. 22 a see
. Trigonium contumaz, new species. X780__..._--.------------
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PL. 25
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20 mm -- | 12 mm-_-.} 10 mm. (50 per cent h.d.)---| 7 mm. (35 per cent h.d.)---- 7 | 12-14 | 34 mm.
18 mm -.-_} 11 mm.-| 8.5 mm. (47.2 per centh.d.)-| 6.5 mm. (36 per cent h.d.)--| 7-8 | 10-11 | 37 mm,
7mm ---| 10 mm--} 8.5 mm. (50 per cent h.d.)-- ae (35. 3 per cent h.d.)..| 7-8 | 10-11 | 47 mm,
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i
Characters—From the typical form these specimens, and some
others from the same locality, differ in the following characters:
The ambulacra are more closely tuberculated; inside the marginal
tubercle each plate carries 2 or 3 tubercles, which are not much
smaller than the marginal one and are usually arranged in a fairly
distinct transverse series running obliquely upward toward the median
line. There is no distinct naked sunken median line, the grooves
formed by the horizontal sutures just connecting along the median
line. The wall between the pores is flatter than in the typical form.
(Pl. 73, figs 7-8.)
In the interambulacra the naked median line is narrowed, and
correspondingly the number of tubercles on the median part of the
plates is rather conspicuously larger; the upper interambulacral plates
in general are more closely tuberculated than in the typical form.
270 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The most conspicuous difference, however, is found in the apical
system, which is much more closely tuberculated than in the typical
form; the shape of the oculars also is quite different. (Fig. 12, to
compare with fig. 10.)
The primary spines are scarcely so long as in the typical form,
generally not more than about twice the horizontal diameter, but
otherwise they are not appreciably different; the secondary spines
do not differ from those of the type.
In the pedicellariae no difference is found in the globiferous form,
but the “‘tridentate”’ form is, as a rule, somewhat shorter and broader
than in the type. (Pl. 79, figs. 7-8.) All transitional forms are
found between the tridentate and the usual small globiferous type
(pl. 79, figs. 4-6), so that no
doubt can exist about the appar-
ent tridentate being only trans-
formed globiferous and not true
tridentate pedicellariae. They
may reach a size of about 1.2
mm. in length of head; the stalk
is very short.
In regard to the color it is note-
worthy that the primary spines
are white, not of the pinkish tint
usual in the typical form.
Notes —Some broken speci-
mens were found to contain mud
Fig. 12.—APIcAL eee or GoNIocIDARIS (CyYR- with Foraminifera in their intes-
TOCIDARIS) TENUISPINA, NEW SPECIES, VAR. TUBER- tjne, Some of them have an
CULATA, NEW VARIETY, 6 Zi Z 5
ophiuran (Ophiacantha, species)
clinging to their spines. One specimen is abnormal in having two
genital pores in genital 5. (Pl. 61, fig. 11.)
Remarks.—It is evident that this form can not simply be identified
with Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris) tenuispina; the shape of the oculars,
the closer tuberculation of the apical system and of the ambulacra
and interambulacra especially are fairly conspicuous differences.
Possibly it ought to be regarded as a separate species. The differences
are, however, not quite constant, as in the typical forms the oculars
sometimes have very nearly the same form, and it would, there-
fore, seem the best course, for the present, to designate it only as a
separate variety.
GONIOCIDARIS (CYRTOCIDARIS) TENUISPINA, var. MAJOR, new variety
Plate 58, fig. 2; plate 79, fig. 9
Locality Station 5259; off northwestern Panay; Caluya Island
(S.) bearing S. 73° W., 12 miles distant (lat. 11° 57’ 30’ N., long.
REPORT ON THE ECHINOIDEA—MORTENSEN 271
121° 42’ 15’’ E.); 570 meters; bottom temperature 9.61° C.; gray
mud and globigerina ooze; June 3, 1908 (1 specimen, the type, Cat.
No. E. 1351, U.S.N.M.).
Measurements
Number of—
h. d. v.d. Apical system Peristome f ee
A. pro
| La. I.a.
| ey aes Maa bil shed PA fe a
29 mm... 18 mm. 14 mm. (48.8 per cent h. d.)_| 9 mm. (31 per cent h.d.)---_| 8-9 | 12-13 | 55mm,
Characters—This specimen differs in certain respects both from
the typical form and from the variety twherculata.
In the first place its larger size is noteworthy, 29 mm. in horizontal
diameter as against at most 22 mm. in the typical form. This does
not simply mean that
it is older and there-
fore larger. It must
be kept in mind that
the species of Gonio-
cidaris develop. the
apical disks only on
the uppermost spine
in each series of pri-
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ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE ‘‘ALBATROSS”’
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ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE ‘‘ALBATROSS”’
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ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE ‘‘ALBATROSS”’
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ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE “‘ALBATROSS’’
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ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE ‘‘ALBATROSS”’
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ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE “‘ALBATROSS”’
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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 31/1
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ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE ‘‘ALBATROSS”’
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 312
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS
COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES
STEAMER “ALBATROSS” DURING THE PHILIPPINE
EXPEDITION OF 1907-1910
By Aaron L. TREADWELL
Department of Zoology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
In the course of the further sorting of the Albatross Philippine
collections additional marine annelids have come to light. The
specimens represent four new species—Macellicephala maculosa,
Iphionella elongata, Onuphis branchiata, and Haldane philippinensis.
The earlier reports upon the polychaet worms of the expedition have
been published in this bulletin, as follows: Treadwell, Polychaetous
Annelids Collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross
in the Waters Adjacent to the Philippine Islands in 1907-1910, vol-
ume 1, part 8; Hoagland, Polychaetous Annelids Collected by the
United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross during the Philippine
Expedition of 1907-1909, volume 1, part 9; and Treadwell, Additions
to the Polychaetous Annelids Collected by the United States Fish-
eries Steamer Albatross, 1907-1910, Including One New Genus and
Three New Species, volume 6, part 2.
MACELLICEPHALA MACULOSA, new species
FIGURE 1
The head and about 70 somites of the single specimen are pre-
served, these together having a length of 53 mm., with a body width
of 5mm. In preserved material the general body color is light yel-
low, with a pinkish tinge on the dorsal surface of the anterior 25
somites. The breadth of the prostomium is twice that of its length,
and it is nearly oblong in form except for the rounded angles and
the slight protrusion on the anterior margin, where the anterior
tentacles are attached. (Fig.1,a@.) The eyes are prominent, the an-
terior ones being slightly the larger and located near the anterolateral
angles of the prostomium. The posterior eyes are situated at a dis-
tance about equal to their own diameter posterior to the anterior
ones. The tentacles are slender, sharp-pointed, about equal to the
prostomium in length, two inserted on the anterior prostomial mar-
gin and the third in a shallow depression on its posterior margin.
The tentacular cirri are much like the tentacles in form but are twice
their length and three times their diameter. The single remaining
palp is eight times as long as the prostomium and for the basal half
66629—31 313
314 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
of its length rather more than half the prostomial diameter. The
terminal half narrows gradually to a moderately sharp point. Prom-.
inent dark-brown spots occur on the tentacles, tentacular cirri, and:
palps.
The protruded pharynx is 8 mm. long. Above and below on its.
terminal margin on either side of the mid line there is a row of six.
papillae. Dorsally the mid line is marked with a more prominent
papilla. A smaller one lies in a corresponding position on the mid-
ventral line. Brown spots similar to those on the head appendages
occur on the papillae. In each of the upper and lower jaws are two
sharp-pointed, strong, light-brown teeth.
Dorsally and ventrally the central longitudinal areas of the body-
are sharply differentiated from the lateral by two longitudinal
muscle bands, which are more widely separated from each other
c a ee £
Figure 1.—WMacellicephala maculosa, new species: a, Head,
x 7%; Dd, fifteenth parapodium, X 17%; ¢, d, e, various
types of dorsal setae, xX 250; f, neuropodial seta, X 250;
g, anterior stout seta, X 250
ventrally than dorsally. The first pair of elytra are large enough to:
overlap dorsally and completely cover the head. Actually, in this
preserved specimen, they are thrown forward so as to leave the head
uncovered, and their anterior margins extend to the middle of the
length of the palp. The second pair are smaller, and this decrease in:
size continues in later somites, so that in the region of the twenty-
fifth they barely reach to the margin of the dorsal muscle band.
They are all very thin and transparent, especially the posterior ones,
which are quite invisible until lifted on the point of a needle.
They are oval in outline, with smooth margins and no noticeable:
surface markings.
The anterior somites are closely crowded together, and the para-
podia are nearly as long as the somites. This is doubtless due to
contraction in preservation. Later somites are longer and the para-
podia more prominent. A conspicuous feature of later somites is the
presence of a large chitinous coiled rod, like that described in a
PHILIPPINE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS 315
mumber of other polynoids.1 Viewed from the end, the parapodium
has an oval outline, the posterior and anterior lips of the setal lobe
being equal in length, the former continuous, the latter broken in the
middle. The sixteenth parapodium with its elytrophore is shown in
Figure 1, 6.. A heavy acicula reaches the surface near the middle of
the parapodium. Dorsal to this is a tuft of very long, sharp-pointed
setae carrying a fringe of fine hairs along one margin. Ventral to
these are smaller ones of several kinds. (Vig. 1, ¢, d, e.) Neuro-
podial setae are sharp-pointed with lateral hairs along both margins.
(Fig. 1, 7.) Anterior to the above-described setae, extending above
FIGURE ie atch elongata, new species: a,
Head, X 10; b, parapodium, X 17%; ¢, heavy
seta, X 68; d, seta, X 185
and below the acicula, is a row of much heavier ones, blunt-pointed
at the apex, with terminal and subterminal bunches of stiff spines.
(Fig. 1,¢.) In more posterior somites the setal row is much shorter.
Holotype—wU.S.N.M. No. 19548, a single imperfect specimen
collected at Station D5369, off Tayabas Light, Marinduque Island
{13° 48’ N., 121° 43’ E.), February 24, 1909, 106 fathoms, black sand.
IPHIONELLA ELONGATA, new species
FIGURE 2
The single specimen retains about 50 of the anterior somites. In
its widest portion, 13 mm. back from the head, it is 9 mm. wide, and
1 Treadwell, A. L., Acoetes magnifica, Amer, Mus. Nov., No. 355, June 1, 1929.
316 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
at the posterior end of the fragment it has narrowed to4 mm. The
prostomium is a trifle more than 1 mm. in diameter. The anterior
20 mm. of the body has a decided purple tint, and behind this region
it is hght brown with a darker median line. The ventral surface is
divided by two parallel lines into a median narrow stripe with a
broader area on either side. Where the cuticle is intact, this surface
has a bluish-gray tint. When the cuticle is removed the body sur-
face is a uniform light brown.
The prostomial width is about twice that of its length, its two
halves separated by a depressed area and, owing to the rounding of
all angles, each half is nearly circular in outline. No eyes are
visible, but ill-defined pigment patches occur where eyes should be.
The two tentacles arise very close together on the anterior prostomial
margin. (Fig. 2, ¢.) They are long, slender, and sharp-pointed,
approximately three times as long as the prostomium. Only one
palp is preserved, and this is narrow at the base, widening abruptly
to a diameter more than twice that of its base and retaining this
width for half its length and then narrowing rapidly to an acute tip.
Its total length is more than three times that of the prostomium.
The single remaining tentacular cirrus is very slender and almost
equal to the palp in length. The cirrophores of the tentacular cirri
and the dorsal surface of the prostomium are pigmented similarly
to that of the dorsal surface of the first somite. The palp, tentacles,
and styles of the tentacular cirri are all colorless.
Elytra are carried on somites 1, 2,3, 6,and 8. In this specimen the
anterior ones are badly rolled, and it is not possible to determine
their normal form. Those farther back are ovate, with the broader
end turned toward the dorsal surface of the body. They are nearly
colorless, but there is a little more pigment in their dorsal than in
their ventral portions. This, together with the fact that the body
wall shows through the elytron, and this wall is darker dorsally than
laterally, makes the distinction between the two ends of the elytron
seem more marked than it really is. The margin is entire. A nar-
row band inside the margin has a finely granular appearance, and the
whole surface inside this is divided by intersecting lines into angu-
lar areas, the whole having a strong resemblance to a cross section of
a stem of a maize plant. Irregularly shaped spots of pigment are
scattered along the intersecting lines.
The protruded proboscis has a row of six fleshy lobes on either
side of the dorsal surface of its end. A similar lobe, but bifurcated,
lies in the mid-dorsal line. There are seven or eight lobes on either
side of the ventral margin. The jaws are two sharp, brown teeth,
above and below.
The parapodium (fig. 2, 6) has a fleshy setal lobe, with a heavy
acicula reaching its surface at about its middle, where there is a
PHILIPPINE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS 317
slight surface depression. A smaller acicula extends into the base of
the dorsal cirrus (or into the cirrophore of elytra bearing somites).
The ventral cirrus reaches about to the end of the setal lobe, tapers
gradually to the apex, and has only a very slight basal constriction.
The dorsal cirrus is much larger, is flask shaped, and has a broad
base.
Dorsal and ventral to the point of emergence of the large acicula
is a row of a few very heavy, yellow setae. These (fig. 2,¢) have a
terminal, somewhat bent tooth, carrying on its convex surface a long
slender process densely fringed along its margin. ‘The concave sur-
face of the terminal tooth is covered with a dense mass of slender
spines. Dorsal and ventral to these setae are two tufts of setae
essentially similar in the two cases. They have long, slender shafts,
which slightly enlarge toward the ends and then taper to a long
slender portion. (Fig. 2, d.) Each side of the terminal portion
carries a row of radiating processes. These look like a series of sharp
spines but are really thin plates with toothed terminal margins. On
the scale of the drawings it is impossible to represent this detail.
In the posterior parapods occur heavy, coiled, chitinous rods.
Holotype —U.S.N.M. No. 19544, a single incomplete specimen col-
lected February 24, 1909.?
ONUPHIS BRANCHIATA, new species
FIGURE 3
The Albatross collected three incomplete specimens of this new
species of Onuphis at Station D5369, off Tayabas Light, Marinduque
Island (18° 48’ N., 121° 43’ E.), February 24, 1909, at 106 fathoms,
in black sand. The anterior ends were preserved in all cases. One
fragment of about 100 somites is taken as the holotype. It is 45 mm.
long and nowhere more than 2 mm. in body width. The second
somite (first setigerous), the longest of any, is about one-third longer
than the first, and those immediately following are progressively
shorter. The first 5 somites together are as long as the 12 immedi-
ately posterior to them. Throughout the remainder of the body the
somites have nearly a uniform width showing only a slight and
uniform shortening posteriorly.
The cirrophores of all tentacles are long, as long as the first somite.
Each is ringed for the greater part of its length, leaving a short
terminal portion without rings. In the unpaired cirrophore there
are six of these rings; each of the others has eight. The styles of the
20On this day the Albatross was engaged off Tayabas Light, Marinduque Island, dredging
in 88 to 159 fathoms, between 8 a. m. and 8 p. m., while at 8 p. m. the dip net and
electric light as a lure were used over the side. It is not indicated how this specimen was
obtained. Its broken condition would seem to indicate that it had been dredged.
318 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
inner paired and the median tentacles are equal in length, all very
long, as long as the first 25 somites (fig. 3, @), and they narrow to
blunt points. The styles of the outer paired tentacles are shorter
than the others in the proportion of 3:13. The frontal palps are
shorter than the cirrophores of the tentacles and are not visible
from the dorsal surface. The nuchal cirri are slender and extend
to the apices of the tentacular cirrophores. The eyes are obscure,
situated behind the bases of the outer paired tentacles.
The gills begin as a slender filament on the first setigerous somite.
In one specimen they become 2-branched on the fourth and_ 3-
branched on the sixth. They are longest and most prominent in
f
) |
: c e ‘ee
FIGURE 3.—Onuphis branchiata, new species: a, Head,
x 5; Db, first parapodium, x 10; c, tenth parapodi-
um, xX 10; d, seta from twenty-fifth parapodium,
!
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 6 PL. 81
THE PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF OPISTHOPORUS
1, Opisthoporus quadrasi, subspecies ?; 2, O. q. turturinganus, new subspecies; 3, O. qg. busuangensis, new sub-
>
species; 4, O. g. quadrasi Crosse; 5, O. q. palawanensis, new subspecies; 6, O. quadrasi, subspecies ?.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
BULLETIN 100, VOL.6,PART6 PL. 82
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das
im
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RELIEF MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF OPISTHOPORUS IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS COCHLOSTYLA
RUFOGASTER AND OBBA MARMORATA AND THEIR
RACES
By Pau Barrscu
Curator, Division of Mollusks and Cenozoic Invertebrates, United States
National Museum
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER AND ITS RACES
A sending of a lot of specimens of what is herein described as
Cochlostyla rufogaster juani, by the Philippine Bureau of Science
for determination, has made it necessary to subject the entire complex
of Cochlostyla rufogaster, as well as some other species which have
sometimes been designated under this name, to a critical review, the
results of which are set forth in the following pages.
All the specimens mentioned as having been collected by me were
obtained during the cruise of the United States Bureau of Fisheries
steamer A/batross in the Philippine Archipelago, 1907 and 1908.
Lesson, in 1831, described, and figured on Plate 22 of his Ilustra-
tions de Zoologie, a shell in the collection of the Duke of Rivoli. The
figure, I believe, is referable to the large conic race that inhabits the
region about Mariveles, Batain Province, Luzon. The shell figured
is a dead decorticated specimen, the loss of whose epidermis exposed
the red color of the later turns and the light peripheral zone. Lesson
states that the habitat from which the specimen came was unknown.
Cochlostyla rufogaster as now conceived extends over central
Luzon from Benguet south to Mount Banahao and Mount Maquiling.
As is usual with Philippine land shells, we find that a certain degree
of differentiation has taken place in the shells in the various habitats
occupied, which makes it not only possible but desirable to recognize
certain zoogeographic races and to designate these as subspecies,
which is here done.
The races of Cochlostyla rufogaster vary from elongate-conic to
ovate, from moderately slender to inflated. They range in height
from more than 90 mm to less than 50 mm. In shells with perfect
periostracum this is buff on the early whorls and wood brown on the
119365—32 329
330 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
later, marked by retractively slanting zones of dark brown. These
dark zones form a more or less fenestrated pattern occupying the re-
gion immediately below the suture. This character finds varying de-
grees of expression in the different subspecies. There is usually a
light peripheral zone, which shows considerable variation in width
in different shells and in some specimens appears almost completely
if not quite suppressed. The periostracum is also marked by fine
axial hair lines of varying shades of brown and numerous equally
slender spiral lines on spire and base. Decorticated specimens show
the early whorls flesh colored, the succeeding turn or two of buffish
tinge, followed by reddish-orange to chestnut-brown tints. The
peristome is dark; the columella white tinged with brown, while
the parietal callus usually agrees with the interior of the aperture
in color, varying from bluish white to pale slate-blue.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER BENGUETANA, new subspecies
PLATE 83, FIGURE 2
1891. Cochlostyia rufogaster Hipareo, Obras Malacologicas, p. 873, in part.
1898. Cochlostyla rufogastra MoOttmNporFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz, vol. 22,
p. 188, in part.
1912. Cochlostyla rufogaster MOLLENDORFF, Kobelt and Winter, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pt. 14, p. 287, in part.
This northern mountain race is elongate-ovate, with the whorls
rather inflated and rather strongly rounded at the summit. The
periphery of the last whorl is well rounded, showing no trace of
angulation. The unique type lacks the light peripheral zone. The
interior is bluish pearl gray and the peristonte pale chocolate-brown.
In the inflation and rounding of the summit of the whorls it resembles
Cochlostyla rufogaster montalbana, from which it is readily distin-
guished by its much narrower shape and lack of peripheral angu-
lation.
Type—uvU.S.N.M. No. 208212, from Trinidad, Benguet Province,
Luzon. It has 6.1 whorls, and measures: Height, 76.2 mm; greater
diameter, 50.7 mm.
Remarks—The references cited above refer to members of this
species in the general region from which the type came, and I believe
belong to this subspecies.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER JUANI, new subspecies
PLATE 85, Figure 1
Shell rather broadly ovate with the whorls somewhat inflated and
rather well rounded, particularly so near the summit. The periph-
eral light zone is not overly strongly emphasized in the 15 shells be-
PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS 331
fore us. In seven of them there is not a trace of it, and none shows it
when decorticated. The last whorl is very dark chestnut-brown,
while the peristome and the major portion of the columella are almost
black. The inside of the aperture is equally dark, bluish pearl gray—
darker than those in any other race before us.
This race seems nearest to Cochlostyla rufogaster rufogaster, from
which it is easily distinguished by its much darker coloration and the
lack of the conspicuous peripheral band in the decorticated shell.
The peripheral angle is also almost absent.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 313002, as well as all the specimens before
us, was collected at Novaliches, northeast Rizal Province, Luzon. It
has 5.9 whorls, and measures: Height, 64.3 mm; greater diameter,
48.1 mm.
Remarks.—The rest of these specimens yield the following data:
Number of whorls Height eee Number of whorls Height are
Mm Mm Mm Mm
Oral yg Le aNGhy 65. 7 455 6111630. 94 bee. Ar Lge 62. 2 43. 8
Gl 2s Rae Cee ee oh 63. 4 AS” OM Gu aice ek 8 aie Leas 56. 9 43. 9
Gales a eee a hae Gle 5 ASE [RO Lite ye teas eer pa 61. 3 44,3
6221 _. eaggiiesees 62. 8 Abr Opt iGeOy ses 2 biwens gery 68. 7 53, 2
Ores tepe as one. 65. 4 AS OF) | ips Deeps ona ek phar 61.5 41.8
EZ EMCEE Oats 5 LAD 65. 4 LENS || eee ee eee ag 56. 2 42.3
Gp (ete at eat vay i 62. 0 ASH) SUQEEA «Ro dab bogs ee 49. 6 36. 7
The last specimen was severely injured at an early stage and is
decidedly dwarfed and abnormal.
Nine of these specimens were collected by F. Juan, for whom I
have named the race; the rest were secured by A. Duyag.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER MONTALBANA, new subspecies
PLATE 83, FIGURE 1
1846. Bulimus rufogester Preirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 2d
ed., vol. 1, Abth. 12; Theil 2, pp. 164-165, in part, pl. 50, fig. 21.
1850. Bulimus rufogaster Remve, Conchologia Iconica, species 4, in part.
1851. Bulimus rufogaster DEsSHAYES, Ferussac’s Histoire naturelle mollusques,
vol. 1, p. 9, in part, pl. 116, figs. 3, 6.
1890. Cochlostyla rufogaster Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 207, in part,
pl. 48, fig. 26.
1891. Cochlostyla rufogaster Hiparco, Obras Malacologicas, p. 373, in part, pl.
61, fig. 57; pl. 105, fig. 5.
This race is rather large and broadly ovate. It has an obsolete
peripheral angle, and a light zone may or may not be present at this
place under the periostracum. It suggests most nearly Cochlostyla
332 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
rufogaster manilana, but differs from it in being broader and in
having the whorls more inflated.
Specimens examined.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 255859, was col-
lected by me at Montalban, Rizal Province, Luzon. It has 6.1
whorls, and measures: Height, 75.2 mm; greater diameter, 52.3
mm. Another specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 256084, also collected by me
at the type locality, has 6.1 whorls, and measures: Height, 69.3 mm;
greater diameter, 53 mm. Two specimens from the type locality
collected by LeRoy Topping also have each 6.1 whorls, and measure :
Height, 71.8 and 70.8 mm; greater diameter, 53.2 and 52.8 mm,
respectively. In addition to this there are a number of shells present
that are not quite mature.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER ANTIPOLANA, new subspecies
PLATE 85, FIGURE 2
1891. Cochlostyla rufogaster Hipatco, Obras Malacologicas, pp. 372-3874, in
part.
Shell small, broadly ovate, obscurely angulated at the periphery.
Peripheral light band narrow, bordered posteriorly by a dark zone.
The light zone is scarcely indicated in decorticated specimens. In-
terior bluish pearly; peristome chocolate-brown; pillar axially mot-
tled with brown.
Specimens examined.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 240246, was col-
lected by LeRoy Topping at Antipolo, Rizal Province, Luzon. It
has 6.1 whorls, and measures: Height, 58.7 mm; greater diameter,
48.3 mm. U.S.N.M. No. 255985 contains two specimens collected by
myself near the falls at Antipolo. These measure:
wt Greater
Number of whorls Height ainnietice
Mm Mm
GoD te ebealepe ak 56. 2 39. 2
Py Ie pel ce Ea ld lig Sb 41.6
In its small size this race approaches Cochlostyla rufogaster
monozona Pfeiffer. It is, however, more broadly ovate and has the
periphery much more strongly angulated.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER MONOZONA (Pfeiffer)
PLATE 84, Ficures 1, 2
1846. Bulimus monozonus PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
2D oae
1848. Bulimus monozonus PFEIFFER, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, p. 110.
PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS BE
1850. Bulimus monozonus PFEIFFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 2d
ed., vol. 1, Abth. 12, Theil 2, 159, t. 46, figs. 7, 8.
1851. Bulimus monozonus Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, pl. 32, fig. 195.
1853. Bulimus monozonus PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
3, Dp. 296.
1858. Bulimus monozonus H. and A. ADAMS, Genera of recent Mollusca, vol. 2,
p. 142.
1860. Orthostylus monozona MARTENS, Albers, Die Heliceen, 2d ed., p. 178.
1868. Bulimus monozonus PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
6, p. 6.
1868. Cochlostyla monozonus PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium,
vol. 6, p. 6.
1872. Orthostyla. monozonus V. MARTENS, Malacozool. Bliit., vol. 20, p. 178.
1874. Cochlostyla monozona SpMPER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt.
2, vol. 3, p. 205, in part.
1876. Bulimus monozonus PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 8,
in part, p. 7.
1876. Cochlostyla monozona PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
8, in part, p. 7.
1887. Cochlostyla rufogaster Hipateo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, pp. 160-1, in
part.
1890. Cochlostyla rufogaster Pruspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, pp. 207-8, in
part, pl. 45, fig. 47. ’
1891. Cochlostyla rufogaster Hipateo, Obras Malacologicas, pp. 3872-4.
1894. Helicostyla rufogastra monozonus Pi~sBry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9,.
p22:
1896. Helicostyla rufogastra monozonus ELERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la
fauna Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 593, in part.
1898. Cochlostyla rufogastra MOLLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz, vol. 22,
p. 188, in part.
1912. Cochlostyla rufogastra MOLLENDORFF, Kobelt and Winter, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pt. 14, p. 287.
This is the small race said to come from Manila. Our specimens
show the pale yellow, rather broad peripheral zone when the perios-
tracum is removed. The shell is much more oval than in Cochlostyla
rufogaster antipolana, and the periphery of the last whorl] has the
merest indication of an angulation.
Specimens examined.—The specimen described and figured is one
of two, U.S.N.M. No. 66178, collected by J. B. Steere at Manila. It
has six whorls, and measures: Height, 49.2 mm; greater diameter,
35.3mm. ‘The other shell also has six whorls, and measures: Height,
48.2 mm; greater diameter, 37.7 mm. Two additional specimens
collected by Febiger, U.S.N.M. No. 105247, also come from Manila.
One of these is not quite adult. The adult shell has 5.9 whorls, and
measures: Height, 47 mm; greater diameter, 34.2 mm.
U.S.N.M. No. 815681 contains a specimen from the Evezard col-
lection, which belongs here. This has 5.7 whorls, and measures:
Height, 52 mm; greater diameter, 39.3 mm.
334 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER MANILANA, new subspecies
PLATE 84, Ficure 4
1867. Cochlostyla rufogaster MARTENS, Die preussische Expedition nach Ost.-
Asien, vol. 2, p. 92, in part.
1890. Cochlostyla rujogaster Pruspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 207, in part,
pl. 48, fig. 27.
1891. Cochlostyla rufogaster Hipatao, Obras Malacologicas, p. 378, in part, pl.
61, fig. 4.
1896. Orthostyla rufogaster ELEeRA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna Fili-
pinas, p. 593, in part.
In this race the shell is elongate-ovate. The aperture is rather
flaring and the periphery obtusely angulated. A light zone may or
may not be present at the periphery when the periostracum is re-
moved. The peristome is chocolate-brown. The shell differs from
Cochlostyla rufogaster monozona in being much larger and in having
the periphery angulated. It differs from Cochlostyla rufogaster an-
tipolana and Cochlostyla rufogaster montalbana in being less broadly
ovate,
I believe that this race will be found in most collections labeled
Cochlostyla rufogaster.
Specimens examined.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 310305, figured, is
one of two collected by the Exploring Expedition at Manila. It has
6.3 whorls, and measures: Height, 69 mm; greater diameter, 47.5 mm.
The other specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 7611, has 6.2 whorls, and measures:
Height: 70.5 mm; greater diameter, 50.7 mm. There are 12 addi-
tional specimens in the collection, which undoubtedly belong here,
received mostly from the old collectors and labeled Philippine
Islands or Luzon. I am not giving measurements of these because
specific locality data are missing.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER RUFOGASTER (Lesson)
PLATE 83, FicuRrES 3, 4; PLATE 84, FIGURE 3
1831. Helix (Bulima) rufogaster Lesson, Illustrations de zoologie, pl. 22.
1837. Orthostylus rufogaster Beck, Index molluscorum praesentis aevi musei
principis Chr, Frederici, p. 49, no. 6.
1842. Bulimus rufogaster PFEIFFER, Symbolae, vol. 3, p. 85.
1846. Bulimus rufogaster PretIrrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 2d
ed., vol. 1, Abth. 12, Theil 2, pp. 164-165, in part.
1848. Bulimus rufogaster Pretrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 11,
p. 6, in part.
1849, Bulimas rufogaster Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, species 4, in part.
1850. Bulimus rufogaster AuBers, Die Heliceen, 1st ed., p. 135.
1851. Bulimus rufogaster DESHAYES, Ferussac’s histoire naturelle mollusques,
vol. 1, p. 9.
1853. Bulimus rufogaster PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
p. 295, in part.
eee
PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS 335
1858. Cochlostyla rufogaster H. and A. Apams, Genera of recent Mollusca, vol. 2,
p. 142.
1859. Bulimus rufogaster Pretrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol, 4,
p. 357.
1859. Cochlostyla rufogaster PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
4, p. 858.
1860. Orthostyla rufogaster Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, 2d ed., p. 178.
1867. Cochlostyla rufogaster Martens, Die preussische Expedition nach Ost.-
Asien, vol. 2, p. 92, in part.
1868. Bulimus rufogaster Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
6, p. 6.
1868. Cochlostyla rufogaster PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
6, p. 596.
1874. Cochlostyla rufogastra SrEmMpER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2,
vol. 3, p..202, in part.
1876. Bulimus rufogastra PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 8,
DaiG:
1876. Cochlosiyla rufogastra PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
8, p. 682.
1883. Cochlostyla rufogastra PAnTEL, Catalog der Conchylien-sammlung, 2d ed.,
p. 97.
1887. Cochlostyla rufogaster Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, pp. 160-161, in
part.
1890. Cochlostyla rufogaster PruspRy, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 7, p. 207, in part,
fig. 7.
1891. Cochlostyla rufogaster monozona Hipateo, Obras Malacologicas, pp. 372-4,
in part, pl. 61, fig. 3.
1894. Helicostyla rufogastra Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 227.
1896. Orthostyla rufogaster ELERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna Fili-
pinas, p. 593, in part.
1898. Cochlostyla rufogastra MOLLENDorFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
p. 138, in part.
1912. Cochlostyla rufogastra MOLLENDoRFF, Kobelt and Winter, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pt. 14, pp. 286-7, pl. 61, figs. 1, 2, in
part.
The only shell in our collection that resembles Lesson’s figure (see
pl. 83, figs. 3 and 4), is also a worn specimen that I collected at Mari-
veles, Bataan Province, Luzon (pl. 84, fig. 3). The harbor of Mari-
veles at the entrance to Manila Bay must have been visited often by
sailing vessels in the days of old, and it seems quite possible that the
shell described by Lesson from the collection of the Duke of Rivoli
may have come from there, and I shall so consider it here. It is also
possible that those cited by various authors as coming from Zambales
belong here. In fact this seems more than probable, since the Zam-
bales mountain range is faunistically quite distinct, being well
separated from the mountains to the east by flat plains regions.
‘The typical race is elongate-ovate. The early whorls in the de-
corticated shell are flesh colored, gradually tending toward rufous
336 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
on the base. There is a conspicuous broad light zone at the periph-
ery, which is well rounded. The peristome is very dark brown.
The elongate, almost conic form, the large size, rounded periphery,
and very dark peristome are its distinctive characters.
Remarks.—Lesson gives 3 pouces as the height of the shell, which
is equivalent to 81.21 mm; its greater diameter is said to be 21 lignes
(=47.38 mm), while the height of the aperture is 19 lignes (= 42.86
mm) ; diameter of aperture, 14 hgnes (=31.58 mm).
Our shell, U.S.N.M. No. 256076, has 6.1 whorls, and measures:
Height, 74.6 mm; greater diameter, 51.5 mm; height of aperture, 41.4
mm; diameter of aperture, 29.6 mm.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER BANAHAOANA, new subspecies
PLATE 85, FicurE 4
1891. Cochlostyla rufogaster HipaLeo, Obras Malacologicas, p. 373, in part.
Shell broadly ovate with a decided angle at the periphery of the
last whorl, which may or may not have a yellowish spiral band when
denuded of its periostracum. The race is nearest to Cochlostyla
rufogaster montalbana, but differs from it by having the periphery
much more angulated. The interior of the aperture and peristome
is also much darker.
Specimens examined—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 255968, was col-
lected by myself at Majayjay, Santa Cruz Province, Luzon. It has
6.1 whorls, and measures: Height, 73 mm; greater diameter, 52 mm.
I have additional immature specimens from the same general region,
which agree with the type as far as parallel growth and marking are
concerned.
This may be the shell that Hidalgo reports from Lucban, a locality
also in the Mount Banahao region.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER TOPPINGI, new subspecies
PLATE 85, FIGURE 3
This is the giant race that occupies Mount Maquiling in Laguna
Province, Luzon. It is very elongate-ovate in shape. The three
specimens before us all lack the light peripheral zone when the
periostracum is removed. The periphery is feebly angulated. The
peristome is very dark chocolate-brown and the columella is axially
streaked with brown. The interior is dark bluish pearly gray.
Specimens examined—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 310514, was col-
lected by LeRoy Topping at Mount Maquiling. It has 7 whoris,
and measures: Height, 91.8 mm; greater diameter, 56 mm. Another
specimen, U. S. N. M. No. 311334, from the same locality, collected
PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS 0. Gee
by Dr. C. F. Baker, also has 7 whorls, and measures: Height,
87.7 mm; greater diameter, 58.4 mm, while a third, U.S.N.M. No.
255864, from the same place, collected by myself, has 6.5 whorls, and
measures: Height, 87.5 mm; greater diameter, 56.9 mm.
Remarks.—The huge size alone at once distinguishes this race
from all the others.
COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER, subspecies?
A number of immature specimens from localities not embraced
specifically in the races here treated indicate by their distinct fea-
tures that they require subspecific recognition, but this will have to
await the arrival of more complete material than that at hand. Very
distinct from the races treated seem to be some specimens from Pam-
panga Province, Sibul Springs, Bulacan Province, and Mount Polio,
Banaue, Nueva Vizcaya, a locality unknown to me.
Then, too, the references of the early writers to Cochlostyla rufo-
gaster from localities distant from those from which our material
has come indicate further collecting and research in these places.
For example, Semper in 1874 in his Reisen im Archipel der Phil-
ippinen, reports the species from Baler, which is on the east coast
in the northeast corner of Tayabas Province, Luzon, a long dis-
tance from any of the races that I recognize. This will undoubtedly
prove distinct.
Hidalgo, in his Obras Malacologicas in 1891, reports in addition to
many of the recognized races, specimens of Cochlostyla rufogaster
from Dingalan, Tayabas; La Union (Camarines Sur ?), Pangas-
inan; Tarlac; Zambales; Morong, Rizal Province and Batangas,
from none of which I have seen material. Those cited by him from
northern Luzon under this name belong to a distinct species.
Von Mollendorff repeats citing the above in the Abhandlungen der
naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu G6rlitz in 1898, under the species.
It is to be hoped that these notes will call attention to the need of
adequate material from the places mentioned, the securing of which
will give us a better understanding of the range of the species and its
races,
OBBA MARMORATA AND ITS RACES
A recent sending of a collection of land shells to the National
Museum by the Philippine Bureau of Science for identification and
report made it necessary to subject Obba marmorata to a critical
review, with the result that some shifting of older names as usually
conceived became necessary, and a number of new zoogeographic
races required defining.
338 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
OBBA MARMORATA (Von Mollendorff)
This mollusk was described by Von Méllendorff as a subspecies of
Obbina planulata Lamarck. The large collections in the United
States National Museum demonstrate plainly not only that it should
be recognized as a distinct species but also that we must recognize
a number of zoogeographic races, which are herein defined.
Obba marmorata varies in shape from broadly conic to depressed-
helicoid. The last whorl is obscurely angulated at the periphery,
and the last half of the turn has a second obscure angulation between
this and the summit, the space between the two being somewhat
flattened, while the whorl between the summit and first angulation
is well rounded. The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather
rough, irregular, and retractively curved incremental lines, which
in some of the races almost amount to ribs. In addition to these,
the surface is marked by irregular and irregularly spaced impressed
lines, which are more or less spiral in arrangement on the early turns,
but which on the later whorls assume the form of oblique or zigzag
wrinkles. The base is always well rounded and openly unbilicated,
the umbilicus being partly closed by the reflected inner lip. The
peristome is white, thickened, expanded, and reflected. A tooth is
present near the middle of the basal lip.
The ground color is flesh color, in some with a yellowish tinge,
marbled and variegated with brown. There is a tendency, or even
a stronger expression in some races, to the formation of a peripheral,
superperipheral, and basal spiral band.
The species ranges from Ilocos Sur south through Benguet, Pan-
gasinan, Nueva Ecija, and Rizal Provinces, Luzon, and the smallest
race of the species Obba marmorata ilinensis, new subspecies, comes
from the little island Ilin south of Mindoro.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF OBBA MARMORATA VON MOLLENDORFF
Periphery of last whorl with a decided angle.
Greater diameter more than 31 mm____~_-_______/____--___-_- bolinaoana
Greater diameter ‘lessithan 18 Imm 4202 sJoe aloe ee oes benguetana
Periphery of last whorl without a decided angle.
Shell broadly conic.
Greater diameter more’ thantes) MM as See ee marmorata
Greater diameter Jess than | 25)mmis 2 ese. ee eee eee ecijana
Shell not broadly conic.
Shell depressed-helicoid.
Greater diameter more than 27 mimi. 4-2 rizalana
Greater diameter less than 25 mm___u______________ = ilinensis
PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS 339
OBBA MARMORATA BOLINAOANA, new subspecies
PLATE 86, FIGURE 5
In this race the periphery of the last whorl is decidedly angulated,
and the base is much less inflated than in the typical form. It re-
sembles most nearly Obba marmorata benguetana, from which it
differs by being larger and smoother, in having a larger umbilicus, a
much stronger peristome, and a much larger aperture; it also has a
much paler color pattern.
Lype—vU. S. N. M. No. 116345 has 4.8 whorls, and measures:
Height, 17.5 mm; greater diameter, 31.9 mm; lesser diameter, 24.3
mm. It was collected by Cuming at Bolinao, on the northwestern
point of Pangasinan Province, Luzon.
OBBA MARMORATA BENGUETANA, new subspecies
PLATE 86, FIGURE 4
This is the smallest known race with the sharp angulation of the
periphery and the poorly rounded base. It is much thinner and
darker colored than Obba marmorata bolinaoana. Its umbilicus and
the aperture are smaller, the peristome is much less strongly devel-
oped, and the under surface of the last whorl is ever so much more
strongly wrinkled.
Type —uU.S.N.M. No. 256484 has 5 whorls, and measures: Height,
13.7 mm; greater diameter, 27.3 mm; lesser diameter, 21.8 mm. It
was collected by Dr. E. A. Mearns at an altitude of 5,000 feet at
Baguio, Benguet Province, Luzon.
Additional material.—F our topotypes, U.S.N.M. No. 256563, yield
the following additional measurements:
S : Greater diam-| Lesser,;diam-
Number of whorls Height eter eter
Millimeters Millimeters Millimeters
os beep ee eae 13. 8 NGM2 Ide
DO fer as 13. 9 17. 8 11.9
pee Na Bes oly 14.0 16.8 121
AF Ose e t hetee y eetae ean 15.9 1)
OBBA MARMORATA MARMORATA (Von Mollendorff)
PLATE 86, FIGURE 6
1898. Obbina planulata marmorata VoN MOLLENDoRFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gir-
litz, vol. 22, p. &5.
1905. Obbina planulata marmorata Von MOLLENDORFF, Kobelt and Winter,
Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 20) pl Fd, ie. 3:
340 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
This is the large, comparatively pale, race that Von Mollendorff
states (/oc. cit.) comes from Llocos Sur, Abra, Benguet, and Tiagan.
I suspect that Benguet as given by him is really Bangued in Abra
Province, which would make the distribution cited a compact and
not a discontinuous one. Our shells from Benguet represent a much
smaller race, upon which, had Von Mollendorff possessed specimens,
he would not have hesitated to bestow a name.
Specimens ewamined.—The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 312998,
was collected by Quadras on Mount Bulagao, Ilocos Sur, Luzon. It
has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 18.4 mm; greater diameter,
36.8 mm); lesser diameter, 27.5 mm. Two additional specimens,
U.S.N.M. No. 116332, collected by Cuming in “ Luzon,” have each
4.2 whorls. They measure: Height, 19.5 and 20 mm; greater diam-
eter, 34.9, 35.6, and lesser diameter, 28.2, 27.4 mm, respectively.
OBBA MARMORATA ECIJANA, new subspecies
PLATE 86, FIGURE 1
In this race the periphery of the last whorl is not strongly angu-
lated, but appears as a slender thread. The base is rather inflated
and well rounded. The shell is decidedly elevated and broadly conic.
The aperture is large and broadly oval. The wrinkles are strongly
developed both on the upper and basal surface. In size it approaches
Obba marmorata rizalana, but it can be at once distinguished from
that by its much more elevated spire and coarse wrinkled sculpture,
which is almost obsolete in Obba marmorata rizalana.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 812996 has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height,
18.2 mm; greater diameter, 31.8 mm; lesser diameter, 24.7 mm. It
was collected at Lupao, Nueva Ecija, Luzon.
Additional material—F¥our topotypes, U.S.N.M. No. 312997, yield
the following additional measurements:
Number of whorls Height Greater ae Tesshs alam
PKCISE ARE MITE ART
Millimeters | Millimeters Millimeters
By Puli Sah LAA Se Nan ed aro | 3l°8 24.8
SAG ccd ee eg 18. 8 | 29. 9 Dee
Do Ae ee a ei eh ne G7, | 29.9 awe
5. Sethe HR ae yas 18. 4 | 31.3 24.4
|
OBBA MARMORATA RIZALANA, new subspecies
PLATE 86, FiGuRE 2
This is a dark-colored race of depressed-helicoid shape. It belongs
to the group in which the periphery is not conspicuously angulated
PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS 341
and in which the base is slightly inflated and well rounded. The
incremental sculpture is almost riblike and decidedly retractively
curved on the last whorl, but the impressed wrinkles are only poorly
shown. It can be at once distinguished from Obba marmorata
ecijana by its being decidedly depressed, by having the aperture
much smaller and much more narrowly oval, and by having the
base almost free from wrinkles.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 312999 has 5 whorls, and measures: Height,
14mm; greater diameter, 28.7 mm; lesser diameter, 22.2 mm. It was
collected by F. Juan at Novaliches, Rizal Province, Luzon.
Additional material—Thirteen topotypes are before me, six of
which are U.S.N.M. No. 313000; the other seven will be returned
to the Philippine Bureau of Science. These specimens yield the
following measurements:
Number of whorls Height Greater aa: Lesa cee
Millimeters Millimeters Millimeters
Be ee A Ria Le 8 13 29. 0 22.8
EA (Dee hak As NA 14, 2 28. 2 21.8
ATM Re ee Lae yet 13. 8 28. 2 22.0
AAC) MMi peta er ae ods kad 14.3 28. 0 22. 3
ANG SU ey fea wy Bd ML BN Sse 29. 1 22. 6
Aly ei Moines ueGilar RNS 2 13. 8 21.3 212
AS Sune SL MWR LI aca tw 1a 27. 4 21.8
Ae rien ss (opened SG 3 13. 8 29. 1 22.6
Bynes ges au a 14. 3 28. 9 22. 2
A Bie VARs 627 13. 4 DilenD 21.3
A QC a ete eI 14.0 29. 2 22. 4
Sy se 8 my 14.8 28. 5 22S
ro a) Rae Lo tae 22 21.7
OBBA MARMORATA ILINENSIS, new subspecies
PLATE 86, FicurH 3
This is the smallest race of this species. Its distribution is rather
interesting, and it is quite possible that careful collection in Mindoro
will show races of it eventually. It is a pale race, the shell being
rather broadly conic. The periphery of the last whorl is rather
rounded than angulated, but an obsolete indication of angulation is
present. The incremental lines on the upper and lower surface are
not so rough as in the other races, and the wrinkling of both surfaces
resembles scratches more than the strong wrinkles of some of its
other subspecies. The aperture is oval, and moderately broad, and
the peristome is strongly expanded and reflected on the outer and
basal lips. The umbilicus is narrow and half covered by the re-
flection of the inner lip.
342 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Type.—The unique type, U.S.N.M. No. 318001, was donated by
Walter F. Webb. It comes from Ilin Island, which lies a short
distance off the south coast of Mindoro. It has 4.8 whorls, and
measures: Height, 13 mm; greater diameter, 14.2 mm; lesser diame-
ter, 19 mm.
O
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BU EE ING lOO; © EG PAR Zen Pie Avr 8S
RACES OF COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER
1, Cochlostyla rufogaster montalbana; 2, C. r. benguetana; 3, 4, C. r. rufogaster, copy of Lesson’s figure.
Slightly reduced.
BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 7 PLATE 84
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
RACES OF COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER
1, Cochlostyla rufogaster monozona, COpy of Pfeiffer’s figure; 2, C. 7. monozona; 3, C.T. rufogaster; 4, C.
r. manilana. Slightly reduced.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 7 PLATE 85
RACES OF COCHLOSTYLA RUFOGASTER
1, Cochlostyla rufogaster juani; 2, C. r. antipolana; 3, C. r. toppingi; 4, C. r. banahaoana. Slightly
reduced.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 7 PLATE 86
OBBA MARMORATA AND ITS RACES
1, Obba marmorate ecijana; 2, O. m. rizalana; 3, O. m. ilinensis; 4, O. m. benguetana; 5, O.
ana; 6, O. m. marmorata. Slightly reduced.
m. bolinao-
Ta eR ns
ae oa
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 8 PL. 87
RELIEF MAP OF MINDORO PROVINCE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, SHOWING LOCAL-
ITIES FROM WHICH SPECIMENS OF OBBA WERE OBTAINED
THE LAND SHELLS OF THE GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO
PROVINCE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
By Pau Bartscu
Curator, Division of Mollusks and Cenozoic Invertebrates, United States National
Museum
Recent sendings to the United States National Museum of land
mollusks from Mindoro Province, Philippine Islands, for identifica-
tion have made it necessary to subject those belonging to the genus
Obba to a critical review; the results thereof are expressed in the
following pages.
Mindoro Province includes besides the main island a number of
lesser isles and islets, and in order to get an adequate understanding
of the distribution of the various races of the species here discussed,
a relief map is here reproduced (pl. 87). It is hoped that this may
stimulate collectors to search for these and other land shells on the
small islands from which no mollusks have been reported. Such a
search is sure to produce rich results.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OBBA REPORTED FROM MINDORO PROVINCE
Shell acutely keeled at the periphery.
Periphery within dark band} «3.24. os eee dee oabSeeise gallinula.
Ecriphenn without Gark pand. 22.20 94 PNT ee eee Se listeri,
Shell not acutely keeled at the periphery.
Shell angulated or rounded at the periphery.
Reriphenyawau a GOarke 7 OMCs aan a ea ee nee ee subhorizontalis.
Periphery without a dark zone.
Conspicuous brown marking absent__-_----_--------- sarcochroa,
Conspicuous brown marking not absent.
Subsutural interrupted brown band present_____-- -~ _- mesai.
Subsutural interrupted brown band absent.
Uppernisuriace very, rough- 22. 2-22 ee marmorata.
Upper surface not very rough.
Upper surface rather smooth__-_--_-_-- _ planulata.
OBBA GALLINULA BARTHELOWI, new subspecies
PLATE 88, FiauRE 1
The shell is lenticular, strongly carinated at the periphery, rather
broadly umbilicated. The nuclear whorls are flesh-colored; post-
nuclear whorls of pale horn-colored ground color with a broad zone
halfway between the summit and the periphery, and a rather broader
peripheral zone of brown, which extends both on the upper and lower
surfaces in equal width and an almost median basal band, which is
343
344 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
about twice as wide as that on the spire. In addition to this, the
whorls are vermiculated by diaphanous zigzag lines on both the upper
and lower surfaces. On the lower surface this element seems confined
between the peripheral and median basal dark zones. The peristome
is white. The dark bands show on the inside of the outer lip. Nu-
clear whorls 1.3, marked by fine lines of growth and microscopic spiral
striations. The postnuclear whorls are slightly rounded and marked
by rather coarse incremental lines and microscopic spiral striations.
Both of these elements extend upon the base. In addition to this,
the anterior half of the whorls between summit and suture and the
equivalent basal portion are rather strongly malleated. The succeed-
ing turns fall below the keeled periphery of the preceding turn, but
in such a way as to form an almost continuous slope. The aperture
is oval. The peristome is somewhat inbent on the posterior half,
while that of the inner lip is expanded and reflected and on the parietal
wall covers about one-third of the umbilicus.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 256118, was collected by myself
on a hillside on the west side of Mansalay Bay. It has 4.6 whorls,
and measures: Height, 11 mm; greater diameter, 25.9 mm; lesser
diameter, 21 mm.
Remarks.—This race suggests closely Obba gallinula pagbilaoensis
Bartsch, from which it differs in being a little more lenticular; that
is, a little less inflated and smaller.
OBBA LISTER] (Gray)
Martin Lister in his ‘‘ Historiae sive Synopsis Methodicae Conchyli-
orum et Tabularum Anatomicarum,”’ published in 1770, figures on
Tabula 66 the underside of a shell that is not quite adult, which may
well represent this species.
John Edward Gray, in “A List and Description of Shells not Taken
Notice of by Lamarck,” published in 1825 in the Annals of Philosophy
(new ser., vol. 9, p. 412), has the line, ‘‘C. Listeri. List. t. 66, fa. 64,
Mus. Brit.,’’ which, translated, means that he here names the shell
which Lister figured as cited above Caracolla listert.
In 1841, W. J. Broderip published in the Proceedings of the Zoo-
logical Society of London (pp. 37, 38) a description of the shell and
a discussion of its relationship:
Helix (Carocolla) Listeri. Car. testé complanaté, umbilicatd; anfractibus 4,
lineits inerementi creberrimé striatis, ultimo maximo acuto; albido-fuscd maculis
brunneis guttatd, et brunneo uni-fasciatd; peritremate deorsim flexo auriculari,
albido; labit wnidentati margine acuto, antice lanceolato.
Long. %; lat. 1% poll.
Hab. ad Albay insulae Luzon, truncis arborum haerens.
Legit H. Cuming in sylvis.
Mr. Cuming had named this species Car. Gallina, but as it is designated as
Car. Listert on the boards of the British Museum, and as Lister appears to have
been the first who figured it, but apparently from an imperfect shell, the latter
name is retained.
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 345
In colour and in the direction of the form and shape of the aperture it bears
much resemblance to Helix auriculata, figured by Mr. Swainson (Zoological
Iilustrations, 1st series) from a specimen formerly in the cabinet of Mr. C. Dubois,
afterwards in mine, and now in the British Museum; but in H. auriculata the
whorls are comparatively rounded, and the body-whorl is quite round instead
of having a sharp edge. H. auriculata is besides, in many individuals, dimpled
with small depressions. These differences may be sufficient in the present state
of our knowledge to constitute specific distinction; but whether they are in
reality strong enough to form such a separation, may well be doubted. My
present impression is, that H. auriculata and H. Listeri are identical; but I shall
return to this subject when I have examined the whole of the cognate series in
Mr. Cuming’s collection.
Since he here cites Albay, Luzon, as the home of the species, I
shall follow this dictum and consider this the habitat for the restricted
typical subspecies. I am giving on Plate 88, Figure 5, photographs
of three views of a typical specimen from Albay.
Obba listert occupies a very wide range in the Philippine Archi-
pelago, and, like most widely distributed species, it breaks up into
a host of races, each of which occupies a limited zoogeographical
horizon. From the Mindoro Province I have no less than nine
before me, which I shall designate as subspecies. I believe that this
is by no means all the races of this species that will eventually have
to be recognized, for there are still a number of small islands within
the area under discussion from which no Obbas are as yet known,
and even the large island of Mindoro seems inadequately explored
as evidenced by the few spots from which material is at hand. The
unexplored reaches may therefore properly be expected to yield
more members of this species.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF OBBA LISTERI
Last whorl strongly malleated.
Axial sculpture Tole... 5.) eee 3s oS ee ee RO a a sibolonensis.
Axial sculpture not riblike.
Incised spiral lines of upper surface very strong_--_____- campoensis.
Incised spiral lines of upper surface not very strong.
Shell Mentiqularswiey Ase pasaas- eae: “evi a6 Fae halcona.
Shell not lenticular.
Shell depressed-helicoid.
Shel pale, aid tama ile eer i eee te eee nee ee minor.
Shellidark. and-large._. 2 = disigbe be cate mayabigana.
Last whorl not strongly malleated.
Last whorl acutely keeled.
IMaliGA Ronse -absemtigon babes= 5. 4 apn a yes ke smithi.
Malleations present-on, base --- 424. +--+. 4. <2 2. p-++ 455 recurvata.
Last whorl not acutely keeled.
Last whorl acutely angled.
Malleations present on base-.-._.......-.....----_- caloocana,
Malleations not present on base_.-..____._.______ subplanulata.
346 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
OBBA LISTERI SIBOLONENSIS, new subspecies
PLATE 88, Figure 2
The shell is smali, depressed-helicoid, with an acute peripheral keel.
The nuclear whorls 2, pale brown. The first half of the postnuclear
whorls is of the same color as the nuclear turns; the rest are of buffish
tinged flesh-colored ground color, streaked, spotted, and mottled
with brown. An ill-defined median interrupted brown band is
present on all the turns. The base is of pale buff ground color with
a well-developed brown spiral band two-thirds of the distance between
the periphery and the umbilicus anterior to the periphery. The de-
pressed malleations are also brown and give to the posterior half of
the underside of the last whorl a peculiar mottled appearance. The
nuclear whorls are marked by rather strong incremental lines and
microscopic spiral striations. The postnuclear whorls are strongly
keeled at the periphery and the succeeding turns falling below the
keel allow this to show as a slender band at the suture. They are
marked by strong riblike axial incremental elements and are heavily
malleated on the anterior two-thirds between the summit and the
suture. In addition to this, fine microscopic spiral striations are
present on the spire and also a still finer network of crisscross stria-
tions. The basal surface is marked by the continuations of the axial
riblike elements and rather strong malleations, which extend from the
periphery almost to the umbilical edge. In addition to this, rather
strong spiral striations are present, much stronger than those on the
upper surface and also the crisscross finer sculpture referred to above.
Aperture broadly oval; peristome thickened and reflected, covering
one-third of the umbilicus at the parietal wall.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382924, and five topotypes, U.S.
N.M. No. 382925, were collected by C. Canonizado on Sibolon
Island off southeastern Mindoro. The type has 4.5 whorls, and
measures: Height, 11 mm; greater diameter, 24.7 mm;_ lesser
diameter, 20.3 min.
Remarks.—The other five specimens yield the following measure-
ments:
7 aa G k S
Number of whorls Height treater Lesser
diameter diameter
Mm Mm Mm
ey rem ea his IRR a a ee 9. 3 2 Diet 19. 4
oF i cee pean ape ES Pi RI pt an a ba 10. 0 Deal 20. 0
A IGUNE EY DRE MNO Ramos NENT OPEN | 10. 8 Oo 19. 0
AN Girt, See Dann Ei ae TF ch eee 10. 9 24. 8 20%
BERS fw Oe el ails Peptic i ieee Sel oy ahr 10. 9 25. 3 Dee
This subspecies can at once be distinguished from all the other
members of the Province by the riblike axial sculpture.
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 347
OBBA LISTERI CAMPOENSIS, new subspecies
PLATE 88, FiaurE 4
Shell helicoid, broadly conic with an acute peripheral keel. The
two nuclear whorls are uniform pale brown and marked by fine incre-
mental lines. The remaining whorls are of brown ground color, which
becomes intensified on the succeeding whorls. This ground color is
broken up by areas of soiled flesh color, pale yellow, or buff, and in
spots almost pale orange, which blotch, streak, and fulgurate the upper
surface. In addition to this, the postnuclear whorls are marked by
a rather broad spiral brown band, the basal portion of which marks the
median portion of the turns between the summit and the periphery.
The base is of yellowish buff ground color. There is a broad, more or
less interrupted and irregular band of bright brown about one-third of
the distance between the periphery and the umbilicus. The mallea-
tions between this and the periphery and also those between the
periphery and the umbilicus are of a paler shade of brown. Peristome
flesh-colored, tinged with brown. Interior of outer lip brown with a
purplish tinge, darker at the bands described for the outside. The
postnuclear whorls are very strongly malleated; the malleations
extend over the entire upper surface, while on the base they become
weaker toward the umbilicus. In addition to the strong malleations,
the whorls are marked by irregular incremental lines and very strong
incised spiral lines, which are best shown on the next to the last turn.
On the base they are best expressed in the umbilicus and adjacent
area, being decidedly obscured toward the periphery by the mallea-
tions. The aperture is ovate; the peristome is rather strongly thick-
ened and reflected, covering about one-third of the umbilicus at the
parietal wall. The inner lip bears a slender tooth on its middle.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382926, was collected by C.
Canonizado, of the Philippine Bureau of Science, at Maestre de Campo
Island off east-central Mindoro. It has 4.5 whorls, and measures:
Height, 14.7 mm; greater diameter, 31.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.8
mm.
Remarks.—Four additional specimens from the same island yield the
following measurements:
Number of . Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. No. whorls Height diameter | diameter
5. 0 13. 8 30. 3
352926 | (topoty pes) 21) Sosa Gee eee 4 4.8 12. 9 29. 8 24. 9
4.8 13. 3 ol. 4 25.9
COU OS ee a 8 SR Apes ae ee 4.7 14. 0 29. 8 24. 3
348 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
This subspecies resembles most nearly Obba listeri mayabigana from
Mindoro, from which it differs in being much more elevated and in
having the malleations on the base extending far nearer the umbilicus.
O. 1. mayabigana also has a decided, fine, crisscross sculpture, which
appears to be absent in the present race.
GBBA LISTER! EALCONA, new subsrecies
PLATE 88, FicuRE 3
The shell is decidedly depressed-lenticular with a very acute pe-
ripheral keel and a broad, open umbilicus. The nuclear whorls are
flesh-colored; the postnuclear whorls are decidedly mottled, spotted,
and streaked with flesh color, pale brown, darker brown, crange, and
variations of these elements. A supramedian brown band encircles
the whorls on the upper surface. The base is rather inflated, yellowish
buff with a broad bright chestnut-colored band, which is a little
posterior to the middle between the periphery and the umbiicus. The
peristome is white with a buffish tinge. The inside of the outer lip is
very pale brown. ‘The first postnuclear whorl is marked by incremen-
tal lines and rather weak spiral striations; the remaining turns are
malleated, a little less strongly near the summit than the periphery.
They are also marked by strong incremental lines and rather feebly
incised spiral lines. The base slopes from near the umbilicus to the
acute periphery and is malleated to the edge of the umbilicus, the
malleations being stronger toward the periphery. It is also marked
by incremental lines and fine spiral striations. The latter are best
expressed about the umbilical area. Aperture somewhat polygonal,
very broad, with a decided dent at the peripheral angle. Peristome
thickened and reflected, covering about one-fourth of the umbilicus.
The inner lip with a conspicuous tooth on its middle.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382929, was collected by Col.
Edgar A. Mearns on Mount Halcon during his expedition to that
mountain in Mindoro. It has 4 whorls, and measures: Height, 9.9
mm; greater diameter, 27.4 mm; lesser diameter, 22.8 mm.
Remarks.—There are two additional fragments obtained on the
same expedition in our collection. They are registered as U.S.N.M.
Nos. 256542 and 256503.
This subspecies differs from all the other members of the region by
its depressed-lenticular form and the width of its umbilicus.
OBBA LISTERI MINOR (Millendorft)
Puate 89, Figure 2
1898. Obbina listeri minor MOLLENDORFF, nom. nud., Abh. Naturf. Ges. G6rlitz,
vol. 22, p. 86, in part.
1905. Obbina listeri minor MO6LLENDORFF, KOBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 22, in part, pl. 6,
fig. 2.
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 349
While the two references cited above report this subspecies from
Mindoro, Tablas, Romblon, and Sibuyan Islands, I wish now to
restrict it to Mindoro. Good and sufficient characters are to be found
in the abundant material before me from the other islands to warrant
their subspecific separation, which will be done at some future time.
The shell is depressed-helicoid with an acute peripheral keel and
moderately broad umbilicus. The nuclear whorls are flesh-colored
with a buffish tinge. The postnuclear turns are of flesh-colored
ground color, mottled, streaked, and variegated with various shades
of chestnut-brown. The base is flesh-colored and marked by a
broad interrupted spiral band of brown about one-third of the dis-
tance between the umbilicus and the periphery anterior to the periph-
ery. In addition to this, the maileations of the base are marked by a
weak wash of brown. The peristome is white and the inside of the
outer lip dusky brown with the darker band of darker color showing
through as a darker zone. The nuclear whorls are marked by fine
incremental lines and fine spiral striations, while the postnuclear
turns are also marked by rather strong incremental lines and mod-
erately strong incised spiral lines. They are also strongly malleated,
the malleations extending almost to the summit of the turns. In
addition to this, the surface is marked by very fine crisscross sculp-
ture, which is best expressed immediately behind the aperture. The
base is moderately convex, marked by moderately strong incremental
lines and moderately strong spiral striations, which are best expressed
in the umbilical area. In addition to this, it is covered with very
strong malleations, which extend from the periphery to the edge of
the umbilicus. The aperture is oval; the peristome is broadly ex-
panded and reflected, covering about one-third of the umbilicus at
the parietal wall. The inner lip bears a broad tooth on its middle.
The present subspecies is represented in our collection by two
specimens from the Cuming collection, U.S.N.M. No. 1169109.
These come from Mindoro without specific locality. They give the
following measurements:
Number of whorls Height Greater disin: Dogs Sai
* Mim Im Mm
ANT Sh go A a's. Re NE 10. 8 28. 0 Dane
AY SS ok OF ER Dee ea Ee RET Te 1A Be Ze 320
The present subspecies belongs to the strongly sculptured group.
It resembles O. 1. campoensis, from which it can at once be distin-
guished by its much smaller size and paler coloration.
350 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
OBBA LISTERI MAYABIGANA, new subspecies
Puate 89, Fiaure 1
The shell is rather large, depressed-helicoid, and acutely keeled at
the periphery. The nuclear whorls are of soiled flesh-color. The
ground color of the rest of the shell is also of this tint, but tinged with
buff. In addition to this, the upper surface of the whorls is variegated
and blotched and spotted with brown, among which the ground color
appears more or less in the shape of fulgurations. There is a supra-
median interrupted line of brown. The base is pale yellow with an
interrupted band of brown about one-third of the distance between
the periphery and the umbilicus anterior to the periphery. The
malleations between this brown band and the periphery are of a paler
shade of brown. The peristome is soiled white, and the interior of the
aperture is brown with a purplish tinge. The nuclear whorls are
marked with fine incremental lines and microscopic spiral striations.
The postnuclear whorls are strongly malleated, the malleations ex-
tending to the summit. In addition to this, they are marked by strong
incremental lines and fine crisscross sculpture, which is best shown
behind the aperture of the last turn. The base is marked by the con-
tinuation of the incremental lines and rather strong malleations, which
extend about halfway between the periphery and the umbilicus, the
umbilical portion being marked by incised spiral lines. The aperture is
irregularly oval; the peristomeis expanded and reflected, covering about
one-third the umbilicus. The inner lip bears a conspicuous tooth.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 322930, was collected by Pedro de
Mesa at Mayabig, Baco, Mindoro. It has 4.9 whorls, and measures:
Height, 13 mm; greater diameter, 33.3 mm; lesser diameter, 26.4 mm.
Remarks.—Thirteen topotypes, U.S.N.M. No. 382931, yield the
following measurements:
Niarabes of Height seeder diam- ar ae
Mm Mm Mm
4.8 1256 29. 9 25. 3
5. 0 Se 30. 0 21.3
4.8 15. 2 31. 6 25. 6
4.8 13. 8 29. 7 24. 6
5. 0 14.5 32. 1 26. 0
4.9 13. 6 31.8 25. 2
5. 0 15. 8 32. 0 26. 1
4.8 13. 4 30. 0 24. 3
5. 0 eZ Slo 25. 8
4.9 13. 3 ome 26. 0
4.9 lous 30. 8 25.5
oO) Goad oo. 26. 4
yl 13. 5 30. 1 26. 5
Average-__ 4, 923 14. 115 31. 677 25. 738
Greatest--_- 5. 1 16. 1 Sand Dies
Measure 4.8 12. 6 2ON 7 24. 3
|
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 351
This subspecies recalls O. 1. campoensis, but it is much less elevated
and differs in having the malleations on the base approaching the
umbilicus to a much lesser degree.
OBBA LISTERI SMITHI, new subspecies
PuaTtTe 89, Figure 5
The shell is large, lenticular, and acutely keeled at the periphery
with a narrow umbilicus. The coloration of the unique type, which
is a dead specimen, is problematical. It is flesh-colored with an
interrupted median band of blotches on each turn. There is also a
narrow interrupted band on the basal surface, about one-third of the
distance between the periphery and the umbilicus. The nuclear
whorls are well rounded, marked by fine incremental lines and micro-
scopic spiral striations. The postnuclear whorls are rather flattened
on the upper surface and decidedly keeled, the succeeding turns
falling below the keel. They are marked by retractively curved
incremental lines and spiral striations, which increase in size on the
turns, and on the last whorl! behind the aperture become exceedingly
strongly incised. What there is of malleation on the upper surface
is very weakly expressed. The base is slightly convex, marked by
incremental! lines and spiral striations, which are a little stronger
toward the periphery than toward the umbilicus, and are most
strongly developed immediately behind the aperture. The aperture
is oval, with the perisome expanded, thickened, and reflected to cover
about one-third of the umbilicus.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 256413, was collected by the
writer at Port Tilig, Lubang Island. It has 4.5 whorls, and measures:
Height, 12.5 mm; greater diameter, 35.3 mm; lesser diameter, 28.2 mm.
