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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Butwetin 181 


THE CYCLOPHORID OPERCULATE 
LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 


By 
CARLOS DE LA TORRE 
PAUL BARTSCH 


and 


JOSEPH P. E. MORRISON 


UNITED STATES 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
WASHINGTON : 1942 


For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington D.1Can a an nei aee tea an Price 65 cents 


ADVERTISEMENT 


The scientific publications of the National Museum include two 
series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. 

The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a 
medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec- 
tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts 
in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new 
forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in 
pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scien- 
tific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the 
different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are 
published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the 
volumes. 

The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con- 
tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi- 
cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in 
several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of 
type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar 
nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto 
size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were 
regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes 
under the heading Contributions from the United States National 
Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 
1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of 
the Museum. 

The present work forms No. 181 of the Budlletin series. 


ALEXANDER WETMORE, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 
Wasxineron, D. C., June 9, 1942. 


II 


CONTENTS 


Page 
Imtroduction and acknowledgments] 2——— =o - oes eee eee oe 1 
The cyclophorid mollusks of Cuba, by Cartos pg La Torre and PavuL 
RS Bae ee oe eg re ee a ee BE 3 
Paraily, Cyclophoridac# 24.22 o_o eae ee SE Se -- =. 3 
Subfamily Megalomastominae=_.. =. -2.02teee eee soe) = - 3 
GoanustMarcunens 2 soos fe Se SESE 3 2 4 
Subgenus. Farcimens:_.- 25.2 Se eo = 5 
Subfamily»Aperostominge +22 ts 3) jee a eee eee eee oe SSS 38 
Genus Grocidopamane. - a ee ued a Ee 39 
Subgenus: Cyclocubana_._.. Sunset. SURE == 39 
The eyclophorid mollusks of the West Indies, exclusive of Cuba, by Paun 
ARDS CHE aha te ee oe oP Ce ae a RNS ee 43 
Family yclophoridaes s.-e- tee tas eee eee 43 
Subfamily Megalomastominac louse. ule ye oat ee 43 
Genus Harcimen=- 2s = 6 ee ee a ee 43 
Subgenus Weopupinias ey aes sae ee 43 
Gems Parcrmnoides sake ease BUN oc ee 46 
Genus Megalomastoma -2- Oo se Sie BUA 2 ere 48 
Subgenus Megalomastomal.b.2 8 22 Sseh ss BLO se 48 
Subgenus Megalomastomoides_--_--------------------- 50 
Subfamily, Diplommatininae—... 229s 9204s lunes, Ses ee 51 
Genus Adelopoma === <== 2 Seek eeen se ee 51 
Subfamily. Amphicyclotinaes-._+-2-- =e<= =e oe te 52 
(Cremmiss Ci clonatiia ss! hens tte PEN SE ee Soe 2a 52 
GenuseAmpnicyeroliiites= = 22 aes Sree ee See eee 54 
Subgentis: Ampnzcyclowuiuss= 9 = 99 8 be Be 54 
SubsennsiCycloblandia-—- \! = we es 2 oe kt ee Oe 60 
Sublamily: Aperostominae.- +95. oo eae fe eee ee oe 62 
Genus Crovidnpomarse wee oe aan eee ee 62 
SubgentisnGrecidopemaAle les. 22h Le 62 
Genirsi@yelogagnapccae < soos hoe te 67 
Gents ‘Cyclonendreysia. io. = 12 ee te ee 69 
Genie Cyclon isGryikes soe Uae Bee ee a ae oe 71 
Subgenus Cyclopusbryag.2- 2 ee eo ee Ye 71 
Subgenus Cyclocaymanita__<. 9.223 2s 2 2 2 23 =e 79 
GenusiPivenocochiies so ee UNI Si eee 82 
Genus: Poleria ing) S222 2 Pe pe ies Se eee ee 105 
Subgenusweorert@s 62. 8 Sa ee 106 
Subgenus) Cyclobakerza-.— 224 es cee ee eee 115 
Genus Aperostemde) 2 en te ees eo eee eee 124 
Subgenus! Cycladameraees 2316 / 3022s Se Se ee eb 125 
Subgenus Ausirocyclotustc ee = oes eee Sse est 132 
Subgenvis Cyelohidalgoa 22. ol | Se ee ee He 136 
Pseudogeneric term Incerticyclus___---------------------- 137 


IV CONTENTS 


Page 

The cyclophorid mollusks of the mainland of America, by Pau, Bartscu 
and Josprn P. i. MOonnIsON= 22-2220 22 22 ee 142 
Famibys@velophoridae--2 22 — ies 2. ee ee ee ee 142 
Subfamily Megalomastominae:—- 2.4 =22-22-= == £2 aaa 142 
Genus: Lomocyclus ss... - 2S Se eae ees eee ee eee 142 
Subfamily: Diplommatininaes:2 2-052") 25-2 Fe ee 148 
Genus! Adelonoma 2222 22 one ee a ee eee 148 
Subfamily Amphicyclotinaes= 2" 52-5252 2- ae ee 151 
Genus Buckleyta_-—. 223. = == PE eee eae ee ee 151 
Genus Lagoeyclus- x21 2 eds eh 8 eS ieee 154 
Genus Filocyclus:-2. 2.) 5.682 Se oe ae ESS eee eee 157 
Genus Calaperostoma:.- =~. 252. — (see ey 159 
Genus: Cyrtotoma__.__--- - Sassaeisn nop an Es eee 169 
Genus’ Barbacicluss 2220225 <5 3. Ye ee a eee te 175 
Genus Calacyclotuss2225. 22. Beni Oe hee eee 178 
Genus, Mexcyclotuss.2 2-2 + == Samo he eee ee 179 
Genus Megacyclotus. <5 32 Jo 3 eee EE Bae ah eee 181 
Genus Amphicyclotus._.. < . 2s be he eee = - 2 183 
Subfamily, ;Aperostominae 22-420 26h. ase dees Wee dE abe 186 
Genus Apenostoma. -2- 22 ='s- 222512 Se ee 187 
Subgenus Jncidostomaz -. - 4.) 3. jt te eke 187 
Subgenus: Austrocyclotusco2ae 352 eee ee eae eee 195 
Subgenus Neocyclotus.2=-.-22-- 226 MS gy og Be ee 203 
Subgenus Cyclopomops.u: 2244-0 sue see See ee 219 
Subgenus Aperostoma. 2. - 2h sce ee tesa ee 221 
Subgenus’ Cyclohidalgoa___ 2. 4-0 She = ey 268 
Genus Dnracyclotués. 2 ooe0 ae el ae oe Ss 274 
Pseudogeneric term Incerticyelus.__-/. ~. 22 ==-22--=---==-=- 275 
A list. of the mainland cyclophorids.._+ 52-222) 4.ce"'. ate 279 
Hixplanation of plates. .2o522. 324222 2 oso 2 So ee ee 283 


THE CYCLOPHORID OPERCULATE LAND 
MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 


—_——— 


By Cartos pe LA Torre, Paut Barrscu, and Josepu P. E. Morrison 


INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


Tus contribution is divided into three parts: Parr 1, by Drs. Carlos 
de la Torre and Paul Bartsch, deals with the forms inhabiting the 
island of Cuba. Parr 2, by Dr. Bartsch, describes the members of 
the family known from the West Indies exclusive of Cuba. In Parr 3, 
Drs. Bartsch and Joseph P. E. Morrison discuss the mainland fauna. 
While Part 3 is by far the largest portion of the paper, it probably 
represents only a small fraction of the cyclophorid fauna inhabiting 
this extensive territory, the exploration of which has scarcely been 
started. 

We have not attempted to give complete bibliographic references to 
all the species, since this would necessitate an enormous expansion of 
the text, but all the citations involving problems of nomenclature have 
been noted. 

The completeness of this monograph was made possible through 
the splendid cooperation of the authorities of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia, particularly Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. We are 
indebted also to Prof. H. Burrington Baker, of the University of 
Pennsylvania, who unstintingly turned over for our examination all 
the material needed in this group, especially from Jamaica. We are 
glad, too, to acknowledge our obligation to Dr. d’Alté A. Welch for 
his splendid collection of Jamaican cyclophorids, which he placed at 
our disposal. The authorities of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 
at Cambridge, Mass., through Dr. W. J. Clench, aided materially by 
the loan of specimens for study. 

The cyclophorid material from Cuba came from several sources, 
chief in importance being the extensive collection of Dr. de la Torre, 
which furnished the major basis of our understanding of the genus 
Farcimen. .Next should be mentioned the large collections made sev- 
eral years ago by Dr. Bartsch on several collecting expeditions that 
enabled him to comb the island for mollusks. These were made pos- 


1 


2 THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 


sible through the generosity of the late John Brooks Henderson and 
through the agency of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholar- 
ship of the Smithsonian Institution. Especial thanks are due Prof. 
Raul P. Guitart for his helpfulness with specific material needed by 
us in the region covered by his explorations, but to mention all the 
others who contributed material to our understanding of the fauna of 
the Island of Cuba would prolong endlessly these acknowledgments. 
We have mentioned under the various species the collectors to whom 
we are especially indebted for such contributions, 

Our knowledge of the radulas, jaws, and verges discussed in this 
paper is based on dissections made by Dr. Morrison. 


Part 1.—THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF CUBA 


By CARLOS DE LA TORRE AND PAUL BARTSCH 


Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Gray 


Terrestrial taenioglossate prosobranchiates the mantle cavity of which 
has been developed into a thin-walled pulmonary sac. The tentacles 
are attenuatedly elongate-conic, bearing the optic papillae at their 
outer base. Snout usually short. Foot attenuate posteriorly, entire. 
The radula rows consist of seven teeth. The shell shape, size, and 
ornamentation are extremely diversified. The operculum, usually 
circular, may be a simple chondroid plate or this may bear lamellae 
or calcifications of various types. 

The family ranges from Mexico south over South America on the 
mainland as well as over the West Indian Islands. 

In Cuba it is represented by two subfamilies, which the following 
key will help to differentiate: 


KEY TO THE CUBAN SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY CYCLOPHORIDAE 


Sine Cioinez aero) 1iKO Ts ee ee Megalomastominae 
Se MMe ce Olek ee ae ee ee Aperostominae 


MEGALOMASTOMINAE, new subfamily 


Cyclophorid mollusks having an elongate-conic or elongate-turrited 
shell. Operculum corneous. 

This subfamily embraces the mainland Zomocyclus, which comes 
from Guatemala and the adjacent Mexican Chiapas, the Cuban Farci- 
men, the Hispaniolan Farcimoides, the Puerto Rican Neopupina, 
typical Megalomastoma from the Virgin Islands, and its related sub- 
genus Megalomastomoides from eastern Puerto Rico. 

Wherever found the animal lives in leaf mulch, or it may even dig 
in the loose earth about the base of plants until it is completely 
hidden from sight. Bartsch found Farcimen (Neopupina) curtum 
(Dall and Simpson) buried completely among the roots of banana 
trees on the east slope of El Yunque in Puerto Rico. On days of 
protracted rain they may venture forth from their hiding place and 
sometimes may climb a foot or so above ground up on the trunk of 
a mulch-surrounded tree. 


4 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus FARCIMEN Troschel 


1847. Farcimen TroscHEt, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44, in part. 
1847 (November). Farcimen HERMANNSEN, Indicis generum malacozoorum primor- 
dia, vol. 1, p. 489. (Type designated, Cyclostoma tortum Wood.) 

Typical Farcimen is known only from Cuba, where it is widely dis- 
tributed and presents considerable variation in shell shape and sculp- 
ture. In shape it varies from ovate to elongate-conic. The sculpture, 
following an initial smooth nuclear portion, may be smooth, axially 
lirate, or even ribbed, spiral threads may be present, or the surface 
may be pitted as in the Farcimen alutaceum group. The peristome is 
heavily reenforced by a thickening and is reflected. The operculum 
consists of a simple, thin, multispiral chrondroid plate. 

Type: Turbo tortus Wood=Farcimen (Farcimen) tortum (Wood). 

The anatomy of /. (F.)/ vinalense scopulorum is described under 
that subspecies, p. 34. 

All members of the genus Farcimen are mulch-dwellers; they find 
their optimum habitat where dead leaves and vegetable detritus be- 
come mixed with sand or soil at the base of stone walls or pared6nes or 
dead trees. Here usually there is sufficient moisture to furnish ideal 
conditions for the development of fungi, upon whose mycelial threads 
they seem largely to subsist. Living specimens are therefore rarely 
seen on the surface. It is only on wet days or dewy nights that they 
appear to come from their hidings and may then climb for some feet 
above the level normally occupied by them. Usually they burrow 
below the surface and have to be sought by grubbing for them. For 
these reasons the shells of most species are partly covered with dirt 
when found. 

This leaf-mulch dwelling does not tie them to the restricted habitat 
that the calciphilous annularids are forced to effect. We therefore 
find the various species occupying a much more extended territory than 
is the case in the annularids. They are not confined to the moun- 
tains but are equally at home in the plains, where their worst enemy 
is agriculture, which usually destroys their favorite habitats. Their 
greater abundance in the rough hilly country at present merely means 
that man’s activities so far have failed to dispossess them. 

The absence of strongly developed sculptural characters makes the 
genus Farcimen a rather trying group to handle taxonomically. 
Words alone seem inadequate to define convincingly our concept of 
species and races. Fortunately, by the use of the camera we are able 
to portray the characters far better than mere word pictures can accom- 
plish. We hope, therefore, that by consulting both descriptions and 
figures our contentions will be made clear. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 5 
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF FARCIMEN 


Peristome) thickened/and) retlected2222ee—_ © teas eae lisse ee Farcimen 
Peristomemotatnickenedvor) retlecteds2 ses eee Neopupina 


Subgenus FARCIMEN Troschel 


In the subgenus Farcimen the peristome is thickened and reflected. 
The group is peculiar to the island of Cuba. 
Type: Turbo tortus Wood=Farcimen (Farcimen) tortum (Wood). 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM, new species 


Megalomastoma tortum of many authors, not of Wood, which equals Farcimen 
apertum Poey. 

Shell elongate-ovate, the early whorls varying in color from yellow 
to pale orange. Nuclear whorls 1.8, well rounded, smooth. Postnu- 
clear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit; the 
early turns are marked by rather distantly spaced, slender, retractively 
curved axial riblets. These riblets on the succeeding turns become 
more closely approximated and less regular, and on the last whorl are 
less expressed than on the other whorls. In perfect specimens there 
is a faint indicaton of obsolete spiral hairlines, at least on the early 
turns. Suture rendered conspicuous by the shoulder at the summit. 
Base protracted, tapering fairly abruptly toward the open umbilicus. 
The umbilicus is bounded by an obsolete carina. Within this the um- 
bilical wall appears slightly excavated and is marked by incremental 
lines. Aperture almost circular; peristome thickened, heaviest at the 
posterior angle and at the junction of the basal lip with the columella, 
and narrowest on the parietal wall. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

This species is the one that has been considered by many authors 
to be F. tortum. We have explained under that species why we do 
not agree with this determination. F. (/.) pseudotortum resembles 
most nearly forms of F. (F.) wngula (Poey), from which, however, 
it is easily distinguished by the fact that the aperture is not protracted 
into a clawlike element at the junction of the outer and basal lip. 

We are recognizing three subspecies, all occupying parts of Oriente 
Province, which the following key will help to differentiate: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM 


Umbilicus very narrow. 
ShellMarce: hersht more: than) 24min = ee pseudotortum 
Shellismalli height less! thant20 mm" 282 ee ee turquinoense 
Umbilicusmotivery Napro wes ees lel re CME Eee ee bayamense 


6 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM PSEUDOTORTUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 1, FicurEs 7-9 


This race comes from the ancient Cafetal Buena Vista, 18 miles 
west-southwest of Bayamo, Oriente Province. The specimen that we 
have figured is one collected by Gundlach and labeled UM. tortum. It 
is distinguished from the other two by its much larger size and the 
ribbing of the early whorls, which is much more conspicuous and a little 
more distantly spaced. 

The type. U.S.N.M. No. 104424, the specimen referred to above, has 
7.5 whorls and measures: Height, 24.9 mm.; greater diameter, 11.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM TURQUINOENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 1, Ficures 1-3 


This race comes from Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, Oriente 
Province. It is easily distinguished from F. (F.) pseudotortwm 
pseudotortum by its small size, and from F. (/.) pseudotortum baya- 
mense by its strong ribbing. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535874, has 5.3 whorls remaining, the tip 
being broken, and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.; greater diameter, 
9.9 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PSEUDOTORTUM BAYAMENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 1, FIGURES 4-6 


This race was collected by Victor Rodriguez at the foot of Pan de 
Azitcar, Sierra Maestra, southwest of Bayamo. It differs from the 
other two forms in being much more rotund and much more openly 
umbilicated and in having considerably finer sculpture. The peris- 
tome is also more reflected at the junction of the basal lip and columella. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535875, has 6.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 18.8 mm.; greater diameter, 10.1 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) YUNQUENSE, new species 


PLATE 2, Figures 19-21 


Shell very small, pale orange, with the last part of the last whorl 
behind the peristome usually red. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, 
smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, narrowly shouldered 
at the summit and marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, 
which are not equal in strength or regularly disposed. Suture strongly 
constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, 
rather broadly openly umbilicated, and with an obscure angle at the 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Z 


edge of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome expanded, thick- 
ened, and double the width of that of the outer lip on the anterior 
columellar wall and the adjacent basal area, and only about one-half 
as wide on the posterior columella and parietal side. Operculum 
typically farcimenid. The species appears restricted to Yunque de 
Baracoa, Oriente Province. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535888, was collected by Arango. It has 
6.4 whorls and measures: Height, 17.8 mm.; greater diameter, 9.6 mm. 

This species was listed as Megalomastoma seminudum by Pfeiffer, 
Gundlach, and Arango. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA (Poey) 


In this species the shell varies immensely in shape and color in the 
different subspecies. The form may be elongate-ovate or elongate- 
ovate-conic; some individuals are comparatively slender; others, obese. 
Most of the specimens, having lost their periostracum, are soiled white 
and they range from this through lemon yellow to rose red. The 
periostracum is usually thin and translucent. It also varies from 
wax color to pale wood brown. The umbilicus varies from open to 
closed. Regardless of what the variance mentioned above may be, 
the species has in common a thickened peristome, which is protracted 
into a clawlike element at the junction of the outer and basal lip. 

This species is nearest related to F. (F.) pseudotortum, from which 
its ungulate peristome will readily differentiate it. 

The species appears confined to Oriente Province, where we are 
recognizing nine subspecies, which the following key will help to 
differentiate. 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA 


Umbilicus open. 
Shell large, height more than 26 mm. 


asthwhorlsoran ge: eas seo ee semivestitum 
Masts whorl not oranges. 20-2 See See Fee See holguinense 
Shell smaiiers height: 24 mmor less= 232225222 ae perconvexum 


Umbilicus closed. 
Shell very obese. 
Umbilicus bordered with a very conspicuous keel____~__ elephantinum 
Umbilicus bordered with an obsolete keel____-__-._------_~- mirandum 
Shell not very obese. 
Whorls well rounded. 


Lip: decidedly, protractenes 2 80 Ts fea eee ee te ungula 

ip not decidedly. protracteds=-2 22 ee mayariense 
Whorls flattish. 

Shelljrose colored = esas Set eee eee ee ee mayense 


Shell orange —_--- ele pa ee te ce BAL guantanamense 


8 BULLETIN 18 1, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA SEMIVESTITUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 1, FIGURES 25-27 


This race is openly umbilicated. It is much larger than the other 
member of that group described here, namely, /. (F.) ungula hol- 
guinense. The specimens retaining their periostracum show this to be 
wood brown with an olivaceous tinge, streaked with darker axial lines. 
When denuded, the last whorl is brilliantly reddish orange. The hair- 
like axial threads in this race are stronger and the base of the last 
turn is more attenuated than those of &. (7.) ungula holquinense. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535884, from Brazo del Pino, Woodfred, 
Mayari, Oriente Province, was collected by I. Rivas. It has 6.5 whorls 
remaining, having lost the nuclear tip, and measures: Height, 33.0 
mm.; greater diameter, 13.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA HOLGUINENSE, new subspecies 


PuaTE 1, Ficures 13-15 


The type of this subspecies was collected by Garcia Feria at the 
Finca de Garcet, Holguin, Oriente Province. We also have speci- 
mens collected by Quesada between Cacocum and San German, and 
others obtained by Dr. Aguayo at Baguano, east of Holguin, Oriente 
Province. 

This race shares with F. (F.) wngula semivestitum the open umbil- 
icus. It differs from it in having a much stronger carina limiting the 
umbilicus and when denuded in not being brilliant orange on the last 
turn, and in having the axial hairlike riblets finer. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535877, has 6.8 whorls remaining and mea- 
sures: Height, 26.5 mm.; greater diameter, 13.4 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA PERCONVEXUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 1, Figures 10-12 


This is a small race, the type of which was collected by Gundlach at 
Yarayabo, Oriente Province. We also have specimens from Central 
Palma, Corralillo, northwest of Santiago, from between Baire and 
Jiguani, also between Baire and Los Negros, and from San Luis, north 
of Santiago. Likewise from Manaca, La Plata. While widely dis- 
tributed, it is fairly constant in form, although the coloration varies 
materially from flesh colored to roseolate. It is nearest related to F. 
(F.) ungula mayariense, from which its much smaller size will readily 
differentiate it. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535881, has 5.4 whorls remaining and mea- 
sures: Height, 24 mm.; greater diameter, 12.5 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 9 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA ELEPHANTINUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 2, FiaurEs 13-15 


This very obese race was collected by Dr. S. Molina at Loma Santa 
Fe, Guantinamo, Oriente Province. The only member of the ungula 
complex resembling this is 7. (F.) ungula mirandum (Pilsbry), from 
which its conspicuous tumid umbilical keel distinguishes it. It is also 
more inclined toward lemon-yellow, instead of being rosy in coloration, 
and the basal lip is more protracted. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535887, has 5.0 whorls remaining and mea- 
sures: Height, 32.3 mm.; greater diameter, 17.3 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MIRANDUM (Pilsbry) 
PLATE 2, Ficurres 16-18 


1928. Megalomastoma ungula mirandum Prrspry, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 
Year Book for 1928, p. 17. 


This subspecies was collected by Drs. Pilsbry and d’Alté Welch at 
Central Miranda, between Mayari and Santiago, Oriente Province. 
It resembles in obeseness F. (F.) ungula elephantinum but is dis- 
tinguished by having the shell much more roseolate and the umbilical 
bounding keel less conspicuous. Also, the lip is not protracted as in 
that subspecies. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 464468, a topo- 
type, has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 33.0 mm.; 
greater diameter, 15.9 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA UNGULA (Poey) 


PLATE 1, FicurREs 28-30 


1856. Megalomastoma ungula Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla 
de Cuba, vol. 2, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 1-4. 

The typical race we have from Santiago, Vista Alegre, San Juan 
Hill and the Pedrito Quarry near Santiago, central Oriente, and the 
mouth of Magdalena River. The type was collected at Santiago and 
given to Poey by Dr. Gutierrez. 

