Ea PANES RI NE ay IO NT ee ee ee ee rn a ee oon wo 2 er ain Se nN eee Oe PSPC SP CUE owns SSPE ea eI vo Siero hase anew POR ene en nee’ LI SONOS ES Ne chit tledon dito? St na ee OE UENO ‘ ‘ ow: av Pr be ane ih Soyltmtnela cine ating ot deta : re a eran Sah ogee Nay ae aera Tg Wt at Ne a Ae Decne TAT RR ene es SOLE I NIN ep ARE - ae ‘ Sore see pron ew ern LO ET eee . nA WER a AAPL I LOE OT SIP POLE NG EBL | Cre Goin ee * uw - PANDO 0 DOLL LM BLA AE PSL) erie art : . “ = Seach cia tdeeet ore Mel = wien coh hgh ict lib RF Aight Se tim pnd loth 9 Rd cera ” - eT NN Pa aA OX gat HS ame he Borer Qs ite ow eee Se ea ew eee od Lengo eee PY nets pa a 3 oe sre rs y 5 “ o > ane CN a a ere eee eee ered eee tat aaa ealtoca de SO at IE inate ahaa de absennttarntr cde eamadia tee dacad tt oneandaeinninie anna ieatnaanaindrtcatipimaaed Oe, ae . Fol igh Pechietirthgte BAe FLO A A OMe OCA A NMAC ete kn. Seta 8 ihe Her fokerateber fee neds h ennbee - = ; ae Ee ibaa amine Sera aI SA FRE CORRS TAT RSG PN Ret ROP oF a : a Se A emp ere NE TA ET tt FMT ror ete 9%: een Nei Pe pono neat attain. Sabet tactse eee ee ox ee) bina Rieti fe SEP OT ate rae ; as aad TC ears Oe ’ LaF Ae gee SR ttt hat a Rein itodtlipen Aang Ied?, S rat y OPE a a aN ae tl a a ree eer ete e ne CN AN On EPR ON AD EAE AE IIIA LN PND Se ee aye Nahin 22 atherta Mente ii Bnhah gtr tn cit: De RNa lr Soke be “s rent : ee ee eee ee eee eae en) ies aerate We Ses : fs : Seer a al ah iged “ ath isi Fi | } ve 26 AA atl > + A. A i g Rata“? ie “ vai Oo Wh nN | t | f dpi i A | S i \d ty, sh | i “ its animals, vegetables, minerals, and famous fishery for pearls. The cus- toms of the inhabitants, their religion, government, and manner of living, before their conversion to the Christian religion by the missionary Jesu- its. Together with accounts of the several voyages and attempts made for settling California, and taking actual surveys of that country, its gulf, and coast of the South-Sea. Illustrated with copperplates, and an accurate map of the country and adjacent seas. Translated from the original Span- ish of Miguel Venegas, a Mexican Jesuit, published at Madrid 1758.—In two volumes.—Vol. I[—II].— London: printed for James Rivington and James Fletcher, at the Oxford Theatre, in Pater-Noster-Row. 1759. [8°, vol. i, 10 1., 455 pp., 1 pl.; vol. ii.] [The only references to fishes are as follows (vy. i, pp. 47-48) :—‘“ But if the soil of Cali- fornia be in general barren, the scarcity of provisions is supplied by the adjacent sea; for both in the Pacifick ocean and the Gulf of California, the multitude and variety of fishes are incredible. Father Antonio de la Ascencion, speaking of the bay of San Lucas [Lower California], says, ‘ With the nets which every ship carried, they caught a great quantity of fish of different kinds, and all wholesome and palatable: particularly holy- buss, salmon, turbots, skates, pilchards, large oysters, thornbacks, mackerel, barbels, bonetos, soals, lobsters, and pearl oysters.’ And, speaking of the bay of San Francisco, on the western coast, he adds: ‘Here are such multitudes of fish, that with a net, which the commodore had on board, more was caught every day than the ship’s company could make use of: and of these a great variety, as crabs, oysters, breams, mackerel, cod, bar- bels, thornbacks, &c.’ And in other parts he makes mention of the infinite number of sardines, which are left on the sand at the ebb, and so exquisite that those of Laredo in Spain, then famons for this fish, do not exceed them. Nor are fish less plentiful along tho gulf [of California], where to the above mentioned species Father Picolo adds, tunnies, anchovies, and others. Even in the rivulets of this peninsula are found barbels and cray- fish: but the most distinguished fish of both seas are the whales; which induced the ancient cosmographers to call California, Punta de Balenas, or Cape Whale: and these fish being found in multitudes along both coasts, give name to a channel in the gulf, and a bay in the South sea” (vy. i, pp. 47-48).] ~ d 8 1772—Voyage en Californie pour observation du passage de Vénus sur le disque du soleil, le 3 juin 1769; contenant les observations de ce phénoméne et la dis- cription historique de la route de auteur 4 travers le Mexique. Par feu M. Chappe d’Auteroche, ... Rédigé et publié par M. de Cassini fils... A Paris: chez Charles-Antoine Jombert. MDCCLXXII. [4°, half-title, title, 170 [2] pp., plan, and 2 pl.—Sabin. J (Translated as follows:—] A Voyage to California, to observe the Transit of Venus. By Mons. Chappe . d’Auteroche. With an historical description of the author’s route through Mexico, and the natural history of that province. Also, a voyage to Newfoundland and Sallee, to make experiments on Mr. Le Roy’s time keepers. By Monsieur de Cassini. London: printed for Edward and Charles Dilly, In The Poultry. MDCCLXXVIII. [8°, 4 p. 1., 315 pp., with “plan of City of Mexico ”.] Extract of a letter from Mexico addressed to the Royal Academy of Sci- ences at Paris, by Don Joseph Anthony de Alzate y Ramyrez, now a correspondent of the said academy, containing some curious particu- lars relative to the uatural history of the country adjacent to the City of Mexico. pp. 77-105. {It is undoubtedly this work that is meant in the statement that has so largely gone the rounds of the periodical press, to the effect that the Californian viviparous fishes were ob- served during the voyage for the observation of the transit of Venus to Lower California, 1769. A perusal of the accounts given, however, renders it evident that the fishes in ques- tion were not Embiotocids but rather Cyprinodontids, probably of the genus Mollienesia. The account by Don Alzate (pp. 89-91) is as follows:— ‘*T send you some viviparous scaly fishes, of which I had formerly given you an account. What I have observed in them this year is—‘ If you press the belly with your fingers, you force out the fry before their time, and upon inspecting them through the microscope you may discern the circulation of the blood, such asit is to be when the fish is grown up.’ If you throw these little fishes into water, they will swim as well as if they had beeu long accustomed to live in that element. The fins and tail of the males are larger and blacker than those of the females, so that the sex is easily distinguished at first sight. These fish have a singular manner of swimming; the male and the female swim together on two par- allel lines, the female always uppermost and the male undermost; they thus always keep at a constant uniform distance from each other, and preserve a perfect parallelism. The female never makes the least motion, either sideways or towards the bottom, but directly the male does the same.”’ To this account is added a foot-note (p. 90) containing the following additional informa- tion :— “Don Alzate has sent those fishes preserved in spirits; their skin is covered with very small scales; they vary in length from an inch to eighteen lines, and they are seldom above five, six, or seven lines in the broadest part. They have a fin on each side near the gills, _ two small ones under the belly, a single one behind the anus, which lies between the fin and the single one; the tail is not furked; lastly, this fish has a long fin on the back, a little above the fin, which is under the belly. “We know of some viviparous fishes in our seas, such as loach, &c. most of these have asmooth skin without any scales. The needle of Aristotle is viviparous, and yet covered with broad and hard scales, I have caught some that had young ones still in their womb. As to these viviparous fishes, it is a particular and new sort, and we are obliged to Don Alzate for making us acquainted with it. It breeds in a lake of fresh water near the City of Mexico.” This is, so far as known, the earliest notice of the viviparity of Cynrinodontids. The mode of consorting together (exaggerated in the account) is common to a number of rep- resentatives of the family, and is alluded to by Prof. Agassiz in a name (Zygonectes, i. e. swimming in pairs) conferred on one of the genera of the family.] £808—Piscium Camtschaticorum [ Terpuk] et [Wachnja]. Descriptiones et icones auctore [W.G.] Tilesio. D. 26 Octobri 1808. Conventui exhib. die 2 Nov. 1808. < Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb., v. 2, pp. 3385-375, 1810, viz:— I. Hexagrammos Stelleri, Rossis Terpuc dictus novum genus piscium Camtschaticorum. pp. 335-340, tab, 15. 9g II. Dimensiones piscis, beato Stellero Hexagrammos asper dicti, Rossis Teerpuk [ Terpuk] i. e. lima (captus d. 20 Maij 1741 in portu Divi Petri et Pauli pondebat pondere medicinali duas usque ad sex uncias). pp. 340-341. III. Hexagrammos Stelleri, quenam genera sit interponendus cuinam classi ordinique systematico sit inserendus. Labrax Pallassii (vid. €). Monograph.). pp. 342-343. IV. Descriptio Stelleri anno 1741 concepta. pp. 343-347 V. Observationes anatomice. pp. 347-349. VI. Wachnja Camtschatica est Gadus dorso tripterygio, Callariis spe- ciatim Lusco affinis. pp. 350-353, tab. 16, 17. VII. Wachnie Camtschatice altera species, (Gadus gracilis mihi,) qua ab indigenis Camtschaticis acque Uachal, Rossis Wachnja [ Wachnja | dicitur, dimensionibus fllustrata. pp. 354-356, tab. 18. VIII. Stelleri Descriptio piscis ovoc sive asini antiquorum. ‘Turneri ad Gesnerum aselli 3 sivi Aglefini Rondelet et Gesneri. Aigletini Bellonii, Anglorum Hadok, Russis Wachnja [ Wachnja] dicti corrupta voce Itael- mannica, in qua Uakal audit. pp. 306-359. IX. Observationes anatomic. pp. 360-363. X. Observationes ex aliorum individuorum ejusdem speciei dissectionibus, pp. 363-364. XI. Ad historiam Gadi dorso tripterygio ore cirrato caudo quali fere cam radio primo spinoso (Kabeljau vel Cabiljau Belgarum) (Gadus morrhua L. Bloch. tab. 64), adhue annotata sequentia. pp. 364-370. XII. Annotationes anatomicx. pp. 370-371. XIIL. Tabularum explicatio. pp. 372-375. 1809—Labraces, novum genus piscium, oceani orientalis, auctore P. S. Pallas. Conventui exhib. die 5 Julii 1809. 4 [N. sp. Cottus ventralis, Hemilepidotus Tilesti.] Zoologischer Atlas, enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer Thier- arten, wiihrend des Flottcapitains von Kotzebue zweiter Reise um die Welt, auf der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Kriegsschlupp Predpriatié in den Jahren 1823-1826 beobachtet von Dr. Friedr. Eschscholtz, Professor und Director des zoologischen Museums an der Universitat zu Dorpat, Mitglied mebrerer gelehrten Gesellschaften, Russ. Kais. Hofrathe und Ritter des Ordens des heil. Wladimir. . Drittes Heft.—Berlin, 1829. Gedruckt und verlegt bei G. Reimer. [Fol., title, 18 pp., pl. 11-15.] {N. sp. Blepsias ventricosus (p. 4, pl. 13), on which was subsequently based the genus Temnistia of Richardson. } 1830—Histoire Natnrelle des Poissons, par M. le B® Cuvier, .. .; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome cinquiéme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault,..., 1830. [8° ed. xxviii, 499 pp., 21.; 4° ed. xx, 374 pp., 2 1.—pl. 100-140. ] Livre cinqniéme.—Des Sciénoides. [Par Cuvier. ] [No west-coast species noticed.] Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B® Cuvier, .. . ; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome sixitme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault,..., 1830. [8° ed. xxiv, 559 pp., 3 1.; 4° ed. xviii, (3 1.), 470 pp.—pl. 141-169, 162 bis, 162 ter, 162 quater, 167 bis, 168 bis. ] Livre sixiéme.—(Partie I—Des Sparoides. Partie IJ.—Des Ménides.) [Par Cuvier et Valenciennes. ] [No west-coast species noticed. ] 183 1—Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le Bo Cuvier, . . . ; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome septitme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault,..., 1831. [8° ed. xxix, 531 pp., 31.; 4° ed. xxii, (3 1.), 399 pp.—pl. 170-208. ] Livre septieme.—Des Squamipennes. [Par Cuvier ?] Livre huitiéme.—Des poissons & pharyngieus labyrinthiformes. [Par Cuvier ?] [No west-coast species noticed. ] Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M.le B™ Cuvier, ... 5; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome huititme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault,..., 1831. [8° ed. xix, (21.), 509 pp.; 4° ed. xv, (2 1.), 375 pp.—pl. 209-245. ] Livre neuviéme.—Des Scombéroides. [Par Cuvier et Valenciennes. } {No west-coast species noticed. ] Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica. See 1811. 1833—Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B™ Cuvier, ... ; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome neuviéme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault,..., 1833. [8° ed. xxix, 512 pp., 11.5 4° ed. xxiv, (1 1.), 379 pp.—pl. 246-279.] Livre neuvieme.—Des Scombéroides. [Par Cuvier et Valenciennes. ] [No west-coast species noticed.] 13 1835 — Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M.le B™ Cuvier, . . . ; et par M. Valen- ciennes, .... Tome dixiéme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault,.. 1835. [8° ed. xxiv, 482 pp., 11.; 4° ed. xix, (1 1.), 358 pp.—pl. 280-306. ] Suite du livre neuviéme—Des Scombéroides. [Par Cuvier ct Valen- ciennes ? | Livre dixié xe.—De la famille des Teuthies. [Par Cuvier et Valenciennes? ] Livre onziéme.—De la famille des Tznioides. [Par Cuvier et Valen- - ciennes ? ] ; : Livre douzieéme.—Des Atherines. [Par Cuvier et Valenciennes? | [No west-coast species noticed.] 1836—Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of Natural History collected on the late northern land expeditions under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. Part third. The Fish. By John Richardson, M.D.,F. R. S., F. L.8., Member of the Geographical Society of London, and Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh; Honorary Member of the Natural History Society of Montreal, and Literary and Philosophical Society of Que- bec; Foreign Member of the Geographical Society of Paris; and Correspond- ing member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Surgeon and Naturalist to the Expeditions.—Illustrated by numerous plates.—Pub- lished under the authority of the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for Colonisl Affairs.—London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington street, MDCCCXXXVI. [4°, pp. xv, 327 (+1) pp., 24 pl. (aumbered 74-97). ] [N. g. and n.sp. Temnistia (n. g., 59), Cyprinus (Leuciseus) gracilis (125), Salmo Scoulert (153, 223), Salmo quinnat (219), Salmo Gairdneri (221), Salmo paucidens (222), Salmo tsup- pitch (224), Salmo Clarkii (225, 307), Salmo (Mallotus?) pacificus 226), Acipenser transmon- tanus (278), Petromyzon tridentatus (293); (ADDENDA:) Cottus asper (295,313), Cyprinus (Abramis) balteatus (301), Cyprinus (Leuciscus) caurinus (304), Cyprinus (Leuciseus) orego- nensis (305).] Report on North American Zoology. By John Richardson, M. D., F. R. 8. < Rep. 6th meeting Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Aug. 1836, =v. 5, pp. 121-224, 1837. Pisces, pp. 202-223. Astoria, or anecdotes of an enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains. By Washington Irving. [1st ed.] In two volumes. Vol.I [—II]. Phil- adelphia: Carey, Lea & Blanchard. 1836. [2 vols.,8°. Vol. i,285 pp.; vol. ii, 279 pp., 1 map folded. ] [The fishes and fisheries, especially salmon, are noticed in vol. 2, chapters 9 and 14.] Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B™ Cuvier, ... .; et par M. Valen- ® ciennes,.... Tome onzitme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault, . 1836. [8° ed. xx, 506 pp., 1 1.; 4° ed. xv, (1 1.), 373 pp.—pl. 307-343. ] Livre troisiéme.—Des Mugiloides. Livre quatorziéme.—De ja famille des Gobioides. {No west-coast species noticed. ] a) sy 183%7—Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le Bo" Cuvier, . . .; et par M. Valen- ciennes,... Tome douziéme. A Paris, chez F. G. Levrault, oe et aoe [8° ed. xxiv, 507-++ 1 pp.; 4° ed. xx, 377 pp., 1 1.—pl. 344-368. ] Suite du livre quatorziéme.—Gobioides, Livre quinziéme.—Des Acanthoptérygiens & pectorales pédiculées. 1839 —Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B™ Cuvier, . . .; et par M. Valen- ciennes, ... Tome troisitme. A Paris, chez Pitois-Levrault et C®,..., 1839. [8° ed. xix, 505 pp., 1 1.: 4° ed. xvii, 370 pp.—pl. 369-388. ] Livre seiziime—Labroides. [No west-coast species noticed.] 14 1839—Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B= Cuvier, . . .; et par M. Valen- ciennes,... Tome quatorzitme. A Paris, chez Pitois-LevraultetCe,... , 1839. [8° ed. xxii, 464 pp., 3 1.; 4° ed. xx, 344 pp., 3 1.—pl. 389-420.] Suite du livre seiziéme.—Labroides. Livre dix-sepfiéme.—Des Malacoptérygiens. Des Siluroides. [No west-coast species noticed. ] The Zoology of Captain Beechey’s Voyage; compiled from the collections and notes made by Captain Beechey, the officers and naturalist of the Expe- dition, during a Voyage to the Pacific and Behring’s straits performed in his Majesty’s Ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F, W. Beechey, R.N.,F.R.S., &c., &e. in the years 1825, 26,27, and 28. By J. Richardson, M. D., F. R.S., &c.; N. A. Vigors, Esq., A. M., F. R. S., &c.; G. T. Lay, Esq. ; E. T. Bennett, Esq., F. L. S., &c.; the Rev. W. Buckland, D. D., F. BR. S., F.L.S., F.G.S8., &c. and G. B. Sowerby, Esq.—Illustrated with upwards of fifty finely colonred plates, by Sowerby.—Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. London: Henry G. Bohn, 4, York Street, Covent Garden.—MDCCCXXXIX. Fishes; by G. T. Lay, Esq., and EH. T. Bennett, Esq., F.L.S.,&c. pp. 41-75, pl. 15-23. LN. sp. Chimeera colliet (p. 71, pl. 23). This volume is interesting as being the first publication in which any attempt has been made to scientifically indicate the fishes of the coast. The ‘‘naturalist” of the expedition was, however, incompetent for the task, and the notes taken evince that he was not sufliciently versed in the rudiments of ichthyology to know what to observe. Neverthe- less, the notes have an interest, if not of importance, enough to transcribe what relates to the regions in question:— “Off Saint Lawrence Island was caught,in the dredge a fish apparently allied to the genus Liparis, Art. It had the ‘ventral fins placed before the pectorals, but united and continuous with them; a flat, raised, and rough tubercle, of nearly the diameter of an English sixpence, was seated forward between the pectorals, its anterior part reaching as far as the ventrals; this may be of use in copulation: its ceca were pretty numerous.’ —C. The roughness of this tubercle renders it difficult to refer the fish to any known species; but it is probably nearly related to the Cyclopterus gelatinosus, Pall.,a Lipuris which is known to inhabit the seas in which this was-obtained. The existence of ceca removes it from Lepadogaster, Gouan. “Totzebue Sound afforded a specimen of a new species of Ophidiwm, L., the Oph. stigma. ‘On the coast of California, a little to the northwards of the harbour of San Francisco, an Orthagoriscus was met with, apparently the Orth. mola., Bl. They swam about the ship with the dorsal fin frequently elevated above the surface.”’ (p. 50.) “On the coast of California, at Monterey, Mr. Collie’s notes mention the occurrence of [1] a species of Sparus, of two Scombri, and of a Clupea. [2] The first of the Scombride is apparently a Scomber, Cuv.; it was ‘smaller than the mackerel; it was marked on the back with cross waved narrow bands of black and greenish blue; its first dorsal] fin had nine spines, and there were four small pinnules behind the second dorsal and the anal: it had a simple air-bladder of moderate size, and an immense number of cwea, with a stomach extending the whole length of the abdomen, narrow, tapering to the postevior part, and covered throughout nearly its whole length with the milt.? Its internal membrane forms lopgitudinal folds; the intestines have three convolutions.—C. This fish occurred in shoals. [3] The second species was met with but once. It is a Caranz, Cuv., of which ‘the teeth in the upper maxillary are scarcely to be felt: the pectorals reach neariy to op-’ posite the anus: a double narrow stripe of deeper blue than the general surface runs back- wards on each side of the first dorsal fin to opposite its termination, the two parts being separated by a broad line of dirty white, which has a narrow, dark-coloured line along its middle: there are no distinet divisions in the anal and second dorsal fins: the air-bladder is simple, and small, and extends from the fauces to the anus; the stomach is much shorter than in the preceding species; the ceca, although numerous, are less so than in it, and the intestine is folded in the same manner.’—C. From the nature of the colouring of this fish, as deseribed by Mr. Collie, there can be little doubt of its constituting a distinct species. ite ole ee 15 [4] Along with the first species of Scomber, there occurred in shoals a small species of Clupea, L., ‘without teeth; with the dorsal fin a little before the ventral; and with the back dark greenish blue, and having one line and part of another of rounded black spots on each side nearly on a level with the eye: the gill membranes contain six rays, and overlap each other at their lower part; the stomach resembles that of the first Scomber; it has also numerous ceca; the air-bladder is small and tapering.’—C. The other fishes observed at Monterey were [5] a new species of Chimera, Cuv., differing essentially from the Chimera of the Atlantic, and approaching somewhat in the position of its second dorsal fin to the Callorhynchus, Cuv.; [6] a species of Torpedo, Dum.; and [7] a Raia” (pp. 54-55).] 1839 —Narrative of a Journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River, and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, &c. With a Scientific Appendix. By John K. Townsend, Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Henry Perkins, 134 Chestnut street. Boston: Perkins & Marvin.—1839. [8°, 352 pp. ] [A few incidental popular notices of salmon and trout are given.] [Reprinted in England under the following title :—] Sporting Excursions in the Rocky Mountains, including a Journey to the Columbia River, and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands, CHili, &c. By J. K. Towshend [sic!], Esq. In two volumes. Vol. 1[—II]. London: Henry Colburn, Publisher, Great Marlborough Street. 1840. [8°. VWol.i, xii [+i], 312 pp., 1 pl.; vol. ii, xii, 310 pp., 1 pl.] [In vol. i, chap. 7, are given details respecting salmon and the mode of catching them, and the frontispicce illustrates a native woman “‘spearing the salmon ”’.] 1840 —Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le Bo Cuvier, . . .; et par M. Valen- ciennes, ... Tome quinzieme. A Paris, chez Ch. Pitois, éditeur, ..., 1840. [8° ed. xxxi, 540 pp.,11.; 4° ed. xxiv, 597 pp.—pl. 421-455, ] Suite du livre dix-septiéme.—Siluroides. [No west-coast species noticed.] Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, from the year 1833 to 1836, comprising sketches of Polynesia, California, the Indian Archipelago, ete. with an account of Southern Whales, the Sperm Whale Fishery, and the Natural History of the climates visited. By Frederick Debell Bennett, Esq., F. R. G. 8., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, London. In two volumes. Vol. I [—II]. London: Richard Bentley, New Burling- ton street, publisher in ordinary to her Majesty.—1840. [5°, vol. i, xv, 402 pp., 1 pl., 1 map; vol. ii, vii, 395 pp., 1 pl.] 1842—Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M.le B™ Cuvier, ... , et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome seiziéme. A Paris, chez P. Bertrand, ... , 1842. [8° ed. xx, 472 pp. 1 1.; 4° ed. xviii, 363 pp., 1 1.—pl. 456-487. Livre dix-huitiéme.—Cyprinoides. Zoology of New-York, or the New-York Fauna; comprising detailed deserip- tions of all the animals hitherto observed within the State of New-York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accom- panied by appropriate illustrations—By James H. DeKay.—Part 1V.— Fishes. Albany: Printed by W. & A. White and I. Visscher. 1842. [49, xiv [1, errata], 415 pp.; atlas, 1 p. 1, 79 pl] [The letterpress of the Reptiles and Fishes, each separately paged, forms one volume, and the plates, each separately numbered, another. Hight of the northwest-coast Malaco- pterygian species (Abramis balteatus, Leuciscus govrinus, Leuciscus oregonensis, Salmo quinnat, Salmo Gairdnerii, Salmo Scouleri, Salmo isuppitch, and Salmo nitidus) and the Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) enumerated by Richardson (1836) are briefly indicated as ‘‘extra-limital”’.] 16 B844—Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B™ Cuvier, . . .; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome dix-septiéme. A Paris, chez P. Bertrand, ... , 1844. [8° ed. xxiii, 497 pp., 11.3 4° ed. xx, 370 pp. 1 1.—pl. 487 (bis)-519. ] Suite du livre dix-huitieme.—Cyprinoides. 4845—Description of a new species of Syngnathus, brought from the western coast of California by Capt. Phelps. By Dr. D. H. Storer. < Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 2, p. 73, December, 1845. [N. sp. Syngnathus californiensis. | 1846—A Synopsis of the Fishes of North America. By David Humphreys Storer, M.D.,A.A.S., 2... < (Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., new series, vol. ii, pp. 253-550, Cambridge, 1846. [739 nominal species from all North America, including the West Indies, are described. The descriptions, however, zre most inaptly compiled and entirely insuflicient.] A Synopsis of the Fishes of North America. By David Humphreys Storer, M.D., A.A.S.,.... Cambridge: Metcalf and Company, Printers to the University. 1846. [4°, 1p. 1]. (title), 298 pp.] [A rep:int, with separate pagination, title-page, and index, of the preceding. According to Dr. Storer (Mem. Acad., p. 260; Syn. p.&), ‘the following species inhabit the northwestern coast of America :— Trichodon stelleri. Salmo salar. Cottus pistilliger. Salmo quinnat. Cottus polyacanthocephalus. Salmo Gairdnerii. Cottus asper. Salmo pausidens. Aspidophorus acipenserinus. Salmo Scouleri. Hemilepidotus Tilesiv. Salmo tsuppitch. Blepsias trilobus. Salmo nitidus. Sebastes variabicis. Mallotus pacifieus. Cyprinus balteatus. Cyclopterus ventricosus. Leuciseus caurinus. Acipenser transmontanus.”’ | Teuciscus oregonensis. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le b°" Cuvier, ...; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome dix-huitiéme. A Paris, chez P. Bertrand, ... , 1846. [8° ed. xix, 505 pp., 21.; 4° ed. xviil, 375 pp., 2 1.—pl. 520-553. ] Suite du livre dix-huitiéme.—Cy prinoides. Livre dix-neuviéme.—Des Esoces ou Lucivides. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B™ Cuvier, ... ; et par M. Valen- ciennes, .. . . Tome dix-neuviéme. A Paris, chez P. Bertrand, ... , 1846. [8° ed. xix, 544 pp., 31.5; 4° ed. xv, 391 pp., 2 1.—pl. 554-590. ] Suite du livre dix-neuviéme.—Brochets ou Lucioides. Livre vingtiéme.—De quelques familles* de Malicoptérygiens, intermé- diaires entre les Brochets et les Clupes. [No west-coast species described.] Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B™ Cuvier,.. . ; et par M. Valen- ciennes,.... Tome vingtiéme. A Paris, chez P. Bertrand, ... 3, 1846. [8° ed. xviii, 472 pp., 1 1.5 4° ed. xiv, 346 pp. 1 1.—pl. 591-606. ] Livre vingt et uniéme.—De la famille des Clupéoides. 1848 —Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile segun documentos adquiridos en esta re- e publica durante doce aiios de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los aus- picios del Supremo Gobierno. Por Claudio Gay, ciudadano Chileno, indi- * The families referred to are:—Chirocentres (with the genus Chirocentrus); Alepocéphales (with Ale- pocephalus) ; Lutodeires (with Ohanos angl Gonorhynchus) ; Mormyres (with Mormyrus); Hyodontes (with Osieoglo. sum, Ischnosoma, and Hyodon); Butirins (with Albula= Butirinus); Blopiens (with Blops and Megalop:); Amies(with Amia) ; Vastres ou Amies? (Vastres) ; famille particuliére, ou Amies? ( Heterotis) ; Erythroides (with Erythrinus, Macrodon, Lebiasina, and Pyrrhulina); and Ombres (with Umbra). bi viduo de varias sociedades cientificas nacionales y etrangeras. Zoologia. Tomo segundo. Paris,en casa del autor. Chile, en el Museo de Historia Natural de Santiago. MDCCCXLVIII. [Text, 8°; atlas, fol.] {Peces, pp. 137-370 and index.—In this work are described several species afterward discovered aleng the coast of California.] 2848 —Thirtieth Congress—first session. | =| Ex. Doc. No. 41. | — | Notes of a mili- tary reconnoissance, | from | Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, | to | San Di- ego, in California, | including part of the | Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers. | — | By Lieut. Col. W. H. Emory. | Made in 1846-7, with the advanced guard of the “Army of the West.” | — | February 9, 1848—Or- dered to be printed. | February 17, 1848.—Ordered, That 10,000 extra cepies of each of the Reports of Lieu- | tenant Emory, Captain Cuoke, and Lieu- tenant Abert, be printed for the use of the House; | and that of said num- ber, 250 copies be furnished for the use of Lieutenant Emory, Captain | Cooke, and Lieutenant Abert, respectively. | Washington: | Wendell and Van Benthuysen, printers. |:::: | 1848. [8°, 614 pp.,50 lith. pl. not num- bered, 14 numbered, 2 sketch-maps, and 3 maps folded. } [This work has been so badly edited that the following analysis may prove useful, and will facilitate the understanding of the work :—] CONTENTS. Notes { of | a military reconnoissance, | from | Fort Leavenworth, in Mis- souri, to San Diego, | in California, | including | part of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers. | pp. 5-126, 26 lith. pl., 2 sketch-maps. Appendix No. 1. [Letter on Indians by Albert Gallatin, and reply by W. 4H. Enory.] pp. 127-134., 1 pl. Appendix No. 2.. [Report on botany. ] {1. Phanerogams and ferns. By John Torrey. pp. 135-155, pl. 1-12.] [2. Cactacea. By G. Engelmann. pp. 155-159, 14 lith. pl., 2 not numbered. ] Appendix No. 3. Table of meteorological observations. pp. 160-174. Appendix No. 4. Table of geographical positions. pp. 175-178. Appendix No.5. Table of astronomical observations. pp. 179-385.* Appendix No. 6. [Report on natural history. By J. W. Abert.] pp. 326-414. Appendix No.7. [Itinerary of Sonora, Mexico. By P. St. Geo. Cooke. } pp. 415-416. * Report of Lieut. J. W. Abert, | of his | examination of New Mexico, | ii the years 1846-47. pp. 417-546, 22 lith. pl., 1 map folded. Notes concerning the minerals and fossils, collected by Lieutenant J. W. Abert, while engaged in the geographical examination of New Mexico, by J. W. Bailey, professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology, at the United States Military Academy. pp. 547-548, 2 lith. pls. Report of Lieut. Col. P. St. George Cooke | of | his march from | Santa Fé, New Mexico, | to | San Diego, Upper California. pp. 549-563, 2 maps folded. Journal | of | Captain A. R. Johnston, | First Dragoons. pp. 565-614. {A species of Gila is noticed at p. 62, and illustrated by a poor plate opposite the text. It is said:—‘‘ We heard the fish playing in the water, and soon those who were disen- gaged were after them. At first it was supposed they were the mountain trout, but, being comparatively fresh from the hills of Maine, I soon saw the difference.’’] Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M. le B™ Cuvier, ...; et par M. Valen- ciennes, .. . Tome vingt et uniéme. A Paris, chez P. Bertrand, .. ., 1848. [8° ed. xiv, 536 pp.; 4° ed. xiii (+ iii), 391 pp.— pl. 607-633. ] - * Pages 289-304 misnumbered 209-224. ; Bull. N. M. No. 11—2 18 Suite du livre vingt et uniéme et des Clupéoides.* Livre vingt-deuxiéme.—De la famille des Salmonoides. {No west-coast species described.} 31849—Frank Forrester’s Fish and. Fishing of the United States and British Provinces of North America. Illustrated from nature by the author. By Henry William Herbert, author of ‘‘ Field Sports,” ‘‘ Warwick Woodlands,” etic. New York, Stringer & Townsend, 222 Broadway, 1849, 8°. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, par M.le B® Cuvier, . . . ; et par M. Valen- ciennes, .. . Tome vingt-deuxiéme. A Paris, chez P. Bertrand, . . . , 1849. [8° ed. xx, 532, (index) 91 (-+- 1) pp.; 4° ed. xvi, 395, (index) 81 (+ 1) pp.—pl. 634-650. } Suite du livre vingt-deuxiéme.— Suite de la famille des Salmonoides. {No west-coast species described.] A Monograph of the Fresh water Cottus of North America. By Charles Gi- rard. Aug. 1849. < Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., v. 2, pp. 409-411, 1850. On the genus Cottus Auct. By Charles Girard. Oct.17, 1849. < Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 3, pp. 183-190, 1849. 1850—Some additional observations on the nomenclature and classification of the genus Cottus. By Charles Girard. June 19,1350. < Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 8, pp. 302-305, 1850. 285—On a new genus of American Cottoids. By Charles Girard. Feb. 5, 1851. < Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 4, pp. 18-19, 1851. Révision du genre Cottus des auteurs. Par Charles Girard, de l’Association américaine pour V’avancement des sciences, membre de la Société @histoire naturelle de Boston. [1851. 4°, 28 pp] <(N. Denkselir. allg. Schweizer. Gesell. gesammt. Naturw., B. 12, 1852. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. = Contributions to the Natural His- tory of the Fresh Water Fishes of North America. By Charles Girard. I. A Monograph of the Cottoids. Accepted for publication by the Smithson- ian Institution, December, 1850. [Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, ] vol. iii, art. 3, [4°, 80 pp., 3 pl.] Description of a new form of Lamprey from Australia, with a Synopsis of the Family. By J. H. Gray, Esq., F. R. 8., V. P. Z. S., ete. < Proc. Zool. Soe. London, part xix, pp. 235-241, plates, Pisces, iv, v, 1851. ; List of the specimens of Fish iu the collection of the British Museum,—Part I.—Chondropterygii.—Printed by order of the trustees. London, 1851. £12°, x, (2); 160 pp.,.2' pls} [The name of the compiler is not published on the title-page. In the usual introduction, Mr. Gray states:—'*The characters of the genera of Sharks and Rays, with their sy-, monyms, have principally been derived from the work of Professors Miller and Henle. The specimens which were not named by those authors when engaged in their work, or by Dr. Andrew Smith, have been determined by Mr. Edward Gerrard.’’ The responsi- bility of the compilation, however, apparently devolves on JOUN EDWaRD GRAY. The diagnoses of the groups, and, for the most part, the synonymy of the species, are, in fact, translated or trauser.bed from Miiller and Henle’s great work on the Plagiostomes, entitled +s follows:—Sy-tematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen von Dr. J. MULLER, 0.6. Professor der Anatomie und Phys ologie, und Director des auatomischen Theaters und Museums in Berlin, und Dr. J. AENLE, o. 6. Professor der Anatomie uud Director des anatomischen Theaters und Museums in Zirich. Mit secuzig Steindrucktafeln. Berliu, Verlag von Veit und Comp —1s4!1. [Lolio, xxii, 200 pp., 2 1., 60 pl., mostly colored, unnumbered} Anepoch-markins, work, but with no notices of Western American species.) «The Notoptéres are differentiated from the Clupevides as a very cistincs family (uve famille trés- distincte). 19 885i—Supplement to Frank Forrester’s Fish and Fishing of the United States and British Provinces of North America. Dy William Henry Herbert, author of the “ Field Sports of North America,” ‘‘ Frank Forrester and his Friends,” etc. New York, Stringer & Townsend, 222 Broadway, 1851. pp. 1-86. 2&53—Descriptions of some new Fishes from the River Zuni. By S. F. Baird and Charles Girard. June 28,1853. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 368-369, June, 1853. {N. g. and sp. Gila (n. g. 368), Gila robusta (369), Gila elegans (369), Gila gracilis (369).] Descriptions of New Species of Fishes collected by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Lt. Col. Jas. D. Graham. By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard. August 30, 1853. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v. 6, pp. 387-390, August, 1853. {N. sp. Catestomus latipinnis (388), Gila Emoryi (388), Gila Grahami (389), Cyprinodon macularius (389), Heterendria afinis (390), Heterondria occidentalis (390). | 32d Congress, | 2d session. } Senate. { Executive | No. 59. | — | Report of an Ex- pedition | down the | Zuni and Colorado Rivers, | by | Captain L. Sit- greaves, | Corps Topographical Engineers. | — | Accompanied by maps, sketches, views, and illustrations. | — | Washington: | Robert Armstrong, public printer. | 1853. [8°, 190 pp., 11., 24 pl. of scenery (pl. 1 folded), 6 pl. of mammais, 6 pL of birds, 2 pl. of reptiles, 3 pl. of fishes, 21 pl. of botany, 1 folded map, all at end. Title. p.1. Report of the Secretary of War, communicating, ete.] p. 3. [Sitgreaves’s report.] pp. 4-29. Report | on | the natural history | of the | country passed over by the exploring expedition | under the command of Brevet Captain L. Sit- greaves, | U. 8S. Topographical) Engineers, during the year 1851. | By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D., | surgeon and naturalist to the expedition. | pp. 31-40. Zoology. | — | Mammals and Birds, by 8. W. Woodhouse, M. D. | Reptiles, by Edward Hallowell, M. D. | Fishes, by Prof. S. F. Baird and Charles Girard. | pp. 44-152. Mammals. By S. W. Woodhouse, M.D. pp. 45-57, 6 pl. (i-6). Birds. By S.W. Woodhouse, M. D. pp. 58-105, 6 pl. (1-6). Reptiles. By Edward Hallowell, M. D. pp. 106-147, 21 pl. (1-20+ 10 a). Fishes. By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard. pp. 148-152, 3 pl. (1-3). Botany. | — | By Professor John Torrey. pp. 153-178, 21 pls. (1-21). Medical Report. | — | By S. W. Woodhouse, M.D. pp. 179-185. List of illustrations. pp. 187-190. Table of contents. [11.] Extraordinary Fishes from California, constituting a new family, described by L. Agassiz. < Am. Journ. Sci.and Arts, (2), v. 16, pp. 380-390, Nov. 1853; also reprinted in Edinburgh New Phil. Journ., v.57, pp. 214-227; translated in Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte (Berlin), Jalbrg. 20, B. 1, pp. 149-162, 1853. {Family named ‘‘ Family Holconoti or Embiotocoidax” (p. 383). N. g. and n. sp. Hmbiotoca (n. g., 386) :—1. Embiotoca Jacksoné (387); 2. Hmbiotoca Caryi (389).} a [This article was translated into German as follows:—] Ueber cine neve Familie von Fischen aus Californien. Von L. Agassiz. Aus Silliman’s Amer. Journ. vol. xvi. p. 380 iibersetzt. Vom Herausgeber [F. H. Troschel]. < Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 20. Jahrg., B. 1, pp. 14+ j 162, 1854. 20 {This translation was followed by the following original communicatior, in which the systematic relations of the family were definitely determined :—]} Ueber die systematische Stellung der Gattung Embiotoca. Bemerkung zur vorigen Abhandlung. Vom Herausgeber [Dr. F. H. Troschel]. < Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 20. Jabrg., B. 1, pp. 163-168, 1854. 2854—The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M.S. Herald, under the command of Cap- tain Henry Kellett, R. N., C. B., dur.ng the years 1845-51.—Published under the Authority of the Loras Commissioners of the Admiralty.—Edited by Professor Edward Forbes, F. R. S. Vertebrals, ineluding Fossil Mammals. By Sir John Richardson, Knt.,C. B., M. D., F. R. S—London: Lovell Reeve, 5, Henrietta strees, Covent Garden.--1854, (4°, xi, vi, [1]. 171[+ 1] pp., 32 pl.] Fish. pp. 156-171, and pl. xxviii, pl. xxxii!. | Describes Platessa stellata, mouth of Coppermine River (164, pl. 32, f. 1-3); Platessa glacialis, Bathurst's Inlet (166, pl. 32); Szlmo consuctus, Yukou River (167, pl. 32); Salmo dermatinus, Yukon River (169, pl. 33, £. 3-5).} Notice of a collection of Fishes from the southern bend of the Tennessee River, in the State of Alabama. By L. Agassiz. < Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, (2), v. 17, pp. 297-308, Mar. 1854; v. 17, pp. 353-369, May, 1854. Appendix.—Additional notes on the Holconoti. pp. 865-369, May, 1854. [N. g. and n. sp. Zmbiotoca lateralis (366), Rhacochilus (n. g.) toxotes (367), Amphistichus (n. g.) argenteus (367), Holconotus (n. g., 367) rhodoterus (368).) [Translated as follows:—] Nachtriigliche Bemerkungen iiber die Holeconcti. Von Prof. L. Agassiz. Aus Silliman Amer. Journ. xvii. p. 365. Uebersetzt vom Herausgeber [J. H. Troschel]. < Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 21. Jahrg., B. 1, pp. 30-34, 1855. Description of four new species of Viviparous Fishes from Sacramento River and the Bay of San Francisco. Read before the California Academy of Nat- ural Sciences, May 15, 1854. By W. P. Gibbons, M.D. June 27, 1854. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v. 7, pp. 105-106, 1854. [N. sp. Hysterocarpus Traskii (105), Hyperprosopon argenteum (105) and var. a. punctatum (106), Cymatogaster aggregatus (106), Cymatogaster minimus (306).} Description of new Species of Viviparous Marine anil Fresh-water Fishes, from the Bay of San Francisco, and from the River and Lagoons of the Sacramento. By W. P. Gibbons, M. D. [Read before the California Academy of Nat- ural Sciences, Jan. 9th and May 15th, 22d, and 29th, 1854.] July 25, 1854. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v. 7, pp. 122-126, July, 1854. [N. g. and n. sp. Holconotus (122), H. Agassizit (122), H. Gibbonsii, “Cal. Acad. of N.S.” (122), H. fuliginosus (123), Cymatogaster (n. g.), C. Larkinsti (123), C. pulchetlus (123), C. ellipticus (124), Hysterocarpus (n. g.), H. Traskii (124), Hyperprosopon (n. ¢), H. argenteus (125), H. arcuatus (125), Micrometrus (n. g.), I. aggregatus (125), M. minimus (125), Mytilophagus (n g.), I. fasciatus (125), Pachylabrus (n. g.), P. variegatus (126).} {Translated as follows :—] Beschreibung neuer Fische aus der Familie Holconoti aus dem Busen von San Francisco, aus dem Sacramento-Fluss und dessen Lagunen. Von W. P.Gibbons. Aus den Proceedings of the Acad. of nat. se. of Philadelphia vol. vii. 1854. p. 122. iibersetzt vom Herausgeber [}’. H. Troschel]. < Ar- chiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 21. Jabrg., B. 1, pp. 331-341, 1855. Descriptions of new Fishes, collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, Naturalist at- tached to the survey of the Pacific Railroad Route, under Lieut. R. S. Wil- liamsou, U.S.A. By Charles Girard. Aug. 29, 1854. < Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., v.7, pp. 129-140, 1854. {N. g. and n. sp.:—1. Centrarchus interruptus (129), 2. Cottcpsis gulosus (129), 3. Aspicottus (n. g.) bison (130), 4. Leptocottus (n. g., 130) armatus (131), 5. Scorpeenichthys (n. g.) marmo- ratus (131), 6. Sebastes auriculatus (131), 7. Chirus pictus (132), 8. Ohirus guttatus (132), 9. 21 Ophiodon (n g.) elongatus (133), 10. Gasterosteus Williamsoni (133), 11. Gasterosteus micro- cephalus (133), 12. Atherinopsis (n. g.) californiensis (134), 13. Gobius gracilis (134), 14. Embi- otoca lineata (134), 15. Amphistichus similis (135),16. Amphistichus Heermanni (135), 17. Gila conocephala (135), 18. Pogonichthys incequilobus (136), 19. Pogonichthys symmetricus (136), 20. Lavinia (n, g.) exilicauda (137), 21. Lavinia crassicauda (137), 22. Lavinia conformis (137), 23. Leucosomus occidentalis (137), 24. Clupea mirabilis (138), 25. Meletita caerulea (138), 26. Engraulis mordax (138), 27. Platichthys (u. g.) rugosus (139), 23. Pleuwronichthys (n. g.) caeno- sus (139), 29. Parophrys (n. g., 139) vetulus (140), 30. Psettichthys (n. g.) melanostictus (140).] £854—Enumeration of the species of marine Fishes, collected at San Francisco, Cali- fornia, by Dr. C. B. RB. Kennerly, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific R. R. Route, under Lieut. A.W. Whipple. By Charles Girard. Aug. 29, 1854. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Puila., v. 7, pp. 141-142, Aue. 1854. (N. g.and n. sp:—l. Chirus constellatus (141), 3. Porichthys (np. g.) notatus (141), 8. Gadus proximus (141), 10. Psettichthys sordidus {142).} Observations upon 2 collection of Fishes made on the Pacilic coast of the U. States, by Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., for the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Charles Girard. Aug. 29, 1854. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v. 7, pp. 142-156, 1854. [N. g. and n. sp.:—1. Labrax nebulifer (142), 2. Labrax clathratus (143), 3. Heterostichus (n. g ) rostratus (143), 4. Sphyrceena argentea (144), 5. Cottopsis parvus (144), &. Scorpeenichths late- ralis (145), 9. Scorpeena guttata (145), 11. Sebastes rosaceus (146), 12. Sebastes fasciatus (146), 15. Gasterosteus plebeius (147), 16. Gasterosteus inopinatus (147), 17. Umbrina undulata (142), 18. Glyphisodon rubicundus (148), 19. Belone-exilis (149), 20. Bleanius gentilis (149), 21. Gunnellus ornatus (149), 22. Apodichthys (n. g.) flavidus (150), 23. Apodichthys viclaceus (150), 24. Anar- vhichus felis (150}, 26. Julis medestus (151), 29. Embiotoca lineata (151), 30. Embiotoca Cas- etdyi {151}, 32. Holconetus Trowbridgit (152), 33. Holeona'us megalops (152), 21. Phanerodon {n. g.) furcatus (153), 36. Pogoniehthys argyreiosus (153), 37. Fundulus parvipinnis (154), 42. Engraulis delicatissimus (154), 43. Argentina pretiosa (150), 44. Pleuronectes maculosus (155), 48. Lepadogaster reticulatus (155), 49. Sy peiavnias brevirortris (156), 50. Syngnathus lepto- ehynchus (156).} t Descriptions of two species of fish, believed to be new. Sept. 4, 1854. By Wm. O. Ayres. < Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., v.1, pp. 3-4, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 3-4, 1873. {N. sp. Labrus pulcher, Hemitripierus marmoratus.} ¢ Descriptions of two new species of Sebastes. Sept. 11, 1854. By Wm. O. Ayres. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v.1, pp. 5-6, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 5-6, 1873. {N. sp. S. nebulosus, S. parcispinis.] * Descriptions of new species of fish. Sept. 18, 1854. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 7-8, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 7-8, 1873. {N. sp. Sebastes ruber, Sebastes ruber var. parvus, Sebastes variabilis, Centrarchus macu- Zesus.] Observations on the development of Anabieps Gronovii, a viviparous fish from Surinam. By Prof. Jeffries Wyman. Sept. 20,1854. < Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 5, pp. 80-81, Dec. 1854.* “Remarks in relation to the Mode of Development of Embiotocoide. By Charles Girard. Sept. 20,1854. < Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 5, pp. S1-R2, Dec. 1254. “Two new fishes, Morrhua californica and Grystes lineatus. By Wm. O. Ayres. Oct. 2, 1054. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 9-10, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 8-10, 1873. {N. sp. Morrhua californica, Grystes lineatus.} *Sec, also, Observations cn the development of Anaileps Gronovii (Cuv. and Val.). By JefiriesWyman, M.D. Read Sept. 20, 1854. < Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., v. 6, pp. 432-443, pl. 17, Nov. 1854. 22 §854—| Descriptions of a new species of cottoid fish, and remarks on the American Acanthocotti. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Oct.9, 1854. < Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, p. 11, 1854; 2d ed., p. 11, 1873. [N. sp. Olypeocottus robustus (= Aspicottus bison Grd.).} t Descriptions of two new species of fish. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Oct. 23, 1854. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 13-14, 1854; 2d. ed., pp. 12-13, 1873. [N. sp. Brosmius marginatus, Syngnathus griseolineatus.} New species of Californian Fishes, by William O. Ayres, M.D. Nov. 1, 1854. < Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 5, pp. 94-103, Dee. 1054, aud Feb. 1855. [N. sp. Sebastes paucispinis (94), Sebastes nebulosus (96), Sebastes ruber (97), Sebastes ruber var. parvus (98), Centrarchus maculosus (99), Morrhwa californica (100), Labrus pulcher (101).) * Descriptions of the Sturgeons [ Acipenser } found in our [Californian ] waters. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Nov. 27, 1854. < Proc. Cai. Acad. Sci., v. 1, p. 15, Dec. 1854; 2d ed., pp. 14-15. 1873. [N. sp. A. acutirostris, A. medirostris, A. brachyrhynchus.] Characteristics of some Cartilaginous Fishes of the Pacific coast of North Am- erica. By Charles Girard. Nov. 28, 1854. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v. 7, pp. 196-197, 1854. [N. sp.:—1. Cestracien franciset (196), 2. Triakis semifaseiatum (196), 3. Spinaxz (Acanthias) Suckleyi (196), 5. Raja binoeulata (i9b).) Abstract of a Report to Lieut. Jas. M. Gilliss, U.S.N., wpon the Fishes col- jected during the U. S. N. Astronomical Expedition to Chili. By Charles Girard. Nov.23, 1854. < Proc. Acad. Nas. Sci. Phila., v. 7, pp. 197-199, 1854. [Genus Atherinopsis noticed, and the Melctta cerulea of Aug. 29, 1854, v. 3, p. 138, rede- scribed as a new species, under the namo Alosa musica. } .| Descriptions of two new species of fish, By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Dec. 4, 1854. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pa. 17-18, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 16-17, 1873. {N. sp. Osmerus elongatus, Mustelus felis.| tDescriptions of two new seecies of Cyprinoids. By Wm. O. Ayres, M. D. Dec. 11,1854. < Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 18-19, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 17-18, 1873. [N. sp. Catostomus occi.entalis, Gila grandis.} * Descriptions of two new Cyprinoid fish. By Wm. 0. Ayres, M.D. Dec. 18, 1854. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 20-21, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 19-20, 1873. [N. sp. Lavinia gibbosa, L. compressa. } “Description of a new Cyprino.d fish. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Dee. 25, 1854. < Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 21-22, 1854; 2d ed., pp. 20-21, 1873. (N. sp. Gila microlepidota.} : A list of the Fishes collected in California, by Mr. E. Samuels, with descrip- tions of the new species. By Charles Girard, M. D. [1854.] < Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., v. 6, pp. 533-544, pl. 24-26, 1857. 4855—Synopsis of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Pacific Slope of North America, chiefly from the collections made by the U.S. Exp. Exped. under the eom- mand of Capt. C. Wilkes, with recent additions and comparisons with east- ern types. By Louis Agassiz. < Am. Journ. Sci. and-Arts, v. 19, pp. 71-99, Jan., 1855; v. 19, pp. 215-231, March, 1855. [N. g. and n. sp. Catostomus occidentalis (94), Acrocheilus (n. g., 96) alutaceus (99), Ptycho- cheilus (n. g., 227), Ptychocheilus gracilis (229), Ptychocheilus major (229), Mylocheilus (n. g. 229) lateralis 231).} 23 2855—* On two species of Liparis. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Jan. 8, 1855. < Proe Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 23-24, Feb. 1, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 21-23, 1873. LN. sp. ZL. pulchellus, L. mucosus.} t Description of a new genus (Leptoguncilus) and two new species of fishes. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Jan. 22, 1855. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 25-27, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 24-25, 1873. [N. sp. Leiestomus lineatus, Leptogunellus gracilis.) * Description of a Lamprey, frem the vicinity of San Francisco. By Wim. O. Ayres, M.D. Feb. 5, 1855. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., vy. 1, p. 28, Feb. 19, 1855; 2d ed., p. 27, 1873. (N. sp. Petromyzon plumbeus.} “Remarks on the foetal Zygena (Hammer-headed Shark). By Jeffries Wy- man. Feb. 21, 1855. < Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v. 5, p. 157, Marelf, 1855. { Description of a new generic type among fishes.) Ry Wm. O. Ayres, M. D. Feb. 26,1855. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., v. 1, pp. 31-32, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 30-31, 1873. [N. sp. Anerrhichthys ocellatus.} (Description of a new species of Catastomus. By Wm. O. Aiea, M. D. March 5, 1855. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 32-33, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 31- ~ 32, 1873. [N. sp. Catostomus labiatus.] “Description of a new ichthyic type. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. March 12, 1855. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 33-35, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 32-34, 1873. (N. & and n. sp. Mylephareden (n. g) robustus.} © Description of a new Trout. By W.P.Gibbons. Murch 19,1855. ~< Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 36-37, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 35-36, 1873. {N. ep. Salme iridea.} “Qn specimens of Gasterosteus plebeius, Gir., brought from San José by the Rev. Mr. Douglas. By Wm. 0. Ayres, M.D. April 2, 1855. < Proe. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, p. 4@, 1855; 2d ed., p. 39, 1873. { Description of a new Platessa, and remarks on the Flatfish of the San Fran- cisce markets. By Wm. O. Ayres, M. D. April 2, 1855. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 39-40, 1355; 2d ed., pp. 39-40, 1873. [N. sp. Platessa bilineata.} t Description of a new Salmo and a new Petromyzon. By Wm. O. Ayres. April 16, 1855. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v. 1, pp. 43-45, 1855; 2d ed., pp. 42-44, 1873. 2 LN. sp. Salme rivularis, Petromyzon ciliatus.} Notice upon the Viviparous Fishes inhabiting the Pacific coast of North Amer- ica, with an enumeration of the species observed. By Charles Girard. April 24, 1855. < Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v. 7, pp. 318-323, 1755. [N. g. and n. sp. :—3. Embietoca, Webbi (320),5 ELmbietocaornata (321i), 6. Embiotoca perspica- bilis (321), 7. Damealichthys (nu. g.) vacoa (321), 9. Abeona (n. g.) Trowbridgii (322), 11. Ennich- thys (n. g., 322), Ennichthys megalaps (323), 12. Ennichthys Heermansi (323).] {Trans!ated into German by Dr. Troschel as follows:—} Ueber die lebendig gebirenden Fische an der Westkiiste von Nordamerika. Von Charles Girard. (Proceedings of the Academy of nat. sc. of Phila- delphia April 1855.) Uebersetzt vom Herausgeber [Prof. Dr. Troschel]. Embiotoca lateralis; n. sp. Hyperprosopon analis,—neither described.] + Communication on several new generic types of fishes, 7. e., Podothecus, Hoplopagrus, and Stephanolepis. By Theodore Gill. April 16, 1861. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 77-78, 1861. {N. g. and sp. Podothecus (n. g.).] Revision of the genera of North American Sciznine. By Theodore Gill. April 30,1861. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 79-89, 1861. [N. g. Rhinoscion (85) for Amblodon saturnus Grd., Genyonemus (87) for Leiostomus line- atus Ayres.] 5 On the Liostominz. By Theodore Gill. April 30, 1861. < Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 89-93, 1861. (Remarks on Leiostomus lineatus (92).] Salmonideg of Frazer River, British Columbia. By C. Brew. < Edinburgh New Philos. Journ., v. 13, p. 164, 1861. : On the Haploidonotine. By Theodore Gill. May 28.1861. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 100-105, 1861. (Remarks on Ambledon szturnus (105).] Notices of Certain New Ae of North American Salmonide, chiefly in tho Collection of the N. W. Boundary Commission, in charge of Archibald Campbell, Esq., cu eonaee United States, by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly, Naturalist to the Commission. By George Suckley, M. D., late Assistant Surgeon, U.S.Army. Read beforethe New York Lyceum of Natural History, June, 1861. < Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, v. 7, pp. 806-313, 1862. {N. g. and sp. Salmo Kennerlyi (307), Salmo brevicauda (308), Salmo Warreni (308), Salmo Bairdii (309), Salmo Parket (309), Oncorhynchus (n. g., 312), Salmo Campbelli (313).] Notes on some genera of fishes of the western coast of North America. By Theodore Gill. July 30,1861. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 164-168, 1861. (N. g. Atractoperca (164), Archoplites (165), Parephippus (165), Wypsypops (165), Sebastodes (165), Acantholebius (166), Pleurogrammus (166), Grammatopleurus (166), Megalccottus (166). Olinocottus (166), Blennicottus (166), Anoplagonus (167), BRO UB EMER (168), Hypsagonus. (167), * Paragonus (167).) On new types of Aulostomatoids, found in Washington Territory. By Theo- doreGill. July 30,1861. < Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 168-170, 1861. [N. g. and sp. Aulorhynchus (n. g., 169) flavidus (169).} On the genus Podothecus. By Theodore Gill. Sept. 24, 1861. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 258-261, Sept. 1861. Description of a new generic type of Blennoids. By Theodore Gill. Sept. 24, 1861. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 13], pp. 261-263, Sept. 1861. {N. g.andsp. Anoplarchus (n. g., 261) purpurescens (262).] 35 £861—Catalogue of the Tishes in the British Museum. By Albert Giinthe1 Volume third. London: printed by order of the trustees. 1861. [Oct. ] At first only entitled:—Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Volume third. Gobiide, Discoboli, Oxudercidz, Batrachidx, Pediculati, Blenniide, Acanthoclinide, Comephoride, Trachypterida, Lophotidx,Teuthididz, Acro- nuridx, Hoplognathide, Malacanthide, Nandidaw, Polycentrid, Labyrin- thici, Luciocephalidz, Atherinidx, Mugilid, Ophiocephalidex, Trichonotide, Cepolidz, Gobiesocidz, Psychrolutidw#, Centriscidie, Fistulariide, Masta- cembelidz, Notacanthi. London: printed by order of the Trustees. 1861. [Published in Oct. 8°. General title + xxv, 586 + x* pp.—10s. 6d.] [N. g. and n.sp. Cyclopterus orbis (158), Liparis cyclopus (163), Centronotus crista-galli (289) = Anoplarchus crista-galli (564), Psychrolutes (n. g.) paradoxus (516).] * Description of a new ichthyic form from the coast of Lower California. By Wm. O. Ayres, M. D. Dec. 1, 1861. < Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 156-158, 1862. [N. sp. Cynoscion parvipinnis.] Analytical synopsis of the order Squali and revision of the nomenclature of the genera. By Theodore Gill. Dec. 16, 1861. < Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., y. 7, pp. 368*-370*-+ 371-408, 1862. Squalorum generum novorum descriptiones diagnostice. Theodore Gill, auc- tore. Dec. 16, 1861. < Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., v. 8, pp. 409-413, 1862. 1862—Description of a new species of Hemilepidotus, and remarks on the group (Tewnistie#) of which it is a member. By Theodore Gill. Jan. 28, 1862. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 14], pp. 13-14, 1862. [N. sp. Hemilepidotus Gibbsii (13).] On the subfamily of Argentinine. By Theodore Gill. Jan? 28, 1862. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 14], pp. 14-15, 1862. [N. g. Mesopus (14) or Hypomesus (15).] Note on the Sciewnoids of California. By Theodore Gill. Jan. 28, 1862. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [v. 14], pp. 16-18, 1862. [5 species enumerated. ] ¢ Notice of fresh water Fishes taken in the Bay of San Francisco. By Wm. O. Ayres, M.D. Feb. 3, 1862. < Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 163, Sept. 1862. [8 sp. specified. ] On the limits and arrangement of the family of Scombroids. By Theodore Gill. March 25, 1862. Atherinopsis aginis Ayres. ] Description of a New Species of Trout from Mendocino County. [Typical specimen in the collection of California Academy of Natural Sciences.] By W. R. Gibbons, Alameda. June 22, 1875. ac sat a sciscaties hes 22, 31 transmontanus .........--.. 13, 15, 16, 31 PARCOTAUS |S Se eiat as Sele eis asses ce cee see cs wiser 25 PACES) SONCLOSUS oe seen soe nie aa macanete 29, 43 PRGEOGHOUMUS 2 sae rias ssn Pate aieneicise/sinc orc ksaisos 22 Acrocheilus alutaceus.............00.-.---- 22 MEO PALIS HL ALICEDS = mn scisicicapm ce vceanicoesces 39 PAS ASNI 7) CAO RANCOM tian ica nsicia sion cieaacas 34 PARAS SIZ li) oes oa) eis tee Sets = salvte 19, 20, 22, 24, 25 PREBASI Ze ETOLSSOR 55 ccinaresssaccusneeseses 3,8 Agonus ....... Seesaw lelaa leita nee ete ieee 9 JX RU eS Semmeccsadee See eee erat 25 PHTVSO PARLOR iia cis oun anise tosis sa =) 25 Memepallicar stcsshecnscncn aoc seease: 25 Alaska, bie salmon Of .--. 25: --.-.. Fay ewes se gel Aletta 19, 20 polyacanthocephalus ...------...... 10, 16 BLS yTOSOMa eee ee see 25, 29, 41 UMACHUTOS See. cce/e acne tesla ae ens. 10 Caryitss ete ie eae 19 SO UNG Nea 5 epee lel nl lala etmlal elm elalnlnl == == 12 Cassidii mesentery: 21, 29 Cones nH Mote scence ccmciwe cco sceaaine sic 10 Jacksonivessee st eh eas 19, 29, 41 eRe aaa no one canna cee ceieecasaasnwnans 63, 64 lateralistossck Getic 2-0-2 eee -- 20,34 Cremony, JohnC........-.......-....-...-. 45 linea tars so. see e199 Cronises Mrtns Heyes see eceneacasseeles(cenisc- 41 OPMata Ee oo. ast sae Ree 99.099 Cutts hichardsD e922 ee sconmec cis ccaceieo 42s en. Somes 42 INGORMMECIUS beset eee ee ee 20)28..)\ Hallas. eee nee eee er ecto. mens ame eee 32 microcephalus...........--- 21,28)42)| Halibutishing=2 2: --92-se52-— eee eee 40 plebeius 22a. 7s.e8 eee 21 /23,.20, 42) | Hallockw @hanlesizsesesssseeass eases 56, 59, 60, 63 PUR CUO Semen tee es aan: 20,28 || Hallowell) Hdward 222-2: .ccscececee /s=se/= 19 BOETAGUS!-co asso eee ten oot 2S 28R42) Wie, VAct Rep ere ie Monee ene oe eee ee 62 Williamsoni..............-. OF 98 AS) ay, AU ae ee eee ae Pe eee eee 60 Gastrophysus politus ...................-.. 44.1) “May den hi Vicwetacae = es sce cee eeeeeen neste 46, 51 CBY | CLAUOUOS meee senna s)he eee eee eee 16 | Hazlitt, William Carey ---2-¢2-----<----- ee 4 GEnyonemusgiss35. genase seen ee ees os 34 4) ESB .§ Vee ee eee oe ee 60 Gibbons) sD rear eeeeee eee 20 NUP ROTS eee eee aie eae ere etna 14, 47 PSOE Sacmnascesanbe Sos: 20 Liparis cyclopus ---.....----.---.----------- 35) |) Myxodesielevans@=oe-s-=- eee amen eee eee 38, 53: INTLCOSUS es sieiein oleate mie telet ats atetetlmie]=ni=t= 23, 43 N : pulchellast=--c-=see ee ee ene 238, 43 5 Lockington, W. N-.---- 58, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 | Narcine californica.-.....-....-....-------- 31 Long, Maj. Stephen H .-..........-----.--- 11 | Naucrates ductor...-..-..-.---.------.----- 32 Lord, John Keast -----.---..--.---- eee yaaa AQ) | Nahi Gh bhiy seme eee a ate el Seer 27 Lumpenus auguillaris......-.-.---..------- 28, 42 oculo-fasciatus ............---- 28 Neng kken el) en bee eerste nels eeteteleteete 4.9) | Nem AOC emits ie erecta ete) etter 40 Emxalus occidentalis; --s.c sess oe eenia-- aoe le BE 743i | NCO CLUTN TES pect terete eee eee ote atte 27 Iycodes Turmerii <<. .-.-.<-. -2-n---- = - 60 Blanchardive--oseseseeer eee 27, 28, 42 Tiycod oldie yecseeae sete eerel eee eee ee 37 BatcICOS ee eens eae e ene eee 32 Newada fish hatchery eo ce- cen cee= ce =a—=iee=e 60 M. Nordhoff, Charles w2c22e--aeee-oe eee 47 McDonald, Duncan George Forbes ...-..--- 4 | Notorhynchus.......-------++-+-++--+++2+-- 37 Macfie. Matthow.--+-2seeece neces eee seen 39 borealis ...--.---.-+----+-+-- 38 Mackerel catching) -e-s see peoe nese sate ase 45 maculatus -..--.------+-+--- 24, 44 IW EyOWiG tee ceaekeonosou ses sbonbaooses act ood 16 0 IVa OC eae eee eeena eee naee a 61 i Mallotus) paciticnssc ae... se- = erate 116 | Ol Poco tts emeree sae eee ete ie eter ratatete 25 MiinI-SHC KON) soe see seri eee eee eeaomaerel= 40 De bish es aoe gooasnooSsSsonadS- 26, 27, 42 Mariner Heder acme sale este 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63 DIODICEPS“aeee= == aaeee eee 26, 27, 42 Miceyare ss © OAc eve) © ee eteee maa = = eee 4 mAaculosuSt+er= ae ase sels 25, 27, 42 MCda saa.) a scemocnecm meen ee eaeaie ce eae ers D5 MONGOLE AIC HS ate ae le steele ete eee es 34 nT RAGE aeons] see teoasoesonoobeosedc 95.51 |) Ophichthys onc c0ccoes =~ em meee =a ~ (1 40 Me PalG CO thus eeeeee eae ee ee cee 34.) (Ophidion Way Oren crete met alot lalslale ea ial= ral 27, 28, 43 IWIGEOI GS paseo occo scene noscegsdooSeueadsas 116i | Op hidim eee eee aoe eee eee ee eRe eee 14 Meletta coerulea. ---<-.----<2--cores == 21, 22, 30, 43 f Sinha Besse 5 acebonesosas senecl= sor 14 Merlangus productus ........---..--.---. 24, 28,43 | Ophidiurus californiensis ---.......-.------- 43 BVO S 0 OUUS eee ae teats eater ota ee eet aby || (Oya tials Soop condo bSpecoce co saSohecesaase 21 MIGG) SOHO NE) Seese pdosuadodbebsoeses sanscece 39 CLONE NOUS eer ee ee ee ee 21, 27 Cooperite seas eseee ee eaeeee a= 3943 ||| Ophisthoomathus): ase cneee eee eee eee 40 MU OTIC OOS ese se areas seem eet eet era 391) OplopOmiaieretss== <5 =tctslels slant se seine eee 25 DiED GC bAUTS ee ee eee eee 39 Pan Terma eee eee eee 25, 27, 42 MICO SACU Set ser erent ccietae ashame iemaeiat 39) .Oxreymus paciicusy.-ssenesese setae sa ee 37, 42 proximus .....- Seaeeeee serene 39) | ,OnthaCorisGHs aes. laeme tele ee eet 14 IMA CLOMOLUES tases chats cee ncsmccceesecins 2 ANAS 2 sales aeecer a eeisee eee eeers 32, 44 ageregatus ...--.....--......- 20 MOL Se. See See eee eee ane 14 MUNTINUS hee eee eee nese ae 20 | Orthodon microlepidotus -.--...-..--.---.---.- 29, 43 Microstomatoids, note on...--..---..----.-- BON OLGHO PS OCC ee oe ele re ee ete ote tele nitt 36 IV OTS] VEL OVI reine oe al eloleraleeis alo ieiainl==(=)o = 47 | Osmerus elongatus’-------. 25. 20sece>nna--- = 22 plabyrhyHChus).--- <\-sscnieinciecmce 47 ICULOSUS eerste oleate 30 VE UT STC Eu eerie ie apelin eee alee eae role 8 thaleichthys ---.--.----.--. 20-20. 32, 43 MG TONIC Ht eee eee ieee ian e eee eae AS || Osteoglossum! =2 2-52 - set-in anlar 16 MOMMY TIS) =5 ee senie cis ealesinctals win leleigeieia= tae 16 | Otolithus californiensis..........--.-.------ 49 Morrhua californica..-.............-...---- 21522) || Osylebiuseeere sere easeeee == eee eee 36 DUOMUM Biacem 37 MACHIOSUSf eect acta clonic 287,433) |[BBOMOLODUS seamed. so<'s ocesos ou case eee Eee 62 Paratractns boops..2.......-...0.-2---...-- 421 MP OOLOWHTANCIS\: Joo .os52 coer abe oce eee 4 Parephippus) cases occas cen ederssewsesa te 34) |Porichthys) <<. <=. =-- seg oamcee eee 57 IBATOPNTYS AVTOSil) socccsocsesececss ss sescas 36,43 | Portland Oregonian ..............-----...-- 48 Hub pardil Soee sees seeceeacedee= BGs | PEOLAMOCOUUON Pease n ce nte acs nic cost wicateeeee 33 VGUUNUS ttciscicie/ociajeisetsicie casas hs sc anncle ee acca 25, 30 SiMUMANS esse scec ee qeceeetees 38 BUCH ATS = tale ce Sus wieccle sees deceee A350 Seriphuseasceseneseeee sec eseice dele eae 33 MLONGCAUUS «arcane onde Renee eh ee 26 POUUUS Sees eral ane eoeieeteee tots 33, 4] OUD PIOGN oa ioa cic csp cinis neyo Seisiceae 13505 sie SelT AUS) ae eee eer eee ease aie eee 40 PHO ES ea ces ccccc.s on Seppe there’ 46 | Shad, California: -.-..:--.-....... 2 ee 23, 24, 40 Synodus lucioceps oan wn sees ee we seccccnccese 43 fish from Japan acts see = slo oe eens eee seers My x.. 2-22. 72 =-\22>- eee oem eeeeee Bibliography ee emcees tee ees cewe were ete we ne wwe ee ee ee | Se ee er wee wee ewe ew ewes we re eee eee tees ee ee ee eee wee ee weer tee eee te trees wee hee eee we ee eee eee ewe ae tee eee we CONTRIB UTLON'S NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY. No. 3. ve ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF -THE FISHES OF THE ALLEGHANY REGION OF SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, AND TENNESSEE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES, By Davip S. JoRDAN AND ALEMBERT W. BRAYTON. This paper is based primarily on the collections made by the present writers, assisted by Mr. C. H. Gilbert, and a party of students from Butler University, during the past summer (1877), in varfous streams of South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. For the purpose of a more complete discussion of questions of geographical distribution, the au- thors have brought together, witb their own observations, those previ- ously made on the fish-faunze of the same streams by other writers, especially the observations on the fishes of the Tennessee Basin by Protessor Agassiz ;* those on the fishes of the basins of the Santee t (Catawba), Tennessee,¢ and Cumberland,|| by Professer Cope, and on the fishes of the Cumberlaud, Tennessee, Alabama, and Altamaha * Notice of a Collection of Fishes from the Southern Bend of the Tennessee River, in the State of Alabama. By L. Agassiz. < American Journal Sci. Arts, 1254, pp. 297- 308 and 353-365. + Partial Synopsis of the Fishes of North Carolina. By E.D.Cope. < Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1870, pp. 448-495. { On the distribution of Fresh- water Fishes in the Alleghany Region of South-western Virginia. By E. D. Cope, A.M. < Journal Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. new series, vol. vi, part ili, January, 1869, pp. 207-247. || On some Etheostomine Perch from Tennessee and North Carolina. By E. D. Cope. < Pree. Am. Philos. Soc. 1870, pp. 261-270. ~ 4 8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. basins by Professor Jordan.* The purpose of this paper is to give a résumé of all that is certainly known in regard to the ichthyology of the seven hydrographic basins embraced in its scope, viz, the Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, Chattahoochee, Alabama, Tennessee, and Cum- berland. For purposes of comparison, a table of distribution of species is added, which includes, in addition, what is known of the fish-faunae of the James, Roanoke, Neuse, Great Pedee, and Ohio. The following is a classified list of the streams which have been ex- amined in each water-basin included in this paper, with a word or two suggestive of the character of each stream. The collections in every case were made by one or both of the present writers, unless otherwise stated. LIST OF STREAMS EXAMINED. I.—SANTEE BASIN. 1, Catawba River and tributaries in North Carolina. (Cope, 1869.) 2. Ennoree River, near Chick Springs, S.C. (Deep, muddy, and rapid.) 3. Reedy River, at Greenville Court-House, S.C. (Muddy.) 4, Saluda River, at Farr’s Mills, west of Greenville. (Clear and rapid; a fine seining-ground.) I.—SAVANNAH BASIN. 1. Tugaloo River, Habersham County, Ga., just below mouth of Panther, (Clear, broad rapids.) | 2, Panther Creek, north of ‘Toccoa City, Ga. (Clear mountain-stream.) 3. Toccoa Creek, below ‘Toccoa Falls, Ga. (Clear, coid mountain- stream ; contains little besides Hydrophiox rubricroceus.) 4, Toxaway and Chatuga Rivers and tributaries about the foot of White- side Mountain. (Clear mountain-streams, abounding in Trout.) IIl.—ALTAMAHA BASIN. 1. Oconee River, at Sulphur Springs and Fuller’s Mills, Hall County, Georgia. (Clear.) . Ocmulgee River, Reed’s Fish-pond, south of Atlanta, Ga. (Head- bo waters; clear.) 5. Oemulgee River, South Fork, Flat Rock, De Kalb County, Georgia. (Partly clear ; a small falls, and a deep basin worn in granite rock ; a fine stream for seining.) * A Partial Synopsis of the Fishes of Upper Georgia; with Supplementary Papers on Vishes of Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana. By David Starr Jordan, M. D., Ph. D < Annals N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist. vol. xi, 1877, pp. 307-377. bo Ct Pm Co ‘ i) Oo +] Coot aa oon 123 13. 14. ON THE FISHES OF THE ALLEGHANY REGION. 9 . Ocmulgee River, Macon, Ga. (Collection of Dr. T. H. Bean and other members of the United States Fish Commission.) IV.— CHATTAHOOCHEE BASIN. . Chattahoochee River at Shallow Ford, northwest of Gainesville, Ga. (Broad, shallow, rapid; water moderately clear.) . Suwannee Creek, near Suwannee, Gwinnett County, Ga. (Deep, muddy, and very cold. Contains chiefly Codoma eurystoma.) . Peach Tree Creek, just north of Atlanta. (Deep and muddy.) . Nancy’s Creek, northwest of Atlanta. (Clear and rapid.) . Flint River, in Taylor County. (Collection of Dr. Hugh M. Neisler in United States National Museum.) V.—ALABAMA BASIN. A.—LHtowah River. . Pettis Creek, near Cartersville, Ga. (Clear, rocky.) . Silver Creek, near Rome, Ga. (Clear, rapid; a fine stream for col- lecting.) . Dyke’s Creek and Pond, near Rome, Ga. (Clear and cold.) B.—Oostanaula River. . Rocky Creek, near Floyd Springs, Ga. (A fine, clear stream.) . John’s Creek, near Floyd Springs. (Clear.) . Lovejoy’s Creek, near Floyd Springs. (A small sandy stream, full of fishes.) . Big Armuchee Creek, above Rome. (Clear.) . Big Dry Creek, near Rome. (A succession of weedy rock-pools.) . Little Dry Creek, near Rome. (Like the preceding.) . Waters’s Creek, above Rome. (Muddy and rocky.) it: Lavender Creek, in Texas Valley, Ga. (A small clear stream.) C.—Coosa River. Beech Creek, near Rome. (Muddy.) Horse-leg Creek, near Rome. (Rocky, clear.) Little Cedar Creek, at Cave Spring, Ga. (A fine, clear, cold stream. One of the best for the collection of fishes. Abounds in Xenisma stelliferum, Hydrophlox chrosomus, Codoma callistia, and other beautiful species.) D.— Alabama River, near Montgomery, Ala. (Collection of Dr. Bean and others, 1876.) 10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. VI.—TENNESSEE BASIN. A. Upper Course. . Clinch River, tributaries in Southwestern Virginia. (Cope, 1868.) . Powell’s River, near Cumberland Gap. (Clear.) . Indian Creek, near Cumberland Gap. (Clear.) . Station Creek, near Cumberland Gap. (Clear.) m= W LO ee | . Holston River, various tributaries in Southwestern Virginia. (Cope, 1863.) . French Broad River, at Newport, Tenn. (Rather deep and muddy.) . French Broad River, about Warm Springs, N. C., Asheville, N. C., and elsewhere.) (Cope, 1869.) (Rapid, rocky, and generally clear.) 8. Big Pigeon River, at Cliifton, Tenn. (Rather clear.) 9. Swannanoa Liver, at foot of Black Mountain. (Clear, cold mount- ain stream, with trout.) B.—Lower Course. 10. Chickamauga River, at Ringgold, Ga. (Rather clear and very rocky.) 11. Tributaries of Tennessee River, about Huntsville, Ala. (Agassiz; Newman’s collection, 1853.) , 12. Tributaries of Tennessee River, about Florence, Ala. (Storer, 1845.) 13. Elk River and tributaries, at Estill Springs, Tenn. (Clear, rocky, and cold.) VII.— CUMBERLAND BASIN. 1. Round-Stone River, Rock Castle County, Kentucky. (Clear.) 2. Rock Castle River, Livingston, Ky. (Clear and rocky.) 3. Big Laurel River, Laurel County, Kentucky. (Clear.) 4, Cumberland River, about Pineville, Ky. (Clear, rocky.) _ 5. Yellow Creek, near Cumberland Gap. (Rather muddy.) 6. South Fork of Cumberland River, in Tennessee. (Cope, 1869.) . 7. Cumberland River and tributaries, near Nashville. (Winchell, 1876.) 8. Stone River, Murfreesboro’, Tenn. (Clear and rocky.) It wiil be noticed that almost without exception the above mentioned localities are in the mountainous or upland parts of the different water- basins. Of the fishes inhabiting distinctively the lowland courses of most of the streams, little is yet definitely known. FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. rr The Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, and Chattahoochee have been examined only in that part of their course which flows over metamor- phic rocks. The three western streams have been studied chiefly in the limestone regions. The lithological character of the bed of a stream has a certain influence on its fish-fauna, as will be seen hereafter. Gen- erally limestone streams are richer in species than those with granitic bottoms. The types of the new species described below are deposited in the United States National Museum at Washington, and in the Museum of Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana. I.—SANTEE BASIN. Thirty-nine species are ascertained to occur in the headwaters of the Santee River, thirty-three having been obtained by Professor Cope in the Catawba River in North Carolina, and thirty by the present writers in the Saluda and Ennoree in South Carolina. Of these thirty nine species, ten are not as yet known from any other hydrographic basin. These are: Alvordius crassus, Nothonotus thalassinus, Ceratichthys labrosus, Ceratichthys zanemus, Codoma pyrrhomelas, Codoma chloristia, Photogenis niveus, Alburnops chlorocephalus, Alburnops saludanus, and Myxostoma album. The apparent absence of Luxilus cornutus in the Great Pedee, Santee, Savannah, Altamaha, and Chattahoochee Basins is remarkable, as that species is abundant in the tributaries of the Neuse on the east and the Alabama on the west, as in all streams northward to Minnesota and New England. The species most abundant as to individuals, in the Saluda at least, is probably Notropis photogenis. Next to this come Codoma pyrrhome- lasand Ceratichthys biguttatus. Of the Catostomide, Myxostoma cervinum seems to be the predominant species; of the Silurida, Amiurus brun- neus, and of the Centrarchide, Lepiopomus awritus. The chief food- fishes at Greenville, S. C., are the “* Mud Cats” (Amiurus brunneus and platycephalus), the ‘Fine-scaled Sucker” (Catostomus commersoni), the Kel (Anguilla vulgaris), the ‘Spotted Sucker” (Minytrema melanops), the * Perch” (Lepiopomus auritus), the “ War-mouth Perch ” (Chenobryttus viridis), the “Jack” (Esow reticulatus), and the “Jump Rocks” (Myzxo- stoma cervinum). 12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III ETHEOSTOMATID A. Genus ALVORDIUS Girard. 1. ALVORDIUS CRASSUS, sp. nov. Etheostoma maculatum var. Corr, Proc. Am. Philos, Soc. 1870, 261, 262, and 449. (Not Hadropterus maculatus Girard.) A species bearing considerable resemblance to A. aspro, but less distinctly marked and more heavily built, the form being less graceful than that of the other members of the genus. Body considerably com- pressed, the depth 44 times in length to origin of caudal (as in all cases in this paper). Head comparatively short, 34 in length; the snout medium, not acuminate as in A. phoxucephalus, nor especially obtuse. Eye moderate, as long as snout, 4 in head. Mouth rather small for the genus, nearly horizontal, the upper jaw but little the longer: upper jaw not projectile: maxillary reaching anterior margin of eye. Cheeks naked: opercles with a few scales above: back and breast naked: middle line of belly in some specimens naked: in others with enlarged plates. Scales on the body rather larger than usual, about 7-55-71. Fins moderately developed: dorsal XII-I, 10, varying to XI-I, 11; an increase in the number of the spines, as usual, accompanying a decrease in the number of soft rays, a- rule apparently not hitherto noticed, and perhaps not of general application. The two dorsal fins are well separated, the first being longer than the second, but consider- ably lower. Anal fin shorter, but higher than second dorsal, II, 9; the two spines well developed. Caudal fin deeply lunate, almost furcate. Pectorals and ventrals large, their tips about equal. Coloration rather plain. General hue olivaceous; the back marked with darker, as in the other species of the genus. Sides with a series of dark olive, rounded blotches, connected along the lateral line by a narrow, dark band; a dark streak forward, and one downward from the eye. JF irst dorsal with a dark spot in front, and another on its last rays. Second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals barred with dark spots. Anal and ventrals uncolored. Length of longest specimens observed, 3 inches. Habitat—Saluda, Ennoree, and Reedy Rivers, in rapid water, espe- cially abundant in the Saluda at Farr’s Mills. Also recorded by Cope from the Catawba. FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 13 Genus BOLEOSOMA DeKay. 2. BOLEOSOMA MACULATIGEPS Cope. Boleosoma maculaticeps Cope (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 269 and 450. (Catawba R.)—Jorpan & COPELAND (1876), Check List (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist.), 163. (Name only.) Arlina maculaticeps JORDAN (1877), Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. x, 15. (Name only.) Boleosoma olmstedi JORDAN (1877), Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 368. (Ocmulgee River.) A single specimen taken in the Saluda River at Farr’s Mills answers closely to Professor Cope’s description. The upper part of the cheeks have, however, a few scattering scales. This species is a true Boleosoma. Although the type of Boleosoma has but a single anal spine and B. efful- gens and B. maculaticeps have two anal spines, the essential character of those spines is the same in both cases, and tbe genus Arlina, based on B. effulgens, is a synonym of Boleosoma. In Boleosoma, the spines are all weak and flexible, and those of the anal especially so. In most or all of the other genera of Hiheostomatida, the anal spines are stiff and long, and, with scarcely an exception, the first spire is the Jonger of the two. In the species of Boleosoma, with two anal spines, the two spines are unequal, the second the longer, both extremely slender and flexible; not at all “‘spine”-like, except that they are not inarticulate. This feeble condition of the spines seems to constitute the chief generic character of Boleosoma. Two of the species provisionally referred by Professor Jordan (Bull. U.5. Nat. Mus. x) to “Arlina”, viz, Arlina stigmea Jor. and A. atripin- nis Jor., have the anal spines well developed, as usual in Htheostomatide. These two species and their congeners apparently constitute a distinct genus, differing from Diplesium in the toothed vomer and from Notho- notus in the protractile upper jaw. For this genus, the name of Ulocentra (Jordan) has been suggested (Man. Vert. ed. 2d, p. 223), in allusion to the development of the spines. Genus NOTHONOTUS Agassiz 3. NOTHONOTUS THALASSINUS, sp. nov. A handsome species, differing from the others now referred to this genus in tiie entire nakedness of the head. Body rather stout, the depth about 5 times in the length, com. pressed behind, the back somewhat arched. Head large, 4 in length, the snout rather blunt and convex in profile; a pretty decided angle ¢ 14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. opposite the eye. Eyes large, high up, longer than the muzzle, 3$ in head: interorbital space rather narrow, the eye having some upward range. Mouth moderate, slightly oblique, the maxillary reachiug to orbit. Upper jaw slightly longer than the lower, not protractile. Head entirely naked, both cheeks and opercles being destitute of scales. Seales large, 5-43-5. Belly scaled: throat naked: neck anteriorly naked, but scaly in front of the dorsal: lateral line complete. Fins all large: D, X-I, 10, or LX-I, 11, the membrane of the first dor- sal continued to the base of the second: longest dorsal spine a little over half the length of the head, scarcely shorter than the sott rays; the base of the spinous dorsal a little longer than that of the soft dor- sal. Anal II, 8, rather smaller than second dorsal, the first spine longer and larger than the second. Caudal fin deeply lunate, almost forked. Pectoral and ventral fins large; the former reaching nearly to the vent, the latter somewhat shorter. Color, in spirits: Olive, closely mottled and tessellated above with dark green; this color extending down the sides, forming six or eight irregular dark green bars. Head daik green; a dark green line down- ward from eye and another forward. Fins in males nearly plain, the spinous dorsal with a black edge; females witb all the tius except the ventrals closely barred or speckled with dark green. Two pale orange spots at the base of the caudal. Life-colors: The colors of a male specimen in life are as follows: Body dark olive and blotched above: sides with nine dark blue-green vertical bars, the five next the last most distinct, and reaching down nearly to the anal. Spinous dorsal reddish at base, then with a broad black band, the uppermost third being of a bright ferruginous orange-red : second dorsal blackish at base, reddish above: caudal with two orange blotches at base, black mesially, pale orange externally. Anal fin of a brilliant blue-green color at base, pale at tip. Pectorals barred, the middle of the fin grass-green. Ventrals dusky mesially, with a green shade. Opercular region more or less grass-green: streaks about eye blackish-green. Length of largest specimens taken, 24 inches. Habitat—-Very abundant in all the streams seined, especially so in the rocky shoals of Reedy River in the city of Greenville. This handsome little fish may be easily known from its congeners by the smooth head, and by the general greenness of its coloration, which resembles somewhat that of the species of Diplesium. FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. $5 Genus ETHEOSTOMA Rajfinesque. 4. ETHEOSTOMA FLABELLARE Laf. (Catonoius flabellatus Auct.) Three specimens doubtfully referred to this species were obtained by Professer Cope in the Catawba River. CENTRARCHIDA. Genus MICROPTERUS Lacépeéde. 5. MICROPTERUS PALLIDUS (Rajinesque) Gill & Jordan. Professor Cope obtained this species in the Catawba. We collected none in the Saluda or Knnoree, but we were told that “ Trout”, as the species of Micropterus are universally called in the South, are frequently taken there. Genus CHAANOBRYTTUS Gill. 6. CHANOBRYTTUS VIRIDIS (Cuv. & Val.) Jordan. The War-mouth Pereh occurs in abundance in the Saluda, aud appar- ently in all the South Atlantic streams. Cope says that it is exceedingly common in all the streams of Kastern North Carolina, and that it is known as the Red-eyed Bream on the Catawba. This species is very closely related to C. gulosus, differing chiefly in the color and in the somewhat less robust form. It may be only a variety. Genus LEPIOPOMUS Rajinesque. 7. LEPIOPOMUS AURITUS (Linneus) Raf. All my specimens of this species from the Saluda have a dusky blotch or bar at the base of the soft dorsal, a feature of coloration not shown by my Northern specimens. This isa widely diffused species, and, like most such, is quite variable. Genus KUPOMOTIS Gill & Jordan. 8. Eupomorrs AUREUS (Walbaum) Gill & Jordan. Professor Cope obtained this species in Catawba River. We have never collected it in the Southern States. It is probably chiefly con- fined to the lowland regions. 16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. ESOCIDA. Genus ESOX Linneus. 9. ESOX RETICULATUS Le Sueur. Very common. We are unable to distinguish the Southern form (phaleratus Say, affinis Holbrook) as even varietally distinct from the Northern reticulatus. 10. ESox RAVENELI Holbrook. Obtained by Professor Cope in the Catawba. Its specific distinction from EH. americanus Gmelin appears questionable. SALMONIDAL. Genus SALVELINUS Richardson. 11, SALVELINUS FONTINALIS (Mitchill) Gill & Jordan. This species was found by Professor Cope in the headwaters of the Catawba River. CYPRINID A. Genus CAMPOSTOMA Agassiz. 12. CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM (Raf.) Ag. Subspecies prolixum (Storer) Jor. A few specimens from Saluda River. Also in the Catawba (Cope). Genus HYBOGNATHUS Agassiz. 13. HYBOGNATHUS ARGYRITIS Girard. A few specimens were obtained in Saluda River, not distinguishable from others from Ohio River and others (types of H. osmerinus Cope) from New Jersey. Professor Cope found it abundant in Catawba River. Genus ALBURNOPS Girard. 14, ALBURNOPS SALUDANUS, sp. nov. Hybopsis amarus, “ variety from the Catawba,” Corr (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soe, 460. A species belonging to ‘Hybopsis, Group A”, of Cope, which is equi- FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN, 17 valent to the subgeneric section of Alburnops or * Hybopsis”, called Hudsonius by Girard. Body elongate, but compared with its immediate relatives, hudsonius, amarus, and storerianus, short and thick; moderately compressed, the depth 42 in length: caudal peduncle shortened, 42 in length : head large, 4 times in length, relatively heavy and gibbous forward, the snout rounded in profile, as in A. hudsonius. Eye large, rather wider than interorbital space, about equal to snout, 34 in head. Mouth moderate, subinferior, the maxillary not reaching to eye. Seales large, thin, and loose, 5-39-3, about twelve in front of the dor- sal fin. Lateral line somewhat decurved in front. Fins moderately developed. Dersal beginning in advance of ventrals, I, 8; its first ray nearer snout than caudal. Anal I, 8, rather small. Pectorals not reaching to ventrals, the latter not to vent. Color clear olivaceous, nearly white, like the rest of the group, some specimens showing a faint plumbeous lateral line. Teeth 1, 4-4, 1, two or three of the principal row obtuse, not hooked ; only one or two of the teeth usually showing a masticatory face. Habitat—Abundant in Saluda River, where it reaches a length of about four inches. Also obtained by Professor Cope from the Catawba. The peculiar characters of this species have been noticed by Pro- fessor Cope, who, however, was disposed to consider it a variety of H. amarus. It differs from our specimens of what we consider to be the latter species (from Ocmulgee River) in the smaller eye, the thicker head, shorter, deeper body, more decurved front, and shorter caudal peduncle. In amarus, the eye is 3 in head, the head 4} in length, and the caudal peduncle 34. We have been disposed to unite, under the generic name Luvilus, a large number of species forming a series the extremes of which bear little resemblance to each other or to the means, but which form a chain so unbroken that it is difficult to draw any generic lines among them. That this group may ultimately be broken up into natural genera is very probable, but the groups thus far proposed have not received very satisfactory definition. These species agree (a) in the absence of any special modification, either of mouth, fins, or alimentary canal; (b) in the dentition, the teeth being in one or two rows, always four in the principal row of the raptorial type, and some or all of them provided with a grinding surface; often, and in some species always, one edge of the masticatory Bull. N. M. No. 12—2 1S CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. surface is more or less crenate, especially in young individuals; (c) the anal fin is always short, containing from seven to nine rays; (d) the dorsal fin is never inserted very far behind the ventrals; (e) the lateral line is developed and continuous. The species differ much among themselves in size, nuptial dress, and general appearance, nutably in the squamation, the scales of the typical species of Luxilus being closely imbricated and much higher than long, while in the group called Hudsonius the two dimensions of the scales are nearly equal. The scales themselves, in Hudsonius, are thin and loosely imbricated. Within certain limits, the position of the dorsal varies also. In Hudsonius, its first ray is in advance of the insertion of the ventrals; in Luxilus and Alburnops, usually directly opposite; in Photogenis and Hydrophlox, distinctly posterior. The form of the mouth varies largely : in L.coccogenis, it is wide and oblique, the lower jaw projecting. In the typical species of Alburnops and Hudsonius, the mouth is small and more or less inferior. The species may be provisionally grouped as follows, under five groups, four of which may be considered as distinct genera. Those species whose position is doubtful are indicated by a mark of interrogation :— A.—Luxitus Rafinesque. (Scales very closely imbricated, much deep- er than long: teeth 2, 4-4, 2, entire: dorsal fin inserted directly op- posite ventrals: mouth terminal: size large: nuptial dress peculiar; type Cyprinus cornutus Mit.) cornutus Mit. coccogenis Cope. selene Jor. B.—PHOTOGENIS Cope. (Scales pretty closely imbricated, deeper than long: teeth 1, 4-4, 1, more or less crenate (rarely one-rowed 7): dorsal fin behind ventrals, always with a black spot on the last rays behind: males in spring tuberculate, the lower fins and the tips of the vertical fins filled with satin-white pigment in spring: mouth terminal, the upper jaw longest: size medium; type P. spilopterus Cope = Cyprinella analostana), analostanus Girard. niveus Cope. galacturus Cope. tris Cope (?). / leucopus J. & B. C.