Remarks.—This is one of the most aberrant members of the listera
complex. Its exceedingly strong incised spiral lines behind the
aperture separate it from all the other members of the group.
I take pleasure in naming this subspecies for Dr. Hugh M. Smith,
who was deputy commissioner of the United States Bureau of Fish-
eries and director of the United States Bureau of Fisheries Albatross
Expedition to the Philippine Islands.
OBBA LISTERI RECURVATA (Méllendorff)
PLATE 89, Ficurss 38, 4
1896. Odba listert var. scalaris ELERA, nom. nud., Catalogo sistematico de toda
la fauna Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 522.
1898. Obbina listeri recurvata M6LLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz, vol. 22,
p. 86.
1898. Obbina listeri recurvata var. subscalaris M6LLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges.
Gorlitz, vol. 22, p. 86.
1905. Obbina listeri recurvata MOLLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pt. 1, pp. 22-23, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4.
352 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The shell is depressed-helicoid, almost lenticular. The early whorls
are flesh-colored, while the succeeding turns have the ground color
flesh-colored with a buffish tinge. The postnuclear whorls are, in
addition to this, blotched, spotted, and streaked with chestnut-brown,
the spotting forming more or less of an interrupted median band.
The base also has an interrupted spiral band of dots about two-fifths
of the distance between the periphery and the umbilicus. The
malleations on the basal side are also darker tinged. The peristome
is flesh-colored with a dusky tinge, while the outer lip is a little darker
with the darker streaks of the outside showing through conspicu-
ously. In this subspecies we have an enormous variation both as to
size and the curving of the peripheral keel. In some individuals the
succeeding turns fall far below the peripheral keel and produce a
decidedly scalariform effect. The periphera! keel may jut out in a
perfectly straight fashion or it may be upturned at the edge. Allin
all, there is a greater range of variation here than I have observed
anywhere else in the genus Obba. The nuclear sculpture consists of
fine incremental lines and microscopic spiral striations, while the
postnuclear whorls have the basal half malleated and the whole sur-
face marked by rather strong incremental lines and slender incised
spiral lines. In addition to this, there is a conspicuous crisscross
sculpture best developed on the last portion of the last whorl. The
base is somewhat inflated with rather feeble incremental lines and
moderately well-incised spiral striations. This also has malleations
between the brown band and the periphery, and is likewise provided
with a strong crisscross sculpture. The aperture is oval with the
peristome quite strongly expanded and reflected, covering about
one-third of the umbilicus. All our specimens are from the Island of
eS ats of Height ae og ee eae
Mm Mm Mm
14,8 18.6 LA 114.8
4.8 9. 6 22.,6 18. 1
4.9 Lie) 25. 4 20. 5
4.8 Sani 2200 18. 5
4.8 TONS 24. 6 19.8
5. 0 Wie 28. 7 2246
4.9 11. 6 24. 1 19. 1
5.0 tale, 24. 5 19. 6
4.8 10. O 22.0 18. 2
on 1280 24. 6 20. 3
4.8 10. 6 25. 6 19. 8
4.7 8. 6 ZOE 16.3
4.9 8. 4 19.8 Gre
Average ___ 4. 87 10. 25 23. 207 18. 746
rreatest___ oan 12. 0 28. 7 22. 6
heastso).. 3 4.7 8. 4 MV (Oud, 14.8
1T ype.
ee
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 393
Lubang. Six are recorded as U.S.N.M. No. 195646, of which the
specimen figured has 5 whorls, and measures: Height, 11 mm;
greater diameter, 24.5 mm; lesser diameter, 19.6 mm. The scalari-
form specimen that we have figured has 4.9 whoris, and measures:
Height, 8.4mm; greater diameter, 19.8 mm; lesser diameter, 16.1 mm.
The remaining 12 specimens yield measurements as given in the
table on the opposite page.
This subspecies, owing to its great variation in size and its peculiar
scalariform tendencics, of which indications are shown even in speci-
mens that do not have an elevated or scalarnform spire, is readily
differentiated from ail the others. The scalariform variations were
noted by von Mollendorff as cited, under the name of subscalaris, and
Elera probably had the same in mind when he used the name scalaris.
OBBA LISTERI CALOOCANA, new subspecies
PuaTE 90, FiaureE 1
The shell is small, depressed-helicoid, almost lenticular, with an
acute angle at the periphery. The nuclear whorls are pale brown;
the succeeding whorls fiesh-colored, spotted with blotches and
streaks of brown, of which one series forms a median interrupted
band and a second less conspicuous spiral zone between this and the
summit. The base is pale yellowish with a conspicuous interrupted
spiral band about one-third of the distance between the periphery
and the umbilicus anterior to the periphery. The early postnuclear
whorls are acutely keeled, and the summit of the succeeding turns
falls immediately below the periphery. They are marked by mod-
erately strong, retractively curved incremental lines and rather
conspicuous incised spiral lines. Likewise are they marked by in-
conspicuous malleations on the anterior half. These malleations are
not present on the last half of the last turn, but they are present
immediately below the periphery on the base, although here also but
weakly expressed. The fine crisscross sculpture is present on both
spire and base, and is best shown immediately behind the aperture.
The base is marked by the continuation of the axial riblets and
moderately strong incised spiral lines. The aperture is oval; the
peristome is strong, thickened, and reflected, covering about one-
third of the umbilicus.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382934, comes from Caloocan,
Mansalay, Mindoro. It has 4.8 whorls, and measures: Height, 11.9
mm; greater diameter, 27.7 mm; lesser diameter, 12.3 mm.
Remarks.—This subspecies resembles most nearly Obba listeri
subplanulata Méllendorff from Ambil Island. Like that it has a
decided peripheral angle, but not the usual extremely acute keel
present in Odba listerz. It has the conspicuous colored banding of
354 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
O. 1. subplanulata both on the upper and lower surfaces, which sug-
gests Obba mesai, but it differs from O. 1. subplanulata in having the
whorls more inflated, in having a broader umbilicus, and in having
malleations on both the upper and lower surfaces.
OBBA LISTERI SUBPLANULATA (Méllendarff)
PuatE 90, Figure 2
1898. Obbina listert subplanulata M6LLENDORFr, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
p. 86.
1905. Obbina listert subplanulata M6LLENDORFF, Kope.t, and WinTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 23, pl. 6, fig. 7.
The shell is small, not acutely keeled at the periphery, but rather
strongly angulated. The nuclear whorls are pale brown; the post-
nuclear whorls are of pale buff color with a series of rather large,
irregular, chestnut-brown spots midway between the summit and
the periphery of the turns, and a less conspicuous band halfway
between this and the summit. There are other lesser blotches also
present on the upper surface. The base is pale yellow, marked with
a broad interrupted band of brown spots about one-third of the dis-
tance between the periphery and the umbilicus anterior to the pe-
riphery. The peristome is white, while the interior of the outer lip is
pale brown with the external bands showing darker through the sub-
stance of the shell. The nuclear whorls are marked by fine incre-
mental lines and microscopic spiral striations. In the postnuclear
whorls the incremental lines and spiral striations become stronger
except on the last whorl, where the latter element somewhat weakens
and where the conspicuous crisscross sculpture presents itself. The
incremental lines extend on the lower surface, which is also marked
by fine spiral striations and crisscross sculpture. The aperture is
rather broadly ovate with the peristome expanded and reflected to
cover one-third of the umbilicus. There is a conspicuous broad fold
on the inside of the inner lip.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 382933, comes
from the Quadras collection and was collected on Ambil Island, the
type locality for this subspecies. It has 4.7 whorls, and measures:
Height, 11.5 mm; greater diameter, 28.1 mm; lesser diameter, 23.1 mm.
This subspecies strongly suggests the Obba mesai group in the con-
spicuous spotting of the interrupted spiral bands of the base. It
differs from the members of this group by the much more strongly
angulated periphery. In this respect it is much more closely allied to
Obba listeri. It is nearest related to O. l. caloocana from Caloocan,
from which it can at once be distinguished by the absence of the mallea-
tions on the base.
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 550
OBBA SUBHORIZONTALIS RADCLIFFEI, new subspecies
PLatE 90, Fiaure 3
While collecting on a hill bordering the shore of Mansalay Bay,
Mindoro, I found an Obba that resembles O. subhorizontalis in such
a remarkable way that had it come from the island of Sibuyan, the
type locality for the typical race, I would unhesitatingly have referred
it here. The separation of locality has caused me to subject it to the
most critical examination, with the result that I find that the base of
this shell is a little less rounded than that of the typical subspecies,
and the umbilicus is a little wider. There are also spiral striations
present on the anterior half of the base and in the umbilicus, which I
have not been able to observe in the typical race. I believe that these
are good and sufficient characters to consider this distinct from Obba
subhorizontalis subhorizontalis.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 256501, has 4.3 whorls, and meas-
ures: Height, 12 mm; greater diameter, 27.8 mm; lesser diameter,
22.6 mm.
Remarks.—I take pleasure in naming this race for Dr. Lewis
Radcliffe, deputy commissioner of the United States Bureau of
Fisheries, who was a member of our scientific staff during the United
States Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Expedition to the Philippine
Islands.
OBBA SARCOCHROA ILOGANA, new subspecies
PLATE 90, Ficur= 5
The shell is broadly conic and has a decided peripheral angle. The
umbilicus is half closed by the reflected inner lip. The general
ground color is soiled flesh-color. On the upper surface there is a
slender median brown thread, which extends from the end of the nu-
clear whorls to the last turn; on the latter itis absent. In addition to
the median brown band, the first 2.3 postnuclear whorls are marked
with a second less conspicuous spiral zone a little below the summit.
The first 1.5 postnuclear whorls are also much darker than the rest.
In addition to the spiral bands, the whorls are more or less mottled
with scattered faint blotches and axial streaks of brown on the upper
surface. The base is uniformly soiled flesh-color, while the peri-
stome is pale brown tinged with buff. The nuclear whorls are marked
by faint incremental lines and spiral striations. On the postnuclear
whorls both of these elements become a little intensified except on
the last whorl, where enfeebling again takes place, at least in the spiral
striations. The basa! third of the penultimate whor!s also shows an
irregular scratchy crisscross sculpture, which gives to that portion of
the whorl a somewhat malleated appearance. The base is slightly
rounded and marked by incremental lines and rather regularly spaced,
356 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
well-incised, wavy, spiral striations. The aperture is oval with the
peristome very strongly developed, expanded, thickened, and re-
flected, covering half of the umbilicus.
The type and eight specimens were collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Tara, Abra de Hog, northern Mindoro, Philippine Islands.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382700, has 4.9 whorls, and
measures: Altitude 17.7 mm; greater diameter, 28.9 mm; lesser
diameter, 23.3 mm.
Remarks.—The other eight specimens yield the following measure-
ments:
Nee of Height Cheater aise Vespelants
Mm Mm Mm
4.9 18. 6 31.0 24. 2
14.9 Lgl 128. 9 123. 3
5. 0 17.3 30. 1 23. 3
5. 0 15. 6 28. 5 22.8
5. 0 Geel 28. 7 23. 4
4.8 14. 9 28. 3 DOO
5: 2 16. 0 28. 1 Zowl
4.8 18. 0 Sie 25. 0
OF 14. 1 28. 3 22. 0
Average ___ 4. 967 16. 59 29. 21 23. 18
Greatest___ 2 18. 6 oleO 25. 0
Keast-2 22 2 4.8 14. 1 ZSo al 22a)
1 Type.
The present race can at once be distinguished from Obba sarcochroa
sarcochroa Mollendorff by the smaller size and much flatter shape.
OBBA MESAI, new species
Shell lenticular, umbilicated, pale buff or flesh-colored, with the
upper surface marbled and variegated with brown; the lower surface
with an interrupted band of brown at some little distance anterior to
the periphery. Peristome white or pale buff. Basal lip provided
with a poorly developed median tooth. Periphery of last whorl
obsoletely angled. The upper surface behind aperture is marked, in
addition to incremental and fine spiral lines, by two sets of very
regular microscopic incised lines, which are at right angles to each
other and which cut the lines of growth obliquely. I shall call these
crisscross lines in the key to the subspecies.
This species differs from Obba listeri in having the periphery scarcely
at all angulated, a character usually very pronounced in that species.
In the inflation and rounding of the periphery it resembles Obba
planulata more closely, from which the conspicuous interrupted basal
band will at once distinguish it.
The races recognized here are from the islands of Lubang, Ilin, and
probably southern Mindoro.
|
!
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO S57
The species is named for Pedro de Mesa, whose fine sending of the
typical races stimulated the present revision.
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF OBBA MESAI
Crisseross lines rather strongly developed on upper surface.
Crisscross sculpture on lower surface strong________________- sablayana.
Crisscross sculpture on lower surface obsolete____________________- richi.
Crisseross lines feebly developed on upper surface.
Spal Stra iOls StOn et seem ele me Be ae ee te I mesai.
Spinal SULtGLONEIOPNOLGOM =e yk queen a Re ee ee johnsoni.
OBBA MESAI SABLAYANA, new subspecies
PuaTE 91, Figure 3
The early whorls are of flesh-colored ground color; the later ones are
straw-colored, as is also the base. The interrupted dark zones and
mottlings occupy the major portion of the upper surface of the shell,
and are dark chestnut-brown; brighter on the early turns. The
peristome is soiled pale buff. Crisscross sculpture strongly developed
on both the upper and lower surfaces. The spiral striations are almost
obsolete on the upper surface of the last half of the last whorl and only
feebly expressed on the lower surface.
Type—tThe type, U.S.N.M. No. 382697, was collected on the
United States Bureau of Fisheries Albatross Expedition on Sablayan
River, southern Mindoro. It has 5 whorls, and measures: Height,
14.9 mm; greater diameter, 32.7 mm; lesser diameter, 25.1 mm.
Remarks.—Ten topotypes, U.S.N.M. No. 296929, yield the following
measurements:
ain ! ak | . Abe |
Number of Height eles fia Le on
Mm Mm Mm
mel: ei Sileei 24. 9
5. 0 2a 30. 6 24. 8
5. 0 Oral 30. 3 23. 9
5. 0 Sa 32. 8 26. 0
5. 0 13. 4 32. 4 25. 6
a 13. 0 a2. 2 25. 8
4.9 Sh ff 32. 3 25. 3
9.2 14. 4 30. 6 24. 4
5 0) 13. 0 30. 9 Zonk
5: 0 13. 4 32. 8 26. 0
PAVIA Oa 2) 6 Ne er Io Ne, 5. 04 Aiseee 31.7 25. 04
Greatest... 5 22. 2 Se ae ee 14, 4 oS 26. 0
heast\a: 2 sles ai ee ee 4,9 12.2 30. 3 23. 7
This subspecies belongs to the strongly crisscross sculptured group
of Obba mesai, which character it shares with O. m. richi, but in richi
the crisscross sculpture is obsolete on the base, while in the present
subspecies it is strongly developed there.
150038—33——_2
358 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
OBBA MESATI RICHI, new subspecies
PLATE 91, Figure 1
The ground color of the early whorls is flesh-color, while that of
the later turns is buff. The interrupted bands of brown and mottlings
are chestnut-brown. The peristome is soiled white. The spiral
striations are quite obsolete on the upper surface of the last half of
the last turn, but quite strongly developed on the base.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382698, has 4.9 whorls, and meas-
ures: Height, 13.2 mm; greater diameter, 29 mm; lesser diameter, 22
mm.
In the collection of the United States National Museum are two
lots of two each of shells of a race of Obba mesai about whose definite
locality I am in doubt. One of these, U.S.N.M. No. 21043, two
specimens collected by the United States Exploring Expedition, bears
the label ““P. I.” The other, U.S.N.M. No. 103967, collected by
Rich, bears the label ‘‘Luzon, Philippines.” One of these is now
reentered as U.S.N.M. No. 382698, the type.
Remarks.—The exploring expedition sent out a party from Manila
to Laguna de Bay, where it divided, one part visiting the region about
Los Bafos, including Mount Maquiling, the other pushing toward
Banahao, reaching at least Majayjay and Pagsanjan River. Rich,
Dana, and Brackenridge were in the Los Bajios party.
Since I have seen no specimens from Luzon that appear to belong
to the Obba mesai complex, I doubt if these were obtained here.
The general distribution of the species makes it much more likely that
these shells were obtained at the south end of Mindoro, which was
also visited by the expedition, and we assume that this was the case.
The topotype, U.S.N.M. No. 103967, has 5 whorls, and measures:
Height, 13.8 mm; greater diameter, 28.2 mm; lesser diameter, 22.2 mm.
The adult specimen marked ‘‘Exploring Expedition collection,”
U.S.N.M. No. 21043, has 5 whorls, and measures: Height, 15.3 mm;
ereater diameter, 30.2 mm; lesser diameter, 23 mm.
The present subspecies has the strong crisscross sculpture of Odbba
mesat sablayana on the upper surface of the last half of the last turn.
It is distinguished from it by practically lacking this element on the
basal surface.
OBBA MESAI MESAI, new subspecies
PuaTE 91, FicgurE 2
The typical race when alive is of pale buff ground color on the early
turns, deepening on the later and base. In dead specimens the
ground color is flesh-color. The dark interrupted bands and mot-
tlings are dark chestnut-brown, the peristome being buffish flesh-
colored. The crisscross markings are very fine, almost obsolete,
|
|
|
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 309
showing best immediately behind the peristome on the upper surface.
The spiral striations are conspicuous—more so on the basal portion
of the last turn than on its upper surface.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382694, has 5.1 whorls, and meas-
ures: Height, 13.3 mm; greater diameter, 29.7 mm; lesser diameter,
22.9mm. It was collected by Pedro de Mesa on Lubang Island.
Remarks.—Twenty-five topotypes, U.S.N.M. No. 382695, yield the
following additional measurements:
A aaBORIs wy hong aE dedowae aa ce
Mm Mm Mm
520 14.8 S02 22.9
4.9 16. 6 30. 8 Diseie
5. 0 14. 4 29. 7 D3
DL 12.8 26. 6 Ora
aah 15. 9 32. 6 19.3
nal 14. 4 29. 0 23. 0
5. 0 12. 4 27. 6 16. 2
eal 13. 6 29. 0 16. 3
eal 12.8 28. 8 D223
5. 0 12. 6 30. 9 225
5. 0 13. 9 Zee 21.0
oe Leal 28. 4 22. 0
5. 0 14. 4 Soul 25. 4
5.0 12 29. 0 22.8
5. 0 14.3 30. 8 DIET
4.9 13. 6 28. 8 22.5
a) 13. 4 28. 6 22. 5
on 16. 8 Seat 24. 5
5s il 14.3 29. 4 22. 6
4.9 13. 5 30. 3 23. 6
5. 0 13. 4 28.3 2250
5. 0 13. 4 29. 0 22. 4
5. 0 Aa 30. 8 23. 4
a0 1325 29. 9 22.8
abl 15. 9 33. 0 24. 8
Average___| 5. 02 14. 07 29. 76 22. 14
Greatest _ _ 5s2 16.8 Seal 25.14.
Least_—-=- 4,9 eel 26. 6 Gm
This subspecies is distinguished from the other three here recognized
by its feeble crisscross sculpture, which it has in common with Obba
mesai johnsont. From O. m. johnsoni it is easily distinguished by its
much stronger basal spiral sculpture.
OBBA MESATI JOHNSONI, new subspecies
PuatEe 92, Figure 4
The ground color is flesh-color with a buffish tinge. The inter-
rupted brown bands and mottlings are bright chestnut-colored, being
a little paler on the early than on the later turns. The peristome is
fiesh-colored with a buffish tinge. The crisscross markings are almost
360 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
obsolete, being apparent only on the upper suriace behind the peri-
stome. The spiral sculpture is poorly developed on both upper and
lower surface, but is a little stronger on the lower than the upper.
Type—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382699, comes from Ilin Island,
south of Mindero. It has 5 whorls, and measures: Height, 13 mm;
greater diameter, 29.2 mm; lesser diameter, 22.5 mm.
Remarks.—This subspecies, like Obba mesai mesai, has the crisscross
sculpture poorly developed. It is distinguished from 0. m. mesai by
having the spiral sculpture much less strongly developed.
I take pleasure in naming this for Rear Admiral Marbury Johnson,
who was in command of the Albatross during the first half of her
cruise in Philippine waters.
OBBA MARMORATA ILINENSIS Bartsch
Puate 90, FicgurRE 4
1932. Obba marmoraia ilinensis Bartscu, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 6, pt. 7,
p. 341, pl. 86, fig. 3.
This is the smallest race of this species. Its distribution is rather
interesting, and it is quite possible that careful collecting in Mindoro
will show races of it eventually. It is a pale race, the shell being
rather broadly conic. The periphery of the last whorl is rather
rounded than angulated, but an obsolete indication of angulation is
present. The incremental lines on the upper and lower surface are
not so rough as in the other races, and the wrinkling of both surfaces
resembles scratches more than the strong wrinkles of some of its other
subspecies. The aperture is oval, moderately broad, and the peristome
is strongly expanded and refiected on the outer and basal lips. The
umbilicus is narrow and half covered by the reflection of the inner hp.
The unique type, U.S.N.M. No. 313001, was donated by Walter
F. Webb. It comes from Ilin Island, which lies a short distance off
the south coast of Mindoro. It has 4.8 whorls, and measures: Height,
13 mm; greater diameter, 14.2 mm; lesser diameter, 19 mm.
OBBA PLANULATA (Lamarck)
Puate 92, Fiegurzs 1, 5
Obba planulata (Lamarck) was described in part 2, volume 6, page
73, of the ‘Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres,”’ in 1822.
No locality is cited as a habitat. In 1838, Deshayes, in his edition of
the same work, cites Férussac’s ‘‘Prodrome,’”’ page 69, and Férussac’s
“Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques,’’ where on pages 48 and 49 he
discusses [felix pianulata Lamarck and where he gives three figures
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 361
of it on Plate 73A, Figure 3. He cites here Philippine Islands as its
home.
These figures represent the giant form. A facsimile specimen is
represented in our Lea collection as U.S.N.M. No. 105990. I am
copying Férussac’s figures (pl. 92, fig. 1) and giving also similar
photographs of our shell (pl. 92, fig. 5), which, unfortunately, is also
without definite locality. The shell figured on Plate 9 and described
by Swainson in his ‘Zoological Hlustrations” in 1820 as Helix
auriculata appears to belong to the typical race and was most likely
received from the same source from which Lamarck obtained his speci-
men. Swainson states that he received it from Ch. Dubois, Esq.
I am unable to say anything about the position of Helix papilio-
nacea Valenciennes, as I have not access to the work in which it is
published, but follow Pfeiffer in placing it here.
Mindoro presents an interesting field for the study of zoogeographic
races of Obba. In the case of the present species we have no less than
six races represented in the material before us. One of these is from
the central north coast, Obba planulata varaderoana; the second, O. p.
paluana, from the Paluan Bay region. This seems to extend across
the northwestern peninsula to Abra de Hog, at least so a poorly pre-
served specimen in our collection from that locality would indicate.
The third, O. p. bongabona, comes from Bongabon on the east coast.
The fourth, O. p. mansalayana, comes from the Mansalay Bay region.
The fifth, O. p. mangarina, comes from the southern end at Mangarin,
and the sixth, O. p. cagurayana, comes from near-by Caguray.
In addition to these races on the island of Mindoro proper, we have
material also from some of the small islands adjacent to Mindoro.
One, O. p. medioensis, I collected on Medio Island, a small isle in
Galera Bay off northeastern Mindoro. Another race, O. p. verdensis,
comes from Verde Island north off Varadero Bay, Mindoro. A third,
O. p. saleedoi, comes from Ilin Island off southern Mindoro, and a
fourth, O. p. lubangensis, I collected on Gunting Mountain near Looc,
Lubang Island.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CBBA PLANULATA IN THE MINDORO PROVINCE
Last whorl malleated.
Malleations on upper surface extending to the peristome.
Moalleationexceedimgly rough: 2-2-2233 12 8 ae lubangensis.
Malleation not exceedingly rough.
Greater diameter more than 30 mm______-------- varadereana.
Greater diameter less*than’28' mms. salcedoi.
Malleations on upper surface not extending to the peristome.
Periphery of last whori acutely angulated____.______-__- bongabona.
Periphery of last whorl not acutely angulated__._.______-__- paluana.
362 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Last whorl not malleated.
Spiral sculpture on the upper surface of last whorl strong.
Interrupted spiral brown band conspicuous on base____ mansalayana.
Interrupted spiral brown band not conspicuous on base.
Shelli depressed=helicoidvs_ fe 4a 528i ee ee medioensis.
Shell not depressed-helicoid.
SelLG Ones 4 Decree 1 Teta 9 NR pe ete Le mangarina,
Spiral sculpture on upper surface of last whorl not strong, but
feeble.
Shelldepressed-helicotd . 222% _ J's sutra 7 AL AR Sa verdensis,
Shell not depressed-helicoid.
Shell (contesns2e5 | ihe ted oe tee et iene BR cagurayana.
OBBA PLANULATA LUBANGENSIS, new subspecies
PLATE 91, FIGURE 5
The shell is depressed-helicoid. The nuclear whorls are flesh-
color, which is also the ground color of the postnuclear turns, but
these are spotted, streaked, and vermiculated with brown, there being
a concentration of these markings midway between the summit and
the periphery to form an interrupted spiral band. A second band of
this type is present on the base about one-third of the distance between
the periphery and the umbilicus. The base is also finely spotted with
brown markings. The nuclear whorls are about 1.4, and are marked
by fine incremental lines. The first one and one-half postnuclear
whorls are a little more finely sculptured than the succeeding turns,
which are decidedly rough and strongly malleated from the summit
to the suture, the malleations extending to the peristome on the last
turn. The under surface also is malleated and rough. The aperture
is oval; the peristome is strongly thickened, reflected, and covers about
one-third of the umbilicus at the parietal wall. There is a broad,
median tooth on the inside of the basal lip.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382702, was collected by myself
on the top of Gunting Mountain, Lubang Island. It has 5 whorls,
and measures: Height, 14.1 mm; greater diameter, 30.2 mm; lesser
diameter, 23.5 mm.
Remarks.—Seven topotypes, U.S.N.M. No. 256527, furnish the
following additional measurements:
Number of whorls Height | Greater Qian: Teer clam:
Mim Mm Mm
LER SORE GTS) Bret ope weep Sey, Ly 32.3 25. 3
eae iat oe ah i Bea ls es la oe Cat 15. 6 lee 24. 9
SS eee nee ER Pc Ree ne eee St Se Se 14. 4 29. 6 23. 9
ye vk ss ie 1 PERO eee ee ees cy ee ok 14. 0 29. 9 23. 9
EEA he RUD, Ak oh pa cht vend ote Sh WEN ied LDL Ae Pe? 30. 6 23. 9
Ft aa LIE, SPREE EVE AP 14.8 30. 2 23. 0
Ey SC eee Bs NN EAS ae ann ee ek toe xt I 14.5 oS 24. 6
Na
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 363
The present species is most nearly related to Obba planulata vara-
deroana, from which it differs by its much rougher sculpture and its
somewhat smaller size.
OBBA PLANULATA VARADEROANA, new subspecies
PuLaTE 92, Figure 4
The shell is large, depressed-helicoid, almost lenticular, with a
conspicuous carina at the periphery. There is an indication of a
median color band consisting of a series of spots, which disappear
upon the last half turn. The rest of the upper surface is blotched
and spotted and streaked with brown; the pattern is best understood
by consulting our figure of the upper surface of the shell. The last
third of a turn is darker than the rest and the colored elements more
fused. The base is soiled flesh-color, with the outer third vermic-
ulated with pale brown, the inner border of which terminates in a
more or less conspicuous band. The peristome is buff with a dusky
wash. The postnuclear whorls are malleated on the anterior half,
the malleations extending to the peristome on the last whorl on both
the upper and lower surface. The whorls are also marked by incised
spiral lines, which are stronger on the early postnuclear whorls and
the base than on the upper surface of the last whorl. The incremental
lines are rather coarse. The aperture is large and rather broad; the
peristome is thickened and reflected, and almost half covers the
umbilicus. The tooth on the inner lip is strong.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 3827038, and eight adult specimens,
U.S.N.M. No. 256424, were collected by me at Varadero, northeastern
Mindoro. The type has 5 whorls, and measures: Height, 15.2 mm;
greater diameter, 33 mm; lesser diameter, 27.6 mm.
Remarks.—The nine specimens yield the following comparative
measurements:
N umber of Height oe sama Lesser diary:
Mm Mm Mm
15.0 15.2 133. 0 127.6
diol! 14. 5 Sisal 25. 9
5.3 HS 33. 9 26: 7
Son 14. 2 32. 0 Dons
oe 15.6 32. 5 ey
oo 15. 6 31. 4 2550
5. 2 oso 30. 6 29; 9
5.3 14.8 30. 8 24, 4
5.3 16. 3 30. 7 24.8
Average___ eilnde Leyaeleard. lean 25. 69
Greatest___ iy 16. 3 33. 9 27. 6
Least _—__- 5. 0 14, 2 30. 6 24. 4
1 Type.
364 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The present species belongs to the group which has the malleations
on the last whorl extending to the peristome. The only other known
member with this character in the general region is Obba planulata
saleedoi, a much smaller race from Ilin Island.
OBBA PLANULATA SALCEDOI, new subspecies
PuatE 92, Ficurn 3
The shell is lenticular, the last whorl rather acutely angulated
at the periphery. The nuclear whorls and the ground color of the
postnuclear whorls are flesh-colored. The postnuclear whorls are
marked by streaks and blotches of pale brown, and the median spiral
band of brown, which extends almost to the peristome. The base is
of flesh-colored ground color; the posterior half has the pits of the
malleations brown; the peristome is soiled buff and the interior of
the outer lip pale brown. The nuclear whorls are marked by fine
incremental lines and microscopic spiral striations. The early post-
nuclear whorls are acutely angulated, the succeeding turns falling
below the angle. The first and second postnuclear whorls are malle-
ated on the anterior half; the last one is strongly malleated almost
over its entire surface, only the portion immediately below the summit
being free of these strong hammer marks. ‘The base is moderately
rounded and also malleated on its posterior half. In addition to the
malleations, the postnuclear whorls are marked by not strong but
irregular incremental lines and very fine spiral striations, likewise
fine crisscross lines, which cut the incremental lines and spiral sculp-
ture obliquely. These crisscross lines are strongly marked on the upper
surface of the last whorl. The aperture is rather small, broadly
oval; the peristome is reflected and thickened and covers about one-
third of the umbilicus.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382891, comes from Ilin Island,
south of Mindoro. It has 4.5 whorls, and measures: Height, 11.8
mm; greater diameter, 27.3 mm; lesser diameter, 23 mm.
Remarks.—The large extent of the malleations distinguishes this
subspecies from all the others.
OBBA PLANULATA BONGABONA, new subspecies
PLATE 92, Fiagurn 2
The shell is almost lenticular, the whorls being decidedly keeled;
the succeeding ones falling below this keel to which they are appressed
gives them a somewhat overhanging aspect. The last whorl is acutely
keeled at the beginning, and quite strongly angulated behind the peri-
stome. The first nuclear whor! is flesh-colored, the rest buff. The
postnuclear whorls are flesh-colored, blotched, streaked, and vermicu-
lated with brown on the upper surface. A narrow median, more or
less interrupted brown band, is present, but evanesces on the last half
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 365
of the last whorl. The base is fiesh-colored with an interrupted
brown band one-third of the way between the summit and the suture
anterior to the summit. The peristome is flesh-colored, while the
inside of the outer lip is a purplish brown. The nuclear whorls have
the usual fine incremental lines and spiral striations. The post-
nuclear whorls are strongly malleated on the anterior two-thirds of
the turns on all but the last third of the last whorl. The postnuclear
whorls are also marked on the upper surface by rather rough incre-
mental lines and moderately strong incised spiral striations, those on
the basal portion being a little more pronounced than those on the
spire. Aperture broadly oval; peristome thickened and reflected,
covering half of the umbilicus at the parietal wall. There is a strong
tooth on the median portion of the inner lip.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382708, comes from the Quadras
collection and was collected at Sitio Panlanau, Bongabon, Mindoro.
It has 4.6 whoris, and measures: Height, 13.6 mm; greater diameter,
30.6 mm; lesser diameter, 24.4 mm.
Remarks.—Three additional specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 239845,
were collected by Mr. Schultze at Bongabon. These yield the follow-
ing data:
Number of whorls Height Stent din: Tosser cin
Mm Mm Mm
AA (pps Saaet lee eee ©) Sk RR Re he Be oa 26. 2 Sore 14, 0
A ST pane. ern Wer oh 2 eee Be | ee Sn 12. 4 Seno) DAs2,
EF RNRL fe See Me UD NE Fh CR A et er 13. 1 30. 3 25. 0
This subspecies in the character of malleations resembles Obba
planulata paluana, from which it is at once distinguished by its much
larger size and flatter form and less strong spiral sculpture. In its flat
shape and angulated periphery of the early whorls it suggests O. p.
varaderoana, from which its smaller size and less conspicuous spiral
sculpture, as well as the less malleated base, distinguish it.
OBBA PLANULATA PALUANA, new subspecies
PLATE 93, Figure 1
The shell is depressed-helicoid with the periphery of the last whorl
well rounded. The first nuclear whorl is flesh-colored, the succeeding
turns pale brown. The postnuclear whorls are of flesh-colored
ground color, spotted, streaked, and vermiculated with bright chest-
nut-brown. The last whorl! is a little paler than the rest. A narrow
median brown band encircles all the postnuclear whorls except the
last fourth of the last turn. The base is flesh-colored, the vermicula-
tions extending to the faint brown spiral line, which is at about one-
third of the distance between the periphery and the umbilicus, anterior
366 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
to the periphery. The peristome is flesh-colored; the interior of the
outer lip is brown. The first postnuclear whorl is marked by fine
incremental lines and fine spiral striations; the succeeding ones, except
the last half of the last turn, are strongly malleated on the anterior
half and marked by feeble incremental lines and rather strong spiral
striations on the upper surface, as well as on the base of the last
whorl where the spiral striations are even stronger. On the first
half of the last whorl of the base there are moderately strong mallea-
tions between the brown band and the periphery, the depressed por-
tions being brown. The aperture is broadly oval; the peristome
reflected, expanded, and thickened, covering about half of the umbili-
eus. The inner lip bears a conspicuous fold on its middle.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382888, is one of a series of speci-
mens collected by Pedro de Mesa at Paluan, Mindoro. It has 4.9
whorls, and measures: Height, 13.1 mm; greater diameter, 27.9 mm;
lesser diameter, 22.3 mm.
Remarks.—Ten additional specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 382889, from
the same source yield the following information:
Neer of Height Greater diam- Lesser, diet:
M m M
A eo 143. 1 127.9 1D ee
1 teh oe eee 13. 2 27. 6 ah
a ae ae 14. 5 27.0 2106
eae ee 13.3 28. 6 21.9
Lae ees 13. 1 26. 8 21.0
(0) ae ea 24. 0 19. 9
RD eecersiee 13. 8 25.9 20. 8
aD air eae 14. 3 29. 4 22.9
Ai ee 14, 2 26. 7 28
4.9______ 13. 5 25. 8 20. 2
oes 13. 0 26. 4 20. 9
1T ype.
Two, U.S.N.M. No. 256408, collected by the United States Bureau
of Fisheries Albatross Expedition, yield the following measurements:
28. 6
13. 7 27.8
Siasr she 14. 0
U.S.N.M. No. 382890 contains a specimen collected by Pedro de
Mesa at Tara, Abra de Ilog, Mindoro, which measures:
| 5.0 13.2 26.3 | 20.8
INVGTACG “2 ey. erie se Be aehOid 13.5 27. 06 21. 47
Grestestac a ee ee eee renee 5. 4 14. 5 29. 4 22. 4
Theastitvea: tasaptid fh vada ieee 4,8 £2: 9 24. 0 19. 9
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 367
This species recalls Obba planulata bongabona as far as the general
sculptural pattern is concerned, but the whorls are more rounded, and
there is not the peripheral overhang that is present in O. p. bonga-
bona, the last whorl being rounded rather than angulated.
OBBA PLANULATA MANSALAYANA, new subspecies
PLATE 93, Figure 2
The shell is moderately elevated with obsoletely angulated pe-
riphery. Nuclear whorls pale brown. The first postnuclear whorl is
almost brown marked by a few axial streaks of pale buff, which is
the ground color of the succeeding turns upon which also chestnut-
colored blotches occupy a larger area than the ground color. On all
the postnuclear whorls but the last one and a quarter an interrupted
median chestnut-colored band is present. The base is pale buff with
a broad interrupted spiral band of brown, which is about one-fourth
of the distance between the periphery and umbilicus anterior to the
periphery. The peristome is white, while the interior of the outer lip
is brown with a purplish flush. The early postnuclear whorls are
feebly malleated on their anterior half; these malleations disappear
! ; . 1am- -
a of Height reer a a ange gy
Mm. Mm. Mm.
He 2 1143 127.4 121.6
553 13. 4 28. 0 21S
5. 4 2a 2ON2, Datee,
5. 5 13. 6 28. 6 22. 4
5:42 tomo 29. 5 Zan 2
5. 2 Melon 25. 8 20. 7
5. 4 13:3 28. 5 2251
5. 4 14.4 Dee, Ze 2
555 13. 9 25. 9 ZileeO
HZ 1280 28. 9 Doe
5. 5 13.0 Pile) 22. 0
a3 1350 29. 3 Deo
5. 4 11.5 27. 0 Zila!
ee bea 26. 6 Ze
5. 4 eG 27. 4 Daa
5. 4 13. 6 29. 6 Deal
5.1 13. 6 29. 1 22.8
5. 3 125 28. 4 21.6
5.2 13. 0 29. 0 2252,
aes 3. 9 30. 6 Zane
5. 4 14, 2 30. 2 22. 6
5. 4 14.8 28. 2 22.5
5. 3 14, 4 27. 6 22. 0
5. 2 14. 0 30. 2 22. 8
525 14, 4 28. 2 22. 0
Average___ 52a2 Ns see 28. 316 22. 192
Greatest .__ oD 14.8 30. 6 25. 0
heaste=2c22 oy iRIye 25. 8 20. 7
368 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
before the last whorl and a half are reached. The incremental lines
are not strong, but the incised spiral lines are well developed and
very regular both on the spire and base. The aperture is oval; the
peristome, thickened and reflected, covers about half of the umbilicus
at the parietal wall.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382705, and a lot of additional
specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 256436, were collected by the writer on a
hill on the west shore of Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. The type has
5.2 whorls, and measures: Height, 14.8 mm; greater diameter, 27.4
mm; lesser diameter, 21.6 mm.
Remarks.—Twenty-five specimens yield the data given in the table
on page 367.
This subspecies, while it resembles Obba planulaia medioensis, 1s
easily distinguished from this by its smoother surface and the very
conspicuous interrupted basal band.
OBBA PLANULATA MEDIOENSIS, new subspecies
PLATE 93, FigurE 3
The shell is depressed-helicoid with the periphery of the last whorl]
obsoletely angulated. The nuclear whorls are dark buff; the whorl
that succeeds them is brown, while the rest of the upper surface is of
flesh-colored ground color, blotched, spotted, and vermiculated with
dull chestnut-brown. On all the postnuclear whorls a somewbat
darker interrupted zone marks the obsolete peripheral angle. The
base is soiled flesh-color with a moderately broad, interrupted,
ill-defined, dark band about one-third of the distance between the
periphery and umbilicus anterior to the periphery. The space
between this band and the periphery is indistinctly marked with
a few streaks of brown. The peristome is fiesh-colored with a
brownish flush, while the inside of the outer lip is pale brown with a
purplish wash. The postnuclear whorls are weakly malleated on the
anterior half, except the last turn where this character fades out.
The postnuclear whorls are also marked by rather coarse and irregular
incremental lines and strongly incised wavy spiral lines, which are
present on both spire and base. Aperture moderately large, oval;
peristome reflected over about one-third of the umbilicus. Tooth
on the inner lip strongly developed.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382704, and a lot of additional
specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 256438, were collected by myself on Medio
Island in Galera Bay, off northeast Mindoro. The type has 5.2
whorls, and measures: Height, 13.8 mm; greater diameter, 28.4 mm;
lesser diameter, 22.6 nm.
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO 369
Remarks.—Twenty-five specimens yield the following data:
Number of Height | Greater diam-| Lesser diam-
whorls eter eter
Mm Mim Mm
eee 13. 4 28. 2 22. 0
eel! 14.9 29. 2 wee)
5. 4 14.7 28. 4 22.9
Sees L307, 28. 7 22-6
5. 2 are 26. 9 21.6
5. 4 os, il 29. 6 2303
5. 2 So 28. 6 23.4
eo 14, 2 28.9 22.8
5. 0 13. 0 28. 0 Daal
ou 13. 0 Dies 22.9
at 14.1 28.9 22. 6
Oo 14..2 28. 6 23. 0
ee eed 29. 0 PE
ee Sane) 29. 3 23. 4
db. 2 13.0 28.1 2240
Oa ed 29.0 22.9
Le EO 128. 4 122.6
a3 1332 29. 2 Dp
ee ono 28. 7 22. 9
iy 74 lisee2 28. 4 22. 6
oe 3. 9 28. 9 3. 4
So Lose 28. 8 2a. 0
Ono 14.8 29. 3 23. 9
5. 3 14.0 29. 7 23. 8
5. 3 12.8 28. 3 22.9
Average ___ 5. 236 13.78 28. 676 22. 9
Greatest __ Dao aro 29. 7 Dono
easthes fs. 5. 0 TDI 26. 9 21.6
1 Type.
The present subspecies resembles most nearly Obba planulata man-
salayana, but can at once be distinguished from it by the practical
absence of the basal spiral zone.
OBBA PLANULATA MANGARINA, new subspecies
Piate 93, FicurE 4
The shell is broadly conic and its last whorl obtusely angulated.
The first nuclear whorl is flesh-colored, the next straw-colored; the
first postnuclear whorl is bright chestnut-brown, the rest are of
flesh-colored ground color, spotted and vermiculated with brown. In
fact the chestnut-brown coloration is so strong that it overshadows
the lighter flesh-colored elements and might well be considered the
major color scheme. A narrow median brown band, a little deeper
than the rest of the brown coloration of the upper surface, marks the
middle of the postnuclear whorl, except the last fourth of the last turn.
The base is flesh-colored, spotted and mottled with brown; the peri-
stome is white, while the interior of the outer lip is purplish brown.
The anterior two-thirds of the postnuclear turns are strongly malle-
ated. These malleations evanesce at about the termination of the next
370 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
to the last whorl. The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather rough
and somewhat irregular incremental lines and moderately strong, well-
incised, spiral striations. The base of the last whorl is malleated; the
impressed portions being brown lend to it a peculiar color pattern.
It is also marked by the continuations of the incremental lines and
spiral striations, which are a little stronger than those on the upper
surface. Aperture ovate; peristome broadly expanded and reflected,
half covering the umbilicus at the parietal wall. The inner lip has a
conspicuous tooth on its middle.
Type.—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382709, comes from the Quadras
collection and was collected at Sitio, Lalangan, Mangarin, southern
Mindoro. It has 4.8 whorls, and measures: Height, 14.9 mm;
greater diameter, 28 mm; lesser diameter, 21.5 mm.
Remarks.—This shell in shape and coloring resembles most nearly
Obba planulata cagurayana, with which it is also geographically most
nearly approximated, but it is at once distinguished by its much
rougher sculpture both on spire and base.
OBBA PLANULATA VERDENSIS, new subspecies
PLATE 93, FIGURE 6
The shell is depressed-helicoid. The early whorls are of dark buff
and the later of flesh-colored ground color. A conspicuous median
bright chestnut-brown band, which is almost complete, is present on
the upper surface. A second, but a little more interrupted, band is
present at the angulated periphery. In addition to these bands, the
upper surface of the whorls is marbled and axially streaked with
brown. The basal surface is flesh-colored with an interrupted zone
of brown about as distant from the periphery as the median band on
the upper surface of the whorl is distant from it. The peristome is
white. All but the last postnuclear whorls are malleated on the
anterior half of the turns. In the same area they are also marked
by rather strongly incised spiral lines, but these weaken decidedly on
the last whorl. The incremental lines are irregular and rather coarse,
even on the lower surface. On the base the incised spiral lines are
stronger than on the upper surface. The aperture is large, oval,
with the peristome thickened and reflected, covering one-third of
the umbilicus at the parietal wall. The median basal tooth of the
inner lip is quite strongly developed.
Type—The type, U.S.N.M. No. 256550, was collected by Col.
Edgar A. Mearns on Verde Island off northeast Mindoro. It has
5 whorls, and measures: Height, 12.3 mm; greater diameter, 32.2 mm;
lesser diameter, 24.9 mm.
Remarks.—This is a large, flat, bright-colored race, which has a con-
spicuous interrupted basal color band. The malleations do not extend
upon the last turn,on which the spiralstriation is notstrongly developed
LAND SHELLS OF GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO atl
OBBA PLANULATA CAGURAYANA, new subspecies
PLATE 93, Figure 5
The shell is broadly conic and weakly angulated at the periphery
of the last whorl. The first nuclear whorl is pale buff, the rest deeper
buff. The first postnuclear whorl is chestnut-brown, which is also
the color of the remaining turns. In addition to this, the whorls
are marked by more or less zigzag or interrupted axial lines and dots
of flesh-color. There is a narrow median brown band on all the
whorls, which extends to the peristome on the last turn. The base
is pale brown with a deeper brown band about one-third of the
distance between the periphery and the umbilicus anterior to the
periphery. The postnuclear whorls in the young shell are strongly
keeled, and the succeeding turns drop below this keel to which they
are appressed. All but the last one and one-third turns are feebly
malleated on the anterior half. The postnuclear whorls are marked
by rather regular, weak, retractively curved incremental lines and
exceedingly fine spiral striations on the upper surface. On the base
of the last whorl these spiral striations become more pronounced.
The aperture is broadly oval; the peristome is strongly reflected and
thickened, covering half the umbilicus at the parietal wall. The
inner lip has a conspicuous tooth on its middle.
Type-——The type, U.S.N.M. No. 382887, was collected by C.
Canonizado at Caguray. It has 5 whorls, and measures: Height,
13.6 mm; greater diameter, 26.9 mm; lesser diameter, 21.3 mm.
Remarks.—This species most nearly resembles Obba planulata man-
garina, from which it can at once be distinguished by its much
smoother sculpture.
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL.6, PART 8 PL. 88
SUBSPECIES OF OBBA GALLINULA AND O. LISTERI
1, Obba gallinula barthelowi, new subspecies; 2, O. listeri sibolonensis, new subspecies; 3, O. l. halcona, new
subspecies; 4, O. /. campoensis, new subspecies; 5, O. 1. listeri (Gray). Natural size.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL.6, PART 8 PL. 89
SUBSPECIES OF OBBA LISTERI
1, Obba listeri mayabigana, new subspecies; 2, O. l. minor (Mollendorff); 3, 4, O. l. recurvata (Mollendorff);
5, O. l. smithi, new subspecies. Natural size.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 8 PL. 90
FORMS OF FOUR SPECIES OF OBBA
1, Obba listeri caloocana new subspecies; 2, O. 1. subplanulata (Mollendorff);
new subspecies; 4, O. marmorata ilinensis Bartsch; 5, O. sarcochroa ilogana, ne
3, O. subhorizontalis radcliffei,
w subspecies, Natural size,
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 8 PL. 91
SUBSPECIES OF OBBA MESAI, NEW SPECIES, AND O. PLANULATA
1, Obba mesai richi, new subspecies; 2, O. m. mesai, new subspecies; 3, O. m, sablayana, new subspecies; 4, O. m.
‘ohnsoni, new subspecies; 5, O. planulata lubangensis, new subspecies. Natural size.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 8 PL. 92
SUBSPECIES OF OBBA PLANULATA
1, Obba planulata planulata (Lamarck), copy
salcedoi, new subspecies; 4, O. p. varaderoan
of Férussae’s figures; 2, O. p. bongabona, new subspecies; 3, O. p.
a, new subspecies; 5, O. p. planulata (Lamarck). Natural size.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
1, Otba planulata paluana
BUEEETIN 100; VOE.\6, PART 8 PE7S9s
NEW SUBSPECIES OF OBBA PLANULATA
“9
9 ay
0. p. mansalayana; 3, O. p. medioensis; 4, O. p. mangarina; 5, O. p. cagurayana,
6, O. p. verdensis. Natural size.
THE TREE SNAILS OF THE GENUS COCHLOSTYLA OF
MINDORO PROVINCE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
By Pau Bartscu
INTRODUCTION
In no other area in the entire Philippine Archipelago do we find a
greater confusion in our knowledge of its tree-snail fauna than in
Mindoro, the main island of this province. ‘Though Mindoro has been
contributing specimens since the very early days of contact with
civilization, most of them came from the well-known ports on the
northeastern part of the island. The reason for this is voiced by Dr.
Dean C. Worcester, who states on page 362 of his book “The Philip-
pine Islands”, published in 1899:
Nowhere in the northern Philippines is there an island so little known, or one so
universally avoided by white men. The natives frequently refer to it significantly
as the ‘‘white man’s grave.’”’ At the present time it is celebrated chiefly for the
unsavoury reputation of its people, the heaviness of its rainfall, and the deadliness
of the miasma in its fever-smitten lowlands.
There was a time when Mindoro was famous for other things. So much rice
was formerly raised along the coast as to cause the island to be named ‘‘the
granary of the Philippines,’ and the population of the numerous coast villages
seems to have consisted chiefly of peaceable, law-abiding Tagalogs. All this
has long since been changed. The prosperity of the civilized natives served to
attract the attention of the Moros, who repeatedly raided their towns, rapidly
thinning the population. An epidemic attacked the buffaloes, nearly exterminat-
ing them, and leaving the natives without means of tilling their land; and cholera
did the rest.
To-day the once rich fields have for the most part grown up to forest land, and
the island is a rendezvous for desperate criminals, who escape from the neigh-
bouring provinces and seek refuge in Mindoro, well knowing that if they once reach
the forest there they are safe from pursuit.
The few poverty-stricken villages on the east coast are supposed to be under
Spanish protection and control. How much that protection amounts to I shall
attempt to show later. There are villages on the west coast also. White men
who value their lives do not often visit them.
In the interior of the island are a number of lofty mountains, the highest peak
attaining an altitude of 8,865 feet. These mountains and the adjacent lowlands
are clothed in magnificent forest which the hand of man has never disturbed.
Under the shadows of its mighty trees dwell a race of primitive savages, the
Mangyans. They bear a very bad reputation, which is wholly undeserved.
Between the mountains and the west coast are extensive plains, covered with
high grass. East of the mountains are heavily timbered lowlands, crossed by
373
374 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
numerous rivers. The surface details given in the best charts are wholly unre-
liable, and such large rivers as the Baco are left out altogether.
The rainfall is enormous. There are no statistics available, but it rains heavily
during nine months of the year, and not infrequently during the other three, as
I have learned to my sorrow. Exploration in the interior can be carried on only
at the height of the dry season, in March, April, and May.
There is no anchorage at Calapan, and the surf runs so heavily during October,
November, and December that steamers are often forced to carry the mails by.
The only Europeans in the island outside of Calapan are a half-dozen friars,
and at the capital there are only the necessary officials, and one or two shop-
keepers who are too poor to get away.
On our first trip to the Philippines we purposely put Mindoro last on our list
of islands to be visited, knowing that if we were fortunate enough to escape the
tulisanes we should still get the fever, and wishing to be able to start for home at
once should it seriously disable us.
The first serious collecting in Mindoro was done by Hugh Cuming,
who was probably the most successful collector of mollusks in his day.
His visits to the Philippines extended from 1836 to 1839 and resulted
in bringing to light more novelties than all the previously known
species. They have been reported on by many writers, and a set is
in the collection of the United States National Museum. Since some
doubt has been raised about the localities cited by Cuming for some
of his species, I quote from an article by W. J. Broderip, published in
the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1840, pages
83-84:
Before, however, we commence our task, I must, in justice to him who has placed
the materials in our hands, observe, that, to say nothing of the variety of new
forms which he has been the means of bringing to light, those who cultivate this
branch of zoology so highly interesting to the geologist, as well as the physiologist,
owe him a large debt of gratitude, for information on a point of no small zoological
importance. It is not very long since, that the localities ascribed to shells could
in very few instances be depended upon. The cupidity of dealers, some years
ago, not unfrequently prompted them wilfully to deceive those who gave extrava-
gant prices for new shells on this point, and carelessness was generally the order
of the day. Mr. Cuming, by his accurate notes, and the open publication of the
places where every one of the multitudinous species and varieties collected by
him was found, has mainly assisted in making a complete revolution in this
department of the science, and has done more towards giving us data for the geo-
graphical distribution of the testaceous mollusca than any person who has yet
lived.
I concur in Broderip’s statement.
Hugh Cuming visited Mindoro and collected at Puerto Galera and
Mansalay Bay.
W. W. Wood sent “many fine shells .. .” from the Philippine
Islands to Isaac Lea, who described a number of species in the Trans-
actions of the American Philosophical Society in 1840. No specific
locality is given with any of Wood’s shells, but the fact that Cochlo-
styla cepoides is here described shows that he must have been in the
mountains of Lubang Island or had a collector there.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 375
On January 24, 1842, a party of the United States Exploring Expe-
dition stopped on the southwest corner of Mindoro and must have
secured quite a lot of conspicuous shells, at least so the collections in
the United States National Museum would indicate.
Dr. Carl Semper conducted scientific explorations in the Philippines
between 1858 and 1864, which have resulted in that splendid series of
volumes known as Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen.
Semper’s servant, Antonio Angara, made a trip to northeastern
Mindoro, which resulted in the discovery of some members of the
genus Cochlostyla.
During the Spanish regime and up to the American conquest of the
Philippines, J. F. Quadras occupied the position of chief forester of the
islands. Quadras was an enthusiastic shell collector, and I was told
by members of his family during my sojourn in the islands that he
would appoint no one to his staff unless the appointee had similar
tendencies. This was undoubtedly responsible for the magnificent
collection that he amassed, which was displayed in the Philippine
Section during the World’s Fair in St. Louis in 1904. This collection
was offered for sale in America by his son who failed to find a pur-
chaser. It was stored for some time in the Chicago Academy of
Sciences and then returned to Manila, where it now rests in the
Philippine Bureau of Science, except for a set acquired by the Chicago
Academy of Sciences and by them sold to the United States National
Museum.
Quadras’ finds were largely described by Dr. O. F. von Mollendorff
and Joaquin G. Hidalgo, of Madrid, Spain. Many things from
Mindoro Province are in the Quadras collections.
Dr. Otto Franz von Modllendorff, German Consul at Manila from
1886 to 1896, made known to the world the minute mollusks of the
Philippines. His efforts added more than 800 species. His splendid
collection rests in the Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft
in Frankfurt-am-Main, from which a set of his duplicates has been
secured for the United States National Museum, among which most
of the old species from Mindoro are represented.
In 1887-8, Dr. J. B. Steere, with Dr. Frank 5. Bourns, E. L. Moseley,
Dean C. Worcester, and Mateo Francisco, collected natural-history
material in the Philippines, Worcester and Bourns spending some time
in northeastern Mindoro until forced out by malaria.
Two years later Worcester, Bourns, and Francisco, while on the
Menage Expedition, made two trips to Mindoro, collecting from
Calapan south to Lake Naujan and west to Mount Halcon. They
made a splendid collection of mollusks, securing large series of the
larger species represented in the region. This collection, which for a
time rested in the Minnesota Academy of Sciences, has been purchased
by the United States National Museum and has been available for
study.
376 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Students interested in field natural history will find Dr. Worcester’s
book a fascinating volume.
Dr. Worcester later became a member of the United States Philip-
pine Commission and still later the Secretary of Interior of the
Philippine Islands. During all this period, and later as a private
citizen up to his death, he maintained an interest in the natural history
of the islands and collected material that has been in my hands for
report.
Col. Edgar A. Mearns, U. S. Army, made many collections during
his periods of service in the Philippine Islands. Among his many
expeditions he made one to Mount Halcon, the highest peak in
Mindoro. On this expedition many land shells were collected.
Among the novelties obtained on that expedition and here described
is Cochlostyla lillianae, an exquisitely beautiful shell, of which, unfor-
tunately, only the type is known.
To put definitely on record the ground covered by that Mount
Halcon Expedition, I shall quote Colonel Mearns’ itinerary:
Left Manila 7:30 p. m. October 30, 1906, on U. 8. A. T. Mindanao. Party
accompanied to Calapan by Horace C. Fletcher. Arrived Calapan daybreak
October 31. Left Calapan in two native boats Nov. 1, arriving at Subaan, 9 m.
NW. on the coast, at3 p.m. Left Subaan 9 a. m. Nov. 2, marched 10 m. (5 air
line) SW. to Binaybay River, camping on the mining claims of P. T. Bergen and
R. E. Burris. Left Bergen Camp 7 a. m. Nov. 5 and marched SW. 1 mile to
Mangyan clearing on top of hill, named Buena Vista, elevation 1,200 feet. Pro-
ceeded down S. trail to river named the Egbert, distance 1 mile; thence 300 yards
down stream to Alag River. Crossed Alag at this point and followed Alag River
upstream along east (R.) bank 2 miles to point where the Alag R. forks. Pro-
ceeded up east (R.) fork (main Alag R.) naming the west (L.) fork the Lewton
R. 1 mile; camped at 4 p. m. (Camp No. 2). Nov. 8, left camp 8 a. m., marched
up the Alag 14% m. to small falls, thence up small stream entering main Alag R.
from the west (L. bank) 300 yards, thence up ridge on the south side of stream
(R. bank) 3% m. to Mangyan clearing at 2,500 feet elevation, Camp No. 3 at this
point. Small stream 4m. down R. slope, to the SW. of camp.
Broke camp 7:30 a. m. Nov. 12, proceeding along trail on S. side of clearing to
cogon-covered caingin on crest of ridge, same elevation as Camp No. 3 (2,500
feet); thence down Mangyan trail, south, to Alag River. Distance Camp 3 to
Alag, 2 miles. Stream entering Alag R. a few yards above a Mangyan bejuca
suspension bridge (7 strands) named the Halcon Bridge. The stream was named
the Halcon River. We marched up Halcon R. 50 yards and thence up old Mangyan
trail to the right (from left bank of Haleon River), SW., going up parallel to stream;
camped at 3:30 p. m. at 3,300 ft. elevation (Camp No. 4). No water found near
this camp.
Nov. 3. Broke camp at 6a.m. Proceeded along ridge trail a short distance,
following it down to caingin area east of ridge summit. Three houses in these
clearings; one a mere framework, covered; two covered and inhabited. One
large house near 8. end of clearing, cleverly hidden (photographed). From
this house a Mangyan trail leads down to the Bolton R., where we found plenty
of water (as also in a small tributary nearer to the Mangyan house) and cooked
breakfast. From camp No. 4 to Bolton R. crossing *% m. From Bolton R.
proceeded SE. up ridge 1 mile to elevation of 4,500 feet. Camp No. 5. Water,
small stream 300 yards down slope to the SW.
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COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE aid
Left camp No. 5 at 8 a. m. Nov. 17, proceeding along trail on east side of
ridge to series of flats at 6,300 feet elevation. Camp No. 6, named ‘‘Posey Flats’’
in honor of ‘‘Posey” (E. D.) Merrill, botanist of the party. Camp No. 5 to
Posey Flats distance 1 mile.
Nov. 19, Merrill and Hutchinson completed chopping out a trail to main ridge
of Halcon and along the main ridge nearly to the Peak, returning to Camp 6 at
dark, wet, hungry, and tired. Rained hard until noon.
Nov. 20. Rained nearly all last night. High wind. Rained on.
During the explorations of the United States Fisheries steamer
Albatross in the Philippines, we touched Mindoro and some of the
adjacent islands, where I had an opportunity to make collections
of land mollusks and other things.
On June 4, 1898, we anchored in Mansalay Bay, where I made col-
lections on the west shore of the bay and along the river, entering
it here; also along the northeast point of the bay.
On June 5 I covered half of the distance between the mouth of the
river leading to Lake Naujan and the Lake, collecting at intervals.
June 8 and 9 we spent at Puerto Galera. Here I collected on
Paniquian and Medio Islands, as well as on the part of Mindoro
that forms the rest of the rim of the bay.
July 14 and 15 were spent collecting on Lubang Island. We visited
Vigo Bay, Tilig Bay, Balikias Bay, and Loog Bay. From the latter
place a couple of expeditions were made to the summit of Gunting
Mountain, which among other things yielded a lot of the peculiar
Cochlostyla cepoides (Lea).
The most thorough and important mollusk collecting yet done in
Mindoro Province is in progress at the present time. Another ap-
parently indefatigable and enthusiastic collector, Pedro de Mesa, is
producing so many new and interesting finds that we may well
believe that all the past efforts scarcely represent a reconnaissance.
His splendid sendings made necessary the critical review here pub-
lished, which I hope may produce a better understanding of the
Cochlostyla fauna of the region.
Helicostyla and Cochlostyla were proposed by Férussac in the same
work! as subgenera of Helix; Helicostyla was placed in the group
Helicoides, and Cochlostyla in the Cochloides. For almost 40 years
thereafter these two subgenera were considered to belong to different
“genera” (groups we now would call families).
Beck ? recognized these two subgenera, renioving from them a num-
ber of what he considered unrelated species and adding others. For
the first group he retained the name Helicostyla, but the second one
he renamed Orthostylus. He still, however, kept them in separate
“tribes” (or families). Pilsbry’s citation of Article 28 of the Inter-
national Rules * has no bearing on the point in question, as Beck was
1 Tableau systématique de la famille des limacons, p. 24, 1821.
1 Index molluscorum praesentis aevi musei principis angustissimi Christiani Frederici, pp. 36, 49, 1837.
3 See Nautilus vol. 46, p. 71, 1932.
378 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
not uniting two subgenera or genera to form one, but on the contrary
was retaining both groups, merely suppressing one of Férussac’s
names in favor of a new designation.
Subsequent authors, Pfeiffer (1841-1877), Gray (1847), Albers, and
the Adams brothers, all kept Helicostyla and Cochlostyla separate in
different genera or supergeneric categories. Pfeiffer, it may be noted,
in the first part of his Symbolae‘* recognized Cochlostyla Férussac as
one of his 18 valid genera, going still further in his restriction of the
group than Beck, while Helicostyla he submerged in Helix. Later,
however, in the same work he united Cochlostyla with Bulimus.
Von Martens, in his version of Albers’ work ° was the first one to
unite these two groups into one genus, which he called Cochlostyla,
making Helicostyla the second subgenus underit. Hence von Martens
is to be considered the first reviser, and the name he chose for the
genus will stand according to Article 28 of the International Rules.
Thereafter, for 35 years, Cochlostyla was universally used for this
group by such authors as Dohrn, Kobelt, Clessin, Nevill, Hidalgo,
Semper, von Mollendorff, Fischer, E. A. Smith, Fulton, and Pilsbry
(1891).
In 1895, however, Pilsbry, in his ‘Guide to the Study of the
Helices”’ ® made Helicostyla the name of the genus in place of Coch-
lostyla, because of its prior position in Férussac’s work and because of
Beck’s restriction and use of the subgenus Helicostyla. But we have
shown that Beck maintained both groups equally, merely changing
the name of Cochlostyla for some reason to Orthostylus. Both groups
remained equally a heterogeneous mixture, Helicostyla containing
three species of Cochlostyla and five of Cepolis, while Cochlostyla in-
cluded seven species of Cochlostyla and seven of Amphidromus, besides
an Ampelita and a Caryodes.
The first type designation for Helicostyla is apparently that of von
Martens,’ who cited Cochlostyla mirabilis Férussac as type. Gray’s
designation of the same species might be considered questionable, as
he uses the combination Helicostyla Beck, 1837. The first designation
of Cochlostyla seems to be that of Pilsbry,? who named Cochlostyla
metaformis as type.
I shall not discuss specific problems in this introduction, preferring
to treat these under the species that present points of particular
interest. I have been largely influenced by problems of distribution
and factors of isolation producing fixation, and the forms here named
are zoogeographic races and not merely individual variations of size,
4 Symbolae ad historiam heliceorum, vol. 1, pp. 5, 21, 1841.
5 Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 173, 1860.
@ Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, pp. 217-218, 1895.
7 Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 175, 1860.
§ Nautilus, vol. 46, p. 71, 1932.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 379
shape, or color, which, though they look distinct when viewed
separately, may be the offspring of one mother.
I am deeply indebted to the Coast and Geodetic Survey of the
United States Department of Commerce for the splendid chart of
Mindoro and the adjacent islands, no. 10, from which I am reproduc-
ing as plate 117 the northwestern end, as plate 116 the northeastern
end, and as plate 118 the southern end; also as plate 119 the islands
stretching to the northwest of Mindoro and as plate 120 those to the
southeast of Mindoro. These plates show the territory where col-
lecting has been done and also call attention to the large part of the
interior, especially of the central portion of the island, still awaiting
exploration and from which we may look for many new things.
A careful examination of these contour maps will reveal the greatly
diversified topography of this province. We have here mountaintop
after mountaintop rising to great elevations, Mount Halcon, its highest
peak, registering 8,865 feet. A subsidence of comparatively little
moment would split the region into many lesser islands, a fact that
accounts for its greatly diversified fauna. The factors of isolation
on these circumscribed areas over a long period have made possible
the adjustments of the chemical constituents of the germ cells, as well
as the adjustments of the organism as a whole, to the environmental
factors presented by the restricted habitat.
Cochlostylas are tree snails that require a forest or tree habitat for
their existence, and they are as effectively limited in their wanderings
by the lowland cogon grass-covered areas as they would be if water
separated the areas occupied by them.
Genus COCHLOSTYLA Férussac
In this extremely large genus, the shell presents an enormous range
of variation in form. It may be lenticular, helicoid, or bulimoid;
it may be nonumbilicate, rimate, or narrowly umbilicate; the outer
lip may be almost without reflection or it may be strongly expanded
and reflected. The columella may be simple, twisted, or toothed.
