Renee TN ONG Pte a fs SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 100 VOLUME 6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO AND ADJACENT REGIONS PAPERS ON PHILIPPINE DIATOMS, ANNELIDS, HYDROIDS, ECHINOIDS, AND MOLLUSKS PEAE-INCHS Leite UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1939 ee ee ee A Tt ee, \ a aC one SS ouniiret aera Pe , ae sacle garth eyey qantas LA a ‘ . ane wiksitet,..” | E ‘ os) # lan ia fi + a 3 dah eee i oe mT a ae My TONITE avr Op Bea ait ont As 01 Sea Ry ae Maa ae E asornss | cA aS B .auovisios , sree fo AiR ert ae sat tet fi USI tetirdin to ts nai) iat ibe eae onwesaallon ties 1d: 2 “i _ anil oxin O1sED & bisef mal ai ovpiod ven sor : ya to ee te a bolita 4% 9 cotati eis! daiier od 5 ; | v; Sheol als TMD CULE Pant iP 20 AG LATiO® SNe =. avatee Hi eauiis 51h unary werOrar Les oa oid Miata, lita fs Ab ats, mipenrt fr ay ri leen hu a on) io! er, nslicg hic wiusdeg PeveRy at pthtyet att in v aye OOD) Ove Cae eM at&t Taye 4a . nh) , Oat ayy | \ Keaton Raawe Anosnes halon RARE RAL ER ,; Q , o> 67 oy CONTENTS Part 1. Marine diatoms of the Philippine Islands. By Albert Mann. Published: Juneton LOZ). wa ee eet esas SSeS ese ImproduchlOnee sor5= sos eee ee hele ee ee cae ae Sates es Similarity of Campeche Bay and Philippine Islands diatom floras _-- - List of Campeche Bay—Philippine diatoms-_-_---------------------- Nomenclaturees 4) Sie. 28 Seer eS a ese seem Genera and species, with systematic discussions____----.---------- Part 2. Additions to the polychaectous annelids collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albaiross, 1907-1910, including one new genus and three new species. By Aaron L. Treadwell. Published INovembert20 192Gb 22 ou = eal SS ee Be ee See Part 3. Report on the Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907-1910. By Charles Co Nutting | PublishedsApril.27;-l027es. 2328 5. te see INGTOOUC TIONS. < 26. © not aie Saye a Sie at ee ek oe Systematic review of the hydroids 622-2 es eee ae eae Bibliography—=< 0 Gos 4 ype ee ee ee os oe et ee Part 4. Report on the Echinoidea collected by the United States Fish- eries steamer Albatross during the Philippine expedition, 1907- 1910. Part 1. The Cidaridae. By Theodor Mortensen. Pub- lished September 10,1927 21 Ses Ue he 2 Ore 2 oa Part 5. Four new species of polychaetous annelids collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross during the Philippine expedition of 1907-1910. By Aaron L. Treadwell. Published October 31, Part 6. The Philippine land mollusks of the genus Opisthoporus. By Pal BartschassbublishedisumenS O32 = eos) 2 lee eee ee ees Part 7. The Philippine land mollusks Cochlostyla rufogaster and Obba marmorata and their races. By Paul Bartsch. Published August Wochipsiyla-rujogasier and. its Tacess... = 26 aes ee eee eek Gbba-narmorata andyits-races* uss cts ee So eeeeneeel «a7. Part 8. The land shells of the genus Obba from Mindoro Province, Philip- pine Islands. By Paul Bartsch. Published April 1, 1933___------ Part 9. The tree snails of the genus Cochlostyla of Mindoro Province, Philippine Islands. By Paul Bartsch. Published February 26, Page oon ore —_ 183 195 195 198 239 243 313 323 329 329 337 343 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES MARINE D1iaroms OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS By Albert Mann 1=39: -Diatoms' of the Philippine Islands’ =~ 22. = 2272 s228S2 se ees Report ON THE HyprRoIpA CoLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES STEAMER “‘ALBATROSS” IN THE PHILIPPINE REGION, 1607-1910 By Charles C. Nutting 40. New species of Siegopoma and Hebella_._.-----------+------- 41. New species of Acryptolaria, Zygophylax, and Dictyocladium_-_- 42. Gonosomes of Sertularella and Diphasta__.-_-.---------------- 43. New species of Diphasia and Plumularia_...._..-.----------- 44. New species of Plumularia and Antennella_____...------------ 45. Gonosome of Acanthella and a new species of Antennopsis__--- 46. New genus Stechowia and new species of Aglaophenia_-__-_-_----- 47. New species of Thecocarpus and Halicornaria__..__.-_.------- REPORT ON THE ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FIsHeRIES STEAMER “‘ALBATROSS’ DURING THE PHILIPPINE EXPEDITION, 1907-1910. Part 1. Tur Criparipar By Theodor Mortensen 48-80. Echinoidea collected by the Albatross___._.....-..-.--------- Tue PxintippIneE Lanp Mo.Luvusks or THE GENUS OPISTHOPORUS By Paul Bartsch 81. The Philippine species of Opisthoporus_.......--------------- 82. Relief map showing the distribution of Opisthoporus in the Philippines =... 2. 25k ee ees eee THE PHILirpine Lanp Mo.uusks CocHLOsTyLA RUFOGASTER AND OBBA MARMORATA AND THEIR RACES By Paul Bartsch 83-85. Races of Cochlostyla rufogaster 86. Obba marmorata and its races THe Lanp SHELLS or THE GENUS OBBA FROM MINDORO PROVINCE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS By Paul Bartsch 87. Relief map of Mindoro Province, showing localities from which Specimens of Obba were obtained. 2.) 2. en ee 88-89. Subspecies of Obba gallinula and O. listeri o0.. forms of four species of Obba.. a2, ee 91-93. Subspecies of Obba mesai and O. planulata VI 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 312 327 327 342 342 343 371 371 371 94-115. 116-118. 119. 120. 1-12. 13-20. moO nD = m= © © 00 SIO ON — 13. 14. 15. 16. Wie 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. ILLUSTRATIONS Toe Tree SNAILS OF THE GENUS CocHLOsTYLA oF MINDORO PROVINCE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS By Paul Barisch Species and subspecies’of Cochlostyla__._-_....----.---------- Maps of Mindoro Province, showing localities where collections WERE IAG Ce aes eee meee ue Men eee see te ee NG het es Be eee Map of the islands northwest of Mindoro- -__-_-_-_------------ Map of the islands southeast of Mindoro__--__-___--.-------_- TEXT FIGURES ADDITIONS TO THE PoLycHAETOUS ANNELIDS COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS,’’ 1907-1910, IncLuDING ONE NEw GENUS AND THREE NEw SPECIES By Aaron L. Treadwell LELECITLOTLICG TL UL2 CO eee Me ta A Oe Capi ne ECE NURS Dra a ae So Mane INCH EUSMITLOSELULCC ILS ES act a ea ete Oe ee Bet se Se eee REPORT ON THE ECHINOIDEA COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FIsHERIES STEAMER ‘“‘ALBATROSS’ DURING THE PHILIPPINE ExpEpiTion, 1907-1910. Partrl. Tur Ciparipar By Theodor Mortensen . Part of ambulacrum of Histocidaris magnifica________________- . Part of apical system of Histocidaris magnifica._.___.__..___--- Spicules from tube feet of Histoctdaris magnifica_____________- . Part of ambulacrum of Histocidaris acutispina and of Histoci- ees cE po eed ge, pet OE: Pd NI Oe Sa oe Ee Pe . Apical system)of Histocidaris acuisspina 224. 24. og es . Peristome of voung specimen of Fistocidaris elegans__________- . Apical system of young Histocidaris elegans____..