The subspecies is of medium size, varying in color from pale lemon 
to very faintly roseolate. It has the peristome decidedly protracted 
at the junction of the outer and basal lip, giving it a decidedly ungulate 
appearance. The umbilicus is practically covered by the reflected peri- 
stome, the last whorl being materially attenuated, and terminates in a 
fairly conspicuous carina, marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 1044386, is one re- 
ceived from Poey collected at Santiago. It has 6.5 whorls remaining 
and measures: Height, 29.0 mm.; greatest diameter, 13.2 mm. 


10 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


It is distinguished from the other forms with closed umbilicus and 
nonobese shape by having the whorls rounded. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MAYARIENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 1, Ficures 19-21 


This subspecies was collected by J. B. Henderson at the Farallones 
de Nipe, Piedra Gorda, Canapti, near Cayo del Rey, all places near 
Mayari. The type comes from Farallones de Nipe. 

The race is most nearly related to F. (F.) ungula ungula (Poey), 
from which its less protracted aperture and stronger axial sculpture 
will readily differentiate it. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535883, has 7.2 whorls and measures: 
Height, 28.0 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA MAYENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 1, FicurEs 16-18 


This race was collected by Dr. Ramsden about Alto Songo, La Maya, 
Finca Isabelita, and Finca Santa Teresa, Oriente Province. It is a 
rose-colored race with closed umbilicus and a strong carina bordering 
it. The whorls are marked by rather strong slightly retractively 
curved axial riblets, which become weakened on the last turn. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535885, from La Maya, has 7.5 whorls re- 
maining and measures: Height, 27.9 mm.; greater diameter, 13.5 mm. 

The brilliant rose color will differentiate this easily from the other 
members with closed umbilicus. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) UNGULA GUANTANAMENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 1, FicurES 22-24 


We have this subspecies from a number of stations ranging about 
Guantinamo. The individual stations are Vinculo, where the type 
was obtained, Saltadero, Sierra des Canasta, and Yateras, Oriente 
Province. 

This is an orange-colored race with closed umbilicus. It resembles 
most nearly /. (F.) ungula mayense, from which its less strong axial 
sculpture and paler coloration will differentiate it. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535886, has 7.4 whorls and measures: 
Height, 18.6 mm.; greater diameter, 13.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM, new species 


Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate, varying in color from uni- 
formly wax yellow to bicolor, that is, the early whorls may be pale 
and the last darker, frequently dark chestnut-brown. Nuclear whorls 
about 1.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 11 


rounded, marked by closely spaced, very slender, almost hairlike, re- 
tractively curved axial riblets. Suture well marked. Periphery 
rounded. Base moderately long, quite openly umbilicated in /. (F.) 
camagueyanum mayajiguense, a little less so in F’. (/'.) camagueyanum 
camagueyanum, and even less so in F. (F.) camagueyanum florencia- 
num, in which the umbilicus is for the greater part concealed. Aper- 
ture subcircular; peristome much thickened on the outer, basal, and 
inner lip, and reflected; the posterior edge of the reflected peristome 
is sharp. The thickened peristome of the inner lip does not quite 
reach the preceding turn, but leaves a conspicuous gap. The peristome 
of the parietal wall is not thickened. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

This species ranges through the north and northwestern portion 
of the Sierra Cubitas and extends to the Jatibonico. 

We are recognizing three subspecies, which the following key and 
descriptions will help to differentiate: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM 


IM DUT CUS erat eres Cee eee ee ee ee mayajiguense 
Umbilicus not broad. 
Shell large, height more than 27 mm-_-__----__----~------- camagueyanum 
Shell smaller, height less than 25 mm______--_--------___--- florencianum 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM MAYAJIGUENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 2, Fiacures 28-30 


We have this race from a number of stations, namely, the north 
slope of the Sierra de Jatibonico, Veredas de los Broqueles, del 
Chorrerén y del Alunado, Sierra de Matahambre, and Sierra de 
Canoa, Mayajigua, Santa Clara Province. 

This race has a quite regular convex outline with the early whorls 
pale olive and the last one much darker, not infrequently purplish. 
Its chief distinction, however, lies in the fact that the umbilicus is 
more widely open than in any other race and the bounding keel very 
conspicuous. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535892, comes from the north slope of the 
Sierra de Jatibonico at Los Broqueles. Having lost the extreme 
tip, the remaining 6.3 whorls measure: Height, 24.5 mm.; greater 
diameter, 12.3 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM CAMAGUEYANUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 2, FIGURES 25-27 


This race comes chiefly from the Cubitas Mountains, Camagtiey 
Province. Bartsch collected it at Los Corrales de los Cangilones and 
at Finca Los Cangilones. Both of these stations are at the foothills 
of the Cubitas Mountains. In the mountains it was obtained at 


12 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Vereda del Burro in several stations on this path. It was also se- 
cured in Paso de la Guanaja, in the Paso de Jas Escaleras, Paso de 
los Paredones, and Paso de Lesca. In each of these passes series 
of specimens were taken at various stations. 

This is the largest race of the group. It is unicolor and has the 
umbilicus fairly open, not as wide, however, as in /. (/.) cama- 
gueyanum mayajiguense. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535898, comes from Los Corrales de los 
Cangilones. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 27.4 mm.; 
greater diameter, 14.5 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) CAMAGUEYANUM FLORENCIANUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 2, Figures 7-9 


This race was collected by Drs. Pilsbry and Welch on the cliffs 
near Florencia, Camagiiey Province. The early whorls in this race 
are a little darker than in the rest and the last one usually has the 
purplish tinge of the two-colored forms, which is also the color 
of the interior. The peristome is decidedly expanded, thickened, and 
reflected at the junction of the columella and basal lip. It is quite 
narrow on the parietal wall and leaves exposed a fairly large por- 
tion of the umbilicus, thereby displaying the umbilical carina. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535894, has 5.0 whorls remaining and 
measures: Height, 21.3 mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI, new species 


Shell rather small, varying from elongate-ovate to ovate in out- 
line. The color ranges from wax yellow through olive to orange, 
and the shells may be unicolor or bicolor, that is, the last whorl may 
be chestnut-brown. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, smooth. Postnuclear 
whorls well rounded, marked by slender, exceedingly fine, closely 
spaced, hairlike axial riblets. Suture strongly constricted. Periph- 
ery well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, usually almost hid- 
den by the reflected peristome. Aperture circular; peristome much 
thickened and reflected on the outer, basal, and columellar portion, 
much narrower on the parietal wall, where it is somewhat excavated. 
The broadly expanded portion of the peristome is always sharp and 
knife-edged at the extreme posterior edge of the reflected part. The 
peristome of the inner lip touches the preceding turn in Ff. (F.) 
wrighti biayaense and F. (F.) wrighti wrighti and almost so in the 
other two subspecies. 

This species ranges through the southern and eastern complex of 
the Sierras de Guaicanamar and Najaza to Sibanicti to the Lomas 
de Borje and Santa Cruz, south and east of the Rio Maximo in the 
Province of Santa Clara. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 13 


We are recognizing four subspecies, as follows: 
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI 


Peristome of inner lip almost touching the preceding turn. 


Shelli Ova tetas ffi Lbs PEE ee ee Eh oe A ee Tat biayaense 

Shellzelongate-ovaite:ssa° 5 ee tise a et Ye Oe ee eee? wrighti 
Peristome of inner lip not touching the preceding turn. 

Wimbilicaly carina: COnSPICUOUG Soe a= en ee ee eee martianum 

Wmibilicalscarinaonot(conspicuouse=s— 2 == eee najazaense 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI BIAYAENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 2, FiguRES 1-3 


This subspecies comes from San Martin de Biaya, 15 miles south of 
Marti, Camagiiey Province. It is a chubby race in which the early 
whorls are pale olivaceous with the last one tending toward reddish. 
The interior of the aperture is the color of the exterior of the last whorl. 
Its chief distinction from the other members consists of the fact that 
the rather broadly expanded inner lip extends up and almost touches 
the preceding whorl, leaving a mere line of separation. In this char- 
acter it agrees with F. (F.) wrighti wrighti, from which it is readily 
distinguished by its gibbose outline. The parietal wall of the peristome 
is much narrower than the rest and almost suggests the peculiar lunate 
aspect of F. (F.) bituberculatum (Sowerby). 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535889, has 5.1 whorls remaining, the extreme 
tip being lost, and measures: Height, 22.4 mm.; greater diameter, 
13.4mm. It was collected by Victor Rodriguez. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI WRIGHTI, new subspecies 
PLATE 2, FIGURES 22-24 


Bartsch collected this race in large numbers at Loma Santa Cruz, 
near Senado, Camagiiey Province. We have it also from Loma de 
Borje and between Puerto Principe and Tunas, where it was collected 
by Wright. This subspecies agrees with F. (7.) wrighti biayaense in 
the approximation of the expanded lip to the preceding turn. It is, 
however, much slenderer than that race, and its color scheme is much 
more inclined to bicolor, that is, the early turns wax yellow and the 
last one purplish brown. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535891, comes from Loma Santa Cruz. It 
has 5.6 whorls remaining, having lost the extreme tip, and measures: 
Height, 22.7 mm.; greater diameter, 11.8 mm. 

Bartsch’s field notes say that the animal of this subspecies is pale 
pink, with numerous very small white dots on the back and sides. The 
sole of the foot is a little deeper pink than the sides, and the tentacles 
are coral-red. 


428349—42 2 


14 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI MARTIANUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 2, FIcuRES 10-12 


We have this race from Finca San Carlos, Marti, which is the type 
locality, and also from El Zanjén de Sibanicti, and from San Antonio 
Abad, Berrocal, and Guaimaro, Camagiiey Province. This small sub- 
species is unicolor orange, with white peristome and white umbilical 
region. The peristome is exceedingly expanded and thickened except 
at the parietal wall, where it is very narrow and exposes the umbilicus. 
In general shape it resembles F. (F.) wrighti biayaense but is readily 
distinguished from that by its smaller size and by having the inner lip 
decidedly distinct from the preceding turn. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535896, which was collected by Victor Rod- 
riguez, has 5.8 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.; 
greater diameter, 11.0 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) WRIGHTI NAJAZAENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 2, Figures 4-6 


The type of this subspecies comes from El] Cacaotal de Sifontes, 
Sierra de Najaza, Camagiiey Province. We have it also from the 
Sierra del Cachimbo, which is between the Sierras del Chorrillo and 
de Najaza, and from the Sitrra de Guaicanamar, Palomar de San 
José, between Guaicanamar and Najaza, and Verada del Telégrafo 
in the Sierra del Chorrillo. i. 

This race resembles most nearly FP. (F.) wrighti martianum but is 
easily distinguished from that by the fact that the peristome is de- 
cidedly protracted anteriorly. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535897, has 6.9 whorls remaining and meas- 
ures: Height, 21.5 mm.; greater diameter, 138.0 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM (Sowerby) 


In this species the shell varies very much in size; some of the races 
are of medium stature, while others constitute the largest and most 
ponderous shells in the genus. In shape they vary from elongate- 
ovate to elongate-conic. In color also there is a great variation; 
some races are uniformly pale, others conspicuously bicolor, that is, 
the last whorl is purplish plum colored, while the early turns are 
usually of a wax tint. In some races both unicolor and bicolor forms 
are present. Peristome white with a yellowish tinge. The interior 
of the aperture ranges from porcelain white to purplish brown but 
is more or less constant for the different races. Nuclear whorls about 
1.5, strongly rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls, while 
rounded, vary materially in convexity in the different races. This is 
emphasized by the amount of constriction presented by the suture. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 15 


The sculpture consists of retractively curved axial riblets that vary 
materially in number and strength in the different subspecies. All 
the races show irregularly distributed pitting, which produces an 
appearance of drilling by some parasite or of partial decay. This 
character shows a tendency toward approaching Farcimen (Farci- 
men) alutaceum ([Menke] Pfeiffer), in which it reaches a maximum 
development. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, or some- 
what produced, narrowly umbilicated, with or without a limiting 
umbilical carina. The umbilicus in most races is concealed by the 
widely expanded and reflected inner peristome. Aperture large, sub- 
circular. Peristome much thickened, expanded, and reflected, ex- 
cept that of the parietal wall, always wider on the columella than the 
rest, and narrow and somewhat excised on the parietal wall. At the 
posterior angle of the aperture and at the posterior columellar ex- 
pansion, the peristome is thickened into more or less of a knob, which 
furnished the specific name bituberculatum. Operculum typically 
farcimenid, 

The species appears confined to the southern part of the Province 
of Santa Clara, where it reaches its maximum differentiation in the 
Trinidad Mountain region. 

We are recognizing five subspecies: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM 


Whorls strongly rounded. 


SHI rr CO re ee a a ket ee bituberculatum 
Sheep COLO rs eee ee tee NU ee ey Se Ee eee See eee minor 
Whorls not strongly rounded. 
PACH ED NTT) Spe eT SUI ea Ne iva ts GTS CD a giganteum 
Axial ribs not irregular or interrupted. 
Axial rib Ets) Strong ee BS he eee gutierrezi 
FASXAa Te TIDIELS NOt. SUT OW as aes See ee ee ee crassum 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM BITUBERCULATUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 3, FrcurEs 10-12 


1850. Cyclostoma bituberculatum SowrErspy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, 
Suppl, p. 164*, pl. 31a, figs. 290-291. 


This race was collected somewhere in the mountains of Trinidad, 
Santa Clara Province. It differs from all the others in being much 
slenderer, unicolor, and much more regularly conic, with the whorls 
strongly rounded, in which respect it resembles /. (7.) bitwberculatum 
minor (Kobelt). 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535901, is the only one we have 
that agrees with Sowerby’s figure. It was obtained by Dr. de la Torre 
from the ancient collection of D. Tomas Iradi in Cienfuegos. It has 
4.9 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 32.7 mm.; greater di- 
ameter, 17.3 mm. 


16 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM MINOR (Kobelt) 
PLATE 3, FicurEs 16-18 


1843. Cyclostoma auriculatum SoweErBy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 151, 
pl. 31, fig. 277 (not Cyclostoma auriculatum Orbigny, 1842). 

1902. Megalomastoma (Farcimen) bituberculatum minor Koper, Das Tierreich, 
Cyclophoridae, p. 265. 

This subspecies was collected by H. N. Lowe at Puriales, Santa Rosa, 
Trinidad, Santa Clara Province. It agrees with the typical race, P. 
(F.) bituberculatum bituberculatum (Sowerby), in having the whorls 
strongly rounded but differs from it in being more ovate and in having 
the last whor! plum colored. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535902, has 5.0 whorls remain- 
ing and measures: Height, 28.5 mm.; greater diameter, 15.3 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM GIGANTEUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 8, Figures 1-3 


We have this subspecies from Sopimpa, a railroad station between 
Fomento and Trinidad, and Loma del Caballete, Sierra de Gavilanes 
of the Trinidad region, Santa Clara Province. It differs from the 
other races of /. (F.) bituberculatum in having the axial ribs of the 
later turns irregularly developed; in size it resembles F’. (F'.) betuber- 
culatum gutierrezi and F. (F.) bituberculatum crassum, from both of 
which the irregularity of its ribs will distinguish it. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535904, which comes from Sopimpa, has 5.0 
whorls remaining, and measures: Height, 33.7 mm.; greater diameter, 
17.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM GUTIERREZI, new subspecies 
PLATE 3, Fiaures 4-6 


We have this race from a number of stations ranging around Banao, 
south of Sancti Spiritus and southeast of Trinidad, Santa Clara 
Province; for example, Finca Angelina, La Quinta, El Cacahual, and 
Guayacanes; also from Loma de Jarao, Blanquizal, near Guayos. 

This is a large pale race, as large as if not larger than 7. (/.) 
bituberculatum giganteum, from which it is easily differentiated by 
being unicolor. The two races are also zoogeographically distinct. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535906, comes from Finca Angelina and 
has 5.4 whorls remaining. It measures: Height, 36.8 mm.; greater 
diameter, 18.6 mm, 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) BITUBERCULATUM CRASSUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 3, FicuREs 13-15 
This subspecies comes from the southern mountain complex of 


Santa Clara Province. We have it from Finca Pitajones, the Cara- 
cusey Valley, Trinidad; Loma de Gabino Galvez; Loma Esperanza 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 1y 


and Las Damas near Guayos; Finca El Silencio and Cortinas de Veloso, 
Canttii; Loma Cariblanca, Fomento, Trinidad; and Loma Caja de 
Agua, Tuinict, Sancti Spiritus. 

This race is large like /’. (7'.) bituberculatum gutierrezi, which it re- 
sembles in many ways but from which it differs by having the peri- 
stome very much intensified and in having the axial riblets decidedly 
reduced, almost obsolete on the last whorl. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535907, was collected by Prof. Pedro Guitart 
at Finca Pitajones, Trinidad. It has 4.6 whorls remaining and 
measures : Height, 32.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM (Poey) 


Shell varying very greatly in size in the different subspecies. The 
shape is equally variable, ranging from elongate-turrited to ovate. 
The early whorls are orange-red, or brownish tinted, or even flesh 
colored. The last whorl] is dark reddish brown with a purplish tinge. 
Nuclear whorls about 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. The post- 
nuclear whorls range from well rounded to inflated. The axial sculp- 
ture on the early whorls consists of quite regular and regularly spaced 
riblets. On the last turn these may evanesce or become intensified and 
irregular. Suture well constricted, rendered conspicuous by the slight 
shoulder at the summit of the whorls. Periphery well rounded. Base 
moderately openly umbilicated with a carina of varying strength limit- 
ing the umbilicus on the outside. Aperture subcircular; peristome 
greatly thickened and expanded on the outer, basal, and inner lip, 
narrow on the parietal portion, thin and sharp at the posterior edge. 
The peristome is somewhat protracted on the anterior columellar por- 
tion. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

The species appears limited to Santa Clara Province, whence we are 
recognizing six subspecies: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM 


ast whorl almost Smooth 2s oes 21 es ey Dee ts STs aD magister 
Last whorl not smooth. 
Axial riblets very fine. 
shellilargzesheizhtmore thany2imine sae ee ee collare 
Shell.small, height less than, 22,mm- 2-2-2 2) ee poeyi 
Axial riblets not very fine. 
Axial ribs of last whorl irregular. 


SS GTI Vick Gee Ses ee eee FD Oh a a lek seminudum 
Shel? elongate-cvatelates fhe eee ee eRe guitarti 
Axial ribs of lastswhorl motinregwlars 2525 sn ea ee ern Pe leoni 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM MAGISTER, new subspecies 
PLATE 4, FiIcuRES 19-21 


This subspecies comes from the mountains about Trinidad, Santa 
Clara Province. We have it from Nacimiento del Rio Caballero 
near Letran and from La Vigia. 


18 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


It is easily distinguished from the other subspecies by its very 
large size and much smoother surface, in which respect it approaches 
F. (F.) seminudum poeyi. 

The type, U.S.N.M No. 535914, which comes from Nacimiento 
del Rio Caballero, has 6.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 
33.0 mm.; greater diameter, 15.4 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM COLLARE (Pcey MSS.), new subspecies 
Piate 4, Ficures 7-9 


This subspecies is rather widely distributed. It ranges from 
Corrallilo eastward along the hills of the north coast to the Sierra 
de Meneses, Santa Clara Province. We have it also from a few 
scattered places to the south of this range. Through this range we 
find considerable variation, not so much in size and general shape 
as in the strength of the peristome and the amount of its reflection 
over the umbilicus, which is also of variable width, sometimes being 
quite open. There is likewise considerable variation in the strength 
of the obsolete angle at the outer limitation of the umbilicus. Any 
of these characters, if constant, might suggest subspecific distine- 
tion, but in the present instance this is precluded because in the 
large series of specimens before us we find that the variations re- 
ferred to may be present in any of the population groups examined. 
Almost 60 lots, most of them representing a considerable series, are 
before us. The subspecies is much larger than F. (/.) seminudum 
poeyi, with which it shares the fine axial ribbing. 

As a rule, in perfect specimens the early whorls are covered by 
a thin golden-yellow periostracum; the later whorls are dark, and 
by far the largest percentage of specimens are bicolor, though uni- 
color individuals are not rare. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535909, comes 
from La Cantarilla, San Juan de los Yeras, Santa Clara Province. 
It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 28.6 mm.; greater 
diameter, 14.7 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM POEYI, new subspecies 
Pirate 4, FIGuRES 25-27 


We have this subspecies from Loma de Santa Fé, Camajuani; 
San Juan de los Remedios, near Santa Clara; Orillas del Rio Cala- 
bazas, Placetas; Los Damas near Guayos; Central Mapos, west of 
Sabana, Sancti Spiritus. 

This subspecies and F. (F.) s. collare are distinguished from all 
the others by having very fine, closely spaced axial riblets, which 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 19 


are quite regular on the last turn. It differs from /. (F.) s. collare 
by its much smaller size. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535917, comes from Loma de Santa Fé. 
It has 6.5 whorls and measures: Height, 20.0 mm.; greater diameter, 
11.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM SEMINUDUM (Poey) 
PLATE 4, FIGURES 22-24 


1854. Megalomastoma seminudum Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la 
Isla de Cuba, vol. 1, pp. 405-406. 

This subspecies comes from the region of Trinidad. We have it 
from La Vigia, Fomento, and Giiinia de Soto, and from Arroyo La 
Lima, Finca el Retiro, and Cagiieiras in Sancti Spiritus. 

This race is small compared with /. (F.) seminudum magister, from 
which it is also readily distinguished by the irregularity of the axial 
riblets of the last whorl. It resembles most closely F. (¥.) seminudum 
guitarti, from which it differs in having the shell much more inflated. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535915, is one received from 
Poey without specific locality. It has 5.0 whorls remaining and meas- 
ures: Height, 22.8 mm.; greater diameter, 11.7 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM GUITARTI, new subspecies 
PLATE 4, FI1GUREs 1-3 


This subspecies was collected by Guitart at Finca Caimiabo, Sancti 
Spiritus. It is a small race, with the axial riblets on the last turn 
irregularly developed. It resembles most nearly the typical /. (F.) 
seminudum seminudum (Poey), from which it differs by its smaller 
size and much less inflated turns. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535916, has 5.2 whorls remaining and meas- 
ures: Height, 21.0 mm.; greater diameter, 10.4 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SEMINUDUM LEONI, new subspecies 
PLATE 4, Ficures 16-18 


This subspecies was collected by Hermano Leén and Professor Gui- 
tart at Hornos de Cal, Vista Alegre, Sancti Spiritus, Santa Clara 
Province. It isa little smaller than /. (F.) seminudum magister and 
has the axial ribs more strongly developed. It is much larger than 
the other three subspecies here listed, differing also from F. (F.) semi- 
nudum poey? in having the axial ribs stronger and from the other two 
smaller races in having them regular on the last whorl. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535908, has 4.5 whorls remaining and meas- 
ures: Height, 25.4 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm. 


20 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) TORREI (Guitart) 


PLATE 6, FIGURES 4-6 


1936. Megalomastoma torrei Guirart, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. “Felipe 
Poey,” 1936, pp. 105-106, figs. 1, 2. 


Shell very small, elongate-ovate. The early whorls are wax yellow 
with an orange flush, the last one being darker. The nuclear whorls 
are decollated. Postnuclear whorls rather well rounded, marked by 
slender, almost hairlike, slightly retractively curved axial riblets which 
are about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. These 
riblets become a little more distantly spaced on the last whorl. Suture 
well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, 
openly, moderately broadly umbilicated, the umbilical angle marked 
by an obsolete cord. Aperture circular; peristome thickened, except 
on the parietal wall, where it is much thinner. Operculum typically 
farcimenid. 