The surface of the shell is covered by a periostracum, which is usually
more or less hydrophanous and varies from a scarcely perceptible to
a heavy cuticle. The sculpture never attains the strength of ribs,
but the lines of growth in some species approach ribbing. Incised
spiral lines or fine striations are usually present.
The shell of some species is unicolor, while others show axial bands
or fulgurations, and may have spiral color bands that may be confined
to the periostracum or may be part of the substance of the shell.
Many colors and tints are represented in the color scheme of the genus.
Of the rest of the anatomy, Dr. Pilsbry states: °
§ Man. Conch. ser. 2, vol. 9, pp. 216-217, 1895.
380 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Foot without pedal margination; a small left body-lappet often developed;
kidney elongated.
Jaw ribbed.
Radula with bluntly pointed or truncated mesocones on middle and lateral
teeth, without trace of side cusps. Marginal teeth having the entocone indicated
by a split in the broad inner cusp, a small simple ectocone being developed.
Genital system: Penis moderately long, passing into an epiphallus which bears
the retractor; flagellum wanting. Dart sack short and globose, seated on atrium
or low on vagina, bearing an accessory sack into which the mucus gland opens.
Mucus gland globular or oval, with a very short duct, its thick wall composed of
radially arranged follicles. Dart short, straight, and round in section. Sperma-
theca oval, on a long, branchless duct.
Cochlostylas are arboreal. The genus is almost wholly Philippine;
a few species extend into Borneo, south to New Guinea, Moluccas,
and the Solomon Islands. The genus has been divided into a host
of subgenera or groups, a few of which, usually small aggregates, have
quite distinctive characters, but most of them have members that
represent bridging elements, which could be placed with equal claim
in either of two of these groups. These subgroups, however ill defined
they may appear to be, serve a useful purpose in a classificatory
arrangement, and it is for that reason chiefly that most of them
deserve retention.
Subgenus CorASIA Albers
In this subgenus the shell is depressed helicoid or lenticular, im-
perforate, usually with a more or less conspicuous peripheral keel.
The outer lip is but slightly expanded and reflected. The periostra-
cum is not hydrophanous.
Type: Cochlostyla (Corasia) virgo (Broderip).
A single species only, Cochlostyla (Corasia) aegroia (Reeve), is known
from the Mindoro Province.
COCHLOSTYLA (CORASIA) AEGROTA (Reeve)
PuatTe 94, Fiaurss 1-3
1851. Helix aegrota Renve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 22, fig. 95.
1853. Helix aegrota PreirrerR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3, pp.
191-192.
1854. Helix aegrota Prrirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2, vol.
1, Abt. 12, Theil 3, pp. 437-438, pl. 152, fig. 3.
1856. Helix (Corasia) aegrota Preirrer, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 144.
1859. Helix aegrota PreirFeR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4, p. 214.
1860. Corasia aegrota Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 171.
1868. Helix aegrota Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 5, p. 258.
1876. Helix aegrota Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7, p. 328;
in part.
1890. Cochlostyla aegrota Hipauco, Obras malacologicas, p. 152; in part.
1890. Cochlostyla aegrota MéLLENDoRFF, Ber. Senckenberg Naturf. Ges., 1890,
pp. 2380-231; in part.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 3881
1890. Cochlostyla aegrota Prnspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 124 (in part),
pl. 26, fig. 1.
1891. Helix aegrota Hipauao, Obras malacologicas, pl. 21, fig. 8.
1895. Helicostyla aegrota Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 219.
1898. Cochlosiyla aegrota M6LLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p.
105.
1908. Cochlostyla aegrota M6LLENDORFF, KoBeut, and WinTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 107-108 (in part), pl. 21, fig. 4.
1932. Cochlostyla (Corasia) aegrota Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol.
22, p. 335.
Shell thin, semitranslucent, depressed helicoid, with broadly conic
spire, feebly angulated periphery, and a short, well-rounded, imper-
forate base. The shell is covered with a very thin periostracum,
which is of a faint greenish yeliowish tint, the shell substance itself
being white with a bluish tint. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded,
smooth, forming an almost planorboid spire. The postnuclear whorls
are strongly rounded and appressed at the summit, the appressed
portion appearing as a slender white thread on the later whorls. They
are marked by retractively curved, almost threadlike incremental lines,
which are of irregular strength and spacing. These incremental lines
are also present on the base. The early postnuclear whorls show
indication of spiral sculpture, which becomes much enfeebled on the
later turns. The aperture is broadly oval; interior bluish white; the
peristome is narrowly expanded and reflected; the inner lip is rather
broad, slightly excavated, and slightly sinuous. The parietal wall is
covered by a moderately thick translucent callus.
The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. no. 314079, was
collected by Quadras on Mindoro and is without specific locality. It
has 4.6 whorls and measures: Length, 29.3 mm; greater diameter,
40 mm.
Subgenus CALOCOCHLEA Hartmann
In this subgenus the shell is helicoid or subglobose, imperforate.
The periostracum is conspicuously marked with varied hydrophanous
patterns.
Type: Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) pulcherrima (Sowerby).
There are a number of species of this subgenus from Mindoro
Province. They are:
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) melanocheila (Pfeiffer).
C. (C.) perpallida Bartsch.
C. (C.) aopta (Clench and Archer).
C. (C.) roissyana (Férussac).
C. (C.) gertrudis Méllendorff, Kobelt, and Winter.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) MELANOCHEILA (Pfeiffer)
Pirate 94, Figures 4-7
1840. Helix melanocheylos? var. lineolata Grateiour, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,
vol. 11, p. 163; not Helix lineolata Lamarck, 1822, Animaux sans vertébres,
vol. 6, p. 67.
382
1840.
1841.
1842.
1842.
1848.
1849.
1850.
1851.
1851.
1853.
1855.
1856.
1859.
1860.
1868.
1876.
1877.
1887.
1892.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1901.
1909.
1932.
1933.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Helix melanocheilos lineolata GraTELOouP, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. 11,
pp. 397, 398, pl. 4, fig. 2.
Helix brunnea SowERBy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1841, p. 40.
Helix brunnea PFEIFFER, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 69; not Helix brunnea Anton,
1839.
Helix melanochetla PretrFerR, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 32.
Helix melanocheila PreirrerR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 1,
p. 248.
Helix melanochetla Prrirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2,
vol. 1, Abt. 12, Theil 1, p. 276 (in part), pl. 44, figs. 9, 10.
Callicochlias melanocheila ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 106.
Helix melanocheila REEVE, Conchologia iconica, pl. 19, figs. 80a, 80b.
Helix melanocheila DesHayss, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mollus-
ques . . ., vol. 1, p. 296, pl. 107, fig. 14.
Helix melanocheila PrrirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
p. 187.
Helix (Callicochlias) melanocheila H. and A. Apams, The genera of recent
Mollusea, vol. 2, p. 192.
Heliz (Callicochlias) melanochela Prreitrrer, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2,
p. 143.
Helix melanocheila PrnirrerR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4,
p. 209.
Callicochlias melanocheila Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 173.
Helix melanocheila PrrirFeR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 5,
p. 281.
Helix melanocheila PrrirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 323; in part.
Cochlostyla melanocheila SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 3,
pt. 2, p. 181.
Cochlostyla melanocheila Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 125.
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) melanocheila Pruspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 7,
p. 150, pl. 30, figs. 17-19.
Helicostyla melanochila Pruspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 223.
Cochlostyla melanochila ELera, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, pp. 75-76.
Cochlostyla melanocheila HipaueGo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp, 266, 296,
330, 331, 341, 351.
Cochlostyla melanochila M6tLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
p. 114.
Cochlostyla melanocheila Hipaueo, Obras malacologicas, pt. 1, pp. 287-288,
pl. 40, figs. 2, 3.
Cochlostyla (Callicochlias) melanochila M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER,
Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 157-158,
pl. 31, fig. 6.
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) melanocheila Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 335.
Helicostyla (Calocochlea) melanochila Cuenca and ArcHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 539.
Shell helicoid, covered with a rather thick periostracum of more or
less wood-brown color, variously banded with spiral zones of darker
brown. There is usually an almost black band of brown immediately
above the periphery, while the peripheral zone in most instances, or
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 383
at least the space immediately below it, is a light zone of varying width.
The periostracum on the base is usually lighter than on the upper
surface and is banded with lighter spiral zones of varying width. The
periostracum is darker brown, while the interior of the aperture is
bluish white. The nuclear whorls are about 2, depressed, moderately
well rounded, marked by lines of growth and the last portion of the
last turn by the beginning of fine incised spiral lines. The postnuclear
whorls are well rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked by fine
incremental lines and spiral striations. The latter are stronger on the
first postnuclear whorls than on the remaining turns. Periphery
obsoletely angulated. Base somewhat inflated, strongly rounded.
The aperture is broadly oval. The peristome is moderately strong,
expanded, and reflected; the inner lip is somewhat excavated and
gently curved.
This species seems to be widely distributed over northeastern
Mindoro where it varies considerably in coloring and size.
A series of 78 specimens yields the following measurements:
U.8.N.M. no. Pare eet ee eee
Mm Mm Mm
TOGSO ke tae sR wPRet Bak 2 4.6 32. 6 41.1 32. 9
NOGS OM eae eee Ee 4.4 29. 4 41.2 33. 0
TSO SIS Loe URE ST 2 5. 0 31.9 40. 6 345
Lik bay U7 (een eee 5 Se 4.3 32. 2 47.5 36. 3
OSS 2s 5 ee AE 4.5 30. 6 44, 7 34. 5
195407 29S 2 ee eh 4.6 32. 8 46. 0 36. 0
LOS 40 (spss Be ed 4,7 30. 2 40. 9 O20
Zoe lie So ene 4.5 30. 6 43. 3 33. 6
20082. ae 4.5 28. 9 42.9 33. 9
20082. oe Se See 4.7 Sad 41.9 O22
20082i1 32 eee eke 4.6 27.3 40. 3 Slee
ZOOS 2 Aa! Newey AE 4.8 33. 5 44, 7 35. 9
DODSA Eee eae Sar 4.6 31. 6 45. 5 Secs
200822 a4 Sex * FeR eo kee 4.5 30. 3 42.6 33. 5
ZOOS 28s. So 4.4 30. 9 42.1 32. 6
DOD a eS 6 8 es 4.3 31.6 48. 6 37. 0
DIOS a eee 4.4 30. 1 43. 4 34.0
OOS ee Se ees 4.3 26. 6 38. 9 29. 9
POOSSO sisi ak ee Sie 4.6 30. 4 45. 7 35. 8
200850 S25. 2 ae hl 4.5 30. 7 42.8 33. 0
BIOS Ie ee a ee ME 4.4 26. 5 38. 2 29. 8
DODDS AO ee tee 2 ert 4.5 29. 5 41.8 oa. 2
OOS 5 0 es ele ce eat 4.6 32. 9 45, 2 34. 8
2055302 s.0Tveh LS: 4.3 32. 0 42.9 33. 1
200880 Eels Ber aw, 4.6 32. 3 43. 5 34. 6
2000502 eee ee 4.5 30. 1 44.7 Sond!
Bu0OaO a a ee 4. 4 26. 1 38. 2 29. 8
2098350». sheeple AEE 4.3 30. 0 43. 2 33. 2
ZIIS5 0S ame See is cae 4.5 Sila, 44.4 34. 3
ZOOS ORs ete neeee 4.3 28. 3 42. 4 32. 4
ZIOTG (2 We ees Ae 4.7 35. 0 46. 2 35. 8
POONG (es see 4k 4.5 30. 8 42.6 32. 9
ZOOUGT Ee ee eee 4.5 33. 4 44.6 35. 6
BBGTG Reb rer | Su arse 4.6 33. 0 44.3 34. 3
Obes ee gt 4.6 32. 2 43. 1 33. 4
384 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
U.S.N.M. no. Number of Length Greater Lesser
whorls diameter diameter
Mm Mm Mm
DOCG See ene eee 4.5 29. 0 40. 1 Sonal
25G1G Ts = aster Se 4.7 35. 8 48. 1 38. 0
S09382ee2 2 eee ae 4.9 33. 8 44.8 Spe
SO9SOG SEs Se eee 4.6 Sled 39. 9 31.9
S1LSbOs wee SS eee! 4. 6 34. 7 44.5 34. 9
STS DOs era eae eee 4,2 29. 2 43. 6 33. 0
Sl ooOo tee eee 4.8 35. 7 47.7 38. 0
Silo OAR ne abe. Mate 4.4 29. 4 40. 7 32. 0
SSE GARE ie tases ee See 4.5 33. 1 44.9 34. 5
Sl OA tee ee een 4.6 32. 3 43. 2 34. 9
SOO ae iepeeses._ Faye t 2 4.8 34. 3 45, 2 35. 5
SO OAS ee hee ee ae 4.6 32. 4 43. 8 34, 4
Sob Ota eas eee 4.5 30. 3 44.3 34. 3
SBSH G Aes sae ke en eis 4.7 33. 7 44.2 Sond
SUG ie se skye een 4.6 34. 6 41.6 33. 2
SO dae ae eee es ee 4.6 30. 0 40. 6 o1eD
SI Sh GAte sey et eee 4.9 30. 8 39. 3 31. 3
SOO 4s ee ee 4.6 30. 4 39. 1 SilenG
SIS56)L ee eee 4,7 34. 3 46. 4 35. 8
3135652 eae ae ee 5. 0 34. 7 45.9 36. 0
SSO 0 Se ees oe 4.4 30. 1 44.1 34. 4
SOO Dee es rere 4.5 31.6 46.9 Sono
SISSGoee Fa ine eS 4.4 31. 2 43. 0 33. 2
S1BHOOe See 4,2 29. 5 42.5 34, 1
SOOO ne ae ae ee 4.6 34. 7 46. 3 35. 8
SG ee an 4.3 30. 4 39. 8 31.5
SISOGDE se tae eee 4.6 29.8 38. 6 30. 6
SlSbOD esas eee 4,3 31.0 43. 3 33. 8
SUS HOS eae ee ee 4.8 31. 7 42.6 3a. 2
BS OG Ose eee mb 4.5 31.2 45.1 36. 0
SOD OOF es aeeee seo 4.4 28. 4 39. 2 30. 8
ile DOOWe ee eee ae 4.4 27. 5 38. 4 30. 7
So oOOM ease ae ee 4.8 27.8 36. 7 29. 3
i Od ela. Ee ae ee 4.5 32. 6 43. 0 33.00
SS oO 2s eas See he 4.6 32. 5 48. 3 Sere
SSO ate ae ae eee 4.4 33. 6 46. 3 35. 9
SUSSGT2— = ee Se eee 4.6 31.0 41.2 33. 0
USO Gere mee 4.3 30. 0 42.8 33. 4
SIBSG (ek cee ee 4.6 32. 1 45. 6 35. 9
BUS SO ae is ee ae see 4.8 34. 1 42.7 33. 8.
SLE sete ee ee 4.4 30. 5 42.8 Soe
SOG ose eee eS 4.6 Silene 45. 5 35. 4
SloDOW ste eee eee eee 4.9 33. 8 42.3 San2
AM ETAR Cine = et ak ee 4. 55 31. 34 43. 14 33. 84
Grestestaes =o ee 5. 00 35. 8 48. 6 38. 0
FGSASt aes ree are 4. 20 26. 1 36. 7 29. 3
I am reproducing (pl. 94, figs. 4-7) Grateloup’s figure and also
figures of a perfect specimen from San Teodoro, Mindoro.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) PERPALLIDA Bartsch
PLATE 94, Fiaurzs 8-10
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) perpallida Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 335.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 885
The nuclear whorls and the ground color of the postnuclear whorls
are white. Where the periostracum remains there seems to be a basal
Im of straw color, upon which is superimposed a thin film of wood
brown, which is variously spirally banded with darker brown. On
the base these bandings become more emphasized. The interior of
the aperture and the peristome are white. Nuclear whorls 2.1, well
rounded, marked by incremental lines, and the last portion of the
last turn by the beginning of fine spiral striations. The postnuclear
whorls are strongly rounded and marked by fine incremental lines
and fine, closely approximated, spiral striations, which are conspic-
uously developed on all the turns, as well as on the base. The summit
of the whorls is appressed; the periphery feebly angulated; the base
inflated and strongly rounded. The aperture is broadly oval, almost
subcircular, oblique. The outer lip is moderately expanded and
reflected; the inner lip is decidedly oblique and almost straight, the
columellar side being somewhat excavated and covered by a thin
white callus, which also extends over the parietal wall.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313568) was collected by Pedro de Mesa
at Tabukala near San Teodoro, Mindoro. It has 4.6 whorls and
measures: Length, 37.2 mm; greater diameter, 47 mm; lesser diameter,
35.3 mm.
This species strongly suggests Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) melanocheila
in general size and the hydrophanous markings of the periostracum,
but the ground color of the nuclear whor!s, the aperture, and expanded
peristome are white instead of dark. The aperture and columella
also are more oblique. I am therefore inclined to believe that it is
not merely a color phase of melanocheila.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) AOPTA (Clench and Archer)
1933. Helicostyla (Calocochlea) aopta CuencH and Arcurr, Papers Michigan
Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 542, pl. 57, fig. 3.
“Shell imperforate, globose, rather solid. Nuclear whorl white,
gradually shading off into darkish, dull yellow on the body whorl.
From the nuclear whorl onward a brownish red subsutural band;
from about one and one-half whorls from the nuclear whorl a reddish,
gradually widening, gradually darkening band situated a short dis-
tance above the suture and continuing as a superperipheral band on
the body whor!; a broad, brownish band on the body whorl just below
the periphery. A brown circumcolumellar band present; aperture
white; peristome and columella white; a slight hydrophanous cuticle
appearing on the body whorl in the form of axial streaks cutting across
the bands. Whorls 4, rounded, gradually increasing, and quite broad
in back of the peristome; spire somewhat elevated; aperture broadly
oblique and open; peristome rounded, moderately expanded and re-
curved; columella broad, slanting from the basicolumellar region
1125-22
386 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
sharply inward toward the parietal wall; parietal callus extremely
thin; suture moderately impressed. Sculpture consisting of crowded
axial folds or lines, indistinct on the nuclear whorl, but gradually
becoming plainer beyond that area.”
The holotype (Mus. Comp. Zodl. no. 81354) was collected between
Puerto Galera and San Teodoro, Mindoro, by Pedro de Mesa. It
measures: Altitude, 35.5 mm; diameter, 39.5 mm; aperture height,
21 mm; aperture width, 20 mm.
“This interesting new species is unfortunately represented by but
a single specimen. It has hitherto been overlooked and may be quite
rare. Jt bears a resemblance to several species from Luzon. It seems
closest to H. persimilis Fér. It is a duller yellow with lighter bands
and a narrower peristome, and is more depressed, having wider
whorls.”
As this species was described by Clench and Archer after our manu-
script was turned in for publication, we are unable to include a figure
of it in this paper.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA (Férussac)
Shell of medium size, helicoid, subglobular. The different subspecies
vary materially in the color of the periostracum as well as in the color
of the substance of the shell. In some both periostracum and shell
are white; in others the periostracum is pale straw color, in others
deeper yellow turning toward orange, while in still others it may be
wood brown and almost black. The thickness of the periostracum is
also decidedly variable. In some of the races it is thin, almost eva-
nescent, while in others it is rather thick. The shell may be without
bands; when this occurs, it is usually in the dark-colored forms, but
even there banding is present in most specimens. In some races the
banding is confined to a narrow zone on the summit of the whorls
and the umbilical area, while in others a number of spiral bands are
present between the summit and the umbilicus. The interior of the
aperture in all the specimens before me is bluish white, even in the
almost black individuals, and the peristome is edged with dark brown,
although in one race, C. (Calocochlea) roissyana cavitala, from Mount
Calavite, the dark peristome is less accentuated. Nuclear whorls about
2, slightly rounded, marked by fine incremental lines and on the last
portion of the last turn by the beginning of spiral striations. The
postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, appressed at the summit,
and marked by fine incremental lines and very fine spiral striations.
The periphery is feebly obsoletely angulated. Base inflated, strongly
rounded, and having the same sculpture as the spire. The aperture
is subcircular, slightly oblique. The peristome is slightly expanded
and reflected; the columella is rather stout and oblique and slightly
excavated.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 387
I am recognizing a number of subspecies or geographic races, which
appear to have circumscribed habitats.
Hidalgo ” referred Helix infuscata Albers here as a subspecies. I
do not agree with him on this point. It is not a member of the Cochlo-
styla roissyana complex; nor do I accept his references of this species
occurring in the islands of Tablas, Leyte, and Mindanao. These
evidently rest upon misidentifications.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA
Shell wathiperipheral ikeeluzme ss .videals la. iemore gon secu teluae. monacha
Shell without peripheral keel.
Shell dark brown.
Shell wihhh many DanGs 2 Fee it See oe ee a bartschi
Shell not with many bands.
Outerip ‘very darki.t2320_ 2 Otocls. ee Pinal subatra
Quterdipilight i t:Femsd sistas. sass 2 4e satargeih lutea
Shell not dark brown.
prbre Ona TG eo 8 ke ei ae a A nt pag See eee he el lutea
Shell not orange.
Shell of light ground color.
Periostracum pale lemon.
Dark spiral bands predominating over the light zones.
cavitala
Dark spiral bands not predominating over the light zones.
roissyana
Periostracum not pale lemon.
Periostracum pale straw color.
Band at the summit broad__--._-._---- manlaysa
Band at the summit narrow__-_-------- laymansa
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA MONACHA (Clench and Archer)
1933. Helicostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana monacha CLENcH and ARcHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 539, pl. 57, fig. 1.
‘Shell imperforate, globose, rather solid. Nuclear whorl ivory-
yellow, which continues onward to the edge of the peristome and
becomes slightly tinged with brown. From the nuclear whorl onward
a subsutural dark brown band, at first very narrow, but gradually
widening; from the first whorl succeeding the nuclear whorl onward
a supersutural dark brown band, at first very slight, but rather rap-
idly widening until it develops into a strong band above the periphery
of the body whorl. Just below the periphery of the body whorl an
ivory-yellow band covered most of the way by a thick cartridge-buff
zone of hydrophanous cuticle; below the subperipheral yellow band a
broad dark brown zone covering most of the base, but interrupted
near the columella by another yellowish band, and inside that a dark
brown circumcolumellar band. Body whorl suffused by a rather
10 Obras malacologicas, p. 464, 1901.
388 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
light hydrophanous cuticle ornamented by spiral lines at irregular
distances from one another, these in turn being cut across by rather
faint axial lines. As already mentioned, there is a subperipheral
band of hydrophanous cuticle. Peristome blackish brown; columella
white; aperture white; whorls 4, only slightly convex, body whorl
keeled; spire rather flat; peristome narrow, rounded, slightly reflected,
slightly recurved; columella broad, flat, and rather straight, slanting
at 111° angle from the basal lip inward toward the parietal wall;
parietal callus thin, aperture dome-shaped; suture very slightly im-
pressed. Sculpture consisting of closely crowded axial striae, cut
across by spiral lines, which are especially common below the periph-
ery of the body whorl.”
Holotype (Mus. Comp. Zoél. no. 81353) collected at Binuafigan,
Paltian, Mindoro, by Pedro de Mesa. It measures: Altitude, 33.5
mm; diameter, 39.5 mm; aperture height, 17.5 mm; aperture width,
16.5 mm.
“This species is readily distinguishable from H. melanochila by its
keel and its higher spire. The stronger development of spiral lines is.
another difference. Its lighter color, especially on the spire, and
scantier hydrophanous cuticle are other distinguishing characteristics.
It also has a stronger columella. It is unique among the known
Helicostylae of the section Calecochlea which occur in Mindoro in
possessing a definite keel. The species is probably rare; only one
specimen is known.”
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA BARTSCHI (Clench MS.) Bartsch
PLatE 95, Figures 10-12
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana bartschi Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 335.
1933. Helicostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana bartschi CuENcH and ARCHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 541, pl. 17, fig. 2.
Shell subglobular; the nuclear and early postnuclear whorls are
flesh-color, gradually changing to brown. There is a narrow dark
zone at the summit and another showing immediately posterior to the
periphery. The periphery is pale buff, while the base is dark brown,
with an obscure lighter median zone. The interior of the aperture
and columella are bluish white, while the outer lip is dark. The
entire shell is covered by a pale gray periostracum, which shows vari-
ous hydrophanous spiral bands both on spire and base.
The 20 specimens of this race in our collection, collected by Pedro
de Mesa at Anduyanan, Paluan, Mindoro, are so uniform, both in
general form and coloration, that I do not hesitate to consider this a
good race. They yield the following measurements:
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 389
The NM ono Number of Height Greater Lesser
diameter diameter
SISHSS anes ara, MS 5. 2 ole 7 33. 4 28. 4
SIS 58Ssit tel _« Seat eee Dak Sot Sask 28. 4
SIS HSS ueee oot ee 5. 0 28. 6 32. 5 27.5
SIB5SS Reh aA Oe, ye 31. 2 34. 0 29. 2
SUSHSS: Sse foes ee ates Dine, 33. 3 32. 2 Died.
DLS OSoee es nee eee 5. 2 33. 8 Sono 29. 6
SS5SS aera e es ees ao Sad aoe 29. 0
SUS5SSe ree yet cens ok Syl! 31. 4 32. 9 28. 5
BiB Se een ye ge lo Sal Dap 29. 7 32. 5 Dimas
SUS HSS se eee ee 5. 4 35. 9 33. 9 29. 6
SISbS8at. Seeley oes 551 32. 8 Sone 28. 3
SIS5SS ees Jae eeupeeee 2 5. 0 Soe 34. 8 30. 5
SUSSR8S Ne =e see a 5), Al lene sou 28. 6
BUSH SS eer oe papel bas 5. 2 Son SoS 29. 3
SiO Seer eta 5. 4 31.8 Sileud Den
SISSSS mses eee 5S 34. 2 Base 29. 7
SISSSS heise eer & a. L 29. 5 33. 0 27.8
SOS eda tee ete ef 5. 2 30. 9 32,8 27. 4
SB 1S oy See te are rear te aed toes 5. 6 35. 5 $253 28. 2
SIBSSS— 2 3 ie oo a 5. 4 34. 8 SoG 29. 9
Averagets 2228. Siar SP 2 5. 2 32. 42 33. 31 28. 6
Greatest! |. #2 2 2 3. 5. 6 35. 9 Sono 30. 5
east eee. SiGe AL 5. 0 28. 6 S1AG Dla
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA SUBATRA Pilsbry
Puate 95, Figures 7-9
1841. Helix roissyana var. d SowErRBy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, pp. 101—
102; in part.
1846. Helix roissyana PreirreR, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2,
vol. 1, Abt. 12, Theil 2, pp. 283-284 (in part), pl. 47, fig. 3.
1851. Helix roissyana Reeve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 18, figs. 73b, 73c.
1887. Cochlostyla roissyana HipauaGo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 146; in part.
1892. Cochlostyla roissyana subatra Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 152,
pl. 30, fig. 28.
1895. Helicostyla roissyana subatra Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 223.
1898. Cochlostyla roissyana cuticulare M6LLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz,
vol. 22, p. 122.
1898. Cochlostyla roissyana subatra MOLLENDORFF, tbid., p. 122.
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana var o H1ipaua@o, Obras malacologicas, p. 466, pl. 51, fig. 2.
1910. Cochlostyla roissyana subatra MO6.LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER,
Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 204-205 (in
part), pl. 42, fig. 3.
1910. Cochlostyla roissyana cuticulare M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER,
tbid., pp. 204-205 (in part), pl. 42, fig. 4.
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana subatra Bartscx, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 335.
1933. Helicostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana cuticularis CLENcH and ARCHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 541.
Shell varying from decidedly subglobular to elevated helicoid. The
nuclear whorls may be dark or light, and the coloration varies from
dark brown to orange. The postnuclear whorl is usually light, with
390 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
a zone of brown at the summit and frequently a narrow line of brown
showing above the suture. Both of these brown lines as a rule grad-
ually increase in width until they entirely blot out the light zone
between them. The base is usually unicolor, although sometimes
the umbilical area, which is dark, is bordered by a little paler zone
posteriorly. The interior of the aperture is bluish white, and the
outer lip is brown; the columellar area though white is occasionally
tinged with brown. When the periostracum is present this is usually
of a dull wood-brown color, sometimes faintly spirally lined.
I have two shells before me that are pale orange and suggest in
their color scheme the orange form from IJlin Island, but in shape
they conform more with subatra. There is no definite locality men-
tioned. A series of 38 specimens yields the following measurements:
Number of Greator Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. whorls Length diameter diametor
Averaivett 12020 SiO)
Greatest... copes ast
POT | OUR OT OU STOTT SU OTE OUR OUST OUR STOTT OTR OT OTR OT OUST SUES OU OTR OUST ER
DRO] COCNDOSOOHPBUINOAWWRAONEHOHRWONHKOOCDORPMOENON
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 391
The present race can be distinguished from the dark race from Hin
Island by its larger size and dark lip.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA LUTEA (Pfeiffer)
Piates 95, Fiaures 1-6
1869. Helix roissyana var. PreirreR, Novitates conchologicae, vol. 3, p. 497,
pl. 107, figs. 10, 11.
1876. Helix roissyana lutea Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
7, p. 324.
1892. Gauihta roissyana lutea Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 152,
pl. 30, figs. 23, 24.
1895. Helicostyla roissyana lutea Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 223.
1989. Cochlostyia roissyana lutea M6OLLENDORYF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz,
vol. 22, p. 122.
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana var. c HipauGo, Obras malacologicas, pt. 1, p. 465.
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana var. m H1pauco, ibid., p. 466, pl. 122, fig. 2.
1910. Cochlostyla roissyana lutea M6LLENDORFF, KoBett, and WINTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 204-205; in part.
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana lutea Bartscn, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 335.
Tlin Island has a small race of Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana.
Quadras was the first one to point out that the yellow shell that
Pfeiffer described and figured in 1869 in his Novitates Conchologicae
came from Ilin Island. Four specimens before me, which undoubtedly
belong here, agree quite well with Pfeiffer’s diagnosis, and they agree
so well with the host of material before me in shape, although this is
of extremely dark coloration, that I am led to believe that they prob-
ably represent only color phases of the Ilin Island race. I am there-
fore giving a description of both. The typical Cochlostyla (Calo-
cochlea) roissyana lutea figured by Pfeiffer is of orange color with a
light band a little distance below the summit, which bears a dark
band. Beginning with the next to the last whorl, the ight zone more
and more covers the whorls until only a narrow suprasutural band
and a narrow zone of orange are present at the summit. The base is
also of orange color, with the columella and expanded peristome light
edged with an orange margin at the outer periphery. The dark shells
may be described as follows:
Shell small, globular; nuclear whorls bluish white, the first postnu-
clear turn soiled flesh-color, the rest brown, usually with an incon-
spicuous broad median paler brown zone. Base brown. The entire
surface is covered by a dull pale grayish brown periostracum. The
interior of the aperture and columella are white; the peristome is
edged with dark brown. A light zone bordering the dark columellar
patch is seen on the parietal wall within the aperture.
The specimens before me were collected by Pedro de Mesa on Ilin
Island, south of Mindoro.
392 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The specimens yield the following measurements:
Number of en Greater Lesser
U,S.N.M. no. Length ainranrae diniatar
Average
Greatest
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.9
5. 0
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.9
4,7
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.9
4.6
5. 0
4.5
4.9
4.6
5. 0
5. 0
4.9
4.6
aed
5. 0
4.5
NOW| NORTUIAWDWORFOOFOCOUMUNOCONOP WOON OO
WI | PTNOOUNOMDAMNORDMDENWDONWOONN PWS
This race is easily distinguished from the other dark-colored forms
by its smaller size. The dark Ilin Island shells are differentiated from
those of Mindoro by having the peristome of the outer lip paler, in
most instances white or merely edged with brown, while in the Mindoro
shells the outer lip is dark.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA CAVITALA Bartsch
Puate 96, Figures 10-12
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana cavitala Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell large, subglobular. The nuclear whorls when perfect are
covered with a thin olivaceous periostracum. The nuclear whorls
and the early postnuclear whorls are flesh-color, with a zone of black
near the summit and immediately posterior to the periphery. These
zones increase rapidly in size but always maintain between them a
broad band of flesh-color. A narrow zone of flesh-color is present on
the periphery and still another at the middle of the base. The latter
is frequently tinged with brown or reddish brown, the rest of the base
being like the bands of the spire, very dark brown. The aperture
is bluish white showing the dark bands within. The columella is
soiled white, while the outer lip is dark.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 393
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313589) was collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Mount Calavite, Paluan, Mindoro. It has 5.3 whorls and measures:
Length, 37.2 mm; greater diameter, 36.5 mm; lesser diameter, 32.2 mm.
Thirteen topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313590) from the same source
yield the following additional measurements:
Number of x Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. whorls diameter diameter
PR OUST OT OU OT OST OT ON
MNO NOUORNUFR
Be heuweeS ote wes
pe eo oe
Ee ek eo ae
U.S.N.M. no. 313591 contains nine specimens from Calawagan,
northeastern Mindoro, which in part agree with the present race and
in part tend toward the dark-colored Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) subatra.
I am placing them provisionally here. They yield the following meas-
urements:
313591
Average
great | STON OTST STOTT oT EH
aoe WPWEROROD
con | aOmMmoNHHo
owe | mrmMANoNoN
wor co | ARWWMOWWS
This race differs from C. (C.) roissyana bartschi in being uniformly
lighter colored.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA ROISSYANA (Férussac)
Puate 96, Ficures 7-9
1822. Helix roissyana Férussac, Tableaux systématiques des animaux mollusques
..., p. 47; a nomen nudum and manuscript name.
1830. Helix roissyana DresnayeEs, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 2, p. 265.
1837. Helicostyla roissyana Brcx, Index molluscorum praesentis aevi musei prin-
cipis augustissimi Christiani Frederici, p. 37.
3894 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
1841. Helix roissyana SowERBY, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, pp. 101-102; in
part.
1848. Helix roissyana PreirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 1,
p. 249.
1849. Helix roissyana PreirFeR, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2,
vol. 1, Abt. 12, Theil 1, pp. 283-284 (in part), pl. 47, figs. 1, 2.
1850. Helicostyla roissyana ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 104.
1850. Helix roissyana Desnayes, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mollusques
. , vol. 1, pp. 297-298, pl. 104, figs. 2, 3; pl. 107, figs. 11-13.
1851. Helix roissyana Renve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 18, text; in part.
1853. Helix roissyana PreirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
p. 187.
1855. Helicostyla roissyana H. and A. Apams, The genera of recent Mollusca,
vol. 2, p. 192.
1856. Helix (Callicochlias) roissyana PFEIFFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 148.
1859. Helix roissyana PrrirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4,
p. 209.
1860. Helicostyla roissyana Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 175.
1868. Helix roissyana PrrirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 5,
p. 281.
1876. Helix roissyana Prrirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 324.
1877. Cochlostyla roissyana SpmMpxER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2,
vol. 3, p. 185.
1887. Cochlostyla roissyana HipauGo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, pp. 146-147; in
part.
1892. Cochlostyla roissyana Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 7, pp. 151-152,
pl. 30, figs. 25-27.
1895. Helicostyla roissyana PrusBpry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 223.
1896. Cochlostyla roissyana Evera, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 576; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla roissyana Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 252, 254,
258, 300, 312, 313, 316, 318, 334, 335, 341, 351.
1898. Cochlostyla roissyana M6OLLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
p. 122.
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana HipauaGo, Obras malacologicas, p. 465 (in part), pl. 50
fig. 3; pl. 51, figs. 3-6; pl. 122, fig. 3.
1910. Cochlostyla roissyana M@6LLENDORFF, KOBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 204-205 (in part), pl.
42, figs. 1, 2.
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana roissyana BartscH, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 335.
1933. Helicostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana CLENCH and ArcHER, Papers Michigan
Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 540.
Shell varying from subglobose to helicoid in shape. The early
whorls are of a little paler ground color than the later, which are
covered with a pale-yellow periostracum. In the specimen figured
by Férussac (pl. 104, figs. 2 and 3) there is a brown zone at the summit
of the postnuclear turns, a narrow brown zone at the periphery, and
a dark zone about the umbilicus. The outer lip is also dark. At
variance with this we have specimens without the peripheral brown
band and others in which the peripheral brown band is much broader
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 395
than in the specimen figured, and still others in which there is a broad
basal dark brown band about halfway between the peripheral zone
and the dark area about the columella. Our plate 96, figure 8, illus-
trates this. The columella in all our specimens is white, sometimes
with a pinkish tinge. Most of our material was collected by Wor-
cester and Bourns on the Menage Expedition.
While our specimens bear numbers, we do not have the data going
therewith, but we know that Worcester and Bourns collected about
Calapan and Naujan; in other words, in northeastern Mindoro.
A series of 40 specimens yields the following data:
G S
U.S.N.M. no. Nuols. | Length Sepa nl ae
Mm Mm Mm
ba GS GTS be oh t 58 4.9 28.3 29.5 25.8
Sine oe 5.0 34.0 34. 0 29. 8
daesee. Be DNAS GUI 4.9 28. 8 22.1 27.8
Ua il lee hes th eee oa 4,9 27.9 29. 9 26. 0
Soh eee 4.9 30. 1 32. 8 26.3
Hisoi4es) O07 No ee 4.9 26. 0 32.9 27.0
Silly FEN ye oe 5.0 30.3 eas 26. 0
aise eee 4.9 28, 4 32.1 27.8
S1S6i UAB EO 4.5 28. 4 33.2 28. 2
ASOT Bee eet 5.1 30. 2 30. 4 26. 8
ISGlo ee ee 4,8 26. 5 29. 6 24.9
SiS6ISh 229 Od Os ft 4,4 27.2 29.3 25. 2
Sis Gi uern a a a 26. 5 30. 2 25.7
RISGIO fet een a. 4.6 24.6 29. 9 26.3
Sige te 4. 4 25. 2 31.9 27.3
S931. J tern i 5. 0 24.9 29. 4 25.1
See ee 45 25. 0 29. 7 24.8
Sino 4.6 26. 8 32. 0 26.5
SiaGto. eet 4.8 24. 6 28. 4 24.7
sho. tor ee y 4.7 27.3 28. 9 25.5
Sieg POR Rte 4.6 26. 0 30. 2 25.7
| Siggie 1 8a iS 4.7 26. 2 29. 0 24.5
Spo. ok eee te 4.7 26. 0 30. 4 26. 5
i seis Se ee: 4.8 27.1 31.5 26. 8
eS cae a a Sa 4.6 25.0 30. 2 25.7
Ne otagioe ea soo es aE 4.7 27.0 31.2 25.8
Sinise 4.6 27,7 31.6 26. 8
ete eerie tse 4.6 26. 5 30. 2 25. 5
Sie iN) epee elena 4,7 25.5 28.8 24.9
| s19nte So 5. 0 29.8 31.8 27.7
Sige ase Nt 4.6 27.4 32.3 27.5
Siglo aoe or 4.6 27.5 31.2 27.0
Sie Se 4.6 27.5 3341 27.8
Sipe poe ae a 7 29. 0 31.6 27.6
Spee ho ee 27 28. 0 30.5 26. 0
SiSGI) cbs tee eed 4.6 27.3 29. 0 25. 6
1083hs hte ae er. 5. 0 25.8 28.1 23.9
he TRG ee oe ae, 28. 6 31.3 27.5
Bast eee Ne 4.9 27.5 29.3 26. 0
TOs ee 4.8 27.5 29.8 26. 7
AVGTAR OS = a5 seo 4. 74 27. 35 30. 46 26. 32
Grestest |. 3 ost 5.1 34. 0 34. 0 29.8
Kensie Csae ers Gal 6 4. 4 24. 6 22.1 23. 9
396 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The yellow periostracum distinguishes this, the typical race, from
the rest.
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA MANLAYSA Bartsch
Puatr 96, Figures 1-3
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana var. e Hipauao, Obras malacologicas, p. 465, pl. 51,
fig.
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana manlaysa Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell subglobular, with the periostracum almost white, sometimes
with a little pinkish tinge. A zone of brown marks the summit of the
whorls, and another, usually narrow, may be present immediately
above the periphery, or this may be absent. There is always a dark-
brown area about the umbilicus and usually a broad band of brown
midway between the peripheral zone and the dark umbilical area.
The outer lip is dark.
This race is distinguished chiefly from typical roissyana by its much
paler color. I collected a series of specimens on the east shore of
Mansalay Bay, Mindoro.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313614) has 5 whorls and measures:
Length, 31.6 mm; greater diameter, 34.7 mm; lesser diameter, 29.8 mm.
U.S.N.M. no. 255928 contains a number of topotypes, which yield
the following measurements:
Number of Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. Length diameter diameter
whorls
IAVCTA Ces Si «merase ees
Greatestan tae ene
Pook | ook OOOO RR RR
mW oo WroOoONnanNNsAT& OO
OND |] NOWORNONOOM
NON] NOUTNNWHWUMW
OOO] POCIOMWOOOWr
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 397
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) ROISSYANA LAYMANSA Bartsch
Puate 96, Figures 4-6
1851. Helix roissyana Rerve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 18, fig. 73a.
1887. Cochlostyla roissyana Hipauaeo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 146; in part.
1896. Cochlostyla roissyana var. ELERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 576.
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana var. d H1paueo, Obras malacologicas, p. 465, pl. 51,
fig. 1; pl. 122, fig. 4?.
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana laymansa Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell rather small, globular, covered with a thin periostracum,
which is the color of the blush of a green plum. In all our specimens
there is a zone of brown at the summit and a dark area about the
umbilicus. In addition to that there may be a supraperipheral band
and a band between the periphery and the base. In some of the
specimens the last whorl becomes gradually brown toward the aper-
ture. Jn such there is usually a zone of the ground color at the
periphery.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313616) has 5.1 whorls and measures:
Length, 30.8 mm; greater diameter, 31.1 mm; lesser diameter, 26.7 mm.
U.S.N.M. no. 255958 contains 17 topotypes, the perfect specimens
of which measure:
; Number of Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. whorls Length diameter diameter
bo
Average
Greatest
NOW | WOOWDWNONOONNEPNO Ob
FON] OOM NOP NNONTOWONOsT
4.8
4.8
5. 0
4,6
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
4,8
5. 0
4.8
4.9
4.6
5. 0
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.7
5. 0
4.6
Oot) PONOOMNOORH WOE RODE OO
This race coming from the western shore of Mansalay Bay can
easily be distinguished from the others by its pale greenish plum color.
398 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (CALOCOCHLEA) GERTRUDIS Millendorff, Kobelt, and Winter
PLATE 97, Fiaures 1-3
1853. Helix solida PreirFeR, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p. 263; not Bulimus
solidus Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842, p. 152.
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana solida HipauGo, Obras malacologicas, pt. 1, pp.
463-466; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla roissyana var. gq H1pauao, ibid., p. 466.
1910. Cochlostyla gertrudis M6 LLENDORFF, KosrLt, and WINTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 205-206 (in part), pl. 42,
fig. 5.
1932. Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) gertrudis Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.
vol, 22, p. 336.
Shell helicoid. The early whorls are buff with a pinkish tinge; the
later turns, becoming increasingly darker, finally brown. The ground
color, however, when the periostracum is removed, is yellowish
olivaceous-buff. The interior of the aperture and columella are
white, while the outer lip is tinged with pale brown. Nuclear whorls
1.7, depressed, moderately rounded, and marked by incremental lines,
the last half of the last whorl being rather rough. The postnuclear
whorls are moderately well rounded, the first one fairly smooth and
marked by incremental lines and fine spiral striations. The succeed-
ing turn is marked by obsolete riblike axially slanting threads, which
become weaker on the last turn and more closely approximated.
These whorls also show microscopic spiral striations. The periphery
is feebly angulated; base moderately rounded and marked by thread-
like axial riblets and spiral lines. The aperture is broadly oval,
oblique; the outer lip is very slightly expanded and reflected; columella
broad, somewhat excavated, and oblique.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 201040) was
collected by Quadras at Santa Maliyboy, Bongabon, Mindoro. It has
5 whorls and measures: Length, 28.8 mm; greater diameter, 36.7
mm; lesser diameter, 30.1 mm.
Another specimen (U.S.N.M. no. 255973), from Mansalay Bay,
Mindoro, collected by myself, has 4.8 whorls and measures: Length,
25.8 mm; greater diameter, 34.2 mm; lesser diameter, 28.1 mm.
Pfeiffer, in 1843," described Bulimus solidus from San Juan,
Cagayan, Province of Luzon, which is a Cochlostyla. Later, in 1853,”
he described Helix solida, which is likewise a Cochlostyla. This
second name, therefore, has to be suppressed, and this was done in
1910 by Méllendorff, Kobelt, and Winter ™ who rechristened the shell
Cochlostyla gertrudis, the name here applied.
In a general way this shell recalls Cochlostyla roissyana, but it is
more depressed and more helicoid and lacks the dark columellar area
so characteristic of that species.
11 Proc. Zool. Soe. London for 1842, p. 152, 1843.
12 Proc. Zool. Soc. London for 1851, p. 263, 1853.
18 Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 205-206, 1910.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 399
Subgenus HALOCOCHLEA Bartsch
1932. Halocochlea Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol, 22, p. 336.
In this subgenus the shell is helicoid. The periphery is angulated.
The last whorl slopes almost at the same angle posteriorly and basally
from the periphery. The outer lip is slightly expanded and reflected,
and the columella is very oblique and excavated. There is scarcely
any calcareous material in the shell, which is thin and diaphanous.
Type: Cochlostyla (Halocochlea) lillianae Bartsch.
COCHLOSTYLA (HALOCOCHLEA) LILLIANAE Bartsch
PuLatE 97, Ficures 4-6
1932. Cochlostyla (Halocochlea) lillianae Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol, 22, p. 336.
The shell is exceedingly thin, in fact so thin that by transmitted
light one is able to see all the internal structure, including the col-
umella, as plainly as if one were looking through a piece of thin greenish
glass. The nuclear whorls are white, and the postnuclear whorls very
pale yellowish olive-green. There is a dark chestnut-brown columellar
area, which contrasts markedly with the green base and the white of
the columellar area. The reflected outer lip is pale green, while the
interior of the aperture is pearly gray. There is also a very slender.
brown thread separated by a space about as wide as a thread from the.
summit of the turn on the last whorl. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded,
smooth. The postnuclear whorls are somewhat inflated, strongly
rounded, marked by fine incremental lines, which have an almost
threadlike appearance, and numerous, closely spaced, microscopic:
spiral striations on both spire and base. The aperture is almost
circular; the suture is slightly impressed and the periphery obsoletely-
angulated. The base is moderately long and strongly rounded.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 255825), collected by Col. Edgar A.
Mearns on Mount Halcon, has 4.2 whorls and measures: Length,
27.7 mm; greater diameter, 28.3 mm; lesser diameter, 23.7 mm.
I have taken great pleasure in naming this species for Miss Lillian
Mearns, daughter of the collector. It is one of the most exquisite
species known from the Philippine Islands, and the type at the present
time constitutes the only known specimen. :
Subgenus HELICOSTYLA Férussace
In this subgenus the shell varies from ovate to elongate-ovate. The
apex is blunt and the base expanded and usually conspicuously differ-.
entiated from the spire by color markings. A thin dehiscent perios-
tracum is present. The outer lip is somewhat expanded. and reflected,
and the columella slightly excavated.
400 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Type: Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) mirabilis (Férussac).
I am placing two of the Mindoro Province species here, namely,
Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) fulgens (Sowerby) and C. (H.) dimera (Jonas).
COCHLOSTYLA (HELICOSTYLA) FULGENS (Sowerby)
Shell varying in shape from broadly ovate to elongate-ovate, im-
perforate, the spire with a blunt apex. In the various races before me
the ground color of the postnuclear whorls is milk-white; that of the
nuclear turns in the fresh state is translucent pale horn color. The
spire is covered with a thin, scarcely perceptible film of periostracum,
while the base is much more provided with this element. In fact,
the base appears as if covered with a heavy coat of varnish. The
postnuclear whorls are variously banded with chestnut-brown or
almost blackish brown; sometimes a combination of these colors is
present on the same shell. In most of our specimens there is but a
single band on the spire; in some, however, we have a brown zone near
the summit and two or three anterior to this. The base is by far the
more variably marked portion of the shell. The columellar area is
always dark, and in addition to this there may be one, two, or three
bands of varying width present, or these bands may become fused to
form a completely dark base or there may be a zone or two of light
color. The interior of the aperture is white, frequently showing the
dark spiral bands of the outside within. These bands appear to
belong to the very substance of the shell. The peristome is white.
Nuclear whorls about 1.5, forming an almost flattened apex. The
succeeding turns are somewhat inflated and strongly rounded. The
periphery is well rounded, and the base is rather short, inflated, and
well rounded. The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively
curved, fine microscopic lines of growth and microscopic spiral stria-
tions.
The aperture is oblique, almost subcircular; the outer lip moderately
expanded and reflected. The columella is broad, widest in the middle.
The parietal wall is covered by a thin, translucent callus.
This species appears to be confined to the northern and eastern
portion of Mindoro. It seems to break up into several races, which
may be distinguished by the following key:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (HELICOSTYLA) FULGENS
Base covered by a thick olivaceous-yellow periostracum.
Shell, broa@ly:OVat@. 2252 ee eS ee ee fulgens
SiethtelOu ra UpsOVAtes <2 eae ns ee ee en ee eee johnsoni
Base not covered by a thick olivaceous-yellow periostracum.
Base covered by a thin yellow periostracum_____--~-------------- sapolana
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 401
COCHLOSTYLA (HELICOSTYLA) FULGENS FULGENS (Sowerby)
PLATE 98, Fiagures 4-12
1841. Helix fulgens Sowrnrsy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1841, p. 3.
1842. Helix fulgens PreirreR, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 28.
1848. Helix fulgens Prnirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 221.
1849. Hetix fulgens Preirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2,
vol. 1, Abt. 12, Theil 1, pp. 287-288, pl. 48, figs. 3, 4.
1850. Helicostyla fulgens ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 104.
1851. Helix fulgens REEVE, Conchologia iconica, pl. 7, figs. 3la, 31b.
1851. Helix fulgens Desuayes, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mollusques
. . vol. 1, pp.818—-319, pl. 108, figs. 1, 2, 9, 10.
1853. Helix fulgens Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3, p. 172.
1855. Helicostyla fulgens H. and A. Apams, The genera of recent Mollusca, vol. 2,
p. 192.
1856. Helix (Helicostyla) fulgens PretrFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 145.
1859. Helix fulgens PreirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4, p. 206.
1860. Helicostyla fulgens Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 175.
1868. Helix fulgens Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 5, p. 274.
1887. Cochlostyla fulgens Hipauao, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 145.
1892. Cochlostyla mirabilis fulgens Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 7, pp.
182-183.
1895. Helicostyla mirabilis fulgens PrusBry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 224.
1896. Cochlostyla fulgens Ewtrra, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 586.
1897. Cochlostyla fulgens Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 258, 284, 331,
341, 351.
1898. Cochlostyla fulgens M6LLENDORF?, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p. 113.
1901. Cochlostyla fulgens H1pauco, Obras malacologicas, pp. 453-455 (in part),
pl. 36. fig. 5; pl 50, fig. 5; pl. 95, fig. 1; pl. 132, fig. 6.
1909. Cochlostyla fulgens M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, p. 153, pl. 30, fig. 7.
1932. Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) fulgens fulgens Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
1933. Helicostyla (Helicostyla) fulgens CLENcH and ArcHeErR, Papers Michigan
Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 5438.
Shell broadly ovate, rather solid, ground color milk-white, the spire
being usually covered with the merest indication of a film of periostra-
cum, while the basal portion is much more strongly provided with this
element, which here forms a thick olivaceous-yellow coating. In addi-
tion to this there are various spiral bands varying in color from bright
chestnut-brown to brownish black. These differ in pumber both on
spire and base. In most instances we have a single broad band, almost
median between summit and spire, which begins on an early whorl as a
slender bright chestnut-colored line and gradually becomes inteusified
in coloration until it may be almost black. This band is frequently
flanked with a narrower one posterior to it. Sometimes the two are
both broad and separated by a mere lighter line; sometimes, too, there
is a broad band of brown immediately below the summit of the shell.
The base is far more variable in its ornamentation than the spire. It
1185—38——3
402 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
always has the columellar area dark, and in addition some of the speci-
mens before me, apparently from the same locality, may show a single
band of brown, while in others two or three bands may be present, and
in some instances the entire base may be dark or relieved by a lighter
zone. These basal bands vary materially in width and spacing, as well
as in color, for some are dark, almost blackish brown, while in others
the chestnut element prevails or a mixture of the two may be present.
The aperture is bluish white within, which is also the color of the ex-
panded and reflected peristome. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded,
smooth. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, appressed at
the summit, and marked by slender, retractively slanting, axial lines of
growth and also by very fine microscopic spiral striations. This
sculpture is present on both spire and base. The aperture is broadly
ovate, oblique; the peristome is slightly expanded and reflected, a
little broader on the insertion of the inner lip where it is somewhat
excavated.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 255822a) agrees
best with the figure published by Pfeiffer in Martini-Chemnitz.
It was collected by Col. Edgar A. Mearns on the Mount Halcon Ex-
pedition, probably somewhere in the environs of Calapan. It has 5
whorls and measures: Length, 33.9 mm; greater diameter, 28.5 mm.
A series of additional specimens from the same locality yields the
following data:
‘Sse :
U.S.N.M. no. Humber Benet) reall ti tee Locality
Mm Mim Mm
2D D822 ate ssee Sl 31.8 31. 4 26. 8
258222 eee oe 4.9 30. 9 Sere Diletes
DT Oy seen a Sante 4.7 29. 6 2ORS Zoe
DISD eee eats 4.5 28. 9 oO 26. 8
DHHS 2 Deas oe 4.6 29. 3 29. 8 25. 4
Qn S22 eee 4.9 33. 6 29. 9 24. 7
ZoHHSZ2oees 2 see 4.8 Si 29. 4 25. 8
QHo S22 es te Se 4.7 29. 8 29. 4 24.4
DOS a2 as ee 4.9 32. 0 30. 9 25. 9
BoHSQ2e2 20 ee 4.5 29. 5 28. 7 24. 6
2Ho S22 6-8 oo ele 4.6 29.70, 29. 8 25. 4
HO Sa2 ae tee 4.9 Seo 28. 8 26. 1
25ODS22e 2b Et ae 4.9 o2. 2 29. 8 26. 0
DHHS 22s 2 es es 4.6 28. 0 29. 7 26. 3
OO aes 4.6 ZO? 29. 5 25. 8
255822 S2aee 4.5 ZR ati 29. 9 25. 9
ZO DS 22 erste Sete 4.6 S2s0 31. 4 26. 0
QD OSS oe ee 4.5 31. 4 Soe 26. 5 | Mindoro or Luzon.
ZH Sose ase ee 4.4 28. 2 29. 1 24.8
250838 Se 2 4.5 31. 7 29. 1 25. 4
ST S509) Sc arava 5. 2 36. 6 32.9 28.4 | Carayrayan, Calapan,
SLSGOO LR eee Ne 4.9 34. 1 elec 26. 1 Mindoro.
olo069) ass. 5=oe 4.6 30. 0 ane 26. 0
DLO DOO = aes oe 32. 9 aoe 2eeo
SESOOO LU Avg oO a2 ene 26. 5
Sse ewe 4.6 30. 5 oZ0 27. 0
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 403
I S ;
vsna.ne. | NUnbe | rongin | rester | Les Locality
Mm Mm Mm
SlS0O9 See 4.9 37. 4 32. 3 28. 4
SOs wiepa eee 4.7 34, 2 S2N0 28. 2
SSSCOL UE Ye eT 5. 0 See: 32a 26. 9
SOQ een eee 4.6 Soo Ses DATES)
SSH GOs sas 4.8 33. 3 28.9 24. 9
alsoGOs says SLu %. 0 30. 8 30. 1 25. 9
leno ee meee 4.6 32. 8 one 28. 2
ROS2685_ 222-2 Se 4.9 33. 4 3120 28. 8 | Mindoro.
SUBOTOIOR_ 5. 0 35. 5 28. 6 24.6 | Menage Expedition,
northeastern Mindoro.
SOLO seo 4.9 34. 6 28. 9 25. 8
Slab (0s aE Bet 5. 0 Soo 2105 23. 9
Seo O! se oul 39. 8 33. 0 2852
Slop ius se 5. 0 31.8 Dial Dee
Sehr Ormt Sie: 22 5. 0 oe 28. 9 24.1
SOLO ee ee oF 38. 7 31.3 27.4
Slama eee 4.9 34. 7 30. 0 24.8
ls OSES teat 5. 0 Sie 28. 5 24. 3
eS eee 5. 0 Dilere 31.8 26. 4
Son Ue ee Heel! 37. 0 28. 4 25. 8
oleh OL g2b 2a 5. 0 30: 3 29. 4 25
Sosa eee ou 35. 8 Slew 25. 4
Soon sea es = oe Onn 35. 8 29.8 2028
SISS TO ewe. sa Ele 39. 0 29. 2 26. 0
SS Oo oe ee 4.6 Soe, 30. 2 26. 1
Sle Oe ee 5. 0 32. 6 28. 8 24.3
SISSTOLELE Fans 4.6 34. 2 29. 1 26. 1
a eaten ee oe yet! 36. 9 30. 3 26. 1
Sita (ese e ees 5.0 36. 8 30. 7 27.9
SBS 7OL ie aa! 35. 0 28. 3 23. 8
Sle (Or eo 4.9 Da 30. 3 25. 6
F163 597 silt 5.0 Sant 2S 24. 6
DS GUGGED= 5 F225 _ 4.8 33. 8 28.7 26. 2 | Varadero.
AKO ee 4.9 32. 4 32. 0 2. 5
25GIGGl— 2 sina 4.4 nt 29. 3 24.2
25616620 42 4.9 31. 4 33. 7 28. 1
Sooo a peat 32. 6 30. 6 26. 7 | Calapan.
Silane ee 5.0 33. 0 Sled 29.9
Sls oMene se ee 5.0 35. 6 33. 0 29. 2
SUD Oke weet 4.8 31.8 31.8 26. 9
SOU o eee = 4.8 Sonne oiled 27. 6
Ssh 7240 df 8 4.8 32.3 31.0 26. 5
Seiler ee 55 0 30. 9 29.1 2D
SLO es eee 4.6 30. 6 31.0 26. 4
20400 Rees Sa 4.7 31.6 28.5 25. 4 | Exploring Expedition.
OD Se Oa eee 4.9 sled 28. 8 25.5 | Mount Halcon.
DIOS. aera = rye 36. 3 30. 0 Get
silt J eae epee 4.6 34.8 Sone 28.0 | San Teodoro.
ODT Lee oe 4.8 30. 9 30. 0 26. 0
Soo eeay se Ie 5.0 32. 0 S1S7 27.5
Average. 4. 84 32. 7 30. 4 26. 19
Greatest____.-- 5.2 39. 8 Sevens 29. 9
Beast. s222eceo4 4.4 27.3 270 Done
I have selected for our illustration a series of specimens to show the
degree of variation in the color pattern in the shells before me.
404 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (HELICOSTYLA) FULGENS JOHNSONI Bartsch
Puate 97, Figures 10-12
1891. Cochlostyla fulgens Hipautco, Obras malacologicas, pp. 453-455 (in part),
pl. 50, fig. 4.
1932. Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) fulgens johnsoni Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell elongate-ovate. Nuclear whorls pale brown, the succeeding
whorls milk-white, banded with bright chestnut-brown and almost
blackish-brown spiral zones. The spaces between the dark zones on
the base are buffish yellow. The interior of the aperture is bluish
white, which is also the color of the peristome and the inner lip.
Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, forming a depressed spire. The
postnuclear whorls are inflated, appressed at the summit, and marked
by very fine retractively curved lines of growth and microscopic spiral
striations both on spire and base. The aperture is almost circular,
oblique; the peristome is slightly expanded and reflected, and the
columella is slightly excavated. The parietal wall is covered by a thin
callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 314080) was collected by Mr. Quadras at
Sitio Pamulon, Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. It has 5.5 whorls and
measures: Length, 41 mm; greater diameter, 30.4 mm; lesser diameter,
27.4 mm.
Another specimen (U.S.N.M. no. 20399), obtained by the Explor-
ing Expedition, which I am referring here and which bears no locality
label, has 5.4 whorls and measures: Length, 37.5 mm; greater
diameter, 28 mm; lesser diameter, 26.3 mm.
In addition to this there are two young specimens (U.S.N.M. no.
7589), also collected by the Exploring Expedition, and four young
specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 255818) collected by myself on a hill on
the western shore of Mansalay Bay. This race is readily distin-
guished from the other two by its more elevated spire. It has the
dark base and variable bands of the typical race.
COCHLOSTYLA (HELICOSTYLA) FULGENS SAPOLANA Bartsch
PuaTE 98, Ficures 1-3
1932. Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) fulgens sapolana Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
1933. Helicostyla (Helicost iil) fulgens CLuencH and ArcuER, Papers Michigan
Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters, vol. 17, p. 543; in part.
Shell broadly ovate. Nuclear whorls pale horn color; postnuclear
whorls white, the first with a median brown band, which on the last
whorl is almost black. A similar dark band is at the periphery and
two on the base. ‘The columellar area is likewise almost black. The
spaces separating these bands on the base are pale straw yellow.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 405
The interior of the aperture is white, showing the dark bands within.
The peristome is white. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, forming an
almost flat apex. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly
rounded, marked by retractively curved lines of growth, which extend
to the umbilicus on the last whorl, and by fine microscopic spiral
striations, which are present on spire and base. The aperture is
almost circular, oblique. The peristome is slightly expanded and
reflected, somewhat excavated on the columellar side. The parietal
wall is covered by a thin callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313574) was collected by Pedro de Mesa
on Mount Sapol near Calapan, Mindoro. It has 4.9 whorls and
measures: Length, 30.8 mm; greater diameter, 31.8 mm; lesser
diameter, 27.8 mm.
Five topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313573), from the same source,
yield the following measurements:
Greater Lesser
Number of whorls Length aiamicter aaractar
Mm Mm
31. 1 28. 0
29. 2 26. 0
31.0 27.3
ol. 4 27.8
30. 1 25. 0
The last specimen received a bad injury in the early state of its
development, which may be responsible for its dwarfing.
Two of the specimens before me have only two basal bands plus the
dark columellar area.
This race is distinguished from typical fulgens in lacking the dark
olivaceous-yellow base. Here the base is only a trifle more yellowish
than the spire.
COCHLOSTYLA (HELICOSTYLA) DIMERA (Jonas)
Puate 97, Figures 7-9
1846. Helix dimera Jonas, Abh. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg, vol. 1, p. 123, pl. 11,
figs. 19, 19a.
1846. Helix jonasi var. 8, PreirrerR, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 126.
1848. Helix dimera Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 226.
1850. Helix dimera Preirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2, vol. 1,
Abt. 12, Theil 2, p. 299.
1850. Helicostyla dimera AuBERsS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 104.
1851. Helix dimera REEveE, Conchologia iconica, pl. 16, fig. 61.
1853. Helix dimera PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3, p. 172.
1855. Helicostyla dimera H. and A. Apams, The genera of recent Mollusca, vol. 2,
p. 191.
1856. Helicostyla dimera PretrreR, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 145.
406 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
1859. Helicostyla dimera PreirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4,
. 198.
1860. Helicostyla dimera Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 175.
1868. Helix dimera Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 5, p. 267.
1877. Cochlostyla dimera SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2, vol. 3,
. 187.
1887. Gachtostgtl dimera Hipaua@o, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 141.
1892. Cochlostyla dimera Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 7, p. 156, pl. 30, figs.
29, 30.
1895. Helicostyla dimera Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 223.
1897. Helix dimera Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 245, 279, 290, 331, 332,
340, 349, 351.
1898. Cochlostyla dimera MétLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p.
122; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla dimera HipauGo, Obras malacologicas, pt. 1, pp. 481-482 (in
part), pl. 48, fig. 8.
1910. Helix dimera MOLLENDORFF, KosBEeLt, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen im
Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 203-204 (in part), pl. 41, figs. 4,
4a, 5.
1932. Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) dimera Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell broadly ovate, covered with a very thin pale olive-yellow
periostracum, which is usually absent on the early turns. When the
periostracum is removed the nuclear whorls are brown, while the
succeeding turns are also brown but gradually become paler, passing
through a rosy tinge to white. A moderately dark brown band is
present at the summit and another immediately posterior to the
periphery with the space between flesh-colored. This color scheme
terminates abruptly at the periphery of the last whorl, from there
anteriorly to the umbilical area. The broad base is chocolate-brown,
which is also the color of the outer lip, while the columella is flesh-
color except at the extreme tip, which is chocolate-brown. ‘The
interior of the aperture is divided in its color scheme between bluish
white posteriorly and chocolate-brown basally. The 1.6 nuclear
whorls are moderately elevated, well rounded, and marked by incre-
mental lines only. The postnuclear whorls are moderately well
rounded and marked by fine, retractively slanting, incremental lines,
which are almost threadlike, and numerous microscopic spiral stria-
tions on both spire and base. The aperture is almost subcircular,
oblique; outer lip slightly expanded and reflected. The columella is
excavated and spreads over the base as a whitish callus.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313617), col-
lected by Quadras on Mindoro, has 5.2 whorls and measures: Length,
29.9 mm; greater diameter, 26.3 mm; lesser diameter, 23.4 mm.
A series of the specimens in our collection yields the following
measurements:
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 407.
U.S.N.M. no. Number of Greater Lesser
whorls diameter diameter
HOs45e sos. yar 5.0 27.3 Dene 23. 4
LIC BLY: Dy A a pee 5. 0 28. 2 26. 4 23. 6
iICCEAS Yacht §. 2 30. 6 27.7 23. 6
NOZO4AT GHEE eee as 5.3 32. 2 271 24.9
BOS Gere 2 mes oS 5.1 29. 8 21.5 24.3
SODLG deacons teeter ee 4,9 30. 5 30. 2 25. 4
SbSVOOs 220) 3. Beer 5. 0 32. 4 33.2 27.4
Sit) JOO wee eee ee ee ene 4.9 28. 2 28. 4 24.4
SLOT OG Sea eno ere Seen 4,4 25. 2 26. 4 22ce
AVE ADCs fps Booey 4. 98 29. 38 28. 29 24. 42
(Grestest-e------ ==" Do 32. 4 So. 12 27. 4
Least. Diss Martel: 4.4 25. 2 26. 4 22. 8
Subgenus COCHLOSTYLA Férussac
In this subgenus the shell varies from ovate to elongate-ovate.
The apex is blunt and the aperture broadly oval to subcircular.
The peristome is slightly expanded and reflected, while the columella
is somewhat excavated. The periphery may be rounded or show the
merest suggestion of angulation. The surface is covered with a
rather strong periostracum, which shows axial hydrophanous zones
that usually extend to the umbilical area. The shells may be unicolor
or variously spirally banded.