—HypROPHLOX Jordan. (Seales less closely imbricated, somewhat deeper than long; teeth usually 2, 4-4, 2, often more or less crenate: dorsal fin distinetly behind ventrals, unspotted : breed- ing-dress peculiar, the ma’es almost always red: mouth terminal, FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. 19 oblique, the upper jaw usually slightly the longer: size very small; type Hybopsis rubricroceus Cope.) roseus Jordan. chrosomus Jor. rubricroceus Cope. xenocephalus Jor. lutipinnis J. & B. plumbeolus Cope, chiliticus Cope. bivittatus Cope. chalybeus Cope. lacertosus Cope. D.—ALBURNOPS Girard. (Scales rather loosely imbricated: teeth 4-4, or 1, 4-4, 1: dorsal fin inserted over ventrals, unspotted : sexes alike: mouth more or less inferior, horizontal or oblique: size small; type Alburnops blennius Grd.) microstomus Raf. timpanogensis Cope. volucellus Cope. chlorocephalus Cope. spectrunculus Cope. JSretensis Cope. procne Cope. nubilus Forbes. stramineus Cope. blennius Grd. tuditanus Cope (?). shumardi Grd. missuriensis Cope. illecebrosus Grd. scylla Cope. E.—HUupbsonius Girard. (Scales thin and loosely imbricated: teeth 1, 4-4, 1 or 2, the grinding surface often distcrted: dorsal inserted in advance of ventrals: colors silvery: sexes alike: mouth in- ferior: body elongate, the head comparatively short: size medium; type Clupea hudsonia Clinton.) saludanus J. & B. amarus Girard. hudsonius Clinton. storerianus Kirtland. We have substituted the name Alburnops Grd. for the earlier name Hybopsis, as we think that the latter genus was founded on a species of Ceratichthys. 15. ALBURNOPS CHLOROCEPHALUS (Cope) J. & B. Hybopsis chlorocephalus CopE (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 461. This beautiful little fish is abundant in the clear rapid waters of the Saluda. It resembles H. rubricroccus, but is smaller and stouter-bodied, with smaller mouth. The scales in front of the dorsal are fewer (about 16) in number. The teeth are 1, 4-4, 1 (2, 4-4, 2, in rubricroceus). The male specimens are profusely tuberculate on the snout and ante-dorsal region. Professor Cope found this species abundant in the clear waters of the tributaries of the Catawba. 20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. ‘ Genus PHOTOGENIS Cope. 16. PHOTOGENIS NIVEUS (Cope) J. & B. Hybopsis niveus Cope (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soe. 461. A very pale species, related to Photogenis analostanus and P. galacturus, rather than to the species of ‘‘ Hybopsis”, to which genus Professor Cope referred it. My specimens are all very white, with a narrow biuish stripe along the caudal peduncle, which sometimes forms a faint spot at base of caudal. In male specimens, the snout and ante-dorsal region are covered with small tubercles. In males, the dorsal fin is considerably elevated. In color, the dorsal fin is largely dusky on the last rays, the most of the fin somewhat creamy-tinted. The tip of the dorsal fin and the tips of the caudal are filled with milk-white pigment, as in the related species. The anal fin is entirely milky. The teeth are 1, 4-4, 1, provided with a narrow masticatory surface. Photogenis niveus is abundant in the Saluda River. It was first dis- covered by Professor Cope in the Catawba River. , 17. PIHOTOGENIS ANALOSTANUS (Girard) Jordan. We did not find this species in the Saluda, although Professor Cope states that it is abundant in the Catawba. It is perhaps possible that Professor Cope mistook our Oodoma chloristia, a species which resem- bles it very much, except in dentition, for the true analostanus. The ‘-Cyprinella analostana” has been a stumbling-block in the classification of these fishes, as to the masticatory surface of Luaxilus it adds the cre- nations of Cyprinella. We are inclined to think that Cyprinella should be restricted to those species whose teeth are without grinding surfaces and are permanently crenate. The relations of Luxilus analostanus, spilopterus, galacturus, leucopus, and niveus are much more intimately with the species of Codoma than with Luwxilus, but the development of grind- ing surfaces on the teeth renders it necessary to refer them to the latter genus, unless Photogenis be admitted as a distinct genus. Genus CODOMA Girard. (Subgenus EROGALA Jordan.) Photogenis JORDAN (1877), Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 335. (Not of Cope, whose type, P. spilopterus, proves to be a species closely related to L. analostanus, if not identical with it.) Examination of a large number of specimens supposed to be Photogenis spilopterus, from Saint Joseph’s River, in Northern Indiana, Professor FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. ZL Cope’s original locality, Was convinced us that the spilopterus, the type of the genus Photogenis, does not belong to the group of colored species for which Professor Jordan lately adopted the latter name. The genus Pho- togenis (Jordan) being thus left without a name, that of Hrogala has been suggested (7, spring-time; 7d4a, milk, in allusion to the milk-white pig- ment with which the male fishes are ornamented in the nuptial season): Codoma Grd. differs from Hrogala in the form of the head, which is short, blunt, and rounded, as in Pimephales. We do not now think that the two are distinct as genera, and prefer to consider Hrogala as a sub- genus of Codoma. The type of Lrogala is Photogenis stignaturus Jordan. This subgenus is remarkable for its geographical distribution. All of the species thus far known belong to the Southern States, and each of the Southern river-basins probably has from two to four species of the genus; nota single species, so far as known, being common to two different river- basins. The distribution of the species of, Hrogala is as follows :— Santee Basin: pyrrhomelas Cope. chloristia J. & B. Savannah Basin: none known. Altamaha Basin: xenura Jor. callisema Jor. Chattahoochee Basin:. ewrystoma Jor. Flint River: formosa Putn. Alabama Basin: callistia Jor. trichroistia J. & G. cerulea Jor. stigmatura Jor. Farther west their place is taken by the species of Cyprinella having serrated teeth, and farther north by the species of Luxilus, section Pho- togenis, having teeth with developed grinding surfaces. The species of Codoma are remarkable for their exquisite coloration, most of them being adorned with bright red in addition to the milky pigment. The black dorsal spot is present in all the species. 18. CODOMA CHLORISTIA, sp. nov. Body short and deep, strongly compressed, the form elliptical, resembling that of C. pyrrhomelas, but rather deeper, the depth of adults being 33 to 4 in length. Head rather small and pointed, 44 in length. 22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. Eye moderate, less than snout, 4 in head. Mouth rather small, quite oblique, the maxillary not attaining the line of the orbit, the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, especially in spring males. The head and mouth considerably resemble those parts in P. analostanus. Seales much deeper than long, very closely and smoothly imbricated, more or less dark-edged above. 5-37-3. Lateral line decurved. Fins moderately developed: dorsal distinctly behind ventrals, its first ray about midway between nostrils and the base of the caudal. Dorsal is... Anal 1,3; Nuptial tubercles in the male greatly developed, covering rather sparsely the top of the head and the region anterior to the dorsal. In additioh, similar tubercles cover the caudal peduncle and the whole sides of the body, except the space below the lateral line and in front of the ventrals. The tubercles on the body are considerably smaller than those on the head, and smaller than in xenura or pyrrhomelas, but they cover a much larger area than in any of the latter species of the genus. Chin tuberculate. Teeth 1, 4-4, 1, entire, without masticatory surface. Coloration, in life: General color a dark steel-blue, a very distinct blue stripe along each side of the caudal peduncle, as in C. cerulea, but fainter: sides of body with fine steely-purple lustre: back clear green: head clear brownish: iris white: cheeks of a pale violet color: lower part of sides becoming rather abruptly milky-white: dorsal fin with the usual large black spot on the last rays well developed, and the usual milk- white pigment in the tips: lower part of the dorsal fin with pigment of a fine clear green color, somewhat as in analostanus, but unusually bright: caudal fin chiefly dusky, its tips milky and the base somewhat so; the middle of the fin has a slight reddish tinge: anal fin entirely milky, a faint dusky spot on its last rays, resembling tbat ~ on the dorsal: ventral fins milky. Female and young specimens are more slender, and the bright colors are usually wanting or obscured. Size small; length of largest specimens less than three inches. In form, this species resembles C. pyrrhomelas, but the short anal (eight rays instead of ten) will always distinguish the species. The coloration of the male is different, being much less brilliant, although perhaps more delicate. (. chloristia resembles in color C.cerulea most, but the latter species has a much more slender form. Habitat—Abundant in the clear waters of Saluda River, with C. FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. ) ) 2S pyrrhomelas, Photogenis niveus, Alburnops chlorocephalus, and other hand- some species. 19. CODOMA PYRRHOMELAS (Cope) Jor. Photogenis pyrrhomelas Cork (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 463. This species, the most ornate of the genus, and one of the most bril- liant of Cyprinidae, is extremely abundant in the clear rapid waters of the Saluda and its tributaries. The general color of the males is dark steel-blue above, with the scales darker-edged, the belly abruptly milky- white. The head is pale reddish; the snout, the tip of lower jaw, and the iris above and below are scarlet; the dorsal fin is dusky at base, has a large black spot on the last rays, is red in front, and broadly milk- white at tip. The tips of the caudal fin are milk-white; next to this cotnes a dusky crescent; a wide bright scarlet crescent lies inside of the black and extends into the two lobes of the fin. The base of the fin is pale. The top of the head and the region in front of the dorsal are covered with small pale tubercles. The sides of the caudal peduncle are pro- vided with rather larger tubercles, arranged in rows along the series of scales. | This is the most abundant fish in the waters of Catawba River, accord- ing to Professor Cope. Genus NOTROPIS Rajinesque. (Minnilus Rafinesque; Alburnellus Girard.) 20. NOTROPIS PHOTOGENIS (Cope) Jordan. Squalius photogenis CopE (1864) Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. 280. Photogenis leucops Core (1866), Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 379, and elsewhere. My specimens differ considerably from the typical forms of this spe- cies, but correspond to Professor Cope’s ‘var.aaaaa” from the Ca- tawba. It is the most abundant species in the Saluda waters, especially in more sluggish tributaries. Two forms, perhaps varieties, perhaps different sexes, occur, the one pale, with deep, compressed body; the other darker, with the scales dark-edged and the body much more elon- gate. It is difficult to distinguish the latter form from JN. telescopus (Cope). The pale form has the head above and under jaw covered with small pointed tubercles. 24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—IILI. Genus GILA Baird & Girard. (Subgenus CLINOSTOMUS Girard.) 21. GILA VANDOISULA (Cuv. & Val.) Jor. Leuciscus vandoisulus C. & V. (1844), Hist. Nat. Poiss. xvii, 317. Clinostomus affinis GIRARD (1856), Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. 212. This species is common in the Saluda waters, as in the Catawba, Yadkin, and other Southern streams. It seems to prefer still, or even muddy waters, as we found it more abundant in the Reedy River than in either Saluda or Ennoree. Our specimens were greenish or bluish in color, the back mottled with seales of a different hue, as usual in this genus. In the males, the region behind the head and above the pec- torals and extending backward to the anal are of a bright rosy-red, brightest justsbehind the head. » There is no distinct dark lateral band. None of our specimens were noticed to be tuberculate. The characters distinguishing this species from the more northerly Gila (Clinostomus) Funduloides have been well given by Professor Cope (Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1868, 228). Genus NOTEMIGONUS Rajinesque. 22. NOTEMIGONUS AMERICANUS (Linn.) Jordan. Notemigonus ischanus JORDAN (1877), Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. p. 364. This is the true Cyprinus americanus of Linnzus, as has been else- where shown. We obtained but a single specimen in the Reedy River. Professor Cope found it abundant in the sluggish waters of the Catawba. The long anal, more compressed body, larger eye, and peculiar breeding colors distinguish this species from the Northern and Western N. chrysoleucus. Genus CERATICHTHYS Baird. 23. CERATICHTHYS ZANEMUS, sp. nov. A small, peculiar species, allied to C. labrosus (Cope), but apparently differing in the longer barbel, smaller scales, and in the coloration. Body long and slender, not much compressed, the depth about 44 (54 in young) in length. Head rather long, narrow, and pointed, 44 ia length, very slender in young specimens, stouter in adults: snout de- curved in profile, with an angle in front of the nostrils. Eye moderate, FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. > ae rather shorter than the long muzzle, placed nearly midway in head, about 34 in head. Mouth rather large, inferior, the lips much thickened, Sucker-like ; upper jaw extremely protractile; the lower with a conspicuous internai tringe of papille. Barbels extremely long, probably longer than in any other of our Cyprinoids; their length 2 to 2 the diameter of the eye. Scales moderate, pretty closely imbricated, 5-40-3; 15 or 16 in front of dorsal. Lateral line continuous, slightiy deflected forward. Fins rather small, high, and short. Dorsal 1, 8, originating slightly behiud the base of the ventrals, as in C. labrosus and C. monachus. Anal 1,7. Candal deeply forked, its peduncle long and slender. Coloration, in spirits, quite pale; a small, round, black spot at base of caudal: dorsal scales dark-edged: some dark points along caudal peduncle, forming a dark stieak: muzzle punctate. Large specimens with a large dark patch on the last rays of dorsal, as in C. monachus and the species of Codoma: base of dorsal fin with dark points. Cheeks and opercles silvery. : In the spring, the male fishes are profusely tuberculate on the head and neck, and the fins are flushed with crimson. Teeth 1, 4-4, 1, hooked, without masticatory surface. The largest specimens taken were nearly three inches long, but most. were less than two. ‘ This species is abundant in Saluda River. It appears to be distinct from C. labrosus, that species having larger scales and some other points of difference. C. lubrosus, monachus, and zanemus differ from their con- geners in the backward position of the dorsal and in the greater devel- opment of the lips. 24. CERATICHTHYS LABROSUS Cope. Ceratichthys labrosus Copr (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 458. Professor Cope found this species not uncommon in the upper waters of the Catawba. We did not find it in the Saluda or the Ennoree. 25. CERATICHTHYS HYPSINOTUS Cope. Ceratichthys hypsinotus Copr (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 458. This species is not uncommon in the Saluda. Breeding males are violet-tinted, and the fins are quite red. The head is more or less rosy and tuberculate above. This species has a very small barbel, and might easily be taken for a Hydrophlox of the rubricroceus type. 26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORGH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—IIL. 26. CERATICHTHYS BIGUTTATUS (Kirt.) Baird. The common Horned Chub is very abundant in all the tributaries of the Saluda. Genus SEMOTILUS Rajinesque. 27. SEMOTILUS CORPORALIS (Jit.) Putn. This common species occurs in the tributaries of the Saluda. CATOSTOMID At. Genus MYXOSTOMA Rajinesque. (Moxostoma and Teretulus Raf. ; Ptychostomus Ag.) 28. MYXOSTOMA CERVINUM Cope. Teretulus cervinus Corr (1868), Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 235. Ptychostomus cervinus COPE (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soe. 478. This little Sucker is exceedingly abundant in the Saluda, Reedy, and Ennoree. It abounds in rapids and rocky shoals, and is popularly known as “*Jump-rocks”, from its habit of leaping from the water. Itis not much valued, except by negroes, small boys, and naturalists. The black outer margin of the dorsal is a characteristic color-mark. 29. MYXOSTOMA PAPILLOSUM (Cope) Jor. Ptychostomus papillosus Core (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 470. A few specimens of this peculiar species were taken in Saluda River. Professor Cope found it abundant in the Catawba and Yadkin Rivers. 30. MYXOSTOMA VELATUM (Cope) Jordan. Ptychostomus collapsus Corr (1870), Proc. Am. Philos. Soe. 471. We obtained no specimens of this widely diffused species in any of the Southern rivers. Professor Cope found it in the Neuse, Yadkin, and Catawba. 31. MYXOSTOMA COREGONUS (Cope) J. & B. Ptychostomus coregonus COPE (1870), Proc. Am. Phil. Soe. 472. The “Blue Mullet” was found very abuudant in the Catawba and Yadkin Rivers. We did not take it in the Saluda. FISHES OF THE SANTEE BASIN. QE 32. MYXOSTOMA ALBUM (Cope) J. & B. Piychostomus albus Corr (1870), Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 472. The species—the ‘ White Mullet”—was found by Professor Cope in the Catawba River only. We obtained no specimens from the Saluda, which is perhaps due to the fact that our collections were not made during the season of the migrations. Genus ERIMYZON Jordan. (Moxostoma Agassiz, but not of Raf.) 33. ERIMYZON SUCETTA (Lac.) Jordan, \ Cyprinus sucetia LACEPEDE. Cyprinus oblongus MITCHILL, This species is moderately abundant in the Saluda River. Professor Cope found neither this species, nor the next, in the Catawba. Genus MINYTREMA Jordan. 34. MINYTREMA MELANOPS (Ra/.) Jor. Catostomus melanops RAFINESQUE, KIRTLAND, etc. Moxostoma victorie GIRARD. Erimyzon melanops JORDAN. This widely diffused species is abundant in the mill-ponds, etc., of the Saluda River, and is known as the Striped Sucker. It is considerably valued as a food-fish. Many specimens were taken at Bannister’s Mills, on the Ennoree, the proprietor of the mill, Mr. Bannister, having kindly drawn off the water from his pond, in order to enable us better to examine its fishes. Our specimens seem to be precisely like the ordi- nary melanops from the Ohio River and the Great Lakes. Genus CATOSTOMUS Le Sueur. 35. CATOSTOMUS COMMERSONI (Lac.) Jor. The Fine-scaled Sucker is common in the Saluda, as in nearly every Stream east of the Rocky Mountains. It is especially abundant in mill- ponds. 28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. SILU RIDA. Genus AMIURUS Rajinesque. 36. AMIURUS BRUNNEUS Jordan. Amiurus platycephalus Core (1670), Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, 485. (Not Pimelodus platy- cephalus Grd.) Amiurus brunneus JORDAN (1870), Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 366. This is the common ¢at-fish of the Saluda, and is known as the Mud Cat. Adult specimens reach a length of about 18 inches, and bear little resemblance to the young, from which the species was first described. The adults are extremely elongate, nearly terete behind, with flat, thin, broad heads. In color, they are of a more or less clear yellowish-green, more distinctly green than is any other species. The name “ brunneus” only applies well to the young. The species may be known from the related A. platycephalus by the more elongate form, the shorter anal fin (16 to 18 rays instead of 20), and by the mouth, which is somewhat inferior, the lower jaw being much the shorter, while in A. platycephalus the jaws are equal. The color is also different in the two species. A. platycephalus is yellowish, dark above, and more or less marbled on the sides with darker, resembling, in that respect, A. marmoratus. In A. brunneus, the caudal fin is usually unequal, the upper lobe being the longer, and the rudimentary caudal rays are unusually numerous. A specimen nearly a foot long had the alimentary canal four times the length of the body, and filled with Podostemon. ceratophyllum. 'The stomach contained eight adult males of Codoma pyrrhomelas. As Professor Cope counted 17 anal rays in his “ platycephalus”, it is likely that he had this species instead of Girard’s, which has pretty uni- formly 20 or 21 rays. Both Amiurus brunneus and platycephalus are valued as food. 37. AMIURUS PLATYCEPHALUS (Girard) Gill. Pimelodus platycephalus GIRARD (1859), Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 160. Many specimens of this species were taken in Bannister’s mill-pond, on the Ennoree. The fishermen confound it with the preceding under the name of Mud Cat, but the species may be readily distinguished by the characters given above. A “Blue Cat” is said to occur in the Saluda, but we obtained no specimens. FISHES OF THE SAVANNAH BASIN. — 29 Genus NOTURUS Rajinesque. 38. NOTURUS INSIGNIS (Richardson) Gill & Jor. Noturus marginatus BarrD. This species is abundant in the rock-pools of Reedy River. It prob- ably occurs in ail the Atlantic streams as far north as Pennsylvania. ANGUILLID A. Genus ANGUILLA Thunberg. 39. ANGUILLA VULGARIS Fleming. The common Eel is abundant in all the streams of the Southern States thus far explored. LEPIDOSTEIDA. Genus LEPIDOSTEUS Lacépéde. 40. LEPIDOSTEUS OSSEUS (L.) Ag. This fish is said to occur in the Saluda, but we obtained no specimens. Il.—WATER-BASIN OF THE SAVANNAH RIVER. Fifteen species are ascertained to occur in the water-basin of the Savannah. Of these, two species are recorded from specimens in the United States National Museum; one on the authority of Professor “A gassiz, the others from our collections in the Tugaloo River and in Toc- coa Creek. None of these species are peculiar to the Savannah Basin. The common Cyprinidae are all of Tennessee River types; the others are either species of general distribution, or else are shared with other Southern streams. In seining the Tugaloo River, two rather unexpected features were made manifest: first, the very smail number of small fishes, both Cypvri- nide and Etheostomatide inhabiting the river. There seem to be very few species present, and these few are represented by very few individ- uals. Although the islands below the mouth of Panther Creek furnish a most excellent seining-ground, yet our fishing was a series of ‘ water- hauls”. ---csacece sere sees seente ree tea tate aol leftists General range. 4 NE. wR 4A S4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. Table showing the Distribution of the Species in the Different River-Basins—Continued. é eeS 2 ipl 3 Ey cs] |2| |elaisiaieis 5 eleiel\ WS (Slalelaiele) lei ve S(S12Zlelelelalsl2isielsiea © BIS(S(R(SlS (S/S /SlEls leis] & PIRI4)5 2 )e2ist/O;se|olola oO RTE CTAD TUS LUO LE LOUILS", (LC 3) A arse eerste ater | | eer | nme | oe a agelll a MT eee ee ea e ae Xenisma stelliterum, Jor.-.-.. LANA eae ease EA NES REE Nh Aes Sea et Etienne no Xenisma catenatum, (Stor.) Jor.......-...--- EUW eal tcae eal Geka edt pare eae see fet ton ae AV ZOD CLS GIS PAT Ak ee ate cl etoisee mesa eae |e alee lees setas| eral esis] =| eres eee ated ete AV SONECCES DOW: Ales 2 Sa cee eee elem saeco le eelecel eae ans St pcre | eae = el lei es ses Zygonectes melanops, Cope ..................- ate oe ete eet ee See sense ee alae lees SEN hee ZAyeonectes atrilatusyd). 6% B:*2 5245. -ma-ce sees | een lee =f beeline Breleye es lee iV SOUCCTES TAU LUMUUA eA Dae as ein eae eee ae ce mel | eet fe] oe eed | oe | ete tae eae ete | ee pee | eee sen AY SONECES IGLOS) y PMIC IS PA eee. see eee eee |e allie = ee ea te |e ara ees a ee Bite Zygonectes notatus, (Raf.) Jor ...... efopchalalcism erect (raat eeestl tell Pee eee seclec-|e<-]---1 PETE] | AW BVI LUA ALL TINT # (RTT ths) AC ome ere as ate eee ele eS ed ae | ape ee | ee ae secleeetnee|(ste | || IN Melanura pygmeza, (DeKay) Baltes: ens-eseee tt Were etal stat em hee [ed Bee oeal pace lane lac Ambl}opsis spelzeus, DeKay-..2.cecceses-s-e-.|esc|--= Cale sre [mete = ste] oeal| see eae se] oes tetas Typhlichthys subterraneus, Grd.......-...-.---|.-.|--- Aeallieet eee Eeedll Ne cll bees zal ell ea esti send Cholocaster aesssizi, Putm .sceeocsceeecseece ae ee a een amen sae Lie sane Seabee ees HSOXeLOHCHIaUOS, Lue Stee. sce ees eee eee ee eee Sf eft fae al] teeta eared fa Nees ee | peed NE. SOX aAveNneliaikval Urs) lees case eee es ten eee eles a8 | ae llecellsecle se Tet Sy eS | ea ee THSORM(OLASRUS AG) ae teens nie tir. ene Seetnee eal See So) Sel See eal ee ROA SIT Se Sp aaa etee AUNOX@SVMONEGUS Hades aes ele. seis e sese tee eee ee all leeeel levee Pe | Sea en eral te | es eps | (et toa | ge Maoxicy phos Copos-e-seeeee ses eee oc oleee FA! RS | ees eee Seale a|eee| eal at aN EIS ORALI CLUS: Mla ienee eye eine ae Sees Bee Seale | eae eee eee | sel Sere ee Soe See eee eee +N. Percopsis guttitus, Ag ....2...-.22.-:00 eae | OSA ee Bye ett ces | a Ses Seo | eal te PeteaNs Salvelinus fontinalis, (Mit.) Gill & Jor..-.----.| + |} -.).-.] +. ].--].-.|.-- Se =e ees lee eeleNe Coremonusiartedsiseo Ore snce cs eeececeserealeee nee acd ee ISS ee oe sey ee ete ls ayiWynigmlyrisy, Abe Sho cing “AGA o ee ancueceeeacsal lsa\ Poe palaed| ad lice 2| ea| Seva |e | 42) ENS Hyodon selenops, Jor. & Bean .-.......--...2.. Se ee aloe |e Secreto ete ees Sey atonal | eaten eae eas Dorosoma cepedianum heterurnm, (Rats) ores) ae- al Ses Ba es at gaa eran et Eomolobus chrysochiorisy Rate. : sos. ccciessecee|t colec EUS leeds At Shcyal eee tone hee staal ea ete eke Campostoma, anemalum, (Raf.) Ag -...-....-- SF ested |e pe] pt ne ee Ug ee reales Hybnenathus arcyritis, Grd .........-..------.|.-.|--- Stes eee ea eee ---|+]+] W. Ey DoS Ap HIS MUCH AlIGS PALO eee eee eee ae ee bictel ice Sp eral see See alone A eel | eee eee fs ere tea at amephalesipromelas, Rat ~-asoe eee sees! pea peelees| deel deeleee (+/+/+]N. Hyborhynchus notatns, (Raf.) Ag..........-...|...|--- Sees eee ete al) eee sea gee | ten eta Ren | tea IN Iyborhynchus superciliosus, Cope..-....-..-- redfeteesfareet |= wrath nerctl orate arene) semen | Se el IU ete eta [eh Smeymbabuccata, COPS. sa= see. cece oe saclee aoe sera |bee| aa Seale Salllaellls eet e| asm es real ate Gaxilosicormutus, (Mit-)) Jor Je...) 2522... 4-5 ey eer eee ee eee ere ery tan tao erie Photogenis galacturus, (Cope) Jor .....-.....- SSNS SSRI re Eee es a =a Rta ace Photogenis analostanus (Grd.) Jor. .........-- + |.--;+}] +] ].--|---].--]---] --|] Je] 4 EH OHO EMIS LOT COPS (Go) ae sistetarore steer is oS cde ter Hl ar ee Ug Ne tea Ut eee | ape ee en « Zygone:tes atrilatus, sp. nov.—A short, thick-set species, related to Z. melanops Cope. Body short ‘ud stont, compressed, especially posteriorly, the depth about 4 times in the length to base of caudal. Head moderate, 3f times in length, moderately broad and flattened above, the mouth of the ordinary sort. Dorsal fin well back, moderately high, of about 8 rays; anal larger than the dorsal, with seven rays: ventral fing quite small, not reaching quite to the anal: pectoral fins small: caudal fin rounded, of the usual form: scales large, in about 30 transverse series. Coloration dull olive; no stripes nor bars: scales slightly dark-edged: each side with a large jet-black blotch on the sides of the body just above and somewhat in front of the vent: dorsal and anal fins speckled. 5 ; Numerous specimens, 14 to 13 inches in length, nearly all females, distended with spawn. In all, the black side-blotck is very distinct. They were taken by Messrs. Brayton and Gilbert, in the Neuse River, near Goldsboro’, with Joa vitrea, Noturus eleutherus, Achirus lineatus, and other interesting species. j DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES. 85 Table showing the Distribution of the Species in the Different River- Basins—Continued. James. Roanoke. Great Pedee. Neuse. Santee. Chattahocchee. | Savannah. Alabama. | Altamaha. Tennessee. Cumberland. Ohio. Photogenis niveus, (Cope) Jor.......-..--..-- ibuxilus coccogenis, (Cope) dior. ..-2.2........- 2)" .- Beal ees Uydrophlox rubricroceus, (Cope) Jor .....---- Alburnops chlorocephalus, (Cope) Jor...-.-.--- Hydrophlox lutipinnis, J. & B............-.-- Hydrophlox chiliticus (Cope) Jor ........-.----|--- ee eres Mydrophiox chrosomus, Jior...---.-....-..-.--- HUydrophlox xznocephalus, Jor ....-..--..---- ee 2 ees Wy drophlox lacertosus, (Cope) Jor......--.---.]--- esas doen Alburnops spectrunculus, (Cope) Jer ....-..-- Alburnops stramineus, (Cope) Jor .......--.-- Alburnops fretensis, (Ccpe) Jor........-.----- Alburnops microstomus, (Raf.) Jor ......-.--.-- ae Miburndops saludanus, J. 6 B ..\..2... .22--.--2 A burnops amarus, (Grd ) Jor ......-...--.--- Notropis dinemus, (Raf.) Jor..-..-...-.--+---- Nofropis' rubellus, (Air) ier. 2-8. .22 5-6 a28- =< Notropis rubrifrons, (Cope) Jor........-. ---- Notrepis micropteryx, (Cope) Jor iNotropis dilectus) (Grd) JOG. ees anse eee asec ea. Notropis altipinnis, (Cope) Jor PNOULOPISKS iD Iz Ss OT sata re teens eee ae ccise ete all see Notropis telescoous, (Cope) Jor Notropis photogenis, (Cope) Jor Notropis matutinus, (Cope) Jor Notropis lirus, Jor Mythrarusardens, (Cope) sore. .-------56.<2--|--- Lythrurus diplemius, (Raf.) Jor Wodomaxcenura, SOL 9.1.2 ohana ae een <2 ol Codoma pyrrhomelas (Cope) Jor...-.-..----- Codoma formosa, (Putn.) Jor GodomarcallisemandOres-se ood cere sees eee [see Codoma chloristia, J. & B Codoma cerulea, Jor Codoma trichroistia, Jor. & Gilbert. ....---...- GodomacallistiteNOr sie sce ciete veces sen Codoma stigmatura, Jor Codoma eurystoma, Jor pisemaileucioda,, Copess--o-. 4-5 2 - ata e clea te all Ee |e tn cea a Anouily-valgaris) Wem 52.200, <-ices-s-- = +} +) ) + 4+}-+}-] +] -b] + Acar calteay Tye eee ce see acs eee rae , Dea Eves a eal a Lepidosteus osseus, (L.) Ag .---------- ------ eels Sele aleete +)+)+!-+]+4]+ Lepidosteus platystomus, Raf ...--...-.-.----- ae +)/+}+ | W- Litholepis spatula, (Lac.) Jor - zk: ae ene aN ef} =F Scaphirhynchops pla: eae (Raf) Gill. Pay es ie Bae sacle F ely odon totum, Anet. 22... -se-de--22- se === -|+)+)4)+ Aecinenser rabicundus, Weis7s225---4) 222 22 -- = Sapa TRS Be EN EM ee hae -|+---}+)+ ATcipenser maculosas, LOS... 2-22.52 5-4--2-|5 <= + +)+ FAmmocestesjarcenteus, (NGrt:)bs<-2a5- ses ene ol eee Sale Sel Senior cleseltate tects PAMMOCCStes MITEL, (RAL)! 5 jose soo si sean Be cleecleeals se =| |b MIMO CCSHeS NIVUdo, (GLd.)ss- se cet onder aces |(h= a -| + ROtaleee aes soos bres cose aya ase eels oee == “35| 19{ 42] 24] 40] 13] 24) 221 5a] 84] Golaze|t47 From the above table, it will be seen that the number of species inhabiting any one river-basin rapidly increases as we leave. the Atlantic streams for those of the Gulf. The following table shows the arrangement of the species from another point of view—omitting refer- ence to the range of the species outside of the thirteen rivers included in this table: ; Known only from the— Known only from the— ren Species. CUSTER ps nT a a MenMESSEOIL « Ghis. cca etos scsie 16 | 30) err ee ho) eT NMI OTS cia! sa Ores oa os) schol halt 88 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III, Known only from the— Known only from the— Species. Species. PAMEEC Ree elas o) oic-c enc tmatee LO’) James... -. whine se eee ee 3 Migamana. 2... 2 <2 ote Meene Co oumbperland) =. eee alee 2 Great Pedee .... 2.2.2: tae GO) MOAN OAKG wcok cm cee Pernt: 1 PTE SD ec neil bic 2 etree See Ca SAVANT a Hist er eee ees 0 Chattahoochee ...... ..2..< 4. Common to— Species. @hio and Illinois.......... Pee hens ts ee Pe eRe Te et os oe, 39 * Cumberland and Tennessee .......... ec eneh EN eS Stan COG ER Le eee 10 Tennessee, Cumberland, Ohio, and Illinois ................. Bs 10 Cumberland, Ohio, and. dllinois. 025 .6242..5.00 Loe: nei SUE 10 Alabama, Tennessee, Cumberland, Ohio, and Illinois. .......... 6 James and Neuse .......-.. cord tacie Slt kepre eb beta arb Te Ce Ain ee 4 cRemmexsee, Ohio, ang TlinGis.:c 24) so2ch. See e kee ae ee t Minbams and. Tenmessee:s 2+ .i::.ck dacs soevecee eee sialyl et SUeme 3 Savannah and Tennessee ..-...--. gp dislcis dae Map neeee ene ated eae 2 Alabama, Tennessee, and Cumberland...................-.20. 2 SEreaAb PE CdeG ANG SANG: 2ok) a wine ok ctl ald Se ee, oe ae 2 Cumberland and Ohio ....--. etapa Sia) ee Jets Se aS yal 2 Distribution of Genera. ‘2 e = : MD ae 2 “ 5 a os a 3 5 2 oe 3 a ra elle eS] elal el AlElalEl ele] lelgle (Sale| Sls lalolalal4/5/4lalslsla leis Lota..-........ Seats nls alate nt melee Solera ea Tl egies | eee ae ene ene testes | rere et et | re ape | rere Ee +)/+/+ [TRTNOGR ro ses tte kee ot Ae cisee ena te ste ce ct dott | sf | re per ete tar eee | oe Potamocottus -..---.-----..---..-:. + Soh eel eval Reese mee | ae ee tee Stee ete etl ead ete ete ee SUSTITU GR oma oe cies oe ee eaeeinis serene +. eS eR ere release] Sec eset mesa eel Steal a eae | ee ioe MPIPIO SIS Re etnias caceon ae oe ewe SP Sa cee Wed zea eT eee oa eee eae hs | Ease 7 ne | ee PASM OCI DLs eee iassiaem's mae teeiace ae ney cy [ee eae Ball fareies fob el mare eet entre sera Pe oe, He Be) esiese| (soci se lennolepis ses sal oak «arog sees oe ri 3 | SS 8 eee E ES ee es ee Sale oee y].--]| --}4-]-+ ROAR ee Stas oe ras een cme ces eee Moelle +}. ..}. 2. Meee IROTCIn a eee we eco ceeee tae tes te ene Secale pelea |e +/+/+]/+/+]+4]. PAIVOTOIRS Mee scietss incase eek shen + aes t ey SSeS eer ETICOS MNase eee toe mase et tee ice sel iat lec Stell a Sec eka Peet ate ee pee | ee epee eae | ed tee ee Sales FRA TOPLCUUS He seme aataomeeece cee ls. eet eal oe eee ere tare ee ee ype ye yl] ie EMOSLOMIE te tace -2 oe cee snbee- wc enka Fearon peel See So |G] eel late) eee aetna ecco th oie ara +} t IRDeSOCrMpiAle seats Coe e eaten ates. ed ees eer wre ase ee epee eres Peel lea ces sie] os esl eres Milocontrapecrcae erst as nae oe Oem tle ce ete ral i 01S salte Le SNe Se] SSO eat ok | Wee eect WIDLOSENIDEe eee ee enone heen Ge Stic ee i eet ae I AR reap a) Amel agree epee at aa het a Beye fet *Ioa (J. & B.), gen. nov.: type Pacilichthys vitreus Cope. This genus is distinguished from Pewrolepis by the presence of two anal spines instead of one, and by the greater scaliness of the ventral region. The name is from tog, an arrow or dart. CC co DISTRIBUTION OF GENERA. Distribution ef Genera—Continued. g E .|a 2 aia z - a|a a 2 gale izle s|2/z|S/ 22 |e lela la Sielele SIS|Ala|S|S|4lSlAlAlF/O|SlaelolSlAle iA Boleosoma .----. ------++-+++--++--+--+ +) [+ [+] + +{+|+ + |+]/+/+/+]+ WotunONObUS =... 2.25 -- neem wn = sae |---| = == Bere eee eral eer ae P tel sear ief = a reo rea | eer oe Poe cwiGht hyp secerees = ose ic aes Sted overs [erase cere | ses (terme ieee | ofetlietare = Ores | ean re ete eee MENCOStOMA -\- 5/25 s<.50 + soem os oases Ste Speretb tava tere otf ted teeseit= a= | to ots 2 =e feet eee taal f et eer eta HAOLOICHUNY Scio nee ie eeee tine ei eecine esi fete | A | Pte (al Lele need fg Pat EM Wee lca bed tt) Sia nia sce eacee nen eto lara e ee aaa eae eee Voce Beate Microperca ...---.--.---------------- Ba ied epee (pe | cell oe ee eel ece a fereh eels iets HGTIR SOTA cette acis ae Seine alee sneeiterere she a alee ees eens yee rea [ees Apes reel eres le cael ccs aI omer | one team | loreal] Rate -{- ETO d pee eee eeistee etl ett +/-+]+|+] --|--- + S| dies | sh bene fees [steal tee Stizostethium ......--..------------. + Beeler -{2--{ ] aeleke +|-+}.-- Mueropierusesasse secs] eee e= Soom + +h) y+] ] 4 ]+y + y+] 4] + }4+i+)4+} + PACD OS COS eee tarat tea teeter el SP) eee teeel ere ite teeth reese eves ett ener potas tenth iste ete ata leat PNcantnhanehits a. a seee a eras een ote) eer |e St | ea | vere felt ene lpr Sele Heese eel Nema |e Whenobryttusscashs ss sae sees soc ee. +]..-]---|---| +] ]4+]+4+]4+]---)4+ se} fey El FT FAP OMOUIS) -.5—--measieeties secs sce es at oa oil ete [ell Eee [cee ---fe} +i +t] +/+ ie plo wONAUS ee sass arenes ena + {+ ]4+]+] +) +)4)4)4]---}4]4+)+)/4)4)/4) 4) 4)+ sX@nOtis|---2----5-- seek ek oe eis cuts ees Bale see aa]eee lea eselers fell sa Poe + }+]+)+)+]+]+ PXSUSLTOP UM LOS assem ne ee eee = sea shee [eon eee boot Er ooe ese lee ees era ale asf roceeclnee See Eupomotis ..-...---- pene eee eae +}+}+ +] --}+)+}+]---|---)---J/44] + +|+|- ESOP ONISHUS eos Seale eee ences [see te cele u lems |t cole euEamiose Becta rere | eevee: Sea leee eee MMMEACANGHUS) 2. sc2 2) eects aeele senso oe +)+)+]+].--]+]---]--- ee eoel eel es EVETMOPLILOSia ces ae ede eae aeeeeaeceetescle = |s22[es-aelaetleaaleeclese ie | te | ed [eee | alts [eae eee | epee eve Wopelandiawensseacenceeas waeeee cee ee lh ee [E sel etlee ste ae yeh ese te eile eellerialicrae| ce | Sy es | eee er RO SYIGT EEC FUL eee ete ee ees a ea | ee ese era at eye TET ea et ee ler =e ee eee IPGMOXYS). 2d sic'4cteisiss seine sels sate ue: + ]...{+]---|+]---}+ je} }+y+y +t] + FE lOLGONOLUBe sense ee eacas cee eeee ae mie heels [eee |e Be eee rs erento etan ta alee PSP HOUOCELUS sree as <-ae =r SSeS REC aE ese Ere |e faye llerra ere tal feral Spe ete ere pete ICA vee tissee ote cin cose Senet AeA al EAE apes alles Doan Ae |S Sl oSals cil es akel [Ete + ]+}- Hey POS LOU Sere ceili SOUSA RS Oe anes zr ese eeAiR ce tees |e ee eae =e | aes | ee ere BER DIC ESTOS ay ensue Seis acct s cao ee nee iD |e ee re een tea (Pete ety oma S Hae ste aa seinen ee seein es Ne Aaa sec ae Sb 2 ple oal| tps breve eee Siesta s aie eatet tate (pe BOIS Arya ors aaah Cee ee eee Spm orale | etcetera (nln re Fa ce | este (Pe Ziv FONE CHES tac ccinss/ssicc see eens epee + |. sal/ar||e | 1° CONDI Tees aes eae te ata ee ee sk BW eae oe | Sa el [ek TI | ae Ee ce Ste SPR AMCIMU Gs aeeisse cate eon ce cers Cole Ne sale Se aes beens Perel mealies (EOS -|+ Mollhonesiasstsrccu is caicesencees cele ile |e a. ale es “| MVBIANUTS 223 osccece see enes se tec ees Sea ete teller eee etl leee ees lee nee PANTER OTIS See eee ere ae ot oe NS Sei | sll |G eet esl eae ew Sn [reel Re elt gE tease er hero rere Typhlichthys........ RE eet NS vi | et eee eM | | Peo Pao et | Peat a Evan rere ore peholopastent- “sere mer ne alse secon welo las By 5) | yaaa | SP ets eae Peed teal ee ee eo ere PIR xaeme aL ss ction ces ss cee eects mfed | era ete eet ee + |o..] + |. ++: HenuvCOUOptOLUsie sere sates See elise nc oe ee tae ea [sere earns soe -| IFUIREG DEEL Se bSeae Gace ie ae ee eee be (|e | noes |paeee | (ee at ae De |e al cee Prete --+ HLVOMMNUSs ee Nemo t ees. ece ees aa't0e a ere (fetat (ea ete [tl ee (ee ea [il elem + ]---|+]-- ale risnivOMenre sess 2 sate esses eet ae S/O S| | ea eee eet aay ok aa Whymallug 2-52. 2--/:-- saa ICL eS ee eae veefee-[o--| eee Core monnse asses: vine se ee toe a satis cias tai) an oe |e Nee OR Lae oly A [etre [ieee | Aen silk cae ee ale HES DIEM eee aa ae arts cra |e hee REUSE Me Ieee a eT IS pe iil $i++ * VAILLANTIA (jordan), gen. nov.: type Boleosoma Camurum Forbes. This genus differs trom Bo- leichthys in having the upper jaw protractile, and the anal spines very feeble. From Boleosoma, with which it agroes in these respects, it is distinguished by the incomplete lateral line. It is named for Prof. Léon Vaillant, of Paris, whose thoroughly excellent monogreph of the Htheostomatide is still the starting-point for all work on that difficult but most interesting group. 4 90 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—HIII. Distribution of Genera—Continued. 5 5 g a Z 8 | = s/a/s os a LZiscia : a als ; oS = Slele| (S| lcl.|s/2ls| | ete .|3 SA eMiveetwcm Wes abel cee (ie SUN ON reso seul A Yes elie AlEIZISISI2igleo/si8ls/sieje]siele EA Pee res SSR taN nN et Peer rea HN ye eS este | Sessa Phesnal (opel bee hoses SO ESR ct He Th Se RAN eas ese tp ees aed tent SIAIQIRN IF IAZ[SlAzlnIdA/Ol]S/BlO]S/4/F | IBOMOLOVUS <= 5 s~ os00 tos Aneel — ae ass | Lower Mississippi. vesfeeefeeefee-] --]---[---]---f- ¥)+]+|+ Dorosoma -.------ foe aan caer Peat eee ees | ef er ere | eee (PPA bOMG) © ae eee eee seca tts eb eel be ste sete Ease eter eV DOSRAORUS. =e eaie tase ea ee ml ee eee ab eaten Se ets eee! | gore eae ea in ae ee ees Pimephales:.: -ceseee= sesso +} t PEDOLOS CNIS eee teen aoe le em etate ae at + |--= FRY Oropblox 26 anjes-eaeiciteicee ce sei See Set FAI DUnNODS y= nee ees + |--- lee s FLUASOBIUS) <8 ase s2 Se ceiees oe lee anne ied Seite Wt re cle ete eee fete eee tet eae ee ee Se callsee es eee AE ONRULOS se ci-wos Saas Meee ae eee ies BS Sroyalh yee acetate efoto ee Ne a aes at Cee ---/---| +) 4) + ]4]--- Cyprinellas soi caidecsseceeost cen ta. Bre eae | Roe Neel eae Feel eee ee Bey hes | uphe Sea aa skellicgel settee + Godoy is5-6 ese ee ees ct Be alee, Selena) |S SNES eee ee feo ]/S ea =e ae INGHPOPIS eee came cte cee bee seeeeeice ST ere al eee eee re eta | etal fet | opel ae ones at WM pisOMacisco-ne se -aesacecc seer seca Bea a=) Seal sc) Gres Slee Fl] Ser | Seat eset eee os Phenacobins 2 te esas 24 cohen laces | | etal] Skerclt ees 2 | Be | ene ek | pm | et et emipvemiaiesesee ne meee, coaches oes Pps etal teat at mea es ee | | ee creel ieete (oe CHTOSOMUS spyaemctee soe oe wee eee eecisas peels st (edi feta Me | aye eee es mle | eee hee PHOxINUS eA eee oe tees an ece ee Sty Exess Pte cll eee | eet A aL ell a | ha Gila Ss sct haw est eee eeee asec ee ee: Sees elles ee hi = INOtEMIPONUS serie. caches cneeeeac hit] +l] +y.--}---)4]--]+4]---)4]---)+ Ri pInIchoh sss tees soaee ss eee +/+/+ Ss eel eel ees Deratichthys) dash. .4- os -co-- secs ste | aerial ere +l)+}+}a}+]+]+/+]4+)+ SSYSESAVOLIND REV a Ee ee tS +y+yty+ y+) - |} +) tye y.--|4y---] 4+ + 4 + + + =i ar AR t+tetteet¢¢44 re a ae +++ 4+ +4 +44 = a eae eet et el PI CVNIDT 2. 355. S shee she tosses seas fen see eecliees| Se eS Sl aeoh| soe Saket Slalls Me noe tees IX OGLOSSUM “tea S s ae ences oe ane | eerie ae Ee Vested | eft ea | ged [oo Wee | Sal. ole tee lee ees F OHSS UADIa gaelic Soe eee oes Sheen eee NP Pe et ne ee dea Pee alsa rae t= (ecesll eees| eee Piacopbarynx)cesesoaceee Seah Nae ee Usted =| ete es Rene | tf ce et ae eral ds BIG S HOUT eee eee ee Brea ees een ere re esta er gt tee |e ees Det: etme et eit sears pea aa ake a ee stat ete ee ee EE ee + Many PEM 25-56 ees 6 aero +-|--- oe cs SONGTEA y/ 20 Ute ee ele ee at eet eee ee +/+} e)+}+]+]+]+}+}/+}/4+}/4+/+ AF (CALOAGOMUS +: 5eceacr oe esa os eae ‘ 4) | Ep] ee eee teed Oyelepsus 2. sace.cetso5% oScceeee cae 4 SerelL a olf eere| es | Sees es re Steel ea meas Irae eercalt wees Saale + zie Carpiodes 22~--- =<. ----.-- Jusashetcies aE if Hod | PIER HSS ll se sla] See pect sy ef ee oe Ichthyobus -....-..-. Seca eee sidell kes p ood ote nc Reet Sterewslles Il osipea PUAN CH UY Siete nae ee ee Sma eer [ree seis Jes eel ote a | eealic ae (ene se ata MeMGHBIONASS [5 -esis ews Sa wel we seeiee bef Sec Seta! Re Steet eal kee +/+}]+)+ PORTED IAS ee sieta) = Se oie aeyaee aise sieete acini tenet LOSTS | PPOTOMACHRIVEL 24s saeco eae os cee ceiscee eae cia sere 1OS1Os | POTOMAC RIVED Ae a acenleccias Racer aeechies oe cee eeeeeeee 16755 | Ash Creek, Arizona (‘“‘ congestus”) ....---- Laie axe eee se HS251s|MPotomacRiver.) aces pees celeste set tenes eee 18253 ee eotomacunivier- assse.-si4- Sa eee oe cece eae toe S254 al UR OtOMaAc RIVER ees saat eo een eas See aee nee eemetoeine 182550 MPotomac WIVOL ssc sneecse soa ie eee yee nee eiaee eee 18256 4 Potomac River, sassecmweaen Seen scoeee oe eee teem eee TS257 MMP OLOMAG WUVeL occ ce eee cee es ceiecte ansacal se eeieieee Loss Te MPotomaGiniver 20.5. See. Lene ay Paes 2023 0k WBlack IRivervNevwiiMorksy- spo steee meses issn sek- eee 20263 | Nebraska, Pacific Railroad Survey .-.-....-..----. .----- 2097 Sie BrOO ky? oes alee cet seis ete et tote einai oet eae ceil eee Var. duquesnii. 8025) Yellow; Creek; Ohiovs:—-<22-s-5-- es J doe scien ees s ee S506 0) oi eS ts tae oe ee tee ene eet eaves 107945) (Cinteinnati; Ohidieassen- eae nee esas see nese ae se locemtes 1P2HSqeCinetmnabin Ohio. sess sees ales araete eels ee meester e 122697 Cincinnaty Ohiot--c2e se oce eee fee en sae eee leeaere 12 e | eCinCInn atin OlilOme ee sdaste eee et ee naetees tee eer 20040 | Cumberland River, Tennessee ---. .----.-.-22. ----.05- OOH sete ek ee ec ek a tee ye oie ee re ae a Te aero aty = PNT aleve [oe NOT TUN UL EDULIS aes ye ey eae ee toe tne eee OGY—IIl. Collector. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J.W. Milner. J. W. Milner. Dr.J.T. Rockrock. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goode. G. B. Goode. J.W. Milner. S. F. Baird. Governor Stevens, J.C. Brevoort. J. W. Milner J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. J. W. Milner. A. Winchell. S. A. Forbes. =» 6. MYXOSTOMA AUREOLUM (Le Sueur) Jordan. Golden Red Horse. Lake Mullet. 1817— Catostomus aureolus LE SuEuR, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. i, 95. Catostomus aureolus KIRTLAND, Rept. Zool. Ohio, 168, 1838. Catostomus aureolus KIRTLAND, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. iii, 349, 1840. Catostomus aureolus DEKay, New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 201, 1842. MYXOSTOMA AUREOLUM. 125 Catostomus aureolus STORER, Synopsis, 420, 1846. Catostomus aureolus AGASsIz, Lake Superior, 357, 1850. Ptychostomus aureolus AGASSIZ, Am. Journ. Sc. Arts, 2d series, xix, 204, 1855. Ptychostomus aureolus PUTNAM, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 10, 1863. Ptychostomus aureolus Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 285, 1864. Catostomus aureolus GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 16, 1868. (In part; description apparently copied and confused.) Ptychostomus aureolus COPE, Proce. Am, Philos. Soe. Phila. 476, 1870 Moxostoma aureolum JORDAN, Man. Vert. 295, 1876. Teretulus aureolum NELSON, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 1876. Teretulus aureolus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Moxostoma aureola JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s Rept. 53, 1876. (Name only.) Myzxostoma aureola JORDAN, Man. Vert. E. U. S. ed. 2d, 314, 1878. 1823 —Catos'omus lesueurti RICHARDSON, Franklin’s Journal, 772, 1823. 1336— Cyprinus (Catostomus) suewriti RICHARDSON, Faun. Bor.-Am. Fishes, pp. 118, 303, 1836. Catostomus sueuriti Cuv. & VAL., Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 465, 1844. | Catostomus sueuri DEKay, New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 203, 1842. Catostomus sueuriti STORER, Synopsis, 425, 1846. Ptychostomus sueurii COPE, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 477, 1870. Teretulus sueuriti JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) 1868—Catostomus macrolepidotus GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 18, 1868. (Excl. syn. part. Not of Le Sueur.) HaBitTat.—Great Lake Region, Upper Missouri and Ohio Valleys, and northward. This species is very closely related to the last, and may possibly be a variety of it, as specimens of var. macrolepidotum often occur which are with difficulty distinguished from it. In general, however, the smaller head, smaller mouth, and deeper body of auwreolum sufficiently distin- guish them. This species is less abundant than macrolepidoium, and is apparently more.northerly in its distribution. It has been well figured by DeKay. The synonymy of this species needs no special remark. It seems probable that C. lesueurii belongs here, although the statement that “the muzzle projects an inch beyond the mouth” in a specimen 19 inches long, if correct, would indicate difference. The name “le sueurit” was first given, and afterwards changed to “‘sueurti” on the ground that the article “le” is not an integral part of Le Sueur’s name. 126 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. Le | (EOD Said ce wale See see Soe CO eee ee aie ee eet tee ae einer 6252) | Carlisle Parc. 25826 See ast cee eereeeseaaeeee- S. F. Baird. 11074) Sandusky, Ohior--eeeeeere sree sachet oe eee aaa ae J. W. Milner. TTISI:| Sandusky Ohio best cere sane ee es an aes aa eee oe J. W. Milner. 192367 | sCincinnatiiOhioirssa-ece sceeoecs ase eee] meee aes J. W. Milner. 12294) Cincinnati ORO sj. om as swiss = Seeisic lone eee ee ease J. W. Milner. 12446 | Ecorse, Mich.....---- .----. Se pie toe cee Oe ae goers J. W. Milner. 20272 eROOtAREVEL WISCONSIN sce) senc aac chee see cee eae eiae S. F. Baird. 7. MYXOSTOMA CRASSILABRE (Cope) Jordan. Thick-lipped Mullet. 1870—Ptychostomus crassilabris CoPE, Proc. Am. Philos. Soe. Phila. 477, 1870. Teretulus crassilabris JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma crassilabris JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 314, 1878. Hapbirat.—Neuse River, North Carolina. This species is’ known only from Professor Cope’s description. It appears to be distinct from M. aureolum, which is probably its nearest: relative. Nothing has been noted in regard to its habits. 8. MYXOSTOMA CONUS (Cope) Jordan. Long-nosed Mullet. 1870—Piychostomus conus, COPE, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 478. Teretulus conus, JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Myzxostoma conus, JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 314, 1878. HapitaT.—Yadkin River, North Carolina. This species is also known only from Professor Cope’s account. There appears, however, to be no room for doubt as to its specific distinction. As stated by Professor Cope, “this fish represents the P. coregonus in the section with fully-developed lips.” It is taken in large numbers in the Yadkin River, “ with Pt. collapsus, Pt. robustus, ete., but is of less value than they.” 9. MYXOSTOMA ANISURA (Rajfinesque) Jordan. Long-tailed Red Horse. 1820—Catostomus anisurus RAFINESQUE, Ichthyologia Ohiensis, 54. Myxostoma anisura JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 315, 1878. MYXOSTOMA ANISURA. 12% 1870—Ptychostomus breviceps Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 478. Teretulus breviceps JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Moxostoma breviceps JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s Rept. 53, 1876. (Name only.) . Myxostoma breviceps JORDAN, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 9, 50, 1877. (Name only.) . Hapitat.—Ohio Valley and Great Lakes. This species, first described by Rafinesque in 1820, has been entirely lost sight of by succeeding writers, and I, doubting the existence in the Ohio River of a species characterized by the marked inequality of the caudal lobes, have hitherto followed Dr. Kirtland in using the name anisura for the fish recently named collapsus by Professor Cope. Some specimens lately examined by me from the Ohio River have shown the existence of a fish corresponding very closely to Rafinesque’s account, and which really has the inequality of the caudal fin, on which he lays such emphasis, and which suggested the name anisurus (unequal-tail). This fish appears to be the same as that to which Professor Cope has given the name of breviceps. Professor Cope had, however, but a single specimen, in poor condition, and did not notice the falcation of the caudal, or, more likely, that fin was not preserved intact. I have, some time since, examined Professor Cope’s type, preserved in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, at Philadelphia, and believe it to be identical with M. anisura Raf. The form of the head and body and of the mouth are similar in the two, and the dorsal in both is simi- larly falcate. This species resembles aureolum in every respect, except that the dorsal fin is shorter, and elevated or falcate in front, the free border being deeply incised, and that the caudal fin is similarly elongated, the upper lobe being much the longer and greatly attenuated. The following are the measurements of three specimens: 10,788, from Sandusky, and 12,267 and 12,294 from Cincinnati. The fractions indi- cate percentage of the length to the base of the caudal :— 128 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY-—III. Measurements of three specimens of Myxostoma anisura. | 10788. | 12267. | 12294. Length, inches.... E Sie niche Soares eee ie som Stats 3 24 82 104 Depth ccs. ccee wo ate eect een ea ars) Seen eee 28 27 . 26 Meneth of head soo sat 2s es os eee eee et ee oe see eee 18 17 18 Width of interorbital area: 22j-cesee sete =ce es sect eeee 08) Iicce ees ees Length of snout..-..-..- eT eeee ce see Sance eR ees se aes SWiiwleeacjoasallacccc=: INO! sis mn Seis See cee ce ERE SR ee eee eC ee oes manne toes OBS laser ier oh crea engbh'of, base or dorsalefcses. ese: eecee ieee as eames ee . 154 . 144 . 16 Height of longest ray of dorsal......-.-.-...- a see ped tee we 22 . 233 Heiehuoflast tay ot dersal se-s so. se ees cee eee eee ene mere. pe SON ed A Le enethroruppericaud alulobe; cee ace ce oon ieee eee ae ie iol 29 sol benethiof lowericaudal lobess22)2a52 4-22 4se- eee ee eee . 26 BO .20 Keng th of middle caudaliraysre--a: eases cose ees Ui pa eee lS Maloncns ol peers WM orsallercny sy 2% 22 cat creer oss. 2 Saye erat eye ree Onis ony als SSCA GS Newey ot Se he ge ads ee Lah Be Baek tire al ave at A A ro 6-46-5 | 6-40-5 |.------ It is perhaps barely possible that this fish is the male of aureolum at a certain age, but it seems to me decidedly improbable. The resem- blance between the two is, however, very strong, and, except for the fins, they could hardly be distinguished. a “Specimens in United States National Museum. Nomber. Locality. Collector. __# Oa ae a ae oe Sele eee ela a here ial a ae ee lee LOTS Sandusky, Ohioes. a2... - cesses saccae wenden acne eeeeeee eee J. W. Milner. Ose HCincimmaty Ohio cess sss cece setae e oe ies coe eee coos ee J. W. Milner. LAO Cincinnati Ooi. oss os scs ceo smeee sence aa eee ee een J. W. Milner. MULOS |e CincinnabinOhiom. Glace fees keee seme ete ease See ne J. W. Milner. 10. MY XOSTOMA PCESCILURA Jordan. Variegated-tailed Red Horse. 1877—Uyxostoma pecilira JORDAN, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. x, 66, 1877. Myxostoma pecilura JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 315, 1878. Hapirar.—Tangipahoa River, Southeastern Louisiana. This singular species is known only from two specimens in the United States National Museum, recently collected by Mr. Fred. Mather, of the United States Fish Commission. Whether the peculiar form and coloration of the caudal is general or is confined to the male sex is not certain. In any event, it will serve to sharply distinguish this species from all the others now known. In other respects, it most approaches M. macrolepidotum lachrymale. MYXOSTOMA CERVINUM. 129 Specimens in United States National Musewm. Number. Locality. Collector. -*16928 hancipahoa River, ouislanas-.5-+25-5- 404 sooseseaeeee Fred. Mather. 11. MYXOSTOMA ALBIDUM (Girard) Jordan. Small-scaled Red Horse. 1856— Ptychostomus albidus Grrarp, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 172. Ptychostomus albidus GrrRARD, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Iehth. 36, pl. xix, f. 5-8, 1859, Teretulus albidus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma albidum JORDAN, Man. Vert. E. U.S. 315, 1878. HaBiraT.—Rio San Juan, near Monterey, New Leon, in Mexico. This species is known only from Girard’s figure and description. No account of the lips is given, but the mouth is said to be a “ great deal larger” than in M. congestum. The description is trivial, but the figure, if at all correct, represents a species quite unlike our other members of the genus; the chief character being the much smaller size of the scales, which in the description are merely stated to be “smaller than in con- gestus”. The species may possibly belong to some section of the genus other than the one in which it is here placed. The original types, No. 170, U.S. Nat. Museum, from Rio San Juan, near Monterey, New Leon, are no longer to be found. 12. MYXOSTOMA CERVINUM (Cope) Jordan. Jump-rocks. Jumping Mullet. 1868—Teretulus cervinus COPE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 236. Piychostomus cervinus Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 478, 1870, Moxostoma cervinum JORDAN, Man. Vert. 296, 1876. ° Teretulus cervinus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma cervinum JORDAN, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 365, 1877. Myxostoma cervinum JORDAN, Man. Vert. E. U.S. ed. 2d, 315, 1878. 1868—Catostomus duquesniti GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 483. (Not of Le Sueur, nor of p. 18.) HABITaT.—Rivers of the South Atlantic States, from the James to the Chattahoochee. This is a strongly marked and very abundant species, the smallest of its genus, and one of the smallest of the Catostomida. It occurs in the *Two specimens, types of the species. Bull. N. M. No. 12—9 130 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. greatest abundance in the swift streams of the South, frequenting especially the rapids or “shoals”, and often throwing itself from the water in its endeavors to reach some higher rock-pool. It is too small and the flesh spoils too quickly to be much valued for food, but great numbers are caught for “fun” by negroes and boys. The largest speci- mens which I have seen were taken in the Chattahoochee, and are about ten inches in length ; ordinary individuals are four to six inches long. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. AOSS Geeks Pas SES ea @ Se Seeie beels Oteieiomeceiseis cea ce oele ees SSS FHSS se cites toes Sale einelou ae Gale bine arome ie ones mate yecine ees IA9OO) (Catawbativer cto eee ete ee eee le | i. D. Cope. — OcmulveesRiverjizsh tt 4 feewe eee ee oss ala, sass eee D.S. Jordan. = Salud aahivenytascccic ccs so nebem sole tercecm esis eae D.S. Jordan. —- Chattahoochee Rivers2-5 s2--.eee see ames Senior keene D.S8. Jordan. 13. MYXOSTOMA ALBUM (Cope) Jordan. White Mullet. 1870-——Plychostomus albus Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 472. Teretulus albus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma alba JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 316, 1878. FABITAT.—Catawba and other rivers of Eastern North Carolina, This species is well marked by the peculiar form of the under lip, which is quite small—a narrow, regular crescent following the boundary of the mandible, not full, as in the species previously noted, nor with the sides folding so as to meet on the middle line, as in the remaining species (excepting thalassinum). Specimens from North Carolina in the National Museum correspond well to Professor Cope’s description, except that the back is rather more elevated than one would infer from Pro- fessor Cope’s remarks. The dorsal rays are 12 and 13 instead of 14. The following are the measurements of two of them, 18,535 and 14,943, both from Kinston, N. C.:— * Types. MYXOSTOMA THALASSINUM. 131 Measurements of two specimens of Myxostoma album. 18535. 14943. BUDS Ti ED EN 11 Spe teat tm olin alae alls ale latcle ie allo mia aetna 13 11} Depth (percentage of length to base of caudal).-...--.-..----- .32 . 30 Reni Melee epee aie eaters ewe ale late eee cute «celal aoe vee yt . 20 Neidio timberonbita areal eae slsanneniseiscles ects sle/seniceein se ae a= . 10 . 10 MeCH UNO R SHOU bee oa atala (al alaha) sera ae aniatseee = eae iia ssctaeic/ca aa a's AUsts” WecesSoaene DIAMeLeM OM OLDibissk seins Lei. steal cnc ctasemtianicea dae evsnate Saoe QA Ns "Ee acer Meno uMrOmlaserOle GOLsAls n=. ones cisco ashe nn. snsiniay ve selaeteaee a9 .17 HCI SH Ore GOLsallss ae cays ers sali eis a sales Sereireaisets =e ciatclaet ea vciee = 22 . 184 eicmbofilasbhiray Of MOnsal ie... oce nolan cal setecetieaciees seater JODK eee eee onesih of outer caudal Tays <2. 26. s2ss-05/asesccicececs soc oon ode Rec passes Wenothof middleicaudal|/ Tays sss sss-5-5-ceoee ese ee eS wor iyi Reek assess Gene throtapectorals: seas fs see scissile s 3h eS see se Saas saat be spelt Wi reiatele clafsis se 3 Numperot dorsal ays js -nie soca ce/s aioe s socae ceased ee ee 2,13 2,12 SCHIESyaateie = 5 soissteis aja sieleia winectewinciecnoeen sae eeet cone ca senses G=45—5) |conleae coe The form is elliptical, not much compressed, but rather elevated, somewhat as in Hrimyzon suce(ta. Headshort and stout, bluntish, broad, and rounded above; mouth somewhat inferior ; the plice of the lips few and rather broken ; dorsal fin high, its free border somewhat concave ; caudal strongly forked ; color lustrous white, with greenish reflections. This is one of the largest species, reaching the weight of four pounds or more. Professor Cope states that it is much valued as a food-fish by pecple living in the neighborhood of Catawba River, where it is known as the White Mullet. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. ip o2. | NORM CALOMIN, ta as orsciacin ode avtaciawigte ous eases a oases G. B. Goode. HAGA SMBS bon weN Cae ses o-.5iee omc cas cieeeatene Saas scmeseee: G. B. Goode. AQ9OMeNortihy Carolinati. 2. sesses sakes coe eases ees eee G. B. Goode. Hoop ie hInsion NAC vn. bis cleo eyes he ae emcee eee ober J. W. Milner. EAa nH MNOnb nt CArOliaaT: 5.5. c- -L2> uate see eeek Sach yeataetas G. B. Goode. 14. MYXOSTOMA THALASSINUM (Cope) Jordan. Green Mullet. 1870—Ptychostomus thalassinus Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 472, 1870. Teretulus thalassinus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Myzxostoma thalassina JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 316, 1878. Hapirat.—Yadkin River. 132 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. T have not seen this species. From Professor Cope’s description, it would appear to be allied to JM. album, but distinguishable by the longer head. Itis a large species, abundant in the Yadkin River, where it is used for food. 15. MYXOSTOMA VELATUM (Cope) Jordan. Small-mouthed Red Horse. 1845—Catostomus anisurus KirTLAND, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. v, 269 (with plate). (Not of Rafinesque.) Catostomus anisurus STORER, Synopsis, 424, 1846. Ptychostomus anisurus JORDAN, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. 94, 1876. (Name only.) Moxostoma anisurus JORDAN, Man. Vert. 295, 1876. Teretulus anisurus NELSON, Bull. No. 1, Ils. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 1876. Teretulus anisurus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Moxostoma anisurum JORDAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 72, 1877. Moxostoma anisurum JonDAN, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 80, 1877. Moxostoma anisura JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s Rept. 53, 1877. (Name only.) Myxostoma anisura JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 33, 1877. 1870—Ptychostomus velatus Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 471, Moxostoma velatum JORDAN, Man. Vert. 296, 1876. ! Teretulus velatum NELSON, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 187€. Teretulus velatus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Mozxostoma velata JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s Rept. 53, 1576. (Name only.) Myxostoma velata JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 317, 1878. 1870—Ptychostomus collapsus Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 471. Hapirat.—Upper Mississippi Valley to Georgia and South Carolina. Neuse, Yadkin, Catawba, Clinch, Youghiogheny and Wabash Rivers (Cope). Chickamauga, Ohio Wabash, Illinois, Rock, and Wisconsin Rivers (Jordan). Lake Erie (Jordan). This species is one of the most widely distributed species, although it does not seem to be as abundant in individuals as several others. There is considerable variation in form among different specimens, but all the species with long dorsal fin and small A-shaped mouth appear to belong to one species, for which the name velatwm should be retained. The finding of a species with unequal caudal lobes renders it evident that the identification of Rafinesque’s anisurus with this species is in- correct. The name next in order is velatus Cope. The difference in the size of the eye between collapsus Cope and velatus Cope appears to be due to difference in age merely. Younger specimens have the eye proportionally larger. MYXOSTOMA PIDIENSE. 133 I did not find any specimens of this species in the United States National Museum. The types of velatus and collapsus, preserved in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, at Philadelphia, I have examined. 16. MYXOSTOMA CONGESTUM (Baird & Girard) Jordan. Gibbous Sucker. ° 1854—Catostomus congestus BAIRD & GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 27. Ptychostomus congestus GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 172, 1856. Ptychostomus congestus GirARD, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Ichth. 36, pl. xxi, f. 5-8,. 1859. Catostomus congestus GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 19, 1868. Teretulus congestus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 157, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma congesta JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 317, 1878. 1872—Ptychostomus bucco Copr, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 437. Teretulus bucco JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 107, 1876. (Name only.) HaBiTat.—Kansas to Texas. The original type of congestus, No. 171, from Rio Salado, Texas, col- lected in 1851 by John H. Clark, seems to have disappeared from the Museum. No description of the mouth has been given, except that it is “very small”. The species, therefore, probably has a mouth similar to ° that of velatum, and, if so, is probably identical with the species since described as P. bucco by Professor Cope. I have not seen the type of P. bucco, and, therefore, can only suggest the probable identity of the two; but, as the matter is likely to remain long unsettled, it seems best provisionally to unite them. ‘P. congestus” Cope & Yarrow is certainly not this species; more likely a form of I. macrolepidotum. 17. MYXOSTOMA PIDIENSE (Cope) Jordan. Mullet of the Great Pedee. 1870—Ptychostomus pidiensis Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 471. Teretulus pidiensis JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Myxostoma pidiensis JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 317, 1878. Hasirat.—Great Pedee River, North Carolina. This appears to be a slender species, resembling “P. cervinus in color, form, and size”. Professor Cope obtained it in the Yadkin River. I have not seen it. No specimens are in the National Museum. 134 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—IIL. 18. MYXOSTOMA COREGONUS (Cope) Jordan. Blue Mullet. 1870—Ptychostomus coregonus COPE, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 472. Teretulus coregonus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Myzxostoma coregonus JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 317, 1878. Hapirat.—Catawba and Yadkin Rivers, North Carolina. I have not seen this species. Professor Cope states that “it never exceeds a foot in length, and is very abundant in the Catawba and Yadkin Rivers. It is caught with the preceding two species and is used for food, but is the least valued of all the species. It is called at Morganton, Blue Mullet.” There are no specimens in the National Museum. 19. MYXOSTOMA PAPILLOSUM (Cope) Jordan. Papillose Mullet. 1870—Ptychostomus pappillosus COPE, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 470. Teretulus pappillosus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Myzxostoma papillosum JORDAN, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. xi, 366, 1877. (Ocmul- gee River.) Myxostoma papillosa JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 318, 1878. Hasitat.—North Carolina to Georgia. This species appears to be very abundant in all the streams from the Great Pedee to the Altamaha. Inits general character and appearance, it is very similar to the rest of the genus; but the mouth is remarkably different, the lower lip being full, thick, decidedly papillose, strongly incised behind, being very much as in Catostomus nigricans. My specimens do not agree very well with Professor Cope’s deserip- tion; but this is probably due to their greater size. Still, a possibi- lity exists that two species of this type inhabit our South Atlantic States. The head in my specimens is very large, flattish above, narrowed for- wards, and more than one fourth of the length, without caudal. The mouth is very large and inferior. The body is oblong, compressed, heavy forwards; the back moderately elevated. The eye is quite large, high up, and well back. The free border of the dorsal fin is sometimes MYXOSTOMA PAPILLOSUM. 135 convex, sometimes concave. The following are the measurements of two specimens :— 14989. 18536. WGNUL IMC NESe amet se tccn sae alee mine tales tecieiniae {eat Bees 164 12 Wepthi (percentage of length) 22-2255. ---secccc ces cone ce cees oa se ae) sea ue mm etce fascia atic Sea ee ete aoe ose soe mies Mpake winitisis aise) seatyen es 26 24 Dvd uh Of interorbitialtared) s- ses ssecscsae esc ccasincce cok ccece~s ohO) "|e reeeae es WWengthioft snout) 2222+ wssceetscs sees Se toed sees eee ade PQ eee aoe MEIN ELOMIOfPOLDOMa sss saan ane ae Ses eiss Soe FS oe eet liwereik 205i) 2242 Hhenpuhvofibase Of dorsalis. a5 <2see) setae qceeek bats aE at URES: oa cst otis aee all pig oe ee he tar nicines. Syn mp <0 Bull. N. M. No. 12—12 178 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. 35. CATOSTOMUS RETROPINNIS Jordan, sp. nov. 1878—Catostomus retropinnis JORDAN, Bull. Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Terr. (ined.). This fine species combines the mouth of C. latipinnis with the form and general characters of C. longirostris. The type is No. 21,197, col- lected by Dr. Elliott Coues in Milk River, Montana. It is a male speci- men 162 inches inlength. A specimen previously examined from Platte Valley was identified as probably the female of C. latipinnis, but the discovery of this large male specimen forbids such a supposition. Specimens in the United States National Museum. Number, Locality. Collector. 909353" | Platte’ Valley 2j22c2 so82 os seesee ass eee coe eeaioesec 21197 | Milk River, Montana (type) -.--...---.-------------| Dr. Elliott Coues. 36. CATOSTOMUS LATIPINNIS Baird & Girard. Great-finned Sucker. 1853—Catostomus latipinnis Barrp & GIRARD, in Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. vi, 388. Acomus latipinnis GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 173, 1856. Acomus latipinnis GIRARD, U. 8. Mex. Bound. Surv. Ichth. 39, pl. xxiv, f. 1-6, 1859. Catostomus latipinnis GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 14, 1868. Catostomus latipinnis COPE, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 434, 1872. Catostomus latipinnis JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. 1856—Catostomus guzmaniensis GIRARD, Proce. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 173. Acomus guzmaniensis GIRARD, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Ichth. 39, pl. xxiii, f. 6-10, 1859. Catostomus guzmaniensis GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, 15, 1868. Catostomus guzmaniense COPE & YARROW, Wheeler’s Expl. W. 100th Mer. v, Zool. 679, 1876. Catostomus guzmaniensis JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. HAbirat.—Arizona and Sonora. Green River, Wyoming (Cope). Probably not abundant. This species is one of the most strongly marked of our Suckers. The male fish may be known at once by the slender form and excessive development of the fins, and probably in the females the fins are more developed than in the males of any of the related species. The squama- CATOSTOMUS DISCOBOLUS. . 179 tion also is peculiar, and the form of the mouth is unlike that of any other species. These features are all well shown in Girard’s figure of the species in the Ichthyology of the Mexican Boundary. The distribution of the species has not been well made out. I have seen but one specimen, an adult male from the Gila region, apparently the one from which Girard’s figure was made. The type of Catostomus guzmaniensis cannot be found. The figure was made from a young fish, and the distinctions between it and latipinnis are such as often distinguish a young fish from an old one. It is better, therefore, to unite the two than to admit an insufficiently characterized nominal species. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. 20078 | (Type of latipinnis undoubtedly, but the locality, Rio San | J. H. Clark. Pedro, tributary of Rio Gila, and old number, 254 ?, oblit- erated.) 37. CATOSTOMUS DISCOBOLUS Cope. Large-lipped Sucker. 1872—Catostomus discobolus Copr, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Wyo. 1870, 435. Catostomus discobolus Copr & YARROw, Wheeler’s Expl. W. 100th Mer, v, Zool. 677, 1876. Catostomus discobolus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. Hapirat.—Idaho to Arizona. This interesting species is a Pantosteus in all but the technical char- acter of the open fontanelle, and in this respect it is really intermediate, as the fontanelle, in the adult at least, is reduced to a narrow slit. The characters given in the analysis were taken from the Snake River spe- cimen, 20,475, larger and in better condition than most or all of those examined by Professor Cope. Professor Cope’s original types came from Green River in Wyoming. 180 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN. ICHTHYOLOGY—III. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. | Locality. Collector. es, ihe 12914 | eee ane ee te alta nee ate alata eat eee eta e ae eee oer rtetere Newberry. 157838 | Zuid, Nu Mem siss fee sje teeyoaiee serene) eopetesictes Yarrow & Henshaw. 15 791s) Avizonaltecesceceemer tase eee reeset memes C. G. Newberry. 20475) Snake River idahoyeses-ssees at ee acces ce cee F. V. Hayden. Genus PANTOSTEUS. Cope. Minomus Corr, U.S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 434 (1872). (Not of Girard.) Pantosteus Corr, Lieut. Wheeler’s Exp]. W. 100th Mer. v, 673, 1876. Catostomus, Acomus et Minomus sp. GIRARD. Type, Winomus platyrhynchus Cope. Etymology, ww, all; ooréov, bone (from the closing of the fontanelle by bone). Head moderate or rather small, 4 to 5 times in length of body, flattish and rather broad above, anteriorly somewhat pointed; eye rather small, usually behind the middle of the head : suborbital bones narrow, as in Catostomus ; bones of head rather thick, the two parietal bones firmly united, entirely obliterating the fontanelle. Mouth rather large, entirely inferior; each jaw with a more or less. developed cartilaginous sheath, separable in alcohol, essentially as in Chondrostoma, Acrochilus, and related genera; upper lip broad, papillose, with a rather broad, free margin, and several series of tubercles ; lower lip largely developed, with an extensive free margin deeply incised behind, but less so than in Catostomus. Pharyngeal bones and teeth essentially as in Catostomus. Isthmus quite broad. Body generally elongate, subterete, and little eompressed. Seales qaite small, from 80 to 105 in the course of the lateral line, and 30 to 35 in a cross:series between dorsal and ventrals, usually more or less reduced in size and crowded forward, as in Catostomus; lateral line well developed, straightish. Fins generally rather small; first ray of dorsal usually about midway of body, its rays few, 9 to 12 in number; ventrals inserted rather under posterior part of dorsal, their rays 10 or 9; anal short and high, with 7 developed rays; caudal rather shallow, emarginate; pectorals well developed : air-bladder with two chambers. The characters of Pantosteus are essentially those of Catostomus, except that the fontanelle is obliterated. The usual scale-formula is interme- GENUS PANTOSTEUS. 181 diate between that of Catostomus proper and that of the subgenus Decadactylus. The genus was first indicated by Professor Cope in 1874, under the name of Minomus, he supposiug at the time that Catostomus insignis, the type of Girard’s Minomus, was a species with closed fontanelle. On obtaining specimens of C. insignis, it became evident that such was not the case, and the new name Pantosteus was proposed for the genus, Pantosteus runs very close to Catostomus, two species referred to the ‘latter genus (C. discobolus and C. arwopus) being almost intermediate. Generic Characterizations. Mrnomus Cope, 1872.—‘‘I have proposed to adopt as valid (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. 1870, 480) seven genera of this family. I will now add an eighth, which embraces species which combine with the characters of Catostomus proper,a complete union of the parietal bones, which obliterates the fontanelle so universal among the suckers. The only other exception is seen in Cycleptus, Raf., as I have already men- tioned. In all the members of the family where I have examined it, this fontanelle is quite open and of no doubtful proportions, and nowhere reduced to the slit so often seen in Silurid@. In searching for the characters of Girard’s so-called genera Minomus and Acomus, I find that the type of the former, MV. insignis, B. G., presents the character above mentioned. I therefore adopt his name for the new genus, and add two new species, M. delphinus and M. bardus. Whether his two other species, M. plebeius and M. clarkii, belong to it is uncertain as yet, but they have the same physiognomy.”—(Core, Hayden's Geol. Surv. Wyoming for 1870, p. 434, 1872.) PANTOSTEUS (Cope) Yarrow, 1876.—‘“ Professor Cope, in 1870, purposed to adopt as valid seven genera of this family; but in 1872, he stated bis belief that an eighth should be added, wkich should embrace species combining the characters of Catostomus proper, a complete union of the parietal bones, which obliterates the fontanelle, so uni- versal among the suckers; the only other exception being seen in Cycleptus, Raf., as he has already observed. In all the members of the family that he has examined in this re- gard the foatanelle has been found quite open and of no doubtful proportions, and is nowhere reduced to the slit often seen in the Siluride, unless it be in the Catostomus discobolus. In searching for the characters of Girard’s so-called genera Minomus and Acomus, he expressed the view that the type of the former, M. insignis, Baird & Girard, presents the character in question. This conclusion was based on a specimen sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences from Washington, bearing that name. Hay- ing since examined five specimens of the M. insignis, obtained by the geologists of this suivey, he finds them to be true Catostomi as determined by the presence of the fon- tanelle. It therefore requires a name, and he proposes for it that of Pantostevs. It embraces P. platyrhynchus, P.jarrovii and P. virescens Cope of the present essay and P. delphinus and P. bardus, Cope, Hayden’s Report, !. ¢.”—(Yarrow, Lieut. Wheeler’s Expl. W. 100th Mer. vol. 5, p. 673, 1876.) PantTostEus Cope & Jordan, 1877.—-“ Body oblong or elongate, with a short, sub- quadrate dorsal fin; air bladder in two parts; lateral line well developed ; fontanelle obliterated by the union of the parietal bones.”—(Jorpan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 1877, p. 81.) 182 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF PANTOSTEUS. * Scales very small, 100 to 105 in the lateral line; 18 above and 16 below, in a cross- series: body elongate, compressed, the caudal peduncle contracted: head short, wide, 5.in length: muzzle obtuse, little projecting ; upper lip wide; lower lip full, emarginate ; jaws with well dcveloped cartilaginous sheaths : scales much reduced in size forwards: dorsal rays 10; ventral 9: color clive; lower surface Vell O Wises eae ae eae eae eee eer ae ae oleate VIRESCENS, 33. ** Scales small, 80 to 53 in the course of the lateral line. t Seales very much reduced and crowded anteriorly : upper lip full, pendent; cartila- ginous sheaths on jaws well developed, the commissure transverse and ab- ruptly angulate at the corners of the mcuth. a. Body extremely elongate, the depth 5} to 7 in length: head 42 in length, short and wide, with depressed and expanded muzzle, which considerably overhangs the mouth: isthmus very wide: dorsal rays 11; ventral rays 9: scales 15-86-12: belly and lower fins yellowish, probably red in life .----. PLATYRHYNCHUS, 39. ‘aa. Body moderately elongate, the depth 43 to 5 in the length: head rather short, 4% in length, not specially broadened; muzzle not greatly overhanging the mouth: dorsal rays 9 (rarely 10); ventral rays 10 (rarely 9): scales 11 to 14-83 to 87-13 to 15: light brown above, with dusky spots and clouds; males with the chin and fins red, and a crimson lateral band.-.---...-..-- GENEROSUS, 40. tt Scales subequal over the body, not much reduced forwards: upper lip rather nar- row, bot pendent ; cartilaginous sheath on jaws obsolete (?). b. Body comparatively stout, the caudal peduncle short and thick, the back some- what arched, the depth 44 to 5 in length: head short and wide, flattish above, 4¢ to 5 in length: scales 14-84-15: dorsal rays9 to 11; ventral rays10: black- ish above, with one or two dark lateral shades ...-......-....- . PLEBEIUS, 41. 38. PANTOSTEUS VIRESCENS Cope. Green Sucker. 1876—Pantosteus virescens (COPE) Cope & Yarrow, Wheeler’s Expl. W. 100th Mer. v, Zool. 675. Paxtosteus virescens JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. Hapirat.—Arkansas River in Colorado. Only a single specimen of this species is known, collected by Mr. C. EK. Aiken at Pueblo, Colo. The small size of its scales indicates its distinctness from the other species of Pantosteus. The greenness of coloration of the typical specimen is probably due to its having been kept in a copper tank. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. | Collector. — Arkansas River, Pueblo, Colo. (type).--.-...---- | C. E. Aiken. PANTOSTEUS GENEROSUS. 183 39. PANTOSTEUS PLATYRHYNCHUS Cope. Flat-headed Sucker. 1874—-Minomus platyrhynckus CopE, Proc. Am. Philos Soc. Phila. 134. Pantosteus platyrhynchus Cope & Yarrow, Wheelers Expl. W. 100th Mer. v, Zool. 673, pl. xxix, f. 3, 3a, 1876. Pantosicus platyrhynchus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. Pantosteus platyrhynchus JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. xi, p. —, 1876. Hapitat.—Utah Lake and tributaries. The specimens which I have seen of this species are all small and in poor condition. Their remarkable slenderness is doubtless in part due to their flabbiness. The species as noted by Professor Cope much resembles Catostomus discobolus. It is also very similar to Pantosteus generosus, but at present I consider it distinct. Specimens in Uniied States National Musewm. Number. Locality. | Collector. AON Ga Weaalunle nea eee hy a sae ce ae eee ee cama ores | Yarrow & Henshaw. SIGS MUntahealcows tern se ee kee come ese seas caer crests et Yarrow & Henshaw. 40. PANTOSTEUS GENEROSUS (Girard) Jordan. VYarrow’s Sucker. 1856— Catostomus (Acomus) generosus GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 174. Acomus generosus GIRARD, U.S. Pac. R. R. Expl. x, 221, 1858. Catostomus generosus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. 1874— Minomus jarrovit Copr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 35, Pantosteus jarrovii Cops & YARROW, Wheeler’s Expl. W. 100th Mer. v, Zool. 674, pl. xxix, 2, 2 a, 1876. Pantosteus yarrowi JORDAN ‘& COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. HaBiTaT.—Rio Grande, Colorado Basin, and Great Basin of Utah; very abundant. This species is the most characteristic and most widely diffused of the Suckers of the Great Basin. It was first described by Girard in 1856, under the name of Catostomus generosus. Girard’s description, unaccompanied by a figure, was so very loose and irrelevant that it has hitherto remained unidentified. I have, however, had the opportunity of examining Girard’s original types, and of comparing them with the ‘types of Pantosteus jarrovii. They seem to me to belong to the same species, and I am therefore compelled to substitute the name generosus 184 CONTRIBULIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—IIL. for that of jarrovit. If I had not been able to compare generosus with jarrovii, | should never have suspected their identity. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. | Locality. Collector. 256 | Cottonwood Creek (types of generosus) ....-.---- Lieut, Beckwith. 5910") (OrorderGalllo ANeMGx re se eseece sa ace eee mo eee Lieut. Beale. 15802 | Zuni River, New Mexico (types of jarrovit) -..--. H. W. Henshaw. 17080 | San Hdefonso WN Mex ces sssccle somes eee cca Yarrow & Cope. 17095") Mohave Desert, Californiae.--2..-+2+.----eoeees Dr. O. Loew. TSQOSMBNEewaMexicOvsseane ses sseteee eco cree mee erasers H. C. Yarrow. 20102 | Pacific Railroad Survey, 38° ........-..- Seasons Lieut. Beckwith. 41. PANTOSTEUS PLEBEILUS (Baird & Girard) Jordan. Plain Sucker. 1854— Catostomus plebeius BAirD & GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 28. Catostomus plebius AGAssiz, Am. Journ. Se. Arts, 2d series, xix, 208, 1855. Minomus pleveius GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 1735, 1856. Minomus plebeius Girrarp, U. 8. Mex. Bound. Surv. Ichth. 38, pl. xxii, f. 1-4, 1859. Catostomus plebejus GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus, vii, 15, 1868. Catostomus plebejus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. Pantosteus plebeius JORDAN, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus. xi, p.—, 1878. 1872—Minomus delphinus Corr, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 435, 1872. Pantosteus delphinus Cope & YARROW, Lieut. Wheeler's Rept. Expl. W. 100th Mer. vol. 5, 673, 1876. Pantosteus dolphinus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. (Misprint for delphinus.) 1872—Minomus bardus CoPpr, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Wyoming, 1870, 436. Pantosteus bardus Corer, Lieut. Wheeler’s Exp]. W. 100th Mer. vol. 5, p. 673, 1876. Pantosteus bardus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 156, 1876. Hapira?T.—Basin of the Colorado. Lake Guzman. The types of Catostomus plebeius are not to be found, and no speci- mens referable to the species are in the National Museum. The types of Pantosteus delphinus and P. bardus I have been unable to examine. The seale-formula and small dorsal fin of C. plebeius indicate that it is a species of Pantosteus. Assuming that it is so, I find myself unable to draw from the printed descriptions of plebeius, delphinus, and bardus any sort of specific characters. Until such characters are shown, the burden of proof Jies with the proposer of those species, and I shall consider them- as identical until they are proved to be distinct. In characters of mouth, PANTOSTEUS PLEBEIUS. 185 scales, and form of body, Pantosteus plebeius seems to resemble Catosto- mus insignis and CO. clarkii, and to diverge from the type of discobolus, generosus, and platyrhynchus.* * Professor Cope (in lit.) dissents from the identification above made, maintaining that P. delphinus and P. bardus are at least specifically distinct from each other, what- ever may be the relation of either to P. plebeius. As I have_seen none of the three forms in question, I let the above stand as I had written it, and quote the original de- scriptions of the three nominal species :— MINOMUS PLEBEIUS Grd.—“ Body sub-fusiform, compressed. Head elongate, subcon- ical, forming the fifth of the entire length. Mouth of medium size. Hyes large, sub- elliptical, their longitudinal diameter being contained about five times in the length of side of head. Dorsal] fin subquadrangular, its anterior margin being equidistant be- tween the tip of the snout and the first 1udimentary rays of the upper lobe of the caudal. The latter is slightly coneave posteriorly, and the lobes rounded off. The base of the anal is contained nearly three times in its height, and when brought back- wards its tip extends to the rudimentary rays at the inferior lobe of the caudal fin. The ventrals are inserted under the posterior third of the dorsal ; bent backwards, their tip does not reach as far as the anus. The pectorals are of medium development, sub- ovate, posteriorly acute. “The scales are of medium size, considerably largest on the peduncle of the tail. Twenty-eight to thirty rows from the base of the ventrals to the dorsal fin. About eighty in the lateral line, which is not discernible as far back as the base of the caudal fin. “The color as preserved in alcohol, is dark brown on the upper regions, faintly mot- tled with blackish patches. The sides and belly exhibit traces of orange in some of the specimens, in others it is pale yellowish. The fins are unicolor; the dorsal, caudal, and pectorals, blackish brown ; the anals and ventrals yellowish.”—(GriRanb, Ich. U.S. and Mex. Boundary Surv. —, p. 38, figs. 1-4, plate xxii.) MINOMUS DELPHINUS Cope.— The subequal size of the scales of this species would refer it indifferently to the true group Catostomus of Girard, or his group Minomus, which he did not distinguish clearly. The preceding species would enter his Acomus, which is, however, only an undefined group of species, to which, by the way, the type of Catostomus, C. teres, belongs. This species is especially distinguished from those heretofore described by the shortening of the caudal part of the vertebral column, and the consequent posterior position of the dorsal fin. Add to this ashort, wide head, and thick body, and its physiognomy is expressed. “The dorsal outline is arched, the head flat above, but elevated behind, and much de- pressed on the muzzle. The muzzle is wide and does not project beyond the upper lip, which is appressed to its lower face and bears fonr rows of warts; its smooth com- missural part is narrow. On the lower lip the tubercles advance nearly te the com- missure ; this lip is deeply emarginate posteriorly ; the eye enters the length of the head five times, two and one-half times measuring the muzzle, and twice the inter- orbital region. Head four and two-thirds times in length to end of caudal basal scales, ‘Scales in thirty longitudinal series, between dorsal and ventral fins; ventrals remark- 186 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTITYOLOGY—III. Genus CYCLEPTUS Rajinesque. Cycleptus RAFINESQUE, Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1819, p. 421. Rhytidostomus HECKEL, Fische Syriens, Russegger’s Reisen, 1842, p. 1023. Catostomus et Sclerognathus sp. AUCT. Type, Cycleptus nigrescens Rafinesque, = Catosiomus elongatus Le Sueur. Etymology, «vkAoc, round; Aerrdc, small. ‘The name means small, round mouth” ( Rafinesque). Head very small, short and slender, its length contained 6 to 7 times in that of the body, its upper surface rounded; eye quite small, nearly median, not very high up, its length 6 to 8 in that of the side of the head; suborbital bones rather small and quite narrow; fontanelle en- tirely obliterated by the union of the parietal bones. Mouth small, entirely inferior, overlapped by the projecting snout, the upper lip tiick, pendent, covered with 3 to 5 rows of tubercles, the outer quite large, the inner small; lower lip moderate, formed some- ably short, extending little more than half way to vent, originating under posterior third of dorsal. Pectorals well separated. Isthmus wide. “Color above blackish, with a strong inferior marginal shade on the lower part of the sides, and the lighter tint above; a brown spot just above axilla, is cut off from it by a band of the yellow color which covers the belly and head below. “The only species concerning which any doubt can arise in the nomenclature of this one is C. bernardini of Girard. That writer states that the latter possesses'15 D. radii; this, with the ascription of a slender form and other peculiarities, will always sepa- rate them. Three species in Professor Hayden’s collection without locality. This should be probably a tributary of Green River.”