had been inter- changed. Dall has followed this correction, but has failed to note that Gregorio used the species still changed about, as it were. ‘‘Donax plana’’ of Gregorio is therefore a synonym of 7. leana Dall (ovalis Lea), and not 7. plana as Dall states (op. cit. ps Tero): Cossmann regards ovalis and plana as synonyms. See footnote p. 9, Notes Complement. &c, 1893. Type.—No. 5139, Lea Coll., Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimen figured.—Copy of Lea’s figure of type. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Tellina leana Dall, Pl. 50, Figs. 4-6 Figeria ovalis Yea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 54, pl. 1, fig. 25(not “‘24’’). Tellina (Feroneoderma) ovalis Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, Pp. 5- Donax plana de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 221, pl. 35, nO4) |) BULLETIN 31 164 figs. I-3. Tellina (Merella) leana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. Io15 (not 7. ovalis Sow., 1825). Lea’s original description.—Shell transversely elliptical, compressed, very inequilateral, furnished with two lamellar lateral teeth, covered with minute concentric striz, which, terminating atthe anterior slope, are re- placed by larger ones which there interlock , substance of the shell very thin ; beaks small and pointed ; cavity of the shell very shallow : margin entire. Diam. sit, Length .2, Breadth .4, of an inch. Type.—No. 5135, Lea Coll., Phila. Acad. fTorizon.—Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. and Texas State Museum. Localities.—Claiborne sand and base of bluff, Claiborne, Ala. Var. yeguana, n. var., PY 5, ees About one-half the dimension of the typical form ; some- what broader proportionally with a more decurved basal margin ; lines very fine, but of the character of Jeana. W. Yegua Cr., Tex. Var. sabotica, n. var., Pl. 50, Figs. 8, 9 Specimens from Keitt’s Ravine, S. C., in the U.S. National Museum illustrated herewith, are exceptionally abbreviated pos- teriorly and pointed anteriorly. Var. pregravis, n. var., Pl. 50, Figs. 10-12 Specimens associated with those mentioned just above, but of much broader outline and thicker, heavier shell. Tellina cossmanni Dall, Pl. 50, Figs. 13-16 T. nitens de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 223, pl. 35, figs. 13-16. T. nitens Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 8. T. cossmanni Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 997. 165 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 165 De Gregorio gave the figures herewith copied and afew re- marks regarding this form in his famous essay on the Claiborne, in 1890. He states definitely that although Conrad had re- ferred it to dévaand Scrobicularia and it resembles the Semele alba of Wood, ‘‘il n’y a pas la petite pouche caractéristique de la charniére.’’ Cossmann finds this species remarkably close in general ap- pearance to ‘‘Syzdesmya tellinula’’ (Abra nitens) yet this isa Tellina. Dall states that the true zzfens of Lea is an Adra, hence this, Tellinoid representative is without name ; therefore he suggests 7. cossmannt. Dall bases his species on de Gregorio’s figures and remarks as well as the statements of Cossmann. He says: A small species of Zed/ina of almost identical form [as A. nilens] is figured by de Gregorio under this name (pl. 35, figs. 13-16) and Cossmann has supposed that this might have been JTea’s species. Lea’s specimens however, are of the 4éra, and the 7e//ina, requiring a new name, might be called 7. cossmanni, Gregorio’s figures erroneously represent the pallial line as entire. So far as we are aware there are no specimens of this species in American museums. The types must be regarded as the specimens figured by Gregorio. ‘They are doubtless in his private cabinet. Tellina cherokeensis, n. sp., Pl. 50, Figs. 19, 20 Specific characterization.—Broad and of medium size as fig- ured ; with sharply-defined concentric striation over the whole surface, though becoming somewhat coarser basally ; beaks pointed, alittle posterior from the middle ; lunule and escutcheon narrow and deeply impressed ; posterior deflected to the right as viewed from the rear ; left valve with a fairly well defined, but low, umbonal ridge, anterior to which is a slight radiating, broad depression and posterior to which isa narrower radiating de- pression midway of the post-umbonal slope ; right valve with more pronounced umbonal ridge and steeper, somewhat broader post-umbonal slope. . Specimens do not show the interior to any great extent but HOG. BULLETIN 31 166 it is evident that the pallial sinus is very deep and confluent with the line below. Between the concentric strize there is often a faint trace of fine radiating threads. In general outlinethis species is some- what like spzl/mani Dall (albaria Con.), but that is a smoother, thinner, less pointed shell posteriorly. This may have had cyno- glossa Dall as a remote ancestor. Types.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. - Specimens figured—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality. W . H.. Berryman’s place, 11 miles from Rusk and 2.5 from Linwood, Cherokee Co., Tex. Collected by A. C. Veatch. Macoma scandula Conrad, Pl. 50, Figs. 17, 18 T. scandula Con., Jr. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 7, 1834, p. 132. T. scandula Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 4oo, pl. 4, fig. 8. Macoma scandula Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1016. Conrad’s best description (Amer. Jour, Sci.)—Ovate, much com- pressed ; anterior margin rounded; ligament margin very oblique, slightly curved ; fold near the posterior margin, angulated, subcarinated ; basal margin rounded ; beaks scarcely prominent above the hinge line, sub- medial, nearest the anterior end. Claiborne, Alabama. I only found one valve, a right one, and this is imperfect ; the cardi- nal plate is broad and thick, with two diverging compressed teeth, and no lateral teeth. The substance of the shell is moderately thick. 4 We have reproduced Conrad’s restoration of this species to- gether with a sketch of our own taken from the type specimen in the Academy’s collection. We naturally presume that Conrad’s specimen came from the ‘‘Sand Bed’’, but it may have come from the St. Maurice be- low. We have found nothing similar in our collections from this locality. That there are many ‘Tellinoid forms in the St- Maurice beds, especially in the so-called Buhrstone, is shown by numerous imprints as at Ft. Gaines and Hamilton Bluff. Some forms from these localities are shown on Pls. 49, 50. Itis difficult however, to identify these casts and impressions specifically. 167 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 167 Tellina alta Conrad, Plii5o0.) -Fig: 22 T. alta Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41. T. alta Con., Amer, Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 399, pl. 4, fig. Io. T. (Arcopagia) alta Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5. T. (Arcopagia) alta Dall, Trans. Wag. III, 1900, p. 1015. Conrad’s original description,—Shell suborbicular or suboval, equi- lateral, convex, with prominent, acute, concentric strie, and concave inter- vening spaces, and with minute radiating lines, lunule small; lanceolate slightly impressed ; cardinal teeth and anterior lateral tooth compressed and prominent : posterior lateral tooth small but distinct. In the Journal of 1846, cited above, Conrad modifies his de- scription somewhat as follows : Suborbicular, inequivalved, in- equilataral, with lamelliform concentric lines, not closely ar- ranged, and minute closely arranged radiating wrinkles ; poster- ior side obtusely folded, the inferior margin truncated obliquely inwards ; lateral teeth distinct, the posterior one very short, pyramidal, remote. In this species one valve is considerably more convex than the other, andthe anterior muscular impression is rather deeply impressed, and bounded on the inner side by a broad rib-like el- evation, which extends to the apex. The specimens at the Academy, presumably the types of this species, are much more coarsely striate than is vavenelz, and are more circularin outline. Whether, however, they are mere ex- treme variations of the latter from the St. Maurice beds at the base of the bluff or are really representatives of another species from the ‘‘sand’’ above, weare not able to state at present. None of our specimens appear to be clearly referable to this species. Tellina raveneli Conrad, Pl. 51, Figs. 1-5 T. ravenelt Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 400. T. (Arcopagia) raveneli Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5. T. (Arcopagia) raveneli Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1016. Conrad’s original description.—Suboval, inequilateral, moderately thick, with very fine regular concentric linesand with brown bands; anter- jor margin obliquely truncate above ; posterior side obtusely folded ; beaks HOS) BULLETIN 31 168 a little prominent ; lateral teeth large and prominent, compressed ; area above the anterior lateral tooth dilated. Of this species I have only an imperfect right valve. Its most re- markable character is the somewhat angulated form of the anterior dorsal margin, Claiborne, Ala. Though Conrard refers toapl. 5, fig. 1in his original diagnos- is, it seems never to have been printed. Still, as Dall says, the spe- cies is easily determinable. It occurs in considerable abundance in the St. Maurice Eocene at the base of the Upper Bluff at Clai- borne, but varies extensively in outline from nearly circular with but a slight flexion of the posterior to more elongately elliptical forms assuming an astonishing similarity in outline to Semele linosa. Inthe higher, older specimens the angle on the anterior dorsal margin, followed below by an oblique truncation seem to be quite characteristic. Some specimens show considerable peri- pheral areas of well marked concentric lines, though the umbon- al regions (as is also the case with /zzosa) are nearly smooth. Inexamining the types at the Philadelphia Academy it ap- pears that although there is sometimes an outward resemblance between 7. vaveneli and S. linosa, the former has stronger lat- eral teeth but a less extended pallial sinus. There are now three specimens in the Conradian collection. The single one labelled 7Zellina (Arcopagia) alta seems to be Conrad’s type of vavenelz. ‘Thetwo specimensin still another tray labelled 7. alta are probably the types of that species. They are more striate, less plicate and showa very deep pallial sinus, However, since vaveneli shows such wide variations it is quite possible that a/ta should be included asamere variety. These forms seem to be derived from ¢rumanz. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. fTorizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; in Pal- eont. Museum, C. U. Localities.—Base of Claiborne Bluff, Lisbon, Ala. ; Orange- burg District, S. C. : 169 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 169 Macoma sillimani Conrad, i Ply 5m) ))) FigsJ Gy 7 Tellina sillimani Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 399, pl. 4, Th Ge ?) sillimani Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1016. Conraa’s original description.