Type: Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) metaformis (Férussac).
Only one species from Mindoro Province belonging here is known:
Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) hydrophana (Sowerby).
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLOSTYLA) HYDROPHANA (Sowerby)
Shell ovate or elongate-ovate, covered by a thin hydrophanous
periostracum, which is frequently denuded on the early whorls.
The nuclear whorls and the early postnuclear turns are white. There
is a brown band immediately below the summit and another one at
the periphery. These vary in width in different individuals. There
is also a median band on the base and a dark columellar area. These
bands may be all of the same color, or the peripheral one may be a
little lighter than the rest. As a rule they are dark chocolate-brown.
The interior of the aperture is bluish white, and so is the peristome.
Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded and marked by incremental lines
only, except on the last portion of the last whorl, where fine spiral
striations are indicated. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded,
appressed at the summit, and marked by retractively slanting incre-
mental lines and exceedingly closely spaced microscopic spiral stria-
tions on both spire and base. The periphery of the last whorl is
well rounded, and the base is somewhat inflated and strongly rounded.
The aperture is subcircular, the outer lip being moderately expanded
408 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
and reflected, while the columella has a twist that gives it almost the
appearance of having a tooth a little nearer to its base than its
insertion.
Sowerby described this species from the Cuming collection, and he
cites Puerto Galera, Island of Mindoro, as the type locality. I col-
lected specimens on Medio Island, which is in Puerto Galera, that in
every way correspond with Sowerby’s form, and I am inclined to
believe that his shell came from Medio Island. On the other hand,
the shells that I collected to the east of the peninsula on which Puerto
Galera is located, namely, Varadero Bay, yielded a much more
elevated form, to which I have given the subspecific name varaderoana.
The two races may be distinguished by the following key:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLOSTYLA) HYDROPHANA
Sheltdecidedlyelevatedise sc. eae ten nc eee ome varaderoana
Shell not decidedly elevated: > 2 4.2 kU Mae 7 pee hydrophana
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLOSTYLA) HYDROPHANA VARADEROANA Barisch
PLATE 99, Fiaure 3
1932. Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) hydrophana veroderoana Bartscu, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell elongate-ovate. The nuclear whorls and the first postnuclear
whorls white; the later ones with a very narrow light zone at the
summit followed by a darker band immediately below the summit,
which sometimes is pale, at other times quite dark chocolate-brown.
There is also a brown band immediately posterior to the periphery
and another on the middle of the base, and a conspicuous dark col-
umellar area. These are all separated by brown zones of flesh-color
in the decorticated specimens, or where the periostracum is present
by an olivaceous or olivaceous-waxy color band. The interior of the
aperture and peristome are white.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313619) was collected by me at Wamadlenay
Mindoro. It has 5.1 whorls and measures: Length, 36.8 mm; greater
diameter, 28.7 mm; lesser diameter, 26.0 mm.
Seven topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 256166) yield the following meas-
urements:
Greater Lesser
Number of whorls Length Ainadeterm idimeioe
5
. 0
. 0
bee
v2
io
.8
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 409
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLOSTYLA) HYDROPHANA HYDROPHANA (Sowerby)
Puate 99, Figure 1
1841. Helix (Cochlogena) hydrophana SowrErRsy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840,
p. 88.
1842. Bulimus hydrophana P¥reirFER, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 46.
1848. Helix hydrophana PreirrerR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 1,
p. 222:
1848. Bulimus hydrophana Rexrve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 17, fig. 69.
1850. Helix hydrophana PrreirreR, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2,
vol. 1, Abt. 12, Theil 2, pp. 290-291, pl. 49, figs. 8, 9.
1850. Bulimus (Orthostylus) hydrophana ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 136.
1853. Bulimus hydrophanus Prrirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
3, p. 397.
1859. Bulimus hydrophanus PrrirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium,
vol. 4, p. 358.
1860. Cochlodryas hydrophanus Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 176.
1868. Bulimus hydrophanus PrrirrerR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 6,
p. 6.
1869. Helicostyla hydrophana FRAUENFELD, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. Wien, vol. 19,
p. 875.
1877. Helicostyla hydrophana PrrirrerR, Monographia heliceorum viventium,
vol. 8, p. 7; in part.
1887. Cochlostyla hydrophana Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 148.
1892. Cochlostyla hydrophana Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 7, p. 187, pl. 36,
figs. 35-37.
1895. Helicostyla hydrophana Pitsspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 225.
1896. Helicostyla hydrophana Evera, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 587.
1897. Cochlostyla hydrophana Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 288, 331,
335, 338, 339, 341, 350.
1898. Cochlostyla metaformis M6LtLENDoRFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
p. 124; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla metaformis hydrophana Hipaueo, Obras malacologicas, p. 432,
plaice 2. or pl. LOSS hes eGr ie
1910. Cochlostyla (Dryocochlias) metaformis, M6OLLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WIN-
TER, Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 213-215.
1932. Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) hydrophana hydrophana Bartscy, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell broadly ovate, covered with a thin hydrophanous periostra-
cum. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, forming a flattish apex. The
postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked with a
narrow light zone edging the summit, succeeded by a broad chocolate-
brown band, which in turn is followed by a still broader flesh-colored
zone that is succeeded by a band of brown equaling in intensity of
color and width that adjacent to the summit, which terminates anter-
iorly at the periphery. Adjacent to this the base bears a flesh-
colored zone, equaling the median one on the spire, and a median
chocolate-brown band equaling the supraperipheral band. There is
also a broad chocolate-brown area about the umbilicus, and the space
410 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
between it and the median basal band is flesh-color. The anterior of
the aperture is bluish white, which is also the color of the somewhat
expanded outer lip and columella.
A series of specimens, mostly young and imperfect, was collected
by me on Medio Island, Puerto Galera, during the Albatross Expedi-
tion to the Philippines.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 255908) has 5
whorls and measures: Length, 32.6 mm; greater diameter, 28.6 mm;
lesser diameter, 24.7 mm.
Two additional individuals under the same registry, from the same
source, have each 5 whorls. They measure: Length, 32.4 and 35.7
mm; greater diameter, 27.4 and 29.3 mm; lesser diameter, 23.3 and
25.5 mm, respectively.
This race differs from Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) hydrophana varader-
oana in being broadly ovate.
Subgenus COCHLODRYAS Martens
In this subgenus the shell is subglobular, sometimes a little more
depressed and sometimes a little more elevated. The periostracum is
very thin, usually a mere film, and frequently absent, being easily
worn off. All the species are marked with green. The shell may be
unicolor or banded with spiral zones of green or brown or a combina-
tion of these. A columellar dark patch may or may not be present.
A narrow white thread is present at the summit. The aperture varies
from subcircular to subquadrate.
Type: Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) polychroa (Sowerby).
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA (Broderip)
The shell is broadly ovate and rather flat, with a blunt apex. The
surface is covered by a thin dull periostracum, which is usually some
shade of green or olive, though in some forms brown or pale olivacecus-
waxy. The early whorls may be white or brown, and the ground color
of the succeeding turns, when the periostracum is removed, is white.
The shell may be unicolor on its exterior or it may have spiral bands.
There may be a zone below the summit, another at the periphery, and
one between the two, and there is usually a dark area about the colu-
mella though in Oochlostyla (Cochlodryas) helicoides this element is
missing. Any one of the brown bands may disappear. In addition
to these brown bands, there is always a narrow white zone at the
summit immediately above the first brown band. The interior of
the aperture and the peristome are white. This species, as far as
known, appears to be confined to eastern Mindoro and breaks up into
a series of races, which are here defined.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 411
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA
Columellar area of base dark.
Perostracunmleatwreent 22 oso. 6 atte see) lei). SLE oe ete florida
Periostracum not leaf green.
Periostracum olivaceous-brown___--_------------------- fuscolabiata
Periostracum not olivaceous-brown.
Periosoracumi Polden-yenow =~ -2-s-- 2-2 eee aureola
Periostracum not golden-yellow.
Periostracum olivaceous waxy yellow__--------------- signa
{(dlamellatiares) nob darks 2. eee et eto foe oe th poke helicoides
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA FLORIDA (Broderip)
Puate 99, Figure 12
1841. Helix (Cochlogena) florida Broperip, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, pp.
87-88.
1842. Helix florida Reeve, Conchologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 69, pl. 153, fig. 2.
1842. Bulimus florida Preirrer, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 47.
1848. Helix florida Pre1rrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 222.
1849. Bulimus florida Preirrer, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 6, p. 86.
1850. Helix florida Preirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2, vol. 1,
Abt. 12, Theil 1, p. 295, pl. 50, figs. 1, 2.
1850. Orthostylus floridus ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 136.
1851. Helix floridus Reeve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 11, fig. 48b.
1851. Helix florida Desuayes, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mollusques...,
vol. 1, pp. 307-308 (in part), pl. 104A, figs. 9-10.
1853. Bulimus florida Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
p. 297.
1855. Helicostyla florida H. and A. Apams, The genera of recent Mollusca, vol. 2,
p. 192.
1856. Bulimus florida Preirrer, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 146.
1859. Bulimus florida Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4,
p. 359.
1860. Cochlodryas floridus Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 176.
1868. Bulimus floridus Pretrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 6,
p. 6.
1876. Bulimus floridus PreirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 7; in part.
1887. Cochlostyla florida Hipauco, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, pp. 151-152; in part.
1891. Cochlostyla florida Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, pp. 177-178 (in
part), pl. 38, figs. 71-73.
1895. Helicostyla florida Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 225; in part.
1896. Cochlostyla florida ELera, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Fili-
pinas, vol. 3, p. 584; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla florida Hrpauao, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 251, 284, 287,
331, 341, 347, 348, 351, 352.
1898. Cochlostyla florida Méuutenvorrr, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz, vol. 22, p.
131; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla florida Hipaueo, Obras malacologicas, pp. 455-456 (in part),
pl. 39, figs. 4-8.
1911. Cochlostyla florida M6LLENDORFF, KoseELt, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 248-249, pl. 51, figs. 1, la, 2;
in part.
412 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
1932. Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida florida Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Shell ovate, the last turn with a bright grass-green periostracum,
which gradually grows paler posteriorly and eventually passes into the
flesh-colored apex. In typically colored specimens there is a narrow
white thread at the summit followed by a brown band immediately
adjacent to this. There is also a brown spiral band of about equal width
at the periphery and another between the two. The columellar area
is surrounded by a bright chestnut-brown patch. The interior of the
aperture and peristome are white. The nucleus consists of 1.8 turns,
which are smooth, barring incremental lines and indications of fine
spiral striations on the last turn. The nuclear turns and the first
postnuclear turns form a blunt apex. The postnuclear whorls are
somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, appressed at the summit, and
marked by feebly retractively curved lines of growth and very fine
spiral striations on both spire and base. The periphery of the last
turn is well rounded. The base is short, somewhat inflated, well
rounded. The aperture is oblique, broadly oval. The peristome is
somewhat expanded and reflected and slightly thickened. The
columeila is oblique, slightly excavated.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313605) was
collected by Quadras at Baco in northeastern Mindoro. It has 5.2
whorls and measures: Length, 36.2 mm; greater diameter, 27.6 mm;
lesser diameter, 24.5 mm.
A series of specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313603), collected by the
Menage Expedition in northeastern Mindoro, collector’s no. 45, yields
the following measurements:
¢ Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. arog | eneth Aiaeatar = gieenory
Mm Mm Mm
SUS OO0Se ss. Sat ee ae 31.4 2850 24.7
SLOOUSN ee ae ee Oral 3a. 2 Pas, 9; 23. 6
SSG Oe em by ee te 5,5 Some 28. 2 25.9
Se eee oe eer ee 5. 4 32. 5 27. 4 24. 5
SS COS eee a eee 5. 4 31. 0 28. 5 25, 5
SI 3605= 52 eee ee fay, I 31.9 ZO 34. 2
SlsG0se. oe eu 5. 2 Some 26. 4 23. 0
Sl SOUS e ee othe ees Dao 35. 6 27. 6 25. 3
SISG0SFe2 2s 22 Ae ere 5. 5 36. 3 29. 9 26. 4
Sl SO05 25 et ee eee Soe: 30. 7 Dike 2 23. 8
DIS OOQ SE LAs Se ew Do S280 28.3 25. 5
SB COS Aes eee ete 5. 5 30. 7 25. 0 32. 0
SLSG0S sts ae 2 30. 1 25. 8 23. 9
39) Gs 10} 0 3) antennas 5. 4 33. 0 25. 9 24.0
SOGOSE ete ees eae 5. 5 36. 7 2051 22. 9
SloG05 = ees Ae eee oO 38. 0 28. 4 25. 9
Sl oOO Bese ee ee ts 32. 0 26. 8 24. 0
SIBGOSE eee 5. 6 3a: 2 27. 8 25. 1
Sl 3603823 6h eee eee I 33. 9 26.3 24. 9
SISOS a ee ne ree 5. 8 36. 8 26. 9 24, 2
SlSG0anes a eee 5. 6 35. 5 26. 8 24. 7
SOOO Sete eee ere Do oo. 2 26. 0 24. 2
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 413
Number of Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. whorls Length diameter diameter
Mm
wOoornawnirom
ns
font
1
Average
Greatest
5. 3
5. 3
5. 3
5. 6
5. 0
5. 4
5.5
5. 3
4.6
5. 0
5. 3
5. 8
4.6
ood] AOnnromnrhd
oo
This race varies somewhat in color pattern. All of them have a dark
band near the summit and the columellar dark area. In some of the
others the peripheral zone varies considerably in width and in some
specimens extends over the posterior half of the turn.
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA FUSCOLABIATA Méllendorff, Kobelt, and Winter
PLATE 99, Ficure 10
1851. Helix floridus Reeve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 11, fig. 438c.
1911. Cochlostyla florida fuscolabiata MGLLENDORFF, KoBELtT, and WINTER,
Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 248-249 (in
part), pl. 51, fig. 3.
1932. Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida fuscolabiata Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 336.
Mollendorff, Kcbelt, and Winter, as cited above, described a dark
olivaceous-brown shell under the above designation. I am not
certain as to whether this is merely a color form that may occur in
any of the races or whether it is a distinct subspecies. I have but a
single specimen before me collected by Quadras (U.S.N.M. no. 313609)
that is referable here. This has the light nuclear turns. The post-
nuclear whorls begin by having the anterior half pale brown, the
brown gradually becoming intensified in color. There is a subsummit
brown band, which becomes feeble on the last whorl, and there is also
a dark columellar area. The space between is olivaceous-brown
marked by axial streaks of more intense pigmentation, giving the shell
an almost varicid appearance. The light zone at the summit is
unusually broad in this specimen. The interior of the aperture has
also the merest indication of a brownish wash over the white, and the
outer edge of the peristome is tinged with brown.
The specimen has 5.1 whorls and measures: Length, 35.6 mm;
greater diameter, 30.3 mm; lesser diameter, 26.3 mm. It fea
Quadras’ collector’s no. 2109 and is labeled ‘Mindoro” without
specific locality.
414 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA AUREOLA Bartsch
PuLaTE 99, Figure 11
1932. Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida aureola Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 337.
Shell ovate, covered with a rather thick golden-yellow periostracum
on the last turn. This color gradually becomes paler posteriorly and
eventually merges into white on the first nuclear and postnuclear
turns. The usual light thread is present at the summit of the whorls
and is followed by a moderately broad dark chestnut-brown band.
The dark columellar area is also present. The base is slightly darker
than the portion between the periphery and the summit. The
interior of the aperture and the peristome are bluish white. Nuclear
whorls 1.7, well rounded, smooth except for incremental lines and fine
microscopic spiral striations on the last portion of the last turn.
The postnuclear turns are somewhat inflated, well rounded, appressed
at the summit, and marked by inconspicuous incremental lines and
closely spaced microscopic spiral striations, which are present on both
spire and base. The aperture is broadly oval, almost circular; the
peristome is expanded and reflected and the columella is slightly
excavated.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313610) is one of three specimens obtained
by the Exploring Expedition, probably at the southern tip of Mindoro.
It has 5.4 whorls and measures: Length, 34.7 mm; greater diameter,
26.8 mm; lesser diameter, 23.9 mm.
The two additional specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 7617) yield the follow-
ing measurements: Number of whorls, 5.6 and 5.4; length, 34.1 and
32.4 mm; greater diameter, 26.5 and 25.9 mm; lesser diameter, 23.2
and 23.3 mm, respectively. In shape this race reminds one of
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida signa but can at once be distinguished
from it by its heavier shell and entirely different coloration.
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA SIGNA Bartsch
PiLaTE 99, Figure 2 v
1932. Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida signa Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 337.
The shell is very regularly ovate and very thin. The early whorls
are white, the later turns covered with an olivaceous-waxy periostra-
cum. There is a light narrow thread at the summit followed by a
narrow bright chestnut-brown band. The columellar area is also
bordered by a narrow bright chestnut-colored zone. The interior of
the aperture is bluish white, which is also the color of the peristome,
while the columella is white plus a dark spot at its junction with the
basal lip. Nuclear whorls 1.6, marked by lines of growth and on the
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 415
last portion by indications of fine spiral lines. The postnuclear
whorls are well rounded, somewhat inflated, and marked by re-
tractively curved lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations on
both spire and base. The periphery is well rounded. The base is
somewhat inflated and strongly rounded. The aperture is almost
circular, oblique. The peristome is moderately expanded and reflected.
The columella is rather narrow and excavated.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313611) was collected by me on the hill
on the west shore of Mansalay Bay, Mindoro. It has 5.4 whorls and
measures: Length, 31.8 mm; greater diameter, 24.3 mm; lesser
diameter, 21.9 mm.
A series of topotypes yields the following additional measurements:
Number of Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M.no. whorls Length diameter diameter
Average
Greatest
5. 2
5. 6
5.3
5. 0
4.8
5. 5
5. 6
5. 2
5. 4
5. 2
5. 6
5. 5
5. 1
5. 2
5. 6
5. 7
5. 3
5. 7
4.8
Two of the specimens have also a peripheral band, and one has a
band between that of the summit and the periphery.
This race is distinguished from all the others by its exceedingly thin
shell and the curious pale coloration of the periostracum, which is of
an olivaceous-waxy color.
In this as in other species I collected in Mansalay Bay we find a
distinction between those obtained on the west shore and those on the
east shore, the differentiation being a parallel one in all the instances.
416 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA HELICOIDES (Pfeiffer)
Puiate 99, Fiagurn 4
1841. Helix (Cochlogena) florida var. a BroprEripP, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840,
pp. 87-88.
1851. Helix floridus Rneve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 11, fig. 43a.
1851. Heliz florida Desuayss, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mollusques . . .,
vol. 1, pp. 307-308 (in part), pl. 104A, fig. 11.
1853. Bulimus helicoides PreirrER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
p. 298.
1855. Bulimus helicoides Prrirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2,
vol. 1, Abt. 13, Theil 1, pp. 119-120, pl. 36, figs. 7, 8.
1868. Bulimus helicoides PrEirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 6,
p. 524.
1876. Bulimus floridus Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 7; in part.
1887. Cochlostyla florida helicoides H1paueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 152.
1890. Cochlostyla florida Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, pp. 177-178 (in
part), pl. 38, fig. 70.
1895. Helicostyla florida Pruspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 225; in part.
1896. Cochlostyla florida Exmra, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Filipinas,
vol. 3, p. 584; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla helicoides Htpauao, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 251, 253,
284, 287.
1898. Cochlostyla florida M6LLENDORF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz, vol. 22, p. 131;
in part.
1901. Cochlostyla florida Hipauco, Obras malacologicas, pp. 455-457 (in part),
pl. 39, figs. 2, 3.
1911. Cochlostyla florida M6LLENDORFF, Kospett, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 248-249 (in part), pl. 51, figs. 4,
4a,
1932. Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida helicoides Barrscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 337.
The shell is broadly ovate. The periostracum, where present, is
bright olive-green. There are no spiral brown bands, nor is there a
dark columellar area apparent in any of the specimens before me.
The light zone at the summit is present, and the aperture and peristome
are white. The early whorls and nucleus are usually denuded of
periostracum and are also white. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded and
marked by incremental lines only. The postnuclear whorls are some-
what inflated, appressed at the summit, well rounded, and marked by
retractively curved lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations,
which are present on both spire and base. The aperture is broadly
obliquely oval; the peristome is moderately expanded and reflected;
the columella is somewhat excised.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313606a) has
5.3 whorls and measures: Length, 30 mm; greater diameter, 26.4 mm;
lesser diameter, 23.3 mm.
A series of additional specimens yields the following measurements:
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE
U.S.N.M. no. Number of iy cength eee.
Mm Mm
Sil S000 es SAS e ee 5. 1 32. 0 27.9
SUS6OG= Se sbe eee eee 5. 4 34. 0 26. 7
SS OOUGRE aes oso eee 5. 3 33. 2 Pale &
SS OO Ome a = ee ee eee a 5. 5 34. 5 26. 0
SLOOUG Let ee eee 5. 0 31.3 27.0
SLSGOGSe Bs es ee 5. 1 30. 7 26. 5
SIUSGOG Lae eae eae 5. 5 35, 2 27. 4
SSO0GL Se sae aap eee! 5.0 29, 2 26. 2
SUS OOG RS ese eae 5. 0 27. 4 24. 0
SL SOUGS ee eee eee 5.1 30. 3 Zee
SiUSCOG. Sees Bette regs ee 5. 0 26. 6 25. 9
coil Ol) Gees eer ae ore te 5. 5 38. 2 28. 5
SSCS Sees a oes iy dl 29. 3 26. 5
Sls OUGRes= once s soe 5. 6 35. 6 27. 6
SISCUGS =. eee ee 5. 4 32. 4 27.9
ols OU GH Bate ho 5. 8 35. 8 27.9
Mea Oe ee ee ey ee 5; 2 31.6 27.1
SlSOOG see aapeeys eee 5. 2 31.5 26. 1
SS GUGE Sime Cee eee 5. 1 39. 8 26. 7
DL OOUOEE eae ete seer 5. 2 31.0 Dome
SUS OOG Es 2 wee ker oe dae 5. 4 32. 5 7)
SiS OC ORS 22 Fee e 5. 2 33. 6 29. 8
Sl OUOR ese ee ee ae 4.9 29. 0 26. 6
Sl SOUGRst = he See ae 5. 5 34. 9 28. 0
Si SGOG RES Le ame eee 5.1 32. 4 27. 8
SN SGOGEa ses He eee 5. 5 35. 3 28. 8
Ss GOO essa s2 eee. eee 5. 3 31.7 28. 2
SISGUGE Sie See ek 5. 4 34. 5 28. 8
SU O0 Geisha veh eas Se 5.5 33. 9 Donna
Sil SOU One ee See ree, 5. 2 32. 5 29. 0
Sl SOU GE Sy eee es 5. 5 33. 6 28.3
SONG sese Cee 5. 4 31.5 26. 5
SS OU Gee pe eo 5. 5 22. 5 26. 0
SLES GOOG ee ey 5. 1 32): 1 26. 6
STS O0G ssa se sa 5.3 31. 0 21.0
sl S60G5- 222252. ae 5.5 34. 0 28. 2
SISCOGEEES Ts ak 5.3 33. 2 28.9
Sila OOS sears ee ee 5.3 32. 7 26. 2
SLSOUG eH eee stay EN 5. 5 34. 8 27.8
SleGOGs ie. 2h ee Ss 5. 4 33. 3 28. 4
SUSCOG ea Seen cee 5. 2 31.3 25.9
etl ed (0 (0 Gegtg ee a ee 5. 4 34. 0 28. 0
SISCOGE IIe eee ee 5. 5 33. 5 28. 0
SIS606: 2 2. See en oa 5. 4 34. 1 29. 1
SS GOGE As sere ee 5. 3 34. 8 27.3
SU360G4 2 ree 5. 4 32. 4 26. 0
SU SCO Gees Bees 5.3 Soil 27. 4
SUSOUGse oe ae 5. 1 30. 0 26. 8
SS OOG REI Ge a ae 5. 2 35. 0 30. 2
SL SOOGREL. 8 Ne A 5. 0 30. 1 27.0
St SOO Gs ese asthe 2c gt. 5. 2 29. 5 26. 9
SIBG0GS SEE A 5. 0 27. 2 24. 3
SO OSG sesh kee ope ee 5. 0 33. 3 26. 3
309369. SS tee 5. 5 33. 0 27.3
AS08420 Ras UPA 5. 2 32.1 27. 5
PRO SA 2 een MO er Seg hy 5. 0 29.8 25. 8
NODA eae ay ee oe Teo 35. 4 25. 7
ANGER GG = 8 Sk 5. 28 32.04 QT
Greatestecl ¢ 23 ine- 5. 8 38. 2 30. 2
henap its. So ae 4.9 26. 6 24. 0
1185—38—_—4
Lesser
diameter
nN
: $ Quon ww OUST COOuCe KO ¢ she p> tO GO Oro}
OCONON EF REPWOOSCOLRPORNDORUOWNODAANACHORWOOMRFOFPANHE PW
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soaps hese etm | Eon hse)
WW) ONMONTRHOWamPao
417
418 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Tam here again quite puzzled. The Worcester and Bourns journals
pertaining to the Menage Expedition appear to have been lost, and
while we know that they collected on the slopes of Mount Halcon and
about Calapan and Naujan, we do not have definite localities applying
to the numbers on the specimens. For example, their Cochlostyla
(Cochlodryas) florida bears the number 45. The specimen J have
bears the number 282. This may indicate a different zoogeographic
region, and I think it does, and it is for that reason that 1 believe we
are dealing with a distinct subspecies. Furthermore, I have no
absolute intergrades between this and C. (C.) florida florida. I have
therefore treated it as a distinct subspecies coming from somewhere
in northeastern Mindoro.
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) FLORIDA (?)
A series of specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 255778) collected on the east
shore of Mansalay Bay show that the race occupying this region has
a thick brownish periostracum and is banded like the typical race, but
all our specimens are badly worn; I therefore refrain from defining and
naming it here. When more material comes to hand, this race will
undoubtedly have to be recognized. It is larger and heavier than
and in every way different from the one that I have described from
the hills on the western shore of Mansalay Bay.
COCHLOSTYLA (COCHLODRYAS) ORBITULA (Sowerby)
PuaTEe 99, FicurE 6
1841. Helix (Cochlostyla) orbitulus SowmRBy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840°
p. 103.
1842. Helix orbitula PreirrEer, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 356
1848. Helix orbitula Preirrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 224.
1850. Helix orbitula Prrirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2, vol.
1, Abt. 12, Theil 1, pp. 296-297 (in part), pl. 50, figs. 7, 8.
1850. Helicostyla orbitula ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 104.
1851. Helix orbitula Ruerve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 10, figs. 60a, 60b.
1851. Helix orbitula Drsuayes, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mollusques
. ., vol. 1, pp. 311-312, pl. 108A, figs. 7, 8.
1853. Helix orbitula PretrreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3, p. 298.
1855. Helicostyla orbitula H. and A. Apams, The genera of recent Mollusca, vol. 2,
p. 192.
1856. Bulimus orbitula PrerrreR, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 146.
1859. Bulimus orbitula PreirrpErR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4,
p. 359.
1860. Helicostyla orbitulus Martrens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 175.
1868. Bulimus orbitula PreirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 5, p. 7.
1876. Bulimus orbitula PrrirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 8, p. 7.
1877. Cochlostyla orbitula S—EmprER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2,
vol. 3, p. 199.
1887. Cochlostyla orbitula H1pauGo, Journ. Conehyl., vol. 35, p. 152.
1890. Cochlostyla orbitula Pruspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 179, pl. 58,
figs. 98, 99.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 419
1895. Helicostyla orbitula Prtspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 225.
1896. Cochlostyla orbitula Extera, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 585.
1897. Cochlostyla orbitula Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 260, 331, 335,
341, 351.
1898. Cochlostyla orbitula M6uLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
sod.
1901. Cochlostyla orbitulus HipauGo, Obras malacologicas, p. 459, pl. 38, figs.
6, 7; pl. 95, fig. 2.
1910. Cochlostyla orbitula M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WintTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 149-150, pl. 51, figs. 5, 5a.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chochlodryas) orbitula Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 337.
Shell subglobular, covered with a thin periostracum that seems to
partake of the general color scheme characterizing the particular part
of the shell covered. The coloration of the nuclear whorls consists of
a white area covering the posterior half of the turns and a pale chest-
nut-brown area covering the rest of the exposed portion. Beginning
with the postnuclear whorl, there is a rather broad, conspicuous,
chestnut-brown band, which rapidly increases in intensity of colora-
tion to chocolate-brown. This band occupies the middle of the ex-
posed portion of all the turns. On the succeeding turns a pale green
band appears halfway between the brown band and the summit.
This band gradually widens until it extends to the median band of _
brown, leaving a big broad zone of white at the summit. A second
green band appears immediately above the summit of the succeeding
turn, and this also gradually widens posteriorly until it reaches the
median brown band. Both the posterior and the anterior green
bands become diluted as they approach the median band, the deepest
shade of green being at the posterior extremity of the green band in
the posterior zone and the peripheral extremity in the anterior band.
The base is of an orange-brown color, paler within the aperture.
There is a broad brown band a little wider and of a little darker shade
than the median one of the spire, and this band is separated from the
green zone at the periphery by a narrow zone of the ground color of
the base. The columellar area is surrounded by a chocolate-brown band.
The interior of the aperture, the outer lip, and the columella are white,
the dark bands showing within the aperture. Nuclear whorls almost 2,
well rounded, marked by incremental lines and on the last portion of
the last turn by fine spiral striations. The postnuclear whorls are
appressed at the summit, strongly rounded and marked by retractively
slanting lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations on both spire
and base. The periphery, although well rounded, gives one the
impression of being obsoletely angulated, probably because of the
color pattern. The base is short, inflated, and well rounded. The
aperture is broadly oval and oblique, the outer lip being decidedly
expanded and reflected. The columella is slightly excavated.
420
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313624) has 5
whorls and measures: Length, 25.6 mm; greater diameter, 25.5 mm;
lesser diameter, 22.3 mm. This and a large series of specimens were
collected by Worcester and Bourns on the Menage Expedition some-
where in northeastern Mindoro. Ses RE. 6. 1 34.5 17. 4 16. 3
DL OAS Gift to epee: 5. 9 32. 6 16. 8 525
NOS Oiea2 Se ae eee 6. 2 35. 6 See oso
SL BO (Sa) fet VE LGR 6. 0 Sone 17. 9 16. 7
SLSO(Sxcoheee Le see ee 5. 9 34. 3 iWieres aes
SOS OE as fee eee 5. 9 SNe 18. 1 16. 3
TOFS Sate SAN STR 5.9 Sone 18. 4 16. 2
BOO DM ae Lu whip by ibn se patie 6. 2 Sond 19.8 Los
SOS0S8 2s 3 ae ee 6.1 Suen 19. 9 17. 4
HSOSUS= 22 = ees = 5. 9 34. 6 ees 15. 9
BS Oe sh ahh cae Te 6. 1 Soe) ideals 16. 1
S16074 Soe, eae 6. 2 37. 4 18. 6 16. 4
SlSO(4RE SO Ae ah 6. 1 37. 0 19.3 17. 2
SiO Ae hg Gk eye TL 5. 9 35. 9 18. 0 16. 1
464. BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
U.S.N.M. no. Nyhoris” | Length disrtaten dciciasiien
Mm Mm Mm
SISGT4.E 10 POOR ES 6.3 39. 9 18. 4 16. 3
SisGsAe ee ae eee 6.3 SiO 17.9 16. 0
SES Oi ae ate oe aes 652 34, 2 WEG, 15. 6
SISGTABOEEIOD. LIEe 6. 2 30nd. eae 16. 2
S26 (4s ee ee es 5.8 Somes 19.3 17. 5
SUS OT tie en 6. 0 30; 3 19.3 17.0
BUSH MAE ose Se Te 6. 2 38. 0 WG. (e 16. 0
SSRN A ee hs 2 5. 9 36. 7 18.9 16. 0
SHS Oe meee arene eee 6. 0 35. 4 ven 14. 6
SUSO HISAR OT 8 arte 6. 0 35. 6 17. 6 Neh
SING OOo aes ease ae 6.1 Sy 18. 6 Made
SOM OR ee aie le 6. 0 35. 0 17.8 aan
SiS6752 Baw RAGE 5. 9 Soa 17. 8 16.5
SLAG Oere eee oe ano 34. 4 18. 3 Gye 7/
SISO Uo ee ee eee 6. 3 38. 3 19. 8 16. 7
SOOATSE bs TLOL Eee 6. 2 39. 6 19. 4 16. 0
AQ VANS gai a oe 6. 0 Sol, 16. 7 15.4
LOHAUGE se See oe ee 6.1 Boe 18. 4 16. 4
QOSI20b asia EA 9 6. 2 40. 4 18. 8 16. 2
DA) SND (ekg es alee ope 6.1 Bio 19. 0 16.5
DOSU20 ee cae ee 6. 0 See 17.8 16. 7
2081208 aie vio EY et 6.1 Ciao 18.9 16.8
ZO SD eae at ne ae ee 6. 2 39. 8 19. 9 eS
DO SD Vie Cn we eee 6. 0 34. 7 Saas) 16. 7
DOSIZO 2194 be A ik 17 6. 2 41.8 19. 8 LTS
CO STZ Der ee ee 6. 1 35. 4 17. 8 16. 4
QOSUZO RSs oe ee ee 6. 0 39. 5 18.5 16. 8
DOS ZO0 eka oes 6. 2 43. 3 20. 6 18. 0
ZOS12 Ors 8 8 ee 6. 2 39. 8 18. 8 16. 7
ZU SMZO SS sae ee oe 6. 2 39. 7 19.8 lie
Sila Oeste ae ark pees 6. 0 36. 0 18. 3 EO
20S (2 0 Re re re ee 6. 0 36. 2 19. 4 16. 2
ZUSIZ Ost ea de 6. 0 Sie2 19.8 17. 6
QOSTA Oise Le eee 2 6. 0 34. 5 We 15. 4
SOG438=< abla ese wets 6. 0 SO 18. 0 16. 2
DUG4 aS sa oe ee ee ee 6. 1 38. 9 19. 1 UGS 7
Awerage: 22S ke 6. 05 36. 26 18. 2 16. 2
Greatest. 2 2242 Suk. 65s" 6. 4 43. 3 20. 6 18. 0
Messte Mok RUA ue ae Seo 16. 4 14.3
COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) CUYOENSIS (Pfeiffer)
The shell of this species varies much in size in the different races.
In all of them, however, it is slender, elongate-conic, and thin, never
ponderous. There is a great variation in color. The thin periostra-
cum varies from pale straw-color through orange-brown to deep
chocolate-brown and may be plain or marked by hydrophanous
fulgurations. A narrow dark-brown band may be present at the
summit, and another, usually a much more conspicuous one, may be
present at the periphery, and a third dark area about the umbilicus
may mark the shells or all these bands may be absent. In some there
is even an additional band between the umbilical dark area and the
periphery. The intensity of coloration of this brown band varies in
the different races as does the width thereof. All sorts of the elements
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 465
mentioned are present in mutating groups. There are before me two
shells from the Mindoro Province, both of which are smaller than any
of the other subspecies belonging to this group. These two are here
described.
There has been considerable confusion in what should constitute
Cochlostyla calobaptus (Jonas), and the present species has by some
been arranged as a subspecies of calobaptus. Bulimus calobaptus was
originally described from Mindoro, and I am inclined to believe that
it is one of the mutations of Cochlostyla (Prochilus) virgata (Jay); at
least I seem to recognize in the figure published by Philippi in his
Abbildungen und Beschreibungen, etc., volume 1, plate 1, Bulimus
figure 6, a member of this complex. The next available specific
name, therefore, for the group of shells that has been called calobaptus
is Cochlostyla (Prochilus) cuyoensis, which I am here adopting. This
species ranges over parts of Mindoro and the little islands about it
and to the south of it and over the Busuanga group and southeastward
to Tablas. In some places on some of the islands it seems to be per-
fectly stable, while on others it seems to be mutating. Here, as
elsewhere, the mutations show a polyphyletic origin by having
different colored nuclei, which would indicate hybridization.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) CUYOENSIS IN MINDORO
PROVINCE
Peranety wath a dark-brown Dand—— = ope ee a gee rane contracta
Periphery without a- dark-brown band 232 “se . 2_belce LoL eS subpallida
COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) CUYOENSIS CONTRACTA Millendorff
PuaTE 107, Ficurn 5
1898. Cochlostyla calobapta contracta M6LLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz,
vol. 22, p. 144.
1914. Cochlostyla calobapta contracta M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER,
Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, p. 333, pl. 72,
figs. 13-14.
1914. Cochlostyla calobapta nana MO.LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER, ibid.,
. 300.
1932. onan: (Prochilus) cuyoensis contracta BAartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 338.
Shell very small. The nuclear whorls have a broad band immedi-
ately anterior to the suture, but it disappears on the postnuclear turns.
There is also a broad conspicuous bright chestnut-brown band at the
periphery and a broad area of the same color about the umbilicus.
The periostracum is pale straw-color and marked by protractively
slanting, more or less zigzag, broad hydrophanous bands. Interior of
aperture, peristome, and columella white. Nuclear whorls 2, strongly
rounded and forming a rather pointed apex. They are marked by
incremental lines, which are somewhat crinkled at the summit. The
postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded, appressed at the summit,
1185—38——7
466 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
and marked by retractively curved lines of growth, which are almost
threadlike and extend equally strong over spire and base. Aperture
broadly oval; outer lip partly expanded and reflected; inner lip quite
broad, reflected to form a narrow umbilicus.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313670) was
collected by Quadras on Mindoro without definite locality. It has
5.3 whorls and measures: Length, 25.2 mm; greater diameter, 14.4
mm; lesser diameter, 12.9 mm.
This race is a miniature of the larger subspecies found on Tablas
Island.
COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) CUYOENSIS SUBPALLIDA Bartsch
PiLate 107, FicureE 8
1932. Cochlostyla (Prochilus) cuyoensis subpallida Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 338.
Shell very small and thin, semitranslucent, of pale straw-color,
marked by broad, retractively slanting, hydrophanous bands, which
appear to terminate at the periphery. There is the faintest indication
of a peripheral dark band and an ill-defined columellar area of the same
shade. The nuclear whorls are white. The interior of the aperture,
peristome, and columella are likewise white. Nuclear whorls 1.5,
well rounded, smooth except for incremental lines, which render the
summit slightly crenulated. The postnuclear whorls are moderately
rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked by retractively slanting
lines of growth, which are faintly threadlike. Suture moderately
constricted. Periphery with the merest indication of an obsolete
angle. Base moderately long, well rounded; aperture broadly oval;
outer lip expanded and reflected; inner lip broadly expanded and
reflected to form the narrow umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered
by a straw-colored callus. ©
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313671) was collected by C. Canonizado on
Caluya Island. It has 5.3 whorls and measures: Length, 25.1 mm;
greater diameter, 14.1 mm; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm.
This race differs from Cochlostyla (Prochilus) cuyoensis contracta in
its exceedingly thin shell, which permits all the interior to be seen by
transmitted light, and in lacking the decided color bands.
COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) FICTILIS (Broderip)
Sheil small, spindle-shaped, covered with a thick periostracum,
which is usually fulgurated with hydrophanous bands. In one of the
subspecies, Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis mangarina, there is a broad
white band at the summit; in the others this is absent. The ground
color varies considerably, but usually it is some shade of brown.
The interior of the aperture is bluish white, and the peristome is of
the same shade or tinged with pale yellow. Typical Cochlostyla
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 467
(Prochilus) fictilis fictilis (Broderip) and Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis
larvata (Broderip) come from Cuyo Island, which is one of the elements
of the northern Calamian group.
The three subspecies that I am here describing come from the south-
western tip of Mindoro, southeastern part of Mindoro, and the Island
of Ambulong immediately southwest of Ilin Island, also adjacent to
Mindoro.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) FICTILIS IN MINDORO
PROVINCE
Shelloeyellow.d -eesdee sl 5 cl4—et see ld qecgacteeegtgsqehios > =Aeeepeeses-= fulva
Shell not yellow.
Shell brownish.
White band at summit very narrow____-____.-.--------ambulonensis
White-bandlatisummit-very-broad{ls 2320 Oe bee £e Bee. cagurana
COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) FICTILIS FULVA Bartsch
Piate 107, Fiaures 6-7
1914. Cochlostyla (Prochilus) larvata M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER, Sem=-
per’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, p. 332 (in part), pl. 73,
figs. 11, 12.
1932. Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis fulua BaArtscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 339.
Von Modllendorff, Kobelt, and Winter described and figured, under
the name Cocihlostyla (Prochilus) larvata, a shell in the following terms:
“Shell small, subperforate, subfusiform, pyramidal, quite solid,
shining, nearly smooth, yellowish, subunicolor, or ornamented with
pale oblique distant streaks. Spire pyramidal, turreted; apex some-
what obtuse. Whorls 6, nearly flattened, slightly increasing. Suture
slightly impressed, the last whorl equaling two-fifths of the entire
length of the shell, slightly descending anteriorly. Base attenuated.
Aperture narrow, oblong, oval, compressed at the base, white within.
Peristome thickened, white, with partly expanded margin. Parietal
callus very thin, translucent but well defined externally; it does not
render the peristome complete. The external margin of the peristome
is broadly expanded, thickened, white, joining the columella with the
posterior angle of the aperture.’”” The measurements given by these
authors are: Altitude 32.5 mm; diameter, 19mm. Altitude of aper-
ture with peristome, 14 mm; diameter, 10 mm.
They cited southeast Mindoro as the type locality and stated that
the specimen figured is considerably smaller than the typical race,
that it appears to be almost unicolor, except for a very small remnant
of the basal columellar dark area, but that it has the characteristic,
almost spindle, shape of the type.
I have not seen specimens of it and have given a free translation of
the Latin diagnosis and a copy of their figure.
468 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) FICTILIS AMBULONENSIS Bartsch
Puate 107, Figure 3
1901. Cochlostyla fictilis ELera, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Filipinas,
vol. 3, p. 609; in part.
1914. Cochlostyla fictilis M6LLENDORFF, KoBEett, and WintTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 334-335 (in part), pl. 73, figs.
15, 16.
1932. Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis ambulonensis Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 339.
Shell small, spindle-shaped, covered with a thin periostracum, which
varies apparently in its color scheme, being in the hydrophanous areas
pale straw-yellow. In the darker area it is either transparent or
partakes of the dark portion of the subadjacent shell. Interior of
aperture, the expanded outer lip, columella, and parietal callus white.
Nuclear whorls 1.7, forming a slender apex, marked only by lines of
growth. Postnuclear whorls rather high between the summit and
suture, appressed at the summit, slightly rounded, and marked by
retractively slanting lines of growth and rather strong and rather
distantly spaced incised spiral lines, which are present on both spire
and base. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery well rounded.
Base produced, moderately rounded. Aperture very elongate-ovate.
Outer lip broadly expanded, particularly basally, and reflected. The
inner lip broadly expanded and reflected, forming the narrow um-
bilicus. Parietal wall covered by a thick callus, which, while trans-
lucent, nevertheless shows whitish.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313600), collected by Quadras on Ambulon
Island, has 6.1 whorls and measures: Length, 36.7 mm; greater di-
ameter, 14.9 mm.
U.S.N.M. no. 313601, from the same source, has 6.5 whorls and
measures: Length, 39.7 mm; greater diameter, 16.4 mm.
Still another (U.S.N.M. no. 104349), from the Cuming collection,
without definite locality, has 5.5 whorls and measures: Length, 38.8
mm; greater diameter, 16.2 mm.
COCHLOSTYLA (PROCHILUS) FICTILIS CAGURANA Bartsch
Puate 107, Fiaure 2
1932. Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis cagurana BartscH, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 339.
Shell spindle-shaped. The early whorls white, gradually passing
through pale buff and darker buff into brown, the last whorl being
dark chestnut-brown except for a broad zone of white near the summit.
The peristome, columella, and interior of aperture are white. In
addition to this the shell is marked by broad axial zones of white.
Nuclear whorls 2, rather high, forming a rather pointed apex. Post-
nuclear whorls high between the summit and suture, appressed at the
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 469
summit, slightly rounded, marked by retractively curved axial lines
of growth and wavy, moderately deeply incised, rather distantly
spaced spiral lines. Suture very slightly constricted; periphery
strongly rounded. Base protracted, moderately rounded. Aperture
broadly oval; outer lip very broadly expanded and reflected, thick.
The inner lip also broadly expanded and very thick and reflected over
the umbilical area, leaving only a narrow chink anteriorly. The
parietal wall is covered by a thick whitish callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313598), collected by Pedro de Mesa
at Mangarin or Cagurai, in southwestern Mindoro, has 6.4 whorls
and measures: Length, 38.3 mm; greater diameter, 15.9 mm.
Three additional specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313599), considerably
smaller than the type, yield the following measurements:
Greater Lesser
dia.neter diameter
Number of whorls
This race is easily distinguished from the other Mindoro shells by
its broad white band at the summit.
Subgenus CHRYSALLIS Albers
In this subgenus the shell varies from ovate to ovate-conic to
pupiform. Its base is slightly perforated. There is a great diversity
in the thickness of the shell in the various species and races. The
color varies from white through yellow, tawny to brown, and almost
blackish brown, and the hydrophanous periostracum is equally vari-
able, usually forming axial streaks or fulgurations of varying width
and extent. The aperture may be white or dark within. The peri-
stome varies also from white through buff through brown to iridescent
bluish black.
The type is Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis (Sowerby).
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS (Sowerby)
Shell elongate-conic to pupiform, ranging in color from almost white
through pale straw-color to lemon-yellow. Some races are unicolor,
that is, almost white throughout, but even these show near the summit
a series of hydrophanous marks corresponding more or less to hydroph-
anous axial bands. In shells that have a brown spiral zone im-
mediately below the summit, the hydrophanous bands when present
in the periostracum cause this brown band to be broken up into spots.
The peristome may be white, yellowish, or brownish purple. Usually
470 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
the shells with the brown subsutural band have the dark-colored
peristome. In the forms with the dark peristome the outer edge of the
parietal callus is also tinted with the same shade. The postnuclear
whorls are marked by irregular and irregularly developed, somewhat
retractively slanting, rather closely spaced, obsolete riblets, which
vary considerably in strength in the races here described. This
species is confined to the island of Mindoro.
I am resurrecting Cochlostyla ustulata (Jay), as I have, in all the
material that I have seen, not found any intergrade between this and
Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis. Furthermore, the island of Mindoro
has so many races of other things geographically separated that I feel
certain that the forms of Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis, which I am here
recognizing, will be found to have a geographic basis.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS
Summit of the whorls with a brown band.
Sheliielongate-ovate 28 3k oe oe he Re ee chrysalidiformis
Dhelleylindric 4: ey POR SR Se ee macra
Summit of the whorls without a brown band.
Exterior-oF shel rotigitss. 620 Se Petree hae ee bee ee Re RY oe villosa
Exterior of shell not rough.
Parietal wall straw-color.
Shell*thindiaphanousl + Yo Reet Sek Sih Ve ep ee rarior
Shell not thin or diaphanousi#u@sgs_ 6542227 is ae ee enodosa
Parietal will torO was ae ge ee fuscata
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS CHRYSALIDIFORMIS (Sowerby)
PuaTE 108, Fiaure 5
1833. Bulinus chrysalidiformis SowERBy, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1833, p. 37.
1833. Bulinus chrysalidiformis SowERBY, The conchological illustrations, pl. 30,
fig. 28.
1836. Bulinus chrysalidiformis Mi.urr, Synopsis... testaceorum viven-
tim 27.4.7; ph 26!
1838. Bulimus chrysalidiformis DrsHayEs, Lamarck’s Histoire naturelle des
animaux sans vertébres, ed. 2, vol. 8, p. 278.
1841. Bulinus chrysalidiformis Broprerir, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, p. 86;
in part.
1848. Bulimus chrysalidiformis PreirrerR, Monographia heliceorum viventium,
vol. 2, p. 76.
1848. Bulimus chrysalidiformis ReEve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 4, fig. 16.
1850. Bulimus (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 141.
1851. Bulimus chrysalidiformis DrsHayss, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle .. .
mollusques ... , vol. 2, pp. 56—57 (in part), pl. 149, figs. 10-11.
1855. Bulimus chrysalidiformis PreirreR. Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,
ed. 2, vol. 1, Abt. 18, Theil 1, pp. 201-202, pl. 57, fig. 3.
1855. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis H. and A. Apams, The genera of
recent Mollusca, vol. 2, p. 143.
1856. Bulimus chrysalidiformis PrrirFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 150.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE A71
1860. Chrysallis chrysalidiformis Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 179.
1892. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, p. 51,
pl. 14, fig. 64.
1895. Helicostyla chrysalidiformis Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231.
1897. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis H1ipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 247,
263, 271, 322, 331, 340, 350.
1898. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis M6uLENpDoRFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz,
vol. 22,p. 146.
1901. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis HipauGo, Obras malacologicas, pp. 550-551
(in part), pl. 105, fig. 3; pl. 155, fig. 9.
1914. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis MO6tLENDORFF, KOoBELT, and
Winter, Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp.
335-336, pl. 75, figs. 1, 2.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis chrysalidiformis Bartscu, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 339.
1938. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis CuENcH and ArcHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 552.
Shell elongate-ovate, with a thin, translucent, yellowish perios-
tracum, which is marked by axial hydrophanous streaks that extend
up to the summit of the whorls across the brown bands, where they
give to the shell an almost denticulated appearance. When the
periostracum is removed the shell is soiled flesh-color, and has a
moderately broad brown zone immediately below the summit and
this zone extends up to. the nuclear whorls to the very beginning of the
shell, becoming increasingly narrower. The peristome is fringed by a
pale purplish chocolate zone, which also marks more or less distinctly
the outer edge of the parietal callus. The interior of the aperture is
bluish white. Nuclear whorls 2.5, smooth, except a little frilling at
the summit; the postnuclear markings, particularly the hydrophanous
zones, carry over at least half of the nucleus. The postnuclear whorls
are moderately rounded, almost appressed at the summit, and marked
by low, rather broad, closely spaced, irregular, slightly retractively
curved, axial riblets, which give to the surface of the shell a rather
rough appearance. These riblets, or exaggerated growth lines, extend
over the base to the umbilical region. The periphery of the last whorl
shows as a decidedly obsolete angle. Aperture oval. Outer lip
rather strongly reflected, thin; the inner lip with a decided twist,
almost amounting to a tooth, expanding basally into a broad callus,
which is reflected over the base and extends over the parietal wall as a
thin callus.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 14354) is one
received from Cuming. It has 7.5 whorls and measures: Length,
69 mm; greater diameter, 30mm. Another, bearing the same catalog
number, has 6.9 whorls and measures: Length, 62.7 mm; greater
diameter, 32 mm.
In addition we have seven specimens and a young example, none of
which bears a specific locality: Two from the Jay collection (U.S.N.M.
472 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
no. 104355) have 7.1 and 6.9 whorls and measure: Length, 71.6 and
60 mm; greater diameter, 31.5 and 39.2 mm, respectively. Two
(U.S.N.M. no. 104050) collected by Rich (who was on the U. S. Ex-
ploring Expedition, but the expedition touched only at the southern
end of the island) have 7.5 and 7.2 whorls and measure: Length, 66.1
and 63.3 mm; greater diameter, 29.7 and 27.2 mm, respectively.
Two and a young specimen (U.S.N.M. no. 20348) collected by the
Exploring Expedition, probably also were purchased in Manila. One
of these has 7.5 whorls and measures: Length, 74.8 mm; greater
diameter, 33 mm. The other adult specimen has an injured tip and
so was not measured. U.S.N.M. no. 109467, from the Redfield col-
lection, has 7.1 whorls and measures: Length, 66 mm; greater diameter,
31.7 mm.
Sowerby, in describing this species, stated that it came from Central
America. The Cuming specimens probably all came from north-
eastern Mindoro.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS MACRA Bartsch
Puate 108, Fiaure 6
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis macra BartscxH, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 339.
Shell very slender, pupiform, covered with a pale straw-colored
periostracum, which is crossed by axial, somewhat zigzag, retractively
curved, hydrophanous zones that extend upon the dark band at the
summit as false teeth. The early whorls are darker in color than the
last two-thirds of the shell. When the periostracum is removed a
brown zone is apparent immediately below the summit on all the turns.
The outer edge of the reflected peristome is of a bright reddish-brown
tone, and so is the outer edge of the columella and parietal callus. The
interior of the aperture is white. Nuclear whorls about 2.5, smooth.
The postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded, marked by strong,
somewhat rough, retractively slanting lines of growth, which almost
attain the strength of riblets and which extend over the base to the
umbilical area. The sculpture is a little weaker than in the typical
race. The summit of the whorls is appressed, and the suture is but
slightly constricted. The periphery is well rounded. The aperture is
irregularly auriculate. The peristome is expanded and reflected, that
of the inner lip being broadly expanded at the insertion of the inner
lip and reflected over the umbilicus, leaving only a narrow chink. It
extends over the parietal wall as a thin callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 382969) is without specific locality. It
has 8 whorls and measures: Length, 74 mm; greater diameter, 24.7
mm.
The extreme slenderness of this race distinguishes it from the other
forms.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 473
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS VILLOSA Bartsch
PLATE 108, Figure 2
1841. Bulinus chrysalidiformis var. d BropERtip, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840,
. 86.
1892. Coen set chrysalidiformis Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, p. 52 (in
part), pl. 14, fig. 65.
1901. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis var. D H1ipatco, Obras malacologicas, p. 551,
pl. 105, fig. 4.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis villosa Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 339.
Shell elongate-ovate. The early whorls are white, the later whorls
covered with a pale straw-colored periostracum, which is crossed at
more or less regular intervals by axial hydrophanous bands. The base
is colored like the preceding portion of the last turn. Aperture and
peristome white. Nuclear whorls 2.2, well rounded, smooth except
for a few lines of growth. The postnuclear whorls are moderately
rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked by rather rough, some-
what wrinkled, flattened, axial riblets, which are of irregular strength
and spacing and extend to the umbilical chink. Suture slightly con-
stricted. The periphery is feebly obsoletely angulated. Aperture
auricular; the outer lip broadly expanded and reflected; the inner lip
also broadly expanded at its insertion and reflected over the umbilicus,
extending as a thin callus over the parietal wall.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 315858) comes from the Evezard collection
and is labeled merely ‘‘Philippines.” It probably belongs in north-
eastern Mindoro. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Length, 66.8 mm;
greater diameter, 31.2 mm.
This shell in general shape and sculpture resembles most nearly
typical Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis chrysalidiformis, being a little
rougher in sculpture and lacking the dark colored band at the summit
and the dark edge to the lip. It can be distinguished from Cochlostyla
chrysalidiformis enodosa by its larger size, more elongate form, and
stronger sculpture.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS RARIOR Bartsch
PuaTE 108, Ficure 4
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis rarior Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 339.
The shell is very thin, diaphanous, elongate-conic, pupiform. The
early whorls and the interior of the aperture and peristome are milk
white. The postnuclear whorls are covered with a thin, translucent,
yellowish periostracum, which is marked by pale buff, retractively
slanting, fulgurations. Nuclear whorls 3, forming a moderately
elevated apex, marked by retractively slanting lines of growth, which
are strongest on the last turn where they render the summit slightly
474 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
crinkled. The last whorl is also marked by closely spaced, incised,
spiral striations. The postnuclear whorls are appressed at the summit,
moderately rounded, marked by retractively slanting lines of growth
and closely spaced, microscopic, spiral striations and still finer criss-
cross sculpture, which cuts the lines of growth obliquely and is present
on both spire and base. Suture slightly constricted. The periphery
is feebly obsoletely angulated. The base is rather long, well rounded.
Aperture oval. The peristome is strongly expanded and reflected;
columella broadly expanded at its insertion and reflected to form the
umbilical chink. The parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313644), collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Calawagan, Paluan, Mindoro, has 7.1 whorls and measures: Length,
63.8 mm; greater diameter, 29 mm; lesser diameter, 24 mm.
U.S.N.M. no. 313645 contains eight topotypes received from the
same source, seven of which yield the following measurements:
Greater Lesser
diameter diameter
Number of whorls
(ROR 28 Bitar ae rae o 56. 4 28. 1 23. 8
6 AEE he ler 26. 4 Doak
f§AQ so: ote tee Baebes 58. 5 27.9 29. 0
OL OE Sear. ees see 49. 1 25. 9 ZnO
Osea sos ae See 42. 4 20. 20. 3
Ghee walt aes Pre 60. 7 30. 3 24. 9
Gabi ee cls seb eels F. 59. 5 26. 5 23. 4
Gy DEE 1 a ites sep risge Fe 154.0 1 26. 97 1 23. 68
Ce ae ee oe eS a 260. 7 330. 3 229. 0
Gin Sites 22 2 ater ase) ee 342.4 3 23. 7 3 20. 3
1 Average. 2 Greatest. 3 Least.
This race is remarkable for the extreme thinness of its shell and for
the enormous variation in size in the different specimens, as brought
out by the table of measurements.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS ENODOSA Bartsch
Puate 108, Ficure 3
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis enodosa Bartscu, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 339.
Shell ovate, apparently in perfect specimens covered by a golden-
yellow periostracum; at least this is indicated by a few shreds that
are left on our shells and also by the part covered by the parietal
callus. The only specimen before me is badly denuded. ‘The peri-
stome and aperture are white. The nuclear whorls are well rounded,
smooth. The postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded and
appressed at the summit, separated by a slightly constricted suture.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 475
Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Aperture oval. Outer
lip moderately expanded and reflected; inner lip broadly expanded
at its insertion and reflected over the umbilicus, extending over the
parietal wall as a rather heavy callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 382970) was collected by the Exploring
Expedition, probably in the southern tip of the island of Mindoro
where the expedition made alanding. It has 6.9 whorls and measures:
Length, 59.8 mm; greater diameter, 28.9 mm.
This form is nearest related to Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis villosa,
from which it can easily be distinguished by its more ovate form
and much less strongly developed sculpture.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CHRYSALIDIFORMIS FUSCATA Bartsch
Puiate 108, Figure 1
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis fuscata Bartrscu, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
Shell elongate-ovate, with a rather regularly conic spire. The
early whorls are flesh-color, the succeeding turns gradually becoming
more yellow and tending to orange on the last volution. The parietal
wall is covered by a pale-brown callus. Peristome soiled white.
The interior of aperture is white with a grayish tinge. In addition
there are hydrophanous bands extending from the summit, which
they render falsely denticulate, to the umbilical chink. Nuclear
whorls 2.2, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are only
slightly rounded; the last one is very feebly obsoletely angulated at
the periphery, with the base well rounded. The whorls are appressed
at the summit and marked by rather weak, irregularly developed,
retractively slanting, closely spaced lines of growth, which extend
to the umbilical chink at the last turn. Suture but slightly con-
stricted. Aperture rather broadly oval. The outer lip is slightly
expanded and reflected; the inner lip is rather broadly expanded and
reflected over the base as a thick callus. The parietal wall is covered
by a thin translucent callus, which permits the brown parietal wall
to shine through.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 382971) was collected by Lieutenant
Febiger. 1t has 6.8 whorls and measures: Length, 70.7 mm; greater
diameter, 32.4 mm.
No specific locality 1s given, but the specimens are labeled Coch-
lostyla mindoroensis and are from the Lea collection, which would
indicate that they came from Mindoro.
Two additional specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 104356), from the same
source, have 6.2 and 7 whorls and measure: Length, 58.7 and 60.1
mm; greater diameter, 28.9 and 34 mm, respectively.
476 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) JAYI Bartsch
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi Bartrscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 340.
Shell pupiform, almost cylindro-conic, rather heavy. The apex
varies in color from white to dark chestnut-brown. The early post-
nuclear whorls are considerably lighter than the later turns. The
postnuclear whorls are covered by a moderately thick periostracum,
which may be axially banded, streaked, blotched, spotted, or ful-
gurated with yellowish buff. These markings extend to the umbilical
chink on the last whorl. The aperture is bluish white or pinkish
white, while the expanded and reflected peristome may be soiled white,
brownish, or almost black with an iridescent blue reflection. Nuclear
whorls usually 3, well rounded; the first one is smooth, those succeed-
ing are marked by fine incremental lines. The postnuclear whorls
are appressed at the summit, moderately well rounded, and marked
by irregular, low, closely approximated, threadlike lines of growth
and also by obsolete indications of spiral striations and fine criss-
cross microscopic lines that cut the lines of growth obliquely. The
base is sculptured like the spire. The aperture is oval, oblique,
almost auricular, with the peristome decidedly expanded and reflected.
That of the inner lip broadly expanded at the insertion of the
columella where it is reflected over the base to almost cover the
umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus.
The number of whorls varies between 7 and 8. The detailed
measurements are given under the races here recognized.
Of this species I am now recognizing three subspecies, two of which
are bright chestnut-brown in the dark coloration, while the third is
much darker. The two paler-colored subspecies have brown lips,
while the dark one has an almost black lip with a purplish tinge. The
first of these, typical Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayr jayr, comes from
northeastern Mindoro; the second, corresponding with this in color,
comes from Calawagan near Paluan in northwestern Mindoro;
while the dark-colored race occupies an intermediate position on the
north coast centering about Abra de Llog.
|
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) JAYI
The ground color of the last whorl bright chestnut-brown.
ShellMarge,’ length more than 7O"mnis 8s fh SoS eee ae jayi
Shell not large, length less than 65 mm____---_----------------- perpusilla
The ground color of the last whorl almost blackish brown___----- camorongana
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) JAYI JAYI Bartsch
PuaTEe 109, Figure 6
1839. Bulimus ustulatus Jay, Catalogue of recent shells in the cabinet of John C.
Jay, ed. 2, p. 119, pl. 6, fig. 1.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE AT7
1841. Bulinus chrysalidiformis var. a and b Broperip, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1840, p. 86.
1848. Bulimus chrysalidiformis Rrnve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 4, fig. 16b;
in part.
1851. Bulimus chrysalidiformis DesHayxrs, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle. .
mollusques . . ., vol. 2, pp. 56-57 (in part), pl. 149, figs. 5, 6.
1855. Bulimus chrysalidiformis Prrirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,
ed. 2, vol. 1, Abt. 13, Theil 1, pp. 201-202 (in part), pl. 57, figs. 1, 2.
1859. Chrysallis chrysalidiformis Cumnu, Man. Conch., vol. 1, p. 434, fig. 3194.
1891. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis H1pauco, Obras malacologicas, pp. 550-551.
pl. 155, fig. 3; in part.
1892. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis Prtspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 51-52
(in part), pl. 14, figs. 66, 67.
1892. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis ustulatus Piuspry, tbid., pp. 51-52, pl. 14,
figs. 66, 67.
1895. Helicostyla chrysalidiformis ustulatus Pruspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9,
p. 231.
1896. Chrysallis chrysalidiformis var. ustulata Evera, Catalogo sistematico de
toda la fauna de Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 611.
1897. Cochlostyla ustulata H1paueGo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 247, 322.
1898. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis ustulatus M6LLENDOoRFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges.
Gorlitz, vol. 22, p. 146.
1898. Cochlostyla ustulata M6LLENDORFF, tbid., p. 146.
1901. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis var. c Hipautco, Obras malacologicas, pt. 1,
pp. 550-551 (in part), pl. 105, fig. 3.
1914. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis ustulatus MOLLENDORFF, KoBELt, and WINTER,
Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, p. 336, pl. 75. fig. 3.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi jayi Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 340.
Through an evident oversight, Jay gave to this shell the name
Bulimus ustulatus on page 119 of his Catalogue, forgetting Bulimus
ustulatus Sowerby published in 1833 in Conchological Illustrations,
figure 42, which Jay quotes on page 57 of his Catalogue, where he
describes his shell as ‘1919b Bulimus ustulatus Sowb., Conch. Illust.,
fig. 42.”” The fact that most authors consider Jay’s name a synonym
of Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis (Sowerby) has been responsible for
its not having been rechristened. I therefore have renamed it Cochlo-
styla (Chrysallis) gayi.
Shell large, pupiform, cylindro-conic, rather rough. The early
whorls are flesh-color with a narrow brownish zone at the summit.
This gradually changes through straw-color to bright chestnut-brown
ground color and is crossed by hydrophanous axial zigzag bands of
straw-color. This coloration also holds good on the base. The
aperture is bluish white within, and the peristome and columella are
livid with a purplish tinge. The parietal callus is thin and of the same
color as the peristome. Nuclear whorls 2.8, well rounded, smooth.
The postnuclear whorls are slightly rounded, appressed at the summit,
and marked by retractively curved irregular lines of growth, which
give to the surface a somewhat rough appearance, almost that of
478 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
being marked by closely spaced, flattened, threadlike riblets. The
entire surface of the shell is marked by numerous fine, oblique,
crisscross lines, which run obliquely across the lines of growth, both
protractively and retractively. Both of these elements are of about
the same strength and give to the surface a somewhat netted appear-
ance when viewed under the microscope. The aperture is somewhat
irregularly ovate, not infrequently oblique; the peristome is broadly
expanded and reflected on the outer and basal lips. The inner lip
is also broadly expanded, particularly so at the insertion of the
columella, where it is reflected and adnate to the base but leaves
behind its edge the umbilical chink. The parietal wall is glazed
by a moderately thick callus.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 104352) was
collected by Cuming and therefore comes from the northeastern
region of the island. It has 7.2 whorls and measures: Length, 70.6
mm; greater diameter, 31.2 mm.
Another specimen (U.S.N.M. no. 104353), also of Cuming’s collect-
ing, likewise has 7.2 whorls and measures: Length, 70.8 mm; greater
diameter, 31.2 mm. There are eight additional specimens before me
without specific localities.
Two specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 20350a) were obtained by the U. S.
Exploring Expedition. These show considerable differences from those
just described for the northern race. It is more than likely that they
were obtained in the southern tip of Mindoro where the Exploring
Expedition collected. However, they are too decorticated to serve as
the basis for a description. The defining of the southern race will,
therefore, have to await the arrival of more material.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) JAYI PERPUSILLA Bartsch
PuatTe 109, Fiaure §
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi perpusilla Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
The shell is cylindro-conic. Nuclear whorls buff. The early post-
nuclear whorls are very pale chestnut-brown; the last one is dark
chestnut-brown fulgurated with almost vertical broad hydrophanous
bands. The interior of the aperture and peristome are smoky bluish
white, the latter being edged with brown. The columella has the same
color scheme as the outer lip. The rest of the features are as in
typical Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi jayi, except that the aperture in
the specimen before me seems more regular.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313685) was collected by Mr. de Mesa at
Calawagan near Paluan, Mindoro. It has 7 whorls and measures:
Length, 64.7 mm; greater diameter, 28.6 mm; lesser diameter,
24.7 mm.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 479
Although I have only the type of this race before me, I believe that
it is a perfectly well-recognized subspecies, differing from typical
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi jayi in its much smaller size and its wide
zoogeographical separation from the typical form, and that subse-
quent material will substantiate my contention.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) JAY! CAMORONGANA Bartsch
Puate 109, Ficure 7
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi camorongana Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) ustulata CLENcH and ARCHER, Papers Michigan
Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 551, pl. 58, fig. 6.