____________-_ AMEN L system /Ofvll fstocidares Spa! ee Se TY el eee . Part of apical system of Goniocidaris (Discocidaris) peltata______ . Apical system of Goniocidaris (Cyrtocidaris) tenuispina_______- . Part of transverse section of primary spine of Gontocidaris (Cyrtoci- AR NCCU PS DTI Ra aaa ee i ANA eh ey eS Apical system of Rhopalocidaris hirsutispina viridis_._________- Part of apical system of Schizocidaris serrata____...__________- Details of hair-covering of primary spines of Schizocidaris serrata- Part of apical system of Schizocidaris fasciata_...____________- Part of apical system of Psilocidaris echinulata_______________- Apical system of Stylocidaris effluens_.......-......--.-----_- Hairs from the primary spines of Stylocidaris reini___________- Apical system of Stylocidaris annulosa___.__..-.._-_---------- Part of apical system of Stereocidaris sceptriferoides lamellata____ VIL Page 533 533 533 533 187 191 246 246 247 248 249 252 253 255 262 266 270 271 274 278 279 281 284 290 294 298 305 Vili eR wh BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Four New Species oF PotycHarTous ANNELIDS COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES STEAMER ‘‘ALBATROSS” DURING THE PHILIPPINE EXPEDITION OF 1907-1910 - By Aaron L. Treadwell . Macellicephala maculosa_...- -2 3-24 5225 2 eee sain htonela Clongaiasss = oe ne oe er eee eo > Onuphts branchiia.- 2). 5-2 Sees e sac se ae eee eee 2 Maldane philippinensis-~ {252 22. ee See ee ee Tue PuitippIns LAND MoLuLUSKS OF THE GENUS OPISTHOPORUS By Paul Bartsch . Opercuium of Opisthoporus2. 222 5-545 See a ee eee naa Page 314 315 318 320 Ditty rg DMP Hight goth Pitty WN ERRATA Marine Diatoms of the Philippine Islands By ALBERT MANN Bulletin 100, U. S. National Museum, vol. 6, pt. 1. . 15, line 20, for intermediate read indeterminate. P P. 17, under A. pelagica, for pl. 23 read pl. 22. 12 P 1% P 18, under A. arcuata, for pl. 25 read pl. 26. . 21, for A. deducta read A. diducta. . 22, line 9, for central read ventral. . 26, for A. polygonata read A. polyzonata, and on line 18 for fig. 8 read fig. 18. . of, line 27, for Pantocsek read Tempere. . 39, under B. fimbriata for pl. 2 read pl. 12. . 41, under B. indica for pl. 1 read pl. 2, and for B. inverta read B. inversa. . 49, under C. biangulatus for Micro. Journ., pl. 4, fig. 1 read Trans. Micro. Soc., pl. 3, fig. 2. . 50, under C. crebrecostatus for Micro. Journ., 1864 read Trans. Micro. Soe. 1868. . 52, under C. kittonianus for Micro. Journ., 1850 read Trans. Micro. Soc. 1860. . 7, under C. medusa for pl. 28 read pl. 29. 58, for C. foriatus read C. foreatus 5; also in index to pl. 18, fig. 1. 62, line 22, for C. robustus read O. robusta. 64, line 26, for Soc. read Sci. and for pl. 10 read pl. 9. 65, under C. concinnus for pl. 118 read pl. 114. 74, line 2, for D. minor read D. minus. 80, for HENSHAWIA read SHCALLIA Azpeitia, Diat. Espan., p. 217. 81, for H. biddulphioides read Secallia caballeroi, Azpeitia, Diat. Espan., pl. 6, figs. 6-7; also in index to pl. 11, figs. 1, 2. . 82, line 4, for general read genera. . 83, line 6, for Grunow read Gran. . 93, line 19, for M. bisereata read MV. biseriata. . 94, under NV. approximata omit pl. 4, fig. 10. . 97, under N. brasiliensis read reference as follows, pl. 6, figs. 20, 21, 23, Dole ars 101, under N. durandii for pl. 28 read pl. 30. . 103, for N. gemmulata read N. gemmatula. . 107, last line, for fig. 18 read fig. 68. . 109, line 21, for pl. 32, fig. 33 read pl. 14, fig. 15. 111, under NV. multicostaia for figs. 14, 20, read figs. 14-20. . 112, line 29, for oceliae read ocelli. . 114, line 7, for double-headed read double-beaded. 117, under N. puella for figs. 15-25 read fig. 15. 117, for NV. pulwulenta read N. pulverulenta; also in index to pl. 25, fig. 3. . 119, line 7, for pl. 1 read pl. 9. 120, under WV. Separabilis for 3-5, 7, 10 read figs. 3, 5-7, 10. 126, line 4, omit Micro, Journ., 1880. . 142, line 18, for bilineata read bilineatum. . 148, for Roperia tesselata read Roperia tesseliata. 144 bottom, add SECALLIA Azpeitia, Secallia caballeroi Azpeitia; see pp. 80-81. . 147, line 12, for cuspidada read cuspidata. . 158, line 18, for fig. 177 read fig. 17. . 170, lines 19, 28, 24 for titania read titiana. . 171, under 7’. radialatum omit See under Cestodiscus radiolatus, and add Schmidt Atlas, pl. 151, figs. 37, 38. 727290__96 i : c jf eee et 7) Sees : oe ; i stwiaies entre ghee af te enotent eS Pe eee Mer i eee Pen ' Mor: the c ; / F ie o a 7 - . Sng edie tien RS teresa Matias ahat haps apt a 3 Bethe iban’ Ga es Mae fret xy 3 a ths = = ; Mi ie eet al j iT) my fees Sieh sot 8) see a Bee ; ara 3 “4 : i ete: ie 4 eaeys Sie CAs RP AceE f. = ie Wretepon, freer Seren ties: Hers ai WE iss, DEMISE Soe ae ; Sele HOACe Ges. AVES eset a a 4 = hi Jy 4s Ue apart 9-5 A ote sg a TCE Bo he a, ena 9h feist ; eae y : 7 : a . » M ‘ a 6 bh =e # f ue) a, v ay ag 4 + oe fs af oe SIGHT Sa PFs ti eee i” 7 > MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS By ALBERT MANN Custodian, Section of Diatoms, United States National Museum INTRODUCTION The diatom flora of the Philippine Islands is easily recognizable as a subtropical one. Its forms as a class are large, elaborately orna- mented, and therefore very beautiful, and there is no preponderance of the so-called naviculoid forms, elongated diatoms of rather plain design, which are in such large majority in colder waters. This robust and ornate development is due mainly to temperature, the effect of which on the size and ornamentation of the diatoms has been studied by Schumann (Diat. Hoh. Tetra, p. 38), Heribaud (Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc., 1894, p. 491), and others. But abundant nourishment, including organic products in solution, and ample light are also contributory factors in the richness of the diatom flora of these islands. The locality is also a prolific one, both in the sense of the abundant number of individuals and in that of the great diversity of genera and species inhabiting these waters. It is generally found that colder seas, like the north and south polar regions, while producing rather plain diatoms, are richest in diatom life, as measured by the number of individuals in a given cubic area of water or of bottom material. But even in this particular I have yet to find any specimens of “marine ooze’ to equal some collected at Jolo Jolo. In the high percent- age of diatoms it contained it reminded me, though it actually surpassed, some material collected by the Shackleton South Polar Expedition at McMurdo Sound. In a paper on Organic Fertility of the North Pacific Ocean (Scripps Institute publications), E. L. Michael says that diatom ooze is very abundant in south polar regions, with isolated patches near the Aleutian and the Galapagos Islands, and he adds: “It is also reported from the Philippine region, an anomalous fact, since diatoms are