The specimens in our collection are paratypes received from Guitart 
and were collected on the banks of the Rio Manajanabo. The speci- 
men described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535918, has 4.5 whorls re- 
maining and measures: Height, 16.9 mm.; greater diameter, 8.4 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM, new species 


Shell varying from medium size to large, pale chestnut-brown, with 
the peristome pale yellow. The nucleus consists of a little more than 
one turn, which is well rounded and smooth. Postnuclear whorls 
rather inflated, moderately well rounded, marked by almost vertical, 
gently curved axial riblets which are about as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. 
Base rather openly umbilicated with an obtuse carina marking the 
outer edge of the umbilicus. The umbilical wall is marked by the 
continuation of the axial riblets. Aperture circular, oblique, decidedly 
expanded; the peristome is broadly expanded, reflected, and decidedly 
thickened, somewhat auriculated at the posterior angle and also at 
the posterior portion of the inner lip, which does not touch the pre- 
ceding turn. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

This species occupies the northeastern mountains of Santa Clara 
Province. 

We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key and 
descriptions will help to differentiate : 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM 


Diameter more than 17, mmo 8.) = ae obesum 
Diameter Tess scien ly) WN ee re subobesum 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA mk 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM OBESUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 3, Fiacures 7-9 


This race was collected by Bartsch on Loma Platero. It is much 
more gibbose than the smaller eastern race, /’. (7.) 0. subobesum. 
We have also seen specimens of it from Seibado de Yaguajay and from 
El Resbalillo, Cambao, Yaguajay, and Remedios. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535908, comes from Loma Platero. It has 
4.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 31.4 mm.; greater diam- 
eter, 18.6 mm. 

Bartsch described the animal of specimens collected on Loma Platero 
as being of a general pale pink tone with buffish snout. The whole body 
except the sole of the foot is covered with small flattened tubercles, 
which are marked by numerous fine white dots. Tentacles bright 
coral-red. Sole of foot pale pink. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) OBESUM SUBOBESUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 3, FIGURES 19-21 


This race ranges through the mogotes about Remedios and Yagua- 
jay. We have it from the Dos Sierras, Central San Agustin; Caicaje, 
Loma de Bueno Vista and the north slope of the Sierra de Meneses 
east of Yaguajay, also opposite Jungalito. It can be easily distin- 
guished from typical F. (/.) obesum obesum by its much smaller size 
and less gibbose form. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 516710, comes from the paredénes on the 
north side of the second mogote west of the gap in the Dos Sierras, 
Santa Clara Province. It has 6 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 28.1 mm.; greater diameter, 14.5 mm. 

The specimens collected by Bartsch at the Central San Agustin and 
in the Sierra de Jatibonico, opposite Los Broquelles, were described 
by him as having the entire animal flesh colored with a rosy flush, 
with the tentacles bright coral-red. The papillae of the sides with 
numerous white dots. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM ([Menke] Pfeiffer) 


Shell elongate-ovate, varying very greatly in size in the different 
subspecies. The early whorls are wax yellow; this changes to dull 
orange on the succeeding turns and finally to dull reddish brown, or 
dull plum purple on the last whorl. Peristome white with a yellow 
tinge. Interior of the aperture reddish brown. Nuclear whorls 
almost 2, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly 
rounded, the first marked by more or less regular, retractively slant- 


22 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ing axial riblets which on the succeeding whorls break up into shorter 
elements to form a very complex and irregular network of meshes, 
between which deep pits are present. The pittings rather than the 
meshes that enclose them catch one’s eye. Suture deeply constricted. 
Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat produced, openly umbili- 
cated, with the edge of the umbilicus more or less carinated, not 
pitted. Umbilical wall marked by lines of growth only. Aperture 
oval with the long axis oblique to that of the spire. Peristome de- 
cidedly expanded, thickened, and reflected, excepting the parietal 
portion, widest on the columella, more or less alate at the posterior 
part of the columella and outer lip. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

This species is confined to the Trinidad Mountain complex of 
southern Santa Clara Province. 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM 


Shell large, height about 30 mm__----___----------------_------- magnificum 
Shell medium: sized, height about 25 mm-=__-==_--____ "===" "== =__= alutaceum 
Shell small, height about 17 mm__---------------------------------- digitale 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM MAGNIFICUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 4, FicurEs 13-15 


This subspecies occurs at Sopimpa, Santa Clara Province. The 
shell of this race is very large, agreeing in shape and sculpture with 
F. (F.) alutaceum alutaceum ({Menke] Pfeiffer) and F. (F.) alu- 
taceum digitale (Gundlach), from which it differs by a little weaker 
pitting on the last turn and by its gigantic size. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535898, has 5.3 whorls remaining and 
measures: Height, 30.8 mm.; greater diameter, 15.4 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM ALUTACEUM ([Menke] Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 4, FicurEs 10-12 


1846. Cyclostoma alutaceum (Menke) Prerrrrr, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 3, pp. 
85-86. 


We have this typical race from Quemado Feo, north of Trinidad. 
It is intermediate in size between F. (F.) alutaceum, magnificum and 
F. (F.) alutaceum digitale (Gundlach). It has the whorls a little less 
convex. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 585899, has 4.5 
whorls remaining and measures: Height, 25.1 mm.; greater diameter, 
13.3 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 23 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ALUTACEUM DIGITALE (Gundlach) 
PLATE 4, FIGuRES 4-6 
1857. Megalomastoma digitale GunpLACH, Malak. Blitter, vol. 4, p. 114. 


We have this small race from Letrén and Puriales in Trinidad; 
Soledad near Cienfuegos; Ternero; and Sierra de San Juan, Santa 
Clara Province. The small size of this subspecies will easily differ- 
entiate it from the rest. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535900, comes 
from Letrén and has 5 whorls remaining. It measures: Height, 
16.4 mm.; greater diameter, 10.1 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ROCAI, new species 
PLATE 5, Ficures 13-15 


Shell of medium size, the early whorls pale yellowish, the last chest- 
nut-brown; peristome yellowish white. The nucleus consists of a 
little more than one well-rounded smooth turn. The postnuclear 
whorls are well rounded and marked by irregular, slightly retractively 
curved, somewhat sinuous, poorly developed axial riblets, which 
branch and anastomose in an irregular manner. In addition to this 
there are fine irregular pittings suggesting those of #. (/.) alutaceum 
([Menke] Pfeiffer). Suture well constricted. Periphery well 
rounded. Base sloping suddenly toward the obsolete carina that 
marks the outer edge of the open umbilicus. The umbilical wall is 
marked by the continuation of the incremental lines. Aperture cir- 
cular; peristome double, the outer decidedly expanded, thin at the 
edge, concave, turned up into conspicuous auricles at the posterior 
angle and at the posterior termination of the outer peristome of the 
inner lip. It is very narrow on the parietal wall, touching the pre- 
ceding whorl only in the middle. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

The type, U. S. N. M. No. 535905, was collected by Father Roca at 
Cabezadas del Caracusey, which is between Trinidad and Sancti 
Spiritus, Santa Clara Province. It has 5.4 whorls remaining and 
measures: Height, 17.0 mm.; greater diameter, 15.8 mm. 

The irregular sculpture and “worm-eaten” pittings suggest a close 
affinity with F. (F.) alutaceum, from which it can readily be dis- 
tinguished by the sharp-edged outer peristome, which lacks the heavy 
thickening characteristic of /. (F.) alutacewm. Prof. P. Guitart has 
also collected specimens of this at Cortinas de Corengue and Veguetas 
de Buenos Aires. 


24 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM (Orbigny) 


Moderately large shells of very elongate-ovate outline. Early 
whorls flesh colored or orange in one race; the last or last two whorls 
purplish brown. Nuclear whorls about 1.3, small, well rounded, 
smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, 
marked by fairly regularly developed, slender, retractively curved 
axial riblets, which on the last whorl are almost sigmoid; these riblets 
are narrower than the spaces that separate them. In addition to this, 
the whorls show distantly, irregularly distributed, small, round pits 
suggestive of Ff. (f.) alutaceum ({Menke] Pfeiffer). Suture mod- 
erately constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base slightly pro- 
tracted, moderately openly umbilicated and marked like the spire. 
Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded, except that of 
the parietal wall, much thickened, with the posterior edge of the 
reflection of the outer lip sharp. The peristome of the inner lip is 
decidedly produced, which lends to the aperture an earlike appear- 
ance, hence the name. It does not approach the preceding whorl but 
is separated from it by a large gap. A knoblike thickening may be 
present at the posterior termination of the peristome of both the inner 
and outer lip. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

We are recognizing four subspecies, three of which appear confined 
to the southwest side of Santa Clara and southeast of Matanzas 
Provinces, while the fourth stretches from the north coast at Cardenas 
southward to Coliseo and San Miguel. 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM 


Peristome veryemuch thickened] 2) 22) Sess eee senectum 
Peristome not very much thickened. 
arly whorls Oranges. 22 =. 2. a See ee eee clenchi 
Early whorls pale. 
Shell large) height;more than; 29 mms sarees eee ee bicolor 
Shell smaller, heightiless: than (26mm 22" See auriculatum 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM SENECTUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 5, FicuREs 16-18 


Two specimens from Cayo Carenas, near Cienfuegos, collected by 
Henderson appear to be semifossil. They differ very greatly from the 
other subspecies in having the peristome enormously thickened and 
decidedly effused on the columellar side. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535911, has 5 whorls remaining and meas- 
ures: Height, 26.5 mm.; greater diameter, 14.1 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 20 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM CLENCHI, new subspecies 
PLATE 5, Figures 7-9 


We have this subspecies from Colonia Guabairo, Central Soledad, 
Cienfuegos; and Hatiguanico, Cabo Zapata, Santa Clara Province. 
It is much larger than the typical F. (f.) auriculatum auriculatum 
(Orbigny) and much darker in coloration, the early whorls usually 
being deep orange or the next to the last rosy and the last plum colored. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535913, comes from Guabairo. It has 5.3 
whorls remaining and measures: Height, 30.0 mm.; greater diameter, 
14.7 mm. 

FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM BICOLOR (Gould) 


PLATE 5, Ficures 19-21 


1844. Cyclostoma auriculatum bicolor GovuLp, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 
cover p. 494. 

This race centers around Coliseo; we have it also from Los Chivos, 
Cimarrones, near Cardenas, Matanzas Province. It resembles most 
nearly the typical race in shape, sculpture, and coloration, also in the 
shape of the aperture, but it is uniformly larger. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535912, was collected by Bartsch 
on the steep paredénes west of the pass at Coliseo. It has 7.8 whorls 
remaining and measures: Height, 30.3 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) AURICULATUM AURICULATUM (Orbigny) 
PLATE 5, FicurEes 1-3 


1842. Cyclostoma auriculatum Orpteny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et 
naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 257, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2. 

1851. Cyclostoma solenatum PorEy, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla 
de Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 7, figs. 17, 18. 

1852. Oyclostoma idolum (Férussac MS.) Premrer, Monographia pneumono- 
pomorum viventium, vol. 1, p. 180. 

We have seen this subspecies from the following localities: Zara- 
banda and Yaguaramas, Santa Clara Province. It differs from F. 
(F.) auriculatum bicolor (Gould), with which it agrees most closely, in 
the shape of the aperture and in being much smaller; it is less dark in 
color than Ff. (7.) auwriculatum clenchi. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535910, which comes from 
Zarabanda, has 6.0 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 25.0 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 12.7 mm. 


26 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) TORTUM (Wood) 
PLATE 5, FiaurEs 10-12, 22-24 


1828. Turbo tortus Woop, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2, Suppl., p. 20, fig. 32. 

1828. Cyclostoma tortum Woon, ibid., p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 32. 

1851. Cyclostoma apertum Pory. Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de 
Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 7, figs. 15, 16. 

1854. Megalomastoma apertum Poey, ibid., p. 405. 

Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate. Early whorls wax yellow, 
turning to brown on the last turn. Peristome white. Nuclear whorls 
1.7, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the 
early ones marked by very regular, very closely spaced, hairlike axial 
riblets, which evanesce on the last turn. Faint indications of spiral 
lirations are also present. Suture strongly constricted, rendered con- 
spicuous by the very narrowly shouldered summit of the whorls. 
The last whorl is rather long, bounded anteriorly by a low rounded 
carina, which marks the outer edge of the moderately broad open 
umbilicus. The umbilical wall is marked by axial threads, which 
are stronger here than on the outside of the last turn. Aperture 
oblique, subcircular; peristome very much thickened, reflected, nar- 
rower on the parietal wall and the columella. Operculum typically 
farcimenid. 

The two specimens figured, U.S.N.M. No. 516857, came from Los 
Palos, Nueva Paz, Habana Province. They were collected by Arango. 
One, a complete specimen, has 6.5 whorls; the other has 5.2 whorls 
remaining. They measure, respectively: Height, 27.0, 23.5 mm.; 
greater diameter, 14.0, 18.9 mm. 

There are 38 lots in the collection of the United States National 
Museum, all of which fall within the range mentioned above. 

Wood’s small figure has caused endless confusion. Most authors 
believed that it represented what we are here calling Farcimen pseudo- 
tortum, which occupies a region of eastern Cuba that was not explored 
in 1828. The aperture as figured by Wood is not quite normal for 
F. apertum Poey, a common species in Habana Province, but speci- 
mens with the characters here depicted are not infrequent. The 
swollen, overhanging middle whorl is also of not infrequent occur- 
rence in F. apertum Poey, all of which leads us to believe that F. 
tortum is without question Farcimen apertum Poey, which name it 
must replace. 

In 1851 Poey (loc. cit.) gave two figures of what he called Cyclos- 
toma apertum. Evidently through correspondence with Pfeiffer he 
was led to believe that his figures represented a variety of F. auricu- 
latum, for in 1854 (doc. cit.) he states that the figures were bad. Here 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Zh 


he gives a description of the shell and cites the south coast of Cuba 
as the home of the species. He also mentiones the ingenio (sugar 
mill) of Don J. Poey near Alacranes as a source of some of his material. 

We believe that Poey’s figures are not at all bad, that they repre- 
sent quite well the species that occurs abundantly between Habana 
and Matanzas. Many specimens distributed by Poey with the name 
Megalomastoma apertum belong to this species and add additional 
support to our conclusion. Also, Gundlach, in Pfeiffer (Malakozool. 
Blatter, vol. 8, p. 122, 1856), describes the animal of M/egalomastoma 
apertum and cites therewith Loma de Camoa as the first definite lo- 
cality for the species, which we shall consider the restricted type 
designation. A translation of Gundlach’s description of the animal 
is as follows: 

Animal beautiful rose-red with coral-red antennae, small black 
eyes on the outer bases of the short antennae. In moving about the 
head is projected very slowly about two lines beyond the shell and 
the shell is then rapidly drawn after it. The caudal portion does 
not project beyond the operculum. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI (Pfeiffer) 


Medium-sized shells with the early whorls wax color or a little 
dusky; the later turns considerably darker, in some cases even plum 
colored. Nuclear whorls small, a little more than 2, well rounded, 
smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, rather strongly rounded, 
marked by mere incremental lines or slender riblets, which vanish 
on the middle of the turns and are most emphasized on the posterior 
portion. There are faint indications of spiral hair lines. These 
may be mere color markings. Suture moderately well constricted. 
Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, openly umbilicated with a 
strongly rounded carina marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. 
Aperture almost circular; peristome broadly expanded and reflected 
except on the inner lip, which is narrower and adnate to the preced- 
ing turn. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

The species is confined to the eastern end of Pinar del Rio and the 
western part of Habana Provinces where three races are recognizable. 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI 


Axinerinlets obsolete :.. <2 ke nee Ad eS ae ek ee ee gundlachi 
Axial riblets not obsolete. 
Shell’-smaill: heizht less'than 20 mm eee gundlachiellum 


Shelldarger; height more) than) 22; mma 2) ae ee ee anafense 


28 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHI (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 6, FIGURES 22-24 


1856. Megalomastoma gundlachi Pretrrer, Malak. Blitter, vol. 3, pp. 48, 121. 
1857. Megalomastoma gundlachi Prrirrer, Noy. Conch., vol. 1, p. 96, pl. 26, 


figs. 20-22. 

Henderson and Bartsch collected this subspecies at various places 
in the Cuzco Mountain complex. For example, El Mulo; the upper 
reaches of the Rio Hondo; Pefia Blanca (El Huro) ; Lomas de Cuzco; 
and Salto de Manantiales. The typical subspecies is remarkably 
smooth, with scarcely any indication of riblets at the summit, in 
which respect it differs from F. (#.) gundlachi gundlachiellum, 
which has slight ribbing on the posterior half of the turns. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535920, comes from Loma del 
Cuzco (El Mulo). It has 7.0 whorls and measures: Height, 24.3 
mm.; greater diameter, 11.0 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHIELLUM, new subspecies 
Puats 6, Ficures 1-3 


We have this small race from the mountains north of Candelaria, 
such as El Taburete, Cayajabos, and Mogote Soton. Its smaller size 
will readily distinguish it from the other two subspecies. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535924, coming from El Taburete, Caya- 
jabos, has 5.1 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 19.6 mm.; 
greater diameter, 10.8 mm. 

Bartsch describes the animal of this subspecies, which he collected 
at Soton on a hillside west of Taburete, June 11, 1928, as follows: 
Animal flesh colored with a pinkish suffusion. The tentacles in some 
specimens are a trifle pinker than the general tone of the body; in 
others they are coral-red. Eyes black, situated at the outer base of 
the tentacles. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUNDLACHI ANAFENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 6, Figures 25-27 


This subspecies appears to be restricted to the Sierra de Anafe. 
We have a lot from Guanajay, Pinar del Rio Province, however, 
which agrees in every way with it. It resembles most nearly the 
typical race but is easily distinguished from that by having the axial 
ribs of the early whorls much finer and more closely spaced. The 
last whorl is also smoother. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535923, comes from Loma de Anafe. It 
has 7.0 whorls and measures: Height, 22.3 mm.; greater diameter, 
11.0 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 29 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM (Pfeiffer) 


Shell varying from small to medium sized, elongate-ovate, usually 
wax yellow or with the last whorl much darker, even plum colored. 
Nuclear whorls about 2, quite small, well rounded, smooth. Post- 
nuclear whorls somewhat inflated, weil rounded, marked by slightly 
sinuous axial riblets, which vary materially in spacing and develop- 
ment in the two races here recognized. Suture moderately con- 
stricted. Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, marked by an 
obsolete carina at the junction with the umbilicus, which is moder- 
ately open. Aperture subcircular; peristome thickened and reflected, 
fairly uniform in size excepting that of the parietal wall, which is 
much narrower and adnate to the preceding turn. Operculum typi- 
cally farcimenid. 

The species is confined to the central part of Pinar del Rio Prov- 
ince. We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key 
will help to differentiate: 


KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM 


Shelislarce: height more chane24 mm Ses ee eee eee leoninum 
Shellysmallsnerent jess) than’ 24) mms ie ee eee leonellum 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM LEONINUM (Pfeiffer) 


PLATE 5, FIGURES 25-27 


1856. Megalomastoma leoninum PFEIFFER, Malak. Blitter, vol. 3, pp. 48, 122. 
1857. Megalomastoma leoninum PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., vol. 1, p. 97, pl. 26, 
figs. 23-25. 


This medium-sized race comes from the higher reaches about 
Rangel. The axial ribs are comparatively strong and rather dis- 
tantly spaced, particularly upon the early whorls. Its larger size 
will easily differentiate this subspecies from F. (F.) leoninum 
leonellum. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535922, comes from the coffee 
plantation on the summit of Rangel. It has 5.4 whorls remaining and 
measures: Height, 25.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.5 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) LEONINUM LEONELLUM, new subspecies 
PLaTH 5, Fiacurrs 46 


We have this subspecies from San José, Rangel; Sierra de Limones, 
and also from a station on the road between Rangel and Guajaibon. 
Jt differs from the typical race in being considerably smaller and 
darker colored and in having the anterior portion of the whorls only 
slightly ribbed. 


428349—42—_3 


30 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535921, which comes from San José, Rangel, 
has 5.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 20.3 mm.; greater 
diameter, 10.3 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) MANI (Poey) 
PLATE 6, Ficures 16-18 


1851. Cyclostoma mani Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de 
Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 7, figs. 19-22. 
1854. Megalomastoma mani PorY, ibid., pp. 404-405. 


Shell moderately large, elongate-ovate, wax colored throughout, 
or with the last whorl brownish or even purplish. Peristome pale 
yellow. Nuclear whorls about 1.7, small, well rounded, smooth. Post- 
nuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked on the early 
turns by closely spaced, slender axial riblets, which are as fine as 
hairs. On the middle whorl these become quite reduced and on the 
later ones obsolete. Suture rather strongly constricted. Periphery 
well rounded. Base slightly protracted, narrowly umbilicated, with 
an obsolete carina marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture 
subcircular; peristome broadly expanded, particularly so on the inner 
lip, where it is decidedly produced, a little narrower on the parietal 
wall, where it is adnate to the preceding turn. 

The specimen described and figured, a topotype, U.S.N.M. No. 
535925, was received from Poey. It has 7.3 whorls remaining and 
measures: Height, 26.1 mm.; greater diameter, 13.5 mm. 

This species comes from the general region of Rangel and the Santa 
Cruz River, and extends northward to Rancho Lucas in the Mount 
Guajaibon region. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VENTRICOSUM (Orbigny) 
PLATE 6, Fiaures 13-15 


1842. Cyclostoma ventricosa Orpieny, in Sagra’s Histoire physique, politique et 
naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, vol. 1, p. 256, pl. 21, fig. 18. 


Shell ovate, decidedly inflated, pale orange. Nuclear whorls 1.5, 
small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls increase very 
rapidly, inflated, strongly rounded and marked on the early whorls by 
fine, almost hairlike, retractively curved axial riblets, which on the 
first turn are very distantly spaced, while on the succeeding turns 
they become decidedly closely approximated, being separated on the 
second turn by spaces about as wide as the riblets. On the last three 
turns they are obsolete or rather replaced by irregular and irregu- 
larly distributed incremental lines. The summit of the whorls is 
slightly narrowly shouldered, which renders the suture rather con- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 31 


spicuous. Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base short, well 
rounded, with a rounded carina marking the outer edge of the open 
umbilicus. Aperture almost circular; peristome rather broadly ex- 
panded, thickened, and marked by concentric lines of growth of 
about equal width, except that of the parietal wall, which is much 
narrower. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

This species is restricted to Pan de Guajaibén, where it is very 
abundant about Hato Sagua. The specimen described and figured, 
U.S.N.M. No. 535928, is one of a large series collected by Henderson 
and Bartsch. It has 7.8 whorls and measures: Height, 29.3 mm.; 
greater diameter, 17.2 mm. 