—(CoPr, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Terr. 1872, p. 436.) . MINOMUS BARDUS Cope.—‘‘ This species is distinguished by its very short head, and marked coloration, resembling in that respect the C. guzmaniensis of Girard; with this species, it has, however, nothing else in common. “ Head wide, muzzle not projecting beyond upper lip; latter not pendent, with nar- row, smooth commissure and three or four rows of tubercles. Lower lip deeply incised, tubercular to near inner edge. Eye 5.25 times in length of head, twice in inter- UR width. Head five times to end of basal caudal scales. Form stout: body cylin- dric anteriorly. Dorsal fin nearer end of muzzle than end of caudal scales. Scales of body subequal, in thirty longitudinal rows between dorsal and ventral fins, latter orig- inating beneath hinder border of dorsal, not quite reaching vent. Pectorals well sepa- rate; isthmus wide, narrower than in IM. delphinus. Color blackish above, a broad olive band from upper part of opercular border along upper half of caudal peduncle, and a bread black band below, narrowing to a line along the middle of the peduncle; below, yellowish, a band of the same cutting off a blackish area above the axilla, as in the last species.”—(Copr, Hayden’s Geol. Surv. Terr. 1872, p. 436.) GENUS CYCLEPTUS. ‘ 187 what asin Catostomus, but less full, incised behind; jaws without carti- laginous sheath; muciferous system not greatly developed; opercular apparatus not greatly developed, the operculum smooth and narrow. Isthmus moderate; gill-rakers moderately long, soft; pharyngeal bones strong, the teeth stout, increasing in size downwards, rather wide apart. Body elongate, moderately compressed, not much elevated, the caudal peduncle long, the greatest depth contained 4 to 6 times in length. Scales moderate, about equal over the body, not closely imbricated, with wide exposed surfaces, the number in the lateral line from 50 to 60, and about 17 in a transverse series from dorsal to ventrals; edges of scales serrate; lateral line well developed, nearly straight. Fins rather large ; dorsal fin beginning in front of ventrals and ending just before anal, of about 30 rays, strongly faleate in front, the first and second developed rays in length more than half the length of the base of the fin, the rays rapidly shortened to about the eighth, the length of the remaining rays being nearly uniform and all short; caudal fin large, widely forked, the lobes about equal; anal fin quite small, low, of 7 or 8 developed rays, scaly at base; ventrals moderate, with 10 rays; pec- torals elongate, somewhat falcate. Sexual peculiarities somewhat marked; the males in spring with black pigment ; the head then covered with small tubercles. Air-bladder with two chambers, the anterior short, the posterior elongate. But a single species of this singular genus is as yet known. It is found in the waters of the Mississippi Valley, and, although not a rare fish, it is by no means as generally abundant as are many others of its family. Generis Characterizations. Cycreptus Rafinesque, 1819.—“ Cycleptus, (abdominal). Différent du genre Catos- tomus. Deux nageoires dorsales, bouche petite, ronde, au bout du museau; lévres circulaires. Famille Vyprinidia? C. nigrescens, noirAtre; ventre blanchitre, bouche retroussée ; queue fourchée. Parvient &4 deux pieds de long; trés bon 4 manger, rare dans l’Ohio et le Missouri.” —(RAFINESQUE, Journ. de Phys. etc. 1819, p. 421.) CycLerTus Rafinesque, 1820.—‘‘ Difference from the foregoing genus [ Catostomus ]— two dorsal fins, mouth round and terminal.”—(RaAFinEsQueg, Ich. Oh. p. 6.) Ruytipostomus Heckel, 1842.—“‘ Dentes pectiniformes €0-60. Pinna dorsalis basi elongata; radio tertio vel quarto longissimo. In reliquis cum genere Catostomo con- gruit.”—(HECKEL, Fische Syriens, p. 33, or Russeger’s Reisen, p. 1023.—Species referred to the genus, Cyprinus catostomus Forster and Catostomus elongatus Le Sueur.) CycLertus Agassiz, 1855.—‘As in many other instances, Rafinesque has named, but _ neither defined nor characterised the gepus to which I now call attention. He has not 188 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. himself even seen the fish upon which the genus is founded, and refers to another genus a species which cannot be separated from this. Moreover, the characteristics of the genus, as given by Rafinesque, are not true to nature. Yet, notwithstanding these objections, I do not feel at liberty to reject his generic name, singe it is possible to identify the fish he meant by the vernacular-name under which it is known in the West. There is another reason why Rafinesque’s description of our western fishes ought to be carefully considered and every possible effort made to identify his genera and species, the fact that he was the first to investigate the fishes of the Ohio and its tributaries upon a largescale, and that notwithstanding the looseness with which he per- formed the task and the lamentable inaccuracies of his too short descriptions, his works bear almost upon every page the imprint of his keen perception of the natural affinities of species, and their intimate relations to one another; so much so, that even where he has failed to assign his genera any characters by which they may be recognized, yet, when the species upon which they were founded can be identified, we usually find that there sre good reasons for considering them as forming distinct genera. “The trouble with Rafinesque is, that he too often introduced in his works species which he had not always seen himself, and which he referred almost at random among his genera, thus defacing his well characterised groups, or that he went so far as to found genera upon species which he had never seen, overlooking perhaps that he had already described such types under other names. “The genus Cycleptus affords a striking example of all these mistakes combined together. In his remarkable paper upon the genus Catostomus, Lesueur describes and figures one species from the Ohio River, under the name of C. elongatus, peculiar for . its elongated cylindrical body, and for its long dorsal fin beginning half way between the pectorals and ventrals, and extending as far back as the insertion of the anal. The species Rafinesque introduces in his subgenus Decactylus among the genuine Ca- tostomi, without perceiving that it belongs to his own genus Cyeleptus. This mistake arises undoubtedly from his belief that in Cycleptus there are two dorsals, which indeed he mentions as characteristics of this genus; but this statement is erroneous: the rays of the dorsal are, in fact, enclosed in a continuous membrane, the anterior rays only being much longer than those of the middle and posterior portion of the fin; oc- casionally these long rays split, and accidentally separate from the following ones, when they seem to form two dorsals. “The character of this genus, so far as the dorsal is concerned, consists in reality not in its division, but in its great extension along the back, and the elongation of its anterior rays. The anal is very long in proportion to the size of the fish, and inserted far back, so that the length of the abdominal cavity is greater than in the genera Car- piodes, Ichthyobus, and Bubalichthys, with which Cycleptus is closely allied by the pecu- liar form of its dorsal. Again, Rafinesque remarks that the mouth is terminal, round and small. This requires also to be qualified. The mouth appears terminal and round only when the jaws are protruded to their utmost extent; when closed, it is rather crescent-shaped and entirely retracted under the projecting, pointed snout; the lips are covered with numerous projecting papillae and spread horizontally,—these are moreover, continuous around the angles of the mouth, so that the upper and lower l ps are hardly separated by a small fold, and the lower lip is slightly emarginate in the middle, while in other genera of this tribe it is actually bilobed. CYCLEPTUS ELONGATUS. 189 “The pharyngeal bones are strong, their anterior surface being flattened and the greatest diameter being the transverse one, as in Bubalichthys, and not laterally com- pressed and thin as in Carpiodes and Ichthyobus. “The symphysis is short and its peduncle flat and square, separated from the curved arch by a deep semicircular emargination. The teeth are also stronger and stouter than in Carpiodes and Ichthyobus, as is also the case in Bubalichthys, aud they are grad- ually increasing in size, and relative thickness from the upper part of the arch to the symphysis, but they are much fewer and farther apart than in the latter genus. Their inner edge is transverse, rather blunt, though the middle ridgo is somewhat project- ing; the lower teeth are so shaped that their inner angle is hardly higher than the outer, while in the middle and upper teeth it is gradually more projecting, and from the middle of the arch upwards forms a prominent point arched outwards. “The seales are considerably longer than high, witha rather prominent posterior mar- gin; numerous radiating furrows upon the anterior and posterior fields, some across the lateral fields; the concentric ridges of the posterior field are not only broader than those of the other fields, but instead of running parallel to the margin of the scales they are curved in concentric gothic arches between each two radiating furrows. Heckel mentions this genus under the name of Rhytidostomus, but Rafinesque’s name Cycleptus has the priority. Properly it ought to be called Leptocyclus, according to its etymology, (see my Nomenclator Zoologicus; Index Universalis, p.109,) but under this form nobody would recognise it as Rafinesque’s name. I shall therefore not urge the change.”—(AGassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1855, p. 197.) CycLerrus Cope & Jordan, 1877.—‘‘ Body much elongated, subcylindrical forwards: dorsal elongate, falciform, of 30 or more rays; fontanelle obliterated by the union of the parietal bones; mouth small, inferior, with papillose lips.”.—(JoRDAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Phila. 1877, p. 81.) ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF CYCLEPTUS. * Depth 4 to 5 in length: head 6 to 6}: eye small, 6 to 7 in length of head: longest dorsal rays a little longer than head: pectorals rather longer than head: dorsal rays 30; anal 7 or 8: scales 9-56-7 : coloration very dark, the males almost black ; size large; length of adult 14 to 24 feet ..--.....--.-..-----...... ELONGATUS, 42. 492, CYCLEPTUS ELONGATUS (Le Sueur) Agassiz. Black Horse. Gourd-seed Sucker. Missouri Sucker. Suckerel. 1817—Catostomus elongatus LE Surun, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 103. Catostomus clongatus RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh. 60, 1820. Catostomus elongatus KIRTLAND, Rept. Zool]. Ohio, 168, 1838. Catostomus elongatus DeKay, New York Fauna, part iv, Fishes, 203, 1842. Catostomus elongatus CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. des Poiss. xvii, 455, 1844, Catostomus elongatus KirnTLAND, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. v, 267, 1845. Catostomus elongatus STORER, Syn *psis, 422, 1846. Cycleptus clongatus AGAssiz, Am. Journ. Se. Arts, 2d series, xix, 197, 1855, Sclerognathus elongatus GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus, vii, 23, 1808. 190 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. Cycleptus elongatus JORDAN, Fishes of Ind, 222, 1875. Cycleptus elongatus JORDAN, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. 95, 1876. (Name only.) Cycleptus elongatus JORDAN, Man. Vert. 298, 1876. Cycleptus elongatus NELSON, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 50, 1876. Cycleptus clongatus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name only.) Cycleptus elongatus JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s Rept. 53,1876. (Name only.) Cycleptus elongatus JORDAN, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix, 38, 1877. Cycleptus elongatus JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 1878. 1818—Cycleptus nigrescens RAFINESQUE, Journal de Physique, 421. Cycleptus nigrescens RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh. 61, 1820. HABITAT.—Mississippi Valley, in all the larger streams. This species is found in some abundance in the larger streams. At the Falls of the Ohio, it is taken in nets, and meets a ready sale. It is, however, much less abundant than the Buffalo fishes are. From the general use of the name “ Missouri Sucker”, its abundance in the State of Missonri may be inferred; but, as to the facts in the case, I am not informed. This fish isas sharply distinguished from the other Suckers in its appearance as in its anatomy. The dusky colors and the small size of the head attract attention at once. But one species is yet known. That being the case, the synonymy of the species needs no discussion, its oldest name being the one in com- mon use. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. NO Vet Ske cacti ce ec iee bar oe eee a eeenc cee stern 2 sek sae ee BG7Sa tacos cee cee hee ee ae ee eee meee eee acetone a et eine eaietarcter: LOI ACinemmnatin© liom eses ees ser eae seee eee ie eee J. W. Milner. 12278) eae < QO eee cee ieee eee eee eee ante eereneate secre ae leiee Do. Genus CARPIODES Rafinesque. Carpiodes RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh. 56, 1820. (As subgenus of Gatostomus.) Sclerognathus VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. des Poissons, xvii, 472, 1844. Type, Catostomus cyprinus Le Sueur. Etymology, Latin carpio, a carp; i. ¢., carp-like. Head comparatively short and deep, sometimes conic, sometimes blunt, its length ranging from 34 to 5 in that of the body, its upper surface always rounded; eye moderate, median or anterior in position ; suborbital bones well developed, their depth more than half that of GENUS CARPIODES. 191 the fleshy portion of the cheek below ; fontanelle always present, well developed. Month always small, horizontal and inferior, the mandible less than one-third the length of the head, the lips thin, the upper protractile, narrow, the lower quite narrow, A-Shaped, or rather q-shaped, behind; both lips feebly plicate or nearly smooth, the plice often more or less broken up; jaws without cartilaginous sheath; muciferous system moderately developed; opercular apparatus well developed, the sub- opercle broad, the operculum in the adult more or less rugose ; isthmus moderate ; pharyngeal bones remarkably thin and laterally compressed, with ashallow furrow along the anterior margin on the inside, and another more central one on the outline of the enlarged surfaces; teeth very small, compressed, nearly equally thin along the whole inner edge of the bone, forming a fine comb-like crest of minute serratures; their cutting edge rises above the inner margin into a prominent point. Gillrakers of anterior arch slender and stiff above, becoming reduced downwards. Body ovate or oblong, the dorsal outline more or less arched, the ventral outline more nearly straight, the depth from half to one-third the length, the sides compressed; the back notably so, forming a sort of carina; caudal peduncle short and deep; scales large, about equal over the body, their posterior margins slightly serrate; lateral line well developed, nearly straight, with 34 to 41 scales, 12 to 15 scales in a cross-row from dorsal to ventrals ; dorsal fin beginning near the middle of the body, somewhat in advance of ventrals, faleate, its anterior rays very much elevated and usually filamentous, their height ranging from 4 to 14 the length of the base of the fin, the number of developed rays ranging from 23 to 30; caudal fin well forked, the lobes equal; anal fin comparatively long and low, emarginate (in males?), its number of developed rays usually 8; ventrals shortish, with usually 10 rays; pec- torals short. Sexual peculiarities little marked; in some species, at least, the males in spring have the snout minutely tuberculate. Coloration always plain; pale olivaceous above, white below, but hardly silvery, the fins all partaking of the color of the region to which - they belong. Air-bladder with two chambers. Size medium or rather large. This genus was first recognized and defined by Professor Agassiz in 192 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. 1855. Since then it has been generally received by authors under the Same nawe and with the same limits. It was first briefly outlined by Ratinesque in 1820 under the name of Carpiodes, then afterwards by Valenciennes defined more fully under the name of Sclerognathus. Both Carpiodes and Sclerognathus having the same typical species (Catostomus eyprinus Le Sueur), the older and preferable name, Carpiodes, is the oue to be adopted. The recognition of species in this genus is a matter of extreme diffi- culty, from their great resemblance to each other in color, size, form, and general appearance. Uur knowledge of the species thus far has been almost entirely due to the labors of Professor Cope (A Partial Syn- opsis of the Fishes of North Carolina”, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 1570). Ihave myself examined specimens agreeing with each of Pro- . fessor Cope’s descriptions, and, with two exception (Carpiodes selene and Carpiodes grayt), I am disposed to admit all his species. it is true, how- ever, that in every large collection of Carpiodes there are specimens disagreeing more or less from the typical forms of each species, and which should, in consistency, be described as distinct species, or else the species which they appear to connect should be united. Ihave not, however, examined a sufficiently full series of Carpiodes to be pre- pared to accept either of these alternatives. I have, therefore, taken Professor Cope’s analysis of the species, and added to it such addi- tional features as I have been able to observe, and I give the whole as our best knowledge at present on the subject, leaving for future study the consideration of the degree of relationship existing between cyprinus, velifer, and thompsoni. The other four species, carpio, bison, cutisanse- rinus, and differmis, seem to be manifestly distinct, unless difformis be a monstrous form of cutisanserinus. Species of this genus are found in all the fresh waters of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. They seldom ascend the small streams, and are taken by means of nets from the larger rivers and lakes. From their resemblance in form to the European Carp (Cyprinus carpio), they are popularly known as **Carp”. This resemblance has suggested the name of the genus and of two of its species. As food- fishes they are rather indifferent, the flesh being rather coarse and flavor- less and full of small bones. The geographical distribution of the species has been little studied. C. cyprinus is the common species east of the Alleghanies, and, if “OC. damalis” and (0. tumidus” be the same, in the Upper Missouri region and the Rio Grande also. C. thompsoni is the GENUS CARPIODES. 193 common Carp of the Great Lakes. C. carpio is the most abundant spe- cies in the Ohio River, where C. velifer and C. cutisanserinus also occur in immense numbers. I am convinced that neither the number of scales nor the number of fin-rays can be relied on to distinguish species in this genus, the entire range of variation being probably found in every species. The height of the anterior rays of the dorsal, although subject to considerable varia- tion with age and wear, seems to be sufficiently constant to divide the species into two groups. Generic Characterizations. CarPiopEs Rafinesque, 1820.—‘ Body oblong, somewhat compressed; head com- pressed, nine abdominal rays, dorsal fin commonly elongate, tail equally forked.”— (Rs rInESQuE, Ich. Oh. p. 56.) SCLEROGNATHUS Storer, 1846.— Snout slightly advanced beyound the mouth; the extremity of the mouth is supported, as in the Catostomi, by the intermaxillary, which is furnished in front with a well developed, projecting, cartilaginous ethmoid. The upright branch js long, and of a styloid form, while the horizontal is shortened, and is a mere keel, the inferior edge of which serves merely to support the superior angle cf the mouth. The remainder of the maxillary arch is formed by a fibrous ligament cov- ered by a thin, undilated lip, reduced to a thin and fleshy protuberance. The upper jaw is a wide, very solid bony piece, under which the upper lip is partly drawn; this bone is concealed by the first two suborbitals, being wider and no less advanced than those of-the Catostomi. As to its lips, it is a Leuciscus; but the osteology of its mouth resembles that of the Catostomi. The dorsal is long, like that of the Carps. The head is naked, marked by lines of mucous pores. Pharyngeal teeth comb-like, finer and more equal than those of the Catostomi. The air-bladder is divided into two large lobes; the anterior is large and rounded, with a slight depression at its superior face: the second conical, twice as long as the first and followed by two small lobes; the sec- ond communicates with the esophagus by an air-pipe.’—(Sroremr, Wem. Am. Ac. Arts and Sc. 1846, p. 427; essentially a translation from Valenciennes’s account.) CanRPIODES Agassiz, 1855.—‘ The body is very high and strongly compressed, the narrow ridge on the back forming the outline in front of the dorsal is very much arched, and regularly continuous downwards with the rather steep profile of the head. “The head is short, its height and length differ but little. The snout is short and blunt. The small mouth is entirely inferior, and surrounded by narrow thin lips, which are more or less transversely folded. The lower jaw is short and broad. The pharyngeal bones of Carpiodes are remarkably thin, compresged laterally, with a shal- low furrow along the anterior margin on the side, and another more central one on the outline of the arched surfaces; the teeth are very small, compressed, equally thin along the whole inner edge of the bone, forming a fine comb-like érest of minute serratures ; their cutting edge rises above the inner margin into a prominent point. “The anterior lobe of the long dorsal is slender, its third and fourth rays being pro- longed beyond the following ones into long filaments. The lower fins are all pointed, Bulls NN Me No, 12—13 194 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—III. rather small, and hence different from one another. The ventral ridge of the body is flat. The scales have many narrow, radiating furrows upon the anterior field, and ure more deeply marked, in a straight line, across the lateral fields, or limiting the lateral and posterior fields, hardly any upon the anterior field, the waving of the broader concentric ridges producing only a radiated appearance upon that field. Tube of the lateral line straight and simple, arising in advance of the centre of radiation, which is seated in the centre of form of the scales.”—(AGassiz, Am. Journ, Se, Arts, 1855, p. 189.) CarPiovEs Giinther, 1868.— Distinguished from Sclerognathus (i. e. Bubalichthys and Ichthyobus) by its very thin, compressed pharyngeal bones, which are armed with a comb-like series of nearly equally minute compressed teeth.”—(GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vii, p. 24.) CaRPIODES Cope & Jordan, 1877.—“ Body oblong oval, compressed; dorsal elongate, elevated in front, of 20 or more rays; fontanelle present; pharyngeal bones narrow, with the teeth relatively thin and weak; mouth small, inferior, protractile down- wards.”—(JORDAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 1877, p. 82.) ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF CARPIODES. *Dorsal fin with the anterior rays very much elevated and attenuated, equalling or more usually exceeding the length of the base of the fin. t Muzzle very abruptly obtuse, almost vertically truncate in front. a. Muzzle exceedingly blunt, so that the anterior edge of the mandible is in line with the anterior rim of the orbit, and the maxillary reaches to the anterior edge of the pupil: anterior suborbital deeper than long: head 44 in length: eye quite large, 34 to 4 in head: body arched, the depth somewhat less than half the length: first ray of dorsal nearer muzzle than base of caudal: Seales) 6=30—4 224, ASS VE Oe cedars tact cencldea ces ecce DIFFORMIS, 43. aa. Muzzle notably blunt, but less so than in the preceding: anterior edge of the mandible in advance of the orbit, and the maxillary just reaching the line of the lower rim of the orbit: anterior suborbital bone deeper than long (longer than deep, ‘‘selene”): head 4 times in length: eye smallish, 4} in head: body arched, the depth about 24 in length: anterior rays of dorsal about midway between snout aud base of caudal: scales 7-37-5: D. 26, A. SAV OR ete Sack ame oer cre teraclasieete ae ecetoc aieeiae -----. CUTISANSERINUS, 44. tt Muzzle conic, projecting, obtusely pointed: end of the mandible reaching to oppo- site nostrils: anterior suborbital as deep as long: head 32 in length: eye moderate, 4 to 44 in length of head: body arched above, the depth 2} to 24 in length: first ray of dorsal nearer muzzle than base of caudal: scales 7- S7-OSeD 26 10n 21a (C22 NOONE) eraser meet cetnetenies sieeieicise eee VELIFER, 45. ** Dorsal fin with the anterior rays more or less shortened, their length one-half to two-thirds that of the base of the fin: muzzle more or less conic and pro- jecting. , b. Head loug, contained about 31 times in length to base of caudal: muzzle elon- gate-conic, so that the eye is nearly median, the middle of the length of the head falling in front of its posterior margin: body not much arched; depth 3 in length: anterior rays of dorsal pretty high, not much shorter than the base of the fin, not thickened at base: lips well developed: eye large, 44 in head: scales 7-40-5: D. 27, A. 7, V. 10....-....-. fice acaba oer BISON, 46. CARPIODES CUTISANSERINUS, 195 bb. Head intermediate, its length contained about 4 times (3% to 44) in that of body: anterior rays of dorsal not thickened at base. c. Body stout, short, the back much arched, the depth 24 in length: head 4 to 44 in length, the muzzle moderately pointed: dorsal rays considerably ele- vated, two-thirds as long as base of fin: eye small,-54 in head: tip of lower jaw much in advance of nostrils ; maxillary reaching line of orbit: anterior suborbital large, deep, roundish: origin of dorsal about midway of body: scales rather closely imbricated, 8-39 to 41-6: D. 27, A. 7, V. 10. ‘ THOMPSONI, 47. ce. Body elongate, not much elevated, the depth 2? in length: head 3% to 4, the muzzle prominent but rather bluntish: front scarcely concave above eyes, the profile forming a somewhat uniform curve: eye small, nearly 6 in head: anterior rays of dorsal méderately elevated, nearly three-fourths the length of the fin, the first ray nearly midway between snot and base of eaudalis scales! G—37—5)3 0) 24 for 27pAnc. Vi AO) casos ne dace CYPRINUS, 48. bbb. Head comparatively short, its length contained 43 to 5 times in the length of the body: body more fusiform than in the others, compressed, but not much arched, the depth 2¢ to 3 times in the length: anterior rays of dorsal short, notably thickened and osseous at base, the first ray nearer the end of the muzzle than the base of the caudal fin: eye small, anterior, 44 in head: muzzle short, but projecting much beyond mouth: size largest of the genus. CARPIO, 49. 43. CARPIODES DIFFORMIS Cope. Deformed Carp Sucker. 1870—Carpiodes difformis Corr, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 480. Carpiodes difformis JORDAN, Man. Vert. 297, 1876. Carpiodes difformis JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. Carpiodes difformis JORDAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 72, 1877. Carpiodes difformis JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s First Report Ohio Fish Commission, &, pl. xiii, f. 21, 1877. Carpiodes difformis JORDAN, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9, 50, 1877. Carpiodes difformis JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 321, 1572. Hapitrat.—Ohio Valley ; less common than the other species. ' The only specimen which I have seen of this species was from the Wabash River, in which stream Professor Cope’s original types were collected. No specimens are in the United States National Museum, which, indeed, at present contains very few of the Carp Suckers or Buffalo-fish. 44, CARPIODES CUTISANSERINUS Cope. Long-finned Carp Sucker. Quillback. 1870—Carpiodes cutisanserinus COPE, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 481. Carpiodes cutisanserinus JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. 196 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—IIL. Carpiodes cutisanserinus JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 9, 50, 1877. Carpiodes cutisanserinus JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s Rept. 53, 1876. Carpiodes cutisanserinus JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 321, 1878. 1870—Carpiodes selene COPE, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 481. Carpiodes selene JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List, 158, 1876. Carpiodes selene JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s Rept. 53, 1876. Carpiodes selene JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 321, 1878. 1876—Ichthyobus difformis NeLson, Bull. No. 1, U. S. Nat. Mus. 49, Hasirat.—Mississippi Valley ; generally abundant. This species is closely related to C. velifer, but differs in the abruptly truncate snout, that of velifer being conic. Iam unable to recognize C. selene a®@ a distinct species at present, the form of the anterior sub- orbital being the only distinguishing feature of much importance, an that probably not a constant one. C. cutisanserinus is as abundant in the Ohio as C. velifer, and I have seen many specimens from the Illinois River. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. Collector. S0082 Cumberland River-ce ce ace ceo ace se ence een oesenee A. Winchell. BU0s5a eeeeee OF ee ee ee ner ee ae eee ere ae Do. 45. CARPIODES VELIFER (Rafinesque) Agassiz. Carp Sucker. Skimback. Quillback. Sailor. Sailing Sucker. Spear-fish. 1820—?? Catostomus anisopterus RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh. 45. (Description at second hand and unrecognizable.) 1820—Catostomus velifer RAFINESQUE, Ich. Oh. 56. Catostomus velifer KIRTLAND, Rep. Zool. Ohio, 166, 1838. Carpiodes velifer AGAssiz, Am. Journ. Se. Arts, 2d series, xix, 191, 1855. Carpiodes velifer Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, Phila. 482, 1870. Carpiodes velifer JORDAN, Fishes of Ind. 222, 1875. Carpiodes velifer JORDAN, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. 95, 1876. Carpiodes velifer JoRDAN, Man. Vert. 297, 1876. Carpiodes velifer JORDAN & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. Ichthyobus velifer NELSON, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49, 1876. Carpiodes velifer JORDAN & GILBERT, in Klippart’s First Report Ohio Fish Commission, 87, 1877. Carpiodcs velifer JORDAN, Buli. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 34, 1877. ~ Carpiodes velifer JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2d, 321, 1878. CARPIODES BISON. 197 1846—Sclerognathus cyprinus KirTLAND, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. v, 275. (In part; not of C. & V.) Hapirat.—Western streams and lakes (Cayuga Lake, New York, to Mississippi River). This species is quite abundant in the Obio River, and I have seen specimens not evidently distinguishable, from Lake Erie and from other waters tributary to the Great Lakes. Indiscriminately with C. cutis- anserinus, it is known to the fishermen as Quillback, Skimback, ete., the lower-finned species being called rather ‘‘Carp”. Most of the synonymy above quoted includes several species, the true velifer being first distinguished by Professor Cope. Rafinesque’s anisopterus I bring inte the synonymy of this species, simply to refer to it somewhere. It is really unidentifiable. Kirtland’s Sclerognathus cyprinus refers most to this species, but his figure represents no known fish. “The head is too small, and the form, ete., incorrect. Specimens in United States National Museum. Number. Locality. : ~ Collector. BOG. |} Cayucailake: New YOrk vats. ate ee ate 41, 47 Aphouaderus\sss--)isn a=) ae 4 el 41, 47, 89 APOMOLIS), [225 Wee ccee ens osnsa sess 76, 89 arzeopus (Catostomus) ......-.---- 160, 173 ardens (uythrurus) .---.-<-..-=-- 723, 85 argenteus (Ammoccetes).----- ena 37 argyritis (Hybognathus) .....----- 16, 84 asiaticns (Carpiodes) ----.----)---- 102, 217 asiaticus (Myxocyprinus) .----- 102, 217 aspuo, (ALVOrdims)t oes coeiemc ee ae 03 AGHOLINIG Ey s amjareasms cia soceeee ee 61, 76 atherinoides (Notropis).-.--..----. 64, 73 atrilatus (Zygonectes)...----....-. 84 atripinnis (Arlina) .2.- 2.222225... 73 atripinnis (Ulocentra) .....-.....-.- 73, 82 atrouasus (Rhinichthys).-....------ 85 aurantiacus (Hadropterus)..... ---. 58, &2 aureola (Moxostoma).....----.---- 125 .aureolum (Moxostoma).---.--- Seca leo aureolum (Myxostoma)..100, 101, 116, 124 aureolus (Catostomus)-..100, 124, 125, 167 aureolus (Ptychostomus).....-.-.-- 125 aureus (Hupomotis)..---.--....-.. 15 auritus (Lepiopomus).. .---.-- 15, 36, 40, 83 aurora (Acomus)-.-..--.---------- 176 aurora (Catostomus)--.....--.---- 101, 176 bairdii (Potamocottus) .........--- 82 bardus (Minomus) ....---....----184, 186 bardus (Bantosteus)-),--=-- ---- ---1 184 bernardini (Catostomus) ....-..-.102, 172 biguttatus (Ceratichthys).. 26, 33, 38, 43, 63, 79, 86 bison (Carpiodes) - ..-. .69, 86, 101, 194, 197 blennioides (Diplesium) .-.-..---- 58, 73, 82 blennioides (Etheostoma) ..---.--- a3 Boleichthyseeseseeasse ssa aa aera 45, 89 IBoleosOMa@eee sien sete 13, 34, 58, 75, 89 bombifrons (Lepiopomus) ..-.---- - 60, 83 bonasus (Bubalichthys).----- 101, 2U9, 214 bostoniensis (Catostomus) ....-.-- 100, 166 breviceps (Moxostoma)..--..------ 127 breviceps (Myxostoma)......---..- 127 232 INDEX, Page. Page. breviceps (Ptychostomus) .... ---. 102, 127 | cervinus (Ptychostomus) .........-. 129 breviceps (Teretulus)..---..--..--. 127 | cervinus (Teretulus) .....---..--2 102, 129 brevipinne (Boleosoma).- .-..------ 58 | Chenobryttus -......-.-.15, 35, 46, 60, 89 brunneus (Amiurus). ....-.-.28, 39, 44, 87 | Chasmistes ...--..----.-. 103, 149, 150, 219 Buabalichthyine@.;..=2.¢ 2. esete eae YI | chiliticus (Hydrophlox) ...--..-..-.- 8&5 Bubalichthys-.55, 69, 90, 104, 201, 203, 205 | chloristia (Codoma)...---...-..--- 21 So bubalinus (Bubalichthys).-.-...-- 103, 206 | chlorocephalus (Alburnops).. ..---- 19, 85 bubalus (Amblodon)..-..-.--...--. 211, 214 | chlorocephalus (Hybopsis) .-.----...- 19 bubalus (Bubalichthys)..101, 102, 205, 206 | chloropteron (Catostomus) ------- 102, 167 bubalus (Catostomus) ...-... 100, 206, 214) Chologaster is.-2) 2223022 26 sees 89 bubalus (Ichthyobus).86, 100, 101, 102,214 | Chrosomus..... ........----.-. 65, 79, 90 buccata (Bricymba)-2---2: 2-5-2. - 84 | chrosomus (Hybopsis) .---.....--.. 49 bucco (Ptychostomus) -..-.---.---- 102, 133 | chrosomus (Hydrophlox) ..---..---. 49, 85 bnecos@feretulus) peas oa eer 133 | chrysochloris (Pomolobus) ...... 62, 77, 84 bullaris (Semotilus)..--.........-- 86 | chrysoleucus (Notemigonus).....53, 67, 79 callisoma (Codoma) -.-.-..----. ...: 37,85 | chrysops (Roceus) .-.-..--- ESAS 83 callisema (Episema)...-....-.----- 37 | cinerea (Etheostoma) .....-.-.---. 59, 83 callistia (Codoma))s-2---.----=-— -=-- 90; 85 } clarki (Catostomus) --=+--.-.....-- 159, 165 callistius (Photogenis) -.---.----.- HOG elarki(@Minomus) "= - see ees sees 165 GAMA CANTER) seca arse lattes tm lot areal 70, 87 | claviformis (Krimyzon)..--..--.-.- 146 campbelli (Erimyzon)..--- shigeesete 146 | claviformis (Moxostoma)....-.--- 101, 146 campbelli (Moxostoma) ..-.-. .--- 102, 146" /"Clinostomus'-- 2-22-2212 2-=e~ wea 24, 66 Campostomar 222-2. 2216, 43; 49; 63;77, 90: | Clapeides 2220. fo oe = eee eee 62, 77 eamura (Vaillantia)-.-.2--.. -22-- 89 | coccogenis (Luxilus) .-.......--. 31, 64, 85 camurus (Nothonotus) .-----..---. DA ,O2) | OOCOMalacca = sse= ses 20, 37, 42, 50, 90 canadense (Stizostethium) .--..-.-- &3: | esrulea (Codoma) 1.722522. oe2 222% 85 caprodes (Percina)....-.----. 45, 57, 73, 82 | eceerulea (Erogala) ..-.-. Soke 51 carinatus (Placopharynx). .69, 86, 102, 107, | collapsus (Ptychostomus) -....---. 102, 132 108, 109 | commersoni (Catostomus)- ..27, 69, 80, 86, carpio (Carpiodes) .. -.86, 100, 102, 195, 200 100, 166 carpio (Catostomus)...-.. 10, 101, 118, 200 | commersonien (Le Cyprin)-.----- 100, 166 carpio (Ichthyobus).....--..------ 200°| communis (Catostomus) ..---. 80, 100, 166 carpio (Moxostoma).......----.--- 119 | congesta (Myxostomua) ..---.--.--. 133 carpio (Myxostoma)...... 101, 115, 118,119 | congestum (Myxostoma)..... 101, 118, 138 carpio (Ptychostomus) ......--- -.--- 118 | congestus (Catostomus) .---...--.. 133 carpio (Teretulus) .......--..------ 119 | congestus (Ptychostomus) ..-.-.-.. 120, 133 Carpiodes. . ..55, 69, 80, 90, 120, 193, 201,217 | congestus (Teretulus).----.-.---.- 133 catenatum (Xenisma) ..........- 62,77, 84 | copelandi (Rheocrypta) ------..--- 82 Catostomida - ..26, 33, 38, 43, 54, 68, 80, 97, | Copelandia -.------..----.-------- 89 93, 103 | Coregonus..---.---.-------------- 89 REPRO GIMATID ce ee ee 9g | coregonus (Myxostoma), 26, 86,102, 118,134 Catostomus..... 27, 33, 54, 69, 80, 103, 110, | Coregonus (Ptychostomus) -.--..- 102, 134 136, 140, 151, 153, 154, 155, 158, 10, | cornutus (Luxilus) ..---.-.----. 49, 64, 78 201, 219 | corporalis (Semotilus), 26, 38, 54, 68, 30, 86 catostomus(Cyprinus)......-. 166,175,193 | conus (Myxostoma) ....-.- 86, 102, 116, 126 catostomus (Phenacobius) ........----.53 | conus (Ptychostomus) -.----.---- 102, 126 cavifrons (Ambloplites).........--. 83° | conus (Teretulus)...-------------- 126 Ceutrarchidz...-.. 15, 30, 35, 40, 46, 60,75 | Cottida....-.---.----.---------- 47, 57,73 Gentranchnsee caus sees cesses 36, 47, 89 | crassilabre (Myxostoma)-.86, 102, 116, 126 cepedianum (Dorosoma) ....-...--. 49, 63 | crassilabris (Ptychostomus)...--.. 102, 126 Ceratichthys. ..24, 32, 38, 43, 58, 67, 79, 90 | crassilabris (Teretulus) .....------ 126 cervinum (Moxostoma)’.......---.---- 129 | crassus (Alvordius) ..........-.--- 12, 82 cervinum (Myxostoma).. 26, 33, 38, 43, 86, | crassus (Esox).-...--.------------ 62, 84 102, 117, 129 | Cristivomer ...-.....-.. ------ --46 59 INDEX. 233 Page. | Page. cupreus (Amiurus natalis)..--..--. 70) cos: (Bolerchthys) ices. ----.5-e-)- === 83 cutisanserinus (Carpiodes) -...80, 86, 102, | Episema........---..--.-.---.---- 64, 90, GAS Oo sa OGu |p hin COS Mdieerisse eee aia aioe eler as 88 cyanellus (Apomotis) -..---.-.----. 6, 83 | Ericymba...--. pera tae Bh hee yee ae 90 eyanellus (Bubalichthys).. ..------ 86 | Erimyzon, 27, 58, 43, 54, 69, 80, 90, 103, 136, cyanellus (Ichthyobus) ...--.---. 102, 206 140, 143 Dey GLOPNINES) Hoe... c on fb aSeeigg seek Se i Bro galeh...cosse--15 = 178 heterodon (Hemitremia)-..---..--- 85 | latipinnis (Catostomus) -. 101, 102, 162, 178 heterurum (Dorosomacepediannm). 49, 77 | Lepidosteidz ........-. -- 29, 44, 55, 71, BL hieroglyphicus (Zygonectes) ..---.- 48, 84 | Lepidosteus ..---.-.-- 29, 44, 55, 71, 81, 90 hirudo (Ammoceetes).-.... .-..-.-.- 87 | Lepiopomus. ...-..15, 36, 40, 46, 60, 76, 89 Hudsonius...---..-.----------- -19, 36,90 | leptacanthus (Noturus) .-...--... 44, 55, 87 hudsonius (Catostomus). 100, 166, 175, 176 | lesueurii (Catostomus) ..------.-- 100, 125 hyalinus (Ceratichthys)..-...-.--. 53, 63 | leucioda (Episema) ..-.-...--.---. 64, 85 bornatbus. 5 2s sore sean eleae 16, 90 | leucops (Photogenis) ....-....----- 23 Hyborhynchus .......----.-----63, 78, 90 | leucopus (Photogenis)-.----..-..-- 41, 84 Hydrophlox ....-..-.-18, 32, 36, 49, 64, 90 | limi (Melanura)..--.-..----.------- 84 Ey LOM ZONE ney setere ear scaaeei sae 151, 156 | lineolatum (Etheostoma)........-- 83 iivod ones ssuctsce sane sceser. AS./62), 77, 89) | Iiorns|(Chasniistes) 22:----4-25----) weld Myodontideen-ceos eat AB 1G2077 1 linus (Notopis)|\.2s=--)- aces sesso Ooneo -Hypentelium .....-. ISP SS aloo wloTeaose| MiaibhOlepisese=atsssel== seni = eae 90 hypselopterus (Leuciscus) .....---- 42 | longiceps (Hybopsis)..---..-..---. 64 hypsinotus (Ceratichtbys) ..-----..---- 25 | longirostris (Catostomus), 86, 100, 102, 161, Techthzelurus: -- ..--383, 39, 43) 55, 69; 815.90 175 KelithbyOvuS -s-<2- == 90, 104, 211, 213, 214 | longivostrum (Catostomus) ......-100,175 MG HODUS heoccwise es Onis eclere eeeeee DM SOUS Wotarcnes tees seeker cee er meeee. 838 NMOS UOM Aeon s a= eee eee 88 | lunatus (Rhinichtbys) -.-..-....-- 67 inconstans (Eucalia) .............- 83 | lutipinnis (Hydrophlox)..... --... 36, 85 inscriptus (Notbonotus) -.-...----. 34,02: | MeURTUS -< eeeeeee es cee 18, 31, 49, 64, 78, 90 inscriptus (Xenotis) .-.---.----- 46, 61, 83 | lythrochloris (Xenotis)...---..-..-. 83 insigne (Catostomus) ...--..---... Gd: |) by bhrurns\oaeee sero aches oo Sores 78, 90 insignis (Catostomus).-...-.-. 101, 159, 165 | macrecephalus (Alvordius) -. ..---- 82 insignis (Minomus) ...-.-.--..-..- 165 | macrochilus (Catostomus).. ..102. 160, 171 IOSiPnis | |CNOFULUS)) 22 o-— fon m inh Sele 29, 87 | macrochirus (Lepiopomus) ....---- 83 jnterrupta (Morone).....-.....---- 83 | macrolepidota (Myxostoma).....-- 120 PG ater aera Neate aise nace ne mrt 88 | macrolepidotum (Moxostoma) . ---- 120 irideus (Centrarchus) ...-.....---- 47, 83 | macrolepidotum. (Myxostoma), 54, 68, 80, ischanus (Notemigonus) ...--.-.--- 24, 38 86, 101, 102, 115, 116, 120, 124 ischyrus (Ichthyobus) -.-.--. 102, 215, 217 |. macrolepidotum (Teretulus)....--. 120 ischyrus (Lepiopomus) .----...---. 83 | macrolepidotus (Catostomus), 100, 120, 125 JaLLrovil (MiInomus) sce se =. = =< 102, 183 | macrolepidotus (Ptychostomus)..-. 120 jarrovii (Pantosteus)...--......... 183 | macropterum (Exoglossum) .. .. ..100, 163 INDEX. 235 Page. Page. macwpterum (Hypentelium) ..-.... 163, | niger (Catostomus) ...-..---..--.- 2C9 macropterus (Centrarchus)..-...---- 36, 83 | nigrescens (Cycleptus).-. .-..100, 186, 190 maculaticeps (Arlina) ...--.-..--.- 13 | nigricans (Amiurus)..-.-....-..-.- 81, 87 macniaticeps (Boleosoma)..-..----- 13, 34 | nigricans (Catostomus), 33, 54, 69, 30, 100, maculatum (Boleosoma)--.-...--.-- 58, 82 101, 158, 159, 162, 163, 167 maculatum (Etheostoma) .----.--- 12 | nigricans (Hylomyzon)--.---..-.-.--- 162 maculatus (Alvordius)..-.....-..58, 73, 82 | nigricans (Hypentelium).----- 86, 162, 163 maculatus (Hadropterus).....-..-- 58 | nigrofasciatus (Hadropterus) --.30, 34, 40, maculatus (Nothonotus)..--.-.---- 82 45, 82 maculosus (Acipenser)----..------- 71, 87 | nigromaculatus (Pomoxys) ...----- 47, 76 maculosus (Catostomus) .....---.100, 163 | niveiventris (Amiurus) ...--..----. 87 Manto (Percina)). 2b cies NE PERO OBIS ara = asapo)=1paisisialdiar as oie aie 89 migeri(Ammoccetes))-..-.-.-0<. 648. Leucas martinicensis, R. Br. Fl. March-Noy. A weed, common in gardens and along roads.—St. Croix. 649. Leonotis nepetefolia, R. Br. (v. Hollow Stock). Fl. all the year round. Corolla sometimes white. Gregarious, a very common weed everywhere.—All islands. 650. Mentha aquatica, L,(v. Mint). Not seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets, gregarious.—St. Croix (Caledonia). [Cultivated species: Rosmarinus officinalis, L. (v. Rosemary), Thymyvs vulgaris, L. (v. Thyme), and Origanwm Majorana, L. (v. Sweet Marjoram Tea).| FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 83 VERBENACE#. 651. Priva echinata, Juss. Fl. all the year round. Corolla expanded till10 A.M. A common weed along roads and in gardens.—AlII islands. 652. Bouchea Ehrenbergii, Cham. Fl. Dec.—May. Gregarious along roads and in dry localities, com- mon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 653. Stachytarpha jamaicensis, V. (v. Vervain). Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded till noon. Pollen 3-4- branched, stellate. Leaves used against fever. Very common along roads and ditches.—AII islands. 654. S. strigosa, Vahl. St. Thomas (Ehrenb. sec. DC. Prodr. xi, 564; Gris. Fl. p. 494). 655. Lippia nodiflora, Rich. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious in moist localities, not uncom- mon.—St. Croix (La Reine, Fair Plain). 656. Lantana Camara, L. (v. Sage). Fl. all the year round. Berry considered to be poisonous. On dry hills, very common.—AlI islands. i 657. L. polyacantha, Schauer (DC. Prodr. xi, 597) (L. scabrida, Ait.). Fl. all the year round. In dry localities, here and there.—St. Croix (St. George); St. Thomas (Solberg). 658. L. involucrata, L. Fl. all the year round. Corolla and berry violet. In thickets, com- mun, especially on limestone.—A1I islands. 659. L. reticulata, Pers. Fl. all the yearround. On limestone, rare.—St. Croix, in stony ground (King’s Hill). 660. Citharexylum quadrangulare, Jacq. (v. Fiddlewood, Susanna). Fl. July-Sept. In forests, not uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 661. C. cinereum, L. (v. Susanna). FI). July-Deec. Leaves of both these species becoming red in Feb., and dropping off at the same time that the new ones make their appear- ance. On young radical shoots the leaves are linear and deeply serrate. The wood is quite useless, even for firewood. In dry thickets and for- ests, common, often gregarious.—All islands. 84 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 662. C. villosum, Jacq. (Icon. Var. t. 118). St. Thomas (Schlecht., Bertero, Duchass. sec. Gris. Syst. Unt.). 663. Duranta Plumieri, Jacq. Fl. May—Dee. Along roads and in thickets, common.—All islands. 664. Callicarpa reticulata, Sw. St. Croix (West, p. 269). 665. Agiphila martinicensis, Jacq. Fl. Aug.—Jan. Flowers often heterostylous. In forests, commou.— St. Croix. 666. Clerodendron aculeatum, L. (v. Chuc-chuc). Fl. all the year round. Common on dry hills and in marshy soil.— All islands. 667. C. fragrans, W. Fl. all the year round. Long creeping rhizome. Gregarious on high hills in shady places, naturalized.—St. Thomas (Dorothea, Liliendal). 668. Petitia domingensis, Jacq. a). Fl. May—-Sept. Leaves often ternate. Drupe commonly 4-loculate. A tree up to 50’ high. In forests, not uncommon.—St. Croix (Caledo- nia, Punch, Wills Bay). 669. Vitex divaricata, Sw. Fl. May-July. Filaments glandular-pilose. A low tree, here and there in forests.—St. Croix (Caledonia, Wills Bay); St. Thomas (Crown); St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 670. Avicennia nitida, Jacq. Fl. all the year round. Upper surface of leaves always covered with small salt crystals. Along the seashore and lagoons, common.—All islands. 671. A. tomentosa, Jacq. St. Croix (West, p. 269); St. Thomas (Schl.). [Cultivated species: Verbena chameedrifolia, Juss., in several varie- ties, Petrea volubilis, Jacq. (v. Wreath-plant), Aloysia citriodora, Ortega (v. Lemon-scented Verbena), Vitex Agnus-castus, L. (v. Wild Black Pep- per), and Holmskjoldia sanguinea, Retz.] MYOPORACE XE. 672. Bontia daphnoides, L. (vy. White Alling). Fl. all the year round. On sandy shores.—St. Croix (rare, Turner’s Hole); Virgin Islands (not uncommon). : FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLATDS. 85 ® PLANTAGINACEZ. 673. Plantago major, L. #) tropica (v. English Plantain). F]. Jan.—March. Proterogynous. Leaves used against inflammation of the eyes. PLUMBAGINACEZ. 674. Plumbago scandens, Thunb. (vy. Blister-leaf). Fl. all the year round. Leaves used as blisters. In thickets and forests, common.—All islands. [Cultivated species: P. capensis, Thunb. | PHYTOLACCACEX. 675. Suriana maritima, L. Fl. June-Dee. Stamens mostly 10. Filaments pilose. On sandy shores, not uncommon.—All islands. 676. Microtea debilis, Sw. FJ. July-Sept. In shady places, rare.—St. Croix (Spring Garden, Wills Bay). 677. Rivina levis, L. (v. Snake-bush, Stark mahart). a) and () pubescens. Fl. all the year round. A common weed everywhere, both forms.— All islands. 678. R. octandra, L. Fl. Feb.Aug. Pedicel and calyx becoming reddish-brown as well as the fruit. Stamens in two whorls, mostly 12. In thickets and forests, common.—All islands. 679. Petiveria alliacea, L. (v. Gully-root). Fl. all the year round. A very common weed everywhere.—All islands. CHENOPODIACEZ. 680. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. Fl. March. In waste places and on walls, here and there.—St. Croix (Fredriksted) ; St. Jan (Cruz Bay). 681. Ch. murale, L. Fl. JanMay. On walls, uncommon, naturalized.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. Fl. March-Aug. On sandy shores, uncommon.—St. Thomas (Water Bay); St. Jan; St. Croix (Schl.). 86 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 683. Boussingaultia baselloides, Kth. (Bot. Mag. t. 3620). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and cultivated.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 684. Batis maritima, L. Fl. all the year round. Gregarious along the coast of lagoons, com- mon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. [Cultivated species: Beta vulgaris, L. (v. Red Beet).| AMARANTWTACE A. 685. Celosia argentea, L. (C. margariiacca, L.). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized around dwellings.—St. Thomas ; St. Croix (West, p. 277). 686. C. nitida, Vahl. Fl. all the year round. In forests and thickets, not uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 687. Chamissoa altissima, Kth. Fl. Dec.-March. In forests, here and there.—St. Croix (Lebanon Hill); St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 688. Achyranthes aspera, L. a) argentea, Lam. 3) obtusifolia, Lam. Fl. Dec.—March. In thickets and on waste places, common.—aAll islands. 689. Gomphrena globosa, Li (v. Bachelor’s Button). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings.— All islands. 690. Iresine elatior, Rich. Fl. Sept.-_March. Uppermost leaves always alternate. In thickets, common.—All islands. 691. Philoxerus vermiculatus, R. Br. (v. Bay-flower). Fl. all the year round. Along the coast, very common, gregarious.— All islands. 692. Alternanthera polygonoides, I. Br. a). Fl. all the year round. In sandy places, common.—All islands. 693. A. ficoidea, R. Br. Fl. all the year round. In moist localities, uncommon.—St. Thomas (Haulover). 694. A. Achyrantha, R. Br. Fl. March-Aug. Among rocks and stones, here and there.—St. Croix, St. Thomas (Schl.). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 87 695. Amblogyne polygonoides. Raf. Fl. all the year round: ¢ flowers very few. In sandy places near the coast, common.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 696. Scleropus amarantoides, Schrad. Fl. all the year round. Leaves often discoloured with white cross- stripes. In sandy localities, common.—AII islands. 697. Euxolus caudatus, Moq. F). all the year round. In waste places, common.—aAlIl islands. 698. E. oleraceus, Mogq. (v. Lumbo). Fl]. all the year round. Near dwellings, common.—All islands. 699. Amarantus spinosus, L. Fl. Jan—April. Near rivulets and ditches, uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 700. A. tristis, L. 701. A. paniculatus, L. (v. Bower). I. all the year round. A troublesome weed on account of its long tap-root. Common everywhere.—A1ll islands. NYCTAGINACE ZX. 702. Mirabilis Jalapa, L. (v. Four-o’clock). Vl. all the year round. Flower expanded from 4 P. M., purple, yellow, or pink. Around dwellings, common.—All islands. 703. Boerhaavia erecta, L. Fl. Dee._Feb. Along ditches and in pastures, uncommon.—sSt. Croix (Mt. Stewart). 704. B. paniculata, Rich. (v. Batta-batta). Fl. all the year round. Calyx often transformed into a hollow mon- strosity by the larva of a wasp. A very common weed.—AIl islands. 705. Pisonia aculeata, L. Fl. Feb.—April. In forests, common.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 706. P. subcordata, Sw. (v. Mampoo, Loblolly). Fl. April-June. Leaves partly deciduous. Wood useless for timber and fuel. Along coasts, common, growing to a large tree.—AII islands. 707. P. inermis, Jacq. Fl. April-May. Leaves on the young branches whorled. In forests, common.— All islands. [Cultivated species: Bougainvillea spectabilis, Willd. | 88 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. POLYGONACE A. 708. Coccoloba uvifera, Jacq. (v. Sea-grape). Fl. July—Dec. Wood hard, dark purple, used for ship-building. On the sandy seashore, common. Sometimes in the interior as high up as 1200/.—All islands. 709. C. leoganensis, Jacq. Fl. May-July. Flowers in fascicles of 3-4, of which, however, one only bears fruit. Drupe oval, violet, 4” long. On sandy shores, rare.— St. Croix (Sandy Point). 710. C. rugosa, Desf. (DC. Prodr. xiv, 152; Bot. Mag. t. 4536). St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. 1. ¢.). 711. C. laurifolia, Jacq. (Hort. Scheenbr. iii, p. 9, t. 267). Fl. March-July. Leaves deciduous April to May. Fruit purplish, pointed at both ends. In thickets, here and there.—St. Croix (Sandy Point, Hard Labour). 712. C. diversifolia, Jacq. Fl. May-July. 6/-8’ high. Along the coast, uncommon.—St. Croix (La Vallée, Claremont). 713. C. obtusifolia, Jacq. St. Croix (West, p. 281). 714. C. punctata, Jacq. a) Jacquinii, 3) barbadensis, Jacq., )) parvifolia (v. Red wood, Roehout), y) microstachya, W. Fl. Aug.—Dec. a) leaves as much as 1}/ long. A shrub or low tree. 0) and 7) common; a) and ’) uncommon.—aAll islands. 715. C. nivea, Jacq. Fj. June-Sept. Flowers delicately odorous. Fruit white when ripe. In forests, not uncommon.—AI]I islands. (C. Klotzschiana, Meissn., and C. Kunthiana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. xiv, 155 and 166), are said to have been found in St. Thomas, but they are both very doubtful species, founded on single specimens, and have therefore been here omitted.) [Cultivated species: Antigonon cordatum, Mart. & Galeotti (v. Mexican Wreath-plant), and Rumex vesicarius, L.] LAURACEX. 716. Cinnamomum zeilanicum, Bl. Fl. April-May. Naturalized in a few places in shady valleys—St. Croix (Crequis). FLORA OF ST CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 89 717. Phebe antillana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. xv, i, p. 31). y) cubensis. St. Croix (West in Hb. Petrop. sec. DC. 1. c.). (Ph. montana, Gris., said by Meissn. (DC. Prodr. 1. ¢ p. 256) to be synonymous with Laurus longifolia, Vahl, mentioned by West, p. 2-2, as a new species from St. Croix, ought perhaps to be added to this list; but as the specimens seen by me in Hb. Havn. as Lawrus longifolia, Vahl, do not agree with Grisebach’s, I prefer to omit the species here, as being doubtful.) | 718. Persea gratissima, Gaertn. (v. Alligator Pear). Fl. March-May. Stamens, 9 perfect, 3 less perfect and sterile, 6 rudi- mentary. The fruit is a favourite vegetable. In gardens.—All islands. 719. Hufelandia pendula, Ns. (H. Thomea, Nees). St. Thomas (sec. DC. Prodr. 1. c. p. 65, Hb. Kunth!). 720. Acrodiclidium salicifolium, Gris. Fl. May-—Aug. In forests, here and there.—St. Croix (Wills Bay, Spring-gut). 721. Nectandra coriacea, Gris. Fl. May—Aug. In forests, rare.—St. Thomas (Soldier Bay); St. Jan (Hb. Hayn.). 722. NW. membranacea, Gris. Fl. June. In dense forests, uncommon.—St. Croix (Wills Bay); St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 723. W. antillana, Meissn. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 153) (N. leucantha, Gris.). Fl. May-June. In forests, not uncommon. Fragrant.—AlIl islands. 724. Oreodaphne leucoxylon, Nees. Fl. July. In dense forests on high hills, uncommon.—St. Thomas (Signal Hill) (Montserrat, Ryan in Hb. Havn.). 725. Cassyta americana, L. Fl. March-April. Inflorescence often branched. On Manchineel and Acacia trees along the seashore, here and there.—St. Croix (Cotton Grove); St. Thomas (Water Bay); Vieques (Hb. Havn.). THYMELZACEX. 726. Daphnopsis caribeza, Gris. Fl. July and Deec.—March. In forests, not uncommon.—St. Thomas (Flag Hill, Signal Hill). 90 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS EUPHORBIACEZ. 727. Buxus Vahiii, Baill. (DC. Prodr. xvi,i, p. 16) (Zricera lavigata, Sw., var. Sanctw- Crucis, Eggers in Fl. St. Crucis, p. 111). Fl. June-Oct. On limestone, rare.—St. Croix (Stony Ground). 728. Savia sessiliflora, W. (Spec. Plant. iv, p. 771). Fl. June-Dec. In thickets on dry hills, not uncommon.—All islands. 729. Phyllanthus acuminatus, Vahl (Symb. Bot. ii, 95). St. Thomas (Herb. DC. sec. DC. Prodr. xv, ii, 381). Wahl, however, gives only Cayenne (Rohr) as habitat. 730. Ph. Niruri, L. (v. Creole Chinine). FI. all the year round. Very common in gardens and along roads.— All islands. 731. Ph. distichus, Miill. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 413) (Cicea, L.) (v. Gooseberry). F]. June-Sept. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized near dwell- ings.—All islands. 732. Ph. nobilis, Miill. (1. c. 415). 7) Antillana (Cicca, Juss.) (v.Gongora-hout). * Fl. July, and afterwards precocious in Dec._Jan. In forests, not un- common.—Al] islands. 733. Ph. falcatus, Sw. (v. Boxwood). FI. all the year round. In marshy soil, not uncommon.—Vieques. 734. Securinega acidothamnus, Miill. (1. ¢. 451) (Pliiggea, Gris. ). ‘Fi. May-June. In thickets, not uncommon.—St. Croix (eastern part of the island). (I have adopted Miiller’s generic name, Fliiggea being an older name for a genus of Ophiopogonee established by L. C. Richard.) 735. Drypetes levigaia, Gris. ined. (xcwcaria polyandra, Gris. Cat. Pl. Cub. p. 20, & Diagnos. neuer Euphorb. p. 120). Fl. Sept. $. I have not found the female flower nor fruit, and am therefore not able to supply the deficiency in this respect in Grise- bach’s Diagnosis.—St. Croix (Fair Plain); St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 736. D. glauca, Vahl. St. Croix (Hb. Havn. Ryan, Rohr; ‘“ Hollow berry of Bugby Hole”) (Montserrat, Ryan in Hb. Havn.). 737. Croton astroites, Ait. (v. White Maran). Fl. Dec.—July. Style 16-branched. In dry thickets, very common.— All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. i 738. C. betulinus, Vahl (Symb. Bot. ii, p. 98). Fl. all the year round. A low shrub, brownish. Common in thick- ets.—All islands. 739. C. flavens, L.(v. Maran). Fl. all the year round. Gregarious on dry hills, also as secondary growth ; very common, and a troublesome shrubby weed.—AIl islands. 740. C. discolor, Willd. (Spec. Plant. iv, 352) (C. balsamifer, L.). Fl. all the year round. Along roads in dry localities, common.—St. Croix (eastern part of the island); St. Thomas (Hb. Thunb. see. DC. Prodr. 1: ¢: p. 615). 741. C. oval folius, West. Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in waste places, very com- mon.—AII islands. 742. C.lobatus, L. Fl. March-Dec. In the same places as the preceding, very common.— All islands. 743. C. humilis, L. St. Thomas (Bertero sec. DC. Prodr. 1. ¢. 670). (An arboreous as yet undetermined Crotonea, not found in blossom, occurs in a few specimens on Flag Hill in St. Thomas.) 744. Aleurites Moluccana, Willd. (Spec. Plant. iv, 590) (4. triloba, Forst.) (v. | Walnut). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized near dwellings and in gardens.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. 745. Ricinella pedunculosa, Miill. (Linnea, xxxiv, 153) (Adelia Ricinella, L.). Fl. March-May, precocious. Always very spiny. In dry thickets, not uncommon.—A1l islands. 746. Argyrothamnia fasciculata, Miili. (Linnea, 1. c. 146) (Ditazis, Schl.). Fl. Jan._May and Sept. In thickets, not uncommon.—ALII islands. 747. A. candicans, Miill. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 741) (Argythamnia, Sw.). Fl. Sept.-April. Capsule dark blue; seeds verrucose. In thickets, common.—aAll islands. 748. Acalypha chamedrifolia, Miill. (1. c. 879). (6) genuina (4. reptans, Sw.), y) brevipes. Fl. all the year round; female flowers developing gradually. Bracts persistent after dissemination. On rocks and in crevices, not uncom- mon.—St. Croix (#); St. Thomas (). 92 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 749. Tragia volubilis, L. (v. Nettle, Bran-nettle). Fl. Feb., Sept. Male flowers often transformed into a globose mon. strosity. The plant is believed by the negroes to give them luck in marketing. In thickets and along roads, common.—All islands. 750. Ricinus communis, L. a) (v. Castor-oil trec). Fl. all the year round. Seeds used for pressing castor-oil. Natural- ized on waste places, common.—AII islands. 751. Manihot utilissima, Pohl (Plant. Bras. i, 32) (v. Cassava). Fl. March-May. Root used for manufacturing starch and flour, which is made up into flat, thin cakes (bambam). Naturalized and culti- vated.—All islands. 752. Jatropha Curcas, L. (vy. French Physic-nut, Skitnetchi). Fl. all the year round. Seeds very drastic. A low tree, often planted on graves. Naturalized near dwellings, common.—AlII islands. 753. J. gossypiifolia, L. (v. Physic-nut). a) staphysagriefolia, 3) elegans. Fl. all the year round. The whole plant has a disagreeable smell. Suffrutescent, 1/-4/ high. A troublesome weed near dwellings and in fields. Very common everywhere.—All islands. 754. J. multifida, L. (v. Coral-bush). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 755. Sebastiania lucida, Miill. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 1181) (Hxcecaria, Sw.). Fl. Feb—June. . 23-222. tani Saas = - 31 Adenanthera pavonina -.-...........-..----- 48 PNCIAT HM PALO oe creimels ce ears eee sees =e 115 IntermedinmM |. s.3/ssete ve see Se 115 microphiyliomes seco ----8 oo eee 115 CIOL Ee erties ete ete tte 115 alle eta anbbeucoosedouaHosesdes 115 Aigiphila martinicensis............--..----- 84 Aischynomene americana......--.....-.---- 42 PAP abL STAMCMOLA 5 ace = scineisiamee a2 cease 42 TAY OAM CLICAN Ms. Heie\e.ncie cisioeise see ee 109 SOboliera tet tr Oen eee ah ee 109 Ageratum conyzoides ................-..--- 63 Aleurites Moluccana ...-.:-+..2-.--.-0.-ce: 91 PASIGES MLA CHAD) 3 ote 0 =. Sn 2.cjas,5c) 00s cc res ree ee 97 Allamanda cathartica ......-.--+.----..2--- 70 PT ADOT CAL etcetnya ae ate cisa\acene a eeieie eee eee 89 PAULING WRILO= janeeisineisinie=.aicisin-eeieinie eee 84 PALUVUIT JUSLULOSUDY 2.2 ain n= es «Seam eo 102 32S 110 PATTON OSs nce er eiienisieneie eee eee ene sect 45 PAMINONC-PLCO2 oi ,< (c/a sinicaiaciteecie ee ER oes oem 54 PAN OO UL SATIS orice eines neaeiae an eeele ae 109 PAN OU SUA CITTOMONG annie cae eicemine cao sie eis 84 PAU HULU = Ae aie Seine een wciins cae 112 Alternanthera Achyrantha................. ACOIdGa eo -mslsie a sere oc 86 polygonoides ................ 86 ANGE OORT REPS aCOREEE EO REALE SORE Ea Ee Ee 31 Alysicarpus vaginalis .....--.-.....--.---<- 43 PAUVIPAURCAUN IVA CHAU ee 8-2 28. cccee sss se 86 Amarantus paniculatus ...-...............- 87 BDIMOSTISS meres eee tye ae ctaeans 87 ULISHIB maser at ceo ee Seu 87 PNITEUE OU aren oA emcee eee ciate 82 Chas ie 48 | Amaryllis equestris Amblogyne poly gonoides | Anthurium cordifolium Amaretsteckel tubispatha Ambrosia artemisizfolia AMENTACEZ AMIVTIS SY] VANLCA Sao sce secs ecisanssaceees Sees Anacardium occidentale Anamomis punctata Ananassa sativa Andropogon saccharoides Scheenanthus Anethum graveolens Anguria glomerata trilobata Anise palustris reticulata squamosa ANONACEA Anthacanthus jamaicensis microphyllus spinosus Anthephora elegans Antherylium Robrii Anthriscus Cerefolium Huegelii macrophyllum Antigonon cordatum Antrophyum lineatum Apium graveolens APOCYNACEZA Apples bellipenememeeccmesececiat ase seers Chigger Custard Sugar SANTA DIS DY D OF OB So sicjate a si(< s seee mesa sei ARALIACEZ Ardisia coriacea Argemone mexicana Argyrothamnia candicans faseiculata Aristida stricta 59 23 88 56 57 23 55 23 43 59 67 24 91 91 120 INDEX. Page. Aristolochia anpuicida ......--...--ecsecce- 96 | BIGNONIACES............. Ssheewos coe outs trilobatasacseaaseeeeioeneeesee 957+) 4Billly/ Grads vcd wcstcccccccwiasesstcceeeesecce ss ARISTOLOCHIACEZS .............. soccer O54 |mbInd heppenasete ce seca se eies scene eemene PROUD HAs cn. ccesce cael eae ee eee eee BAstard Guava cs cescwaeccicsee eee cm cs cieyselare ine 52 | Brachyrhamphus intybaceus. .-..-. F Jara FeLi Man OP ANY ieee sececeee eee nereecee ser 45-7 pBranl Nebile. cc. 2 senaseses scan =e eee eee BAstaltiawiSCOSa-pecesecaieee sean smote 30" brassavolaicucullatac.---.-- see eeeee ener Eset SUNN GAIDNM eaa silane aleetete ntelalala =P ciare lara 86 | Brassica oleracea ......-.------- Te Suesetene attaspatosmasece cece casement cece terns S7. | Breadfruit-tree...--..~-..te ~~ seer eee ene Bauhinia tomentosa ..........-...---------- 474) Bresk-bill\: 1. 86) Bitirnin pio vet cm eaten tne tone nea Beurreria ‘succulenta:.--.-.2..-----. scence TAS | CS UAET: GPRS sate ctotes cetera tate eee eet erat erates sree Bidens bipinnatus.........--..-.--.-..--.-- 65\ | Bursera)gummiters Jo. 52 -.c-ssece eee eae Jencanthnseceeeetressoeea acer ccaan 65) | (BUTE NE RTA GB Ane eee ee oceeteden sees Bignonia equinoctialis ..........-...--.---- 79) | ‘Button-wootl <5. eee = ements nce e = acl wenn TATA SUIS ele etsy eee aielersiniaiaterelclaciewsiais FESO RS Wax AW fe Uo ene ote teed let oooh 25 62 58 23 32 32 INDEX. 121 Page. Page. Byrsonima lucida..-....--- pete tetera etatetatatal=tot= r= B4 | Cassava ..-..ccnccseee ce cemeeecenneenns cen. 92 BPlCal esses ae eee =e eel 84.1) (Cassia alata selec ecce cele cine sein cleniseeinel~ 47 Cabbage... ... 20-220. s2 02 en cece cree een ecaee 24 angustisiliqua. ........-------------- 47 MM OUMbALTI Nass aoe roel oe tietotel= aero: alte 100 bacillaris: NaccSeec sade see oee ese 47 Me abTitOs] = es ai= ence aeisaistel san ie ea eee 35 Dicaipsmlarish ees neces ae eee 47 Cacalia coccinea...--...--- see a el ae ease atelaie = 66 Milorancessecce saetseee cece e ee 47 MICOS tesa sae ee a oa anes eae noeielele! slate srate's!aiatataye 50 Wis tule cee ceiee oar eeate etal tl eet 46 PACA CHAS 22-2. - cc cuales ce == emer == 57 HOTA Decrees ciate siniale aieeiets eaters eerste 47 Cesalpinia pulcherrima --...--..----------- 46 PlaNGWlOS8 ee eee eee cee re 47 Cajanus indicus .......-----------+--------- 44 PTANGISee eee e so eesne eae ee ee ae eee 46 Cakile equalis .....-.-..-.-.-------------- 24 TMICHICANS Hees oceanic ee endear 47 Malabneh Blake ae seeeme lee seals cliente === 79 ODGUSILOMIBS <= cic cle sete eee as eee 47 Malabash-trees sarees = ese oases ee eee ae 79 Occidentallis!-2--+>- n= area Pe ee al oiate Bb} | OERO INS ocoecoaqgsooDdeEnopsosoBeaponcoececcec 79 Calliandra portoricensis -..-.-..-.---.------ 49 | Catalpa longisiliqua .........-.-.----------- 79 DHNPULCA REE EE eae sin asenemecee see 49 || Cateh-and-keep: ..------------<----jsc-=0--== 48 SSRN TD RED ete te ate terete alee tet eet 49 | Catesbea parviflora .......-..---------+----- 59 Callicarpa reticulata... .....:...----o--cenes S48 | Cabo psis MU uals a ia)at allo elelel= == ele = l= 111 AU HISIe POON S tessa ete emersiare a telee aatete aieteratatarae VOOR MO@athine eer eee ee seer seem eee mere = eer 70 eel wl a tale eer == aioe eeee sia ela aia 100 | Cecropia peltata.-.-.......---2--------2---- 94 Calophyllum Calaba...........-..2---...-.. Bien | Ged arrestee ese eee sie laiete setae telat eer aa 79 MPALOCLOPIS PLOCELAl- wee an\-[os elare se wee see eee sine 70) | RC PIAS DPA EAB tote oreo ein talate ele talat ea 39 Calyptranthes Chytracnlia ...........-----. 5OP | Celotyee-- == ----5- eee eee eee eee 59 pallens iawctselacreacierore ese 50 | Celosia argentea............--------+------- 86 Mhomasiana- sees esse ees 50 MNO Wee seieswiseeines See eter 86 Wanavaliaieladiatarc\sa.5226 ses ce ee ese cies Ane @eltis aculoabaces esas asceee cca eiime aera 94 ODUMSOM A sowe cee incense 45 (HHUA Pe oagoeunsH 4 poSUNCOnSusesebone 94 PAL Vad OLRero = tersiate wiciooe wel isieee ea 45 | Cenchrus echinatus ...........------------- 105 Wandlestick Goldene sacs 1s-s/aioetees ae ATs @entipee-cOO te mre i eae eller al leet rata =e 37 BQ ANIC oS ALD OO meter ere te oyerateatalelal atetateteemiate eee for 101 | Centrosema virginianum .....-.------------ 44 SD rim Dee se sereerte feeatoeesis ieee = ee 98 | Cephalandra indica. ......---.-------------- 55 PSE Saree eseetecetcteae alate eter attete teeter 106 | Cereus, Night-blooming .....-.-.----------- 57 @anella albaecsclisssewiscciccsaus Lonsk seiestat « S40)\"Gerens armatusiace eer css seis eeeeneeene 57 AON SEAN COPAY c Secieloce ces om alwiaicteeieisloisie sia 34 HOCTOSUSs sosccieeineneicceemsee eee 57 ROAICOT = DOL ys tetera el aratere aiara ter atele etait 77 TANG 1H OLOS seem aa ieee ees eet 57 Be amris edulig pe o2 ein. onc-lso)n'so sae state ea 112 MLONOCLONOS ee eae iniee ee Ree eee ee 58 SER CL eet te teeta te art 112 DETALD PONS 2) ale oletel#|=l= == =el=t=)= feat 58 SIAR SOT: lear feta re eataletafele altel eel le lee 112 IPR UOT US ate eter eialele atl ee 58 Wapei J OSSAMING eps <- = 52sas Hoshino cals olavler 70 TODO TUS hepa te eiclela eel aete a eae tens 58 WAP PARED A CHA a. .c. 02 se seceelescecice 24 triangularis.......-.c0.---ee2-ce---- 57 @apparisiamyegdaling.-<...22---.+------- 2 Osi ly Gestrum iirmuUnmeece sees stelsaisoenent esa 78 eynophallophora ..........-.----- 25 Jarmitolwahaeeenee= sees sae eee 78 ALON GOS Se eeene steels cece see. 25 LOG HUTA UO reyetelereleetete ete oeteialteet- tet 78 JAMAIGONSIS= -=000s<5e6 esc cee sees 95) | Chamissoa altissima-..-.--..c26eecsce- <= - == 86 OLE C OSA te miaei sian aaiassteeia\atataere ar 25 | Changeable Hibiscus........-.------------- bl Waprariaybitloray ==. m= -faeese cee leer 78 | Cheilanthes microphylla........-..--------- 115 VAP REN OU WA CH AD) < ccite om =< alone eeistosie sta 59) | EGE NOP OWTA CH Abscess e's /ne sil) 85 @apsicumianniwumes=pee eee ee ee eee acer 76 | Chenopodium ambrosioides......--.-------- 85 DACCabo ER eee acer ce Resto testeeie 76 AMNUTALO: sees es raeideteiser eee enine 85 Gul COR eerste ee eee eeaeeh Soe eaters GH |p © Hen ase eee seas sale cnet ole elena ne 34, 41 frutescensieese-see ese eee eal 76 Bb: | ooseeos soar nnpooeecse cease 52 Cardiospermum Halicacabum .....-..------ 35 @hristmaaeer ae shes eae sseeteacene 52 microcarpum .-.......------ 35 SURE RTs ee isee sale eieetaiepeieie ey aie 52 MANIC Ap RY aoe eee eee eases ceeiae acleate 56 AV Vil deere reins see eree cee 34 MUATTOOY 22. Hace see ciesstiseiels slecas cease euse BO} he tevillerrse ee sees te sictelsiala ia aie ae sio)s wrayeieid =k 59 CARYOPEYEDRA CHAS <= 2. cstcccciec--'.- 27 | Chevalliera lingulata.......---------------- 111 Casearia parvifolia ........-..-.2..2.2.200-- 26 | Chichery Grape........--.--.-------------- 75 MANA ON A emote eats aipteletalselolelstate a clave 26 | Chigger-apple .-....---------------++------- 33, 57 BYLvestriSa-t-scsceewencaeerseesees TG GhinGserROsObee een <6 cicisas sesesayeeeeeacere aes ‘31 REPU eet eect iol sicm otlatale stotarayula tra ets Hak eet, 49 | Chiococca racemosa ....------.--+----+-+---- 61 DASE geese teresa nese eect meee i ZL) (Chia fal Gili sea gaeeepeeeseessoeesuero ose 61 50 | Chloris ciliata...-....--.--+------++++++++-- 102 122 INDEX. Page. | Page. Ghioris eleusinoides:... 2.5.0. ..ec-enclsee sed LOZ ‘Colensiambomicus:..---.-cesss- he esee eens 81 MAGIA coco vesescniccccececues see 102)\) (Colubrina ferruginos® -..-.....--<<..ssense< 40 CHOCO econ ccc saan + oe ccecice cos se ooeeeeeeeete 56 TECNAtAsata0 oss See eee 40 @bhristmas-bush..-~----~------95s15 eae eels 63) |) (COM BRETA CH Ann. asacae a aee eee eee 54 COHORT) a a2) ele oo eters eee 52. | Commelyna cayennensis.................--- 100 PTO: oe eae eee ee 80 | elegans ys2se2525:50e ee 101 CHRYSOBALANACHAU .. 2. «cine oneeaeee BO} CM NTEMEENIE VENUA CRY FRY ye ae eee 100 Chrysobalanus Tcaco) 3-2-5... -.-s<-ene see 50 | Comocladia ilicifolias 2 2... .0 cee 41 @hrysodium vulgare. <<). 6-4. ieee 116 | Condalia. ferrea:2* 6. 02 ee eens 40 Chrysogonum dichotomum..-...-..--..--.-. 66) | (CONTE RA ee reese naa ae =a eee 97 Chrysophyllum Cainito..........-...-....-- 67, | (Conocarpusierectac.--2 652. c2.0--2 5 seseoeee 54 labrum) =2422¢-.-eseesseoe: 67 CON VOLV WLACH ARS: 2c ccs eee ror 70 microphyllum)< 2222-5: -25- 67 | Convolvulus jamaicensis ..........-....-<-. 73 Oliviforme:.22-. Cease see 67 Mmatmbinuss.-- ass ee enaeeee eee 73 pancilorum | 2. ----eteoeeesever a. 74 DUS OM ays eee ckeiss 5 cox Sebo oo ee 36 DIODOSS:, ooo 5s een o sien oe rE ote 74 GeCUMANAii ice. wa eu tec essctn eee 36 Teeyigata.. ce. oc siencieneenen paceees 74 MEMICAP LER Ke SRO ee eee eee nee 36 MArbtIMICENSIS: cseceeecese eee eee S 74 @laehi-nralah 2 2 crreeetactectc eet ee aie Hee 73 NIG Bes ec moreno eee eee 74 Cleome-pentaphylla .~........529.02 2202-30226. . 24 Sebestena ie. -.ncccst soce cene ewes 74 PUN SONS). ci--a-ee eee wena meer eeae 25 SWCAba eer -miecmeecm- wee ee eer 74 VWASCOSB rater ete ett ce oo oe tee 25 || lmMifoligias =: eissoar sare eee 74 Clerodendron:aculeatum)..c.<.eseee eee | 84) || Corn, Guinea 2. «csecerenocmernee ee ees 106 FPAPTANS «meets: SERS 84 TMA, 5-5 )-:-15/5—,0siaeysiner eel semen Bee ee 106 Chidemia-hinta. conc. ck wees ss ccn dou 53>] (@asmosicaudabus- 2 osea- asso see ceeeeeas 65 TUDEA wen errckre stn. SRA ae 53 (Cotbonctre@ sync necisecuceciece een hruce ees 31 SPI CAB ararar-toresloinle Ww siniole sis ese eaaies 53 | Couroupita guianensis.......--- <@-2oauereer 53 CliGoria VL ern ated wer cies ona dee ee 44>) }Goursetia.arbored a-2.22 sss see ee ee eee 42 OlUSI1a BIDE eerie ranroeterorncranwonc HEU ee BSI \COwalbC xs i nicereirersine cuca se cel SUE eae eee see 45 ROB Bh pare ta ere atatalotereleratatn Nets a elena eioaeece 33) ||| Crab-priekle soja. )-=nseee ae eee eee aa 49 Coccoloba diversifolia .....-5...00.0.caccee- 88) | Gracea.caribieas =< 2<5 hiomlarige see cemcaee cae meee eae 1072 eDurantaelumieri. sence. ceoeteeeeee ssa ochracenS)s-4 eae eee ee 107 | Hast India Dhyme::.52=-2=.eeeneacacienamee Odoratus’.) ceseeecencceeee ee eee NOG | ISO INGAC BAD 522 sere asels o ieein= eee ae ele ons MEDNAbUS eae Ake caes Soe e ee 107 | Echinodorus cordifolius .........------.---- DOly Stach ys ss Ree 3 aeecee ect 106 | Echites agglutinata............--..:--+-.--- TOCUNGUS ee ss2,caaceos so-so 107 barbatas.. cs: s2.-.c- seecee eee aaa Sphacelatus\: sa -\5202ca8eeensecet 107 Cireinalis) ss. 55: =. 2b neces SULINAMENSIS\cepoaecen eee aoe s oe 107 | neriandra\..02255. 5. Ae eee ee unifolius so 2to act peoacs cate eeeee 107 | SUDELECES /ise)haw aw sane eee aes WISCOSUS Sees eae ee eee an eee 107 ae Belipta allbale. = 26s sess cress ae ee eee ee KOYPVORS Aaa os aes nae ag Ine seoee tec aeee 96) Mdden-wo0od :.2:2.2s-2's-.sc0- ss soeeeeeeee eee RONAN eee a stn atria ete satal na teat erate Sia@\ebeo-plant:. 2.2. -+-cses-2eee ae eee bear Cypselea humifusa. -.......-...-........-. 27 | Egletes domingensis.............--.-------- Dactyloctenium egyptiacum -.............-. 102 | Eleodendron xylocarpum ........- .------- Dalechampia scandens...............-.----- 93) || Hlephantopus mollis... --.--.2252sses2-<-=-- Daphnopsis caribea .-...--.----..00<--0-0- 89) Mlensine indica 22 ss2---e2--sms seme ae ert= Datura fastuosa .--...-..-.......2...--.22-- 76) Emilia. sagittatass=.cssessscass. ceaceeesee ae Mctelsan8 4h ssndssn2 assess scaseees 76 sonchifolia, -saccmes scence o eee eee ae StramonigmM\ -aco sss eeeme eee = ae 76 Sing lighePlantainies ssceccm eae ate eae ae a BUQVEOLENS ---- ~~. <8 senna ano ac wens 78) Hpidendrumbiiidum:---2--se-.52--e sess = Mabul a cede e's tose ctajotecsiesesuee ss ces 76 Ciliares< sss ee es. POACUS OOTOUE 222 oq 2 cara has itn eneaee nee ss Se 59 cochleatum: 29222 ee Bray allinwacnleatas -acceas.c\so cross ne ceteeicts 115 ALONE eos eee OR ees Sats PD SVL TUG OSR < a1< = 9;a1cfon ras acu siniela(sisaciaeic eel 23 Subsequale:..2<2 0 o--2<--s00 a0 Desmanthus depressus..........--...------ 48) Hraprosts\ciliariss:...<. 2. ese os -6e WAL GA0US Se oases dadsaniasoaseeee 48 DULOUES eee coos a geese eae MESMOdINM, INCANUM ) 6.26 sieSeodese's Meuleis 43 | Erechthites hieracifolia .......-.....-.----- MOO: seeens See ceneasas wees 43 | Erigeron canadensis. ........--..-.-.---«--- Scorpiarug)= ssc. sas ccees eek 43 Cuneifoling:oac.-...-.---eeeeeeee SpITAle coe ewisteeen cae 43 spathulatus...........------------ POL SUO STM ee ttenerseteraltstaiiaae ee Aca eiiripchloa punciatae--4--5 4. -+.o-s- seen EOC aeeriaa ya aaa 43 | Eriodendron anfractuosum ......----------- Dianthera pectoralis.:2....005.s0.0s0822d< 80 | Erithalis fruticosa.-........-.....2.-----k- BORSILISS cae coe a oscdaocawe sce save cle 80 | OudOnifera cose ke podads- ss eee 123 Page. 81 98 103 103 104 57 59 23 62 110 110 110 110 6e 53 90 98 124 INDEX. "Page Page Pern Gd GAN GOVALIS ele) oe eyecare se ele eee 62) Bicusicrassinervis. .- 3... -weme cee se cele 94 HPryngiumitetidum....--..---ss-ese-es ees 59 CLASUCD)= 52-5 ncn 5 en Se ceheaacaeneeees 95 Erythrina Corallodendron .....--.---------- 45 TROVE SATA aoe cies cicccic ot cemateetelreees 94 HOLLIS woe sc wc aisecinis cee eesinee ices 45 MENG PINOSB ccs -.gede seve eerie ae en 94 TEBY THROXYLACHAS. -~ ooo. pecan mnin = 34 peduncnlata’ sss. co. - scam em eee 94 Erythroxylum areolatum...-...........-.--- 34 populneal-cses-cce osc ee eee eee ee 94 PIGVANGS eoeae moe nleee aero 34 trigonata --32.- --- ccs ss- ee oeee ease 94 ovatum .......----.---..---- 343) Hiddlewood wee es fecs sae cee scece sca eee ae 83 Eugenia acetosans.................---.-.--- DLN Mi ostres esac Lens Soceucocee cece eee eee 95 axillaris -.......-++--+---+---++2-+- OL | (RLUIOHS i256. sewers cave cane ton eee 115 buxifolia ......-..-.-..--2-2------- OORIN Mine= weed! Siweret = q-.-cs cack see oe See 76 flavovirens ......---.---.---------- bI) || Hischeriaiscandens 2. --o-s- nee eenee eee eeee 70 floribunda. .--....-.------.---.---- 52))/tthilamboyanties see ccsere eer oce ce ewer ee aeee 40, 45, 46 glabrata.........-..--------------- OLA, WMlat Grass so Pos et ss cece ce be eee eoeeeee 103 lateriflora ....-..--.---------+-+--- BUD) Wisi: Aocs Pees 47 ligustrina ........-.--.-..-.------- 523) Wenryavestuans sosseee esses ens eee eee eee 95 marginata ........-.-----.---- baa) Mlnyte boom: ssehescecescccaccecancee Meee 74 micrantha ...---.--..----+--------- 52 | Feeniculum vulgare....-...---2.0----020--- 59 monticola......--.--..-----------+. ola Honbiddenihrushsseceen se eceee eeee lee eee 36 pallens ......-----..--------------- 51 || Worestiera.porulosa....:.---.+------2---see- 68 IB OMB UL emote enim elnino == esate b1})), Fourcroya/cubensis| 5-222. -5-+ee-2< ee eee ne 109 portoricensis .......---..-..--.---- Bei Bour-olclock... 2a 4-232 -see eee seas 87 DEO i 3 Son sos saodssesoscossoaSas pan || Eranchipants:2.2225o% <:coscnsioe = Bee oeeee eae 69 pseudopsidium'=-\-..ceseeness cere 52!) Wrench Grasseoteesocten nescence cee 100, 101 RESSTN NORA cece sseeeee eee eel 51 Physice-nnt: =... .:2. s<: ssteeeeeote se 2 NON eece see eee eee 52 | Prickly sPearss2-A-cso-25-Peaeeeee eee 58 Wan OO GOS Se seeeieees ein ee eee 51 | ARE conaesuncsgn 25796 pCR ene eek 81 Eupatorium atriplicifolium...............-. G30 astiCs Seu os ic. ca cs enticcmnc el see eee eee 42, 95 CACY SAND ere =e) ajseeeeeeeeersr 63, |) (Galactianiliformis)-:--25--5- ----2--eeeeeeces 44 canescens ....-- eee See 63 tenuiflora sees acess eee 44 GUNG ONUM eee eeeee eee 63%| (Galphimia plancaen=------c> sera eee eee 34 Odor abu ee cacriaeceen a aeceeeee 630) (Garden*Balsam -) 5-7. -<.2.2--csesseeeeee eee 80 repandum |.) 3... Seeeee: «ae 63%) ‘Genipajamericana..--. 2-2 sac- se heeeeeias 59 Euphorbia antiquorum .....---------------- 945 || (Geophilareniformis)-------c--sece=e eee oer 62 articulata ...... Ssleete erases 93 | Georgina variabilis .........-----+-------<- 67 puxifolia ......... eietceeeei sen 93), | (GER AINIEA CHAN oc niece tee cinerea = 36 COMMON weeeae senate eee MNOS | SGenaniuieer nce meat -esce= Seon eeeeanes 36 PeNiCM ata er ee eae 93) | (GANSINIREA CH Alo. ccee cere cce-eeeeeee eee 81 heterophylla <<. jens jsaet= 26 93) |) Giant) Thi bet-ttee.45,.--:\--n--.e see eee 49 hypericifolia ......- eee 93/7) Ginger Pees. nnmncenniincen 2 ieee eee ease ea 112 MEMMLOlMA ei lleaienis see eee 93 Guinea tecnssccscc-cece reece etee 99 WEL Bho Ro seeeseesoocnccenreose le 93 Stone oo. conese neces sie eerste 96 otal fever see O3t | ’Goat-weedes- ee etrencicone-eeercerececeseeee 78 TORSTEN Ps S558 So sseooeatonsou = HB) |) (Graig) osce sees sa cece se cocossse case secessee 55 pulcherrimsa jen. s <= seeseeeeeeeee 94 | Golden Candlestick.........-...-...--.-.--- 47 Splendens 1 -metraase eee (tHe tos GomMphreng jflODOsal.-eeeeercae saeeenaeeeee 86 Ny ATO Maelo iam asinere eee eeter te 930)|§Goncora-honh soe ec conse oe eee eee eee 90 HURHORBIA CH Aion nc accimacesnmce a 00} |*Gonzaleaispicate <-.--.354----eeeee aoe 60 Euxolus caudatus ..........-..---.--..----- 87 | GOODENOVIACEZ ..... afofoidin eee pate 67 OGENG WR Besa ceseccoscerecsus ssece5 Si MG OOSe Denn Yama eset eace ee se eee eee 90 Evolvulus linifolius .........-....-.......-- 73 SHTRAM cae ceeeee eee eee 58 MMUCTONAWUS 2. .--- eo sae anaes 73 | Gossypium barbadense.........-...--.----- 31 PANN eG Serclais alereleteteiatsia esi ee 73 WAGILO MUM eet eee 59 (Guivshy NMG sshobecesacsessecoc sn sadonuane AGI PEA EOS aswell Cl eet tater adele ial et ees 82 BG Ti LONeG Renee ee siesaeisceiaaaeae eee 43m PH OTrse-DeaNeee a cese = sells eels Selente estee = ee=ete 46 (GOunO ne GS ieee ele aloe alee tat 43 GTaSS eee eee eee seen cnates eee ree eee 104 Guajacum officinale ............-....------- 37, |) Horse-radish-tree.--.- 5... secsce--e=------- 25. Cees eters acinar alla ele lela ae =iat 409 Hoy COPNOSG), «= <<< << -eomm sin on nleineae* == == 70 Granta lene eeiesneseee = a ae la/=m=elereeteier = 110 | Hufelandia pendula ...........----...-.---- 89 Guarea trichilioides .........-.......--.---- SOe ee hrrs Cre pitans eee ae alee alan Gee yt ee ene eel cierata lela eer 52 | HYDROCHARIDACEZ ..............---- 97 IAN Geese ee eaieaala tee 520 PEED ROGHA CE AN eee eo alatala oeineaie lee a 73 DHGLN Aaa ee sane ee ea ieees eee 52 | Hymenza Courbaril.........-....---------- 47 AC ea yal OU yee net ieee anne eee aera 52 alba puis Cap ba baeele a) os ale ee ee letslele ele 82 Guatherta| Ourerouws 42 sss4-<20-/- 1m c-fsela 23 CC OUR a ea eelee eee eee eee 82 Guazuma ulmifolia -....-...........5..c.00. 32 BUBMEOIONS ee ses eieeee a= eR eee 82 Guettarda parvifolia). -2-+-<-.- 5... 5. .sssee 60 MORUICH Lat Binc aisicie env aioa/sialsimnia etal a 82 ; SGai Relate sae areas aieaigaeereaatetts 60) || batia muricata). 2... 2. cn.. nee nascins == === 70 Guilandina Bonduc. ...............--....2-6 46g pltidiank COMnteee se sen e ses teeiseea ee Bondncellaye mess sene asec esa 46 UGA nS cae eaadeeongaud50cn cosa sesoges 99 ; melanosperma...-..-......-.-0« 46 Shoticseceiisinnacios mec scericince seers 112 (Guiness Cotes eer a eeie anteaters late ta FOB i elon 20a Te ya ate ee alana rated 56 CEU Oe see erate ele ae ieietnle tees orale 99 | Indigofera Anil ..........-..-.2.+-.------- 42 Gras Sa aecteeee ware teee selec rete tae 105 GLC LOT ees arse cee ella atelalaraler 42 PamMaAnin Gasca a sa-\seee as selene Slee ln a ae eee em ale wines tetera 50 Golly-nooti marca ween caine eon antneetacie ee Shelelonidiumisirictume.sese--ssesse== see eeee ae 26 GUS Rea eee tees enone os aiciste ina Sie |e Gers et arate ales alate alee te ieee 70 Gymnogramme calomelanos ........-.-..---- 116 | Ipomcea acuminata...............---.------ 72 est benarin MAGA esac ee sac Sale aala eral 114 ALON ATI Mec eee eeses ae kee 72 SETAC OSB fe eat ele eta ats ie leat 114 ASATILOMA oases eee els See eer 72 Hematoxylon campechianum...........---- 46 (Babatas eee seme nae sae eeteeai eels 71 Se DUS Ne aan ao =a ee eee ence cae 36 IBona-n0Ke-e eeceees eeeee eee eae 70 aire TABB cast ene oe eee eeease seca cess 101 CATNED ss ceccicceaarceeeeenace oelle 71 Halodule Wiriehtit: 3.2. <2 -8-cmclcscese cee 97 COCCINGRaces ese eae eae asec = elem 72 Halopuilabaillonitess. .. asses seme cee se 98 dissectay. cc isn woes a celeeteseee sccm as 71 HomMelialutea sence on-s- as ceessanaceeiet 60 fasticuabapence cece sce scence an eae 71 PALENS ees we cso acc em enlnicieetewciae 60 AlifONMIS wetelenee se mleee nels eemeeee 72 Hebeclinium macrophyllum..-.........----- 63 Honstallipcceceessseecercose nee 73 Hecastophylum Brownei.........-..--.---- 45 ViCGMiimee eae See acne cies eels 73 Hedwicia balsamifera ..........20cc0..s.cce 40 Teucanthaiaccentiececeneswaksceues- 71 EVehnunithis GMNwWUS. <= =< se sececrecism 2 ceesee 67 ING PEPE ceca sce anSebeneeesesons 12 Helicteres jamaicensis..........--...cbassss 32 pentaphylla\-.---seeeeatem ener eecin 71 HGIOGRO POE 27-cm re ceeeee eee see Rees ocses 15 Pesca ple cc -heexAeeas-esEe eee val Heliotropium curassayicum ......--.--.---. 75 PULPULCR Ee ene eens ae Seer 72 fruticosume socescss-- cece eee 75 Ghiramoclitne aes sccmicce eee tesa 72 ANGIGUM |=) -esehwee eles 59 MEH Oxi OL poteiatatel afaete tate etee etetstelele eietel= 80 | Loranthus emarginatus ......-.---..--..--. 59 Kakkerlakka-berry..........-.----2----+--- 78 | Lourea vespertilionis..........-------.-.--: 42 Kalen diank secrete ccs mnsinjoaeteseleietenisee eae 99 {|) Love-in-the-mist. 22. .cocesice eee es seeeee 57 AMD taps peter inl eie al otaioieiniatelaiaietatalalatatavatelatate 1 09)9 TOVe-WiGCd ys sa 2425. ses ee 6339)= OcimumyBastlicnum:s522sseeseestee es eee eee 69 | MNICKATIOHUM | sdese ese ce ete es cases 697)" Osteratruderaligss2s:2= 48002 5-2 2e2 5 ceo 23s ASA ORrom hoes gaze eceseseccees See SIM) ence see ASM OUAC ACH Al sisccscsessere ete Sees iecace 483" OldiManis Beard: 222222242 22oce seco sesse5- 82 | Oldenlandia callitrichioides .........-.----- 87 COLYMDOSA Ste s- ol toa eae ee QT OHA OWA ce toacc esc ve sccoheleteses =o eee ce Zim Olyranamroliaassssscss SlgliPPeary Alliva tones. a. sss ree see ees 89 Overlook ....--.-------+----------+-+--22- « 45 HMrenceh ericklyeys.s-s6- eases 58 Oya DiS seca ae ae eis oa eee oe ole ae nici eereina 64 IPTICKLY, esceaeese es eo e= eee ea 58 OxXCAU IA GH Aupeseee aa aemaesciiiteesia= =i Sialpeectisnhumitusanscee. ose see eee iee eee 66 Oxalis corniculata.........----------- eee 37 linitoliaiee css sae = eee eee eee 66 Misia Bee cet cemeias sessile alam inl-- 37 punctata- 5.2 je-n.5-45eceeeenaes 66 Oxandra laurifolia.........---.-------++----- 23 | Pedilanthus tithymaloides..............--.- 94 Painkiller ees sees enieseeetseae caer G61 || Peireskia aculeata-=2---2---)so-nic- om oeseien= 58 Palicourea Pavetta......---------+++-+----- 61 BleO © bec ociec secs oe, Sane eee e 58 Palm, Sago ..--.----------2eee ence eee eee OTP eLOngO NTN eee 2 ae eats mee eee 36 TPVAU MGAie «Jone ci oe = wisi wae einmininmin= = iaie= wisinim= 100 | Penguin Balsam..-..-..-....--- see xd deisess 80 PalmGien saeeeecneaeeiee noe seee ner nen' 67 | Peperomia acuminata ........-..--..--.---. 96 Panax speciosum. ..-.-------+-+--+---2------ 59 Cubana. .22-..-sesnebeaeh scene 96 Pancratium caribeum.....-.--------------- 109 Plabella | sascenso ses se seems 96 PANDANACEZ.........-----e-e2eseeeeeee 100 obtusifolia 22-5 o-m--seee aeeee 97 Pandanus odoratissimu8....-.---------+++-+: 100 pellucida: ==... a5-o-54-te eee eaten 96 Panicum brevifolium.......-.-------------- 105 polystachya................ Pome ee 97 brizoides ..--...----------+-+----- 104 SCANUENS) see g2 2-55 = aceee= see ate 9T cayennense...-----------+-------- 10S) PEC ppetes peeeeassessscees ee eee ae 76 Colonum ...--.---------------2--* 104 Bird (3.223 Sicqeceeoeseee see ask ees 16 Gifos Meese see ean esas aee ea 105 Small.2-jo.sc5ce. steeemetete sete cscs 16 divaricatum ......-.-------------- 105 Sweet oss. cts -<-cueeeecebteeaens 76 PRC OI eens stele see 104 Wald Black. 4-25 -eeeeetee=iaescea 84 glutinosum.....------------------ 105 | Persea gratissima -....-..-+-<2..2..------- 89 MAXIMUM. ----s-o—- eee -mele\-= 1" 105) | Petitia domingensis\.-...-...220--22--e--e- 84 TON eenee eel Eero cea 104) |lsPetiveria alliaces.:.--2 2 ose eee eeeeme eine 85 paspaloides.....-.---------------- 104 Petraca polbits 29. --- 3 eee eee een 84 prostratum....---------++--+------ 104 | Petroselinum sativum ..-....---.----+++--+-- 59 Papa-lolo ....--.---------+---eeeeeeeeeet eee 33 | Petunia nyctaginiflora.......----------+---- 78 PAPAVERACEZ........-.-- ee eeeeeeeeeee 24 PUOULCE se = anne iee aie aetna se laie elle 78 Papa ae ewes a eemeer Seen eee cia S6hePharns\ labor ese. 2 eee Pee eee 101 IPAPAWA CH Ale scsanvace= eee ee eee 56 ale Phaseolusalatus)-4-- --- sah seeeeeeetas 45 Pappophorum alopecuroides...-...--------- 102 I ehne Vesseronee nooo sesnassecocc 44 Paritium tiliaceum..-......-...------------- 31 Semierechus:---.2a-meaeae ein =ia= 45 Parkinsonia aculeata.....-..-----.--------- 46 SVU PANTS a eiepe ia wie ieee ere laie late 44 PARONYCHIACES .............--------- 27 | Philodendron giganteum ........--.-------- 99 PParBl Oy seco ni ne ane =m ioe oe iene 59 hederaceum -.....-.-.-.--.---- 99 Parthenium Hysterophorus .....-...------- 64 | Philoxerus vermiculatus.....-...----------- 86 Paspalum cespitosum ...-...-------------- 103 | Phlox Drummondit ....--.------------------ 75 compressuM ....------- alee aa 103 | Phoebe antillana.........-.-.---+----------- 89 conjugatum.......---..---------- 103 MONtANA ......---..-.c2ncccons nee sn= == 89 distichum ...-..........-.------. 103 | Phenix spinosa ...---.---------- eee eee 118 glabrum ....-..--.----.s.« <---= 103 | Phoradendron flavens ...------------------- 59 HGCA LE I! 6 AS ROOCOODOUE SCO rISene oor 103 | Phyllanthus acuminatus ..-.----------.----- 90 paniculatum ..........----------- 103 GigttCHOSige > tee einwen site sama ate 90 plicatulum........-.-.-.--------- 103 faleatns.<-9..- 46 eeee =e =e 90 pusillum........-.....----------5 103 ING cara cis ise taete saa itate 90 spathaceum........--...--------- 103 NODS) = 2215 see Hem arial 90 virgatum ..........-.+-----.----- 103 | Physalis angulata....-....----------------- 76 Passia Balsam. ....-.....220--cceeesc-s- nee 81 Dinkiana:.<- -. - este actee cama eee 76 INDEX. 129 Page Page. Physalis peruviana ....-.------------------ 76 | Polypodium crenatum .......+-------+------- ce leliy pubescens ...--------------------- 76 INCANUM « <\ntee-e es === === 117 Physic-nut ...----.----------+----+--+-++---- 92 AINGIS MMe sete salle 117 Prench ----- <0 s20----+-<-----==- 92 Phyliitidis....-.--.--..-----=-- 117 PHY TOLACCACEAS .:.....-.---.--------- 85 piloselloides ...---.------------ 117 Picreena excelsa ....------\-----------+--+-+ 38 SCLPCDS 22-2 c-0 cance eo2-=----- 117 Pictetia ALiStabaec-cne o-----eeeeme---------- 42 tetraconum) -=--2---se=-----= 117 squamata......-.-.-----.--------=- 42 | Polystachya luteola .........--------------- 113 Pigeon-pea ..---.-.--------------+---------- 44 | Pomegranate ......-.----------------------- 53 Pilea grandis ....--.....----=--------------- 95 | Pomerose-tree..-.--....------------------=- 50 Ae WAS ase seen aie Ob MP Opiesees222 eas .oo 5522s eas a= lees 56 mucrophyllapsessesen=-1= === Ee 95 | Pope’s Head. .....<..:----.s---.-s---------" 57 nummularifolia. ..--.----------------- 95 | Portlandia grandiflora...-...--------------- 60 Sanetss-Crucisis <=... see~ ae === === 95 | Portulaca, halimoides..-....--..-----=---=-- 28 Semidenbata eee -eae= = === 95 OlGTACES)+-55.2 se ccs seen eee 27 Pilocarpus racemosus --.--------------+----- 37 palOSdieeee sae ee sa nes eee eee ete 28 Pimemtaacrishees=se see seaaseee =a 52 quadrifida s... 6.2. --- <<. -ee een 27 Vit CANIS) aoa = aielalale aaa l= = ita = 52 | PORTULACEZ ..........--.-------------- ue Pimpinella Anisum...------------+-+-------- Oa ane ©) AS VIS) AN Bee eielelserseeelel= oe 97 SPIN GAT See se ee eee =n eee enolate wm lela ial i 43 | Potato, Irish...--..-.-.-.----------------=-- 78 SPINE SCTE Wasa ee eee sa = ine el ele ete ale atnle latin 100- SNC beeen ne cee se eae eee =i 71 BVWarl Gate ta eiteinitaela lta t= las t=Itel=)=i i= ialemin=== SPEEA | rest Yeates oie om tees ale ate area nino =