—Subtriangular, compressed, thin ; left valve with a prominent, acute fold over the umbonial slope, which is straight ; posterior side shorter than the anterior ; the dorsal line straight and oblique ; the end margin obliquely truncated, and the extremity trun- cated ; surface marked with brown concentric bands ; valve contracted widely from beak to base between the middle and the umbonial slope. Claiborne, Alabama. Very rare. We illustrate herewith a specimen that seems to be fairly close to Conrad’s type. But the contraction Conrad speaks of between the middle and the umbonal ridge isa very variable fea- ture. Most specimens are without it. This particular specimen is unusually contracted. The specimens without the contrac- tion seem to be very close to eburneopsis from the Jacksonian. The umbonal slope is thus characterized: (1st) on the umbonal ridge (right valve) there is an obscurely raised radiating ridge, (2) just behind this an obscure radiating channel, (3) from here to the posterior edge of the valve the area is undifferentiated. In the left valve the position of the fold and channel is reversed. The posterior of the whole shell is bent somewhat to the right. The brown bands are broad and conspicuous. So far we have observed no lateral teeth. Type.—Phila. Acad. florizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimen figured.—Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Macoma danai, nu. sp., VERE Eee) enters She Specific characterization.—Shell more or less circular and ro- bust as illustrated ; more capacious than sz//zmanz, umbonal slope with a radiating fold crossed diagonally by lines of growth, be- hind which the post-umbonal slope area abruptly faults down, but gradually rises again to the posterior margin ; dentition as in szllzmanz ; pallialline and sinus confluent below, without the sharply upraised sub-sinus just beneath the umbo shown in szd/z- 170 BULLETIN 31 170 mant. Dimensions of each valve : 52 x 43 x 12 mm. Type.—Paleont. Mus. C. U. fforizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimen figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, Ala. Semele linosa Conrad, Pl. 52, Figs. 1-3 Amphidesma linosa Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42. A. linosa Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., 1846, vol, 1, p. 397, pl. 4, fig. 2. Semele linosa Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 5. A. linosa Harris, Reprint. Conrad &c, 1893, pl. 19, fig. 13. S. linosa Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 986. Conrad’s best characterization (Amer. Jour. Sci. ).—Ovate, plano-con- vex with fine regular, concentric prominent lines ; right valve with a some- what prominent obtuse fold over the umbonial slope, the base of which is emarginate ; posterior side short ; extremity subtruncated or very obtusely rounded, direct ; beaks slightly prominent ; fosset produced, elliptical. Claiborne, Alabama. I have only two valves of this species, which much resemblea 7e//- ina exteriorly. The pallial sinus is very profound. In the right valve are two diverging compressed cardinal teeth, and the lateral teeth are very dis- tinct. This occurs in the St. Maurice beds at the base of Claiborne cliff and at Lisbon in connection with 7el/ina raveneli, some spec- imens of which it resembles very closely. This is especially the case when the latter become elongate and show considerable areas with strongly raised, concentric lines. However, if one can get at the hinge structure there need be no doubt asto which of these two species a specimen should be referred. Most modern Semeles have much more broadly developed and shorter internal ligament than does this species. Again the external ligament is unusually long in this species. Type.—Conradian Coll., Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. The specimens here used are all from the base of the Clai- borne bluff, in St. Maurice deposits, and are now deposited in the Paleontological Museum at Cornell. Smaller, more finely striate specimens are in our collections 171 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA iit from the Orangeburg District, S. C., and Ft. Gaines, Ga. It occurs in the Jackson at Montgomery, Ala. Semele linosa, var. claibornensis, n. var., Pl. 52, Figs. 4, a Semele profunda Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 986. Dall’s speci- men, but not Conrad’s figure. This little specimen, (8.5 x 6.4 v 1.5 mm) labelled ‘\S. pro- junda ?’’ seems to be a weak, senile representative of the well characterized /zzosa of the St. Maurice stage. Its concentric lines are evident anterio-basally but seem never to have been well developed posteriorly. The specimen figured, the only one known, is from the Clai- borne sand, Claiborne, Ala., and was borrowed for figuring from the National Museum, No. 129,548. Semele linosa, var., Pl. 52, fig. 5, a Specimen from Keitt’s Ravine. S. C., having a broad, Abra- like aspect. U.S. Nat. Museum specimen. Semele linosa, var., Bie 525 Fg 6 Specimen 6.5 mm. in length, having something of the as- pects of both cazbornensis, var., and 7. australina. Semele profunda Conrad, Bliss 7S Amphidesma profunda Con. Name mentioned, p. 8. App. Mort. Synop. Org. Rem., 1834. A. profunda Con., Pl. 19, fig. 14, Harris’ Reprint, Con. Foss. Shells, &c, 1893. Although this species has never been described, the figure given on the plate above referred to is quite sufficient for its iden- tification. The name profunda, too, is exceptionally well chosen. We have but one valve of this rare species, the one herewith figured ; but if two valves were placed in normal position the di- ameter of the shell would be at least two-thirds the height. Cer- tain small Cumingie have somewhat the proportions of this spe- EG 2). BULLETIN 31 172 cies ; yet upon the whole it seems best placed with Semele, though lateral teeth are scarcely perceptible. The pit for the internal ligament is deep and well-developed ; the exterior liga- mental groove is of moderate length and size. Conrad seems to have forgotten this species in his list of 1865. The muscular scars can just be made out, but the pallial line and sinus seem not to have been impressed in the least. We obtained our one valve from the Claiborne ‘‘sand’’, Claiborne, Ala. Semele australina, n. ap., Pl. 52, Figs. 9, a, b Specific characterization.—Shell ellipso-quadrate as indicated by the figures ; surface practically smooth with a few impressed, distant growth lines ; posterior radiate plication and sulcation as in Tellina raveneli and Semele linosa ; valves shallow in com- parison with S. profunda, hinge much more delicate ; the liga- ment is separated from the resilium by the strong shell margin; just in front of the resilium is a weak oblique tooth, stillin ad- vance is a stronger tooth before which is a pit (see pl. 52, fig. Qraye The above description applies to the left valve, the only one thus far known in perfect condition. A large smooth specimen from the Rio Grande, (probably belonging to this species) is figured herewith (fig. ro). The smooth surface, sharp, deep, posterior fold and sinus, and the semi-quadrangular form serve to distinguish this species at once from Conrad’s /ézosa, from the same horizon. Type.—Paleont. Mus.C. U. (From Orangeburg District, Sie) Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Figs. 9, a b, Orangeburg District, S. C. Fig. 10, 15 miles below Carrizo Cr., Rio Grande, Tex. 173 St. MAuRICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 178 Abra nitens Lea, Pl. 52, Figs. 11-13 Lgeria nitens Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 51, pl.1, fig. 19. Amphidesma tellinula Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 397, pl. 4, fig. 5. Abra nitens tellinula Con., Am. Jr. Conch., vol. I, 1865, p. 5. Tellina nitens Grego., pars, Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 223. Syudesmya tellinula Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8. Abra nitens Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 997. Lea’s original description.—Shell subelliptical, obliquely transverse, inequilateral, the anterior portion being much the larger, rather compressed, smooth and shining; substance of the shell very thin; posterior slope lightly folded ; beaks elevated, pointed ; cicatrices scarcely perceptible ; cavity of the shell not deep, of the beaks rather deep ; margn entire. Diam. .1, Length 5-20, Breadth 6-2oths, of an inch. At first view this species might be taken for the zzflafa. On exam- ination it will be easily distinguished by its polish, its obliquity, and par- ticularly the great disparity of the size of the anterior portion of the shell, the inflata being nearly equilateral. This species varies considerably in outline as may be seen by examining the figures herewith given. Type.— Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., Nos. 5092 and 5093. We have seen this species only from the Claiborne sand at Claiborne, Ala. Cumingia ? keittensis, n. sp., Ply 52) Rigs 040 ns PI 53500 igi Specific characterization.—Form somewhat angular-ellipsi- oidal as illustrated ; substance of shell moderately thick, surface in general marked by well-defined concentric striz, anterior strongly characterized by down-dipping, curved, S¢rzgzlla-like unconformable ridges; posterior area more or less marked off from the general shell surface by an umbonal ridge ; teeth (so far as can be determined by the left valve) showing one strong cardinal tooth, posterior to which isa longer lamelliform, radiating tooth which bounds the resilium pit anteriorly ; pit bounded behind, not very sharply, by a slight radiating ridge above which a sharp diagonal gash indicates the position of a submerged ligament ; posterior lateral faint, short ; anterior lateral short, at distal termination of lunular area ; lunule narrow, cordiform, deeply sunken under the beak ; escutcheon not sharply defined. 174 BULLETIN 31 174 The true generic position of this remarkable form we can only determine after better material, showing teeth of both valves and pallial sinus, has been collected. Types.—U. 8. Nat. Mus. FTorizon.—Probably St. Maurice Specimens figured.—The types. Locality.—Sta. 4589, ‘‘Keitt Ravine, 4.5 miles N. W. of Creston, Orangeburg Co., S. C.’’ Ervilia meyeri Aldrich, Pp. 52: i) Bice Ervilia meyert Aldr., these Bulletins, vol. 5, 1917, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 7. For Aldrich’s original description, see the above mentioned volume. So far we have found no sample of this minute form. Ald- rich cites it from the Claiborne sand on the Tombigbee. Spisula parilis Conrad, Pl. 53, Figs. 2-4 Mactra parilis Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form, 1833, p. 42; pl. 19, fig. 8 of Harris’ Reprint. M. pygmea Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 44, pl. I, fig. 11. I parilis Cou.,) Amer, Jour.) Sci.; vol? 1, 1846) p27, ples tigenos M. ? parilis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 3. MM. (Cyrena ?) parilis de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 227, pl. 36, figs. 1-9. MM, parilis Cossmann, Notes Compl., 1893, p. 8. Spisula parilis Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1895, p. 896. Conrad’s best characterization (Amer. Jr. Sci.).—Triangular, equilat- eral, smooth and polished ; both ends depressed and striated ; umbonial slope slightly folded ; anterior angle with an impressed line ; cavity capac- ious. Claiborne, Alabama. This species hassome resemblance in outline tothe J. lateralis of Say, but its specific character is very different. Upon re- inspecting our Sabine materialit isevident that our var. distriata formerly referred (Bull. Am. Pal., II, 97, p. 258, pl. 19, fig. 10) to pretenuzs and afterwards (Geol. Surv. La., ’99, p. 503, pl. 53, fig. 4) designated asa disticnt species, is really 175 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 175 very closely allied to partis Con., though not so inflated nor so erect, but of double the size of this latter species. In the Jack- son at Jackson, Miss., the small, rugged specimens are very erect and angular. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. (Conradian Coll.) Hlortzon.—Claiborne, St. Maurice and ? Sabine. Specimens figured.—From Claiborne sand. Now at Cornell. Localities —Claiborne and Lisbon (as var. dzstriata), Ala. ; Wautubbee, Miss. ; also Hammett’s Branch, La. Spisula pretenuis Conrad, Pl, 53. Figs. 5-8 Mactra pretenuis Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42, pl. 19, fig. 9 of Harris’ Reprint. Mf. pretenuis Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 217, pl. 2, fig. 4. Mactrella pretenuis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 4. Spisula pretenuis Dall, Trans. Wag. III, 1895, p. 896. Conrad’s best description (Amer. Jour. Sci.).—Subtriangular, com- pressed, equilateral, thin and fragile, umbonial slope submarginal, subrec- tilinear, carinated ; beaks slightly prominent: posterior slope with two prominent fine lines and obliquely rugose ; surface of the valves with very minute concentric closely arranged lines. Claiborne, Ala. This shell is very rare. It has somewhat the outline of 17. delumbdis, of the Miocene, but is a much smaller and very distinct species. It has the cardinal fissure which would constitute ita member of the genus Scisso- desma. Conrad’s illustrations show a somewhat longer or more de- lumots-like form than the usual specimens from the ‘‘sand’’ at Claiborne. The Orangeburg specimens are not quite so sharply carinate and are thicker accordingly than the typical Claibornian (var. australina, n. var., pl. 53, figs. 9-12). Type.—Phila. Acad. fTorizon.—Jackson, Claiborne and St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—From Claiborne and Orangeburg, now in the Paleont. Museum at Cornell. Localities.—Claiborne sand, Claiborne, Ala. ; three to six miles N. of Orangeburg, (more or less silicified specimens in fer- ruginous clay), S. C. ; specimens here are fairly abundant. Ft. 176 BULLETIN 31 176 Gaines, Ga. ; Montgomery, La. (Jackson). Spisula decisa Conrad, Ply Sas Eee Mactra decisa Con., Foss, Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, 42. MM. decisa Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 216, pl. 2, fig. 3. Spisula decisa Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1895, p. 896. Conrad’s best characterization (Amer. Jour. Sci.).—Triangular, ven- tricose, umbonial slope angular, slightly carinated, posterior slope depressed, with a line somewhat bifid or double from beak to base, and short oblique prominent lines on the upper portion of the valves ; cardinal fosset large and profound, the anterior tooth adjoining it triangular, with a deep pit on each of the three sides. Claiborne, Ala. This very rare species has not been found entire. Ihave only one fragment, and the hinge of this is perfect enough to exhibit the fissure in the hinge line under the apex, which characterizes the genus Scissodesma. We have little hesitation in referring the fragment we have of a hinge line to this species though the umbonal slope can scarcely be described as ‘‘carinated’’, nor do we quite under- stand ‘“‘the fissure in the hinge line’’. Type.—A mere fragment in the Phila. Acad. Conradian Col- lection. Our specimen is likewise from the Claiborne sand and is now at Cornell. : Spisula decisa var. palmaris, n. var., Pl. 54, Figs. 2-6 With such fragmentary material at hand it is difficult to de- cide whether the typical decisa from the Claiborne sand should be classed as one and the same species with the St. Maurice material. The Claiborne sand fragments indicate a very deep shell cavity, and show a large, robust beak, very tightly incurving and some- what twisted. The St. Maurice specimens show a more pointed and erect beak with seemingly a slightly less capacious shell cav- ity. We seriously doubt the propriety in uniting these differently appearing forms without calling attention to certain well-marked differences. - Under var. palmaris, accordingly, we would place the inter- nal casts and molds from the base of the Claiborne bluff, such as 177 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA | shown by figs. 2 and 3, as well as similar forms from 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S.C. The angulate and thinner shelled forms from Keitt’s Ravine (figs. 4-6) may be placed here for the pres- ent. Mactropsis zquorea Conrad, Pl. 54, Figs. 7-9 Erycina equorea Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42 ; pl. 19, fig. 11 of Harris’ Reprint. Mactra grayi Vea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 42,.pl. 1, fig. 10. Triquetra equorea Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol, 1, 1846, p. 218, pl. 2, fig. 5. Mactropsis equorea Con., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854, p. 30. Mactropsis equorea Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5. Mactropsis equorea Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1895, p. 911. Conrad’s best characterization (Amer. Jour. Sci.).—Triangular, equi- lateral, thick, plano-convex ; umbonial slope submarginal, angulated ; um- bo flattened, apex acute ; anterior extremity acutely rounded ; posterior ex- tremity obliquely truncated ; cardinal plate very thick ; fossett small, ovate ; cardinal plate thickest under the anterior cardinal tooth. Claiborne, Alabama. A common species, the valves of which are always found separated. The substance of the shell is remarkably thick. This is one of the very common lesser bivalves in the Clai- borne ‘‘sand’’ at Claiborne. We have as yet found it from no other horizon. Type.—Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ. Mactropsis rectilinearis Conrad, Pl. 54, Figs. 10-12 Erycina vectilinearis Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 42 ; pl. 19, fig. 10 of Harris’ Reprint. Triquetra vectilinearis Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 218, pl. 2, fig. 8. Mactropsis rectilinearis Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 5. Mactropsis vectilinearis Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1895, p. 911. Conrad’s best characterication (Amer. Jour. Sci.).—Triangular, flat- tened above, with coarse lines of growth ; posterior side subcuneiform, rather longer than the anterior side, extremity subtruncated ; umbo much flat- tened, apex acute ; posterior dorsal margin rectilinear ; basal margin a lit- tle tumid near the middle. Claiborne, Ala. 178), BULLETIN 31 178 This shell is larger, thinner, more inequilateral than the preceding [@qguorea], and very rare. The cardinal plate is less thickened and the an- terior muscular impression not so deeply impressed. Both species have an indistinct impressed line on the exterior, extending from the anterior end to the apex. This is indeed a rare species but isso much thinner than @quorea and with so much wider hinge area that a comparatively fragmentary specimen can be quickly differentiated from speci- mens of the latter species. Our specimens were from the famous Claiborne ‘‘sand bed’’. — Pteropsis papyria Conrad, P15 54))) ieataigeee Lutraria papyria Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 41 ; pl. 19, fig. 7, Harris’ Reprint. Mactra dentata Lea, Cont. to Geol., 1833,.p. 41, pl. 1, fig. 9. L. papyria Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 216, pl. 1, fig. 8. Pteropsis papyria Gabb, Jour. Phila. A. N. S., vol. 4, 1860, p. 296. Pieropsis papyria Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1895, p. 881. Conrad’s best characterization (Amer. Jour. Sci.).—Ovate, very thin and fragile, inflated anteriorly ; surface with concentric sulci, profound on the sides and obsolete in the middle, and with numerous interrupted wrin- kled lines from umbo to base; anterior end abruptly rounded ; posterior side cuneiform, compressed, gaping ; a slight fold, and nearer the end margin, an undulated line from beak to base ; submargin angular, witha narrow depressed area at the extremity of the valves. Claiborne, Alabama. A very rare species and exceedingly fragile. I have only one valve nearly perfect and the fragment of another. The teeth and cardinal grooves are remarkably large and profound. Small fragments of shells belonging to this species are not so very rare in the Claiborne sand bed, but we have succeeded in finding no really good specimens that would stand packing and shipment. So faras we are aware it is found only in the sand at Claiborne, Ala. There are now two nearly perfect left valves in the Conrad- ian collection at the Phila. Academy. Pteropsis lapidosa Conrad, Pl. 54, Figs. 14-15 Lutraria lapidosa Con., Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 215, pl. 1, fig. 7. 179 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 179 Astarte conradi Dana, Man’! Geol., 1863, p. 516. fig. 800. Lutraria conradi Ald., Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 39, pl. 4, TBR oh, Pieropsis lapidosa Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1895, p. 881. Conrad’s description.—Obliquely ovate, convex, with rather distinct large concentric sulci, obsolete towards the base; summits very elevated, from which the anterior and posterior dorsal margins decline very oblique- iy ; anterior extremity angulated ; posterior side cuneiform towards the end margin, which is acutely rounded or subangulated ; anterior basal margin very oblique, subtruncated. Orangeburg, S. C. I have but one specimen, a cast in indurated clay, without a trace of the original shell remaining upon it. This species possesses a very thin, fragile shell, and, when embedded in marly clay is apt to be much distorted. As Ald- rich says (loc. cit) : The one fiugred by Prof. Dana hasbeen con- siderably distorted by pressure, and therefore mislead Prof. Heil- prin, who considered it a young Crassatella alta. While writing my Texas MS report on the Tertiaries of that State I had the opportunity of comparing the type of P. conradi with lapzdosa and found that they most probably were of one and the same species, as Aldrich had intimated. Dall un- hesitatingly refers conradi to Jlapidosa. In this he is doubtless correct. Conrad’stype and description of /afzdosa are incom- plete in lacking the pouting lunular area. Distortion causes the shell to assume all sorts of outline. Strangely enough, prob- ably through a mental confusion, the Philadelphia types are la- belled Aetrosa instead of lapidosa. Type.—Philadelphia Academy, Nat. Sci. florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimen figured.—Orangeburg District, S. C. Specimen in Paleont. Laboratory, Cornell Univ. Localities.—Texas : Campbell’s and Cedar Creek, Robertson Co. La. : Near Red Land, Bossier Parish ; Gibsland ; Chau- tauqua ; Hammett’s Branch. Miss. : 4 miles W. of Enterprise ; Wautubbee. Ala.: Coffeeville, Lisbon, base of Claiborne Bluff. S.C. : Orangeburg District ; Center Hill. SO): BULLETIN 31 180 Peripioma claibornensis Lea, PAs 553. Baiank Anatina claibornensis Vea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 40, pl. 1, fig. 8. Lea’s original description.—A portion of the hinge only of this shell has come under my notice, consisting ofthe apophysis, the point of the beak, and a small part of thedorsal margin behind the beak. The apophysis is elliptical, and small comparatively with the thickness of the valve in the regiou. The figure is a good representation of the part de- scribed, and it will be observed that the substance of the shell is much thicker than any described species. The pearly nacre which distinguishes most of the genus is very observable in this. We have two specimens like Lea’s but showing nothing fur- ther in regard to the nature of this species or its relationship to the various forms from the St. Maurice beds below. The type of No. 5023 is still in the Academy’s collection, Philadelphia, Pa- Periploma co!lardi Harris, Pl. 55, Figs. 2-5 P. collardi Uar., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 52, pl. 3, fig.4. P. collardi Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1528. Harris’ original characterization.