This species is easily distinguished from all other Farcimens by its 
stout, short, decidedly inflated form. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM, new species 


Shell varying greatly in form in the different subspecies; in some 
it is elongate-ovoid; in others, elongate-conic. In color the shells 
vary from soiled wax color to pale orange to pale brown; they may 
be unicolor or darker on the later turns, and the last may even be 
purplish plum colored. Nuclear whorls almost 2, small, well rounded, 
smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded. In one sub- 
species they are marked by rather strong, well-defined axial ribs on 
all but the last turn. In others, the axial riblets are in the form of 
hair lines on the early turns, evanescing shortly thereafter. Suture 
constricted to a varying degree in the different races. Periphery 
well rounded. Base moderately produced in all the races, moderately 
broadly openly umbilicated with a rounded carina at the outer limit 
of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome moderately ex- 
panded, decidedly thickened and reflected, protracted on the columel- 
lar wall and decidedly narrowed on the parietal wall and marked by 
concentric lines of growth. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

This species ranges from the Rio San Diego north of San Diego de 
los Bafos, through the Organos Mountains to Pan de Guajaibén, 
through the Sierra Chiquita, west through the Sierra de Galalén and 
Sierra de Pico Chico; the Sierra de San Andrés to Vifiales. 

We are recognizing three subspecies, which the following key 
will help to distinguish: 


KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM 


Axial -ribletsirather:strongsdse ssaleien ten wiyoe aA EY oh multistriatinum 
Axial riblets not strong. 
HEMP STEN Gert: teat WORT aye ened cp iterbeal Cit 2 ge Olga a eae le te si aia! balneorum 


SHEMFESCO pea ee NON a CON RE RN is WR RiNL eS ot subventricosum 


32 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES) NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM MULTISTRIATINUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 6, Ficures 19-21 


This race appears to extend from Los Lagunitas, near the Sierra de 
Galalén to San José and to certain of the mogotes of the San Diego 
de los Bafos complex. It is easily differentiated from the others by 
having rather strong regular axial riblets on all but the last whorl. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535934, comes from Los Lagunitas. It has 
6.2 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 31.5 mm.; greater diam- 
eter, 15.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM BALNEORUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 6, Ficgures 10-12 


This race occupies the mogotes and mountainsides bordering the 
Rio San Diego, north of San Diego de los Banos, apparently on both 
sides of the river. It is a smaller and slenderer race than /. (/.) sub- 
ventricosum multistriatinum. Italso has the ribbing merely indicated. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535935, comes from the Cueva de los Indios 
on the east bank of the Rio San Diego. It has 8 whorls and measures: 
Height, 28.2 mm.; greater diameter, 12.8 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUBVENTRICOSUM SUBVENTRICOSUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 6, FicurEs 7-9 


This subspecies extends from Pan de Guajaibén westward through 
the Organos Mountains to Viniales. It is a subventricose race whose 
whorls are narrowly shouldered at the summit and whose axial sculp- 
ture is reduced to mere lines of growth. It somewhat suggests /. (/.) 
ventricosum (Orbigny), but is easily distinguished from that species 
by its less inflated form. It differs from the other subspecies by its 
more inflated form and less strong sculpture. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535933, comes from the northeast end of 
Pan de Guajaibén. It has 6.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 
30.3 mm.; greater diameter, 15.7 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE, new species 


Shell elongate-conic, varying materially in outline, unicolor, wax 
colored or pale orange or with the last whorl much darker, even plum 
colored; peristome white or pale yellow. Nuclear whorls two, well 
rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are marked by slen- 
der, rather feebly developed axial threads, which vary materially in 
spacing in the two subspecies. The succeeding whorls are inflated, 
strongly rounded and marked by less strong threads, which gradually 
grow weaker and evanesce on the last whorl. Suture strongly con- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 33 


stricted. Base moderately prolonged, bounded by a rounded carina 
at the junction with the open umbilicus. Aperture almost circular; 
peristome broadly expanded, thickened, and reflected, broadest on the 
columellar wall where it is protracted, narrowest on the parietal wall; 
peristome is marked by concentric lines of growth. Operculum typi- 
cally farcimenid. 

We are recognizing two subspecies. which the following key will 
help to differentiate : 


KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE 


Shell) elongait Ge 4- Booe. ots. s co rhe tions Mew ate eT ed oes ev ohn te ihe vinalense 
SHV UT er 0 6 ge or ee tee i aT a ES Fa er scopulorum 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE VINALENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 7, Ficures 4-6 


This subspecies ranges about the region of Vifiales. We have it 
from the Ensenada de los Bafios; the valley east of Bafos de San 
Vicente; Cueva de las Delicias, Sierra de Vifales; the paredén of 
the Puerta del Ancén; Sierra de la Chorrera and Hoyo de Jaruco. 
It is a decidedly narrow race, of almost cylindric outline, with very 
rounded whorls, which readily distinguish it from the more regu- 
larly conic F. (F.) vinalense scopulorum. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535929, comes from the Ensenada de los 
Banos. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 28.8 mm.; greater 
diameter, 14.1 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) VINALENSE SCOPULORUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 7, FIGuRES 7-9 


We have this subspecies from the mogotes around Kilometer 14 
between Pinar del Rio and Vinales, also from the mogotes adjacent 
to the road between Vinales and the Puerta del Ancon, for example: 
The Mogotes de la Vega, Capon, Coco Solo, Puertecitas, Trujillo, 
Palmarito, Zacarias, Dinamita, Rojas, Cuajani, Rinconada, and Vigil. 
This race differs from typical F. (f.) vinalense vinalense in being 
smaller, less elongated, more conic, and stouter and in having the 
whorls slightly less rounded. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535930, comes from the mogote on the 
northeast side of the road at Kilometer 14, between Pinar del Rio and 
Vinales. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 27.3 mm.; greater 
diameter 14.4 mm. 

Dr. Joseph P. E. Morrison has dissected specimens of this sub- 
species and has furnished us with the following description based 
upon alcoholic material, No. 6674, collected by Bartsch on Mogote 
de la Dinamita. 


34 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The foot is short, oval, with undivided sole. The snout is of 
medium length, tapering, conical, truncate at the tip. The tentacles 
are short, slightly tapering, but blunt at their tips. The eyes are 
small, borne on slight prominences at the outer base of the tentacles. 

The verge is conspicuous in male individuals. It is attached on the 
side of the neck, lateral to the right tentacle, and furnished only 
with a seminal groove. The verge is basally somewhat flattened, and 
a little swollen in appearance, gradually tapered to a subcylindrical 
glandular portion near the tip. The seminal groove begins at the 
opening of the vas deferens and extends diagonally across the body 
surface to the posterior basal point of attachment of the verge, and 
continues on the under or posterior side of the verge, to the narrowly 
rounded tip. Ordinarily the terminal part of the verge is looped 
or folded upon itself, along the side of the foot. 

The jaw is composed of two triangular pieces hinged together 
dorsally. The median edge of each jaw is thickened into an obscure 
ridge which projects as a distinct cutting point, on the free edge of 
the jaw. The surface of the jaw is marked with diagonal striations 
(or rows of diamond-shaped scalelike elements) ; running nearly for- 
ward at the median line, these extend over the ridge, where they 
gradually change direction, to extend diagonally to the cutting edge. 

The radula has the characteristic formula of the family Cyclo- 
phoridae. The central is tricuspid, much higher than wide. The 
lateral is tricuspid, oblique, the central cusp much larger than the 
other two. The inner marginal is somewhat oblique, and bears three 
cusps, the middle one twice as long as the two smaller ones. The 
shorter, outer marginal tooth bears only two subequal cusps on its 
cutting edge. 

The reduction of cusps to two on the outer marginal tooth appears 
to be characteristic of the genus Farcimen. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM, new species 


Shell large, rather stout, very elongate-ovate. Early whorls wax 
yellow, gradually turning darker, the major tint being chestnut- 
brown; the last whorl may even be purplish. Nuclear whorls about 2, 
small, well-rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly 
rounded ; the early ones marked by slender, well-elevated axial riblets, 
which are rather distantly spaced. These riblets evanesce, and on the 
last two turns they are indicated as mere lines of growth. Suture 
strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base rather short, 
well rounded, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, with a rounded 
carina at the outer termination of the umbilical wall. Aperture circu- 
lar; peristome decidedly thickened and reflected, produced on the 
middle of the columella wall, and much narrower and somewhat sinu- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA a 


ous on the parietal wall, where it is adnate to the preceding turn. 
Operculum typically farcimenid. 

We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will 
differentiate : 


KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM 


Shellglarce shershinabpoubl oOsm Mae ae ee re superbum 
Shell§smaiiler, height about/Z26.mme2_ = eee itinerarium 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM SUPERBUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 7, FIGURES 28-30 


This subspecies occurs on the mountains forming the rim of Los 
Acostas and Luis Lazo and extends from there eastward on the north 
side through Pan de Azticar and Costanera del Abra to the Costanera 
de San Vicente. On the south side it extends through Isabel Maria 
to the Sierra del Infierno. This race differs from F. (F.) swperbum 
itinerarium in being much larger with the whorls more inflated and 
more rounded. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535931, comes from the Sierra de los Acos- 
tas, Luis Lazo, Pinar del Rio. It has 8 whorls and measures: Height, 
32.5 mm.; greater diameter, 16.5 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) SUPERBUM ITINERARIUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 7, FieuRES 10-12 


This subspecies extends from the Potrerito at Luis Lazo, through the 
mogotes bordering the road from there to Sumidero, Cabezas and 
Tsabel Maria, in Pinar del Rio Province. 

It is smaller than the typical race and is more inclined to have the 
last whorl] purplish. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535932, comes from Potrerito. It has 7.1 
whorls and measures: Height, 26.6 mm.; greater diameter, 14.1 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI, new species 


Shell of medium size, elongate-ovate, varying in color on the early 
whorls from flesh colored to pale chestnut-brown, while the later 
turns are always darker; they may be unicolor, but usually tend 
toward purplish plum colored. Nuclear whorls about 2, small, well 
rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, 
marked in the one race by rather strong, retractively curved axial 
riblets; the other is almost without these. Suture quite strongly 
constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base only moderately pro- 
duced, openly moderately umbilicated. Aperture circular; peri- 
stome very much thickened and reflected, marked by concentric lines 


36 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


of growth, produced on the columella and much narrower on the 
parietal wall than on the rest. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will 
help to distinguish: 


KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI 


Acetic hare Let ter Orn ee a catalinense 
Asal riblets obsolete. 2-2 2s) sane ee eee hendersoni 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI CATALINENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 7, FIGURES 22-24 


This race comes from La Catalina north of San Diego de los 
Bafios. We also have it from La Cumbre and Hato Caimito west of 
Pan de Guajaibén, Pinar del Rio Province. This is smaller than 
typical F. (F.) hendersoni and has very pronounced, distantly spaced, 
slender riblets, which are present even on the last turn. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535937, comes from Cayito de la Catalina. 
It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 22.8 mm.; greater 
diameter, 11.0 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) HENDERSONI HENDERSONI, new subspecies 


Puate 7, Figures 138-15 


This subspecies has a rather wide distribution, extending from 
Paso Real through Teneria de Guane, through La Murrallia eastward 
to Giiira de Luis Lazo; Lagunillas; Mogote del Cerro de Cabras to 
Cayo San Felipe; Consolacion del Sur and Entronque Herradura, 
Pinar del Rio Province. On the north side it extends through 
Mogote Pan de Azticar, the valley east of Bafios de San Vicente 
through La Mina and Bella Maria, Pinar del Rio Province. This 
race is a little larger than F. (F.) hendersoni catalinense and has 
the whorls almost smooth, while catalinense has them strongly ribbed. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535936, comes from the Mogote del Cerro 
de Cabras. It has 7.1 whorls and measures: Height, 24.0 mm.; 
greater diameter, 12.3 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) ARANGOI, new species 


PLATE 7, FIacuRES 16-18 


Shell very small, ovate. Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear 
whorls very strongly inflated, rounded, and marked by slender, re- 
tractively curved axial riblets, which grow irregular and less dif- 
ferentiated on the last turn. Suture strongly constricted. Base 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA ay 


short, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by an obsolete keel at 
the outer rim of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome only 
moderately expanded, reflected, and slightly produced on the basal 
lip, a little wider on the columellar wall than on the rest, almost as 
wide on the parietal wall as on the outer lip. The operculum is not 
known. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535938, was collected by Arango at La 
Caja, Pinar del Rio Province. It has 5.4 whorls remaining and 
measures: Height, 16.1 mm.; greater diameter, 8.3 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE, new species 


Shell elongate-ovate. Nuclear whorls white, the rest pale orange, 
or the last whorl may even be partly or wholly brilliant orange or 
purplish. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Post- 
nuclear whorls well rounded, narrowly shouldered at the summit, 
the first three marked by slender, well-raised, rather closely spaced, 
and retractively slanting axial riblets, while on the remaining turns 
these become obsolete or are merely indicated near the summit. 
Suture well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base protracted, 
openly umbilicated, marked by a rounded carina at the umbilical junc- 
tion. Aperture circular; peristome rather broadly expanded and re- 
flected, protracted on the columella, narrower on the parietal wall 
and marked by concentric lines of growth. Operculum typically 
farcimenid. 

We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will 
help to differentiate : 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE 


Suenllarse abort 25 Mim Nigh. 2s see er) a bed ERA TO guanense 
Shellsmall)aboute23 smn, (hig ee eee ee eee ee eee lagunillense 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE GUANENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 7, FIGURES 1-3 


This race comes from the region of Guane. We have it from the 
caves of the mogotes on the south side of the road opposite the Sierra 
de Guane; Los Portales; La Murrallia; and from the mogote at Punta 
de la Sierra, Pinar del Rio Province. It is distinguished from F. (F.) 
guanense lagunillense by being much larger, more elongate and with 
a more protracted base. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535926, from Guane, has 7.6 whorls and 
measures: Height, 29.2 mm.; greater diameter, 13.4 mm. 


\ 


38 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) GUANENSE LAGUNILLENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 7, FrcurEs 19-21 


This small race was collected by Wright at Lagunillas in the Dis- 
trict of San Juan Martinez, Pinar del Rio Province. It differs from 
the typical race in being much smaller, having the last whorl pro- 
tracted, and having the basal two-thirds of the last whorl orange col- 
ored or darker. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535927, has 6.4 whorls remaining and meas- 
ures: Height, 23.0 mm.; greater diameter, 12.1 mm. 


FARCIMEN (FARCIMEN) PROCER (Poey) 
PLATE 7, Figures 25-27 


1852. Cyclostoma tortum var, Pory, Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla 
de Cuba, vol. 1, pl. 18, figs. 12-18. 

1854. Megalomastoma procer PoEY, ibid., p. 404. 

1856. Megalomastoma complanatum PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 24, 


p. 36. 

Shell rather large, pale chestnut-brown with an olivaceous flush; 
the early whorls lighter and the last one darkest. Peristome white; 
interior of the aperture reflecting the external coloration. Nuclear 
whorls almost 2, small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls 
are well rounded and marked by slightly retractively curved, slender, 
hairlike axial riblets on the early turns, which grow less strong on the 
succeeding whorls and become obsolete on the last. Suture slightly 
constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat produced, 
with an obsolete shoulder at the outer margin of the moderately wide- 
open umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome broadly expanded, 
widest on the inner lip, thick, reflected. The posterior portion of the 
expanded lip almost touches the preceding turn and largely hides the 
umbilicus when viewed squarely. The peristome on the parietal wall 
is exceedingly narrow. Operculum typically farcimenid. 

This species comes from the Isle of Pines, where we collected it in 
large numbers on the Sierra de Casas, Sierra de Caballus, Sierra de 
Colombo, and the Morrillo del Diablo. In the latter place they appear 
to be a trifle smaller. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535939, was col- 
lected by Bartsch at the northwestern part of the Sierra de Casas. It 
has almost 7 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 32.7 mm.; 
greater diameter, 15.9 mm. 


APEROSTOMINAE, new subfamily 


Cyclophorid mollusks having a helicoid shell and an operculum 
bearing calcifications on its external surface. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 39 
Genus CROCIDOPOMA Shuttleworth 


1857. Crocidopoma SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5, pp. 271-272. 
1891. Crocidopoma CrossE, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 160. (Type, Crocidopoma 
jfloccosum (Shuttleworth).) 

This genus embraces small aperostomid mollusks whose whorls are 
marked by strong spiral cords and whose operculum bears a strongly 
elevated and outwardly reflected calcified lamella. The basal 
chondroid plate extends beyond the turns of the calcified lamella and 
breaks up on the outside into slender, thin, fluted, and striated 
fimbriations. 

Type: Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) floccosum Shuttleworth=Croci- 
dopoma (Crocidopoma) floccosum (Shuttleworth). 

The genus appears to be confined to Cuba and Hispaniola. It breaks 
up into two subgenera, the typical one of which, Crocidopoma, is con- 
fined to Hispaniola, while Cyclocubana is restricted to Cuba. 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF CROCIDOPOMA 


Fimbriations of chondroid plate extending above edge of calcareous 


lamellae Sete Se Meeks ses ee ere ee renee a Crocidopoma 
Fimbriations of chondroid plate not extending above edge of cal- 
CATEOUS seam el cy ese aaah Bae a Ee Cyclocubana 


CYCLOCUBANA, new subgenus 


In this subgenus the fimbriations of the outer edge of the chondroid 
basal plate extend but little if at all beyond the outer edge of the 
calcareous lamella. 

Type: Cyclotus perdistinctus Gundlach=Crocidopoma (Cyclocu- 
bana) perdistinctum (Gundlach). 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS CYCLOCUBANA 


Shebiplanorpoidyse 2tis ithe ON i eA ed Oo UL Oe perdistinctum 
Shelividepressedshelicoidy se wet 55 eee ees yest del peter hel sped ysl 5 gundlachi 


CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM (Gundlach) 


Shell planorboid, horn colored. Nuclear whorls about 1.5. Post- 
nuclear whorls very strongly rounded, circular in cross-section with 
strongly channeled suture, marked by well-raised spiral lirations vary- 
ing in number in the different subspecies. The axial sculpture con- 
sists of incremental lines. The last whorl may or may not be solute. 
Operculum typical of that of the subgenus. 

This species differs from Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) gundlachi 
in having the spire very depressed; in the latter, it is depressed-heli- 
coid. We are recognizing two subspecies: 


40 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINOTUM 


Spiral cords ‘at: peristomie 242022) ee ee ee tes toroense 
Spirallicords) at; peristome) 322 2a ae ee eee perdistinctum 


CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM TOROENSE, new subspecies 


PLATE 8, Figures 10-12 


Shell planorboid. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly rounded, smooth. 
Postnuclear whorls very much rounded, circular in cross section, 
marked by strongly elevated spiral cords, which are of almost equal 
strength and are separated by spaces about three times as wide as 
the cords. Of these cords 9 occur between the summit and the 
periphery and 15 upon the remainder of the shell. The axial sculpture 
consists of incremental lines and somewhat rough resting spaces. 
Suture very deeply openly channeled. The last whorl is solute for 
about one-twentieth of a turn. Base very broadly openly umbilicated. 
Operculum as described for the subgenus. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 355777, was collected by Gundlach at 
Monte Toro, Guantanamo, Oriente Province. It has 4 whorls and 
measures: Height, 4.2 mm.; greater diameter, 10.2 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 6.9 mm. 

The lesser number of spiral cords will differentiate this from typical 
O.(C.) perdistinctum perdistinctum (Gundlach). 


CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) PERDISTINCTUM PERDISTINCTUM (Gundlach) 
PLATE 8, FiaurES 13-15 
1858. Cyclotus perdistinctus GUNDLACH, Malak, Blitter, vol. 5, pp. 192-193. 


Shell small, planorboid, thin, wax colored, with a greenish tinge. 
Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth, the last half turn showing 
the merest beginning of the spiral sculpture of the succeeding turns, 
forming a very slightly elevated apex. Postnuclear whorls circular 
in cross section, marked by strongly elevated, slender spiral cords, 
which increase in number with the growth of the shell by intercalation. 
On the first postnuclear turn 4 of these cords are present on the spire ; 
on the second, 7 between the summit and the periphery, while on the 
last turn 31 can be counted in the circle of the peristome of the aper- 
ture. These spiral cords vary in strength, depending upon whether 
they represent intercalated elements or the major cord. They are 
never so wide as the spaces that separate them and rarely wider than 
one-half of the spaces. In addition to the spiral sculpture the shell 
is marked by slender incremental lines, which render the free edge of 
the cord slightly roughened. The last twentieth of a turn is solute. 
The underside shows a broad open umbilicus more or less funnel 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 41 


shaped, which shows all the whorls within. The inside of the oper- 
culum is convex, slightly calcified, showing all the turns, and the 
outside shows 10 turns of an oblique, outward-turned, calcified 
lamella, which is marked by slender striations, the turns of the 
lamella overlapping each other somewhat like shingles on a roof, 
leaving, however, a narrow space between them. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535776, was col- 
lected at San Andrés, near Reuter, Oriente Province by Dr. Ramsden, 
who has furnished information showing that this falls well within 
Gundlach’s concept of Jurisdiccién, Cuba, his type locality. It has 4.1 
turns and measures: Height, 4.4 mm; greater diameter, 11.0 mm; 
lesser diameter, 7.6 mm. 

A translation of Gundlach’s statement relative to the animal of this 
species follows: I am using here the generic name C'yclotus because I 
consider the species more nearly related to Megalomastoma than Cyclo- 
stoma. The animal is very similar to that of Megalomastoma, as well 
as its mode of life under decaying leaves in the dark forest at the 
sugar plantation Felicitas in the region of Enramada. The animal is 
bright rose-red, with the head a little darker within, the antennae are 
cinnabar red and the forehead crossed by wrinkles. In crawling the 
always very dirty shell is carried almost perpendicular. 


CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI, new species 


Shell depressed-helicoid, horn colored. Nuclear whorls about 1.5, 
vell rounded, smooth; postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, circular 
in cross section, with strongly channeled suture. The postnuclear 
whorls are marked by narrow, strongly elevated spiral cords, which 
vary in number in the different subspecies and which increase in num- 
ber by intercalation as the shell increases in size. The spaces between 
the spiral cords are wider than the spiral cords and they, as well as the 
cords, are crossed by incremental lines. Periphery well rounded; base 
broadly, openly umbilicated, and marked like the spire; the same 
sculpture extends into the umbilical wall. The last portion of the 
last whorl may be adnate to the preceding turn or slightly solute. 
The operculum is typically that of the subgenus. 

The species occupies the mountain area of Oriente Province. We 
are recognizing three subspecies: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI 


Spiral cordsrless than! 255 eesaee yet eee a OE ee ee ignotum 
Spiral cords more than 30. 
Greater diameter! more than 0 imme se 42 hes eee ee Bee See gundlachi 


Greater diameterless) than Oimmeso) ee oS ee oe wrighti 


42 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI IGNOTUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 8, Figures 7-9 


In the Evezard collection of the National Museum there are two 
specimens of a subspecies for which we have no specific locality. They 
are distinguished from the rest of the material at hand and agree per- 
fectly with each other. We are, therefore, reluctantly bestowing a sub- 
specific name upon them. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 585775, has 4.3 whorls and shows at the aper- 
ture 10 spiral cords between the summit and the suture, 7 on the base 
and 7 on the umbilical wall. This measures: Height, 4.8 mm; greater 
diameter, 9.0 mm; lesser diameter, 7.0 mm. 

The other specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 316425, has 4.2 whorls and the 
same number of spiral cords as the type, and measures: Height, 7.4 
mm.; greater diameter, 8.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.8 mm. 