Shell pupoid, almost cylindro-conic. The nuclear whorls are of
bluish color or dark chocolate-brown. The early postnuclear whorls
are chestnut-brown, while the last turn is of almost blackish-brown
ground color. The periostracum covering the postnuclear whorls is
variegated with axial streaks, spots, dashes, or fulgurations of yellowish
buff. The aperture is bluish white, and the broadly expanded and
reflected peristome is almost black with a very bright iridescent
bluish reflection. The triangle of the inner edge of the columella near
its insertion is bluish smoky, while the parietal wall is covered with a
transparent callus. Nuclear whorls 3, well rounded; the first smooth,
the next showing incremental lines, while the last shows the sculpture
of the postnuclear whorls. The postnuclear whorls are appressed at
the summit and marked by low, rounded, closely approximated,
somewhat irregularly developed lines of growth and numerous pale ill-
defined spiral striations. In addition the usual fine microscopic criss-
cross sculpture that cuts the lines of growth obliquely, both protrac-
tively and retractively, is present. The sculpture of the spire is also
characteristic of the base. The aperture is oblique, subauricular; the
inner lip is reflected over the umbilicus at its insertion.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313620) was collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Camorong, Municipality of Abra de Ilog, northern Mindoro. It has
7.4 whorls and measures: Length, 73 mm; greater diameter, 28.8
mm; lesser diameter, 25.8 mm.
A series of topotypes, all collected by Mr. de Mesa, yields the
measurements shown on the following page.
480 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
U.S.N.M. no. Mererats, (by ener Hae EAA Acie:
Mm Mm Mm
SSG QM sn ee ae eo 76. 8 30. 3 28.8
313621 ae ss ee Te Al 68. 3 30. 3 26. 0
Si S62 ee ee ees 6. 7 64. 5 25.7 24. 4
SiS GQ ss iaaee Sa 6. 9 64. 5 28. 7 25. 8
SIS C526 ae ee eer 6. 6 78. 6 Dilenes 26. 6
SISO 2s. Ce a aes 655 “loo Slew: QO
SUS G5 ise eet eee 6. 4 67. 7 31.0 26. 5
SiS Gin eee allel cea d 6.5 rile 30. 8 28. 0
SSG ene ee ee ee 6. 2 67. 1 29. 6 25. 6
SUS 65 Ose ee A See es 6. 0 68. 0 32. 0 28. 4
SIS65Ot es. eae ss _Y 6. 5 72.9 34. 0 30. 3
S13650. 2. Sa ee eee 6. 5 63. 3 28. 6 24.9
SISO HO nt ee eo oe 6) 1 68. 3 29. 7 25. 6
3136504. UE . OF 6. 3 74.1 29. 1 25. 8
SI S65 Onset ae eee 6. 5 65. 8 29. 5 26. 9
SOOO Opens eee 6. 8 Gad 29. 8 28. 4
IAVETR Cos ewe ers 6. 57 69. 89 29. 84 26. 8
Greatest ace eee Ltd aD 78. 6 34. 0 30. 3
Wegst OSes ee 6. 0 63. 3 2 5sne 24. 4
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) LICHENIFER (Mérch)
Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate, rather smooth. The early
whorls are pale brown, the last one of considerably darker ground
color marked by fulgurations of yellowish-white axial bands. Interior
of aperture bluish white edged with purplish brown, which also
forms a zone at the outer edge of the parietal callus, while the callus
itself is of the same color as the interior of the aperture. The post-
nuclear whorls are slightly rounded, appressed at the summit, and
marked by rather closely spaced lines of growth, which make the
spaces between them look like flattened, slender, appressed threads.
The entire surface of the shell is marked by numerous fine incised
lines, which cross the lines of growth obliquely both protractively and
retractively and give to the surface, under the microscope, a finely
fenestrated pattern. The aperture is broadly ovate, oblique; the
peristome is decidedly expanded all around and reflected over the
parietal wall as a heavy callus.
I am recognizing two subspecies of this species: Cochlostyla lichenifer
lichenifer (Mérch), which I have not seen, and Cochlostyla lichenifer
avittata, a race of which a specimen was collected by Dr. Edgar A.
Mearns on the Mount Halcon Expedition. The two races can be
distinguished as follows:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) LICHENIFER
Peripheral zone, of brown. present—__ +. <= 36 ee lichenifer
Peripheral zone.of brown absent... .- (= Soe avittata
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 481
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) LICHENIFER LICHENIFER (Mérch)
Puate 110, Ficure 5
1850. Bulimus lichenifer Mércu, Catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit C. P.
Kierulf .. ., pp. 6, 29, pl. 1, fig. 3.
1853. Bulimus lichenifer Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
pp. 322-323.
1859. Bulimus electricus PrrirFER, Monographia heliceroum viventium, vol. 4,
p. 389; in part.
1860. Bulimus lichenifer Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 321.
1868. Bulimus electricus Pretrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 5,
p. 35; in part.
1876. Bulimus lichenifer Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 50; in part.
1877. Cochlostyla electrica Semper, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2,
vo]. 3, pp. 222; in part.
1887. Cochlostyla electrica H1pauco, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 174; in part.
1892. Cochlostyla electrica Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 53-54 (in
part), pl. 15, fig. 5.
1895. Helicostyla electrica Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231; in part.
1896. Chrysallis electrica ELpRA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Filipinas,
vol. 3, p. 612; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla lichenifer HipauGco, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 254, 281, 294.
1898. Cochlostyla electrica M6uLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p.
147; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla electrica H1pauGo, Obras malacologicas, pl. 155, fig. 5(?).
1914. Cochlostyla electrica MéuLENDoRFF, KosrELtT, and Winter, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 339-340.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) lichenifer lichenifer Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
Of lichenifer Morch says: That it differs from B. virgata by having
the shell opaque, more ventricose, and the axial lines conspicuous,
the parietal callus heavy and white and the columellar fold oblique
and twisted. He gives the length as 57 mm and the diameter as 25
mm. He describes varieties a and 6. Of a he describes the shell as
chestnut-color, the early whorls yellowish below, periostracum greenish
yellow, marked by microscopic, wavy, closely spaced, transverse
lines. There are a columellar and a peripheral band on the last whorl,
which is also marked by oblique fulgurations, which are edged with
yellow and covered with an inconspicuous periostracum. Peristome
dark, even in semiadult specimens.
I have no specimens that can be referred to typical Cochlostyla
lichenifer. A somewhat worn shell collected by Mearns belongs here
but is sufficiently different to merit a distinct subspecific name.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) LICHENIFER AVITTATA Bartsch
Puate 110, Ficurn 4
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) lichenifer avittata Barrscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
1185—38——_8
482 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Shell elongate-ovate, rather slender. The early whorls dark, the
middle ones flesh-color with a brownish tinge, the last one dark brown.
Upon this ground color are placed slightly retractively slanting ful-
gurations of pale flesh-colored axial bands having a yellowish tinge.
The aperture is white with a livid tinge. The expanded peristome is
bounded on the edge by a purplish zone, which also marks the edge
of the parietal callus, the rest of the callus agreeing with the interior
of the aperture. The postnuclear whorls are feebly rounded, ap-
pressed at the summit, and marked by very slender, retractively curved
axial threads, which are closely approximated and decidedly flattened,
so that the spaces between them appear as mere lines. This sculpture
extends also over the base. In addition the entire surface of the shell
is marked by numerous microscopic, rather closely approximated
crisscross lines, which pass obliquely over the lines of growth and give
to the surface of the shell, when viewed under high magnification, a
finely fenestrated appearance. The aperture is broadly ovate,
decidedly oblique; the peristome is broadly expanded and reflected.
The peristome of the inner lip is widest at its base, where it continues
over the parietal wall as a heavy callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 382972) was collected by Col. Edgar A.
Mearns on Mount Halcon, Mindoro. It has the early whorls broken;
the four remaining measure: Length, 61.8 mm; greater diameter, 28
mm.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ELECTRICA (Reeve)
Shell ovate. The first postnuclear whorls bluish, the rest flesh-
color with the posterior half brown, which becomes the ground color of
the rest of the turns. This ground color is covered by a periostracum
of varying thickness and usually of yellowish tinge through which the
axial fulgurations show. The aperture is brilliantly bluish white;
peristome dark purplish brown at the edge gradually blending into the
white of the interior. A zone of this color also covers the outer edge
of the parietal callus, thus completely framing the aperture. The
whorls are moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked
by fine retractively slanting lines of growth and numerous microscopic
crisscross lines, which cross the lines of growth obliquely and give to
the surface, under the microscope, a somewhat reticulated pattern, but
the distinctive features of the species appear to be curious wavy inter-
rupted axial hydrophanous lines and spots, which give to the surface
of the shell a vermiculated appearance that I have not seen in any of
the other species.
I have not seen the typical race from Puerto Galera and shall have
to quote description and figures of this from Reeve. I have, however,
two races from the southern end of the island—one from the east coast
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 483
and one from the west coast—which are here described and figured.
The following key will help to distinguish them:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ELECTRICA
Light fulgurations broad and protractively slanting__________________ electrica
Light fulgurations narrow and retractively slanting.
Periostragumcvery Goin Sheu Ovat@. 222 oe es ee mangarina
Periostracum thick; shell narrowly ovate_......--..-..----. bulalacacana
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ELECTRICA ELECTRICA (Reeve)
PuaTEe 109, Figure 5
1841. Bulinus mindoroensis var. k BRopERIP, Proc. Zoo]. Soc. London, 1840, pp.
85-86.
1851. Bulimus electricus Rrerve, Conchologia iconica, pl. 5, fig. 21.
1853. Bulimus electricus Preirrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
p. 326.
1856. Bulimus electricus PrrirreR, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 150.
1859. Bulimus electricus PrEirrFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4,
p. 389: in part.
1860. Chrysallis electrica Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 179.
1876. Bulimus electricus Prrtrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 50; in part.
1877. Cochlostyla electrica SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2, vol.
3, p. 222; in part.
1887. Cochlostyla electrica H1pauao, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 174.
1892. Cochlostyla electrica Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 51, 53-54
(in part), pl. 15, fig. 4.
1895. Helicostyla electrica Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231.
1896. Cochlostyla electrica? ExERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Filipi-
nas, vol. 3, p. 612; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla electrica Hipauao, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 254, 263, 268,
281, 294, 330, 331, 341, 350.
1898. Cochlostyla electrica MOLLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p.
147; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla electrica H1paueo, Obras malacologicas, pt. 1, pp. 552-553; in
part.
1914. Cochlostyla electrica MOLLENDORFF, KoBELt, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 339-340.
1932.- Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) electrica electrica Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
“Shell somewhat elongately ovate, more ventricose in the middle,
spire acuminate, whorls six in number, rather flatly convex, columella
slightly twisted; livid red, epidermis rather thin, exhibiting very
irregular obliquely waved pale streaks, aperture whitish, peritreme
reddish brown.
“Bulimus Mindoroensis, var. K, Broderip.
“Hab. Puerto Galero, Island of Mindoro, Philippines (on the leaves
of trees); Cuming.
484 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
“Tf any importance is to be attached to the character and pattern:
of the epidermis of these shells, there is certainly enough to distinguish
this from the B. Mindoroensis. The epidermis is of a soft, very slight.
texture, of a uniform reddish brown tint in which light streaks descend
here and there from the sutures in very zigzag course, somewhat as in
B. fulgetrum but fainter; and, beside this, the shell is of a more acumi-
nated growth, whilst the last whorl is larger and more effused.”’
This differs from the two races I have described by having the
columella livid red; in the other two it is white edged with purplish
brown.
Puerto Galera is in the northeastern part of the island. The other
two came from the southeast and southwest, respectively.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ELECTRICA MANGARINA Bartsch
Puate 109, Fieures 1, 2
1892. Cochlostyla electrica Prtspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 51, 53-54
(in part), pl. 15, fig. 3.
1901. Cochlostyla electrica HipaLGo, Obras malacologicas, p. 553; in part.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) electrica mangarina Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Aci., vol. 22, p. 340.
Shell ovate. The first nuclear whorl is flesh-color; the rest have the
posterior half brown. The postnuclear whorls are of bright chestnut-
brown ground color, covered with a thin pale-gray periostracum,
beneath which more or less continuous zigzag, retractively slanting,
axial, flesh-colored fulgurations pass over the whorls. ‘These are
strongest developed near the summit, where they appear almost as.
false teeth. There is a smooth peripheral zone of brown, apparently
devoid of periostracum. The aperture is bluish white and the expanded
peristome is edged with pale chocolate-brown, gradually fading toward
the interior of the shell. This zone of chestnut-brown also extends
over the edge of the inner lip and the edge of the parietal callus, thus
completely bounding the peritreme. Nuclear whorls 2.4, the first
two well rounded and smooth, the last half of the last turn showing the
beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are
rather well rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked by very
feeble lines of growth. The usual crisscross, microscopic, closely
spaced, incised lines that cut the lines of growth obliquely both pro-
tractively and retractively and numerous closely spaced dots and
wavy vermiculated lines of white are present both on the spire and
base. The periphery is feebly obsoletely angulated. Base somewhat
inflated, well rounded. The aperture is broadly oval; outer lip strongly
expanded and reflected; the inner lip also is expanded and very broadly
so at its insertion, and reflected over the umbilicus, which it leaves
as an open chink. The lip continues into a heavy parietal callus, which
renders the peritreme complete.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 485
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 382973) was collected by Quadras at Sitio
Brucaan, Mangarin, southwest Mindoro. It has 6.4 whorls and
measures: Length, 56.9 mm; greater diameter, 29.2 mm.
This species differs from typical C. electrica electrica in being more
globose and in having the axial fulgurations retractively slanting. It
differs from C. electric bulalacaoana in being more globose and in
having a much less heavy periostracum.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ELECTRICA BULALACAOANA Bartsch
PLATE 109, FicureE 3
1901. Cochlostyla electrica HipauGeo, Obras malacologicas, p. 553; in part.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) electrica bulalacaoana Bartscux, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
Shell elongate-ovate. The first postnuclear whorl white; the next
cone showing at the summit the beginning of a brown zone, which rapidly
spreads over the entire portion of the nuclear turns at their termination.
From there on the ground color of the shell is chestnut-brown. The
entire surface of the shell is overlain by a heavy yellowish-olive perios-
tracum except at the peripheral zone and certain spots near the sum-
mit of the shell where the brown substratum shines through. Through
this periostracum retractively slanting, moderately broad, zigzag,
axial fulgurations are visible. The interior of the aperture is bluish
white. The broadly expanded periostracum is reddish chocolate-
brown. This is also the color of the outer half of the inner lip and the
broad zone, marking the edge of the parietal callus. Nuclear whorls
2.8, well rounded, smooth except for the last half of the last whorl,
which shows the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. The post-
nuclear whorls are slightly rounded, appressed at the summit and
marked by feeble, closely spaced, flattened axial threads. The usual
crisscross, obliquely placed, microscopic incised lines, which cut the
lines of growth obliquely both protractively and retractively, are also
present. There are also indications of fine spiral lines. In addition
the surface is marked by fine, whitish, wavy vermiculations, which are
closely spaced. These are best shown on the early postnuclear whorls,
but become somewhat obscured in this race on the last turn. The base
is marked like the spire. The aperture is broadly oval; outer lip
broadly expanded and reflected; the inner lip is broadly expanded,
especially at its insertion, and reflected over the umbilicus, which it
leaves as a small chink. It extends over the parietal callus as a heavy
callus, rendering the peritreme complete.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 382974) was collected by Quadras at
Boca de Cora, Bulalacao, southeastern Mindoro. It has 6.4 whorls
and measures: Length, 61.2 mm; greater diameter, 30.6 mm.
The discussion of relationships with C. electrica mangarina will be
found under that subspecies.
486 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) PALLIOBASIS Bartsch
PuateE 110, Figure 3
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) palliobasis BArtscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 340. (June.)
1932. Helicostyla mcgintyi Smiru, Nautilus, vol. 46, p. 63, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2. (Oct.)
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis orotis CLENCH and ARCHER, Papers:
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 549, pl. 58, fig. 1.
Shell pupoid. The nuclear whorls are pale buff. The early post-
nuclear whorls are very pale brown, gradually deepening to light
chestnut-brown on the last turn. This coloration stops abruptly at
the periphery, and the base is buff shading gradually toward brown
on the last half of the last turn. In addition to this ground color,
the postnuclear whorls are fulgurated with rather broad hydrophanous
olivaceous-buff axial markings. The anterior portion of the shell sur-
rounding the umbilicus and the columella is blackish chestnut-brown.
The interior of the aperture is bluish white, deepening on the outer lip
and columella to decidedly bluish. Both the outer lip and the colu-
mella are edged with dark brown. The parietal wall is glazed with
a thin translucent callus. Nuclear whorls 2.9, forming a moderately
acute apex, well rounded, smooth, marked by retractively curved
lines of growth and the last one by fine spiral striations. The post-
nuclear whorls are slightly rounded, appressed at the summit, and
marked by retractively slanting lines of growth and fine, closely
spaced, microscopic spiral striations, which are present on both spire
and base. Aperture broadly oval; peristome broadly expanded and
refiected. The columella is also broadly expanded at its insertion
and reflected to form the narrow umbilicus.
This species is most conspicuously distinguished from all the others
by having the basal half pale buff as contrasted with the chestnut
coloration of the upper portion of the last whorl.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313653) collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Pinagabyan, Paluan, Mindoro, has 7.2 whorls and measures: Length,
61.7 mm; greater diameter, 27.7 mm; lesser diameter, 22.5 mm.
Four topotypes, also collected by Mr. de Mesa, entered as U.S.N.M.
no. 313656, yield the following data:
Greater di- Lesser di-
Number of whorls Length eeautar ainctar
Be ee eee none 5 127.45
0
a2 seers ee eee es 263.2 229.7
Ao eyes. hg pete lage TYE 353.2 3 25.2
1 Average. 2 Greatest. 3 Least.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE AS7
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) PETITI Bartsch
PuiaTe 109, Fiaure 4
1850. Bulimus cailliaudit Perit, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 1, p. 404, pl. 13, fig. 3.
1853. Bulimus cailliaudi PreirreR, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
p. 323.
1859. Bulimus cailliaudi Prenrrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 4,
p. 383.
1876. Bulimus cailliaudi Prrtrrer, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 269.
1877. Cochlostyla electrica SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2, vol.
3, p. 222; in part.
1895. Helicostyla electrica Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231; in part.
1896. Chrysallis electrica ExHRA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Filipi-
nas, vol. 3, p. 612; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla cailliaudi Htpaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 249, 250, 267,
268, 274, 281, 283, 293, 330, 335, 338, 351.
1898. Cochlostyla electrica MOLLENDORFY, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p.
147; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla electrica var. cailliaudi HipaLGo, Obras malacologicas, pt. 1, pp.
552-553 (in part), pl. 113, fig. 3.
1914. Cochlostyla electrica MOLLENDORFF, KOBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippiien, vol. 10, pp. 339-340; in part.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) pettiti BARTscH, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol.
22, p. 340.
1933. Helicostyla mindoroensis cailliaudi CLeNcH and ArcHER, Papers Michi-
gan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, pp. 545, 548-549.
The name Bulimus cailliaudi Petit, December 1850, was preoccu-
pied by Bulimus cailliaudi Pfeiffer, published in August 1850 in the
Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, page 86, and I have rechristened it
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) petiti. 1 believe with previous authors that.
it comes near Cochlostyla electrica and Cochlostyla lichenifer, but I
think that it is not specifically or even subspecifically related to either.
As I have not seen specimens, I copy Petit’s description and figure.
“Shell cblong oval, very light. Interior of the aperture white,
tinted with rose. Externally the shell is covered with a yellowish
periostracum which is denser on the last whorl. Aperture very broad.
The outer lip expanded and a little reflected, having the edge tawny
rose colored, approaching the color of the dregs of wine.
“This species, which in some respects resembles Bulimus sylvanus
and Bulimus dryas, has, nevertheless, characters of its own such as
the presence of an umbilicus. Its texture too is less solid, and also
differs in its number of whorls, its coloration and wider aperture.”
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROLLEI Mollendorff
Shell very large. The nuclear whorls are flesh-color; the post-
nuclear whorls are brown, variegated, streaked and spotted with
yellowish or greenish-yellow axial bands. The surface is covered with
488 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
a thin periostracum that allows the banding to show through. The
nuclear whorls are marked with transverse wrinkles on all but the first
portion of the first turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by
retractively slanting, threadlike, depressed, closely approximated lines
of growth, which extend from the summit to the umbilical chink. In
addition the whorls are marked by fine crisscross lines, cutting the
lines of growth obliquely, both protractively and retractively, but these
lines are very feebly expressed and scarcely perceptible, even under the
microscope. The base also usually presents fine, poorly developed,
closely spaced, incised, spiral lines. The aperture is large and broadly
oval. ‘The peristome is reflected and brown, both on the outer lip
and the columellar side. The parietal wall is covered by a brown
callus.
This species is represented by four races in our collection. The
typical one, coming from the Mount Halcon region, is conic in shape,
in which respect it resembles the small race whose habitat I am not
familiar with, while the other large race is more globose, with the
whorls more inflated and with stronger markings, and comes from the
Lake Naujan country.
All three of these are chestnut-brown in ground color. The fourth,
coming from Mayabig, Baco, Mindoro, is almost of black ground color
on the last whorl, and all the whorls are darker.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROLLEI
Ground color chestnut-brown.
Shell large.
Shell elongate-ovate; axial bands narrow____.__.------_------- rollei
Shell ovate;axial bands: broads s2- 22. age ge ee osborni
Shell*sinigiit tes. eek wees Me koe tee Mee ete eines rae Teen aa eee vexator
Ground color*ahnost black! oe GUw AG PIG re Baty tee COTS Seah aa nigra
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROLLEI ROLLEI Miilendorff
Puate 110, Ficure 6
1892. Cochlostyla mindoroensis Pinspry, Man. Conch., vol. 8, pp. 52-53, pl. 15,
figs. ‘1,2:
1898. Cochlostyla rollei M6LLENDoRFY, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p. 146.
1901. Cochlostyla rollei HipauGo, Obras malacologicas, pp. 546-547; in part.
1914. Cochlostyla rollei MéuLENDORFF, KosEuyt, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 338-339, pl. 76, figs. 1-3.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei rollei Barrscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 340.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) rollei CLuNcH and ARcHER, Papers Michigan Acad.
Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 552.
Shell large, ovate. The early whorls are soiled flesh-color, those
succeeding turning chestnut-brown and streaked with irregular areas
of pale greenish yellow, hydrophanous, more or less interrupted axial
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 489
bands, which vary in size and regularity. The aperture is bluish
within; the peristome is pale brown, which is also the color of the
parietal callus. The surface of the shell is covered by a very thin
periostracum, which allows the markings referred to before to shine
through. Nuclear whorls 3, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear
whorls are well rounded, very slightly narrowly shouldered at the
summit, and marked by retractively slanting, rounded, threadlike lines
of growth, which are closely approximated and of irregular strength.
The fine crisscross sculpture obliquely cutting the lines of growth is
very feebly expressed. This scupture also obtains on the base, where
fine, closely spaced, microscopic, feebly incised spiral lines are also
present. The periphery and base are inflated and well rounded.
The aperture is large, very broadly oval. The peristome of the outer
lip is thickened, expanded, and reflected. The peristome of the inner
lip is also thickened and expanded, particularly at its insertion, where
it continues over the parietal wall as a thick callus. The reflected
inner lip leaves a broad umbilical chink.
This race differs from Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei osborni in being
more conic and less definitely streaked. It differs from Cochlostyla
(Chrysallis) rollei vexator in being much larger, and from Cochlostyla
(Chrysallis) rollei nigra in being much lighter.
The specimen described and figured is one of nine (U.S.N.M. no.
255868) collected by Col. Edgar A. Mearns on Mount Halcon, Min-
doro. It has 6.2 whorls and measures: Length, 75.6 mm; greater
diameter, 42 mm; lesser diameter, 34.2 mm. The other eight speci-
mens yield the following measurements:
Greater Lesser
Length diameter | diameter
Number of whorls
AID DI Ww hor
NTO © ON wh
AOOPr OOD Ww
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROLLEI OSBORNI Bartsch
PuaTE 110, FraurEe 7
1901. Cochlostyla rollei Hrpauco, Obras malacologicas, pp. 546-547 (in part),
pl: 12%, figs iy 2°
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei osborni Barrscn, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, pp. 340-341.
490 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Shell large, ovate. The early whorls soiled flesh-color, the succeed-
ing turns brown marked by rather broad, oblique, soiled yellow,
more or less interrupted, and sometimes fulgurated axial bands. The
aperture is pearly within, the peristome of the outer and inner lips
and parietal callus being brown. The nuclear whorls are well rounded
and marked by transverse closely spaced wrinkles, which really
represent the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. The post-
nuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded and very narrowly
shouldered at the summit. They are marked by closely spaced, low,
rather irregular, retractively slanting, threadlike riblets, which are
about as wide as the spaces that separate them and which extend
from the summit to the umbilical chink. In addition the surface of
the shell is marked by fine crisscross sculpture, which passes obliquely
over the axial threads. The incised spiral lines on the base are
scarcely perceptible. The periphery is marked by an obsolete angle.
The aperture is very broadly ovate. The outer lip moderately
expanded and reflected. The inner lip is broadly reflected at its
insertion; the parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 300823) was collected by Dr. Osborn at
Lake Naujan, Mindoro. It has 6.1 whorls and measures: Length,
70.3 mm; greater diameter, 42.2 mm. :
Two additional specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313550), also from the
Lake Naujan region, were collected by the Worcester and Bourns
expedition; they have 6 whorls each and measure: Length, 71.5 and
71.3 mm; greater diameter, 40.2 and 44 mm, respectively.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROLLEI VEXATOR Bartsch
Puate 110, Ficure 1
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollet verator Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell small, ovate. The nuclear whorls are flesh-color; the early
postnuclear whorls also flesh-color with a narrow zone of brown at
the summit. The antepenultimate whorl is pale brown, shading
rapidly to chestnut-brown on the last turn. The interior of the
aperture is pearly gray with the peristome bright chestnut-brown,
which is also the color of the parietal callus. The early whorls have
slight indication of axial lighter zones, particularly at the summit,
where they appear as slender false teeth. The later whorls, particularly
the last one, are crossed by strongly marked, oblique, pale greenish-
yellow, axial bands, which vary considerably in width and regularity
of outline. Nuclear whorls 2.3, well rounded, the last portion showing
the beginning of the postnuclear threadlike sculpture. The post-
nuclear whorls are only moderately rounded, slightly shouldered at
the summit, and crossed by numerous rather irregular, retractively
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 491
slanting, threadlike riblets, which give to the surface of the shell a
rather rough and somewhat shaggy appearance. There are also
indications of poorly expressed, fine, spiral striations, which are best
shown on the base. The fine zigzag sculpture is exceedingly minute.
Aperture oval; outer lip moderately expanded and reflected; the inner
lip partly expanded at its insertion where it flows into the parietal
callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 104348) was received from the Lea collec-
tion and is labeled Helix mindoroensis, without specific locality label.
It has 6.2 whorls and measures: Length, 57.7 mm; greater diameter,
30.8 mm.
This is an exceedingly small race undoubtedly belonging to the
rollei complex.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROLLEI NIGRA Bartsch
PiatE 110, Freure 2
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollet niger Barrscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell huge, ovate. The early nuclear whorls are flesh-color, the
succeeding ones pale chestnut-brown, which is also the color of the
first two postnuclear whorls, the last one being very dark, almost
blackish, brown. The postnuclear whorls are covered by a rather
strong periostracum, which is marked by hydrophanous bands of
varying widths and shape, the pattern of the basal portion being
frequently quite different from that of the spire. The hydrophanous
markings are olivaceous-buff. The interior of the aperture is pale
blue; the peristome is very dark chocolate-brown, which is also the
color of the outer edge of the columella, the inner portion of the ~-
columella gradually changing through smoky gray to bluish white
at its inner edge. Nuclear whorls 3, the first almost flattened,
moderately rounded, the succeeding turns moderately rounded and
marked by incremental lines, which gradually increase in strength.
The last whorl also shows incised spiral lines. The postnuclear
whorls are somewhat inflated, well rounded, appressed at the summit,
and marked by retractively curved, threadlike, incremental lines and
numerous rather strong incised spiral striations and the usual criss-
cross sculpture, which here also is somewhat intensified and present
on both spire and base. The suture is moderately impressed. The
periphery is obsoletely angulated. The base is inflated, strongly
rounded, and rather openly umbilicated. The aperture is broadly
oval; the outer lip is expanded and reflected. The inner lip also is
broadly expanded and reflected, half covering the umbilicus. The
parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus.
492 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
This race differs from the other three races in being much darker
and in having the spiral sculpture decidedly more pronounced.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 318721) was collected by Pedro de Mesa
at Mayabig, Baco, Mindoro. It has 6 whorls and measures: Length,
70.1 mm; greater diameter, 42.3 mm; lesser diameter, 33.8 mm.
The following specimens yield additional data:
Number of Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. whorls Length diameter diameter
CONN EPNNOHOWNOPROMONOMWOUPREWONOPORF OO
—_
te
Average
Greatest
DNANTOO | NOWONPODORFORNNRP ODODE NWONNOON HP ONO
6. 0
5. 6
5. 6
5. 0
5. 7
5. 3
5. 5
5. 6
5. 8
5. 7
5. 5
5. 2
5.3
5. 6
5. 1
5. 5
5. 2
5. 1
5. 2
5. 4
5. 6
5. 2
5. 3
5. 4
5.7
5. 5
5. 5
5. 4
5. 6
5. 4
6. 0
5. 0
SEIS | NOOR ORONO PENNOOROIORONNNOOC PWR rH
Ore
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ALBOLABRIS Bartsch
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) albolabris Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.
vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell of medium size. The nuclear whorls are flesh-color; the early
postnuclear whorls have a narrow zone of brown at the summit. The
later ones are of chestnut-brown ground color, marked by variously
slanting axial zones and fulgurations of yellowish buff, which extend
to the umbilical region in the last whorl. Interior of the aperture
bluish white, with the peristome white, bearing, however, at the very
edge a brownish zone. The early nuclear whorls are smooth; the
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 493
later ones marked by growth lines. The postnuclear whorls are some-
what inflated, rather strongly rounded, narrowly shouldered at the
summit, and marked by retractively slanting lines of growth, which are
rather irregular and irregularly spaced. They are not quite threadlike.
The usual fine zigzag sculpture cuts these lines obliquely, both pro-
tractively and retractively, on both spire and base. The aperture is
rather large, oval. The outer lip is reflected and expanded; inner lip
also expanded, particularly at its insertion, where it is reflected over
the umbilicus leaving only a narrow open chink. The parietal wall is
covered with a moderately strong callus.
This species is most nearly related to Cochlostyla rollei, from which it
differs in having the peristome white and the aperture larger and in
being much smaller.
There are apparently two races before me, one specimen of which
was collected by Cuming and the other by Lieutenant Febiger. Neither
one bears locality data.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ALBOLABRIS
DHE MMOVAC ee Aes Se ee fo Re ee aes ke Soe Uae ee ee robusta
SHeICLON eR ale-OVAUCS Sa ee a ea ee oe ee ee ae eee albolabris
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ALBOLABRIS ROBUSTA Bartsch
Puate 111, Figure 5
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) albolabris robusta Barrscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell moderately large, ovate, rather stout. Only the last two nu-
clear whorls remain, the first one being lost. The first postnuclear
whorl is buff with a narrow zone of brown; the succeeding postnuclear
whorls are chestnut-brown, variegated with zones and fulgurations of
yellowish buff, which are, however, very poorly developed in this race,
showing best on the posterior half of the turns, the base being more or
less uniform brown. Aperture bluish white within. This coloration
also extends over the expanded peristome, but there is a very narrow
zone of brown bordering the outer lip and the columella. The post-
nuclear whorls are marked by rather strong, retractively slanting,
almost threadlike incremental lines, which give to the surface of the
shell a roughish appearance. These lines extend to the umbilical
chink in the last turn. They are crossed by the fine microscopic zig-
zag sculpture, on both spire and base. There are also indications of
feebly expressed fine spiral incised lines. The aperture very broadly
oval; the outer lip strongly expanded and reflected; the inner lip also
expanded—decidedly so at its insertion—where it is reflected over the
umbilicus, of which it leaves only a chink. The parietal wall is covered
by a rather heavy glaze.
494 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 104347) has lost its first whorl. The 5.1
remaining measure: Length, 63.5 mm; greater diameter, 37.9 mm.
The specimen was collected by Lieutenant Febiger. It has no
specific locality data with it.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ALBOLABRIS ALBOLABRIS Bartsch
PuaTE 111, Freure 6
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) albolabris albolabris Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell elongate-ovate. The nuclear whorls white; the early post-
nuclear whorls buff with a narrow brown band at the summit; the rest
of the postnuclear whorls chestnut-brown marked by bands of yellow-
ish buff, which vary decidedly in slant. On some parts of the whorls
they are protractively and on other parts retractively slanting. They
are also of irregular width and spacing and extend on the last turn from
the summit to the umbilicus. Interior of aperture white with a bluish
tinge. This color extends over the expanded peristome to the very
edge, which is brownish. The shell is covered by a very thin perios-
tracum. Nuclear whorls 3, the first well rounded, smooth; the next.
showing the beginning of lines of growth, which become intensified on
the last nuclear whorl where they practically merge into the post-
nuclear sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are marked by irregular
lines of growth, which scarcely merit the term of threads. These are
of irregular strength and spacing. They are also marked by micro-
scopic crisscross sculpture, which cuts these lines of growth obliquely,
both protractively and retractively, both on spire and base. The
aperture is moderately large. The outer lip is expanded and reflected ;
the inner lip also expanded, broadly so at its insertion where it is
reflected and leaves only a chink of the umbilicus. The parietal wall
is covered by a thin callus, which permits the color pattern of the parie-
tal wall to shine through, which protects the color pattern of the
parietal wall with a translucent glaze.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 104346) has 6.1 whorls and measures:
Length, 61 mm; greater diameter, 32.7 mm.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ANTONI Semper
Shell ovate to elongate-ovate, varying in the known races from ovate
to elongate-ovate. The nuclear turns and the early postnuclear whorls
are flesh-color; the later turns are straw-color with hydrophanous
bands of a little paler or darker shade. The entire surface of the shell
is covered by a thin greenish-yellow periostracum. The aperture is
white within and also white on the reflected peristome. The nuclear
whorls are well rounded. The postnuclear whorls are marked by re-
tractively slanting lines of growth, which are irregular in strength and
spacing. There are also fine, somewhat crinkly, feebly incised, spiral
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 495
lines present on spire and base, and the entire surface is marked by the
fine crisscross incised lines that cross the lines of growth obliquely.
The aperture is rather large, broadly ovate, almost subcircular, with
the peristome very broadly expanded and reflected. The peristome
of the inner lip is very broadly expanded and reflected over the umbili-
cus, which it leaves as a narrow chink. ‘The parietal wall is covered by
a moderately thick callus.
I am recognizing two subspecies: One from the northern end of the
island and the other from the southwestern part. The following key
will readily help to distinguish them:
KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ANTONI
Shiellstoutesee tetas sears ee eee cena ih er ae ere ON ee Ee tees antoni
Shellislencd Gress eke ep Se rere pe lee eB ate macilenta.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ANTONI ANTONI Semper
Puate 111, Figure 1
1877. Cochlostyla antoni Semper, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 3, pt. 2,
p. 223.
1891. Cochlostyla antoni Hipaueo, Obras malacologicas, pp. 547-548, pl. 105, fig.1.
1892. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis antoni Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8,
p. 52.
1895. Helicostyla chrysalidiformis antoni Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9,
p. 231.
1896. Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis antoni ELERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la
fauna de Filipinas, vol. 3, p. 611.
1897. Cochlostyla antonii Hrpaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 263, 281.
1898. Cochlosiyla antoni M6uLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22, p. 147.
1914. Cochlostyla antoni M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vo]. 10, pp. 340-341, pl. 75, figs. 7, 8.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysailis) antoni antoni Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell broadly ovate. The early whorls are white, gradually grading
into the pale yellow of the last turn, which on the base assumes prac-
tically a lemon shade. The postnuclear whorls are also crossed by
rather distantly spaced, hydrophanous, retractively slanting zones,
which become less conspicuous when the periostracum is worn away.
The interior of the aperture is white, which is also the color of the
broadly reflected peristome. Nuclear whorls 2.8, well rounded,
smooth, except the last turn and a half, which show fine incremental
lines. The postnuclear whorls are appressed at the summit, moderate-
ly rounded, marked by rather irregularly developed and spaced, retrac-
tively slanting, incremental lines and fine feebly incised spiral lines,
which are present on both spire and base. In addition there are pres-
ent microscopic, crisscross, incised spiral lines, which cross the lines of
growth obliquely. The periphery is well rounded, the base somewhat
inflated. Aperture large, very broadly oval; the peristome broadly
496 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
expanded and reflected ; that of the inner lip very broad at the insertion
of the columella and reflected over the umbilicus, which appears only
as a chink. A moderately thick callus connects the columella with
the outer lip on the parietal wall.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 315638) is one
of two from the Evezard collection and is without specific locality
data. It has 7 whorls and measures: Length, 68.5 mm; greater diam-
eter, 36.1 mm. The other specimen has 6.9 whorls and measures:
Length, 64 mm; greater diameter, 35.7 mm.
This race can readily be distinguished from the next by its much
more ovate outline and more inflated whorls.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ANTONI MACILENTA Bartsch
PuatTEe 111, Fiagure 2
1914. Cochlostyla antoni MOLLENDORFF, KoBeut, and WinTER, Semper’s Reisen
im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pl. 75, fig. 8.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) antont macilenta Barrscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell very elongate-ovate, thin. The early whorls are flesh-color
gradually changing to pale lemon-yellow, marked by feeble, retrac-
tively slanting, axial, hydrophanous bands, which sometimes assume
the form of fulgurations, and by very fine vermiculations, which are
more or less axially disposed, a character in which this race resembles
the races of Cochlostyla electrica. A very thin periostracum covers
the entire surface of the shell. Nuclear whorls 3; the first is well
rounded; from the second on, slender axial lines of growth become
apparent. The postnuclear whorls are very slightly rounded, ap-
pressed at the summit, and marked by feeble, retractively slanting,
somewhat wavy, lines of growth, which vary considerably in strength
and spacing. There are also feeble, irregularly disposed, incised,
spiral lines present, as well as the microscopic crisscross lines passing
obliquely over the lines of growth. All these elements are present
on spire and base. Periphery well rounded. The base is well
rounded. Aperture broadly oval; peristome broadly expanded and
reflected; the inner lip also broadly expanded, very much so at its
insertion, where the reflected portion almost covers the umbilicus,
leaving only a chink. The parietal wall is covered by a thick white
callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313551) was collected by Quadras at Sitio
Brucaan, Mangarin, Mindoro. It has 6.9 whorls and measures:
Length, 63 mm; greater diameter, 32.4 mm.
This subspecies can readily be distinguished from Cochlostyla antoni
antoni by its much slenderer form and also by the presence of ver-
miculations alluded to, which may some day cause it to be considered
a distinct species.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 497
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROSEOLABRA Bartsch
Shell varying from elongate-conic to broadly ovate. The color
varies from yellowish buff to pale wood brown; the early whorls are
always lighter than the later ones. The interior of the aperture may
be bluish white or bluish white with a purplish tinge, and the peri-
stome may be pale rose-color or bright rose-color, varying with the
subspecies in question. The shell is covered with a thin periostracum,
which bears hydrophanous lines. These are most conspicuous near
the summit of the whorls, which they render falsely toothed. Nuclear
whorls almost 3, forming a blunt apex, marked by retractively curved
axial lines of growth, which are strongest on the last turn. Here
they assume almost the strength of those of the postnuclear whorls.
The postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded, appressed at
the summit, marked in one of the races by rather strong, retractively
curved, incremental lines. In fact in this race they almost resemble
threads, while in the other this sculpture is decidedly reduced in
strength and the shell is almost smooth. The periphery of the last
whorl is feebly angulated. The base is rather inflated and strongly
rounded. The periphery is broadly oval; the peristome is expanded
and reflected. The inner lip also is reflected, the reflection forming a
narrow umbilicus.
The species, as far as known at present, is confined to northwestern
Mindoro. I am recognizing two subspecies, but there is an indication
of still another one.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROSEOLABRA
General color of shell, yellowish.buff_.....:.2..-.L 0 LLL LL ce roseolabra
Generalieplorsof shellowood brawms..-42u = o. B22 2) boa en 2 ee gente rosea
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROSEOLABRA ROSEOLABRA Bartsch
PuaTE 111, Figure 4
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) roseolabra roseolabra BartscH, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 341. (June.)
1932. Helicostyla chrysalidiformis calawaganensis Smitu, Nautilus, vol. 46, p. 64,
pl. 4, figs. 4, 6. (October.)
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis flavipellis CLENCH and ARCHER,
Papers Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 548, pl. 18, fig. 5.
The shell is ovate. The early whorls are pale buff, the later ones
buff with a yellowish tinge, marked by varicial streaks of pale brown,
which are of irregular width and spacing. The postnuclear whorls are
moderately curved with a thin olivaceous-yellow periostracum, which
shows hydrophanous, retractively slanting, axial bands that give to
the summit of the turns a smooth falsely toothed appearance. The
interior of the aperture is bluish white, pearly. The broadly expanded
peristome is pale rose-color. Nuclear whorls almost 3, forming a
moderately acute apex. The first two are marked by fine incremental
1185—38——9
498 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
lines, the last one by stronger lines of growth. In fact, on this whorl
the sculpture is as strong as that of the postnuclear turns. The post-
nuclear whorls are appressed at the summit, moderately strongly
rounded, and marked by retractively slanting, incremental lines,
which almost assume the strength of threads. They are rather irreg-
ular in strength and spacing. In addition there are rather coarse,
incised spiral lines and the usual fine crisscross sculpture, which is
extremely reduced in this race but is present on both spire and base.
The periphery is feebly angulated, and the base is inflated and strongly
rounded. The aperture is broadly oval. The peristome is decidedly
expanded and reflected, the inner lip being reflected to form a moder-
ately large umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a thin trans-
lucent callus.
This subspecies is distinguished from Cochlostyla (Chrysalis)
roseolabra rosea by having the color of the lip and the general colora-
tion much paler, as well as by the presence of incised spiral lines.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313677), collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Calawagan, Paluan, Mindoro, has 5.9 whorls and measures: Length,
60 mm; greater diameter, 31.5 mm; lesser diameter, 27.9 mm.
Six topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313678) and 18 additional specimens
yield the following measurements:
Number of Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. whorls diameter diameter
KH WIWONRPROOUNWANPOORWOONNH OF
SIAWNCHORPNONDRONWORrROOD
on
Average
Greatest
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
6.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
o.
5.
5.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
}.
6.
5.
WW! CODOUWNRORDNWOONWRNIDOMNORHO
Oru
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 499
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ROSEOLABRA ROSEA Bartsch
PuatTe 111, Fiaure 3
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) roseolabra rosea Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell of medium size, ovate. The first two nuclear whorls are
flesh-color, the last one pale wood brown. The postnuclear whorls
are pale wood brown covered with a thin translucent pale-brown
periostracum, which is marked by buff, hydrophanous, retractively
slanting, axial bands and fulgurations that extend to the umbilical
area of the base. These bands vary in width and spacing in different
individuals. In some they are almost confluent. The aperture is
bluish white with a purplish tinge within. The outer lip is bright
rose-red, becoming more intense toward the outer edge. The same
holds true of the columella. Nuclear whorls almost 3; the first is
marked by lines of growth only, which become intensified until they
almost form threads on the last portion of the last nuclear whorl. The
nuclear spire is moderately acute. The postnuclear whorls are mod-
erately rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked by retractively
slanting, almost threadlike, axial lines of growth and feebly expressed
spiral striations and by fine crisscross sculpture, which cuts the lines
of growth obliquely. All these elements are present on both spire
and base. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery obtusely angu-
lated; aperture ovate. The outer lip is expanded and reflected; the
inner lip also expanded, particularly at its insertion, and reflected to
form the narrow umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a mod-
erately thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313680), collected by Pedro de Mesa in
the interior of Abra de Ilog, northwest Mindoro, has 6.3 whorls and
measures: Length, 49.3 mm; greater diameter, 26.4 mm; lesser
diameter, 22.6 mm.
Five topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313681) yield the following addi-
tional measurements:
Greater Lesser
Number of whorls diameter diameter
1 26. 76
2.29. 0
824.8
1 Average. 2 Greatest. 3 Least.
500 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
I also have before me four specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313655) col-
lected by Pedro de Mesa at Calawagan, Paluan, Mindoro. These are
in every way darker than the others but may belong here. More
material, however, will decide the fate of this element.
The shells that have been listed under the name Cochlostyla min-
doroensis (Broderip) belong to two phylogenetic stocks as evidenced by
the color of their nuclear whorls, which are embryonic features. In
one group we have a soiled-white tip; in the other, a purplish-brown tip.
Before adequate material was at hand I believed that we might be
dealing with a hybrid mutating complex, resulting in the many forms
that the island presents, but the constancy of the color of the nucleus,
combined with equally constant sculptural characters and general
color pattern in the material gathered from certain areas, convinces
me that this is not the case. For any other groups, such as Cerion,
where I have found hybridization to be the source of mutation where
different colored embryonic whorls were present, the progeny showed
those characters, that is, white or buff tipped in the offspring, without
any relation to the rest of the shell characters; in other words, a light
tip, let us say, a character of Species A, would appear on a shell having
all the rest of the characters of the other pattern Species B, which has
a buff tip, the color of the nucleus only indicating the relationship to
Species A.
No such mix-ups are present here, and if the many forms of the
variegated Cochlostylas of Mindoro are the product of hybridization,
then this must have taken place so long ago that complete segregation
and fixation have taken place.
We have a similar situation presented in Amphidromus in southern
Palawan and the adjacent small islands of that region, where Amphi-
dromus quadrasi and its races always have a white tip in their colony
regardless of the other color features, and Amphidromus versicolor in
all its races has a dark apex. Among thousands of specimens examined
of these two species I have been unable to detect an exception. Each
colony usually occupies a distinct island or, in the case of the large
island Palawan, a distinct portion of it, and all its members definitely
align themselves with one or the other species.
It is my firm belief that the Mindoro Cochlostylas present a similar
state of affairs and that in the past naturalists lumped shells of a
general resemblance in the catch-all Cochlostyla mindoroensis because
they had insufficient material without definite locality labels as typified
by the old collections in the National Museum. An examination of a
large series of specimens from a given locality will show that they
definitely belong to the light- or dark-tipped forms. A separation on
this basis makes it easily possible to trace these over the island where
each group breaks up into zoogeographic races.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 501
I shall therefore consider that the nuclei proclaim two phylogenetic
groups, which J shall call species and under which I shall recognize
the known races, as subspecies. How constant these races are may
be inferred from plate 115 representing Cochlostyla caniceps caniceps,
in which I show a series of specimens taken at random from a collection
made at Lake Naujan, to illustrate the constancy of character.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA (Grateloup)
It is unfortunate that this species cannot carry the name Cochlostyla
mindoroensis under which the various races belonging to it are reposing
in the existing collections. Grateloup evidently received from Cuming
some specimens labeled Bulimus mindoroensis (Broderip) but he did
not approve of this name and gave the species the name Bulimus
aspersa, defining it, in the Actes de la Société Linnéenne, volume 11,
page 164, in 1840, in a very few words and mentioning Manila as its
habitat. A little later, in the same year and publication, pages
421-422, he redefines it and figures it on plate 4 as figure 3, in an
unmistakable manner. He also here places as variety A his Bulimus
wagneri, which in the previous paper he had believed to have come from
Peru. Broderip’s Bulinus mindoroensis, not being published until the
following year, must necessarily, for priority reason, give way to
Grateloup’s older name.
In recognizing a number of zoogeographic races in the island of
Mindoro of Cochlostyla aspersa, I am going to retain the name mindo-
roensis for one of the races, the one coming from the region of Puerto
Galera, which agrees best with Reeve’s figure, published on plate 4,
figure 15, in the Conchologia Iconica. Reeve, being the first one to
figure a representative under this name, may be considered as fixing
it to the form in question, since Broderip has given us the wide range
of varieties a-k in the definition of his species.
I am also retaining Grateloup’s name wagnerz for a somewhat smaller
and more elongate race from the region of Lake Naujan, probably
from one of the hills on the east coast of the lake. Most of the speci-
mens that I am referring to Cochlostyla mindoroensis wagner in our
collection are labeled merely, if labeled at all, Lake Naujan. The
largest series was obtained by the Menage Expedition of Worcester
and Bourns. I am led to retain wagneri because a large series of
specimens collected by Mr. de Mesa at Ariod, some little distance
northwest of Lake Naujan, are larger and represent typical Cochlostyla
aspersa. Some of the Worcester and Bourns collections labeled
Naujan belong to this larger, more globose, and chubby race, although
they are also labeled Lake Naujan. This makes me believe that
they represent a different habitat from that occupied by Cochlostyla
aspersa wagnert.
502 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Mr. de Mesa has transmitted to us also a splendid series of speci-
mens from Mount Sapol, which are referable to Cochlostyla aspersa
melanogaster (Mérch), and has sent also a fine lot of a huge subspecies
that I am calling Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa lunar, collected at
Calamintao, on the west slope of Mount Halcon. This in some
respects suggests Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei but has always a dark
tip and ranges with this species rather than with rollet.
Another race discovered by Pedro de Mesa I am calling Cochlostyla
(Chrysallis) aspersa juani, which is the smallest of the races so far
discovered and comes from Camorong, Municipality of Abra de Ilog,
Mindoro.
In addition to these older forms, whose names J am salvaging, there
are several additional recognizable races that are elongate-ovate in
form with the base more protracted than in the other races. One of
these was gathered by Colonel Mearns on the slopes of Mount
Halcon. J have named this Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa edgart.
Another, collected by Mr. de Mesa at Abra de Ilog, I have named
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa ilogana, and a third, also collected
by Mr. de Mesa on Mount Calavite, I cail Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
aspersa calavitana. Still another I am calling Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
aspersa binuangana, from Binuangan, Muncipality of Paluan, north-
west Mindoro.
The species may be defined as follows:
Shell varying in form from ovate to elongate-ovate. The base may
be short and well rounded or protracted and less rounded. The
nuclear whorls are always dark. There is usually between the nucleus
and the last whorl a lighter turn or more, the last whorl being again
darker than the preceding whorls. The shells are covered with a
moderately thick periostracum, which may be mottled, streaked,
fulgurated, spotted, and blotched with various shades of buff, yellow,
oreven orange. The base in some of the races is darker than the space
between the summit and the periphery of the last whorl. The aper-
ture varies from white to bluish white within, while the peristome
ranges from pale chocolate to almost black with an azurite iridescence.
The inner margin of the columella is usually white at its insertion,
though in some instances this almost disappears. The nuclear whorls
vary slightly in number, but they are never greatly removed from
three turns. The first nuclear whorl is smooth, while the last shows
the postnuclear sculpture, the intermediate elements being a grada-
tion. The postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded, appressed at
the summit, and almost smooth, being marked with somewhat irregu-
lar incremental lines and, in some of the races, indications of spiral
striations. In addition the fine crisscross sculpture characteristic of
most Cochlostylas, crossing the lines of growth obliquely, both pro-
tractively and retractively, is present here. The aperture varies from
COGHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 503
broadly ovate to elongate-ovate. The peristome is broadly expanded
and reflected and very wide at the insertion of the columella, where it
is reflected over the umbilicus that it almost covers. The species
apparently ranges all over the island and breaks up into the zoogeo-
graphic races discussed above.
The following key will help to differentiate the races:
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA
Base of last whorl not protracted.
Shell ovate.
Shell large.
ip pes Ine kes Doe oe a aa ae heen Sree lunai
Lip not almost black.
Lip with a decidedly bluish tinge____----._----------- aspersa
Shell smalls Cocina.) Senpeoiius steamer. ty avis seh juani
Shell not ovate.
Shell elongate-ovate.
Color of base conspicuously darker than the rest of the
last whorl.
Shel/pibboses vere sV Ss ea a mindoroensis
Shell not gibbose.
Shelli slender: 2s. BA U0 be TN ee pet melanogaster
Color of base not conspicuously darker than the rest
OPiGHE ASE ayy ln OTe eee she pe Nd ce a ee ee ee wagneri
Base of last whorl protracted.
Shell elongate-ovate.
Ground color of last whorl chocolate-brown_.__-_..------------ edgari
Ground color of last whorl blackish brown__.------------ binuangana
Shell not elongate-ovate.
pel larreyn ss. eet ee Se So ae Sek ilogana
St TS) USFS a NR RENE a SSA Sh wo Sea er a ee IE” “aS calavitana
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA LUNAI Bartsch
Puiats 112, Figure 7
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa lunat Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis CLENCH and ARCHER, Papers Michigan
Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 544; in part.
Shell large. The nuclear whorls are brown; all but the last post-
nuclear whorl bright chestnut-brown; the last whorl almost blackish
brown. ‘The interior of the aperture bluish white, the expanded peri-
stome and columella blackish brown. The postnuclear whorls are
covered with a thin periostracum, showing retractively slanting
hydrophanous bands, which are of varying shapes, sometimes regular
zones, sometimes fulgurations, even in the same individual. These
bands extend from the summit of the whorl to the umbilical chink.
Nuclear whorls 3, the first well rounded and marked by lines of growth
only, the succeeding turns marked by almost threadlike incremental
504 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
lines. These also show the hydrophanous marks referred to under the
postnuclear sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are appressed at
the summit, moderately well rounded, and marked by threadlike lines
of growth, which vary much in strength and spacing, and also by
numerous, closely spaced, fine, incised spiral lines and the usual criss-
cross sculpture, which is present on both spire and base. The suture
is moderately impressed. The periphery is obsoletely angulated.
The base is comparatively short, inflated, and well rounded. The
aperture is broadly oval. The outer lip is strongly expanded and
reflected. The columella is also broadly expanded and reflected,
forming a narrow umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a rather
thick callus.
This subspecies is the largest of the Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa
group. In size it suggests Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei, from which
it can at once be distinguished by its dark apex.
The type locality is on the west side of Mindoro.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313702), collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Calamintao, Mamburao, Mindoro, has 5.5 whorls and measures:
Length, 64.4 mm; greater diameter, 34.4 mm; lesser diameter, 31.6mm.
Fourteen topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313649) from the same source
yield the following measurements:
Greater Lesser
Number of whorls diameter diameter
.5
.2
pL
. 2
aS
4
. 2
4
.5
6
. 6
nd
. 2
eu
3
4
4
OCOWW!] ONWORWRORNTWOOM
1 Average. Greatest. 3 Least.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA ASPERSA (Grateloup)
Puate 112, Ficurss 1, 3
1840. Bulimus aspersa GRATELOUP, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. 11, p. 164.
1840. Bulimus aspersus GRATELOUP, Mémoire sur plusieurs espéces de coquilles
nouvelle ou peu connues de mollusques . . . , pp. 35-36, pl. 4, fig. 3.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 505
1841. Bulinus mindoroensis BropERIP, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, pp. 84-86;
in part.
1842. Bulimus mindoroensis REEVE, Conchologia systematica .. . , vol. 2, p. 81,
pl. 173, fig. 5.
1842. Bulimus aspersus PFEIFFER, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 48.
1848. Bulimus mindoroensis PrnirrER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
2, pp. 76-77; in part.
1851. Bulimus mindoroensis DEsHAYES, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle...
mollusques . .. , vol. 2, pp. 15-16 (in part), pl. 149, figs. 1, 2.
1855. Bulimus mindoroensis PrEIrrER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,
ed. 2, vol. 1, Abt. 13, Theil 1, pp. 202—203; in part.
1856. Bulimus aspersus PrrirFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 150.
1859. Bulimus mindoroensis PrEIrFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
4, pp. 387-388; in part.
1860. Chrysallis adspersa Martens, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 179.
1876. Bulimus aspersus PreirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 7,
p. 49.
1877. Cochlostyla aspersa SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt. 2, vol.
3, p. 222.
1892. Cochlostyla mindoroensis PrusBry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 52-53
(in part), pl. 14, fig. 69.
1895. Helicostyla mindoroensis Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231; in
part.
1896. Chrysallis mindoroensis ELERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda Ja fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, pp. 611-612; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla aspersa HipaueGo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 247, 248, 263.
1901. Cochlostyla mindoroensis HipaLGo, Obras malacologicas, pp. 548-550 (in
part), pl. 97, fig. 3.
1914. Cochlostyla mindoroensis MOLLENDORFF, KoBeut, and WINTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 336-338; in part.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa aspersa BaRtscH, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 341.
Shell ovate. The nuclear whorls are dark chocolate-brown; the
first postnuclear turn is buff; the rest are chocolate-brown, becoming
darkest on the last part of the last turn. The postnuclear turns are
covered with a moderately thick periostracum, which is blotched or
streaked with buff or orange-buff, the base being darker than the
posterior portion of the last whorl. The base is rather short, some-
what inflated, and strongly rounded. Aperture broadly oval. The
peristome is expanded and reflected, particularly at the insertion of
the columella, where it is reflected over the umbilicus, which it more
than half covers. The parietal wall is covered by a rather thick
callus.
This race differs from Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa mindoroensis
in being more ovate, more inflated and chubby. It differs from
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa lunai in being in every way smaller.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313740a) is
one collected by the Menage Expedition, as stated before, probably
on the western shore of Lake Naujan. It seems to satisfy most
closely the figure given of this species by Grateloup (see pl. 112,
506 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
fig. 3, which is a copy of it). This shell has 5.5 whorls and measures:
Length, 57.8 mm; greater diameter, 31.8 mm; lesser diameter,
26.7 mm.
A series of 40 specimens, collected by Mr. de Mesa at Ariod,
Naujan, Mindoro, furnishes the following data:
m
U.S.N.M. no. NVhors” | Length disistae sik fdieeneor
Mm Mn Mm
SlsTOsee eee ae 5.8 61.0 33. 5 Das
Soot cee eee 5.0 60. 3 31. 4 26. 8
SIS TOS LA Sees Be 6.0 54. 2 32. 1 28. 0
SIS (OSES ae Seen 6. 1 56. 1 32. 2 26. 6
S13 A0S eo he ee 5.9 66. 3 35. 4 29. 8
SOS re eee See eee 5. 2 59. 8 jou 27.0
BUSA e eee ee as 5. 4 54. 0 31. 6 26. 9
SISO Se een ee 5.8 65. 4 35. 9 29. 3
SIS TOS were tLe aah che 5.7 61.0 33. 8 28. 1
SISOS sens Se ee 5. 5 60. 5 San 28. 0
SITS ease eee 5. 4 58. 2 Sonne 29. 6
SISTOS MEE Se eee ee 5. 6 59. 3 oo. 2 28. 1
SUSU Ss2 eee oe Oe ee ont 60. 3 32. 2 Dia
SIs(03s lie: See oe 5.4 57. 8 33. 5 28. 6
SL STOSS Bee ere et 5. 4 58. 0 33.7 29. 5
SSO Sse ee ee 5. 6 56. 4 31.8 27.6
StotUsees eee ee ares 61. 4 35. 3 30. 1
SLSTOSL a Se, See 5S 60. 6 32. 7 27.0
SlokOseen are eh tae 6. 0 60. 5 35. 0 29. 8
SIShOS ea eee 6. 0 67. 9 37. 8 31. 2
S808 es wee eee 5. 6 56. 3 33. 8 28. 0
SI S65 802 sine See Lee Doone 67. 3 S202 27. 4
S1IZ65S2 4 Daa Re 5.0 57.8 28. 9 25. 2
SIZE5StL BEL eed 5.1 55. 9 30. 2 26: 5
S136585- Ses. Soe a Lk Dae 64. 8 32.9 28. 4
S13G)8h2 225 see5e eae a ae 64. 8 32. 8 29. 0
SISGDSe2 eee eet e ee 5.0 60. 1 30. 6 27.8
SLSHD Se at ees 5. 2 65. 7 35. 2 30. 5
SL SOD 82S a = ew weet a6 64. 1 30. 2 26D
SIS658aat gsi signe ol 61.8 31.9 28. 0
SI SG 58s tae 5. 0 61.0 30. 6 28. 0
SI SGOSe Etat ene eee 4.9 58.1 31.0 Dike t
319658= 21.22 ar. 5.1 58. 6 39. 6 36. 6
2558688 Seek ae he oe 4.9 aud 29. 8 25.2,
DAH SGSea eee ee 5.0 58. 6 32. 6 29. 3
25586SR SORT eb. Aas oa 54. 9 31. 4 26. 9
SIS OA Mier see gs Sa 61. 6 32. 0 28. 6
SLOSS ene en oe eee 5. I 63. 0 ola 29. 2
SL ScOA hs 2h wa Fee 4.9 60. 0 30. 9 20.0
SUS OA Pane A Ball 57. 9 aaa, 28. 0
Average 28. 20. Terere Dot 60. 1 32. 8 28. 3
Greatest fis ee 6. 1 67. 9 37.8 36. 6
WiGRSbs ao eee ee ene 4.9 53. 7 28. 9 Dae
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 507
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA JUANI Bartsch
PLATE 112, FiaurEe 2
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa juant Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis CLENCH and ARCHER, Papers Michigan
Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 544; in part.
The shell is quite small, ovate. The first 1.5 nuclear whorls are
very pale brown, the rest darker brown, and this color gradually
deepens in intensity until on the last whorl it is bright chestnut-brown.
The later nuclear whorls and the postnuclear whorls show hydroph-
anous axial bands of various widths and shape, sometimes mere
lines and varying from this to fulgurations. These bands are present
on both spire and base. They are of an olivaceous-buff tint. The
aperture is pale blue within. The peristome is dark blackish brown,
which is also the color of the outer edge of the inner lip, the inner
portion of the columella being the same color as the interior of the
aperture. Nuclear whorls 2.5, forming a moderately elevated ‘spire,
all but the last marked by fine lines of growth, the latter marked by
the crisscross sculpture of the postnuclear turns. The postnuclear
turns are appressed at the summit, moderately rounded, marked by
rather irregular, variable incremental lines and microscopic, closely
spaced, spiral striations, as well as exceedingly fine crisscross sculpture
on both spire and base. The suture is moderately impressed. The
periphery is feebly angulated. The base is short, inflated, and well
rounded. The aperture is broadly oval. The outer lip is expanded
and reflected. The columella is moderately expanded and reflected
to form a narrow umbilicus.
This race is the smallest of the short-based forms, a fact that readily
distinguishes it from the other races.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313708), collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Camorong in the Municipality of Abra de Ilog, northern Mindoro,
has 6.2 whorls and measures: Length, 47.3 mm; greater diameter,
26.4 mm; lesser diameter, 23 mm.
Six topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313709) yield the following additional
measurements:
Greater Lesser
diameter diameter
Number of whorls
508
1841.
1842.
1842.
1848.
1849.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1855.
1855.
1856.
1859.
1860.
1868.
1876.
1877.
1887.
1892.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1901.
1914.
1932.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA MINDOROENSIS (Broderip)
PuaTE 112, Fiaurss 6, 8
Bulinus mindoroensis BropERtP, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, pp. 84-86;
in part.
Bulinus mindoroensis REEVE, Conchologia systematica ..., vol. 2, pl. 57,
figs. 4, 5.
Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 48.
Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
2, pp. 76-77; in part.
Bulimus mindoroensis REEvE, Conchologia iconica, pl. 4, fig. 15.
Chrysallis mindoroensis ALBERS, Die Heliceen, ed. 1, p. 141.
Bulimus mindoroensis DEsHAYES, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mol-
lusques.. ., vol. 2, pp. 15-16 (in part), pl. 149, figs. 6, 7.
Chrysallis mindoroensis Mo6rcu, Catalogus conchyliorum, quae reliquit
Alphonso d’Aguirra y Gadea, Comes de Yoldi, vol. 1, p. 30.
Bulimus mindoroensis PretrFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
3, pp. 325-326; in part.
Bulimus mindoroensis PreirFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,
ed. 2, vol. 1, Abt. 18, Theil 1, pp. 202-203; in part.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis H. and A. Apams, The genera of recent Mollusca,
vol. 2, p. 148.
Bulimus mindoroensis PrnirFER, Malakozool. Blatter, vol. 2, p. 150.
Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
4, pp. 387-388; in part.
Chrysallis mindoroensis Martrns, Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 179.
Bulimus mindoroensis PreirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
6, p. 34; in part.
Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
7, p. 49; in part.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, pt.
2, vol. 3, p. 222.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis Hipauco, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, pp. 173-174;
in part.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 52-53
(in part), pl. 14, fig. 71.
Helicostyla mindoroensis PiusBry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231; in part.
Chrysallis mindoroensis ELErRA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, pp. 611-612; in part.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis H1pauGo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 247, 248,
263, 296, 298, 325, 331, 341, 350, 352.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis MOLLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gorlitz, vol.
22, p. 146; in part.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis HipauGo, Obras malacologicas, pp. 548-550 (in
part), pl. 97, fig. 4.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 336-338 (in part), pl.
175, figs. 4-6.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa mindoroensis BARTSCH, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
Shell elongate-ovate. The nuclear whorls and the first half of the
postnuclear turns are chocolate-brown; the succeeding turn is pale
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 509
chestnut-brown; the last whorl chestnut-brown. The shell is cov-
ered with a moderately thick periostracum, which is streaked, banded,
and sometimes fulgurated with retractively slanting axial streaks of
buff or orange-buff, alternating with brown and almost blackish-
brown bands, the darkest coloration always being on the last whorl
and the base of the last whorl being always darker than the posterior
portion of it. The aperture is decidedly bluish within, this colora-
tion extending to the inner edge of the periostracum, the outer ex-
panded peristome being dark, almost black, with an azurite reflec-
tion. The inner edge of the columella is like the interior of the aper-
ture, possibly a trifle darker, while the outer portion continues the
color of the peristome. Nuclear whorls 3; the first smooth and the
rest marked like the postnuclear turns, the space between grading
into these sculptures. The postnuclear whorls are appressed at the
summit, moderately well rounded, and marked by retractively slant-
ing lines of growth, which are somewhat irregular in width and spac-
ing. In addition the whorls are marked by the characteristic criss-
cross sculpture described for the species, which is present on base
and spire. The aperture is broadly oval; peristome is broadly ex-
panded and reflected, particularly so at the insertion of the columella
where it almost covers the umbilicus, leaving only a very narrow
chink. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus.