—General form as figured ; nearly equivalve ; beaks turned slightly backward, posterior deflected to the right ; substance of the shell thin and very nacreous ; umbones fissured. The general form of this species is somewhat like that of Ceronia singleyt, from which, however, it is distinguished by the difference in direction of the beaks, as well as by the beaks themselves. Again this species has a much more extended posterior dorsal margin. The type specimen was from Dr. Collard’s farm, Sparks Headright, Brazos Co., Texas. Itis more elongate than the specimens from the base of the bluff at Claiborne from the same horizon. ‘Those from St. Maurice, La., show an intermediate outline usually, though the elongate, Texan form occurs. Some at the base of the Claiborne bluff after having been probably distorted by pressure assume a nearly circular outline and are considerably inflated. .But what seems to be the prevalent form hereis shown by fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows very beautiful radiate structure to good advantage. All these specimens are thin shelled and highly nacreous. In the Orangeburg District, S.C., a variety or distinct spe- cies is much thicker, nearly circular, flat and Lzwcza-like in as- x81 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA I8t pect. The semi-silicified condition of the shell may have oblit- erated the original nacre of this form, but the various other dif- ferences make it worth while to call this at least a new variety australina (figs. 6-8). It is the first mid-Eocene specimen de- scribed from the Gulf region to show general form and markings of exterior and the characteristice interior. It is not unlikely that, as Dall suggests; Lea’s clazbornensis is the same as other Eocene forms since described. But of this fact we still have no proof. ‘This offers a splendid instance of the poor policy of giving specific names to mere fragments of shells. lLea’s figure is sufficient to show that the genus occurs in the Claiborne sand but it shows nothing else. Type of collardit.—Texas Univ. Museum. Type of australina.—Cornell Univ. Pal. Museum. FTorizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—The type from Texas, intermediate forms from the base of Claiborne bluff ; the type of australina from the Orangeburg District, S. C. Localities.—As above; also at St. Maurice, La. Verticordia (Haliris) mississippiensis Dall, Pl. 55, Fig. 9 V. (A1.) mississippiensis Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 1198, pl. 42, fig. I, p. 1510. Dall’s original description.—Shell rounded, triangular, inflated, with very high involute prosoccelous beaks ; sculpture with about thirty- three narrow, angular radial ribs, uniformly distributed and with about equal interspaces, the entire surface closely and minutely granulose ; the granules are more or less arranged in radial lines ; basal margin arcuate, produced towards the middle, serrate by the sculpture, nymphs strong ; in- terior brilliantly pearly and very much disposed to scale off. Lon. 5.5, alt, 5.0, diam. about 6 mm. This shell, external, looks like a minute Fecchiolia. The pearly sub- stance isso friable that it is hardly safe to attempt to describe the hinge, all the specimens being more or less defective. There is no lunule. The shell is much heavier than the Bowden species and more pearly. Eocene of the Wautubbee Hills, Clark Co., Miss. ; Burns. Our collection have afforded no specimen of this interesting form. We?) BULLETIN 31 184 Verticordia eocensis Langdon, Pl. 55, Figs. 13-16 V. eocensis angdon, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 41, 1886, p. 208. Pl. 6, fig. 13, Ala. Geol. Surv., Bull. 1.—Aldrich. Not V. eocenensis Cossmann, Notes Compl., 1893, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 6 from Jackson, Miss. V. eocenensis Dall, partim, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1510. Langdon’s original description.—Shell rotund, beak recurved, ele- vated and striate, substance of the shell rather thick, lunule obscure, one prominent cardinal tooth, lateral teeth oblique, margin dentate and crenu- lated between dentitions ; nacre brilliantly pearly ; muscular'impressions two, profound ; pallial line obscure ; closely ribbed ; ribs about 16, crenu- late, radiating regularly from the beak and slightly recurved. Length .25, Breadth .25, Height .06. This, I believe, is the first Verticordia described from the Eocene, there having been only three species known among living and fossil shells, two of these being Miocene. Differs from lV’. emmonsi Con., in being ro- tund and having more ribs, and from V. carditformis Wood in having no striations between the ribs, in being more rotund, and showing no incury- ing of the ribs as they approach the ventral margin. Claiborne, Ala., and Jackson, Miss. In the typical form cocenszs there is not much abrupt varia- tion in the spacing or sizeof the ribs. However, a little irregu- larity is noticeable in about the third or fourth from the posterior margin. In our specimens from Hickory and the Sabine River, from the St. Maurice horizon, the tendency to irregularity becomes more noticeable. There are three posterior ribs, then a rather broad space, then two ribs slightly closer together followed by about eleven quite evenly spaced. In the form described by Aldrich as sotoensis (The Nautilus, vol. 16, 1902, p. 100, pl. 4, figs. 19-21) there are two posterior ribs, then a space, anterior to which there are twelve ribs (see pl. 55, figs. 10-12). For the reader’s convenience we here include Aldrich’s de- scription of sotoenszs : Shell small, strongly ribbed with twelve ribs, then a blank space, then two ribs near the margin, beaks blunt and rounded, ventral margin serrated ; internal tooth long and curved. Interior very porcellaneons ; muscular scars slightly impressed. 183 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 183 Localities.—Claibornian of De Soto and McLeod’s Mill, Miss., and in Western Alabama, same horizon. This species closely resembles V. dalliana, nobis, but differs in the number of ribs and the absence of one space which appears on the other. It is also more rounded. With sofoens7s as a name for the rather marked variety just referred to its seems unnecessary to give a special name to the intermediate forms from Hickory and the Sabine. It is quite possible that the Verticordia we figured from the Midway Eocene (these Bulletins, vol. 1, pl. 16, fig. 16) some years ago without naming it, should be referred toa variety of eocensis. But wehaveno connecting forms as yet from the Sa- bine stage. Aldrich’s dalliana seems to be a modification of sotoensts, found in somewhat higher Eocene or Oligocene beds. Of this species Dall has well remarked: ‘‘This belongs to the typical section of the group and has from thirteen to sixteen ribs, a minutely granulose surface, moderately convex valves, and is well figured by Aldrich as above noted. The inter-spaces between the ribs usually show one or two impressed lines radi- ating in harmony with the ribs. The pallial line has a distinct but shallow sinuation.’’ Type.— Florizon.—St. Maurice and Claibornian ; possibly also Mid- way to Jackson. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Others copied from Aldrich. Localities.—-Sabine River, Tex., opposite S. W.cor. S. E. Yy sect. 35, 13 W., 5 N.—Veatch. Hickory, Miss. Claiborne sand bed, Claiborne, Ala. Cuspidaria prima var. multiornata Ald. & Mr., P1.55, Figs. 18-20 Neera (Cardiomya) multiornata Ald., & Mr., Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, pt. 2, 1886, p. 46, pl. 11, fig. 19. For Aldrich’s description of prima, see these Bulletins, vol. 2, p. 266, pl. 20, fig. 14. Aldrich and Meyer’s description of multiornata reads as follows : 184 | BULLETIN 31 184 Posterior half of the surface, with six radiating ribs, the stronger the more posterior they are. They alternate with smaller radiating ribs, which do not cover the umbonial part. Anterior half of the surface covered with numerous radiating ribs ; its umbonial part is covered by strong concentric ribs, which terminate abruptly at the first radiating rib of the posterior half. Wautubbee. We believe multiornata and prima have been regarded as very distinct and figured so on account of the very few speci- mens known. ‘There seemsto be no definite number of strong ribs posteriorly nor is the anterior without indications of ribs. Again, the secondary, inter-ribbing, varies in strength. It is evident that: the figured type of mzltiornata is only a fragment of the umbonal part and does not show the outline cor- rectly at all if it is really a Carvdiomya. See fig. 19 for a photo of a specimen from the type locality and fig. 20 for a fragment of the same species from St. Maurice with more strongly differen- tiated sculpturing anteriorly and posteriorly. Im this the four posterior radii are strongly marked while the anterior is weakly marked. Cuspidaria attenuata Aldrich, Pl, 55, Fig. 21 Neera alternata Ald., Bull. 1, Geol. Surv. Ala., 1886, p. 38, (pl. 6, fig. 15, as attenuata, lapsus penne). C. attenuataDall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1505. Aldrich’s original description.—Shell small, moderately rotund, cov- ered with very fine concentric lines ; rostrum short, obtuse, rounded on top and angulated on dorsal margin ; lines of growth becoming lamellar on its surface.° Hinge lineand dorsal line of rostrum straight. Cartilage pit minute, narrow, oblique and close under the beak. Locality.—Lisbon, Ala. We have found no specimens corresponding to this descrip- tion. In outline and marking it is wonderfully like some of the Buhrstone Ledas. Since the name a/fernata is preoccupied for this genus by d’Orbigny’s species, Dall proposes, quite properly, to make use of Aldrich’s name, accidentally used on the explanation of the plate, for this species. 