The extremely small number of spiral cords differentiates it from the 
other two races. 


CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI GUNDLACHI, new subspecies 
PLATE 8, FIGURES 1-3 


This subspecies was collected by Gundlach at Monte Toro. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535773, has 4 whorls and at the aperture 
shows the following number of cords: Between the summit and the 
periphery 10, on the base 10, on the umbilicus 16. It yields the follow- 
ing measurements: Height, 6.8 mm.; greater diameter, 10.9 mm. ; lesser 
diameter, 8.4 mm. 


CROCIDOPOMA (CYCLOCUBANA) GUNDLACHI WRIGHTI, new subspecies 


PLATE 8, Figures 4-6 


In the National Museum we have four specimens collected by Charles 
Wright at Potosi, Oriente Province. Potosi, while not on recent maps, 
from information at hand we know is situated somewhere north of 
Monte Libano and Felicidad. These specimens are differentiated from 
the other two members by being a little more closely coiled. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535774, has 4.1 whorls and measures: Height, 
5.1 mm.; greater diameter, 8.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.9 mm. It has 12 
spiral cords between the summit and the suture, 11 on the base, and 8 
on the umbilical wall, a total of 31 when viewed at the aperture. 

The other two specimens are complete and yield, respectively, the 
following information: Number of whorls, 4.1 and 3.7; number of 
spiral cords between the summit and suture, 12 and 12; spiral cords on 
base, 10 and 8; spiral cords on the umbilical wall, 10 and 10. They 
measure respectively: Height, 5.3 and 5.0 mm.; greater diameter, 8.3 
and 8.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.5 and 6.2 mm. 


Part 2—THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF THE 
WEST INDIES, EXCLUSIVE OF CUBA 


By PAUL BARTSCH 
Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Gray 


For a definition of the family, see p. 3. 


KEY TO THE ANTILLEAN SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY CYCLOPHORIDAE 


Shell elongate-turrited:=- 1:5) 28105: es 1 ees Se Megalomastominae 
Shell not elongate-turrited. 
Shelli pmpaidhse se Os a es ee AS Diplommatininae 
Shell not pupoid, but planorboid or helicoid. 
Operculum chondroid___~---__----------__-----_-_- Amphicyclotinae 
Operculum ealcified—-__- = == = ES SS Aperostominae 


Subfamily MEGALOMASTOMINAE Torre and Bartsch 


Cyclophorid mollusks having an elongate-conic or elongate-turrited 
shell. Operculum corneous. 
For complete diagnosis, see p. 3. 


KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN GENERA OF MEGALOMASTOMINAE 


Shell large and robust. 


\uWdavanch Cove Coyarerenuhwbon) saris ee Farcimen 
Wihorls'omoperculum distinct sae es se ieee Se eee Farcimoides 
Shell not large and robust, but small and thin______-----~-_~ Megalomastoma 


Genus FARCIMEN Troschel 


For diagnosis of the genus, see p. 4. 
The subgenus Farcimen is restricted to the island of Cuba and is 
therefore not considered in this part of our paper. 


Subgenus NEOPUPINA Kobelt 


1854. Megaloma Woopwarp, A manual of the Mollusca, p. 177 (not Megaloma 
Hall, 1852). 

1856. Lomastoma Woopwakrp, ibid., p. xviii (not Rafinesque, 1819). 

1902. Neopupina Kosett, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 262. 

This subgenus differs from the Cuban Farcimen in having a more 
cylindric shell and in having the peristome sharp, i. e., not broadly 
thickened and reflected. Operculum a thin chondroid multispiral 
plate. 

43 


44 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Type: Megalomastoma flavula Swainson = Helix crocea Gmelin = 
Farcimen (Neopupina) eroceum (Gmelin). 

The anatomy of Farcimen (N.) croceum (Gmelin) and F. (W.) 
curtum (Dall and Simpson) yields the radula formula 3:3:3:3. The 
jaw is provided with a median projection, and the verge is attached 
to the side of the neck, gradually tapering without a terminal ap- 
pendage. It is traversed by a seminal groove. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS NEOPUPINA 


J Xo-abebh seo a Os a a curtum 
Axial ribs not strong. 
Shelliargzesheight.more thane30 mm eee croceum 
Shell small height less than’ 20) mms2 222222) Se Se2 es se=2 2 hjalmersoni 


FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) CURTUM (Dall and Simpson) 
PLATE 9, Figures 32-34 (type) ; FiacurEes 35-37 


1901. Megalomastoma croceum curtum Dat and Simpson, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. 
for 1900, vol. 1, p. 484, pl. 53, fig. 2. 

Shell small, varying from elongate-ovate to cylindroconic in outline, 
varying in color from wax yellow to pale brown. Nuclear whorls 
decollated in all our specimens. Postnuclear whorls moderately well 
rounded, marked by rather strong, closely approximated axial riblets. 
Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately 
produced, very narrowly umbilicated, with a strong carina marking 
the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome not 
in one plane, but somewhat sinuous, simple. Operculum typically 
farcimenid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 159678, comes from Hucares, east Puerto 
Rico. It has 5.5 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 21.0 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 9.5 mm. 

This small species differs from the other two from Puerto Rico in 
having the riblets much more strongly developed. 

Additional specimens come from various stations on the eastern 
slope of Puerto Rico, and since the type is a worn specimen, I am also 
figuring a more perfect one, which has almost 7 whorls and measures: 
Height, 23.0 mm.; greater diameter, 9.1 mm. 

The animals of specimens collected by me about the roots of banana 
trees at Mamey in the foothills of the Sierra Luquilla, June 23, 1929, 
had the entire dorsal part of the body flesh colored with a grayish 
suffusion and a pinkish flush; the sole of the foot was also flesh 
colored, while the tentacles were pale orange with a grayish tinge. 
There was a reddish spot present under the tentacles. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA AS 
FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) CROCEUM (Gmelin) 
PLATE 9, FIGURES 23-25 


1786. Helix cylindracea glabra CHEMNITz, Neues systematisches Conchylien- 
Cabinet, vol. 9, p. 166, pl. 35, fig. 1233 (nonbinomial). 

1791. Helix crocea GMELIN, Systema naturae, vol. 6, p. 3655. 

1798. Cerion truncatum Bouten, Museum Boltenianum, p. 90. 

1822. Cyclostoma flavula Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans 
vertébres, vol. 6, p. 146. 

1828. Turbo flavidus (Cyclostoma flavidum) Wood, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2, 
Suppl., pp. 19, 36, pl. 6, fig. 31. 

1838. Cyvlostoma crocea DesHAYES, in Lamarck’s Histoire naturelle des animaux 
sans vertebres, ed. 2, vol. 8, p. 357. 

1840. Megalomastoma flavula Swainson, A treatise on malacology, p. 336. 

1847. Farcimen flavulum TroscuHett, Zool. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44. 

1847. Megalomastoma cylindraceum PreirFER, Zool. Malak., vol. 4, p. 109. 

Shell large, cylindroconic, varying in color from soiled wax colored 
to bright rose colored. The nucleus is small, consisting of 2 whorls, 
which are well rounded and smooth. The postnuclear whorls are 
flattened, somewhat constricted a little below the suture, and marked 
by closely approximated, low, rounded axial riblets, which become less 
conspicuous as the whorls increase. Suture only slightly constricted. 
Periphery well rounded. Base slightly protracted, narrowly 
umbilicated, and marked by an obsolete fold at the outer edge of the 
umbilicus. Aperture subcircular; peristome not in one plane, but 
somewhat sinuous, simple, not thickened as in typical Parcimen. 
Operculum typically farcimenid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535945, has 6.5 whorls remain- 
ing and measures: Height, 39.1 mm.; greater diameter, 14.7 mm. 

This is the common large race distributed all over the north coast 
of the Island of Puerto Rico. 

I found the adult animal of this to have the forehead, sides, and back 
brown with an olivaceous tinge, the foot flesh colored, with a bluish 
tinge, tentacles tipped with orange. 

The young were flesh colored, with a red spot under the tentacles. 


FARCIMEN (NEOPUPINA) HJALMERSONI (Pfeiffer) 


PLATE 9, FIGURES 26-28 
1875. Megalomastoma hjalmersoni PrrirreR, Malak. Blitter, vol. 22, p. 119. 


Shell small, elongate-ovate, varying in color from pale wax yellow 
to chestnut-brown on the last turn. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, 
smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the 
rest with a constriction below the summit and marked by closely 
spaced, slender, retractively slanting axial riblets, which become 
obsolete on the last whorl. Suture slightly constricted. Periphery 

428349424 


46 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


well rounded. Base moderately protracted, narrowly umbilicated, 
the umbilicus marked by a strong carina at its outer edge. Aperture 
subcircular; peristome somewhat sinuous, not in one plane, simple. 
Operculum typically farcimenid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of a series, U.S.N.M. 
No. 535692, collected by me at Lares, Puerto Rico. It has 7.1 whorls 
and measures: Height, 19.7 mm.; greater diameter, 8.9 mm. 

This species resembles the large #7’. (W.) erocewm (Gmelin) in the 
constriction below the summit and also in the character of the rib- 
bing, which is much finer than that of the other small species, F’. 
(V.) curtum (Dall and Simpson), from eastern Puerto Rico. 

We also have it from a number of additional stations in the west- 
central portion of the Island of Puerto Rico. 


FARCIMOIDES, new genus 


Shells resembling those of the Cuban genus Farcimen in general 
outline and thickened peristome, but with a spiral cord marking the 
outer limit of the umbilicus. Operculum not simple but with the 
inany layers composing it distinct, not fused as in Parcimen. 

Type: Oyclostoma orbignyi Pfeifter=Farcimoides orbignyt 
(Pfeiffer). 


KEY TO THE HISPANIOLAN SPECIES OF FARCIMOIDES 


Shell small, height less than 20 mm_--_----__--------------------------- sallei 
Shell not small, height more than 25 mm. 
Shell sstout-=. 222-0 sh Gees ee tA Os Ae gt domingoense 
SHETTETO ty SHOU ee ee orbignyi 


FARCIMOIDES SALLEI, new species 
PiaTE 9, Figures 29-31 
1851. Cyclostoma orbignyi va. y PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 149. 
1853. Cyclostoma orbignyi variety 2 Prrrrrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien 
Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 272, pl. 37, figs. 5, 6. ’ 

Shell small, very elongate-ovate, covered with a wax-colored perios- 
tracum. When denuded the shell may be unicolor or milk white, 
or the last whorl may be darker, even purplish plum colored. Nu- 
clear whorls small, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear 
whorls inflated, strongly rounded, the last one almost flattened; the 
early ones marked by slender, almost hairlike axial riblets which 
gradually increase in strength until they become conspicuous, re- 
tractively curved, elevated ribs, which are about as wide as or wider 
than the spaces that separate them. Suture strongly constricted. 
Periphery well rounded. Base rather long, openly umbilicated with 
a strong cordlike carina marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. 
This has a strong constriction anteriorly and posteriorly. The axial 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 47 


riblets extend feebly over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, 
slightly irregular as far as its external plane is concerned; peristome 
thickened and marked by concentric lamellae of about the same ex- 
pansion all around. Operculum typically farcimoid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535941, was collected by Dr. Abbott at 
El Rio, which is between Constancia and Jarabacoa, Dominican 
Republic, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It has 7.5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 19.0 mm.; greater diameter, 7.7 mm. 

This I consider to be the small form described by Pfeiffer as Cyclo- 
stoma orbignyi var. y. It differs markedly from the other two known 
Haitian species by its much smaller size, much more inflated whorls, 
and much heavier ribbing. 


FARCIMOIDES DOMINGOENSE, new species 


PLATE 9, Figures 1-3 


Shell cylindroconic, stout, varying from wax color to pale brown 
on the last turn. Nuclear whorls? The early postnuclear whorls 
gain rapidly in size and are fairly well rounded; the later ones are 
decidedly flattened. They are all narrowly shouldered at the sum- 
mit and marked by slender, sigmoid, retractively curved axial rib- 
lets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them on the 
early turns and wider on the last. These riblets render the summit 
of the turns slightly crenulated. Suture well constricted. Periph- 
ery well rounded. Base moderately protracted, openly umbilicated, 
and marked with a strong cord at the outer junction of the umbilicus, 
which is deeply constricted at its umbilical edge and less so dorsally. 
Aperture subcircular in a wavy plane; peristome thick, a little nar- 
rower on the parietal wall than on the rest. Operculum, typically 
farcimoid. , 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535940, was collected by Parker in the 
Dominican Republic. It has 6.4 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 28.8 mm.; greater diameter, 12.0 mm. 

Two other lots before us are also without specific locality data. 
All these are readily distinguished from F. orbignyi (Pfeiffer) by 
their much more cylindric form and much stouter outline. 


FARCIMOIDES ORBIGNYI (Pfeiffer) 


PLATE 9, Figures 4—6 


1851. Cyclostoma orbignyi PFEIFFER, Proc. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 149. 
1852. Cyclostoma orbignyi PretrrerR, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, 
sect. 19, p. 272, pl. 37, figs. 3, 4. 


Shell almost cylindroconic, varying in color from unicolor to wax 
yellow, with the last whorl with a reddish orange band, which is 
separated from the summit and base by a paler area. Peristome 


48 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


white. Nuclear whorls 2, small, well rounded, smooth. The first 
2 postnuclear whorls rather strongly inflated, the rest gradually less 
inflated and finally flattened. The postnuclear whorls are marked 
by closely spaced, decidedly retractively curved, slender axial riblets, 
which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture 
rendered conspicuous by the feeble shoulder of the whorls. Periph- 
ery well rounded. Base decidedly protracted, openly umbilicated, 
marked by a somewhat obsolete cord at the outer limit of the umbili- 
cus. The umbilical wall marked by the continuation of the axial 
riblets. Aperture subcircular; peristome thickened and reflected, nar- 
rower on the columellar wall than on the rest. Operculum typically 
farcimoid. 

The specimen figured is one of a large series, U.S.N.M. No. 151351, 
from the Sallé collection, probably a topotype. It has 8.4 whorls 
and measures: Height, 28.2 mm.; greater diameter, 11.5 mm. The 
locality mentioned is Haiti, the designation for all Hispaniola in the 
early days. We know Sallé collected only in the Santo Dominican 
region, so the species must be referred to the Dominican Republic. 

All our other lots are equally deficient in specific locality data. 


Genus MEGALOMASTOMA (Guilding) Swainson 


1840. Megalomastoma (Guilding) Swarnson, A treatise on malacology, pp. 186, 
336, figs. 97 g, h, i. 

Shell small, cylindroconic, covered with a persistent periostracum. 
Nuclear whorls smooth, the succeeding turns marked with strongly 
elevated, retractively curved axial riblets. Base with a strong spiral 
keel at the outer limit of the broad open umbilicus. Aperture sub- 
circular; peristome double, with a rather deep, somewhat lunate ex- 
cision on the parietal wall. Operculum a simple, thin, multispiral, 
chondroid plate. 

Type: Megalomastoma brunnea (Guilding) Swainson=Adfegalo- 
mastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum (Guilding) Swainson. 

This genus ranges from St. Thomas through St. John to Tortola. 

The radula of Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) petiti has the 
formula 3:3:3:38. The jaw has a median projection, and the verge 
is attached to the side of the neck, gradually tapering without a 
terminal appendage. It is traversed by a seminal groove. 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF MEGALOMASTOMA 


Last: whorl] axially ribbed =t9000.. 22 eee Megalomastoma 
Last whorl'axially tuberculatedii tan ee ee ee Megalomastomoides 


Subgenus MEGALOMASTOMA (Guilding) Swainson 


Megalomastomas having the surface with axial ribs only, and with 
the peristome excised on the parietal wall. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 49 


Type: Megalomastoma brunnae (Guilding) Swainson=Megalo- 
mastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum (Guilding) Swainson. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS MEGALOMASTOMA 


Shell elongate-conic. 


Axial ribs of early whorls closely spaced__-----_-_-------___- antillarum 
Axial ribs of early whorls not closely spaced________---_______ brunneum 
Shellgelonzate-0 Va tee ee ee petiti 


MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) ANTILLARUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 9, Figures 10-12, 21 


1843. Cyclostoma antillarum Sowrrsy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 150, pl. 
28, fig. 180. 

Shell small, elongate-conic, chestnut-brown with the peristome 
white. The nucleus consists of a single smooth turn. The early 
postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded; the later ones 
a little less so, marked by moderately elevated, slender, sublamellar, 
retractively slanting axial ribs, which are very regular on the first 
two turns and rather closely spaced; on the later turns they are much 
more distantly spaced and there is a tendency for finer threads to 
appear in the broad interspaces. Suture strongly constricted. Per- 
iphery well rounded. Base protracted, openly umbilicated, and 
marked by a moderately strong, broad, rounded cord at the outer 
limit of the umbilicus, which is crossed by the axial ribs. Aperture 
subcircular; peristome not on a flat plane, but sinuous, moderately 
thickened and reflected, and moderately excised on the parietal wall. 
Operculum typically megalomastomid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of a lot, U.S.N.M. No. 
393653. It was collected by me on Mount Sage, Tortola, British 
West Indies. It has 7.5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.6 mm.; 
greater diameter, 5.1 mm. 

This species recalls closely M@, (M.) brunneum (Guilding) Swain- 
son, from which it can be distinguished readily by its smaller size 
and more closely spaced axial ribs on the early turns. The umbilical 
cord is also less pronounced. 


MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) BRUNNEUM (Guilding) Swainson 
PLate 9, FIguRES 7-9, 22 
1840. Megalomastoma brunnea (Guilding MS.) Swainson, A treatise on ma- 
lacology, pp. 186, 336, fig. 97, g, h, i. 
Shell elongate-conic, chestnut-brown, with the peristome white. 
Nuclear whorls 1.2, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear 


whorls inflated ; the later ones less so and the last one flattened, marked 
by very decidedly retractively curved, slender, sublamellar axial ribs, 


50 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


which are rather distantly spaced on all the whorls. On the later 
turns axial hairlines are also apparent in the intercostal spaces. 
These are irregularly distributed and of irregular numbers. Suture 
very strongly constricted. Periphery low, well rounded. Base de- 
cidedly produced, flatly umbilicated with a decidely elevated keel at 
the outer limit of the umbilicus, which is rendered crenulated by the 
axial riblets that extend also over the umbilical wall. Aperture sub- 
circular; peristome sinuous, that is not in a flat plane, moderately 
thickened and moderately excised on the parietal wall. Operculum 
typically megalomastomid. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535943, comes 
from St. Thomas. It has 8.2 whorls and measures: Height, 15.4 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 6.2 mm. 

There are 17 additional lots of this species, all from St. Thomas, in 
the collection of the United States National Museum. 

This species is nearest related to M/. (If.) antillarum (Sowerby), 
from which its more elongate form, more distantly spaced ribs, and 
more pronounced umbilical keel will readily differentiate it. 


MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMA) PETITI, new species 


PLATE 9, FicurEs 16-18, 20 


Shell elongate-ovate, sooty chestnut-brown; peristome white. 
Nuclear whorls 1.3, well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear 
whorls somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, the last one slightly flat- 
tened and marked by slender sublamellar, rather distantly spaced axial 
riblets, which are rather irregularly distributed. Suture well con- 
stricted. Periphery well rounded. Base rather produced, flatly um- 
bilicated, with a moderately strong cord at the outer limit of the 
umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome almost flat, moderately 
thickened, slightly reflected and moderately excised on the parietal 
wall. Operculum typically megalomastomid. 

This species comes from the Island of St. John. The type, U.S.N.M. 
No. 535942, was collected by me on Bordeaux Hill, Hurricane Harbor, 
St. John. It has 7 whorls and measures: Height, 12.3 mm.; greater 
diameter, 5.4 mm. 

The United States National Museum contains six additional lots, all 
from St. John. 

This species is easily distinguished from the other Megalomastomas 
by its shorter and much stouter shape. 


MEGALOMASTOMOIDES, new subgenus 


Shell resembling Megalomastoma in size, shape, and periostracal 
covering but differing from it in having the peristome not excised on 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 51 


the parietal wall and in having the early postnuclear sculpture as in 
typical Megalomastoma, while that of the later turns has the axial 
ribs broken up into elongated, somewhat lunate tubercles, which gives 
to the surface of these whorls a rasplike appearance. Operculum a 
simple, thin, multispiral chondroid plate. 

Type: Cyclostoma (Megalomastoma) verruculosum Shuttleworth= 
Megalomastoma (Megalomastomoides) verruculosum (Shuttleworth). 

Distribution: Puerto Rico. 


MEGALOMASTOMA (MEGALOMASTOMOIDES) VERRUCULOSUM (Shuttleworth) 
PLATE 9, FiguRES 13-15, 19 


1854. Cyclostoma (Megalomastoma) verruculosum SHUTTLEWORTH, Berner Mitth., 


p. 90. 
1864. Megalomastoma verruculosum SoweErBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 3, pl. 


263, fig. 15. 

Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our 
specimens. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, the early ones marked 
by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about as wide 
as the spaces that separate them. On the last three turns these riblets 
break up into segments and give to the surface a rasplike appearance. 
Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base pro- 
duced, openly flatly umbilicated, and marked by a strong spiral cord 
at the outer limit of the umbilicus, which is crossed by the axial rib- 
lets, which extend over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, not m 
a single plane, but sinuous; peristome thickened and somewhat re- 
flected, of equal width all around, not incised on the parietal wall. 
Operculum multispiral, corneous, with central nucleus. 

We have this species from Puerto Rico without specific locality. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535944, has 7 
whorls remaining and measures: Height, 15.1 mm.; greater diameter, 
5.7 mm. 

This shell is small like typical Megalomastoma but differs from it 
markedly by the sculpture and the absence of excision on the parietal 
wall. 


Subfamily DIPLOMMATININAE Kobelt 
This subfamily is defined in the key on p. 48. 


Genus ADELOPOMA Doering 


For definition of the genus, see p. 148. 


52 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
ADELOPOMA OCCIDENTALE (Guppy) 
PLATE 40, FIGuRE 6 


1872. Diplommatina huttoni occidentalis Guppy, Proc. Assoc. Trinidad, vol. 2, p. 24. 

1884. Diplommatina occidentale GopwIN-AUSTEN, Land and Freshwater Mollusca 
of India, vol. 1, pl. 45, fig. 8. 

1886. Diplommatina occidentalis GoDWIN-AUSTEN, ibid., p. 173. 

1893. Diplomatina huttoni occidentale Guppy, Journ. Conch., vol. 7, p. 226. 

1898. Palaina (Cylindropalaina) occidentalis KosELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrbl. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 30, p. 133. 

1902. Adelopoma occidentale KozErt, Das Tierreich, vol. 16, p. 480. 

Shell minute, sinistral, thin, translucent, alabaster white, except the 
nuclear turns, which are buff. Nuclear whorls 1.5, inflated, strongly 
rounded, smooth. Post nuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, 
marked by slender, lamellose, scalariform, decidedly protractively 
slanting axial ribs, of which 27 occur on the first and second and 33 on 
the last whorl. The spaces separating the axial ribs are four or five 
times as wide as the ribs, and are covered by exceedingly fine, micro- 
scopic spiral striations. Suture very strongly constricted. Base in- 
flated, very strongly rounded, with a narrow umbilical chink, marked 
by the continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture irregularly obliquely 
oval; peristome double, the inner exserted; the outer narrowly ex- 
panded. Operculum typically adelopomid. 