most abundant in cold latitudes. ”’ The abundance expressed in number of genera and species above noted is, on the other hand, truly subtropical. Just as a prolific pro- duction of individuals is generally associated with cold waters, so a 1 2 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM prolific diversity of forms is more often met with in warm waters. In the Philippine flora there seems to be in this abundance of genera a fairly even gradation maintained that corresponds 4o the relative size of each genus. Thus of the large genus, Biddulphia, 70 species are recorded here; the enormous genus Navicula is represented by 149 species; Coscinodiscus is somewhat below its average with 36 species; Campylodiscus somewhat above with 47 species; the genus perhaps showing a markedly strong development is Amphora, which contributes the relatively large number of 56 species. Of course the many gatherings here included vary greatly in this respect; some are made up principally of round forms, others are decidedly Amphora gatherings, etc. There is here only occasional mention of strictly plankton diatoms, as no plankton gatherings were available for this investigation; and the few species recorded, chiefly Chaetoceros and Rhizoselenia, were stray individuals found in dredged samples, where a few plankton specimens would necessarily be expected. Next to the diatoms, the most abundant microorganisms were found to be the radioljaria and the spicules of sponges. As to foram- inifera, no estimate of their abundance was possible, because a careful survey of the material was not undertaken until after it had been prepared for diatom study by boiling in acids to remove the organic matter. This process, which leaves unaffected the siliceous diatoms, radiolaria, and spicules, destroys the calcareous foraminifera, together with all the softer organisms, such as copepods, annelids, nematodes, etc. But the preliminary examinations made to determine which samples were diatomaceous enables me to say that foraminifera were present in most of them and in some they were abundant. I regret to have to record that the exact location of most of the Philippine Island dredgings examined for this paper can not. be given. The labels, usually attached to the neck of the bottles of Albatross specimens, sometimes included on a slip of paper within the bottle, were in nearly every instance lacking. Those who made the collec- tions can find no explanation for this omission. In one or two bottles fragments of labels were found, but in most cases there was not even a trace of paper fiber discoverable under the microscope. But it is the unfortunate absence of these labels, and not the reason for their absence, that is of importance. The date of collecting, depth, and exact place on the coast where each sample was obtained are therefore wanting. It can however be said that these bottles without labels were unmistakably Philippine Island dredgings, as the letter P was in every case painted upon the cork of the bottle. The nature of the material in most cases, and especially in the samples richest in dia- toms, indicated that they were bottom samples taken in shallow bays or harbors rather than along the more exposed parts of the coast. MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 3 The richest sample among the many hundreds examined was fortu- nately known to have come from the neighborhood of Jolo Jolo, Sulu Island. A sort of whirlpool circling of waters coming in from differ- ent directions takes place at this point, and it is doubtless in part this huge movement serving to gather together and concentrate the solid material from the converging currents that explains the unusual rich- ness, both in species and numbers of individuals. It was also at this point that many species hitherto reported from the East India islands were found. : The Philippine Islands are very advantageously located with refer- ence to the great ocean currents, the chief carriers of diatoms from one part of the world to another. The great northern and the south- ern equatorial currents converge on the eastern and southern shores of the Philippines and spread their waters about the island group. Other currents skirt the islands of the East Indies, New Guinea, Celebes, and Borneo on their southern sides, Java on its north- ern side, Sumatra and parts of the Malay Peninsula on their east- ern sides; they then stream northward and northeastward to come to rest along the western coasts of the Philippines. The Sulu Sea is especially a focal center for many such currents, and represents one of the most complexly connected oceanographic localities known. On the other hand, the cold current from Bering Sea and the Arctic which flows southwest along the coasts of Kamchatka, Manchuria, and the eastern side of Korea is here pushed back by a warm current moving up between Korea and Japan and fails to reach the Philip- pines. It is quite evident that this great convergence of powerful ocean currents is largely responsible for the rich flora and fauna of the Philippine waters. Another thing helping to bring about this richness of marine life at the Philippines is the great range of depth of its waters. The east- ern shores he adjacent to some of the most profound depths in the Pacific Ocean, one point just east of the northern end of Mindanao being the deepest sea abyss yet discovered, 5,350 fathoms, or 32,100 feet, or over 6 miles. On the other hand, the western side is shallow and many of the channels between the islands .are extremely so. Thus Manila Bay has an average depth of only 3to4fathoms. This wide diversity of depth, with its attendant range in temperature, salinity, and light, must be responsible to no small degree for the diversity of life, including diatom life at the Philippines. There is in preparation a report on the diatoms of the Hawatian Islands, studies for which, though incomplete, reveal the fact that outside of strictly cosmopolitan species, hardly any of the Hawaiian diatoms are represented in the Philippine flora. This probably is accounted for not so much by the distance between them as by the fact that the powerful northern equatorial current flowing westward 4 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM across the Pacific passes a little too far south of the Hawaiian Islands to carry away any appreciable amount of its marine flora. There is no necessity to record in detail the technique used in pre- paring material for this investigation, beyond the statement that a sufficient number of strewings of each cleaned sample was made by spreading on a microscope slide and drying over a spirit lamp. These were then carefully searched for new forms, which when found were picked up and mounted separately in styrax, Canada balsam, or some other medium. By this method each species is preserved