This subspecies is most nearly related to the typical form but is
slenderer.
Nonmberstwiois | Lenin | Ouepal | tara
Mm Mm Mm
58.4 29.1 23.9
63.3 33.1 27.6
54.1 29.6 24.9
55.1 26.7 22.6
59.3 29.0 24.5
49.6 27.8 24.6
54.1 28.1 24.7
55.4 31.1 26.6
57.5 27.8 23.1
56.8 30.8 26.3
60.8 32.8 28.0
49.0 28.0 23.7
56.8 32.3 26.8
54.9 27.3 23.7
60.4 oo.2 28.1
60.9 31.6 26.0
52.8 30.1 26.0
59.7 29.5 26.3
156.6 129.88 125.4
263.3 233.2 298.1
349.0 326.7 392.6
1 Average. 1 Greatest. 3 Least.
510 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The specimen described and figured well represents the form de-
picted by Reeve. I am adding a copy of Reeve’s illustration (see
figure 15, Conchologia Iconica) for comparison. This specimen was
collected by von MoOllendorff and bears only the label “Mindoro.” It
has 6 whorls and measures: Length, 63.3 mm; greater diameter, 32.4
mm; lesser diameter, 28.5 mm.
It probably came from the region of Puerto Galera.
Eighteen specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313705) received from Pedro de
Mesa were collected by him at Dulangan, Puerto Galera, and yield
the measurements given in the foregoing table.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA MELANOGASTER (Mérch)
PuaTE 112, Fiaure 4
1841. Bulinus mindoroensis BRopERIP, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, pp. 84-86;
in part.
1851. Bulimus mindoroensis DEsSHAYES, Férussac’s Histoire naturelle . . . mol-
lusques . . ., vol. 2, pp. 15-16 (in part), p.1 149, fig. 9(?).
1852. Chrysallis melanogaster Morcu, Catalogus conchyliorum, quae reliquit
Alphonso d’Aguirra y Gadea, Comes de Yoldi, vol. 1, p. 30.
1853. Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
3, pp. 325-326; in part.
1855. Bulimus mindoroensis PrrtrrER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet,
ed. 2, vol. 1, Abt. 13, Theil 1, pp. 202-203 (in part), pl. 57, figs. 4, 5.
1859. Bulimus mindoroensis PreirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
4, pp. 387-388; in part.
1868. Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
6, p. 34; in part.
1876. Bulimus mindoroensis PrEirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
7, p. 49; in part.
1892. Cochlostyla mindoroensis Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 52-53
(in part), pl. 14, fig. 68.
1895. Helicostyla mindoroensis Piuspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231; in
part.
1896. Chrysallis mindoroensis ELERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, pp. 611-612; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla melanogaster H1pauco, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 296, 298.
1898. Cochlostyla mindoroensis M6LLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
p. 146; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla mindoroensis H1paLGo, Obras malacologicas, pp. 548-550; in
part.
1914. Cochlostyla mindoroensis melanogaster M@6.LLENDORFF, KosBELtT, and
Winter, Semper’s Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp.
336-338; in part.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa melanogaster Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis CLENCH and ARCHER, Papers Michi-
gan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 544; in part.
Shell rather small, slender, elongate-ovate. The nuclear whorls are
dark chocolate-brown, the succeeding turn bright chestnut-brown,
the last whorl blackish brown. A moderately strong periostracum
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 511
covers the surface of the shell, and this is streaked with retractively
slanting streaks, blotches, spots, and sometimes fulgurations of buff or
orange-buff. ‘The base of the last whorl is always darker than the
posterior half of the turn. The aperture is white with a bluish tint
within. The peristome is very dark brown, almost black, with a
bluish reflection, the inner edge of the columella, particularly at its
insertion, tending to the same color as that of the aperture. The
parietal wall is covered by a dark callus. Nuclear whorls almost 3;
the first smooth, the rest gradually acquiring the sculpture of the
postnuclear turns. The postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded,
appressed at the summit, and marked by retractively slanting lines of
growth and obsolete spiral striations and also by rather coarse micro-
scopic crisscross sculpture. The aperture is broadly oval; the peri-
stome is very broadly expanded and reflected.
Number of whorls eatetee eas fa diam-
Mm Mn
25. 8 21. 8
27.8 22. 5
27. 8 23. 1
21.3 22. 4
21a dot
27. 4 2250
27.3 22. 6
26. 4 Io
27.8 22. 4
26. 5 22. 0
29. 4 24. 4
28. 4 23. 4
30. 0 24. 3
25. 9 21.8
28. 3 23. 4
26. 0 21. 6
25. 6 21.4
28. 0 23. |
26. 7 22. 7
27.8 23. 9
26. 8 22. 8
27. 0 2an0
26. 3 22. 4
26. 6 23. 5
27. 5 24, 2
27. 5 24.1
27. 4 24, 2
25. 5 22. 4
20.3 23. 1
26. 1 22. 5
26. 4 22. 5
27. 8 24.1
25a 225i
26. 8 22. 8
127. 07 122. 94
2 30. 0 294.4
325.3 $21.4
1 Average. 1 Greatest. 5 Least.
512 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313657a) was
collected by Pedro de Mesa on Mount Sapol near Calapan, Mindoro.
It has 5.8 whorls and measures: Length, 49.3 mm; greater diameter,
26 mm; lesser diameter, 22.1 mm. This corresponds well with
Pfeiffer’s figures 4 and 5 of plate 57, Martini-Chemnitz, which Mérch
took as the basis for his name and which I am reproducing here.
An additional series of specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313657), from the
same source, yields the data given in the foregoing table.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA WAGNERI (Grateloup)
PuatE 113, Fiaurss 4, 7
1840. Bulimus wagnert GraTELOvP, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. 11, p. 164.
1840. Bulimus aspersus var. wagnert GRaTELOUP, Mémoire sur plusieurs espéces
de coquiJles nouvelles ou peu connues de mollusques . . ., p. 35, pl. 2,
fig. 8.
1841. Bulinus mindoroensis BRopERIP, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, pp. 84-86;
in part.
1842. Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Symbolae, vol. 2, p. 48.
1848. Bulimus mindoroensis PrnirFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
2, pp. 76-77; in part.
1852. Chrysallis wagneri Mo6rcu, Catalogus conchyliorum, quae reliquit Al-
phonso d’Aguirra y Gadea, Comes de Yoldi, vol. 1, p. 30.
1853. Bulimus mindoroensis PyniFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol. 3,
pp. 325-826; in part.
1859. Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
4, pp. 387-388; in part.
1868. Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
6, p. 34; in part.
1876. Bulimus mindoroensis PFEIFFER, Monographia heliceorum viventium, vol.
7, p- 49; in part.
1887. Cochlostyla mindoroensis Hipaueo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 35, p. 174; in part.
1892. Cochlostyla mindoroensis PitsBry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 8, pp. 52-53; in
part.
1895. Helicostyla mindoroensis Pitspry, Man. Conch., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 231; in part.
1896. Chrysallis mindoroensis ELERA, Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de
Filipinas, vol. 3, pp. 611-612; in part.
1897. Cochlostyla wagnert H1pauaGo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 44, pp. 248, 298, 325.
1898. Cochlostyla mindoroensis M6LLENDORFF, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Gérlitz, vol. 22,
p. 146; in part.
1901. Cochlostyla mindoroensis Hipauco, Obras malacologicas, pp. 548-550; in
part.
1914. Cochlostyla mindoroensis M6LLENDORFF, KoBELT, and WINTER, Semper’s
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, vol. 10, pp. 336-338; in part.
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa wagneri Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
Shell elongate-ovate. The base of the last whorl is rather short and
well rounded. The early whorls are dull bluish chocolate-brown, the
middle one buff with a brownish tint and the last one chestnut-brown.
The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively slanting bands,
blotches, spots, or fulgurations of yellowish buff, which extend over
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 513
both spire and base. The basal portion of the last whorl is slightly
darker than the space posterior to it. The interior of the aperture is
pale bluish; the broadly expanded peristome is chocolate-brown at the
edge with a very strong iridescent bright bluish tinge on the inner half.
There is a wide bluish white triangular spot on the inner edge of the
columella at its insertion. Nuclear whorls 3; the first well rounded,
smooth, the rest marked by fine axial threads, which gradually develop
into the postnuclear sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are appressed
at the summit, moderately well rounded, and marked by irregular,
retractively slanting lines of growth, obsolete spiral striations, and the
usual crisscross sculpture both on spire and base. The aperture is
broadly oval. The peristome is strongly expanded and reflected both
on the outer lip and columella. In the latter place it almost covers the
umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus.
Greater Lesser diam-
Number of whorls Length diamatee atay
Mm
CWNNN POD OWMROCOREOOMINOWWOOWUANON
. 9
.6
. 6
. 0
“8
4
4
. 6
. 4
8. 0
if
2. 0
.3
. 3
me
.3
. 6
9
ath
oo
4
.8
cd
|
. 6
aide
.4
3
. 0
.d
bee
. 0
. 4
1 Average. 2 Greatest. 3 Least.
1185—38——_10
514 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Grateloup’s figure shows a badly worn and decorticated specimen,
which I can match with some material from the Lake Naujan region.
The race about this lake has the short, rounded base and is smaller
than typical aspersa to the north of this region. I am, therefore,
reserving Grateloup’s name for this race.
Thirty specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313711), collected by Worcester
and Bourns on the Menage Expedition about Lake Naujan, yield the
data given in the foregoing table.
The specimen described and figured (U.S.N.M. no. 313710) was
collected by Worcester and Bourns on the Menage Expedition. It has
5.9 whorls and measures: Length, 59.9 mm; greater diameter, 30 mm;
lesser diameter, 24.5 mm.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA EDGARI Bartsch
PuaTE 113, Ficure 6
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa edgari Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
Shell elongate-ovate. The base of the last whorl is considerably
protracted and gently rounded. Early whorls are chocolate-brown
with a purplish tinge; the middle whorl is buff, and the last chestnut-
brown. The whorls are marked by retractively slanting bands of
yellowish buff, which may be fulgurated, broken, or more or less com-
plete, though alternating with zones of the ground color of the shell.
Interior of the aperture pale bluish; peristome with a chocolate-brown
outer edge, the inner portion of the peristome fading into the color of
the aperture, both on the outer lip and the columella. Nuclear whorls
3, the first smooth, the rest grading into the sculpture of the post-
nuclear whorls, which consists of irregular, retractively curved, incre-
mental lines. The usual crisscross microscopic sculpture is well pro-
nounced on both spire and base. The postnuclear whorls are appressed
at the summit and moderately well rounded. The periphery is also
rounded and the protracted base gently so. Aperture broadly oval;
outer lip broadly expanded and reflected, the inner lip likewise ex-
panded and reflected, particularly at its insertion, where it almost
covers the umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a rather stout
callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313712) was collected by Col. Edgar A.
Mearns on the Mount Halcon Expedition. It has 6 whorls and meas-
ures: Length, 66.2 mm, greater diameter, 32 mm; lesser diameter, 28.2
mm.
Eight topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 255799) yield the following addi-
tional measurements:
GOCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 515
Greater Lesser
Number of whorls diameter | diameter
NON HOODS
ONOORWOF
Soma toon
6.
6.
5.
6.
D.
6.
6.
6.
Another specimen in our collection (U.S.N.M. no. 255798) is labeled
“Mindoro of Luzun”’, also collected by Colonel Mearns, a locality
that I have been unable to locate, but also on Mount Halcon. This
specimen has 6.3 whorls and measures: Length, 62 mm; greater
diameter, 31.5 mm.
Another specimen without specific locality comes from the Cuming
collection. This is the largest of the races belonging to the group
with the protracted base.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA BINUANGANA Bartsch
Puate 112, Fieure 5
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa binuangana Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis furva CLENcH and ARCHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 546, pl. 58, fig. 3.
Shell elongate-ovate; the first postnuclear whorls are smoky buff,
the remaining chocolate-color, the last turn being blackish chocolate-
brown. The interior of the aperture is pale blue; the peristome and
outer edge of the columella are blackish brown. The inner edge of
the columella is pale blue. The entire shell, except the first nuclear
whorl, is covered by a thin periostracum, crossed by hydrophanous
buff-colored bands, which cover the last whorl for the major part.
These hydrophanous markings are very irregular, sometimes almost
axial, sometimes fulgurated, sometimes blotched and spotted, and
they extend over both spire and base. There is an indication of a
dislocation of the bands at the periphery of the last turn. Nuclear
whorls 2.8; the first smooth, the next marked by incremental lines,
which on the last turn assume almost the strength of threads. The
postnuclear whorls are well rounded, appressed at the summit, and
marked by irregular threadlike incremental lines, which are retrac-
tively slanting. The whorls are also marked by microscopic, closely
spaced, spiral striations, and the usual crisscross sculpture. The
periphery is obsoletely angulated. The base is rather long, some-
what inflated, well rounded. The aperture is broadly oval; the outer
516 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
lip is expanded and reflected. The columella is rather narrow, also-
reflected, forming a narrow umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered.
by a moderately thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313713), collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Binuangan, Principality of Paluan, Mindoro, has 6 whorls and meas-
ures: Length, 49 mm; greater diameter, 26 mm; lesser diameter, 22'
mm.
A series of topotypes, also collected by Mr. de Mesa, yields the
following data:
Greater Lesser
diameter diameter
Average
Greatest
6. 3
6. 0
6. 1
6. 0
6. 1
6. 1
6. 1
6. 2
6. 0
6. 2
6. 2
6.1
6.1
5. 8
6. 0
6. 2
6. 5
6. 6
6. 5
6. 5
6. 4
6. 1
6. 2
5. 9
5. 9
6,1
5. 9
6. 2
6. 0
6. 2
6. 1
6. 0
6. 2
6. 0
6.3
6.3
6. 0
6. 0
6. 1
6. 6
5. 8
KOIbn | CADP OWMDMNDONWDNHOCOMOWWDONODURUIMAOMRPOPRPNO PNA
U.S.N.M. no. 313648 contains six specimens from Pula, Principality
of Paluan, Mindoro, which I am provisionally referring here, also
collected by Mr. de Mesa.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 517
This is a very dark-colored ovate form, which suggests Cochlostyla
(Chrysallis) aspersa melanogaster but lacks the dark basal coloration.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA ILOGANA Bartsch
PuatTH 113, FicuRE 8
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa ilogana Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis parallazis CLENCH and ARCHER,
Papers Miehigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 550; in part.
Shell very elongate and regularly ovate, all but the last whorl pale
chestnut-brown, that one very dark brown, almost black. The shell
is covered with a rather strong periostracum, which is axially re-
tractively streaked with zones of dull buff, these zones varying ma-
terially in width and permitting the ground color of the shell to appear
in the interspaces. The light zones are not at all regular but vary
from straight bands to fulgurations. The base is usually slightly
darker than the posterior half of the last whorl, and here the bands
frequently assume an orange-buff tinge. The aperture is pale blue
within; the broadly expanded peristome is almost black. There is
a bluish triangle at the inner edge of the insertion of the columella.
Nuclear whorls 2.8, the first smooth, the rest gradually assuming the
postnuclear sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are slightly shouldered
at the summit, almost flattened, the last one is feebly angulated at
the periphery and has the base strongly protracted. They are
marked by retractively curved, almost flattened, threadlike lines of
growth, which extend on the last whorl to the umbilical chink. In
addition they are marked by obsolete spiral striations and the usual
crisscross microscopic sculpture. The aperture is elongate-oval;
the peristome is broadly expanded and reflected, that of the inner lip
almost covering the umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a
rather strong callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313706) was collected by Pedro de Mesa
at Camorong, Abra de Ilog, Mindoro. It has 6.8 whorls and meas-
ures: Length, 66.3 mm; greater diameter, 31.7 mm; lesser diameter,
25.6 mm.
Thirty-eight topotypes (U.S.N.M. nos. 313707, 313659, and 313662)
yield the additional information shown on the following page.
518 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Number of Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. whorls Length diameter diameter
Average
Greatest
6. 7
6. 7
6. 6
6. 4
6. 4
6. 6
6. 0
6. 4
Ge
6. 2
6. 4
6. 4
6. 2
6. 7
6. 5
6. 1
6. 0
5. 9
6. 6
6. 9
6.8
7.0
6. 6
6. 9
6. 9
6. 3
6. 9
6. 5
7.0
6. 9
6.9
6. 5
6. 4
wom
6. 1
6.9
6. 8
6. 5
6. 5
iA
5. 9
KH10 | OWNNOWOADONMHOWNNRF OF NDOONWRAOOWH RE WOWORNA
This subspecies can readily be distinguished from Cochlostyla
(Chrysallis) aspersa edgari by its much more regularly elongate-
ovate form and from Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspera calavitana by its
much greater size.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) ASPERSA CALAVITANA Bartsch
Puate 113, Figure 5
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa calavitana Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis parallaris CLENcH and ARCHER,
Papers Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 550, pl. 58, fig. 2;
in part.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 519
Shell small, elongate-ovate, rather dull in coloration, all but the last
whorl very pale brown or buffish brown, the last whorl chestnut-brown.
All except the early nuclear whorls are variegated with retractively
curved, axial streaks of dull buff. These streaks vary considerably
in width and distribution on the various turns and also in their form,
each ranging from broad bands to fulgurations. The base is slightly
darker than the posterior part of the last whorl. The interior of the
aperture is pale blue, which color extends also over the inner portion
of the peristome; the outer edge of the peristome is almost black.
The inner edge of the columella is also blue like the interior of the
aperture. Nuclear whorls 3, the first smooth, the rest gradually
assuming the postnuclear sculpture, which consists of low, irregular,
rather closely approximated, retractively curved incremental lines.
In addition the postnuclear whorls are marked by the usual crisscross
microscopic sculpture and indications of obsolete spiral striations.
The postnuclear whorls are slightly rounded and appressed at the
summit. There is a feeble angle at the periphery and the basal
portion of the last turn is considerably protracted. The aperture is
elongate-ovate; the peristome is broadly expanded and reflected. The
reflection almost covers the umbilicus at the insertion of the columella.
The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus.
This race can at once be distinguished from the other members with
the protracted base by its exceedingly small size.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313714) was collected by Pedro de Mesa
on Mount Calavite near Paluan, Mindoro. It has 6.5 whorls and
measures: Length, 55 mm; greater diameter, 26.8 mm; lesser diameter,
22.6 mm.
Five topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313715) from the same source yield
the following measurements:
Greater Lesser
Number of whorls diameter | diameter
21.9
20. 7
20. 0
20. 2
21.8
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS Bartsch
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 342.
Shell varying from elongate-ovate to elongate-conic in the different
races. The nuclear whorls and probably the first postnuclear whorls
in all of the races are flesh-color, sometimes soiled flesh-color. The last
nuclear whorl and the light postnuclear whorls are bordered with a
520 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
narrow zone of brown at the summit. The postnuclear whorls vary
from almost flattened to fairly well rounded, and the periphery of the
last whorl in some of the races is quite inflated; in others it is not in-
flated, but in all of them it is rounded and usually marked with a color
line that separates the basal portion of the shell from the posterior part.
The base, too, in some of the races is more inflated than in others.
The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively slanting bands or
fulgurations of yellow or greenish yellow, which vary in width and
strength and emphasis. These extend from the summit to the um-
bilical region. In some of the races on the last whorl they become
more or less fused, and here the shell looks as if it were covered with
a uniform motley periostracum. The interior of the aperture is
bluish white, and the expanded peristome varies from white suffused
with purplish brown to purplish brown in the different races. In all of
them the outer edge of the peristome is bounded by a zone of purplish
brown. This usually also extends up on the outer edge of the parietal
callus. The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively slanting,
irregularly developed and spaced lines of growth, which give to the
surface of the shell a somewhat rough appearance. The shaggy
appearance obscures the fine microscopic crisscross sculpture, which
crosses the lines of growth obliquely. The aperture is broadly oval;
the outer lip is broadly expanded and reflected; the inner lip very
broad at its insertion where it is reflected over the umbilicus, which it
almost covers. The parietal area is covered by a rather thick callus.
This species seems to be widely distributed on the island of Mindoro.
It probably ranges over the entire island and apparently breaks up
into a number of races, so I give it a specific status here.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS
Shell ‘brilliantly: wariewa ted. 5 5m eae 2k hee i oS ae a demesai
Shell not brilliantly variegated.
Shell rather dull in color.
Shell elongate-ovate.
Sheil larve; téngth-mere-than 70 mm-_..222.2) seas tessce maita
Shell not large; length less than 65 mm___----___-- contracostana
Shell elongate-conic.
Wihotlsralmtostanattened sae 3 eee oo eee conica
Whorls rounded.
Length-more-than-55.mmescnswoscesesseeeseoed.- caniceps
eneth Jess uth. 50) vin a ae ee a ee minuta
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS DEMESAI Bartsch
Puats 114, Ficure 1
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps demesai Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis electrica CLENcH and ARCHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 545; in part.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 521
Shell elongate-ovate. The nuclear whorls are flesh-color. The
early postnuclear whorls are pale brown, gradually turning to almost
blackish brown on the last turn. On the early whorls a darkish zone
is present also at the summit of the turns. Over this ground color
more or less zigzag, retractively slanting, sometimes fulgurated lines of
greenish buff are placed. These color markings extend from the
summit to the umbilical chink. The aperture is bluish white within.
The expanded peristome and a slight portion of the outer edge of the
columella are smoky chocolate-brown, the dark color extending much
farther within the aperture than in the other races. Nuclear whorls 3,
well rounded. The last one is marked by a similar type of sculpture
as that which characterizes the postnuclear turns. The postnuclear
whorls are very narrowly shouldered at the summit and crossed by
retractively curved lines of growth, which vary very much in strength,
and also in spacing, but they are rather closely crowded. In ad-
dition the whorls are marked by the fine microscopic crisscross sculp-
ture characteristic of the group. Aperture broadly oval. The
peristome decidedly expanded and reflected. The inner lip is also
expanded and reflected, rather decidedly so at its insertion where its
reflection almost covers the umbilicus, leaving only a chink. The
parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus.
This race can at once be distinguished from the other subspecies
by the fact that the color is much darker than in any of the others,
the dark color on the peristome extending within the aperture, a
feature not observed in any of the other forms of this species.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313552) was collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Calamintao, Mamborao, Mindoro, which is southwest of Mount
Halcon. The type has 6.8 whorls and measures: Length, 65 mm;
vreater diameter, 34.8 mm; lesser diameter, 27.8 mm.
Thirteen topotypes (U.S.N.M. nos. 313553 and 313651) measure:
Greater Lesser
U.S.N.M. no. bh diameter diameter
6
Average
Greatest
CWO) WPODOAOWNNANOWOWH
6. 9
G9
6. 3
6. 7
6.3
6. 4
6.5
6. 2
0
Gut
6. 6
6. 4
6. 4
6. 5
7.0
6. 2
522 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS MAITA Bartsch
Puate 114, Ficure 7
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps maita Barrscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 342.
Shell rather large, elongate-ovate. The early nuclear whorls are
soiled flesh-color; the last one is pale buff, and from that the shell
grades on the last turn to the ground color, chestnut-brown. Over
this are placed irregular more or less interrupted zones of grayish
buff, which are best developed near the summit on the last turn; the
stronger markings disappear on the last half. The aperture is bluish
white, and the peristome is chocolate-brown with a purplish flush
except the interior portion of the outer lip at its insertion, which again
is flesh-color, while the parietal callus is pale brown. Nuclear whorls
3, the first smooth, the rest showing the markings of the postnuclear
turns. The postnuclear whorls are marked by irregularly developed,
closely spaced, retractively slanting, flattened threads and fine, ill-
defined, subobsolete spiral striations. In addition they are marked
by the usual crisscross microscopic sculpture, which cuts the lines of
growth obliquely. Aperture broadly ovate; outer lip broadly ex-
panded and reflected. The inner lip likewise broadly expanded and
reflected, particularly at its insertion where it almost covers the
umbilicus, leaving only a narrow chink. The parietal wall is covered
by a rather thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 20351a) was collected by the Exploring
Expedition presumably at the southern tip of Mindoro. It has lost
the first nuclear whorl. The 5.8 remaining measure: Length, 71
mm; greater diameter, 38 mm; lesser diameter, 29.6 mm.
A young specimen from the same source is entered under the same
number.
This race is also a member of the ovate-conic group and most
closely resembles CO. caniceps contracostana but is much larger than
that form. 'The chocolate-brown peristome is also darker and of
more uniform color than in contracostana.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS CONTRACOSTANA Bartsch
Puate 114, Ficurn 2
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps contracostana Bartscu, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 343.
Shell elongate-ovate. The early nuclear whorls are flesh-color, the
last one pale buff, the succeeding turns gradually shade from this
to light brown and to dark chestnut-brown. In the lighter turns there
is a zone of light brown near the summit. In addition the whorls are
marked by retractively curved bands of pale buff or greenish buff.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 523
These bands are of irregular width, shape, and spacing. On the last
whorl they extend to the umbilical chink. The aperture is bluish
white, and the peristome is edged with chestnut-brown. This color
gradually fades inward until it merges with the white of the aperture
at their junction. The inner lip is edged with brown, which also
extends over the outer edge of the parietal callus. Nuclear whorls 2.9,
the first smooth and the last one showing the markings of the post-
nuclear whorls. The postnuclear whorls are very narrowly shouldered
at the summit and are crossed by irregularly developed and spaced,
retractively slanting, almost threadlike lines of growth, which are
quite closely approximated. These pass over the periphery and base
of the last whorl to the umbilical chink. In addition to this sculpture,
the whorls are marked by the usual microscopic crisscross lines, which
cut the lines of growth obliquely. The periphery of the last whorl is
somewhat inflated, well rounded. The periphery is marked by a
slender color line, which defines the border line between the spire and
base. Base wellrounded. Aperture broadly oval; outer lip expanded
and reflected; inner lip decidedly expanded at its insertion, also re-
flected, covering the umbilicus excepting a broad chink. The parietal
wall is covered by a moderately thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313554) was collected by Mr. Quadras
and is labeled, ‘‘(Contra Costa de Mindoro.” It has 6.1 whorls and
measures: Length, 62 mm; greater diameter, 35.2 mm; lesser diameter,
26 mm.
This race belongs to the elongate-ovate group and can be readily
differentiated from C. caniceps demesai by its less brilliant coloration
and smaller size and from C. caniceps maita by its smaller size.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS CONICA Bartsch
PuaTE 114, Ficure 6
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps conica Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 348.
Shell rather large, very regularly elongate-conic. The first two
nuclear whorls flesh-color; the last one pale buff, which is also the color
of the succeeding turn, but this rapidly shades into the chestnut color
of the last two whorls. In addition the whorls are marked by irregu-
larly placed axial bands of yellowish buff, which leave the brown
interspaces on the posterior half of the turns very conspicuous.
The basal half of the last whorl is almost unicolor, the darker parts
showing through only in spots and the last portion of the last turn is
also of this more or less solid color. The interior of the aperture is
bluish white, and the expanded peristome is pale purplish brown with
a narrow zone of dark purplish brown at the edge. This color also
marks the outer edge of the peripheral callus. Nuclear whorls 3,
524 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
the first two well rounded, and smooth, the last one showing the
beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. The postnuclear whorls are
narrowly shouldered, almost flattened, and marked by irregular,
decidedly retractively curved, almost threadlike incremental lines,
which are closely approximated and which extend on the last whorl
from the summit to the umbilical chink. In addition the whorls are
marked by ill-defined spiral threads and the usual crisscross micro-
scopic incised lines, which cut the lines of growth obliquely, both
protractively and retractively. The aperture is oblique and broadly
oval, with the outer lip decidedly expanded and reflected. The inner
lip is also expanded, decidedly so at its insertion where it is reflected
over the umbilicus, of which it leaves only a very narrow chink. The
parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313555) was collected by von Mollendorff
in southwestern Mindoro. It has 7 whorls and measures: Length,
73.1 mm; greater diameter, 36.9 mm; lesser diameter, 27.9 mm.
This subspecies can readily be distinguished from the others by its
regularly conic outline.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS CANICEPS Bartsch
PuaTE 114, Figure 5; Puate 115
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps caniceps Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 343.
Shell elongate-conic. The first nuclear portion is flesh-color, which
is succeeded by pale buff gradually shading into the dark chestnut-color
of the last turn. In the early light-colored whorls there is a narrow
zone of brown near the summit. In addition the whorls are marked
by fulgurations and bands of pale-buff or yellowish-buff axial bands,
which on the last whorl extend from the summit to the umbilical
chink. The last whorl also shows a peripheral dark line separating
the spire from the basal portion. The aperture is bluish white edged
with dark chestnut-brown, which also extends over the outer portion
of the peripheral callus. Nuclear whorls 2.8, the first two smooth,
the last one showing the beginning of the postnuclear sculpture. The
postnuclear whorls are very narrowly shouldered at the summit and
crossed by retractively curved, irregular, and irregularly developed
lines of growth, which are rather closely approximated and do not
merit the term of threads. There are also fine, obsoletely incised spiral
lines and the usual microscopic crisscross sculpture, which cuts the
lines of growth obliquely both protractively and retractively on spire
and base. The aperture is broadly ovate. The outer lip broadly
expanded; the inner lip also expanded, decidedly so at its insertion
where it is reflected over the umbilicus, of which it leaves only a
narrow chink. Parietal wall covered by a rather heavy callus.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 525
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313556) was collected by the Menage
Scientific Expedition, that is, by Drs. Worcester and Bourns, at Lake
Naujan, Mindoro. It has 6 whorls and measures: Length, 59.3 mm;
greater diameter, 30 mm; lesser diameter, 23.2 mm.
A hundred additional specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313557) yield the
following measurements:
Number of whorls Length ee woe
Mm Mm Mm
ClO net ete Jo est 55. 6 25. 6 Dvd
Gi pee ho 32 aoe Lt 56.3 Die 21.6
Gale ek ahaa t 50. 8 22. 8 20. 8
Gala -h. os ale ok 56. 5 26. 7 22. 4
Gslesae 2d Sa eek 54. 5 26. 2 22. 2
GOs 22 aS ewe SE 58. 5 29. 4 24. 1
Gi See eh 54. 3 25. 9 21.8
G20 ae ee ee SE 50. 2 Jar 2, 21.13
Gp are OS eat PS A 59. 5 26. 3 22. 7
GOs a2 bas a Se 52. 3 26. 3 21.4
6:0 oho ee ak 53. 0 25. 8 21.8
GiO ee Se a eo. 52.2 27. 6 22.8
FeO ese ise aes A i te E 55. 2 253 21257,
Gs0 sence Sous eoeace! 55. 8 27. 0 22. 0
Gs see ee ea ee 60. 3 28. 0 24. 2
Gaieaee ut? caeneres: 58. 7 Dla 23. 4
GO e422 ae k 52. 4 24. 9 22. 3
yO inne ey uy ey 50. 0 24. 8 21.9
GuQin seein Jee i, ah 5aao 29. 0 2252
Gens ee cd 50. 2 23. 6 20. 5
Gala Ay 57.3 26. 4 21.8
Gao eat tet beer d pled: 52.3 28. 2 2252,
Gil Se a eek 56. 8 25. 0 22. 0
FAQ aot. Saegee ae 51.6 26. 6 Dla
Gaps 9g Bee? oe eb 52. 0 25. 5 21.8
Grego Lea ok 54.7 Qlad 22. 2
Gslvae ss S20 eee OP 56. 6 26. 9 23. 0
GD a pe 57. 8 27.9 23. 8
GaQ ea A ee 50, 7 26. 4 22.3
Galsen eae er hae Ue 48.7 28. 7 22.5
G0neses 2s. Sas Ue 57. 0 27. 0 22a;
Gales oe Sis eek. 53. 3 2651 Dileva
Gee ee ee eee 56. 5 Dee J1e5
Galas ate ee ee 54. 4 26. 9 22. 5
G52 ek Sos ees 54. 8 27. 4 22. 6
iy bet Se Ra eR 59. 6 29.5 23. 3
GO Bets be coal op are ae 56. 7 27.6 Qo
Gali ee ee EL 55.9 29. 0 22. 9
Gi Qa oe ae Ak 50. 8 23. 4 DEST /
G22 aes ee 54. 5 27. 4 22. 6
GED tec Bre eee oe 60. 6 218 Dauk
6:Q=-Ses2eso eS 61. 6 29. 0 DET
Gisik Samet ae a 54. 7 DSi 21.8
GOI See eee eee 61. 6 28. 5 22.8
GOR ihe Ser eae 60. 9 31.1 23.5
6) loo Sek hh ty es 522, 26. 9 21.8
Ey EO ta co een ee re peer 61.5 29.8 22. 9
GDS # ahora OSs 56. 9 26. 3 21.0
Gelert epee tr ei gs 52. 0 24.8 22.5
GI2 eS oe ee 50. 6 25. 8 cea)
Gore ee EE 58. 0 28. 9 J203
Gli 35 ot el ee ot 55. 0 26. 4 21.8
Onde ee eee 56. 4 26. 4 2258
CLO ae ee 58. 4 28. 8 24.1
526
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Number of whorls
1 Average.
Length
Mm
3 Greatest.
or
CaM! AARROCDCOCANDAANHEHNNDHUDNARWHONAOOWDOCOKRONMIH AMIDA OP ON Or
Greater Lesser
diameter diameter
Mm Mm
26. 5 23. 4
30. 0 24. 0
27. 2 eiend
25.2 21.0
25. 4 20. 1
25. 0 20. 8
24. 5 21.8
29. 8 23. 6
28. 8 Doak,
26. 9 22.7
Tee 22. 6
Zoao oilenal|
26. 6 2227
23852, 2222,
26. 3 21.9
27. 6 24. 2
26. 4 21.8
24.5 20.7
27.8 22.9
25.3 21.3
26. 5 21.8
ileal 22. 3
26. 6 22. 0
2 Ot 20. 6
28. 3 24. 2
24. 4 Die?
27. 0 22.9
28. 2 22.9
24. 5 23. 0
27. 6 22.2
25. 9 2208
30. 0 eed
24.9 24. 4
24. 4 21.0
24, 4 Zeno
27. 6 Die
27.8 2250
26. 2 22. 0
27. 8 21.0
28. 4 Pipe
21. 4 ZO
26. 0 19. 5
24. 0 23. 2
24.8 22.2
25. 0 20. 5
25. 0 20. 7
1 26. 685 122.19
231.1 294.4 |
321.4 819.5
3 Least.
Our figure of 70 of these (pl. 115) shows how constant they are in
characters.
I have taken 70 specimens at random to convey the idea
of the constancy of characters in the race caniceps, a constancy that
holds equally good in the case of the races of Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
aspersa, nigriceps, etc.
I call particular attention to this in order that
it be understood that I am not dealing with selected specimens but
with races of well-defined species.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 527
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) CANICEPS MINUTA Bartsch
Puate 114, Ficure 3
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps minuta Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 343.
Shell very small, elongate-conic. The first two nuclear whorls are
flesh-color, the next pale buff gradually shading into the darker
chestnut-brown ground color of the last turn. In addition the shell
is marked by rather irregular, small, retractively slanting, axial streaks
of pale greenish buff. These are almost threadlike, but near the
summit of the turns they are gathered together into broader areas,
which give to this portion of the shell the aspect of being falsely
toothed. The base of the last whorl is a little darker than the spire
and demarked definitely at the periphery. The interior of the aper-
ture is bluish white. The peristome is pale chocolate-brown with
a bluish flush. The inner lip is bluish white with the same chocolate-
brown edging. Nuclear whorls 3, the first smooth, the second show-
ing fine crenulations near the summit and the last showing the sculp-
ture of the postnuclear turns. The postnuclear whorls are very feebly
shouldered at the summit, moderately rounded, and marked by re-
tractively curved, very irregular, roughish incremental threads, which
pass over the periphery to the umbilicus of the last turn. The usual
crisscross microscopic lines show wherever there is sufficient smooth-
ness for it to become apparent. The aperture is broadly oval; the
outer lip expanded and reflected; inner lip also decidedly expanded at
its insertion and reflected over the umbilicus, which it almost covers.
The parietal wall is covered with a thin callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313560) was collected by von Méllendorff
at Mansalay, Mindoro. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: Length,
46 mm; greater diameter, 25.2 mm; lesser diameter, 20.7 mm.
Another specimen from the same source (U.S.N.M. no. 195431a)
has 6.1 whorls and measures: Length, 51.3 mm; greater diameter,
25.2 mm; lesser diameter, 21.2 mm.
This race is most nearly related to C. caniceps caniceps but differs
from it by its much smaller size and its little shaggier sculpture.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) NIGRICEPS Bartsch
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
vol. 22, p. 348.
Shell elongate-ovate, with the base of the last whorl rather produced.
The nuclear whorls are chocolate-brown; the postnuclear whorls are
covered with a rather strong periostracum, which is marked by irregu-
lar zones and fulgurations of yellowish straw-color and brown. The
interior of the aperture is bluish white. The expanded peristome is
brown, fading to the bluish white on its inner margin. There is a
528 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
faint peripheral brownish zone. The parietal callus is also marked
with a dark edge. Nuclear whorls 3, the first smooth, the last show-
ing the sculpture of the postnuclear whorls. The postnuclear whorls
are appressed at the summit, moderately rounded, and rendered
rather rough by irregularly developed and somewhat irregularly spaced
retractively curved incremental threads, which on the last whorl ex-
tend to the umbilical region. They are also marked by poorly ex-
pressed, fine spiral striations and the usual fine microscopic crisscross
incised lines that cut the lines of growth at right angles. The aperture
is broadly oval; the peristome is decidedly expanded and reflected,
that of the inner lip being broadly expanded at its insertion where it is
reflected over the umbilicus, which it almost covers. The parietal
wall is covered by a rather thick callus.
This species recalls strongly Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps, from
which it can at once be distinguished by its dark nuclear turns. So
far it is known from the eastern and southwestern coasts of Mindoro.
I am recognizing three races of it: Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps
nigriceps, from the region of Lake Naujan; C. (C.) n. nubifer, from
southwestern Mindoro; and C. (C.) n. obnubila from Binuangan,
northwestern Mindoro.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) NIGRICEPS
Ground color chocolate-brown.
Greater; diametersamore than sOunim_ = — 245-2224) so-so oh ee tb nubifer
Greater diametersess than’ 30) mm 42) = See Se De se nigriceps
Groaned es) realy Lye ci 5 la fo 100 ah a obnubila
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) NIGRICEPS NUBIFER Bartsch
PuaTe 113, Fiaure 1
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps nubifer Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 343.
Shell elongate-conic. All the nuclear whorls dark chocolate-brown.
The postnuclear whorls are chestnut-brown overlaid with a rather
thick periostracum, which is marked by fulgurations and cloudings of
soiled straw-color. The base is considerably darker than the space
between the summit and the periphery, the distinction between the
two being indicated by a sharp line. Interior of the aperture bluish
white; peristome chocolate-brown. The inner edge of the peristome
gradually fades into the color of the aperture. The inner portion of
the insertion of the columella is also light in tone, while the parietal
callus is dark-edged. Nuclear whorls almost 3, the first smooth, the
second one showing fine incremental lines, and the last one the rough
sculpture of the postnuclear turns. The postnuclear turns are slightly
rounded, appressed at the summit and marked by irregularly devel-
oped and spaced, retractively curved, threadlike incremental lines. In
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 529
addition to the axial sculpture, the whorls are marked by mere indi-
cations of obsolete spiral lines and the usual microscopic crisscross
sculpture. The aperture is broadly oval; peristome is broadly
expanded. The columella is reflected over and almost covers the
umbilical chink.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 195408) was coilected by von MoOllendorff
in southwestern Mindoro. It has 6.2 whorls and measures: Length,
63.6 mm; greates diameter, 32.2 mm; lesser diameter, 25.4 mm.
Six additional specimens without specific locality are referable here:
Two from the Redfield collection (U.S.N.M. no. 309414) have 6.3
and 6 whorls and measure: Length, 63.2 and 58.1 mm.; greater diam-
eter, 30.2 and 31.8 mm; lesser diameter, 24.1 and 25.3 mm, respec-
tively. Two others (U.S.N.M. no. 104347), collected by Lieutenant
Febiger, have 6 whorls each and measure: Length, 58.2 and 62.9
mm; greater diameter, 31.5 and 31.3 mm; lesser diameter, 24.3 and
24.9 mm, respectively. The last two (U.S.N.M. no. 315639) come
from the Evezard collection. They have 6 whorls and measure:
Length, 61.2 and 57 mm; greater diameter, 31.3 and 30.3 mm; lesser
diameter, 55 and 54.6 mm, respectively.
This subspecies is nearest related to Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps
nigriceps, from which it is distinguished by its larger size.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) NIGRICEPS NIGRICEPS Bartsch
PuaTe 113, Ficure 3
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps nigriceps Bartscu, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 348.
Shell elongate-ovate. The first half of the nuclear turns is pale
chocolate-color, the rest dark chocolate-color. The postnuclear
whorls are of a chocolate ground color, covered with a rather thiek
periostracum, which causes the surface of the shell to look axially
streaked with yellowish straw-color and brown retractively slanting
bands and fulgurations. There is a faint peripheral zone of brown
present, and the base is inclined to be slightly darker than the posterior
portion of the last whorl. The aperture is bluish white within, gradually
changing to chocolate-brown on the expanded peristome. This brown
coloration also extends over the edge of the parietal callus. The first
nuclear whorl is well rounded and smooth, the next one shows the
beginning of the lines of growth, and the third and last one is sculptured
like the postnuclear turns. The postnuclear turns are moderately
rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked by retractively
curved, irregularly developed and irregularly spaced, somewhat
threadlike, axial lines of growth, which are retractively curved.
These extend over the base into the umbilical chink on the last whorl.
In addition there are fine, poorly expressed, spiral striations and the
1185—38——11
530 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
crisscross sculpture referred to in the description of the species. The
aperture is broadly oval; the peristome is strongly expanded reflected,
particularly so in the anterior portion of the outer lip and also at the
insertion of the columella where it is reflected over the umbilicus which
it almost covers. The parietal callus is rather heavy.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313716) was collected at Lake Naujan
Mindoro, by the Menage Expedition. It has 6.5 whorls and measures:
Length, 62.8 mm; greater diameter, 28.8 mm; lesser diameter, 22.7
mm.
Ten additional specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 313717) from the type
locality yield the following data:
Greater di- | Lesser di-
Number of whorls Length austes aanntat
22. 4
.3 0
G 4
od 3
wef. 5
. 8 8
.0 5
.3 8
. 8 0
ul 0
. 0 1
Two specimens (U.S.N.M. no. 195431) from Mansalay Bay yield
the following data: Number of whorls, 6.1 and 5.9; length, 56.3 and
54 mm, greater diameter, 28.8 and 27.4 mm; lesser diameter, 23.3 and
21.5 mm, respectively.
This subspecies is nearest related to Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps
nubifer, from which it is distinguished by its lesser size.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) NIGRICEPS OBNUBILA Bartsch
PuaTE 1138, Figure 2
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps obnubila Barrscx, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 343.
Shell elongate-ovate. The nuclear whorls are very dark chocolate-
brown. The first postnuclear whorl is intermediate in ground color
between this and the rest of the postnuclear whorls, which are dark
chestnut-brown. The postnuclear whorls are covered with a thin
periostracum, which is irregularly banded, blotched, spotted, and
clouded with hydrophanous markings of buff. The interior of the
aperture is pale blue; the expanded peristome is bright blue, which is
also the color of the outer columellar edge, the inner corresponding
with the interior of the aperture. Nuclear whorls 3, the early ones
showing incremental lines, the later ones the postnuclear sculpture.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 531
The postnuclear whorls are rather high between summit and suture, -
appressed at the summit, very slightly rounded, and marked by re-
tractively slanting incremental lines, which are almost threads and
which are of varying width. In addition the postnuclear whorls are
marked on both spire and base by fine spiral striations and the usual
crisscross sculpture. The suture is moderately constricted. The
periphery is obsoletely angulated. There is no dark zone differen-
tiating the base from the spire. The base is produced, well rounded;
aperture oval; the outer lip broadly expanded and reflected. The
columella is likewise rather broadly expanded at its insertion and re-
flected to leave only a narrow umbilical chink.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313718), collected by Mr. de Mesa at
Binuangan, Municipality of Paluan, northwest Mindoro, has 6.4
whorls and measures: Length, 61.7 mm; greater diameter, 29.8 mm;
lesser diameter, 24.6 mm.
Two topotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 313719) from the same source yield
the following measurements: 6.2 and 5 whorls; length, 60.2 and 55.2
mm; greater diameter, 29.7 and 26.2 mm; lesser diameter, 24.5 and
21.8 mm, respectively.
This subspecies is readily distinguished from the others by having
the ground color blackish brown, therefore much darker than the
other two subspecies. Also, the hydrophanous clouding is lighter and
much more pronounced.
COCHLOSTYLA (CHRYSALLIS) PERTURBATOR Bartsch
PuaTE 114, Ficurs 4
1932. Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) perturbator Bartscu, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., vol. 22, p. 343.
1933. Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroensis ilogana CLENCH and ARCHER, Papers
Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, vol. 17, p. 545, pl. 58, fig. 4 (not ilogana
Bartsch, 1932).
The shell is of medium size, ovate. The early nuclear whorls are
white; the later and the early postnuclear whorls are buff with a
slender brownish line near the summit. The next to the last whorl is
pale chestnut-color, while the last one has almost a blackish-brown
ground color. The postnuclear whorls are covered with a moderately
thick periostracum, which is crossed by hydrophanous bands, cloud-
ings, or fulgurations of olivaceous-buff between which the ground
color shines through. On the last turn in most of our specimens the
hydrophanous portion is almost complete. The interior of the aper-
ture is pale blue. The expanded peristome is chocolate-brown with
an iridescent flush. This is also the color of the outer portion of the
expanded inner lip, the inner portion coinciding with the color scheme
of the interior of the aperture. Nuclear whorls 3.2, the first smooth,
532 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
the succeeding marked by lines of growth, which gradually become
intensified on the remaining whorls until they reach the strength of the
postnuclear sculpture. The later turns are also marked by micro-
scopic fine spiral striations. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and
moderately rounded, appressed at the summit and crossed by nu-
merous, closely spaced, almost threadlike, retractively curved, lines
of growth, which extend over both spire and base. In addition the
entire shell is marked with numerous microscopic, closely spaced,
incised spiral lines and the usual fine crisscross sculpture. The aper-
ture is broadly oval; the outer lip is decidedly expanded and re-
flected; the columella is also expanded and reflected to form a moder-
ately large umbilcus. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus.
The type (U.S.N.M. no. 313720), collected by Pedro de Mesa at
Tara, Abra de Ilog, Mindoro, has 6.5 whorls and measures: Length,
55.2 mm; greater diameter, 31.6 mm; lesser diameter, 26.3 mm.
U.S.N.M. no. 313663 contains 23 topotypes, which yield the fol-
lowing data:
Greater Lesser
Number of whorls diameter diameter
KH POWWOWWHEOIPPODNOOCWORAONHN
ee
oo
. 0
mol
E20
.o
net
. 0
-9
. 8
one
mtd
. 6
. 2
no
.O
. 4
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Ai!)
.0
. 6
.6
4
. 2
. 2
. 0
Work
1 Average. 1 Greatest. 3 Least.
COCHLOSTYLA OF MINDORO PROVINCE 533
U.S.N.M. no. 313660 contains 14 specimens also collected by
Pedro de Mesa at Anduyanan, Paluan, Mindoro, which yield the
following measurements:
Number of whorls Length Geet. Ane
Mm Mm Mm
O22 Sas 3 eee ods 30. 9 25.
Gib e See ee eI 58. 0 Send, 25. 0
GO ee Re RE Ew eae 52. 2 28. 7 23. 9
Cp aey doh s aihig Pencil ta 59. 3 31. 4 25.2
Gs Eee ren a eal 30. 6 25. 0
GHIpR ee ee ca 54. 0 31.5 26. 0
Gi ee ee dao 32.3 265
Gee ie e a 52. 3 29. 0 23. 9
Gee ae eS 52. 6 30. 2 23. 5
epee ie Sf tS 56. 6 28. 7 24. 5
Gs 2meeeereee mes ee RT sao 26. 8
COLOR See wee 51.0 30. 3 24. 9
OW tS ah ye 52. 5 Zoot 23. 9
C0) os er Soa 29. 7 24. 5
GS 2s) teary SE ase 154, 28 130. 5 124, 93
Orewa ees ee eee 259. 3 233. 3 226. 8
ClO Se ee nee 851.0 328. 7 52380
1 Average. 3 Greatest. 3 Least.
These agree so completely in every way with the specimen from
Tara that I am wondering if a mistake may not have been made
in their labeling. It is an extremely unusual state of affairs.
The ovate form, pale tip, exceedingly heavy periostracum, as well
as the detail of color pattern, differentiate this species from the other
Cochlostylas of Mindoro.
O
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a ee Goat pdor
, ie nt potalansitib ee
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 94
1-3, Cochlostyla (Corasia) aegrota (Reeve); 4-7, C. (Calocochlea) melanocheila (Ffeifter’: 8-10, C. (C.) perpallida
’
Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 95
el
1-6, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana lutea (Pfeiffer); 7-9, C. (C.) r. subatra Pilsbry; 10-12, C. (C.) r. bartschi
Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART.9 PL. 96
1-3, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana manlaysa Bartsch; 4-6, C.(C.) r. /aymansa Bartsch; 7-9, C. (C.) r. roissyana
(Férussac); 10-12, C. (C.) r. cavitala Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 97
at.
1-3, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) gertrudis M@éllendorff, Kobelt, and Winter; 4-6, C. (Halocochlea) lillianae
Bartsch; 7-9, C. (Helicostyla) dimera (Jonas); 10-12, C. (EH.) fulgens johnsoni Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 98
1-3, Cochlostyla (Ilelicostyla) fulgens sapolana Bartsch; 4-12, C. (/7.) f. fulgens (Sowerby).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 99
1, Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) hydrophana hydrophana (Sowerby); 2, C. (Cochlodryas) florida signa Bartsch; 3,
C. (Cochlostyla) hydrophana varaderoana Bartsch: 4, C. (Cochlodryas) florida helicoides (Pfeiffer); 5, C.
(C.) fastidiosa Bartsch; 6, C. (C.) orbitula (Sowerby); 7, 8, C. (C.) mateoi mateoi Bartsch: 9, C. (C.) m.
sibolonensis Bartsch; 10, C. (C.) florida fuscolabiata MOllendorff, Kobelt, and Winter: 11, C. (C.) f. aureola
Bartsch; 12, C. (C.) f. florida (Broderip).
BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 100
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
1, 2, Cochlostyla (Helicobulinus) turbo (Pfeiffer); 3, C. (Orthostylus) euconica Bartsch; 4, 5, C. (Cochlodryas)
decora (Adams and Reeve); 6-8, C. (Steatodryas) cepoides (Lea).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 101
1, Cochlostyla (ITypselostyla) cincinniformis menagei Bartsch; 2, C. (H.) c. ultima (Clench and Archer);
3, C. (H1.) c. guntingana Bartsch; 4, C. (Hudorus) albina (Grateloup); 5, C. (H.) c. lwbanensis (Clench and
Archer); 6, C. (.) simpler (Jonas); 7, C. (E.) jonasi (Pfeiffer); 8, C. (2.) canonizadoi Bartsch; 9, C. (E.)
buschi (Pfeiffer); 10, C. (1.) cincinniformis cabrasensis Bartsch; 11, C. (H.) c. demesana (Clench and
Archer); 12, C. (11.) c. cincinniformis (Sowerby).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUELE GIN 1003 VOLE. 6, (PART 9 PE 102
9
Copies of figures of shells upon which specific names were based and herein referred to Cochlostula (Prochilus)
virgata (Jay) (for detailed reference see pp. 458-459): 1, Bulinus sylvanus Broderip, Cochlostyla (Prochilus)
pulchrior Pilsbry; 2, Cochlostyla (Prochilus) pulchrior Pilsbry; 3, Bulimus porraceus Jay; 4, Bulimus
virgatus Jay; 5, Bulinus sylvuanus Broderip; 6, Bulinus labrella Grateloup; 7, Cochlostyla sylvanoides
Semper; 8, Bulimus calobaptus Jonas; 9, Bulinus sylvuanus Broderip; 10-12, Bulinus dryas Broderip.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100), VOL. 6, PART 9 PE: 103
9 10
Mutations of Cochlostyla (Prochilus) virgata (Jay).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 104
Mutations of Cochlostyla (Prochilus) virgata (Jay).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 105
*
.
a
a
9 10 11
Mutations of Cochlostyla (Prochilus) virgata (Jay).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 106
Range of variation in Cochlostyla (Prochilus) partuloides (Broderip).
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 107
1, Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis fictilis (Broderip) (copied from Sowerby); 2, C. (P.) f. cagurana Bartsch;
3, C. (P.) f. ambulonensis Bartsch; 4, C. (P.) f. fictilis (Broderip) (copied from Sowerby); 5, C. (P.) cuy-
oensis contracta MOllendorft; 6, 7, C. (P.) fictilis fulvua Bartsch; 8, C. (P.) cuyoensis subpallida Bartsch, 9,
C. (P.) cerina Bartsch; 10, C. (P.) fictilis larvata (Broderip) (copied from Sowerby); 11-16, C. (P.) sp.?
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 108
4 6
1, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis fuscata Bartsch; 2, C. (C.) ¢c. villosa Bartsch; 3, C. (C.)_c. enodosa
Bartsch; 4, C. (C.) c. rarior Bartsch; 5, C. (C.) c. chrysalidiformis (Sowerby); 6, C. (C.) c. macra Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 109
1, 2, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) electrica mangarina Bartsch; 3, C. (C.) e. bulalacaoana Bartsch; 4. C. (C.) petiti
Bartsch; 5, C. (C.) electrica electrica (Reeve) (copied from Reeve); 6, C. (C.) jayi jayi Bartsch; 7, C. (C.)
j. camorongana Bartsch; 8, C. (C.) j. perpusilla Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 119
(C.) palliobasis Bartsch;
.) rollei rollei Moéllendortt;
1, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei verator Bartsch; 2, C.(C.) r. nigra Bartsch; 3, C.
4, C. (C.) lichenifer avittata Bartsch; 5, C. (C.) L. lichenifer (Mérch); 6, C. (C
7, C.(C.) r. osborni Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEETIN 100%) VOLS 6) PART oss rle itt
1, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) antoni antoni Semper; 2, C. (C.) a. macilenta Bartsch; 3, C. (C.) roseolabra rosea
Bertsch 4, C. (C.) r. roseolabra Bartsch; 5, C. (C.) albolabris robusta Bartsch; 6, C. (C.) a. albolabris
artsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUMEERIN 100M VOENS, PART ’S) (Py iia
1, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa aspersa (Grateloup); 2, C. (C.) a. juani Bartsch; 3, C. (C.) a. aspersa
(copy); 4, C. (C.) a. melanogaster (Moreh); 5, C. (C.) a. binuangana Bartsch; 6, C. (C.) a. mindoroensis
(Broderip) (copy); 7, C. (C.) a. lunai Bartsch; 8, C. (C.) a. mindoroensis.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART 9 PL. 113
1, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps nubifer Bartsch; 2, C. (C.) n. obnubila Bartsch; 3, C. (C.) n. nigriceps
Bartsch; 4, ©. (C.) aspersa wagneri (Grateloup); 5, C. (C.) a. calavitana Bartsch; 6, C. (C.) a. edgari
Bartsch; 7, C. (C.) a. wagneri (copy); 8, C. (C.) a. ilogana Bartsch.
U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUPEEMINMCOy VOLES Gc PART 9 RIE ii
1, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps demesai Bartsch; 2, C. (C.) c. contracostana Bartsch; 3, C. (C.) c. minuta
Bartsch; 4, C. (C.) perturbator Bartsch; 5, C. (C.) caniceps caniceps Bartsch; 6, C. (C.) c. conica Bartsch;
7, C.(C.) c. maita Bartsch.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEE RIN 100) VOE NG. JPART oo Eis,
Seventy specimens of Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps caniceps Bartsch taken at random to show constancy
of characters.
116
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BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6,
NATIONAL MUSEUM
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From the same chart as Plate 116.
INDEX
aberrans, Dictyocladium, 195, 199, 214, | Actinoptychus biseptinarius, 15.
241
abjecta, Biddulphia, 33, 177.
abrupta, Navicula, 94.
Acanthella effusa, 199, 229, 241.
Acavus (Tachea) decorus, 430.
Achatina cincinniformis, 440.
Achnanthes, 10, 11, 60, 148, 175.
baldjikii, 12.
brevipes, 11.
cocconeiformis, 10, 176.
compacta, 10, 176.
erenulata, 11.
danica, 12.
exigua, 12.
flahaulti, 11.
heteromorpha, 11, 60.
hexagona, 11.
inflata, 11.
lanceolata, 11.
longipes, 10, 11.
pennaeformis, 175.
subsessilis, 11.
tenuistauros, 11, 176.
ventricosa, 11.
Achnanthidium danicum, 12.
javanica, 12.
achnanthioides, Mastogloia, 87, 178.
Achnathes mammalis, 61.
Acoetes magnifica, 315.
Acoetidae, 186.
acrosphaeria, Navicula, 94.
Acryptolaria, 210.
normani, 199, 208, 209, 241.
pulchella, 199, 210.
Actinocyclus, 12, 13, 58, 70, 146, 175.
bipartitus, 12, 176.
curvatulus, 12.
decussatus, 12, 176.
ehrenbergii, 165.
nebulosus, 12, 18.
obscurus, 138.
pruinosus, 13.
punctulatus, 12, 13.
rotula, 13.
sparsus, 12, 13.
splendens, 13.
stictodiscus, 13, 146.
subtilis, 13.
Actinodiscus, 13, 29, 79.
barbadensis, 14.
grayli, 14.
horologium, 29.
schleinitzii, 13.
Actinoptychus, 13, 14.
amblyceros, 14.
annulatus, 14, 15.
areolatus, 14.
116415—39—2
hexagonus, 14.
hispidus, 14.
janischii, 14.
laevigatus, 15.
moelleri, 15.
parvus, 15, 176.
splendens, 15.
subangulatus, 15.
tenarius, 15.
trilingulatus, 14, 15.
undulatus, 14, 15.
aculeata, Stephanopyxis, 145,
acus, Glyphodesmis, 78, 178.
Pleurosigma, 132, i8l.
acutispina, Histocidaris, 247, 248-249
(fig.), 307, 310.
adeei, Anisodiscus, 28a leGe
admirabilis, Stoschia, 70, 150, 151.
adonis, Navicula, 122.
adornatus, Campylodiscus, 8, 48.
adriatica, Podocystis, 140.
adriaticum, Rhabdonema, 141.
adriaticus, Campylodiscus, 48.
adspersa, Chrysallis, 505.
aegrota, Cochlostyla, 380, 381.
Cochlostyla (Corasia), 380.
Corasia, 380.
Helicostyla, 381.
Helix, 380, 381.
Helix (Corasia), 380.
aestiva, Navicula, 94, 106, 120, 121.
affine, Chaetoceros, 56.
Pleurosigma, 133, 136.
affinis, Stictodiscus, 149.
affirmata, Mastogloia, 87.
Navicula, 92.
africanus, Coscinodiscus, 64.
Aglaophenia, 226, 231, 237.
calycifera, 199, 231, 237.
cupressina, 231.
divaricata, 199, 232.
macgillivrayi, 199, 231.
mccoyi, 232.
philippina, 235.
phoeniceus, 233.
ramosa, 232.
(Lytocarpia) secunda, 234.
triramosa, 199, 219, 232, 242.
urens, 199, 232, 235.
Aglaopheninae, 197.
aglaophenoides, Plumularia, 199, 222,
224, 241.
alampe, Cochlostyla virgata, 457.
alata, Amphora, 8, 17.
Nitzschia, 125, 126.
albersi, Bulimus, 448.
Cochlodryas, 448.
535
536
albifrons, Mastogloia, 90.
albina, Cochlostyla, 451.
Cochlostyla (Eudoxus), 451.
albinus, Bulimus, 451.
albolabris, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 492,
493
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) albolabris,
493, 494.
Alloioneis, 94.
grundleri, 105.
Allonitzschia, 16.
munifica, 16, 176.
alternata, Amphora, 18, 176.
ambigua, Navicula, 89.
ambiguus, Campylodiscus, 48, 52.
amblyceros, Actinoptychus, 14.
ambulonensis, Cochlostyla (Prochilus)
fictilis, 467, 468.
americana, Podocystis, 140.
americanum, Syringidium, 160.
amoenus, Aulacodiscus, 32.
Ampelita, 378.
amphiceros, Rhaphoneis, 142.
Amphidromus, 378, 500.
calobapta, 456.
calobaptus, 456.
cincinniformis, 440, 441.
quadrasi, 500.
versicolor, 500.
virgatus, 456.
Amphipentas, 34, 165.
campechiana, 34.
godeffroyi, 34.
quinquelobata, 34.
Amphiprora, 16, 17, 26, 173.
limpida, 16, 176.
membranacea, 173.
o’swaldii, 17, 176.
paludosa, 17.
pelagica, 17.
plicata, 17.
temperei, 17.
Amphitetras, 34, 165.
graeffeiana, 164.
Amphora, 2, 17, 20, 26.
alata, 8, 17.
alternata, 18, 176.
anceps, 18, 176.
angusta, 18, 21.
arcuata, 18.
arenaria, 19.
areolata, 27.
biconvexa, 19.
bigibba, 19.
camelus, 19, 28.
clara, 19.
clathrata, 19, 176.
compacta, 19, 176.
corpulenta, 18, 20.
costata, 20, 21.
crassa, 8, 20.
crassa campechiana, 7, 20.
cucumeris, 20, 176.
eymbelloides, 18.
cymbifera, 20, 21.
delphinia, 22.
dichotoma, 21, 176.
diducta, 21.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Amphora dorsalis, 28.
dromas, 19.
dura, 22, 176.
egregia, 8, 19, 22.
erebi, 21.
exsecta, 8, 22.
flexa, 22, 176.
formosa, 8, 23.
furcata, 8, 23.
fusca, 8, 23.
gibba, 8, 23.
gigantea, 8, 23.
graeffei, 23.
grevilleana, 23.
grundleri, 8, 23.
henshawii, 23, 176.
honshuensis, 25.
hyalina, 24.
inflata, 8, 24.
interrupta, 24.
intersecta, 24, 176.
labuensis, 27.
lineata, 24.
lineata constricta, 24.
lunaris, 24, 176.
magnifica, 25, 176.
milesiana, 25.
monilifera, 25.
nodosa, 25, 176.
obesa, 25.
obtusa, 22, 25.
obtusa oceanica, 25.
ocellata, 25.
ocellata cingulata, 25.
oculus, 25.
ostrearia vitrea, 25.
ovalis, 25.
pauca, 25, 176.
pecten, 26.
pellucida, 27.
permagna, 26.
philippinica, 24.
polyzonata, 26.
praevalida, 19, 26.
prismatica, 26.
proteus, 26, 27.
pulchra, 26, 176.
recessa, 27, 176.
rectangularis, 27.
rhombica, 27.
sarniensis, 28.
scabriuscula, 22.
scalaris, 26.
schmidtii, 8, 27.
sima, 27, 176.
sinuata, 28.
spectabilis, 21, 23.
spectabilsi, 6.
terroris, 21.
tetragibba, 28.
tumulifer, 28, 176.
turgida, 28.
virgata, 24.
weissflogii, 28.
Amphoropsis, 173.
anceps, Amphora, 18, 176.
Campylodiscus, 49, 158.
Stictodiscus, 166.
INDEX
Angara, Antonio, 375.
angulata, Mastogloia, 87.
angulatum, Pleurosigma,
136, 187, 139.
angulatus, Pseudo-Stictodiscus, 168.
angulosa, Navicula, 94.
angusta, Amphora, 18, 21.
angustata, Fragilaria, 77.
Anisodiscus, 28.
adeei, 28, 176.
Annelids, polychaetous, 183, 313.
Annulariidae, 323
annulatum, Triceratium, 14.
annulatus, Actinoptychus, 14, 15.
annulifera, Cidaris, 257.
Cidarites, 259.
Leiocidaris pistillaris, 257.
Phyllacanthus, 257, 258.
see baculosa, 257, 259,
307.
annulosa, Stylocidaris, 294 (fig.), 296,
298 (fig.), 308-310, 312.
annulus, Hyalodiscus, 83, 178.
antarcticum, Trigonium, 164.
Antennella biarmata, 199, 226, 241.
recta, 199, 227, 241.
Antennopsis, 228, 230.
pacifica, 199, 228, 241.
antillarum, Biddulphia, 8, 34.
Navicula, 94.
Plagiogramma, 129, 181.
Sean Cochlostyla rufogaster, 332-
9, 132-134,
Antomma, 197.
antoni(i), Cochlostyla, 495, 496.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 494, 495.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) antoni,
495, 496.
537
areolatum, Triceratium, 40.
areolatus, Actinoptychus, 14.
Asteromphalus, 30, 176.
argus, Campyloneis, 55.
Hyalodiscus, 83.
Stictodiscus, 149.
armata, Stechowia, 199, 230, 242.
armatum, Triceratium, 46,
aspera, Navicula, 95.
Orthosira, 90.
aspersa, Bulimus, 501, 504.
Cochlostyla, 505.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 501, 503,
504, 526.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa,
503, 504, 514.
aspersus, Bulimus, 504, 505.
Hyalodiscus, 83, 178.
assimilis, Schizocidaris, 276, 279, 280.
Asterolampra, 29.
marylandica, 29.
princeps, 29.
van huerckii, 29.
asteromphalus, Coscinodiscus, 65, 95.
Asteromphalus, 29.
arachne, 29.
areolatus, 30, 176.
beaumontii, 30.
brookei, 30.
elegans, 30.
hiltonianus, 30.
reticulatus, 30.
robustus, 30.
roperianus, 30.
asymmetrica, Plumularia, 226.
atomus, Plagiogramma, 130.
attenuatum, Eudendrium, 202.
Plagiogramma, 129, 181,
Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis, 495. |} Aulacodiscus, 9, 14, 31, 40.
Helicostyla chrysalidiformis, 495.
aopta, eee (Calocochlea), 381,
5
Helicostyla (Calocochlea), 385.
Aphroditidae, 183
apiae, Surirella, 155.
apiculata, Cocconeis, 60, 61.
Pinnularia, 103.
Stauroneis, 61.
apollinis, Coscinodiscus, 64.
Aporocidaris, 244, 283, 285.
appendiculata, Stephanopyxis, 145.
approximata, Navicula, 7, 8, 94, 104.