The specimen figured is one of nine, U.S.N.M. No. 203654, received 
from Bland and comes from Trinidad. It has 6 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 2.8 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 98784 contains six specimens from the same source, 
while U.S.N.M. No. 516033 contains seven specimens received from 
Dr. George Clapp. 

This species differs from A. costaricense in being a little stouter 
and having more axial ribs, which also are of uniform expansion 
from the summit to the periphery. 


Subfamily AMPHICYCLOTINAE Kobelt and Mollendorff 
Cyclophorids of helicoid outline with chondroid operculum. 


KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY AMPHICYCLOTINAE 


Operculum: with fimbriations=29=— =. — ee Cyclohaitia 
Operculum without fimbriations==—= ===". Amphicyclotulus 


CYCLOHAITIA, new genus 


Small amphicyclotine shells with strong spiral cords on spire and 
base. Operculum multispiral, chondroid, with the outer edge of 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 53 


the last whorl expanded into fimbriations. In shape and sculpture 
the shells of this genus resemble Crocidopoma, but they lack the 
subsutural keel and the lirations within the umbilicus; they also re- 
semble it in the fimbriations of the operculum, but here we have no 
calcareous lamella. The verge likewise is of amphicyclotine pattern 
in its attenuation. 

Type: Cyclohaitia haitia, new species. 

The anatomy of Cyclohaitia shows the radula formula to be 
3:3:3:3, and of the jaw is lacking the median points. The verge is 
on the back of the neck behind the tentacles and traversed by a vas 
deferens. The terminal appendage is long and threadlike, almost as 
long as the basal portion. 


CYCLOHAITIA HAITIA, new species 
Puate 10, FicurEs 12-14 


Shell small, helicoid, openly moderately umbilicated, covered with 
an olivaceous, wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, 
well rounded, smooth, forming a moderately elevated apex. Post- 
nuclear whorls strongly rounded, circular in cross-section, marked 
by incremental lines and rather strong spiral cords, of which 5 are 
present on the first, 7 on the second, and 9 on the last turn between 
summit and periphery in the type. These cords vary somewhat in 
strength and spacing. The whorls at the summit slope decidedly 
toward the suture and render this very conspicuous. Periphery 
strongly rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by 9 spiral cords 
equaling those of the spire, and the continuations of the incremental 
lines. The umbilical wall does not have spiral cords, only the con- 
tinuation of the lines of growth. Aperture slightly oblique, cir- 
cular; peristome simple. Operculum chondroid, multispiral, with 
the outer edge of the later whorls much produced to form a more 
or less fimbriated, up-turned extension. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535855, was collected north of Tiburon, 
Haiti, along the road leading to Carcasse, south of the first village, 
by C. R. Orcutt. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 5.2 mm.; 
greater diameter, 9.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 6.7 mm. Charles R. 
Orcutt also collected 10 additional lots ranging from the type locality 
eastward along the south coast of Haiti to the Baie des Flamands. 

Some of the dead specimens are much larger than the type. For 
example U.S.N.M. No. 403722, from Damassin River has 4.6 whorls 
and measures: Height, 8.7 mm.; greater diameter, 12.0 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 9.0 mm., but all intermediate sizes are present in lots from 
the same locality. 


54 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus AMPHICYCLOTULUS Kobelt 


1912. Amphicyclotulus Koxett, Martini-Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, 
sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 918. 

Small cyclophorids with chondroid multispiral operculum, the 
outer edge of which is not expanded into fimbriations. The spire is 
marked by incremental lines and in the typical subgenus bears raised 
spiral cords, at least on the early whorls. In this they may also be 
present on the base. (In the subgenus Cycloblandia the spiral cords 
are absent.) The base is broadly openly umbilicated. The peristome 
is not thickened or reflected. 

Type: Amphicyclotulus rufescens (Sowerby). 

The genus is Antillean. 

The anatomy of A. (A.) acutiliratus (Drouet) and A. (A.) mineri 
shows the radula to have the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw without 
median projection. The verge is on the back of the neck behind the 
tentacles and is traversed by a vas deferens. The terminal appendage 
is long and threadlike, almost as long as the basal portion. 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF AMPHICYCLOTULUS 


Shell with*spiral lamellae2.0 te eee Amphicyclotulus 
Shell) without spiral Jameliaes: Soe 2 3 es ee ee Cycloblandia 


Subgenus AMPHICYCLOTULUS Kobelt 


Amphicyclotulus in which all or at least the early postnuclear whorls 
are marked by raised spiral cords, which may or may not be present 
on the base. 

Type: Amphicylotulus rufescens (Sowerby). 

This subgenus is known from Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, 
and Martinique. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS AMPHICYCLOTULUS? 


Spiral sculpture confined to early postnuclear whorls. 
Shell orange-yell ow = soe fe ee ee ee ea mineri 
Shell ‘waxtyellowit222 2 ke Use _ Nate ie AE Os ee guadeloupensis 
Spiral sculpture not confined to early postnuclear whorls. 
Spiral sculpture consisting of strongly raised cords. 
Spiral cords on spire strongly crenulated_________ See ee rufescens 
Spiral cords on spire not strongly crenulated. 
Spiral cord bounding umbilicus stronger than the rest_ acultiliratus 
Spiral cord bounding umbilicus not stronger than the rest. 
Spiral cords of base distantly spaced_____-__------ schrammi 
Spiral cords of base not distantly spaced___-----~- dominicensis 
Spiral sculpture not consisting of strongly raised cords. 
Spiral sculpture consisting of strongly raised threads. 
Spiral’ threads nUMerOuUss at = es eee eo liratus 
Spiral ‘threads few.=]-- = 2 == — = Se eee perplexus 


14, (A.) portoricensis (Boettger) is not included in this key, as I have not seen speci- 
mens of it. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 55 
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) MINERI, new species 


PLATE 10, Figures 15-17 


Shell rather large, helicoid, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, 
covered by an orange-yellow periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.6, weil 
rounded, smooth, forming a depressed apex. Postnuclear whorls in- 
flated, strongly rounded, marked by incremental lines and slender 
spiral threads, which cover the anterior two-thirds of the turns, the 
posterior third being without them. Of these threads 7 are present on 
the second and 11 on the third whorl. On the last half of the last turn 
the spiral threads are quite obsolete. Suture well impressed. Pe- 
riphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base moderately rounded with 
the umbilicus occupying about one-fourth of the diameter of the shell. 
The base is marked by incremental lines only. Aperture subcircular, 
being protracted to form an acute point at the posterior angle of the 
aperture; peristome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535856, and a host of specimens come from 
Laudat, Dominica. The type has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height, 
13.8 mm.; greater diameter, 16.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.6 mm. 

This species resembles most closely A. (A.) guadeloupensis, from 
which its orange coloration and more elevated form readily distin- 
guish it. 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) GUADELOUPENSIS, new species 
PLATE 10, FicurEs 18-20 


Shell depressed-helicoid, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, 
wax yellow. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. The post- 
nuclear whorls are well rounded, the first smooth, the rest marked 
by weak spiral threads which cover the posterior four-fifths of the 
turn, being absent near the summit. They again become obsolete on 
the last half turn. In addition to the spiral threads the whorls are 
marked by fine incremental lines. Suture moderately well impressed. 
Periphery inflated, well rounded. Base short, well rounded, marked 
only by the incremental lines. In cross section the last whorl is in- 
clined toward being oval. Aperture oblique, subcircular, slightly angu- 
lated at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typically 
amphicyclotulid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 116462, comes from Guadeloupe. It has 5.1 
whorls and measures: Height, 12.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.6 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 14.0 mm. 

Additional specimens in the collection of the National Museum are 
also labeled merely “Guadeloupe,” without specific locality. 

This species resembles most closely A. (A.) méineri from Dominica. 
It is distinguished from this by its flatter form and paler coloration. 


56 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) RUFESCENS (Sowerby) 
PLATE 10, Ficures 4, 5 


1843. Cyclostoma rufescens SowrerBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 94, pl. 24, 
figs. 36, 37. 
1843. Cyclostoma rufescens SowERBY, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 60. 

“Shell nearly orbicular, generally of a reddish colour, with a short 
spire consisting of 4 rounded, spirally ridged and striated volutions; 
the ridges crenulated; suture deep; aperture circular, with a thin 
sharp peritreme; umbilicus large. From Martinique, communicated 
by L. T. Powis, Esq.” 

I have not seen specimens that satisfy Sowerby’s description and 
figures which I have copied. 

Specimens of A. (A.) acutiliratus (Drouet) vary considerably in 
tuberculation of their spiral keels, and it is quite possible that 
Sowerby’s species represents merely an exaggerated form of Drouet’s 
A, (A.) acutiliratus. 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) ACUTILIRATUS (Drouet) 
PLATE 10, Fraures 1-3 


1859. Cyclophorus acutiliratus Drovurt, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et 
fluviatiles de la Guyane francaise, p. 89, pl. 3, figs. 42-44. 

Shell moderately large, openly umbilicated, varying in color from 
pale yellow to bright red. Nuclear whorls 2.5, well rounded, smooth. 
Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by exceedingly fine, 
closely spaced, incremental lines, which give the surface a silky appear- 
ance, and strong sublamellar keels, of which 5 are present between the 
summit and the suture on the next to the last whorl, and 10 on the last 
turn. ‘These keels are not quite regular in strength and distribution. 
They average from one-half to one-fourth the width of the spaces that 
separate them. Suture channeled. Periphery rounded. Base with 
the umbilicus about one-fourth the greater diameter. Base well 
rounded, marked by 8 spiral cords. The umbilicus is bounded by a 
strong lamella and on the umbilical wall, within the umbilicus, 6 addi- 
tional spiral lamellae are present. Aperture oblique, circular; peri- 
stome simple, rendered somewhat fluted by the spiral sculpture. Oper- 
culum typically amphicyclotulid. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 585859, a female, 
is one of five specimens collected by me at Colson, 14 to 15 km. north of 
Fort de France, Martinique. This has 5.4 whorls and measures: 
Height, 11.1 mm.; greater diameter, 15.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.0 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 393879 contains seven specimens from the same lo- 
cality. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Bf 


U.S.N.M. No. 151358 contains a series of specimens collected by 
Sallé on Martinique. These show considerable variation. In some the 
spiral cords show slight nodulation, which suggests a trend toward A. 
(A.) rufescens (Sowerby) ; in fact, there is a possibility that this may 
be an extreme variation of that species. The spiral keels on the um- 
bilicus will easily distinguish it from all other known Amphicyclotulus. 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) SCHRAMMI (Shuttleworth) 
PLATE 10, FicurrEs 6-8 


1857. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) schrammi SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 
5, p. 269. 

Shell small, depressed-helicoid. Periostracum wax colored. Nu- 
clear whorls almost 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well 
rounded, marked by slightly keeled spiral cords, of which 5 are present 
on the second, while on the third 2 additional cords appear between the 
first near the summit and the suture. At the aperture 10 spiral cords 
are apparent. In addition to these spiral cords the shell is marked by 
fine incremental lines. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery 
well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, the umbilicus forming about 
one-fourth of the greater diameter of the shell. The base is sculptured 
like the spire, bearing 5 cords, while 3 additional ones are present 
on the outer portion of the umbilical wall, the inner part being free 
of spiral sculpture. Aperture oblique, almost circular, slightly angu- 
lated at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typically 
amphicyclotulid. 

U.S.N.M. No. 491754 contains two specimens from Guadeloupe, one 
of which we have figured. This has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 
5.5 mm.; greater diameter, 9.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.6 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 331792 contains two more specimens received from 
Petit. 

This species is most nearly related to A. (A.) doménicensis, from 
which it is easily distinguished by its much more distantly spaced spiral 
cords on the base. 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) DOMINICENSIS, new species 


Pate 10, Frcures 9-11 


Shell small, helicoid, openly umbilicated. The nuclear and early 
postnuclear turns red, the rest covered by a yellowish periostracum. 
Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls some- 
what inflated, strongly rounded, marked by strongly raised, almost 
keellike spiral threads, of which 9 are present between the summit and 
the suture on the next to the last whorl and 9 between the summit and 
the periphery on the last whorl. The spaces that separate these cords. 


58 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


which are quite regular, are a little more than twice as wide. Periphery 
rendered almost angulated by a spiral cord. In addition to the spiral 
cords the whorls are marked by slender incremental lines. Suture well 
impressed. Base rather short, well rounded, marked by the continua- 
tion of the incremental lines and 9 spiral cords, which equal those on 
the spire in strength, but weaken toward the aperture. The umbilical 
wall also shows traces of spiral cords. The umbilicus is about one- 
fifth the greater diameter of the last whorl. Aperture oblique; peri- 
stome simple. Operculum typically amphicyclotulid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 585857, comes from Long Dilton, Dominica. 
It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 5.5 mm.; greater diameter, 
8.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.2 mm. A paratype is in the American 
Museum of Natural History. 

This species is nearest related to A. (A.) schrammi (Shuttleworth), 
from which it can be distinguished readily by its color and the greater 
number of spiral cords. 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) LIRATUS (Drouet) 
PLATE 11, Figures 4-6 


1859. Cyclophorus liratus DRovEtT, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles 
de la Guyane francaise, p. 88, pl. 3, figs. 30-82. 


Shell decidedly depressed-helicoid, openly umbilicated, covered by a 
wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.3, well rounded. Post- 
nuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by rather strong, regular and 
regularly spaced spiral cords, of which 14 are present between the 
summit and the suture on the last turn. In addition to the spiral 
sculpture, the whorls are marked by closely spaced incremental threads. 
Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately in- 
flated, well rounded, marked by 18 spiral threads, which equal those 
on the spire in strength, and by the continuation of the incremental 
lines. The umbilicus is about one-fourth the width of the greater 
diameter of the shell, and the umbilical wall bears a few indications of 
spiral threads. A cross section of the last whorl would appear broadly 
oval. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, with scarcely any angling at 
the posterior angle of the aperture; peristome simple. Operculum 
typically amphicyclotulid. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 474037, comes 
from Martinique. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 7.8 mm.; 
greater diameter, 14.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.3 mm. 

This species suggests both A. (A.) méneri and A. (A.) guadeloupen- 
sts but differs from them in having the spiral sculpture extend to the 
peristome and in being much more depressed. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 59 
AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) PERPLEXUS, new species 
PLATE 11, FicurEs 7-9 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, covered by a wax-yellow periostra- 
cum, which assumes a rosy tinge toward the apex. Nuclear whorls 
almost 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly 
rounded, marked by slender incremental lines and on the next to the 
last turn by six low, rounded spiral threads, of which the one at the 
summit is weaker than the rest. On the last whorl these threads be- 
come obsolete and almost vanish before reaching the peristome. Su- 
ture moderately impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well 
rounded, openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being about one-third the 
width of the greater diameter. The base is marked by incremental 
lines only. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, with a slight angle 
at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Operculum typically 
amphicyclotulid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535858, comes from Guadeloupe. It has 
4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 11.5 
mm.; lesser diameter, 8.0 mm. 

U.S.N.M No. 43485 contains another specimen from the same lo- 
cality. 

U.S.N.M. No. 151348a contains two additional specimens collected 
by Sallé on Guadeloupe. 

The weak sculpture of this species will differentiate it from the 
rest of the species. 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (AMPHICYCLOTULUS) PORTORICENSIS (Boettger) 
PLATE 11, Ficurres 19-21 


1887. Cyclotus portoricensis Borrrcrr, Jahrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 14, 
pp. 101-102, pl. 4, fig. 7. 


Shell broadly openly umbilicated, umbilicus equaling a fifth part 
of the width of the base, depressed-turbinate, solid, olivaceous, a little 
lighter on the base, shining, spire little expanded, convex; apex quite 
small, somewhat obtuse, after decortication, red. Whorls, 5-5.5, in- 
creasing regularly in size, with impressed disjunct suture, convex, 
minutely rugulose striate and everywhere densely spirally lirate, lirae 
13-15 in the penultimate whorl, last whorl terete, base more convex, 
a little expanded at the aperture or slightly descending. Aperture 
moderately large, oblique; peristome continuous, straight, acute, 
white, with the margin somewhat thickened all around; columella a 
little retracted and reflected. Operculum immersed, corneous with 
11 turns, its nucleus concave. 


60 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Height, 13-13.5 mm.; diameter, 19.5-20.5 mm.; height of aperture, 
9.5-10.5 mm.; diameter, 8.5-9.5 mm. Habitat, Rio Blanco, in the 
Sierra de Caduros, Puerto Rico. 

Boettger says he had before him seven specimens sent to him by 
Otto Goldtuss. 

I have not seen this species and have freely translated Dr. Boett- 
ger’s description and copied his figures. 

It is related to A. (A.) guadeloupensis, A. (A.) mineri, and A. (A.) 
liratus (Drouet). The strong lirations of the base will distinguish 
it from the first two; it is easily differentiated from the last by its 
much larger size. 


CYCLOBLANDIA, new subgenus 


Amphicyclotulus in which the whorls, even the early postnuclear 
turns, are without raised spiral cords or threads. 

Type: Cyclostoma beauiana Petit= Amphicyclotulus (Cycloblandia) 
beauianus (Petit). 

We know this subgenus from Guadeloupe, Grande Terre, Dominica, 
and Martinique. 

The anatomy of A. (Cycloblandia) amethystinus (Guppy) shows 
the radula to have the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw without median 
projection. The verge is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles, 
and traversed by a vas deferens. The terminal appendage is long and 
threadlike, almost as long as the basal portion. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOBLANDIA 


Shell large, greater diameter more than 15 mm__________________ amethystinus 
Shell small, greater diameter less than 12 mm_____-___-______-_- beauianus 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (CYCLOBLANDIA) AMETHYSTINUS (Guppy) 
PLATE 11, FIGURES 1-3 
1868. Cyclotus amethystinus Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 1, p. 433. 


Shell large, depressed-helicoid, covered by a pale olive periostracum. 
Nuclear whorls 1.8, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, 
strongly rounded, marked by fine incremental lines, which vary some- 
what in strength and by inconspicuous hair lines a little darker than 
the general coloration of the shell. In cross section the whorls are 
rather inclined to oval than circular. Suture well impressed, particu- 
larly so on the early turns. Periphery strongly rounded. Base not 
inflated, well rounded, marked by incremental lines equaling those on 
the spire, which on the last portion of the last whorl become intensi- 
fied. Aperture oblique, almost circular; peristome simple. Operculum 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 61 


with about 8 whorls, thin, horny, with the outer edge of the turns 
slightly upturned and the exposed portion retractively striate. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 478947, is one of 
several hundred which I collected at Danes on the east side of the 
watershed east of Portsmouth, Dominica, August 4, 1928. It has 5.0 
whorls and measures: Height, 9.8 mm.; greater diameter, 15.2 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 12.0 mm. The larger series is registered as U.S.N.M. 
No. 473946. 

My notes say of the animal: “Entire surface flesh-colored with a 
roseate flush, a pale rose-colored space runs across the snout in front 
of the tentacles, which are bright orange. The sole of the foot of the 
same coloration as the dorsal part. Found on the ground under decay- 
ing rubbish.” 


AMPHICYCLOTULUS (CYCLOBLANDIA) BEAUIANUS (Petit) 
PLATE 11, Ficurres 10-12 


1853. Cyclostoma beauiana Petit, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 4, p. 368, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12. 
1854. Cyclostoma inornata RepFteLD, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 6, p. 18, 
pl. 1, fig. 7. 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, openly umbilicated, olivaceous horn 
colored. Nuclear whorls 1.6, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls 
strongly rounded, marked by fine incremental lines only. The summit 
of the whorls is slightly flattened near the suture, which renders this 
fairly conspicuous. Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly 
rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture oblique, almost circular, 
slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome simple. Interior 
of the aperture reddish orange within, paling toward the edge. Oper- 
culum thin, horny, multispiral. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535844, is one of 
five collected by me at Traicou Chet, Crois Rivier, Guadeloupe, July 31, 
1928. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 7.7 mm.; greater 
diameter, 11.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. 

I collected two additional specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 390055, at Habi- 
tation La Tapick, Guadeloupe. Two specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 151348, 
were collected by Sallé with the locality Guadeloupe. A dead specimen, 
U.S.N.M. No. 390085, was obtained at Lepes, Grande Terre, July 30, 
1928; and six more, U.S.N.M. No. 393118, were collected at Grande 
Ravine, Grande Terre. 

These latter specimens are not distinguishable from those taken on 
Guadeloupe. Petit’s species was described from Grande Terre and 
Redfield’s from Guadeloupe. 


428349—42-_5 


62 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
Subfamily APEROSTOMINAE Torre and Bartsch 


This subfamily is defined on p. 38. 


KEY TO THE GENERA OF WEST INDIAN APEROSTOMINAE 


Basal chondroid plate produced into fimbriations. 


Spire with spiral keels,or cords_______._-.—-----______-_--- Crocidopoma 
Spire without spiral keels or cords. 
Peristome with a breathing notch_---_---___--_____--_-_- Cyclojamaicia 
Peristome without a breathing notch__---_---_--__--- Cyclovendreysia 


Basal chondroid plate not produced into fimbriations. 
Operculum with a strongly elevated calcareous lamella. 


Lamelia incurved! throughouts22222 2 Cyclopilsbrya 
Lamella not incurved throughout. 
Lamella expanded at free edge-------------------- Ptychocochlis 
Lamella not expanded at free edge_--__-__--_------------- Poteria 
Operculum without a strongly elevated calcareous lamella____ Aperostoma 


Genus CROCIDOPOMA Shuttleworth 


For definition of Crocidopoma see p. 39. 

Our knowledge of the anatomy of Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) 
wortex elevatum is based upon a very poorly preserved specimen of 
the animal of this species. It shows a radula having the formula 
3: 3: 3: 2. The male reproductive system resembles that of 
Amphicyclotulus. 

A key to the subgenera of Crocidopoma will be found on p. 39. 


Subgenus CRocIpOPOMA Shuttleworth 


1857. Crocidopoma SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5, pp. 271-272. 
1891. Crocidopoma Crosss, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 160. 

In this subgenus the flocculations of the operculum extend very 
greatly beyond the edge of the calcareous lamella. 

Type: Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) flocedsum Shuttleworth=Crocido- 
poma (Crocidopoma) floccosum (Shuttleworth). 

This subgenus is confined to Hispaniola. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS CROCIDOPOMA ? 


Subsutural ‘Spiral* keel ‘very ‘strong: —2 eS soi ee eee vortex 
Subsutural spiral keel not very strong. 
Suture very broadly channeled. 


Shell planorboid2 22 "2222 eee ee casuelense 

Shell’ depressed-helicoid=2_- == 24 ee milleri 
Suture not very broadly channeled. 

Shell helicoid {2222 eee ee __ orcutti 

Shell depressed-helicoid_.._—_.- _- .. =. = SE ee eee ee abbotti 


20. (C.) floccosum (Shuttleworth) is not included in this key for lack of material for 
differential comparison with material at hand, none of our specimens satisfying the 
description thereof. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 63 
CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX (Weinland) 


Shell small, almost lenticular with a thin yellowish-brown perio- 
stracum, which is usually worn on the keels, exposing them as white 
lines. The denuded shell is white. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly 
rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and 
marked by elevated spiral keels, of which 6 are present between the 
summit and the suture on the first turn and 7 on the remaining whorls. 
On the last half of the last turn there are usually intercalated threads. 
Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded and marked by 5 strong 
keels between the periphery and the edge of the umbilicus, 5 more 
being present on the umbilical wall. The umbilicus is open and the 
whorls can be seen within. Aperture very slightly oblique, circular ; 
peristome rendered sinuous by the spiral cords. Operculum typically 
crocidopomid. 