  • Sea-Prape. wae = ss cote os scien de tcctolam masiaemnee 88 ROSACE Ali Joc sends ccesisoceesseisceseesees BOW sea-lavend Onan m assert ee seers ease =e eee 75 MiGOses CHiN CSOs sae wise eee Meee eae teees 310) Sebastiania lucidais-.ace.scccsarcaceeecnae 92 IVOSCMBE Yao anal seisiess sasceiseneee smermasesscems 82 | Sechium edule...-.-. 2... cece --0-------0= 56 Rose woodieeecscckh socccas once ccsensee cess (A) eSecuridaca Brown eles e. seeseneeeeeee eee 26 Rosmarinus officinalis ..--.-------.+-+------- 82 XG Cidere se rasa eee eee sae 26 ROU GOU ets a eione ne aeeisten otee ass sees 25 | Securinega acidothamnus ..-.-.------2----: 90 Rousselia lappulacea -.-...---.--.---.c---00 OSs Semper vivid Oseeeemtee lac sete aetette 109 EVE BWA Gi As oie eam seiasaia toate eee sats HOMaserjamialmcidayenancciseeac tessa -eceeeiecee 35 ella stre pens sas. sa elaaiaissicie sloemielelalevel= = 80 | Sesamum orientate... - 2-5-2505. 5sscenccnn 81 UD OTOSA a aais wa cace aeeaeteemceset 80) | Sesbamial'sericea.=- 5 -- 5-2 -jceceosmeoeessan 42 SALINE VESTCO RUB ne male er eteininie sesiemiettisine ie a 88 | Sesuvium portulacastrum .---:.2-..0.----<- 28 Runnings Grasseseee aes ees eee ee AOSp | Seunia ea Casern aera ene se eaeeenee eee 105 IR TpPPia TOSteMAtA acne ean lon em ela eles ea 98 BCLOS28y eee pelea cisateleseie eee 105 Russelia junced..--..-------.--- aaicoene esas OMe Seville! Orane eee cect etne eee aieeeemesaaars 36 RUHCA CBA cece che nceecectisnes teraacs as Sigh tsa 0 dl OC kee meee ete ee eee eee ae 36 SSA pine aHOLIG esse eee sete saesiscene eee late Am ShandOteccerseeasees socio aoe eeerise ee sae 101 Saccharum officinarum ...........---------- TOG Shell=plan tieseces cetet-eity-eeeicioe ec tiseeiae 112 Sapo) seaase sce ae eeeeyatiscisisiene canes ctatars Some ShOu pn dianeeersacse=catete sane ee saan 112 2 10) Ue enemies etal ala siecle letra tetera 97 Scarleundianee-c-eemceeeeseeeeeeee 112 Soi amt Grasse. terete acl heseiate setae taal DTS | Sidaracmminabae sea mcmime ssc sete : 29 SLAM aces ye sia heen alacnicienna cialeieeramtenia lata 67 OTOULA Rosca ccien sees ce aefenteesaseeee 29 Waildlesciccectsiceee sec soleime ccna 66 Garpinifoliais- st scars ecescoscmstcecss 28 Balle wba yeeeees see essees ose mami =e tee 67 CaS pee eerie elas teeetettete 28 DAlivaaCOGEIN CBee ae eeeijeee ce nineinlem alslel=l=1= iia ei= 82 Condit Ol acer saaeiseeeee aera eee 29 OCCIOCNUALIS eee eee eee ee aaa 2 SOM ETM iaieeciaealee nee setae 28 BELOUM A eee eeee ce oe eee eee aes 82 Soni eee esc aaciepeeere om aemtnm ets 29 GON el aveaseise = Ges eece samesise eee eet 82 pA al CONSIS eee amieean ire eset sei eietate 29 SQMBUCUS NAGTA ..----- 22 -202-- own ne--n- cease 59 VERSE cece ouesedesscetcs ce odessccoosd= 29 Samydaelabrata.o2. 62. ccc.cccercmasscco=e 26 phomilbito la eoeiiaseseseisee sleet 29 SC RMT A tte eat taal ete 26 BPINOS Bisa sem )eem wicetenteret= ime =m lo ata lmee ela leee 29 ane POSAbre OG sastacetae sae eles ne alee teeta erate 92 SU pM tee semesters jdacas eee pecaceteee 29 sSeneghip, SGI Oneecence eso one aessosecsogsess 38 CDISbIS eee ee nea eae eee ers 29 Sanseviera guineensis..........------.----- 110 | Sideroxylon Mastichodendron ....-..--.---- 68 Santa Mania. s-$2-cscecmeneae ieee tate tae tor a eA Cath One se ere erate alate alee ett 70 SS ASE TENANCE EU tee stats mele sietaiei slate late taer ste 35. || Silk-cotton-tree:--/-.-.2...-.5---.ee5 aeons 31 Sapindusiimesqualis: s. o. ec ceccenn ee BO le SU VOTyeH OLN ese rnlixictnis vx aie ole allele (ate etelete ant aelate 116 Sapota Achras......--.---ce2---secee-eennee GTi iol Vilerseetaicl orator estan aes esis tet orosteteatoteta cleat 40 Sibel 5 Ss posnsdaspcose Sosnes G8 | Sinapis arvensis. <--0.- 0.20 ooccccnew em =~ 24 SAW OWA C HA ens ecvecastacle(ssce/alietlalalsa(s leis 67 IDLASSICA Uaioe meee eee le ater easter 24 Sarcostemma Brownei..-.--------s----+---- OU as Ral CGC eee eee weet ete eee 92 Savia Sessilloraseeasesaeseewee eee see cee OOM small ep pets. sa see ee eee tele ee teeeta siete 76 Siw vVOla-LLUMIen eeesenm mace cease eee oblae 67 BRYON Obese entelsteieemeoe sete ate tetera etletolale 77 Seanleti Cordiscesssaceseecrer cae s sees sales 7A ASMA By An te ete eae ote eel ee estes SSahioe 110 Indian:Shotiscessecucesosceatneseens 11))|| (Smilax shayanensis=-s-e-ssoseeeeeeeeeeeasaee 110 Scheefferia frutescens.......-..c2cee00 eee 39 populnea........... neue eaneneeas Seca LO INDEX. 131 Page. Page. Snikce-Dusieeseses eee eenies ae petan einai (nein= ie Shalt Saviveriilareee: sree seeceeecm see eee eeE Re eaten eae eee eee W. | Vitis caribaea. o.2.-24-ea2ccs-ss2-2 sens eee Torch Slackeea= eee eee eee 60) } Wealtheria americana --.-<2-22-2-2--4-----2< Tournefortia bicolor. -- =. -..- = eee enna 75))|\) Wenderin tid GWee seem -secee neem cele sae fostidissimaesessac-reee cess a 1d.) Wiatereress esq =-nsceecinsscie see stm setter pmaphalodesmecssssseeeneee eee TOM WWaterlily see eee eee eee eee e eae UNM ONO eae Hirsuvissims <-2-6. .sssee ccese= HOS |NV cL LOIN 6] O Her artem mea eteee ete oat ee teers laurifoliai--+s.=-s--~-- rece (oy | NWiaterpann dense ceca teases = aes eee ee MIUCLOpPIvyAllsine yoo seco ceeieee oe 15 lly Wiax-flower S25 eeeascsaea aaa Rriphastarbritolia bas eae secs =e l= 37 Maran Ream ae sees esce ae eeen ee eee Triumfetta althwoides......-.-.--.--------- 32 IB OUGE 22525 Hewes teen eee ene ap PUA sacs 2 = eee aa 32 PBT Cll eee aece es eee eee sence er rhomboideais.--- see eae eee ee 32 AVES See ears sees eats eee erste SEMULbE OD aera \ancse ease l= San ihibe-Dead= prOO Mae ae sees eee «teat ERT ON. Ofertas one esate ates stair eerie ia WaldeblackHPepperianstimacesmectemr ie atea ae Saas ae ee eee sete et eae eae 77 (CLYOEKY scocccnscgses soasddoosaséazes¢ arm peb- WEG = see— aaa eee eee 94 (OHSS) ooo peo sess Sotceacieacsoosseassene¢ Tshudya berbiceana...-----..--.----------- 53 POPS tesceses ss oe saat teeta PRTDCLOS@P em amine alasta =a alate ies imate 110 PECACUAN Bearer ee == area eee Mone KeyeaVOLl yea msiaw alae eases ialer ee ete ate 77 irqudOnCeeseeet een ee eens eee eee SROTMEVIC a 2enicc ois Ste che hepa aejearele etelstrelea’e's 112 Ni Fiat enfgnactmosnoncosaseesoondnoccHsoUS PUTNECES PALVillOLraiesiece eee eee eee eee 57 IMagsdimbedasaccecccccnceasseeeceacees SOUT Loe ee ele ele te 57 Mustard si. 28 222 e48 255 see eee es TWANG Rk OW A a eratate wait oat ane = tetera aed ta 57 BP ea she See aie Saas Sere sneer RCN GING - LEER) sa miele eictole se telsie = eteael ie repa le teetar 40 PING shoes ose ane eee eet ene Typha ANG USULOM Dees rs slelseeme eee eee 100 Saladin! sess oases ore Seer ened NORA OA GH) Bias mtalclaslarelal« sia se eio(atemealee 100 Tam arin Qc ao occas oo oes eee etaae te ae UME HERR) 2... . S52. nn cots eeereere 59 Mier ts <3 tbe eRe oe eeeea meee ees Wirenalovabaeneceen crocs sec eee sce 30 "ROUACCOS < oecte wenene ee ce tee connor WRETADACOMOlA emer ee eer ee atermalnalsetetelm er PoulENWonderfulldueah: sssccsshsee--eecestesessece Glata~eererneaeeee ance eetrcr sscenace ris O51 Vormsweed aatccecandes beech asOee eee ern ae Winticaelonowtiercjaercicicecec tecnica = cei 95 Wireath=plantes) =: osercee eee ine seemets MUIR RICA CHAN oc cscicecwsanaccscetenscceec 94 Mexicans setts ct scmeeneeeeee Vandel lia @ittusar sr et eene ao Je crore ke oon ete 78 | Xanthium macrocarpum...-..--------------- BV el viete Le fee rereeeeteere erate a ete etal =e eerie etal 24 | Xanthosoma atrovirens. ---5----0+-s-se< <= Mend Ts pOUnE Cpa seee eee sree alo 44 RAS hao Me see see Verbena, Lemon-scented.....---.--..---.--- 84 sagittefolium ....-........--.- Verbena chameedrifolia ......--------------- B41" Winsct seca tee cee ee ee reece he oeeeoa on sciss VERBE NACHE Aivsescpsceses2en=-ss-ececs~0 83" Wéllow' Gedarss2e2see settee meiner cere cate Werbesinajalatal s---.s 22s sr eo <== === 65 ONTO SEIS 6 pm aneacomaetincs soos oomnEsod Vernonia arboreScens <-----=--=-+----~=---~ 62 Prickleees seco ane een aaa ere eee UNC Gal bee tee see ee se alee eel 62 Sand erecssesceee eee secant hompeteeccose==seneese nea 62) |) Werbardesbaraeasesesss ee cnee= aeeeam areca 39 32 24 24 56 42 70 65 65 65 65 65 65 SYGENG Cah 1 OLIOS eee eleanor Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis.....-..-....-. AAV UTA aia etary s ants aleialaialarats ates macrophyllomieans-sseone se Ochroxylum'-3222-24---45-2-- Zed May8...222-202-2- iceciosin Seance seacee e aed INDEX. 133 Page. 109 38 38 38 38 106 Page. Zane OGINA i See eer tel tela tea ee eral stn 112 ZALMAUVE DLC cA Seo a rele a 64 multifloranss sacesee sewcenaseasn === 64 ZAizypuus reticulata; -- = 2-2 s= 2 = ae <= 22 ~~ 40 Zornia diphylla......-.-..-. Beene a aar 2 ZANE AD EDEL IS A CE ieee tere eae eee 37 Deparimenf of fhe Sntferior: U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Mos 1A PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1879. ADVERTISEMENT. This work is the fourteenth of aseries of papers intended to illustrate the collections of Natural History and Ethnology belonging to the United States and constituting the National Museum, of which the Smithsonian Institution was placed in charge by the act of Congress of August 10, 1846. It has been prepared at the request of the Institution, ard printed by authority of the honorable Secretary of the Interior. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary Smithsonian Institution. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, April 3, 1879. PAE NATIONAL, SE xCEiBriTion, 1876. CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION TO ILLUSTRATE THE ANIMAL RESOURCES an cx: FISHERIES UNITED STATEHS, EXHIBITED AT PHILADELPHIA IN 1876 BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION, AND FORMING A PART OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF G. BROWN GOODE: WASHENG EON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. EST 9. reg “3 a * y § Trivia , i : ‘ - R { o Wid WU Uae iad a ee f "1 . > ; 1 ene Wy a = % ic yk one IRE ge tate ~ y hay ' ON Vs ; ea So Find LIST OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE COLLECTION. . JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary Smithsonian Institution. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Director of the Exhibition. G. BROWN GOODE, In charge of Collection. CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES. Committee on Economical Invertebrates. WILLIAM H. Dati, Washington, D. C. Committce on Fresh and Preserved Fish.—EUGENE G. BLACKFORD, New York. Committee on Fishing Boats and Fittings.—A. R. CRITTENDEN, Middletown, Conn. Committee on Hunting Apparatus and Sportsman’s Equipment.—F OREST AND STREAM PUB- LISHING COMPANY, New York. Committee on Fishing Nets AMERICAN NET AND TWINE ComMPaANY, Boston and New York. Committee on Anglers’ Equipments and Apparatus. —BRADFORD & ANTHONY, Boston. Committee on Alcoholic Collections, §¢.--Dr. T. H. BEAN, Washington, D. C. Committce on Furs.—C. A. HERPICH & Co., New York. Committee on Fish Culture and its Apparatus.—J. W. MILNER, Washington. Commitice on Whaling Apparatus.—E. B. & F. Macy, New Bedford, Mass. Committee on Whale and Fish Oils —Capt. N. E. ATWOOD, Provincetown, Mass. Committee on Chemical Products.—F.. R. SQuisB, M. D., Brooklyn, N. Y. Artists.—J. H. RicHARD and A. ZENO SHINDLER. Modeler.— JOSEPH PALMER. Taxidermist.—JULIUS STOERZER. Photographer.—T. W. SMILLIE. th a gh he rm Tie anit &: ‘Sei a ae degli Aan a S | et a sort : ; wy ; =ty ris PLY by g* ig Res Po | Lite it he < TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTORY NOTE ..---- cc coe wenn ve ce eens oe ee eens we ane ene teres ne tenes . xV Section A.—LIST OF ANIMALS OF NORTH AMERICA BENEFICIAL OR INJURIOUS TO MAN. ATV LGASTV ENA: ATS es eee ear ea o alata a alinimletmimio seals) ntallet a elo) im) = e)al= = Velev /atiel=iaiotels 1 if pe E3y ere e3y (Ce cAMe T0050 TE) ) eet ee l= el er 1 Fissipedia (land carmivores) ..--.. ...--- ---------- ++ 2-22 2-- eon 2 o-es 1 Pinnipedia (Seals, &¢.) (55 -.2 52.5 en 2cee ee ecen one ~--~ = = = ene 5 2. Ungulata (hoofed animals). ..-.--.--.-..--.-------------------------- i 3) Siremia(Sea-cOWws, G2C:)) so. = .cccw orem ome Sone eos) ereel === ema— === =~ 9 A. Cete Gwhales) .< - 22-22. on 5 o0- 2 on nee cens oon scsc nes ones oo en sees sn esnew= 10 Denticete (sperm whales and dolphins)...-....---------------------- 10 Mysticete (baleen whales) .....-.--.------ -------- ------ ------------ 12 5eimsectivora (moles) &:C)))- sco. semen els seam lee == ==) = nl 3 Gap Golds) (Oa eIGLS))lemiate = te aay aati Biss cision aisteso eno aeieieis eine sre rectce: 14 7. Marsupialia (marsupiates) .....-.--. 20. ------ eee e eee eee ene eee eee 20 VOT OT ps SISTOD Ts Ss eee ee eae ora ermtosta ol a sree aa elaine elt ola ieiellaremlminleN nel \aisi== a= mie <0 «sm a(oom mas 67 VIIt ANIMAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES. Page. VATS) MARSIPOBRANCHIATES. 22) =cldcs ccs scagemimtcyecearenae ee eaeeiomene canaries 70 23. Hyperoartia (lampreys)) ss. -+---2- od cemele- oe Sook once eee Bcjeee Salee osise 70 PAs ey perotrebil(hags) > scsoce eects s sae eo sce ienceaeeeane assem ania eee 70 VLE. LEPTOCARDIANS <.< tice scctes) wees oe t aaa eee oe ape aaa recta ee eee 70 20. Cirrostomi\(lancelets) So sect enosceen aaeeeecceoeiocicneteleeeclecen eeeoenee 70 SEcTION B.—MEANS OF PURSUIT AND CAPTURE. tApparatus of direct application. J. HAND-IMPLEMENTS (SIMPLE LOOLS)..--..)--5- -----secn ee Bee aeieete aeete ee ss 71 * For striking. PC lubsmecace< eine Semtor nis aol asin eres Seineeticcelentceerscem acteacaiscr ees 1 2a LGN WiOI BG eo oom ae oe aie ae alee imheweie lo wel teen panei 71 ** For cutting. Go IMILVOS 22 os crete os shoe case sana s seo omnes tiers alata tenes eaereme ae al AS PAROS s/o oS bean ale aiale ave Sic Niaisieia wiles selateiatatnrelainareelow je cia atae ne Seenreatae eee 76 *** For thrusting. Dy Spears and: Prods es coccce one cose oso sence anewecewess eae ieceiancer 78 II. IMPLEMENTS FOR SEIZURE OF OBJECT..---- o00 ene0c0 oos> cone eect = 79 * Scooping-instruments. GA SCOOPStassarse ceues ones eee eee stare e anion eae Ser reas tee eer 2 79 ** Grasping-hooks. 7. Hooked implements (used with single motion, that of hooking)-..--.- 80 8. Barbed implements (used with two motions, the first that of thrusting). 2 QEMON GSNOCC ese a seoeee cee oe cnen eee ae sista cluscicies swicseslonescioeetee 85 *** Grasping-lines. LOS Nooses (lariats.and: Snarés)-< joes). cciee es sierio saloons on ceeseceses 86 dt. Loaded dines: (bolas) sas cs jesas sear eeciose seers cise cae eee eee 175 Jo: Manutacturesobmurexdd esses ones ao eis eeeee a= aaa eee eee 175 345 Manutactureroficochinealtcolorsm.--os- sass eaeeceoreeseetnos eee 175 35 Manufacture: of amilks ces.) a se eel aere ane seo ce oe eee eee eeeee 175 SbaManitacture of albumen] eevee oe eee ae seme sam one eee 175 37 Manufacture Of pepsimteeercscceea- == Ss aelsece ee acess K Su wideieueres seats 175 30. Manufacture of phosphorus)ccesss sae es- oosa ees sae ee esneeeeeeesce 175 Soe Manitachureofsalkamm On1aC mene selene etanem ee alee mieiae ae ecient ae 175 AD Mantuiachure of aMmonigea ceenacesoses see seoeeceis- eee eee eee 175 41. Manufacture of albumen preparations ...--..----. noaeinn Saeessldcaseces 175 42, Manufacture of propylamine -...................-<. Ree ee eee 175 ASs Manuracsurerok LOrMmiG acid wesc sacs see esse eles eels eesti 175 44; Manntacture of carbazotates <- 2c acis-c-ssaes sneioeteisew sree oeeseesiee 175 Vill PREPARATION ON AMER TILIZE RS asics leer acetate ciate mieiaeitee melee setaeme tee ese 176 AD MEE paraiOniGmirerwlizers. -coene see soles eeile ee eee eetceneeeeneeia= ae 176 Vili PREPARA TTONGO Re ERVOMS = 1 smlenitscicmecceia=ieesetecier scien aaa ete ee serene 176 Ads disbanbires OES) Gesnag concen Coonan oadecs Sateen eee aati i TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX. PRESERVATION OF THE ANIMAL FOR SCIENTIFIC USES.-------serres s+ cer" 47. Preservation of wet preparations ..---0-->-ss0sseese soos seeecs ene o" Petit oletonemakan dee seh ba ae 9-2 (— =" eich rea eee Sn FOREN eG clin eto tees eeyoee aoc nar ns eer aac a Pane Ge riya ec eee an eect =o nears oer eee hae Te 51. (Accessory. ) Photographic and other delineating apparatus..-------- Section D.—ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. I. rT ieee a aa seater scree sa RTS TAT Te eee 1p man daimudresh COMULUIODE sss es aan ie-y=-e a 27 a 2, Foods dried and ROTC dae eee tae comes see aor ae 8. Foods salted, canned, and pickledtelete ~~ \s-2---\-- 99" 8-2 Sooo 4, Gelatines (see aA pet fe es tat Setereia tenia =m sis'asI=| = SS cin aig 5, Baits and foods for SRR Sheree ne os ota Ins aaamnin eines sme Pte aa PAPO TO IN os ee ae teen ores anna 6. Fae eo a eet eaten e ear ms SP A Te 7, Leathers (see 20) ------ ------ reser rere nese eee a acisais saan 8. Textile fabrics er ee eee ora erro tains sales ce oes amiaiseeiSTSe cer III. MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES ..--++ ---*+*"7°" * Hard materials. LOSEHOTM eee ote ele l== 11. Hoofs and claws ------------+----> iy oe tee Sepa anere estas imei ime RERANC oriian secede ea sete seas hein SON rp ra fe origise shollisacere case seateaa= teneero sce so ras iS MC ar leaie Con te aad cee sae. near ene ces era ects Poe di a AD ere setae coalesce Cero ome ee aa a od AGE lige es eee cs og Sacer tr cam a rt ar im ao AEG or lene ot ee tene eee nec tae ph ak Gaia ae Padua inaorialbcatthed sacs 20 5-0 sence ee ren sone Sa a 19. Other materials derived from invertebrates. .-----+---+2+7-crr errr rr" ** Flexible materials. OU acre eta eee Mae taee repos aaron stron aa ee Oe Ag DI Hinit andi wool (see alsOie) s2-ieca-c--9- omy so re gue elas Zee Oat | i non Ce CC rihanna oan aie ce a PTs Hoa tboratso.w seis cece ene eew ieee rae ee ee 94, Gelatine and isinglass.----. s----------5 207 o renee fone 25, Flexible materials from insects and mollusks. .---+ +--+ ---r0rerrrrr rrr" 26. Sponges- ----- Ui TS he oe ate eeas eae reer eet rs *** Fluids and soft materials. Oy? Oils and) fats -.2--s <<--ase2> 20s ene eaRoe toro" Sa Dy eee a St Se ese ose Pele Cortina #14. 2522 2s --0ee- roo ep aye pon Golovin materialise. ---\=-<-erasseser Gee 30, Chemical products and agents employed in the arts and medicine------ SPE anil crate coe eee tenemos manent fet" feo Be Tames (seo under 30) .<----e--osessueoseemeeco ns AswOther materials... =. /-e<\ers= ewes saan eS TST TST Tees Dane alee ae Section E.—PROTECTION AND CULTURE OF USEFUL ANIMALS. RE NINON 55.0 naw sat emcee ere nST e 1. The methods of the United States Fish Commission. ..---+ ----+2-*-°7" XI Page. 176 176 177 1i7 178 178 182 184 187 187 188 188 195 195 197 197 201 202 203 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 217 219 219 220 223 223 227 228 229 231 232 232 XII ANIMAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES. Page. i PROTECTIONS ew cc bem ee Semele civic waseltnicinm sine Vieni deeteaataped senate ease COA a PReSELVation Of game. and: fishy. menkicmenece sed eee eran eee eee Meee 241 4. (Accessory.) Enemies of useful animals............ seater eeeecee a ead TEs, PROPAGATION:.-ccutennernes Seemrae mete Siete eeree tame fe eee eee Sie croenanaents 244 5. Propagation of mammals .---- Ever sletouseece es Bae eae ee eee ee ena 6. Propagation of birds ...--- satiate See Petetalete ete ee tae ara eee te ee ed de bropagavonvot repull eseeeeceeea sess renee eee eee See eee eee 8. Propagation of amphibians ---......---.......- Seieeaiehe ee eae ee 9. Propagation of fishes --..-. Re encore actee eine Seats welao cele ns eae ease =. 249 10. Propagation of insects ...-...--....- a ea epee tne ete Sasa a een eas 11. Propagation of leeches ....- Syeisoioae ee ee Se omnes ets sents ee See aac OAS 12... Propagahionier mollusks. .so2consscc aust eset okies ae eee e Seen LS 13. Propagation of corals....- aNelelale/ewiaiceelclns Sisto) Neem marie aa eee ee LS IAT ProparabionsO£ (SPONGES. a. .132ce es sess eae sos 1 Ais Rts ea ee PEP EEN 248 CATALOGUE OF ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE ECONOMICAL INVERTEBRATES OF THE AMERICAN COASTS. BY W..H. DALL. MOLLUSCA CEPHALOPODA.—Squids and Cuttles.........--.----.----- Sib semeeesne Geol MOLLUSCA GASTEROPODA.—Sea-Snails, &c..-..- Re cos eee secenoseepees 251 PAC USetuilyee ee et et Se spesicee avai ess se es! Jeinchen ccheneducns boosts Spr Ecol 1. Used for food or bait.......... ee ee eee 2s sjakelsloisearsaae Nees 2 soil ~-/ Usetul: by, producing pearl-shell, &¢s52-.ccs02 s-eneseu cee oa seeene Sere ool 3. Atfording cameo andiporcelain stock 22-2. ..4.cacsscees eae ase s 2) 292 4. Used in Indian trade-.-.-._-. Hee Renee Sere eIS Coe e me a oe a ee 202 Dre Attondim cides bUliseee se see eee nee eee eee eee dS cease Soe 202 Ge Atordime bird Mme. ses is eae ee Boe eee 2 ee 13y Mago sasn6 Soeeon cs ees seeee res Erase dee esioseie eee abe eerie Soe 1. By destroying food-producing mollusks or shell-fish, such as clams, IMUSSelSTOVSLETS WANG eLAZOn=lis Mee ee ee alae ee ee eer eae Eee OD 2. Injurious by destroying vegetable substances and garden plants.... 253 MoLEUSCA LACEPHALA.:——Bivalve Sholliish i ogee. soseeo dec. ce eeee ce eee eek 253 A. Producing, food ior mused: as palin chs. st aeae cies secs elccee Lee ee eee 203 1. Series illustrating distribution and geographical varieties ..--...... 2de OSTREA VIRGINICA, Gmelin.—East American Oysters .....- jabejeneeeee aetlowd 253 OSTREA LURIDA, Cpr.—West Coast Oysters... - sss doef s sete e ees else ase shh 20S eb brain Lesser eens oe nN) SO Cd See eee aos 2. Series illustrating culture and individual variations.......---..--.. 255 OSTREA VIRGINICA, Gmelin.—East American Oysters -.-....---.-.----------- -' 205 anGrowtl..) Vl=O0 pears Oldie a yp le ee, Severs hae gees eo Sas earn chat eee 5 Db eculianities: of form amd pro wbhey < ose eee easiness sree eee coo c., Enemies/and parasites... -2.2-- --s.+- aie Riri ats wisiclsjisia wrens soe ee see oeren 250 *** Other bivalves. AP StORgin ovr available wor food on baltssscaes ceeeeee ee toe cence e nee e ee eae B. Useful or ornamental bivalves other than those affording food.....--.-. 256 a: -Pearl-producine, 222225 2s Ce eat ee ae eae evista goers Bateemeneeeere 256 I VerAMUSSelS ies seen POS ee eee eee Sanaa Sree steamer eo 2: Maminekpearl-sholig croc. ao seeeeccee sect rece cee eae Jseoeespeecee he 2S v: ‘Otherwise usefulls 222. 2-2-2: ilo seeanee tee idseeesieecwos SAtetlersiseteeie s 258 Cp injurious bivalves seen. asec ate ee eetciae eee aa eterna sooesafciseae 258 a. Destroying submerged timber..---.........- Sajaternye wists wicers Jezseeyee ger! MR eOS i; Specimens of wood-showime ravages: ssse0 cess sees nete oan eee oe 258 Dis Preparedtoodsisaaceowase cost sersclewientcsicistey siowieae cea tee eee mee sees oe mecOe TABLE OF CONTENTS: XI Page CRUSTACEA PHYLLOPODA .----- ------ -e- ser cers creer rrr ee iaisaarsmnlo = 209 A. Useful. Converted into fertilizers. Carapax used as a scoop or boat- pater ee ne ee tee bia a dae amet tamnlew swale taaere moi ame ticne carr 259 CRUSTACEA ISOPODA ..---- ---2------ see rrr tere Pee sone eee eases = sar iee 260 A. Useful; by removing wrecks or snags -.-----------y----0 sree core eeerre 260 B. Injurious; by destroying submerged timber .--.------- -+------+--+7°°° 260 G@RUSTACEA STOMATOPODA..-.-- «--0----52 eos ar os tote rns rrr co on 260 CRUSTACEA DECAPODA.—Lobsters, Shrimp, Crawfish, Crabs-..-.--------------- 260 A Usefull; food supplyiMg 2-2-2 ona aoc ores nn oe aise WoT aaa ae Be OU) B. Commensal with other food supplies .------------++---+ e222 sere rer rrr ee 261 C. Injurious by burrowing into and weakening levees and dams .-.---- --- Ecol D. Prepared foods..--- en Re erate ee aa fe ealoe tei mini) = ah fier minim areola 261 SREP YH DUA (INfUNIOUS)< 22. sena jane cece es omen eee ese oO a 262 a. By dulling the edge of knives and spades employed in ‘cutting sa Se haler Di DOI oe nate ao eine eas fare re aie tee ern a is ie mis he 262 b. By obstructing the progression of vessels upon which they affix them- RECS ee ee Soe ee elena een mele arena en eine seni ==) eons cin ias 262 ANNELIDA.—Worms and Leeches.--------------+----++- Se es cee tiscertote stem Oe PNVe RU Seeds oo oars yeti Se myer ei atate (alec (Gite wine mts cbeiamiynimisickn loi eee Pe Od 1. In surgery and medicine -...------+---- Ae eee eae eee aaeiaaisio 262 Oh Mor bala fishing....)00. 2 sce cns= lew eens semeign amen et nase 262 SNOT TO OC eo se oe eee Santo as ete ice atepeie lalla earl ata a sien ere ela 262 B. Injurious .---- Fe es ee ae in le fe a af famine een footer eke 262 1. By boring into and destroying oyster-shells .. ..-.------++-----+ ++" 262 RADIATES.—Sea-Urchins, Starfish, Corals, Medusae, CLOTS SO ood sae ne Veen PAu Wisetulllsaacem eae sem ene tai“ See ee ieee ita bee Me epatecias eseyer gOS 1. Food-producing .----------- Bee eee ae eee eee setae apeiate a Spear sieieiic See B. Injurious ..----.------------- Beene emi iats-arn= eee See eee 26 1. Destroying oysters, clams, &C-..-- -----------+-rer terete re 263 2. By their urticating powers annoying bathers and “fouling” nets and fishing lines with slime—various acalephs ...---------------- 263 PROTOZANS.— Sponges, ete... = .--.-- -- <20- enon seers ecco oem een cores eee 263 BG hens atic eee tyne aero eel aeeicie smn ay mieten ews cecil gira 263 1. For conveyance of fluids requiring an elastic and temporary men- struum, and as a detergent..---- --------- +--+ seers cere recr ncn 263 2. Useful as an elastic medium or absorbent ------ -----+ +--+ --55 577777 264 Injurious..--- RSE aa ise ciataie etoile Uns eveatapeyermiete SA eee a calcio Eee Neeser 264 1. By destroying oysters. ---------+------2- ---2 rennet ran 264 EHZOPODS occ 2 .22ce~ ones ona cew cence qos es newman esesiens eee Poets tO MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS OF SEA OR SHORE, NOT OF AN ANIMAL NATURE. E GQulinichensuesseseeaar. eel Woeeenoaeaaes Bee alessio a= eeeees Sy coe BP Al Gee res aew clea e== ewaateee in ooaarcs reas cs Weise sale ae fetoticts 265 1. Having economical applications. .--- eee eee ee res sents sire. RO 9, Ornamental algm .--- s----2 ---= ee-nes ere nbe cnn nme ence ere eon 265 INORGANIC MATERIALS ..---- Sees Ae eto a a asleinisisinalsy acins ines a= =8 minnie Q71 XIV ANIMAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES. A REVIEW OF A PORTION OF THE REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1877. BY G. BROWN GOODE. Page. Living animals...... Slee ele eae eee eel le aa eee ae eee ete eee ae 272 Food products, except ish se eeece = secaiee cee oon leee aera ee cere ee eee eeeere 274 Fish vo .Gscccee de cece sccosreemece cence soLciencatecnie nena meee aries Eee 277 ie SMa ceca Semmeciceae Sree coe eee Cee tocimesenc aes cee aetna ee eee 282 STS CTE ysl rete ete ll eet eee 288 BRED Teeter ete ee tet tele ett ee te ete 289 Wile SONG Weeteteteteleletetetete eel te a teleeleie eel oteleinie fee ae aie ete ate eee 289 RSE Ne fay cs ore tetera ert le tl alt ater re ete ate 289 C6) Teena aa esa lea etek a alee eee eee 289 OME ya Noe ee el Ft ne ae 289 TENG ES a0 Ces Kal Sete areal etter te ete = alee aie eee ieee alate eee eres 290 IB TISGICS eee ee tatatete a ctelie sieht otatete arate eel esi tete oo alee eee lane tele ae eee ae 294 Qu peeerteee = erste eieetatatarat= S Slacta weala ele o ahainiaie apheresis stata Pea tolae Sec tates 295 MeGaAghetS teases coer aciee ee nercaceeeticccicecels scsco cs ayaa oie se areas 295 Giuetamad iwelaiimens omer oe eee ena eels estes oe eet tee eee 295 NPOUC6d hee eso se nea aea ene mation See cece nantee niet eaten aaa ee en eee 295 Oils: tats. ANG SOA DAS eee es see oo ace at akteistee Societe eee alee eee eae eee 295 PET TUMeELya abel al serene etamtetate ate ee eteiaieeislete oat etaie asia iele sine eee lee tere 297 (Caltisines Tienes 5.5325 55sd5555 05050500 cosas OooSed soe Edo case bosess sae 297 @hemicali preparations smedicines | WcC ese seleaeaciscisealeeeetes = aise ieeet= Jans, ees Bones! 2622528 Cece te sisees cae Sort coeleeoe cise SEs e ues eae srentae teenie ent eee Guano amdsorher ferhlWZers So~sserse eee seee eevee sels ee mee te pelea eemeee= 299 Speciniens of natural history 910i 5.5.22. see -o= sown cote ere sone ee pues Alphabetical ind6x .=.2-/css ores ssccisecs sees cous cece seicaissincieciesnssslses ===" Mane INTRODUCTORY NOTE. On the occasion of the International Exhibition, in 1876, certain appre- priations were made by Congress to the Smithsonian Institution and the United States Fish Commission. The former was called upon to prepare an exhibition to illustrate the economical value of the mineral and animal products of the country, while the latter was to perform a similar task for the national fisheries. It was subsequently found desir- able for the Smithsonian Institution to unite with the Indian Bureau in displaying the condition of the aboriginal tribes of the United States in prehistoric and modern times. Four distinct departments of work were thus provided for, (1) an'ethnological exhibition, (2) an exhibition of minerals, (3) an exhibition of animal resources, and (4) a fishery exhib?- tion. The first and second were arranged on opposite sides of the nave in the Government building, at Philadelphia, and atits north end. The latter, it was found, could not be separated, since the character of the specimens and the methods of arrangement required were the same. They were arranged in one series on the north side of the east transept and to the east of the nave extending north to the beginning of the mineral series. The following catalogue is a simple enumeration of the objects exhib- ited in this series, and illustrative of the animal resources and the fish- eries of the United States. It is essentially a reproduction of the eard- catalogue prepared in 1876 and still in use in the administration of the collection, which, having been greatly augmented by systematic efforts in the United States and by donations from foreign governments, now forms an important section of the United States National Museum. The catalogue has been as far as practicable made complete up to the present time, in so far as it relates to North America. No effort has, however, been made to include the collateral series of specimens from foreign countries. The plan of arrangement is fully shown in the TABLE OF CONTENTS. Beginning with the Useful and Injurious Animals, it next takes up the MEANS OF PURSUIT AND CAPTURE, then, successively, the METHODS OF PREPARING THEM FOR USE, THE USEFUL PRODUCTS, and, finally, XV XVI INTRODUCTORY NOTE. the MEANS OF PROTECTION AND CULTURE. The preliminary plan of classification is given in full, whether specimens were obtained to illus- trate it or not, and indicates wherein the collection isstill imperfect.* It seems appropriate to remark that a very large number of the speci- mens included in this catalogue and exhibited in Philadelphia were borrowed from the permanent collections of the National Museum, and have for many years been on exhibition in the Smithsonian building. G. BROWN GOODE. WASHINGTON, April 11, 1879. *For a fuller exposition of this plan see the following pamphlet: International Exhibition 1876. | Board in Behalf of United States Executive Depart- ments. | === | Classification | of the | Collection to Illustrate | the Animal Re- soures of the United States. | A List of Substances derived from the Animal Kingdom, with Synopsis of the Useful and Injurious Animals | and a Classification of the Meth- ods | of Capture and Utilization. | | By G. Brown Goode, M. A., | Assistant Curator | U. 8. National Museum. | | Washington: | Government Printing Office. | 1876. | 8vo. pp. xiii (1) 126. Also published as Bulletin No. 6, Department of the Interior, United States National Museum; and as Article VI im Vol. XII of the {smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Washington, 1872. SHOT LON), ae. LIST OF ANIMALS OF NORTH AMERICA BENEFICIAL OR INJURIOUS TO MAN. *I. MAMMALS. Orver FER ZB. Suporper FISSIPEDIA. FELIDA. Lynx rufus, (Guidenstiidt,) Raf—Bay Lynx or WILD CAT.—North America. 12476. Mounted. Denver, Col. C. E. Aiken. Dec. 14, 1875. 12477. Mounted. (Young.) Denver, Col. C. KE. Aiken. Lymx canadensis, (Geoff. & Desm.,) Rafi—CanapA Lynx.—North- ern North America. 12475. Mounted. Houlton, Me. Rev. R. R. McLeod, Dec. 15, 1875. Felis eyra, Desm.—Eyra Cat.—Southwestern North America. 9532. Mounted. Tehuantepec, Mex. F. Sumichrast. Felis yaguarumdi, Desm—YAGuUARUNDI CAT.—Southwestern North America. 8480. Mounted. Tabasco, Mex. Col. Sarto. Felis concolor, Linn.—PumaA or CoucAr.—America generally. 11813. Mounted. Central Colorado. James Stevenson. 1874. Felis onca, Linn.—Jacuar.—Southwestern States, Central and South America. 10390 -+- 12296. Mounted. Died in captivity at Government Insane Asylum, Washington.* *The numbers prefixed to the enumeration of specimens are Smithsonian catalogue numbers. When two numbers are given, separated by the mark of division (=), the first mentioned refers to the particular preparation of the animal in question; the second, to some other related part entered in a different series. For example, in 10390 — 12296, the first number belongs to the skin and the second to the skeleton of a specimen of Felis onca. Bull. N. M. No. 14——1 2 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Felis pardalis, Linn—OcELor or TiceR Catr.—Southwestern North America. 12179 + 14179. Mounted. Talamanca, Costa Rica. Talamanca expedition. Prof. W. M. Gabb. 12187. Mounted, Talamanca, Costa Rica. Talamanca expedition. Prof. W. M. Gabb. CANAD A. Canis lupus, Linn., var. grisco=albus.—Gray WoLr.—North America generally. 3573 + 3520. Mounted. (Winter pelage.) Platte River, Neb. C. Drexler. Vulpes fulvus, (Desm.,) var. fulves, (Desm.)—REp Fox.—North- ern North America. 7124. Mounted. (Male.) la Pierre’s House, Rocky Mts. R.Kennicott. Dec., 1861. 6403. Mounted. (Female.) Yukon River. R. Kennicott. Oct. 21, 1860. Vulpes fuivus, (Desm.,) var. decussatus.—Cross Fox. 6407. Mounted. (Female). Ft. McPherson, Peels River, Hudson’s Bay Terri- tory. R. Kennicott. Nov. 28, 1861. ‘“‘A very fine cross fox, nearly silver, small and apparently young. The Indians told me she would be a silver fox next year.”—Kennicott. 6408. Mounted. (Female.) Ft. McPherson, Peels River, H. B. T. R. Kenni- cott. Nov. 30, 1861. “A good typical cross fox; tail rather small.”—Kennicott. 6404. Mounted. (Male.) Yukon River. R. Kennicott. Oct. 22, 1860. “A rather fine cross fox, approaching more nearly the silver fox than the red.”—Kennicott. 12466. Mounted. Houlton, Maine. Rey. R. R. McLeod. Dee. 31, 1875. Wulpes fulvus, (Desm.,) var.ravrgemtatus.—SILVER Fox: BLAcK Fox. 6410. Mounted (Male.) Yukon River. R. Kennicott. Nov. 17, 1860. “A fine silver fox.”—Kenn. 6411. Mounted. (Female.) Ft. McPherson, Peels River, H. B. T. R. Kenni- cott. Oct. 17, 1861. “Black fox ; some had still less silver.”—Kenn. Vulpes macrurus, Baird.—PRraAiriz Fox.— Western States. —. Mounted. Wyoming. Vulpes velox, (Say,) Aud. & Bach.—Kir Fox or Swirt Fox.—West- ern States. 12470. Mounted. Colorado. Chas. E. Aiken. Jan. 15, 1876. 12469. Mounted. Colorado. Chas. E. Aiken. Jan. 15, 1876. 11085. Mounted. Rocky Mountains. Vulpes lagopus, (Linn.,) Gray—Arotic Fox.—Alaska. ——. Skin. St. Paul’sId., Alaska. G. R. Adams. 6 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 3 Urocyon virgimiamus, (Schreber,) Gray—Gray Fox.—United States generally. —. Mounted. Virginia. Urocyon Virginiamus, (Schreber,) var. hittoralis.—CoAst GRAY Fox.—Islands of the California coast. 12440. Mounted. Santa Cruz, Cal. H.W.Henshaw. U.S. Survey W. of 100M. NVEUSTE LEB AL. Mustela Pemmanti, Erxl.—Fi1sHer.—Northern North America. 12472. Mounted. Houlton, Maine. Rev. R. R. McLeod. Jan. 15, 1876. 3279. Mounted. Olympia, W. T. Geo. Gibbes. Mustela americama, Turton — PINE MARTIN or AMERICAN SABLE. Northern United States. 12544. Mounted. Hudson’s Bay Territory. R. Kennicott. 379. Mounted. Hudson’s Bay Territory. R. Kennicott — Mounted. Hudson’s Bay Territory. R. Kennicott. 1015. Mounted. Hudson’s Bay Territory. R. Kennicott. 6414. Mounted. Yukon River, mouth of Porcupine, Hudson’s Bay Territory. R. Kennicott. 6429. Mounted. Yukon River, mouth of Poreupine, Hudson’s Bay Territory. R. Kennicott. Putorius erminea, (Linn.,) Cuvier—WHITE WEASEL: ERMINE.— Northern United States. 9355. Mounted. Kodiak. F. Bischoff. 1868. 6498 — 1029. Mounted. (Male.) Yukon River, mouth of Porcupine R. R, Kennicott. 1427. Mounted. (Male.) Middleboro, Mass. J. W. P. Jenks. Putorius lomgicanda, Bonaparte—LONG-TAILED WEASEL.— Western United States. 9350. Mounted. Wyoming Territory. Dr. F. V. Hayden. Putorius visom, Rich—Mimx.—North America generally. 12432. Mounted. (Male.) Moore’s Lake, Minn. J. H. Batty. 4396. Mounted. Liard River. R. Kennicott. 1653 — 12309. Mounted. United States. 2392. Mounted. Cape Flattery, W. T. Dr. Suckley. Putorius nigripes, Aud. & Bach—BLACK-FOOTED FERRET.— Western States (in holes of Prairie dogs). 12409. Mounted. Spotted Tail Agency, Neb. Col. A. Chambers, U.S. A. Oct. 1, 1875. 12462, Mounted. Cheyenne, Wyoming. Capt. Jas. Gilliss, U. S. A. Dee. 27, 1875. 4 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Gulo luscus, Sabine—WoOLVERENE or GLUTTON.—Northern North America. 3747. Mounted. Great Salt Lake, Utah. Capt. Stansbury. 4361. Mounted. Ft. Simpson, H. B.T. B.R. Ross. Taxidea americana, Waterh.— AMERICAN BADGER.—Western United States and Pacific Slope. 12471. Mounted. Colorado. Chas. E. Aiken. Jan. 15, 1876. Mephitis mephitica, (Shaw) Baird—Common Skunx.—Eastern United States. 4348. Mounted. Washington, D.C. C. Drexler. 12522. Mounted. Golden, Col. C. E. Aiken. 1071. Mounted. Middleboro, Mass. J. W.P. Jenks. 4127. Mounted. Lynn, Mass. George Welch. 1070. Mounted. (Male.) Middleboro, Mass. J. W.P. Jenks. Dee. 3, 1855. Mephitis mexicana, Gray.— MExIcAN SKUNK.—Mexico. 8566. Mounted. Orizaba, Mex. Mr. Botteni. Spilogale zorilla, (Linn.) Coues—LirrLe Strripep SKonK.— Western United States and Pacific Slope. 1188. Mounted. Santa Clara, Cal. Dr. J.S. Newberry. Nov., 1855. Conepatus mapurito, (Gmelin) Coues. — WHITE - BAcKi:L SKUNK.—Southwestern United States. 790 — 1886. Skin. Western Texas. Capt. J. Pope, U.S. A. LUTRINZ. Lutra canadensis, Sab—Am@RICAN OTTER.—North America generally. 3280. Mounted. Steilacoom, Wash. Ter. George Gibbs. 5145 — 4456. Mounted. Washington, D.C. National Institution. ENHYDRINZE. Enhydra marina, Fleming.—SrEA OTTtEeR.—Pacific Coast of the United States. 9457. Mounted. (Adult.) Alaska. Dr. T. T. Minor. 9458, Mounted. Alaska. Dr. T. T. Minor. URSIDE. Ursus horribilis, Ord.—Grizzty BEAR.—Western United States and Pacific Slope. 12308. Mounted. (16 years old.) Laramie, Wyoming. Major Twiss. (Con- fined in the Government Insane Hospital, Washington, from 1858 to 1874.) ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 5 Ursus americanus, Pallas—BLAck BEAR.—United States gen- erally. 12380. Mounted. Northern Michigan. John Wallace. Thalarctos maritimus, (Linn.) Gray.— WHITE or POLAR BEAR. —Northern America, Europe and Asia. 12379. Mounted. Greenland. John Wallace. PROCYONIDZ. Procyon lJotor, (Linn.) Storr—RAccoon.—United States generally. 5148. Mounted. National Institution. 5147. Mounted. National Institution. 26789. Mounted. Wyoming, N. Y. H. A. Ward. Rochester, N. Y. Nasua fusca, .—COATIMUNDI.—Texas. 12757. Mounted. Brownsville, Texas. Dr. J. C. Merrill, U.S. A. PINNIPEDIA. OTARIIDE. Callirhinus ursinus, (Schreber) Gray.—FurR SEAL.—North Pa- cific Ocean and Bering’s Sea. 12918-34. Mounted. (Group of 17.) Prybilov Islands, Alaska. Alaska Commercial Company, San Francisco. 12935. Mounted. Alaska. H. W. Elliott. Eumetopias Stelleri, (Fischer) Gray.—SEA Lion.—Pacific Coast. 12489. Mounted. (Female.) Prybilov Islands, Alaska. Alaska Commercial Company, San Francisco. 12488. Mounted. (Male.) Prybilov Islands, Alaska. Alaska Commercial Co., San Francisco. 12936. Mounted. (Young.) North Pacific. Zalophus Gilliespii, (Macbain) Gill—THE Sea Doc.—Pacific Coast. 12937. Mounted. Southern California. Capt. Baker. PHOCIDZA. PHOCINZ. Phoca vitulina, Linn—THE Common SEAL; HARBOR SEAL.— North Atlantic. 12453. Cast. Provincetown, Mass. 1875. 623. Photograph. (Young.) U.S. Fish Commission. 624, Photograph. U.S. Fish Commission. 6 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Phoca Richardsii, (Gray) Gill—LEOPARD SrAL.—North Pacific. 3742. Mounted. California. 12494. Mounted. AdakhId. Alaska. W.H. Dall. Pagophilus greniandicus, (Miill.,) Gray—HAarp SEAL.— Arctic Seas. 5853. Mounted. Sable Island, N.S. P. W. Dodd. 8122. Mounted. Franklin Harbor, Arctic Seas. R. McFarlane. 5851. Mounted. Sable Island, N. 8. P. W. Dodd. 12040. Mounted, St. John’s, N. F. Rey. M. Harvey. 5852. Mounted. Sable Island, N.S. P. W. Dodd. 12039. Mounted. St. John’s, N. F. Rev. M. Harvey. 12038. Mounted. St. John’s, N. F. Rev. M. Harvey. Erignathus barbatus, (O. Fabricius) Gill—SQuARE-FLIPPER SEAL.—Arctie Seas. 12422. Skin. Newfoundland. Government of Newfoundland. Hiistriophoca equestris, (Pallas) Gill—BANDED SEAL.—Pacific Coast, Arctic Seas. 7580. Skin (in collection of Furs). Cape Romanzoff. W. H. Dall. Pusa gryphus, (0. Fabricius) Gill—Gray SEAL.—Atlantic Coast. 8694. Mounted. Seeland. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen. CYSTOPHORINZ. Cystophora cristata, (Erxl.) Nilsson—HoopEp SEAL.—Atlantic Coast. 12043. Mounted. St. John’s, N. F. Rev. M. Harvey. Macrorhinus angustirostris, Gill—SeA ELEPHANT; ELE- PHANT SEAL.—Pacific Coast. 12441. Mounted. (Male.) California. Capt. C. M. Scammon. ROSMARIDZE. Rosmarus obesus, (Ilig.) GillL—Watrvus.—North Atlantic. 11870. Mounted. Greenland. Dr. IJ. I. Hayes. Rosmarus Cooliii, (Fremery) Gill—WaALRus.—Northern Pacific. 12493. Mounted. Prybilov Islands, Alaska. Alaska Commercial Co., San Fran- cisco. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 7 Orver, UNGULATA. BOVIDAZE. BOVINE. Bison americamus, (Gmelin) Gray.—AMERICAN BUFFALO.— Plains between Rocky Mountains and Missouri River. 12919. Mounted. Colorado. C. E. Aiken. Ovibos moschatus, Blainville. 12298. Mounted. (Female.) Arctic Coast, H. B. T. W. L. Hardestie. Jan. 23, 1875. Also skeleton of same animal. 12297. Mounted. (Male.) Arctic Coast, H. B. T. W. L. Hardestie. Jan. 23, 1875. Also skeleton of same animal. 6255. Mounted. (Male.) Ft. Good Hope, H. B.T. J. 8. Onion. ANTILOPIN Z. Mazama momtama, (Ord) Gill—MounraIn Goar.—Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States and British America. 11894. Mounted. (Male.) Montana. W. F. Wheeler and J. Armitage. 11893. Mounted. Washington Territory. U.S. Northern Boundary Survey. OVINZE. Ovis momtama, Cuvier—BicuorN; MounrTarIn SHEEP.—Rocky Mountain regions. 11891. Mounted. (Male.) Ft. Fetterman, Dakota. James Stevenson, U. 8. \ Geol. Survey. 1608. Horns. H. B. Méllhausen. ANTILOCAPRID EX. Antilocapra americama, Ord—PRONGHORN ANTELOPE or CABREE.—Plains west of Missouri from Lower Rio Grande to Saskatchewan. 2034. Mounted. (Male. ) Yellowstone River. Dr. F. V. Hayden. 2471. Horns. Ft. Chadbourne, Texas. Dr. Swift, U.S. A. 6914. Horns. Ft. Whipple, Arizona Ty. Dr. Elliott Coues, U. 8. A. 5084. Horns. Upper Missouri. ? CERVIDZ. Alces machlis, (Linn.) Gray.—Moosr.—Northwestern United States. 11868. Mounted. (Adult male.) Nova Scotia. Geo. A. Boardman. 12542. Mounted. (Adult male.) Nova Scotia. Mr. Jack. 11861. Mounted. (Young calf.) Nova Scotia. Dr. Bernard Gilpin. 857. Antlers. Maine. General S. Churchill, U. 8. A. —. Antlers. Adirondacks, N. Y. Henry J. Biddle. 8 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Tarandus rangifer, J. Brookes, subspecies caribou, Aud. & Bach.—W OODLAND CARIBOU.—Northeastern North Amer- ica. 12473. Mounted. Houlton, Me. Rev. R. R. MeLeod. 12407. Mounted. Houlton, Me. Rev. R. R. McLeod. 11865. Mounted. Lake Superior. J. Barnston. 3289. Antlers. (Female.) Nelson River. 3290. Antlers. (Female.) Nelson River. Tarandus rangifer, (Br.) subsp. greemlamdicus, Br—BARREN GROUND CARIBOU.—Arctic America. 6255. Mounted. Arctic America. 905. Antlers. North Greenland. §. Sternberg. 905. Antlers. North Greenland. S. Sternberg. 782. Antlers. Plover Bay. Capt. C. M. Scammon, U.S. R. M. 7539. Antlers. Yukon River. W. H. Dall. 4636. Antlers. Port Foulke, N. Greenland. Dr. J. I. Hayes. Cervus. camadensis, Erxl—American ELx.—Northern North America. 12474. Mounted. It. Sanders, Wyoming. Col. A. G. Brackett, U.S. A. 4457. Antlers. Elk Co., Penna. Prof. S. 8. Haldeman. £911. Antlers. Ft. Berthold, Missouri River. Lt. Warren, U.S. A., Dr. F. V. Hayden. 867. Antlers. Utah. Col. O. Cross, U.S. A. 2579. Antlers. Platte River. Lt. Bryan, U.S. A. 3052. Antlers. Ft. Tejon, Lower Cal. John Xantus. 3ool. Antlers. Ft. Tejon, Cal. John Xantus. 840. Antlers. Ft. Union, Mo. A. Culbertson. 761. Antlers. Ft. Union, Mo. A. Culbertson. 760. Antlers. Ft. Union, Mo. A. Culbertson. 2916. Antlers. Ft. Berthold, Missouri River. Lt. Warren, U. S. A., Dr. F. V. Hayden. 2905. Antlers. Ft. Berthold. Dr. F. V. Hayden. 2903. Antlers. Ft. Berthold. Dr. F. V. Hayden. 2910. Antlers. (Male.) Ft. Berthold. Dr. F. V. Hayden. 3486. Antlers. Oregon. U.S. Expl. Exped. Capt. Wilkes, U. S. N. 3487. Antlers. Oregon. U.S. Expl. Exped. Capt. Wilkes, U. S. N. Cariacus virgimiamus, (Boddert) Gray.—VirRGInNIA DEER.— United States east of the Missouri. 12461. Mounted. Cumberland, Md. D. P. Welpley. Dec. 26, 1875. 1889 — 2587. Mounted. (Young female.) Medicine Bow River, Ark. W. S. Wood. Sept. 6, 1856. - 12349. Mounted. (Albino.) Peshtigo, Wis. J. H. Leavenworth. 2909. Antlers. 763. Antlers. (Male.) Lewisburg, Pa. J.C. Barber. 4174. Antlers. 668. Antlers. (Male.) Cumberland, Md. 3386. Antlers. (Male.) Ft. Mason, Tex. Maj. G. H. Thomas. 914. Antlers. (Male.) Washington, D. C. 961. Antlers. (Male.) Arkansas. J. M. Stanley. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 9 Cariacus virginianus, (Boddert) Gray—Continued. 3383. Antlers. (Male.) Ft. Mason, Tex. Maj. G. H. Thomas. 3387. Antlers. (Male.) Ft. Mason, Tex. Maj. G. H. Thomas. 896. Antlers. St. Louis, Mo. J. S. Bowman. 3388. Antlers. (Male.) Ft. Mason, Tex. Maj. G. H. Thomas. 667. Antlers. (Male.) Cumberland, Md. 3062. Antlers. (Male.) Essex Co., N. Y. 895. Antlers. (Male.) St. Louis, Mo. J. S. Bowman. 9843. Antlers. Near Denver, Colo. E. Palmer. 5077. Antlers. (Male.) Washington, D. C. 5083. Antlers. Upper Missouri ? G€ariacus virginianus, (Bodd.) Gray, var. mexicamus.—VIR- GINIA DEER. 11859. Mounted. Talamanca, Costa Rica. Prof. W. M. Gabb. Cariacus macrotis, (Say) Gray—MUvULE DEER.—Central North America. 11864. Mounted. 12583. Mounted. Cheyenne, Wyo. Capt. J. M. Gilliss, U.S. A. 6615. Antlers. Prescott, Ariz. Dr. E. Coues. 831. Antlers. Big Sioux.? T. Culbertson. 4175. Antlers. 6918. Antlers. Ft. Laramie. Col. W. O. Collins. 3682. Antlers. Mountains of New Mexico. Dr. J. 8. Newberry. Cariacus columbiamus, (Rich.) Gray —CoLUMBIA BLACK-TAILED DEER.—Pacific Slope. 8154. Antlers. Puget Sound. J. G. Swan. 3203. Antlers. Whidby’s Island, Puget Sound, W. T. Dr. Geo. Suckley. 5080. Antlers. Puget Sound. Dr. C. B. Kennerly. 3204. Antlers. Whidby’s Island, Puget Sound. Dr. Geo. Suckley. Cervus dama, Linn.—F ALLOW DEER (introduced). 1200. Antlers. Park, Clarke Co., Va. Col. J. Fuley. 2207. Antlers. Clarke Co., Va. Col. J. Fuley. DICOTYELIDZE. Dicotyles torquatus, Cuv.—PEccARY.—Red River, Arkansas, and South. 12346. Mounted. Talamanca, Costa Rica. Talamanca Exped. Prof. W. M. Gabb. Orver, SERENTA. TRICHECHIDZ. Trichechus manatus, Linn.—MANATEE.—Florida, West Indies, and N. EB. South America. 12295. Mounted. Florida. P. T. Barnum. 160387. Skeleton. Florida. H. A. Ward. 10 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Orver, CETE. DELPHINIDE. DELPHINAPTERIN AE. Delphinapterus catodon, (Linn.) Gill—WHITE-FISH or WHITE WHALE.—Arctic and Subarctic Seas (ascending large rivers). 12490. Cast. Gulf of St. Lawrence. G. R. Renfrew & Co., Quebec. 16038. Skeleton. Gulf of St. Lawrence. G. R. Renfrew & Co. 389. Photograph. U.S. Fish Commission. Monodon momoceros, Linn.—NARWHAL.—Arctic Seas. 15304. Tusk. Greenland. Purchased from George Y. Nickerson. DELPHININZE. Leucorhamphus borealis, (Peale) Gill—RIGHT-WHALE PorR- POISE.—Pacifie Coast. . Skeleton. Deilphinus. Bairdii, Dall—Barrp’s PorPoise.—California Coast. 16042. Skeleton. California. W.H. Dall. 15403. Skull. San Gabriel River, Cal. Lieut. Bergland, U.S. A. Delphinus bombifroms, Cope—Porpoise.—Atlantic Coast. 12481.? Cast. New York Harbor. John Wallace. Tursiops erebemmus, (Cope) Gill—PorpoIsE.—Atlantie Coast. 15786. Skeleton. Rockaway, Long Id. Alfred Lawrence. TWursiops Gilisi, Dall—Cow-Frisu.—Pacific Coast. 16043. Skeleton. California. W. H. Dall. Lagenorhynechus perspicillatus, Cope—SkuNnkK PORPOISE.— Eastern Coast. 12305. Cast. Cape Cod. Vinal N. Edwards. Lagenorhymchus obliquidems, Gill—STrRIPED or COMMON PORPOISE.—Pacifie Coast. 14329. Skeleton. California. C. M. Scammon. Lagenorhynchus gubernator, Cope.—Eastern Coast. —. Cast. Casco Bay, Me. U.S. Fish Commission. Lagenorhynchus leucopleurus, (Raasch) Gray.—Cow-FIsH.— Eastern Coast. 12939, Cast. Cape Cod, Mass. U.S. Fish Commission. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Be Lagenorhynechus thicolea, Gray.—PoRPOISE.—West coast of North America. Orca atra, Cope.—KILLER.—Pacific Coast. 13018. Jaw. California. Capt. C. M. Scammon. Orca giadiator, (Bonnaterre) Gray.—KILLER.—Atlantic Coast. 11918. Skull. South Atlantic. S. F. Baird. Phoczemna vomerina, Gill—Bay Porpoisrk.—Pacific Coast. 16044. Skeleton. California. W. H. Dall. Phoczna limeata, Cope.—STRIPED PoRPOISE.—Atlantic Coast. 621. Photograph. U.S. F. C. Phoczena brachyciom, Cope.—TuE SNUFFING PIG or HERRING HoG.—Atlantic Coast. 12302. Cast. Cape Cod. Vinal N. Edwards. GLOBICEPHALINZE. Globicephalus Scammomi, Cope—BLACK-FISH.—Pacific Coast. "9076. Skull. California. Capt. C. M. Scammon. Globicephalus imtermedius, (Harlan) Gray.—BLACK-FIsH.— Atlantic Coast. 12479. Cast. (Feetus.) Cape Cod. U.S. Fish Commission. 12480. Plaster cast, (7 feet.) Cape Cod. Edwards. Noy. 14, 1874. 12480. Cast. 12840. Cast 351. Cast of head. South Dennis, Mass. U.S. Fish Commission. 1875. 12841. Cast 352. Cast of head. South Dennis, Mass. U.S. Fish Commission. 1875. Grampus griseus, (Cuyv.) Gray.—GramPus; Cow-FisH.—North Atlantic. 15771 — 12759, 508. Cast. Dec. 2, 1875. 15772 = 12760, 503. Skulls. Nov. 29, 1875. 15773 = 12761, 506. Cast of head and cast of whole. Nov. 30, 1875. 506 A. Cast. (Over entrance.) 622. Photograph. U. 8. Fish Commission. 12940. Cast of head. Cape Cod, Mass. V. N. Edwards. 12941. Cast of head. Cape Cod, Mass. V. N. Edwards. 12942. Cast of head. Cape Cod, Mass. V. N. Edwards. Grampus Stearmsii, Dall.— WHITE-HEADED or MOTTLED GRAMPUS.—Pacific Coast. 13021. Skeleton. California. W. H. Dall. 12 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. ZiPHIIDA. ZUP HINZE. Mesoplodon Sowerbiemsis, (Blainv.,) Gervais—SOWERBY’S WHALE.—Atlantic Coast. ANARNACINZ. Anarnacus semijumctus, (Cope) Gill—BoTTLE-HEAD WHALE,— Atlantic Coast. PHWYSETERIDE. PHYSETERINZE. Physeter macrocephaius, Linn.—SPpERM WHALE.—Tropico- politan Seas. 25052. Iron model. Made by captain of whaling ship. J. H. Thompson. New Bedford, Mass. 16046. Jaws. U.S. Fish Commission. 16047. Jaws. National Institute. 25004. Wooden model. Capt. Benj. Russell. New Bedford, Mass. 4 KOGIIN Z. Kogia Floweri, Gill—PorPois—e SPERM WHALE.—Pacific Coast. 8016. Lower jaw. Lower California. BALM NOPTERIDZE. AGAPHELINE. gaphelus gibbosus, (Cope) Cope—Scrace WHALE.—Atlantic Ocean. Rhachiamectes glaucus, Cope—GRAY WHALE.—Pacific Ocean. 13803. Skull. California. W. H. Dall. MEGAPTERINZE. Megaptera versabilis, Cope—HvumpBback WHALE.—Pacific Coast. 13804. Vertebra. Aleutian Islands. W. H. Dall. Megaptera osphyia, Cope—HvtmpPBback WHALE.—Atlantic Coast. Eschrichtius robustus, Lilljeborg—GriAs6 WHALE.—Atlantic Coast. BALZENOPTERINZE. Sibbaldius tectirostris, Cope—FmNBACK WHALE. — Atlantic Ocean. 16045. Skeleton. Cape Cod. U.S. Fish Commission. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 13 Sibbaldius tuberosus, Cope —FINBACK WHALE.—Atlantic Ocean. Sibbaldius borealis, (Fischer) Geoffroy.— SULPHUR-BOTTOM WHALE.—Atlantic Ocean. r 16039. Skeleton. Cape Cod. U.S. Fish Commission. Sibbaldius sulfwreus, Cope.—SULPHUR-BOTTOM WHALE. — Pacific Ocean. Balzxnoptera rostrata, (Miiller) Gray.—Grampvus.—Atlantic Coast. Balznoptera velifera, Cope—FINBACK WHALE; OREGON FIN- NER.—Pacific Ocean. Balznoptera Davidsomii, Scammon.—SHARP-HEADED FINNER WHALE.—Pacific Coast. 16040. Skeleton. California. Capt. C. M. Scammon. BAL ANID. Balzena mysticetus, Linn.—BowHEAD WHALE.— Arctic Seas. 12938. Model in plaster. From drawings and measurements of Capt. C. M. Scammon. 16041. Jaws. Arctic Ocean. U.S. Fish Commission. Eubalexna Cullamach, (Chamisso) Cope—PaAciFric RIGHT WHALE.—North Pacitic. 12988. Model in plaster. From drawings and measurements of Capt. C. M. Scammon. Eubalzna cisarctica, Cope—RIGHT WHALE.—Atlantic Coast. Orver, INSECTIVORA. TALPIDE. Scalops aquaticus, (Linn.) Cuy.—Eastern United States. 3965. Mounted. (Male.) Washington, D.C. G. Exall. 5830. Mounted. (Female.) Washington, D.C. G. Exall. 3966. Mounted. District of Columbia, 1858. C. Drexler. 3964. Mounted. (Albino.) Virginia, October 30, 1846. D. F. Kent. Scallops argentatus, Aud. & Bach.—SILvery MoLe.—Western United States. 11351. Alcoholic. Mt. Carmel, Tl. R. Ridgway. 783. Mounted. Tremont, Ill. W. J. Shaw. 14 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Scapanus Townsendii, (Bachman) Pomel—OrrEGoN MoLE.— Pacifie Slope. 3963. Mounted. Oregon. T. R. Peale. U.S. Exploring Expedition. 1963. Mounted. Ft. Steilacoom, Wash. Ter. Dr. George Suckley, U. 8. A. Scapanus Breweri, (Bachman) Pomel. HAtry-TAILED MoLE.— Eastern United States. 823. Mounted. Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. J. P. Kirtland. Condylura cristata, (Linn.) Iliger—SrTar-Nosep MoLE.—North- ern cismontane States. 3968. Mounted. Washington, D. C. Orver, GLIRES. SCIURIDE. Sciurus cimereus, Linn.—Fox SquirREL.—Eastern United States. 4143. Mounted. District of Columbia. C. Drexler. 321 — 1240. Mounted. Western Missouri. Dr. P. R. Hoy. 1854. 4044. Mounted. (Male.) District of Columbia. A. R. Jenkins. Sciurus carolimemsis, Gmelin—GRAY SQUIRREL.— United States. 4042. Mounted. - District of Columbia. S. F. Baird. 334 — 1252. Mounted. Racine, Wis. Rev. A. C. Barry. 332 — 1250. Mounted. Racine, Wis. Dr. P. R. Hoy. 11071. Mounted. New York. J. G. Bell. 5844. Mounted. Washington, D.C. J. K. Townsend. Sciurus fossor, Peale—CALTFORNIA GRAY SQUIRREL.—Pacific Slope. 4040. Mounted. (Male.) California. Dr. Heerman. Sciurus Abertii, Woodhouse.—TUFT-EARED SQUIRREL.—Southern Colorado, New Mexico, &e. 12576. Mounted. (Male.) Colorado Springs, Colo. C. E. Aiken. 12578. Mounted. (Male.) Colorado Springs, Colo. C. E. Aiken. 2430. Mounted. San Francisco Mts., N. M. Dr. Woodhouse. Sciurus hudsomius, Pallas—RED SQUIRREL; CHICKAREE.— Cismontane United States and Alaska. 12435. Mounted. (Male.) Hartford, Minn. J. H. Batty. 9241. Mounted. New Brunswick. G. A. Boardman. 3264. Mounted. Laramie Peak. J. Henman. Tamias striatus, (Linn.) Cuv.—CurpmunK.—Eastern United States. 4013. Mounted. Washington, D.C. A. J. Falls. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED SLATES. 15 Vamias quadrivittatus, (Say) Rich—Missourr STRIPED SQUIRREL.—Pacific Slope, in mountains. 4661. Mounted. Yreka, Cal. W. Vielle. 4662. Mounted. Yreka, Cal. W. Vielle. Wamias lateralis, (Say) Allen—Say’s STRIPED SQUIRREL.— Rocky Mountains, from Mexico northward. 9320. Mounted. Carson City, Nevada. U.S. Survey of Fortieth Parallel. Robert Ridgway. March, 1868. Spermophilus grammurus, (Say) Bach—CALIFORNIA GROUND SQUIRREL.—Western Texas and New Mexico west to Sierra Nevada Mountains. 1046—2215. Mounted. Los Nogales, Sonora. Maj. W. H. Emory, U.S. A. Spermophilus grammurus, (Say) Bach. var. Beechyi.— CALIFORNIA GROUND SQUIRREL.—Cala. and Lower Cala., west of Sierra Nevadas. 469. Mounted. Tejon Valley, Cal. Dr. A. L. Heerman. 470. Mounted. Tejon Valley, Cal. Dr. A. L. Heerman. Spermophilus Marrisi, Aud. & Bach Harris’ GROUND SQurirR- REL.—The Great Interior Basin and Lower California. 471—1600. Mounted. Mohave Desert. Lieut. R. S. Williamson. Spermophilus Franklimi, (Sabine) Rich—GRrAyY GOPHER.— Northern Illinois, northward to the Saskatchewan. 985. Skin. Racine, Wis. Dr. P. R. Hoy. Spermophilus tereticaudis, Aud. & Bach—ROUND-TAILED GROUND SQUIRREL.—Arizona. 1584. Skin. Fort Yuma, Cal. Maj. G. H. Thomas. Spermophilus tridecem-limeatus, (Mitchell) Aud. & Bach.— STRIPED GOPHER; PRAIRIE SQUIRREL.—The prairies of the United States. 437—1303. Mounted. Head of Arkansas River. Capt. E. G. Beckwith. Spermophilus mexicamus, (Erxleben) Wagner.—MEXICAN GROUND SQUIRREL.—Southwestern Texas and Southern New Mexico, southeastward into Mexico. 3662. Mounted. Eagle Pass, Texas. Dr. W.S. King, U.S. A. Spermophilus Parryi, Rich—Parry’s Marmot.—Northern parts of the Continent, from Hudson’s Bay to Behring’s Strait. 8736. Mounted. .Pelly Lake. R. R. MacFarlane. June 21, 1864. 5789. Mounted. Lockhart River, H. B. T. B.R. Ross. July 4, 1860. 9366. Mounted. Kodiak. F. Bischoff. Sept. 13, 1868. 16 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Spermophilus spilesoma, Bennett—SonoraA GROUND SQuIrR- REL.—LHastern base of the Rocky Mountains north to West- ern Wyoming. 2620. Fort Thorn, N. Mex. Dr. T. C. Henry. Spermophilus Richardsomi, (Sabine) Baird—YELLOW GoPpHER.—Plains of the Saskatchewan southward to the Upper Missouri. 12360. Skin. Fort Saunders, Wyo., Col. A. G. Brackett. Spermophilus Towmsemdi, Bach—ToOwNsEND’s GROUND SQUIRREL.—Plains of Columbia. 3775. Camp Lloyd, Utah. Capt. J. H. Simpson, U. 8. A. Spermophilus anmulatus, Aud. & Bach—RINGED GROUND SQUIRREL.—Plains of Colima, Mexico. —. Skins. Cynomys ludovicianus, (Ord) Baird—Prairm Doc.—Great plains east of the Rocky Mountains. 4057. Mounted. (Female.) Platte River, Ark. Dr. Woodhouse. 7770 —345. Mounted. (Male.) Ft. Larned. Dr. E. Coues. May 31, 1864. 11458. Mounted. Colorado. J. H. Batty. 9559. Mounted. Soda Springs, Colo. Jas. Stevenson. Cynomys columbiamnus, (Ord) Allen.—SHORT-TAILED PRATRIE Do«g.—The parks and plains within and west of the Rocky Mountains to the plains of Columbia. 5849. Mounted. Fort Bridger, Utah. C. Drexler. Arctomys monax, Linn. WoopcHucK.—Eastern North America. 26788. Mounted. Wyoming, N. Y. H. A. Ward, Rochester, N. Y. Arctomys caligatus, Eschscholtz—_NORTHWESTERN MARMOT.— Puget’s Sound northward, west of the Rocky Mountains. 9493. Mounted. Ft. Kenag, Alaska. F. Bischoff. May 16, 1869. 12485. Mounted. Arctomys flaviventer, Aud. & Bach—YELLOW-FOOTED MAR- morT.—Rocky Mountains west of the Pacific Coast. 8834. Mounted. Fort Anderson. R. McFarlane. 2753. Mounted. Near Fort Ellis, Montana. W. B. Platt. HAPLODONTID£. Haplodontia leporima, Rich—SEWELLEL; SHow7’L.—Pacific Slope (especially about Puget’s Sound). 1966. Mounted. (Male.) Ft. Steilacoom, Wash. Ter. Dr. Geo. Suckley. 4046. Mounted. Puget’s Sound, Ex. Ex. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 17 CASTORIDAE. Castor canadensis, Kuhl. AMERICAN BEAVER.—United States generally. 9724. Mounted. (Young.) Henry Fork,G. R. Dr. F. V. Hayden. Oct., 1870. GEOWYVIDE. Geomys bursarius, Rich—PoucHED or POCKET GOPHER.—Mis- souri to Minnesota and Nebraska. 91. Mounted. Columbia River, Oregon. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. «reomys tuza, (Ord,) Coues.—FLORIDA SALAMANDER.—NSoutheast- ern States. 11905. Skins. Jacksonville, Fla. G. Brown Goode. Geomys castanops, Baird—TEXAS POUCHED GOPHER.—Texas and New Mexico. . 4007. Mounted. Bent’s Fork. Lt. Abert. Thomomys talpoides, (Rich) Baird.—CALimornIA GOPHER.— Northern and Western North America. 366—1280. Mounted. Monterey, California. Lt. W. P. Trowbridge. Thomomys clusius, Coues.—SMALL-FOOTED POUCHED GOPHER. —Rocky Mountains. ——. Skins. Ft. Bridger, Utah. MURID AE. Mus decumanus, Pallas—Brown Rar.—United States generally. (Introduced.) 5847. Mounted. Washington, D. C. Mas rattus, Linn.—BLack Ratr.—United States generally, but rare. (Introduced.) 12—921. Skin. Foxburg, Pa. S. F. Baird. Mus musculus.—Comvon Movuse.—United States generally. (In- troduced.) 4051. Mounted. (Albino.) District of Columbia. Hesperomys leucopus, Wagner—WUITE-FOOTED MOoOUSE.— Northern United States west of the Mississippi River. 1358. Monoted. Halifax. N.S. A. Downes. Bull. N. M. No. 14-——2 18 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Neotoma floridama, Say & Ord.—FLoripa Rar; Woop Ratr.— Atlantic Slope northward to New York. 4334. Mounted. Hillsboro, Va. N,. Janney. Neotoma cimerea, (Ord) Baird—Rocky Mountain Rar.—Pacitic Slope and Upper Missouri. 5665. Mounted. Fort Liard, Hudson's Bay Terr. Ross and Hardesty. Fiber zibethicus, Cuv.—Muvsk Ravr.—United States generally. 4050. Mounted. (Female.) District of Columbia. R. O. Pollard. HYSTRICID®E. Erethizon dorsatus, (Linn.) Flem., car. dorsatus.—WHITE- HAIRED PORCUPINE.—Northern United States. 11086. Mounted. Maine. John Wallace. 12402. Mounted. (Female.) Mt. Washington, N. H. C.J. King. July 3, 1875. Erethizon dorsatus, (Linn.) F. Cuv., va. epixanthus.—YEL- LOW-HAIRED PoORCUPINE.—Pacific Slope and Upper Mis- souri region. 9745. Mounted. Fort Bridger, Wyoming. Dr. F. V. Hayden, U. 8. Geologist. Sept. 29, 1870. SuporpER DUPLICIDENTATA. LEPORID.E. Lepus timidus, Fab., var. areticus.—PoLAR HARE.—Arctic and Subarectic America. 1356. Mounted. (Young.) Newfoundland. John Downes. Summer 1856. 5181. Mounted. Newfoundland. J. R. Willis. 353. Mounted. Newfoundland. J. G. Bell. Winter 1854. Lepus americanus, Erxl., var. americanus, Allen.—NoRrtTH- ERN HARE; WHITE HARE.—Northeastern North America. 12478. Mounted. Cumberland, Md. D. P. Welpley. Lepus americanus, Erx]l— NorTHERN HARE; WHITE RABair— Alaska and British North America east of the Roexy Mountains. 4430. Mounted. (Male.). Ft. Liard, H. B. T. Robert Kennicott. Lepus americanus, var. virginianus.—ViIrRGINIA HARE.— astern United States south of Nova Scotia. 11067. Mounted. J. G. Bell. 959. Mounted. Middleboro, Mass. J. W. P. Jenks. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 12 Lepus americanus, Erxl., var. Washingtonii.—hEepD HAare.— West of Rocky Mountains from Columbia River into British Columbia. 3817. Mounted. Chiloweyuck Depot, Oregon. Dr. C. B. Kennerly, U. 8. A. June, 1859. BAIRD’s HARE.— Lepus americanus, Erxl., var. Bairdil. Higher parts of Rocky Mountains. 4265. Mounted. (Female.) Wind River Mountains. Dr. F. V. Hayden. 5882. Mounted. Head of Flathead River, Washington Ty. Dr. C. B. Kennerly, N. W. Boundary Survey. Winter 1860. 3791. Mounted. Ft. Bridger, Utah. J. H. Simpson. 308. Mounted. Shoalwater Bay. Dr. J. G. Cooper, Pacific R. R. Survey. March 5, 1854. Lepus campestris, Bach.—PRrAmi£c£ HArE.—Central plains of North America. 1552. Mounted. Upper Missouri. Dr. F. V. Hayden. 4240. Mounted. (Male.) Deer Creek. Dr. F. V. Hayden. Dec. 18, 1859. 69 — 972. Mounted. Ft. Union, Neb. T. Culbertson. 12013. Mounted. (Male.) Frenchman’s Creek, Montana. Dr. E.Coues, U.S. England, hook No. 3. h. Blue Dun, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Fur of a gray squirrel spun very thinly on fine yellow silk. Tail—Two tibers of a dun hackle. Wings—From a quill-feather of the blue-jay. Legs—Two or three turns of a ginger-dun hackle at the shoulder helps to keep the wings upright. For Pennsylvania, hook No. 6; for New York, hook No. 5; for New England, hook No. 4. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 103 Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 39737. Artificial flies for salmon, trout, and bass—Continued. i. Red Spinner, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Bright brown silk ribbed, with fine gold twist. Tail—Two fibers of red cock’s hackle. Wings—Upright from a mottled gray feather of the mallard stained a pale blue, the brighter in color the better. LLegs—Plain red cock’s hackle. For Pennsylvania, hook No. 6; for New York, hook No. 5; for New England, hook No. 4. j. Nicholson. k. Black Dog. 1. Atkinson. m. Policeman. n. Claret Wasp. o. Blue Wasp. p. Wren-tail, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Ginger-colored fur ribbed with gold twist. Wings—Feathers from a wren’s tail; if these cannot be procured a small scapular feather of the woodcock makes a good imitation, and may be hackled with the same kind of feather. For Pennsylvania, hook No. 10; for New York, hook No. 8; for > New England, hook No. 6. q. Red Ant, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Peacock’s herl tied with red-brown silk. Wings—From the quill- feather of the blue-jay. Legs—A small red cock’s hackle. r. Silver Horns, with water-color sketch of original. s. Golden-dun Midge, with water-color sketch of original. t. Sand-fly, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Of the sandy-colored fur from the rabbit’s neck or from the fox-squirrel spun on silk of the same color. Wings—From the whimbrel wing made full. Legs—From a light-ginger feather from the neck of a hen. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New York, hooks Nos. 5 and 6; for New England, hooks Nos. 4 and 5. u. Stone-fly, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Fur of the gray squirrel, when it is shortest is best, mixed with a little yellow mohair, leaving yellow about the tail. Tail—A strand or two of brown mottled feathers, say of mallard. Wings—From the soft inside feather of the pea-hen’s wing. Legs—Blue-dun cock’s hackle. For Penn- sylvania, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New York, hooks Nos. 5 and 6; for New Eng- land, hooks Nos. 4 and 5. . Gravel-bed, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Dark dun or lead-colored silk floss dressed very fine. Wings—From a covert-feather of the woodcock’s wing. Legs—A black cock’s hackle, rather long, wound twice only round the body. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. 104 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Cooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 32737. Artificial flies for salmon, trout, and bass—Continued. w. Grannum, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Fur of a rabbit’s face with a little fine green mohair worked in at the tail. Wings—From the inside wing-teather of a grouse. Legs—A pale ginger hen’s hackle. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6, x. Yellow Dun, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Yellow mohair mixed with a little pale blue from a mouse or yellow floss silk with the least blue rabbit fur spun upon it. Wings—Upright, from the inside wing-feather of a mallard or summer duck. For Pennsyl- vania, hook No. 10; for New York, hook No. 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. y. Iron-blue Dun, with water-color sketch of original. z. Hawthorn, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Black ostrich’s herl. Wings—From the quill-feather of the English snipe. Legs—A black cock’s hackle. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. aa. Jenny Spinner, with water-color sketch of original. ab. Dennison. Body—Green floss silk ribbed with silver twist. Tail—Orange-tipped fibres of tippet, wood-duck, ibis, and green parrot. Legs—A golden yellow hackle. Wings—Of the following kinds: wood-duck, tippet, brown mallard, bustard, green parrot, blue and yellow macaw, with a few strands of red macaw; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ac. Deacon. Body—Bright yellow seal’s fur ribbed with silver tinsel backed with gold twist. Tail—Sprigs of gray mallard and ibis. Legs—Bright yellow hackle. Wings—Strips of gray mallard dressed full; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 2 and 3. ad. Montreal. Body—Claret mohair ribbed with gold tinsel. Tail—Three of four fibres of scarlet ibis. Legs—Claret hackle. Wings—Brown turkey. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ae. Rangely. Body—Dark claret mohair ribbed with gold tinsel. Tail—Fibres of wood- duck and ibis. Legs—Dark claret hackle. Wing—Strips of wood-duck mixed with sprigs of scarlet ibis. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. af. Tinselled Ibis. Body—Silver tinsel ribbed with gold twist. Tail—A slip of wood-duck mixed with ibis. Legs—A covert wing-feather of the ibis. Wings—Strips from the large covert-feather of the ibis (the wing may be varied, adding a slip of wood-duck on each side); black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 105 Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 02737. Artificial flies for salmon, trout, and bass—Continued. ag. Lake George. Body—Gold twist ribbed with silver twist. Tail—A small China topping. Legs—A bright orange hackle with a shoulder of bright claret. Wings— Two tippet feathers mixed with argus pheasant, brown mallard; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ah. Chateaugay. Body—Lemon-yellow floss ribbed with gold twist. Tail—A few tibres of brown mallard. Legs—A ginger-colored cock’s hackle. Wings—Strips of shoveller duck mixed with fibres of argus pheasant. ai. Yellow Drake. Body—Yellow mohair ribbed with silver twist. Tail—Three fibres of yellow macaw. Legs—Yellow hackle with two turns of ibison shoulder. Wings— Strips of gray mallard; black ostrich head. Hook No. 3. aj. Richardson. Body—A light-blue floss silk ribbed with silver twist. Tail—Three strands of brown mallard. Legs—Black cock’s hackle. Wings—Strips of English blue-jay mixed with brown mallard. Hooks Nos. 3 and 4. ak. Anthony. al. Snow-fly. am. Captain. an. Combination. Body—First half, yellow seal’s fur; second half, red-claret seal ribbed with silver tinsel (the fur to be picked out). Tail—A few fibres of gray mallard mixed withibis. Legs—A naturalred hackle dipped in yellow dye. Wings —A piece of the same kind of hackle with pale ibis strips. On each side a piece of gray mallard sufficiently large to make the wing full; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ao. Silver Doctor. Body—Silver tinsel ribbed with gold twist. Tail—China pheasant topping. Legs—A pale-blue hackle with a small teal or guinea-hen at the shoulder. Wings—Mixed fibres of wood-duck, brown mallard, guinea-hen, green parrot, blue macaw, teal, and bustard; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 2 and 3. ap. Prouty. Body—First joint, silver twist; second, black ostrich with three turns of the twist over it. Tail—Orange floss with a turn or two cf twist, a topping mixed with fibres of English blue-jay. Legs—A yellow dyed list hackle wound over the ostrich. Wings—Strips of white swan dyed yellow. One each side a rib of teal-feather, red macaw feelers; black cstrich head. Heoks Nos. 2 and 3. aq. Black Cricket. - ar. Grasshopper. 106 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 32737. Artificial flies for salmon, trout, and bass—Continued. as. Great Blow. at. Cadis. au. Murray. Black silk floss ribbed with silver twist. Tail—A small feather from the neck of the scarlet ibis. Legs—A golden yellow hackle. Wings—Dark mottled turkey; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1 and 2. av. Round Lake. aw. Nameless. Body—Brown ostrich herl, ribbed with gold twist, tag orange floss. Tail— Two or three short sprigs of yellow macaw. Legs—A small sooty orange hackle, wound from tag to shoulder. Wings—Alternate strips of brown peacock-wing feather and shoveller duck, with a sprig or two of wood-duck; peacock herl head. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ax. Racquette. Is made in two joints of black orange mohair with gold tinsel. Legs—A dyed black hackle wound from tailto head. Tail—Bright yellow toucan. Wings —A mixture of gold pheasant tail, argus, and teal. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ay. Priest. az. Francis Sykes. ba. Duke. bb. Dhoon. be. Dustin. bd. Lascelles. be. Snitching Sandy. bf. Prouty. bg. Grace. bh. Powells. bi. Hawthorne. bj. Edmonson. bk. Whitcher. bl. Carshalton. bm. Professor. Body—Yellow mohair or silk floss ribbed with silver twist or tinsel. Tail— Two or three strands of scarlet ibis-wing feathers. Wings—From the gray. bn. Coughton. bo. Alder. bp. Channtry. bq. Kingdom. br. Hoflan Fancy. bs. Coachman. Body—Peacock’s herl. Wings—From a white hen’s wing-feather, or a pigeon- wing feather will answer the purpose. Legs—A red cock’s hackle wound twice or thrice at the shoulder. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 5 and 6; for New England, hooks Nos. 4 and 5. \ ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 107 Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 32737. Artificial flies for salmon, trout, and bass—Continued. bt. Willow. bu. Prouty. bv. Notion. Body—First half gold twist, remainder brown mohair, with three turns of the twist over‘it. Tail—A topping mixed with blue kingfisher. Legs— Brown hackle. Wings—Two tippet feathers mixed with argus pheasant, brown mallard, teal, China pheasant-tail feathers, blue and yellow macaw, with a blue kingfisher on each side of the wing; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 2 and 3. bw. Louise. Body—Brown mohair ribbed with gold twist. Tail—China feather topping. Legs—Reddish brown hackle, blue-jay on shoulder. Wings—Pheasant tippet feather and tail mixed with sprigs of green parrot, blue macaw, and kingfisher. Head—Orange mohair. Hooks Nos. 1 and 2. bx. Round Lake. Body—Orange and red claret merging into each other, silver tinselled. Tail— Sprigs of gold pheasant tippet, blue macaw, and green parrakeet. Legs--- A claret hackle with a turn or two of orange on the shoulder. Wings-- Two strips of brown turkey, with a small jungle-cock’s feather on each side. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. by. Nicholson. bz. Our Pattern. ca. Saranac. Body—Claret floss silk ribbed with gold tinsel, backed with silver twist. Tail—China pheasant crest-feather. Legs—A claret hackle. Wings—Two China pheasant tippet feathers on either side, a strip or two of brown mallard and argus pheasant; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1-0, 2, and 3. cb. Long Tom of Long Lake. Body—Gray squirrel mixed with a little green mohair ribbed with silver tinsel. Tail—China pheasant crest-feather. LLegs—A blue dun cock’s hackle; at shoulder two or three turns of bright claret hackle. Wings—Strips of brown mallard mixed with strands of summer duck, peacock-wing, and upper coverts of the wild turkey, red macaw feelers; black plush head. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ce. St. Regis. Body—Cinnamon mohair ribbed with double gold twist. Tail—A strip of China pheasant tippet mixed with a few strands of bustard. Legs—A chestnut hackle with three turns or so of orange-dyed guinea-hen, small and short in the fibres. Wings—Strips of brown mallard, brown turkey, English pheasant tail, and China tippet; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1 and 2. i . 108 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 32737. Artificial flies for salmon, trout, and bass—Continued. cd. No. 8. Body—Three or four turns of mohair, rest of black mohair ribbed with silver tinsel and backed with gold twist. Tail—A small topping. Legs—A dyed black hackle and a shoulder of red claret. Wings—Mixed fibres of mallard, guinea-hen tail-feather over wing, two strips of dark turkey tipped with white. Hooks Nos. 2 and 3. ce. Highlander. cf. Lady of Mertoun. Body—Water-rats fur ribbed with silver twist. 'Tail—A tip of common os- trich or mohair and a gold pheasant topping. LLegs—Two or three turns of a small red hackle finished off with a black hackle. Wings—Strips of dark gray mallard. Head—Crimson ostrich or mohair. Hooks Nos. 1-0,1, and 2. cg. Toppy. Body—Black mohair ribbed with silver tinsel. Tail—A topping tip crimson. Legs—A turn or two of red hackle, the rest black hackle. Wings—Black or brown turkey tipped with white. Head—Crimson. Hooks Nos. 1-0, 1, and 2, ch. Sapper. Body—Orange mohair ribbed with gold tinsel. Tail—Fibres of green parrot, guinea-hen, tippet feather, and ibis. Legs—Orange hackle, shoulder a dyed black hackle. Wings—Strips of peacock-wing feather, brown mallard, green parrot, guinea-hen, gold pheasant tail, blue macaw feelers; black os- trich head. Hooks Nos. 1-0 and 1. ci. Stephens. Body—Brick-colored, silk ribbed with gold twist and blue tip. Tail—Gold pheasant topping. Legs—Hackle, same color as body. Wings—Gold pheasant tippet and sight mixture of mallard; black ostrich head. Hooks None cj. Jock Scott. Body—In two joints, gold-colored floss the lowest, and black floss the upper; from the joint are tied two short toucan points, and over the butts of them at the joints two turns of black ostrich. Tail—One gold pheasant topping and one Indian crow feather. Legs—Black hackle over the black joint and speckled guinea-hen at the shoulder. Wings—A white tip turkey, slip in the middle fibres of bustard, teal, brown mallard, yellow, red, and green parrot, one topping over all; blue macaw feelers. Body—Orange floss silk ribbed with ash-colored silk thread or a little floss, the ash-color to be shown well at the tail and shoulders. Wings—From a scapular feather of the woodcock. Legs—A furnace hackle or red cock’s hackle with a black list up the middle. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. dy. Black Gnat, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Black ostrich herl. Wings—From the quill-feather of the rice-bird or grakle. Legs—Black hackle. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 10 to 12; for New York, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New England, hook No. 8. ’ dz. Fern Fly, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Orange floss silk. Wings—From the quill-feather of the summer- duck wing; the smaller-sized hooks can be dressed from the wing-feather co blue-jay. Legs—A red cock’s hackle. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. ea. Yellow Sally, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Any yellowish fur ribbed with yellow or apple-green silk. Wings— From a wing-feather of a white hen or white pigeon stained pale yellow. Legs—A white cock’s hackle stained in the same dye. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New York, hooks Nos. 5 and 6; for New England, hooks Nos. 4 and 5, ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 111 Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 32737. Artificial flies for salmon, trout, and bass—Continued. eb. Alder Fly, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Peacock’s herl. Wings—From a feather of a brown hen’s wing. Legs—A red cock’s hackle or a black cock’s hackle will answer tolerably well. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos, 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 5 and 6; for New England, hooks Nos. 4 and 5. ec. Sky Blue, with water-color sketch of original. ed. Little dark Spinner, with water-color sketch of original. ee. Turkey Brown, with water-color sketch of original. ef. Magalloway. Body—Half black ostrich and half brown mohair ribbed with gold twist. Tail—Short fibers of yellow macaw. Legs—A furnace hackle of the shoulder. Wings—Strips of brown quill-feathers of the peacock; black ostrich head. Hook No.-3. eg. Bemis Stream. Body—Chestnut mohair ribbed with gold tinsel. Tail—China pheasant top- ping. Legs—A chestnut hackle. Wings—Strips of brown peacock mixed with bustard. Hooks Nos. 1 and 2. eh. Mooselocmaguntick. Body—About equal parts mixed of gray squirrel’s fur and pea-green mohair ribbed with gold twist. Tail—Four strands of argus feathers. Legs—A brown bittern hackle. Wings—Gray speckled turkey, white tipped (dye yellow), with a strip of argus feather on each side; green ostrich head. Hook No. 1. ei. Molechunkemunk. Body—Orange floss silk ribbed with gold tinsel, backed with silver twist. Tail—China pheasant topping. Legs—A furnace hackle. Wings—Brown mallard; black ostrich head. ej. Willow Finch. Body—yYellow seal’s fur ribbed with silver twist. Tail—Sprigs of tippeti feathers mixed with yellow macaw. Legs—A yellow hackle, at the shoul- der a small guinea-hen stained yellow. Wings—Strips of swan feather dyed yellow with a spray of guinea-hen (tail-feather) dyed yellow; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1, 2, and 3. ek. Oquassac. Body—Red claret mohair ribbed with pink floss. Tail—Yellow tag with pieces of argus and tippet feathers. Legs—A claret hackle. Wings—Strips from the quill-feather of the argus pheasant; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1-0 and 1. el. Welokennebago. Body—Red pig’s hair ribbed with broad gold tinsel, backed with silver twist. Tail—A mixture of black turkey tipped with white and scarlet ihis. Legs— Scarlet hackle. Wings—Fibers of red macaw mixed with strips of black and brown turkey tipped with white; black ostrich head. 112° ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 32737. Artificial flies for trout, salmon, and bass—Continued. em. Capsuptue. Body—Silver tinsel ribbed with gold twist. Tail—Fibers of China pheasant en. e0. ep. eq. er. es. et. eu. ev. ew. ex. ey. ez. fa. fo. IG: Jd. fe. Sf. S49. tail mixed with guinea-hen and red macaw. Legs—A brilliant scarlet hackle. Wings—Mixed and to be made full. Two strips of brown turkey tipped with white-brown mallard, China pheasant tail and guinea-hen; black ostrich head. Hooks Nos. 1-0, 1, and 2. Orange Grouse. Thunder and Lightning. Lough Gill. Lillie. Black Ant. Blue Blow. Mare. Hare’s Ear. Ibis. Seth Green. Red Creeper. Turkey Brown. Queen of the Waters. Governor. White Miller. Lion. Water-witch. Atkinson. Our Own Pattern. Green Drake, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Pale straw-colored floss silk ribbed “vith brown silk thread or floss ; Fh. the extremities are of brown peacock’s herl. Tail—Three rabbit’s whiskers. Wings—Made from a mottled feather of mallard stained a pale yellowish- green. Legs—A grizzled cock’s hackle stained a yellowish-green in the same dye. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New York, hooks Nos. 4 to 6; for New England, hooks Nos. 3 and 4, Gray Drake, with water-color sketch of original. Body—The middle part of white floss silk ribbed with silver twist; the ex- fi. tremities of brown peacock’s herl. Tail—Three rabbit’s whiskers. Wings— Made from a gray mottled feather of the mallard. Size of hooks same as green drake. Orange Dun, with water-color sketch of original. This fly is equally attractive to trout, and is a prime favorite in its day—the Si. fk fi. end of June, July, and August. Body—sDark orange silk. Tail—Two fibers of brown mallard feather. Wings—From the quill-feather of the large red-crowned woodpecker. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New York, hook No. 6; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. Green Mackerel, with water-color sketch of original. Brown Mackerel, with water-color sketch of original. Marlow Buwez, with water-color sketch of original. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 113 Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and aboriginal manufacture). 32737. Artificial flies for trout, salmon, and bass—Continued. fm. Pale Evening Dun, with water-color sketch of original. jn. July Dun, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Mole’s fur and pale-yellow mohair mixed and spun on yellow sill. Tail—Two or three whiskers of a dark dun hackle. Wings—From the quill-feather of a blue-jay. Legs—Dark dun hackle. For Pennsylvanin, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. fo. Gold-eyed Gange-wing, with water-color sketch of original. tp. Butcher, No. 1. tq. Blue Rauger. jr. Black Ranger. fs. Colonel. ft. Children’s Farlow. fu. Candlestick Maker. fv. Baker. fw. Butcher. fx. Namsen. fy. Black and Teal. 2. Guinea Hen. ga. Claret. gb. Inquithin. ge. Maxwell Ranger. gd. August Dun, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Brown floss silk ribbed with yellow silk thread. Tail—Two rabbit's whiskers. Wings—Feather of a brown hen’s wing. Legs—A dark red hackle. For Pennsylvania, hook No. 8; for New York, hook No. 6; for New England, hook No. 5. ge. Orange, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Orange floss silk ribbed with black silk. Wings—Dark part of the blue-jay’s wing. Legs—A very dark furnace hackle. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 6 to 8; for New England, hook No. 6. gf. Cinnamon, with water-color sketch of original. Body—F awn-colored floss silk ribbed with red silk thread. Wings—Feather of a yellow-brown hen’s wing. Legs—A ginger hackle. For Pennsylvania, hook No. 8; for New York, hook No. 6; for New England, hook No. 6. - gg. Blue-bottle, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Bright blue floss silk with a few turns of brown floss at the shoulder. Wings—From the quill-feather of a water-hen. Legs—Black hackle from a cock wrapped down the principal part of the body. For Pennsylvania, hook No. 8; for New York, hook No. 6; for New England, hook No. 5. gh. Whirling-blue Dun, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Squirrel’s red-brown fur mixed with yellow mohair. Tail—One or two whisks of a pale ginger hackle. Wings—From the quill-feather of a mallard. Jor Pennsylvania, hook No. 8; for New York, hook No. 8; for New England, hook No. 6. Bull. N. M. No. 14 8 114 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Hooks (including a full series of unmounted hooks, of recent and 3273 aboriginal manufacture). 7. Artificial flies for trout, salmon, and bass—Continued. gi. Willow, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Mole’s fur mixed with a little fine yellow mohair. Wings—From the quill-feather of a water-hen or coot. Legs—A dark dun hen’s hackle. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 8 to 10; for New York, hook No. 8; for New England, hooks Nos. 5 and 6. gj. Snowy. gk. gl. Beauty Snow. Red Palmer, with water-color sketch of original. Body—Red mohair ribbed with gold twist or tinsel. LLegs—A blood-red gm. gn. go. gp- 94: gr. gs. gt. qu. gv. gw. gu. gy: gz. cock’s (saddle) hackle wrapped nicely over it, working the hackle closely - together at the shoulder. For Pennsylvania, hooks Nos. 6, 8, and 10; for New York, hooks Nos. 4, 5, and 6; for New England, hooks Nos, 3, 4, and 5, Black and Red Palmer, with water-color sketch of original. Brown Palmer, with water-color sketch of original. Furnace. Grizzle. Ginger. List. Soldier. White. Grizzle Peacock. Red. Black Peacock. Black. Brown Peacock. Scarlet. 25548. Salmon fly-book for carrying artificial flies. 25547. Trout fly-book for carrying artificial flies. Loaned by Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. ($4.50.) 26677. Fly-book. Forest & Stream Publishing Company. Property of J. A. [Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. 26678. Fly-book. es a 26679. Fly-book. 3 Lines (twisted and plaited). Silk lines. 25633. Series of braided raw-silk lines. (50 yards; CtoG.) G. H. Mans- field & Co., Canton, Mass. 25632. Oiled, braided, raw-silk lines. G. H. Mansfield & Co., Canton, Mass, 25628. XXXX silk fish-line. (50 yards.) ss 25629. XX silk fish-line. (50 yards.) ar 25634. Grass lines. Nos. 0, 1, and 3 eable, and 3 shroud. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25635. Braided grass lines. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 115 Lines (twisted and plaited). Linen lines. 25626. Hard-braid linen lines. 25631. 25612. 25613. 25618. 25637. (1 to 5; 50 yards each.) G. H. Mansfield & Co., Canton, Mass. Series of braided linen fish-lines. (50 yards.) G. H. Mansfield & Co., Canton, Mass. Linen fish-lines. Linen fish-lines. Linen fish-lines. Linen bass-line. Cotton lines. 25619. 25620. 25621. 25622. 26738. 26733. 26743. 26741 26735. 26744. 26739. 26742. 26740. 26734. 26745. 26736. 26732. 25624. 25623. 26016. 25625. 25636. 25627. 650. Cotton fish-lines. Cotton fish-lines. Cotton fish-lines. Cotton fish-lines. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-line, No. . Fishing-lne, No. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-line, No. Fishing-lines, No. 7, 8, and 9. J. & S. Allen, aves Mass. “ (600 feet.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. (20 feet hank.) L. Crandall & Co., Ashaway, R. I. (50 feet shroud, laid.) te (28-fathom hawser. ) - (14-fathom hawser. ) ee 3. (Sea-Island fly-line.) J. W. Dresser, Castine, Me. ce “ec (Golden mackerel, oiled.) ee (Golden mackerel, oiled.) ‘ NAAM ars (Golden mackerel, white.) “ oe 7. (White.) ‘s a 8 (Golden mackerel, oiled.) “‘ & 9. (Golden mackerel, oiled.) “ ss 9, ce “e (Sea-side cotton chalk-line, white.) J. W. Dresser, anne Me. Fishing-line, No. Castine, Me. Fishing-line, No. 10. (14 fathoms, hawser-laid.) J. W. Dresser, 11. (Bluefish.) (24 fathoms long, hawser-laid. ) J. W. Dresser, Castine, Me. Tarred cotton fishing-lines. (25-fathom shroud.) L. Crandall & Co., Ashaway, R. I. Cotton fishing-lines. (50 feet shroud, laid.) L. Crandall & Co., Ashaway, R. I. Golden mackerel lines of assorted sizes. Je We Braided cotton fishing-lines. Sea-Island cotton mackerel-lines. Water-proof braided fish-lines. cotton. Canton, Mass. Fishing-line. Whalebone lines. 2193. Whalebone fish-line. 2197. Whalebone line with hooks. 2016. Northwest coast of America. Made from pure Sea-Island Dresser, Castine, Me. G. H. Mansfield & Co., Canton, Mass. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. (B to G.) G. H. Mansfield & Co., G. Gibbs. Anderson River Indians. Anderson River. R. MacFarlane. Farlane. Whalebone line. Eskimo. Anderson River. R. Mae- Arctic coast. B. R. Ross. 11G ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Lines (twisted and piaited). Hide lines. 8787. Fishing-line made of seal-skin. Mahlemut Eskimo, W. H. Dall. 3785. Fishing-line made of seal-skin. Kaviakemut Eskimo. Grantley Harbor, Alaska. W. H. Dall. 8786. Fishing-line made of seal-skin. Unaleet Eskimo. St. Michaels, Alaska. W. H. Dall. 16314. Harpoon-line. Nunivak Island, Alaska. W. H. Dall. 15617. Harpoon-line. Made of skin of young walrus. Alaska. H. W. Elliott. 19376. Harpoon-line made of seal-skin. Rey. James Curly. Bark lines. 20655. Fishing-line made of cedar bark. Bella Bella, B. C. J. G. Swan. 20888. Fishing-line made of spruce root-fibers. Hannegan Indians. Prince of Wales Islands, Alaska. J.G. Swan. 26821. Harpoon-line, cedar bark. Makah Indians. J. G. Swan. Kelp lines. 656. Fishing-lines of sea-weed. (Nereocystis lutkeana.) Northwest coast of America. G. Gibbs. 6561. Fish-line of kelp. (Nereocystis lutkeana.) “With halibut-hooks. Hai- dah Indians. Prince of Wales Archipelago. Dr. T. T. Minor. 1052. Fish-line. (Nereocystis lutkeana.) Northwest coast. Lieut. J. W. White. 26818. Halibut-line of kelp. (Nereocystis lutkeana.) Makah Indians. Neah Bay, W.T. J. G. Swan. 26819. Fish-line of kelp with halibut-hooks. Clyoquot Indians. Vancou- ver’s Island. J. G. Swan. (ACCESSORY.) APPARATUS FOR TWISTING LINES Snoods, leaders, and traces. “Cat-gut” (sheep) snoods and leaders. Silkworm-gut snoods. Flax snoods. Gimp snoods. Wire snoods, Hooks mounted on leaders. 25540. Kinsey trout-hooks. (Tied to gut.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25542. Aberdeenhooks. (Tiedto gut.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25543. Hollow-point Limerick hooks. (Tied to double gut.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25544. Hollow-point Limerick hooks. (Tied to twisted gut.) . Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. : 25545. Hollow-point Limerick hooks. (Tied to gimp.) Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. 25546. Carlislehooks. (Tied to gimp.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25539. Hollow-point Limerick trout-hooks. (Tied to gut.) Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. 25541. New York bass-hooks. (Tied to gut.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Ly Siniers. Sinkers and swivels. —_—_— . 25605. 25607. 25716. 29456. 15591. Sinkersandswivels. For fishing-lines. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Series of sinkers used in fishing for cod and tautog. Newport models. _ J. M. K. Southwick, Newport, iam Hand-line sinkers. Rhode Island and Eastern Connecticut. A. R. Crittenden. Cod-line sinker. Central Wharf Company, Provincetown, Mass. Cod-lead mold. Used to make form in molding. John B. Parsons, Rockport, Mass. Sinker made of walrus ivory. Pornoox Eskimos, Alaska. H. W. Elliott. Net-sinkers. Net-sinkers. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 29393. Net-rings or sinkers. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 29474, 25800. 25603. Spreaders. Primitive net-sinkers. Used in Wellfleet, Mass. Newell B. Rich, Wellfleet, Mass. Menhaden-net sinkers (old style). Formerly used about Beverly and Salem, Mass. George B. Foster, Beverly, Mass. Seine-sinkers. Newport model. J. M. K. Southwick, Newport, R. I. Chopsticks. One-armed chopsticks or “revolving booms.” Floats. Line-floats of wood, cork, and quill. 25661. 25662. 25663. 25664. Egg-shaped floats. Wm. M. Young, Philadelphia, Penn. “ce Barrel-shaped floats. ce Snake-head floats. ‘6 “ Quill floats. “c ‘ Seine-floats of cork, wood, glass, and rubber tubing. 25597. Seine-corks. Used at Newport, R.I. J.M.K. Southwick, Newport, es Harpoon-floats of bladder, inflated skin, and wood. 20898. 1035. 19515. 26824. 26823. 20594. Seal-skin buoy. Sitka Alaska. J. G. Swan. Seal-skin buoy. Makah Indians. Puget Sound. J. G. Swan. Seal-skin buoy. North Greenland. G. Y. Nickerson. Seal-skin buoy. (Used in whale fisheries. ) Clyoquot Indians, Van- couver’s Island. J. G. Swan. Seal-skin buoy. (Used in whale fisheries.) Clyoquot Indians, Van- couver’s Island. J. G. Swan. Seal’s bladder buoy. Bella Bella, B. C. J. G. Swan. 827, 4970. Seal-skin huoy with rope. Makah Indians. Neeah Bay, Puget Sound, W. T. J. G. Swan. Keg and other floats for lobster-pots, gill-nets, &e. Whiale-line drag. 118 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Reels. 29. (ACCESSORY.) ANGLING-APPARATUS. Simple reels for fly-fishing, with and without check. 25590. vo OU Or OD © 23565 25569. 25571 29579. 25560. 25564. . . Brass fishing-reel. Plain, single, with ring. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Brass fishing-reel. Plain, single, with plate. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Brass fishing-reel. Plain, single, with stop and ring. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 3 Brass fishing-reel. Plain, single, with stop and plate. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Hard-rubber fishing-reel, German-silver band. Rim very narrow, with leather case. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Hard-rubber salmon-fishing reel. German-silver rim. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Rubber trout-reel. (Fowler’s patent.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Orvis’ patent fishing-reel. German silver, nickeled and perforated. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 7. Fine click brass fishing-reel. (25 yards.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Brass fishing-reel. Click, with plate. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Brass fishing-reel. Click, with ring. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. German-silver trout-fishing reel. Click, with rim. Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. German-silver trout click fishing-reel. (1&0 yards.) Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. Hard-rubber trout-fishing reel. Click, German-silver rim. Hard-rubber trout-fishing reel. Click, plain rim. Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. Celluloid trout click fishing-reel. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. German-silver trout click fishing-reel. (60 yards.) Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. German-silver salmon-fishing reel, click. (44 inch.) Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Multiplying reels for bass-fishing, with and without check. 25580. 25583, 26688 26687. 26686. 26689 26916 26665. Celluloid fishing-reel. Multiplying and click. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Brass fishing-reel. Multiplying, stop and ring. Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. Fowler reel. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contrib- [uted by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. Fowler reel. e ae Frankfort reel. es a Plain reel. & ss Winans reel. J. Ross Winans, Baltimore, Md. Reel for trolling-line. Property of J. A Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 119 Reels. Multiplying reels for bass fishing, with or without check. 25574. German-silver fishing-reel. Multiplying; 25 yards. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25570. Hard rubber trout-fishing reel. Multiplying; 60 yards. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25584. Brass fishing-reel. Multiplying stop and plate. Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. 25573. Brass fishing-reel. Multiplying drag; 60 yards. Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. 25572. German-silver fishing-reel. Steel pivot, multiplying drag, 300 yards. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 25578. Celluloid fishing-reel. With multiplying click and extra spool. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Gunwale-winches. Trawl-line rollers. 29432. Trawl-roller or hauler. Provincetown style. Andrew Kennedy, Provincetown, Mass. 29434. Trawl-roller or hauler. Cape Ann style. Samuel Elwell, jr., Glou- cester, Mass. 29488. Trawl-roller and eye-plate. First used by Provincetown fishermen. Amasa Taylor, Provincetown, Mass. 29445. Improved trawl-roller and socket. Amasa Taylor, Provincetown, Mass. 25767. Trawl-roller. Used to haul in trawls over the sides of dory. Allen L. McDonald, Gloucester, Mass. ——. Trawl-winch. Gloucester, Mass. G. Brown Goode. Dredge-line rollers. Seine-windlasses. Lime-holders. Whaleman’s line-tub. 88 F.C. Sounding-line reel. U.S. Fish Commission. 25009. Harpoon-line and tub. Used in whale-boat. J. H. Thomson, New Bedford, Mass. Tub for trawl-line. (See under Trawl.) Winders. Spools. 25592. Crab-line reel. Used in Newport, R. I. J. M. K. Southwick, New- port, R. I. Seine-reels. Rods. 25511. Common rod. Three pieces; ash and hornbeam; brass mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 120 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Rods. 25498. 25497. 25496. 25499. nr 25505. 26887. 25887. 25886. . General fishing-rod. Nine pieces; German-silver mounting. Brad- ford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . General fishing-rod. Six pieces; ash and lancewood ; German-silver mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Trunk-rod of greenheart; five-jointed, with extra fourth piece and tip, seven pieces in all; weight, 8 0z.; length, 11 feet 6 inches. Thaddeus Norris, Philadelphia, Pa. . Gudgeon-rod. Three pieces; ash and hornbeam; brass mounting ; common. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Common pickerel-rod. Four pieces. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Bait-rod for trout. Four pieces; common. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Jointed rod. Four joints, extra tips, tie guides; made of Caleutta bamboo; full mounted in brass. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Common bass-rod. Four pieces; brass mounted. Bradford & An- thony, Boston, Mass. Light bass-rod. Four pieces; extra top; ash and lancewood; Ger- man-silver mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Bass-rod. Four pieces and extra top for sea-fishing ; ash and lance- wood; German-silver mounting; jeweled tip. Bradford & Aut- thony, Boston, Mass. Sea-bass rod. Ash butt joint, bamboo middle joint, lancewood stock ; double guides, jeweled ; German-silver mounting; jeweled tips. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Black-bass rod. Four pieces and two extra tops; split bam- boo; German-silver mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 2. Fly-rod. Three pieces and extra top; cedar and split bamboo. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Fly-rod. Three pieces and extra top; extra middle joint ; bamboo tip case; ash and lancewood; German-silver mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Fly-rod. Four pieces and extra top; ash and lancewood; German- silver mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Salmon-rod of greenheart, four-jointed in cedar case, with extra third piece and tip; weight, 30 oz.; length, 17 feet 3 inches. Thaddeus Norris, Philadelphia, Pa. . Fly-rod for trout. Three pieces and extra top; split bamboo; Ger- man-silver mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Trout-rod. Four pieces and extra top; ash and lancewood ; German- silver mounting; agate-lined tips. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. . Salmon-rod. Four pieces and extra tops; bamboo top-case ; ash and lancewood; German-silver mounting. Bradford & Anthony, Bos- ton, Mass. ; The ‘Cold Brook,” hollow, fly-rod. (Patented June 22, 1875.) J. L. Graves, Springfield, Mass. The “Cold Brook,” hollow, salmon, bass, and angling rod. Nickel- plated, with reel showing an attached line working. (Patented June 22, 1875.) J. L. Graves, Springfield, Mass. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 121 Rods. The following are the advantages claimed by Mr. Graves for his new rods: e ‘J, Thelineis concealed and cannot be caught in underbrush or branches. 2, The strain on the rod is equalized through the entire length. 8 There is no friction through rings or guides except on the tip. 4, The strength of the tod is greatly increased. 5. The weight of the rod is diminished. G. The wet line is not reeled up to decay. 7. The rod goes under the brush where the big trout lie. 8. It adds greatly to the comfort and pleasure of ‘the gentle art.” 26661. Plain fly-rod. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Con- tributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 26662. Bait-rod. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 26663. Bait-rod. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 26712. English fly-rods. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Con- tributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 26707. Rod-case. Property of J.. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 25882. Split bamboo trout-rod. 113 feet.. H. L. Leonard, Bangor, Me. 26660. Split bamboo rod. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Con- tributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 96888. Extra greenheart trout-rod; cedar case ; three-jointed, with one extra middle and two extra tips, six pieces in all; weight, 8 0z.; length, 12 feet. Thaddeus Norris, Philadelphia, Pa. 26889. Rent and glued bamboo trout-rod in cedar case, with one extra mid- dle and two extra tips, six pieces in all; weight, 8 0z.; length, 12 feet. Thaddeus Norris, Philadelphia, Pa. 26885. Plain trout-rod of greenheart ; three-jointed, with extra middle and tip, five pieces; weight, 8 02.3 length, Thaddeus Norris, Philadelphia, Pa. 25881. Split bamboo grilse-rod. 14 feet. H. L. Leonard, Bangor, Me. 95883. Split bamboo salmon-rod. 16 feet. ee ce 25884. Piece of bamboo. Showing spliting precess in construction of rods. H. L. Leonard, Bangor, Me. 25885. Piece of bamboo. Showing gluing process in construction of rods. H. L. Leonard, Bangor, Me. 25491. Chapman’s combination trolling-pole. Harpoon-line holder and cane. W. D. Chapman, Theresa, N. Ne Swivels. 25798. Horn cod-line swivel. Much used in olden time by Grand and George’s Banks fishermen. George B. Foster, Beverly, Mass. 95945. Cod-line swivel. Central Wharf Company, Gloucester, Mass. 96017. Cod-line gange-swivel. A. R. Crittenden, Middletown, Conn. 95944-6. Patent gange-swivel. Used in cod-fishing. Central Wharf Com- a pany, Gloucester, Mass. 29486. Cod-gange swivel. Showing mode of fastening. Lemuel Cook, 2d, Provincetown, Mass. 99487. Haddock-gange swivel. Showing mode of fastening. Lemuel Cook, 2d, Provincetown, Mass. 29392. Wood harse-swivel. Used on cod-line. Capt. E. L. Rowe, Gloucester, Mass. 122 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Swivels. 25942, 29457. 29395. 29476. 29498. 25187. 25946. Halibut-gange. Showing mode of fastening on the hook. A. R. Crittenden. é Shark-hook swivel. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Primitive trawl-buoy swivels. George B. Foster, Beverly, Mass. Halibut-trawl-buoy swivel. Used by the George’s Banks fishermen. Amasa Taylor, Provincetojvn, Mass. Trawl-buoy swivels. Alex. McCurdy, East Gloucester, Mass. Trawl-buoyropeswivel. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Trawl-buoy rope swivel. Central Wharf Company, Provincetown, Mass. Clearing-rings. Disgorgers. 29435. Trawl-sheave bushing. Samuel Elwell, jr., Gloucester, Mass. Halibut ‘‘ gob-stick.” Philip Merchant, Gloucester, Mass. y. NETS. ENTANGLING-NETS. Meshing-mets (entangling in meshes). t Barrier-nets. Rabbit-nets, used by Indians of the Southwest. 14405-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21. Small rabbit -nets. Pi-Ute Indians, Southern Utah. Maj. J. W. Powell. 14500. Smallrabbit-net. Pi-Ute Indians, Southern Utah. Maj. J. W. Powell. » 11245. Small rabbit-net. es “ 12058. Small rabbit-net. s f ff 12051, 53. Large rabbit-net. cf Obie “ 11247. Large rabbit-net. er : e “ 14430-31. Large rabbit-net. & a = 14401-2-3. Large bunt net (for rabbits). = rr 19049. Rabbit-net. Cooyuwee Pi-Ute Indians, Southern Utah. Stephen Powers. These nets are used largely in the capture of rabbits for food; they are stretched in long lines by means of slender crotched sticks which support the upper edge. The chaparral is then scoured for miles by the Indians on horseback and on foot, and the rabbits, which are very abundant in the sage-brush, are driven into the meshes of the nets. The species thus captured are the sage-hare (Lepus sylvaticus var. artemisie), and the mule or jackass hare (Lepus callotis), Bird mesh-nets. Gill-net. Gill-nets used in Great Lakes. 2751. Model of Lake Michigan gill-net. Secale: Depth, 1 inch to the foot; length, 4 of inch to the foot. J. W. Milner. The gill-netting in use on the Great Lakes is knit from linen thread, two and three ply (25-4, 2-cord, and 30-50, 3-cord), from eleven to twenty- ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. a Meshing-mets (entangling in meshes). Gill-nets used in the Great Lakes. two meshes in depth, 32 to5 inch mesh. The nets when hung or mounted for use contain from one to three pounds of webbing, and range in length from 60 to 120 yards, and in depth from 44 to 6 feet. They are set in gangs of from three to five nets, and three to five gangs are laid out in one setting usnally by aid of sailboats or steamers. (See models of Macki- naw boat and lake gill-net steamer. ) For floating the upper line, round or octagonal floats of bark, or wooden pickets about two and one-half feet in length, are used. Sinkers are of lead or stone. The nets are set in from 20 to 100 fathoms of water, the lead-line resting upon the bottom. They are taken out once a week and dried. ks They are used principally for the capture of the whitefish (Coregonus albus, §-c.), and the lake trout (Salmo namaycush), though most of the com- mon lake fishes are taken in these meshes. Sea-Island cotton (3, 4,5, and 6 thread) is being largely substituted for linen in their manufacture. The weight of the twine preferred by fishermen varies in different locali- ties, that used in Green Bay being the finest, that in Lake Erie next, then Lakes Michigan and Superior, and heaviest in Lake Huron. Lake Ontario consumes about 5,000 pounds of netting annually, Erie 7,500, Huron 6,000, Michigan 20,000, Green Bay 2,500, and Lake Superior 5,000. The aggregate length of this netting is probably about 4,575,000 yards. Sisco and herring gill-nets. Used in the Great Lakes in the capture of the sisco (Salmo siscowet) and the lake herring (Argyrosomus clupeiformis). * These nets are hung and set like the whitefish-nets previously described. They are knit from linen thread (35-60, ?-cord) 30 to 40 meshes in depth, and 2i+03inch mesh. About 2,500 pounds are annually consumed, chiefly about Sacket’s Harbor, N. Y., and Lakes Huron and Michigan. (E. B. French. ) Anchored gill-nets. Used on the coast from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras in the capture of the blue- fish (Pomatomus saltatria). *These nets are knit from cotton twines (12-18 thread, 4 patent), and are 75 to 100 fathoms in length, and 80 to 200 meshes in depth, from 4} to 6 inch mesh. They are heavily leaded and anchored with lead-line on the bottom, off-shore, in from 10 to 20 fathoms of water. They are chiefly used by New York fishing vessels; probably 1,000 or more are in use on the coast. In the winter season the fishing vessels follow the bluefish as far south as Cape Hatteras. (E. B. French.) Hook or trap gill-nets. Used on the coast of New Jersey in the capture of the Spanish mackerel (Cybium maculatum), &e. *These nets are peculiar in shape. They are straight nets, anchored in the form of an b with a hook-like continuation, heavily leaded, and with anchors at the angles. They are knit from cotton twines (9-12 thread, 4 patent), the outer end being of finer twine. Their length is about 100 fathoms, depth 75-100 meshes, 33 to 4 inch mesh. About 100 of these are in use on the coast, mostly between Sandy Hook and Barnegat Light. (E. B. French.) pede te pigs teers we te 8 te Re no *The nets belonging to this series are enumerated below, among Nos. 26848-26880. 124 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Meshimng-=mets (entangling in meshes). Salmon hook-gill-net of the Saint Lawrence. t Drift-nets. t Those drifting across the tide. Shad gill-nets used in Southern rivers. 26126, 26131-2. Model of shad gill-net. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York. Used in rivers of the Atlantic coast. These nets are knit of linen thread (22-50, 3-cord, and 20-60, 2-cord). They range in length from 50 to 200 fathoms, and in depth from 25 to 90 meshes, 43 to 5inch mesh. They are used exclusively as drift-nets. On the Connecticut River about 4,000 pounds of this netting are used annually. The average weight of a net is 30 to 40 pounds, its depth 45 to 50 meshes, 54 to 54 inches. On the Hudson River about 7,500 pounds are annually used, fine threads (50-75, 2-cord), 100 to 200 fathoms in length, and from 50 to 90 meshes in depth, 4% to 5 inch, weight from 15 to 30 pounds to the net. In the Delaware, Potomac, and Chesapeake 20,000 pounds are used, from 30 to 60 meshes in depth, and £4 (30 to 40, 2-cord) length, 75 to 100 fathoms. In the rivers of North Carolina nets are made from coarse twine (22-35, 3-cord, and 20-35, 2-cord) 25 to 40 meshes in depth, 5-54 gauge. Their length is about 100 yards. About 25,000 pounds are used annually. In the rivers of South Carolina the twine is slightly finer than in North Carolina (25-35, 3-cord), 25 to 60 meshes deep, the size otherwise about the same. 1,500 pounds are used annually. In Georgia and Florida about 6,000 pounds are used. This netting is knit from linen thread (50-40, 3-cord, and 25-35, 2-cord) 40 to 60 meshes in depth; 4% to 54 mesh. About 18 to 24 pounds are used in a net; its length 100 yards. (KE. B. French.) Herring gill-nets. Used in Hudson and Delaware Rivers in capture of the alewife or herring (Pomolobus pseudoharengus). * Knit from 30-40, 2-cord, thread, from 45 to 100 meshes in depth, 24 to 3 inch mesh; about 13 pounds to a net on the Hudson and 6 to 7 pounds on the Delaware; the nets on the Hudson, 60 to 100 meshes, on the Dela- ware from 35 to G0. About 2,500 pounds used annually. (1. B. French.) Mullet gill-nets. Used principally on the Saint John’s River, Florida. Knit from coarse linen thread (16-25, 3-cord) and from 36 to 50 meshes indepth. The size of mesh varies with the season: in July 34, August 33, September 4 inch. The average length of the nets is 100 to 150 yards. About 1,500 to 2,000 pounds in use on Saint John’s River, and about 1,000 pounds of cotton (7; and 42 to #2) nets on the Gulf coast from 30 to 40 meshes in depth, 34 to 32, not varying with seasons. (KE. B. French.) *The nets belonging to this series are enumerated below, among Nos, 26848-26880 Po ei die =e ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 125 Micahana mets (entangling in meshes). Series of samples of gill-netting. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York: 26848. Depth 15 ee size ce mesh 1} mek No. 20 (3) shred: 26849. “ 35 Q1 «40 (2) 96850. cc“ 100 2 “ cc 24 “cs oe 95 (3) “cc Open te ee aes Pe “ Oe ern kee ONC Ne 96852. ce 50 “ “cs 22 “oe “ce 95 (3) “cc 96853. “ce 99 aS cc 22 ce ce 35 (2 “cc og854. “ 5O * « pe 6 8 16 (ay 96655. “ 100° “ «“ Pe Fe Wy CNOA al aes ogee. 100) «“ i 1 a 6k SOB (Nn o6as7. 100, * «“ aa) fee acts (On CRN ies 96858. “c 16 ce ce 3h “ce oe 95 (2 “ 96859. “cc 16 oe “ce ot “e “ce 30 (2) 6é L686! i “ce AO “ oe oe ce “ 18 (3) “ce 96861. 6c 50 79 ce 4 ce 6c 2() (3) ée 96882. ““ a “e “cc 4 “c“ 6c 35 (3) “ec 96863. © 35 « «“ Ae oe | Ce AC SNy Lee 96854. “ec 16 “ce ce 44 oe “ 35 (3) éé 26865. ‘“c 45 “c 6“ AN “AO (3) “ ogse6. “ 14 * «“ Ate ean Ok ARIS Ye Me 96887. “ec 14 ‘c“ ec At ce ce 50 (3) “cc 96868. “és 14 “ec “ 4 ee ce 35 (2) “ce 96859. “cr 14 “cc “ec / + (73 oe 85 (2) “ce Oes70... 1G. « dys te tO. Seah 6 26871. cc 15 ée “ At ce “ec 50 (3) “cc Beers. 4) /te-. # «“ ALE) SEC. e 26873. ce 16 oe cc AR oe “ec 35 (3) 6c 96874. “cr 45 “é ce 5 cc ce 30 (2) “6 95875. oe 12 cc“ ce 5 oe ce 30 (2) oe 26876. “ 60 “ic ce 5 oe “ce 35 (2) “ce 26877. cc 65 be ce 5 “ce “ 40 (2) ce 26878. 6c 35 ‘“ 6s eps ee 6 35 (3) “ 96879. “ 7 ‘ Eph ere een aii 26880. 6é 11 ce ce 6 oe “se 35 (3) 6s t Drift-nets. t Those drifting across the tide. 26135. One bale of brown gill-netting. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. 96139. One bale of white gill-netting. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. +t Those drifting along the tide. Mackerel gill-nets. Herring gill nets. 96124-28-38. Herring gill-net. Used on the coast of New England and the Provinces in the capture of the herring (Clupea har engus). Amer ican Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. 126 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Meshing-mnets (entangling in meshes). Herring gill-nets. These nets are about 40 yards long and 150 meshes in depth. They are stretched together in big gangs, floated by pieces of wood and weighted by stones. They are made of 45 and 6 thread cotton from 14 to 20 yarn, 24 inch average mesh. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. . Model of herring gill-net. American Net and Twine Company, Bos- ton, Mass. Other gill-nets. 1667. Gill-net. Anderson River Eskimos. Anderson River, H. B. T. R. MacFarlane. 7962. Gill-net made of animal fiber. Kawquettle Indians. Vancouver’s Island, B. C. Dr. T. T. Minor. 19043. Gill-net. Cooyuwee Pi-Ute Indians. Pyramid Lake, Nev. Stephen. Powers. 4765. Gill-net made of ‘‘Babiche.” Anderson River Indians. Mackenzie’s River district, H. B. T. MacFarlane. Pocket-nets (entangling in pockets). Trammel-nets. 25270. Model trammel-net. 10 feet long, 2 feet wide, 2. and 5 inch mesh. William E. Hooper & Sons, Baltimore, Md. 26118-29. Trammel-net. American Net and Twine Company. Used for general fishing in rivers and ponds of Northern Mississippi Valley. These nets range from 20 to 75 yards in length, 4 to 6} feet in depth. The inside netting of finer linen thread (20-25, 3-cord), mesh 2-24, + deeper than the outside. The outside netting-wall from cotton (15-21 thread), mesh 8 to 10 inches. (KE. B. French.) 31. ENCIRCLING-NETS. . Scines, Seines. 26134. Seven bales of brown seine-netting. Used for manufacture of pounds, traps, seines, fykes, &c. American Net and Twine Com- pany, Boston, Mass. 26139. Eighteen bales of white seine-netting. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. Seal-seines. 17270. Seal-net made of sinew. Found wrapped about a mummy. Kaga- mil Island, Alaska. Alaska Commercial Company, San Francisco, Cal. Manatee-seines. Shad-seines. Mullet-seines. Menhaden-seines, ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 127 Seimes. Bass-seines. Bluefish-seines. Capelin-seines. Herring-seines. 26119. Model of herring-seine. Used on coasts of New England and the Provinces in capture of herring (Clupea harengus), and in the Hud- son, Potomac, Delaware, and Chesapeake, and in North Carolina. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. 26127. Model of herring-seine. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. Shad-seines. These are used in the rivers of the Atlantic and Gulf coast. These seines are knit from cotton thread. On the Connecticut River, the seines are of nine-thread twine, 5-5} mesh; on the Hudson, the mesh is four inches, knit of six-thread twine in the wings and nine thread in the bunt. In the Delaware, Potomac, and Chesapeake, the mesh is 3} to 43 inches, the twine 12, 15, and 18 thread; in North Carolina, the mesh is 21 to 34 inches, and the cotton twine twelve-thread. (E. B. French.) Cod-seines. 26137. Model of cod-seine. Used in Provinces in capture of cod (Gadus morrhua). American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New - York. 30 to 40 feet deep. Mesh 5 inches, 18 to 21 thread, cotton. Lance-bunts. Baird collecting-seines. 26136. Baird net. Designed by Prof. S. F. Baird. Used by naturalists in collecting small fishes in brooks and ponds and in following behind large seines to secure the small species which escape through the meshes, six-thread coarse cotton. American Net and Twine Com- pany, Boston, Mass. 26126. Model of Baird net. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. Bait-seines. 26123, 26130. Model of minnow-seine. Used by amateurs in capture of minnow-bait. +4to 2 inch mesh, six-thread cotton twine. Ameri- can Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. 26121. Model of minnow-seine, with bag. Used by fishermen to secure bait for eel-pots. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. 26668. Minnow-seine. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N.Y. Contrib- uted by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. Other seines. 2232. Seine. Anderson River Eskimos. Mackenzie’s River district. Robert MacFarlane. 2444, Seine made of “‘babiche.” Tschutchi Indians. Capt. John Rodgers, U.S. N., North Pacific Exploring Expedition. 128 ANIMAL Seimes. RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Other seines. 2445. 2446, 2447. Seine made of ‘“‘babiche.” Tschutchi Indians. U.S. N., North Pacifie Exploring Expedition. Hand-seine made of grass. Tschutchi Indians. U.S. N., North Pacific Exploring Expedition. Hand-seine made of grass. Tschutchi Indians. U.S. N., North Pacific Exploring Expedition. Capt. John Rodgers, Capt. John Rodgers, Capt. John Rodgers, 19234. Salmon-net. McCloud River Indians. Shasta County, Cal. Liv- ingston Stone. 20648. Salmon-net. Indians of Northwest coast. Fort Simpson, B.C. J.° G. Swan. | 2231. Hand-seine. Anderson River Eskimo. Mackenzie’s River district, H. B. T. RB. Kennicott. 21368. Fishing-net. Made from fiber of milkweced (Asclepias sp.). Hooch- norre Indians. South Eel River, Cal. Stephen Powers. 7929. Fishing-net. Made from fibers of pineapple (Tillandsia sp.). Mira- dor, Mex. Dr. Sartorius. 297. Fishing-net made of willow bark. Kootchin Indians. Mackenzie’s River district, H. B. T. R. Kennicott. 4883. Net made of ‘‘silkweed.” Fort Crook Indians. Fort Crook, Cal. Capt. J. W. T. Gardiner. Hoop-nets. Handle, or dip nets. Bull-nets (worked with ropes and blocks). Scoop-nets (herring-nets, pound-scoops, car-scoops, &c.). 25608. 25165. Ba FC. 25229. 26141. 26141. 26141. Bow of scoop-net. Used in dipping fish from smack’s well. J. M. Kk. Southwick, Newport, R. I. Series of scoop-net hoops. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletuwn, Conn. Frame of dip-net. S. Fish Commission. Folding dip-net frame. U. 8. Fish Commission. Dip-nets. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. Minnow dip-nets. ee a Crab dip-nets. Used in Bay of Fundy herring fisheries. U. “ec “cs Landing-nets. 25494. 21725. . Nason’s patent net-staff and ring. . Nason’s patent solid net-staff. 5. Folding handles for dip-net or lance. . Braided linen landing-net (waterproofed). . Braided silk landing-net. . Dip-net Jointed. staff and folded net-ring. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. Flexible ring carried inside of staff. C. F. Nason, patent August 31, 1875. Bradford & Authony, Boston, Mass. With flexible ring. C. F. Nason, Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. U. S. Fish Commission. Bradford & Anthony, patent August 3, 1875. Boston, Mass. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Muss. Used in the capture of the oulachan (Osmerus pacificus). Northwest coast of America. G. Gibbs. Dip-net. Used by McCloud River Indians in fishing in small streams. Shasta County, Cal. Livingston Stone. od . Cte ee ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 129 Hoop-nets. Landing-nets. 26669. Landing-net. Property of J. A Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contrib- uted by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 26711. Landing-net. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contrib- uted by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. 26664. Landing-net and rod. Property of J. A Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. Eskimo auk-nets. 15616. Bird-net frame. Alieut Eskimos. Alaska. Henry W. Elliott. Baited hoop-net: Crab-nets. 26591-2. Models of lobster-nets. Used on the coast of California. Johnson & Young, Boston, Mass. 26801. Crab-nets. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York. 32710. Open cunner-net. Gloucester, Mass. G. Brown Goode. 32711. Folding cunner-net. fs ss Trailing-nets. Trawls: Beam-trawl. (Otter-trawl.) 26882. Model of beam-trawl. American Net' and Twine Company, Boston and New York. 32720. Model of beam-trawl. Made by J.G.Adam. U.S Fish Commission. Dredges: _ Flange, or ordinary dredge. Rake-dredge. Oyster-scraper. (Coral-dredge.) 26140. Four brown dredge-nets. Oyster-dredging, &c. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York. Towing-nets: Surface tow-nets. . 25228. Towing-net frame. U.S. Fish Commission. Folding or jerk nets. Purse-nets : Mackerel purse-seines (pursed by weight). Menhaden purse-seines. 29387. Model of mackerel purse-seine. Used on North Atlantie coast in capture of mackerel (Scomber scombrus). American Net wud Ps. ine Company, Boston, Mass. Bull. N. M. No. 14 9 150 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Folding or jerk nets. Menhaden purse-seines. 26,120. Model of mackerel purse-seine. American Net and Twine Com- pany, Boston, Mass. These: purse-seines range in length from 120 to 220 fathoms, and from 750 to 1,000 meshes in depth, reaching the depth of 20 to 30 fathoms of water. The average mesh is 24 inches. They are made of fine Sea-Island cotton twine, and cost from $750 to $1,500 complete. About 300 are now in use on the coast of North America. The pursing weight varies from 100 to 150 pounds. 26122-26125. Model of purse-seine. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. 90 to 150 fathoms in length, 300 to 650 meshes in depth, 1% to 2% fine Sea-Island twine. Wings, 9 to 12; bag, 15 to 21, coarse. 25179. Snatch-block used in pursing-seine. Higgins & Gifford, Gloucester, Mass. 25186. Ring or thimble for pursing-seine. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Mid- dletown, Conn. Cast-nets : Mullet cast-nets. Pompano cast-nets. Bait cast-nets. 25046. Casting-net. Diameter 4} feet. William E. Hooper & Sons, Balti- more, Md. 26799. Mullet cast-net. Diameter 5} feet, 14-inch mesh. 26800. Shrimp cast-net. Diameter 44 feet, }-inch mesh. Olap-nets for birds. Rabbit spring-nets. Spring-weirs (St. Lawrence). Sieve-traps (for birds). (Acecessory.) Parts of nets and apparatus for manufacture. Raw material of nets. Babiche. (See under D. 20.) Netting-fiber. Netting-twine. * 659. Netting-twine. Indians. Northwest coast of America. G. Gibbs. 14432. Fiber used for making nets. Pi-Ute Indians. Southern Utah. Maj. J. W. Powell. 29376. 38 bales of white netting-twine. American Net and Twine Company, Boston, Mass. ‘ ‘Samples of netting hung to lines. William E. Hooper & Sons, Baltimore, Md.: 25048. 1-inch mesh, 12 thread, 1 fathom long, 2 feet deep. 25049. 14 oe 12 “ 1 &c * 5) “ 25047. 14 a 12 ‘ 1 “ 9 ‘c 25051. 14 oe 12 ‘ 1 ‘“ 9 tc 250502 6 12 6 Tl «6 9 bc ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 131 (Accessory.) Parts of nets and apparatus for manufacture. Netting-needles. Mesh-needles. Hanging-needles. Eskimo netting-needles. 25596. Seine-needle (home made). J. M. K. Southwick, Newport, R. I. 25593. Seine-needle. sf og 25712. Seine-needle (called hanging-needle). N.H. Payne, Wellfleet, Mass. . Knitting-gauge. Used in regulating size of mesh. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York. 9839. Seine-needle. Eskimos. Northeastern America. S. F. Baird. 16202. Seine-needle. Magemut Eskimos. Nunivak Island, Alaska. W. H. Dall. 5613. Seine-needle of wood. Yukon River. W. H. Dall. 5614. Needle of bone. Norton Sound Eskimos. “ 16170, 16169, 16166, 16167, 16168, 16171, 16196. Seine-needles of bone. Mage- mut Eskimos. Nunivak Island. W. H. Dall. 1180. Seine-needle of wood. Chirikoff. W. H. Dall. 1315. Netting-needle. Eskimos. Smithsonian Institution. 9839. Seine-needle of bone. Eskimos of Northeastern America. S§S. F. Baird. VI TRAPS. 02, PEN-TRAPS. Pocket-traps. Pitfalls : Pits, covered. Barrel-traps. Jar mole-traps. “« Rabbit-tipe,” used in England. Salmon-baskets (Columbia River). Salmon-weirs (Upper Columbia River). River-weirs, with pockets : Kel-traps. Fish-slides : Shad-slides, used in the rivers of North Carolina. 25830, Fish-slide. Used in James River, Virginia. Scale 1 inch to the foot. J. G. Adam. 25831. Fish-slide (with box). Used in rivers of Virginia. Scale 1 inch to the foot. J. G. Adam. Labyrinth-traps. Corrals. Turkey-traps. 132 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Labyrinth-traps. Weirs, or pounds. 12102. Bar-weir. Used in Bay of Fundy herring fisheries. Scale, 1 inch to 15 feet. Capt. W. S. Treat, Eastport, Me. 12101. Fish-weir. Used in Dennis River, Me. Scale, 4 inch to the foot. Prof. 8. F. Baird. 12106. Salmon-weir. Used in rivers of Maine. Dennis River. Scale, 1 inch to 8} feet. Prof. S. F. Baird. 26833. Model of heart-weir. American Net and Twine Company. 25750. Model of pound-net. Used in Lake Michigan. Scale, 3} feet to 1 inch. Waukegan, Il. D. D. Parmalee. - Model of weir, or heart-net. Used on southern coast of New Eng- land. Scale, 1 inch to 8 feet. Spindel’s Cove, Wood’s Holl, Mass. Prof. 8. F. Baird. 26731, 26746. Models of brush-weirs. Used in the Bay of Fundy in capture of herring (Clupea harengus). W. B. McLaughlin, Grand Manan, N. B: 25829. Model of fish-weir. Used by aborigines of Virginia in the fifteenth century. From figures in De Bry. J. G. Adam. 25820. Model of fish-trap. Valley of Yukon River. Scale, 1 inch to the foot. W. H. Dall. Funnel-traps. Fish-pots. 1754. Wicker fish-pot (model). Used in West Indies. 5 to 15 fathoms. Scale, 1 inch to the foot. H. O. Claughton, St. Martin’s, W. I. 32738. Fish-pot (model). Bermudas. Scale of +. Made from wood of sub- merged cedar. G. Brown Goode. ; Lobster-pots. 12100. Lobster-pot. Used in Bay of Fundy. 4 to 10 fathoms. Scale, % inch to the foot. Prof. 8. F. Baird. 24801. Lobster-pot. Used in Narragansett Bay, in 10 to 15 fathoms. Scale 3 inches to the foot. J. M. K. Southwick, Newport, R. I. 29296. Model of Noank lobster-pot. G. L. Green, Noank, Conn. 29531. Lobster-pot net. Used on coast of New Jersey. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York. 26586-7-8-9. Models of lobster-pots. Used on the coast of New England. Johnson & Young, Boston, Mass. 29363. Model of lobster-pot. N.C. Smith, Stonington, Conn. Eel-weirs, with leaders. Hel-pots, without leaders. ——. Eel-pot. Used in Fisher’s Island Sound, Conn. Scale, one-half. James H. Latham, Noank, Conn. 25015-16. Wicker eel-pot, two funnels, with leaders. Used about Martha’s Vineyard, in 3 to 10 fathoms. Capt. Josiah Cleveland, maker, » Vineyard Haven, Mass. 25014. Wicker eel-pot (three funnels). Used about Martha’s Vineyard. Capt. Josiah Cleveland, maker, Vineyard Haven, Mass. 29530. Eel-pot net. Used on the coast of New Jersey. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 133 Labyrinth-traps. Eel-pots, without leaders. 25016. Leaders for eel-pot (Nos. 25014-15-16). Used in Martha’s Vineyard. Capt. Josiah Cleveland, Vineyard Harbor, Mass. 26802. Basket eel-pot. American Net and Twine Company. 25018. Roots of young pine trees (Pinus strobus). Used in manufacture of eel-pots. Vineyard Haven, Mass. G. Brown Goode. Barrel-pots for eels. Set-nets. 32733. C. Set-net. Diameter of largest hoop, 15inches. U. 8S. Fish Com- mission. Fykes (set-nets with leaders). 25045. Fyke-net with wings. Diameter, 3 feet. Wm. E. Hooper & Sons, Baltimore, Md. 26113. Model of minnow-fyke. American Net and Twine Company, Boston [and New York. 26114. Minnow-fyke. & 6 26117. Minnow-fyke. “ “ Bird-fyke. 26115, 26116. Model of bird-net. American Net and Twine Company, Boston and New York. Bass-traps. 704. Bass-trap. Used in Peconic Bay and Fisher’s Island Sound. Scale, 4 inch to the foot. Charles T. Potter. Door-traps. t Closed by the falling of a door. Box-traps (figure 4). 25833. Horan’s box-trap. Used in Philadelphia Zoological Gardens. Seale, one-half. Henry Horan. 25478. Box-trap. Used in capture of hares, possums, etc. Scale, one-half. T. N. Woltz. Traps with hanging doors. ——. Self-setting trap. Used in capture of muskrats, hares, &c. Scale, - one-half. Henry Horan. 25703. Self-setting trap. To be set in mouth of rabbit-burrow. Scale, one- half. HE. Herron. Double box-traps. 25477. Double box-trap. Used in capture of hares, possums, &c. Scale, one-half. T. N. Woltz. 134 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Door-traps. Spring-door traps. tt Closed by falling of whole trap. Bowl-traps. Cob-house bird-traps. 25659. Fall-trap. Used for partridges and other birds. Scale, one-half. T. N. Woltz. 25705. Fall-trap. Used in capture of partridges, &c. Scale, one-half. Henry Horan. Pigeon-nets. ttt Closed by falling of tide. Bar-weirs, arranged with the other weirs. Sheaf-traps. Sheaf-traps (New York Harbor). oo. CLUTCHING-TRAPS. Noose-traps. Snares: Foot-path and barrier spares, 2033. Snare (made of sinew). Used in capture of lynxes, rabbits, &c. Fort Resolution, H. B. T. R. Kennicott. 19063. Rabbit-snare. Coowoye Pi-Ute Indians. Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Stephen Powers. 25660. Spring-trap (model). Used in capture of hares, grouse, &c. Scale, one-half. KE. Herron. 25479. Spring-trap (model). Used for capture of hares, grouse, &c. Scale, one-half. T. N. Woltz. 25832. Model of grouse-snare. Yukon River, Alaska. W. H. Dall. Springes. ‘¢ Round mouse-traps.” Jawed traps. ‘¢ Steel traps:” Newhouse traps. 25262. Newhouse trap. No. 0 for rats. Spread of jaws, 34 inches; strong enough to hold muskrat. Oneida Community, N. Y. 25261. Newhouse trap. No. 1 for muskrats. Spread of jaws, 4 inches; adapted to capturing the smaller fur-bearing animals. Oncida Community, N. Y. 25260. Newhouse trap. No. 1} for minks and fishers. Spread of jaws, 42 inches; strong enough to hold fox or fisher. Oneida Community, wh YG 25259. Newhouse trap. No. 2, for foxes. With double spring; spread of jaws, 4{ inches; strong enough to hold an otter. Oneida Commu- nity, N. Y. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 135 Jawed traps. ‘Steel traps :” Newhouse traps. 25258. Newhouse trap. No. 3, for otters. Double spring; spread of jaws, 54 inches. Oneida Community, N. Y. 25256. Newhouse trap. No. 4, for deer. Double spring; spread of jaws, 64 inches. Oneida Community, N. Y. 25257. Newhouse trap. No. 4, for beavers. Double spring; spread of jaws, 64 inches. Oneida Community, N. Y. 25255. Newhouse trap. No.5,forbears. Spread of jaws, 11% inches; weight of each spring, 2 pounds and 10 ounces; weight of trap 17 pounds, suitable for taking the common black bear. Oneida Community, Ney 25254. Newhouse trap. No. 6, for grizzly bears and moose. Spread of jaws, 16 inches; weight of each spring, 6 pounds and 10 ounces ; weight of trap with chain, 42 pounds; made throughout, except the pan, of wrought iron and steel; strong enough to hold the moose or grizzly bear. Oneida Community, N. Y. 29250. Spring fish-trap. (Patented Dec. 9, 1856.) Edwin W. Judge, New Haven, Conn. Spring bird-nets. (French bird-trap.) 13153. Spring bird-trap. Used in France. Dr. H. C. Yarrow, U. 8. A. 34. FALL-TRAPS. Crushing-traps. os Dead-falls. Figure-four traps. 25749. Log dead-fall (model). Used in Mississippi Valley. Scale, 1 inch to the foot. Henry Horan. 15614. Fox-trap. Used by Mahlemut Eskimos. Henry W. Elliott. Piercing-traps, Spear-falls. Mole-traps. Harpoon-traps. Spring-hooks. Pickerel-hooks, arranged with other hooks. 30. MISSILE-TRAPS Cross-bow traps. : Spring-gums. 36. ADIESIVE PREPARATIONS. Bird-lime, &c. Hoods, boots, &c. 136 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. . VII. APPARATUS FOR WHOLESALE DESTRUCTION. 37. POISONS. Food poisons. Phosphorus poisons. Strychnine. Arsenic. Corrosive sublimate. Cyanide of potassium. Opium poisons. For obvious reasons this series is not exhibited. Blood poisons: Woorara. 38. ASPHYXIATORNS. Apparatus for smoking out. (Apparatus for suffocating with fumes of sulphur.) Apparatus for drowning out. 39. TORPEDOES. 393. STOMACH-SPRINGS. Eskimo whalebone springs (used for killing bears). 7442. Stomach-springs. Used by Eskimo in capturing bears, &c. Fort Anderson, Arctic coast. R. McFarlane. VIL. HUNTING-ANIMALS. 40. HUNTING-MAMMALS. Dogs. Hunting-leopard (Cynailurus jubatus). Weasels and ferrets. Otters. 41. ACCESSORIES TO HUNTING-DOGS. Dog-whips. Dog-whisties. 29255. Dog-call (double). Edwin M. Judge, New Haven, Conn. 29256. Dog-cali. cs es 29257. Dog-call. es es 29258. Dog-call. Se 29259. Dog-call. ee ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 137 Dog-whistles. 29260. Dog-call. Edwin M. Judge, New Haven, Conn. 29261. Dog-call. i . 29262. Dog-call for whip. ‘“ ee 29254. Police-call. oe as 29255. Railroad-call. ee ae Dog-collars. Dog-food. Dog-carts. Dog-muzzles. 2. HUNTING-RIRDS. Falcons. Owls. Cormorants (Carbo sinensis). Used in fishing in China, 43. ACCESSORY TO HUNTING-BIRDS. Hoods. Perches. Cormorant-collars. 44. HUNTING-FISHES. Remora (used in West Indies and Australia). IX. DECOYS AND DISGUISES. 45, BAITS. Natural baits. Flies and other insects. (This should include a collection of those insects which, as the favorite food of fishes, are imitated in mak- ing artificial flies.) Arranged with hooks. (See under 29 a.) Worms. Mollusks. Salted baits (prepared). Menhaden. Herring. Squids. Clams, long. Clams, hen. Pea-roe of cod (used in French sardine-fisheries, and largely ex- ported). Grasshopper paste, used as a substitute for pea-roe. Tolling baits, ‘*stosh,” &e. These articles, on account of their perishable nature, cannot well be exhibited. 138 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Natural baits. (Accessories.) Methods of preparing baits: Bait-cutters. Bait-mills. Bait-ladles. Wheelbarrows for bait-clams (Nantucket). 32740. Beach-cart. Nantucket, Mass. W. H. Chase, 2d. Bait-boxes and cans. 25550. Five bait-boxes.. Bradford & Anthony, Boston, Mass. 26594. Bait-bex. Forest & Stream Publishing Company. Property of John [A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. 26633. Minnow-pail. “f af 20692. Crab-can. cs es 235691. Grasshopper-cvan. x: eS Bait-needles. Artificial baits.! Trolling-spoons. ! Spinners. ! Squids and jigs.! “ Bobs,” used in southern waters. ! Artificial flies. ! Accessories t9 artificial baits.! a. Fly-hooks. ! b. Raw materials for making artificial flies.? ¢. Tools for making artificial flies.!° Pastes. DECOYS. Scent-decoys. Sound-decoys. Animal-calls, whistles, &e. 7452, 2149. Deer-call. Eskimos. Mackenzie’s River district. R. Mac- Farlane. 2253. Deer-call. Eskimos. Mackenzie’s River district. R. Kennicott. Bird-ealls. 26653. Turkey-call. Used in Illinois. J. W. Milner. 26654, Turkey-call. Used in Maryland. G. W. Woltz. 1 Arranged with hooks, ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 139 Sight-decoys. Living decoy animals and birds. Decoy-dogs, used in hunting ducks. Stool-pigeons. Tame decoy-ducks. Tame decoy-brants. TImitations of animals and birds.: Decoy-waders (carved in wood). 25042. Black-breasted plover (Squatarola helvetica). P. Brasher, New York. 25041. Long-billed curlew (Numeneus longirostris). ue oe 25043. Yellow-shanks (Gambetta flavipes). ts oe Decoy-waders (stamped in tin). 95909. Black-breasted plover (Squatarola helvetica). Herman Strater & Sons, [ Boston, Mass. oe 25908. Golden plover (Charadrius virginicus) a 25906-7. Red-breasted snipe (Macrorhamphus griseus ?). os “6 25910-11. Monstone (Strepsilas interpres). « oe ‘These decoys are made hollow, stamped out in halves, hinged at head and tail to open and nest together. One dozen plover weigh 3 pounds, with box occupying a space of 83 by 9 inches, 3 inches deep. Patented. Decoy swimming-birds (made from the skins of birds). 7127. Skin of canvas-back duck (Fuligula vallisneria) stuffed with dry tulé grass and fitted for decoy with strings and weights. Pi-Ute Indians. Robert Ridgway. 7128, Skin of red-head duck (Fuligula ferina, var. americana), fitted for use as. decoy. Pi-Ute Indians. Robert Ridgway. 7129. Same. Robert Ridgway. 4783. Same. Pi-Ute Indians. Carson Lake, Utah. Capt. J. H. Simpson. 19031. Skin of widgeon (Mareca americana), fitted for use as decoy. Cooyuwee Pi-Ute Indians. Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Native- name, Imoodoowe. Stephen Powers. 99532, Skin of a pin-tail duck (Dafila acuta), stuffed for use as a decoy. Be Louis Jouy, Washington, D. C. Decoy swimming-birds (carved in wood). 925040. Brant (Bernicla brenta). P. Brasher, New York City. 95035. Mallard (Anas boschas). Henry A. Stevens, Weedsport, N. Y. 25242. A fg Male. John Krider, Philadelphia. 25241. ss se Female. aC ce 29540. Black duck (Anas obscurus). Francis Burritt, South Norwalk, Conn. 25034. oe “ A. Stevens, Weedsport, N. Y. 926051. Pin-tail duck (Dafila acuta). J ohn Krider, Philadelphia. 26054. Bald-pate duck ( Mareca americana). Male. Jobn Krider, Philadelphia. 26055. re ee Female. ‘ a 25038. ee ss P. Brasher, New York City. 25031. Bluc-wing teal (Querquedula discors). Henry A. Stevens, Weedsport, NY 140 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Sight-decoys. Initations of animals and birds: Decoy swimming-birds (carved in wood). 25245. 25246. 25244. 20243. 25039. 26058. 26059. 29541. 25029. 25032. 26056. 26057. 25033. 25037. 26053. "25036. 25030. Blue-wing teal (Querquccula discors). Female. John Krider, Phila- [delphia. “ ce Male. “ec “ec Green-wing teal (Nettion carolinensis), — * e ss ne Female. a ss Broad-bill duck (Fuligula marila). P. Bracher, New York City. . “ Male. John Krider, Philadelphia. “ oe Female. oe oc“ ih i Francis Burritt, South Norwalk, { Conn. Seaup duck (Fuligula affinis). Henry A. Stevens, Weedsport, N. Y. Red-head duck (Fuligula ferina, var. americana). Henry A. Stevens, [ Weedsport, N. Y. « ae Ke Male. John Krider, [ Philadelphia. ce ce “ec Female. ““ Canvas-back duck (Fuligula vallisneria). Henry A. Stevens, Weeds- [port, N. Y. c is Male. John Krider, Phila- [delphia. “cc “ce Female. cc “cc Whistle-wing duck (Bucephala americana). Henry A. Stevens, Weedsport, N. Y. Butter-ball duck (Bucephala albeola). Henry A. Stevens, Weeds- port, N. Y. Decoy swimming-birds (stamped in tin, with wooden bottoms and head balance weights). 26047. 25905. 26048. 26049. 26045. 26046. 26043. 26044, 25901. 25902. 25903. 25904. 25900. 26702. Mallard (Anas boschas). Male. Herman Strater & Sons, Boston. “e 6c Female. “cc “ec Black duck (Anas obscura). Male. ge i oe cc Female. ee “c Red-head duck (Fuligula ferina, var. americana). Male. Herman Strater & Sons, Boston. Read-head duck (Fuligula ferina, var. americana). Female. Herman Strater & Sons, Boston. Canvas-back duck (Fuligula vallisneria). Male. Herman Strater & [Sons, Boston. & SS Female. a Whistle-wing duck (Bucephala americana). Male. a Oy af Female Sheldrake (Mergus americanus). Male. oe oe vf ‘ Female. ee Surf duck (Ademia perspicillata). ee Decoys. Property of J. A. Nichols, Syracuse, N. Y. Contributed by Forest & Stream Publishing Company. Initations of fishes. 29366. Lure-fish. D. H. Fitzhugh, Bay City, Mich Used in fishing through the ice for salmon-trout. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 141 Sight-decoys. Imitations of fishes. 99994, Lure-fishes. William Morris, Lake City, Mich. Used in fishing: through the ice for pickerel. These lure-fishes are used to decoy large fish under holes in the ice so that they may be within reach of the spear. Blanket decoy (for antelopes). Lanterns and other apparatus for fire hunting and fishing. Lanterns for still-hunting. 95938, Centennial dash-lamp. For sportsman’s hunting-wagons. White Manufacturing Company, Bridgeport, Conn. 25239, Dash-lamp. Used for hunting and fishing. White Manufacturing Company, Bridgeport, Conn.) 25236. Jack-lamp. For night-hunting and general camp uses. White Manu- facturing Company, Bridgeport, Conn. 25940, Johnson’s jack-lamp support. For night hunting and fishing. White Manufacturing Company, Bridgeport, Conn. 95237. Fishing-lamp. White Manufacturing Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Lanterns for weequashing, or fire-fishing, for eels. 29365. Boat-lanterns. Used in bow of boat in weequashing or spearing eels by night. Southern New England, James H. Latham, Noank, Conn. 12107. Birch-bark used for torchlight fishing. Passamaquoddy Indians. Eastport, Me. Dr. E. Palmer. 39739. Torch for night fishing. Halifax, N.S. Capt. H. C. Chester. 47. COVERS. Movable covers. Masks. Deer heads and antelope heads. 8420. Antelope decoy. Made from head of prong-horn antelope (Antilo- capra americana). Prescott, Ariz. Dr. E. Coues, U.S. A. . Antelope decoy. Arizona. Dr. J. B. White, U. S. A. 5537. Deerdecoy. Made from head of mule-deer (Cervus macrotis). Apache Indians. Edward Palmer. Movable copses. Covers for hunters. Covers for boats. Stationary covers. Hunting-lodges. 142 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. X. PURSUIT, ITS METHODS AND APPLIANCES. 48. METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION. Personal aids. Snow-shoes. Skates. Alpenstocks and staves. Portable bridges. Animal equipments. Harness: ! Horse-trappings. Dog-harness. Girths, sinches. Bits, cabrestos, spurs. Saddles: ! Riding-saddles. Pack-saddles. Aparejos. Riding-pads (for buffalo hunting). Fur pack-saddle (Hudson’s Bay Territory). Vehicles: ! Deer-sledges. Dog-sledges. Wagons. Dog-carts. Fish-carts, used in Nantucket. Boats. Hunting-boats, fishing-boats: ‘ Bireh canoes. Bireh-bark canoes. Used by Indians in hunting and fishing. 26615. Bark canoe. Passamaquoddy Indians. Eastport, Me. E. Palmer. 26614. Bark canoe. Sixteen feet long, thirty-seven inches wide. Montag- nard Indians of Besamis. Labrador. R. H. Powell. 7630. Bark canoe. (Model.) Lower Ingalik, Alaska. W. H. Dall. 958. Bark canoe. (Model.) Chippeway Indians, Athabasca and Great . Slave Lakes. B. R. Ross. 2358. Bark canoe. (Model; scale,about 1 inch to foot.) Northeastern America. J. Varden. ‘Arranged with Ethnological series. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 143 Boats. Bireh-bark canoes. 859. Bark canoe. (Model.) Slave Indians of Mackenzie’s River. Fort Simpson, H. B. T. B. R. Ross. 641. Bark canoe. (Model.) Upper Columbia River. G. Gibbs. 12107. Birch-bark, used in manufacture of canoes. Passamaquoddy Indians. Eastport, Me. E. Palmer. Wooden sea canoes. Used by Indians of Northwest coast in hunting and fishing. 20592. Wooden canoe. Northwest coast. J. G. Swan. 13102. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Queen Charlotte Island. J. G. Swan. 2616. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Northwest coast. U.S. Exploring Expe- dition. Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S. N. 20592. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Bella Bella, B. C. J. G. Swan. 2583. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Oregon. U. 8S. Exploring Expedition. Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. 8. N. 1785. Wooden canoe. (Model). Northwest coast. Dr. George Suckley. 11082. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Alaska. Lieutenant Ring, U.S. N. 20895. Woodencanoe. (Model.) Haidah Indians. Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Je G. Swan. Wooden canoes. Used by Indians of the Northwest coast in whaling and sea fisheries. 26785. Wooden canoe. (60 feet long.) British Columbia. J. G. Swan. 16269. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Sitka, Alaska. W. H. Dall. 21595. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Alaska. Dr. J. B. White. 21594. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Alaska. < 639. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Northwest coast. George Gibbs. 7285. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Neah Bay, Washington Territory. J. G. Swan. 16269. Wooden canoe. (Model, painted.) Ihliuket Indians. Sitka, Alaska, W. H. Dall. 640. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Northwest coast. George Gibbs. 1871. Wooden canoe. (Model.) Vancouver’sIsland. Dr. C. B. Kennerly. 811. Wooden canoe. (Model.) me ut 26761. Wooden canoe. Model of Haidah canoe (with masts and pushing- sticks, for traveling, fishing, &c.). Queen Charlotte Island. J. G. Swan. 26760. Wooden canoe. Model of Haidah canoe (for deep sea and war). Queen Charlotte Island. J. G. Swan. 26763. Wooden canoe. Model of wooden canoe (with masts, paddles, push- ing-sticks, and ivory harpoons). J. G. Swan. 26762. Wooden canoe. Model of Cogwell canoe (for deep sea and war). Flathead Indians. J. G. Swan. 26787. Wooden canoe. British Columbia. J. G. Swan. 785. Wooden canoe. a ou 5. Wooden canoe. Dug-out canoe (60 feet long). British Columbia. J. G. Swan. 144 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Boats. Kyaks or bidarkas. Used by Eskimos of Arctic America in hunting and fishing. 20617. Kyak. (13 feet 9 inches long, 30 inches wide.) Northwest coast. Sitka, Alaska. William Burling. 14971. Kyak. (Model.) Alaska. W. H. Dall. 16275. Kyak. (Model.) Kodiak. rf 14971. Kyak. (Model, one hole.) Alaska. W. H. Dall. 21609. Kyak. (Model,one hole.) Alaska. Dr. J. B. White. 1127. Kyak. (Model, two-hole.) Koloshes, Aleutian Islands. Capt. J. R. Sands. 14970. Kyak. (Model.) Aleutian Islands. W. H. Dall. 21604. Kyak. (Model,2-hole.) Alaska. Dr. J. B. White. 21605. Kyak. (Model, 3-hole.) Alaska. Oe 21610. Kyak. (Model, 3-hole.) Alaska. se 21606. Kyak. (Model, 4-hole.) Alaska. es 8788. Kyak. (Model.) Unabeet Eskimo. Norton Sound, .Alaska. W- H. Dall. 26618. Kyak. Eighteen feet long, 22inches wide. Greenland. Eskimo Joe. 562. Kyak. (Model.) East coast, Upernavik. Dr. Hayes. 14750. Kyak. (Model, with bird-spear, harpoon, and seal-skin float.) Eskimos, Tusiack, North Greenland. Prof. S. F. Baird. 2230. Kyak. (Model, with bird-spear, lances, and spear-rest.) Anderson: River Eskimos. Mackenzie’s River district. R. MacFarlane. Umiaks or bidarras. Used by Eskimos in whaling and sea fisheries. 1098. Umiak. (Model.) Fort Anderson, H. B. T. Robert MacFarlane. 15618. Umiak. (Model of frame.) Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska. H.W. Elliott. Indian raft-boats. Used in hunting and fishing. 19028, Raft of tulé grass. (Model.) Pi-Ute Indians. Pyramid Lake, Nev- Stephen Powers. Dug-out canoes. Used by Indians of Pacific coast. 21358. Dug-out canoe. (Model.) Hoopah Indians, Trinity River, Cal. S. [ Powers. 21359. Dug-ont canoe, (Model.) ae es Dug-out canoe. Used in river fisheries of the Southern States. 25728. Dug-out canoe. (Model; scale, inch to foot.) Saint John’s River, Florida. Francis C. Goode. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES, 145 Boats. Portable boats. 29506.*Hegeman portable folding boat. Length, 10 feet; width, 3 feet. Hegeman Fortable Folding Boat Company, Ballston Spa, N. Y. Directions for setting up boat: 1. Unfold the frame. 2. Place the knees and seats in position before fastening the bottom- end section at the ends of the boat. 3. Fasten the bottom-end section to the ends of the boat by the thumb-screws. 4, Place on the canvas with the cords and tie in a single loop (or bow knot). 22218. Model of Colvin portable canvas boat. (Patented Oct. 6, 1874.) R. A. Scott & Co., Albany, N. Y. “This boat consists of a canvas exterior made thoroughly water-proof by a preparation which preserves the strength of the canvas and prevents decay and oxidation. It is shaped like a canoe, sharp at both ends, and cuts the water handsomely. Along the sides and bottom are leather thongs, by which the boughs and limbs cut for frame can be lashed se- curely to the canvas, with the assistance of the four leather framing blocks or sockets (two for each end), which connect the stem and stern posts (or prow pieces) with the keelson, and it can be readily put together anywhere in the woods, no tools being required for the purpose, excepting such as are always carried by a party of sportsmen, or others, an ax or hatchet only being needed. The whole of it can be packed away ina space 24 inches long, 6 inches wide, and 3 inches thick. The size now made (No. 3), although but 12 feet long, will carry six men, or four men with their necessary baggage, and weighs but 12 pounds when rolled up. It has been tested in a heavy sea with a frame of green boughs cut only two hours before, and carried a weight of 700 pounds safely and easily.” 25879-26-112. Model of Fenner’s portable boat. With canvas bottom. C. A. Fenner, Mystic River, Connecticut. One of these models is shown closed up in its case ready for transporta- tion, the other set up for use. Canoes. 26619. Paper canoe ‘‘ Maria Theresa.” N. H. Bishop, Lake George, N. Y. Designed by Rey. Baden Powell, of England; built by E. Waters & Sons, of Troy, N. Y. Dimensions: length, 14 feet; beam, 28 inches; depth (amidship), 9 inches; weight of canoe, 58 pounds; weight of ca- noeist, 130 pounds; weight of outfit, 90 pounds; total, 278 pounds. Rowed by Mr. N. H. Bishop (from Troy, N. Y., 2,000 miles) while on his first geographical journey from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico, 2,500 miles, during 1874 and 1875. Since the completion of the voyage all injuries the hull sustained were remedied by the simple appli- cation of a sheet of paper and a coat of shellac varnish to the outside of the boat. When in use a piece of canvas covers the undecked part of the canoe and keeps the interior dry. Water-courses traversed by Mr. Bishop during 1874 and 1875: From Quebec, rivers Saint Lawrence and Richelieu, Bull. N. M. No. 14 10 116 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Boats. Canoes. Lake Champlain, and canal to Albany; the Hudson, Kill Von Kull, and Raritan rivers and canal, and the Delaware to Philadelphia; Delaware River and bay to Cape Henlopen, and interior salt-water passages on coast of Maryland and Virginia to Norfolk; the Elizabeth River and canal to Currituck Sound, Albemarle, Pamlico, Cove, Bogue, Stump, and other sounds, to near Wilmington, N. C.; Waccamau River to Georgetown, 5S. C.; by salt-water creeks, rivers, bays, and sounds along the coast of the United States to Florida; from*Atlantic coast, via Saint Mary’s and Su- wannee rivers, to Gulf of Mexico. 26628. Rice Lake canoe. William English, Peterborough, Ontario. Coracles or skin boats. 9785. Skin boat. Hidatza (Gros Ventres) Indians. Fort Buford, Dakota. Dr. W. Mathews, U.S. A. Whale boat (used in whale fisheries). 24830. Whale-boat. (Model, with all fittings; scale, 1 inch to foot.) Capt. L. Howland, New Bedford, Mass. 24868. Whale-boat. (Model.) C.H.Shute & Son, Edgartown, Mass. 26839. Whale-boat, 35 feet long. Williams, Haven & Co., New London, Conn. This boat is mounted with all the gear used in the capture of the whale. Seine-boat. 25827. Model of Cape Ann seine-boat. Higgins & Gifford, Gloucester, Mass. This model shows the fittings manufactured for seine-boats by Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn., to wit: cleat, stern-cap, snatch- block for pursing-seine, steering-oarlock with stern socket, socket used on side of stern for steering, davit-iron, tow-iron, tow-link and hook, be- laying-pin, oar-holder, davit-guard and step-plate, breast-brace and eye- plate or oar-holder swivels, all of which are shown in their proper places by full-size models. Dorys, sharpies, and dingies. 25657. Nantucket dory. (Model; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) William H. Chase. Used in gathering clams for codfish-bait. 12678. New England dory. (Models; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) Starling & Stevens, Ferryville, Me. 13493. New England dory. (Model; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) Starling & Stevens, Ferryville, Me. Used in coast fisheries and bank cod fisheries. 24752. Connecticut sharpy. (Scale, 1 inch to the foot.) Capt. H. C. Chester, Noank, Conn. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 147 Boats. Italian fishing-boats. Used in harbor fisheries of California. 22213. Italian fishing-boat. (Model; felucca rig.) San Francisco. Livy- [ingston Stone. 22214. Italian fishing-boat. (Model; felucca rig.) Ke eo 22215. Italian fishing-boat. (Model; felucca rig.) oe ee 22217. Italian fishing-boat. (Model.) Chinese fishing-boat. San Fran- cisco. Livingston Stone. Pinkies. 25729. Martha’s Vineyard pinkie-boat. (Model; scale, + inch to the foot.) William H. Chase. Used in shore fisheries. 25898. Norman’s Land pinkie-boat. (Model; scale, inch to the foot.) Capt. William Cleveland, Vineyard Haven, Mass. Used in cod and coast fisheries. Hunting-skiffs. Used for hunting and fishing in mountain lakes. 26621. Adirondack boat. Full size. Frederick D. Graves, maker, Boston, Mass. 25681. Adirondack boat. (Model; scale, inch to the foot.) Frederick D. Graves, maker, Boston, Mass. Dimensions: 15 feet long, 3 feet 6 inches wide; weight, 75 to 80 pounds. For the use of sportsmen this boat is claimed to excel, on account of its extreme lightness and durability, one man being able by means of a yoke to carry the same to any distance without fatigue. This boat is also adapted for family purposes, the patent rowlock enabling the most inexperienced rower of either sex to propel the boat with ease and perfect safety, and without any possible chance of losing the oars. 25899. Ausable boat. (Model.) D. L. Fitzhugh, jr., Bay City, Mich. Used in trout and grayling fishing, with well for live fish. Length, 16 feet; sides twelve inches high inside, 2 feet 10 inches wide on top, 2 feet 4 inches at bottom. 26624. Saint Lawrence boat. (Length, 19 feet; width, 43 inches.) Henry Sweetman, Clayton, N. Y. Used in trolling in the Thousand Island region. Length, 19 feet; width, 43 inches. ; 25053. Alexandria Bay boat. (Model.) Cornwall & Walton, Alexandria, N.Y. Used for hunting and fishing in the Adirondacks and the Saint Lawrence. . Sea boats. 24999. New England surf-boat. (Model; scale, 2 inches to the foot.) Cra- gin & Sheldon, makers, Boston, Mass. Used in harbor, lake, and river fisheries. 25001. Whitehall boat (18 feet). (Model; scale, 2 inches to the foot.) Cra- gin & Sheldon, Boston, Mass. 25000. Ship’s yawl. (Model; scale, 2 inches to the foot.) Cragin & Shel- don, Boston, Mass. Carried by coasters and fishing smacks. 148 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES, Boats. Sea boats. 22216. San Francisco yawl. (Model.) Livingston Stone. Used by Italian fishermen on coast of California. 25028. Nantucket Harbor boat. (Model; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) W. H. Chase. Used in harbor fishing. Oyster-canoes. 25003. Chesapeake oyster-canoe (made from two logs). (Model; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) Major T. B. Ferguson, Maryland Fish Commis- sion. Used for oyster-raking in Chesapeake Bay. 25002. Chesapeake canoe-pungy. (Model; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) Major T. B. Ferguson, Maryland Fish Commission. Used in oyster-dredging in Chesapeake Bay. Ducking-boats. 25658. Egg Harbor boat. (Model; scale, inch to the foot. P. Brasker, New York City. Used for hunting in marshes and bays. 26620. Cedar duck-boat ‘Central Republic.” Built by Capt. George Bogart, surfman, Manahawken, Ocean County, New Jersey. Dimensions: 12 feet long, beam 3 feet 11 inches, depth 12 inches. N. H. Bishop, Lake George, N. Y. This is the boat in which Mr. Nathaniel H. Bishop, of Lake George, Warren County, New York State, rowed from Pittsburg, Pa., via Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and the Gulf of Mexico (2,600 miles) to Cedar Keys, Fla., while on his second geographical expedition during 1875-76. 26623. New Jersey sneak-box. (Model; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) John D. Gifford, Tuckerton, N. J. These boats are from twelve to fourteen feet in length; the shelving or sideboards on the stern of the boat are used to hold the decoys while the hunter rows to and from the shooting ground. Used by gunners on Bar- negat and Little Egg Harbor Bays, New Jersey. 26622. Maryland ducking-sink. (Model; scale, 1 inch to foot.) J.G. Adam. Used by gunners on the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay. Cat-rigged fishing-boats. : 12099. Bay of Fundy cat-boat. (Model; scale, 4 inch to the foot.) Captain Hallet, Eastport, Me. Used in herring fisheries. 25026. Martha’s Vineyard cat-boat. (Model; scale, 4 inch to the foot.) William H. Chase. Used in coast fisheries. 29537. Providence River cat-boat. (Model; scale, inch to the foot.) J. M. K. Southwick, Newport, R. I. These boats vary in length from 14 to 194 feet, and cost from $225 to $425. Used by lobster fisheries and hook and line fisheries. Built by J. U. Stod- dard. 26585. Two-masted cat-boat. (Model; scale, about 4 inch to the foot.) Johnson & Young, Boston, Mass. Used in New England lobster fisheries. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 149 Boats. Schooner-rigged fishing-vessels. 26809. Noank lobster-boat. (Model.) Capt. H. C. Chester, Noank, Conn. 25825. Block Island boat. (Model; scale, 4 inch to the foot.) Capt. H. C. Chester. Used in cod fisheries and shore fisheries. 25730. Massachusetts schooner-smack. (Model; scale, $ inch to the foot.) William H. Chase, Boston, Mass. Used in mackerel fisheries and winter oyster trade. 25731. Maine schooner-smack. (Model; scale, 4 inch to the foot.) Capt. H. C. Chester. Used in bank cod fisheries and eastern mackerel fisheries. 26536. Oyster-schooner. (Model; scale, 1 inch to the foot.) T. B. Ferguson, Maryland Fish Commission. Used in oyster-dredging in Chesapeake Bay. 26584. Schooner-smack. (Model; scale, about 4 inch to the foot.) Johnson & Young, Boston, Mass. Employed in the New England lobster fisherics. 25727. Noank well-smack. (Model; scale, $ inch to the foot.) H. C. Ches- ter, Noank, Conn. Supplies fresh fish to local markets and New York iced-fish trade. 24883. Schooner-yacht. (Model; scale, {inch to the foot.) William H. Chase. Used in pursuit of sword-fish and blue-fishing. 22220. Gloucester schooner-smack, style 1835. (Model.) M. M. McFadyn. First form of sharp-bowed schooner, out of which the present Gloucester schooner was developed. 22219. Old-fashioned topmast schooner. (Model.) A. R. Crittenden. 26584. Schooner-smack. (Model; scale, about 4 inch to the foot.) Johnson & Young, Boston, Mass. Used in the New England lobster fisheries. Ships. 25726. Whaling-ship. (Model.) C. H. Shute & Son, Edgartown, Mass. Crew engaged in cutting in the blubber. 24881. Whaling-bark. (Model; scale, + inch to the foot.) U.S. Fish Com- mission. Used in northern whale fisheries. 24882. Merchant ship. (Model; scale, 4 inch to the foot.) U.S. Fish Com- mission. Used in foreign trade, Boats of Great Lakes. 26625. Mackinaw boat. (Model.) J. W. Milner. Used in fisheries of the upper great lakes. 26626. ‘‘Norwegian boat” (Model.) J. W. Milner. Used in Lake Michigan fisheries. 26790. Lake Erie pound boat. (Model.) J. W. Milner. 26627. Square-stern boat. (Model.) J. W. Milner. Used in Great Lake fisheries. Steamers. 25824. Menhaden steamer with seine-boats. (Model.) Joseph Lawler, Bristol, Me. ——. Gill-net steamer. (Model.) N. Crooks, Milwaukee, Wis. 150 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Boats. Steamers. 25027. Gill-net steamer. (Model; scale, 1 inch to 5 feet 5 inches.) Used in Lake Michigan fisheries. 25027. ‘‘Camel” floating-dock. (Model; scale, 1 inch to 5 feet 5 inches.) William H. Chase. 26808. ‘‘Camel” floating-dock. Model of steamship Cuba. Deposited by F. McFadden, Philadelphia. Built in 1842 for floating loaded ships over Nantucket bar. Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Blocks. 25821. Three single iron-sheaved, plain-hook tuckle blocks. Walter Cole- man & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25820. Two double iron-sheaved, plain-hook tackle blocks. Walter Cole- man & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25806. ‘‘Dead-eye” block. Used to secure the standing or fixed rigging to the hull of the vessel. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25804. ‘‘Heart” block. Used to secure the standing or fixed rigging to the hull of the vessel. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25805. ‘‘Bull’s-eye” block. Used to secure the standing or fixed rigging to the hull of the vessel. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25819. One single brass-sheaved, sister-hook tackle block. Walter Cole- man & Sons, Providence, R. I. — 25152. Series of boat-blocks. Used on small fishing-boats around Cape Cod and Newport. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25817. One single brass-sheaved, sister-hook tackle block. Walter Cole- man & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25818. One double iron-sheaved, sister-hook tackle block. Walter Cole- man & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25812. Round block. For jib-sheets and small craft. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25816. Two double brass-sheaved, plain-hook tackle block. Walter Cole- man & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25815. Common iron sheave. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25814. Plain brass sheave. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25813. Patent brass-roller sheave. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 29444. Improved swivel-hook. For blocks and general use. Daniel Walker, Providence, R. I. Clews and hanks. 25139. Ship’s clew for courses. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, [Conn. 25140. Earing-ring. &< és 25141. Throat-ring. a ee 25221. Sail-clew. 6 ‘< 25135. Series of spectacle or fore-and-aft clews. With patent clew-thim- bles. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25126. Improved heart-clew. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25142. Tack-ring. & “ 25137. Series of topsail clew-bows. as 6 25138. Series of clew-bars. os ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 151 Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Clews and hanks. 29475. 25143. 20803. 25777. 25156. 25157. 25215. 20214. 29460. 25158. Clement’s patent self-adjusting jib-hank. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Jib-head, with patent clew-thimble, used where the jib has been stretched too much; the jib is shortened at the head; and the jib- head is attached to the sail. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middle- town, Conn. Jib-hank. Goes on jib-stay to hold the sail to it. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. Wooden jib-hank. Samuel Elwell, jr., Gloucester, Mass. Series of single-stay jib-hanks. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middle- [town, Conn. 6c (a9 Series of double-stay jib-hanks, Self-adjusting jib-hank for double stay. Clement’s patent. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Patent self-adjusting jib-hank. Clement’s patent. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Jib-sheet block (peculiar to Gloucester fishing-vessels). Samuel Elwell, jr., Gloucester, Mass. Pratt’s patent jib-hank or yacht-jib. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., [ Middletown, Conn. 25207. Hook-and-eye for bonnet of jib. oe ae Chocks. 29468. Line-chock for whale-boat. Provincetown style. William W. Smith, Provincetown, Mass. 25180. Line-chock for whale-boat. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, (Conn. 25216. Bow-chocks. ae ip 25195. Boat-chocks. cs tg Boat-hooks. 25926. Whaler’s large-ring boat-hook, E. B. & T. Macy, New Bedford, Mass. 25614. Whale-boat boat-hook (peculiar to New Bedford). Humphrey 8. Kirby, New Bedford, Mass. 25196. Series of wrought-iron boat-hooks. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., [Middletown, Conn. 25200. Boat-hook for gunboat. ae a ' 25226. Boat-hook. U.S. Fish Commission (deposited). 25197. Double Navy boat-hooks with ball points. Wilcox, Crittenden & [Co., Middletown, Conn. 25198. Series of Navy boat-hooks with ball points. es a 25199. Series of sharp-pointed boat-hooks. ne ae Belaying-pins. 25161. Series of belaying-pins. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, [Conn. 26169. Belaying-pin for Cape Ann seine-boat. ‘ ‘sf 25766. Two belaying-pins. Samuel Elwell, jr., Gloucester, Mass, 152 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. ao Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Riggers’ hooks. 25194. Deck or hammock hook. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, [Conn. 25195. Hammock-hook. Eg eS 25206. Series of riggers’ sister-hooks. i “s 25145. Wide-mouthed single-hooks, or Cape Ann bonnet-hooks. Wilcox, [Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 29478. Bonnet-hook and grommet. ae ee 29452. Bonnet-hook-and-eye, for removing the jib. Wilcox, Crittenden & [Co., Middletown, Conn. 25155. Series of hooks and thimbles. ¢é ’ id 25943. Purrel hooks. 8S. Elwell, jr. 25144, Sister-hooks. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25150. Sailmaker’s bench-hook. a “ 25149. Sailmaker’s heaver. fs ee 25207. Hook-and-eye for bonnet of jib. ‘‘ oo 25185. Hook-and-eye plate. f 3 Grommets. 25116. Series of galvanized-iron sail-grommets (Wilcox’s patent). Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25117. Series of brass sail-grommets (Wilcox’s patent). Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25118. Series of brass grommets. Conical point, rolled rim. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25119. Series of metallic grommets. First used in America. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25120. Series of brass grommets. First patented in America. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 20121. Rope-yarn grommets (with worked holes showing mode of use). Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25128. Series of light, galvanized grommet-rings. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25129. Series of heavy galvanized sail-thimbles. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25130. Series of heavy iron sail-thimbles (Navy pattern). Wilcox, Critten- den & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25122. Galvanized-iron ring grommet, with worked holes showing mode of use. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25123. Series of buntline leaders and earing grommets. Wilcox, Critten- den & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25124. Series of eyelet grommets. Used to line worked holes and couplings to Wilcox’s patent grommets. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middle- town, Conn. 25125. Setting-die. Used for inserting eyelets. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. - 25126. Cutting-punch. Used for cutting grommet-holes. Wilcox, Critten- den & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25127. Series of heavy grommet-rings. Used for earings. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25131. Series of light iron sail-thimbles. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Mid- dletown, Conn. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 153 Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Grommets. 25132. 25133. 25134. 25152. 29153. Anchors. 25162. 25163. 20219. 29249. 29423. 29424, 29454. Series of throat-thimbles. Gloucester pattern. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Series of reef-tackle or saddle-thimbles. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. ‘ Series of brass sail-thimbles. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middle- [town, Conn. ~ Series of open or riggers’ thimbles. ef Series of wire-rope thimbles. fe a Boat-anchor. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Grappling-iron for dory. es se Wooden killick or coast anchor. H. C. Chester, Noank, Conn. Series of sailors’ palms (from best to the poorest). Wilcox, Critten- den & Co., Middletown, Conn. Sailor’s palm (left hand). Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, [Conn Sailor’s roping palm, Al (right hand). ‘“ oe Superior cast-steel sail-needles. eg ee Mast-gear. 25802. 25807. 25808. 25159. 25810. 25811. 29480. 29481. 29484, 25181. Six ‘‘purrel trucks.” Used on a rope around the mast to keep the gaff on the mast. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. Mast-hoop. Used to hold the sail to the mast. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. Lace trucks. Used on the foot of sail to attach it to the boom. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. Series of boat-mast hoops. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Mast-head truck. Used on top of mast to display bunting and signals. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. Mast-head ball. Used on top of the topmast to display bunting and signals. Walter Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. Mast-head gear for dory. Amasa Taylor, Provincetown, Mass. Mast and boom attachment for dory. ‘‘ fs Mast and gaff attachment for whale-boat (new style). Used by Provincetown whalers. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, [ Conn. Mast-hinge for whale-boat. a os Leaders and foot-stops. 25604. 25193, 25181. 29450. 29463. 29449, Series of sail-leaches and boom foot-stops. Used by Newport smack- men. J. M. K. Southwick, Newport, R. I. Boom foot-stops. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Mast-hinge for whale-boat. of ot Fair-leader. Used on the booms of Gloucester vessels. Samuel El- well, jr., Gloucester, Mass. Patent topsail travelers. Used on square-rigged vessels. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Mast-hook clutch. E. A. Sawyer, Portland, Me. 154 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Boat-builders’ materials. . 25170. Ring-bolts. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn, 25201. Series of screw eye-bolts. ‘ ee 25202. Series of screw ring-bolts. of 25203. Series of ring-bolts. ef oy 25211. Common oval head clinch boat-nail. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., [ Middletown, Conn. 25212. Chisel-point clinch boat-nails. ae 25213. Countersunk clinch boat-nails. sf 25220. Series of boat-rivets. ee 25223. Washers or clinch-rings for rivets. % 25178. Stem cap for Cape Ann seine-boat. ae 25173. Davit-guard and step-plate for Cape Ann seine-boat. ay 25175. Eye-plate or oar-holder swivels for Cape Ann seine-boat. ‘ 25176. Gunwale supporter for Cape Ann seine-boat. ee 25173. Davit-guard and step-plate for Cape Ann seine-boat. ee 25174. Breast-brace for Cape Ann seine-boat. ot 25166. Davit-iron for Cape Ann seine-boats. ig 25167. Tow-iron for Cape Ann seine-boats. Sf 25168. Tow-link and hook for Cape Ann seine-boat. 29482. Boom-rest or crotch-socket. Used on the taffrail of Cape fishing- vessels when they are “laying to” on George’s Banks. Theo. — Brown, Wellfleet, Mass. 25204. Water-deck iron. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn, Rudder-fixtures. 29496, ““W. N. Clark’s rudder-hanger.” (Patented September 3, 1867.) James B. Clark, Chester, Conn. ‘Advantages claimed for this hanger: To ship the rudder one has only to enter the tongue (which has the rudder already attached) in the grooved plate from the top just far enough to get it steady, and then let it down, when it will go to its place without further care. Hence arises the first great advantage which this hanger possesses over the old way, viz, the ease and dispatch with which the rudder can be shipped under all circumstances. Every boatman knows the trouble he has been to, at times, in trying to ship his rudder, while in a seaway, in the dark, or in muddy wacer, when the eyes in the boat could not be seen; often being obliged to reach down with his hand to get the lower pintle entered. From the quickness with which the rudder can be shipped, in any posi- tion of the boat, and under any circumstances, and its security when shipped, it must recommend itself for all life-boat purposes, where, in case of an emergency, time is of vital importance. Another advantage is that with this hanger the rudder cannot of itself unship as has often been the case with the common hanger, when the boat has been left for a short time and the tiller worked out, thereby leaving the rudder free, by striking the bottom or anything sufiicient to raise it three or four inches, to unhinge and float away. As will readily be seen, this cannot get away until the rudder has risen the whole length of the tongue, which, of itself, wou'd never happen. Again, with this hanger the rudder can be shipped and unshipped while under full sail, thus making it very convenient for fishermen or ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 155 Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Rudder-fixtures. any one sailing over a line or seine, as the rudder can be easily raised far enough to pass over and prevent a line getting caught between the rud- der and boat, as would otherwise likely ensue, and when over, by simply letting down the rudder, it will go to its place again ready for use. By this arrangement we are enabled to get the hinges further down on the rudder, thereby bringing the strain on both of them, while in the old way, the lower eye and pintle are so far from the bottom of the boat, in order to facilitate the shipping of the rudder, that this one has to bear nearly all of the strain.” (W. N. Clark.) 25190. Rudder-gudgeons. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25182. Rudder-braces for whale-boat. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middle- [town, Conn. 25209. Series of common wrought-iron rudder-braces. ‘‘ - 25189. Series of rudder braces. oe oe 25210. Rudder-braces for New Orleans cat-boat. <6 ee 25183. Rudder-braces for metallic life-boat. S “ec 29472. Dory breast-hook and stern braces. f cc Cleats. 25779. Stay-sail snatch-cleat. Used by Gloucester fishing-schooners. AlI- len L. McDonald, Gloucester, Mass. 25809. Wooden cleats. Used to fasten ropes to. William Coleman & Sons, Providence, R. I. 25218. Series of small cleats. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Coun. 25217. Small brass cleats. ee a 25177. Cleats for Cape Ann seine-boat. Oy ie 25191. Boat-cleats. fi is Rowlocks. 25088. Whale-boat rowlock. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25086. Brass wash-streak rowleck. ‘ eg 25113. Steering rowlock with stem socket for Cape Ann seine-boat. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25114. Socket used on side of stern for steering. Used on Cape Ann seine- boat. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25085. Seine-boat rowlock. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25070-72. Polished brass rowlocks. us fs 25076, 25077. Polished brass rowlock used on gunning-skiff. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25104-5 Galvanized socket rowlocks. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middle- [town, Conn. 25082-3-4. Brass socket rowlocks. ee 8 25091-2-3. Plain brass patent swivel rowlock. ue s 25094. Galvanized-iron patent swivel rowlock. 25101. First patent swivel rowlock put in market. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25079-80-81. Plain brass rowlock used on gunning-skiff. Wilcox, Critten- den & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25106-7-8. Side-plate rowlock used on guunning-skiff. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. ce ce 156 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISUERIES OF UNITED STATES. Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Rowlocks. 25188. Rowlock for dory. Showing new mode of fastening. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25765. Dory thole-pin rowlock. Samuel Elwell, jr., Gloucester, Mass. 25090. Gun-metal dory rowlock with Southwick’s patent fastening. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25100. Dory rowlock, showing patent mode of fastening. Wilcox, Critten- den & Co., Middletown, Conn. 26902. ‘‘Lyman’s patent bow-facing rowing-gear.” William Lyman, Mid- dlefield, Conn. This bow-facing, i. e., front view, rowing-gear is an invention which allows the rower to face forward instead of backward, pulling in the same manner as with the ordinary oars. This reverse movement is obtained by having the oar in two parts, each part having a ball-and-socket joint, which is attached to the wale of the boat by means of a slot and button, and the two parts connected by a rod (with hinged bearings) which crosses the wale of the boat. The advantages claimed for this rowing-gear over the ordinary oar, are: “1, The oarsman faces the direction in which he goes. 2. The arrangement of the levers is such that the oarsman applies his strength to the best mechanical advantage, enabling him to row faster and more easily than with any other oar. - 3. During the stroke the bow of the boat is slightly raised by the mo- tion of the rower instead of being lowered by his motion as in ordinary rowing. 4. The stroke is longer than with ordinary oars. 5. The oars can be closed up out of the way along the side of the boat without detaching them from the gunwale. 6. It is better from the fact that the blade of the oar is in front and can be seen at the beginning of the stroke, so that there is no difficulty in avoiding obstacles, and in a rough sea there is little danger of ‘catching crabs.” 7. With these oars the boatman makes no more effort in steering than in directing his course while walking, and this advantage lessens greatly the effort of rowing. . 8. While rowing there is no noise from the bearings. 9. A pair of these oars weigh about 5 pounds more than the oars, but this additional weight has this advantage, that at the beginning and end of the stroke it helps to lower and raise the blade owing to the peculiar position of the oar. 10. When these oars are detached from the boat, no wood or iron pro- jections are left on the wale of the boat, as in ordinary rowing-gear, and thus a serious inconvenience is obviated. These oars can be attached to and detached from the boat very quickly and they can be closed up in a convenient form for carrying. These several advantages, viz, the front view, the increased ease and speed in rowing, the raising of the bow instead of depressing it, the closing up of the oar out of the way while on the boat, the increasd facility in avoiding obstacles, the diminished effort of hand and eyes in steering, the rowing without noise, the better balance and swing of the oars, have commended this new gear to all who have tried it. This gear can be attached to almost any bout, and is especially adapted to hunting, fishing, and all kinds of pleasure boating. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 157 Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Rowlocks. Almost any one (even if he has never rowed a boat) with an hour's practice can use these front view oars well;.it being much easier to learn to use a pair of these oars than a pair of the back view oars.” (William Lyman. ) 28292. Frederick D. Graves’s improved noiseless rowlock. Fred. D. Graves, Boston, Mass. “The object of this invention is to improve the construction and opera- tion of the class of rowlocks in such manner as, first, to insure the proper inclination of the blade of the oar, and prevent the liability of its catch- ing the water when feathering in recovering, as well as to insure the proper position of the blade of the oar when making the stroke; secondly, to enable the outer end of the oar to be raised when it is being feathered, in order to prevent its contact with the water in rough weather. My improved rowlock, which is composed of an inclosing ring located on a pintle, and an inner ring inclosed by the ring and adapted to be partially rotated therein; the inside of the inclosing ring is provided with a groove which extends almost-around it, its continuity being broken only by a stop. The pintle of the rowlock is inserted in a socket attached to the gunwale of the boat, the pintle and rowlock being adapted to turn freely in the socket. From the foregoing it will readily be seen that an oar pivoted in the inner ring is adapted to be partially rotated, in addition to its oscillating movements, so that when its stroke is completed it can be turned, so as to feather the blade in the recover stroke. The stop and shoulders of the inner ring are arranged in such mutual relation that the shoulder abuts against the stop, in feathering the oar, before the blade be- comes horizontal in cross-section, so that the cross-section of the oar is necessarily inclined downward from its forward to its rear edge during the feathering stroke, this inclination of the blade preventing its forward edge from engaging with the water and overturning the rower, or, in other words, causing him to ‘‘catch a crab.” This limitation of the oar in its rotation prevents awkward accidents in feathering, and enables an unskilled person to row with a considerable degree of certainty.” (F. D. Graves. ) 25098-9. Galvanized-iron patent swivel rowlock. Wilcox, Crittenden & [Co., Middletown, Conn. 25095. Galvanized-iron patent swivel rowlock. és os 25097. Galvanized-iron patent swivel rowlock. se eg 25096. Galvanized-iron patent swivel rowlock. “ fe 25073-4-5. Polished brass patent swivel rowlock. és ee 25102-3. Galvanized socket rowlock. 2 e 25111. Countersunk rowlock. Used on Ohio River flat-boats. Wilcox, Crit- tenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. 