as a single herbarium speicmen and, when properly labeled, represents the species recorded here, with none of the uncertainty that always goes with identification based on strewn slides. The labor involved of course is considerable, but the great convenience and accuracy secured fully justify it. No attempt was made to preserve duplicate specimens of species if they were subsequently found in material from other localities. The labor of making these and of preparing a list of species for each one of the many dredgings examined would have been great; and in this case it would have been nearly superfluous, seeing that, as above mentioned, the precise location of each dredg- ing was unknown. All the new species herein described are represented by their type specimens deposited in the United States National Museum, and the serial number of each one is given at the end of the description. With the exception of four or five specimens ali the other species here enumerated and any specially noted varieties are also deposited in the Museum, the few lacking having been on slides made by other diatomists and duplicates of them not having been subsequently found by the author. None of these missing species, however, are rare, and authentic examples of them can be seen in the general diatom collection of the Museum. A few strictly plankton diatoms are incidently included in this report, but they doubtless represent merely accidental additions to the true flora, the bottom-living diatoms. No plankton samples were available, nor could they have been taken as characteristic of any particular locality. Doubtless the Philippine Islands as a whole have a plankton life differing in a general way from that of far dis- tant places. But as all marine plankton forms are wanderers, swept from one locality to another by sea currents and the surface drift of the waters they inhabit, it is quite idle to report them as belonging to any one locality. American students of plankton diatoms are well aware of how closely the European species correspond to those drifting along our own Atlantic seaboard or even those of the Pacific coast, a parallel conspicuously absent from the diatom floras of the bottom-living species of Europe and America. MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 5 It is therefore practically immaterial that a list of the plankton diatoms is not included in this report, as its purpose is to record the truly characteristic diatom flora of the Philippines; that is to say; those species that have their fixed and natural habitat in those waters. SIMILARITY OF CAMPECHE BAY AND PHILIPPINE ISLANDS DIATOM FLORAS A remarkable fact has been brought out by this study of Philippine Island diatoms, their close similarity to those of Campeche Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. How great this really is can only be conjec- tured at present, fora thorough study of the Campeche Bay diatoms has never been undertaken. A more extended examination of mate- ria] from there is much to be desired, so as to see how far this inter- esting correspondence goes. But even such meager references to Campeche Bay forms as have been met with in Schmidt’s Atlas and other publications during these studies have established the fact that many species, and especially many unique varieties, are common to these two localities and rarely if ever found elsewhere. The value of extending this comparison in this particular instance is because there evidently is involved here a certain law or laws of development which, if discovered, will help to explain some curious marine biological puz- zles. For we have in these places a case of extreme isolation from each other, and yet a notable similarity in their diatom flora. Not only are they geographically remote, but the vast barrier of North and South America is interposed between them; so that any connec- tion by means of ocean currents is absolutely out of the question. It should be mentioned that the materials were collected before the opening of the Panama Canal, through which, as time goes on, there will take place aslow but steady transference of small forms of animal and plant marine life. At first it might seem equally strange were certain rare species of diatoms discovered to be common to the shores of Alaska and of the Hawaiian Islands; but such a coincidence would be no parallel to this one. For it could well be explained by assuming that the golden plover, as well as certain ducks, curlews, and other shore birds, known to migrate annually between these two remote places were the car- riers responsible for such striking cases of similarity. Or, to take another example, it is now well established that there are currents which bear logs and other drift from northwestern America to the far off shores of the Hawaiian group; and it is believed that some of the old war canoes found on these islands were made from trees not native there, but indigenous to such remote localities as Oregon and the shores of Puget Sound. Here again a satisfying explanation for 6 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM any diatom identities that may exist in the two places is supplied; for such ships of passage might, and in fact did, bear as freight hosts of marine animal and plant life from one shore to the other. But so far as is known to science there is no communication, bird or other- wise, between Campeche Bay and the Philippines, or even between Campeche Bay and the Pacific coast; and it is certain no drifting log could make such a journey without rounding the Arctic end of North America or the Antarctic end of South America, and thereby subject- ing these subtropical diatoms to the fatal rigors of low temperature, In the matter of diatom transportation, it should also be borne in mind that the difficulties that confront these organisms do not apply to some other marine groups. Thus they must be literally transported from one spot to another, as their limited locomotion consists merely of crawling infinitesimal distances, but not of free swimming; and also the brief life duration of the individual, only a few days at most, prevents its bridging over long-continued adverse conditions during an extensive journey of many thousands of miles. It is pretty sure the Campeche Bay diatoms have not made the trip to the western coast of America by any means whatever, seeing that its character- istic species have never been reported from those regions. If we try to see in this Campeche Bay-Philippine diatom parallel a case of “discontinuous distribution” the lateness of the appearance of diatoms geologically, hardly as early as the bottom of the Phocene, would still leave us confronted by the barrier of the American continent, preventing any transportation to the Pacific Ocean; while if we imagine an eastern transportation, the western shores