Tropidoneis, 173.
approximatum, Plagiogramma, 129, 131.
arachne, Asteromphalus, 29.
Arachnoidiscus, 9, 29, 146, 168.
ehrenbergii, 29.
arctica, Biddulphia balaena, 166.
Navicula, 96.
arcticum, Trigonium, 34, 161, 164, 166,
169, 171.
arctium, Trigonium, 161.
arcuata, Amphora, 18.
Euodia, 80.
arcuatum, Rhabdonema, 141.
Ardissonia, 159, 160.
arenaria, Amphora, 19.
areolata, Amphora, 27.
amoenus, 32.
kinkeri, 31.
kittonii, 40.
macraeanus, 31.
margaritaceus, 31.
oregonus, 31.
oregonus sparsus-punctata, 31.
orientalis, 31.
pretiosus, 31, 176.
recedens, 31, 176.
voluta coeli, 31.
Auliscus, 32, 43.
caelatus, 32.
caelatus delicatula, 32.
caelatus latecostata, 7, 32.
compositus, 32.
hardmanianus, 32.
oamaruensis madagascarensis, 32.
philippinarum, 32, 176.
quadratus, 33, 177.
reticulatus, 33.
schmidtii, 33.
stockhardtii, 33.
aureola, Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) flor-
ida, 411, 414.
Auricula, 26, 33, 173.
insecta, 33.
japonica, 33.
ostrea, 33.
538 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
auriculata, Helix, 345, 361.
aurita, Biddulphia, 34.
australica, Podocystis, 140.
australis, Omphalopsis, 129.
Stictodesmis, 147.
avittata, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) lichen-
ifer, 480, 481.
bacteriastrum, Chaetoceros, 57.
Bacteriastrum, 55, 57.
furcatum, 58.
hyalinum, 57.
varians, 56, 57.
varians princeps, 57.
wallichii, 57.
baculosa, Cidaris (Cidaris), 257.
Prionocidaris, 258.
balaena, Biddulphia, 34, 81.
Trigonium, 34, 161, 170.
baldjikii, Achnanthes, 12.
balearica, Biddulphia, 34.
balei, Lytocarpus, 199, 236.
Thecocarpus, 199, 236, 242.
balticum, Pleurosigma, 132, 133, 138.
banahaoana, Cochlostyla rufogaster,
336.
barbadense, Skeletonema, 145.
barbadensis, Actinodiscus, 14.
Heibergia, 166.
barbitos, Navicula, 95.
barthelowi, Obba gallinula, 343.
bartholomei, Navicula, 100.
Bartsch, Paul, on Cochlostyla rufogaster
and Obba marmorata and their
races, 329.
on Cochlostyla of Mindoro Prov-
ince, 373.
on land shells of the genus Obba
from Mindoro Province, 343.
on land shells of the genus Opis-
thoporus, 323.
bartschi, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) rois-
syana, 387, 388, 393.
Helicostyla (Calocochlea) roissyana,
388
beaumontii, Asteromphalus, 30.
belgica, Navicula, 123.
bellus, Campylodiscus, 49.
benguetana, Cochlostyla rufogaster, 330.
Obba marmorata, 338, 339.
bertillonii, Surirella, 151, 181.
beyrichiana, Navicula, 95.
biangulatus, Campylodiscus, 49.
Coscinodiscus, 65, 95.
biarmata, Antennella, 199, 226, 241.
biciliatus, Opisthoporus, 323, 327.
biclavata, Navicula, 95.
biconvexa, Amphora, 19.
bicorne, Triceratium, 38.
bicornis, Biddulphia, 34.
bicoronatum, Stictodiscus, 167.
Trigonium, 149, 161, 165, 169, 182.
bicoronatus, Stictodiscus, 166-168.
Biddulphia, 2, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 44,
81, 161, 164, 168, 171.
abjecta, 33, 177.
antillarum, 8, 34.
aurita, 34.
balaena, 34, 81.
Biddulphia balaena arctica, 166.
balearica, 34.
bicornis, 34.
birostrum, 34.
broeckii, 35.
(Triceratium) broeckii, 38.
brookei, 35.
campechiana, 8, 35.
castellifera, 35.
chinensis, 42.
cingulata, 35, 36, 177.
concava, 35.
consimilis, 36.
cornigera, 36, 39, 177.
cornuta, 37.
culcitella, 37.
cuspidata, 37.
cycloides, 37, 177.
discursa, 37, 177.
distincta, 38.
dubia, 38.
elegans, 8.
exacta, 38, 177.
expedita, 36, 39.
favus, 37-39, 46, 165.
fimbriata, 39.
fractosa, 39, 177.
gemina, 40.
gibbosa, 40.
grundleri, 40.
grunowiana, 40.
heteroceros, 40, 44.
impressa, 40.
indica, 41.
(Triceratium) inelegans, 42.
informis, 41, 177.
insignis, 41.
interrupta, 44.
inversa, 41, 177.
japonica, 35.
juncatensis, 7, 42.
juncta, 42.
madagascarensis, 42.
membranacea, 42,
mobiliensis, 42.
oamaruensis, 36.
papillata, 43.
pentacrinus, 43, 45.
pentecrinus, 8.
petitiana, 43, 177.
petitii, 48, 44, 177.
polymorpha, 58.
pulchella, 44, 80, 81.
punctata, 44, 48.
pygmaea, 44.
radiata, 44.
reticulata, 38, 45.
reticulata subspinosa, 45.
retiformis, 45, 177.
robertsiana, 45.
roperiana, 45.
rudis, 45, 177.
schmidtii, 46.
scitula, 8, 39, 46.
(Triceratium) scitula, 35.
(Triceratium) scitulum, 38.
secedens, 46.
setigera, 46.
INDEX
Biddulphia spinulosa, 46.
stokesiana, 46.
tabellaria, 46.
(Triceratium) tabellarium, 39.
temperei, 46.
titiana, 170
tripos, 46.
trisinua, 47, 177.
tumescens, 47.
tuomeyi, 47.
turgida, 47.
turrigera, 47, 177.
undulosa, 48, 177.
Biddulphiae, 36, 40.
biformis, Navicula, 95, 179.
bigemmata, Navicula, 95, 107, 179.
bigibba, Amphora, 19.
biharensis, Navicula inhalata, 107.
bilateralis, Campylodiscus, 49, 177.
bilineata, Rhaphoneis, 142.
bilineatum, Dimeregramma, 73, 142,
178.
binuangana, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
aspersa, 502, 503, 515.
bipartitus, Actinocyclus, 12, 176.
birostrum, Biddulphia, 34.
bisculpta, Nitzschia, 125, 180.
biseptinarius, Actinoptychus, 15.
biseriata, Caloneis, 109.
Diploneis, 109, 110.
Melosira, 93.
Navicula, 109, 110.
bispinosa, Cidaris (Stephanocidaris), 258.
Leiocidaris, 258.
Prionocidaris, 258, 307.
Rhabdocidaris, 258.
Stephanocidaris, 259.
bleischiana, Navicula, 96.
bleischii, Navicula, 96.
bolinaoana, Obba marmorata, 338, 339.
bomboides, Navicula, 96.
bongabona, Obba planulata, 361, 364,
367.
boreale, Chaetoceros, 56.
borealis, Diploneis, 106.
bottnica, Navicula, 110.
Bourns, Frank §., 375.
bracteata, Stylocidaris, 258.
branchiata, Navicula, 96, 179.
Onuphis, 313, 317, 318 (fig.).
Branchiocerianthus imperator, 198, 200.
brasiliensis, Navicula, 97.
Brebissonia, 71.
weisflogii, 119.
brevipes, Achnanthes, 11.
brevispina, Hercotheca, 82.
brightwellii, Campylodiscus, 49, 51, 52.
Ditylum, 74.
Broderip, W. J., 374.
broeckii, Biddulphia, 35.
broeckii, Biddulphia (Triceratium), 38.
brookei, Asteromphalus, 30.
Biddulphia, 35.
browneanus, Campylodiscus, 49, 53, 54.
brunii, Stephanopyxis, 145.
brunnea, Helix, 382.
bukensis, Nitzschia, 126.
539
bulalacaoana, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
electrica, 483, 485.
Bulimus, 378, 459.
albersi, 448.
albinus, 451.
aspersa, 501, 504.
aspersus, 504, 505.
aspersus wagneri, 512.
bullula, 451.
(Eudoxus) bullula, 451.
cailliaudi, 487.
calobapta, 456.
calobaptus, 456, 459, 465.
chrysalidiformis, 470, 477.
(Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis, 470.
cincinniformis, 440, 441, 444.
cuyoensis, 456.
dryas, 456, 487.
(Amphidromus) dryas, 456.
electricus, 481, 483.
florida, 411.
floridus, 411, 416.
helicoides, 416.
hydrophana, 409.
(Orthostylus) hydrophana, 409.
hydrophanus, 409
jonasi, 446.
labrella, 455.
leai, 446, 447.
lichenifer, 481,
Teor De 501, 505, 508, 510,
512.
monozonus, 332, 333.
orbitula, 418.
pan, 462.
partuloides, 462.
(Amphidromus) partuloides, 462.
porraceus, 455, 458.
rufogaster, 331, 334, 335.
rufogastra, 335.
simplex, 449, 450.
solidus, 398.
sylvanus, 456, 487.
(Orthostylus) turbo, 433.
ustulatus, 476, 477.
virgata, 481.
virgatus, 455, 456, 459.
(Amphidromus) virgatus, 456.
wagneri, 501, 512.
Bulinus bullula, 451.
chrysalidiformis, 470.
chrysalidiformis var. a and b, 477.
chrysalidiformis var. d, 473.
dryas, 455, 459.
mindoroensis, 501, 505, 508, 510,
512.
mindoroensis var. k, 483.
partuloides, 462.
sylvanus, 455, 458.
virgatus, 455.
bullata, Navicula, 97, 101.
bullatus, Coscinodiscus, 70.
bullula, Bulimus, 451.
Bulimus (Eudoxus), 451.
Bulinus, 451.
Cochlostyla, 451.
Eudoxus, 451.
540 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
buschi, Cochlostyla, 448.
Cochlostyla (Hudoxus), 448.
Eudoxus, 448.
Helicostyla, 448.
Helix, 448.
buskii, Plumularia, 199, 221.
campechiana, Navicula californica, 7, 97.
Nitzschia, 8, 125, 126, 128, 130.
campoensis, Obba listeri, 345, 347, 349,
351.
campylodiscus, Navicula, 8, 97.
Campylodiscus, 2, 48, 50, 156, 158.
busuangensis, Opisthoporus quadrasi,
325.
caballeroi, Secallia, 81, 144, 178.
cabrasensis, Cochlostyla (Hypselostyla)
cincinniformis, 436,
Cochlostyla ee elcestaa cin-
cinniformis, 444.
caeca, Navicula, 97, 179.
caelatum, Trigonium, 162.
caelatus, Auliscus, 32.
cagurana, Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fic-
tilis, 467, 468.
cagurayana, Obba planulata, 361, 362,
370, 371.
cailliaudi, Bulimus, 487.
Cochlostyla, 487.
Cochlostyla electrica, 487.
Helicostyla mindoroensis, 487.
calavitana, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) as-
persa, 502, 503, 518.
calawaganensis, Helicostyla chrysalidi-
formis, 497.
californica, Navicula, 97, 98, 109.
californicus, Stictodiscus, 149, 150, 163,
181
caliginosa, Navicula, 100.
Callicochlias melanocheila, 382.
calobapta, Amphidromus, 456.
Bulimus, 456.
Cochlostyla, 456, 457.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 457.
Helicostyla, 457.
Prochilus, 457.
calobaptus, Amphidromus, 456.
Bulimus, 456, 459, 465.
Cochlostyla, 465.
Prochilus, 456.
Calocochlea, 388.
Calocochlea (subgenus), 381.
Caloneis, 124.
biseriata, 109.
mexicana, 110.
caloocana, Obba listeri, 345, 353, 354.
Calvinia mirabilis, 230.
Calycella fastigiata, 205.
plicatilis, 204.
calycifera, Aglaophenia, 199, 231, 237.
camarata, Plumularia, 199, 225, 241.
camelus, Amphora, 19, 28.
camorongana, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
jayi, 476, 479
Campanularia, 203.
fastigiata, 205.
marginata, 203, 211.
rufa, 210, 211.
subrufa, 211.
Campanularidae, 196, 198, 202.
Campanulinidae, 198, 204.
Campeche Bay-Philippine diatoms, 5, 7.
campechiana, Amphipentas, 34.
Amphora crassa, 7, 20
Biddulphia, 8, 35.
adornatus, 8, 48.
adriaticus, 48.
ambiguus, 48, 52.
anceps, 49, 158.
bellus, 49.
biangulatus, 49.
bilateralis, 49, 177.
brightwellii, 49, 51, 52.
browneanus, 49, 53, 54.
castracanei, 49, 52.
cocconeiformis, 50.
comptus, 50.
concinnus, 50, 52.
concinnus lineata, 8, 50.
contiguus, 50, 52.
crebrecostatus, 50, 52.
daemelianus, 50.
decorus, 50, 54.
dentatus, 51.
diplostictus, 51, 55.
dubius, 53.
emarginatus, 51.
eximius, 51.
grevillei, 49, 51.
hibernicus, 51.
hodgsonii, 51.
horologium, 52, 54.
imperialis, 50, 52.
incertus, 49, 50, 52, 55.
inopinus, 52.
intermedius, 50, 52.
kinkerii, 49, 51, 52.
kittonianus, 52.
latus, 48, 52.
lepidus, 52.
ligulosus, 53, 177.
limbatus, 53.
lorenzianus, 49.
macassarensis, 50.
muelleri, 7, 53.
noricus, 51.
orbicularis, 52.
ornatus, 48, 53.
perspicuus, 53, 177.
pfitzeri, 52, 54.
phalangium, 7, 54.
philippinarum, 58.
punctulatus, 7, 54.
rabenhorstianus, 8, 54.
ralfsii, 50, 54.
rattrayanus, 8, 54.
rivalis, 55.
robertsianus, 51, 55.
samoensis, 50, 52, 55.
scalaris, 54.
schmidtii, 54.
similis, 158.
taeniatus, 55.
triumphans, 7, 55.
wallichianus, 55.
zebuanus, 49.
Campyloneis, 55, 147.
INDEX
Campyloneis argus, 55.
grevillei, 55, 147.
regalis, 55.
cancellata, Navicula, 103, 122.
caniceps, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 519,
520, 526, 528.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps,
501, 520, 524, 527.
canonizadoi, Cochlostyla (Eudoxus),
453.
capax, Mastogloia, 87, 179.
capensis, Isthmia, 85.
capillare, Eudendrium, 198, 201.
capillaris, Hemidiscus, 80.
Caracolla listeri, 344.
caribaea, Navicula, 97, 115.
carinata, Donkinia, 75.
carinifera, Navicula, 7, 95, 96, 98, 175.
Caryodes, 378.
castellifera, Biddulphia, 35.
castelliferum, Triceratium, 48.
castracanei, Campylodiscus, 49, 52.
Navicula, 98.
Surirella, 151.
eatena, Climacosphenia, 59.
catharina, Plumularia, 224.
cavitala, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) rois-
syana, 386, 387, 392.
cebuensis, Mastogloia, 88, 179.
cellulosum, Chaetoceros, 56.
Triceratium, 42.
cellulosus, Chaetoceros, 56.
centralis, Coscinodiscus, 65, 66, 69.
cepoides, Cochlostyla, 374, 377, 431.
Cochlostyla (Columplica), 431, 432.
Cochlostyla (Ptychostylus), 431.
Cochlostyla (Steatodryas), 431.
Helicostyla, 431.
Helix, 431.
Helix (Helicostyla), 431.
Ptychostylus, 431.
Steatodryas, 432.
Cepolis, 378.
Cerataulus, 37, 44, 45.
rotundus, 37.
smithii, 44.
turgidus, 43, 44.
cerina, Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 455, 460.
Cerion, 454.
incanum, 454.
peracuta, 455.
trideitata, 455.
viaregis, 454.
cervicornis, Lictorella, 212, 213.
cervinus, Coscinodiscus, 65.
Hyalodiscus, 65, 84.
Cestodiscus, 55, 162.
cinnamomeum, 55.
radiolatus, 171.
ceylanense, Plagiogramma, 130.
ceylanensis, Surirella, 151, 154, 157.
Chaetoceros, 2, 55-57, 83, 142.
affine, 56.
bacteriastrum, 57.
boreale, 56.
cellulosum, 56.
cellulosus, 56.
coarctatus, 56.
541
Chaetoceros coronatum, 83.
curvisetum, 56.
diadema, 56, 159.
furca, 56.
(Bacteriastrum) hebes, 56, 177.
lorenzianum, 56.
lorenzii, 56.
CE acler aera) medusa, 57, 58,
Aa
(Bacteriastrum) princeps, 57, 177.
scolopendra, 57.
sociale, 57.
(Bacteriastrum) varians, 58.
wallichii, 57.
challengerensis, Glyphodesmis, 130.
chersonensis, Navicula, 8, 98.
chinensis, Biddulphia, 42.
Prionocidaris bispinosa, 259.
chrysalidiformis, Bulimus, 470, 477.
Bulimus (Chrysallis), 470.
Bulinus, 470.
Chrysallis, 471, 477.
Cochlostyla, 469-471, 473, 477.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 469-471.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysalidi-
formis, 470, 473.
Helicostyla, 471.
Helicostyla (Chrysallis), 471.
var. a and b, Bulinus, 477.
var. c, Cochlostyla, 477.
var. d, Bulinus, 473.
var. D, Cochlostyla, 473.
Chrysallis (subg.), 469.
Chrysallis adspersa, 505.
chrysalidiformis, 471, 477.
chrysalidiformis ustulata, 477.
electrica, 481, 483, 487.
melanogaster, 510.
mindoroensis, 505, 508, 510, 512.
wagneri, 512.
Chrysanthemodiscus, 58.
floreatus, 58, 178.
Cidaridae, 243, 245.
cidaridis, Taeniogyrus, 302.
Cidaris annulifera, 257.
(Cidaris) baculosa, 257.
(Stephanocidaris) bispinosa, 258.
(Histocidaris) elegans, 252.
(Cidaris) glandulosa, 256.
(Discocidaris) hirsutispinus, 272.
metularia, 260.
(Stereocidaris) microtuberculata,
302.
(Cidaris) reini, 292.
(Dorocidaris) reini, 292.
Cidarites annulifera, 259.
Cidaroidea, 245.
ciliatus, Coscinodiscus, 65, 178.
cincinna, Cochlostyla, 441.
cincinniformis, Achatina, 440.
Amphidromus, 440, 441.
Bulimus, 440, 441, 444.
Cochlodryas, 441.
Cochlostyla, 441, 444.
Cochlostyla (Fudoxus), 441.
Cochlostyla (Hypselostyla),
436,
435,
542 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
cincinniformis, Cochlostyla (Hypselos- ; Cocconeis pseudomarginata, 64.
tyla) cincinniformis, 436, 440
Cochlostyla (Hypselostylus) cin-
cinniformis, 441.
Helicostyla, 441.
Helix, 440.
Hypselostyla, 441.
var. a, Helix, 444.
cingulata, Amphora ocellata, 25.
Biddulphia, 35, 36, 177.
cinnamomeum, Cestodiscus, 55.
Trigonium, 8, 162.
circulare, Triceratium, 40.
circulifera, Cocconeis, 60, 178.
circumcincta, Cocconeis, 61.
circumsecta, Navicula, 98.
circumvallata, Cymatoneis, 71.
Cistula, 10, 59.
lorenziana, 8, 59.
citrina, Cocconeis, 61.
rt Cocconeis, 60-62, 111, 112,
cladothrix, Stylocidaris reini, 293, 294
(fig.), 296, 309, 310.
clara, Amphora, 19.
clathrata, Amphora, 19, 176.
clavata, Navicula, 98, 99, 104.
Clavicula, 59.
polymorpha, 59.
clavigera, Navicula, 95.
clepsydra, Navicula, 98.
Climaconeis, 148.
frauenfeldii, 148.
lorenzii, 148.
Climacosira, 141.
Climacosphenia, 59, 147.
catena, 59.
elongata, 59, 60.
moniligera, 8, 59, 60.
scimiter, 59, 177
cluthensis, Navicula, 101.
clypeata, Goniocidaris, 272.
coarctata, Navicula, 7, 98, 113, 114.
coarctatus, Chaetoceros, 56.
cocconeiformis, Achnanthes, 10, 176.
Campylodiseus, 50.
Mastogloia, 88.
Nitzschia, 126, 180.
Cocconeis, 11, 60, 86, 147.
apiculata, 60, 61.
circulifera, 60, 178.
circumcincta, 61.
citrina, 61.
citronella, 60-62, 111, 112, 178.
composita, 62.
curvirotunda, 62.
eyclophora, 62.
distans, 62.
divisa, 63.
fulgur, 63.
heteroidea, 62, 63.
hospes, 63.
insignis, 63.
ocellata, 63, 178.
oculus-eati, 63.
os-pristis, 63, 178.
pellucida, 61, 64.
pinnata, 64.
robusta, 62.
scutellum, 62.
transversa, 64.
Cochlodryas (subg.), 410.
Cochlodryas albersi, 448.
cincinniformis, 441.
floridus, 411.
hydrophanus, 409.
turbo, 438.
Cochlostyla of Mindoro Province, 373.
Cochlostyla (subg.), 407.
Cochlostyla, 375, 377-379, 398.
aegrota, 380, 381.
(Corasia) aegrota, 380.
albina, 451.
(Eudoxus) albina, 451.
(Chrysallis) albolabris, 492, 493.
(Chrysallis) albolabris albolabris,
493, 494.
(Chrysallis) albolabris robusta, 493.
antoni(i), 495, 496.
(Chrysallis) antoni, 494, 495.
(Chrysallis) antoni antoni, 495, 496.
(Chrysallis) antoni macilenta, 495,
496.
(Calocochlea) aopta, 381, 385.
aspersa, 505.
ee aspersa, 501, 503, 504,
526.
(Chrysallis) aspersa aspersa, 503,
504, 514.
(Chrysallis) aspersa binuangana,
502, 503, 515
(Chrysallis) aspersa calavitana, 502,
503, 518.
(Chrysallis) aspersa edgari, 502,
503, 514, 518
(Chrysallis) aspersa ilogana, 502,
503, 517.
Ce aspersa juani, 502, 503,
(CE yeni) aspersa lunai, 502, 503,
505.
aspersa melanogaster, 502, 503.
(Chrysallis) aspersa melanogaster,
Be:
(Chrysallis) aspersa mindoroensis,
455, 501, 5038, 505, 508.
(Chrysallis) aspersa wagneri, 501,
503, 512.
bullula, 451.
buschi, 448.
(Eudoxus) buschi, 448.
cailliaudi, 487.
calobapta, 456, 457.
(Prochilus) calobapta, 457.
calobapta contracta, 465.
calobapta nana, 465.
calobaptus, 465.
(Chrysallis) caniceps, 519, 520,
526, 528.
(Chrysallis) caniceps caniceps, 501,
520, 524, 527.
(Chrysallis) caniceps conica, 520,
523.
(Chrysallis) caniceps contracos-
tana, 520, 522
INDEX
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) caniceps deme-
sal, 520, 523.
(Chrysallis) caniceps maita, 520,
522; 523.
ee caniceps minuta, 520,
(Eudoxus) canonizadoi, 453.
cepoides, 374, 377, 431.
(Columplica) cepoides, 431, 432.
(Ptychostylus) cepoides, 431.
(Steatodryas) cepoides, 431.
(Prochilus) cérina, 455, 460.
chrysalidiformis, 469-471, 473, 477.
(Gp ealie) chrysalidiformis, 469—
471.
chrysalidiformis antoni, 495.
(Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis chrysa-
lidiformis, 470, 473.
(Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis eno-
dosa, 470, 473, 474.
(Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis fus-
cata, 470, 475.
ae chrysalidiformis macra,
470, 4
(Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis rarior,
470, 473
chrysalidiformis ustulatus, 477.
chrysalidiformis var. ¢, 477.
chrysalidiformis var. D, 473.
(Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis villo-
sa, 470, 473, 475.
cincinna, 441.
cincinniformis, 441, 444.
(Eudoxus) cincinniformis, 441.
pecioty®) cincinniformis, 435,
(Hypselostyla) cincinniformis ca-
brasensis, 436, 444.
(Hypselostylus) cincinniformis ca-
brasensis, 444.
(Hypselostyla) cincinniformis cin-
cinniformis, 436, 440.
(Hypselostylus) cincinniformis cin-
cinniformis, 441.
(Hypselostyla) cincinniformis de-
mesana, 436, 438.
(Hypselostylus) cincinniformis de-
mesana, 438.
(Hypselostyla) cincinniformis gun-
tingana, 436, 442.
(Hypselostylus) cincinniformis gun-
tingana, 442.
(Hypselostyla) cincinniformis lu-
banensis, 436, 444.
(Hypselostylus) cincinniformis lu-
banensis, 444
(Hypselostyla) cincinniformis me-
nagei, 436, 439.
(Hypselostylus) cincinniformis me-
nagei, 439.
cincinniformis tritaeniata, 441.
(Hypselostyla) cincinniformis ulti-
ma, 436, 439.
(Hypselostylus) cincinniformis ulti-
ma, 436
cincinniformis unitaeniata, 441.
116415—39——-3
543
Cochlostyla cinerascens turbo, 433.
(Prochilus) euwyoensis, 455, 464, 465.
(Prochilus) cuyoensis contracta,
465, 466.
(Prochilus) cuyoensis subpallida,
465, 466.
decora, 430.
(Cochlodryas) decora, 430.
dimera, 406.
(Helicostyla) dimera, 405.
dolium, 431.
dryas, 456, 457.
(Prochilus) dryas, 460.
dryas porracea, 457.
(Eudoxus) effusa, 446.
electrica, 481, 483-485, 487, 496.
(Chrysallis) electrica, 482, 483.
(Chrysallis) electrica bulalacaoana,
483, 485.
electrica cailliaudi, 487.
Coe) electrica electrica, 483,
485
(Chrysallis) electrica mangarina,
483, 484.
(Orthostylus) euconica, 434.
(Cochlodryas) fastidiosa, 427.
fictilis, 468.
(Prochilus) fictilis, 466, 467.
(Prochilus) fictilis ambulonensis,
467, 468.
(Prochilus) fictilis fictilis, 467.
(Prochilus) fictilis fulva, 467.
(Prochilus) fictilis cagurana, 467,
468.
(Prochilus) fictilis larvata, 467.
(Prochilus) fictilis mangarina, 466.
florida, 411, 416.
(Cochlodryas) florida, 410, 411, 418.
Coamcarys) florida aureola, 411,
414.
(Cocmodye) florida florida, 411,
418.
florida fuscolabiata, 413.
(Cochlodryas) florida fuscolabiata,
411, 413.
florida helicoides, 416.
(Cochlodryas) florida helicoides,
411, 416.
(Cochlodryas) florida signa, 411,
414,
(Helicostyla) fulgens, 400.
(Helicostyla) fulgens fulgens, 400,
401, 404, 405.
(Helicostyla) fulgens johnsoni, 400,
404.
(Helicostyla) fulgens sapolana, 400,
404,
gertrudis, 398.
(Calocochlea) gertrudis, 381, 398.
(Cochlodryas) halichlora, 454,
helicoides, 416.
CecoreS) helicoides, 410.
hydrophana, 409.
(Cochlostyla) hydrophana, 407,
408.
(Cochlostyla) hydrophana hydro-
phana, 408, 409.
544
Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) hydrophana earliest (Calocochlea) pulcherrima,
81
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
varaderoana 408, 410.
(Chrysallis) jayi, 476.
(Chrysallis) jayi camorongana, 476,
(Chrysalis) jayi jayi, 476, 478, 479.
(Chrysallis) jayi perpusilla, 476,
478.
jonasi, 447, 448.
(Eudoxus) jonasi, 446, 449.
(Phengus) jonasi, 448.
(Prochilus) larvata, 467.
leai, 447.
lichenifer, 481, 487.
(Chrysallis) lichenifer, 480.
(Chrysallis) lichenifer avittata, 480,
481.
(Chrysallis) lichenifer lichenifer,
480, 481.
(Halocochlea) lillianae, 376, 399.
(Cochlodryas) mateoi, 422, 423,
429.
(Dep hlodzyas) mateoi mateoi, 422,
426.
(Cochlodryas) mateoi sibolonensis,
422, 425.
(Cochlodryas) mateoi subsp., 426.
melanocheila, 382.
cCalorechles) melanocheila, 381,
85.
melanochila, 382.
(Callicochlias) melanochila, 382.
melanogaster, 510.
metaformis, 378, 409.
(Cochlostyla) metaformis, 407.
(Dryocochlias) metaformis, 409.
metaformis hydrophana, 409.
mindoroensis, 475, 488, 500, 501,
505, 508, 510, 512.
mindoroensis melanogaster, 510.
mindoroensis wagneri, 501.
mirabilis, 378.
(Helicostyla) mirabilis, 400.
mirabilis fulgens, 401.
monozona, 333.
monozonus, 333.
(Chrysallis) nigriceps, 526-528.
MC eyeells) nigriceps nigriceps, 528,
9
Seapets) nigriceps nubifer, 528,
530
(Cer esallis) nigriceps obnubila, 528,
530.
nigrocincta, 462.
(Hypselostyla) nympha, 435,
orbitula, 418, 419.
(Cochlodryas) orbitula, 418.
orbitulus, 419.
(Chrysallis) palliobasis, 486.
partuloides, 462.
(Prochilus) partuloides, 462.
(Calocochlea) perpallida, 381, 384.
(Chrysallis) perturbator, 531.
(Chrysallis) petiti, 487.
(Chrysallis) pettiti, 487.
(Orthostylus) pithogaster, 434, 435.
(Cochlodryas) polychroa, 410.
porracea, 457.
(Prochilus) pulchrior, 458.
roissyana, 389, 394, 397, 398.
ratccognte roissyana, 381, 386,
91.
(Calocochlea) roissyana_ bartschi,
387, 388, 393.
(Calocochlea) roissyana cavitala,
386, 387, 392.
roissyana cuticulare, 389.
(Calocochlea) roissyana laymansa,
387, 397.
roissyana lutea, 391.
(Calocochlea) roissyana lutea, 387,
391.
(Calocochlea) roissyana manlaysa,
387, 396
(Calocochlea) roissyana monacha,
(Calocochlea) roissyana roissyana,
387, 393
roissyana solida, 398.
roissyana subatra, 389.
(Calocochlea) roissyana subatra,
387, 389.
roissyana var., 397.
roissyana var. ¢c, 391.
roissyana var. d, 397.
roissyana var. e, 396.
roissyana var. m, 391.
roissyana var. q, 398.
rollei, 489, 493.
(Chrysallis) rollei, 487. 488, 502, 504.
(Chrysallis) rollei niger, 491.
(Chrysallis) rollei nigra, 488, 489,
491.
(Chrysallis) rollei osborni, 488, 489.
(Chrysallis) rollei rollei, 488.
(Chrysallis) rollei vexator, 488-490.
(Chrysallis) roseolabra, 497.
(Chrysallis) roseolabra rosea, 497—
499.
(Chrysallis) roseolabra roseolabra,
497
rufogaster, 329-337.
rufogaster antipolana, 332-334.
rufogaster banahaoana, 336.
rufogaster benguetana, 330.
rufogaster juani, 329, 330.
rufogaster manilana, 332, 334.
rufogaster monozona, 332, 334, 335.
rufogaster montalbana, 330, 331,
334, 336.
rufogaster rufogaster, 331, 334.
rufogaster subsp., 337.
rufogaster toppingi, 336.
rufogastra, 330, 333, 335.
(Helicobulinus) sarcinosa, 433.
simplex, 450.
(Eudoxus) simplex, 449, 453.
(Prochilus) sp., 460.
(Eudoxus) steerei, 451.
(Calocochlea) subatra, 393.
sylvanoides, 456, 459.
(Prochilus) sylvanus, 460.
tenera, 422, 423, 426, 427.
(Cochlodryas) tenera, 423, 429.
Cochlostyla turbo, 433, 434.
(Helicobulinus) turbo, 4383.
(Rhymbocochlias) turbo, 434.
ustulata, 470, 477.
virgata, 456, 457.
INDEX 545
Coscinodiscus, 2, 58, 64, 68, 70, 76, 84,
95, 157,, lito:
africanus, 64.
apollinis, 64.
apollinis compacta, 64.
(Prochilus) virgata, 454, 455, 457, asteromphalus, 65, 95.
460, 462, 465.
virgata alampe, 457.
virgata porracea, 457.
virgata pulchrior, 457.
virgata sylvanoides, 457.
virginea, 451, 452.
(Corasia) virgo, 380.
waegneri, 512.
coeli, Aulacodiscus voluta, 31.
collaris, Lysidice, 193.
Columplica dolium, 431.
comis, Surirella, 152.
compacta, Achnanthes, 10, 176.
Amphora, 19, 176.
Coscinodiscus apollinis, 64.
compactum, Rhoicosigma, 1438.
composita, Cocconeis, 62.
compositus, Auliscus, 32.
comptus, Campylodiscus, 50.
concava, Biddulphia, 35.
concavum, Triceratium, 35.
concentrica, Surirella, 152, 181.
concinna, Mastogloia, 91.
concinnus, Campylodiscus, 50, 52.
concinnus, Coscinodiscus, 65.
biangulatus, 65, 95.
bullatus, 70.
centralis, 65, 66, 69.
cervinus, 65.
ciliatus, 65, 178.
concinnus, 65.
convexus, 95.
denarius, 71.
denticulatus, 66.
devius, 69.
elongatus, 175.
excentricus, 66, 67.
exiguus, 7, 66.
galapagensis, 64.
gazellae, 66.
gigas, 69.
griseus, 64.
heteromorphus, 66.
horridus, 65.
humilis, 175.
janischii, 67.
kuetzingii, 67.
kutzingii, 67.
lentiginosus, 67.
leptopus, 67.
conica, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) cani- lineatus, 67, 68.
ceps, 520, 523.
consimilis, Biddulphia, 36.
consors, Navicula, 98.
constricta, Amphora lineata, 24.
Mastogloia, 87.
constrictum, Plagiogramma, 130.
contabulatus, Gyroptychus, 13.
contigua, Navicula, 101.
Surirella, 152, 181.
contiguus, Campylodiscus, 50, 52.
continuata, Surirella, 153, 181.
contorta, Hebella, 198, 207.
contracostana, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
caniceps, 520, 522.
marginatus, 67.
micans, 68, 69.
nano-lineatus, 68, 178.
nitidulus, 8, 68.
nitidus, 69.
nobilis, 69.
nodulifer, 69.
normanii, 69.
oculus-iridis, 65, 69.
omphalanthus, 65.
praetextus, 69.
pustulatus, 69.
radiatus, 69.
radiosus, 68, 69.
reniformis, 69, 150, 151.
contracta, Cochlostyla calobapta, 465. rex, 66, 70.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus) cuyoensis, robustus, 67.
465, 466. scintillans, 64.
contumax, Trigonium, 162, 182.
convallaria, Lafoea, 211, 212.
Zygophylax, 195, 199, 211.
convexus, Coscinodiscus, 95.
Corasia (subg.), 380.
Corasia aegrota, 380.
Corethron, 161.
Corinna, 172.
cornigera, Biddulphia, 36, 39, 177.
cornuta, Biddulphia, 37.
scitulus, 70, 178.
spendidus, 66.
subtilis, 70.
subvelatus, 68.
symmetricus, 70.
tubiformis, 70.
variolatus, 8, 71, 178.
costata, Amphora, 20, 21.
costatum, Skeletonema, 145.
crabro, Navicula, 95, 99, 105, 111, 113,
Sertularella, 195, 199, 215, 216, 241.| 114, 120, 121.
Sertularella polyzonias, 215.
cornutum, Triceratium, 44.
coronalis, Polymyxus, 14.
coronaria, Melosira, 92.
coronatum, Chaetoceros, 83.
corpulenta, Amphora, 18, 20.
Navicula, 99, 179.
Craspedodiscus, 71.
insignis, 71.
crassa, Amphora, 8, 20.
crassilineata, Cyclotella, 71, 178.
craticula, Surirella, 147.
crebrecostatus, Campylodiscus, 50, 52.
crenulata, Achnanthes, 11.
546
Crepidula, 291.
cruciata, Mastogloia, 88.
erucifix, Navicula, 119.
Cryptolaria pulchella, 210.
erystallina, Synedra, 159.
cucumeris, Amphora, 20, 176.
culcitella, Biddulphia, 37.
Cuming, Hugh, 374.
cuneata, Sceptroneis, 144, 159, 181.
Surirella, 153.
Synedra, 159.
cuneatella, Surirella, 153, 181.
cuneiformis, Hemidiscus, 80.
cupressina, Aglaophenia, 231.
curvatulus, Actinocycius, 12.
curvifacies, Surirella, 154.
curvirotunda, Cocconeis, 62.
curvisetum, Chaetoceros, 56.
curvitheca, Zygophylax, 196, 199, 212,
241.
cuspidata, Biddulphia, 37.
Navicula, 89, 99, 147.
cuticulare, Cochlostyla roissyana, 389.
cuticularis, Helicostyla (Calocochlea)
roissyana, 389.
cuyoensis, Bulimus, 456.
CeO (Prochilus), 455, 464,
465.
cyclamen, Triceratium, 34.
Trigonium, 161.
cycloides, Biddulphia, 37, 177.
cyclophora, Cocconeis, 62.
cyclops, Navicula, 99, 179.
Cyclophoridae, 323.
Cyclotella, 71.
crassilineata, 71, 178.
striata, 71.
cylindrica, Nemertesia, 199, 227.
Plumularia, 228.
Cymatogonia, 14.
Cymatoneis, 10, 59, 71.
circumvallata, 71.
definita, 72, 178.
lacunata, 72, 178.
sufflata, 72, 178.
suleata, 8, 71, 73, 122.
Cymatopleura, 9.
Cymbella, 73.
ehrenbergii, 73.
gastroides, 73.
cymbelloides, Amphora, 18.
cymbifera, Amphora, 20, 21.
Cyrtocidaris (subg.), 264, 283, 285.
Cystopleura, 9.
daemelianus, Campylodiscus, 50.
daemon, Syringidium, 160.
danica, Achnanthes, 12.
danicum, Achnanthidium, 12.
davyana, Entogonia, 166.
debyi, Licmophora, 86, 178.
decora, Cochlostyla, 430.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas), 430.
Helicostyla, 430.
Helix, 430.
decorum, Pleurosigma, 134, 139.
decorus, Acavus (Tachea), 430.
Campylodiscus, 50, 54.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
decussatus, Actinocyclus, 12, 176. .
definita, Cymatoneis, 72, 178.
deflexa, Surirella, 154, 156.
delecta, Navicula, 100, 180.
delicatula, Auliscus caelatus, 32.
delphinia, Amphora, 22.
demesai, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) cani-
ceps, 520, 523.
demesana, Cochlostyla (Hypselostyla)
cincinniformis, 436, 4388.
Cochlostyla (Hypselostylus)
niformis, 438.
Helicostyla cincinniformis, 438.
denarius, Coscinodiscus, 71.
saa Plumularia, 199, 2238, 224,
226.
densestriata, Navicula forcipata, 102.
densistriata, Navicula forcipata, 8.
dentatus, Campylodiscus, 51.
Denticella, 39.
lauta, 16.
marina, 73.
staurophora, 130.
denticulatus, Coscinodiscus, 66.
Dentitheca, 197.
Desmoscyphus, 196.
longitheca, 218.
devius, Coscinodiscus, 69.
diadema, Chaetoceros, 56, 159.
Syndendrium, 159.
Syringidium, 56.
diaphanum, Trigonium, 163, 169, 182.
Diatoms, marine, 1.
dichotoma, Amphora, 21, 176.
Dictyocladium, 215.
aberrans, 195, 199, 214, 241.
Dictyoneis thumii, 108.
diducta, Amphora, 21.
didyma, Navicula, 101.
diffusa, Navicula, 8, 101.
digitalis, Diphasia, 199, 218.
Sertularia, 218.
digito-radiata, Navicula, 111.
dimera, Cochlostyla, 406.
Cochlostyla (Helicostyla), 405.
Helicostyla, 405, 406.
Helix, 405, 406.
Dimeregramma, 73.
bilineatum, 73, 142, 178.
fluens, 73, 178.
inflatum, 73.
minus, 74.
nanum, 74.
opulens, 74, 178.
prismaticum, 74, 178.
dimorpha, Stegopoma, 198, 206, 241.
Diphasia, 220.
digitalis, 199, 218.
huerteli, 199, 218, 241.
inornata, 199, 219, 241.
kineaidi, 220.
Diploneis, 124.
biseriata, 109, 110.
borealis, 106.
platessa, 123.
vespa, 124.
diplosticta, Navicula, 101.
Triceratium venulosum, 46.
cin-
INDEX
diplostictus, Campylodiscus, 51, 55.
Discocidaris mikado, 277.
serrata, 276.
discursa, Biddulphia, 37, 177.
dissimile, Trigonium, 165, 170.
distans, Cocconeis, 62.
Nitzschia, 126.
distincta, Biddulphia, 38.
distinctum, Plagiogramma, 130, 181.
Ditylium, 74.
Ditylum, 74.
brightwellii, 74.
divaricata, Aglaophenia, 199, 232.
Plumularia, 232.
divergens, Dynamena, 213.
Sertularia, 199, 213.
diversa, Navicula, 125.
divisa, Cocconeis, 63.
doliolus, Pseudo-Eunotia, 140, 181.
dolium, Cochlostyla, 431.
Columplica, 431.
Helix, 481.
Nanina, 431.
Pachya, 431.
Stylodon, 4381.
Stylodonta, 431.
dolosum, Pleurosigma, 133, 181.
Donkinia, 74, 131, 132, 142.
carinata, 75.
reticulata, 75.
Dorocidaris reini, 292.
dorsalis, Amphora, 28.
dromas, Amphora, 19.
dryas, Bulimus, 456, 487.
Bulimus (Amphidromus), 456.
Bulinus, 455, 459.
Cochlostyla, 456, 457.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 460.
Helicostyla, 457.
Prochilus, 456.
dubia, Biddulphia, 38.
Fragilaria, 77.
Sertularia, 213.
dubius, Campylodiscus, 53.
dulce, Triceratium, 178.
Trigonium, 165.
dura, Amphora, 22, 176.
Melosira, 92, 179.
durandii, Navicula, 101, 179.
Dymella, 198.
Dynamena, 196.
divergens, 213.
Echinodiscus, 75.
vermiculatus, 75, 178.
Echinoidea—The Cidaridae, 243.
echinulata, Psilocidaris, 283, 284 (fig.),
308, 310, 311.
ecijana, Obba marmorata, 338, 340, 341.
edgari, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa,
502, 508, 514, 518.
effluens, Stylocidaris, 285, 290 (fig.),
292, 294, 308-310, 312.
effusa, Acanthella, 199, 229, 241.
Cochlostyla (Eudoxus), 446.
Plumularia, 229.
egeria, Navicula, 91.
egregia, Amphora, 8, 19, 22.
Mastogloia, 88.
547
ehrenbergii, Actinocyclus, 165,
Arachnoidiscus, 29.
Cymbella, 73.
Licmophora, 86.
electrica, Chrysallis, 481, 483, 487.
Cochlostyla, 481, 483-485, 487, 496.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 482, 483.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) electrica,
483, 485.
Helicostyla, 481, 483, 487.
Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindoroen-
sis, 520.
electricus, Bulimus, 481, 483.
elegans, Asteromphalus, 30.
Biddulphia, 8.
Cidaris (Histocidaris), 252.
Histocidaris, 247, 250,
(fig.), 8307, 310.
Mastogloia, 88.
Porocidaris, 250.
Thuiaria, 220.
elegantissimum, Pleurosigma, 133.
elliptica, Navicula, 121.
Navicula lyra, 108.
elongata, Climacosphenia, 59, 60.
Glyphodesmis, 78.
Tphionella, 313, 315 (fig.).
Mastogloia, 91.
Navicula, 101.
Willemoesia, 175.
elongatum, Pleurosigma, 134.
elongatus, Coscinodiscus, 175.
emarginatus, Campylodiscus, 51.
Endictya, 68, 71, 75, 76.
margaritifera, 75, 178.
minor, 76.
oceanica, 76, 77.
Endyctia, 68.
enodosa, Cochlostyla (Chr yeallis)
chrysalidiformis, 470, 473, 474.
Entogonia davyana, 166.
Epithemia, 9, 77, 86.
monilifera, 86.
zebra, 16, 77.
epsilon, Rutilaria, 144.
erebi, Amphora, 21.
erythraea, Navicula, 101.
Ethmodiscus, 66, 76.
Eucidaris, 260.
metularia, 260.
euconica, Cochlostyla
434.
Eucyclotus, 323.
Eudendridae, 198, 201.
Eudendrium attenuatum, 202.
capillare, 198, 201.
eudoxia, Navicula, 101.
Eudoxus (subg.), 446.
Eudoxus bullula, 451.
buschi, 448.
jonasi, 448.
simplex, 449.
eulensteinii, Stictodiscus, 149, 166.
Triceratium, 166, 167.
Teens 149, 161, 166-168, 170,
afiLe
Eunotia, 140.
Euodia, 77, 80, 86.
252-253
(Orthostylus),
548
Euodia arcuata, 80.
janischii, 77.
Eupanthalis, 186.
evanida, 186, 187 (fig.).
Euphyllodium spathulatum, 140.
evanida, Eupanthalis, 186, 187 (fig.).
exacta, Biddulphia, 38, 177.
exarata, Mastogloia, 90.
excavata, Navicula, 8, 102, 113, 115,
179.
excentricus, Coscinodiscus, 66, 67.
exempta, Navicula, 113.
exemptum, Pleurosigma, 134, 137, 181.
exigua, Achnanthes, 12.
exiguus, Coscinodiscus, 7, 66.
eximia, Navicula, 102.
eximius, Campylodiscus, 51.
expedita, Biddulphia, 36, 39.
Navicula, 102.
expressum, Triceratium, 42.
exsecta, Amphora, 8, 22.
facilis, Surirella, 154, 182.
fallax, Mastogloia, 87.
falx, Pleurosigma, 134, 181.
fasciata, Schizocidaris, 243, 276, 280,
281 (fig.), 308, 310, 311.
Stegopoma, 206.
oe Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas),
427.
fastigiata, Calycella, 205.
Campanularia, 205.
Stegopoma, 205.
fastuosa, Surirella, 7, 153-156, 159.
fausta, Surirella, 155, 182.
favus, Biddulphia, 37-39, 46, 165.
fictilis, Cochlostyla, 468.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 466, 467.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis, 467.
fimbriata, Biddulphia, 39.
fimbriatum, Triceratium, 47.
flabellata, Plumularia, 199, 223, 241.
flabellum, Synthecium, 221.
flahaulti, Achnanthes, 11.
flava, Halicornaria, 238.
flavipellis, Helicostyla (Chrysallis) min-
doroensis, 497.
flexa, Amphora, 22, 176.
flexuosa, Grammatophora, 79.
floreatus, Chrysanthemodiscus, 58, 178.
florida, Bulimus, 411.
Cochlostyla, 411, 416.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas’, 410,
411, 418.
Cochlostyla (Cochloedryas) florida,
411, 418.
Helicostyla, 411, 416.
Helix, 411, 416.
Helix (Cochlogena), 411.
var. a, Helix (Cochlogena), 416.
floridus, Bulimus, 411, 416.
Cochlodryas, 411.
Helix, 411, 418, 416.
Orthostylus, 411.
florigera, Goniocidaris, 276.
fluens, Dimeregramma, 73, 178.
fluminensis, Nitzschia, 8, 126, 127.
Surirella, 7, 155.
foliata, Surirella, 152, 181.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
forcipata, Navicula, 102, 111.
formicina, Navicula, 7, 102.
formosa, Amphora, 8, 23.
Synedra, 160.
formosum, Pleurosigma, 132, 135.
Trigonium, 164, 169.
var., Trigonium, 164.
forresterii, Triceratium, 37.
fossilis, Navicula lacrimans, 107.
fractosa, Biddulphia, 39, 177.
Fragilaria, 77, 78.
angustata, 77.
dubia, 77.
fragilis, Tropidoneis, 173, 1/4.
Francisco, Mateo, 375.
frauenfeldii, Climaconeis, 148.
Thalassiothrix, 160.
Trigonium, 169.
Frustulia, 10. :
rhomboides, 147.
fulgens, Cochlostyla (Helicostyla), 400.
Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) fulgens,
400, 401, 404, 405.
Cochlostyla mirabilis, 401.
Helicostyla, 401.
Helicostyla (Helicostyla), 401, 404.
Helicostyla mirabilis, 401.
Helix, 401.
Helix (Helicostyla), 401.
Synedra, 159.
fulgur, Cocconeis, 68.
fae Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis,
467.
fundata, Grammatophora, 78, 178.
funiculata, Navicula, 102, 179.
furca, Chaetoceros, 56.
furcata, Amphora, 8, 23.
furcatum, Bacteriastrum, 58.
furva, Helicostyla (Chrysallis) mindo-
roensis, 515.
fusca, Amphora, 8, 23.
fusca, Navicula, 103, 106, 114, 121.
fuseata, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chry-
salidiformis, 470, 475.
fuscolabiata, Cochlostyla florida, 413.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida,
411, 418.
fusiformis, Mastogloia, 88, 179.
galapagense, Triceratium, 166-168.
galapagensis, Coscinodiscus, 64.
gallinula, Obba, 343.
gastroides, Cymbella, 73.
gazellae, Coscinodiscus, 66.
gemina, Biddulphia, 40.
geminum, Trigonium, 169.
gemma, Surirella, 152.
gemmata, Navicula, 103, 116.
gemmatula, Navicula, 95, 103, 107.
genetta, Hesione, 189.
gertrudis, Cochlostyla, 398.
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea), 381, 398.
gibba, Amphora, 8, 23.
cibbosa, Biddulphia, 40.
Stictodiseus parallelus, 150.
gibbosum, Trigonium, 169.
gigantea, Amphora, 8, 23.
gigas, Coscinodiscus, 69.
gilberti, Stegopoma, 207.
INDEX
glabrissima, Navicula, 103, 179.
glandulosa, Cidaris (Cidaris), 256.
Prionocidaris, 256.
Stephanocidaris, 256.
globosum, Triceratium, 40.
Glyphodesmis, 77.
acus, 78, 178.
challengerensis, 130.
elongata, 78.
margaritacea, 78.
murrayana, 131.
williamsonii, 77.
godeffroyi, Amphipentas, 34.
Goniocidaris, 244, 261, 264, 268, 271,
283, 285.
clypeata, 272.
florigera, 276.
(Discocidaris) mikado, 262, 264.
(Discocidaris) peltata, 244, 261, 262
(fig.), 307, 310, 311.
(Cyrtocidaris) tenuispina, 264, 266
(fig.), 268 (fig.), 270, 285, 307,
308, 310, 311.
(Cyrtocidaris) tenuispina major,
270, 271 (fig.), 308, 311.
(Cyrtocidaris) tenuispina tubercu-
lata, 268-270 (fig.), 271, 272, 307,
308, 310, 311.
umbraculum, 22) 2isde
gowenii, Melosira, 93, 179.
gracilis, Stegopoma, 198, 205.
graeffei, Amphora, 23.
Nitzschia, 127.
graeffeiana, Amphitetras, 164.
graeffii, Navicula, 8, 103, 179.
Grammatophora, 78.
flexuosa, 79.
fundata, 78, 178.
islandica, 79.
longissima, 79.
marina, 79.
oceanica, 79.
probata, 79, 178.
punctata, 79.
serpentina, 79.
grandis, Stereocidaris, 299, 301, 309.
grandiuscula, Surirella, 155.
granulata, Nitzschia, 127.
granulosa, Nitzschia, 127.
grave, Triceratium, 46.
gravis, Surirella, 155, 181.
grayii, Actinodiscus, 14.
gregorianum, Plagiogramma, 130.
gregorii, Navicula, 103.
Navicula cancellata, 103.
grevilleana, Amphora, 23.
grevillei, Campylodiscus, 49, 51.
Campyloneis, 55, 147.
Navicula, 128.
griffini, Pasythea, 221.
griseus, Coscinediscus, 64.
gruendleri, Mastogloia, 89.
Navicula (Alloioneis), 104.
grundleri, Alloioneis, 105.
Amphora, 8, 23.
Biddulphia, 40.
Mastogloia, 7.
Navicula, 105.
049
grundleri, Navicula (Alloioneis), 118.
grunowiana, Biddulphia, 40.
grunowii, Mastogloia, 91.
guntingana, Cochlostyla (Hypselostyla)
cincinniformis, 436, 442.
Cochlostyla (Hypselostylus) cin-
cinniformis, 442.
Gyroptychus, 79.
contabulatus, 13.
Gyrosigma, 9, 131.
thuringicum, 9.
haleona, Obba listeri, 345, 348.
Halecidae, 198, 202.
Halecium lighti, 198, 202.
sessile, 202.
ee Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas),
Halicornaria, 238, 239.
flava, 238.
hians, 199, 237.
ishikawai, 238.
magnirostris, 199, 238, 242.
tenuirostris, 199, 237, 242.
Halocochlea (subg.), 399.
hamulifera, Navicula, 104.
hamuliferum, Pleurosigma, 135.
Hantzschia, 16.
hardmanianus, Auliscus, 32.
Hemidiscus, 80.
hargitti, Plumularia, 199, 224, 241.
hawaiensis, Lytocarpus, 234, 235.
Hebella contorta, 198, 207.
neglecta, 198, 208.
spiralis, 198, 208, 241.
Hebellidae, 198, 207.
nee Chaetoceros (Bacteriastrum), 56,
ae
hebetata, Rhizosolenia, 142.
Heibergia barbadensis, 166.
Helicobulinus (subg.), 433.
Helicobulinus turbo, 433.
helicoides, Bulimus, 416.
Cochlostyla, 416.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas), 410.
Cochlostyla florida, 416.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida,
411, 416.
Helicostyla (subg.), 399.
Helicostyla, 377, 378.
aegrota, 381.
(Calocochlea) aopta, 385.
buschi, 448.
ealobapta, 457.
cepoides, 431.
chrysalidiformis, 471.
(Chrysallis) chrysalidiformis, 471.
chrysalidiformis antoni, 495.
chrysalidiformis calawaganensis,
497.
chrysalidiformis ustulatus, 477.
cincinniformis, 441.
cincinniformis demesana, 438.
cincinniformis lubanensis, 444.
cincinniformis ultima, 436.
decora, 430.
dimera, 405, 406.
dryas, 457.
electrica, 481, 483, 487.
500
Helicostyla florida, 411, 416.
fulgens, 401.
(Helicostyla) fulgens, 401, 404.
hydrophana, 409
jonasi, 446-448.
leai, 447.
megintyi, 486.
melanochila, 382, 388.
(Calocochlea) melanochila, 382.
mindoroensis, 505, 508, 510, 512.
(Chrysallis) mindoroensis, 503, 507,
510.
mindoroensis cailliaudi, 487.
(Chrysallis) mindoroensis electrica,
520.
(Chrysallis) mindoroensis flavipel-
lis, 497.
(Chrysallis)
515.
(Chrysallis) mindoroensis ilogana,
531.
(Chrysallis) mindoroensis orotis,
4
mindoroensis furva,
(Chrysallis) mindoroensis paral-
laxis, 517, 518.
mirabilis fulgens, 401.
orbitula, 418, 419.
(Prochilus) partuloides, 462.
(Orthostylus) pithogaster, 434.
porracea, 457.
roissyana, 393, 394.
(Calocochlea) roissyana, 394.
(Calocochlea) roissyana bartschi,
388.
(Calocochlea) roissyana cuticularis,
389.
roissyana lutea, 391.
(Calocochlea) roissyana monacha,
387.
roissyana subatra, 389.
(Chrysallis) rollei, 488.
rufogastra, 335.
rufogastra monozonus, 333.
simplex, 450.
tenera, 422, 423.
turbo, 434.
(Chrysallis) ustulata, 479.
virgata, 457.
(Prochilus) virgata, 457.
virgata, maxwellsmithi, 457.
(Prochilus) virgata porracea, 457.
virgata pulchrior, 457.
virgata sylvanoides, 457.
(Prochilus) virgata pulchrior, 457.
virginea, 451, 452.
(Eudoxus) virginea, 452.
Helicostylus orbitulus, 418.
Helix, 377, 378.
aegrota, 380, 381.
(Corasia) aegrota, 380.
auriculata, 345, 361.
brunnea, 382.
buschi, 448.
cepoides, 431.
(Helicostyla) cepoides, 431.
cincinniformis, 440.
cincinniformis var. a, 444.
decora, 430.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Helix dimera, 405, 406.
dolium, 431.
florida, 411, 416.
(Cochlogena) florida, 411.
(Cochlogena) florida var. a, 416.
floridus, 411, 413, 416.
fulgens, 401.
(Helicostyla) fulgens, 401.
hydrophana, 409.
(Cochlogena) hydrophana, 409.
infuscata, 387.
jonasi, 446, 447.
jonasi var. 6, 405.
lineolata, 381.
listeri, 345.
(Carocolla) listeri, 344.
melanocheila, 382.
(Callicochlias) melanocheila, 382.
melanocheilos lineolata, 382.
(Callicochlias) melanochela, 382.
melanocheylos? lineolata, 381.
mindoroensis, 491.
orbitula, 418.
(Cochlostyla) orbitulus, 418.
pan, 462.
papilionacea, 361.
persimilis, 386.
planulata, 360.
roissyana, 389, 393, 394, 397.
(Callicochlias) roissyana, 394.
roissyana lutea, 391.
roissyana, var., 391.
roissyana var. d, 389.
(Bulima) rufogaster, 334.
solida, 398.
tenera, 422, 423, 426, 427.
(Cochlogena) tenera, 422, 427.
turbo, 433.
Hemiaulus, 172.
Hemidiscus, 80, 86.
capillaris, 80.
cuneiformis, 80.
hardmanianus, 80.
inornatus, 80.
janischii, 80.
radiatus, 80.
ventricosus, 80.
Hemiptychus, 9.
eee Navicula, 8, 97, 98, 104, 109,
UU
henshawii, Amphora, 23, 176.
Hercotheca, 82, 83.
brevispina, 82.
inermis, 82, 178.
mamunillaris, 82.
heros, Pleurosigma, 135, 136.
Hesione, 189.
genetta, 189.
Hesionidae, 189.
heteroceros, Biddulphia, 40, 44.
heteroidea, Cocconeis, 62, 63.
heteromorpha, Achnanthes, 11, 60.
heteromorphus, Coscinodiscus, 66.
heteroporum, Triceratium, 167.
Triceratium (Biddulphia), 166, 168.
Trigonium, 167, 169.
hexagona, Achnanthes, 11.
hexagonus, Actinoptychus, 14.
INDEX
hians, Halicornaria, 199, 237.
Plumularia, 237
hibernicus, Campylodiscus, 51.
hiltonianus, Asteromphalus, 30.
hirsutispina, Rhopalocidaris, 275.
hirsutispinus, Cidaris (Discocidaris),
hirtus, Hyalodiscus, 84, 93, 178.
hispida, Melosira, 92.
hispidus, Actinoptychus, 14.
Histocidaris, 245.
acutispina, 247, 248-249 (fig.),
307, 310.
elegans, 247, 250, 252-253 (fig.),
= 230745, 310:
magnifica, 244, 245, 246-247 (fig.),
307, 310.
misakiensis, 255.
recurvata, 256.
sp., 254, 255 (fig.), 307, 310.
hodgsonii, Campylodiscus, 51.
honshuensis, Amphora, 25.
horologium, Actinodiscus, 29.
Campylodiscus, 52, 54.
horridus, Coscinodiseus, 65.
hospes, Cocconeis, 63.
Navicula, 104.
huerteli, Diphasia, 199, 218, 241.
humilis, Coscinodiseus, 175.
Willemoesia, 175.
hyalina, Amphora, 24.
hyalinum, Bacteriastrum, 57.
Hyalodiscus, 58, 83, 84, 93.
annulus, 83, 178.
argus, 83.
aspersus, 83, 178.
cervinus, 65, 84.
hirtus, 84, 93, 178.
laevis, 84.
maximus, 85.
propeplanus, 84, 178.
radiatus, 85.
stelliger, 85.
subtilis, 12, 84, 85.
Hyalosira punctata, 141.
hybrida, Surirella, 155.
Hydroida of the Philippine region, 195.
hydrophana, Bulimus, 409.
Bulimus (Orthostylus), 409.
Cochlostyla, 409.
Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla), 407, 408.
Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla) hydro-
phana, 408, 409.
Cochlostyla metaformis, 409.
Helicostvla, 409.
Helix, 409.
Helix (Cochlogena), 409.
hydrophanus, Bulimus, 409.
Cochlodryas, 409.
Hydrosilicon, 85.
rimosa, 85.
Hypselostyla (subg.), 435.
Hypselostyla cincinniformis, 441.
Idia pristis, 199, 207, 217.
tenets Obba marmorata, 338, 341,
116415—39——4
dol
ilogana, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) as-
persa, 502, 508, 517.
Helicosty la, (Chry ‘sallis) mindoroen-
sis, 531.
Obba sarcochroa, 355.
imitans, Navicula, 104, 179.
Surirella, 155, 181.
imitatrix, Mastogloia, 89, 179.
imperator, Branchiocerianthus, 198,200.
Monacaulus, 200.
imperialis, Campylodiscus, 50, 52.
impleta, Navicula, 119.
impressa, Biddulphia, 40.
Navicula, 103, 121.
incanum, Cerion, 454.
incertus, Campylodiseus, 49, 50, 52,55.
incompta, Melosira, 93, 179.
incurvata, Surirella, 154, 156.
indica, Biddulphia, 41.
Navicula, 104.
Stereocidaris, 303.
indigens, Navicula, 105, 179.
inelegans, Biddulphia (Triceratium), 42.
Trigonium, 169.
inermis, Hercotheca, 82, 178.
Stephanopyxis turris arctica, 93.
Triceratium robertsianum, 47.
inexacta, Navicula, 8, 104, 105, 118, 179.
inflata, Achnanthes, 11.
Amphora, 8, 24.
inflatum, Dimeregramma, 73.
informis, Biddulphia, 41, 177.
infuscata, Helix, 387.
ingens, Navicula, 103, 105, 179.
inglorium, Trigonium, 169.
inhalata, Navicula, 107, 179.
inopinus, Campylodiscus, 52.
inornata, Diphasia, 199, 219, 241.
Triceratium eulensteinii, 166, 167..
inornatus, Hemidiscus, 80.
insecta, Auricula, 33.
insignis, Biddulphia, 41.
Cocconeis, 63.
Craspedodiscus, 71.
Navicula lyra, 108.
Nitzschia, 127, 180.
intercedens, Navicula, 7, 107.
Surirella, 156.
intermedia, Navicula (Diploneis) cyn-
thia, 101
Terpsinoe, 160.
intermedium, Pleurosigma, 132.
intermedius, Campylodisecus, 50, 52.
interrupta, Amphora, 24.
Biddulphia, 44.
intersecta, Amphora, 24, 176.
invenusta, Navicula, 107.
inversa, Biddulphia, 41, 177.
Iphione, 183.
muricata, 183.
Iphionella elongata, 318, 315 (fig.).
iridis, Navicula, 107, 133.
ishikawai, Halicornaria, 238.
islandica, Grammatophora, 79.
Isthmia, 85.
capensis, 85.
902
Isthmia lindigiana, 85.
minima, 85.
italicum, Pleurosigma, 135.
jamaicensis, Navicula, 123.
Janischia, 170.
janischii, Actinoptychus, 14.
Coscinodiscus, 67.
Euodia, 77.
Hemidiscus, 80.
Leudugeria, 77, 86.
Navicula, 108.
Navicula (marginata), 8.
japonica, Auricula, 33.
Biddulphia, 35.
Navicula (Schizonema), 119.
Surirella, 157.
japonicum, Pleurosigma, 131, 135, 136.
Triceratium, 35.
japonicus, Stictodiscus, 149.
javanica, Achnanthidium, 12.
Mastogloia, 90.
Tropidoneis, 173.
jayi, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 476.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi, 476,
478, 479.
jejuna, Navicula, 107.
jelineckiana, Mastogloia, 90.
jenneri, Navicula, 89.
jensenianum, Triceratium, 40.
johnsoni, Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) ful-
gens, 400, 404.
Obba mesai, 357, 359.
johnsonianus, Stictodiscus, 162.
johnsonii, Pinnularia, 147.
jonasi, Bulimus, 446.
Cochlostyla, 447, 448.
Cochlostyla (Eudoxus), 446, 449.
Cochlostyla (Phengus), 448.
Eudoxus, 448.
Helicostyla, 446-448.
Helix, 446, 447.
var. B, Helix, 405.
juani, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa,
502, 503, 507.
Cochlostyla rufogaster, 329, 330.
jugata, Navicula, 96, 107.
juncatensis, Biddulphia, 7, 42.
juncta, Biddulphia, 42.
Keck, Warren, 196.
kerguelensis, Mastogloia, 91.
kincaidi, Diphasia, 220.
kinkeri, Aulacodiscus, 31.
kinkerii, Campylodiscus, 49, 51, 52.
Kirchenpauerinae, 197.
kittonianus, Campylodiscus, 52.
Stictodiscus, 149.
kittonii, Aulacodiscus, 40.
kossuthii, Stictodiscus, 29.
kuetzingii, Coscinodiscus, 67.
kurzii, Navicula (Alloioneis?), 120.
kutzingii, Coscinodiscus, 67.
Jabrella, Bulimus, 455.
Partula, 455, 459.
labuensis, Amphora, 27.
lacrimans, Navicula, 7, 107.
lacunata, Cymatoneis, 72, 178.
Laetmonice, 183.
nitida, 183, 187 (fig.).
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Laetmonice pellucida, 186.
producta, 183.
laevigatus, Actinoptychus, 15.
laevis, Hyalodiscus, 84.
Lafoea convallaria, 211, 212.
plicatilis, 204.
Lafoéidae, 199, 209.
Lagenitheca, 198.
lamellata, Stereocidaris sceptriferoides,
304, 305 (fig.), 309-311.
Lampriscus, 40, 169.
lanceolata, Achnanthes, 11.
lanceolatum, Pleurosigma, 135.
larvata, Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 467.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis, 467.
lata, Surirella, 156, 157.
Tropidoneis, 174.
latecostata, Auliscus caelatus, 7, 32.
latestriata, Scoliopleura, 144.
latum, Pleurosigma, 135.
Trigonium, 165, 169-171.
latus, Campylodiscus, 48, 52.
lauta, Denticula, 16.
laxa, Surirella, 156.
laymansa, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea)
roissyana, 387, 397.
leai, Bulimus, 446, 447.