29459. Rowlock. Newport and Providence River style. Wilcox, Critten- [den & Co., Middletown, Conn. 25087. North River pattern rowlock. ce é¢ 25089. East River pattern rowlock. oe se 29319. Socket-joint rowlock. Frederick A. Gower, Providence, R. I. ‘The socket-joint rowlock is intended to increase the speed and improve the convenience of racing boats. Its advantages have proved so easily apparent to oarsmen that there is little need of detailing its strong points, ‘but the following are among its leading features: 158 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels, Rowlocks. Wabbling of the oar is wholly avoided. If the oar is a properly good fit, it will have less than } inch of fore-and-aft motion in the lock. “Catching crabs” is largely avoided by preventing the oar from jam- ming in the lock at the beginning or end of the stroke. If a ‘‘crab” should be caught, the rowlock is not strained, and the oar can be recov- ered without stopping the boat. . A good grip of the water is assured to even the inexperienced oarsman by the shape of the back of the rowlock, which corresponds to that of the oar. The oar settles itself into the proper position on beginning the stroke. Any length of reach may be taken by long-built men in going forward, avoiding an evil often complained of. A space half as wide admits passage of the boat. Equipped with this rowlock a six or four oared shell passes through an opening the width of the outriggers. Crews rowing on narrow or bridged water will find this advantage worth the price of the rowlocks in a single season. Uniting the rods at a single point brings the whole strength of the out- rigger into play at every part of the stroke, and an outrigger thus made can hardly be demolished while the boat stands. Any oars may be used if of recent pattern, i. e., without the unsightly “bulge” on the loom. It is only necessary to make a slight change in the button, as described below. Better time may be made. Experiments thus far indicate that the socket-joint rowlock is perceptibly speedier than the common pattern, by the stoppage of wabbling, and general smoothness of action. Raising a rowlock with the common outrigger is a half hour’s trouble with rusty nuts (one or two of which usually twist the bolt off in start- ing) and experimenting to get the right thickness of washers. With the socket-joint rowlock the same thing is done in two minutes by slipping half or three-quarters of an inch of washers on the shaft under the top rod. Superior strength. The ordinary iron thole-pins are strong in one direc- tion only; a backward or sidewise blow is likely to bend them. The supporting shaft of the socket-joint rewlock is equally strong all around and withstands a greater strain than the best oars made can apply to it. The whole rowlock is made of the best bronze-metal, which will not rust nor suddenly snap on a frosty morning. Under great mechanical pressure the lower part of the lock has been bent out nearly straight without breaking. Minor conveniences continually appear in the use of this improvement. There is no wiring to do; noreaching out-board to ship oars; no wriggling the button through the rowlock; no getting grease on the oar-handle by passing through the rowlock; no “‘losing the button” outside the out- rigger; no jamming the button between the thole-pins. When the out- riggers are taken off the boat the rods turn on the shaft as a hinge and fold up into a compact bundle not easily bent out of shape nor injured. The rowlocks can be detached entirely, if desired, and ‘each set of rods made into a package as easily carried as a walking-stick, while the row- lock may be put into the oarsman’s coat-pocket. Oarsmen having occa- sion to travel with boats by rail will appreciate this convenience. This rowlock cannot pretend to be a cheap contrivance; it is made of the best material, and requires expensive labor. Its first cost is more than that of the common pattern, but considering its advantages it will be found cheaper in the end.” (IF. A. Grower.) ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 159 Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Rowlocks. 25185. Thole-pins for metallic life-boat. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middle- [town, Conn. 25115. Whitehall pattern rowlock. ge ce 25112. Detroit or Lake Michigan rowlock. ve ae 22227. “Acme” oarlock. Pattern invented 1876. ‘‘ ; a 25172. Oar-holder for Cape Ann seine-boat (old model). Higgins & Gifford, Gloucester, Mass. 25171. Oar-holder for Cape Ann seine-boat. Wilcox, Crittenden & Co., Middletown, Conn. Oars. 25022. One pair white-ash oars (9 feet). R.T. Dodge, maker, Boston, Mass. 20021. One pair white-ash oars (6 feet). “ es 20041. Pair white-ash oars (12 feet). a cs 25011. Pair pine oars (8 feet). & ce 25023. Pair white-ash oars (9 feet). ON ss 25012. Pair spoon oars (10 feet). a UG 26811. Pair of oars (7 feet Sinches). Waters & Son, Troy, N. Y., makers; Delong & Sons, Glens Falls, N. Y. Paddles. 25020. White-ash paddles. R. T. Dodge, maker, Boston. 643. Indian paddles. Northwestern coast. George Gibbs. 644. Indian paddles. “ a 645. Indian paddles, ef Cape Flattery. George Gibbs. 646. Indian paddles. ue Whaling. ef 1790. Indian paddles. ae 1791. Indian paddles. Oe 14284. Indian paddles. uf * 14285. Indian paddles. a 11471. Indian paddles. Fort Townsend, W. T. J. G. Swan. 11473. Indian paddles. es ie 11474. Indian paddles. ce at 11363. Indian paddles (for skin canoe used by Aleutians). Alaska. V. Colyer. 11369. Indian paddles (for skin or wooden canoe). ge us 11366. Indian paddles. SS uC oe 20902. 2 Indian paddles (used by Trimsein Indians). Fort Simpson, B. C. 20903. ; J. G. Swan 11434. Indian paddles. Passamaquoddy Indians, Eastport, Me. E. Palmer. 2652. Indian paddles. Northwestern coast. Exploring Expedition. Lieut. Wilkes, U. 8. N. 2652. Indian paddles. Northwestern coast. Exploring Expedition. Lieut. Wilkes, U. S. N. 26783. Whaling paddle. Makah Indians, Neeah Bay. J. G. Swan. 26781. Whaling paddle. cc cs 26782. Whaling paddle. & ae 26780. Whaling paddle. Ke He 26779. Whaling paddle. a ve 26778. Whaling paddle. ce os 26777. Whaling paddle. fe es 26776. Whaling paddle. Se o 160 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATUS. Apparatus accessory to rigging fishing-vessels. Paddles. 20775. Whaling paddle. Makah Indians, Neeah Bay. J. G. Swan. 26774. Whaling paddle. a sie 26773. Canoe paddle. «6 26772. Canoe paddle. os a 26771. Canoe paddle. ae ot 26770. Canoe paddle. o % 26769. Canoe paddle. oi ss 26768. Canoe paddle. ce com 26767. Canoe paddle. €¢ . eo 26766. Canoe paddle. as ce 26765. Canoe paddle. ee es 26764. Canoe paddle. * wth ‘ ¥* . ba: C2e 0 x van ; Py eg t ’ x \ ian : vt ‘, ekny¥ } . ; ‘sy " . ij i - yh ‘ vt r i Q “ ‘ - | . ( ge ; ers ‘ ; “ ; did } » hh Neg = a ’ ee rt Oe ~ ¥ wh ‘ ‘ 1 Ce 4 : , \ 5 : i ‘ ‘ r. . 4 = ' ¢ 1 fc aolk ’ ; ba ‘ ins f / ; ‘ - oe 5 . i ae * " s ‘ he '- +] a % ut ' x ents 7 ved ‘ ya) Des ‘* 5 + 4 i i ; { CATALOGUE OF ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE ECONOMICAL INVER- TEBRATES OF THE AMERICAN COASTS. MOLLUSCA. Mollusca cephalopoda.—SQuipDs AND CUITLES. 32905. Sepia “bone,” or endosteum, in natural condition. East coast of the United States. Uses: Fed to cage-birds requiring lime. 32905a. Pounce: Powdered sepia-bone; used in rewriting over erasures to- 33005. 25972. prevent blotting, in medicine as an antacid. Cuttle-tish (Octopus punctatus, Gabb). California to Alaska. Used for bait in the cod-fishery, and by the natives for food. W. H. Dall. Oil of squid (Ommastrephes illecebrosa). Capt. N. E. Atwood, Prov- incetown, Mass. Mollusca gasteropoda.—sSEa-snalLs, Xe. A. Useful: 1. Used for food or bait: 32885. Velvet chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri). Alaska to California. Indian food. W. H. Dall. 32886. Coat-of-mail shell (Katherina tunicata). Alaskato California. Indian food. W.H. Dall. 32883. Limpet (Acmea testudinalis).. Connecticut to Labrador. W.H. Dall. 32904. Western limpet (Acmaa patina). Alaska to California. W.H. Dall. 32880. 32882. 32884, 32903. 32830. 32832. 32831. 29301. 32838. Rockwinkle (Litorina subtenebrosa). Alaska to Oregon. W. H. Dall. Periwinkle (Purpura canaliculata). Alaska to California. W. H. Dall. Periwinkle (Purpura ostrina). California. W. H. Dall. Periwinkle (Purpura lapillus). Cape Cod to Labrador. W.H. Dall. 2. Useful by producing pearl-shell, &e.: Turban-shell (Trochiscus norrissii). California. H. Hemphill. Top-shell (Pomaulax undosum), in natural state. California. H. Hemphill. Top-shell, prepared to show pearly layers. California. H. Hemp- hill. Manufactured state of various kinds of American pearl-shells derived from gasteropods or sea-snails. Furnished by A. B. De Frece & Co., 428 Broadway, New York. Sea-ears (Haliotis Kamchatkana), affording pearl-shell and food. Alaska. J. G. Swan. 251 252 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 32890. 32900. to © DM © Oo 32898. © © co i=) © 3 ce — @ 6968. 2705. 32907. 32896. 32911. 33080. Rough sea-ear (H. corrugata). Southern California. Used for pearl- shell and for food. Specimen in natural condition. W. H. Dall. . Rough sea-ear. Specimen ground and polished to show pearly layers. J. T. Ames. Red sea-ear or abalone (H. rufescens). Monterey, Cal. Used for pearl-shell and for food. Specimens in natural condition. H. Hemphill. Red sea-ear. Polished specimen showing pearly layers. J.T. Ames. Red sea-ear. Fleshy portion prepared and dried for food by California Chinese. Chinese market, California. H. Hemphill. . White abalone (ZH. cracherodii), producing pearl-shell and food. Nat- ural state. California. Paul Schumacher. . White abalone. Natural state. Monterey, Cal. H. Hemphill. . White abalone. Polished to show pearly layers. Jas. T. Ames. 2. White abalone. Polished specimens. . Splendid sea-ear (H. splendens) affording food and pearl-shell. Cali- fornia. Paul Schumacher. Splendid sea-ear. Natural condition. Southern California. H. Hemphill. Splendid sea-ear. Polished to show pearly layers. J. T. Ames. Splendid sea-ear. Young specimen polished. J. 'T. Ames. . Manufactures of Haliotis shell, showing application in the arts. Furnished by A. B. De Frece & Co., 428 Broadway, New York. . Ditto. Parasol-handles. Furnished by Harvey & Ford, Philadel- phia, Pa. 3. Affording cameo and porcelain stock : Cameo-shell (Cassis rufa), used for cameo cutting. Florida. Dr. Win, Stimpson. Queen conch (Strombus gigas), exported to Liverpool in great nuin- bers and ground up for making porcelain.! West Indies. 4. Used in Indian trade: Hyqua shell (Dentalium indianorum), used in Indian trade. In this case the shells have been made into a belt by the purchaser. West coast of America. U.S. Exploring Expedition. 5. Affording dyestufts: Sea-hare (Aplysia). Affording purple dye. Florida. F. B. Meek. Sea-hare. Specimen of the purple fluid. I, B. Meek. Purple shells (Phyllonotus radix), Ornamental and producing dye. Lower California. W. H. Dall. 2, Purple shells (Phyllonotus bicolor). Used for ornaments and aftord- ing dye. West coast of America. W. H. Dall. 6. Affording bird-lime: Giant slug (Ariolimax columbianus), affords a thick tenacious slime, which is used by the Indians to lime humming-birds. California to Alaska. H. Hemphill. ‘The sea-ears and queen conchs are also largely used in Indian trade in a manu- factured state. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Do B. 33088. Tnjurious : 1. By destroying food-producing mollusks or shell fish, such as clams, mussels, oysters, and razor- fish: . Ribbon whelk (Fulgur carica). Florida. T. A. Conrad. . Reversed whelk (Fulgur perversa). Carolinas. Dr. Wim. Stimpson. . Hairy whelk (Sycolypus canaliculatus). Vineyard Sound. Dr. Wim. Stimpson. . Winged conch (Strombus alatus). Tampa Bay, Florida, T. A. Conrad. 33. Thorny drill (Hemifusus bicoronatus). Tampa Bay, Florida, T. A. Conrad. . Drill (Urosalpina cinereus). Florida to Massachusetts Bay. W. H. Dall. . Drill. South Norwalk, Conn. Hoyt Bros. . Periwinkle (Purpura floridana). Barataria Bay, La. Gustav Kohn. 2, Sea-snail (Lunatia Lewisii). Monterey, Cal. H. Hemphill. 3. Sea-snail (Neverita recluziana). California. W. H. Dall. 27620. 32866. Sea-snail (Neverita duplicata). North Carolina. T. D. Kurtz. Sea-snail (Lunatia heros). Massachusetts Bay. ,C. B: Fuller. 2», Injurious by destroying vegetable substances and garden plants : Slug (Limax Hewstoni). Oakland, Cal. H. Hemphill. Mollusca acephala.—BIVALVE SHELLFISH. aA. . > ! . Producing food or used as bait. * Oysters. 1. Series illustrating distribution and geographical vari- eties: Ostrea virginica, Gmelin —HAst AMERICAN OYSTERS. 32784. 32813. 32785. 33092. 33093. 327 783. 32977. 32978. 32810. Northern variety (0. borealis, Lam.) Prince Edward’s Island. J-~ W. Dawson. Nova Scotia. J. H. Willis. Shediac, New Brunswick. W. H. Dall. ‘‘Pourrier Bed.” Shediac, New Brunswick. G. F. Mathew. « Buctouche.” Kent County, New Brunswick. G. F. Mathew. Miramichi River, New Brunswick. W. H. Dall. Indigenous oyster, now extinct. Shell-heaps. Damariscotta, Maine. Robert Dixon. Ditto. Shell-heaps. Sheepscot River, Maine. Robert Dixon. Indigenous oyster (var. borealis). Buzzard’s Bay, Mass. Dr. Wm. Stimpson. . Specimens showing color -bands. Rhode Island. Gencral Totten. Nore.—The following series of oysters from the vicinity of New York were furnished by Mr. B. J. M. Carley, oyster- dealer, of Fulton Market, New York, through Mr. FE. G. Blackford: . “Greenwich.” Greenwich, Conn. ‘Blue Point.” Long Island, New York. . “Lloyd’s Harbor.” Long Island, New York. é 254 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 2781. ‘‘Cow Bay.” Long Island, New York. 82791. “Glenwood.” Glenwood, Long Island, New York. 32812. ‘‘Cove.” Long Island, New York. 32920. ‘City Island.” Long Island Sound, New York. 32919. ‘Mill Pond.” Cow Bay, Long Island, New York. 32778. ‘“Shrewsburys.” Shrewsbury River, New Jersey. 32915. ‘‘Ege Island.” Three years old. Morris Cove, Delaware. 33788. ‘‘Chesapeake’” Crisfield, Md. E.G. Blackford. 32976. Pokamoke, Virginia. E. G. Blackford. Note.—The following series from the waters of Virginia and Maryland, all indigenous or ‘‘ natural growths” as distinguished from ‘‘ plants,” were selected by Mr. G. W. Harvey, and furnished by Harvey & Holden, oyster-dealers of Washington, D. C.: ’ 33096. ‘St. Gerome River.” Maryland. 33097. ‘Deep Creek.” Eastern shore of Maryland. 33098. ‘‘Tangier Sound.” Chesapeake Bay. 33100. “ Little River.” Western shore of Maryland. 33099. ‘ Point Lookout Creek.” Virginia. 33101. ‘‘Naswaddox.” Eastern shore of Virginia. 33095. “Rappahannock.” Rappahannock River, Virginia. 33103. ‘York River.” York River, Virginia. 33104. ‘‘Cherrystones.” Chesapeake Bay. 33102. ‘‘ Presby’s Creek.” Presby’s Creek, Virginia. The following series from Florida were furnished by Kossuth Niles) sUEIS3-Ni: . “Appalachicola Bay.” _ Appalachicola Bay, Florida. 3. “Cat Point.” Same locality. —. Same locality. . ‘Raccoon oysters.” Appalachicola Bay, Florida. so oo 5 w BD S Oo eo w WO @D @ Sr) 1S co © ® So OO The following series from the vicinity of New Orleans were selected by M. Zatarain, and furnished by W. Alex. Gordon, esq., of New Orleans, La. : 32800. ‘‘Timbalier Bay.” Louisiana. 32801. ‘Southwest Pass.” Louisiana. 32802. ‘Bayou Cook.” Louisiana. 32803. “Four Bayous.” Louisiana. 32804. ‘‘Grand Lake.” Louisiana. @strea lurida, Cpr.—WEST COAST OYSTERS. 32879. Natives. Crescent City, Cal. W.H. Dall. 32809. Natives. Shoalwater Bay, W. T. H. Hemphill. 32798. Natives. San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32798. Eastern oyster (0. virginica). Taken from Newark Bay, N. J., when a year old and planted in San Francisco Bay ; showing two years’ growth in California waters. Extra limital: 32878. Fossil oyster from marine Tertiary beds near Vicksburg, Miss. Close- ly resembling the present English oyster. 32311. Fresh specimen, English oyster (O. edulis, Linn.). Introduced for comparison with the American fossil and recent oysters. North Sea. Dr. Wm. Stimpson. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES 255 2, Series illustrating culture and individual variations: Ostrea virginica, Gmelin —EAST AMERICAN OYSTERS. 32958. 32957. 32967. 32968. 32965. 32962. 32964. 32916. 32918. 32776. 32917, 32959. 32930. 32787. 32786. 32974. 32782. 32795. 32971. 32973. 32972. 32970. 32969. 32780. 32914. 32789. 32792. 32794. 32793. 32895. 32894. 32797. 32796. 32932. That portion of the series from South Norwalk, Conn., was fur- nished by Hoyt Bros. of that place, at the instance of James Richardson, esq. The portion of the series from the vicinity of New York was furnished by Mr. B. J. M. Carley through Mr. E. G. Blackford, of New York. a. Growth. 1-20 years old: Young spat on various stools. South Norwalk, Conn. One year old. South Norwalk, Conn. Two to three years old. Natural growth. South Norwalk, Conn. Three to four years old. Natural growth. South Norwalk, Conn. ‘‘Qullers.” Three to four years old. South Norwalk, Conn. Three years after transplantation. South Norwalk, Conn. ‘‘Box.” Four to six years old. South Norwalk, Conn. ‘“‘@ullers.” Three years old. Vicinity of New York. “Single extra.” Four years old. Vicinity of New York. “‘Double extra.” Vicinity of New York. ‘‘Box.” Three years old. Vicinity of New York. b. -Peculiarities of form and growth: “Pinched” oyster from muddy bottom. South Norwalk, Conn. Showing effect of transplanting the “pinched” from a muddy to a hard bottom. South Norwalk, Conn. Form caused by growing in a tideway. Vicinity of New York. Form caused by growing in still water. Vicinity of New York. Curious forms of shell. South Norwalk, Conn. Peculiar growth. Vicinity of New York. Specimens of peculiar form. Vicinity of New York. Natural growth on stone, South Norwalk, Conn. Natural growth on part of stone jug. South Norwalk, Conn. Natural growth on shells. South Norwalk, Conn. Natural growth on bottle. South Norwalk, Conn. Natural growth on crab. South Norwalk, Conn. Illustrating methods of attachment. Vicinity of New York. Blue Point “seed.”. Long Island, New York. Rosette of oysters. Vicinity of New York. Shell growing on Mactra shell. Vicinity of New York. “Seed” on old rubber boot. Vicinity of New York. “Seed” growing on stone. Vicinity of New York. “Seed” on rubber shoe. Vicinity of New York. “Seed” on bone. Vicinity of New York. “Seed” on bark. Vicinity of New York. “Seed” on leather shoe. Vicinity of New York. “Seed” on old boot-leg. Vicinity of New York. . Enemies and parasites : 32927. Specimens injured by whelk. South Norwalk, Conn. . Specimens injured by hairy whelk. South Norwalk, Conn. 256 ANIMAL ‘RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES 32928. Specimens perforated by ‘ drill.” South Norwalk, Conn. 32963a. Specimen injured by boring worm (an dAnnelid). South Norwalk, Conn. 32956. Specimens killed by star-fish. South Norwalk, Conn. 32963. Specimens showing ravages of Cliona or boring sponge. South Nor- walk, Conn. For commensal crab see Crustacea. 33092a. Lime derived from oyster shells. Use in medicine and as a fertili- zer. Washington, D.C. W. H. Dall. *** Other bivalves. A, Affording or available for food or bait. 32887. Rock oyster (Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh.). Alaska to Cali- fornia. W. H. Dall. 32873. Scallops (Pecten irradians, Lam.). Long Island Sound. Dr. Wm. Stimpson. 2868. Great scallop (P. tenuicostatus, Migh.). Coast of Maine. C B. Fuller. 27523. Black mussel (Mytilus edulis, L.). Massachusetts Bay. Dr. Wm. Stimpson. 32857. Ditto. San Francisco Bay, California. H. Hemphill. 32845. Ditto. Monterey, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32849. Ditto. San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32875. Grooved mussel (Modiola plicatula, Lam.). Nahant, Mass. Dr. Wm Stimpson. 32834. Ditto. (Modiola, sp.) Last Island, La. Gustay Kohn. 32858. Brown mussel (MV. capax, Conr.). San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. 2876. Ditto. (I. modiolus, L.) Massachusetts Bay. Dr. Wm. Stimpson. 32897. Ditto. Massachusetts Bay. Dr. Wm. Stimpson. / . Ditto. Castine, Me. A. R. Crittenden. 32871. Giant cockle (Cardium magnum, Birn.). Tampa Bay, Florida. T. A. Conrad. 32851. Egg cockle (C. elatum, Sby.). Guaymas, west coast Mexico. Dr. Palmer, 32853. Nuttall’s cockle (€. nuttallii; Con.). Baulinas, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32891. Ditto. Alaska. W.H. Dall. 32872. ‘Red edge” (Codakia tigerrina, L.). Florida, Dr. Wim. Stimpson. 32877. Quahog—round clam (V. mercenaria, L.). Maine to Florida. 32862. Ditto. (Var. mortoni.) Maine to Florida. Dr. Stimpson. 32893. Ditto. Providence River, Rhode Island. Benj. Davis. 32819. Ditto. ‘‘Snubnosed” var. Fire Island. B.J.M. Carley. 32817. Ditto. Elongated var. Rockaway, N. J. B.J.M. Carley. 32838. Ditto. Barataria Bay, La. Gustav Kohn. 32818. Ditto. Deformed specimens. Long Island Sound. B.J.M. Carley. . Ditto. Specimens of shell polished. Jas. T. Ames. 32889. “Hen clam” (Pachyderma crassatelloides, Conr.). California, W. H. Dall. 32843. ‘“‘Round clams” (Saxidomus aratus, Gld.). San Diego, Cal. HH. Hemphill. 32867. “Painted clam” (Callista gigantea, Ch.). South Carolina. 9841. ‘Little Neck clams” (Chione succincta, Val.). San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32842. Ditto. (C. simillima, Sby.). San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 257 32846. Ditto. (Tapes laciniata, Cpr.). San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32854. Ditto. (7. staminea, Conr.). Baulinas, Cal. 4H. Hemphill. 32844. Ditto. Tomales Bay, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32869. ‘“Hen clam” (Mactra solidissima, Ch.). Massachusetts Bay. W. H. Dall. 39870. Ditto. Shells utilized for catch-alls. Newport, R.I. N.C. Peterson. 32888. Ditto. (IM. falcata, Gld.). Alaska to California. W.H. Dall. 32826. “Gapers” (Schizotherus nuttalli, Con.). Oregon, J.G. Swan. 32852. Ditto. Baulinas, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32874. Salmon tellen (Macoma, sp.). Florida. T, A. Conrad. 32848. “Tellens” (M. nasuta, Conr.), San Francisco markets. H. Hemp- hill. 32847. “Flat clam” (Semele decisa, Cpr.). San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. 32909. “Razor-fish” (Solen ensis, L.). Cow Bay, New York. B.J.M. Carley. 32881. Ditto. (Siliqua patula, Dixon.) Alaska to California. W. H. Dall. 32955. ‘‘Soft-shelled clams” (Mya arenaria, L.). Cape Cod, Mass. E. G. Blackford. 32829. Ditto. Oyster Bay, L. I. E. G. Blackford. 32833. Ditto. Accidentally transplanted with young oysters to San Fran- cisco Bay, where it now abounds greatly. Oakland, Cal. H. Hemphill. 33094. Ditto. Bay of Fundy, N.S. G. F. Mathew. 32850. Date-fish (Platyodon cancellatus, L.). Baulinas Bay, Cal. H. Hemp- hill. . 32856. Ditto. (Zirphea crispata, L.). Baulinas, Cal. H. Hemphill. B. Useful or ornamental bivalves other than those affording food : a. Pearl-producing. 1. River mussels: 26092a. River mussel affording pearl-shell, illustrating application of raw material. Cincinnati, Ohio. D. H. Shaffer. 26092. Carvings, from pearl-shell afforded by river mussels, for use as studs, buttons, pins, brooches, &c. Cincinnati, Ohio. D. H. Shaffer. 26092). Pearls derived from river mussels. Cincinnati, Ohio. D. H. Shaffer. ——. A series of river mussels of various species, one valve polished, the other in its original condition ineach case. Chicopee, Mass. Jas. T, Ames. 25986 to 26010. Another series, both valves polished, from Dr. C. A. Miller, Cincinnati, Ohio, comprising the following species: Unio rugosus, Barnes. alatus, Say. ornatus, Lea. verrucosus, Barnes. gibbosus, Barnes. rectus, Lam. cylindricus, Say. pyramidatus, Lea. tuberculatus, Barnes. siliquoides, Barnes. circulus, Lea. anodontoides, Lea. 5 pustulosus, Lea. cuneatus, Barnes, &e., &e. Bull. N. M. No. 14——17 258 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 13507. 3624. 32836. . Ditto. Polished shell. Chicopee, Mass. Jas. T. Ames. 32921. 32922, 2. Marine pearl-shells: American pearl-oyster (M. fimbriata). Panama. Col. Jewett. Ditto. Illustrating formation of pearls. Panama. Col. Jewett. Ditto. Gulf of California. J. Xantus. Ditto. Made into artificial fish-bait. Boston, Mass. Bradford & Anthony. Ditto. Made into artificial minnow. Boston, Mass. Bradford & Anthony. . Series of buttons, studs, stopper-caps, &c. Manufactured from, and showing application of American pearl-oyster shell. Furnished by A. B. De Frece & Co., 428 Broadway, New York. b. Otherwise useful: 32869. 29527. 22210. 22209. 22211. 29526. 26595. 32839. 32840. “Hen clam” (Mactra solidissima, Ch.). Shell used for scoops, milk- skimmers, and boat-bailers. Painted inside and used for catch-alls. Basket. Made from Florida shells. E. F. Gilbert, Jacksonville, Fla. Basket. Made from Florida shells. Mrs. C. E. Mott, Jacksonville, Fla. Frame. Made from Florida sea-shells. Mrs. C. E. Mott, Jackson- ville, Fla. Easter Cross. Made from Florida shells. Mrs. C. E. Mott, Jackson- ville, Fla. Shell flowers. Made from Florida shells. E. F. Gilbert, Jackson- ville, Fla. “‘Coquina.” Miscellaneous species broken up and cemented by surf action into a natural conglomerate, used for building stone or for making a superior kind of lime. Saint Augustine, Fla. G. Browne Goode. ‘“‘Cuneate clam” (Gnathodon cuneatus). Used largely for bait. Nat- ural condition. Lake Pontchartrain, La. Gustav Kohn. Ditto. Semi-fossil (in shell-heaps), used for macadamizing roads. Lake Salvador, La. Gustav Kohn. Injurious bivalves: a. Destroying submerged timber: 32982. 32908. 33106. 33105. 32984. 32902. 32901. 32983. Specimens of wood showing ravages: Ship-worm (Teredo sp.). Bangor, Me. (Brig H. B. Emory.) C. H. Parker. Ditto. In lignumvitz wood. Gloucester, Mass. Samuel Elwell, jr. Ditto. (Teredo chlorotica, Gld.) Wood’s Holl, Mass. Vinal N. Ed- wards. Ditto. (Xylotrya fimbriata, Jeffr.) Wood’s Holl, Mass.. Vinal N. Edwards. : Ditto. (Teredo navalis? L.) New Haven, Conn. A. E, Verrill. Ditto. (Teredo sp.) Showing damage effected in white-pine wood in one year. Pier 44, North River, N. Y. W. T. Pelton. Ditto. Showing damage to hard-pine wood effected in one year. Charleston, 8. C. W. T. Pelton. Ditto. Schooner Carrie Melvin; done in6 weeks. Charleston, S. C. A. G. Hunt. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES 259 32815. Ship-worm. (Teredosp.). Gulf coast. Dewey. 32816. Ditto. Showing lining of tubes. Texas. Dr. Schott. 19405. Ditto. (Xylotrya sp.) Coast of Oregon. J. G. Swan. D. Prepared foods: * Specimens of various brands of canned, preserved, and pickled shell-fish in manufacturers’ packages: 26579. Pickled oysters (Ostrea virginica). Blue Point. B.J.M. Carley. 26581. Pickled oysters (Ostrea virginica). Saddle Rocks. B.J.M. Carley, New York. 25835. Fresh Cove oysters (Ostrea virginica). Kemp, Day & Co., New York. 25844-54, Fresh Cove oysters (Ostrea virginica). Kemp, Day & Co., New York. 25861-3. Spiced Cove oysters (Ostrea virginica), hermetically sealed. Kemp, Day & Co., New York. 26577. Pickled Little Neck clams (Mya arenaria). B.J.M. Carley. 26582. Pickled clams (Venus mercenaria). ‘‘Cow Bay.” B.J.M. Carley. 26642. The Farmers’ Old Orchard Beach clams (Little Necks, star brand). Portland Packing Company, Portland, Me. 26575. Pickled scallops (Pecten irradians). Oyster Bay. B.J.M. Carley. 26580. Pickled mussels (Mytilus edulis). East River, N.Y. B.J.M. Carley, New York. 25873. Scarboro’ Beach clams (Venus mercenaria). Put up by Burnham & Morrill, Portland,Me. Kemp, Day & Co., New York. 25864-6. Orchard Beach clams (Venus mercenaria). Kemp, Day & Co., New York. 25867-9. Little Neck clams (Mya arenaria). Kemp, Day & Co., New York. 25870-2. Little Neck clams (Mya arenaria). Put up by Bogart & Co., New York. Kemp, Day & Co., New York. 24925. Little Neck clams (Mya arenaria). Wm. Underwood & Co., Boston, Mass. 22235-6. Pickled Little Neck clams (Mya arenaria). Penobscot Bay. Cas- tine Packing Company, Castine, Me. 26752. Alden’s granulated clams. Prepared by Alden Sea-Food Company. Sold by Lyon Manufacturing Company, New York. Presented by E. G. Blackford, New York. 26753. Alden’s granulated and concentrated clams (paper boxes). Prepared by Alden Sea-Food Company. Sold by Lyon Manufacturing Com- pany, N.Y. Presented by E. G. Blackford, New York. ** Otherwise prepared. 5672. Dried siphons of Schizothwrus Nuttalli. Prepared by the Puget Sound Indians, Wash. Ter. Dr. J.G.Suckley, U.S. Army. CRUSTACEA. Crustacea phyllopoda. A. Useful; converted into fertilizers; carapax used as a scoop or boat-bailer: 2222. King crab, Horseshoe (Limulus polyphemus). Florida. F. B. Meek. 2223. Ditto. Male and female. Cape May C. H., New Jersey. Thos. Beesley. 2223. Ditto. Product ‘“‘cancrine,” prepared fertilizer. Cape May C. H., New Jersey. Thos. Beesley. 260 ANIMAL RESUURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STAT: S Crustacea A B. 2286. 2254. Isopoda. Useful; by removing wrecks or snags. Injurious; by destroying submerged timber. . Woodeater (Limnoria lignorum, White). San Diego, Cal. H. Hemp- hill. Ditto. New Haven, Conn. A. E. Verrill. a. Wood showing ravages: 2240, 2290. 2221. Crustacea Eastport, Me. U.S. Fish Commission. Woods Holl, Mass. Vinal N. Edwards. San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. stomatopoda. Available for food: Crustacea A. 2263. 2264. 2269. 2202. 2211. 2220. 2219. 2251 2267. 2261. 2265. 2280. 2250. 2241. 2212. 2213. 2214. 2215. . Squill (Squilla empusa, Say). Long Island Sound. U.S. Fish Com- mission. Southern squill (Coronis. glabriuscula, Stm.). Galveston, Texas. M. Wallace. : decapoda.—LOBSTERS, SHRIMP, CRAWFISH, CRABS. Useful; food-supplying: River shrimp (Palemon sp.). New Orleans, La. Gustav Kohn. Ditto. (Pal. ohionis, Smith.) New Orleans, La. Gustav Kohn. Ditto. (Palemon?) Isthmus of Panama. Dr. Bransford. Sea shrimp (Palemonetes vulgaris, Stm.). Long Island Sound. U.S. Fish Commission. Shrimp (Pandalus Dane, Stm.), as dried for export by Californian Chinese. San Francisco, Cal. H. Hemphill. Ditto. (Hippolyte brevirostris, Dana.) San Francisco, Cal. H. Hemphill. Ditto. (Crangon franciscorum, Stm.) San Francisco, Cal. H. Hemphill. ‘ Ditto. (Crangon vulgaris, Fbr.) New England coast. U. 8. Fish Commission. River crawfish (Astacus oregonensis, Nutt.). California. J. R. Scup- ham. Ditto. (Cambarus Clarkii, Gir.) New Orleans, La. Gustav Kohn. Ecrevisse (Cambarus affinis, Er.). Potomac River, Va. J. W. Milner. Lobster (Homarus americanus, Edw.). New York. E.G. Blackford. Ditto. Series showing young stages. Vineyard Sound, Mass. U. S. Fish Commission. Ditto. Young specimens, dry. Massachusetts Bay. U.S. Fish Commission. ; Ditto. Claws of extraordinary size. Massachusetts Bay. Amos Lawrence. Ditto. Remarkably abnormal claws. Newport, R.I. J. H. Clarke. Ditto. Noank, Conn. T. & E. H. Potter. Pincushion, showing application of lobster-claws. Wellfleet, Mass. Miss Anabel Stone. Prawn; Sea crawfish (Panulirus interruptus, Ran.). Santa Barbara Chennel, Cal. H. Hemphill. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 261 2248. 2256. 2247. 2243. 2249. 2218. 2244, 2242. 2245. 2217. 2216. B. 2266. 2272. C. 2261. 2259. D. Crab (Platyonichus ocellatus, Latr.). Vineyard Sound, Mass. U. S. Fish Commission. Ditto. (Panopeus Herbstii, Edw.) New Orleans, La. Gustav Kohn. Ditto. (Carcinus menas, Leach.) New Haven, Conn. A. E. Verrill. ‘‘ Soft-shelled” (in certain stages only) crab (Callinectes hastatus, Say). Vineyard Sound, Mass. U. S. Fish Commission. Ditto. Long Island Sound. U.S. Fish Commission. Kelp-crab (Episthus productus, Randall). Monterey, Cal. H. Hemphill. Crab (Cancer borealis, St.). Casco Bay, Maine. U. S. Fish Commis- sion. Common erab (Cancer irroratus, Say). Casco Bay, Maine. U. 8. Fish Commission. Ditto. Vineyard Sound, Mass. U. §. Fish Commission. Scalloped crab (Cancer antennarius, Stm.). San Francisco, Cal. . Hi. Hemphill. Market crab (Cancer magisier, Dana). San Francisco, Cal. H. Hemphill. Commensal with other food supplies: Oyster-crab (Pinnotheres ostreum, Say). Commensal with all south- ern oysters and with northern-oysters in northern rivers where the southern oysters have been long planted. New York. E. G. Blackford. Ditto. Commensal on the western coast with Pachydesma and Mytilus californianus. San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. Injurious by burrowing into and weakening levees and dams: Crawfish (Cambarus Clarkii, Gir. and most other species). New Orleans, La. Gustav Kohn. Fiddler-crab (Gelasimus pugnan, Smith). New Orleans, La. Gustav Kohn. Prepared foods: Canned lobster and crabs in manufacturers’ packages: 95836-43. Canned lobster (Homarus americanus). Kemp, Day & Co., New + 22237. 26643. 26651. 24926. 25834. 24933. 26578. 26576. York. Canned lobster (Homarus americanus). Castine, Me. Castine Pack- ing Company. Fresh star-lobster (star brand). Portland Packing Company, Port- land, Me. Fresh star-lobster (star brand). Portland Packing Company, Port- land, Me. Fresh lobster (Homarus americanus). Wm. Underwood & Co., Boston, Mass. Canned lobster (Homarus americanus). Kemp, Day & Co., New York. Original deviled lobster (Homarus americanus). Wm. Underwood & Co., Boston, Mass. Pickled lobsters (Homarus americanus). Cape Cod. B.J. M. Carley, New York. Pickled prawns. Savannah, Ga. B.J.M. Carley. 262 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Cirripedia. Injurious: a. By dulling the edge of knives and spades employed in ‘cutting in” whale blubber: 2270. Whale barnacle (Coronula diadema, Lam.) on dried skin of ‘‘ hump- back” whale. New England coast. U.S. Fish Commission. b. By obstructing the progression of vessels upon which they aflix themselves: 2271. Barnacles (Palanus rugatus, &e.). California. H. Hemphill. ANNULOSA. Annelida.—WormMs AND LEECHES. A. Useful: 1. In surgery and medicine: 3226. Leech (Macrobdella decora, Verrill). New Haven, Conn. A. E. Ver- rill. 3227. Ditto. (Macrobdella sp.) Mountain Lake, Cal. H. Hemphill. 2. For bait in fishing: 3228. Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris, L.). Washington, D. C. W. Pal- mer. 3229. Sea-worm (Nereis sp.?). San Francisco, Cal. H. Hemphill. 3. For food: 19713. Dried worms (Ephydra sp.). Prepared for food by the Monachee Pi- Ute Indians. Owen’s Lake, Cal. Stephen Powers. 19714. Dried worms. Used in making soup by the Monachee Pi-Ute Indians. Owen’s Lake, Cal. Stephen Powers. B. Injurious: 1. By boring into and destroying oyster-shells: 32963a. Oyster-shell, showing ravages (of Heteronereis?). South Norwalk, Conn. Hoyt Brothers. Norr.—Insects and larve, commonly called worms, affecting chiefly agricultural interests, are not here included. RADIATA. Ra diates.—SEA-URCHINS, STARFISH, CORALS, MEDUSA, ETC. N. B. Strictly ornamental corals and gorgonias, having no special useful application, have, for the same reasons which neces- sitated the exclusion of the solely ornamental shells, been here omitted. A. Useful: 1. food-producing: 3226. Trepang; Béche-de-mer (Holothuria sp.?). San Diego, Cal. H. Hemphill. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 263 3912, Sea-urchin (Strongylocentrotus drabachiensis). New England coast. U. S. Fish Commission. 3146. Ditto. (Toxopneustes sp.) Southern United States. Dr. William Stimpson. 3145. Ditto. (7. franciscorum, Ag.) Alaska to California. F. Bischoff. B. Injurious: 1. Destroying oysters, clams, &e.: 9914, Starfish (Asterias vulgaris, Stm.). Portland, Me. U.S. Fish Com- mission. 3149, Ditto. (Ast. arenicola, Stm.) Massachusetts Bay. Dr. William Stimpson. 3913. Ditto. Long Island Sound. U. §. Fish Commission. 3150. Ditto. South Norwalk, Conn. Hoyt Brothers. 3151. Ditto. In act of destroying oysters. South Norwalk, Conn. Hoyt Brothers. 2. By their urticating powers annoying bathers and “ foul- ing” nets and fishing lines with slime—various Acalephs. PROTOZOA. Protozoams.—SPONGES, ETC. Useful: 1, For conveyance of fluids requiring an elastic and tem- porary menstruum, and as a detergent: 3210. Sponge (on bougie). Boston, Mass. J. A. Levey. 3206-9. Sponge (Spongia barbara, D. & M.). Florida Keys and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co., sponge-dealers, New York. 3205. Ditto. (Spongia graminea, Hyatt). (Prepared by cleansing for use.) Key West. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 3203-4. Ditto. (Dried in natural condition.) Key West. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist. 3152-3. 3167 ; Ditto. (S. dura, var. densa, Hyatt.) Florida Keys. Isaacs & Co. 3154-66. Ditto. (S. dura, var. gravida, Hyatt.) Florida Keys. Isaacs & Co. 3172. Ditto. Dried in natural state. (Aplysina aurea, Hyatt.) Bahamas. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 3168-71. Ditto. (Cleansed.) (4. dura, var. punctata, Hyatt.) Florida Keys. Isaacs & Co. i 3177. Ditto. (Dried in natural state.) (S. cerebriformis, Hyatt.) Key West. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 3173-76. Ditto. (Cleansed.) Key West and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co. 3178-9. Ditto. (S. tubulifera, Lam.). Florida and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co. 3180-85. Ditto. (S. tubulifera, var. rotunda, Hyatt.) Florida Keys and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co. 3186. Ditto. (Dried in natural condition.) Florida Keys. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist. 264 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 3189-90. Ditto. (Cleansed.) (S. tubulifera, var. disciformis, Hyatt.) Florida Keys and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co. 3192-96. Ditto. (S. gossypina, D. & M., var. hirsuta.) Florida Keys and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co. 3197. Ditto. (S. gossypina, var. dendritica.) Florida Keys and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co. 3198-3202. Ditto. (S. gossypina, var. porosa.) Florida Keys and Bahamas. Isaacs & Co. 2. Useful as an elastic medium or absorbent: 3213a. Sponge prepared for use as lint in surgery. Wm. B. Moses, Wash- ington, D.C. 3211. Ditto. For stuffing cushions and packing. Florida. Jas. Richard- son. 3212a. Ditto. Prepared for stuffing cushions, mattresses, &c. Florida. Wm. B. Moses, Washington, D. C. Injurious: 1. By destroying oysters: 3215, Boring sponge (Cliona sulphurea, Verrill). Mature form, after oyster- shell has disintegrated. Vineyard Sound, Mass. U.S. Fish Com- mission. 32979. Boring sponge. Shells of Pecten showing ravages. Castine, Me. A. R. Crittenden. 32980. Ditto. Castine, Me. L. J. Heath. 32820. Ditto. Showing effect on oyster-shell. New York Bay. B. J. M. Carley. 3147. Ditto. Showing various stages in shell. Shrewsbury River, N. J. B. J. M. Carley. Rhizopods. Useful; the fossil forms being largely employed as a polishing powder under the name of “Tripoli” or “infusorial earth” ; as a menstruum for nitro-glycerine, in the manufacture of dynamite and other explosives; and also in the manufac- ture of “stone china” and pottery. The valuable quality in nearly all cases is the contained silica. MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS OF SEA OR SHORE, NOT OF AN ANIMAL NATURE. Plants: a. Lichens: 29316. Orchilla (Rocella tinctoria), in its natural condition as gathered from rocks and branches of plants. West coast of North America. W. A. Ross & Bro., New York. 29313. ‘‘ Archil liquor,” derived from Orchilla, and extensively used as a dye- stuff. West coast of North America. W. A. Noss & Bro., New York. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 265 29314. ‘‘Cudbear.” Product of a lichen (Lecanora), extensively applied as a dye-stuff. Western coast of North America. W. A. Ross & Bro., New York. b. Alge: 1. Having economical applications: * Available as food. ——. Irish moss (Chondrus crispus, L.), affording gelatine. New England coast. Dr. W.G. Farlow. ~° ; —. Western dulse (Schizymenia edulis, Ag.). West coast United States. Rey. E. Hall. é —. Dulse (Rhodymenia palmata, Grev.), used for food. New England coast. Dr. W. G. Farlow. —. Laver (Porphyra vulgaris, Ag.), used for food. New England coast. Dr. W. G. Farlow. —. Badderlocks (Alaria esculenta, Grey.). Available for food. Cape Cod northward. ** Employed in the manufacture of fertilizers, iodine and bromine, or “artificial staghorn” (Laminaria) articles. —. Rockweed (Iucus vesiculosus, L. & C.). New England coast. Dr. W. G. Farlow. —. Bull-head kelp (Nereocyslis Liitkeana, P. & M.). Stems made by In- dians into fishing-lines. Northwest coastof America. W.H. Dall. ——. Specimens of lines made of this material. [See ethnological and fishing-implement series. ] 29373. Devil’s apron (Laminaria digitata), dried stems for making ‘‘ tents.” Newfoundland. Dr. E. R. Squibb. 29373a. ‘Sponge tents” used in surgery, made from dried Laminaria stems. 29373b. Paper-knife, made of ‘‘artificial staghorn” or dried Laminaria (longicruris), by J. H. Batchelder, Cambridge, Mass. 2. Ornamental alge: The following series, prepared by Dr. W. G. Farlow, comprises speci- mens collected by Mr. F. W. Hooper and Dr. Palmer, at Key West; by Dr. Farlow on the New England coast; by Prof. D. C. Eaton from various sources; by A. R. Young, at New York; Mrs. A. 8. Davis, at Cape Ann; Mrs. Beebe, at Gloucester, Mass.; Mrs. B. D. Halstead, at Swampscott; Mr. H. Averill, at New York; Dr. L. R. Gibbes, in South Carolina; Miss M. A. Booth, at Orient, L. I.; and from California and Oregon by Dr. C. L. Anderson, Capt. I. Stratton, Rev. E. Hall, Mr. H. Hemphill, D. Cleve- land, and Mr. W. H. Dall: AMANSIA MULTIFIDA, Lmx. Key West. DasyA GIBBESII, Hary. Key West. DASYA ELEGANS, Ag. Chenille. Cape Cod. DASYA RAMOSISSIMA, Harv. Key West. Dasya Harvey, Ashmead. Key West. DASYA MOLLIS, Hary. Key West. DASYA MUCRONATA, Harv. Key West. DASYA WURDEMANNI, Bailey.. Key West. DASYA CALLITHAMNION, Harv. San Diego. 266 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. DasyA TUMANOWICZI, Gatity. Key West. DASYA LOPHOCLADOS, Mont. Key West. DASsYA PLUMOSA, Bail. and Hary. Santa Cruz, Cal. BostRYCHIA MONTAGNE!I, Harv. Key West. BOSTRYCHIA CALAMISTRATA, Mont. Key West. BostrycHiA Morirziana, Mont. Florida. POLYSIPHONIA URCEOLATA, Grev. Nahant, Mass. Var. formosa, New Eng- land. POLYSIPHONIA HAVANENSIS, Mont. Var. Binneyi, Ag., Key West. POLYSIPHONIA FERULACEA, Ag. Key West. POLYSIPHONIA OLNEYI, Harv. Dough-balls. Long Island Sound. POLYSIPHONIA HARVEYI, Bail. Nigger-hair. Wood’s Holl, Mass. POLYSIPHONIA ELONGATA, Grey. Lobster-claws. Gay Head, Mass. POLYSIPHONIA VIOLACEA, Grey. Wood’s Holl, Mass. POLYSIPHONIA FIBRILLOSA, Grey. Wood’s Holl, Mass. POLYSIPHONIA VARIEGATA, Ag. Wood’s Holl, Mass. POLYSIPHONIA PENNATA, Ag. California. POLYSIPHONIA PARASITICA, Grey. California. Var. dendroidea, Ag., Cali- fornia. POLYSIPHONIA BAILEYI, Ag. Pacific coast. POLYSIPHONIA PECTEN-VENERIS, Harv. Florida. POLYSIPHONIA ATRORUBESCENS, Grey. Wood’s Holl, Mass. POLYSIPHONIA BIPINNATA, Post. and Rupr. West coast. POLYSIPHONIA Woopu, Harv. West coast. POLYSIPHONIA NIGRESCENS, Grev. POLYSIPHONIA FASTIGIATA, Grey. Nahant, Mass. ODONTHALIA ALEUTICA, Ag. Oregon. ODONTHALIA LYALLII, Harv. Neeah Bay, W. T. RHODOMELA LARIX, Ag. California. RHODOMELA FLOCCcosA, Ag. Aleutian Islands. RHODOMELA SUBFUSCA, Ag. Gloucester, Mass. Var. gracilis, same limits. Var. Rochei, Long Island Sound. DIGENIA SIMPLEX, Ag. Key West. BRYOTHAMNION TRIANGULARE, Ag. Key West. BRYOTHAMNION SEAFORTHI, Ag. Florida. ALSIDIUM BLODGETTH, Harv. Key West, Fla. ACANTHOPHORA THIERII, Lmx. Florida to Brazil; Pacific Ocean, ACANTHOPHORA MUSCOIDES, Ag. Florida. CHONDRIA DASYPHYLLA, Ag. Cape Cod. CHONDRIA STRIOLATA, Ag. (C. Baileyana, Mont.) Cape Cod. CHONDRIA TENUISSIMA, Ag. Wood’s Holl, Mass. CHONDRIA LITTORALIS, Harv. Wood’s Holl, Mass. CHONDRIA ATROPURPUREA, Hary. Key West, Fla. LAURENCIA PINNATIFIDA, Lmx. Pepper-dulse. California. LAURENCIA VIRGATA, Ag. California. LAURENCIA OBTUSA, Lmx. Florida. LAURENCIA IMPLICATA, Ag. Key West. LAURENCIA CERVICORNIS, Harv. Key West; San Diego, Cal. LAURENCIA GEMMIFERA, Hary. Florida. LAURENCIA PAPILLOSA, Grev. Florida. LAURENCIA PANICULATA, Ag. San Diego, Cal. CHYLOCLADIA OVALIS, Hook. (Lomentaria, Endl.) California, GRINNELLIA AMERICANA, Hary. Wood’s Holl, Mass. DELESSERIA SINUOSA, Lmx. Gloucester, Mass. DELESSERIA QUERCIFOLIA, Bory. California. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 267 DELESSERIA ALATA, Lmx. Gloucester, Mass. DELESSERIA HYPOGLOSSUM, Larmx. Chleston, 8. C. DELESSERIA TENUIFOLIA, Harv. Key West. DELESSERIA INVOLVENS, Harv. Key West. DELESSERIA LEPRIEURU, Mont. New York. DELESSERIA DECIPIENS, Ag. West coast. Neeah Bay, W.T. NITOPHYLLUM PUNCTATUM, var. ocellatum, Grev. Key West. NITOPHYLLUM SPECTABILE, Eaton, mss. California. NITOPHYLLUM LACERATUM, Grey. California. NITOPHYLLUM LATISSIMUM, Ag. California. NITOPHYLLUM AREOLATUM, Eaton, mss. California. NITOPHYLLUM (NEUROGLOSSUM) ANDERSONII, Ag. California. NITOPHYLLUM RUPRECHTIANUM, Ag. West coast. CALLIBLEPHARIS CILIATA, Kiitz. Cape Ann, Mass. GRACILARIA MULTIPARTITA, Ag. Var. angustissima, Harv. New York. GRACILARIA CERVICORNIS, Ag. Key West. GRACILARIA CONFERVOIDES, Grey. Florida; California. GRACILARIA ARMATA, Ag. Key West. CORALLINA OFFICINALIS, L. Cape Ann. CORALLINA SQUAMATA, Ellis and Sol. San Diego, California, JANIA RUBENS, Lmx. San Diego, California. JANIA CAPILLACEA, Harv. Key West. AMPHIROA FRAGILLISSIMA, Lmx. Florida. AMPHIROA NODULOSA, Kiitz. Florida. AMPHIROA DEBILIS, Kiitz. Florida. AMPHIROA CALIFORNICA, Decaisne. West coast. MELOBESIA FARINOSA, Lmx. East coast. MELOBESIA PUSTULATA, Lmx. Wood’s Holl, Mass. LITHOTHAMNION POLYMORPHUM, Aresch. Eastport, Me. HILDENBRANDTIA ROSEA, Kiitz. Eastport, Me. GELIDIUM CORNEUM, Lmx. Florida; New Haven, Conn. GELIDIUM CARTILAGINEUM, Grev. San Diego, Cal. GELIDIUM COULTERI, Hary. California. WURDEMANNIA SETACEA, Hary. Key West. EUCHEUMA ISIFORME, Ag. Key West. EUCHEUMA? ACANTHOCLADUM, Ag. (Chrysymenia, Harv.). Key West. HYPNEA MUSCIFORMIS, Lmx. Wood’s Holl, Mass. HYPNEA CORNUTA, Ag. Key West. RHODYMENIA PALMATA, Grev. Common dulse. Swampscott, Mass. RHODYMENIA PALMETTA, Grev. California. RHODYMENIA CORALLINA, Grey. California. EUTHORA CRISTATA, Ag. Gloucester, Mass. PLOCAMIUM COCCINEUM, Lyngb. Var. flecuosum. West coast. STENOGRAMMA INTERRUPTA, Mont. California. PIKEA CALIFORNICA, Hary. California. CHAMPIA PARVULA, Hary. Noank, Conn. LOMENTARIA BAILEYANA, Farlow (Chylocladia, Harv.). New York Bay. LOMENTARIA ROSEA, Thuret. Gay Head, Mass. RHABDONIA TENERA, Ag. (Solieria chordalis, Harv.) Wood’s Holl, Mass, RHABDONIA COULTERI, Harv. California. CORDYLOCLADIA CONFERTA, Ag. San Diego, Cal. POLYIDES ROTUNDUS, Ag. Cape Ann, Mass. PEYSSONNELIA ATRO-PURPUREA, Crouan?. Key West. NEMALION MULTIFIDUM, Ag. Watch Hill, R. I. SCINAIA FURCELLATA, Bivon. Gay Head, Mass. 268 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. LIAGORA VALIDA, Hary. Florida. LIAGORA PINNATA, Harv. Florida. LIAGORA PULVERULENTA, Ag. Key West. WRANGELIA PENICILLATA, Ag. Key West. PHYLLOPHORA Bropizt, Ag. Long Island Sound. PHYLLOPHORA MEMBRANIFOLIA, Ag. Long Island Sound. GYMNOGONGRUS Norvnaicus, Ag. (inc. G. Torreyi, Ag.). Peak’s Island, Me. GYMNOGONGRUS TENUIS, Ag. California. GYMNOGONGRUS GRIFFITHSIA, Ag. California. GYMNOGONGRUS LINEARIS, Ag. California. AHNFELTIA GIGARTINOIDES, Ag. West coast. AHNFELTIA PLICATA, Fr. Cape Ann, Mass. CYSTOCLONIUM PURPURASCENS, Kiitz. Block Island, New York. CALLOPHYLLIS VARIEGATA, Ag. California. CALLOPHYLLIS OBTUSIFOLIA, Ag. San Diego, Cal. CALLOPHYLLIS DISCIGERA, Ag. California. GIGARTINA ACICULARIS, Lmx. Florida. GIGARTINA CANALICULATA, Hary. West coast. GIGARTINA MAMILLOSA, Ag. Portland, Me.; Santa Cruz, Cal. GIGARTINA MICROPHYLLA, Hary., and var. horrida. California. GIGARTINA RADULA, Ag. West coast. CHONDRUS CRISPUS, Lyngb. Trish moss. Cape Ann, Mass. Very common. CHONDRUS AFFINIS, Hary. California. IRIDHA LAMINARIOIDES, Bory. (including Jridwa minor and Iridwa dichotoma). West coast. IEENDOCLADIA MURICATA, Ag. West coast. CRYPTONEMIA CRENULATA, Ag. Key West. CHRYSYMENIA HALYMENIOIDES, Harv. Key West. CHRYSYMENIA UVARIA, Ag. Key West. HALYMENIA LIGULATA, Ag. Var. Californica; Santa Cruz, Cal. HALYMENIA FLoresiA, Ag. Key West. PRIONITIS LANCEOLATA, Harv. West coast. PRIONITIS ANDERSONI, Eaton, mss. Santa Cruz, Cal. SCHIZYMENIA EDULIS, Ag. Oregon. SCHIZYMENIA? Coccrnna, Harv. Santa Cruz, Cal. GRATELOUPIA GIBBESII, Harv. Charleston, S. C. GRATELOUPIA CUTLERIA, Kiitz. California. GRATELOUPIA FILICINA, Ag. Florida. HALOSACCION HyDROPHORA, Ag. West coast. HALOSACCION FUCICOLA, Post. and Rupr. West coast. HALOSACCION RAMENTACEUM, Ag. Eastport, Me. SPYRIDIA ACULEATA, Kitz. Florida. SPYRIDIA FILAMENTOSA, Harv. Wood’s Holl, Mass. MICROCLADIA COULTERI, Harv. West coast. MICROCLADIA CALIFORNICA, Farlow. California. MICROCLADIA BOREALIS, Rupr. West coast. CENTROCERAS CLAVULATUM, Ag. Key West. CENTROCERAS EATONIANUM, Farlow. West coast. CERAMIUM NITENS, Ag. Key West. CERAMIUM RUBRUM, Ag. East coast. _CERAMIUM DrsLONGCHAMPsI, Ch. LEastport, Me. CERAMIUM DIAPHANUM, Roth. California. CERAMIUM sTrRicTUM, Harv. New England. CERAMIUM YOUNGII, Farlow, mss. Canarsie, L. I, CERAMIUM TENUISSIMUM, Lyngb. Key West. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 269 CRRAMIUM FASTIGIATUM, Hary. Southern New England. CERAMIUM . Key West. PriLoTa DENSA, Ag. California. PTILOTA HYPNOIDES, Hary. California. PritoTa PLUMOSA, Ag. Var. filicina, west coast. Var. serrata. Eastport, Me., and Neeah Bay, W. be PTILOTA ELEGANS, Bonnem. New York. GLOIOSIPHONIA CAPILLARIS, Carm. Cape Ann, Mass. CROUANIA ATTENUATA, J. Ag. Key West. GRirrirHsta BORNETTIANA, Farl. Wood’s Holl, Mass. CALLITHAMNION TETRAGONUM, Ag. Orient, L. I. CALLITHAMNION Bailey, Harv. New York. ‘ CALLITHAMNION PTILOPHORA, Eaton, mss. California. CALLITHAMNiION BorreRI, Ag. New Haven, Conn. CALLITHAMNION ByssomwEUuM, Arn. Long Island Sound. CALLITHAMNION CORYMBOSUM, Ag. Beverly, Mass. CALLITHAMNION VERSICOLOR, Ag., var. seirospermum, Harv. New York. CALLITHAMNION PLUMULA, Lyngb. Gay Head, Mass. CALLITHAMNION HETEROMORPHUM, Ag., mss. California. CALLITHAMNION AMERICANUM, Harv. New York. CALLITHAMNION PyLats&I, Mont. Gloucester, Mass, CALLITHAMNION FLOCCOsUM, Ag. Var. pacificum, Harv. Neeah, Bay, W.T. CALLITHAMNION CRUCIATUM, Ag. New York. CALLITHAMNION LEJOLISIA, Farlow, mss. San Diego, Cal. CALLITHAMNION TuURNERI, Ag. New York. CALLITIAMNION Rotuu, Lyngb. New England coast. CALLITIAMNION ROsEUM, Lyng. New York. PorPHYRA VULGARIS, Ag. Laver, East coast. BANGIA FUSCOPURPUREA, Lyngb. East coast. CHANTRANSIA EFFLORESCENS, Thur, Gay Head, Mass, CHANTRANSIA VIRGATULA, Thuret. Portland, Me. ERYTHROTRICHIA CERAMICOLA, Aresch. Cape Ann, Mass. PADINA PAVONIA, Lmx. Peacock’s-tail. Key West, Fla. ZONARIA LOBATA, Ag. Key West. ZONARIA FLAVA, Ag. San Diego, Cal. TAONIA SCHREDERI, Ag. Florida. DicryorTa rascioLa, Lmx. Florida; Mediterranean Sea. Dicryora picioToMa, D.C. Charleston. Dicryora ciuiaTa, Ag. Key West. Dicryota Kuntuu, Ag. San Diego, Cal. DicryvoTa ACUTILOBA, Ag. Key West. SARGASSUM VULGARE, Ag. Atlantic Ocean. SARGASSUM BACCIFERUM, Ag. Gulf-weed. Gulf Stream. SARGASSUM DENTIFOLLIUM, Ag. Key West. SARGASSUM AGARDIANUM, Farlow, mss. San Diego, Cal. TURBINARIA VULGARIS, Ag. Key West. Fucus Frasticiatus, Ag. West coast. Fucus pisticuus, L. (1. filiformis, Gm.). Swampscott, Mass. Fucus rurcatus, Ag. Marblehead, Mass. Fucus vesicutosus, L. Rock-weed. Swampscott, Mass. Fucus serratus, L. Nova Scotia. Nerpocystis LUTKEANA, Post.and Rupr. Great bladder-weed. Monterey, Cal., and northward. ALARIA ESCULENTA, Grey. Badderlecks. Henqware. Cape Cod. 270 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. rr LAMINARIA SACCHARHINA, Lmx. Devil’s apron; Kelp. New York, north- ward; west coast ; Europe; Japan?. LAMINARIA LONGICRURIS, De la Pyl. Devil’s apron; Kelp. New England. LAMINARIA FLEXICAULIS, Le Jolis. Devil’s apron; Kelp. New England. AGARUM TURNERI, Post. and Rupr. Sea-colander. Nahant, Mass. STILOPHORA RHIZODES, Ag. Vineyard Sound. ASPEROCOCCUS SINUOSUS, Bory. Key West. ASPEROCOCCUS ECHINATUS, Grey. New England coast. HYDROCLATHRUS CANCELLATUS, Bory. Noank, Conn, RALFSIA VERRUCOSA, Aresch. Nahant, Mass. CHORDA FILUM, Stack. New York. CHORDARIA FLAGELLIFORMIS, Ag. Eastport, Me. CHORDARIA ABIETINA, Rupr. Santa Cruz, Cal. CHORDARIA DIVARICATA, Ag. Gloucester, Mass. CASTAGNEA VIRESCENS, Thuret. Wood’s Holl, Mass. LEATHESIA TUBERIFORMIS, Gray. Watch Hill, R. I. ELACHISTA FUCICOLA, Fr. New England. MYRIONEMA STRANGULANS, Grey. Wood’s Holl, Mass. MYRIONEMA LECLANCHERI, Harv. Gloucester, Mass. CLADOSTEPHUS SPONGIOSUS, Ag. Newport, R. I. CLADOSTEPHUS VERTICILLATUS, Ag. Gay Head, Mass. SPHACEEARIA FuscA, Ag. On Amphiroa Californica, San Diego, Cal. SPHACELARIA RADICANS, Ag. New England. ECTOCARPUS FIRMUS, Ag. (ZL. littoralis, Harv.). New England. Ecrocarpus FarLtown, Thuret. Peak’s Island, Me. ECTOCARPUS SILICULOSUS, Lyngb. Charleston, S. C. ECTOCARPUS VIRIDIS, Hary. Orient, L. I. ; ECTOCARPUS FASCICULATUS, Harv. New England coast. ECTOCARPUS GRANULOSUS, Ag. Santa Cruz, Cal. Ecrocarpus Hooperti, Hary. Greenport, L. I. DESMARESTIA ACULEATA, Lmx. Eastport, Me. ’ DESMARESTIA VIRIDIS, Lmx. New York. DESMARESTIA LIGULATA, Lmx. Monterey, Cal. PUNCTARIA LATIFOLIA, Grey., and var. zoster, Le Jolis. Eastport, Me. PUNCTARIA PLANTAGINEA, Grey. New England. PHYLLITIS FASCIA, Ktz. Eastport, Me. SCYTOSIPHON LOMENTARIUS, Ag. Eastport, Me. CAULERPA PROLIFERA, Lmx. Florida, : CAULERPA CRASSIFOLIA, Ag., var. Mexicana. Florida. CAULERPA PLUMARIS, Ag. Florida. CAULERPA ASHMEADII, Harv. Key West. CAULERPA ERICIFOLIA, Ag. Florida. CAULERPA CUPRESSOIDES, Ag. Key West. CAULERPA LANUGINOSA, Ag. Key West. CAULERPA PASPALOIDES, Bory. Florida. CAULERPA CLAVIFERA, Ag. Florida. HALIMEDA OPUNTIA, Lmx. Florida. HALIMEDA TUNA, Lmx. Florida. HALIMEDA TRIDENS, Lmx. Key West. ; UDOTEA FLABELLATA, Lmx. Key West. UDOTEA CONGLUTINATA, Lmx. Key West. CODIUM TOMENTOSUM, Stack. Florida; var. damecornis. West coast. CHLORODESMIS? Key West. BRYOPSIS PLUMOSA, Lmx. Eastern coast. BRYOPSIS HYPNOIDES, Lmx. Key West. ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 271 VAUCHERIA PILOBOLOIDES, Thuret. Wood’s Holl, Mass. DASYCLADUS OCCIDENTALIS, Harv. Florida. DASYCLADUS CLAVZFORMIS, Ag. Key West. ACETABULARIA CRENULATA, Linx. Florida. CYMOPOLIA BARBATA, Lmx. Key West. CHAMZDORIS ANNULATA, Mont. Key West. PENICILLUS DUMETOSUS, Dne. Florida; West Indies. PENICILLUS CAPITATUS, Lmx. Mermaid’s shaving-brush. Florida, BLODGETTIA ? CONFERVOIDES, Hary. Key West. ANADYOMENE FLABELLATA, Lmx. Key West. DICTYOSPHZRIA FAVULOSA, Dne. Key West. ASCOTHAMNION INTRICATUM, Kititz. Key West. ENTEROMORPHA INTESTINALIS, Link. New England. ENTEROMORPHA COMPRESSA, Grev. New England. ENTEROMORPHA CLATHRATA, Grey. New England coast. ULVA LATISSIMA, Linn. Sea-letluce. New England coast. ULVA FASCIATA, Delile. California. CLADOPHORA MEMBRANACEA, Ag. Key West. CLADOPHORA RUPESTRIS, L. Cape Ann, Mass. CLADOPHORA ARCTA, Dillw. Cape Ann, Mass. CLADOPHORA LANOSA, Roth. Orient, L. I. CLADOPHORA UNCIALIS, Fl. Dan. New England coast. CLADOPHORA LETEVIRENS, Dillw. Key West, Fla. CLADOPHORA FRACTA, Fl. Dan. Eastern coast. CHETOMORPHA PIGQUOTIANA, Mont. Cape Ann, Mass. CH2TOMORPHA MELAGONIUM, Web. and Mohr. Cape Ann, Mass. CH@®TOMORPHA SUTORIA, Berk. Stonington, Conn. CH2ZTOMORPHA BRACHYGONA, Hary. Key West. CHZTOMORPHA TORTUOSA, Dillw. Eastport, Me. HORMOTRICHUM YOUNGANUM, Dillw. New England coast. LYNGBYA MAJUSCULA, Hary. Cape Cod. LYNGBYA FERRUGINEA, Ag. New England coast. LYNGBYA KUTZUNGIANA, Thur. Eastern coast. CALOTHRIX CONFERVICOLA, Ag. East coast. CALOTHRIX SCOPULORUM, Ag. East coast. SPH#ROZYGA CARMICHAELI, Hary. Wood’s Holl, Mass. PETROCELIS CRUENTA, Ag. Eastport, Me. SPIRULINA TENUISSIMA, Kiitz. Hastport, Me. CHNOOSPORA FASTIGIATA, Ag. San Diego, Cal. HOoRMACTIS FARLOWI, Bornet. East coast. Inorganic materials: ——. Scouring-sand. Impure silex for domestic use. Alameda, Cal. H. Hemphill. —. Glassmaker’s-sand. Pure silex. Isle of Shoals, N. H. 272 ANIMAL KESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A REVIEW OF A PORTION OF THE RE- PORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1877. By G. BROWN GOODE. The following review of the character and commercial values of animal products used or produced in the United States is intended to supple- ment and explain in part the preceding ‘Catalogue of the collection illustrating the animal resources of the United States,” made under the direction of the United States National Museum for the International Exhibition of 1876. The statistics have been arranged with a view to a concise exhibition of the extent and location of the trade in all sub- stances of animal origin. The classification is uniform with that em- ployed in the catalogue. An attempt is made to show— 1. The amount of imports, the countries from which the products are imported, and the ports through which the import entries are chiefly made. 2. The domestic consumption of foreign products. The table of im- ports entered into consumption is more detailed than any of the others, and from this have been taken many statements which were not else- where given, as, for instance, the amounts of coral, whalebone, chemicals, and specimens of natural history. 3. The exports of domestic products, the ports from which they were chiefly shipped, and the countries to which they are sent. 4. The statistics of foreign exports or of the exports of products not directly of domestic origin. No account has been made of the indirect and transshipment trade. LIVING ANIMALS. The total value of living animals brought into the United States does rot fall far below $2,200,000. The value of the miscellaneous importations of living animals is placed it $1,648,465. Of this amount Quebec, Ontario, &e., supply $1,452,457, and Mexico $129,897 (no doubt chiefly sheep), Nova Scotia and New _ Brunswick send $30,124, Germany $13,262, British Columbia $13,762, England $6,184. The remainder comes from the British East Indies ($1,389), Cuba ($818), Brazil ($133), Scotland, Honduras, Belgium, Chili, China, France, Guiana, Colombia, and Uruguay. The latter countries probably send chiefly animals for menageries and gardens. Animals for breeding purposes are imported to the amount of $419,170. The larger proportion ($291,960) comes from the British Provinces ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 273 through the Lake ports. New York, with its extensive shipments from Europe, receives the next proportionate share ($111,501), then San Francisco ($4,708), Boston ($3,029), Baltimore ($2,113), Philadelphia ($519), and New Orleans ($200). The teams of emigrants have the right of free entry. The yearly return of entries is placed at $26,070. The greater proportion ($23,520) appears to come from the British Provinces through the Lake ports. The imports of birds are valued at $109,879. Of this amount, $71,989 comes to New York, and consists principally, no doubt, of singing birds. The Provinces send $38,328, probably, for the most part, fowls. Leeches are imported to ihe amount of $4,227. All come through New York, except $153 worth through New Orleans. The following table, compiled from the “ Statement showing quantities and values of foreign merchandise entered into consumption in the United States during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1877, &e.” (No. 20, pp. 446-505), while it necessarily does not tally with the figures already given, is instructive, since it shows in fuller detail the numbers and char- acter of the imports of foreign animals: | Description of animal. | Number.| Value. I | ILOTSE Se) 2 oe hese eee eine ate ees ieee tae aen a oes ene aanseeeet ie aio Saas | 9,240 | $602, 513 Cath oss te ace as see seamen ists se OP ce eeine See nee aaa oe ace a osemicee ee 31, 893 314, 094 SHGOW See he acne awiniemact =a qouee tie aioe sete eae aaa Be eg As mia em ieee aasehs | 282, 432 674, 883 Eg Serene ee ee Read Cue aie ei Es Pa Rd Anes Orci ee ites seta Sole | 4,534 9, 876 _ Animals for br SEIN GIPUNPOSES Me pape oe cee aa ee ee oe ee eng Ee ate eee 5, 370 416, 476 Fowls, land and water. ....-- ete Sr achat acme eee hia A eee ete hataits Mom eo nore Heaeraal 36, 793 BURGAS eeteceyaeies oie a Sateen ee lee eae ele aeee Serratia wel sie Sraicte yw aio ease Saidnis Se eee ORE ee 73, 187 REC GIR ON tee ES eoet ate e e nra os ens Marea s obaltrele ae Sao wctan atin coaae eae eee eee 4, 288 ATimals nNotelsewillere specified es20-s sa. sagas ese she Le eee, be ade once cee eaceele seek oe 27, 137 otal eee reset ose see tis teraacha cee dae tee Reet cue oem eee aa Soe [eee eee 2, 159, 847 The domestic exports of living animals are valued at $3,306,308, as shown in the following table: Description of animal. | Number.} Value. PETOTHES ere ae eee toe oi ete acy aoe clap ese ee lee ela tere a, ee eee eae 2,042 | $301, 134 AWE LG Se ees yale metal ag AIS Se ISS Sette se Sa ae Sore eer ae es mae oe ances eee aS 3, 441 478, 434 Horned cattle 50, 001 | 1, 593, 086 NEED vo srctsegee eee eee ao : 179, 017 234, 480 BETO Bee eet ree ToS et ey eine ae LN aS ste nee Es 1s Pe EEA Se ee meres 65, 107 | 699, 189 ae [eee ene PRG Gall iret aoe och eee ao Reel. SE eae ee Te aa a a Mee Ree | eee | 3, 306, 308 | The largest number of horses is shipped from New York (727), next from Brazos de Santiago, Tex. (363), Minnesota (196), San Diego, Cal. (195), Corpus Christi, Tex. (82), Puget Sound, Washington (66), San Francisco (52), and Baltimore (53). The horses shipped from San Fran- cisco are most valuable, being worth $500 on an average; those from New York $150; those from Texas $40. The principal exports of horses are to Mexico (603) chiefly from Texas, Quebee, Ontario, &e. (391), the British West Indies and Honduras (232), Cuba (157), and the French West Indies and French Guiana (129). Bull, N. M. No. 14 18 274 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Mules are shipped in the largest numbers from New York (2,058), New Orleans, La. (1,036), Brazos de Santiago, Tex. (116), Saluria, Tex. (92), and Galveston, Tex. (90). They are sent chiefly to the British West Indies and Honduras (1,541), Cuba (1,018), the French West Indies and Guiana (252), the Central American States (210), British Guiana (218), and Mexico (134). Horned cattle are shipped chiefly from Texas (20,596), Key West, Fla. (9,071), Minnesota (6,615), New York (4,863), Huron, Mich. (4,748), Boston (1,566), Philadelphia (700), Puget Sound, W. 'T. (611), Detroit, Mich. (543), and San Diego, Cal. ABO), They are sent chiefly to Cuba (27,388), Quebec, Ontario, &0. (12,020), England (4,991), Liberia (2,809), and to the British West Indies aa Honduras (1,741), the Bermudas taking a large share of the latter. Sheep are sent principally from Texas (108,747), California (53,438), Washington Territory (9,484), and New York (4,744), and find their way mostly to Mexico (161,549), British Columbia (9,484), British West Indies, (2,299), England (2,692), and Quebec, &e. (1,003). It is sufficiently evi- dent that Texas and California send to Mexico, Washington Territory to British Columbia, and New York and the Atlantic ports to England and the West Indies. Hogs are exported largely from Detroit, Mich. (54,504), Huron, Mich. (28,508), and Minnesota (339); also, from Puget Sound, W. T., to the British Provinces. Key West, Fla., sends about 230 to Cuba, and Texas 348 to Mexico. There is a foreign export of living animals to the value of $22,970, chiefly to England ($12, 136) and the British West Indies ($8,176). It is chiefly from New York ($20,722). FOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FISH. The import entries of food products are placed at $724,452. New York is the chief receptacle of these imports ($508,905), followed by the ports on the Canadian border ($173,007), San Francisco ($53,760), Philadel- phia ($32,111), New Orleans ($7,400), Boston ($5,253), and Key West, Fla. ($2,336). The receipts from Canada ($115,191) correspond nearly to ine amount given for the northern border ports, those from China ($43,331) to the entries of San Franc isco, and those from Cuba (2,846) to the entries of Florida. New York and Philadelphia receive nearly all the remainder, which is principally sent by Germany ($325,693), England ($65,164), France ($63,119), Belgium (54,537), the Netherlands ($40,145), Italy (311,957), and Mexico ($2,679). The total value of the import of honey is $61,205, of which New York receives the principal share ($34,693), then New Orleans ($13,483) and Boston ($8,019). Sausages, sausage-skins, and Bologna sausages are imported to the ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 275 value of $83,187, of which New York receives over $80,000 and New Orleans over $1,300. Condensed eggs come only to New York, which imports to the value ot $2, 529 Milk comes to the Lake ports to the value of $2,062. The quantities of each article entered into consumption are shown in the following table: Articles. Amount. Value. Bete es ae Serpe ce ee ae et oe ee nem eee eae yu mae Ly pounds..| 213, 909 | $15, 540 92 IMGUTEON yo sx = 22 ee Soe Sree (ooo atcha lel oats | ratte ete | 2,413 80 PROV eet ree seo fae on au cietiae Siciem moma Cae eee leet socio eas ue pounds. . 42,418 3,111 70 WiGDISOME = os cenen ens Gahuis < bo seco cicero soa Beier Bieta alata ai Sal Soe rs a) ataia| ni ee 824 66 BEA OU Tayaey ey ate (eyes states eee ard State shanna ore rae eee eae merce sate re SSS a ae eters ee cea ae | 38, 022 94 Saltedetone UST ee eee ees Sac en te Wee ean oe aie CRE OB 25 toes Uae See 112 00 Blip Opeeannaiieat eae hae lc ena a meee tienen misaeeeeem ce cise nceiaceeee acest coed cack alse une oneee 116 00 ALISA C-SI SS en ste) n iat sea Lie eNom eel pera Pops os Me eb eels ee cece 55, 928 00 IBOloPrialsAUSRE OS ye A-fos sso nee Ss.0 Se saree ete me eee ens sseaisieeecls cise oci-e cae el caeac= eee 28, 948 40 pounds... 73, 773 14,193 35 Prepared meats, game, and poultry, sealed or unsealed, in cans or otherwise. -.|...--....--- 28, 289 80 Gein eee eyoec yaaa eee eee eee acne iie hee eiace ee eceose: pounds. . 12, 524 1, 166 74 EMAC GOLEM Cat reese fee eae atime SAS meee ae omen ieseoe onc as cice cwaticasiseecamuene ou 38, 124 00 BBG ee eee eat tecieven senate ea Ree ease e ee eeeRe eee eee .--dozens..; 5,048,900 | 617, 643 59 Eggs, CONG EN SGU yee sess esas ie wae ate tate eee eae einem eee ers/eismieolte nie [nantes ones 1, 873 00 Eggs, POUR O Lapses ect cece ie Deore cele rectoanal els Harare sacalan| Woe oaee ne 203 00 Milk, LEST eae ey ort Resin OE LS RUN eran NY EC IS Vat ie Awe ae See, 2, 614 65 Milk, condensedioripreservied! 2822.5 ses ccie asia es ee nein ose ais ose eee Hee See eee 2,798 00 WHEESM sa. es saee sis ewe ce rneeie oa tows soe eide ows Lees eacmaneneseees pounds..| 2,719,451 | 464,001 23 MB Uitiber se. Cae eis oe ECs RA ee eae tee rE Sey Ei OR Le oat Ss do... 82,131 17, 231 00 HONG aja cals eases tt aos teats eget ee oe ce site ejecta Bea eiekaee gallons. - 27, 017 16, 473 50 The following tables show the imports of eggs by countries, and the corresponding entries by customs-districts. ; | Countries. Eggs. if Countries. Eggs. Marwianeeace tana.) Sarne NLL 1 hehe eee | 1] Dozens. |Dollars.| Dozens. | Dollars. WINGS Secs se se esc Sadeseetee ase 126, 800 | 8,716 || British Columbia .-..-......-.. 100 6 oneekonc on eun ae eeuman aus 3,066 | 188 | British West Indies and British Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, | Hondurass.227 224 aaec owas 300 69 CCE See We ar ers se ree as 948, 703 |109, 823 |) | Quebec, Ontario, &c .--..-----. 3 969, 302 1498) 825 | Motalece eee See eye Ps 048, 271 | 617, 622 | | | ora = piace ho “ pe a oe ——— Districts. Eggs. | Districts. | Eggs. | | Dozens. | Dollars. Dozens. |Dollars. PATOOSbOOKS NICE 2 tio = lems < 4. sh InGhes) 2. eee ee-ceneesiiacoemeesceneeeees = ccc 3, 813 2,338 00 Haliboxesjo x 4° eM CheS! soo an 2 ciate alecienicsmeeriviicisacee case feaine 264, 285 48, 044 00 Guarterboxesw4 cok) 1,921 | ear New Bedford, Mass...--..-- 67 CEO peste eo e.cls| aa eae ate ierne)< | scones | meee ae |e tees Newburyport, Mass ..-.-...-.- 2, 371 OM 1OG) fo 2e Seek, Se ee ce Sooe ics S| seers ce eee eaeeine eee {ieee New Haven, Conn ...:.....- a WB: |e csesahcnd (ewes ae cil eo sem ee se ee Te ee Wew Orleans: Iba. - BTONZOUO A Bag pg tea a heal eee AvnSnA) migis rinie cieicie ain = “BIC MLOTOS) FO SoPVIS poqra ys, eg aerials a ~=--"--goLIgy ut Aoxan gy, Or nical ln te visy ur Aoxyany, ie cies Pasa ieee a ans OCLOM GURL LAO SLU NT shokessiccsze roccers=----°-KBMION PUB TOPOMS seceeee Segre eee ee eatery (Tn Gy Baa sae inet cent ~-uredg “"" "Rag Woupg_ oy} Wo vissnyy oes Svag OI AA pue OLR olf} WO BISsNyT Spursy opso A odey pur ‘natopeyy ‘o1ozy “---BuRIMny) TON, pue Sorpuy yso Ay POINT OOTXOTL “° Apeay Ossod UST FO SOMPVINUBUL PUB ‘STRUITTB OFT LoTJO puw “ywos ‘vovdye oy} Jo agey pu ‘s,dooys ‘Too A, epee soa Leg ‘g90 '§ |-7--- ossod USM onoteaninet OLL FL teste e seers -* SWUOY-SUOTT OF SOV GCC ian | eae cehanes oe eens ~ SOTpuyT 4SeoL USI P GPE Svinpuoy YSYlig pue serpuy Iso AA YSTpLigy 16 80F ‘EL To RIQUANTOS) YSILEL ogg 189: COGiGi' ikcia ad ss soem nas oy ‘OLTEyUG ‘aqenty ECT ORO EO mene | Geka oy ‘YOLMSUNIG MONT ‘VTJOOS BAON CL Diaper pic sate 4] We CO SF oN * puepody om = Senta |RO8 4 BMD ee |SGPNOOR sc! se ag “puepoog G80 FL |T6S ‘OTT 88a ‘860 8 \6Sc ‘128 'c JTLT ‘OLE ‘PI|-------- ~~ puepoug G6L ‘OL |ST9‘2e |8LL ‘OLE ‘LT \e88 ‘0c —*|90T ‘06 od Aureus) Jere ere ee |en eens | PCY ell etic crs DY ‘BOLIPY UL SMOISSosso,, POWAY moc, \eretymn OOM: G9 Fase cra eee aaa Coa Ree a sree ta eae OU LURE Sfoiatalevne eae oe [o---ee---- ~ BOND hale ak Lon Ie eae 98g &P9 ‘009 ‘3 SED. re eeeccint eens ==9°-160¢ QE GDG saan Sere a ore te cere pee aera One LES 98L‘L |sLh‘ore ere BOT CG ese aeiemar iy apc Sear MINES JOST vases ets Rieke eral hee ap GES ‘OFZ oda pL ORL SDI, peo reo Slee e anes agaoas es 292 ‘990 ‘TE |Sz0 ‘99L '8 oyqndoy ourjuos.ry ‘Sav[L[Od| spunog) “saivypoqd: | ‘saeyjoq: | “‘spunog “SOOT | pur ‘oqse a fa | “S91: ABU ‘Appoys Heeaanae “Popo BATTER UL) : ‘ gee SOBI TOTOO A stpOT) | 286 ANIMAL RESOURGES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. The imports of adhesive felt are valued at $28,2 felt amounts to $5,299. mo do. This substance a r . * a Oo comes chiefly to New York and San Francisco. The import of roofing The exports of wool and woolen manufactures, by customs-districts and countries, is shown below: “ Wool, and manufactures of. Districts. Wool, raw and fleece. Carpets. Other mea Pounds. Dollars. Yards Dollars. Dollars. AlaukaCAlas kat 5 ie ou ick cee etictal| stce siete ones Vice es Cars Sais eA Sea porate ee | 85 IBS tmore eae see eerie eee eee | nec oeec ees eae eee ee Pcie Se era eee ae ee | 5 Boston and Charlestown, Mass. -...--.--- 2, 505 TG2Qi||becens scacioa| base costae 3, 922 Brazos de Santiago, Tex.....--...---..-- |e re ee ee (eee eee 3, 456 Cape WaAncent, -New Ve ee eee ee aeee w= | Ser ee tee ete ate ee 365 Champlain NGNe-2 22 = ea: es eee | 6, 500 1, 900 14, 570 9, 875 82, 327 Corpus @bristin Lex sess een ose ones keene coset sate ee etna lee oem rec teeeae eee aie 2, 625 Metro gs Wachiess vas Soe mcs ae 2,175 870 420 462 | 490 DD teat sera ee 5 as te hs Si Se IRIS eS ore Sec ccrsrcuatel eve ese See tate | rae erate eee eral See eet ees 455 Ma chiasS Miers .22 «cease cen ces Saline Sais Heake Malllemaaceeste 100 | 125 225 Masi Ohio seca aie ate foes See ioe 58, 219 PB 298 Nolo Secatet| Paeen | rece eel Ssicaee eee ee ING Ww bun port. Mass wseee sony shee cece an cise Se atele feeiee iste mietslo | oters, ates nse soll ieee aise eaeyate 1, 981 OreconsOreoy Jota aes ces eae alse 10, 200 4, 621 1, 404 1, 407 91, 310 DP OT TaAINC NT eye eae I Bas Fool tall 8 oa cr ls ee ek ee te Ce S| eee 25, 982. RIG HMONG raisin steerer ee Site eS Sate See | noe eye tal See eaters sia 4, 345 3, 475 6, 982 Salemiand beverly: sass a2 s- seal leacicieteeciecl saeeeeeeniee 2, 480 829 19, 255 Saneiero~ Cals Se Sos oh oe se ele SS Sab aco Ae crates os eee | eee tae cele ce nmere aero ere ee 6, 293 sper eur sins Cras ees eek a ake oo earl ore Stee eee Aa | erate eo epee ae te, Soe, all Seta A 924 DOAperior, Michio sah wes se ew ae ee eee ell er cee cing oe all etenaty ieee tate 13 174 19, 379 VE ODOLOM NIG) Snes Soe ce oe one eee seems ee eee ae eer eee 30 | 30 8, 135 Willamette, Oreg | 23 Wilmington, N.C 1, 241 otal ee eee: oer nee ae 79, 599 26, 446 | 23, 479 16, 377 | 275, 460 Additions to Niagara and Vermont, | | taken from Canadian reports .:.----..|------------ 6702008) 282 aoe as |b se eee 161, 106 Garanditotaleerere sane ee ener paar ss veaSea 696.454h Kosten socacl sec aseacees 436, 566 | Wool, and manufactures of. | ‘ oe Ither manu- Countries. Wool, raw and fleece. | Carpets. Cee of. Pounds. Dollars. Yards. | Dollars. Dollars. ON ne eat | | (ante eeeen Ar rembinechepublceyWece. tees o ani: | epee elses seis S=aceee [eect ceeee | 5 Babess 336 Tei 2 en RR Neon as AAE le Oe (eee BRR ert eee PRE cea ee 1, 062 Central American States...-.-...-2-.-.-- Vo ie a fa Ee a Ih See tee ee ye ne 309 Ge eC 5 Le aet eee a Line aie SI aL gt ee rae ge eee [ee a eee ee 4, 233 INVA COSe cee orcs ace cee eee eee ease ee fee yee tera | Cea ney Oe Seemesor ee (eee eee 300 French West Indies and French Guiana |......-..-.-|.---.------- Hee Ae |i some oe Ce 140 Miquelon, Langley, and St. Pierre Islands}......-.---.)..--.------- lanl tcies stale eS es oee es siete 950 French Possessions in Africa and ad- | | | jacent islands ...........-.- FE ae Al Dee aise Baia on ae Wend Se ates [ited signal 23 Hrench Possessions, all other: 2: -= =. 2---|).2-2--2-+<=- WS Nace wes cme She ee AIC gh We as nc 1, 297 Germany a. sseecs so sa2 ces naceses aes | MMe sete oe | aoe emenarae 5 5 24, 510 Great Britain: England......--..-...-.. | 10, 200 4, 621 | 4, 345 3, 475 | 51, 214 Scoblundmee seas eee na es aseeeeae eases aS MSE SA = 2 cata cteiwta ca Stapgsete cree ors le asleratee oe aS 108 NovaScotia, New Brunswick, and Prince | Ha wardtlelamde- ce sae sein teen ee 2, 505 | 762 | 2, 480 829 | 45, 959 Quebec, Ontario, Rupert’s Land, and the | a Northwest Territory-.---------¢.-.--- 66, 894 | 21, 063 | 15, 120 10, 492 | 93, 978 British Columpiayseenasesanosee tec. seca ee ceeanyee oar leeceeeecneae fatece teh eleapeee cece 13, 897 Newfoundland and Labrador. --..---.----- Nese eaances: [Beacon oe Bete ae ee een eames 64 British West Indies and British Honduras ......-.---- \eebhie 32 Ana | 395 | 495 | 2; 297 ‘British Guwianace ee ote ee Seco callcoeo eee aan haha Bet cae im ae ae Mg ee A aed pee | 1, 297 TONG KeOn gy ie ciae Mase en ee 2 es RIN tla aah el aan Cl ORR ne aa ee ceed | 3, 233 Hawaiian Islands. £. 2550 26 Soe ee oe IN YO ee ee hae eee eae oe eae | 4, 432 Bl aiyih 3 Se SG ie ie ah Bee Bo A re eae oe re 25 co! 199 es SS ee ee ee ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 287 Countries. Wool, and manufactures of. SERN eee ee Soe teen eae aerayee rele = Liberia Mexico Netherlands Dutch West Indies Portales! 2. tc. see ee aioe eue oes. Azore, Madeira, and Cape Verde Islands Portuguese Possessions in Africa and adjacent islands CDR aan eee eee Vaseveiice dass United States of Colombia Op O ye SS ea eee cei sinter ee eearne NPeneZN Ela th.) - ees ssest Seki ee sees se All other islands and ports, not else- where specified RO tale seas ae Sen eretectnan aka se Additions taken from Canadian reports - Grand total The foreign export of woolen manufactures amounts to of unmanutactured wool to $4 ($445,134), France ($23,835 Wool, raw and fleece. Carpets. Pounds. | Dollars. Yards. Dollars. Ba 32 SRO ton 1003 "tara eel! 138 121 55 60 PVE OA ih ok SLAP SATE weve 16 (2a 21 EL biaewed sus es {ek oi cae 85 96 Bc S lbs ors csegh ehh | aN Tee Neh 538 | 79, 599 | 26, 446 23, 479 16, 377 par PAE te Ii} e167 OSO0Ss [tele seigme wee ve ellie mness Sele EA CY 2 ees a a eee) SO P76) SILK. Boi The imports of raw silk are shown in the following table: e goro-~ ie, v,/ Vd, Other manu- factures of. Dollars. 332 2, 940 14, 469 170 127 275 1, 244 100 9 995 2, 225 1, 153 1, 040 1, 404 142 275, 460 161, 106 436, 566 that 72,519 (3,088,957 pounds), chiefly to Canada ), and England ($3,550). Silk, raw. Germany England .....-..-. Italy PAE STAR te refer cle tote et al= ei fesecrolat= strats ero Hong-Kong | Pounds. 5, 360 | 1,186, 170 Dollars. 233, 390 1, 017, 339 18, 403 1, 113, 832 19, 979 4, 371, 886 18, 108 6, 792, 937 Raw silk comes entirely to San Francisco (861,166 pounds), New York (324,528), and Philadelphia (676). A foreign export of raw silk (38,515 pounds), valued at ($209,709), goes to England (57,018 pounds), France (1,000), and Quebec. chiefly through New York. —- it passes 288 The ingport of manufactures of silk is shown below: ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES sl ae ea Silk, manufactures of. Other man- Dress anc : . Countries. piec ae & a Hosiery. er Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. AUS ITED fctarma ia = iwieyaieiateizine miaeatersioe 2 ors otareara te See PaNGIss Sree cae anaes eyo ya Ee See ee ne | Cee ee 9 Bolan es tesserae ae AS ae ee LN Se Ts 9, 000 10 44, 217 Braga Se rants cele ae eee ee eee ee eee eae ee eee eee Dl | scee- nce cece| ote OVI a= Fe Sr SR Pee WEED RN SEC SOD Sere Ne eee a 62 lee ceceemeee 80, 249 TAN CO \- = Sac erele saps aim lceclere lane meraice wars cocele duis eee cee e eee eee 10, 608, 762 3, 060 2, 098, 170 Germany no ea emas me Syeleinim aleleietnie etnias ale tele vy oiareteiateeraetnieiere sistecat= 4, 169, 604 39, 861 1, 178, 266 ; Ein CLAN Dae aera emcee cena mere cee coke cee Cee ede eh ine eee 1, 667, 826 35, 559 1, 567, 508 ICOULAM C seren pes latvia cs ci ncterehe tear eters eid eree eee eon cae coon 9, 247 450 5, 975 ir Sear NS Pe pettare, Sts Seine se etre he ie madicloiciatwine oe aes Goo aae ee eeeae eek ees ence see 312 NOVA SCObAasNGwibruns wick OcG peace snamee ccc seerece bance ocecme {il Popp ap sence. 57 Quebec! Ontarioneo te cencn teases cee cern setae at Beige een aoe G10 seas oseeeee 2, 273 BTUISHC olum pis Seposses eee oe kc ee eC e ee nena 160 @ Brigishs Golanai seen ee sees aseceenaseenroconte ce bices ack aeeea 237 BL DISH Hashes ae eee eee ache aeIoae ae eae ee ee een eee 889 OME ICON Roa sees cctewin cs stem sbeicicnn eos aeons | 4,518 British Possessions in Australasia 51 ERG Ue ep eee cep Woe one iste e eeieeshcih ele Ne eS eae em ae ena a 60 Dihalipas eee ete eee oe thee ee eerie st OE eee ee EE ae pene a 411 APA aes = Sete oie -ets cae ee ee a See ae hota a neh noe apa 8, 925 PONT COR See py eters ee ce Siac le aoe wlcre epee ate acre eee ee EA 69 Neth enlarred steer ees 7 eee i Re es As PRL LD gates 284, 235 | 6, 53 RUSsisioniohe Baltic and White Seas wc cecss secon ee ee ee ete eae caveen elle eee umn 544 SOP SULT Sct 5 GaSe Saale tee hare eo atenrsie cso ele Sie A Orie oe id oe aoe ed See a ep eerie 127 GO AEE ah oe eee cee eer ctr creas eco te canoe ee eee 68rlkasceceeees 278 ; OLEOMRIC Opes sateen = Sen cnia cca sar toen Se ee ae Ce eee en ee Salfewietack cc eel aanceteades 24 SWedenan daNOnWay, acc.te ace sscbel tee Samet e Cement e IA lise teen eatls aa ene a eee 64 BETTIE ECG yori Ahad Cayce tate hare Sars i crctre es Sym ic Ne TN ek a oo Se Pe oye, ed | ey 359 @ UminedsStatesvor Colombia sosmcee cs cecs toc cee ae ee eee eee SO seen eee 10 BUN OGiet sate eee Ne ci are yc ic Met ey re ere fe eee ae cee ae, Oe 16, 750, 826 78, 940 5, 000, 393 Almost the entire imports of this class come to New York. The amount of silk and manufactures of silk entered into consumption is shown in the following table : Description. Amount. Dollars. Silk: COCOONS Seryeto cee n Sane ee tae ee elects iin eo mere ce eee ale RIE ee ene acl eens yanies 222, 633 00 Raw, onas weeleditrom the cocouns|.. 2-20 os soon eee nee eee pounds. .|1, 186,245 | 6,793,710 00 ~ NAS EO te ao on. ee ee toate rica ee ee ete re Rt Oy eae oe a ne 168, 256 00 WormSieOS PS. EA cece eee Bint Meister aeee oe Soe eae otmts ae Bae ee earn Baan ere 1, 012, 624 00 Manufactures ‘of alll) kinds 522.5 55-6 =e ne cnc Sees ea Sao ae een eee 16, 239, 655 79 Manufactures, such as velvet, of which silk is the component of chief value }..-.-.---. 5, 510,178 87 The import of silk waste amounts to $166,646. New York receives $84,414; San Francisco, $81,232. : The import of silk-worm eggs and cocoons amounts to $1,255,285. San Francisco receives $10,818,447; New York, $216,836. ; The foreign export of silk manufactures amounts to $199,593. IVORY. he eee Dh The amount of ivory and manufactures of ivory entered into consump- § tion is shown in the following table: ‘2 Evory, smanutactured vss 2s.) 2 Sasso ete a eteeee meses S/maeselieee idee se etttnsis $339, 863 Ivory, manufactures of, not otherwise provided for ....---..-...---------.- 34,067 Ivory or bone dice, draughts, chess-men, chess-balls, and bagatelle-balls.. - 2, 236 Potal: Seis be tes sewer ccmas Saacaeee Tees debates sins ssescteee-) | OMG pn ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 289 The total import of ivory amounts to $379,402. New York receives $333,727, Boston $21,938, Baltimore $20,043, Philadelphia $2, 749, San tregneise 10 S965. e HORN The total value of the importation of horns, horn-tips, and horn-strips is $285,368, of which $240,487 comes to New York, $35,352 to Boston, $4,720 to the Lake ports, and $4,119 to Baltimore. WHALEBONE. Unmanufactured whalebone entered into consumption to the amount of 1,880 pounds, valued at $1,379. The consumption of manufactured whalebone i is valued at $851. SHELL. Shells of every description, including, doubtless, both tortoise shell and shells of mollusks, entered into consumption, $162,768.76. CORAL. Unmanufactured coral entered into consumption to the amount of $718.14; coral cut or unmanufactured to the amount of $28,649. LEATHER. The following table shows the amounts and values of leather and leather articles entered into consumption: Hides and skins: Goat-skins, Angora, and sheep-skins, with the wool on (less the NAN MELOMMUNe VOL) meeeserinace ta ae eae cae = ae a mmmisa se eayocele ae $7,419 15 Guat cans. MAWiare Seniesa A ae See to Cae See 3, 181, 072 40 All other hides, raw or uncured, whether dry, salted, or pickled; and skins, except sheep-skins, ’with the wool on ...----. ------- 179550295 93 eather tanned. nob manutacwureds 5.522... . <7. sae. c acct e|saaseeee DAB ATO! ose Saas ba S's Ssieoe i eraia |W dete cia /alets|| ais series 742, 300 HAIR. The amounts of hair and manufactures of hair entered into consump- tion are shown in the following table: Hair, and manufactures of. Hair, unmanufactured: Minman hair,cleaned/Or draws s- 2-2 22-22 so. csnnes ete ce das enitaesesceeeencdimes Human hair, not cleaned or drawn Hair, ‘manufactured: Manufactures of human hair Mair bracelets, braids, chains, &c Hair-pencils | Pounds. | Horse-hair, used for weaving, cleaned or uncleaned, drawn or undrawn Hor: se-hair, all, and cattle- hair, cleaned or uncleaned, drawn or undrawn, unman- RA EACER CRT GLOSS Dey Nec ee Ns ta STN ee A le POL Bae ea Des Te LPG SON TRE Cleaned hair, unmanufactured, not otherwise specified.......-.........---.------- DEG ess get Sree apse arenes ae te yore laim ley oC ee elaine oe eres See earn ei alate Se ‘Curled hair, other than hogs’, for beds or mattresses .--......--..--.-.------------- ee | 121,588 | 2,226, 692 | Hair-cloth, and other manufactures not otherwise provided for..........-..--.---. 748, 21 | Valuc. $40, 652 41, 627 90, 198 391, 439 4, 501 15, 057 i 16 14, 825 98, 661 1, 484 3 sy 294 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. The imports of hair, by countries, are as shown below: Hair, and manufac- | tures of. Hair, other, ‘ Hair, hu- | and manu- Horse-hair for weay ? man, and] factures of, ae Countries. manufac-| not else- tures of. | where spec- ified. kinds, not man- | | | Hair of all other | ufactured. Dollars. | Dollars. | Pounds. | Dollars. | Pounds. |Dollars.. BANGS YN tH TTG PEMD CUO LNG yereretet et eet ate led ee tele einer 596,741 | 104,240 | 144,220 | 26,380 BESO UL ETN aes hem ote le aia lie aie 57 SoM levers terete eeteteteys tages 650 413: Sorel ses ae ee SS eee | POE aot i 2 161,715 | 33,405 | 420,969 | 71, 943: AONE ee ee eee ania al eioyats ie teteelenlatsiee fatale BBQ Settee epee ioc cere me le iatecsi eget aes epee el ee PEAT CG eee er actetataleteter atetetofeteretaistelare isis tae 18, 742 6, 574 9, 278 7, 594 34, 903 7, 981 RG Need AIA pe treet aed atte ate eat 39, 741 26, 956 59, 126 51, 338 45, 323 | 20, 490» Hn Oar eee eae see eee 13, 972 119, 442 21, 167 17, 862 | 403,786 | 58, 989% S00 Ue eee eee terme in acta ston ne cer sea eens eters 8 GLOV see ee er ecs se ste fete emcees eel eee SD iv eS Ean Gh hs en rec paytaatate ster cree eee Plc pee Peseta eles | eet tree tae oe ke ye ey eater eee ae Nova Scotia, -Newrsrons wicks GC. sn =-t\pee =e ee poe == sacar 1, 192 224 12, 218 454 NnehecvOnbarie.recG ae sarees aaeeienl= = ZOE ease a omem elem ane ncier | emiersecece 10, 387 802 THOT OS IKON Sena eee eee ne eae eid aac GOMSson ee Soe Sale Te see [i arenes British Possessions in Australasia. ...-.-|---------. OMe 22 coe ww helnesk cea ee eee ere na | elope eae Maly i ee Nance nee eae eS DSA GT Hees ee it NNN aha Bates 2 |e gate SUSU UN eee tsa ere etetectars tote Aitata!simierat Le eet es oes ieee eee eee: waebelcse er eonee acer [=.= 50a VTE CONSE SEIN a ae No artetaee Evy Sepeie a eet ont lis Biravnttans ll evcieyaa eds otcyatas 3, 926 576 178,143 | 28, 74% Wubaye seer 2, 067 443. Porto Rico 138 52 Netherlands a.c0e sero ce on cleeeee eo Ar | 6,110 59& United States of Colombia | 95 20° MOM a ayer aoe ces TR eee ee [ere tatee ee a | cnc ake ee | necro one Ta eel er 235, 315 | 49,112 Porkey/inVALI Ca! 2 ose csiesasit =ln' wim im 2, 598 1, 124 Teer teal ee sec fas hs oe 2 Se ee eer Lh 138, 708 | 84, 088 | 51, 882 44, 015 PERFUMERY MATERIALS. The next table shows the quantity entered into consumption of mate- rials used by perfumers : hens | Description. | Ounces. Dollars. MOAStOr OF CASTOLOUM |. 222 So acer e nee ces eee ee etek sects scseaciecenseectaas | Bee eee ae 3, 482 ACT Lae ee eer eee ene ge ee a REE CREE Sai iore sini eae neSele Ge Seisjcrne lane Seon tee 1, 218 DALES. a- = con soe ence so eae rience aieiaite es alaleiareraielo'a/afaie 13, 115 5, 296 ISOs era eee ale iain ae oe i noe Re mini acie ae iain = aaiateiateiney= sins = ateiece 11, 316 7, 065 PET aT eee ee ere oe eos Siete ion Se eee ae eee acm tree 342, 109 180, 035 ibriinsh Wiest indies and ‘British Honduras... --4-2--- Gs 22 esas anise heel 11, 219 6, 500 PASH AAS TInIS Nee OSSCSSIONS§ <= ensceae ema en eee ne ee seb scacees 972 467 PIG KACO) ae ee ee Ree woe eid ia w cieine ic Sh ted DCA isobe bere Oe Se Beene aaes Sails aie 111, 763 52, 466 RSS Le GH SENSEOTES LIN OAT CA ates Steppe ats Se ee hfe ats mame: he olor elm 314, 290 174, 394 Wnited Statesiot, Colombia: <.-4.2e 0-52: seek eat Jodo acne se ssee snes stents ce 499, 500 213, 235 |_———=—— ele Acie SIUC Gall eee ere ele his ina eek oi Lhare Nona ee ie ese em a a ak ecm areas 1, 324, 165 | 649, 525 298 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. The next table shows the quantity of imports by customs districts: | Districts. Pounds. | Dollars. INGW OTK soso See be te sob aclacmenenssmcememe sacs couertck ossaussceemeandeene 919, 870 431, 06% NIG WHELBV ON uns os odowace eink oee es nneeeione said ae macwmctcnees seemecate oscars meme 284, 133 157, 345. IBOSTOM or Melerereraie wis SSS S CRS Sele a tieeileciaie eee lale arate ge aeletatom cic ee emer ene le ene 60,157 | 31, 303 PART Obie ific se Sais. ease we sce ad Na see atte be ae oe eo ee ee ae 45, 918 | 23, 851 SanPhrancisco.- sos eae oss cccteciccls sersiaictelsoe ae miele! ale ein Steele em pate cio aa lotetaie Sierra 14, 087 | 5, 763 TRO GA SE 5 ie cet San Diy te Te feet re La ce iY 5 er crete tata ta pote ae 1, 324, 165 | 649, 325 In addition to the above, we find that 66,986 pounds, valued at $52,938, pass through New York to England (foreign exports). WAX. The next table shows the quantity entered into consumption of wax and manufactures thereof. Description. | Amount. Dollars. nn Wax, and manufactures of: | ID EGSa WRC nee manent eeee epee ere seen eee eens eee ee eee pounds. . 19, 687 3, 198 Sealing-wax ee Sih Sah se Se oe Oe eae eee oars Seer eae ee Ie Roto ee 3, 088 Manufactures of, not otherwise provided for .......-...-...-..-.----..---- lweeae oe ee 6, 356 DE pede ee ees ee a OE Ieee TT SE Tek re ak Re ee an a (ose ee eae 12, 553 | The total import of wax amounts to $16,844, of which New York re- ceives $11,764 and Philadelphia $3,330. The total export of wax amounts to 276,891 pounds, valued at $22,876. The total export of bone-black, ivory- black, and lamp-black (the lat- ter not of animal origin), amounts to 515,488 pounds, valued at $22,576. CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS, MEDICINES, ETC. The following table shows amounts entered into consumption: 1 1 Articles. | Pounds. Dollars. | Phas phorus: = ctaiscsmee a cwceaisrs Oacne Sse sea else ae Tate eee eee lee ate 56, 474 | 11, 295 MATIN ONIA (CUE) sont ced cee s = cise we ae isste ene eee ee ate ee bine elaporaccte teste elereteietesic te okba| 131 OS ERC TTIN rm 5. yeas wie Yoyo ore PN TOPE ER ere Sree n wtal e ee Tae rare eso a eat ele 14, 653 Albumenvand!| actarines=.ssce5 arenes seteia oe eee ee Ho eee eee iniee oe le tell ea ae ecm ees | 57, 965 BA ETM AY COM WGN 256 = )ox is Sains eee ie OE ee Se eS ee eee See Bama elcierrstetereloena aie etal est crtcyan eps | 396. Guatle-nShy bone: s 22 josasinas sets See een oe Aa eee eee nee elon eitoe= teem ceria 54, 215 | 9, 482 Gam GAMES eee ee ne see oe eee eRe SIRS AO AR Scie Scoie es teiaislsioheialete = 14, 206 11, 843. EIMLOHS; Men Tan CpG PREG GM eres emia seein ete eiae ain eee atsteiolsigein| olan ie tets,-| seeeeeeia 12, 016 a eS eee Wopallevalwe ea 2e 20 sie ze cde oe Sel ete ae See Da on eee cia seh ona eS atiareeareeG eee eae 117, 801 The total import of rennets is valued at $11,944, of which New York receives $11,470 and San Francisco $398. BONES. The value of the import entries of “ bones, crude, and not manufactured, burned, calcined, ground, or steamed, and bone-dust and bone-ash for ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 299 the manufacture of fertilizers,” is placed at $82,882. The amount en- tered into consumption is $56,935. The principal import is through the Lake ports, which enter to the value of $52,469. Baltimore, the seat of many extensive fertilizer fac- tories, receives to the value of $23,857, New York $4,937, and Boston $1,475. The total export of bones and bone-dust amounts to 7,072,000 pounds, valued at $121,493. ~. GUANO AND OTHER FERTILIZERS. The import entry of guano, except from bonded islands, is placed at 25,482 tons, valued at $873,790. The export of guano amounts to 954 tons, valued at $41,530. 2,757 tons, valued at $77,190, goes as a foreign export to Ireland (1,537 tons), England (680), and Cuba (535). It passes through Petersburg, Va. (1,437 tons), Beaufort, S. C. (779), and New York (541). Other fertilizers are imported to the value of $157,471. Of this. amount Baltimore receives $48,230, New York $18,897, Philadelphia $9,613, and other ports $80,647. Manures, probably mostly animal, are exported, to the value of $1,076,602. SPECIMENS OF NATURAL HISTORY. The following entered into consumption : Specimens of natural history, botany, and mineralogy for cabinets, &c., and TNO Ciel RENAL O eres ayaa ae ee yey RP Pes es SDN tans, Sivas Sie eimlaNe Ereteielatin sie roe ie see enoe $12, 191 Skeletons and other preparations of anatomy -.....1.-------...------------ 4, 040" ESCs aim sipatye eens Gre. emetic es, isdn saa Akl ve ens ed eh ee eee es eae 4 11 SMEG Ce ULSD UB US ed cB eo Ee i ly RE a ga ED es 1, 097 OSSIISE A een eR pera ees eee tela asin, ood. o) sietsmiavsin Secession he es Saat ae amos 37D SRO taller een enna ara a Sone Pans Rice Cee Te Spent ns Sp Le eae ae a 7,714 The following table shows the countries from which guano is imported = Guano (except trom! | Guano (except from bonded islands). | bonded islands). Countries. et Countries. pets Tons. | Dollars. Tons. Dollars. ate Hee AURIS Fe oe See Riatce se ee nee 1, 832 DO VLBOF| | MEG COM manne cere nee a ee 18, 481 741, 124 SHAT OO he Ce coe retirees eit oe 16 (90h) | SVienezelaieaseaseese sere ee = 4, 463 65, 276. ido tla (ieee ee eee eee 4 317 || All other countries and ports British West Indies and Brit- || in South america.... -.-.| 1 12 ish Honduras ---: =. -.::.- 615 7, 123 | es rere eee eee te nS 100 3,178 Mo tale eee a eee | 25, 582 873, 390 ROM Ue ost actrees ee aga cea 70 143 | Guano is brought chiefly to New York (16,738 tons), Baltimore (7,732), Philadelphia (673), Norfolk (300), San Francisco (122), and New Or- leans (16). 300 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. The two following tables show the aggregate imports and exports for the years 1875, 1876, and 1877. Net imports. Articles. 1875. 1876. 1877. SGN Sha oy ANI TT ALS eet Peet $2, 062, 542 $1, 715, 264 $1, 625, 495 STL Ea ests eet fe eke ee ey 2, 802, 395 2, 520, 238 2,253, 620 ides, skins, furs undressed, hair, &c .-...---------------«- 20, 541, 768 15, 185, 194 16, 840, 299 TANTS Bes se caro Sas gas Se Pen et a 2 ERR 2, 987, 865 2, 881, 329 2 pis, 380 Wiools mmmanutactore Wess eee sete eee nearer 10, 379, 438 7, 929, 139 684, 425 TV AAYULLEAC ULE LC Sy OL pee eta teat siesta ote atte atte = 44, 216, 371 32, 607, 152 25, 328, 169 pol ena Wie eee setae note eee aia rea ee eet 4, 471, 396 5, 405, 608 6, 583, 228 BERR SAID CUE RG FEAT SIO leet te ee ot le ete al 24, 107, 665 23, 487, 418 21, 630, 566 Weather and manufactures Of --- 2. = ose wcw eee en nee 10, 166, 909 8, 208, 150 8, 117, 655 iHair manufactures. ...-.-.--2-2-+--2---------- -0+--------- 879, 419 348, 621 216, 745 Oils, animal and vegetable ---.....---.-----------.-------..- 1, 906, 949 1, 508, 387 1, 699, 829 Guano ..-...-- aeeeroe See ae este tee etl 525, 667 704, 818 796, 200 Provisions not included: .\.c-. essa sceees ee S5at ech e clecin ee] ceeceke ees cess Seco eeeiseselsescrit: (ee $125, 048, 384 | $102, 500,718 | $94, 124, 611 Net exports. Articles. 1875. 1876. 