of Africa, the Indian Ocean or the shores of Java, Sumatra, or Celebes would be much more likely to afford us Campeche Bay forms than the Philippine Islands, lying so far east of them. There are indeed many species common to the Philippines and these islands of the East Indies, but they are not Campeche Bay diatoms. The list of coincidences here given is very incomplete, because it leaves out many species common to both but having little significance, as they are practically cosmopolitan diatoms. And yet if each flora were grouped into a picture and the two compared, these additional forms, not peculiar to the two places but present in both, would greatly increase their resemblance. I think it will be admitted there is a greater significance in the duplication of unique varieties in the two floras than in the duplication of species, because it indicates a peculi- arly close and exact correspondence carried out to its minutest degree. In other words, such cases are not merely similar but literally identical. Thus the slight incurving on the dorsal side of Amphora spectabilsi Gregory which marks the variety figured in Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 40, figure 21, from Campeche Bay, is sharply duplicated in my specimen MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS t from the Philippines; the Philippine specimens of Navicula pelagi A. Schmidt could be used to reproduce its figure in Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 7, figure 26, from Campeche Bay, so accurately does it agree in line and curve and every minute detail. In Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 2, figure 20, is an illustration of what I consider to be a very doubtful example of Navicula approximata Greville, and which Grunow calls var. substauroniformis. This Campeche Bay specimen is so exactly like one I have from the Philippines that the word “ identical ”’ is fully justified. When, therefore, diatom floras from two widely separated places parallel each other in so many minute particulars, the fact suggests that the factors determining these forms must also be strikingly alike; and problems of environmental and perhaps genetic influence are conjured up that well deserve further attention. LIST OF CAMPECHE BAY-PHILIPPINE DIATOMS A. FOUND NOWHERE ELSE Amphora crassa, var. campechiana Grunow in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 28, fig. 16. Auliscus caelatus, var. latecostata A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 32, figs. 16-20. Biddulphia juncatensis (Grunow) Mann in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 76, fig. 13. Campylodiscus muelleri A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 14, fig. 13. Campylodiscus phalangium A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 14, figs. 11-12. Campylodiscus punctulatus Grunow in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 17, fig. 4. Campylodiscus triumphans A. Schmidt, in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 15, figs. 4—5. Coscinodiscus exiguus Rattray in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 58, fig. 30. Mastogloia grundlert A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 188, fig. 26. Navicula approximata, var. substauroneiformis Grunow in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 2, fig. 20-21. Navicula californica, var. campechiana Grunow in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 3, fig. 19, Navicula carinifera Grunow in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 2, fig. 1. Navicula coarctata Ehrenberg, var.? in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 11, figs. 20-21. Navicula formicina Grunow in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 160, figs. 38-41. Navicula intercedens A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 160, figs. 3-5. Navicula lacrimans A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 12, figs. 59-60. Navicula margarita A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 174, fig. 17. Navicula multicostata Grunow, var. in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 11, fig. 20. Navicula pelagi A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 7, figs. 25-26. Navicula probabilis A. Schmidt in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 50, fig. 46. Navicula pudens, new species, in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 7, fig. 49 (no name). Navicula serrulata Grunow in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 7, figs. 42-43. Navicula splendida Gregory, var. in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 69, fig. 22. Navicula splendida Gregory, var. in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 69, fig. 15 (misnamed). Nitzschia fluminensis, var. majuscula Grunow in Van Heurck, Synopsis, pl. 62, fig. 5. Nitzschia weissfloggi Grunow, var. in Peragallo, Diatom. France, pl. 76, fig. 34. Surirella fastuosa Ehrenberg, var. in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 5, fig. 11. Surirella fluminensis Grunow, var. in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 4, fig. 9. 350385—25 2 Ga 8 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM B. FouND ALSO, MORE OR LESS RARELY, IN OTHER LOCALITIF : Amphora alata Peragallo. Amphora crassa Gregory, typical form. Amphora egregia Ehrenberg. Amphora exsecta Grunow. Amphora formosa Cleve. Amphora furcata Leuduger-Fortmorel. Amphora fusca A. Schmidt. Amphora gibba A. Schmidt. Amphora gigantea Grunow. Amphora grundlert Grunow. Amphora inflata Grunow. Amphora schmidtii Grunow. Biddulphia antillarum (Cleve) Boyer. Biddulphia campechiana (Grunow) Mann. Biddulphia elegans Greville. Biddulphia pentecrinus (Ehrenberg) Boyer. Biddulphia scitula (A. Schmidt) Mann. Campylodiscus adornatus A. Schmidt. Campylodiscus concinnus, var. lineata Grunow. Campylodiscus rabenhorstianus Janisch. Campylodiscus rattrayanus Deby. Cistula lorenziana Cleve. Climacosphenia moniligera Ehrenberg. Coscinodiscus nitidulus Grunow. Coscinodiscus variolatus Castracane. Cymatoneis sulcata (Greville) Cleve. Mastogloia rhombus (Petit) Cleve. Navicula approximata Grunow. Navicula campylodiscus Grunow. Navicula chersonensis Grunow. Navicula diffusa A. Schmidt. Navicula excavata Greville. Navicula forcipata, var. densistriata A. Schmidt. Navicula graeffii Grunow. Navicula hennedyi W. Smith. . Navicula inexacta, new name. Navicula longa Gregory. Navicula (marginata) janischii Castracane. Navicula marginata Lewis. Navicula puella A. Schmidt, typical form. Navicula separabilis A. Schmidt. Navicula weissflogii A. Schmidt. Nitzschia campechiana Grunow. Nitzschia distans, var. tumescens Grunow. Nitzschia fluminensis Grunow, typical form. Nitzschia marginulata, var. subconstricta Grunow. Nitzschia pulcherrima Kitton. Nitzschia valida Cleve and Grunow. Nitzschia valida (var. in Van Heurck, Synopsis, pl. 