The species is restricted to the southwestern peninsula. 

We are recognizing two subspecies, which the following key will 
help to differentiate : 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF CROCIDOPOMA VORTEX 


ShellMilenticnilars Wee ae eee ee oe ee er ae ree eee ee are ee vortex 
Shell depressed-helicoid 2204. Sh ee) See ee ee eee elevatum 


CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX VORTEX (Weinland) 
PLATE 11, Figures 13-15 


1862. Cyclostoma vortex WEINLAND, Malak. Blitter, vol. 9, p. 90. 
1869. Cyclotus vortex PFEIFFER, Noy. Conch., vol. 3, p. 445, pl. 98, figs. 17-20. 


Shell small, almost lenticular, with a pale yellowish-brown peri- 
ostracum, which when worn from the strong spiral keels leaves the 
white shell below exposed. Nuclear whorls 1.5, strongly rounded, 
smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by decidedly ele- 
vated spiral keels, of which 6 are present between summit and suture 
on the first turn, and 7 on the remaining turns. On the last half 
of the last turn intercalated finer threads appear between the heavy 
keels. In addition to the spiral keels the shell is marked by rather 
strong incremental lines. The space between the very strongly ele- 
vated keel near the summit and the summit of the whorl makes the 
suture a deeply impressed channel. Periphery well rounded. Base 
well rounded, marked like the spire, 5 strong keels being present 
between the periphery and the edge of the umbilicus and 5 more on 
the umbilical wall. The umbilicus is broad and extends to the very 
first whorl. The last turn is solute for about one-twentieth of a 
turn. Aperture very slightly oblique, circular; peristome ren- 
dered slightly sinuous by the spiral cords and somewhat notched by 


64 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


the first spiral cord below the suture, which undoubtedly when closed 
by the operculum leaves a breathing space. Operculum typically 
crocidopomid. 

This subspecies has a rather wide range along the coast of the 
southern peninsula. We have many specimens, from many stations, 
ranging from Port-au-Prince around the end of the island, down 
the south coast to near Aquin, to some of the outlying small islands 
of the region. Throughout this range the shells are fairly constant, 
differing, however, materially in size in the individual colonies and 
also in the amount of solution with the last turn. In an exceedingly 
large old individual this may extend over considerably more space 
than in those not quite so big. Specimens collected by Henderson and 
Simpson at La Ferrier, Haiti, U.S.N.M. Nos. 162982 and 490072, and 
by W. L. Abbott at Sostia, Dominican Republic, U.S.N.M. Nos. 
336766 and 336788, both near the north coast of Hispaniola, are indis- 
tinguishable from those of the south peninsula. 

The specimen that has served for my description and figure, 
U.S.N.M. No. 403073, comes from the type locality, a little west of 
Jérémie. It has 4.1 whorls and measures: Height, 6.7 mm.; greater 
diameter, 11.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm. 

A very large specimen from Anse du Clerc, Dept. du Sud, U.S.N.M. 
No. 401741, has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 9.9 mm.; greater 
diameter, 14.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm. 


CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) VORTEX ELEVATUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 11, FicuRes 16-18 


This subspecies agrees completely in its sculpture with the typical 
form. It differs materially from it, however, in being much more 
elevated and in having the keel at the summit much more closely ap- 
proximated to the preceding turn, thus making the channeled suture 
much narrower. The specimens were collected on top of Mount 
Rochelois. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535846, was collected by W. J. Eyerdam and 
measures: Height, 8.9 mm.; greater diameter, 12.4 mm.; lesser di- 
ameter, 9.9 mm. 

CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) FLOCCOSUM (Shuttleworth) 
PLATE 12, FIGURE 16 
1857. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) floccosum SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ Conchyl., vol. 5, 
pp. 268, 272. 


1863. Oyclotus floccosus REEVE, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 48. 


Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, with incremental hair 
lines and closely spaced, slightly nodulose, spiral keels, which alternate 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 65 


in strength, whitish with a thin soiled-yellow periostracum. The apex 
does not project materially and is rather obtuse. Suture deeply 
channeled. Whorls 4.5, convex, the last descending, keeled above and 
solute. Aperture scarcely oblique, circular; peristome simple and 
acute. Operculum typical. Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 
12.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm. Aperture, 4 mm. broad and wide. 

The above is a translation of Shuttleworth’s description to which 
he adds, “Habitat, Haiti Sallé.” 

I have mapped Sallé’s travels in the island of Hispaniola. They 
did not extend into the range of what I am here calling C. (C.) vortex 
(Weinland), which occupies the western portion of the south penin- 
sula, and which has been at times confused with the present species. 

QC. (C.) floccosum (Shuttleworth) is from Santo Domingo. The 
United States National Museum collection contains other species from 
Santo Domingo, but it does not have representatives of C. (C.) floc- 
cosum. For that reason I am copying Reeve’s figure. 


CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) CASUELENSE Crosse 
Puate 41, FiguREs 7-9 


1891. Crocidopoma casuelense Crosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 39, p. 161. 
1902. Crocidopoma casuelense Kozett, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, pp. 259-260, 
fig. 54. 


Shell planorbid, covered with a thin yellow periostracum (nuclear 
whorls decollated). The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded 
and marked by strong spiral keels, of which 7 are present on the first 
remaining turn between the summit and the periphery, and 12 on 
the same space on the last turn. The first keel at the suture is only 
a trifle heavier than the remaining ones. The spaces between these 
keels are broader than the keels. The axial sculpture consists of fine 
hair lines, and the last whorl is solute for about one-tenth of a turn. 
Suture very deeply impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base very 
broadly openly umbilicated and marked by 6 spiral keels equaling 
in strength those on the spire. There are 7 additional spiral keels 
of equal strength and spacing on the umbilical wall. On the base 
and umbilical wall the keels are narrower than the spaces that separate 
them. Aperture subcircular; peristome slightly reflected, thin. 
Operculum typically crocidopomid. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 331865, is one 
of the Redfield collection collected by Cuming. It has 3 postnuclear 
whorls remaining and measures: Height, 5.2 mm.; greater diameter, 
10.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 7.7 mm. I have been unable to locate the 
exact position of Casuela in Hispaniola. 


66 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) MILLERI, new species 


PLATE 12, Figures 1-3 


Shell helicoid, covered with a pale brown periostracum, or at least 
one would be led to believe so by the fragments clinging to the speci- 
men at hand. Nuclear whorls about 1.6, well rounded, smooth. Post- 
nuclear whorls inflated, very strongly rounded, marked by rather 
slender, rather broad, spiral cords, of which 11 are present on the 
last two turns between summit and suture. These are separated by 
spaces only a little wider than the cords. The one at the summit is 
broader than the rest and the space between the summit and this is 
deeply inbent to form a wide channel at the suture. Periphery 
strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, marked by 10 
spiral cords which equal those of the spire in strength and spacing. 
Umbilicus moderately broad, the umbilical wall of the last whorl 
bears 6 spiral cords. Aperture circular; peristome rendered slightly 
sinuous by the spiral cords, slightly notched at the heavy cord near 
the summit. Operculum? 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 389796, has 3.7 whorls remaining and 
measures: Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 9.9 mm.; lesser diame- 
ter, 7.4 mm. It was collected by Gerrit S. Miller on the slope of 
Loma de Cielo, Bohoruco Mountains, at an altitude of 3,000 feet, 
Polo, Barahona District, Dominican Republic. 


CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) ORCUTTI, new species 


PLATE 12, FIGURES 36-38 


Shell large for the genus, depressed-helicoid, covered by a pale yel- 
lowish periostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. 
Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, marked by moderately 
elevated spiral cords, of which 8 are present on the first, 10 on the sec- 
ond, and 16 on the last part of the last turn between summit and peri- 
phery. These cords increase in number by intercalation and therefore 
vary considerably in strength. The first one near the summit, how- 
ever, is always stronger than the rest. In addition to this the shell is 
marked by rather strong incremental lines, which are more or less 
hairlike and give to the spiral cords an almost granular aspect. Suture 
profoundly narrowly channeled. Periphery well rounded. Base 
strongly rounded, moderately broadly umbilicated, marked by 9 spiral 
cords between which finer threads are present at the termination of the 
last whorl. The umbilical wall bears 6 spiral cords with an inter- 
calated one between the outer heavy keels. Last whorl solute for 
about one-twentieth of a turn. Aperture slightly oblique, almost cir- 
cular, with a slight notch formed by the subsutural keel; peristome 
smooth. Operculum typically crocidopomid. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 67 


This species was collected by Charles R. Orcutt on Gimbi Mountain 
in the southwestern part of the southern peninsula of Haiti. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535847, has 4.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 11 mm.; greater diameter, 14 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.8 mm. 


CROCIDOPOMA (CROCIDOPOMA) ABBOTTI, new species 


PLATE 12, Figures 13-15 


Shell almost lenticular, white (it has lost its periostracum). Nuclear 
whorls? Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by slender, 
well elevated, spiral keels, of which 6 are present between summit and 
suture on the first, 8 on the second, and 9 on the last whorl. These 
keels are only about one-fourth as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. The first one near the summit is much stronger and broader 
than the rest and is notched at the peristome to furnish a breathing 
space. Suture narrowly and profoundly channeled. Periphery well 
rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by 6 slender spiral keels. 
The umbilicus is very broad and profound. The wall on the last whorl 
bears 5 spiral keels. The last whorl is solute for about one-thirtieth 
of aturn. Aperture circular, very slightly oblique; peristome simple, 
except that it is rendered wavy by the spiral cords. Operculum? 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356197, a broken specimen, has lost the 
nuclear whorls and part of the last turn. The 2.3 whorls remaining 
measure: Height, 6.3 mm.; greater diameter, 10.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 
7.4mm. This was collected by Dr. Abbott at “Cave, Savanna, 1 hour 
west of Maniel Viejo, Bohoruco Mts.,” southwest Dominican Republic ; 
altitude, 2,510 feet. 

A young specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 389873, was collected by Gerrit 8S. 
Miller at Polo, District Barahona, Bohoruco Mountains, altitude 2,000 
feet, Dominican Republic. 

While I dislike to base a species on an imperfect specimen, for the 
sake of completeness I am here doing so. 


CYCLOJAMAICIA, new genus 


Medium-sized aperostomids of almost lenticular form, with deeply 
channeled suture and a decided narrow notch in the peristome at the 
posterior angle of the aperture, which leaves on the preceding parts of 
the whorls at this part of the shell a rough raised cord. Operculum 
with a multispiral, strongly elevated, obliquely outward curved cal- 
careous lamella between the turns of which project thin scalelike fimbri- 
ations, the outer extension of the basal chondroid elements; on the in- 
ner turns these are worn off to the length of the calcerous lamella, 
while on the outer margin in perfect specimens they project to fully 
triple the width of the calcareous lamella as partly overlapping, obli- 


68 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


quely placed shingles. These fimbriations therefore are not merely a 
cutting up of the expanded basal chondroid plate, but they represent in 
a measure a decidedly folded and cut feature. These fimbriations on 
the outer whorl are also somewhat fluted. They are as thin as tissue 
paper and unless very carefully handled might easily be destroyed. 

Type: Cyclostoma suturale Sowerby=Cyclojamaicia suturalis 
(Sowerby). 

The genus is confined to Jamaica. 

The radulae of Cyclojamaicia bondi (Vanatta) and C. suturalis 
(Sowerby) show the formula 3:3:3:3. The jaw of C. bondi is with- 
out median projection. The verge of both is situated on the back of 
the neck behind the tentacles and is swollen basally. It is traversed 
by a seminal groove only. The terminal appendage is very short and 
appears almost chitinized and is shaped like a single turn of the tip 
of a wood screw. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GENUS OCYCLOJAMAICIA 


Suturall channeli wid@ee ee fee ae nace Bene Oe ee ee bondi 
Sutural-channel narrows se ae ee suturalis 


CYCLOJAMAICIA BONDI (Vanatta) 
PLATE 12, Fiaures 7-9 


1936. Poteria (Crocidopoma) bondi VAnatTra, Nautilus, vol. 49, pp. 98-99. 


Shell lenticular, very broadly umbilicated, covered with a brownish 
wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls about 1. Postnuclear whorls 
strongly rounded, the first without a keel at the summit, the rest with 
the strongly rounded keel at some distance from the preceding turn, 
which leaves a broadly channeled suture between that and the keel. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by very closely spaced, hairlike, 
sublamellar axial riblets. In crossing the keel at the summit these 
become decidedly backward bent. Periphery well rounded. Base well 
rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture circular with a notch at the 
posterior keel as in Cyclojamaicia suturalis (Sowerby). Operculum 
as described in the generic diagnosis. 

The specimen figured is one of a series, U.S.N.M. No. 399392, collected 
by Charles R. Orcutt at Retreat, 1 mile west of Great House, St. Ann 
Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 6.1 mm.; 
greater diameter, 13.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.5 mm. 

We have 22 lots of this species in the collection of the U. S. National 
Museum, which range from Stewart Town in a curve east to Moneague 
in St. Ann Parish. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 69 


CYCLOJAMAICIA SUTURALIS (Sowerby) 
PLATE 12, Figures 10-12 


1843. Cyclostoma suturale Sowrrsy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 29. 
1848. Cyclostoma suturale G. B. Sowersy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, 
p. 91, pl. 23, figs. 1-2. 

Shell lenticular, very widely umbilicated, covered with an oliva- 
ceous, wax-colored periostracum. Nuclear whorls about 1, well 
rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded, the first one 
with a normal suture, the rest with a decidedly elevated keel, sep- 
arated from the preceding turn by a very deeply channeled suture. 
The keel in fact is a backward reflection of succeeding stages of 
the edge of the peristome, near the posterior angle of the aperture, 
where there exists a sinus, which forms a notch in the peristome, 
which serves as a breathing pore when the operculum closes the 
aperture. The postnuclear whorls are marked by very closely spaced, 
hairlike, sublamellar axial riblets. These in crossing the keel at the 
summit become decidedly backward bent. Periphery well rounded. 
Base well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture circular, except- 
ing the sinus at the posterior angle referred to above. Peristome 
simple. Operculum as described in the generic diagnosis. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535685, is one 
of four collected by Dr. H. Burrington Baker at his station J22, 
that is, the hill north of Rotten Gut, Manchester Parish, Jamaica. 
It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 7.0 mm.; greater diameter, 
14.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.6 mm. 

We have 23 additional lots of this species, all of which come from 
the edge of the Cockpit country, from the northeastern part of 
St. Elizabeth to the northwestern part of Manchester Parish and 
the extreme southern part of Trelawny Parish. All this material 
comes from within a radius of 6 miles. 

This species is easily distinguished from Cyclojamaicia bondi 
(Vanatta) by its much narrower channeled suture between the sum- 
mit and the keel. Furthermore, the keel at the summit in sutwralis 
is acute, while in C. bondi it is rounded. 

Sowerby, in describing this species, said that G. C. Bainbridge, 
of Liverpool, had received a few specimens many years ago from 
the woods of Demerara. This is undoubtedly a mistake, for nothing 
like it has ever been reported from the mainland. 


CYCLOVENDREYSIA, new genus 


Small, planorboid, widely umbilicated aperostomids, the whorls 
of which are circular in cross section, the sculpture consisting of 
incremental threads only. Operculum with a multispiral calcareous 
lamella, which is outward reflected to touch the succeeding turn at 


70 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


the outer edge, leaving a tear-drop-shaped space separating them 
basally. This lamella bears strong oblique threads. The dorsal 
chondroid plate is projected and upward turned at the outer edge 
of the last whorl to the height of the calcareous lamella or slightly 
above it. The upturned edge is slightly fimbriated. 

Type: Cyclostoma dubiosum C. B. Adams= Cyclovendreysia 
dubiosa (C. B. Adams). 

We have been unable so far to find a male of this species. The 
radula has the formula 3:3:3:3, and the jaw lacks distinct median 
projections. 


CYCLOVENDREYSIA DUBIOSA (C. B. Adams) 
PuatTe 12, Figures 46 


1851. Cyclostoma dubiosum C. B. ApAMs, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, 
p. 81. 


Shell lenticular, very widely openly umbilicated, covered with a 
brownish wax-colored periostracum. There is one nuclear turn, 
which is rounded and smooth. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly 
rounded, separated by a profoundly impressed suture and marked 
by slender, almost vertical, closely placed, hairlike axial riblets, which 
are a little more distantly spaced on the first turn than on the re- 
maining turns. Periphery strongly rounded. Base very broadly 
openly umbilicated, well rounded, marked like the spire, which is 
also the sculpture of the umbilical wall. In cross section the whorls 
are circular. Aperture slightly oblique, circular; peristome simple. 
Operculum described in our generic diagnosis. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356120, is one of several col- 
lected by John B. Henderson at Ipswich, St. Elizabeth Parish, 
Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 6.5 mm.; greater 
diameter, 14.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm. 

The United States National Museum contains 22 lots, and in addi- 
tion to this I have seen two lots from the C. B. Adams collection 
and four from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

The material before me enables me to say that the species ranges 
from the northwestern corner of St. Elizabeth Parish northward to 
Montego Bay, St. James Parish, through Trelawny to Browns 
Town, St. Ann Parish. Throughout this range it shows no differen- 
tiation into races. 

While the shell in general form resembles Cyclojamaicia suturalis 
(Sowerby) and @. bondi (Vanatta), its entirely different operculum 
and absence of sutural keel remove it at once from that complex. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Tal 
CYCLOPILSBRYA, new genus 


Medium-sized aperostomine mollusks having a strongly elevated 
spiral lamella on the outside of the whorls of the operculum, which 
is concavely curved on the inside. 

Type: Cyclostoma jugosum C. B. Adams=Cyclopilsbrya ( Cyclo- 
pilsbrya) jugosa (C. B. Adams). 

The anatomy of @. (C.) caribaea (Clench and Aguayo) shows the 
radula formula 3:3:3:3. 

The genus presents two primary modifications, which may be 
defined as subgenera, as follows. 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF GENUS CYCLOPILSBRYA 


Lamella curving uniformly inward to a sharp edge-----------~- Cyclopilsbrya 
Lamella not curving uniformly inward to a sharp edge, but with a 

broadly expanded fold, which extends from the outside of the free 

edge outward and downward almost to meet the next turn___ Cyclocaymania 


CYCLOPILSBRYA, new subgenus 


In this subgenus the strongly raised spiral lamella is curved inward 
and its free outer margin is sharp. 

Type: Cyclostoma jugosum C. B. Adams=Cycelopilsbrya (Cyclo- 
pilsbrya) jugosa (C. B. Adams). 

This subgenus is confined to western Jamaica, where it ranges 
through the parishes of Hanover, St. James, Westmoreland, and St. 
Elizabeth. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOPILSBRYA * 


Umbilical keel well developed. 
Wrinkled sculpture of base strong. 


Shell large, greater diameter more than 20 mm-____ westmorelandensis 

Shell small, greater diameter less than 15 mm_------~---~ hendersoni 
Wrinkled sculpture of base feeble. 

Pits outside of umbilical keel profound__-~~---------- glenburniensis 

Pits outside of umbilical keel not profound___---_-~-~----- rupisfontis 


Umbilical keel obsolete. 
Umbilicus very broad. 


Retractively slanting axial ribs of base very regular____--___-- striosa 
Retractively slanting axial ribs of base very irregular_______~~ jugosa 
Umbilicus not very broad. 
Shell large, greater diameter more than 24 mm-_----_----__-- caribaea 
Shell small, greater diameter less than 18 mm. 
Sculpture coarsely wrinkled___-~---------------------- rufilabris 
Sculpture not coarsely wrinkled_--~----~~-------~------ asperula 


31 have not seen C. (C.) beswicki (Chitty) and therefore have not included it in this key. 


72 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) WESTMORELANDENSIS (Chitty) 
PLATE 12, Ficures 30-82 


1857. Cyclotus westmorelandensis Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, 
. 156. 
1898. ease (Plectocyclotus) westmorelandensis KoBELT and MOLLENDORFF, 
Nachrbl. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint. 
1912. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) varians thielei Kosert, Martini-Chemnitz 
Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sec. 19, pt. 3, p. 944, pl. 141, figs. 10-12. 

Shell large, helicoid, the early whorls red, the last one pale brown 
with the appressed summit almost white. The nucleus consists of 
1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. The rest of the whorls are marked 
by rather strong axial ribs, which are about as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. They are very regular on the early turns but 
become less so on the last whorl owing to the additional wrinkled 
sculpture. Beginning with the fourth turn, rather large, feebly de- 
veloped, and irregularly distributed wrinkles, which fade out on the 
last part of the last turn, make their appearance. These wrinkles 
are best emphasized below the appressed summit. Suture strongly 
impressed on all but the last turn where the summit creeps up on 
the preceding turn and forms a cord. Periphery well rounded and 
marked by the wrinkling characteristic of the upper surface of the 
last turn. Base inflated, strongly rounded, moderately broadly, 
openly umbilicated and marked by a series of very strong, oblique, 
retractively slanting, short cords, which radiate from the outer edge of 
the umbilicus, but do not reach the middle of the base. The spaces 
separating these cords are not quite as wide as the cords. The rest of 
the base is feebly malleated. The umbilical wall is marked by obsolete 
ribs, which are the continuation of the strong oblique cords mentioned 
above. These, as well as their interspaces, are crossed by incremental 
lines. Aperture circular, oblique, decidedly protracted into a clawlike 
element at the posterior angle; the outer lip of the peristome is exca- 
vated below the summit and protracted on the middle, thin at the edge, 
with the inner lip thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid. 

The specimen figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 356099, received 
from C. B. Adams. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.2 
mm.; greater diameter, 23.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.3 mm. It is 
without specific locality label. 

The species appears confined to the south side of Westmoreland 
Parish, Jamaica, east of Savanna la Mar. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) HENDERSONI, new species 


PLATE 12, FiacuREs 21-23 


Shell very small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls pale; the succeeding 
whorls reddish; the last one yellowish, covered with a thin yellowish 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 73 


periostracum. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked 
by rather irregular wrinkled axial riblets. In addition to this, be- 
ginning with the second half of the first postnuclear whorl, wrinkles 
irregular in size and distribution make their appearance. These are 
rather coarse, particularly so on the last whorl. Suture well im- 
pressed, a little less so on the last part of the last whorl. Periphery 
well rounded and marked by the continuation of the wrinkles. Base 
inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbilicated with a low keel marking 
the outer edge of the umbilicus. The entire base is marked by very 
strong wrinkles, which almost assume the form of nodules, the spaces 
between them being strongly impressed pits. The umbilical wall is 
marked by coarse, low, rounded, broad ribs which in turn are crossed 
by the incremental lines. Aperture circular, protracted into an angle 
at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner rather 
thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 57764, was received from C. B. Adams. 
It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 9.9 mm.; greater diameter, 
14.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.0 mm. 