1877. PRG one ps EN LS eee ee a ee elles $2, 672, 505 $2, 436, 287 $3, 325, 203 Provisions: AVIGEL DS re cea he are Sortie ape MES RR En 39,217,176 | 49, 592, 834 67, 288, 758 Butter ANG CHEESE yea see ease See ee ee ae ele ele eeiaa= 15, 166, 599 13, 379, 579 17, 125, 243 Eggs and condensed milk.-......---..----------------- 132, 308 126, 849 132, 230 PEST PE ean EME an SPE Ls SESE NS Se 3, 165, 065 3, 715, 184 4, 139, 706 BET SNS CIS eps oUt Ol kt atta ie ree ete tater ia ctoler= 9, 555, 747 7, 615, 565 6, 607, 716 AVV(OO lech ten Ue Cie Ue ene a elect salle ainsi eile dere atete ate = 62, 754 13, 845 26, 446 manufactures of (not including hats and caps)...----- 154, 401 336, 389 291, 837 Leather and manufactures of (including trunks)...........- 7, 488, 192 10, 142, 576 8, 298, 383 Oils and fats: Animal oils; including whale voila) 2. S-- => =m -e ssee eae. 162 for making and preserving alco- holicispecimens:saaq.—s-4-- a 176 for making and mounting skins. 178 for making carts.......:...---+: 177 for manufacture of nets (acces- BOTY) esas o/cjans chee eee 130-131 for physical research ........--- 233 for preserving and making skele- TONS) 225055; st a See canes ses 177 for'smoking out. :22-43-25-5-5 555 136 for suffocating with fumes of sul- Phur’.. as iera eases ee eee 136 for transporting eggs ..-.---.--. 247 for transporting fish ..-..-.-..-. 247 for twisting lines ...-...-..---: 116 for wholesale destruction . ...--- 136 Hatehing eso. saeesee aan ee AA of leather-dressing, recent and aborigmally.- 232 acetee eee ae 172 \ Photographie (accessory). ------ 178 Sealing.5.2% 622) ose eee 169 Smoke-dryim@.. =... 52 ach se = 169 Sun:dryine so. see eae oe 168 EDTANSDOLGH OS teense ae eee 247 Appliances for working up results........-- 233 OL PUTSUlt:s.a8-Sssee eee ee ee 142 Applications of animal products..--..----- 179-187 AQUATIO > ...:: S25 ca topes mame ceabie tease’ 244 Aquarium-car (Stone’s)-..-..-./....--.----- 247 Aquatic animals, Fish-cars for ....--..----- 244 Floating cages for.....--. 244 Arabian Manns: 2 5-e.ces oes. ler econ ae 236 Axara; Red-mowthy ons... seen dae ueendee AT Archosargus probatocephalus .........-.--- 46 as ~ihe te i i" ett a Nill ia at One I i Ma ee INDEX OF OBJECTS. PAW CHIC IH OX 5-2 ces emcee eee a aieeoe: cts 189 PATCLOMYS Calivabus)=<-c-sereacsesi =. scec cc 16 ‘ MaVvAVenUCL essa ae eects eae erele 16 fs TO SK pe ete etree nee erence 16 Argentina syrtensium........-..----..-.--- 56 FAmgentine, (WEStEIM!: --4 soc m lentes = oe ianl-\sr0 56 PATS VTelOSUS VOMEL: = .--2-----n03ce~scesss-< 41 PA myrosomus Artedi..4---cses scenes 57 PATI AATULOR ee ere sistas cae te cence eetcieia 20 PATMEOICNUDS'..-)52 2. 45-c ct cose ence eciecceclas mi NGA S tat eases eleus nee retreats 80 PATMOr eDeLlensive.. - 22. 2-< ss. 3e2 se se eee 165 Arms, Breech-loading .-...-..-----=--------- 90 BIO Wee onion tani ee na a ote ee 90 Mazzle-loadino 32222. 2 Sse s eases 90 army collecting-tank 2-2... .. 22.02 s cc cce one 76 PArrow-nead pouches <.25..<-J-0-n--s20- 5-0 89 SHATpPeners) = - teeise ns peeeees 243-244 OBJECTS. Page. Calcined* coral: 2-5 Sse. ssacseoesee ee ees 207 shells (its2stccsasennera aeee renee 207, 231 California Gopher: ss--5-sses-e- seen seen 17 Gray Squimrels.5...- esses 14 Ground Squirreli2 222-5248 -- == 15 are 353 ec seer 2 settee eo aacies 19 SpottedtSoleg--h22--—-—-e oases 28 Sting Ray 222205 2)25. eee eee 65 Calliblepharis ciliata -.--.......2:2:-2222--- 267 Callirhinusjarsinus=-ases¢25-sesch ese eee 5 Callithamnion Americanum .............--- 269 or BallOyi ee ee ess eseee eee esas 269 a IBOLTELES anaes eee eee 269 M bySsoideumiesescac seer eee 269 a COLYMIDOSUM = -o=~ -meaaeae 269 a eruciatum<-- 22~ -eeee eee oe 269 a floccosum<_.c--=s-scn tees 269 zt heteromorphum......--..--- 269 es ‘Lejolisiai.. {fs a. tee ose 269 S plumtla 332240 s SS aa 269 ce piilophorats-.2-- esse 269 os iPylaiseell.22-04 2 -223if eee ae 269 ra TOSOUINS c(t 2 cee eee ee eee 269 + Rothe Loss eee eee. eee 269 sf tetragonum! t2=---2-s-2ee- er 269 se Darneriyes* 2 seseee ae eee 269 ree VOLSICOlOL assesses eee 269 Callophyllis\discigeraysh=-- 4-8) sse-a-5-se ee 268 se obtusifolia: -2.2.-.a-2+- eee 268 tt VATIeC aba ee)). leeeticeer ence 268 Calothrix confervicola. -.-.-.-.-. eee See: 271 ue scopulorum)=2-2---0--= +e at ee eee 271 Calls, Animal, whistles, &¢ ...-....----.--- 138 IBING ees Pace nce tee eae oo ee eee ae 138 Camels haimere csr de st eee eee eee 195 @ameo;Sea-snails for ss: eee ee ene eee sae 252 SHOU et cece ecee ce eon 206 @amera-ODSCULES = 22-52 ee eee eee 178 Camerastand fittinios 2chosoeeseso. eee 178 Camera tripods and stands....-.....----..-- 178 Camp iouthit 222: 5.52 sot ee cae hckeeeeneseee 162 Camp, Hunting.....-....- ene See eee 162 Canada daynx 225. - ss s2 oa tec nicest eee eee ee 18 Pike-perch'<.-/ #22 Sscssegoeweceecene ai Canadian essere onse 62 DSL Kase eee eee eee alate ay 247 MiG ides -+ eis bebe cee as teeaeeeeee 62 SR A ited alnlnainlha 138 | “‘Cat-gut” snoods and leaders -....--..----. 116 @antharides, Imports Of--2..os.s2-. s------- OIG RO a LORtOMIGI mene Sere eRe as oa Eee 61 Canthorhinus occidentalis................-. ZOMMCGATOSHOMUBITELCSsso_ ode esc ae coe cee eee ee 61 ““Cape Cod” fish-ways...-.-.-.--.-----.---- 241 | Cat-rigged fishing-boats ..........-.-------- 148 IA erate eee 56 | Cattle, Foreign imports of........-.--.----- 274 APE LINES CIN GS ae sta tae cieine anisole ele a ain ale AT MRC) Sutstil WET ais fe 2 26 SPR ok sO Ney Re 2 219 Sp NOU 0S eae === eee eee eee Jon e@aulerpacAshmeadtice.=- 6. oe asceeee tenes 270 BOO LS ae eee eee eee 92, 93 | ft Glawiteray:. A526... ak see ene 270 OS ee ee eae eee eee ee eee ee 91,165 | st Grassifoliagse.+-¢ sags cena see 270 “DD RUMEN jon agscaceandegaad Sedsangessdssass 95 ue Gipressoides iss se se aes 270 @aran gid) - As. .cacseaes ss. tecces-aebes seas 41 oo ericifolia,sa=25-.--h=-eeeees se 270 @aranpis ChrYSOS 22-233 44-\5256tse— oe oon 42 ss TAMU INOS a ee eles et eee eee 270 wt HippOStaechace ee. ces sce oe mesesaes 42 es Paspaloidest cectascssaacseerersese 270 Car-aquarium (Stone's). -.-....0-....--...<- 247 ec plamarisi ss 3-o42 oe ee en nee 276 @arassius auratus .-.--.---- 2225. sscsercnl 62 i prolifera) eae seone sees oes 270 Carbazotates, Manufacture of ...--..--. --- iio) iC anlolagilis microps): == -ceess: saeseeee eee ae 44 @anhazovic acids sss o2)= 1-452 -sossce-< eee 220A sOaviametcte: Stas Some aie es, RS ee a 186 Gar horcdicllae. sake sce noe Stee eee 177 | Cedar manna (Pinus cedrus) -.-----.--..-- 230 Carbonate of ammonia (hartshorn) (see un- le@entrarchidzey 242). osee-Sclser eae 46 WOES) Pam occe ee awe aal nee Seger ce west he 200, 202 | Centroceras clavulatum --....-.........--.-- 268 €arbon, animal, Imports of-.-.-../------..-- 299 £t Hatonianum, «= 2. sts sas2<<5s5> #268 Carcharodon Atwoodi.....----..<...-- Seine 67 |-@entropristis atrarius => =2:o94-cs5-see52o- 50 RUAN LE os cists, Saadeh se ece es cesar Seb 170 | Centroscyllium Fabricii . ----....<2.-:-:, 66 Gariacus columbianus. ...........-..-..---- 9 | Centroscymnus celolepis..-.-----.---...--. 69 si MACTOLSH cissesiees sass eee Seas 9 | Ceramium Deslongchampsii .-.......-----.- 268 os WALPUNTANUS oso secineise seine s ese ee 8-9 oe digphannmM vy. oss ea ela 268 Caribou, Barren Ground..--...--..---)----- 8, 193 a fasti piatuma:. <<< esscece-csee ae 269 Meabherssss scien feasts seie~wiaaaee ce 210 | ss nitens 2.0 :/52)0-b5. Schaar seas 268 Woodland 5: 3525. -s-seetoeneee sack 8 | e TUDTOMY. +. a teeo seat seee- Ese eS Woodland: 2.5 seo scsmace cman poser te) fe SURICHIIM ease 268 eDiets aha ee dno dase eee eeig tt oe aes 61 ss TENMISSIMNUM soe ease eee eee 268 Gallo). <<. -22egeshcscicckins siacdeccce 228 | o Moun oy ise seen eens sects es 268 arpets Almports:0f 222) ga2 5-22 2s eens 286 | Ceratacanthus aurantiacus .........-.--.-.: 25 Carpiodesieyprinus: .-5-\-4-5- <6. = oes GL AC OLO sos ies ae ae otter niente ae aite alates ele 41 GarsyRemieerator s': 350 sese2\s 52sec ce-eceeus 168 Spotted iss 550 fotos ee eee 41 ManLON=PlOLPe leo. \c nc cana pee aus beeen Lie Cervades seas enh SS ees tee meteaner q Gartridee-holders) 24225 oc scence «cases 954 |\4@ervusicanadensis) --245-- 6 -aqa----- seen aan Cartridges, Ball, shot, and wire----- Reigate 92 | pT (daman eis S.c..s0- Saeeedsbee aceon § Methods of preparing .-.-......-. 92-93 | Getre cee Meese meee saecciaatns Mest ee sees 10 AGN PDO rere aes Sat. oa, s ec aec ease aL ee 137,142 | Chinopsetta dentata.......-.---.-..------- 27 Carts, Fish (used in Nantucket)--.--.--...- 142 ot ODON SB ee rasa ans des See 27 CARVIN E ALVORY! Sects ssiceinas as +22 octland ee Vado 173 ‘ Ocellsmsy ec. spect mcseaneee 27 MOEA ELGG Ste eee he iene one acm oecee Sema: 1634 eOhsetodontitises- = es e See eee 3g Waseiot cups) (Clarks) '<. 2) 22 se 2ccsnee cesses 247 ; Chetomorpha brachygona.........-----.--- 271 (WilImOU;8) Sa aa63 2 aoe te aiaere 247 ce Melaconv0M:. = sscmes sees 271 Gaseot trays (Clirkis)) so os..3k 5. once pes: 247 ES Picquotiana .as-cis pasa AU RSMO Rese cates cee eee lei se eke Seawiemisteee 95, 245 xf SUUOMA) Beck se ake ee seen 308 INDEX OF Page. Cheetomorpha tortuosa.......---......----- 271 Chamzdoris annulata ....25.---...--)-5-05- 271 Champia parvulasJ. sec sadee tee weeesccuenee 267 Channel Catfish’ jo. oe cee cees conse ce 62 Chantransia efflorescens ........-.--......-- 269 ae Wir Sables La ee wel smce es eee 269 harcoalWAnimal: sss tek ose eee cee eee 230 Charee- drawers os soc se sae dete emiaiyeseeee 93 Charléston*Bream’.2.cetecesee sence sees 46 Checks #Recoilac 4. eee cece teens 94 Cheek-knives!)- #226 225: cece Nee scence 74 Cheesesee ts sat ttirde sates eee 183, 277, 276 Chelomiamydas ss sae ene eee s eee eee eee 22 | VIP Cals sec enact ae a 22 Wheloniidwees sons eee eee eee ce ene. 22 Chelydrajserpentinazes=2e2- eee see sence eee 22 Chelydridtaa.sa-e bees ee er ea aee 22 Chemical application of hoofs and claws -.203-205 preparations, Consumption of -... 299 products -.=2225:)2- sQeaneesasuee 175, 219 products and agents in arts and ALECICINES eclsiat ee ae eee eee 229-231 products from birds ........%...-- 230: products from crustacea .......-. 231 products from fishes......--...-. 230-231 products from insects.-.-..-.---- 229-231 products derived from mammals. 229-230 products from mollusks .....-..-. 231 products from protozoans ..-...-. 231 products from radiates ...-.....-. 231 products from reptiles.........--- 230 products from worms..........--- 231 | Chests! Medicine. -:--2.--.52--2------- Sic OT hickaneeeresste eee ee neeer eee eee 14 Chicken; ‘Canned: 24-23) 2522 Seek 2 185 Chief Mountain Lake White-fish........... 57 hilichthys tarsidus-25 245225462 peed. Chilomycterus fuliginosus.......--.......-- 24 sf SEOMELMICUS== 222 2s <2 = ese 23 @himora Browne -24) 2 of ee ae roseeee 65 Paeihie: passes eae aE 65 plomibea tse eo: Dae ee 65 Whim pride: 25s fae es ee eee ee Se teas 65 Chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger)...-.......--- 193 Chipmunk ss 22s. sess Reo eee eee ceore 14 Chirostoma californiensis........-....-..--- 53 a NOUbUM sa soeifo es eee eee eee 53 Chirusiconstellatus. ¢..22 eect ee esa = 35 Puiitatus!.< eet os seis e's Ses oc secs 35 DICUUSL A> + Se eee ese necocenaceeee 35 Chioralshydrate= te ssss2sess5-255- oc eee 177 Chlorodesmis' (2) =<: je Ue seed essas cae cee 270 Chnoospora fastigiata........-........---2- 271 Whocksvess as Sse 2hj-dem ss oc see eee eee 151 Cherojnlistradiatus --. oie etna sete 36 ChOpseliee sre ee eaeceita ne cl see ee eee eee 3 Phoice, Sallorist eee teses eset es ean ee 46 hoker Ome tee teen oc ae eee eae 26 Chondria atropurpurea.-.. -.-...4.......--. 266 a dasyphylla we. sccnoctecteesen ee 266 littonalishs2. 22-28 Sho oeeetee oes 266 " Bbriolatal s22-425.4-52 187 Cocoons, Boiling the.---...........-......-- 171 Goelatinedromissccsecseessece saa 187 MeO CUI LONER LOS MM sae wiclesinice sessilis ol 270 MOC TUG OY fojeperentepeyaraim amare eat aistalate miata i= acoctels 183 ROC FS ei rerojaucla sais eee vie cin mioiseine ees emesis 29 Wo cline SpOLted! cacaisimscitjssce ne Sas aa erate 30 MOC liver OW: so secedcbeteer tecwersne ae 226, 296-297 Wood Salteds sc... aaceeeteacececles setae 185 BOM sais Naan Se Stee eee eee cictalsats 29 RBOUL-SCINES Socssicvsigemepisam seootsicie ace 127 RTOS (CON SUCHE) 5 aon A= ta aiaiars slate yaaa aermey alata 185 Wollars; Cormorant <--2 <5 2/2)---<4e- oeanntee 137 DOO eh ee ee eaa ee acieecmaeeistoaee 137 Collecting-tank, Army ....-...:--.---.------ 176 MIOUSCHONS 395.22 Joos -assimees 4sons = Soe se 241 MOL OCIOM 2o-— cate icreien arenes eaeae sree eee ens 177 RS GLONIA POW GEL as sae sssee nee eeeces oat 91 Walorime fromy Pirds).\1oce7ye scien eae ne 228 FISHES ps jsoecisiane eons semel ere 228 INSCCLS i Yes aci2 clenicisminia'es 2 228-229 MmAamMMals* fas o-A-ceeeeleeese 228 MOSES feo secl= seine es 229 Materials, joss seca sccssese 228-229, 298 Columbia Black-tailed Deer -.....-..--..--. 9 MBOMIDIN LS soeniss lates essa =i,2) ae pose ee eee 170 Commercial statistics of animal products in the) Wnited, Stabs) << 25. ce jee se = oa ells 273 SOMMISSAysSUPPLHeES)-nccica-isea =a 162-164 Sommony Hele... s--aseaceecmesemectetenies 63 HIGHUGCSancacein asec sear ais 27 IMOUSGacsseerecieean ene seer aaeeeee 17 IRON NEN Se scososo sense sooseaoecciocanc 10 Sealieetencsactesan eet inertems pate 5 Silk-worm; Silk of). --oc.cpec.cseee 196 Skunkey. 2 cisticce sommes pea-eemescsa 4 NUCKOl eas asec scents aetees 61 AV OM PASSOS) meses oe /sin.o ene sin cles aio sihite ames ee Leo: Composition shell-work .......--.--..------ 207 Conch shell (Strombus gigas). --.--..----..-. 206 PON yOTACTIStaba, oa oan pleases ees aay 14 Conepatus mapurito......-..-------.--.---- 4 Won reroll cp ceieacatems seseceewesdacsicecte 63 Cine Ges abe ba teaeeersosuen seasepeueus caer 63 Consumption of bristles .............--..--- 295 chemical preparations. --..- 299 (COMPA AB pacer easoseccgosece 290 coloring materials. ........- 298 PALS ja ceccete se ac cinemacbieiad 296-297 Leathers ecse-nmasteer ee 296 | | | | OBJECTS. 309 Page. Consumption of fish 2. ae cere cee see eee 280 Pelahine ea seavcerese eee eee 296 Hor 2 Ueeae seh aps scene eee 294 ISIN PIERS once esa eral 296 ivory and its manufactures. 289 leather. <5. -teaemeetssenaeee 290 medicines; 6&6: acemecacoeees 299 OS) 3: esscesne eee see 296-297 perfumery materials ....--. 298 Quills) 2325 ciccsueeaseeasteeee 296 shell... 3254 esse eee 290 silk and its manufactures... 289 SOAPS) 220. se bee ec GOT specimens of natural history 300 wax and its manufactures.. 299 whalebone... =secceceneeee 290 Cooking-apparatus) <2)... 25 ds qeaeseeee 162 Cooling seats ewer acs < seein se oe ee ee ae 174 @opses; Movable). cj. 2228.2 seceeesaaesseace 141 WOGUEbLO sp reiis oss O22. let a ieiblesenomeeee 38 COUN ae ee es ais a ee sos ce saisne eeemeeceee 207 Coraclesya an etceeee toank et ascsesniius Sowa 146 Coralia nse hac ries eects eis mie ee tee 207, 262, 290 AS ay MALOnialy weston. veo were cee cme cee 207 SHS Ae) SA erica sits oan (5 te ss oe ear 207 LOTT CNT eaters ate east alla iaiele aeiote 207 Calomediee facet ess5-e-cocecisescieee oo 207 IPreparablon! OF -3%is =o ei=e eee = 174 Reds sigs does sees sensed Ses caseeet 207 ThitPANOER) OF Aaseso case neecewees 207 Wihite esac 2 om. a eae epee ssc oOe Coral-dred cer to. sash. J2piaaeeinsteseesoeee : 129 Coraltrocle: evsas teh skocte ook se ech eeee 207 Corallimaronicinallish=-.-seisse se Ses 267 we SOMAM Abas = soya eee eee eee 267 Corals; Propagation of... ..-5--..-.---.-5- 248 Coral-bon gs aera ltee aetna er anee eae ae 86 Cordylocladia conferta....---.-.------.----- 267 Cord-twisting apparatus ....-..-.----..--- j 89 Goresonidwei ease caesses—sseee eee 57 Coregonus clupeiformis. ...-.+-....--------- 57 i labradoricus! <=. 232 -s-cecss === 57 Cormorant collars\-22--..ssseaesece ee eee 137 Cormorants). 24-3.) jas pacenhen ore tee oa 137 Worrall Sion sotto ain teeta ue ie Mateo ees aelas = See 131 Corrosiversuplimate.. 2-452 5--aceeeeeer cea 136, 178 Coryphena punctulata ....-.-....-.-.------ 3 cs SHOU seat coe 43 Corey peer d pai ele electorate eer eanelelerieere siete 43 Wouieee ss ee ee se eee ee eee alepsinaee or 34 Cottondines 2.525 so-so eee Beate 115 Cotton-oil and its manufacture (accessory).. 169 Cottus greenlandicus ............----------- 34 pore Mahe Dalits se bis tio me tome onto Seceriets 34 (Co SOCHOCECLNSPINOSUS\.\-.2 52 - - ences earl 3 Woncheststateseee at ees ot eee ssa coon 162 COVGES Nas seat ene Sacis seie fe kialas lc sceimenstaais 141 POTN O MUS hemi aes iian esa aera 141 LOTPHUNLORS eas actne cesar ace 141 Miowablossscacsce Jecanssawactecceee 141 SUAILLON EIN jet jars eee tas siete ete tet tae 141 Wowansheeera scan! sce See eee emesis 10, 11, 24 (Clonen@sleGill Sinypesperteseanc Sononeo tap sosness 65 Cowry, Specimens of (Cypraea moneta) - ---- 206 ove tomes tesa ser eae eee cicela Se eee teettars 189 310 INDEX OF Page. Grab -Cabere usc ese cs teeth ey eee eos eters 52 Gralb-Nebssseeaasseero assem pete ea eet 129 GrabsNGyese ot -otesOac ootae see ene oe meee 207, 231 Grab-Stones).2ess4eqsaosjeeerte ease bers 207 AS UTM) EL a ere tee he oot tes ae ela aoe 66 Crates, Moss (Stone's) -:-::--.---.2----.--- 247 CrevallésMouses as sees eee ee ees ieee 42 Vioellowss2ss24sgstoohesiaaicleee 41 Grp bles nae t= sates oem heise a eel 246 GRIND Gasser e aa aloe ait ees eee 92-93 Cristivomer namayeush --..--...2...------- 58 Grower St ae Soe eae es seers aun epee 45 Crocodile Mlonidanc-=22s2-5- pee oe ee ae ee 21 Crocodile: fe S25 ee eee eo. 52 oa 21 Grocodiideers ses sere scene ek eee. tele ee 21 Crocodilus-amenricanus: 222 225222-2 22... ---- 21 Cronania attenuata .......--::+--.----2=--5- 269 Gropp hs 42 -easss2 saasae ae ae tee ose eel 170 Gross-belts) 2s sasaos hse ska Sae oss eee eee 166 GTOSS=HOWSIRAL ce ee ee LSet Sade de come canes 88 OISS WO WHBEAPSsamas oon 62: scencs sense sans see 135 Cross fox (Vulpes alopex decussatus) - - ---- - 189 Crotalin of rattlesnake and copperhead. - - - - 230 Oxo wa uillss0t sect a eee eee 219 Greshing- traps = eeeise esas saeicteetoniat(ee 135 Orustacesr 222525 Message dasa sna oe eno 259 Chemical products of........----- 231 Gecapodais-.\.222s2--to=- Setee 260 decapoda injurious -.---...-.----.- 261 isopoda injurious...........2.---- 260 isopoda.misefal oss so. os oe ee 260 phyllopoda, useful ......----.--.-- 259 stomatopoda for food ..-.---..--.. 260 Gxyptacanthid2: -2 2.3.2 s25.--2--.e=e-s~ 5-26 31 Cryptacanthodes inornatus -.-.--.--..------ st et maculatus) =2-a2--<.ss-c-=- 31 Cryptonemia crenulata .......-.---.-.------ 268 Guckoldmseet Se deicat-ctiei se -aecetces eae 24 Sultuxe and protection .-.........---------- 233 Gultanerol fishes. 2442.2 44-9 25 1s 245-247 UNH ER Same ne tania wat enete oreo Hessel 36 Arapahoe tel 80 Cups, Case of (Wilmot’s).........----.-.---- 247 Curriers, Implements employed by--------- 171 Casey aa ia ola iota ett ee ete 172 of legtherscsis ss s5 SoA el 171 methods of the Eskimo and Indian = 171 Curved) sticls )- poe cease classiest ee = 87 @ntbers sbalbea-~ meee ele ae miele sata 138 Cutters, Wades... 22 se csnenairececeeeeees 92 Cutting and other processes. --....--...--.--- 173 Cutting in and stowing.....-..-..2---:.-... 174 Cathe skyon yer en atonal eee ee see 173 Cnimug-spadests.=s-7--a22- --2s=e soe ose eees 76, 77 Cutile-fish bone &: -22=22t.e22255 20-2 187, 231, 207 importsof ses eee 299 Cutiles‘and squids =-=22 2225 hss2- 6 eee 251 Copkisess A eee ae eens ee ee Se eee 30 Cyanide of potassiunis==+2ss--)-2s45s.0-0-—- 136 Cybinm‘caballasteeteeeeee ee eee oe eee 41 Ne THACUIATI MEE eee eee eee. o eee ote 41 ES DEPale sean eee menecseanan ss chee 41 Cycleptus elongatus. ....--.- Soe ee fon carer 61 Crycloranvideis 4s 25. eset ee wees ce eae 63 Cydlopteridea coves usesee seen sees eee e eee 33 OBJECTS. Page. Cyclopterus lumpus-.-2..2 225266 3--22 -Seces 33 Cymopolia barbata <.sc25ccsse<5s2-eee eae 271 Cynocephalus glaucus...-............-..-6- 68 Cynomys columbianus.-:-.- -.-..-.----2.--- 16: “t Tudovicianus’ s< 25.5525 56 ss44250- 16 @ynoscion carolinensis). 352525 .9-- eos 44 rh NOUNS FFs s)he ara saiatane ry al ese meee 44 SF TEP alisy.< 26) ee ee aa eee eee 44 Cypraea, Shellsiof ssa ==: saa2s-sseesedense 207 Cyprinidies so s22 Ste nssaot tesa see eee 61 Cyprinodon} Shorts... - 3 -s25- esses ee 56 ef Varlegabus’: ont eet te 56 Cyprinodontide...4- Elec hea sscemew beau esaek ae eae 171 NURESSIN Gyq sehrsr sotto ee ete eters is mie 171 Mressine! Weather: saos--s4e eae eee eases 172 Dressing fur yProcess\Ok, ites eee-ees------- 8 Le gut and sinew, Methods of. --.-.--. 171 leather eenicce eee eee wae oe 172 Dried abalones (Haliotis) .....-- .-..--.:--- 184 CO meee bc keen Ceasar tea a 183 TASS ROPPECES seen tae aa = Sine 184 holothurians -.--- grccccc tees cece 184 lizards; ce weaes SOeee aes Seen e eee 183 meat and blood, Guano from ..-....--. 232 MOV Sis 35 serosa] ssa eases eee 183 siphons (Schizothceerus) ..-.------.--- 184 Ble sy (uimaiKsdsC.) seo. = eee 184 SWiGRENS een aaah aie wise aen a9 ae Set 184 Dried and smoked beef ....--........;---=-- 182 flyin e-fish, {S25 --ssa5eeae 183 fOODA)sqccisqses se ERE 182-184 Partish 6° he.es.esae nee eee TOOS o25-e eee eee 183 IOTITG-NGLS) 5 «3.46 552<06c os saeaie apak eens 124-125 312 INDEX OF Page. Drowning-out apparatus. .-..--.-.------.--- 136 Drugs ..---------- ene ne ne ee eee eee enn ee 175 MOE ee eee aie ste ae eae ets wlatae erate settee 44 Wresh-waber vaceee~ ade. cs skiaeae se ela 45 Dryers, Beach...----.----------+--+++------ 168 Drying and steaming sand-bath....---.----- 172 Drying-flake.....--- MARE SAU e ee cia 168 Drying-houses, Aboriginal....-..----------- 169 Drying, Preservation by ..-.------ -------- 168-170 Dualino ... 22-2. 252.2222 - cece cece cece esence 91 Ducking-boats ....--.------ -------+--+++----- 148 Ducky Quills! Ofese se tees see oe acamae=- =e =e 219 Dudley hunters’ knives .-.... ...-...------- 72 WusOne-O segs see seca ee saeco =is)= == 223 Dilg-oub CANOES... 6 Sean epee ee enenenwennne 144 DUN Pees en cease esa nee see a= ialenla'e = See eeeir 229 Dung of animals used in calico-printing .-.. 228 Dimicid Ch bAtals seem ena nele me sete a alanine 18 ST) cas cy SY Kes ope atinere alee nieetein ee rerae ee ale 68 ISS HIMLEM Ne sees see ese ieese as ciemiee ees 59 Deseo DUO sem eran cear eres see rises ecac aes 229 Cochinealess ape seen eesee se wc tceren 228 GACH Pete ee aes Tone eee ceaseaseneees 229 Dae tare eee ot Net ae ek ee te 171-172 Dye-stufts, Sea-snails for..--.-.....--..----- 252 Dyes from gasteropods (Murex, Purpura, SN) cere Ee Weed in eh ENE EN el nee PRE Ree 229 Dyes from nudibranch mollusks...--.-...-. 229 from trombidinm’=-----..->-<--- ==. 229 San LO pee ere eee aie elses iatatare ate em 91 Infusorial earth’for ---..-.---.--- 208 E. POLO MC) EC SO Lap eteette sam ape pie insete or 219 SEU alee etal 65 Har-shells (Haliotids)).-..-- ceca: --ece ss 206 Marth: Tn fasorial . 26 asso see eee eee 49 “ Drummond-Hayi.--..---.----- 50 va gubtatus ..-...--.<2sse—-ene <= 50 a MOR Ons a= sete anette a 49 MISTI AS se se eee eee eee 50 4 SiMabUSteS5 eee see eeseeer = tae 50 AD{opbbysVenerabieh wevonbeeNees ee Se 142 Personalise sicet hse eee 164-167 Erethizon dorsatus (var. epixanthus) -.--..- 18 a dorsatus (var. dorsatus)...--..--- 18 Eretmochelys imbricata .........---..------ 22 “ squamata....--..........---- 22 Brignathus barbatus .2.- 3. -2----=---+---==- 6 HIM YZON GOO eee ae eee eerste eae 61 oy UL CODE re cteyroteeetetere nictehtete ere earns 61 Ermine or weasel (Putorius erminea) - ------ 190 Erythrotrichia ceramicola .......-.--------- 269 Eschrichtius Topustusves--=~-es~- oe ceca ee 12 Eskimo and Indian currying methods ...--- 171 BUK-NGUS son cowleos ata cam ariel ajecieeeee 129 i, INDEX OF Page. Hekimo Dog (Canis))-cs--295----1-¢e- 22 22 = 188 harpoons (stone, bone, iron) .-....--. 83-85 netting-needles -.----.....~-2...--- 131 whalebone springs .......-.--.----- 136 BUSOCI OH trian a Paes Be eee eee Deiat eacs 55 SOx AMELICANUS, eo ine5 coset ee Cuelajla ecu one 55 Feit LUCIUS Unc mse acct coe eke Salento dean eas 55 Ss NODINOL ais cta\ as eeag see ainiaieiamc ere oerelen 55 TeMenlatws ssc es aeeee Bane RASS 55 *“Essence of anchovies” ...--- .-02-¢-s--20- 186 RISsen ced Oriewbiseeaacasteles ceecseeece hac 228 SHIGPUTNOUS sLOreN wees ase ai = tele cece s sees 59 Mubalsene Cisarehies..---..-----+-. se ee ene 13 os Culkimachs.-- a... ashe steencceess 13 Buchalarodus Putnami:--..2.-2s52s52-.6%2- 26 Eucheuma (?) acanthocladum .......--..--.- 267 as JSOfOrMe:). sos e) se Se ee 267 Eucinostomus argenteus .......--...------- 46 ce WMefroyieantcss secretes eae 46 Eugomphodus littoralis ........-...--..--. 68 rami Milbertis, ose csssenecccm as ace see 68 ODSQULUSis a5 55s logs o seease toes 68 Euleptorhamphus longirostris.-.-...-.------- 55 Enumesogrammus subbifureatus ....-...----- 31 Bumetopias Stelleri ........-.-..--+--2-+---: 5 WUpPOMOUSiAUREUSPHO sae oes eee eee ~ 48 European Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) ..-.-- 231 MMEhoral cristae aeespes so. o. ocinee see mee eee 267 HVeNtO PM AGM so oS 1s choses ee 61 eb xocwmtus exilienges-. ji fes-o- 3. ence cs 54 a MOVEHOPACENSIS: S2aosoe tee toes ee 55 ss RONG eLAUSa t= soe cn Bert ek ee oo 55 HEXPlOSIVES!= <5 5.0055 0 PRISE At saat 18 aes 91 Exports, Aggregate net, for 1875-77 --...... 301 of anchovies, preserved, Foreign. 283 of living animals, Domestic... -- 274-275 | eb ial MEH 301 | Of bacon and AMS ees \.- 524555. 277 OL Meets treshive anxa-ce see es soe eee 277 SALEM Ase eo se ee ee 277 of. bone-black, &c¢..----.32.----.2- 299 oti bones i&enss. i asin ew deeeae ees 300 of boots and shoes. .-..-...----..-292-293 OL DULLED A oe cee note ste soa tase 217 ofstallow: candles 325.02 22 ereee 297 of carpets, woolen .-.-.-..--2.-:- 287-288 of horned cattle sas-ieascsseesee ee 274 Of CHEESE) se os os eee eee eee 277 Domestietssoucecssesssese ase eke 277 Of fish) =e Set eee te ee - 281-282 by countries. ..-. 282 of furs, by districts and countries .--.--.-..-.. 284 of eggs .--.--- a a eee 277 of fish, cured ..--..--. RA ne 281 dried or smoked ..-.....-- 281 by districts ©....-<- 5.2.5. 281 fPeshi is. ack eae ee 281 pickled) s--.j0t keihin ceses 281 INGhist ate ces sc oee ences 301 of food products, except fish. --.- 277-278 HMoreign of fishes. va..Ss5 32252 snes 283 of pickled herring ...--.-- 283 Guifisheilsh yeeesd ek 297 of sardines, preserved.... 283 OBJECTS. 313 Page. Exports, Foreign, of silk manufactures -...- 289 of far-skineh ye c2tlectieee seer 284-285 of guano and other fertilizers..... 300 of hides'and skins .ss::---oaeieaace once eee 27 HOUT-SpObteGieeme ssi sem ae aes 27 POl@ qe -useeacisssasmiecisigssate 27 MROUGH ee ea tecaae ee eetee 28 IRUSbY; sso sm-42 ace Sao eee eetee 26 Smooth bale sans te= eee eae 26 Southern: -. 35 5\esescace-weeeeee 27 Watery, a2.s-'ace com yt eels Selesteiats 27 Winters << isnot 2 eee eee 26 PO Oates eae are eiae ee te eee 97 Mivine-tish, "Bearded: 2-2-5 4.5- a4sh eens 55 Black-winged). 25... -tsas2 9s 55 Butterfly, 2 tot sese tae: eae 54 Dried and smoked..-......--.-.. 183 AbyaT o) Geum ares 2 No 5n15.5/<5 So amie 33 Fly-fishing, Simple reels for ---....-.------- 118 CRG RIO ata ast ye pine ster cel eee 95 NOOKS oo seeciaism tices = ee siaenseraeee ese 138 OO -NOMMIS yee eee alata o's cis aja cialsic/o seis eee = 160 oldinemetseceemas.tcce oases eee cenesens 129-130 OOd: Alcs sed: fOr. ssc. 5 00 \Gastanopss 229. asc nee ane eee ee ny Mid ipa NULL, ysiciat a mallet eaapa setae retire eT 17 Geormidiee seca nmeer ees ce ccies seen een: 46 Ghostefishis4. 522 tc eae see ae see eelnen 31 GoamtapoNmlens soc) oc cre ae no ste eee eee 91 Gigartina acicularis ........-....-..-----5-- 268 fe CANAICMIALA s feciece soa sans 268 ts MaMUOss eee eee ace eee s a = 268 % Microph ya esem sees ace a eeeee ee 268 “ Yadulay: Sess ssesee cee ee helena 268 Gillnet).6.37 eee eee eec Coser 122 Gill-nets used in Great Lakes. --....-.-.--- 122-128 Gimp sno0ods!-) 22 ens 5c. eee seemceee eee 116 Ginglymostoma cirratum.....--..----.--.-- 69 Ginglymostomatida = sess e. essence eee 69 [Calin flit-RAson Sane Rea He rsa 5 Abrasion ean 142 Glass-grilled boxes (Coste’s)..--...-....---- 246 Gilliresyi-22 sess eens gece et ene eee 14 Globes )'2hs2/2. sss 2 328 aa es ee ee 244 Gilobe-sightees = se-oa-sces-ione eee eee ieee 93 Globicephalinse 2 a-- 20sec eas eo 1 Globicephalus intermedius .-..--..--..--.-- 11 at Scammonize oe ee eee ee nee 11 Gloiosiphonia capillaris --...--2.--:.---.-2- 269 Gloves, Leather for manufacture of..-...-. 211-214 skin, kid, &c., Imports of-.-..-.... 292 GUC xs ise Scie seseosiek tekineaiterise eee: soles 220 Exports and imports of ........-.----- 296 Bi xbrachonione)--\ i see eee eee eee 175 HROZED: 5 ns eet eee ee fae Lhe eso 221 made fromiwastess..25- cesses een 217 Manufacture of escs- scene eee aes 203 Gunes eee ace oe oneteee an eee ee 177 Gilne-shicks =o 342) iciniacos oo seeeee eee 89 Glutton) :.<)-\- v0 hee Reise 27. FINS ACEC hata cele aeiera serene tae eles 185 AGO ras a sic SARS See EN Ss 185 SMOKE cee se ese eccceewe mn eels 183 SMOKe-hOUSES occ e osc eee ae 169 Halimedajopuntial <4 = %ct cece t swe em tae 270 | me iriderissek = fate Sees he Se 270 “ (GUNA eet races Be icc mee ae 270 Haliotis, Methods of drying .....--...--.---- 169 Shells*ofieresscenaose cee meee nee 206 Halopouphynusiwiolaseesse ses sececersisaee 30 Halosaccion bucicola ....-....----.--------- 268 a iy dro phoraseceeee ese aeee eee 268 oa raMmentaceumM -cn5---o4- sesee a 268 alymenmiarhloressia) -...cse cece mcwisecceeie se 268 re AT ra ba afi s Mee ceva Se eee 268 Hammer-head Shark...........--. ‘2 es 68 IM aMINOCKS teat ee RR ee a emeericins 162 Hams Konds=.2ac222¢ - 2.2 tee Ses eee Sees 182 (amd Or eG S082 less -mess seat ean ace eee eee 79 Mand-cear Shorts sce 5. seessoctose nce, eens 96 Mame im PleMienhses oo ce :cferee as a eee eee 71 Handlenets 72.252, .82 2.2 sea tos eee 128 Handles, trinkets, billiard-balls, &c., Manu- fACEUTG Obes waa tee ase tone weic t-te ch eae se 173 Handling apparatus forice .............-.-- 168 Hand-scoops ees mente on costes laemee Stee u Harids, \Cloqhiiovforteseseso oc sca. Seen cee 165 Hansmne-needlesyzt.osssen este ee ace cee. 131 Han S525 =e) Sage ee a oes 150, 151 Haplodontialeporinaees ses ee see eee 16 Haplodontida):. 54.2. ct. .tss feces bee eee eee 16 Haploidonotus grunniens................--- 45 Haplomt. c.f her st ee eseee peace eee eee 55 Harbor\Seal...-<---2-=i <2 tect eee oec eee ce 5 Hard materials::: =: -22 90.25 Jose eee eee 197-207 Hard tissues, Preparation of .............-- 173-174 Han: 32s ter eae asec seeet Ca OES. 194 Amdibon's:<- ==. 2222534. caseen eee 19 Bachman’s*.. 222222 se sees sep e eee 19 Baird’s)= cia. sce one cat ccc e ee eee anes 19 Califormia 22.2% e225 2. SRS 19 Par of. -2< teci<- cones Sota eer 196 Jackass 2.2 -.ese.e lo Te 19 Northem:;-::22+2+2<:t).- Sea 18 Polarte-ekesc ne osee ete eee seen 18 PIBITICE eecmees = set Sees see oe ere aeee 19 Red 4.2. tek ees sececn nant eee eeees 19 Trowbridge!s--est.ceeeaeer eee eee = 20 Wanginiare.a.+teecce cen ee eee ee eee 18 AWWihite xs imine I=1= 88 STC KS eee eee ease ee eee eer teat 87 WOLGHLS) Soo joss a ceuianieeh seit w= === 7 Hydrargyra majalis .......-....-.---------- 56 Hydrate chloral’....--..-..-2----.5+-------5 177 Hydroclathrus cancellatus. ....--..--.------ 270 Hydrolagus Colliei ......-....-.---..----=-- 65 Hyodon tergisus..........------------------ 59 Eby od ontidses- 2. see se 4 oo a sto since nim = 59 iy peroartia---- 2-2 2c << an o2 cs eseven-sa-e m= 70 Hyperprosopon argenteus ......-.---------- 38 DEA OLO GEO UI re ala cela ale alaialole!=faletmietel lela i=ie =) <=! 70 A PIN C OLIN are ae melee leletale ee ee aletete ce atti iar 267 os TEU SC LO LIS lteter este ae era 267 Hypsiptera argentea --........-....--.--.-- 30 (EOS UICES! © ARV ates memelalalayale a eee eet 37 Hyraceum of the daman (Hyrax capensis) -. 228 PRGA EMTS ies elas seal e moe metarererer aera ya st 18 1 Hee PORES Mere sean car meee reciente sei-eeras 168 MGe-CHISGIS eemeet a saad eeinies steerer = eterna 77 Ice-choppers ..---..--- Seer Eee e seer eee 77 Ice-cutting apparatus .......--.--.--------- 168 Jce-handling apparatus ..---. Bho m ners teteeaet 168 NGG OO See ee or aieiota) mse ate a ete el ereete ela 161 IGE SHOUSESLE eee emes tee tetce see ce eeamement 168 fee-trade (accessory) :-25 2-5. -.s-a2----ne= = 168 Tchthzelurus furcatus:..-----5.--s2--------- 62 hnitation Peak See sae eects =e eases 206 Tmitations of animals and birds.....-...---. 139, 140 iietisheseesesneenane sce eee ees 140, 141 Implements, Barbed.-..--..--.---------+---- 82 employed by curriers ..-.----. 171 HMGHUBeLSHOl peer = ne cceeateeee 210 Hands saneemeeatltanwae © eee 71 of manufacture.--.......-..-5-- 89 for. seizure of object. ..-------- 79 Shells used for .....---..--... 206, 207 Imports, aggregate, Net, for 1875-1877...-. 301 of albumen and lactarine .-.--.-.--. 298 INDEX OF OBJECTS. Page. importsiofamberevis:=-sssceee---sesee= se 298 OL AMMONIA). pease aaa eee 299 of anchovies, preserved .-...--.-.-- 279 Ofslivine, animals seen eases eso 273 Net, of living animals ............. 301 of baconiand hams... -2=5- 2.22 sccec6 276 Of blamikets\ 52 s-mecmemeels settee 286 Of DEGE Lac aten eset sete meeeees 276 OR PECS WAX Fe. cca. sace tomer es eee 299 of cuttle-fish bone ...........-- 2. 299 ORDONCS WOcO nee eee snoina ei eee er 299-300 of bristles, by countries ...---..--- 295 OP DUbhen esse. sss ose oe eee eee 276 of Bologna sausages ..-.-..--.-..-- 274 of Canadianifishyso-- esses aseeer 279 of cantharides --.--...-.. 2.25 299 Of carbon, animals. <5. tecte soa 299 ORGaNrpetsiessas ees elec seep eeree 286 of castoreum or castor. --.--------- 298: Me Gael Boge tea sats sogonades sscoder 276 of cloths and cassimeres..-.-..----. 286 Ol Clyets sess seer Leaning and mincing-------..-.--.--------- 174)|(eopard'Seall--3o--eeee-ace ree seme asses GEE eee ate eee eee lalate eee oltre 195) | Mbepidosteid2a 22 oe 22 yee oe ae SED GOT ee tate ele eal = = teal oleate ale 215-216 | Lepidosteus osseus .....-..-.---------.--=-- BONS elle 209 ue platystomusss--25+--=eee tee == AUK -....--.------ 222-2 -eeee nee eee 215 |’ Lepiopomus pallidus ........<-.--------.--- SES eV ate et at latte 214 | Ge POTIG28 62 52teo see ances Soe ee eee sels DS OLS eaters tele ee a 214 | Leptecheneis naucrateoides........--------- P1501 eee ete eee ate eer 209) |Leptocardians;. 2 --o2-ees-- eee eeaee ee oe IB titalOeeces ce jeaseaeeiee sass 209 | Lepus americanus (var. americanus) .-..-... Caribouiscicecssoce saamto-e sms 210 | ‘© americanus (var. Bairdii) ..-....----- Consumption Of meee sesasse nace ee 290 ‘* americanus (var. virginianus). --..--. CIEnyI he Olas neta eee saan a 171 ‘americanus (var. Washingtonii). ----- ED) Gye eee eee ele eet 209-210 it AQUALICUS: = 22 Ja Steenee sates Sse etot GRE SS 0 eee anes eee eet tatiaerel 172 #) sBachmanis" 25¢ Js 2dshGetuac soneeeeee dressing apparatus, recent and abo- Californicustmncast oases eee e eee PPO nee ee eee cte mel see eee 172 callotis,.2=-- Fes ee een cea eee Helene sae eee cence Sols ee ease 216 Ete) CAIUPOSLEISIHe cc aa tee eee ee HAGE MS Re ch aes sank batons 215 | palustrisy.. do. g22epee te anses- ca eee ae ae eee eee 210 | Soe eS UN eUT CES eeremee eee ee ee ar SEES OLUS Ole ere sate ciate 292-294, 301 sylvaticus (var. Audubonii).....-.-.-.. Goat cesceseee esses oie ees 209 sylvaticus (var. Nuttalli) -........-.. IELOTSG ye ose aa ae i ses aae aoe 4 209 | ‘* timidus (var. arcticus) ------ Janke’ i mMportsOfes se - ses sss sass 290, 301 iS LOND Otl =< eneieaa so aoe see ; eG Chet nae ee eee eels 43" | Jueaeiscus pplehellns -2->--22s4-6>----=--e=— and its manufactures, &c. (exports | Leucorhamphus borealis ...-....-..----.--- and imports) <--. --2/2-2--ssc=- 292-294 | Levels (attached to gums) ...---.--.-.------ Mountain-sheep -.--.....-.-...---- 210) |Paoiag ora PIN Abe soca a~ nem ans tae ee = me MGW acsebaecesgSscan=ons 210 | CR DULVLULeM La memes cece ae eee Ota es ORS ce Maal eee ora 209 | “ VU pee ranya= cs sath eis rt ae from pharynx of sealiandswalrns:s= 215. |Miice, Wish) ==. sop oe 2. sos cine oe se lie = Porpoise: <2 =~ 5<26+ <= gs ase es iA aac hen Syeene set eas ao ae lee aia prepared from bird-skins --......--. S15 al lui ttersbarrelees a. 0. sa\o c= ieee Sanat prepared from fish-skins- --..-.--- PAGO lta meen ORGS Ait Glee ees See eel prepared from human skin. --.-..--- 20S ebal v-iTONS esse 25> 52 =< =) 44-5 a eer eee prepared from intestines of mam- IGG) 55 6o ae CRB E SEE aNE er nS on eras area TEL Ee See ee etre 214, 215 Bind seats ose seatta isa oases prepared from mammal skins. - . .208-214 (Barn OLs 28 sal Lesa ise ee See prepared from reptile skins. ....-- Zl ao li MUMS eee eats Se at aia< esate els 176, 2 prepared from scale-fish ....-....-. AGH Malan see ashe sis sas ee ee opae ea n= eert oes Baty tae Iho. > seein wa aisle Sev aece Bee ep he VaACCINOcsecte a= one on eect eeols 20 19 19 20 18 20 62 10 93 268 268 176 31, 232 172 230 324 INDEX OF Page. Line-floats of wood, cork, and quill.......--- 117 | Ene-NolderS seme et aeecsian ec cee eee eee 119 | uine, yak, Stretchers for -<- -.2--. 2:-2...- 162 IbinemMineseeeccee cts cose tees ees SEE a 115 Wines, Barks. t< desk ess cee see Ree eee 56 Means of pursuit and capture ............-. 71 IMipAsIYES tess etiee ate soca wee es core 92 PATH IMUNILION eee ss ache eee eee 92 ROW OSry aos a: Sse 4s eee 92 SHOtey Sasa csc wood Sea ee ee 92 Meat DISCIIGe esate sect cce cst e mete 182 Meat, buffalo, Jerked and smoked ........-. 182 ID ESIC CALED pa aae seis seeds eae eee 182 Extract (extractum carnis) .......-.. 182 Jerked seal and walrus .............- 182 WOLPOISG TSEC en sae nee aes 182 IME aTHOOKS? sass eee ea ae eee see 168 MeatsGanneda-ssasasec cc se cece ees 163-164, 185 Camn in were ama ees ee eee 169-170: prepared, game, &c., Importsof. ... 276 IPTESOLy AO) OL aoc see eer eee see oes 168-170 : IR TESTU fOEC yale Ase as hate ey ee 163, 277 Mechanical delineators.........1.).::.-.... 178 Medicalrouthiti = --ae- 52 5sce aoe ee eee 167 Medicine-chestsis-c8 sscece cetece eae eee 167 &c., Consumption of........----.. 299 Mednegalassssa.cseceee ea, es Sse, aes 42 IMC AUS a asa tema mes onse ses sooo aemene eee 262 IMegalops thrissoides --.-=-2--25-----+-2=- 52 59 Megapteraosphyiaies ses -.525-sasen-eeceee es 12 a Versabiligiews cde ae ee cae 12 Megapteringdd).222 2 stasaonsss scene edeee 12 Melanogrammus eglefinus ..-....-..-.-.--- 29 Melobesiafarinosay.os.-cassecascece sce oe eee 267 | pustulataysAstsas ssc ese ates 267 Men Raden ses saa sc actin tee oe eee ee 59-137 Canned ashi ea sarees seen ee 186 SUANO wes as aicaa ee es mere ree 232 Grulla oe See een coe 60 aleeieces sonal A Bip Nes ah 227 DUTSE-SCINCS as a eee ee ee 129-130 NGINES! Joes. oe eee bicaeeeatesiele 126 SPICE aa ant Nee oe eee Te Rete 186 Menticumasalburnusseces meres hoe aaceene se 45 age mebulosusyvs= se aee ae tecce ee eee 45 Mephitis mephitica..........-...---.5-:+--- t eS IMGXICATIDG ceel-2 ee esate toe eae oe 4 Mencenariae SHElsiOfsss. 2505 sess tease See 206 bi violacea, Shells of.........2-.-- 206 IMGHINGTIOS See ate ce nec cet ice chee kee ee 30 Merlucins) bilinearis)s.22-s4 2+ os seeeee ae oe 3 Meshing NGISH oso beawct -n2- sacbeeee cect ee 122-126 IMesh-needleso: spies lcaccsth Seve seme 131 Mesoplodon Sowerbiensis -......-.-.------- 12 Nestalligiahels,. a:b cases teces eee tees 177 Metal points, Clubs armed with .-.-.......- 71 326 Page. Methods of culture of domesticated ani- MISCO anes rece aoe 244 of dressing gut and sinew. --...-- 171 of United States Fish Commission 2383 OfetTOo ACH LUTC nae eeneeeeae ees 245 of drying haliotis...--:.--..----: 169 of heliotyping and engraving .... 178 of manufacturing artificialice ... 168 of minkicultures=: aoa eee eee 244 of oyster culture. --..--..-.-.:--- 248 OL ostrich (culture-------+ ==. 244 of preparing baits (accessories) -. 138 of preparing cartridges ---..--.-- 92-93 of preparing ornamentalfeathers 172 of pursuit and appliances. .--.-- 142-167 of terrapin culture. ....-...-...-. 245 of transportation ..-.---..--.--- 142-162 ORS WiOT Kone ee 233 Metrogaster agegregatus --.-:-.-.-.------.-- 37 Mexican Ground Squirrel .--....--.-------- 15 S ea ke ete se ater eat teste toe = 4 Machi oan Grayling se see seine eee ae 58 Microcladia borealis-.-..--3.-2...--..-.--- 268 es @alifornica tess saeco eee 268 ee Coulter --sseeeeeeee sass see 268 Microgadus proximus .....--.-------------- 29 a tomcedusias. -o-s.-sshae sess 29 Micropogon undulatus ....--..-----.------- 45 Micropterus pallidus ..........---..-------- 49 ne SalmOidGs) 25 -- eee eee sea 49 Microstomidss 2 <5: <-pac-scnsasisooe eee sess = 56 Mind me Miackerellinset emcee eects eet eee aaa 3 Malik Gann edcsso2 Fe 8c crete sma: ene eee eer 184 DESICCRLCO hae s Eee sera pases see eee 182 Exports and imports of.............- 276, 277 Mills, Bait, knives, choppers, &¢ ...--....--- 138, 170 Mincingyandleanineea--.cseeseceseee seen ee 174 Mincin horses. <3: icine nsec coneeeeeeere ese 174 IManicine=KnIVes\] =o seca see eceteiaseee= eee 174 Mintcinc-maching re ees. mene oe mere aeeecaae 174 MNGi O-GUD fe sa. ene see ie ese Meanie et eeeere 174 Mink. (Patorius vison))2- 22220 6. see aoe eee 190 culture, Methodsi0lasa-2seeseeeen ees 244 Missiles propelled by ‘‘throwing-sticks” . -- 88 IMBISRILES Ss os Bee sone See a oaaat a oea eee 87, 92 IMyssile-trapsls 6: ae-ceecs sees = ease ere 135 Missouri Striped Squirrel .-....-...-..----- 15 IMEKERS Bee aaetad aeiat eS toe e aie ae eae 176 Mixtures /Preservabiv.e .---- 422s. 2-- et Mountain Cat (Bassaris astuta)-.-.---.--.-- 194 Goat. .22-< <-- othe ieee 7 SORt HOT Otsee eae ae eee 201 meali-css2 4 o sade See 184 Sheep (Ovis montana).-........--- 7, 192 sheep eEOmOfet=sese ee seems 201 Sheep leather =<2- 5-0. ee ese 210 Mounting of the bones........-----.....-.. 177 Mouse; Commons 2528-0 42 --<: ose ee nee 17 Wihite-footed 2<:).-25t.o22.2 ace eee aoe 17 Monse-fish, =< -sscaec the = ss eeaebames saat 23 Movablecopses 2< 17 Mist 6COMANUS saee meee ae ins serie laetaialar 1 Museum storage-tank, Agassiz model...-..- 176 SMiprske oti al ito artior jets iat sara ataisiaiein idl oinlavelatatole 228 Of S OAS Oe eee ae elena mta = etaitala 227 OMT S Ke OX eee ees ieatais tee sete 227 Raia eee ee ee eee patie ote te lle 18 Musk-ox (Ovibos moschatus) ..-.------.---- 192 TOOTS Olssetea ccs seen eseee = 202 Horn of (Ovibos moschatus).-.--.. 201 Mrs kato fsesescosere seen eanenmace 227 Muskellunge ..-.-.- oigaisisisisiaae euisiclseaesneeale 55 MGS MUSCUIUS tessees ate ee en eee cscs 17 pees GUL Cees apelin ol tte ee teeta 17 Musquash (Fiber zibethicus) ...----......-. 194 furs: 222 fees so seems cieeeeas 196 Musi Of shader incagseeceeeectciat 227 Mirrsselsi) OV Sters 6c Geers = =o cis ao =) mierara el 206 River (Umienides) i= aee~se= <= - cys 206, 257 MarsStelus Canis; acts- cle Secs nise ees sete eto 69 Mutton, Exports and imports of...-....---276-277 iMuzzle-loadinearms.---.- 2-0. ---- 4 cokseeseeeseeebmeercne 203 Neked! Stargazer’ <2<<252.5 3 smccemecisiacnaaceiaie 32 NSMayCUBnULTOUb. 2 ssc ccccee eee as eecteeeias 58 EN ow alae ise ojaiaosb ots neathieie aiereleseel= sige 10 Ivory of (Monodon monoceras) ... 198 INSTA WAUS CAS anes ee cena wceaiae- Sees sees 5 Niatmralibaltissasse’. 26 ce tie oe Shoes eae 137-138 OURO S tert fees fe ete tater ste teeel teria 231 Nautilus and argonaut shells.......--.---.- 206 Neat’s-foot oil, &c., Exports and imports of. 296-297 Needle percussion. =-25-.-<-22<0necs ane 91 BIG GOU OS sab Bil Uber. a broee ime eerie spies Kame eines 138 OBJECTS. ; out Page. Needles, Hanging .....- tele tae ele etal 131 IMG SHWE ea sietcie einietieimteiersisrele ioe eee 131 SING GLE Oe telelminte eters nea easier 131 Nemalion multifidtum: i\.- ok ecac=mplesovsice => 267 Nematoonathit tc: ~s-1 ue acwiesae-iseion eee’ 62 BNemit Ch thiyid cate ceca ane astents aeiaeee eet 63 Nemichthys scalopaceus.....-...----------- 63 INeoboma cinereat mins ene se aleniciawicesiecmien see 18 Hileuh Pah sactecapeTeaceicccaccces 18 Nereocystis Lutkeana......--....-...-.---- 269 Nest of Cayenne ant (Formica bispinosa).-. 222 INGSUS! Sonels s.cecarelis ol Seespe me slewsicineciets mereieae 246 of esculent swallows. .--...---..----- 187 ENG HGS oS eeaosiecies oat Oeet eae sasce 122 Pull SalmonehOO Kies == sss eeeeeeee ie aets 124 LioK0} O, IEEMUCElBeing eng Ca oa poe abCocaEAceon 12 Net makers kmives - = os\soc aacaaesaeee eek aoe 91 IPErCussiONs. <2 -.% -..ccesisdesccinceene 91 AV LGUH TUM irensaalanaassae a sea 165 WW O00 3; cocuscecaks ke scckgekenosues 91 IBOWOGL-NOIMS cco cocign tin cas ee massieccce ssa 94 IRDWOGL-MCASULES|s< o<- see tesa <-mescesioate 92 POW GOTSsINSeCh a6< foo ccc. cane ceinsccises ete 178 IRGUSRING eases coatncceee essa 207 IBERITIO MOG etches a Aci ohn cc's chwiae aes goes 16 | | | | | | | | | | | PraiPiesHaTre secs 2 se es eee t cae Oe tee Maenes 19 Squinrelijsac.2 sane ater ese 15 IWiOlfs 2 oc22Ss 545 sono aereeeeninest ect 189 Predatory animals not elsewhere exhibited. 244 Preparation of albumen .-.-...-..:-.--------- 175 Of baits: 2.222235 See ee 170 of body-oil: . 22... 2222. 2--e-e- 174 Of the} bones! s=-2-..css-5-asse-- 177 Of Et brillantinewascseceeeneeeee 170 of cochineal colors. .-.-.--.-.--- 175 Of coral jes eee occ teooc ee ae ew se 74. of feathers: 222k 35652 acct shes 170 of fibers for manufacture of plush\carpets- 2-2-2 oe 171 of fish-scale work.--.......----- 174 Ob £000.22 acai ose aeieeeeeeeeee 126-127 SHOES (2 2 cxt incl sGc ain dsld ln eee eee 131 tackles Jeo ac ee caceee wee eee 95 WVAINEELE Scehsce tonicictae seweeeeseneraes 60 mH AC=WaLbeL ly hes Se Soci cine steteea cae someeieocloe 57 alt= Cal SES erecta = eensee ene eee ee ee 89 Shati-pOWShersiacse set ane eee eee ee eee 89 Shanty, Brook (Furman’s) .... .....:-:.--. 246 Shapin oan sy oes ean eam Nace euccs See Meee 170-172 Shark. -AGWOOM Sacco -ecietcsiniccercins cbelsebet 67 IBlWe sai: Sap eS cnsk feeeteetcwe Vane sae 68 Blue-headed sn. sm-ta Sos) eee eneee 68 IDS Paceboapooncoseoncesocseucroate 68 PO alerts emia meteors 97 Hammer-hea dco. scccecectose cee seats 68 leathers sec oh ccs cece ee concmseos ce 217 IMackerells. 325. sasstc recta seseeteee 67 NUIPSO esse es sae carte re eineeaemecerece 69 Rorbeacle yess teense seen eee ae 67 SANG sis sed woe oeinanw Se ser eee nie oe 68 Shovelhead site?) se cece enbeaeeee 68 SICEPER veaibce eb ncees cariee omnes eens 69 Sleeper, Jaws of (Somniosa_ brevi- PINA)) ois se So eaereebocer est 199 SSD ETL eect ce tate snc see eet ee mete 70 Spotbed= fin’ -3.) Joc o-oo Stee eee 68 Meebhiofes ys tess leasecee ses see wg IGS aejs sos See cie cians Soe eee es 69 SHark-liven Olea ca. see see A een eee 227 Shark? Ss Vento pre vo 4a oc ee tase eeu Bere 200 | Sharp-headed Finner Whale. ...-..........- 13 Sharples ess. cece ee ene eee ce eee 146 Sharp-nosed Skate. .22e iam. -5 ee ecc asad 67 NUR eo eae ree mamaeieeaeae 64 Sharpeners, Arrow-head......-.--.--..ss-=- 89 Shavings used in case-hardening gun-bar- TEMS: G56 $b sak tesa A ieee cee tows ee see 200 Shawls. Taiports Oh -teeco-ccee sae neee eee 286 Sheaf-traps):2. ..sen.ceoeesacenvcoumeck woeeke 134 INDEX OF OBJECTS. : Page. SHearinG =) ese esos ela ee cee see eee 170 Sheep, Foreign imports of ...............-.-- 274 HEOINS (OF cache ccdacescasisce eae ee 201 HWS POLrts Of. 2-4 e yeccwe ne eceeeee 274 leather ea2 sce ete eee ee 209 Mountain sd Sos eccecene (ocean ii Mountain (Ovis montana)...---...--- 192 SING Ws Obs 5 estat Mach acee eee mes eee 215 WIS COraOL tess 520- saace eee eee eee 215 NHGOD SUWOO) A yensecets tie stemee ee de ateee eee 195 wool|(on/skin) =~ 3-c-es esse casero 218 Sheepshead: tos oscsuteioasccs ssc aes eee 46. Shell sa soees As Saatocc meet eee oe en ao ee eee 206 Cameo nc 2.322 o Jas. Sees neee en eee 206 Conch (Strombus gigas) ..........-..-. 206 Consumption ofss-2c | ASO WELD YS WilalOeece meno ceme sees see eee 12 Smoke-houses, Halibut.-...-............-.. 169 | Spades, Blubber-mincing.................-. q7 SOUL COT te atelactata elaiete loreal 169 Cothin ge eee scece eee eee eee 76-77 Smooth-back Flounder ........-..--....---. 26 ORs ek sa Se ee se ee ee 7 Smooth Wog-fishaas ssc secs soe sese= eens 69 ale round tense reps eee eee eee 77 SHIN GA RAY cece eso vioe cin os 66 ELDVOAG tec ecisone aaeeceeee cere 77 Smudees) cis. 3e-c eas o= orien wae meee seas 165 Wahl ewer no | tetas) eee eee oe 76 Snail Gea pecs cc esmose neces saat eames eee 33 Wihaleman's\ boats... 2-22 ssoceee ee 78 Snails. Sea cc coc seas sess seis cieninensenwesece 251 Widetessdossee catecn on note eases 17 DMO NSN Sacon kisece been ret oe Cars aaiaeenee 564 PS pallishlady-nsiten so ecse oneness 36 Snake-bon egies... icareete cece 197 OLOPS ses s< a -n0-cesecee- eee ss 197 OftOXOS aso cocccte sacs eee eees 197 OIMPECCATIOS | A - sa-miciseeacic= oes 197 of peccary (Dicotyles sp.) .-.---...-- 198 pominel Mp Ses =o. a sac eeae ee ees val Ol Shar eee smc sor nei eee see mee aes 199 of sperm-whale (Physeter macroceph- ALS) Bose eis Side Se jelece ads Seaaceecs 198 OPM WOlVeSseceeticerss-acsseesce -eoeeor 197 mmeLCOCE DBI so : 17 Wextile fabrics: .\gs' is sos-gacse ole ees 195 fabrics, Feathers for ......--------- 220 Manntacturelofsee. .4-42-- 170-171 Bhalarctos mani tims). == esse 5 Thalassochelys caouana .....-----.-.---+--- 22 The chase and the fisheries. --..---..------- al The Fish Commissioner, Reports of ....- -. 233-237 ARHISfVWiaAter) 22 csc cetacins eee inne 161 Mhomomys Chasius: cere aeseeee sa eeee eee 17 s talpoides secre sesse = eaceee eet 17 PPNTGAG fish Ss sewsce secs esate os ieee ea 42 PH erEIn Gee eerie een ne es ieee car 60 Phe Sheree ease eles sia eee semester 68 Har O ata P= ka VCS ee aol eselatal elo amie elit aletetele 74 AEHTOAtwOL SCAN ON sa\eem==laslsaieliaceteleleteeeets 215 Aho ait Sad OB tem etatetalelalela lalla lmieletalete/ai alate later 77 GOH OWeStlC KS pe aerators alata esl ayaelapeelalnetate tote - 87 Thrustins prodse=---2---- poaeeinslscisciesmbass 78 ReGen ocacGocbossossoasHoncesD Ss: 78 Thumb, American Miller’s......-..-...----- 34 Thymallus tricolor): .---. 2.2.2. cccccenn---- 58 Tide-drailing tackle peje ape sae eee 96 Were cre En ea Mees ore eee aoa aol ieee toe 69 INGOT B2ictne a cepractisie cron seen oe elca=maei= 230 EMIngV.ESSEISUs peer eer eeeaaciseasie aero i 246 TO a Dole erase a sele at ateierareretaeielereieye fae 131 Moad-fishee- 2-25 2- es eae a eee 32 Tobacco-pipermishhesrcee=- ese eee ceases 54 Tobacco, snuff, used as preservatives ..----. 178 ERO oles pT eee rem eiee teeters settee are 161 Tolling-baltsiee tc car co anciaeeieeaeei nase 137 MOMIC OM. > ae sees ems eleiascceesocase sess 29 MOMS WoC bce cremate seiee ten iseiascetncis ates 85 Goraliaeee a atacenecnem ae sine aeons Sees 86 OYStOR wos ls,2 co sansiceis spciecenaeesse as 85 Sma KG ie < eres eee Ree ron oie roe meta pecte tore 86 SDOM EC petectee erste «see sala 86 (iyo uhandles) fs. be /--)5s == 5 \- == === 66 OCCIDONUALIS oes eee ee 66 Torpedoes :......-.--------+------0-------2- 136 Tortoise-shell (Eretmochelys squamata) -.-. 205 Cabideceacecaee stead oneater 188 Preparation of ......---..-.- 174 Tortoise, SMAPPING). sco. s fend Vee woe ance n 22 Tower-shells (Trochide) ...-..-...--....<.- 206 Rowan oe Netsee seer eee ceee teeter eee = 129 Townsend's Ground Squirrel -....-----..--- 16 OWA P ES UL pee tocttelateter ticle ateiete aise = ain atest +97: IMEC Baddars acod Adnbooouscudbdasconessperian 116 Trachurops crumenophthalmus ...-..------ 41 Trachynotus carolinus....2-.--. 2-22. ------ 2 i OVALUS cee ee ee eee eee 42 Trade; Ice (aeccessory))=s----- =-------~----- 168 EP raglin Oo netsererasee fase eaacter cere sae 129 Pram MeL NES we aaeaee eel eee 126 Transportation, Methods of........---.----142-162 Transporting apparatus ........----.----.-- 247 eggs, Apparatus for.........-- 247 fish, Apparatus for ........... 247 Eira DING pA TONC hh soca. Masieca-staeatarstee eee 135 Bors sO UN OOS feele ae alee eile se ae eee 123 EET TONNE eee eee aelniseiaiweteie eee ee eres 132 -ELAD DINOS eee reace a enceeaes eee eeeeeeet 166 IETOTSG eae es eiate]- imitate ee eerie = 142 EP PAPS seiscivess caicisceuen'sceeeealemaecee sees aati 131 Barre Wee emcees crn tole ee 431 BASS ieee tae lees telele ieee eee eee 133 DBO Wie wee oci-iciswiaieinie eee acie ce sie eteenetels 134 BO xe cena scien cieiiecinere eee ee eee ets 133 @lutching 5.26 sec a4 Sie esrse eee 134 | Gob-heuse. binds 2) =. <.. eben oe 134 | Cross-DOWi =. ee eet eee eae 135 @rashin oer Sven sea aaee ale ieee eee 135 DOORe seer eeeeee esse eee eee ener eiae 133-134 Double! Dox. 2). 5-1... 22 see ee seekers 133 Hela se pie atte aces sem sete oe seme 131 aR eee ctetemeeoeeeto eae eee 135 PLOUTE LOT ce seeee eee eee ae eee a 135 with hanging doors .............:--.. 133 PL AEP OOM Ei! -5- cine teleiniwntctoinate el einye ie Sere 135 SMW OM asa =< aisles s'stbaiers Setar lesiseies Saree 134, 135 Ay TUNE sec eae onan soe ete 131-133 IMNSBi Green 4 j2.ce- ee ee 24 DPridacua; Shells: of. oa) sel actasee ets eee _ 206 MUTE OS TCL eo a aya atettatatete ete a feletetaette eae ate ete ee 33 Drimmings; heather si: . 122-522: -sceoo sep 214 ARO Ty @ Hidge eee ee ete ae eee pee aoe 22 rene win ports Of7. 5.4 -2'2 sapien ae 276 Triple-tailwWlashers-ces.k2c eat me es = lee 51 Tripods and stand, Camera with model ..--. 178 Bip Osc Cae tees ta ae ee 207 Drisotropis undulosus - -.----2--<---.---.--. 50 Triton Shellsiof-s2s-- =. = +2 teeiee ee a 206 do gilbbresty ni Gasca cose sassccosIee Babess 26 138 rollin p= tae kl eras ewes ee ee ae ieee eee 96 Mromibidimmd yer see a a eee 229 EDrOu ens ese eee eee ee ae eae 245 Brackett's 0 .25.\)7-252ee 222 eae 245 Clark'sioh.2i once eet cecee eee 245 Gravel-bottomed .......-..-.-.--.- 245 Paint .ass Sue SS ae ee 245 with sieve-bottom trays .......-.-- 245 or tables (for picking eggs). --.---- 246 Williamson's\"5 57226222202 8-s-4—50 545 Trout, Artificial flies for. --......2-----.... 102-114 IBPOOKIEt neta estes tese eee ee ere 58 Dake sc 202 sac cits s So eee aoe eee 58 INama@y Cush’ q22= see sees eee ser 58 Ocean <2 [262 terdee as Se eee 186 Ogquassa ti: 22.25.22 2 seek e ee ee eee ee 5B LVL ea taceteces AEE. cr eee 58 7 Rock «aves cassesw at edis sacesesseceet 35 GACKIO se 2 sea cise ase or eee aie eer 95 Mrowbridge's) Hare -s=f-ssessee- ane eee 20° ETO WES ee nee ieee eect eae) mmtmtate 708 Mrompet-tiSh) => 2 recs - = = eho =e a le vel aoe 54 rib cits) Marner e oles tac mee nconascsoGas- 24 Trygon centrura ...-...---..-- Sesairue.s HEA 0 66 ‘« hastata..-..-. See eee a meeceacee sae 66 EO Sa DLS eee a/ emia eee eee airs 66 BD iy POMC Poy eae eee eet 66 BT eA at atte oe 174 DPE OLS Senn seal tee ee ee aan eee ee 175 Tabesasip HO =e see se sesame er ee 247 Tub) line, Whaleman’s-.--2-<.....-...--7.- c/s ZPD SF OoC\eee aise ence = aes Oe oni St tg tee 169 nbs wR alts Vatse coe asec 2 ctalainciels eines tee 170 Min vein ein feeeee es see aeieaeene saeeee 114 INDEX OF OBJECTS. INDEX OF OBJECTS. 343 Page Page. Tub for traw-line (see Trawl) .-.--- -------- ATO Veer tbe bree; al KS see sisteraie stele sia iaie= ele == 200 Tuft-eared Squirrel. .-...-.---.--.---------- 14 |! Vertical wire-cloth trays ........--..-.----. 246 Tulé grass, Raft of ..-.-..--------- -------- 144 | Vesicatory preparations from beetles, &c.-. 231 Mnnviyee eens yee eae ee )= lel ano ~ = 40 | Vessels, fishing, Schooner-rigged .-.-.------- 149 Wittler sarees a= as = == == = 40 Sy Ieee os aie oa eect eect 246 Turbinaria vulgaris ..-.-.------------------ ZOO" |VIEStSlaeceeetee ae sees te sbeeen eerste meats 95 MPurboteeeses= seen ee eee ee aes a= = Q8u Vezina Pes seule wemee ener cae amie cere 184 Greenland ...---.------------------- Sh PA VeaIS eee aactelnleeemee clomee soiree alee eee cette 176 Spotted s- ieee mecc es seamen eei 2 =-=- Oa eVicupnaN hair ee -- tase ee seee ke a eee rae = 195 Turkey, Canned .......--------------------- 185 | Virginia Deer (Cariacus virginianus).------ 8-9, 193 Quills. ofa2ea-p ese te eeei eee: 219 Hare £220.k ee 18 RAPS Me cisete te oe arate a eet =l= t-te 131 | Viscera of bears, Parchment from. .-.------ 215 BREE fee ee cera alate tate =ete ote eal fanial ie 173 Oth Og tee emcee none iee mee cee 215 ibnrritellas Shellsiotasse=ss- =e een ee 207 OOK eee es eo eno eae eeeeee ate 215 Tursiops erebennus .-.--------------------- 10 of seals, Parchment from -...------ 214 oe SUD Soa Sots paacaborpacdaceane 10 Gi? GID Nacoseeapaasancanaboaaronrcc 215 Turtle, Alligator........-------------------- 22 | Vomer setipinnis.....-........------------- 41 Opinii! -26scosssssssecncossses Bes: 185 Gmecnbetere eeert sas =e a= eae 22 Hawkabill as 628300 ee eee ee 22 W Leatherback .....-------------+----- 22 | Wad-cutters (accessory) ....-.-22-++-----+++ 92 Loggerhead........----.-.----------- CaN RAGE eee ee oc na. See ciolcte ieee sees 92 Ola pene ine eee eae eea to =r 226 eee oan cea iee 92 Pacific, Green..--------------------- 22 | Waders, Decoy (carved in wood) ...---..--- 139 Pacific, Hawksbill ....---.---------- 22 Decoy (stamped in tin).--..--..--. 139 Salted .......-..----------+-+---+--- HBO AWindswerepared easeee seas aa ameter ieee 92 SOLL-SHEI eee ee eee eae 22a Wagoner cee eee her cect os == nae oea= kaon 142 SOUP ---------.----------7 ++. -------- ‘185 | Wallets for lines and other tackle ...-...--- 167 Tusks of mammoth elephant (Elephas primi- ROVE ee ee oes ogee i ee eee 6 genius) -.-...--------------++------ 197 leatheree ron pear es sees 208 of walrus..-........------------------ 197 SinGWATOLE ere nea ue seen ee eer ee 215 Tassah, Silk of (Bombyx pernyi).----------- 196 TOTES OL ee eee ete sa eee 197 Twine, Netting. .--..-----.----------------- 130 | Waste, Bone and ivory.-..---------------- 200-201 PR WAS t@QULNGS see eete eee eee see sneer 14S TIGAl ina toriRabbiteccasscte cn ier eneeee ee ce ee 20 iwisting-TOdSieeee sass = oe eae Soul wiatersoune see see- 6. -2c-ens s-sdame eae seme 90 Water-telescopes .........--..---------- pace REO Uv. SVWiaiber bMiehinee ss aaa ese na tincicicteccee === Hee melon Udotea conglutinata PAR Pa hy AE eee HE 270 Water-proof suits ...---..-----.------------ 164 WAP MALAE. Weel teens aoe 270 NVA Lobatse Sonnac ese seetosons ace 27 TUG RESO LAE Ament YO ce Ree REE 271 Wax (Coccus pehlah) .---..---------------- 230 CS a ASSLT ees ak ete eae aso aneertars 271 Exports of..-.-..---------+----------- ag Umbrella-makers’ bone, Manufacture of.-.. 173 OTIS OL ooo 22 oe ea snagcese Pa ee ae Manotne turesnOl- = s-nscie ee lateetstaeiar=ters 299 (Un KS ie eee eae ee aes oe alae 144 : NTR TDA CLR coco oe ne 71 Ways, Fish.....--.--.-------------- eee 241-243 MiranideawiSCOSaes- J. oe sneer e ana eae 34 ae aE A emo gan e sees aree aaa: aa UME ORI el nee ae ee a 39 Weapon-holders..-.-..---.---------+-- ---- 95 IR IAES oe a ou ee) Basak 7 Weasels. ...----.22---cce---ceeeee--------0e 136 g 3 Wrophy Cis Teplus!=. jee ess teete nee = 30 EAU OP ieee ee acsons coreg ae phy es ‘ BSc Lette sts ont Satta wee iace st 4 Weaving .--- sposeeeesan reo aastancn=” 2a 170-171 TSUS AINeTCANUS |e seeaeae aeeee ie ele 5 ELaae Used A 2 eens pe 28 Be At are Oe Gee Lope Retinal. 4 worsted cloths...... Sows wedtasnees 170 Web, Spiders’ .......-.-......----------.--- 222 Vv. Weequashing or fire-fishing, Lanterns for.. 141 Weighing-scales...---.--------------------- 92 Vaccine limph..........-.--.-....-....----. 230 | Weights (dropped).....-..----------------- 87 Vat, Spawning (Bond)..-...-.---- Smee eee nates 245 rnled essere eee ae enee eet 87 NSE SS enero ao mee tod ee le ete tt oe 245 Slung)........----------.------"<. 71 IRON eee eee eee re ene en eee eee Fly aol meV OTS Sp SSD oe ate eelgm a ale ae inlet t= la)eietate mice 134 Molton’ Sacks sas gee cee serene ee ss 245 Eel, with leaders.--......-----<---—= 132 MEAG OT atin Pema eee aaeeaeeesamers 177 OF POUNO Stare sae saa e |-eeee ee 132 Rothisiermcce ac eee ae eee eee 245 River, with pockets ...-..-.-------- 131 WVaucheria piloboloides ...-.--..----.--..--- 271 Salmon (Upper Columbia River)..-. 131 WiGNIClES te seen io ae == = mln aoe cece emer 142 Spring (St. Lawrence) ..---.-.------- 130 Venison, Dried and smoked...-..-..--. ----- 182 | West coast oysters...-..-.---.----.-------- 254 TMportstolrenseccee Wee eee see 276 | Western Argentine .......----------------- 56 44 INDEX OF Page. Whale-boat (whale-fisheries) .....--.-.----- 146 Whalebone brushes, Manufacture of-.-.---- 173 Consumption of ......---------- 290 RDO see ee ae eee 196 NiNGS ere emia elena silat tetera rien 115 manufactures, Other .......---- 174 Preparation of..-----.----- 170, 178, 174 springs, Eskimo....-..--------- 136 (in manufactured state) -.--.--- 2038-205 Whale, Bottle-head.....--.----------------- 12 DROW OSA ease aaa ee aie tee 13 Winhacks.s.-sssssas oee eee 12-13 and fish oil, Exports and imports of. 296-297 GTaS6 Sees see ae een nee oe 12 (CSE Fas ot sages gecsoseece ee reeiein 12 PE BG Kee ee eee eee 12 JER TAN So sees te oss acesausoss 13 Porpoise Sperm ...-...-...-----.--- 12 PRU Ge Sele else eee 13 CIWS Oye ea sales ete ee eer et 12 Sharp-headed Finner -.--.-.----..-- 13 SOM Ebocare ane scopsoosersaseese 12 Sperm --------------------------. 12 Sulphur-bottom .-...--.----.--.---- 13 IVa be ese eis ticle eer ateln ncn 10 Wihale-lane@ esse ereee eee eee lettre tre 78 SWilhtle-Hnednae eee see eta ene cela 117 Whale-oil, Instruments and appliances of Wa NG Bia. oo 21, 258, 256, 258, 260, 261 KG PSCH eH eee ae ee eeioaeieis= ac sielerniaecae =e 239 Krider, John .......-.- PS cee e-isenecsse es 139, 140 ARETE Zee SDD ar cies rae ee veins maceieee eee ore 253 L. AUDITS anal yata sae esteel sae sists avic sists aera 23 Manmean, Charles! sesapeesasesan eee sec ees 235 WesPaizaawWalliana Nee cea ners else rie 221, 222 Maszlon ey eee ns. sono tess netics easter 20 Tatham eames ie reesei acceler = eee 43, 132, 141 a wilereOSep bee aseaeeseeenaem sa esate 149, 175 awrence-Altredisscsee seat ssce ses ss 52sS< 10 oawnen Cee Ad 0 Sener ele ner et aan= eee ae 260 Mea venwOLtheeblers ten teete hie sacs so cee 8 eNOS ye ee mre ete ria ooh ee 32 TCONAN MEOH Ey ters octane winpa isis Do sekee renin aes 121 LES ery pA tear ernie ia ciainlo's|ohaiseie se tae 168 egies Se see pte Soe ees cs eae nists soa ae 48 NEGA Yet eee rete =e ele sisiete esata tarot 263 MG ews GEOL 2 oe etee eta see saeteanise eee area 99 TS Oyvasoavyeil na eee ise st ecsters hale tia aie atest 91 MiMcolnnG CONt eK eee a see eineee aia ce lass sa 201, 202 Liverpool Free Public Museum .....--..--- 29, 30 GH COM ASO Mkts mete arse ee octal sicleiaie © ool ae 7 AG yIN aE OM ORO: 2\s3 stssiels)a sea = alate a mein 237 Lyman, William ......--..---..------------- 156 M. Mineral Nie bese lyrae aa cie's aa olae © tala a 76, 78, 81, 151, 161 IMahrenho izes cents sacs nosh sain eA a cee pee 208, 216 Manny hohneel wanes siets- ici g-\sein= in a= a 101 IMansheldsG bls 6 CO tea. 02s n= ener === 114, 115 Many) © ap ial eae se eine eee game oii 19 Martin | Capt... d)-.---.< .<---0-----<---= Sees 89 Marvin Bros. & Bartlett ........--..----- 226, 227 Massachusetts Arms Company.-..----- 90, 91, 92, 93 Mat bereHhred sess cas se 3 anes sciences 30, 58, 246 MnO Wal Grebe ss cisc) <6 ss asia a oetets aainlmin mere 253 IMEUEH EWS ODS, ais tote rim cto o[eis ate eletw nian sista el 146 Page. McBride, Sara di... 9-222. cccccectscec scans 102 IMcC@aleb) Vinal dese ao nc =cracmiccsinels a tnieieteteter= 18 IMcOlain VASO aeres oes snare aeeanneriaets 246 McCurdy, Alex. ...72, 75, 80, 96, 101, 122, 160, 161, 162 RVG Donialdye Meera eee eee eisai 242 Mie Donald Avian lint etc- = sees ackne = sae en es 119, 155 McRadd en, Hic cnccinsiceeetcjeceniceioncien-- == 150 McFadyn, Malcolm ..........--.---.------- 149, 198 MacFarlane, R......-6, 16, 75, 83, 86, 99, 100, 115, 126, 127, 136, 138, 144, 162, 166, 202, 203, 208, 215 Mic anlane iy bynes stele sleinslolaloeetoiniseiaie 15 IMGKienniG Misra) a eee aiscie oe nini= wala cieleinleininiale 237 McLaughlin, W. B...-....--.-. 0c. ceccennns 132 MiGIG6Od Reve Wa Bure ac clare emteninieisi=\einie/e/nin/ela/=/=1= 8 Maryland Academy of Science .--.-----.-- 69 RVG R bese sain ole cte sic iiststateietatsiaieteiate 252, 259 Wiel dis@ry Oe Osa se son5sacsoseoseaseces 185, 186 Meigs, General M.C.............-...--..--. 86 Merchants hilip ies scene sarees 71, 97, 122 Merrillrs Jan aacrcesicoaerisaaemecreacene 52! Middleton, Carman & Co .....--..-..-...... 28 Miles, George W ...----- 86, 94, 217, 218, 219, 227, 232 Mister CA ete ane sainialsietael ameter 257 Milner, J. W....--- 21, 45, 59, 60, 65, 122, 138, 149, 169, 235, 237, 239, 241, 260 Minor, Dr. T. T.........- 4, 85, 88, 89, 97, 116, 126, 214 Molihansen He becsce-ces sesso emacccte 7 NEDOTG WON OMASHe ceases see eee emer eee 37, 38 Moira aN illiaimie setae oe emeeslemciine a= =atae 96, 141 TVIGSOS Sa VV LELAND cele pele a tate elelsl alate tetainin=l= 264 Abi Murs! Coe eee oc ac eels 205, 220, 258 MVieIaETA Ne) =) Oo) CO Oia wees ais] oisionteeteeieelore cia 223 Museum of Comparative Zoology -..--- 2D 5s106 N. ENDS OT Oh eee eee eeaminis ine etelststoeictslatatets 101 Natonal insultmtlones ace sac ceecnie else 4, 5, 12 National Preserving Company..-..--------- 182 Nelson HeWWarssee oe eee setae creole ernie = eiefelstototars 240 ING@mIDGLEY Vel Sores ease ee eee cele eet lo LOO INTCHOIS. JieAn seo cheen ecco slemeceeeers eects 94, 95 Nickerson, George Y..10, 83, 84, 117, 197, 198, 199, 205 INT GES IEC Nee Bepcdeeeeseecesaobsaror esac 254 INGEMAN HA in me occne acre cis sitem eects selec’ 94 Norris (bhad deus cose atom ete eee 120, 121 North American Oil Company.--...-..---- 224, 227 North Pacific Exploring Expedition....... 127, 128 New York Condensed Milk Company ..-.-. 182, 229 oO. Odell pease el sacle etele eaeisteleeeieiciteniar= 183 Onion eeee eee e see eeecenceieee eleanor a P. ‘ Packard ela Sel ae a seteaceeieleamatiaielsels|ai=i-=== 239 Page, G.S ....----------- +2 eee eee e ee eeenee 58 Palmer, Er... -- 9, 20, 57, 63, 83, 86, 87, 93, 95, 99, 141, 143, 159, 166, 182, 184, 195, 200, 209, 210, 215, 224, 256, 265 Palmer J OSepl coeccce sclaeleenisiae eile isfelejein'e 22 Palme Wiesss sso en ween elisa tale we atelelatate 262 Parker BrOtMerss--peawste cece aee Cees cee cer 90 Parker Once sano acncncneeletsciseleeitatatelse dase 258 Parmalee, Da Dcaecce ase ecle swam eoeaesiera 132 IPATSONS cl OSss| esos celeste = ete llol 82, 101, 117, 165 Payne; Neve cscse = madeecemteisise coe asiiaa cle 131, 200 INDEX OF CONTRIBUTORS. Page. Peabody, George H ................-- Sete 224 PERO UI Rig casmawiecia to\e'e sae cm isan cies einen 14 Pelton iWisinencc cee escie- otcleriacenesmcemaeee 258 Peterson INsCi osc sascocecestes eo cen cenmeee 257 Peyrer, Carl see. 0 =. scence dee eaeste ce eee eee 239 Pollard: Os. 22222). esas te oe te ee caeeeeee 18 (Poole eo eHUNG Se oamciemccinet clon oe eee eee eee 176 Pope} Capt d soon secon aoa eleies toot eee 4 Portland Packing Company.....-. 163, 164, 185, 186, 259, 261 Other Gc ele eteiateeineieis ceeiee ieee eee 260° Potters Charles Disc cs-csesc copes clesc emacs 44, 133 (Potter (Wie kG iiss oer cwiioer emis seers 228 Powell, Maj. J. W...-- 80, 86, 95, 122, 130, 142, 202, 209 Powell) Siscs2 chess ceee ceenceeemeceicies 42, 46, 59 Powers, Stephen. 85, 96, 99, 122, 126, 128, 134, 139, 144, 183, 194, 202, 230, 262 Phinney Mahi sas ace— sae ecitecs celle eae 57 Platt, Wabrcccacssbot. cose cue tececccest ae 16 Prior AWilliamy je. tdcOOlaeeesiea sees ee et 30 Patna eh a Wienec sae ccieeeateteecssceieaai 26 R. Randolph, Septimia, Miss.....--.-..-.------ 243 IReminoToOnres SOUS bree seeteeteseee eel eee 90, 93 Renfrew wiGevissaccae te eae ise aceite 191, 192, 194, 199 Renfrew, G. R., & Co....10, 69, 188, 189, 190, 193, 208, 210, 214, 215, 223, 229 Rich Newell B sce. ae acess = Seime ise) eae 100, 117 IRICHALO Ny PEL eee a cinctteemie sa eisai 45, 62 Richardson, James ............-..----- 255, 256, 264 Ridgway, Robert ----..--. -.-.-----.. 13, 15, 22, 139 Ring ale utah Vis eee ae eteaeamaere 99-101, 1438, 189 Rodgers, Herbert M., & Co.........------- 226 Rodgers, Capt. John .........--.----------83, 85, 88 Inaeanist (Ce Wiicscueodadsashedseeobuesoscgseec 247 Ross, B.R.....-- 4, 15, 86, 90, 99, 115, 142, 143, 189, 190 BROSS ec pEbard OSU Y ge are tere lao mw mrieeie atom telae 18 MROSS URshe ee ance ctsitecise oo See esate ceeeteia 166 ROSSeiWice Ave Oo LO) «sie soeea mee aeratelaelate . . .264, 265 HROUN eo OM soe ee eet alee cleeicielnlelee tate eat 245 Rother sky sacee See see cee sees se eens 242 IROUNTOCK Orb see ee ena neee eee emanate 94, 215 Owes Capieeb ela se eee etme eae 72, 74, 101, 121 S. Salisbunyasreence seer ciceeeecelesieic ceeaincrees 85 Samuel skips se «fo -iseiciesn ie Se ce eeiste melee 19, 20 Sarsy Pror CiOlesceseceaceeccee seems aeaeae 239 Sartorius Dre. e--c22e- sence enisne cee ees 128 SRIWAY.OL, gh CAL w ecle ones oleiwele sei elaine einlele= = 153 Scammon, Capt. C.M..........-.. 6, 8, 10, 11, 18, 202 Schachtéc BIOs! scoases sees een cee 183, 186, 222, 227 Schatten iicssccees sen oni somata eee 229 Schayer Bros.......--.--.--- ee eee eee 216 Schott, Driscse cee see occe eee ces ss ole utetamtate 259 Schultz, Alexander.....-.......------------ 238 Schumacher, Paul --.-<.-..-...---.-....--=- _ 252 Scott Ant 6n CO see ects e cenee iceee ane 145 Scoville & Johnson.........---.----+------- 163 Scupham, J. R.....-.----------20+----22ee- 260 Sevey, J. Al-o5- oo. wee meeinw sense nne™ 203, 204, 205 Sibley, j--ceer so leastee eee a as eaase= ease ee 44 Simpson, Capt. J. H.......-.--..-.--.6--- 16, 19, 189 Shatter 0s HE. gu sanedee aan tenets ciate ciatemteters 257 Shardlow, Joseph......-...-2.-..-.00- 197, 198, 199 INDEX OF CONTRIBUTORS.. Page. SSSA ar Ra See alee ante etait lola tela ate ate 36, 48 MHAMINV Seine se enone eee cniemee nec eaime ace cel 13 PHOLSVON ae kwe ees = seers emice seielaleleasin alsin eels 240 Mhuten Omics seen stes cea sacmeceeimiacincies sisinr 146 Shute Geel Go SOM eae eee) aaiseeesiniaiiaia == 149 PS ICINIOLE Ve syELe ae eee eee iee ie aeiaelseae =e a 52 RRM OS By eeleeie aie stele ela = olan (oeieiele imine 66, 168 Savery es sae Set ser stamieie sie misteteeibiatcteys cia 101 I AGK eMavelsik seas caste aeisn see nests «jo.5 me. oae simi emse 40 sh oOMsonne sie ake sein cs ccmicre wee nce nae 12, 76, 78, 119 Motteny General cecme= sacs es ssa2 sec enee dee 253 PED WRENN ea ce cece sac Mite ciniciniceicnis waters ate 14 prendre lls Grate Oe CO tetndiciv saci «eta lcreceitialels 190, 191 BRPORERHOIIN Heat neG ster tse ro/= < c)< Savereineinte th seinniste 221 HireataGaptsWacpenscet coh acc ose mencetouee 227, 132 2 Page. Trowbridge, Lieut. W. P........------ eee 17, 190 Twiss, Major ........ Saecleeiiees anise ua mate 4 U. Underwood! & | COseccceeccleceucmes 163, 164, 185, 259 Underwood, William ............0.-2.--0--5 261 United States Northern Boundary Survey. . 7 Vis Valentine; Ma Dicscesccscccer sicctinasicce cacrieoe Warden: ditseanicscivavicteeccuecemeceeeaiacer 94, 142, 198 Wellies Drs. Wiecccsccs Bee a eeineaie ee cine ae OCs tegen Were eACHH em siieeice ssiesiemnente 284, 237, 258, 261, 262 Verne TO lobe nctstels sisistsices Saeaelessle ee ete 260 BIC ORW was ccca se awet bacotinecanoeoneecen 15 WoOss PA dolphiesec-ceesseoae sane 73, 75, 77, 83, 170 AW NWralker nD) ane leee sce acne oeemecise amine ents 150 Wallace Obie sees = sees slsee seer 5, 10, 18, 260 Waltham! diGraham) ssecceesecine «meieceeras 90 Nara Oparhwenbasn cae ea sens esas ew seems ete e este ae sa a| sonore 28 34 DOT Oth ae seep ere toe eele onesie eile ete ais otal oleate aerate teeta ta | halen 2% 40 PIOUSA Mes se eee cared cee sen ease eci eee ease ecme Teese ee eee eee OO | Saemeeene | pa ase eee PAI a eee eect men eiee ne aeeinta nae eae emai em i ei ans See eae A | Seeeete miele | ama e sete Pectoralarss j2vahs 2 Sapea es acaadss acoso secs ss neha noes cceeiiestamees 18 i| esas ooemeleeeneecmctaes Wentral oe Neva ade oticicise ae ce ane eenet se ce nae eases ach ceeeueneceen aeeines Blew =faelaeee | peveinetmcieteetete Scales. hse seca 2 Socecs tee cen sescee ce claee ae ee conees canen anemones mene None... i eee ase eee rae FISHES. 115 9. Lycodes polaris (Sabine) Rich. Blennius polaris SABINE, App. Parry’s First Voy., p. ccxii. LIycodes polaris Ricu., Last Arc. Voy., 1855, p. 362. Described from North Georgia, lat. 75° N., long. 110° W. Recorded, also, from the west side of the Peninsula of Boothia by Capt. J. C. Ross. 10. Uronectes Parryi (Ross) Giinther. Ophidiwm Parrit Ross, in Parry’s Third Voy., App., p. 109; Polar Voyage, p. 199.—Rrcu., F. B. A., iii, 1836, p. 274. Discovered in Baffin’s Bay and Prince Regent’s Inlet. Observed near Felix Harbor, ejected by a glaucous gull.—fich., 1. ¢. Family, STICH HID. 11. Centroblennius nubilus (Rich.) Gill. Lumpenus nubilus Ricu., Last Are. Voy., 1855, p. 359, pl. xxviii. This species was described from Northumberland Sound, lat. 76° 53/ N. Family, ZIPHIDIONTID ®. 12. Murznoides fasciatus (Schn.) Gill. Gunnellus fasciatus Ricu., Last Arc. Voy., 1855, p. 357, pl. xxvii. Richardson records the species from Northumberland Sound. Family, CYCLOPTERIDZAS, 13. Humicrotremus spinosus (Fabr.) Gill. Cyclopterus spinosus GUNTH., P. Z. S., 1877, pp. 293, 476. Giinther has examined specimens from Franklin Pierce Bay. 14. Cyclopterus lumpus Linn. 21726. (1411.) Godthaab, Disko Island, Greenland. Mr. Kumlien brought down a single specimen 430 millimetres in length, and furnished the following notes of color: “ Varying shades of dusky olive green. Dorsal light. Belly nearly white. Iris umber.” Family, LIPARIDIDZ. 15. Liparis vulgaris Fleming. Liparis lineata (LEP.) KRGYER, Nat. Tidsskrift, ii, 2, p. 284; iii, 1, p. 244; Voy. en Scand., &c., pl. xiii, fig. 2. Liparis lineatus COLLETT, Christiania Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1878, No. 14, (p. 32). 21762. (657.) Annanactook, Cumberland Gulf. D. 42. A. JI, 34. P.35. C. 11. Taken in 7 fathoms. Nee-fitz-shak of the Eskimo.”—Kumlien. 21763. (859.) Head of Cumberland Gulf, June 29, 1878. (a) D. 19, 23; A. 34. (b) D. 19,21; A. 35. “ Wastened to kelp in 7 fathoms.”—Kumlien. 21764. (860.) Annanactook, Cumberland Gulf, June 29, 1878. “ Fastened to kelp.”—umlien. 116 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. 21765. (858.) Head of Cumberland Gulf, June 29,1878. D.41. A.34. P.34. C.10. ‘‘Fastened to kelp in 5 fathoms.”—Kuwmlien. 21752. (573.) Annanactook, Cumberland Gulf. Referred doubtfully to D. vulgaris. The specimen is young and in bad condition. It was taken in 9 fathoms. Richardson (F. B. A., iii, 1836, p. 263) mentions this species from the west side of Davis Strait in lat. 70°, and from Regent’s Inlet. Professor Collett found the alimentary canal of one of his specimens filled with small amphipods, one of them being Caprella septentrionalis Kr., together with many individuals of Protomedeia fasciata Kr.* 16. Liparis Fabricii Kroyer. Liparis Fabriciti GUNTHER, P. Z. 8., 1877, pp. 294, 476. Dr. Giinther has examined specimens collected in Discovery Bay and Franklin Pierce Bay. Family, AGONID i. 17. Aspidophoroides monopterygius (Bloch) Storer. Aspidophoroides monopterygius GUNTH., P. Z. 8., 1877, p. 295. A young individual was taken in 30 fathoms, lat. 65° N., long. 539 W.— Giinther, 1. c. \ Family, COTTID A. 18. Cottus scorpius Linn. 21989, (151.) 9 Niantilic Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, A. L. Kumlien. 21742. (180.) g Niantilie Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, A. L. Kumlien. Mr. Kumlien collected this individual on the 25th of September, 1877, at which time its colors must have been exceedingly brilliant, judging from the traces which still remain. He states in his notes, that it lives ‘‘among the rocks at the bottom, feeding largely on crustacea and mol- lusks.” Cottus scorpius, and the sub-species grénlandicus, but especially the latter, formed an important part of the food supply of the expedi- tion. These specimens of Cottus scorpius are clearly identical with Seandi- navian examples of the same species, as may be seen from the tables of measurements which follow. In all the tables it must be remembered that the unit of length is the total length without caudal. So far as I know, the true Cottus scorpius has not previously been found on the east coast of America. A young individual, catalogue-number 10374, _ collected at Eastport, Me., by the United States Fish Commission, may be compared with one a trifle larger, catalogue-number 22060, which * Collett, 1. c. FISHES. 117 was presented to the United States National Museum by Prof. Robert Collett. is very striking. far south as Hastport. The agreement between these two in all essential particulars We may safely record this species, then, at least as The true Cottus scorpius may be distinguished from the sub-species which follows by its narrower interorbital distance, and the lesser length of the dorsal spines, particularly the anterior ones. Table of Measurements. Species, Cottus scorpius Linn. ® Current number of specimen ...---.--.--------- 21,742 a, o. 21,989, 9. 10,374, juv. Wocalitygiest scene ene oan ae soesee aeesce se secre Cumberland Gulf. ComBerlind Eastport, Me. Gulf. { | Millime- | 200ths | yrini. | 200ths | ypini. | eo = length. | @°™eS-| tength. ahmed length. | Bcirenre lene then seen saat eee ese leet 169 Us) iesonesee SSR aaa Length to origin of middle caudal rays -..------ 140 TOMS | recrteen 125 \ecmoseme ody: Greatest HereiGee sesame ese sae eee eats | elem tae one eee seer Dae Wasa wenn 24 Greatest width (at pectoral base) ....-..----|------------ Qe asec Dee ore oat 20 Height at ventrals 9. <..------ 2.2 2-2- 2220-95 -|sn- none n= 23 |-.-- 24) omen aie 24 Least height of tail...........-..-.----.----|-.---------- OR see Ce pease 64 Head: (Gieseniaern ene. 6s Se ekoncsososcecoonaosces||ecesnessee5e Some | esemeets SB oa eee 3 Distance from snout to nape .-...-..--.-..-.|------.---.- 2G esos 2h) Masaes ee 28 Greatest width at base of prop. spines. ..--|---- eee Qa) ese seats Aone eeeeecer 23 Wadthvotinterorbital area = ses ce- see 22 |elecaclsc ee Des sasenae MAN es ome es 5 IUCN Oe SAW Set escoco pSEdoosbacoo Shes) sestssoceose Oe | eee ON ee eee 8 ene thofmuppery ave sees eisai rae eine eae ie emnierets San |eeierist=c SI eeresersie 17 Meneibiotemandt ple eaar == setae aaenetmacis en |e eae meee OT errata ers 205 ee seeelae 19 Distance from snout to orbit ........-...----|.----------- LOS etexicsloi 1Oy jisceecinee|scce cone JD yEMENGIe CL GH Ny concariadosebodn osecascoesud |scHaonsos08= Coe eerie Siailiceeecere 10 Dorsal (spinous) : Distance from snout DA eee DU eee 35 IG EIUGS, WES) Sesbe cuba ssepubade SodURnbaBoE on) Seer 208 |seeeaee 22 Length from end of dorsal to origin of mid- dleycaridallray ss nen. desma seme eens scene | ease emeraer IM) Wesecsose a1 OS | ieee tee eae Thenrthioretirshispines-ia-c=2 02s sree enon seese eee 1), Wpssc0dse De ee eeetas 11 hensth.of SGConaispine--- => -m aes esa |e eee eae SS reteset UD basses 12 Hens Gol thirds pine ase estas eects eer | eae meee Da asic cats TY ees cere 3 ienethvof fourth spine) --- soe cs-- ec eee- a -|\ semen oa 1 gece cei HZ | sees 12 daenp thor fitch spine) = =) en-- seeecceee eeialegee OP eeen este DOE secre 10 Length of seventh spine ------------.--.----|.-.--------- AON element oe easter capae 8 heneihvoteiehthispime - s- 0 -tceice eeiese= + |tocees wei Seances SN haeree sate 5 ihencuhvoh nin bas pines sc aseee sates [peace coe ces Gia l ees se ine. eeceaee 3 Hengthio£ tenthispine)...-ssc2s25..--he-.2 ss) eesscesece ss BE [soe sehes 2 Wasa Sas lees ace Length of longestiray <22-<+-<.cs-cs--cees-=|sseceesssces Ge peeenees ie || ose 16 Eength ofilastira ys) =... sans ssc eee) (sees ccis saan Big eater aes Gloy| Geiceern a fos aes Anal: Distance from Snot oan oe -inieise cles eels 63 Tenethioh base :scamecoc- cea fccee2s 26 Length of first ray....-...---.--- 6 Length of longest ray 12 Men sun flan bitayee elacereas ness se cee aa 7 Caudal: Menethofamiddlemays=-—ssc-0 20s eee eel serene seen es 20) Dee esses Ble, aca e 22 Pectoral: Distance from snout (upper axil) -----.-----|......------ Sor lsseeesae BAST | Seon 36 Gn DNs eee eae eee ae eee arate eae eee eee ae 261s ocean Ad Secewenas 26 Ventral: Distance frome sous soca nesses ssses=s (sso eases eT Rewoe es BQ ileessense 3 LOGIE ROSE Reso -e coc snnacochonoe Aesebese cal cee ee 20) eee 20 SE 2 21 . ight IBTanChlOSsbe Pals a aeaa seco ee assist ate lelee eee ; Left VII } Souci VER | edie nse Vik. |oscctese Morsalemeshes ca ocec daa eeeaeecokaa te oeiaece ee Bxe Gy Se ece ns EX 1G)? |eosetee 10:69 GH eeesse CATE Bite teats) ete ae ainieeieeicleininoie aplstemaceimem mets ie LATA Seeecaess EO eeepc a0 14 cee oars ight 19 . IBECLOLA NE eet ac hee acne Sect eee eee Pees ; L ate 18 , teed Tiassa = IG | esa Wentrallsssc52 Bien cine whe oe ceetinatestee mae eee Eales TS | cot eestee IE Ounloseee ae 118 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. Table of Measurements—Continued. 3,285, 9. 22,060, juv. Christiania, Sweden. Norway. mini- | 200ths | yq3n;. | 100ths metres. length. metres. length Current number of specimen ..--.. 17,433 a, cv. 17,433 Bb, 9. . Bergen, Nor- | Bergen, Nor- Locality -...---------+--+-++-+-- ; way. way. metres. length. metres. length. iixtremedenpthessa-. ecco sje ees OOM | Seeeciae 2300 ose cea Length to origin of middle caudal TUS Peleyaieie late sistance ee eee eet DOES al hetestaiel=' LOOM | eremterm Body: ‘ Greatestineightheasceessses-eeea|teemecee A eee 25 Greatest width (at pectoral ase) Mmemaecseeetence eater ean seemeeee ie lace 22 eight /atwentrals))--22.<- 22-2. lessee Aen owner 234 Least height of tail...........-|....---- on eens 7k Head: Greatest length | St ee 8 nhs TA HOARE ARTE oe 22 ids eeebd $6 Rae ee 34 nea ate De eu Hee ae 26 Sean SOF take 31 19. Cottus scorpius L., sub-species grénlandicus C. & V. Cottus gronlandicus Cuv. & VAL., Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, p. 185: Giti, Cat. Fishes E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 22. Cottus scorpius var. grénlandica LUTKEN, Aftryk af Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening Kjébenhayn, 1876, p. 16. 21728. Godthaab, Greenland, A. L. Kumlien. 21729 Godthaab, Greenland, A. L. Kumlien. ‘ FISHES. 119 21730. Godthaab, Greenland, A. L. Kumlien. 21731. Godthaab, Greenland, A. L. Kumlien. 21740. (151.) g. Niantilic Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, A. L. Kumlien. 21751. (67.) Young. Arctic Id., Cumberland Gulf, A. L. Kumlien. 16931. Many young. Cumberland Gulf, Lieut. W. A. Mintzer. I have reached practically the same conclusion concerning the rela- tions of C. scorpius and C. grénlandicus as Dr. Liitken, Malmgren, and Col. lett, since it is probable that they use the term “variety” in the same sense in which I use “ sub-species.”. Dr. Liitken, however, supposes the Cottus variabilis of Ayres to be a synonym of C. scorpius sub-species grénlandi- cus; but it is identical with Cottus eneus Mitchill. The Cottus Mitchilli of Cuvier and Valenciennes, which was a mere name based on the Cottus scorpius of Mitchill, is evidently a synonym of C. scorpius sub-species gronlandicus ; but the name Cottus Mitchilli, as used by Dr. DeKay and Professor Gill and understood in the museum catalogues, was associated with the species which should be called C. w@neus of Mitchill. DeKay’s Cottus eneus as described and figured is a compound of @neus and octo- decimspinosus. His C. Mitchilli is the true aneus of Mitchill. C. eneus Mitchill is the smallest of the marine sculpins of the east coast so far as known, and appears to be the least widely distributed. Its limits may be stated as Long Island on the south and Maine on the north. It has the narrowest interorbital space of our five known species. It is not uncommon to find individuals of 24 inches in length full of spawn. The base of the anal is almost invariably shorter than that of the first dorsal. It is highly probable that DeKay’s figure* of Cottus cneus Mitchill was drawn from a specimen of Cottus octodecimspinosus Mitch- ill, the only known Eastern American sculpin with so long a spine on the preoperculum. The number of anal rays (13) in this figure has never been recorded in Cottus a@neus, but is common in C. octodecimspi- nosus. DeKay’s figure of Cottus Mitchilli is a fair representation of the ceneus of Mitchill. Cottus scorpius sub-species gronlandicus has about the same southern limit as C. eneus, but it ranges northward to Greenland. It is abundant at Wood’s Holl, Massachusetts, in winter. The United States Fish Commission has found it common in summer at different points along the coast between Cape Cod and Halifax, Nova Scotia. At Salem and Gloucester it was caught from the wharves. The stomach of an adult of medium size, taken at Wood’s Holl, Mass., by the United States Fish Commission, contained three crabs, Cancer irroratus. * New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, p. 52, pl. vi, fig. 19. 120 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. Cottus octodecimspinosus Mitchill is known from Halifax on the north to Beesley’s Point, New Jersey, on the south, where it was collected by Prof. 8. F. Baird in 1854. It is considered a shallow-water species; but the United States Fish Commission has a specimen from 68 fathoms in the Gulf of Maine, where the temperature was about 42° Fahr. The greater portion of the examples were from 10 fathoms or less. Add to these Cottus scorpioides of Fabricius, and it will complete the list of Eastern North American species of the genus Cottus so far as known. As already intimated, Cottus scorpius sub-species grénlandicus is quite readily separated from the typical C. scorpius by its wider interorbital distance and its higher spinous dorsal, which differences are best exem- plified in the specimens from Greenland, and appear, along with others, in the measurement tables. Table of Measurements. Species, Cottus scorpius sub-species grénlandicus. Current number of specimen..................-.---.---.-.. 21,731. 21,730. EO CHIN bg tee ee ieee etree ee eee a eit eee se clei a eels eee Godthaab, Greenland, Aug. 8, 1878. Millime- |100ths of | Millime- | 100ths of tres. length. tres. length. ixtrem epleneths+26.. 2. Oe ecu she sawsa nec aacseee caten see tete eam nen lisa see een DOG eee ee Penge to origin of middle caudal rays. ...-..-....----..--- 185) 2s esas. TSG) Peete Body: GMeatesh eel htmes seers sees nm ceimlelteaeiesaste a aerator etter rere Dae ee Sea 23 Greatest width at pectoral base...-...---.-- .----.---|...-------.- 22) WE eee eek eases Hele htt wenulalstjwerarelas en aes ee ae was aeeeeesiae al eeeaee eee 2A ear 23 ieastheightron tall emacs wana cose wee sue Sasa se eee eee eee ees BA Pree se cee 53 Hen abhi of Caueal pCdunClOter. ame sella ss cease aeiacaee aoe asain eee Dhy esoese see 12 Head: Greatestilenetihes 23s. Sees tanta se stemeetaaeee aes te sees es eee BONES 2s saa5e 38 WishancetLoMisnOUl LOMApe oem eens eens eee fase eee 28 Poe sceaee 27 Width offinterorbitall areas 3.005 fcdsceeosetadcwet: Joep s|pemidzee sae hal camasen ay 6 LON UNO USO Uine a aceenacase ese meie seca aces siete era eee ee ore OF oe aaoessees 9 hens thro up peryawee case 42s onic ona ptoa tec iieesejsteisie| canes eeeecee DQ ect ve 19 ene vnioLmMandib] esee sre pee eee easter eee areeeeee eee sees ee eee aa 208) teenie 203 Distance from snout to Orbits: 2.62 sce ems eneo eee = lessee sseee MN Wessccoesac 10 Diameter Of OLbitic. Fo seoe ee pases cece see anatioise See sis sae iee ete oe OE hace senee 9 Dorsal (spinous) : ID yStan ce trom SnO we bees sels emia ele steele ete ser eee stele laetatatat So begeaeeeres 33 Length of base ......-...-..- Salataia tolsiatniectcicinccctnctonie oae | eeneneee sees Qe see 26 GH SUNY Hotes bp8 iN Oe aeteteiaeletesteiate eles see ase eeetelee eee eee |e ae eet WG isceecacce 15 MEN AENVO fy SCCORG) SPIO asa cieclom ale eae ave ninciea eine eo ea aee sere 1881 See seine 164 Menethor ching spine. os. ces cs co ewsee tases one See ann | eee eeaee ie laseiseeeeclaetieseee ee 163 Henrthiof fourth spine pis Vesa ok eee estos lo alee ce ee lesen eatecnials AS ssteeseee 163 Hensthotkstih Spine) e-em. oe aoe os soca eats enic|| Ciree emieieeteree Oo eekteomeee 153 Jien obhy Of SUXt SPINGs saaacse vaeine os sess Le eee soe oe at seaeeseeneeenee IGE ARE ae 144 Gensth of seventh spine. o- acces ceaeeaseciee ee eeeeee eles senesaees a eee 133 Len sthorr eighth Spe} ssa aa-r ems ceeeceee sao sete Se eerd| Ceeinss eee oe Dee oe see 12 en eihrOh MInuo SHIM) seecase seeds cece se ssl aceon | taeceece seas 8 j esaseeeaee 73 Lensthotsientispinel.j-o- aces sacle aic ee aac ce tee er eeiaaalnee oases Dip state ae 5 Hemet Or. Cloventh Spine pesca coseae pacar Conese fall terereerceen | pe aeeet eee Paeeeenee 3 ewe th orlonrest tay a. e-cerees-occeecemwaceeeccteeh is eee cee aoe 17s eoee eee 19 ALC SUMO ASU LAY SseeeeeeeM asm tee ace recor see eee oe eee eee GXaPeeeeee = = 8 Anal: Distance from snouG. 7<- fs s.1s ses ehiatten so ckececmeeeeees tess sceee nee Gla |Gesesee= == 62 Length Of Das cts (secei, os cec wnihals nates nice ee mak aeteeh | peatecneenion 25 Ne se ssecce = 25 Length of. first irayesis-cscesl.caczcictnn dees temic ooce Goel e aoaaeiiiester Mineeanee se 7 Denesth of lonsestiayes-scces costae eerie sc ne eciesacel | |seeeeen sesee HE eteee ea! 15 Length of last rays sec ccs en eacitee scoee cone cece sleceeeateteee Chale na ceecac 8 FISHES. Table of Measurements—Continued. 121 Current numberof specimen. <<). 22<\- - nen es actscece se. 21,731. | 21,730. Tocalliby, <) 22 saoiaee 14) gee cssee Cad al ese oe cere ee ec See eee ee See ee aero mt lA eye store eaters | ete feceeers|-2ere anes EGCtorall cto ccGunniceoee Unico wine nace Soee or eon coe eee CE eeeee LG sesctecese ‘right ag a pee peg Wientralls oinct cashes sacan nae soem ee ceee tet eee eae cee eeee DSi S4 se aeees Toh aeeeaesee Cottus scorpioides FABR., Faun. Groénld.: LUTKEN, Aftryk af Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening Kjébenhavn, 1876, p. 12. 21744. 7 specimens. Cumberland Gulf, A. L. Kumlien. 21745. 4specimens. Lat. 66° 24’ N., long. 68° 49‘ W. A. L. Kumlien. 21750. (670.) Young. Head of Cumberland Gulf. A. L. Kumlien. 22327. (180.) @ adult. Cumberland Gulf. A. L. Kumlien. 22330. (151.) Young. Niantilic, Cumberland Gulf. A. L. Kumlien. 22331. Young. Cumberland Gulf. Lieut. W. A. Mintzer. Mr. Kumlien brought down many examples of a species of Cottus which closely resembles scorpius and grénlandicus, and yet agrees with FISHES. aon neither of them. It is a species characterized by a very short head and short jaws, the head constituting only one-third of the total length with- out the caudal, and the upper jaw equalling less than one-seventh of the same length. The length of the upper jaw of C. grénlandicus equals slightly more than one-sixth of the total length without caudal, and in C. scorpius it is contained only 54 times in the length exclusive of the caudal. The species agrees with Fabricius’s description and with Dr. Liitken’s diagnosis of Cottus scorpioides. For the sake of comparison, I have prepared a table of measurements of the head and jaws of 9 addi- tional specimens of C. grénlandicus to follow the measurements of C. scorpioides. The unit of length in the tables is the total length to the origin of the middle caudal rays. Description.