65, . Trigonium cinnamomeum (Greville) Mann. MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 9 NOMENCLATURE The nomenclature used in this report is that which has received the general approval of leading diatomists throughout the world. It involves the rejection of a few names, chiefly generic names, which appear earlier in print, but with verbal description or illustration— or in some cases both—so meager and unsatisfactory as to make it a safer plan to treat them as nomina nuda than to accept the alterna- tive, to so amend and amplify them that they will be distinctively marked off from other genera subsequently discovered. They com- prise chiefly the following: Hemiptychus for the universally used Arachnoidiscus, Tripodiscus for Aulacodiscus, S phinctocystis for Cyma- topleura, Cystopleura for E’pithemia, Gyrosigma for Pleurosigma, and Tessella for Rhabdonema. These practically defunct genera were admitted into my Diatoms of the Albatross Voyages, but with misgiv- ings as to the necessity and wisdom of the change, a statement to that effect being made in the introduction. I am glad to here note that this upsetting of classical and long established names on my part has not had the slightest influence on subsequent diatom literature. While holding to the rigid enforcement of the law of priority in nomenclature in present and future cases, I wish to, call attention to the exceptionally disastrous result of its retroactive enforcement in diatom nomenclature. Many of the names above recorded have been in extensive use for a half century or more in scientific literature, outside of technical diatom publications, as well as in popular litera- ture, because of the uses of diatoms as test objects to determine the excellence of optical instruments, together with other uses. Thus Pleurosigma angulatum is known to every microscopist or user of optical instruments, and has long been an integral part of literature bearing on applied optics. But nobody has heard of Gyrosigma thuringicum, a name applied to the same diatom at a slightly earlier date. And what intensifies the difficulty of justifying such drastic retroactive enforcement of a new rule here is that the great works of diatom taxonomy are rare and so expensive to produce that there is little, if any, chance of new editions ever being published. The iden- tification of ninety-nine hundredths of the 7,000 or more species of diatoms must always be done by means of these classical illustrated publications, as, for example, the works of William Smith, Ehrenberg, Greville, Gregory, Grunow, Schmidt, De Toni, Van Heurck, in all of which these long accepted names are generally used, in preference to the obscure and more or less questionable ones above mentioned. After many years of diatom study I have come to repose great confidence in the opinions of the late Dr. Henri Van Heurck, because of his wide knowledge and his spirit of conservatism; and in this matter of the above obscure names his position is the same as that already stated. 10 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM On another point of nomenclature this report is in accord with Van Heurck, as to P. T. Cleve’s plan for dividing the unwieldy genus Navicula into a number of genera. He accepts these as useful sub- generic divisions of that huge genus, but considers them to be too difficult of sharp definition to justify their adoption as valid genera. But he does recognize, and I think correctly, three exceptions to the foregoing, Cistula, Cymatoneis, and Frustulia. For the last he favors Brébisson’s synonym, Van Heurckia, but with this I can not agree. As will be explained under these names, these three seem to be suffi- ciently unlike other Naviculae to justify their separation. The general custom among diatomists of capitalizing proper names is not followed in this report, as it conflicts with the rules governing the scientific publications issued by the United States National Museum. The author therefore contents himself with here stating that to him the necessity for such capitalization seems to be at times undeniable; as, for example, Navicula Liber W. Smith. All of the material examined for this report was collected by the steamer Albatross of the United States Bureau of Fisheries; and the writer wishes to express here his appreciation of the great service the Bureau of Fisheries has rendered to science, and especially to ocean- ography, by these and the vast number of other collections it has secured and freely made available to investigators. As the genera and their species are both arranged in the text in strict alphabetical order, a final alphabetical index is omitted as unnecessary. GENERA AND SPECIES, WITH SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSIONS Genus ACHNANTHES Bory ACHNANTHES COCCONEIFORMIS, new species . Plate 1, fig. 1 Valves broadly elliptical with a barely perceptible angular or pris- matic outline; apices pointed; under valve marked with strong, smooth costae slightly radial and straight at the center of the valve, increas- ingly radial and curved toward the apices; each costa enlarged at the outer marginal end; a narrow stauros reaching to the margin; central area narrow, el'iptica!, about one-fifth the width of the valve, reach- ing the apices. The valve figured in Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 198, figure 41, unnamed, seems to be the same diatom. Length 0.079; width 0.033; costae 6 in 0.01 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 43560, U.S.N. M. ACHNANTHES COMPACTA, new species Plate 1, fig. 2 Valves elongated, with evenly rounded ends and parallel sides barely constricted at the center; under valve crossed by double rows of beading separated by costae, asin A. longipes Agardh, nearly trans- MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 11 verse at the center, increasingly radial toward the ends; a narrow linear transverse stauros, no hyaline median area bordering the rhaphe; upper valve with same beading as under valve. Length 0.039; width 0.012; 6 double lines in 0.01 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 43561, U.S.N.M. The shape of this new species is closely similar to that of A. sub- sessilis Kiitzing, which, however, like A. brevipes Kiitzing, has single rows of beads without separating costae. The beading 1s like A. longipes, from which it differs both in outline and in being, despite its small size, a relatively much more massive diatom, with thick, heavy frustules. It is also more coarsely beaded; thus for A. longipes with a length of 0.2 mm. we have six double rows in 0.01 mm. (see De Toni, Syl. Alg., p. 470) while here six rows are found on a valve of only 0.039mm. A. longipes occurs in the Philippines and the two are unmistakably distinct. The species is abundant at Jolo Jolo, Sulu Islands. It was not found elsewhere in