185 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 185 CORBULA Alabamiensts stock The majority of the specimens, seemingly of this stock, in the upper Sabine at Woods Bluff are of the small, strongly con- centrically striate, laterally flattened, compressed form (pl. 56, figs. 1-4, 7) already described in vol. 2 of these Bulletins (p. 260, subengonata Dall). ‘These, slightly more specialized in the Claiborne sand, constitute the variety zmaof Gregorio. Still, among these are some (figs. 5, 6,8) pointing towards typi- cal alabaminensts. ‘The latter occur sparingly in rather smallish individuals in the St. Maurice stage from Texas to the Caro- linas. Along with them in this horizon occur specimens, quite inflated, with finer concentric striation, for the most part lack- ing the strong umbonal carination of the species generally, in fact, reminding one of some rather weakly marked Cuspidaria (var. cztronella, figs. 12, 13). ‘Thistype, after becoming a little more rostrate in the Claiborne, appears to be Cossmann’s variety Gregoriot (figs. 14-16) though he refers the variety to compressa, Lea. In the Claiborne sand, so called, this stock riotsin forms and numbers. Most conspicuous are the large, nasute specimens giving rise to Conrad’s name zasuta (figs. 22-26). But others shorten, become thick and elevated, and show in adult forms a noticeable geniculation medially (figs. 26-30). . These, var. fecla of Gregorio, are approaching close to the Jacksonian dezsata ; in fact Dall has it that they really are densata. ‘Typical densata (figs. 31-31), is asomewhat more elevated form. Corbula alabamiensis Lea, with varieties, PSG C. alabamiensis Vea, Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 45, pl. 1, fig. 12. C. nasuta Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. Form., 1833, p. 38. See also pl. 19, fig. 4 of Harris’ Reprint. C. subnasuta d’Orb., Prod., 382. C. nasuta Gregorio, Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 231, pls. 36-38. C. alabamiensis Cossmann, Notes Supl., 1893, p. 6. C. alabamiensis Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1898, p. 841. For Lea’s original description, see these Bulletins, vol. 2, 186 BULLETIN 31 186 Pp. 260. We have no hesitation in using Lea's name alabamiensis in- stead of Conrad’s zasuta since, although the latter was proposed first, it was already preoccupied by Sowerby’s species and again, Conrad’s description, without figure, does not define the species. Plate 56 shows what appears to be the development of this fecund stock from the Sabine, through the St. Maurice, Clai- borne and Jackson horizons. Some of the flatter, coarsely and horizontally marked earlier forms that linger along into the Claiborne stage would certainly be regarded as perfectly distinct species were there not so many intermediate forms connecting them with the typical specimens. They instinctively remind one of engonata of the Vicksburg Oligocene but lack the beautiful microscopic radii of that species in the Claibornian, though their predecessors do show such markings. The left valve of the typical form is apt to beshorter than the right while both show lines of growth that seem to dip or plunge posteriorly (figs. 17, 19) and both show a fairly strong umbonal ridge. There are sometimes traces of two grooves on the post-umbonal slope (fig. 28), and in some varieties there are well- marked, fine radii over considerable portions of the shell. The rather small, smoother and thinner specimens with very extended rostrum in the Claibornian (var. gvegoriol, figs. 14, 15) are pre- ceded in the St. Maurice beds by shorter, somewhat more strong- ly striate forms (var. ctronella, figs. 12, 13) from the Orangeburg District. The devsata-like forms are apt to show a marked gen- iculation as indicated in profile by fig. 28 and the post-umbonal grooves are obvious and the lines of growth seem nearly horizon- tal. The umbonal ridge, however is strongly and sharply de- fined. Dall refers Conrad’s zasuta of the Mexican Boundary Sur- vey (1857, pl. 19, fig. 4) to a new species which he calls conradz. What we have seen of Western Texas material inclines us to believe that what Conrad really had was a somewhat elevated form of alabamiensis, a mere modification of a type like the one he figured on pl. 19, fig. 4 of Harris’ Reprint of Fossil Shells, &c. Type.—Type of right valve, No. 5039 of the Phila. Acad. 187 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 187 Coll. Left valve perhaps 5040, more probably Lea’s figure, was from a reversed tracing of 5039. Horizon.—Typically Claibornian, but represented by muta- tions in beds ranging from the Sabine to the Jackson inclusive. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities. —On the Rio Grande, 2 miles above San Jose and at Webb-Zapata Co. line ; on the Colorado River at Smithville and at the mouth of Alum Creek ; Brazos River, Mosley’s Fer- ry, 500 yds below the mouth of Little Brazos ; Cedar Creek and Campbell’s Creek, Robertson Co., Texas ; Sabine River, La. ; Hickory ; 8 miles W. of Enterprise ; Wautubbee, Miss. Lis- bon: ‘Claiborne Bluff, «Ala: ; 3) and 6 miles N. W. -of Orangeburg, and 5 miles N. of Orangeburg, S. C:; Ft. Gaines, Ga. Corbula compressa Lea, Pl. 57, Figs. 1-6 C. compressa Lea, partim,Cont. to Geol., 1833, p. 47, pl.1, fig. 15. C. perdubia de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 233, pl. 36, figs. 31-32. C. compressa and perdubia Cossm., Notes Compl., 1893, p. 6. Lea’s original description.—Shell triangular-ovate, compressed, equilateral, inequivalve, concentrically and finely striate on both valves ; beaks slightly elevated, incurved ; umbonial slope with a double carina on the right valve, and a single one on the left; cicatrices not distinctly marked ; cavity of the beaks shallow. Diam .1, Length .2, Breadth 5-20 of an inch. Observations.—Not easily confounded with the preceding species, [gibbosa] being smaller and having both valves similarly striate. There is considerable doubt in the mind of the writer as to what name should be applied to this very small species of Corbula at Claiborne. Lea’s types as preserved in the Academy’s collec- tions contained a mixture of compressa, as we understand the term, murchisont, and alabamiensis. His figured specimen we fear is but a mutation of alabamiensis and the dimensions he as- signs for the ‘‘breadth’’ of the specimen is quite too large for our species. The name too, compressa, for adult forms is quite misleading, in fact contradictory, it would seem, to the expres- sion ‘‘xmbontal slope with a double carina on the right valve’’. Yet his ‘‘observations’’ show he had in minda small species quite dis- tinct from all others, and his types include this among others, 188 _ BULLETIN 31 188 so we are inclined to adopt the name compressa for this particular species. De Gregorio illustrates well the young stage of this species (as ferdubia) but he too indicates that its size is too great. When specimens are young there is generally a flatness, a broadness of posterior, a forward curving of the beak reminding one (when viewed under the microscope) of Venus rileyt, ‘The valves are not distinctly dissimilar when young. ‘The senile stage, not often represented, shows a thickening, a geniculating medially, an increase in regularity and strength of the growth’ lines, a sharpening of the posterior sub-margin and a channel on the post-umbonal slope (shown best on decorticated specimens. ) We strongly suspect that Dall had in hand some representa- tives of this speciesalong with others and classed themasC. (Cu- neocorbula) gregorio: (Trans. Wag. III, p. 843) in 1895. He re- gards our smzthvillensis as synonymous with gregorioz. His in- terpretation of pevdubia (op. cit. p. 844) is not clear, owing to lack of illustrations and to the fact that three-fourths of his ‘‘Jackson Eocene’’ localities are really St. Maurice. Type.—Phila. Acad. Coll. fTorizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Museum Cornell Univ. Locality.—Claiborne, (sand bed) Ala. Corbula smithvillensis Harris, Pl, 57, Figs. 10-17 C. aldrichi var. smithvillensis Har., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 52, pl. 3, fig. 5, a. C. rugosa Heilp., non Lam., Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1890, p. 4o1. C. (Cuneocorbula) gregoriot Dall, non Cossm., Trans. Wag., II, 1895, p. 843. Harris original characterization.—The variety is larger than the typical form, the beak in the left valve more nearly central ; right valve proportionally higher ; radiating lines pac rcrally, obsolete. It is very difficult for the present writer to undersand how Heilprin could have confounded this form with vugosa Lam. or how Dall could have regarded it as Cossmann’s gvegorioz. The umbones of the valves in smzthvillensis are generally 189 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 189 smooth ; the strong concentric liration begins medially or basal- ly, generally. But in rugosa it is the earliest stage of the left valve that shows lirations, while below the shell is generally smooth. It is also longish and has the aspect of the left valve of the murchisonz stock. ‘The rotund, short, left valve of sazthvzll- ests is scarcely to be distinguished from the left valve of aldrichz. The radiating lines of the latter species, however, are generally wanting. ‘The illustrations on pl. 57 show these various charac- ters. Asalready stated, gvegorioz seems to be an inflated, nasute alabamiensts if Cossmann’s figure is at all correct. The type of smzthvillensis was rather unusually large and smooth as published in the Proc. Phila. Acad., as noted above. Corrugations are apt to cover a greater portion of the shell. There is always something of an umbonal ridge, but in many Louisiana specimens itis not at all prominent. Some remark- ably large, senile, right valves of compressa have the outline and superficial resemblance to dwarfed right valves of smzthvillenszs. But the umbonal regions show marked differences : compressa shows there a flattening, a well-defined concentric striation, and a longish form approaching in characteristics its own left vaive, while swzthvillenstsis nearly smooth, nearly round, inflated, or semispherical. Some older right valves of smzthvillensis, if unus- ually high and rugose, bear a striking resemblance to the Jack- sonian wazleszana. One has only to glance at the respective left valves to see that the two species are very far apart genet- ically. Type.—Texas State Museum. Florizon.—St. Maurice Kocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localittes.—Smithville, Bastrop Co. ; Burleson Shell Bluff on Brazos River ; 2 miles EK. of Alto, Cherokee Co., Mosley’s Ferry, Brazos River ; Cedar Creek, Wheelock League. Robert- son C. ; Elm Creek, Robertson Co. ; Berryman’s Land, Chero- kee Co. ; Alum Bluff, Trinity River, Houston Co., 2 miles S. of Mt. Selman P. O. ; 1 mile N. of Nevilles, Gonzales Co. ; 15 miles S. H. of Nacodoches, Nacodoches Co. ; Tex. Sabine 190 - BULLETIN 31 190 River; Mt. Lebanon, Winnfield (1000 feet deep in. well), La. Near Enterprise, Miss. Corbula texana Gabb, Pl 57,\ Rigs. 24-28 C. texana Gabb, Jour. Phila, Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d Ser., vol. 4, p. 386, pl. 67, fig. 54. C. texana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, pt. 4, p. 845, 1898. Gabo’s original description.—tifiated, subtriangnlar, thick, umbones large ; right valve marked by numerous large transverse ribs ; umbonal slopes rather abrupt ; basal margin regularly rounded ; left valve ? Dimensions.—Length .3 in., width .38 in., depth of right valve .15 in. Common. I haveseen numerous specimens of theright valve but none of the left. The left valve is considerably smaller than the right, nearly smooth ; long-quadrangular in outline ; marked by two or some- times three folds radiating from the beak. This species seems but distantly related to any other Amer- ican Eocene type. A few of its markings recall marchtsonz, but it is only half the dimensions of that species, its right valve has nothing of the characteristic, even lirations of the latter having only fine lines and great irregular breaks in the exterior surface. Both valves are very much shallower than in murchisont. On the left valve, however, there are very distinct radiating folds : on murchisoni these must be viewed in the right light, oftentimes, in order to be seen at all. Thisis preeminently a Texan Mid- Eocene form flourishing in the midst of the richest molluscan faunas. Corbula rugosa Wam., of the Paris Basin resembles this, somewhat, but is more regular in surface markings, more nasute posteriorly, and larger. Type.—Lost. . Duplicates in Phila. Acad. Mus. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities —Mosley’s Ferry and Cedar Cr., Burleson Co. ; A. Kimble headright, Cherokee Co. ; Sabine river, opp. 5S. 35, 5 N., 13 W. I9I St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA IQI Corbula gibbosa Lea, Pl. 58, Figs. 1-6 C. gibbosa Wea, Cont. to Geol., p. 46, pl. 1, fig. 14, 1833. C. oniscus Con. (partim) Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 1, p. 398. pl. 4, fig. 3. C. ignota de Greg., Mon. Faun. Koc. Ala., p. 232, pl. 37, figs. 14-18. Left valve only. C. gibbosa de Greg., idem, p. 233, pl. 36, figs. 27-28 and 29-30? (Right valve only). C. gibbosa Har., Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 1 p. 20, 1895. Lea’s original description.—Shell very transverse, somewhat inflat- ed, nearly equilateral, very inequivalve, on the right valve transversely and distinctly striate, on the left valve transversely and minutely striate ; beaks elevated, incurved ; umbonial slope with a double carina on the tight valve, and on the left a single carina and indistinct fold. Cicatrices not distinctly marked ; cavity of the beak rather deep. Diam. .2 ength’’ 53 Breadth .5 of an inch. Observation.,-This species has some resemblance to the murchisont, but differs in being more transverse, in being more produced behind, in having a more obtuse carina, and in being less inflated, _ While at first there may seem to be a little superficial resem- blance between this. species and mzzrchisonz, especially in the heavy liration over the surface of the right valve, no one could well confound specimens of the left valves of the two species. The illustrations herewith given show how very distinct the forms are. Conrad included not only mzurchisonz but gzbbosa and even the Jacksonian species from the Ouachita River, La., under his ontscus. Type.—Of right valve, 5063, of left 5064 of the Phila. Acad. Coll. Horizon.—Claiborne sand. Specimens figured.—Paleont. Mus. Cornell Univ. Corbula murchisoni Lea, Pl. 58, Figs. 7-10, 12-15 C. oniscus Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., Jan, 1833, vol, 23, p. 341; 7dem, ’46, vol. I, p. 398, (partim) non pl. 4, fig. 3. C. murchisont ea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. 1833, p. 46, pl. 1, fig. 13. C. murchisoni de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 231, pl. 37, figs. 22-39, pl. 38, figs. I-13. C. murchisont Cossm., Ann. Geol. et Pal., 1893, p. 6. C. oniscus Dall, (partin:), Wag. Inst. Sci., III, pt. 4, 1898, p. 843. 192 BULLETIN 31 192 Léa’s original description.—Shell much inflated, triangular, subbi- angulate behind, nearly equilateral, very inequivalve ; right valve covered with regular, large transverse ribs, which terminate at the sharp carina or the umbonial slope ; left valve smooth or slightly wrinkled, with two or three obscure ribs passing from the beak tothe basal margin, and a linear umbonial slope, posterior to which there is a deep fold ; beaks very large and incurved ; tooth and pit of the left valve large; posterior slope trun- cated, furnished with 2 double carina on the right valve and a single car- ina fold on the left. Cuicatrices not distinctly impressed ; cavities of beaks very deep. Diana ee Length .5, Breadth .6, of an inch. We prefer Lea’s name for this species, for, though Conrad’s description was given a few months earlier, it does not differen- tiate this form gzbdosa ,; in fact Conrad’s figure in 1846 as cited above is doubtless ¢zbbosa. As late as 1865 (Am. Jr. Conch., vol. 1, p. 3) Conrad fails to discriminate these two very well characterized species. This is the most conspicuous of the Claiborne sand Cor- bulas. We have seen it from no other horizon, but Dall records it both from the Sabine below and the Jackson above. ‘This au- thor is correct in regarding Gregorio’s C. zgzofa as simply the smooth left valve of another species, but is evidently wrong in referring it to murchisont. For the many figures of mzrchzsonz, (both valves are given by Gregario) show plainly he knew the species well. On the other hand, Gregorio’s remarks (p. 233) and figures show he was entirely at a lossto know what the left valve of gzbbosa was like. His figures of zgzofa are left valves of gzbbosa Lea. | This species differs from the C. wailesiana Har. of the Jack- son Hocene by its coarser lirations, and more acute biangulation posteriorly in the right valve ; more contracted posterior in left valve. However, wazleszana is clearly a direct derivative of murchtsont. It is interesting to note that while in a very young state the two valves are similar in size and marking (fig. 12). Adult con- ditions setting in (generally abruptly), the left valve becomes nearly smooth, shows faint radiating undulations and furrows on the post-umbonal slope ; while the right valve assumes the in- 193 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 193 flated, very corrugate form so well known in this species. Oc- casionally the early shell cleaves off ; sometimes the exterior of the great right valve scales away, leaving a strange looking, smooth specimen. Type.—Lea’s figured types seem to be those we have cata- logued as 5061 and 5062 inthe Phila. Acad. Coll. Hortzon.—Claiborne sand. Locatlity.—Claiborne, Ala. Corbula murchisoni var. fossata, Meyer & Ald. Pl. 58, Figs. 11, 16-20 C. murchisoni var. fossata Meyer and Aldrich, Jr. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 45. pl. 2, fig. 22, 1886. C. fossata Dall, Trans. Wag., III, p. 844, 1898. Meyer and Aldrich’s original description.—Like Corbula murchisont Lea, from Claiborne, but the concentric ribs terminate rather abruptly at a depressed line along the carina. Between this line and the carina there are double the number of small concentric ribs. |The form, besides, is smaller than in Claiborne. Newton, Wautubbee; Lisbon, Ala. The type specimen is from Newton. The sharpand well defined de- pression along the carina of the umbonial slope is so striking and seems to be so characteristic for the horizon, Newton-Wautubbee-Lisbon, that some might consider it more practical to give to the form a new specific name. This however would not show its close relation to Corb. murchisont. Dall seems to regard this as a separate species and adds Vaughan’s locality, Mt. Lebanon, La. We now hesitate to follow the same course for there are now aad then to be found in the Claiborne sand, specimens of muvrchz- sont of transitional form, some even quite typical /ossata as shown by fig. 11. Type.—Johns Hopkins Univ. Mus. fTorizon.—St. Maurice and occasionally Claiborne. Specimens figured.—Mus. Cornell Univ. Localities.— Mt. Lebanon, La. Johnson’s place; 8 miles W. of Enterprise; Hickory; Newton; Wautubbee, Miss. Clai- borne, Ala. BOM) BULLETIN 31 194 Corbula extenuata Dall, Pl. 58, Figs. 21-27 Corbula (fossata var. ?) extenuata Dall, Trans. Wag., III, p. 844. pl. 36, fig. 6. Dall defines this form in the following terms : ‘‘This differs from /fossata by being less high and more elongated, with two very strong keels on the rostrum, the end of which is emarginate between them ; the anterior keel projects below the ventral mar- gin of the rest of the valve, with an emargination in front of it ; the rostrum is produced, recurved, and sculptured as in fossata ; the beaks are small, pointed and incurved; theleft valve is smooth and very turgid. Long. 8, alt. 6, diam. of right valve 3.3 mm.’’ Weare led to believe this is far enough from /ossata to be regarded as a distinct species, not only on account of the length of the right valve, but especially the greater length of the left valve (see figs. 25-27) though this seems not to be quite in har- mony with Dall’s diagnosis. ‘The species differs from the fossata type very much as g7d6osa differs from murchisont. Type.—U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Florizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Specimens jfigured.—Paleont. Mus., Cornell Univ. Locality.—Orangeburg, S. C. (3-6 miles W. N. W.). Panopea porrectoides Aldrich, Pl. 50, jb geen P. porrectoides Aldr., Geol. Surv. Ala., No. 1, 1886, p. 37 pl. 4, fig.3- Aldrich’s original description.—Shell thin, oblong, ventricose ; sur- face marked by lines of growth ; anterior side expanded, posterior pro- duced. Ventral margin nearly straight. Beaks incurved, pointed, wrinkled by lines of growth. The posterior end widely gaping, and hasa wedge- shaped appearance. Tooth strong, blunt below, sharp above ; hinge line short. Locality.—Baker’s Bluff, Ala. ; Ferr. sand bed. The differences between this form and the Miocene P. porrectoides Con., are very slight. We have no specimens of this species from the Claibornian stage ; but have fine casts of the interior of somewhat broad- er, larger specimens from the silicious limestone rock above New- IQ5 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA . 195 bern on the Neuse River. It certainly has a very Miocenic aspect. Solen lisbonensis Aldrich, BENSON (kaa S. lisbonensis Ald., Geol. Surv. Ala. Bull., No. 1, 1886, p. 37, pl. 4, fig. 4. S. (Plectosolen) lisbonensis Dall, Trans. Wag. III, 1900, p. 953. Aldrich’s original description.—Shell linear, nearly straight ; pos- terior sub-truncate ; anterior obliquely rounded with a depressed space be- hind running to the beaks ; lines of growth prominent, bending at right angles along a line running obliquely from the beaks to the junction of the posterior and ventral margins. Anterior widely gaping. Lisbon, Ala., just above the Bulrstone. _Especially common in Buhrstone at Ft. Gaines, Ga. To this species Dall has added a variety, op. c., called abruptus, characterized as follows: This form, represented by numerous fragments, differs from Aldrich’s figure by its more abrupt anterior truncation and relatively wider valves. It will probably, when more complete specimens are obtained, prove to belong to a distinct species. Locality.—Clark Co., Miss. Cultellus (Ensiculus) conradi Cossmann, Bie soy eee Linsiculus convadi Cossmann, Notes Supl., 1894, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. I. Cultellus (£.) conradi Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 958. Cossmann’s original description.—Testa depressiuscula, antice abbre- viata ac subovalis, postice elongata et elatior; umbones parvi, haud prominuli; cardo cum dente antico perpendiculari et dente postice sub marginem parall- eli, cicatricula musculi anterioris, angusta, preelonga, atque radiatim impressa. Coquille déprimée, court, rétrécie et ovale de coté antérior plus dila- tée et allongée du coté postérieur ; le bord supérieur parait rectiligne, les crotchets trés petits et d peine courbés en avant, n’y font aucune saillie. Toute la surface est lisse, avec de faibles stries d’accroissement qui indiquent bien la contour de la coquille compléte, sur le seul fragment que je posséde. La charniére de la valve droite se compose d’une dent antérieure €troite et saillante, presque perpendiculaire au bord cardinal, tandisque la dent pos- térieure forme un bourrelet paralléle au bord. L/impression du muscle adducteur est étroite et allongée : elle prend naissance contre la callosité du rebord antérieur et s’étend obliquement vers le coté anal. marqué de petits rayons peu saillants. TOG! () BULLETIN 31 196 Longeur du fragment 7 mill. ; largeur 4 mill. Cette espéce trés intéressante se distingue de /&. cladarus du bassin de Paris, par son bord cardinal plus rectiligne et par sa dent antérieure plus allongée ; l’impression musculaire prend naissance plus prés du bord an- térieur, comme dans le genre Czltellus, mais elle s’étend obliquement comme celle @’ Ensiculus cladarus, quoiqu’elle soit moins prés de la char- niére. Claiborne, ma collection. Dall remarks regarding this species: ‘‘Specimens of this small species have been obtained by Burns and Johnson, but mostly-in a fragmentary condition. Itis easily recognized by the curved ridge infront of the anterior scar. There are no specimens of this species worthy of illustra- tion in our collections. e Siliqua simondsi Harris, Pll 59, igen S. stmondsi Harris, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 51, pl. 3, fig (25 S. stmondst Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1900, p. 956. Harris original description.