—The shape of the body resembles that of Cottus scorpius L., but the caudal peduncle is longer and more slender. The greatest height of the body, which is at the ventrals, equals the distance from the tip of the snout to the nape, and is contained 44 times in the length without caudal. The caudal peduncle is slender and long ; its least height is less than the long diameter of the orbit, and its length to the origin of the middle caudal rays equals the length of the longest anal ray. The length of the head, measured to the end of the opercular flap, is contained 3 times in the unit of length. The width of the head at the base of the preeopercular spines equals the distance from the snout to the nape, and nearly equals the length of the anal base. The long diameter of the eye equals half the length of the upper jaw, and is very little less than the length of the snout. The distance between the eyes equals 4 of the length of the mandible, and is contained 20 times in the unit of length. The length of the snout equals $ the length of the mandible, and is contained 14 times in the unit of length. The distance of the spinous dorsal from the snout equals twice the length of the longest ray of the second dorsal and is nearly or quite equal to the length of the head. The first spine is contained 11 times, the second 94 times, and the third, fourth, and fifth 9 times in the unit of length. From this point the spines diminish gradually in length to the last, which is $ as long as the first. The longest ray of the second dorsal is contained 64 times in the unit of length. The distance of the anal from the snout equals twice the length of the pectoral. The anus is directly under the origin of the second dorsal. The length of the anal base is about equal to the distance from the 124 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. snout to the nape. The first and last rays are usually equal in length, and equal the length of the snout. The longest anal ray equals in length the caudal peduncle. The length of the middle caudal rays is contained from 5 to 6 times in the unit of length. The distance of the pectoral from the snout is contained 34 times, and its length 54 to 4 times in the unit of length. The distance of the ventral from the snout equals twice the length of the upper jaw. The length of the ventral in females is contained 5 times (in one nearly 6 times) in the unit of length; in males, about 44 times. Radial formula —B. V1; D. IX-X, 15-16; A. 11-13; P. 15-16; V. I, 3. Dr. Liitken is of the opinion that “ Cottus pachypus Giinther (from Port Leopold) is the genuine C. scorpioides,” in which opinion I fully coincide after a comparison of Mr. Kumlien’s specimens with Fabricius’s description of C. scorpioides and the description of C. pachypus. Cottus scorpioides appears in Professor Gill’s List of East Coast Fishes with a doubt as to its reference to the genus Cottus, to which genus, however, it was properly referred by Fabricius. Table of Measurements. Species, Cottus scorpioides Fabr. Current numberof specimen ----.------------------ 21,745 a. | 21,745 b, 3. 21,745 ¢, 9. Locality .-.--------.-.--------------------- 222 ------ Lat. 66° 24’ N. Long. 68° 49"W. : | Milli- | 100ths Milli- 100ths Milli- 1ppihe atte 0 metres. length. metres. |) ength. metres. length SHPLT OUT SLOW eG eee ale Paes ae ele aetntala a alee alent a ST re eee eae rede Length to origin of middle caudal rays..........---- Ooi eames Os erate DTG 5s | cients Body : Greabesbyn erent elt ate oleae alelmlelalelollat ieee in| atone = A |e ee ee POT Ship ieub pen Stee ase re rata le cotati ate ere meta imte| afeetarafal= PEN Beebo eu secn-alaccecaed loca sce IRCA S bOI C Mir Ol (Uae see eat etal ete aero eter Gr als Soares G6 o-me cco peanasee sen ohhiotecandal pedunclocea-ces >see ese ese se ae e = ar oes eee Fie sereeeel 13 Head: (Greatest lengiihies soeriaa ae see serene seme eee) -eeeees Sol eee near 33 ele-Soeses 32 Distance from snout to nape -.--------.-----.---|-------- Bo neers etaatsietela | ease 24 CGmedbeshowacl Ube seem see a= eee eine semaine eres ee eaeeer 28g || feet bee Peat | seeieieistor| eee ts ‘Width of interorbital area .....-......----.--=--|----.--- Oe | Reece anes ea meener ee eeean 5 Wen SRR hy SNOMD eee ee eee eee ene em aera eee |e eee ifs |e ckoeSe Sus | Ceteiee ters 8 Meneihio£ maxillarye.aasccas teste eee seston | seaesee TS at as cas i al et secre 13 ene th oOLmandib | 6s- sas. eon ace cceeee males seems GHA pepe cists HOT |e epee 154 Diameter of orbit .-........---- Minna tae wales irate lao stl ers il aeteetetee TH erates 7 Dorsal (spinous): Distance arom SNOMD aes scee ies eiseise elma ceiae ets ened ental Soe essere Doe ee eats 23 MCN UMNO MESO He oo = coe se one te ccc nesen te eoinese lesa ees BU sess ke eens oe eae eee ee sentee ene Ghiofirsh Spine) eae sccies tse nemesis Seeercee Se. Sek coalesce oe eee |aeiten ae hen etibrofesecond Spine .-csse sons ece~ soe te oastae | deemienine Gi Ske en ao ee Reem ect ene Ores hind SpmMe sees sesencell= aoe sae mene neni LOR aoe see eee eee eee Tkeneth of fourth spinels 2.327 ssec eee as seess|yeoceee QS || see 2s se Aen eee on ee ee oe en othiof Hitt h spine pe acer ach ciaeem clciele cae ciaelelale ce acre WN essa sdllescedosa|locsctees8ea, Soce Denethi of sixthispmne 2a: 2-0. sere eseecmmees= alae onoe SO aie sete ete | eet ete = eet | iene eet Denrthof seventh: spine. <2- (6 -csen-secs oe cee ceelese maa QF ese cete qe aewe sates) isicre ase ial iacm ere Lengthot eighth spine. <2. 222-0. ssc~ coe eecsest |s-a2ee os % |\Saesesst Seeae aes aoc ode ol) eeeees engihiof mnth spe). eee e es eae ne cose |= snes ae 5 [eemeseee | seetsene | pette cee sac ceiae Lengthof longestiray. -2-s-ccccesecsceusscescelsnson os Gee ean Seeeeeeelet ~ en eieln||nim\eme amo =mininnimin 7 7k Caudal: Length of middle rays -....-..20----<.----sceces een en nn -|o---nen-| an enen--|---0-=-- 17 19 Pectoral: MistancertromSuoubiesse ee eeeeeeasesceeeeeseeee cee eeaiealassaeices SOM Peewee 30 30 Length .2.--- 0.220. 33 noe ene eens enn nee ween a= - lone nee <= 2a reotsreter 25 28 Ventral: LONE Re) rae ALSACE Secon eqodoo seeder + JEosodsacccsseedfocssccnc 20 sesame 29 28 BUSTA Ere ee a li aed ieee PAV | eect! 18 20 Branchiostegals See ea eee eta ieee ater |e tee eter DAS Gneocoedlbssqsco" Bo) cores ese ere eet ae ae alee ie eee ieee tetera tettnleyerete te = EKG 5 i lerrattereters RSG eter lt etestciae Am alle ercctis eee ae cee iesainla cin oe eeeraniats eine teteealestclet S| eee eee 2 Neteses eleeime emit TRE CLORA ences sere ees eee aise iam aeise ie setate fe eteloreie tee ete eee UG Pieces see RGM So seeeeelne sacks Ventral see seer me ee oe oe chee seme cman a eesscemeescecosenemeee TiS ease 753) | |Eeosec ee | Beene Species, Cottus scorpius sub-species grénlandicus. Current number of specimen ---..--.---------- Jeceeeee 22,272 a. 22,272 0B. 22,272 ¢. NGO Gab ype tee mene ese ee a te tae ee tel elalrele lace Bucksport, Me. | Bucksport, Me. | Bucksport, Me. Milli- 100ths Milli- 100ths Milli- 100ths 0 metres.| jo) ngth. metres. * length. metres.| 1.) eth. Extreme length without candal....-..-...-.-...----- (ile | Pere aietnrs 1D) Me seecine 2 escent ae to end of middle caudal Ws coosas scopsosce= Sima peer Oe eerste 88, «|e eeee ase Hea Greatestwlen ethene es=ses som reee een eee ee eee eee AQ? il Sce seloee 396 ieee 39 Length of upper jaw - 18) Ve Sase2 LISS ote 18 Length OMAN GIDC Se ae etaia melee eee eee ella 2 eee sO | Reena 194 Current number of specimen .-..--------------------- 22,272 d. 27,272 e. 22,272 f. SOC Ait yee eee eee eee eRe Ee eee eee Bucksport, Me. | Bucksport, Me. | Bucksport, Me. arin. | 200ths | agini. | 200ths | ging. | 100ths ; metres. length. metres. length. metres.) 7 ength. Extreme length without caudal ........-.---.-------- 63.) |steeecce G4 A eee ecior 66) a2 --sace Length to end of middle caudal TAY Secs acacceenee eae 16 |csisees op TG) kesaene 80: i|Seeceene Head: Greatestilentthesses cesses a see ese er aes ane e em AQ NS eee 39) | sake 39 Length of upper A) SV = eee ete eee eet ee ee UT elertedaeete Lie aes ee 17 Length OfenanG bles ssn ee ease ese elena eects 20s eee ces 2010 PPasteee 19 Current number of specimen ...-....---------------- 22,272 g. 22,272 h. 22,272 t. AGOGO TG yatta ee a alee tele ee ole alate lete ete ellal Bucksport, Me. | Bucksport, Me. | Bucksport, Me. Milli- 100ths Milli- 100ths Millie 100ths metres.| rength, | Mets: jongth. metres.| 1 see Extreme length without caudal ...-.-..-.-.---.------ BSivi| ase nese BL ae seers 5 || saeeteee Length to end of middle caudal rays........-...--..-- Wiles Pees 63.) | Seeeoaet 00,3 a eer Head: Greatestilen oth s sss. oma ee nieeet ee ee emia ee) seme ar 40) Saaiescies I etere serra 39 Men eihiof uppers ja wiesa- sane eee ease eeectins | seaeneels 1b Wal esses 18 eco 174 Length of mandible.s)5. 3. wae scaee mecca enee | eee oe 197k ee OTe te ee 19 FISHES. 127 21. Cottus quadricornis Linn. Cottus quadricornis RicH., Last Arc, Voy., 1855, pp. 348-9: Giiwru., P. Z. S., 1877, p. 293. Richardson records the species from the Coppermine River region and Coronation Gulf (68° 30/ N., 110° W’.).—Giinther. 22. Cottus polaris Sabine. Cottus polaris RicH., Last Arc. Voy., 1855, p. 351. Richardson refers to this species as occurring at North Georgia, lat. 75° N., and at the Peninsula of Boothia. The radial formula appears to me more like that of a Centridermichthys than anything else, but the genus to which it properly belongs is uncertain. 23. Gymnacanthus pistilliger (Pall.) Gill, MS. Cottus ventralis Cuv. & VAUL., Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, p. 194: CoLieTtT, Christi- ania Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1878, No. 14, (p. 15). 21732. (1373.) Godthaab, Disko Id., Greenland, A. L. Kumlien. D. XII, I, 16. A.18. V.3. Ventrals nearly reach vent. 21733. (1374.) Godthaab, A. L. Kumlien. D. XII, 15. A. 19. V. 3. Ventrals reach fifth ray of anal. 21734. Godthaab. A. L. Kumlien. D. XI, 16. A. 18 V.3. Ventrals extend little more than half way to vent. 21735. Godthaab. A. L. Kumlien. D. XI, 17. A.18. V.3. Ventrals reach third ray of anal. 21736. Godthaab. A. L. Kumlien. D, XII, 17. A. 19. V. 3. Ventrals nearly reach vent. 21737. Godthaab. A. L. Kumlien. D. XII, J, 15. A. 18. V.3. Ventrals reach fourth ray of anal. 21741. (151.) Niantilic Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, A. L. Kumlien. 21743. (180.) Niantilic Harbor, A. L. Kumlien. 22332. Niantilic Harbor, Aug. 1876, Lieut. W. A. Mintzer. 17431. Christiania, Norway, M. G. Hetting, inspector of fisheries. D. XII, 14. A. 16. V.3. Ventrals reach fourth ray of anal. Dr. Liitken rejects the name Gymnocanthus, Swainson, because the genus was badly defined. There can be no difference of opinion as to the fact that the genus was poorly characterized ; but there is an attempt at definition and a reference to a figure of the type-species, so that one need not hesitate as to what is intended. If we begin to reject names of genera because they are not accompanied by complete descriptions, we may find it difficult to draw the line between what we shall accept and what we shall reject. In retaining Swainson’s name it may not 128 NATURAL HISTORY: OF ARCTIC AMERICA. be amiss to reproduce his description.* Concerning the specific name pistilliger, Dr. Liitken says:¢ ‘Influenced by Steindachner’s notice (Wien. Sitzungsb. 1876) on C. pistilliger, Pallas, I have sought informa- tion concerning this species in the Berlin Museum; the type is only a bad half skin preserved in spirits; Prof. Peters has been so obliging as to send it to me for investigation, and I have thereby been able to convince myself that the ‘pistils’ which Pallas describes as soft threads with spongy heads are in reality only the half cruciform, spiny scales which distinguish a certain part of the side of the body in C. tricuspis. Since the name ‘pistilliger’ is thus founded on a misapprehension, its reputed priority (1811) cannot require that it be given the preference over the next in the series, and we should therefore fix upon the name Phobetor ventralis, Cuv. & Val.” If we were to throw out all names which are based upon a misapprehension it would involve us in a great deal of unnecessary confusion, and it would be difficult to decide how far the elimination should proceed. The fact that Dr. Liitken could re- cognize the peculiarity in which the specific name originated is a sort of apology for its adoption by Pallas. 24. Icelus hamatus Kroyer. Icclus hamatus GUNTH., P. Z. §., 1877, pp. 293, 476. ‘ This species was collected in Discovery Bay, Franklin Pierce Bay, and at Cape Napoleon, in the month of August, by Captain Feilden, and in Franklin Pierce Bay, August 11, 1875, by Mr. C. Hart. 25. Triglops pingelii Reinh. Triglops pingelit GUNTH., P. Z. S., 1877, p. 476. Taken in Franklin Pierce Bay, August 11, 1875, by Mr. C. Hari, naturalist on board H. M. 8. ‘ Discovery.” | The United States Fish Commission has many specimens in its col- lections of 1877 and 1878. *Nat. Hist. Fishes, Amphibians, & Reptiles, II, London, 1839, pp. 181 & 271. p. 181. GyMNOCANTHUS. Nape of the head contracted; eyes with bony orbits. p. 271. GYMNOCANTHUS Sw. Resembling in general aspectthe last, (Cottus claviger, Cama.) but: there are no upper orbits; spines of the head few and naked ; ventral fins very long, and of 3 rays; dorsals distinct; the rays of the first naked on their terminal half (?); caudal fin truncate. G. ventralis, C. & V. iv, pl. 79, fig. 1. t Aftryk af Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening Kjébenhavn, 1876, p.10. FISHES. 129 Family, GASTEROSTEID. 26. Gasterosteus insculptus Rich. Gasterosteus insculptus Ricu., Last Are. Voy., 1855, p. 356, pl. xxv. The types were from Northumberland Sound, lat. 76° 53’ N. 27. Gasterosteus pungitius Linn., sub-species brachypoda Bean. In small streams on the sides of Oosooadlin Mountain, and in a little pond on the top, 1,500 feet above tide-level, Mr. Kumlien collected numerous examples of a many-spined stickleback, which resembles Gas- teroster:s pungitius Linn., in most particulars, but may be readily distin- guished from it by its very short ventral spines. The tables of measure- ments and radial formule appended will show other differences, which are, however, not so important. Description —tThe greatest height of body is contained 5? times in its length to origin of middle caudal rays (in gravid females, 44 times); the ereatest width, 10 times (in gravid females, 8 times). The height at ven- trals is contained 52 times in length of body (in gravid females, 5 times or slightly less). The least height of tail equals half the length of the first dorsal spine. The length of caudal peduncle is 4+ of length of body. The length of head equals 4 times the length of upper jaw, and is from 4 to s5 of length of body. The greatest width of head nearly equals length of middle caudal rays. The distance between the eyes equals the length of snout, which equals the length of antecedent spine Of soft dorsal. The length of the operculum equals the length of ventral spine, which is slightly less than a third of length of head. The length of mandible equals the long diameter of the orbit. The distance of the spinous dorsal from the snout is from 4 to ;3, of length of body, and is almost uniformly less than its length of base. The first and second spines of the dorsal are equal in length, and are about § as long as the ventral spine. The last spine of the dorsal is slightly less than the first. The antecedent spine of the second dorsal is some- what longer than the first of the spinous dorsal, and half as long as the first ray following it. The first ray of the soft dorsal is contained 84 times in length of body, and is three times as long as the last ray. The distance of the anal from the tip of snout equals 2 of length of body; its length of base is twice the length of its first and longest ray, and slightly less than 4+ of length of body. The anal spine is half as long as the first anal ray (in young individuals, 2). The length of the middle caudal rays is contained 84 times in length ot body; the length of external rays, 74 times. The distance of the pectoral from the tip of snout is contained 31 times Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 15 9 130 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. in the total, and about equals twice its own length. When expanded, the pectoral extends usually to the 7th dorsal spine (6th to 8th). The distance of the ventral from the tip of snout slightly exceeds 34 of length of bedy. The length of the ventral spine is always a little less than 4 of the length of the head. Radial formula.—D. TX-XI, I, 10-11; A.1,9-11; C. +,12,+; P.10; Vera: Color.—General color dull silvery, minutely punctulated with black ; upper half of body with large irregular areas of black; chin, throat, and abdomen black in males, silvery in the females studied. Nilsson records a similar condition in G. pungitius.* The relations of Gasterosteus pungitius var. brachypoda to the pungitius (= Pygosteus occidentalis (C. & V.) Brevoort) of New England are shown in the table of comparative measurements which follows. I do not use the name Pygosteus occidentalis, for the reason that our many-spined stickleback bearing that name shows no characters by which it may be separated from the Gasterosteus pungitius of Linné as a species, and the genus Pygosteus has nothing to exclude it from Gasterosteus. The genus Pygosteus, although credited to Brevoort, was not defined by him; it appears in Gill’s Cataloguet as a name only. The first to indicate characters by which it was thought the genus could be distinguished was Jordan; they are stated to be the following: “Dorsal spines 7 or more; sides mailed or not.”~ So far as the squamation is concerned, the collections of the United States National Museum show all sorts of individual variation, and justify the ground taken by Giinther in his arrangement of the varieties of G. aculeatus ; certainly, the squamation is not even of specific importance. The number of dorsal spines in the specimens of G. pungitius studied ranges from 7 to 11. In Gasterosteus inconstans,§ Kirtland, the range is from 3 to 6. I have seen a fresh- * Variat abdomine nigro.”—Prod. Ichth. Scand., 1832, p. 86. t Catalogue of the Fishes of the Eastern Coast of North America from Greenland to Georgia, by Theodore Gill, Jan. 1861, p. 39. t Manual of the Vertebrates of the Northern United States, 1876, p. 248. § Eucalia inconstans, Jordan, Manual of Vertebrates, 1876; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, p. 65. The generic characters ascribed to Eucalia are: (1) ‘Dorsal spines in a right line,” which is also true in Gasterosteus aculeatus, L.; even in the many-spined stickleback, G. pungitius, I have frequently seen the last four or five spines in a right line, while the anterior ones preserved their zigzag arrangement ; (2) “ Ventral plates coalesced into a narrow plate on the median line between the ventral fins,” just as in G. aculeatus and G. pungitius; (3) ‘A distinct sub-quadrate post-pectoral plate,” which is present in most sticklebacks; the ‘associated characters” indicated contain nothing generically distinctive. FISHES. 131 water stickleback from Maine,* which resembles G. pungitius in many respects, but has only 2 dorsal spines. The number of dorsal spines would seem, therefore, to be certainly of not more than specific value. Gasterosteus nebulosus seems to me to be separated from G. pungitius by no constant character, but only by its habitat. Gasterosteus mainensis is identical with G. pungitius. Apeltes (DeKay) Jordan is well separated from Gasterosteus by the structure of its pubic bones. The United States National Museum has received from the Musée ad’ Histoire Naturelle, of Paris, one of the types of Gasterosteus blanchardi Sauvage, described from specimens sent from Boston, United States. This species is our common many-spined stickleback, G. pungitius, as will appear from the table of measurements, and the name must be regarded as a synonym of the latter. Itis worthy of remark in passing that the shape of the post-pectoral plate in species of Gasterosteus, which has been employed as an important diagnostic character, is so variable, even on the two sides of the same fish, that it is not to be depended upon. The sticklebacks of eastern North America, so far as observed be me, may all be referred to the genera Apeltes and Gasterosteus. The basis of the foregoing description of tlie stickleback collected by Mr. Kumlien is the table of measurements which follows. Only 8 exam- | ples were measured, but these show the extremes of variation in the numerous specimens secured. In none of the individuals does the length of the ventral spine exceed one-third of the length of the head. Mr. Kumlien has sent me the following notes on the species: ‘‘The Gasterosteus was taken from a pond more than a thousand feet above the sea on the mountain side. Said ponds were not over 18 inches deep, and of course freeze solid in winter. In fact, there was but very httle water at the time I procured the fish. It is impossible that they could have come up.from below, as the pond empties by a series of perpendicular falls, some of them 30 feet or more. In my note-book I find that they were light greenish above, barred with dusky brown and black; beneath white, irregularly blotched with black. Caudal pe Male (?) with a crimson spot at base of pectoral fin.” * Gasterosteus Atkinsii Bean, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. ii, p. —. 132 NATURAL HISTORY OF Current number of specimen -} 21,738. | 21,771. | 21,766. 21,768. | 21,773. |21,773a.| 21,7738¢. | 21,773d. Cumberland Extreme length to origin of middle caudal TaYS 6 oce-2-- Length to end of external caudal MoV S seeitaey pis =e eleaite Body: Greatest height .....-.-.. Greatest width........... Height at ventrals.....-.-. Teast height of tail ...--.- Length of caudal peduncle Head: Greatest length .......... Greatest width’. .......... Width of interorbital area. Length of snout ........-- Length of operculum -.---- Length of upper jaw-..----- Length of mandible. .....- Diameter of orbit.......- Dorsal (spinous) : Distance from snout ..---.- Length of base --...------ Length of first spine. -.-.- Length of second spine - Length of last spine -..--- Dorsal (soft) : Length of base.-...-...-- Leng th of antecedent spine Length Ob Hrsb rays s-o-5- Length of longest ray .--- Length of last TAVAS Serene Anal: | Distance from snout------. Length of base -...--.---- Length of first spine....-- Length of first ray.-..-.-- Length of longest ray --.-..| Caudal: Length of middle rays - - -. Length of external rays -- Pectoral: Distance from snout ....-- Shen oth <3. sewer | Ventral: ‘ | Distance from snout -..--- Cand al pi ci2e ga lemews «be aon 5'3 Millimetres and POU LOLA s at layer isiet ajatie cles MEMtniL et ceS concelece tee e 100ths of length. i, 9 Millimetres and 100ths of length. - 05 - 045 - 26 «055 oe ag! . 04 -o7 -25 . 06 - 125 - 125 12 14 - 30 16 - 36 - 08 | ix, i, 10 | xi, i,11 i, 1 ia vy, 12, iv +12 +7412, +i 10 iol! ARCTIC AMERICA. Table of Measurements. Aver- ages. - 066 - O76 - 073. 276 ood . 0ST - 058 - 25 Cumberland Cumberland Cumberland xulf. Gulf. rm am. md. mo. mo. ro. qa gf | 28 | 36 | 28 | 38 | 38 oo | eo ll oo lwo ceimeo culeos £4 | 82 | 22 | #2 | #2 | 84 as | 35 | 88 | 2S | 35 | Bs as | Be | 85 | 35>) sane co oF Q | Young.) Young Gravid. |Gravid. | Spent. 47 52 57 28 31 53 59 63 65 32 35 ATS 23 22 18 aly .18 - 10 -13 7120) 125 - 10 08 17 -21 20 18 .16 .18 . 03 . 03 - 03 03 . 04 . 04 14 .14 14 14 14 14 .28 25 25 25 tl 28 12 .12 ELL 115 eel pill . 065 - 06 06 06 . 065 - 06 065 . 06 - 06 06 065 . 06 .09 . 08 . 08 08 - 08 . 09 07 - 06 . 06 - 06 07 07 - 08 - 07 - 07 07 . 08 08 075 - 07 07 07 - 08 08 28 27 - 25 26 . 28 2 ol 30 .33 . 34 . 34 .29 end 30507 Eeerene -05 - 95 - 06 . 06 . 06 06 . 055 - 06 . 06 - 06 . 04 05 . 045 05 - 05 06 - 26 24 20 25 . 24 20 . 055 - 06 - 055 06 mCi - 07 . 12 ~13 12 12 -12 12 112 .13 12 12 12 12 SOS -seaceas . 045 OAS BE rercieessa a | iereteteistoe -o9 . 63 - 60 . 63 - 60 BO . 24 . 24 .23 . 24 . 22 24 . 06 . 06 - 06 . 05 . 08 . 08 = 125 -12 .12 ost cae 12 e125 .12 .12 eR teiatets, ere 12 eabl mal -12 amide seKra ss .12 515} .13 .13 14 -13 13 32 . 30 29 28 . 32 29 16 mele . 16 - 155 aplid meld od - 36 . 34 . 36 . 34 . 36 -08 . 08 . 08 - 08 . 085 . 09 Kode ole xi, i, 11 | xi, i, 10 | xi, i, 11] x,i,10 ix, i, 10 oF 10 i, 10 i, 10 i, 10 sae i, 10 iv, 12, iv} v, 12, V. |v, kal Vien alee ++, 12, 10 10 10 10 i i1 il i1 | il ii ate a ale FISHES, Table of Comparative Measurements. 135 Gasterosteus | G. pungitius pungitius* | var. brachy- Linn. (aver- | poda Bean ages of 7 ex- | (averages of ainples). 8examples). 1000ths of 1000ths of length. length. Body: Greate sie ern Veet meme n erence ae meine” Semitic ars sete ate 170 . 187 (GTORHES UVC Mapeeet re eiteetemnte eel Saree= Sa meine eae = Sariayaalan ei actore mien 100 . 107 EEL Miu ag enna Steeee memes remesae lye eye a eerie seme Sheers 170 SFT IL GaN biel hit ssiailen mee com gee sree eek eyes wiceecin hake een esc . 036 . 032 eng Uheomeanedalepe dmelee sessment eee se eee os sete ae einen Sas 150 . 140 Head: Greaves ta em Ouse Seale = creche aielaistsie sais Se ae Aulaciyacw ec hnstesle/Sejeeele oe 265 . 265 Greahesinw Adu hia et sete ge sere ee ral tems ween ote See enue ha 110 .113 Width of interorbital area .............--.- eee eee Seen eee 062 . 060 HRen bh On SNO Mbt eae i a Ses 3 ew oy oisintoclc mee els ieeise wae aeie ciclo ele cic wictd 062 . 060 Perish OMOPEKCULUM Wer ene ee ee Aas er emee eee ne cs 084 . 080 Mensthvor Upper jawWescsa- aos 2 8 on Sacisices esas as se bee sou ones 070 . 066 Hbemeuhee turn db le sees eeramees eee aac Seen torent een eee he a - 080 . 076 Monica ether Oley eleerm setae ee at mney eee nia cee cae seeere - 082 . 073 Dorsal (spinous) : : AD ISLAN CEL OMESMOM Gye ese esate aces ae sem cae eee jece Family, CLUPEID. 36. Clupea harengus Linn. Clupea harengus Ricw., F. B. A., iii, 1836, p. 231. Richardson mentions the occurrence of the herring at Bathurst’s Inlet, 67° N., 1090 W. Milli- 22,000 B, o- ; Cumberland Gulf. tthe Milli- Fig. of S. Nar- est in P. Z.S., iii, 1877, pl. T,, 100ths of metres. tae eth. metres. length. 138 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. Family, SACCOPHARYNGIDA. 37. Saccopharynx flagellum Mitch. Ophiognathus ampullaceus HARWOOD, Phil. Trans., 1827, p. 49, pl. 7 (fide Rich. ). Saccopharynx ampullaceus Ricu., F. B. A., iii, 1836, p. 271. ‘¢'The individual described by Dr. Harwood, measuring four feet and a half in length, was captured in the entrance of Davis Strait, by Cap- tain Sawyer, of the ship Harmony.”—RIcH., l. ¢. U. S. NATIONAL MusEUM, April 3, 1879. SUPPLEMENTARY Novre.—The description of a species of Cottus from the United States by Sauvage* has just come to my notice. The sub- ject of the description and figure is undoubtedly the Cottus ceneus of Mitchill. May 23, 1879. * Cotius (Acanthocottus) anceps SAUVAGE, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum d@’Histoire Natu- relle, Paris, Deuxidme Série, Tome Premier, 1878, p. 145, pl. i, fig. xii. CRUSTACGCH A. By S. I. Sm1ruH. The following crustaceans were all collected in the Gulf of Cumber- land. Crangon boreas J. C. Fabricius (Phipps). A female (No. 145) 110™™ in length, “ Niantilic Island,” September 24, 1877. Hippolyte Groenlandica Miers (J. C. Fabricius). Two females: one (No. 1644) 100™™ in length, from stomach of Cottus scorpius, September 6, 1878; the other (No. 207) 80™™ long, from stom- ach of sculpin (No. 150), 1877. Hippolyte Fabricii Kroyer. A female (No. 537), 52™™ long, 7 fathoms, tide-hole, ““Annanactook Island,” June, 8, 1878; and a male (No. 862), 42™™ in length, head of Cumberland Gulf, June 29, 1878. Gammarus locusta J. C.Fabricius (= G. ornatus Milne-Edwards). “Penny Harbor, latitude 66°” (No. 225), October 4, 1877; ‘Arctic Isl- and,” low water (No. 65), September 13, 1877; ‘‘ Annanactook Harbor” (No. 576), June 20, 1878. Amathilla Sabini Bate and Westwood (Leach). Head of Cumberland Gulf (No. 86); ‘‘ Annanactook Harbor” (Nos. 584 and 593), 4 fathoms, June 19, 1878; (No. 585), Cumberland Gulf. Hyperia medusarum Bate (O. F. Miiller). ‘“‘Annanactook Harbor,” No. 586, June 19, 1878. Caprella septentrionalis Kroyer. , ‘“Annanactook Harbor” (No. 583), “caught through crack in ice, 4 fathoms, on kelp,” May 19, 1878; “Grave Island beach” (Nos. 626 and 627), June 27, 1878; (No. 420). Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Solander. Cumberland Gulf, at surface. 2 1 140 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. Balanus balanoides Stimpson. Large well-developed specimens, of the low, broad form. Arctic Island, September 13, 1877. This and the preceding were identified by Mr. EK. B. Wilson. There is also in the collection a specimen of Hyas araneus Leach (No. 1420), from “Godthaah, Greenland, September 11, 1878.” On its cara- pax were specimens of Balanus crenatus. ON NEED aS. By A. E. VERRILL. ANNELIDA. Harmothoe imbricata (L.) Malmgren. Penny Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, low-water, October 4, 1877, lot 23... Head of gulf, on gravel beach, May 28, and June 1, 1878, lots 642, 660, and 664. Nereis pelagica Linné. Penny Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, lat. 66°, low-water, October 4 and 5, 1877, lots 221, 222,237. Head of gulf, on gravel beach, May 28, 1878, lot 642. Phyllodoce Gronlandica (rsted (?). A specimen in bad state of preservation. Cumberland Gulf. Syllis, sp. Penny Harbor, low-water, October 4, 1877. Head of Cumberland Gulf, gravel beach, low-water, May 28, 1878. Cistenides granulata (Linné) Malmgren. Cumberland Gulf, low-water. Thelepus cincinnatus (Fabr.) Verrill. Amphitrite cincinnata FaBR., Fauna Gronl., p. 286, 1780. Thelepus circinnatus MALMGREN, Nordiska Hafs-Annulater, in Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 1865, p. 387, pl. xxii, fig. 58 (specific name in- correctly spelled). Inumara flava Stimpson, Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 30, 1853. Cumberland Gulf. Common on the American coast south to Cape Cod, and in deeper water as far as Long Island Sound. Malmgren and several other recent writers have erroneously written the name of this species “ circinnatus.” 141 142 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. Spirorbis lucidus (Mont.) Morch. Very common in Cumberland Gulf, on ascidians, alee polyzoa, ete., low-water to 9 fathoms; Penny Harbor, October 4; Annanactook Har- bor, May 20, 1878; head of the Gulf, May 28, 1878. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson. Cumberland Gulf, low-water. One specimen. GEPHYREA. Phascolosoma margaritaceum (Sars) Kor. & Dan. (?). Phascolosoma margaritaceum KOREN and DANIELSSEN, Fauna Litt. Norveg. ili, p. 135, pl. 15, figs. 43, 44, 1877. A large specimen, about 6 inches long, from the stomach of a Cottus, in Cumberland Sound, September 6, 1878 (lot 1685), probably belongs to this species. Total length 150"™; diameter of body, 18™™; length of proboscis from anal opening to end, 112™. Body large, round, abruptly rounded posteriorly, with a sight mammilla at the tip; anteriorly it tapers gradu- ally into the proboscis, which is long and becomes slender toward the end. The surface appears nearly smooth to the eye, except that there are more or less irregular transverse wrinkles and slightly raised folds. Under a lens it is seen to be everywhere finely transversely wrinkled and striated, and in many parts reticulated with longitudinal wrinkles, while small, depressed, sucker-like organs are scattered over the surface of the body and base of the proboscis; at the posterior end of the body the longitudinal wrinkles become distinct grooves, converging to the tip, with rows of suckers between them, and the circular wrinkles, crossing the interspaces, are conspicuous. The proboscis is destitute of papille and hooks, and is smoother than the body, with faint indications of transverse lighter and darker bands of color. Tentacles numerous, slender. Internally the two dorsal retractors arise only a short distance behind the anal opening, their bases being wide apart toward the sides. The ventral retractors, arising near the middle of the body, are large and stout, with their thick bases close together, barely leaving space for the nervous cord to pass between them. Segmental organs large, thick, cylindrical, obtuse, dark brown, about 25™™ long and 3™™ in diameter ; their openings somewhat in advance of the origin of the dorsal retrac- tors and lower down onthe sides. Intestine very long, forming a double coil of numerous turns, filling the posterior part of the body to the end. Generative organ voluminous, surrounding the intestine. A slender te te a ae ANNELIDES. 143 transverse muscle passes from the rectum to the opposite side of the body, and the rectum is attached to the adjacent wall by a large bundle of muscular fibers. Muscles of the body-wall form a continuous layer, with- out distinct fascicles. NEMERTINA. Amphiporus Stimpsoni Verrill. Ommatoplea Stimpsoni GIRARD, in Stimpson, Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 28, fig. 18, 1853. Gravel beach, low-water, Cumberland Gulf, June 1, 1878, lot 663. “‘Color, deep purplish brown above, lilac beneath.” Also from reef in Penny Harbor, October 5, 1877, lot 222. Amphiporus, sp. Body thick, depressed, somewhat tapered to both ends, 25™™ to 35™™ long, as contracted in alcohol. Head with a small roundish cluster of minute ocelli on the pale antero-lateral margins. Neck with a slightly marked transverse groove, converging backward in form of a V, on the ' dorsal surface. Color, in alcohol, dark bluish green; the under surface and margins of head yellowish white. In life, “bright pea-green.” Penny Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, lat. 66°, October 4, 1877, lot 225. Arctic Island, low-water, September 13, 1877, lot 66. MEO sin SS, LIST OF SHELLS OBTAINED BY MR. LUDWIG KUMLIEN, NATURALIST TO THE HOWGATE EXPEDITION, 1877-78, AT POINTS IN CUMBERLAND SOUND, ARCTIC REGIONS, WEST FROM BAFFIN’S BAY. aS MiVoad sly ID aw by, The locality at which the schooner Florence, conveying the party, made her winter quarters, according to Mr. Kumlien’s report, was not favorable for extensive collections in any department. The prevalence of ice in the irregularities of the sound and other cir- cumstances, especially the abrupt and rocky character of the shores, rendered it difficult to obtain specimens of invertebrates, which in point ot fact were all collected at a few small areas of beach, some of which were a long distance from winter quarters. Nevertheless, when the difficulties are considered, the results are very creditable to Mr. Kumlien’s energy and perseverance, and are not with- out value for the study of geographical distribution. The number of specimens is small; but twenty-four species are repre- sented, some of which were also obtained by a party under Lieutenant Mintzer, U.S. N., who explored for minerals in nearly the same region a year or two previous to the visit of the Florence. As was to be expected, none of the species are new: Modiolaria faba Fabr., which has almost been lost sight of by naturalists, and Glyci- meris Kurriana Dkr., a species whose validity has been much questioned, were among the most interesting forms obtained. The species are as follows (those with an asterisk are represented by only one or two specimens, and only Buccinum gronlandicum was at all numerous): *Ommastrephes iilecebrosa, Lesteur. * Buccinum glaciale, Linné. * Buccinum ciliatum, Fabr., var. Molleri, Rve. * Buccinum humphreysianum, Bennett (probably). * Buccinum belcheri, Rve. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 15 10 145 146 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. Buccinum tenebrosum, Hancock, (typical). Buccinum groénlandicum, Chemn. * Trophon truncatus, Strom. Margarita umbilicalis, Brod. & Sby. Margarita helicina, Fabr., vars. Litorina gronlandica, Morch. Acmeea testudinalis, Linné. Aeolidia papillosa, Linné. * Dendronotus reynoldsii, Couthouy. Mya truncata, Linné. * Glycimeris Kurriana, Dkr. On mud fats. Saxicava arctica, Linné. * Astarte borealis, Gray ; attached to kelp. * Turtonia minuta, Fabr.; in nest of Modiolaria. Modiolaria, levigata, Gray. Modiolaria discors, Linné. Modiolaria (Crenella) faba, Fabr. Chiton (Tonicella) marmorea, Fabr. Iehynchonella psittacea, Fischer; dead broken valves, apparently dis- gorged by some bird, were found on the hills at a considerable distance from the sea. They are evidently not fossil, and are-probably to be found living in suitable places at low-water mark. NOVEMBER 26, 1378. MOLLUS COLDS: By A. E. VERRILL. TUNICATA. Ascidiopsis complanata Verrill. Ascidia complanata FaBr., Fauna Groénlandica, p. 332, 1780.—VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci. i, p. 98, 1871, fig. 11. Ascidia callosa STIMPSON, Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 19, 1853. Ascidiopsis complanata VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci. iii, p. 289, pl. viii, f. 8, 1872. Some of the young specimens are transtucent pale olive; others are older, with a dark olive-brown, thicker, and rougher test. It appears to be the most common species. It is broadly attached by one side, obliquely, and both tubes are on the upper side, near one end. They are both short and broad. Lot No. 235, Penny Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, at low-water, Octo- ber 4, 1877. No. 592, head of Cumberland Gulf, attached to roots of kelp, May 19,1878. No. 595, Cumberland Gulf, May, 1878. No. 664, head of Cumberland Gulf, on gravel beach, June 1, 1878. Halocynthia Verrill = Cynthia Savigny (non Fabr., 1808). The name Oynthia having been preoccupied, and no other tenable name having been given to the group, I propose to substitute Halo- cynthia for the typical section of Savigny’s genus, characterized by the square apertures, compound tentacular appendages of the mantle, and the development of two ovaries. The other subdivisions established by Savigny appear to be of generic value, in the modern sense. Halocynthia rustica Verrill. Ascidia rustica LINNE.—FABRICIUS, Fauna Grénlandica, p. 330, 1780, pars. Ascidia monoceros MOLLER, Kréyer’s Naturhist. Tidssk., vol. iv, p.95, 1842. Ascidia condylomata PACKARD, Mem. Boston Soc, Nat. Hist., i, p. 277, 1867. Cynthia monoceros VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. i, p. 93, 1871. Distinguished by the irregular, unequal warts and tubercles of the surface, the larger ones mostly situated above the middle, and by the more or less prominent subconical tubercle at the summit, between the bases of the tubes. This terminal tubercle is often surmounted by sev- eral hard chitinous points, and in the young a similar point often occurs 147 148 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. on some of the other tubercles. The form of the body is more or less cylindrical, often two inches or more high and one in diameter, after preservation in alcohol. The tubes are terminal and divergent. Color, in life, reddish. The very young specimens are low and nearly flat in contraction, and nearly smooth. It is common on the Grand Banks, where it grows to a large size. It has not been found on the New England coast. Lot No. 592, head of Cumberland Gulf, attached to roots of kelp, May 19, 1878. Both adult and young. Halocynthia echinata Verrill. Ascidia echinata LINNE.—FABRICIUS, Fauna Gronlandica, p. 331. Cynthia echinatu Strmp., Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 20, 1854.—BINNEY, in Gould, Invert. of Mass., p. 18, pl. xxiii, fig. 3260.—V&ERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci. i, p. 96,. 1871. Lot No. 596, Cumberland Gulf, May 10, 1878. Besides the two species of this genus brought home by the expedi- tion, the following occur on the American coast north of Cape Cod: H. pyriformis (Rathke), Southern New England to Greenland ; H. vil- losa (Fabr.), perhaps young of the preceding, Labrador to Greenland; _H. tuberculum (Fabr.) = Cynthia carnea (Ag.) Verrill = C. placenta Pack- ard (young), Cape Cod to Greenland; H. pulchella Verrill (as Cynthia), Eastport, Me., to Grand Banks; H. partita (Stimp.), Massachusetts Bay to North Carolina. POLYZOA. Crisia eburnea (L.) Lamouroux. Gulf of Cumberland. One specimen. Diastopora patina (Lam.) Smitt. Annanactook Harbor, on Laminaria, 7 fathoms, May 19; and on Halocynthia rustica, head of Cumberland Gulf, May 5, 1878. Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell. Gulf of Cumberland, on alge. Godthaab, Greenland, on carapax of ' Hyas araneus. Gemellaria loricata (Linné) Busk; Smitt. Gemellaria dumosa STIMPSON, Invert. of Grand Manan. Specimens three inches high, Penny Harbor, Cumberland Gulf, low- water, October 4, 1877, lots 226 and 238, covered with fry of Crenella faba; same locality, May 28, 1878. MOLLUSCOIDS. 149 -Cellaria articuiata Smitt, ex Fabricius. Salicornaria borealis Busk. Cellaria borealis SMiTT, Ofversigt af Kong]. Vet.-Akad. Foérh. 1867, p. 361, tab. Sou Oe SO". On Halocynthia rustica, attached to roots of Laminaria. Head of Cumberland Gulf, May 19, 1878, lot 592. Some of the specimens are very young, with only a single clavate joint; others are nearly two inches high, and beginning to branch. Membranipora Sophie Busk. With the last (lot 592). Also from Annanactook Harbor, May 19, 1878, on roots of Laminaria, 7 fathoms. Escharina ansata (Johnst.) Gray. Mollia vulgaris, forma ansata SMITT, Oversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akad. Foérh. 1867, p. 14, tab. xxv, f. 78-83, 1867. Several specimens occurred on the roots of Laminaria, 7 fathoms, An- nanactook Harbor, May 19, 1878 (lot 597). Some agree with the var. ansata Smitt (Lepralia ansata Johnst.), but in most cases there are well- developed calcareous papille near the sides of the apertures as in the var. papillata. I adopt the generic name EHscharina given by Milne Edwards to a group, including the present species, in 1835 (in Lamarck, An. sans Vert., ed. 2, vol. ii, pp. 218, 230), and for which he cited as the type E. vulgaris (Moll.). Dr. Gray (List Brit. Animals in British Museum, p. “124, 1848) also restricted the name to the same and closely allied spe- cies. Dr. Smitt, however, united this group with Hippothoa, which seems to be a sufficienty distinct genus. The restricted genus Hscharina, as I limit it, is characterized by the well-marked median sinus of the apertures of the zozecia, together with the lateral avicularia, usually developed near one or both sides of the apertures. The mode of growth is usually Lepralia-like, but may also be Escharine. It is therefore equivalent, or nearly so, to the genus Schizoporella, recently proposed by Hincks for the same typical species. The genus Hscharoides, proposed by Edwards in the same work, has also been incorrectly used by some writers; for although Gray re- stricted it, in 1848, to one of the original species, H. coccinea (Abildg.), thus making it equivalent, in part, to Discopora Smith, the last-named writer has applied it to a group, typified by H. rosacea, not included by Edwards. As the name should be restored, in accordance with Gray’s limitation, I have proposed elsewhere the name Lscharopsis, as a substi- tute for Escharoides of Smitt, including two Northern Atlantic species 150 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. (BE. lobata (Lamx.)=L. Sarsii Smitt, and EL. rosacea), both common in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This genus, with an Escharine growth, has aper- tures much as in Hscharina, except that the lateral avicularia are situ- ated within their borders by the side of the sinus. Discopora Lam., following Edwards, should be restricted to forms like D. Skenei, with median avicularia, the type of Lamarck being D. verru- cosa, a species closely related to D. Skenei, but not the Cellepora verru- cosa of Esper, a very different form, to which Gray erroneously restricted this generic name. Celleporella hyalina ‘L.) Gray. Cellepora hyalina LINNE. Mollia hyalina SMiTT, op. cit. p. 16, tab. xxv, f. 84, 85. Hippothoa hyalina Smit, Florida Bryozoa. Very common, Annanactook Harbor, 7 fathoms, on Laminaria, May 19, and 9 fathoms, May 20, 1878, lot 570. Penny Harbor, low-water, on Margarita helicina, October 4, 1877, lot 226. Gravel beach, head of Gulf of Cumberland, May 28, 1878, lot 642, and on Halocynthia rustica, lot. 572, May 19. eee AES: By A. E. VERRILL. ECHINODERMATA. Pentacta frondosa Jeger (Gunner, sp.). Cucumaria frondosa FORBES, Brit. Starfishes, 1841.—DUBEN and KoREn, 1844, One large specimen, Godthaab, Greenland, August 11, 1878. Strongylocentrotus Drdobachiensis A. Agassiz. Penny Harbor, Gulf of Cumberland, reef at low-water, October, 4, 1877, lot 420. Leptasterias Gronlandica Verrill. Asteracanthion Grénlandicus STEENST.—LUTKEN, Oversigt over Grénlands Echino- dermata, p. 29, 1857. Head of Gulf of Cumberland, Niantilic Harbor, lot 144; low-water, September 25, 1877, lot 179; Arctic Island, lot 66; Penny Harbor, lat. 66°, at low-water, October 4, 1877, lot 224; also same locality, lot 290. Leptasterias Mulleri Verrill, 1866. Asteracanthion Mulleri Sars, Fauna Litt. Norveg., i, p. 56, f. 38,39; Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 88. Annanactook Harbor, 4 fathoms, May 19, 1878, lot 580. Stephanasterias albula Verrill. Asteracanthion albulus STIMPSON, Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 14, fig. 5, 1853. Asteracanthion problema STEENSTRUP.—LUTKEN, op. cit. p. 30. Common in Cumberland Gulf. Gravel beach at the head of the gulf, ete. The only lot with the date remaining is 649, May 30, 1878. With lot 725 is the following note: “‘ Dull lilac above, yellowish white beneath.” All the specimens are young, with the rays irregular in length and variable in number. The genus Stephanasterias, proposed by me for this species several years ago, is characterized by a peculiar structure of the skeleton and spines as well as by its remarkable method of fission, so well elucidated by Dr. Liitken. When adult, there are usually six regular equal rays, such specimens becoming four or five inches in diameter. But in smaller specimens, still undergoing self division, there are usually two to four 151 152 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. longer rays, with three to five shorter reproduced rays.on one side. The rays are rounded, and uniformly covered with small clustered spinules, arranged in divergent groups on each plate. The plates are regularly arranged, both transversely and longitudinally, and more closely anited than in Asterias and Leptasterias. The plates of the ventral rows are directly united with the adambulacral, so as to leave no spaces between tor the papule, which are, therefore, absent along the ventral surface next the adambulacral plates ; on the dorsal surface they are usually arranged in pairs. The major pedicellarie are arranged along the edges of the amnbulacral grooves, and a few usually occur in the adoral angles, between the bases of the rays. Ophioglypha nodosa Lyman. Ophiura nodosa LUTKEN, Addit. ad Hist. Ophiuridarum, p. 48, pl. ii, fig. 9, a-b, 1858. Lot 249. Annanactook Harbor, low-water, October 7, 1877. ‘‘Color crimson.” HYDROIDA. Seriularia argentea Ellis and Sol. Gravel beach, head of Cumberland Gulf, low-water, May 28, 1878. Halecium tenellum Hincks. Gravel beach, head of Cumberland Gulf, low-water, lot 642, May 28, 1878. Obelia, sp. With last. Also from Penny Harbor, low-water, October 4, 1877, attached to Acidiopsis complanata. ANTHOZOA. Urticina crassicornis Eh:enberg, 1834. Actinia crassicornis MULLER, Prodromus, 1776. Tealia crassicornis Goss, Ann. Nat. Hist.; Actinologia Brit., p. 209, pl. iv, fig. 1. Rhodactinia Davisii AG.—VERRILL, Revision Polyps, in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. i, p. 13, (author's copies, 1864). Head of Cumberland Gulf, low-water, lot 667, on roots of Lami- naria. Annanactook Harbor, May 19, 1878. Bunodes spectabilis Verrill. Actinia spectabilis FaBRictIuS, Fauna Groéulandica, p. 342, 1780. Bunodes stella VERRILL, Revision of Polyps Eastern Coast of U. S., in Mem. Bos- ton Soc. Nat. Hist. i, p. 16, pl. i, figs. 1-8, 1864. A more extensive acquaintance with this species, and a careful com- parison with the description of Fabricius had, some time ago, caused me to unite my B. stella with the Greenlandic species (see Cheek-list of RADIATES. 153 Marine Invertebrata), although it had not been recorded from any local- ity between the Bay of Fundy and Greenland. The numerous specimens in this col‘ection serve to confirm that conclusion. Common at low-water in the Gulf of Cumberland (lots 179, 237, 664), Penny Harbor, October 4, lot 237. Gravel beach, head of gulf, June 1, 1878. PORIFERA. Two or three species of sponges, not yet determined, are in the collec- tion. The most interesting, as well as most common one, forms elongated, erect, rather flaccid tubes, two or three inches high and .25 to .35 in diameter, open at top. ‘It occurred on the gravel beach, head of the gulf, attached to stones, June 13, 1878, lot 770; also in lot 643. onde Jes. iy ¥ eV an , ea fede bik ake DATA Deen Aue Lal ‘ - A a aN oe buco lee DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA, By W. H. EDWARDS. Family, PAPILIONIDA. Sub-family, PAPILIONIN 2. Genus, Colias, Fabricius. 1. C. Hecla, Lefebvre. One female was taken at Quickstep Harbor, Gulf of Cumberland, lati- tude 66°. This species inhabits Southern Greenland and regions to the westward. It has been attributed to Iceland, but, as is now supposed, erroneously. It also inhabits Southern Lapland. Mr. M’Lachlan, in his Report on the butterflies collected by the recent. British Arctic Expedition, states that C. Hecla was taken as far north as latitude 81° 45’, at Hayes Sound; and he gives information obtained from Captain Feilden, R. N., attached to the Alert as naturalist, on the habits of Lepidoptera in these high latitudes. ‘During the short period when there is practically no night, butterflies are continuously on the wing, supposing the sun’s surface not to be obscured by clouds or pass- ing snow showers. That about one month in each year is the longest period in which it is possible for these insects to appear in the perfect state, and that about six weeks is the limit of time allowed to plant- feeding larvee, during all the rest of the year the land being under snow and ice.” Mr. M’Lachlan doubts if there is sufficient time in each year for the preparatory stages of the butterfly,—egg, larva, and chrysalis,— and is disposed to think that more than one year is necessary. In the northern United States, the larvee of Colias frequently pass the winter when half-grown, or even younger, and I think it probable this is the habit ot Hecla. From two to three weeks at the end of the short Arctic summer, and less time at the beginning in the following year, would seem to suf- fice for the whole round of transformations. In Dr. Staudinger’s Catalogue, Colias Boothii, Curtis, is put down as a synonym of Hecla; but, in the opinion of Mr. M’Lachlan, the two are distinct species. 155 156 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. It is remarkable that the collection of butterflies made by the British Expedition, between latitude 78° and 82°, well toward the Arctic Sea, should exhibit a greater number of species, namely, 5, than is known in Southern Greenland, where we are told but 4 species have hitherto been taken, and this northern series does not embrace the genus Chionobas, one or two species of which are found in Greenland. Besides C. Hecla and Argynnis Polaris, taken by Mr. Kumlien, were Argynnis Charidea, Lycena Aquilo, and, most surprising of all, Chrysophanus Phleas, a species represented throughout the northern United States under a slightly different form, Americana. family, NYMPHALIDA). Sub-family, NyMPHALINA. Genus, Argynnis, Fabricius. 1. A. Freya, Thunberg. T'wo males were taken in Southwest Greenland. This species is dis- tributed over the boreal regions of both continents; in America, from Greenland to Alaska; and it follows the Rocky Mountains as far to the south as Colorado. It is subject to very little variation. 2. A. Polaris, Boisduval. One male was taken at Quickstep Harbor. This species is more re- stricted in distribution than Freya, and, so far as known, is limited to Northeast America, from Labrador to the Arctic Sea. It was taken by the British Expedition as far to the north as latitude 81° 52’, and by the American Expedition (Polaris) at 81° 50’. _ it varies much in color, and the example sent me by Mr. Kumlien is remarkably melanic on the upper surface, the hind wings especially showing scarcely any fulvous. Sub-family, SATYRIN 2. Genus, Chionobas, Boisduval. 1. C. Semidea, Say. Oeno, Boisduval. Two males were taken at Quickstep Harbor. One of these has the upper Surface dark blackish-brown, and the discal belt on hind wings beneath distinctly outlined on both edges. The other is light or pale black-brown, and the belt is almost lost in the dense markings which cover the wing. But specimens from the White Mountains of New Hampshire show similar variation. This species inhabits Labrador, and the Rocky Mountains at very high altitudes as far south as Colo- INSECTS. 157 rado.and New Mexico. In the White Mountains it is abundant on the summit of Mount Washington; but in the territory between this region and Labrador it is unknown, as also between Mount Washington and the Rocky Mountains. How far to the northwest of the continent it flies is not known to me. It has not appeared in collections from Alaska, in which Freya was represented in considerable numbers. The peculiar distribution of this species, C. Semidea, by which it inhabits mountain summits thousands of miles apart and not the intervening country, and in the White Mountains of New Hampshire is thoroughly isolated and restricted to a very small area, is explained as in the case of plants similarly distributed and isolated (address of Prof. Asa Gray, Dubuque, 1872). The advance to the southward of the glacial ice pushed before it multitudes of plants and animals, forcing them along very distant lines of longitude in many cases; and when the re- ceding of the ice took place, and a milder temperature began to prevail, some species which had obtained a foothold at the south remained there, finding a climate in which they could live, upon lofty mountains only, being unable to exist in the lowlands. In the case of this butterfly, such a climate was found at or near the snow-line in the Rocky Mount- ains, and upon the summits of the White Mountains. oe i fe iM bai’ tL wee Syn ts INSH CTS, HYMENOPTERA, NOCTURNAL LEPIDOPTERA, DIPTERA, COLEOPTERA, NEUROPTERA, AND ARACHNIDA. By S. H. ScUDDER AND OTHERS. The insects collected by Mr. Kumlien were very few in number, amount- ing to only sixteen species ; and they appear to add little to our previous knowledge of the fauna. Nevertheless, as all lists from high northern localities possess a certain importance, the following is given. The Hymenoptera were determined by Mr. I. T. Cresson; the report on the Lepidoptera is by Mr. A. R. Grote; Mr. E. Burgess has named the Dip- tera, Dr. J. L. LeConte the Coleoptera, Dr. H. Hagen the Neuroptera, and Mr. J. H. Emerton the Arachnid.—SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. The Diurnal Lepidoptera were placed in the hands of Mr. W. H. Edwards for examination, and appear on pp. 155-157. HYMENOPTERA. 1. No. 944. Bombus lacustris Cress. One specimen; American Harbor, Gulf of Cumberland, July 6, 1878. 2. No. 1287. Bombus sp. near B. scutellaris Cress., and probably B. gren- landicus Smith. One specimen; Godhavn, Greenland, August 3, 1878. 3. No. 1431. Limneria sp. (not described). One specimen; Disko Fjord, Disko Island, Greenland, August 9, 1878. NOCTURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. 4. Laria Rossii Curtis, Appendix to the Second Voyage of Sir J. Ross, Ixi, PIA, fig. 10. , The specimens belonging to this species are (1) a dried larva, black, _ with yellowish brown hairs, and on each side a row of yellow tufts, arcti- iform; (2) a slight cocoon formed of the larval hair like those of the genus Orgyia; (3) a single worn male specimen of the moth. The speci- mens were collected at Annanactook, Cumberland Island, the latter part 159 160 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. of June. The cocoon has attached to it a fragment of a lichen and several coniferous needles, and was evidently formed on the ground; these objects are merely slightly attached and form no part of the struc- tureitself. The cocoon, which is close in texture, yet very frail and light, contains the black and shining pupa, which is unusually thickly clothed with brownish hair. Curtis says of this species: ‘It is a very abundant insect, especially in the caterpillar state, for about a hundred were collected on the 16th of June 1832, near Fury Beach.” His description of the larva does nou well accord with the present specimen. He says: ‘The caterpillar is large and hairy, and of a beautiful shining velvety black, the hairs being - somewhat ochreous; there are two tufts of black hair on the back, fol- lowed by two of orange.” His description of the pupa and web, as well as of the perfect insect, agrees with the specimens now received. He gives the food-plant of the larva as Saaxifraga tricuspidata and S. oppositifolia. IT have recorded (Psyche, 1, 131) the occurrence of this species above the tree-line on Mount Washington, N. H. It is another instance of the distribution of our existing species of moths, through the agency of the change in climate attending the Glacial Epoch. 5. No. 1431. Anarta melanopa (Thunb.). A single specimen collected at Disko Fjord, Disko Island, August 9, 1878. This species has been taken above timber-line, 13,000 feet eleva- tion, by Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, on Taos Peak, Rocky Mountains. It is found also in Labrador, and has been collected by Mr. George Dimmock near the summit of Mount Washington. G: Novag, A single specimen of a small dusky gray moth too much rubbed for positive identification and otherwise mutilated. The eyes are naked, the ocelliapparent. It was taken at Kikkerton Island, Gulf of Cumber- land, July 25, 1878. DIPTERA. 7. No. 1061. Culex sp. One specimen; American Harbor, Gulf of Cum- berland, July 10, 1878. 8. Nos. 1061, 1127. Tipula arctica Curt. Two specimens; American Har- bor, Gulf of Cumberland, July 10, 1878; and Kikkerton Island, Gulf of Cumberland, July 25, 1878. 9. No. 1431. Rhamphomyia sp., perhaps R. nigrita Zett. Two specimens; Disko Fjord, Disko Island, Greenland, August 9, 1878. INSECTS. | 161 10. \ Tachinid of unrecognizable genus; two pupa cases and a fly which has escaped from one in confinement, with crumpled wings; found parasitic on the larva of Laria Rossii, Annanactook, Cumberland Sound. 11. No. 12-3. Caliiphora erythrocephala Meig. One specimen; Godthaab, Greenland. 12. No. 1098. Scatophaga apicalis Curt. (=? S. squalida Meig.). One specimen ; off shore, American Harbor, Cumberland Sound, July 13, 1878. COLEOPTERA. 13. No. 1061. Amara hematopus Dej. (Feronia); Stereocorus similis Kirby. One specimen; American Harbor, Cumberland Sound, July 10, 1878. The species is found generally throughout sub aretic America. 14. No. 1641. Agabus (Gaurodytes) tristis Aubé. Five specimens in poor preservation; Lake Caroline Mann, Cumberland Island, Sep- tember 1, 1878. The species is abundant in Alaska and extends down to California in the Sierra region. NEUROPTERA. 15. No. 1641. A Limnophilid, perhaps an Halesus. Several larval cases with dried larve in some of them ; the cases are composed of minute scales of mica. . Lake Caroline Mann, Cumberland Island, September 1, 1878. ARACHNIDA. 16. No. 1061. Lycosa sp., probably L. grenlardica Thor. One dried specimen; American Harbor, Cumberlard Sound, July 10, 1878. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 15 ey FAN AS. LIST OF THE PLANTS COLLECTED AT POINTS IN CUMBERLAND SOUND BETWEEN THE SIXTY-SIXTH AND SIXTY-SEVENTH PARALLELS OF NORTH LATITUDE AND ON THE SOUTH SHORES OF DISKO ISLAND, GREENLAND. By ASA GRAY. The Howgate Expedition arrived in Cumberland Sound about the middle of September, 1877; the ground was then covered with snow, but this melted on the southern slopes some days later, and exposed a few plants still in flower, Campanula rotundifolia, Lychnis apetala, Stella- ru longipes, var. Hdwardsii, &c. In the succeeding summer the Florence left her winter-harbor early in July, and while there was yet considerable snow remaining in the valleys. At the time we left our winter-quarters there were but four or five plants in flower in the vicinity, such as Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Cochlearia officinalis, Saxifraga stellata, and Saxifraga rivularis, var. hyperborea. Pyrola rotundifolia, var. pumila, showed buds on a southern slope by the last day of May, but the same plants were not in flower by July 7. The season appeared to be unusually backward, frequent snow-storms prevailing till the latter days of June. At America Harbor, on the east side, and nearly opposite Annanac- took, the winter-harbor, plants were in much richer profusion and ap- parently more than a week earlier than at the former place. As large a number of plants were collected here as our short stay would admit of. A few days were also spent at the Kikkerton Islands, and such of the islands as were accessible to us faithfully hunted over, but many species were not yet in flower. On the south shores of Disko Island, Greenland, we collected for a few days in August, and here the bulk of our plant-collection was made. Many species were found here that we had collected in Cumberland, but they were strikingly more luxuriant and generally quite abundant. In the following list the species collected at points in Cumberland Sound will be indicated by the letter C; those from Disko Island, Greenland, by the letter G.—L. K. 163 164 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA. Thalictrum alpinum, L. G. Ranunculus nivalis, L. C. Ranunculus afinis, KR. Br. C. Ranunculus, not identified. Papaver nudicaule, L. Cand G. Arabis alpina, L. G and C. Cochlearia officinalis, L. C. Cochlearia arctica, Schl. G. Draba stellata, Jacq. C. Draba stellata, var. nivalis, Reg]. C. Draba crassifolia, Grah. G. Draba hirta, L. C. Silene acaulis, L. C and G. Iychnis alpina, L. G. Lychnis apetala, L. C. LIychnis afinis, Wahl. C and G. Cerastium alpinum, L. C and G. Stellaria longipes, Goldie. Stellaria longipes, var. Hdwardsit. CO and G. Arenaria peploides, L. G. Dryas octopetala, L. Dryas octopetala, var. integrifolia, Ch. & Sch. C and G. Potentilla nivea, L. C. , Potentilla maculata, Pour. C. Sibbaldia procumbens, L. G. Alchemilla vulgaris, L. G. Savifraga rivularis, lL. C. Saxifraga rivularis, var. hyperborea, Hook. C. Saxifraga cernua, L. G. Saxifraga stellaris, lL. C. Saxifraga nivalis, L. C and G. Saxifraga cespitosa, L. C and G. Saxifraga tricuspidata, Retz. C and G, Saxifraga oppositifolia, L. C. Epilobium latifolium, L. Cand G. Archangelica officinalis, L. G. Erigeron uniflorum, L. G. Gnaphalium Norvegicum, Gunn. G. Antennaria alpina, L. G and ©. PLANTS. 165 Arnica alpina, Murr. G. Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf. G and U. Taraxacum palustre, DC. C. Campanula rotundifolia, L. C and G. Campanula uniflora, L. G. Vaccinium uliginosum, L. Cand G. (var.) Arctostaphylos alpina, L. C and G. Cassiope hypnoides, Don. C and G. Cassiope tetragona, Don. C and G. Bryanthus taxifolius, Gray. G. Rhododendron Lapponicum, Wahl. C and G. Ledum palustre, L. Cand G. Loiseleuria procumbens, Desv. C and G. Pyrola rotundifolia, L. Pyrola rotundifolia, var. pumila, Hook- © and G. Diapensia Lapponica, L. C and G. Armeria vulgaris, L. C and G. Veronica alpina, L. G. Euphrasia officinalis, L. G. Bartsia alpina, Ll. G. Pedicularis Langsdorfii, Fisch. G. Pedicularis Langsdorfii, var. lanata. Pedicularis hirsuta, L. C and G. | Pedicularis flammea, L. G. Pedicularis Lapponica, L. G. Mertensia maritima, Don. G. Oxyria digyna, Campd. C and G. Polygonum viviparum, L. C and G. EXmpetrum nigrum, Ll. C. Betula nana, L. C and G. Salix herbacea, L. C and G. Salix glauca, L. C. Salix arctica, R. Br.? C. Habenaria albida, R. Br. G. Habenaria hyperborea, R. Br. G. New to Greenland! Tofieldia borealis, Wahl. C and G. Inzula spadicea, DC. C. LInuzula spadicea, var. parviflora, Mey. G. Inzula arcuata, Wahl. C. 166 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA, Lezula arcuata, var. hyperborea. C, Driophorum Scheuchzeri, Hoppe. ©. Lriophorum vaginatum, lL. C. Lriophorum polystachyum, L. ©. Carex lagopina, Wahl. G. Carex rigida, Good. G. Carex rariflora, Wahl. G. Hierochloa alpina, L. ©. ‘Alopecurus alpinus, L. G. Poa alpina, L. C and G. Festuca ovina, Ll. C. Festuca ovina, var. breviflora. ©. Glyceria angustata, R. Br. G. Woodsia hyperborea, R. Br. G. Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. G. Aspidium Lonchitis, Sw. G. Polypodium Dryopteris, Ll. G. Hquisetum arvense, L. G and C. Lycopodium Selago, L. Gand C. CEN S: LIST OF LICHENS COLLECTED IN THE VICINITY OF ANNANACTOOK HARBOR, CUMBER- LAND SOUND, AT ABOUT LAT. 67° N., LONG. 68° 49’ W. By EDWARD TUCKERMAN. Cetraria nivalis, (l.) Ach. G. Cetraria cucullata, (Bell.) Ach. G. Cetraria islandica, (lu.) Ach. G. Cetraria islandica, var. Delise, Br. G. Dactylina arctica, (Hook.) Nyl. G. Aleéctoria ochroleuca. Alectoria ochroleuca, var. cincinnata, Fr. G. Alectoria ochroleuca, var. nigricans, Ach. G. Alectoria jubata, (L.). Alectoria jubata, var. chalybeiformis, Ach. G. Theloschistes parietinus, (.). Theloschistes parietinus, var. pygmeus, Fr. D. Parmelia saxatilis, (.) Fr. G. Parmelia saxatilis, var. omphalodes, Fr. G. Parmelia saxatilis, var. panniformis, Fr. G. Parmelia physodes, (.) Ach. Parmelia physodes, var. encausta, Fr. Parmelia physodes, var. alpicola, Nyl. G. Parmelia stygia. Parmelia stygia, var. lanata, (Mey.). G. Parmelia conspersa, (Khr.) Ach. G. Parmelia centrifuga, (L.) Ach. G. Umbilicaria vellea, (L.) Nyl. G. Umbilicaria proboscidea, (L.) Stenh. G. Umbilicaria proboscidea, var. arctica, Ach. Umbilicaria anthracina, (Wahl.) Scher. G. Umbilicaria cylindrica, (L.) Delis. G. Umbilicaria hyperborea, Hottm. G. Umbilicaria erosa, (Wel.) Hoffm. G. 167 168 NATURAL HISTORY OF ARCTIC AMERICA, Peltigera canina, (.) Hoffm. G. Peltigera pulverulenta, (Tayl.) Nyl. G. Pannaria hypnorum, (Hofim.) Kerb. G. Placodium elegans, DC. Placodium vitellinum, (Ehrh.) Hepp. G. Lecanora rubina, ( Vill.) Ach. Lecanora rubina, var. opaca, Ach. Lecanora tartarea, (l.) Ach. G. Lecanora oculata, (Dicks.) Ach. Lecanora ventosa, (L.) Ach. G. Stereocaulon tomentosum, Vr. Stereocaulon tomentosum, var. alpinum, Lawr. Stereocaulon paschale, (l.) Fr. G. Stereocaulon denudatwm, Flork. G. Cladonia rangiferina, (.) Hoffm. Cladonia rangiferina, var. alpestris, Scheer. Cladonia uncialis, (.) Fr. G. Cladonia bellidiflora, Ach. (Scheer.). G. Cladonia cornucopioides, (.) Fr. G.* Cladonia cornucopioides, var. incrassata, Auct. G. Cladonia deformis, (L.) Hoffm. G. Heterothecium pezizoideum Ach. G. Buellia papillata, (Sommerf.) Flot. G. Spherophorus fragilis, (Iu.) Pers. sae WE oes abe LIST OF ALGAE COLLECTED AT POINTS IN CUMBERLAND SOUND DURING THE AUTUMN OF 1877. By W. G. FAaRLow. Odonthalia dentata. Rhodomela subfusca. Rhodomela tenuissima. Polysiphonia arctica. Delesseria rostrata. Delesseria alata. Rhodophyllis veprecula. Duthora cristata. Phyllophora interrupta. Phyllophora membranifolia. Ptilota plumosa, var. serrata. Ceramium rubrum. Callithamnion Pylaisai. Callithamnion Rothii. Chordaria flagelliformis. Dictyosiphon feniculaceus. Phleospora tortilis. Sphacelaria arctica. Cheetopteris plumosa. Ectocarpus hiemalis. Ectocarpus Farlow. Ectocarpus Landsburgii? Ectocarpus jirmus, var. 2 Monostoma Cladophora arcta. Ulothrix flacca. Hematococcus lacustris (Protococcus nivalis). 169 MINERALS. By F. M. ENDLICH. The following is the catalogue of the minerals collected by Dr. Kum: lien. Each one of the species is represented by a number of specimens Interesting, among them, is a collection of the supposed meteoric stones from Ovifak. Smithsonian number. 9580. SUPPOSED METEORIC STONES from Ovifak, Disko Island, Green- land. 9581. GRANITE, probably from a drift-bowlder, Greenland. 9582. Rose QUARTZ. A large number of specimens from Greenland. 9583. ORTHOCLASE, from Niantilie Gulf, Cumberland. 9584. TOURMALINE, crystals with one end termination. Some of them are of considerable size. Color black. Niantilic Gulf. 9585. MUSCOVITE, crystals and large plates. The latter contains some hematitic inclusions. Niantilic Gulf. 9586. MUSCOVITE, crystals. Niantilic Gulf. 9587. ORTHOCLASE, massive, yellow. Niantilic Gulf. 9588. BIOTITE, in small crystals. Niantilic Gulf. 9589. QUARTZ, colorless. Niantilic Gulf. 9590. CHALCEDONY, gray and blue. Disko Fjord. 9591. ARGYLLITE, red, compact. Ovifak. 9592. CHALCOPYRITE, massive, in quartz. Cumberland Gulf. 9593. PYRRHOTITE, associated with some pyrite. Cumberland Gulf. 9594. SMOKY QUARTZ, massive. Cumberland Gulf. 9595. CHLORITE, crystallized. Cumberland Gulf. 9596. APATITE, crystalline. Cumberland Gulf. 9597. GARNET, variety, probably Spessartite, crystallized in clusters and single large crystals. Cumberland Gulf. 9598. APOPHYLLITE. Small quantities associated with Chalcopyrite. Cumberland Gulf. ; 171 ae io, SALE. Page. Acidiopsis complanata ..... See eee 152 Acmema testudinalis! 5... ,.2-csecs-cco-= 146 PACT A CLANSICOLDIN« Sene-1-'acc'so= soeisiel2 sfa/- == 152 rr Spectabiligha== se s62 cea <2 =< 152 PRCHIUNRUS: DALtCAMIUSH 2 s52225-aecereceesen 87 PAPiAlitis? MIAtICWAl =.= )se\- te scistecisese s <= 83 ee Bemipalmata ios. 2 cece eo 2 ti=/s 83 PP AOD ES HOLD Ole. 2 sce scimeslees ace) =e 76 vs JIMA AR ese ee ste ote sane 75 POUCA PAP ULOSAL Hi seem= see acini eteeia ee aes sie = 146 Agabus (Gaurodytes) tristis.........------- 161 BASS ATIN GD Geta ee ee at alma eee eiale alee ee ae ale 89 FNL O Keene ee PR eae riat one ea sates eee « 89 PAWORL GD atanein eet eer ese cl ese esse clea cice 116 PA alc Kal Wako cae. santos, s as Sale cels e's jce's See 38 PAR CUICEE oeelact eee ean ce ssest oecideeeeeee 83 PAIK CIRSe Kis See eco an teks dis sock e ecedinclecine 83 PANE ro hnete nts ae es aan) pate essa e ete nae 164, 105 PMS LTN Dae tales Sais ciesistisaiosasinisiveisa ais ete 103 ew CHenlil AevUl Canis). code secon wee mins ia\ele isles 164 Aleyonidinmum yiilie 5. s-sss-sesesee cess == 148 Aectoria jUbataie. «-ssccsocesse esnicen esa 167 ee jubata var. chalybeiformis. ..-.-.- 167 5 Ochroleuca cs. acn. sos see eas2s- == 167 we ochroleuca var. cincinnata ...---. 167 ms ochroleuca var. nigricans ........ 167 NEED Beye iar ioe fava at (anor ree a cisers seas Sak 169 AMlopeeurnsialpinus <555.22-25s--2a42-22--=- 166 PAmMaraiheMavOpUsl-.- css ct etece ss oes eee eee 115 IBOMDUSHACHS EMIS 122 ep seeeaere see oe eee - 159 ao Scutellaristas.2. soccer. - = 159 Boreovadus polaris’. 25 5.2-2-ce<02 ce5-=---= 108 3 Sada cess acetone. - oe 107, 108 iBowhesd) bird: s< asso: oes sasesee es -~seee 85 iBrachyotus; palustvis. -25- 5 ..----~- - -- jase 81 Branta hutchinsii ----- Soe lpemens «- = Skee 88 Bryanthus taxifolins’..- 222.02. - -sses---—-= 165 iBuccinumbelcherr = <-2s--e. os: - =< see =e see 145 ia eiliaturmbvar, Meller eae ee see 145 of Slacinles. 2 soe «2b eee ees 145 - Sronlandicnmey.- -seseeee asses 146 a humphreysianum. ..--...-------- 145 2 TeENeObrOsUuny ©. - 29-5 -4- eee 146 Bucephala Bee a= oS Soe ete 89 oy Tslandieay>. 822). ens cle ees 89 IBuellieipapulate: oe... see see cle ae 168 174 INDEX. Page Page. Bunodes spectabilis/-- =. <2 22 3-2 ese s oere 1520) Codlonalke ees. oak aces aoe eee eee ee 46 rs stollat sete se oas vaccee cineca aeteer 15214) Coleopteral ence ase se a stonee ee eee 159, 161 Buphacus'skus.- sss sass ees h ee ee pe | COE CT ye Soe Socesaer besatoncostoncsdtcmela): 155 Deroy bd De ee eA oe pore aseocoSase 1L597,| *Colids)BOGunlisa.cooasa sees eee oe ee eae 155 Me OC a) << 255 deat acters eee eee 155, 156 Gahltneétye 282 csi s coeee scot ospncoceeeeces 46) 3 Collett. brotescces-soeeee Jethoae See ee eae 109, 117 Galidvis/arenania 9252.0. hase gst hese ace ae 8% | Colymbusiarcticus.----2-.-=-2e= ceo eens 103 Calliphora erythrocephala..-.-....-..--.----- 161 i septentrionalis .--...4..-2-2..-.. 103 Callithamnion Pylais#i...........-...-..-.- 169 ns OrGUabUS beaks tenis dee oe ees 103 Up Rothiie eS. 2) oo yok te ate 169)" Comvas Coraxccce cc mace Demise nace ee eee 78 Callocephalus vitulinus ........-.---.-.-. 25555; OF. | (Cottidsers cic ccescnsek ace eco eee eee 116 Campanula rotundifolia ........-.--------- 163), 2659 |s'Cottos <6. 5255 saan c nea ee ae see ee 124, 138 os EN OR esaee eeeeeeee eset 165:\|; ‘Cotths:eneus': =. 22s oh a eck cee ooee ees 119, 138 Camptolemus labradorius. .-..--.---.-----. 93 So sronlandicusgesenassee ss ane 60, 118, 119, 128 Canis familiaris var. borealis..-.-.--..------ 50 SUeSNVGtC hie aera ee bow eee 119 ‘“ oecidentalis var. griseo-alba.......-.-- 52 *\} octodecimspinosus']-------e-sss-2—= 119, 120 Caprella.....-..--. eee eee eee ermiatereleiste 73 So PACD DUS = -1-- ek eee ee eee eee 124 ¥ septentrionalis -......-..--.. yoo 116, 139 se) pispilliger220~ sects Jose eee 128 Carex lagopina........- See ote ete eet 166 SO SOLAS 2a te crcl ame ei ees 127 en SLL ete ae aes eee 166 (ey }QuadriCOnnis2Aa- sees nee eee 127 “ vigida....--.-------.---+-++---------- 166 ‘“« scorpioides ........ 107, 108, 120, 122, 128, 124 Carpodacus purpureus ..--------------.---- 79 ‘* scorpius - . 18, 20,60, 80,90, 107,116,118, 119,120, Cassiopeihypnoides) 3-22 sose-- screens 159 123 “ tetragona ...---.--+---.--+----- 20, 32, 165 ‘* scorpius var. grénlandicus.... 107,118, 120 Cellania articulate = ee. escent wel omnia le 149 it) Seomialbiliss aces ket See On, 119, 127 “borealis. ....-----.---++------------ 1495//k@rangoniborease-65-2 oases eee mee eee eee 139 Cellepora hyalina ....-.....----------+----- L504 i Grenella: fabacee ase se nee eee eee ee 148 es VeITUCOSA ..-------+--+2-+-------- 150>1\'Gressons iM RevT. 00. -t eee ee 159 @entridenmrc hithiys = eel are ae ee LAT Grisiatebuimeane Sioce eek ee ee ee 1428 Centroblennius nubilus ..........-...-..--. TDA taccn eee ool Sab hihend eae 62, 139 Ceramium rubrum ..----.-----++++++++++++- 169 | Cucumaria frondosa......-..222.22222- + +e: 151 Cerastium alpinum .......--..------------- 164 | Cumberland Eskimo ..60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 83, 84, 85, 86, Cetacea ..--..--...--------2------- 2-22-22 64 89, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105 Cetraria cucullata.- <0... 222. 6.22. oo. = 167 Cyamiua: Ceti: ysl ge sae ee 85 “ islandi¢a ...-.------++-+++eeee+-++- 167). \@ydlopterid@),.08., ka<.2--2-248ee eee 115 ss islandica var. Delise..........-.-.- 167 | Cyclopterus lumpus......---.--.---------- 107, 115 ‘nivalis ........-------+--+-+-------- 167 ee SPINOSUSL ha = oss ose Meare eee 115 Chetopteris plumosa..........-------.----- 169 | Cygnus Qi We Wes ED otis an RE 88 Chalcedony. ....---------++++---+++++++-++++ 71 | Cymochorea leucorrhoa .........----------- 102 CHANG O EO ear sem eee pee ae eee Serna eae siete LD Neha: fee ck A Sk egal ee ee 147 ORION G DAS vee een ce eee ete ep a lels eats ele 156 “ CATA ce Sloan ne one ae 148 Chionobas Semid ess. ees --alaelolel= anja 156, 157 “ echinatae 2 cccee een eee 148 Chiton (Tonicella) marmorea.......-.------ 146 NR a OHOCEPORM Late ae Le aa 147 (OYE Ore es teretenere te eae Ste teeter rated cee ere 171 cOh lacentacs/s.S.s.eskso7 eee eee eer 148 Be sacle 5 NE OO een Oe eae og Cimysomitris tristis| 2-56-22 =~ ance aaice f67)| Dactylina aretinars.2-\.2.44-tnecceceens 161 Chrysophanus Phalzas .....:...:....0....- 156)| Dall OW gE cet oneet calc etc mctaeeecls OS aa 145 Cingus. 2222-4525 ne eee late nin ie ieee Tail): BIR ey Oe oa ce Mace te winn pemiomaesie heme cme 119 Cistenmdes eranmlata coo. 2. cea ecm a cinese a 141s) Delésseria alatal 2225.23 een ---be eee 169 Cistophora cristata...-.....-..2. .2--.2-- 13, 47, 64 - LOSUaAbd ees eon ce ce sees aenet Oo Clidoniagpellidiflorar. 52 222.2 2c~ = 551-60 1683) Welphinapterus) leucas -=5--.---65-...--2ee 85 a COPNUCOPIOIU ES seme nom a mae ee 168 | Dendronotus reynoldsii-.-....-...-.-------- 146 Re cornucopioides var. incrassata .-.. 168 | De:.dreecacoronata ......-....-..-.--------- 74 Greg ee = pe eee ee eee 168")! Diapensia; Lapponies.<-<-s=-~--===".\<-- sate 165 “ DOTY TEST INT SNe rae stele ciefeceirete aisteteteiats GSS |sDiastoporaspabingd rere ce: shane a eee 148 33 rangiferina var. alpestris...---..-- 168 | Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus .-.-...-..-.--- o¥i4 2 169 - UN Claligees. esis eee aerate P68) Diptera Secs wae 'oc ce Sewectcaasl eseeeteeee take 59 Cladophora arctames... =o cecke eee sceeeeee (l69'-1|/ Mikciporan 202 peek ose eee ec ee 149, 150 Clopeahareneis' ee. 2 eta aseee te se 137 ef SIKEUGI occ enemi(-e)aene ee ea 150 Clpeidas 723 Aen yates ce ass seeioctusceee ss 137 ee WOLTUCOSSa2 =e cisco ha cuneate cs 150 Cochleanridia ss e3-2 See Acao eee eee oe 2t | Dinrnall Gepidoptera. 2+. =- des asmeeee t= 155 BVCUCH <5 - css ecwianen cece teres 164: "| Draba: crassifolia... a4 eseoeeeeeees <5 164 Oemalis 2.) Seecnc aa eences 91, 163, 164 Rah ROUT ie paerate ce metas eet tt ae hatrie) (la 164 Coda a ae tear cen c eee 6 eee ae eee ee 103 fy.” Shellata: - = 165 “ WNIBURANS) Bap eae oa So cbeter 148 Huthora cristata. =. ....--2-- see c cere ene seen 169 | se TUShICde Ue. hose 147, 148, 149, 150 i tuberculumy-. bee e= tee eee 148 HUI ORCRNGIGANS <2ee wees cei cc Sat aweeeaininai> 81 6 VWillOSar. SSeS Ee 148 Farlow, W.G .-....------------------+----- 169 rareldavelacinlis's.- =e) aoe eee eee ae eee 89 Heilden; Captain, R. N .-----.---.--..-...-. 155 | Harmothoe imbricata.................------ 141 Fencker, Governor Edgar .....- Be oie ear HO: SETS Chea ee hn eee ee ee BN Eee 198 SVG el Gch OMI ete ee 166) | eiarwoodsiDre steel cee em ane eae ey 13 “ovina var. breviflora....--..-----.- 166 | Heterothecium pezizoideum.............--. 168 JORGE Bae een aan Seer See soe IT Eerochloa alpina cesses -esces ee eee 166 Fratercula arctica......-------..----++----- 103 | Hippoglossus vulgaris..........--.....-..-. 108 DICH Sav CSIC MO BIS emt aia) eial= aie ate 19; 260 ain polytextabricil 2 esses ae eee een 139 Fulmarus glacialis .....-.---.-------+-----. Jol, ippothoa hyalina ..-59..052-2eesasae eee 150 Hisirignwus torquatus —=-5-c2=2-sscssseeeoe a9 Gadida..--...---------------22----2 +22 ++ 2 108 | Howentes Captains ¢--t-aneees eee 5 AGAR eV TEN eee 108 | Hump-back of whalers ..................--- 66 pees TNO shrter aor) atc eo eta tayie = x tate, cin = LOS 110 NW iigas araneust 212 2.5-4-66 sense Aen - 140, 148 OPAC. 2 bonne eee sees ey COD pelos! Mie dnoidassn see saee see eee eee 22 a 152 “Oat... 22-22-22 +--+ 2522+ -- ee eee PHOS) Hymenoptera --:..---<222---45 s aA ~~ LO Bh) OMAN anon men en hie ALON) Hy periamedusarum.-- -.s-2-2-2.ee--- ---aee 139 Seek SAL Mug atony cinta sc eee toe See 109 | PUU ae apne ree ek ee rp gs ADERN ea0,3.5,. aecctoc seks sec eee cee. - Beaton. 5p RAMI AT OS Soe a ce aiciasel Se eerste 73 i Tene Pete bah on te se oe 139 | Ieelus hamatus.......--....-----.---------- 128 “ Rte ee eri ae 139 | Igahsook.-...-.--..-..-.----------------+-- se Garnet ........ Pett PAS ae) lene 171 | 1gloo ..-.--.----------------- serene 22s sene- Nie (SIR Pas HICSS 7 oe ee ees ee eeee nels 129 Insects .~---- - +--+ see eee eee eee reece eee e ee 155, a Gasterosteus aculeatus:..36...232224 -22-.- 130 | Ishungak ..-...-.--.--- ------++-+-++--+-++- 94, 95 sf AAA CHL P TUS et aes sites eyetortae 129 | Ivik...--.-----+---22+ +--+ eeeeee senses eee ° 63 “i; PISS IS Sie (ase ramet eto 131 sd MeNMIOSUS) <2 < sceinwesee se oe ISL; penance by emalin ten. 2 ¢do ce nace ae oeeee 78 176 INDEX. ' Page Page. SSCL Ce see ape tet = ete chateton oelaia efete le eeptateterearat 38) |p itoring eronlandica -22--.sseeseeuwease see 146 IK errgikk epee cee ten ceca eieinista testes os 104° | Lobipesthtyperborbus's.-..2--2-- sseeensee ee 84, 86 Waertoolwletes seem casos acon alone nee 88 | Loiseleuria procumbens........--2....-...2 165 Weakordlalk +2000 2s o 2 socseescagietee gener 101. || Toomvinriarrae tases. soe eet qentne ieee ee 105 Wkdmile See Sat se eso eae sees 26) |), oxin loucopterai-s-25-—asceeee =] See ees TS Warlssanden 2? sscnec tie ccccunsctes cmon es 103) |) bumiara flava eos 5-3 osc ae ae cae ae eee 141 TASS ON AG woe ioe» cioeiacics@ delnisteeiclois se ate 55) | uum penus mubilus)zeeeu oes eree ee eee oe 115 Wemetoole sae. secs clsoaerscsecice ss esaethents 790) danti | Dyeodidss 32226-52432 22 eee oe seen eee 112 SSG Eel ce ae ale oleate eee tee 16))|-ley copodium'Selacoj==s-ee6=- aaee sss eeeeeee 166 IMO WOME aa eeinene sce ae senace ae caninice sie 27, |) laycosalsrconlandicass: 2-2. a- 2-2 2eteeee 161 IRM TG asec ce ois we eis cerceelsieiaianietelctaeeiatsnes 103 Kunnlien, Mr -. -5, 11, 47, 69, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 115, Macho 26 116, 118, 119, 122, 124,127,129, 131,134,145, 156, 159, 163 paaistisn bia Sch sake ph. \W Pps 4. hen re if Waneniietowk 2 vison Bees: Fah ee ee ais ae Eee y Mallotus villosuse-e]sasseeee tes see eee aeeee 134 SMSIN I Bis e ee tales ee alr a a aria sere renee 33, 34 ISMOGIPOMlaen sere ses ecste ase ere ease eee 73 | Mammals -.-.---..---.---------------------- 47 Leernodipodian crustaceans .......-..----.- g5 |: Margarita helicina .-..-- -- -.---..------- 146, 150 TCO pUs! Pese ene Stes tec Ween joe as ge 23 “ mb eaiseeer eee asses ae 146. “ ATS) kee Eee Stn eal go | Megaptera longimana ......---.------.----- 66 Ria RE PeSEDIS: brs. Ge sie meager ee Ue a g3 | Membranipora Sophie ...--.-.--.----------- 149 Plantae hee 2 eos. ies eax bene 148, 149, 150,152 | Mergulus alle ...--.---..----.--.---------- 108, 104 NGAI AA RO OSSILL = See Se ee Clones See es 159, 161 PMIG TOTES TSONGA ON = ape ae ee etter 94 IAs sei a Lee 8 co Tan peer ays ee ee 33 | Merlangus carbonarius..---- See eee eas 109 RP oemmren fatnia. sebcen aude Georg 97, 99 Mertensia maritima ..-..----..------.------ 165 CED aetna dint. 2 ote ea a te be dee hale 101 IMaerostomidiene a: = see eae = ee eee ee 134 tC \g]ameTI§.p..-seseveccconosns 24, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98 Mintzer, Lient., U.S. N......-..--.-------. 108, 145 CO Print oie ih eee ye a Le 9g | Modiolaria (Crenella) faba-.------- 2-26. 145, 146 ov Meucopterad <.s.s-2- ss casscone eros 95, 97, 98 A digeors.-. <--7---72-=- Stee nea: 146 COM MATINUS: Sa cace cee eee Ser eee ees 99 i laevigata ----.----+----+++++++--- 146 Tcennoracdculatares 242.0 eee eee ygg | Mollia hyalina...----..--------------------- 150 “ TEES IRE eee ee ates ae 168 pt evil aris: oe aap e ete tle = eee eae ee 149: “ rubina var. opaca ....-...2..-.--+ 168 IMiGIIMIS COI Stas aac ae ae etcetera eae er 147 co TATA a tele oe ee ea, 16g | Mollusks .--.------- eee eee eee eee 73, 145 “ OT LO RT ek Se eee 168 INLOMOCOMUINONOCELOS 2. 4- See oe antes eee 35, 67 TeGonte, Drv ll sence eee ee ee eeer ee cee 159 | Monostoma ---------.-- 2-22 ence nev en cen 164 edumyppalustromes sees sceet eer cceee ees D0 OB || ee ene o-oo Aor reser e ete haem ae wie epasMasciculanisiec. s-ssere cee enceeceeeser 739 | Multuk ------- TSS Aa Le ee 20, ie Lepidoptera, Nocturnal ............-.------ 459 | Mureenoides fasciatus ..--.----------------- 115 Teg praliamnisnts fv os.0 . eeese eee eeeeneen y49 | Muscovite..-..---------------+-+++-+++----- 171 Tepiastereens....2-2 o-oo ee 452 | Mustela er TONG eric taeetete = lm neti Peete 53 “ rarlaridica ee ee ee ee 451 | Mya truncata .--...-----------------++-+++- 146 “ LLG ood ee eee 151 | Myodes torquatus....------------++++- ---- 53 PEC WUIS ClaGlalisae,. > sec cetce tees emcee 27, 53,79 ET CR CRS ena al ran ape ei Nata =a tate acres ae SPP T fl NBA aie Ss setae a aie epee oie reiterate 95 Tamdaahodsonicaeres ce estce ae aaeeee ene Rifeltonbiuitillc pageee desedmbosecscaes scot. sc7-6 48 Teipanididssrsenee. eae < oc cece eee eas 115 | Nannokes ......--------------------sc-22--- 49 TGA AS ee renin s ete wis Shale w atalote meretatetetanmte Fs 90 |) Warksormutalkes: 2° = 2... oan eneeeen === 77 Fete) RUC se ee emma revai ae tala ateenietsieirstte= 116 | Narwhal of whalemen.......--..--..--+---- 67 Dee Ne aihaie era see nee sala ae 115. | Nayardluk ......------2. --c2eess---a-cee see 99 Ft SINGAUIS scene = eeeraatet sian eeia rsa ats 115 | Nayanarsuk.--.....-.-2--c-e200-2------- 208 99 rod WILLE UTR GS oetesl= 3 ame e seca 80, 107, 115,116 | Nemertina ..----.---...2------------.---- 143 INDEX, 1a Page. Page. WOEreis| POMAGICd. . oo on ceo nine - ne = pete Taig OS Ole Ke secrete nc wie! atc las ie septate oars at ee 104 PETE VTi ones ators hele there Sorcha eral Grcicye-s heels 55 Phalaropus tiUGsriUsh. een seer eae 84, 85 SUT Cote tee leiietatole salen telat ioc(oteainre einiave pe) 55 | Phascolosoma margaritaceum ........-.---. 142 EN BULOD ORAS sep esa aim wote wala oisietae si Sacral oe 169,161 | Phoca barbata -.............-..- 18, 24, 32, 4C, 43, 61 BIS oe NEN ante ell el ole nie 95,99) || Phicsospora tortilis. <--> 26 4.)--55-ecunase 169 Nowyah.....----------+-+--+++++--5s2eee 0+. 984\)-Phobetor ventralis)... 02 e.. 5. sacs nee eeae 128 Mnmenins Horealis) <2 2... 8.2. ese ese a 88 | Phocena communis ..-........--.--.---2-<- ~ 66 MEG CEH ACANGIACA coo sen cc eels wsec[- a es 81 Phyliodoce'Gronlandica \=-.-.-2.--2- 222-2. 141 Mp halidssyss Meee sole cms) 2s awe sak 156 | Phylophora interrupta........----.--.-.--- 169 a: membranifolia .......-.-:-.--- 169 | Physalis antiquorniM---+-+-2-+5--5ee-28 66 Ch brsli dls; Gere Seen sewis aisx cea is sctsmieadociec 1520p eaeG KANN YS DRSSY sacl. sncee oe eee ee eee 55 Oceanites oceanica .....-..----------------- ODM MMA Ke ioe nay aoe obese ieee ee 26 Odonthalia dentata +>: 55--.-------2<-oe25-- 165) seimicols-enuclestor. <2... -2-22,-5-2225- 5 75 (£demia DEP eT ea ee SE RIES TS 93 Plincodiomelecans:.-< 3-4-2 4 0sem-- e+ ane 168 sO eae ee ne ae ei era oe 61, 63 | WDC UU ster acl =e eee 168 Oca ESD ae ee iets ee eae aie ee tetaia ciatatoe TA) OP) heh i Seeeimed eter Desh oaebe ramen mince ecm 28 163 MHGOUC LOD tee ee eae eek seat Noa 53 | Platessa S1aC als) Senseo aie koa ue ee 108 Rr Tea he Pee eae ae ec se aoe ce se P one cuieee 43 | Platysomatichthys hippoglossoides. .-....--- 108 Ommastrephes illecebrosa. -...-....--.-.--- 145 | Plectrophanes lapponicus .--.......----.--- 17 Ommatoplea Stimpsoni. ..---.--...-.------- 148 | Dp Mivalis Ss: he Ss eee 76, 77,78 ORVETTEC bth tcy Seve ea nae ee eee ae nee 101 | Pleuronectes Franklinii........-..--....--- 108° MO|OO Kee tes eo oesas ve Sacaniaciacescseecacc 41 | Paber:' ssa Sa. eats ee ees 108 OAs eae ee ee 61 | i (Rhombus) glacialis -.--..--.- 108 Ophioglypha nodosa. ......-...--.-..------- De ELC UTONC GIN Ge pie mie tetera ee se aaa ees 108 Ophiura nodosa. .--.-.-.- Reese ree eee TOS We OR apn aise ae Wee cer oh at ote ac Pe eee 80, 160 Fn EE eee er te eee ea Shae: GPG LLG Hitter cree are Chae Ah 5 Ta 77, 91 FO fp Rem att arate aa ral mi laa eo erate 81 | Pollachius carbonarius........-.----.--.---- 109 Ginhnop ieee et eae ee ee ees een eae 81 | Polygonum viviparum --....-..--.-.--.-:-- 165 Once A STE Oe Se eee BEE See aaa 157 | Polypodium Dryopteris --.....---------.--. 166 Cavan Pe yee tate aerate aisha arene aie) 159 | Polysiphonia arctica. ......----.------------ 169 CMP MALO Kes - eas co teks ricijineena ol sine == for pPolysticta Steller scesss2 = 1s -seeee eee 39 MOTUHOCIASE sack gencin spies s seat e esses ese es APA pe OlV ZOA ant ay= cee ee ere aa tes ae eee at 148 hua h eRe ae oo ja,selalc west meyab sitarerct= o)sia nmin = 171 | EROTHe TAR ets ose ea esas aerial Soe 153 CO Sayer CLE VINA eras forte clera =f ol sella lelere stim isin a 165 | Potentilla maculata .......-.............-.. 164 is MUM GBs ttt. robes sea aae eer ae 164 | Protomedeia fasciata -.--.-.:-----.----.--:. 116 Pacomystoctidus --13, 17,22, 24, 39, 44,49, 55,68, 71, | Ptarmigams -......-.....-2----<.-ses--2-:-- 72 73, 78, 109 Ptilota plumosa var. serrata.-.--..---- 169 IPaxopiila CDUINCA | ---- -- ence === 99 | JEiipSy eol He eS ees seee ee see eae 102 Pagophilus groenlandicus .....-.-.-...----- 33, 61 | es OM TAIT Sse seE Ree ea Soe 103 Ti TS: LER cet a Se aR aa eis eg ee ENO gee Soe eae AU ae aaa te ee o4 PANMALIA dy PMOLUIM) =o eet cacase esas ese 168 | LEAP) UG ea See acs ees sees oe esac sepeceess 130 IPA DAV OLMUCICAIG aan lao oe sso a 164 | ademas ears ce esos cee ee 130 SS ELI OMICS oe ea ee nea ia amin se eae 155 | Be TOLY TOMO OMS esse eran ea aa tol alee 165 Parmelia centrifuga << = =..2 <1. 2+ -2-<-a5-- 167 | ‘rotundifolia var. pumila. -.....-...- 163, 165 ef COMSPOISAN ee oe 2 = sce sisens'se.5i- 152 TG To AY EENO UGC Seo ae Soe ee sae selene eee 171 i BLY SOUGS ee ee eae Sac oe mee POF | epavlialey 20s: 0-is)-o Seeds ee ee eee 74 * physodes var. alpicola -..---.----- 167 | ve OUTOPER ee. sae aie anaes sees - 75 ae physodes var. encausta ..---..-..- 167 | 4 Saas pees eee antic ois 167 | Quartz ..-...-----------+-++ 2222222 eee ee ee lil oa saxatilis var. omphalodes .-.-..--.. 167 | 3 saxatilis var. panniformis. .-...-.-. NGG ile ACIAbES! <2 cana aa memes eee 7) (Stereocorus Similisy oo sae sees tee ee eee 161 NII MIO Anse a rita ae moe eRe a ee at PU So Wo Stems arotics oo weno oe ae eee a4 TOA es oh oe sone nae ee eae ee 135 (C4 FROLUTAL. tn eee 84,101 eee NGOS eee e een e ee ee eee renee seer e 135 | Stichwidwe............ $s eel RE ee Veen 115 Dg Sak Lea Tote resem ee re reed iat rte 20,184 | Stones, supposed meteoric.............-_--- 171 _ salmonidies (== 92223222025 = 2 eco -e emeen eo I34 | Strepsilas interpres .-.-2---.----2-2-------- 84 Salvelinus-alipes cs! 42406 JN See 135,01 Serie soanginca. ce ote es ee 37 EC ULES ata te 135 | Strongylocentrotus Drébachiensis.-..--.--- 151 ; JE ROG Moo ee bso Jsmepoeossude se 25 135 | ‘Sula bassama .-..-....-------.. dene ee wees: 94 INIATERE ss uses hadeeee LOT, 335, 187 WiCatituk soces es ole ee g1 MMAMUS Aste = 3 Acsete sat oascos me se USO AC oats: aes te act 2 eek re 14 PBA OOK 7 hie eee AE LE Oe es ome 86 | SENG Sele ces Stee ee ee ta 156 || Tachyeineta bicolor. -.-----.-..---2----.-=- 74 Saxicava arctica. .-..-2-.-.2-22--22..------- 146 | Taraxacum Dens-leonis .........---------- 163, 165 Saxicola conanthe -....2.---22.52522-8 Meee ss B | ts TslUstres esc aeee aoe eee 163, 165 SUS Sh UEC DEES VCE eee nen HSM ebec atc BOS |) Mertbouretit ech ore seen ee ene are ee 99 ft COIN Ge ae nee ee eee ee ea 164 i Pealia CrassiGorms) 4-20 26 sn aos ae 152 MUU IS ee eee cea esa omer epee ESSE Dae a eee 84 ‘ Opposititolid).j2 62s seo sete ores 164) Ehalietoom alpinmm.. ooo. woes | eee 164 - rivularis .......- Seale eee 164 | Thelepus cincinnatus :.-.-..--..-..-.------ 141 es rivularis var. hyperborea . ----.. 163, 164 | Theloschistes parietinus ...-....-..-.------ 167 Seek aS eet aaa ater ert ree 164 ae fy var. pygme@us...-. 187 x SAGO AGIs cas saa ese 163 | Mi Ghemanin ocr ses eee oe ie aeee ore sae 14 oy PMIGUSPIOAba ee oe ae ones ln me L644 Se Tichemanindlo,.-.o-. sass sc eae asa 14 Seatophaga apicalis --.---..---------------- RGD Rake: 25 9.20 Sac ac sesso a nee eeeememertes 55, 60 Schmsunaneani 2) 2220895. 2. ea ge Ae Dei) VGAHMONG.. ose eee fo eee 26 SGnEZOnOCOM aS nea .aaee renee nee mentee eas 149s Tofeldin porealiss.----.. 2 2- a ae 165 Seolocophagus ferrugineus.-----.-...-- --. 78 Wi eDOOU Re wee sere secre ea eer enero 103 BSCGUGOGE s.dbloe ose near ete ee eae see aOR ON Stason eee soem aie cies) eet eee Ser 29 BeSESER FL COTN egg er eta taerel eat te eiete etait 94 | AP OTN SUM GOD Keep ot = sme = ola siete te et 89 Be DDO Rs pe tn re eee elena AT SRST TSR CEES oa aor = eee ieee 29, 30 Se Gee Se Eo aa Seema e us nect Gc bee uoSSoee 104 | Totanus melanoleneus..-.--....---.--.------ 88 Sertularia argentea: ..-.......-......--. --- 152 | Tourmaline .....--.--------.-------++-+---- 171 SMART © oat Ste yaaa ree tr Sew sier Eel yen aha ae were ie ee ate 49 TREE... Se RO ana om ese 2 te 84,85 ' Trichechus rosmarus.......-....---.----- 13, 47, 63 SNGKIMBNPMIT Sf sse 2 sete an esata te areee ate 6.7) Eriplops pingeli’.-.\J.sc+s 1--2---cese ee 128 Sibbaldia procumbens.-...-....-...--.----- 164) | oR TIN Ca CHNULNS (ay ep te = ene 87 DIP OLGRK eee. o SO Mecca asl tebe nse he 86 COU eLUSOICOMIN seoc an. ces =e) a eee 86 MUeNG ACOAPEY <5.) OSCR hans eee 164 MAPA eee as as see e nee aaa 86 Slorakitso0keee - --5.-s2 3. eases ees oaoeee 93 ON ETDU GLE Ss ee aol a ate eat eae 86 SHOGH GATOIMONNIS... ue evens rene eae 74 “subarduatas.. 222. 0652 sco 87 Siurus nevius. ...- cea tt IRR 75 |) Trophon! toncatus.-- 98-7. sene ae 146 SSINTGN: Oats eee sw = Sete ao na eee aes e 199) “nekerman: wodward --<...- 22 2--eeeen 167 Smith Dr eee ot EEE CR PAG ROL tse ee oe ol oats te oe ee ere 78 Simi, SOrarnp. sector eee ences 70 | Dokagvajok ..-.----.-../2--.-.2