the Philippine Islands. It, however, occurs at the Laysan Islands, and has an average length of about 0.04 mm. ACHNANTHES CRENULATA Grunow (Cleve and Grunow, Arct. Diat., p. 20; figure in Le Diatomiste, pl. 9, figs. 3-4.) The measurements of my specimen are: Length 0.079; width 0.018; 7 lines in 0.01 mm. ACHNANTHES HETEROMORPHA Grunow (According to Cleve in Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 198, figs. 52-58.) This might be better classified as Cocconeis. Its resemblance to A. lanceolata (Brébisson) Grunow may be responsible for placing it under Achnanthes. It has no trace of bend in the girdle view in any of the specimens I have examined. It has some likeness to A. fla- haulti Heribaud (Diat. foss d’Auverg., 1903, pl. 10, figs. 17-18) except for the stauros. ACHNANTHES HEXAGONA Brun and Cleve (Brun, Espec. Nouv., p. 5, pl. 19, figs. 3a—b.) ACHNANTHES INFLATA (Kiitzing) Grunow (Grunow, Reise, F. Novara, p. 98.) It is Khrenberg’s A. ventricosa (1854) (not Kiitzing, 1844), and is well figured in Ehrenberg’s Mikrogeologie (pl. 3, figs. 18-19). ACHNANTHES LONGIPES Agardh (Smith, Brit. Diat., pl. 36, fig. 300.) ACHNANTHES TENUISTAUROS, new species Plate 1, figs. 3-6 Valves very broadly fusiform, sometimes very broadly oval; ends acuminate, rounded; under valve with markings of double rows of beading with separating costal lines, strongly radiating; median area 12 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM almost absent and with rhaphe strongly or obscurely tortuous; trans- verse stauros sharply distinct but very narrow, not at all flaring toward the ends, which are usually distant from the margins one- quarter the width of the valve. Upper valve as the under one, its median line very narrow. Length 0.053-0.091; width 0.031—-0.047; 9 lines in 0.01 mm. Species somewhat resembling this are— A. baldjikii (Schmidt’s Atlas, pl. 198, figs. 44-48). A. danica Cleve (Schmidt’s Atlas, pl. 198, figs. 60-61). Navicula vaszaryi Pantoesek (Hung. Diatom., pt. 3, pl. 16, fig. 239). A. exigua Grunow (Van Heurck, Synopsis, pl. 27, figs. 29-30). Achnanthidium danicum Flogel (Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 198, fig. 59). A. javanica Grunow (Diat. Siam, Oestrup, pl. 1, figs. 15-16). Its nearest published resemblance is found in the unnamed figure in Schmidt’s Atlas, plate 198, figure 49. Type.—Cat. No. 43562, U.S.N.M. Genus ACTINOCYCLUS Ehrenberg ACTINOCYCLUS BIPARTITUS, new species Plate 1, fig. 7 Valve almost flat except near the margin where the convexity is sudden, its surface sharply separated into two areas, an inner sparsely beaded and an outer densely beaded area; the former with about 25 radii of widely spaced beads, with somewhat shorter rows interspaced between them; this inner area, with a diameter of a little over one-half that of the valve, is surrounded by the densely beaded outer area, composed of the extension of the radiating rows of the former plus other interpolated rows; all the rows slightly tortuous; near the margin of the valve the beading becomes com- pacted into even, closely set rows, the beads progressively smaller; about 25 obscure processes near the margin at the ends of the 25 or more primary radii; psuedonodule minute, evident, close to the margin, surrounded by a small circular hyaline area. Diameter 0.079 mm. This species somewhat resembles A. sparsus (Gregory) Rattray (Micro. Journ., 1857, pl. 1, fig. 47) and Rattray (Rev. Actinocyclus, p. 170); also A. punctulatus Castracane (Chall. Exp., pl. 16, fig. 3) and its variety A. nebulosus Peragallo (Diat., France, pl. 113, fig. 11.) Type.—Cat. No. 43563, U.S.N.M. ACTINOCYCLUS CURVATULUS Janisch (Janisch, Gaz. Exp., pl. 5, fig. 8; Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 57, fig. 31.) ACTINOCYCLUS DECUSSATUS, new species Plate 2, figs. 1-2 Surface of valve evenly and densely covered with beading radially arranged, but so spaced as to produce the watchcase pattern seen in Hyalodiscus subtilis Bailey, etc., and to display forty to fifty of MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 13 the radii characteristic of Actinocyclus, but very obscurely, or in some specimens apparently lacking; no central hyaline area; bead- ing adjacent to the margin a trifle more compact and slightly smaller than within; center of the valve raised into a low conical elevation one-third to one-quarter the diameter, surrounded by a shallow de- pressed ring one-sixth to one-eighth the diameter, with the outer area raised to the same focal plane as that of the central cone; pseudo- nodule large, robust, surrounded by a narrow hyaline space and placed on the extreme outer margin. Diameter 0.08 to 0.18 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 43564, U.S.N.M. ACTINOCYCLUS OBSCURUS Rattray (Rattray, Rev. Actinocyclus, p. 187, pl. 11, fig. 5.) ACTINOCYCLUS PRUINOSUS Castracane (Castracane, Chall. Exp., pl. 4, fig. 2,as defined in Rattray, Rev. Actin., p. 167.) ACTINOCYCLUS PUNCTULATUS Castracane (Castracane, Chall. Exp., p. 146, pl. 16, fig. 3.) This is the same as Peragallo’s A. nebulosus (Diat., France, pl. 113, figs. 10-11.) ACTINOCYCLUS ROTULA Brun (Brun, Espee. Nouv., p. 6, pl 17, fig. 5.) Specimens typical according to Brun’s figure are frequent; but this species may be only a variety of A. sparsus (Gregory) Rattray. ACTINOCYCLUS SPLENDENS Rattray (Rattray, Rev. Actinocyclus, p. 168, pl. 11, fig. 14.) ACTINOCYCLUS STICTODISCUS See under Stictocyclus, new genus. ACTINOCYCLUS SUBTILIS (Gregory) Ralfs (Pritchard, Infusoria, p. 835; Van Heurck, Synopsis, pl. 124, fig. 7; H. L. Smith, Types, No. 14.) Genus ACTINODISCUS Greville ACTINODISCUS SCHLEINITZII (Janisch) Mann (Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 149, fig. 19; Janisch, Gaz. Exp., pl. 20, figs. 18-19.) Specimens of this diatom were found in several of the Philippine Islands dredgings, but in no case was there present an Actinoptychus or other circular diatom to which it could be referred as ‘‘an inner valve,” to confirm the suggestion of Van Heurck (Treat., p. 501), But the creation of a new genus for this form, as is done by Schmidt (Atlas, pl. 149, fig. 19), where it is named Gyroptychus contabulatus A. Schmidt, is quite unnecessary. It should be classed under Actino- discus as defined in Van Heurck’s Treatise, p. 497. Compare it 14 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM with A. barbadensis Greville in Schmidt, Atlas, plate 132, figure 1, and A. grayii Grove in Schmidt, Atlas, plate 184, figure 1. Some of my specimens have 9, others 14 divisions. Janisch (Gaz. Exp., pl. 20, figs. 18-19) accurately figures it but calls it Polymyzus schleinitzir. Polymyxus Bailey, based upon P. coronalis, can not be successfully separated from Aulacodiscus; but Janisch’s specific name, schleinitzw, given in 1888 (1889?) antedates that of Schmidt, 1890. However, this can not