—Size and general form as indicated by the figure ; anterior acutely rounded sub-basally, posterior rounded ; from the umbo radiate two depressions (in the cast), the anterior deep, the pos- terior more nearly vertical and faint ; pallial line and sinus comparatively well marked. Type.—Texas State Museum. Florizon.— Jackson ? Eocene. Locality of only specimen known.—Dr. Williams’ Quarry, Stephenson’s Headright, Brazos Co., Texas. More material must be collected before the generic position of this species can be definitely determined. Martesia texana Harris, Pl. 59, Fig. 5 MM. texana Har., Proc. Phila. Acad, Nat. Sci., 1895, p. 53, pl. 3, fig. 6. M. texana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1895, p. 820. Harris original description.—General form as figured ; surface marked by concentric lines or corrugations crossed by a radiating fold ; anterior to this the lines are strong, but behind it they are very faint. This speceis differs trom (V7. elongata Ald., by its much greater anter- ior development, and hence the much more central position of the radiating fold. 197 Si. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 197 Type.—The Texas State Mus. Coll. Horizon.—St. Maurice Eocene. Locality.—'TFwo miles east of Alto, Cherokee Co., Tex. ™“ Phiadomya claibornensis Aldrich, Pl. 59, Figs. 610 P. claibornensis Ald., Geol. Surv. Ala., Bull. 1, 1886, p. 38, pl. 4, fig. 5. P. claibornensis Dall, Trans. Wag.. III, 1903, p. 1531. Aldrich’s original description.—Shell exceedingly thin, pearly, con- centrically ribbed, crossed by radial lines, which are strong on the um- bones ; beak high, very prominent close to the anterior end of the shell, anterior truncated abruptly ; posterier produced, flattened on the upper part ; lunule long and narrow, smooth ; hinge raised, prominent. This shell, as already pointed out by Dall, assumes very dif- ferent aspects in accordances with the pressure it has been sub- jected toin the enclosing beds. Perhaps we get the best concep- tion of its form in specimens preserved in hard, clay ironstone as at St. Maurice, La., where it is quite abundant. Type.—Aldrich Coll., Johns Hopkins Univ. fTorizon.—St. Maurice Kocene. Specimens figured.—Texas State Museum, No. 452 and Cornell Univ. Localities.—Texas :Theree miles N. EK. of Crockett, Rusk Road, Houston Co. ; two miles E. of Alto, Cherokee Co. Louis- jana: St. Maurice, mouth of Saline Bayou. Alabama: base of of bluff, Claiborne ; Lisbon. ‘ Gastrocecena larva Conrad, Al, Iu dente, ere, 102 Fistulana larva Con., Amer. Jr. Sci., vol. 1, 1846, p. 212, pl. 1, fig. 5. Gastrochena larva Con., Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, 1865, p. 2. Gastrochena larva Ald., These Bulletins, vol. 1, 1885, p. 71, pl. 6, fig. 12. Conrad’s original description.—Ovate-oblong, ventricose ; thin and fragile ; anterior margin short, straight, very oblique ; extremity an- gulated ; posterior margin regularly rounded ; umbonial slope defined by impressed lines ; concentric lines on the anterior half of the shell rough HOS), BULLETIN 31 198 and prominent, basal margin slightly arched. Claiborne, Alabama. This rare species is allied to /. elongata Desh., but is proportionally shorter and very distinct. The very much broken type is still in the Conradian Eocene Collection at the Phila. Academy. Xylophaga ? mississippiensis Meyer, ! Pl. 59,)\ -eeae NX, ? misstssippiensis Mr., Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, pt. 2, 1886, p. 46, pl. 2, fig. 24. Meyers original description.—Globular, widely gaping in front. Divided by aradiating lineinto two parts. The posterior part is convex and covered by indistinct, distant concentric lines. The anterior part is globularly rounded and covered by sharp, elevated, somewhat waving con- centric ribs, smaller and crowded on the umbonial part. Its anterior mar- gin is refiected. Newton. One single specimen has been found. In our collections there are no traces of this species. Gastrochena sp., Pl. 59, Figs. 14, 15 Gastrochena sp., Meyer, Ber. ueber die Senck’b,. nat. Gesell. in Frankf. a. M., 1887, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. Io, a. Meyer remarks regarding thisform : ‘‘The burrow herewith illustrated I regard as belonging to a Gastrochena. Fig. 11 a [10 a] ? shows the opening enlarged. Deshayes figuresa seem- ingly similar tube as belonging to Gastrochena ampullaria am. ‘‘Conrad has described from Claiborne a Gastrochena larva. esides, I have had a specimen of another species from Claiborne in my collection for a long time named Gastrochena subbipartita, n. sp. It is characterized like Gastrochena bipartita Wat. by an umbonal furrow dividing it into two parts. I have not illustrated the species as it is possible better material may be obtained.”’ We herewith copy Meyer’s illustrations as so far we have found no good specimens of the species. 199 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 199 Teredo simplex Lea, Son ieeiG T. simplex Vea, Cont. to Geol., Dec. 1833, p. 38, pl. 1, fig. 6. Leas original description.—Shell thick, slightly curved, smooth ex- teriorly, tapering. Observations.—Possessing but two or three fragments of the shell, it is impossible to make a perfect description. It differs from the zava/lis (am.) in the substance of the shell being thicker, and from the //dzalis of Morton in being less thick, the cavity of the shell being very small. It has no transverse strize like the antenaute of Sowerby. We have noted various, somewhat larger tubes of this Clai- bornian bluff type, but none in which the true shell was pre- served. Type.—No. 5019* ,Lea Coll. Phila. Acad. fforizon.—Claiborne Eocene. Teredo simplexopsis de Gregorio, VEN iso, |= JEN A077 Teredo simplexopsis de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc. Ala., 1890, p. 236, pl. 38, figs. 26, a, b. Gregorio’s original description.—Testa tubulosa, cylindrica, potius tenuis, fere recta ; extremitate clausa, rotundata, non autem dilitata. Au préalable, j’avais référé cette espéce ala Zeredo simplex Lea ; mais en suite, ayant examiné quelque exemplaires de cette dernicre espéce, je me suis apercu qu’ils appartenaient au genre Sevpula. Notre espéce est beaucoup moins €paisse ; son intérieur est moins restrinct. La coquille garde encore un certain couleur rougedatre. Regarding this species Dall remarks (Trans. Wag., III, p. 813) that de Gregorio has identified what he (G.) regards asa Se7- pula tube from Claiborne, with Lea’s species, and for the true Teredo tubes which occur in the Claiborne sands has proposed the name of 7eredo simplexopsis, which probably may have to be regarded as a synonym of ZJeredo simplex, while the Serpula will need a new name. *No. 5020 is a more irregular form of like dimensions. 200 BULLETIN 31 200 Astarte (Gocdallia ?) americana Dall, Pls '32))) Bigage Astarte (Goodallia) americana Dall, Trans. Wag., III, 1903, p. 1496, pl. 56, fig. 5. Dali's original description.—Shell small, compressed, nuculoid in form, anterior slope short, directly descending, posterior longer, arcuate ; base arcuate, beaks low, lunule lanceolate, impressed, escutcheon obscure ; surface finely concentrically striated ; hinge of left valve with two diverg- ing cardinals, inner margin smooth. Length 4.0, height 3.25, diameter 1.5 mm. A single, somewhat worn left valve is all that we possess of this spe- cies. ‘The form is very different from that of the Parisian species, but the hinge appears to be the same, the anterior tooth having been broken off and only its base remaining. The pallialline is certainly unsinuated, and taking all the circumstances into consideration it seems probable that this species should be referred to Goodallia, though it has somewhat the aspect of a Leptonaceous shell. Eocene of the Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Ala. Our Claiborne collections have furnished no additional spec- imens of this little species. |. Hence we have reproduced Dall’s illustration and have quoted his description verbatim. The following names, in addition to those mentioned as synonyms in the foregoing text, may well be deleted from Eocene literature Anvara (Corbula, Tiza) de Greg. Base on description of Conrad’s C. alta, Vicksburgian. Mon. Faun., &c., p. 234. Lilineata (Cardita) Tuomey, Geol. S. C., ’48, p. 153, om. ned. Camera (Ostrea) Tuomey, Geol S. C., ’48, fp. 154, mom. nud. Callosa (Astarte) Con., Foss. Sh. Tert. &c., p. 39, indeter- minable. Ebla (var. Ast. tellinoides) de Greg., Mon., &c., p. 199 ; individual var. Estiva ( Thrace) de Greg.) Mon Faun.) éc., p) 230) ume recognizable cast, doubtfully Eocene. Gigantisstma (Ostrea) Finch, See Harris’ Reprint of Con- rad. pnia7 201 St. MAuRICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 201 Zenus (var. of Glycymeris deltoideus) de Greg., Mon. Faun., &c., p. 195 ; individual mutation. Leta (Ostrea) de Greg., Mon. Faun., &c., p. 176; young selleformis. McCordia (Cytherea) Ruffin ; see Tuomey’s Geol. 8. C., °48, p- 154, 70m. nud. Mittens (var. Curdium diversum) de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc., &c., p. 215 ; Vicksburgian individual. Precuneata (var. Glycymeris deltotdeus) de Greg., Mon. Faun., &c., p. 194 ; indiv. var. Pitua (Astarte) de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc., &c., p. 200 ; doubtfully Eocene. Politus (Lithodomus) Tuomey, Geol. 5. C., 48, p. 154 ; 20m. nied. Postsulcata (var. Lucina tmpressa) de Greg., Mon. Faun., Ee p20) indive van. proruta (Astarte) Con., Foss. Shells, &c., p. 38 ; unrecog- nizable. Roperiana (Pholas) Tuomey, Geol. S. C., ’48, p. 155; e770. wud. | Silicea (Perna) Tuomey, Geol. S. C., p. 155 ; om. nud. Subcuneata (var. Mact. parilia) de Greg., Mon. Faun. Eoc., p-. 228; indiv. var. Sublevigata (var. Lucina parilis) de Greg., Mon. Faun., Hoewnp.2og- imditve) var: Striatus (var. Glycymertis deltoideus) de Greg., Mon. Faun. BOE eck Pp, TOs imdivanvan: Symetrica (var. Gratelupia hydana) de Greg., Mon. Faun., &c., p. 221; young specimen. 202 BULLETIN 31 202 EXPLANATION OF PLATES NNote.—Unless some statement 1s made to the contrary, it may be as- sumed that the specimens from which these illustrations were made are now deposited in the Paleontological Laboratory at Cornell University. PLATE I Figure Page Ostred alabaniiecHsiS Tyee icicccoescscseeseceseseeeee De PPR SER Mra pyre uash i gi Lio) | 8 Adult from Claiborne, Ala. ; *%. This is the form labelled by Con- rad, ‘‘O. claibornensis Con.’’, in the Philadelphia Academy Collection. Pl. 1, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 1 31, Pl. 2, No. 203 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PRLECYPODA 203 PAE 2 Figure Page Tegan OStAEA ALanaMICnsTs Weal: Claibornese: s.csdeccesascaesotssecneassoeeee 9 Fig. I, XI. Young, thin specimen. 2, 1, showing some contraction with lamellate and divaricate sculpture. 3, usual adult form, showing distortion and diseased condition. 204. BULLETIN 31 204 PLATE 3 Figure Page Ostrea alabamiensts (war. COnLKACEA) (COM: e he ide ease aes nee ese eee eee 9 Showing young, Azxomia-like stage of alabamiensis, divaricate epider- mis, with lamellation somewhat as in /rionis ; general form and size of geogiana, contracted beak of contracta; X 2-3, Shell Bluff, Ga. Jack- son Eocene. . No. 31, Pl. 3, aS =e Bull. Amer. Pal. No. 31, 4 4 Pl. 205 ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 205 PLATE 4 Figure Page OSTRCUATNG [COME DCLO COMMONS cats basins taniter ve naisianieh onceteieaciga cates ns ane se nuns 9 From ‘‘above Roma, Starr Co., on the Rio Grande, Tex.’’ Texas State Mus. Coll. Probably Jacksonian age. 206 Figure 3- BULLETIN 31 206 PLATE 5 Page Ostrea alabamiensis var. friontsS Har, X 3h ....c..c.ccrcescsserseesseone 9 San Miguel Cr., S. E. corner of Frio Co., Tex., below De Viller’s ranch. Texas State Museum, No. 1710. O. alabamiensis Lea X % ; form called georgiana, Shell Bluff, Ga., C. U. Mus. No. 34,048. While young showing characteristics of a/- abamiensts with frionis-like plications, and when adult having typical contracta-like umbones ; size of georgiana, Jackson Eocene. O. alabamiensis var. X 1 ; young and thin with traces ot plica- tions ; Burleson Shell Bluff of Penrose’s report, Brazos River ; one mile below Milam-Burleson Co, line. Texas State Museum, No. 55 Pl. >, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 5 Vo . Amer. Pal. Bull No. 31, ? Pl. 6, 207 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 207 PLATE 6 Ostrea alabamiensis Wea X I Young, showing radii and beginnings of plications. Claiborne, Ala. ON SAM CS OLTIES BRLOV TUNG ISCO TAG AR AAAS NTN Maia CP ae Ae Young, showing both valves and various stages of posterior flexure. Base of bluff at Claiborne, St. Maurice stage. Represents a young specimen with concentric growth-lines well developed in comparison with the strength of the radii, var. /eta de Greg., p. 201. 208 BULLETIN 31 208 PLATE 7 Figure Page Ost¥ed SEU CfOKINES (COB Benoa leita se eh ane eae naenn gat coe neee eae II Adult from the base of Claiborne Bluff; St. Maurice stage. Bull. Amer. Pal. = 5 ei ty = ates Pil. 8, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 8 209 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 209 PLATE 8 Figure Page Ostrea selleformis var. smithvillensis Har., X 3h weveceecsccsseveccececsesecaees et From Smithville, Tex. 210 BULLETIN 31 210 PLATE 9 Figure Page 1-6. Ostrea selleformtis var. lisbomensts TLAarrisS ....2-...cseceeeeeeee nee eyeees 12 About natural size ; showing thick, heavy shell and are loid form ; Chestnut, La. St. Maurice stage. 7. O. Sellceformis var. ATVATICALA TCA ....eeeereeeee rece reece neeeeeeceneen eens 12 From Newton, Miss. U8. O. selle@formis var. vermiilla de Greg....... sects nceeeee ean eceeeen ee 12 Bienville Parish, La. Pl. 9, No. 31, | Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, PI. 9 Pl. 10, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, Pl. 10 ZIz St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA! 211 PILING, ©) Figure ! Page I-10. Ostvea vicksburgensts var. (U@OVILIANA, N. VAL.. ....ceceseeeeeeeee ees 14 About natural size; showing form and markings of both valves. Figs. 2 and 6 from Natchitoches, others from Chestnut, La, TLS enn OSLUC MONI S OMA CINCH ns oeernaveccsseaade ccs socesawe cen ccksodeltecoreceesc 15 About natural size. 11-13, Caton’s Bluff,Ala. 15, Lisbon, Ala. 212 ») BULLETIN 21 | ai2 PLATE If Figure Page IL-2), AROMIO \CPRIPPpLOtaes Gabi Xi Qhaverannoncoss seeanacee saeco eeee eee 16 Figs. 1-2, from Sabine River ; 3 from East Texas. Harris Coll. 4,5. Anomia navicelloides Ald. var. hammetti Har...............+. meen ks 18 Fig. 4isIg9x15mm.,5is 14x13 mm. From Hammett’s Branch, La. See also pl. 12, figs. 1 and 2. 6-8) PA OMT Td SDOMENSES ANG” HOLT 2 eeihete aeicn sone marie sec de eect oes ate ee 17 Fig. 6 from Lisbon, 7 and 8 from base of Claiborne Bluff, Ala. ; 9 and 10, from Louisiana: 9 and io X 3. Pl. 11, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. —- Vol. 6, PI. 11 213 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 212 PLATH 12 Page Anomtia navicelloides var. hammetti Har., 20-x 14 mm...........- 18 _ Exterior and interior of upper valve ; Hammett’s Branch, La. WELECOLUT A fel EIPLENLOSA) COMM XC Died csv sscadentincaaeecasiiaees sess -s2ee 18 Claiborne sands, Claiborne, Ala. LE. lls Wii GOGA LU HED JOR, SX B23556) Gece sdeaooonoocbeqnobeodoonoeodeE ene 19 Columbus, Tex. ea OPe Vite) PUMOCE UAV) XK, Zac calnisasceaeecaens ilies comesniscanvass/cesece sat: 19 Wautubbee, Miss. The same, enlarged about 4 times ; Hickory Miss. Figure BULLETIN. 31 274 PLATE 13 PCCW AESHOMEST. WGC A VAT US Deeds eAe ps 2) e ean eae eee This seems to be a variety of deshayesi, but larger, more circu- lar in outline, slightly less ventricose in the umbonal region, witha greater umbonal angle and more orderly costation than the usual deshayesi. The specimen is stained reddish and doubtless came from the Scafedla layer just above the ‘‘sand”’. FLCLEW ACSROVESIS! XX Ses ioe Me neeeh as edge sosea ease ate e een ee eee Left valve of the /yelli type, rare. _ The most common type of /ecfez at Claiborne ; heights 17 and ’ .25 mm. ; the one to which Lea gave the name of /yedd1. Pecten deshayest Lea; X 23 portions of left valves. Pecten deshayest lea; X 1.6. Much like the type specimen though showing imbricate sculpture much more definitely, but with less pronounced intercostal ribbing. FPecten sp., X 1.5, ‘‘worn’’ valve of deshayesi as interpreted by authors. Its orbicular form, lack of agreement in most all re- spects with the ordinary right valves of this species, generally called Zyelli would seem to place such forms in another species. Possibly these smooth-ribbed forms had better bereferred to a variety of our cazcawensis. All the above are from Claiborne, Ala. 20 Bull. Amer. Pal. Bull. Amer. Pal. 215 Figure Io. 162 6, 12. 13. ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA ZU PLATE 14 Page VRAGRELD ERO IN OAL AIS OEM SQ oO NT MANNS EAS SUN ee 21 Right valve, common form, showing tripartite subdivision of ribbing near the basal margin ; lack of strong ribbing over much of the surface of the valve. Wautubbee, Miss. The same, X 2; showing well defined but unornamented rib- bing in umbonal region. Hickory, Miss. The same, X 2, left valve. Notice the simple ribbing till the peri- pheral region is reached ; also the well marked ornamenta- tion of ribs throughout. Hickory, Miss. The same, right valve ; X 1.5 ; interior. Wicte hiv (OR 202 UL 20 OLE IES NOG Te OLS eaea sane Mates «ee dalaves sadse Udceadaneoes Large, very thin, with dual subdivision of coste. From the basal beds, Claiborne Bluff. Wartetsyyze22(coai Dalle oa ue Mian ui sa seduhtias eave gauebibenesmiaececes bse From specimens furnished by the U.S. Nat. Mus., from ‘‘Ko- cene, Clark Co., Ala.’’ WATLEY) COI PEL ATIAS WG Da Din ae SL ONO RRL RR AUG LUN Bulalale cis tet Right valve, from Wautubbee, Miss. EAGLE PUNCH PCOSLO INIT. AIAG VAN KD ian de Sansewesccceees oe bass Showing characteristics mentioned by the describers. Wautub- bee, Miss. The same, X 2.5, left valve, showing chardcteristictics men- tioned by Dall (Tr. Wag., p. 730). Wautubbee, Miss. Pecten (clarkeanus ? var.) burlesOnmensis, 1. Vat., K 2...-.-seeceenee From a specimen furnished by the U. S. Nat. Mus., from ‘Black Bluff Shoals’’, Brazos River, Texas. The same, X 1%. From “Burleson Bluff’’, Brazos River, Tex. The same, X 1%. From ,‘‘Collier’s Ferry’’, Brazos River, Texas State Museum specimen. 23 24 24 26 216 BULLETIN 31 216 PEATE (15 ‘Figure Page De!) POLE | CALUCAUENSIS. TLESD:, Xs Teh weaned scouecie eae ea eaaee eee eee 27 From a gutta-percha squeeze of the umbonal region cfa right valve. 2. The same, surface markings more distinctly shown. 3. The same, X 1.5, right valve showing some of the exterior. 4. The same, X1.5, portion of the surface of a right valve showing surface in fair state of preservation. 5. Thesame, X 1.5. interior impression of left valve. 6. Thesame, X 1.5, fragment showing exterior characteristics of large left valve. 7. Thesame, X 1.1, showing exterior of left valve about the peri- phery. All the above are from near Cawcaw Swamp; S. C. Pecten clarheanws AVALOS Tie os Geen Nee eee nce ea eee eee nee ee 25 9. The same, specimens loaned by Aldrich from thetype local- ity, Sowilpa Cr., Ala. 1G-13., Fecten lar keanws Ald.) 015 8))-Vaikas as iosee decent hehe eat eee Renee ee 26 Showing form, size, character and variation in surface mark- ing. Hamilton Bluff, Ala. TAR obecten: sciuietlatis (Con, 62.8) Gene cner secs ac ROR ee 28 From the Jackson beds of Miss. Here inserted for compari- son with the following : 15. Pecten scintillatus var. corvneoides, n. vat., X L.....0 Sc a 28 Left valve: 16, The same right valve. Both valves from St. Maurice, La. 17. ,\; AmuUssium souammuUlume Vami (ie x Audt A ks aaa ne pene eoe ne 28 18. Thesame, X 4, cast of hinge area, opposite, or right valve. From Negreet Bayou. 18a. The same, X 6, showing well preserved exterior markings. Di Na 217 St. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA 217 PLATE 16 Figure Page 1-2. Lima harrisiana Ald., X 1% ; Winn Parish, La................068- 29 43-7 Pteria limula Conrad, natural Sizes... ... 21.22.20. cececessccssesecerece- 29 Showing hinge, thickening of shell in adult, muscular scars and general outline of the valves. All from ‘the Clai- borne ‘‘sand’’. 8-11. Pinna gravida, n. sp., natural size........... siaeeeanet SAAS ABA A NARE NA 30 Showing outline, cross-section and surface markings so far as known. From St. Maurice, La. 12.13. Surface markings of P. cawcawensis, enlarged ; see next plate. , 218 Figure I. 2. 5, a. Io. II. He Tes 14-16, 17-20. 21-24. BULLETIN 31 218 PLATE 17 Page PUNE CAWCAWENSIS, UN. Sp) natural \Size.’ ).s.seccss.. sess seemauadte Bs The same ; imprint of exterior, showing markings. Specimens from 5 mi. N. W. of Orangeburg, S. C. Modiolus cawcawensis, n. sp., about natural size...............s000 a1 Imprint of exterior, showing markings. The same ; cast showing size and general form. Columbia road, 5 mi. N. of Orangeburg, S. C. Modiolus (Mauricia) houstontus War., 5a, % 3 sccon-cndesecneeee 32 From type specimen ; 3 mi. N. KE. of Crockett, Houston Co., Tex. Now in Tex. State Univ. Coll. Modiolus te2anns ‘Cape Oe ee 32 Imprint of exterior from near Redland, La. Now in the Nat- ional Museum. The same, showing ‘‘dentition’’ anteriorly. Enlarged about 4 diam. Perhaps the same, from near Georgetown, Ga. Modiolaria alabamiensis Mi., XK 7 ssccsccesccsescnascancnescenese Mee 33 Copy of Meyer’s figure. Lithophaga clavlornensts Comms, 5 3c aveccscs-vaeaesoseseeteeee eee 34 Aldrich’s figure. The same from Conrad’s original figure. Lithophaga petricoloudes: (Wed), nice snsoes eae screen omonea qed 34 From de Gregorio. Crenella VaAtey7rons Cons C4 ee Nae ne oee enor seseceaseeeneee 34 Claiborne specimens from U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Crenella margaritaced 'COUy, SOA ev dessneonta easeena aeneedeeee US Rey Crenella isocardioides Dee WIRS: Ga WAR HA ED PIAS Nes nC CANE A 36 Pl. 17, No. 31, Bull. Amer. Pal. Vol. 6, Pl. 17 Pi. 18 Vol. 6, Bull. Amer. Pal. Pl. 18, No. 31, 219 Figure ihe, 18, a. ST. MAURICE AND CLAIBORNE PELECYPODA' "219 Te ACE eS WERILOPSUSN EU UCULOULES I COME Snes raeeCan ee wna pe eas nnaeensee od cee tenets liao Fig. 1, 8 mm., St. Maurice, La. 2, 11 mm., Hickory, Miss. 3, 8 mm., St. Maurice. 4, 7-5 mm., St. Maurice. 5, 5-5 mm., St. Maurice. 6, 5.5 1m., Claiborne. 7, 5.5 min., Claiborne, Ala. NOE CLIADS (KRarsis Ny Geis: Seaassl heepbancsouspcrocomasedseeunenamoceoncd 27 The same, enlarged, showing hinge. From Claiborne, Ala, TT UOT UG) UAUOUTHES ibe 15, Sc000\) Keeaanannede ncbeoey asonepnaees eniece copbRcace 38 Claiborne, Ala. TQ GELUD: | DELIA OTGE EBD) Os igace san goqecacene Sones Jae OATOOSEO dooecoNAEe) 2 SBORAED 40 Fig. 11, 13 mm., Smithville. 12, 12mm., Smithville. 13, 12 mm?, Smithville, Tex. 14, 3.5 mm., near Chautauqua, Ja. REIT SAH, SAUILUCE AT. VAT AGH Saal a. ausemane oie Noees oe,