Cochlostyla, 447.
Helicostyla, 447.
Leiocidaris bispinosa, 258.
pistillaris annulifera, 257.
lemniscata, Mastogloia, 88, 90, 91.
lentiginosus, Coscinodiscus, 67.
Leodicidae, 193.
lepidoptera, Tropidoneis, 174, 175.
lepidus, Campylodiscus, 52.
leptopus, Coscinodiscus, 67.
leudugeri, Mastogloia, 88, 90.
Leudugeria, 80, 86.
janischii, 77, 86.
monilifera, 86.
liber, Navicula, 10, 107, 108, 118.
lichenifer, Bulimus, 481.
Cochlostyla, 481, 487.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 480.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) lichenifer,
480, 481.
Licmophora, 86, 144, 147.
debyi, 86, 178.
ehrenbergii, 86.
ovata, 86.
Lictorella cervicornis, 212, 213.
lighti, Halecium, 198, 202.
ligulosus, Campylodiscus, 53, 177.
lillianae, Cochlostyla (Halocochlea), 376,
399.
limbatus, Campylodiscus, 53.
limpida, Amphiprora, 16, 176.
Trinacria, 172, 182.
lindigiana, Isthmia, 85.
lineata, Amphora, 24,
Campylodiscus concinnus, 8, 56.
Mastogloia, 90.
lineatus, Coscinodiscus, 67, 68.
lineolata, Helix, 381.
Helix melanocheilos, 382.
Helix melanocheylos?, 381.
lineolatum, Triceratium, 40.
INDEX
listeri, Caracolla, 344.
Helix, 345.
Helix (Carocolla), 344.
Obba, 343-345, 353, 356.
Lithodesmium, 40.
littorale, Pleurosigma, 132.
littoralis, Navicula, 107.
Nitzschia, 127.
longa, Navicula, 8, 108.
longipes, Achnanthes, 10, 11.
longissima, Grammatophora, 79.
longitheca, Desmoscyphus, 218.
lorenziana, Cistula, 8, 59.
lorenzianum, Chaetoceros, 56.
lorenzianus, Campylodiscus, 49.
lorenzii, Chaetoceros, 56.
Climaconeis, 148.
lubanensis, Cochlostyla (Hypselostyla)
cincinniformis, 436, 444.
Cochlostyla (Hypselostylus)
cinniformis, 444.
Helicostyla cincinniformis, 444.
lubangensis, Obba planulata, 361, 362.
lunai, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) aspersa,
502, 5038, 505.
lunaris, Amphora, 24, 176.
lutea, Cochlostyla roissyana, 391.
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissy-
ana, 387, 391.
Helicostyla roissyana, 391.
Helix roissyana, 391.
lvra, Navicula, 96, 104, 108, 119.
Lysidice, 193.
collaris, 193.
Lytocarpia, 197, 236.
Lytocarpus, 239.
balei, 199, 236.
hawaiensis, 234, 235.
pennarius, 199, 234.
philippinus, 199, 235.
phoeniceus, 199, 2338.
secundus, 234.
spectabilis, 199, 234.
macassarensis, Campylodiscus, 50.
Macellicephaia maculosa, 313, 314 (fig.).
macgillivrayi, Aglaophenia, 199, 231.
Plumularia, 231.
macilenta, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) an-
toni, 495, 496.
macra, Cochlostyla io leenllis) chrys-
alidiformis, 470, 4
macraeana, Surirella, 54, 156; 157, 181,
182.
cin-
Surirella lata, 157.
macraeanus, Aulacodiscus, 31.
macraei, Navicula, 104.
maculata, Podosira, 85.
maculosa, Macellicephala, 313, 314 (fig.).
madagascarense, Triceratium, 42.
madagascarensis, Auliscus oamaruensis,
Biddulphia, 42.
Melosira, 93.
Navicula, 108, 180.
magnifica, Acoetes, 315.
Amphora, 25, 176.
Histocidaris, 244, 245,
(fig.), 8307, 310.
246-247
503
me ueORte Halicornaria, 199, 238,
maita, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) cani-
ceps, 520, 522, 523.
major, Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris) te-
nuispina, 270, 271 (fig.), 308, 311.
majus, Pleurosigma, 139.
majuscula, Nitzschia, 126, 127.
Nitzschia fluminensis, e263
Maldane, 320.
philippinensis, 313, 320 (fig.).
mammalis, Achnathes, 61.
Rhaphoneis, 60-62.
mammillaris, Hercotheca, 82.
mangarina, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) elec-
trica, 4838, 484.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus) fictilis, 466.
Obba, planulata, 361, 362, 369, 371.
ne Cochlostyla rufogaster, 332,
34
manlaysa, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea)
roissyana, 387, 396.
Mann, Albert, on marine diatoms of the
Philippine Islands, 1.
mansalayana, Obba planulata, 361, 362,
367, 369.
margarita, Navicula, 7, 108.
margaritacea, Glyphodesmis, 78.
margaritaceus, Aulacodiscus, 31.
margaritifera, Endictya, 75, 178.
margaritiferum, Trigonium, 162.
marginata, Campanularia, 203, 211.
Navicula, 8, 100, 108, 123.
marginatus, Coscinodiscus, 67.
Thyroscyphus, 198, 203.
marginulata, Nitzschia, 127.
marina, Denticula, 73.
Grammatophora, 79.
marinum, Pleurosigma, 135.
marmorata, Obba, 329, 337, 338, 343.
Obba marmorata, 338, 339.
Obbina planulata, 339.
martensianus, Plagiodiscus, 157.
marylandica, Asterolampra, 29.
marylandicum, Triceratium, 14.
masalacensis, Nereis, 189, 191 (fig.).
Mastogloia, 86, 89, 90, 92, 95, 108, 123,
147, 148.
achnanthioides, 87, 178.
affirmata, 87.
albifrons, 90.
angulata, 87.
capax, 87, 179.
cebuensis, 88, 179.
cocconeiformis, 88.
concinna, 91.
constricta, 87.
cruciata, 88.
egregia, 88.
elegans, 88.
elongata, 91.
exarata, 90.
fallax, 87.
fusiformis, 88, 179.
gruendleri, 89.
erundleri, 7.
grunowil, 91.
504
Mastogloia imitatrix, 89, 179.
javanica, 90
jelineckiana, 90.
kerguelensis, 91.
lemniscata, 88, 90, 91.
leudugeri, 88, 90.
lineata, 90.
mauritiana, 91.
obscura, 91.
oculiformis, 90.
ovata, 90, 179.
ovum-paschale, 90.
pulchella, 91.
quinquecostata, 91, 179.
rhombus, 8, 91.
sansibarica, 91, 92.
seriata, 92.
sinuata, 91, 92.
splendida, 92.
squamosa, 92,
Mastoneis, 95.
mateoi, Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas), 422,
423, 429.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) mateoi,
422, 426.
mateoi subsp., Cochlostyla (Cochlo-
dryas), 426.
mauritiana, Mastogloia, 91.
maxima, Navicula, 107, 108.
Navicula liber, 109.
Tropidoneis, 174.
maximus, Hyalodiscus, 85.
maxwellsmithi, Helicostyla virgata, 457.
mayabigana, Obba listeri, 345, 348, 350.
mecoyi, Aglaophenia, 232.
mcgintyi, Helicostyla, 486.
Mearns, Edgar A., 376.
medioensis, Obba planulata, 361, 362,
368.
mediterranea, Navicula, 101.
mediterraneana, Melosira, 94.
mediterraneanum, Skeletonema, 145.
medusa, Chaetoceros (Bacteriastrum),
57, 58, 177.
medusiformis, Stegopoma, 205, 206.
melanocheila, Callicochlias, 382.
Cochlostyla, 382.
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea), 381, 385.
Helix, 382.
Helix (Callicochlias), 382.
melanochela, Helix (Callicochlias), 382.
melanochila, Cochlostyla, 382.
Cochlostyla (Callicochlias), 382.
Helicostyla, 382, 388.
Helicostyla (Calocochlea), 382.
melanogaster, Chrysallis, 510.
Cochlostyla, 510.
Cochlostyla aspersa, 502, 503.
pecnleeuyls (Chrysallis) aspersa,
517.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis, 510.
Melosira, 58, 76, 92, 93, 145.
biseriata, 93.
coronaria, 92.
dura, 92, 179.
gowenli, 93, 179.
hispida, 92.
incompta, 93, 179.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Melosira madagascarensis, 93.
mediterraneana, 94.
setosa, 92.
undulata, 93.
membranacea, Amphiprora, 173.
Biddulphia, 42.
Tropidoneis, 174.
membranaceum, Trigonium, 42, 170.
membraneacea, Tropidoneis, 173.
Menage Expedition, 375.
menagei, Cochlostyla
cincinniformis, 436, 439.
Cochlostyla (Hypselostylus)
cinniformis, 4389.
mendica, Navicula, 169, 110, 179.
mesai, Obba, 348, 354, 356-358.
Obba mesai, 357, 358, 360.
metaformis, Cochlostyla, 378, 409.
Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla), 407.
Cochlostyla (Dryocochlias), 409.
metularia, Cidaris, 260.
Eucidaris, 260.
mexicana, Caloneis, 110.
Navicula, 110.
Surirella, 157.
micans, Coscinodiscus, 68, 69.
Michael, E. L., 1.
micropora, Trigonium inelegans, 169.
microscopica, Plumularia, 227.
microtuberculata, Cidaris (Stereocidar-
is), 302.
Stereocidaris, 300, 302, 309.
mikado, Discocidaris, 277.
Goniocidaris (Discocidaris),
264.
milesiana, Amphora, 25.
mimula, Navicula, 109, 110, 179.
Mindoro Province, land shells ofthe
genus Obba from, 343.
tree snails of the genus Cochlostyla
from, 373.
mindoroensis, Bulimus, 501, 505, 508,
510, 512.
Bulinus, 501, 505, 508, 510, 512.
Chrysallis, 505, 508, 510, 512.
Cochlostyla, 475, 488, 500, 501,
505, 508, 510, 512.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis)
455, 501, 503, 505, 508. Es
Helicostyla, 505, 508, 510, 512. =&
Helicostyla (Chrysallis), 503, 507,
510.
Helix, 491.
var. k, Bulinus, 4838.
minima, Isthmia, 85.
minor, Endictya, 76.
Obba listeri, 345, 348.
minor, Obbina listeri, 348.
minus, Dimeregramma, 74.
minuta, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) cani-
ceps, 520, 527.
Sertularia, 213.
mirabile, Skeletonema, 145.
mirabilis, Calvinia, 230.
Cochlostyla, 378.
Cochlostyla (Helicostyla), 400.
Navicula, 110.
Sertularella, 199, 216, 241.
(Hypselostyla)
cin-
262,
aspersa,
INDEX
mirificum, Rhabdonema, 141.
misakiensis, Histocidaris, 255.
mobiliensis, Biddulphia, 42.
moelleri, Actinoptychus, 15.
molesta, Navicula, 110, 179.
Mollendorff, O. F. von, 375.
mollis, Surirella, 156, 158.
Mollusks, Cochlostyla rufogaster and
Obba marmorata and their races, 329.
Mollusks of genus Cochlostyla_ of
Mindoro Province, 373.
Mollusks of the genus Obba from
Mindoro Province, 3438.
Mollusks of the genus Opisthoporus,
323.
Monacaulus imperator, 200.
monacha, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea)
roissyana, 387.
Helicostyla (Calocochlea) rois-
syana, 387.
monilifera, Amphora, 25.
Epithemia, 86.
Leudugeria, 86.
moniligera, Climacosphenia, 8, 59, 60.
Monopoma, 196.
Monorchos, 190.
philippinensis, 191 (fig.).
Monotheea, 230.
monozona, Cochlostyla, 333.
Cos rufogaster, 332, 334,
35.
Orthostylus, 333.
monozonus, Bulimus, 332, 333.
Cochlostyla, 333.
Helicostyla rufogastra, 333.
Orthostyla, 333.
montalbana, Cochlostyla
330, 331, 334, 336.
Mortensen, Theodor, on Echinoidea—
The Cidaridae, 243.
Moseley, E. L., 375.
Mucronalia, 258.
muelleri, Campylodiscus, 7, 53.
multicostata, Navicula, 7, 99, 111.
Surirella, 151.
multifurcatus, Stictodiscus, 149.
multiplex, Stictodiscus, 149, 166.
Triceratium, 166, 167.
Trigonium, 167, 170.
munifica, Allonitzschia, 16, 176.
muricata, Iphione, 183.
murrayana, Glyphodesmis, 131.
Plagiogramma, 131.
museca, Navicula, 107.
musica, Terpsinoe, 160.
my, Navicula, 123.
nana, Cochlostyla calobapta, 465.
Nanina dolium, 431.
nankoorense, Plagiogramma, 130.
nankoorensis, Stictodiscus, 149.
nano-lineatus, Coscinodiscus, 68, 178.
nanum, Dimeregramma, 74.
Navicula, 2, 10, 59, 71, 72, 89, 90, 94, 95,
96, 99, 105, 109, 112, 113, 115, 119,
121, 123, 124, 144; 147, 148, 175:
Navicula (Stauroneis), 62.
Navicula abrupta, 94.
acrosphaeria, 94.
rufogaster,
555
Navicula adonis, 122.
aestiva, 94, 106, 120, 121.
affirmata, 92.
ambigua, 89.
angulosa, 94.
antillarum, 94.
approximata, 7, 8, 94, 104.
approximata substauroneiformis, 7,
94
approximata substauroniformis, 7.
arctica, 96.
aspera, 95.
barbitos, 95.
bartholomei, 100.
belgica, 123.
beyrichiana, 95.
biclavata, 95.
biformis, 95, 179.
bigemmata, 95, 107, 179.
biseriata, 109, 110.
bleischiana, 96.
bleischii, 96.
bomboides, 96.
bottnica, 110.
branchiata, 96, 179.
brasiliensis, 97.
bullata, 97, 101.
caeca, 97, 179.
californica, 97, 98, 109.
californica campechiana, 7, 97.
caliginosa, 100
campylodiscus, 8, 97.
cancellata, 103, 122.
cancellata gregorii, 103.
caribaea, 97, 115.
carinifera, 7, 95, 96, 98, 175.
castracanel, 98.
chersonensis, 8, 98.
circumsecta, 98.
clavata, 98, 99, 104.
clavigera, 95.
clepsydra, 98.
cluthensis, 101.
coarctata, 7, 98, 113, 114.
consors, 98.
contigua, 101.
corpulenta, 99, 179.
crabro, 95, 99, 105, 111, 113, 114,
120, 121.
crucifix, 119.
cuspidata, 89, 99, 147.
cyclops, 99, 179.
(Diploneis) cynthia intermedia, 101.
delecta, 100, 180.
didyma, 101.
diffusa, 8, 101.
digito-radiata, 111.
diplosticta, 101.
diversa, 125.
durandii, 101, 179.
egeria, 91.
elliptica, 121.
elongata, 101.
erythraea, 101.
eudoxia, 101.
excavata, 8, 102, 113, 115, 179.
exempta, 113.
eximia, 102.
556 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Navicula expedita, 102.
forcipata, 102, 111.
forcipata densestriata, 102.
forcipata densistriata, 8.
formicina, 7, 102.
funiculata, 102, 179.
fusca, 108, 106, 114, 121.
gemmata, 103, 116.
gemmata peristiophora, 103.
gemmatula, 95, 103, 107.
glabrissima, 103, 179.
graefhii, 8, 103, 179.
gregorii, 103.
grevillei, 128.
(Alloioneis) gruendleri, 104.
grundleri, 105.
(Alloioneis) grundleri, 118.
hamulifera, 104.
hennedyi, 8, 97, 98, 104, 109, 111.
hospes, 104.
imitans, 104, 179.
impleta, 119.
impressa, 103, 121.
indica, 104.
indigens, 105, 179.
inexacta, 8, 104, 105, 118, 179.
ingens, 103, 105, 179.
inhalata, 107, 179.
inhalata biharensis, 107.
intercedens, 7, 107.
invenusta, 107.
iridis, 107, 133.
jamaicensis, 123.
janischii, 108.
(marginata) janischii, 8.
(Schizonema) japonica, 119.
jejuna, 107.
jenneri, 89.
jugata, 96, 107.
(Alloioneis?) kurzii, 120.
lacrimans, 7, 107.
lacrimans fossilis, 107.
liber, 10, 107, 108, 118.
liber maxima, 109.
littoralis, 107.
longa, 8, 108.
lyra, 96, 104, 108, 119.
lyra elliptica, 108.
lyra insignis, 108.
lyra recta, 108.
macraei, 104.
madagascarensis, 108, 180.
margarita, 7, 108.
marginata, 8, 100, 108, 123.
maxima, 107, 108.
mediterranea, 101.
mendica, 109, 110, 179.
mexicana, 110.
mimula, 109, 110, 179.
mirabilis, 110.
molesta, 110, 179.
multicostata, 7, 99, 111.
museca, 107.
my, 123.
nebulosa, 111.
nitescens, 109, 111, 124.
notabilis, 111.
nummularia, 111.
Navicula oamaruensis, 111.
obesa, 62, 111, 179, 180.
ocellata, 112, 180.
ophiocephala, 112.
oscitans, 112.
oscitans suboscitans, 112.
o’swaldii, 113.
ovulum, 107.
pacifica, 113.
pandura, 97, 99, 105, 1138.
parallela, 115, 116.
partita, 113, 180.
patricia, 114, 180.
pelagi, 7, 114.
pensacola, 96.
petitiana, 114.
philippinarum, 114, 180.
philippinica, 110.
pinguis, 115.
platessa, 128.
plicatula, 115, 116, 180.
polysticta, 98.
powellii, 100.
praetexta, 116.
pristiophora, 116.
probabilis, 7, 116.
prodiga, 116.
pseudo-clavata, 116, 180.
pudens, 7, 117, 180.
puella, 8, 117.
pugio, 117, 180.
pulverulenta, 117, 180.
raeana, 118.
rectangulata, 118.
retinenda, 118.
retrostauros, 118, 180.
rhombica, 119.
richardsoniana, 109.
robusta, 119.
samoensis, 119.
scopulorum, 147, 148.
seductilis, 119.
sejuncta, 117.
semistauros, 119, 180.
separabilis, 8, 99, 120.
serratula, 120, 180.
serrulata, 7.
simulator, 120, 180.
smithii, 106, 121.
solaris, 111.
spectabilis, 107, 121, 180.
spiculifera, 121, 180.
splendida, 98, 117, 122.
splendida var., 7.
(Pseudo-Amphiprora) stauroptera,
6
strangulata, 100, 123.
subacuta, 122.
subfusea oamaruensis, 106.
suboscitans, 112, 122.
(oscitans var.?) subundulata, 122.
suffocata, 122, 180.
suleata, 122.
tabellaria, 94.
(Dictyoneis) thumii, 123.
transfuga, 116.
translucens, 123, 180.
tumida, 89.
INDEX
Navicula turgescens, 123.
vacillans, 124.
vaszaryi, 12.
velata, 124.
venusta, 124, 180.
vespa, 124.
vesparella, 124, 180.
vulpecula, 124.
weissflogii, 8, 125, 180.
yarrensis, 118, 125.
zostereti, 125.
naviculaceum, Pleurosigma, 135.
nebulosa, Navicula, 111.
nebulosus, Actinocyclus, 12, 13.
neglecta, Hebella, 198, 208.
Nemertesia cylindrica, 199, 227.
neogradense, Triceratium, 14.
Nereidae, 189.
Nereis, 189.
masalacensis, 189, 191 (fig.).
nervatus, Plagiodiscus, 157.
nicobarica, Nitzschia, 125, 126.
nicobaricum, Pleurosigma, 135.
Nigella, 198.
Nigellastrum, 220.
meee, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei,
491.
nigra, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei,
488, 489, 491.
mBrICeDS, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 526—
528
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigriceps,
528, 529.
nigrocincta, Cochlostyla, 462.
nitescens, Navicula, 109, 111, 124.
nitida, Laetmonice, 183, 187 (fig.).
nitidulus, Coscinodiscus, 8, 68.
nitidus, Coscinodiscus, 69.
Stictodiscus, 150, 181.
Nitzschia, 17, 125, 126.
alata, 125, 126.
bisculpta, 125, 180.
bukensis, 126.
campechiana, 8, 125, 126, 128, 180.
cocconeiformis, 126, 180.
distans, 126.
distans tumescens, 8, 126.
fluminensis, 8, 126, 127.
fluminensis majuscula, 7, 126.
graeffei, 127.
granulata, 127.
granulosa, 127.
insignis, 127, 180.
littoralis, 127.
majuscula, 126, 127.
marginulata, 127.
marginulata subconstricta, 8, 127.
nicobarica, 125, 126.
obesa, 127.
ocellata, 17.
panduriformis, 125, 127.
plana, 129.
plana zebuana, 129.
pulcherrima, 8, 128.
salinarum, 128.
spathulata, 128.
superba, 126, 128.
do
Nitzschia tryblionella, 128.
tubicola, 128.
valida, 8, 128.
valida var., 8.
vermiculata, 128.
weissflogi(i), 7, 128, 180.
zebuana, 129, 180.
nobilis, Coscinodiscus, 69.
nodosa, Amphora, 25, 176.
Pasythea, 220.
nodulifer, Coscinodiscus, 69.
noricus, Campylodiscus, 51.
normani, Acryptolaria, 199, 208, 209,
241.
normanii, Coscinodiscus, 69.
Pleurosigma, 133, 136.
notabilis, Navicula, 111.
nubifer, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigri-
ceps, 528, 530.
nummularia, Navicula, 111.
Nutting, Charles C., on Hydroida of the
Philippine region, 195.
nympha, Cochlostyla (Hypselostyla),
435.
oamaruensis, Biddulphia, 36.
Navicula, 111.
Navicula subfusca, 106.
Obba, 343, 352, 355, 361.
gallinula, 343.
gallinula barthelowi, 343.
gallinula pagbilaoensis, 344.
listeri, 348-345, 353, 356.
listeri calooeana, 345, 353, 354.
listeri campoensis, 345, 347, 349,
351.
listeri halcona, 345, 348.
listeri mayabigana, 345, 348, 350.
listeri minor, 345, 348.
listeri recurvata, 345, 351.
listeri scalaris, 351, 353.
listeri sibolonensis, 345, 346.
listeri smithi, 345, 351.
listeri subplanulata, 345, 353, 354.
marmorata, 329, 337, 338, 343.
marmorata benguetana, 338, 339.
marmorata bolinaoana, 338, 339.
marmorata ecijana, 338, 340, 341.
marmorata ilinensis, 3388, 341, 360.
marmorata marmorata, 338, 339.
marmorata rizalana, 338, 340.
mesai, 348, 354, 356-358.
mesai johnsoni, 357, 359.
mesai mesai, 357, 358, 360.
mesai richi, 357, 358.
mesai sablayana, 357, 358.
planulata, 3438, 356, 360.
planulata bongabona, 361, 364, 367.
planulata cagurayana, 361, 362,
370, 371.
planulata lubangensis, 361, 362.
Pete mangarina, 361, 362, 369,
Sale
planulata mansalayana, 361, 362,
367, 369.
planulata medioensis, 361, 362, 368.
planulata paluana, 361, 365.
planulata salcedoi, 361, 364.
508
BULLETIN 100, UNITED
STATES
NATIONAL MUSEUM
Obba planulata varaderoana, 361, 363, | orbitula, Helix, 418.
365
planulata verdensis, 361, 362, 370.
sarcochroa, 348.
sarcochroa ilogana, 355.
sarcochroa sarcochroa, 356.
subhorizontalis, 343, 355.
subhorizontalis radeliffei, 355.
subhorizontalis subhorizontalis, 355.
Obbina listeri minor, 348.
listeri recurvata, 351.
listeri recurvata subscalaris,
353.
planulata, 338.
planulata marmorata, 339.
Obelia serrulata, 202.
thornelyi, 198, 202.
obesa, Amphora, 25.
Navicula, 62, 111, 179, 180.
Nitzschia, 127.
Stauroneis, 62, 111.
obesum, Plagiogramma, 130.
Pleurosigma, 131, 136, 181.
oblonga, Tropidoneis, 174.
oblongistriata, Surirella ceylanensis, 151.
obnubila, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) nigri-
ceps, 528, 530.
obscura, Mastogloia, 91.
obscurus, Actinocyclus, 13.
obtusa, Amphora, 22, 25.
obtusum, Pleurosigma, 136, 137, 181.
oceanica, Amphora obtusa, 25.
Endictya, 76, 77.
Grammatophora, 79.
oceanicum, Rhoicosigma, 143.
ocellata, Amphora, 25.
Cocconeis, 63, 178.
Navicula, 112, 180.
Nitzschia, 17.
oculiformis, Mastogloia, 90.
oculus, Amphora, 25.
oculus-cati, Coeconeis, 63.
oculus- iridis, Coscinodiscus, 65, 69.
Odontella, 81.
Okedenia, 148.
scopulorum, 148.
omphalanthus, Coscinodiscus, 65.
Omphalopsis, 129.
australis, 129.
Onuphis branchiata, 318, 317, 318 (fig.).
(Nothria) willemoesii, 319.
Ophiacantha sp., 270.
ophiocephala, Navicula, 112.
Opisthoporus, 323, 324 (fig.).
biciliatus, 323, 327.
quadrasi, 323-325.
quadrasi busuangensis, 325.
oe palawanensis, 323, 326,
ile
351,
quadrasi quadrasi, 324, 325, 327.
quadrasi subsp., 327.
quadrasi turturinganus, 325, 326.
opulens, Dimeregramma, 74, 178.
orbicularis, Campylodiscus, 52.
orbitula, Bulimus, 418.
Cochlostyla, 418, 419.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas), 418.
Helicostyla, 418, 419.
orbitulus, Cochlostyla, 419.
Helicostylus, 418.
Helix (Cochlostyla), 418.
oregonus, Aulacodiscus, 31.
orientalis, Aulacodiscus, 31.
Surirella, 156, 182.
ornatus, Campylodiscus, 48, 53.
orotis, Helicostyla (Chrysallis) min-
doroensis, 486.
Orthoneis, 87, 92.
Orthosira, 76.
aspera, 90.
Orthostyla monozonus, 333.
rufogaster, 334, 335.
Orthostylus (subg.), 434.
Orthostylus, 377, 378.
floridus, 411.
monozona, 333.
rufogaster, 334.
Orthotropis, 173.
osborni, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei,
488, 489
oscitans, Navicula, 112.
os-pristis, Cocconeis, 63, 178.
ostrea, Auricula, 33.
Oswaldella, 197.
o’swaldii, Amphiprora, 17, 176.
Navicula, 113.
ovalis, Amphora, 25.
ovata, Liemophora, 86.
Mastogloia, 90, 179.
ovulum, Navicula, 107.
ovum-paschale, Mastogloia, 90.
Pachya dolium, 431.
pacifica, Antennopsis, 199, 228, 241.
Navicula, 113.
Surirella, 157.
pagbilaoensis, Obba gallinula, 344.
palawanensis, Opisthoporus quadrasi,
3238, 326, 327.
palliobasis, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis),
486.
Palmeria, 80.
paluana, Obba planulata, 361, 365.
paludosa, Amphiprora, 17.
pan, Bulimus, 462.
Helix, 462.
pandura, Navicula, 97, 99, 105, 113.
panduriformis, Nitzschia, 125, 127.
papilio, Plagiogramma, 130.
papilionacea, Helix, 361.
papillata, Biddulphia, 43.
parallaxis, Helicostyla (Chrysallis) min-
doroensis, 517, 518.
parallela, Navicula, 115, 116.
parallelus, Stictodiscus, 150.
pardus, Trigonium, 170.
partistriata, Scoliopleura, 144, 181.
partita, Navicula, 113, 180.
partitum, Triceratium, 42.
Partula labrella, 455, 459.
partuloides, Bulimus, 462.
Bulimus (Amphidromus), 462.
Bulinus, 462.
Cochlostyla, 462.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 462.
Helicostyla (Prochilus), 462.
INDEX
partuloides, Prochilus, 462.
arvus, Actinoptychus, 15, 176.
asya, 198.
Pasythea griffini, 221.
nodosa, 220.
philippina, 221.
quadridentata, 199, 220.
sp., 220.
patens, Surirella, 157.
patricia, Navicula, 114, 180.
pauca, Amphora, 25, 176.
pauperculum, Triceratium, 173.
pecten, Amphora, 26.
peisonis, Scoliopleura, 90.
pelagi, Navicula, 7, 114.
pelagica, Amphiprora, 17.
pellucida, Amphora, 27.
Cocconeis, 61, 64.
Laetmonice, 186.
Tribrachia, 161, 182.
peltata, Goniocidaris (Discocidaris) , 244,
261, 262 (fig.), 307, 310, 311.
pennaeformis, Achnanthes, 175.
pennaria, Sertularia, 234.
pennarius, Lytocarpus, 199, 234.
pensacola, Navicula, 96.
pentacrinus, Biddulphia, 43, 45.
pentecrinus, Biddulphia, 8.
peracuta, Cerion, 455.
peristiophora, Navicula gemmata, 103.
permagna, Amphora, 26.
perpallida, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea),
381, 384.
perpusilla, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) jayi,
476, 478.
persimilis, Helix, 386.
perspicuus, Campylodiscus, 53, 177.
Bee beten Cochlostyla (Chrysallis),
i
Petalocidaris, 264, 272.
petiti, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 487.
petitiana, Biddulphia, 43, 177.
Navicula, 114.
petitianum, Triceratium, 438.
petitii, Biddulphia, 43, 44, 177.
pettiti, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 487.
pfitzeri, Campylodiscus, 52, 54.
phalangium, Campylodiscus, 7, 54.
hantasma, Tropidoneis, 174, 182.
hengus simplex, 450.
philippina, Aglaophenia, 235.
Pasythea, 221.
philippinarum, Auliscus, 32, 176.
Campylodiscus, 53.
Navicula, 114, 180.
Rutilaria, 143.
philippinensis, Maldane, 313, 320 (fig.)
Monorchos, 191 (fig.).
Sertularella, 199, 217.
philippinica, Amphora, 24.
Navicula, 110.
philippinus, Lytocarpus, 199, 235.
phoenicea, Plumularia, 233.
phoeniceus, Aglaophenia, 233.
Lytocarpus, 199, 233.
Phyllacanthus annulifera, 257, 258.
verticillata, 260.
Pilsbry, H. A., 378, 379.
559
pinguis, Navicula, 115.
pinnata, Cocconeis, 64.
Pinnularia apiculata, 103.
johnsonii, 147.
pithogaster, Cochlostyla (Orthostylus),
Helicostyla (Orthostylus), 484.
Plagiodiscus martensianus, 157.
nervatus, 157.
Plagiogramma, 77, 129, 131.
antillarum, 129, 181.
approximatum, 129, 131.
atomus, 130.
attenuatum, 129, 181.
ceylanense, 130.
constrictum, 1380.
distinctum, 130, 181.
gregorianum, 130.
gregorianum robusta,
murrayana, 131.
nankoorense, 130.
obesum, 130.
papilio, 130.
polygibbum, 129, 131.
quadrigibbum, 131.
suleatum, 131.
tesselatum, 77, 131.
truanii, 129.
validum, 77.
van huerckii, 41.
Plagiotropis, 173.
plana, Nitzschia, 129.
planulata, Helix, 360.
Obba, 3438, 356, 360.
Obbina, 338.
platessa, Diploneis, 123.
Navicula, 123.
plenum, Trigonium, 162.
Pleurosigma, 9, 74, 131, 132, 133, 138,
142.
130.
acus, 132, 181.
affine, 183, 136.
angulatum, 9, 132-134, 136, 137,
139.
balticum, 132, 133, 138.
decorum, 134, 139.
dolosum, 133, 181.
elegantissimum, 133.
elongatum, 134.
exemptum, 134, 137, 181.
falx, 134, 181.
formosum, 132, 135.
hamuliferum, 135.
heros, 135, 136.
intermedium, 1382.
italicum, 135.
japonicum, 131, 135, 136.
lanceolatum, 135.
latum, 135.
littorale, 132.
majus, 139.
marinum, 135.
naviculaceum, 135.
nicobaricum, 135.
normanii, 133, 136.
obesum, 131, 136, 181.
obtusum, 136, 137, 181.
prisma, 137, 181.
560
Pleurosigma quadratum, 1338.
rhombeum, 138.
rigens, 138, 181.
rigidum, 138.
robustum, 136.
simile, 138.
speciosum, 139.
strigosum, 139.
subrigidum, 139.
suluense, 139, 181.
transversale, 135.
virginicum, 133.
plicata, Amphiprora, 17.
plicatile, Stegopoma, 195, 198, 204.
plicatilis, Calycella, 204.
Lafoea, 204.
plicatula, Navicula, 115, 116, 180.
Plococidaris, 260.
verticillata, 260.
Plumella, 197.
Plumularia, 226.
aglaophenoides, 199, 222, 224, 241.
asymmetrica, 226
buskii, 199, 221.
camarata, 199, 225, 241.
catharina, 224.
cylindrica, 228.
dendritica, 199, 223, 224, 226.
divaricata, 232.
effusa, 229.
flabellata, 199, 223, 241.
hargitti, 199, 224, 241.
hians, 237.
macgillivrayi, 231.
microscopica, 227.
phoenicea, 233.
Plumularidae, 196, 197, 199, 200, 221.
Plumularinae, 197.
Podoeystis, 140.
adriatica, 140.
americana, 140.
australica, 140.
spathulata, 140.
Podosira, 83.
maculata, 85.
Polychaetous annelids, additions to, in-
cluding one new genus and three
new species, 183.
four new species, 313.
nee Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas),
polygibbum, Plagiogramma, 129, 131.
polymorpha, Biddulphia, 58.
Clavicula, 59.
Polymyxus, 14.
coronalis, 14.
schleinitzii, 14.
Polynoidae, 183.
polysticta, Navicula, 98.
polyzonata, Amphora, 26.
polyzonias, Sertularella, 216.
Porocidaris elegans, 250.
Porpeia, 140.
quadriceps, 140.
porracea, Cochlostyla, 457.
Cochlostyla dryas, 457.
Cochlostyla virgata, 457.
Helicostyla, 457.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
porracea, Helicostyla (Prochilus) virgata,
57.
porraceus, Bulimus, 455, 458.
portuosum, Triceratium, 166.
powellii, Navicula, 100.
praetexta, Navicula, 116.
praetextus, Coscinodiscus, 69.
praevalida, Amphora, 19, 26.
pretiosus, Aulacodiscus, 31, 176.
princeps, Asterolampra, 29.
Bacteriastrum varians, 57.
Chactecies (Bacteriastrum),
Weel
Prionocidaris, 256.
baculosa, 258.
baculosa annulifera, 257, 259, 307.
bispinosa, 258, 307.
bispinosa chinensis, 259.
glandulosa, 256.
verticillata, 260.
prisma, Pleurosigma, 137, 181.
prismatica, Amphora, 26.
prismaticum, Dimeregramma, 74, 178.
pristiophora, Navicula, 116.
pristis, Idia, 199, 207, 217.
probabilis, Navicula, 7, 116.
probata, Grammatophora, 79, 178.
Prochilus (subg.), 454.
Prochilus calobapta, 457.
calobaptus, 456.
dryas, 456.
partuloides, 462.
virgata, 456.
virgatus, 456.
prodiga, Navicula, 116.
producta, Laetmonice, 183.
propeplanus, Hyalodiscus, 84, 178.
proteus, Amphora, 26, 27.
pruinosus, Actinocycius, 13.
Pseudo-Amphiprora, 96.
Pseudo-Auliscus, 146.
pseudo-clavata, Navicula, 116, 180.
Pseudo-Eunotia, 140.
doliolus, 140, 181.
pseudomarginata, Cocconeis, 64.
Pseudo-Stictodiscus, 168.
angulatus, 168.
Pseudo-Synedra, 86.
Pseudotriceratium, 162.
Psilocidaris, 244, 282, 285.
echinulata, 283, 284 (fig.), 308, 310,
Silly
Ptychostylus cepoides, 431.
pudens, Navicula, 7, 117, 180.
puella, Navicula, 8, 117.
pugio, Navicula, 117.
pulchella, Acryptolaria, 199, 210.
Biddulphia, 44, 80, 81.
Cryptolaria, 210.
Mastogloia, 91.
Triceratium cornutum, 44.
pulchellum, Triceratium, 44.
pulcherrima, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea),
381
Nitzschia, 8, 128.
Synedra, 159, 182.
pulchra, Amphora, 26, 176.
Rutilaria, 143.
57,
INDEX
pulchrior, Cochlostyla (Prechilus), 458.
Cochlostyla virgata, 457.
Helicostyla virgata, 457.
Helicostyla (Prochilus)
457.
pulverulenta, Navicula, 117, 180.
punctata, Biddulphia, 44, 48.
Grammatophora, 79.
Hyalosira, 141.
punctatum, Trigonium, 169-171.
punctulatus, Actinocyclus, 12, 13.
Campylodiscus, 7, 54.
pustulatus, Coscinodiscus, 69.
Pycnotheca, 197.
pygmaea, Biddulphia, 44.
Pyxidicula, 76.
Quadras, J. F., 375.
quadrasi, Amphidromus, 500.
Opisthoporus, 323-325.
Coe oper quadrasi, 324, 325,
327.
quadrasi subsp., Opisthoporus, 327.
quadratum, Pleurosigma, 133.
quadratus, Auliscus, 33, 177.
quadriceps, Porpeia, 140.
quadridens, Thuiaria, 199, 214.
quadridentata, Pasythea, 199, 220.
quadridentata, Sertularia, 220.
quadrigibbum, Plagiogramma, 131.
quadrilateralis, Thuiaria, 214.
quinquecostata, Mastogloia, 91, 179.
quinquelobata, Amphipentas, 34.
quinquelobatum, Trigonium, 171.
rabenhorstianus, Campylodiscus, 8, 54.
radcliffei, Obba subhorizontalis, 355.
radfordianum, Trigonium, 150, 171.
radfordianus, Stictodiscus, 150, 166, 167.
radiata, Biddulphia, 44.
Rutilaria, 144.
radiatus, Coscinodiscus, 69.
Hemidiscus, 80.
Hyalodiseus, 85.
Stictodiscus, 150.
Zygoceros, 161.
patie au, Trigonium (Triceratium),
lysate
radiolatus, Cestodiscus, 171.
radio-punctatum, Triceratium, 42.
radiosus, Coscinodiscus, 68, 69.
raeana, Navicula, 118.
ralfsii, Campylodiscus, 50, 54.
ramosa, Aglaophenia, 232.
rarior, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysali-
diformis, 470, 473.
rattrayanus, Campylodiscus, 8, 54.
recedens, Aulacodiscus, 31, 176.
Surirella, 157.
recessa, Amphora, 27, 176.
recta, Antennella, 199, 227, 241.
Navicula lyra, 108.
rectangularis, Amphora, 27.
rectangulata, Navicula, 118.
recurvata, Histocidaris, 256.
Obba listeri, 345, 351.
Obbina listeri, 351.
regalis, Campyloneis, 55.
regina, Trinacria, 172.
reini, Cidaris (Cidaris), 292.
virgata,
561
reini, Cidaris (Dorocidaris), 292.
Dorocidaris, 292.
Stylocidaris, 292, 294 (fig.), 299, 309.
Tretocidaris, 292.
reniformis, Coscinodiscus, 69, 150, 151.
Surirella, 70, 151, 157.
reticulata, Biddulphia, 38, 45.
Donkinia, 75.
reticulatus, Asteromphalus, 30.
Auliseus, 33.
reticulum, Trigonium, 171.
retiformis, Biddulphia, 45, 177.
retinenda, Navicula, 118.
retrostauros, Navicula, 118, 180.
rex, Coscinodiscus, 66, 70.
Rhabdocidaris bispinosa, 258.
Rhabdonema, 9, 141.
adriaticum, 141.
arcuatum, 141.
mirificum, 141.
sutum, 141, 181.
Rhaphoneis, 61, 73, 142.
amphiceros, 142.
bilineata, 142.
mammalis, 60-62.
Rhizoselenia, 2.
Rhizosolenia, 82, 142.
hebetata, 142.
setigera, 142.
Rhoicosigma, 74, 131, 132, 142.
compactum, 143.
oceanicum, 143.
robustum, 143.
weissflogii, 143.
rhombeum, Pleurosigma, 138.
rhombica, Amphora, 27
Navicula, 119.
rhomboides, Frustulia, 147.
rhombus, Mastogloia, 8, 91.
Rhopalocidaris, 272, 273.
hirsutispina, 275.
hirsutispina viridis, 243, 273, 274
(fig.), 308, 310, 311.
richardsoniana, Navicula, 109.
richi, Obba mesai, 357, 358.
rigens, Pleurosigma, 138, 181.
rigidum, Pleurosigma, 138.
rimosa, Hydrosilicon, 85.
rivalis, Campylodiscus, 55.
rizalana, Obba marmorata, 338, 340.
robertsiana, Biddulphia, 45.
robertsianus, Campylodisceus, 51, 55.
robusta, Coeconeis, 62.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) albolabris,
4
93.
Navicula, 119.
Plagiogramma gregorianum, 130.
Stauroneis, 112.
Stephanopyxis, 84, 92, 93.
Synedra, 160.
robustum, Pleurosigma, 136.
Rhoicosigma, 1438.
robustus, Asteromphalus, 30,
Coscinodiscus, 67.
roissyana, Cochlostyla, 389, 394, 397,
398
98.
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea), 381, 386,
391.
562
roissyana, Cochlostyla
roissyana, 387, 393.
Helicostyla, 393, 394.
Helicostyla (Calocochlea), 394.
Helix, 389, 393, 394, 397.
Helix (Callicochlias), 394.
roissyana var., Cochlostyla, 397.
var., Helix, 391.
var. c, Cochlostyla, 391.
var. d, Cochlostyla, 397.
var. d, Helix, 389.
var. e, Cochlostyla, 396.
var. m, Cochlostyla, 391.
var. q, Cochlostyla, 398.
rollei, Cochlostyla, 489, 493.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis), 487, 488,
502, 504.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei, 488.
Helicostyla (Chrysallis), 488.
Roperia, 1438, 146.
tessellata, 148, 181.
roperiana, Biddulphia, 45.
roperianus, Asteromphalus, 30.
rosea, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) roseo-
Jabra, 497-499.
Ee Cochlostyla (Chrysallis),
497.
Cogelostyln (Chrysallis) roseolabra,
49
rotula, Actinocyclus, 13.
rotundus, Cerataulus, 37.
rubida, Stylocidaris reini, 293, 295, 308,
310.
rubra, Stereocidaris grandis, 301, 309.
rudis, Biddulphia, 45, 177.
rufa, Campanularia, 210, 211.
Zygophylax, 199, 210.
rufogaster, Bulimus, 331, 334, 335.
Cochlostyla, 329-337.
Cochlostyla rufogaster, 331, 334.
Helix (Bulima), 334.
Orthostyla, 334, 335.
Orthostylus, 334.
rufogaster subsp., Cochlostyla, 337.
rufogastra, Bulimus, 335.
Cochlostyla, 330, 333, 335.
Helicostyla, 335.
Rutilaria, 143, 144.
epsilon, 144.
philippinarum, 143.
pulchra, 143.
radiata, 144.
tenuicornis, 144.
Sabellariidae, 190.
sablayana, Obba mesai, 357, 358.
salcedoi, Obba planulata, 361, 364.
salinarum, Nitzschia, 128.
samoensis, Campylodiscus, 50, 52, 55.
Navicula, 119.
sansibarica, Mastogloia, 91, 92.
sapolana, Cochlostyla (Helicostyla) ful-
gens, 400, 404.
sarcinosa, Cochlostyla (Helicobulinus),
433.
sarcochroa, Obba, 343.
Obba sarcochroa, 356.
sarniensis, Amphora, 28.
scabriuscula, Amphora, 22.
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
(Calocochlea) | scalaris, Amphora, 26.
Campylodiscus, 54.
Obba listeri, 351, 353.
Scalpellum, 299.
sceptrifera, Stereocidaris, 292.
sceptriferoides, Stereocidaris, 306.
Sceptroneis, 144.
cuneata, 144, 159, 181.
Schizocidaris, 275, 276, 282.
assimilis, 276, 279, 280.
fasciata, 243, 276, 280, 281 (fig.),
308, 310, 311.
serrata, 243, 276, 278-279 (fig.),
308, 310, 311.
schleinitzii, Actinodiscus, 13.
Polymyxus, 14.
Surirella, 49, 156, 157.
schmidtii, Amphora, 8, 27.
Auliscus, 33.
Biddulphia, 46.
Campylodiscus, 54.
Schmitt, W. L., 183.
schneideri, Scoliopleura, 90.
Schuettia, 14.
scimiter, Climacosphenia, 59, 177.
scintillans, Coscinodiscus, 64.
scitula, Biddulphia, 8, 39, 46.
Biddulphia (Triceratium), 35.
scitulum, Biddulphia (Triceratium), 38.
Triceratium, 39, 46.
scitulus, Coscinodiscus, 70, 178.
Scoliopleura, 59, 71, 90, 94, 144.
latestriata, 144.
partistriata, 144, 181.
peisonis, 90.
schneideri, 90.
thumi, 144.
tumida, 89.
Scoliotropis, 144.
tumida, 144.
scolopendra, Chaetoceros, 57.
scopulorum, Navicula, 147, 148.
Okedenia, 148.
sculptum, Trigonium, 170, 171.
scutellum, Cocconeis, 62.
Secallia, 80, 144.
caballeroi, 81, 144, 178.
secedens, Biddulphia, 46.
secunda, Aglaophenia (Lytocarpia), 234.
secundus, Lytocarpus, 234.
seductilis, Navicula, 119.
sejuncta, Navicula, 117.
semistauros, Navicula, 119, 180.
Semper, Carl, 375.
separabilis, Navicula, 8, 99, 120.
seriata, Mastogloia, 92.
serpentina, Grammatophora, 79.
serrata, Discocidaris, 276.
Schizocidaris, 243, 276, 278-279
(fig.), 308, 310, 311.
serratula, Navicula, 120, 180.
serrulata, Navicula, 7.
Obelia, 202.
Sertaria, 198.
Sertomminae, 196.
Sertularella, 197, 204, 214, 221.
cornuta, 195, 199, 215, 216, 241.
mirabilis, 199, 216, 241.
INDEX
Sertularella philippinensis, 199, 217.
polyzonias, 216.
polyzonias cornuta, 215.
Sertularia, 196.
digitalis, 218.
divergens, 199, 213.
dubia, 213.
minuta, 213.
pennaria, 234.
quadridentata, 220.
tenuis, 213.
tubitheca, 221.
Sertularidae, 196, 199, 213.
Sertularinae, 196.
sessile, Halecium, 202.
setigera, Biddulphia, 46.
Rhizosolenia, 142.
setosa, Melosira, 92.
shadboltianum, Triceratium, 40.
sibolonensis, Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas)
mateoi, 422, 425.
Obba listeri, 345, 346.
signa, Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas) florida,
411, 414.
significans, Surirella, 158, 182.
sima, Amphora, 27, 176.
simile, Pleurosigma, 138.
similis, Campylodiscus, 158.
simplex, Bulimus, 449, 450.
Cochlostyla, 450.
Cochlostyla (Eudoxus), 449, 453.
Eudoxus, 449.
Helicostyla, 450.
Phengus, 450.
Stictodiscus, 150.
simulator, Navicula, 120, 180.
sinuata, Amphora, 28.
Mastogloia, 91, 92.
Skeletonema, 92, 94, 145, 161.
barbadense, 145.
costatum, 145.
mediterraneanum, 145.
mirabile, 145.
smithi, Obba listeri, 345, 351.
smithii, Cerataulus, 44.
Navicula, 106, 121.
sociale, Chaetoceros, 57.
solaris, Navicula, 111.
solida, Cochlostyla roissyana, 398.
Helix, 398.
solidus, Bulimus, 398.
Solium, 172.
sparsus, Actinocyclus, 12, 13.
Sedge toe Fae Aulacodiscus oregon-
us, 31.
spathulata, Nitzschia, 128.
Podocystis, 140.
spathulatum, Euphyllodium, 140.
speciosum, Pleurosigma, 139.
spectabilis, Amphora, 21, 23.
Lytocarpus, 199, 234.
Navicula, 107, 121, 180.
spectabilsi, Amphora, 6.
spendidus, Coscinodiscus, 66.
Sphinctocystis, 9.
spiculifera, Navicula, 121, 180.
spinosum, Triceratium, 46.
spinulosa, Biddulphia, 46.
563
spiralis, Hebella, 198, 208, 241.
splendens, Actinocyclus, 13.
Actinoptychus, 15.
splendida, Mastogloia, 92.
Navicula, 98, 117, 122.
splendida var., Navicula, 7.
squamosa, Mastogloia, 92.
Stauroneis, 95, 112, 113.
apiculata, 61.
obesa, 62, 111.
robusta, 112.
staurophora, Denticula, 130.
stauroptera, Navicula (Pseudo-Amphi-
prora), 96.
Steatodryas (subg.), 430.
Steatodryas cepoides, 432.
Stechowia, 196, 230.
armata, 199, 230, 242.
Steere, J. B., 375.
steerei, Cochlostyla (Eudoxus), 451.
Stegopoma dimorpha, 198, 206, 241,
fasciata, 206.
fastigiata, 205.
gilberti, 207.
gracilis, 198, 205.
medusiformis, 205, 206.
plicatile, 195, 198, 204.
stelliger, Hyalodiseus, 85.
Stephanocidaris bispinosa, 259,
glandulosa, 256.
Stephanopyxis, 75, 76, 92, 93, 145, 161.
(Stephanopyxis) Pyxidicula, 76.
Stephanopyxis aculeata, 145.
appendiculata, 145.
brunii, 145.
robusta, 84, 92, 93.
turris, 145.
turris arctica inermis, 93.
Stereocidaris, 299.
grandis, 299, 301, 309.
grandis rubra, 301, 309.
indica, 303.
microtuberculata, 300, 302, 309.
sceptrifera, 292.
sceptriferoides, 306.
sceptriferoides lamellata, 304, 305
(fig.), 309, 310, 311.
Stictocyclus, 13, 146.
varicus, 146, 181.
Stictodesmis, 147, 148.
australis, 147.
stictodiscus, Actinocyclus, 13, 146.
Stictodiscus, 29, 146, 149, 150, 162, 163,
165, 168.
affinis, 149.
anceps, 166.
argus, 149.
bicoronatum, 167.
bicoronatus, 166—168.
ealifornicus, 149, 150, 163, 181.
eulensteinii, 149, 166.
japonicus, 149.
johnsonianus, 162.
kittonianus, 149.
kossuthii, 29.
multifureatus, 149.
multiplex, 149, 166.
nankoorensis, 149.
064
Stictodiscus nitidus, 150, 181.
parallelus, 150.
parallelus gibbosa, 150.
radfordianus, 150, 166, 167.
radiatus, 150.
simplex, 150.
varians, 150.
stockhardtii, Auliscus, 33.
stokesiana, Biddulphia, 46.
Stoschia, 150.
admirabilis, 70, 150, 151.
strangulata, Navicula, 100, 123.
striata, Cyclotella, 71.
strigosum, Pleurosigma, 139.
studeri, Surirella, 154, 158, 182.
Stylifer, 291.
Stylocidaris, 285, 291, 299.
annulosa, 294 (fig.), 296, 298 (fig.),
308-310, 312.
bracteata, 258.
effluens, 285, 290 (fig.), 292, 294,
308-310, 312.
reini, 292, 294 (fig.), 299, 309.
reini cladothrix, 293, 294 (fig.),
296, 309, 310.
reini rubida, 293, 295, 308, 310.
tiara, 292.
Stylodon dolium, 4381.
Stylodonta dolium, 431.
subacuta, Navicula, 122.
subangulatus, Actinoptychus, 15.
subatra, Cochlostyla (Calocochlea), 393.
Cochlostyla roissyana, 389.
Cochlostyla (Calocochlea) roissy-
ana, 387, 389.
Helicostyla roissyana, 389.
supe e Tce Nitzschia marginulata,
uli
subhorizontalis, Obba, 348, 355.
Obba subhorizontalis, 355.
suboscitans, Navicula, 112, 122.
Navicula oscitans, 112.
subpallida, Cochlostyla (Prochilus) cuy-
oensis, 465, 466.
subplanulata, Obba listeri, 345, 353, 354.
subrigidum, Pleurosigma, 139.
subrufa, Campanularia, 211.
subscalaris, Obbina listeri
Sols bs!
subsessilis, Achnanthes, 11.
subspinosa, Biddulphia reticulata, 45.
substauroneiformis, Navicula approxi-
mata, 7, 94.
substauroniformis,
mata, 7.
subtilis, Actinocyclus, 13.
Coscinodiscus, 70.
Hyalodiscus, 12, 84, 85.
sound Navicula (oscitans var.?),
2.
subvelatus, Coscinodiscus, 68.
suffata, Cymatoneis, 72, 178.
suffocata, Navicula, 122, 180.
sulcata, Cymatoneis, 8, 71, 73, 122.
Navicula, 122.
sulcatum, Plagiogramma, 131.
suluense, Pleurosigma, 139, 181.
suluensis, Surirella, 158, 182.
recurvata,
Navicula approxi-
BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
sumbawana, Surirella, 151.
superba, Nitzschia, 126, 128.
Surirella, 70, 151, 155, 156.
apiae, 155.
bertillonii, 151, 181.
castracanei, 151.
ceylanensis, 151, 154, 157.
ceylanensis oblongistriata, 151.
comis, 152.
concentrica, 152, 181.
contigua, 152, 181.
continuata, 153, 181.
craticula, 147.
cuneata, 153.
cuneatella, 153, 181.
curvifacies, 154.
deflexa, 154, 156.
facilis, 154, 182.
fastuosa, 7, 153-156, 159.
fausta, 155, 182.
fluminensis, 7, 155.
foliata, 152, 181.
gemma, 152.
grandiuscula, 155.
gravis, 155, 181.
hybrida, 155.
imitans, 155, 181.
incurvata, 154, 156.
intercedens, 156.
japonica, 157.
lata, 156, 157.
lata macraeana, 157.
laxa, 156.
macraeana, 154, 156, 157,°181, 182.
mexicana, 157.
mollis, 156, 188.
multicostata, 151.
orientalis, 156, 182.
pacifica, 157.
patens, 157.
recedens, 157.
reniformis, 70, 151, 157.
schleinitzii, 49, 156, 157.
significans, 158, 182.
studeri, 154, 158, 182.
suluensis, 158, 182.
sumbawana, 151.
tahitiana, 159.
trauensteinii, 154.
tridens, 153.
sutum, Rhabdonema, 141, 181.
sylvanoides, Cochlostyla, 456, 459.
Cochlostyla virgata, 457.
Helicostyla virgata, 457.
sylvanus, Bulimus, 456, 487.
Bulinus, 455, 458.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 460.
symmetricus, Coscinodiscus, 70.
Syndendrium diadema, 159.
Synedra, 140, 144, 159.
crystallina, 159.
cuneata, 159.
formosa, 160.
fulgens, 159.
pulcherrima, 159, 182.
robusta, 160.
undulata, 160.
Synthecidae, 199, 221.
INDEX
Synthecium flabellum, 221.
tubithecum, 199, 221.
Syringidium, 160.
americanum, 160.
daemon, 160.
diadema, 56.
tabellaria, Biddulphia, 46.
Navicula, 94.
tabellarium, Biddulphia (Triceratium),
taeniatus, Campylodiscus, 55.
Taeniogyrus cidaridis, 302.
tahitiana, Surirella, 159.
temperei, Amphiprora, 17.
Biddulphia, 46.
tenarius, Actinoptychus, 15.
tenera, Cochlostyla, 422, 423, 426, 427.
Cochlostyla (Cochlodryas), 423,
429.
Helicostyla, 422, 423.
Helix, 422, 423, 426, 427.
Helix (Cochlogena), 422, 427.
tenuicornis, Rutilaria, 144.
tenuirostris, Halicornaria, 199, 237, 242.
tenuis, Sertularia, 213.
tenuispina, Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris),
264, 266 (fig.), 268 (fig.), 270, 285,
307, 308, 310, 311.
tenuistauros, Achnanthes, 11, 176.
Terpsinoe, 160.
intermedia, 160.
musica, 160.
terroris, Amphora, 21.
tesselatum, Plagiogramma, 77, 1381.
Tessella, 9.
tessellata, Roperia, 143, 181.
tetragibba, Amphora, 28.
Thalassiothrix, 160.
frauenfeldii, 160.
Thaumatonema, 161.
Thecocarpus, 236, 237.
balei, 199, 236, 242.
thornelyi, Obelia, 198, 202.
Thuiaria, 196.
elegans, 220.
quadridens, 199, 214.
quadrilateralis, 214.
thumi, Scoliopleura, 144.
thumii, Dictyoneis, 108.
Navicula (Dictyoneis), 123.
thuringicum, Gyrosigma, 9.
Thyroscyphinae, 196.
Thyroscyphus, 203.
marginatus, 198, 2038.
tiara, Stylocidaris, 292.
titiana, Biddulpbia, 170.
toppingi, Cochlostyla rufogaster, 336.
Toxonidia, 131, 142.
transfuga, Navicula, 116.
translucens, Navicula, 123, 180.
transversa, Cocconeis, 64.
transversale, Pleurosigma, 135.
trauensteinii, Surirella, 154.
Treadwell, Aaron L., on four new species
of polychaetous annelids, 313.
on polychaetous annelids, including
one new genus and three new
species, 183.
565
Tretocidaris reini, 292.
Tribrachia, 160.
pellucida, 161, 182.
Triceratium, 42, 161, 162, 164, 168, 172,
annulatum, 14.
areolatum, 40.
armatum, 46.
bicorne, 38.
castelliferum, 48.
cellulosum, 42.
circulare, 40.
concavum, 35.
cornutum, 44.
cornutum pulchella, 44.
cyclamen, 34.
dulce, 173.
eulensteinii, 166, 167.
eulensteinii inornata, 166, 167.
expressum, 42.
fimbriatum, 47.
forresterii, 37.
galapagense, 166-168.
globosum, 40.
grave, 46.
heteroporum, 167.
(Biddulphia) heteroporum, 166,
168.
japonicum, 35.
jensenianum, 40.
lineolatum, 40.
madagascarense, 42.
marylandicum, 14.
multiplex, 166, 167.
neogradense, 14.
partitum, 42.
pauperculum, 173.
petitianum, 43.
portuosum, 166.
pulchellum, 44.
radio-punctatum, 42.
robertsianum inermis, 47.
scitulum, 39, 46.
shadboltianum, 40.
spinosum, 46.
trigonium, 14.
trisuleum, 47.
turriferum, 47, 48.
venulosum, 39, 46.
venulosum diplosticta, 46.
tridens, Surirella, 153.
Tridentata, 196, 197, 198.
tridentata, Cerion, 455.
trigonium, Triceratium, 14.
eo 35, 81, 161, 162, 164, 168,
172.
antarcticum, 164.
arcticum, 34, 161, 164,'166, 169, 171.
arctium, 161.
balaena, 34, 161, 170.
bicoronatum, 149, 161, 165, 169,
182.
caelatum, 162.
cinnamomeum, 8, 162.
contumax, 162, 182.
cyclamen, 161.
diaphanum, 163, 169, 182.
dissimile, 165, 170.
566 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
tumida, Scoliopleura, 89.
Scoliotropis, 144.
tumulifer, Amphora, 28, 176.
tuomeyi, Biddulphia, 47.
turbo, Bulimus (Orthostylus), 433.
Cochlodryas, 433.
Cochlostyla, 433, 434.
Cochlostyla (Helicobulinus), 433.
Cochlostyla (Rhymbocochlias), 434.
Cochlostyla cinerascens, 433
Helicobulinus, 433.
Helicostyla, 434.
Helix, 483.
turgescens, Navicula, 123.
turgida, Amphora, 28.
Biddulphia, 47.
turgidus, Cerataulus, 43, 44,
turriferum, Triceratium, 47, 48.
turrigera, Biddulphia, AZ, 177.
turris, Stephanopyxis, 145
turturinganus, Opisthoporus quadrasi,
325, 326.
ultima, Cochlostyla (Hypselostyla) cin-
cinniformis, 436, 439.
Cochlostyla (Hypselostylus) cin-
cinniformis, 436.
Helicostyla cincinniformis, 436.
umbraculum, Goniocidaris, Die wala:
undulata, Melosira, 93.
Trigonium dulce, 165.
eulensteinii, 149, 161, 166-168, 170,
iil:
formosum, 164, 169.
formosum var., 164.
frauenfeldii, 169.
geminum, 169.
gibbosum, 169.
heteroporum, 167, 169.
inelegans, 1
inelegans micropora, 169.
inglorium, 169.
latum, 165, 169, 170, 171.
margaritiferum, 162.
membranaceum, 42, 170.
multiplex, 167, 170.
pardus, 170.
plenum, 162.
punctatum, 169-171.
quinquelobatum, ily
radfordianum, 150, 171.
(Triceratium) radiolatum, 171.
reticulum, 171.
sculptum, 170, 171.
weissflogii, 162.
zonulatum, 170, 171.
trilingulatus, Actinoptyechus, 14, 15.
Trinacria, 172.
limpida, 172, 182.
regina, 172. Synedra, 160.
tripedalis, 173, 182. undulatus, Actinoptychus, 14, 15.
wittii, 172. undulosa, Biddulphia, 48, dite
unitaeniata, Cochlostyla cincinniformis,
441.
United States Exploring Expedition, 375.
urens, Aglaophenia, 199, 232, 235.
ustulata, Chrysallis chrysalidiformis,
4
Cochlostyla, 470, 477.
Helicostyla (Chrysallis), 479.
ustulatus, Bulimus, 476, 477.
Cochlostyla chrysalidiformis, 477.
Helicostyla chrysalidiformis, 477.
vacillans, Navicula, 124.
vaga, Tropidoneis, 174, 182.
valida, Nitzschia, 8, 128.
valida var., Nitzschia, 8.
validum, Plagiogramma, Midis
Van Heurckia, 10.
van huerckii, Asterolampra, 29.
Plagiogramma, 41.
varaderoana, Cochlostyla (Cochlostyla)
hydrophana, 408, 410.
Obba planulata, 361, 363, 365.
varians, Bacteriastrum, 56, 57.
Chaetoceros (Bacteriastrum), 58.
Stictodiseus, 150.
varicus, Stictocyclus, 146, 181.
variolatus, Coscinodiscus, 8, Wl lites
vaszaryi, Nayicula, 12.
velata, Navicula, 124.
ventricosa, Achnanthes, 11.
ventricosus, Hemidiscus, 80.
venulosum, Triceratium, 39, 46.
venusta, Navicula, 124, 180.
verdensis, Obba planulata, 361, 362, 370.
vermiculata, Nitzschia, 128.
vermiculatus, Echinodiscus, 75, 178.
tripedalis, Trinacria, 173, 182.
Tripodiscus, 9.
tripos, Biddulphia, 46.
eee Aglaophenia, 199, 219, 232,
42.
trisinua, Biddulphia, 47, Vit.
trisulcum, Triceratium, 47.
ey Cochlostyla cincinniformis,
ie
triumphans, Campylodiscus, 7, 55.
Trochosira, 92.
Tropidoneis, 16, 59, 71, 173, 175.
approximata, 173
fragilis, 173, 174.
javanica, 173
lata, 174.
lepidoptera, 174, 175.
maxima, 174
membranacea, 174.
membraneacea, 173.
oblonga, 174.
phantasma, 174, 182.
vaga, 174, 182.
truanii, Plagiogramma, 129.
tryblionella, Nitzschia, 128.
tuberculata, Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris)
tenuispina, 268-270 (fig.), 271, 272,
307, 308, 310, 311.
tubicola, Nitzschia, 128.
tubiformis, Coscinodiscus, 70.
tubitheca, Sertularia, 221.
tubithecum, Synthecium, 199, 221.
Tubularidae, 198, 200.
tumescens, Biddulphia, 47.
Nitzschia distans, 8, 126.
tumida, Navicula, 89.
INDEX
versicolor, Amphidromus, 560.
verticillata, Phyllacanthus, 260.
Plococidaris, 260.
Prionocidaris, 260.
vespa, Diploneis, 124.
Navicula, 124.
vesparella, Navicula, 124, 180.
vexator, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) rollei,
488-490.
viaregis, Cerion, 454.
villosa, Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) chrysa-
lidiformis, 470, 473, 475.
virgata, Amphora, 24.
Bulimus, 481.
Cochlostyla, 456, 457.
Cochlostyla (Prochilus), 454, 455,
457, 460, 462, 465.
Helicostyla, 457.
Helicostyla (Prochilus), 457.
Prochilus, 456.
virgatus, Amphidromus, 486.
Bulimus, 455, 456, 459.
Bulimus (Amphidromus), 456.
Bulinus, 455.
Prochilus, 456.
virginea, Cochlostyla, 451, 452.
Helicostyla, 451, 452.
Helicostyla (Kudoxus), 452.
virginicum, Pleurosigma, 13838.
virgo, Cochlostyla (Corasia) 380.
viridis, Rhopalocidaris hirsutispina, 243,
273, 274 (fig.), 308, 310, 311.
vitrea, Amphora ostrearia, 25.
Vivipara, 455.
vulpecula, Navicula, 124.
567
wagneri, Bulimus, 501, 512.
Bulimus aspersus, 512.
wagneri, Chrysallis, 512.
Cochlostyla, 512.
Cochlostyla (Chrysallis) = aspersa.
501, 503, 512.
Cochlostyla mindoroensis, 501.
wallichianus, Campylodiseus, 55.
wallichii, Bacteriastrum, 57.
Chaetoceros, 57.
weissflogii, Amphora, 28.
Brebissonia, 119.
Navicula, 8, 125, 180.
Nitzschia, 7, 128, 180.
Rhoicosigma, 143.
Trigonium, 162.
Willemoesia, 175.
elongata, 175.
humilis, 175.
willemoesii, Onuphis (Nothria), 319.
williamsonii, Glyphodesmis, 77.
wittii, Trinacria, 172.
Wood, W. W., 374.
Worcester, Dean C., 378, 375, 376.
Xanthiopyxis, 145.
yarrensis, Navicula, 118, 125.
zebra, Epithemia, 16, 77.
zebuana, Nitzschia, 129, 180.
Nitzschia plana, 129.
zebuanus, Campylodiscus, 49.
zonulatum, Trigonium, 170, 171.
zostereti, Navicula, 125.
Zygoceros radiatus, 161.
Zygophylax convallaria, 195, 199, 211.
curvitheca, 196, 199, 212, 241.
rufa, 199, 210.
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