go over with Polymyzxus into Aulacodiscus, seeing that it has a decided ridge traversing each elevated sector of the circle and ending at the margin in a sessile ocellus, not in a pedicelled horn. Genus ACTINOPTYCHUS Ehrenberg ACTINOPTYCAUS ANNULATUS (Wallich) Grunow (Van Heurck, Treat., p. 495, fig. 237; Micros. Journ., 1856, pl. 12, fig. 15.) There is reason for looking on this generic classification with dissatisfaction, and several other assignments of this diatom have been made. Wallich’s original name was Triceratweum annulatum. Grunow (Bot. Centralblatt, vol. 15, No. 10, p. 36.), suggested the new generic name, Cymatogonia. De Toni (Syl. Alg., p. 1395) proposed the untenable new genus Schuettia and unites this form with the sim- ilar Actinoptychus amblyceros (Ehrenberg) A. Schmidt, the less similar Triceratium marylandicum Brightwell and T. neogradense Pantocsek, and the wholly unlike 7. trigontum A. Schmidt and Actinoptychus trilingulatus (Brightwell) Ralfs. On the whole the position taken by Van Heurck, who retains this form in Actinoptychus, is the least unsatisfactory one. (See Van Heurck, Treatise, p. 496.) ° ACTINOPTYCHUS AREOLATUS (Ehrenberg) A. Schmidt (Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 1, fig. 9.) It is doubtful if this can be held as a valid species rather than a wide variety of the variable A. undulatus (Bailey?) Ralfs. But it is the prevailing form in the Philippine Islands, where it contrasts rather sharply with the typical A. undulatus. ACTINOPTYCHUS HEXAGONUS Grunow (Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 1, figs. 15-17.) Large and elegant specimens of the truly hexagonal form are not uncommon in the Philippine Islands, as well as a great variety of gradations into strictly circular specimens. ACTINOPTYCHUS HISPIDUS Grunow (Van Heurck, Synopsis, pl. 123, fig. 2.) ACTINOPTYCHUS JANISCHII Grunow (Schmidt, Atlas, pl. 153, figs. 8-10.) MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 15 ACTINOPTYCHUS PARVUS, new name Plate 1, fig. 8 Sector of valves about 12, all evenly pebbled with closely set bead- ing, no superimposed network or anastomosing lines, no hyaline area across outer ends of sectors or between them, and no hyaline line bisecting each sector; a hyaline central rosette about one-eighth the diameter of the valve; a small but evident process at the margin in the middle of each sector; difference in focal plane of alternating sectors slight—that is to say, undulation of valve surface small. Diameter 0.045-0.059 mm. Type.—Cat. No. 43565, U.S.N.M. This minute and delicate species, abundant in the Philippine Islands and rather widely distributed elsewhere, seems to have been generally overlooked, probably having been taken for a small variety of GL1 50 Re) see ae ee PuatTe 15 Cymatoneis lacunata, new species. 820 Dimeregramma opulens, new species. X590___....______------ Dimeregramma prismaticum, new species. X820___-___.____-- PLATE 16 PuLatTe 17 PuaTe 18 Page MARINE DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 179 PiatE 19 Page PIGh Ae iOsloglola CAPaL, NCW Species. “CAUSE. 222 ee hoe! vee bee ee 87 2. Mastogloia cebuensis, new name. X780_.------------.------- 88 3. Mastogloia fustformis, new species: Schmidt... ~o(Usat=2 22 a ee toe eee 93 ouwiielsoira: zncompta,s Dew Species: (590L2 2228s Qeelie sl eel 104 6.. Navicula imitans, new species: 590__-2 25-2222 22 ee eels 104 (.. Wavecila “neratta; new: name. OS<80029 24 a9. 2S 988 Se ee 105 8: Navicula ingens; new, species \ XS1OLEL Yew koe ewes Ae 105 PLATE 23 Page Fic. 1. Navicula indigens, new species. 610 _____--.-.....----_-=:- 105 2. Navicula inhalaia A. Schmidt, variety. ><390_....--2.~-.---42~ 107 3. Navicula mendica; new species. SCUlO0e. 8 Oe ee 109 4. INGUUCULA mIMUla, New Name. 4G gee eine ene pepe eye ea (See also pl. 25, fig. 5.) HE NGvicul an pUdens. Me WASIC CLES mec 0) pare eee ey eee ae = Viavicula, pugio, mew, SPeCleSss » >< S40 sesame eee a Navicula semistauros, new species. 590 ___-.__-_----------- Navicula serrutula Grunow, variety. 570 __.-__------------ uNavicularsinwl atom emew SOECIESt myo 9 0) ae ene ee . NMavicula spiculifera, new speciessa )< S402 222 = 225 eee Se NiavICUlaniTranslucEns: DEWASPECICS yn 644. 0a oe ee ee PLATE 27 ., Navicula -spectabilis, Gregory... GokOs sve . eteyors yee abu ei . Navicula spectabilis Gregory, wide variety? X450_____--_----- « Navicula, suffocate, new Species: cs 7Ojes dos A eee BAe . Navicula venusia Janisch type form. 820.2. 2252224 92545608. .- Navicula venusia; variety. DO< 62052 ae se a . Surirella macraeana Greville, wide variety. 600___-____--- . Surirella macraeana Greville, wide variety. X<600_______----- SUM CMMAChICOnde GkeVUllen =o . 22 a see . Trigonium contumaz, new species. X780__..._--.------------ O Page 156 154 155 158 Page 156 158 158 Page 159 161 163 161 Page 161 161 161 Page 172 173 173 174 174 162 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | PL. | DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I76 35035—25——13 U.'S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | PL. 2 rn _ a DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 176 BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | PL. 3 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM é BS FI Peeare SSE i . ee rf | a bak oad - ki DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 176 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 2 BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | PL. 4 | | DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 176 U. S. 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NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | PL. 15 Terri res | irae fethiiitshas st tidsiid os ad es Seaadl mek ie se oe cod at “ we a ad ee = Salle bad nd - se = i a od heed ol sl 2 ee sae a i! a @ DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 178 PL. 16 BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 178 Pe it BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART I U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 178 14 3D0385—25 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | PL. 18 + / ; | i i DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I78 19 PE BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM aa iH tf . ah, ‘ 4“ tia) ! ' DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 179 U. S. 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NATIONAL MUSEUM al WR ae tite HNN ALLL (AA ANON Likters eee aR a sry Sit eso Hill sia 9TLS fe 6, Py, sssangnANNNMUMIUAY T1007, | ——— cA = HMMs awe Mans e 6 DIATOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 180 PL. 25 BULLETIN 100, VOL. 6, PART | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Ra eeaa Teese Mel y thie ‘Lory Pees om reed Sa ba me er > aioe, = ee SS So Roce tien eee wae cneptonsasevets Retna LT mene i ot hy Madea Roe ‘