No definite locality accompanies this specimen, but the same species 
was obtained by Henderson near Kings, Westmoreland Parish, 
Jamaica, which is the only locality we have for it. Kings is on the 
south coast of Westmoreland near the boundary of St. Elizabeth 
Parish. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) GLENBURNIENSIS, new species 
Puate 12, Ficurres 18-20 


Shell large, helicoid, the denuded specimens soiled yellowish white. 
The nucleus consists of almost 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. The 
postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by retractively 
curved, closely approximated, rather broad axial riblets, which are 
quite regular on the early whorls but become sinuous and slightly 
irregular on the last whorl. Beginning with the middle half of the 
penultimate whorl wrinkles make their appearance. These gain in 
strength with the increasing whorls, but again fade out on the last 
one-tenth of the last turn. These wrinkles are irregular in strength 
and distribution and extend in a more or less zigzag pattern from 
the summit toward the periphery in the best-developed portion. Su- 
ture well impressed except on the last half of the turn, which creeps 
up on the preceding whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly 
rounded, moderately broadly openly umbilicated, with a very strong 
keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. The umbilical side 
of this keel is limited by a decided excavation. On the outside a 
series of rather distantly spaced, protractively curved, short, stout 


74 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


riblets radiate from the keel, leaving broad impressed pits between 
them. These riblets do not extend over more than one-third of the 
base; the rest of the base is marked by incremental lines and slight 
pittings. Aperture circular, protracted into a clawlike element at the 
posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat 
thickened, particularly so at the umbilical keel. Operculum typically 
cyclopilsbryid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535965, was collected by Orcutt on Glen- 
burnie Mountains, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.8 whorls 
and measures: Height, 19.2 mm.; greater diameter, 26.5 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 19.4 mm. 

Four additional lots from the immediate type locality are in the col- 
lection of the National Museum. 

The profound pits outside of the umbilical keel readily distinguish 
this species from C. (C@.) rupisfontis (Chitty), which it most nearly 
resembles. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) RUPISFONTIS (Chitty) 


PLATE 12, FicuRES 24-26 


1857. Cyclotus rupisfontis Curtrry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 155. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) rupisfontis Kopetr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint. 

Shell of medium size, elevated helicoid, covered with a dark chest- 
nut-brown periostracum except the region immediately below the 
summit, which is buff. There are also frequently spiral lines of the 
buff coloration on the last part of the last turn. The nucleus con- 
sists of 1.3 well rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are 
inflated, strongly rounded; the first is marked by very regular, 
strongly elevated axial riblets, which are separated by spaces about 
as wide as the riblets. Beyond this turn the axial sculpture becomes 
irregular and the riblets become more or less sinuous on the next 
whorl, while on the last whorl they are very sinuous and the indi- 
viduals vary materially in strength from the summit to the periphery, 
forming in fact a series of jointed slight wrinkles. In addition to 
this, there are heavy wrinkles on the last whorl, which are also 
irregular and slope in a general, slightly protractive direction. They 
are strongest on the middle of the turns and weaken toward the 
summit and the periphery and lend to the last whorl an irregularly 
nodulose aspect. Suture well impressed except on the last turn, 
which creeps very strongly up on the preceding turn, to which it 
is appressed, leaving a slight concave area below its summit. Pe- 
riphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, rather nar- 
rowly umbilicated, provided with a strong keel at the outer edge of 
the umbilicus. On the umbilical side the keel is strongly inpinched, 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 75 


while on the outside there is scarcely any impression. The umbilical 
keel itself is rendered rough by the incremental lines and immediately 
outside of this there are a few faint obsolete pits. The rest of the 
base is almost smooth or at best exceedingly faintly, irregularly, 
obsoletely nodulose. Aperture circular, protracted into a decidedly 
clawlike element at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome 
thin, the inner thickened, particularly so at the junction with the 
basal keel. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid. 

The specimen figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, No. 174180, 
is one of a series collected by Dr. H. B. Baker on the hills north of 
Retreat, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 19.0 mm.; greater diameter, 24.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 
18.0 mm. It resembles most closely @. (C.) glenburniensis, from 
which the feeble basal sculpture will readily differentiate it. 

The species is found on both sides of the boundary on the south 
side of Westmoreland and St. Elizabeth Parishes. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) STRIOSA (Chitty) 
PLATE 12, FicuRES 27-29 
1857. Cyclotus jugosus striosus Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156. 


Shell very small, decidedly depressed-helicoid; the early whorls 
reddish, gradually changing to wax yellow on the last turn. The 
nucleus consists of about 1.5 strongly elevated smooth turns; the 
succeeding whorls are marked by strongly elevated axial ribs, which 
are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them, and which 
on the last turn are most conspicuous on the oblique wrinkles. Be- 
ginning with the last whorl, rather rough, decidedly obliquely re- 
tractively slanting cords, which are about as wide as or a little wider 
than the spaces that separate them, make their appearance. ‘These 
cords are well elevated and extend enfeebled to the summit. Near 
the summit they assume a little more vertical direction. Suture 
strongly constricted, even on the last whorl. Periphery well rounded 
and marked by the sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, strongly 
rounded, very openly umbilicated, with the merest indication of an 
umbilical keel. The strong oblique cords described for the spire ex- 
tend over the entire base and pass down on the umbilical wall as less 
strong riblets. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior 
angle; outer lip of the peristome thin; the inner is slightly thickened. 
Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 168515, is one of a lot col- 
lected by Henderson and Simpson at Ipswich in the northwestern 
part of St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 9.8 mm.; greater diameter, 14.4 mm.; lesser diameter 
10.8 mm. 


76 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


We have many additional lots collected by Charles R. Orcutt from 
the same general region. 

The small size and the depressed-helicoid form will differentiate 
this from all the other members of the genus. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) JUGOSA (C. B. Adams) 
PLATE 12, FicurEs 33-35; PLAT 42, Fieures 11-13 


1852. Cyclostoma jugosum C. B. ApaMs, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, 
. 59. 
1852. joi jugosus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 27. 
1857. Cyclotus jugosus parva CuiTty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) jugosus Koperr and MO.LeNnporFr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 188, reprint. 

Shell very large, decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid, 
covered with a pale brown periostracum. The nuclear whorls are 
flesh colored, the succeeding whorls reddish, gradually paling to flesh 
color. The nucleus consists of 1.6 inflated, well-rounded, smooth 
whorls. The succeeding turns are marked by strongly elevated, slen- 
der, very regular, slightly retractively curved axial riblets, which are 
about one-third as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the 
last turn and a half strong wrinkles make their appearance, which 
are arranged in a peculiar zigzag pattern, the zigzagging being very 
broad. These wrinkles are about as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. On the last half of the last turn the zigzag arrangement 
becomes less conspicuous and the sculpture assumes more the character 
of nodulation. Suture well impressed on all the turns. Periphery 
well rounded and marked by the continuation of the sculpture of the 
spire. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked with strong 
oblique cords near the umbilicus, which have a protracted slant. The 
rest of the base is marked by finer irregular cords, which are irregu- 
larly distributed but very strongly developed. Umbilicus broad and 
open. The umbilical wall is marked by strong, almost sublamellar 
axial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular, oblique, slightly 
protracted at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin at 
edge, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclo- 
pilsbryid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 100685, is one of a large series 
collected by Orcutt between Ipswich and Springfield, near the 4-mile 
milestone, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.1 whorls and 
measures: Height, 16.7 mm.; greater diameter, 27.8 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 20.4 mm. 

This species is readily distinguished from @. (@.) striosa (Chitty) 
by its very large size and irregular cording of the base. Chitty 
described this as Cyclotus jugosus parva. We find that the size of 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA C6 


this species varies very greatly, and that specimens meeting all the 
requirements of Chitty’s parva may be found in any of the colonies. 
They merely represent individual variation, not zoogeographic races. 

This species is distributed through western St. Elizabeth Parish 
and the adjacent region of Westmoreland Parish. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) CARIBAEA (Clench and Aguayo) 
Puate 13, Fiaures 48-45 


1848. Cyclostoma corrugatum G. B. Sowrrpy, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, vol. 11, 
p. 30 (not Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke, Synopsis methodica mol- 
luscorum .. . p. 89, 1830). 

1935. Poteria caribaea CLENCH and AcuAyo, Nautilus, vol. 49, p. 51, pl. 3, figs. 5, 6. 

Shell large, helicoid. The nuclear whorls are pale brown, while the 
succeeding turns are chestnut-brown, gradually fading to flesh color. 
The nucleus consists of 1.5 well rounded, smooth turns. The post- 
nuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, all but the last 1.5 turns 
marked by slender, rather weak and moderately distantly spaced, 
slightly retractive axial riblets. The last 1.5, in addition to this 
sculpture, are marked by strong wrinkles, which are very strong near 
the summit and there almost vertical in position; below this there 
are oblique wrinkles, which are arranged in a more or less ill-defined 
zigzag fashion. Suture strongly impressed except on the last turn, 
which is slightly appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery strongly 
rounded and marked by the continuation of the axial sculpture. Base 
inflated, strongly rounded, with very coarse, oblique, protractively 
slanting wrinkled cords, which radiate from the outer edge of the 
umbilicus toward the periphery, weakening somewhat toward the 
periphery. The base is rather narrowly openly umbilicated and the 
umbilical wall is marked by coarse, almost lamellar axial riblets and 
fine lines of growth. Aperture circular, slightly protracted into an 
angle at the posterior angle; outer lip thin, the inner somewhat 
thickened. Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid. 

The specimen figured is one of a lot, U.S.N.M. No. 535696, collected 
by B. W. Oruda at Spring Mount, St. James Parish, Jamaica, and 
received from the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It has 5 whorls 
and measures: Height, 16.8 mm.; greater diameter, 24.8 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 18.0 mm. 

This species was first recognized by G. B. Sowerby, who called it 
Cyclostoma corrugatum; that name being preoccupied by Menke’s 
corrugatum, the adoption of Clench and Aguayo’s name caribaea 
becomes necessary. 

The species is rather widely distributed, ranging through Hanover, 
Westmoreland, St. James, and St. Elizabeth Parishes. 

428349426 


78 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) RUFILABRIS (Chitty) 
PLATE 13, Figures 1-3 


1857. Cyclotus jugosus rufilabris Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 156. 


Shell small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls flesh colored, the succeeding 
rose red, the rest brown with a reddish flush; aperture red. The 
nucleus consists of a little more than a well-rounded, smooth turn. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather closely spaced, poorly 
developed, slightly retractively curved axial riblets. Beginning with 
the last half of the penultimate whorl irregular wrinkles make their 
appearance. These are strongest immediately anterior to the summit, 
where they appear as groups of heavy broad nodules. Anterior to 
this the finer cords, which are decidedly oblique and irregular, are 
present. Suture well impressed on all the whorls except the last part 
of the last, in which the summit creeps up on the preceding turn. The 
periphery is well rounded and marked by the continuation of the 
sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, strongly rounded, with very 
strong, protractively curved, oblique wrinkles, which are separated by 
spaces as wide as the wrinkles. These do not extend to the periphery, 
but fade out toward the middle of the base, the anterior part being 
sculptured like the upper surface. The umbilicus is not very broad 
and its wall is marked by rather strong axial ribs, which, like the 
spaces between them, bear fine incremental lines. Aperture circular, 
decidedly oblique, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; 
outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. 
Operculum typically cyclopilsbryid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356148, bears the label “Ja- 
maica,” without detailed locality. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 12.2 mm.; greater diameter, 16.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12.5 mm. 

Three additional lots are in the collection of the National Museum. 
Two of these come from Balaclava, St. Elizabeth Parish, and another 
from Pepper, St. Elizabeth Parish. 

This species resembles most nearly C. (C.) asperula (Sowerby), 
from which it can readily be distinguished by its stronger sculpture. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) ASPERULA (Sowerby) 
PLATE 13, FIGURES 4-6 


1843. Cyclostoma asperulum SoweErBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 91, pl. 
23. fis, 3: 

1852. Cyclotus asperulus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vole dips 21. 

1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) asperulus KoseELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 79 


Shell small, helicoid, flesh colored, with a brownish flush. The nu- 
cleus consists of a little more than a single turn, which is well rounded 
and smooth. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, 
and marked by feeble, retractively curved axial riblets, which are 
about half as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last 1.5 
turns feeble wrinkles make their appearance, which on the last whorl 
are very regularly developed and distributed. They are not very prom- 
inent even here. Suture moderately strongly impressed. Periphery 
strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, very narrowly um- 
bilicated, marked by wrinkles, pits, and nodules. The umbilical wall 
is marked by slender riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular, 
oblique, protracted into a clawlike element at the posterior angle; outer 
lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum 
typically cyclopilsbryid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 474033, bears the label “Ja- 
maica,” without definite locality designation. It has 4.6 whorls and 
measures: Height, 12.3 mm.; greater diameter, 16.2 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 12.5 mm. 

This species resembles in size and shape C. (C.) rufilabris (Chitty), 
from which it can be easily differentiated by its weak sculpture. 

Two additional specimens in our collection are also without locality 
designation. 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOPILSBRYA) BESWICKI (Chitty) 


1857. Cyclotus beswicki Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lendon, p. 157. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) beswicki Kospetr and MO6LLENporFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 

I have not seen this species, so I quote Chitty’s description: 

“Form, subglobose-conic. Colowr, pinkish, with light brown epi- 
dermis. Sculpture, very coarse lines of growth, very slight distant 
corrugation on the last whorl, coarser below; fine lines of growth within 
umbilical keel. Spire, well elevated, with almost straight outlines. 
Whorls, 514, moderately rounded, with moderate suture. Aperture, 
oblique and much dilated to the right below, depressed above. Peri- 
treme, slightly sinuate above, sharp on the right. Umbilicus, moderate, 
greatest width 0.25 [6.25 mm.]. Umbilical keel, strongly produced. 
Operculum, with lamina of about 9 much incurved close spiral whorls, 
which are very slightly concave on the entire margins; end of last a 
little incurved to preceding one. Height 0.75 [18.75 mm.]; greatest 
breadth 0.9 [22.5 mm.]; least breadth 0.74 [18.50 mm. ]. 

“Bogue Estate, north-east corner of St. Elizabeth.” 


CYCLOCAYMANIA, new subgenus 


In this subgenus the spiral lamella is curved inward to the very 
edge, but attached to its free edge on the later turns is a broad fold, 


80 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


which extends in a curve downward and outward to almost meet 
the next whorl. 

Type: Poteria caymanensis Pilsbry=Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocay- 
mania) caymanensis (Pilsbry). 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOCAYMANIA 


Shell rugose. 


Umbilicus: wides2= 34 = ee Bees Sa ee ee caymanensis 
Umbilicug: Narrows, (ses ee eee ee eee fonticula 
Shell noe srs OS ere ce ee a ee laevitesta 


CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) CAYMANENSIS (Pilsbry) 
PLATE 138, FicurEs 7-9, 10-12 type 


1930. Poteria caymanensis PILsBRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. 82, 
pl. 18, figs. 4, 5. 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, flesh colored when the periostracum 
is removed. Nuclear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear 
whorls well rounded; the first with axial riblets, the rest with axial 
riblets which are less regular and toward the end become obsolete 
and decidedly irregular. On the middle of the postnuclear whorls 
there are decidedly obliquely retractively slanting rugae, which, com- 
bined with the axial sculpture, produce a decidedly rough surface. 
On the last part of the last turn the rugae almost disappear and the 
whorl, while still rough, is not as conspicuously patterned. Suture 
well impressed. Aperture rounded. Base openly umbilicated with a 
very strong carina marking the outer limits of the umbilicus. Within 
the umbilicus the shell is inpinched above the keel. The surface of 
the base has the rugations very strongly marked and here they appear 
quite regular and separated by spaces a little narrower than the 
raised ridges. The axial threads of growth here also are less pro- 
nounced, while on the umbilical wall the axial riblets are more em- 
phasized. Aperture decidedly oblique, somewhat peaked at the pos- 
terior angle; peristome moderately thickened. The last whorl is 
slightly descending and the peristome is therefore rendered free. 
Operculum ? 

Dr. H. A. Pilsbry collected the type and the paratype of this 
species 1 mile south of Georgetown, Grand Cayman. They constitute 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 150857. The type has 4.5 whorls 
and measures: Height, 8.7 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 11.0 mm. The paratype has lost the early whorls. It 
measures: Height, 10.6 mm.; greater diameter, 16.2 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 12.8 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA sl 
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) FONTICULA (Preston) 
PLATE 18, Figures 13-18; PLATE 42, Fiaures 6-7 
1911. Neocyclotus fonticulus PRESTON, Proc. Malac. Soe. London, vol. 9, p. 359, fig. 


Shell small, helicoid, covered with a wood-brown periostracum. 
Nuclear whorls 1.2, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls 
strongly rounded, the first turn marked by slender, retractively curved 
axial riblets. Beyond this the axial riblets give way to semilamellar, 
more or less closely spaced, irregularly developed, retractively slanting 
axial elements. These are rendered rough and more or less wavy by 
retractively curved, broad rugae, which on the last part of the last turn 
become enfeebled and almost vanish toward the aperture. Suture 
strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately well 
rounded, limited at the umbilicus by a very heavy keel. The base is 
sculptured by the continuation of the fine axial lamellae and by very 
strong, retractively curved, quite regular and regularly spaced cords, 
which are separated by grooves a little less wide than the cords. The 
base is openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being about one-third the 
width of the greater diameter of the shell. The umbilical wall appears 
excavated above the bounding keel and is marked by the axial lamella- 
tion only. In apparently very old, senescent individuals, the last whorl 
descends near the aperture. In a majority of specimens, however, 
this is not the case. Aperture decidedly oblique, subcircular. In the 
specimens where the last whorl is adnate to the preceding turn, the 
attachment to the parietal wall terminates in a lunate line and the 
peristome is protracted into a decided point at the posterior angle. In 
specimens where the last whorl is descending, the aperture becomes 
more nearly circular and the posterior angle shows a carina on the 
outside. Peristome simple; the outer lip thin; the inner lip, however, 
is materially thickened. Operculum typically cyclocaymanid. 

Preston’s type shows the senescent state, and I am figuring two speci- 
mens, one corresponding to his figure, and another showing the more 
prevalent phase. These have 4.9 and 4.8 whorls, respectively, and 
measure: Height, 10.0, 9.1 mm.; greater diameter, 14.5, 14.6 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 11.5 and 11.0 mm., respectively. 

These were selected from a large series of specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 
466831, collected by T. Savage English on Grand Cayman Island, with- 
out specific locality. 

Dr. H. A. Pilsbry obtained this species in the woods southwest of 
North Sound, and I found a dead specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 392278, at 
the church between St. George and Bowdentown. 


82 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
CYCLOPILSBRYA (CYCLOCAYMANIA) LAEVITESTA (Pilsbry) 


PLATE 13, FIcuRES 22-24 


1930. Poteria laevitesta Pruspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 82, pp. 
227-228, pl. 16, figs. 18, 18a, 19, 19a. 


Shell small, helicoid, covered with a honey-yellow periostracum. 
Nuclear whorls 1.4, small, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear 
whorls are well rounded, the first marked by very regular, retrac- 
tively slanting axial riblets, which are not quite so wide as the spaces 
that separate them. After this the riblets become less regular and 
more inclined to be lamellose and closely approximated, which render 
the surface of the spire rather rough but without rugations. Suture 
moderately constricted. Periphery almost angulated. Base short, 
well rounded, marked like the spire with indications of fine spiral 
lirations. A strong keel forms the umbilical angle. The umbilical 
wall is excavated above this keel. The base also is devoid of ruga- 
tions. The umbilicus is about one-fourth the diameter of the shell. 
Aperture decidedly oblique, protracted at the posterior angle into an 
almost spurlike element. Peristome simple, outer lip thin; inner lip 
decidedly thickened. Operculum typically cyclocaymanid. 

The specimen described and figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 
No. 150658, is a paratype collected by Charles B. Taylor on Grand 
Cayman. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 11.5 mm.; greater 
diameter, 16.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.5 mm. 


Genus PTYCHOCOCHLIS Simpson 
1895. Ptychocochlis Stmpson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, p. 481. 


Simpson replaces Platystoma Klein, several times preoccupied, with 
the name Ptychocochlis and cites as type Neocyclotus jamaicensis 
Chemnitz, rechristened orthodoxly by Menke in 1880 as Cyclostoma 
corrugatum. The type of Ptychocochlis Simpson is Ptychocochlis 
corrugata (Menke) = Turbo jamaicensis Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabi- 
net, vol. 11, pp. 277-278, pl. 209, figs. 2057, 2058, 1795 (nonbinomial) 
rechristened in 1830 as Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke, Synopsis 
methodica molluscorum * * *, p. 39. 

This genus is differentiated from Poteria by having the elevated 
lamellae of the operculum expanded at the summit to resemble the 
capital letter T or L inverted, the outer limb of the cross bar being 
much longer than the inner and touching that of the succeeding 
whorl, thus forming a complete deck. 

Type: Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke=Ptychocochlis corrugata 
(Menke). 

The radulae of Ptychocochlis clappi, P. martensi (Kobelt), and 
P. savannensis show the formula 3:3:3:3. The jaw is without a 
median projection. The verge of P. vendreysi is situated on the 


THB CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 83 


back of the neck behind the tentacles. It is swollen basally and pro- 
vided with a seminal groove and a very short simple terminal 
appendage. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PTYCHOCOCHLIS ‘ 


Nodulations present on base. 
Nodulations on base strong. 
Strong nodulations of base extending from umbilical keel to 
periphery. 
Strong nodulations present on base of all of last whorl. 
Upper side of last whorl very coarsely wrinkled__ corrugatior 
Upper side of last whorl] not very coarsely wrinkled. 


Wrinklestofihbase coaTs@esw. 22 8 gossei 
Wrinkles of base fine. 
Shell more than 20 mm. in diameter__-______ varians 
Shell less than 14 mm. in diameter_-________ gemma 


Strong nodulations present on base of early portion of 
last whorl only. 
Nodulations strong on all the upper surface of last 


whorl. 
iimhilrcalikeelsstrong= = 42 _ 2 heat Soe ete ees welchi 
Umbilical keel obsolete_.__.-__________ manchesterensis 


Nodulations not strong on all the upper surface of 
last whorl but obsolete on last part. 
Nodulose ridges retractively slanting at periphery_ taylori 
Nodulose ridges protractively slanting at pe- 


riphery. 
Nodulations coarse 23 ees ee ee eee ae zigzag 
Nodulations finers22 ee ea eee eve shawae 


Strong nodulations of base not extending from umbilical 
keel to periphery. 
Nodulations of upper surface of last whorl few and 
CUS LAVET EB yp SJO SL COU een nee eee ee ete ee earn Sense ones Hee) clappi 
Nodulations of upper surface of last whorl not few or 
distantly spaced. 


Shell gigantic, greater diameter more than 32 mm______ senex 
Shell not gigantic, greater diameter 27 mm, or less. 
Nodulations on base very strong______--______ corrugata 
Nodulations on base not very strong___-_________ adamsi 


Nodulations on base feeble. 
Oblique, protractively curved wrinkles present near umbili- 


GalleKGe TS 55 Ee as eh he ba cee Ok See simpsoni 
Oblique, protractively curved wrinkles absent near umbili- 
cal Keel. 
Weak nodules present on upper surface of all of last 
whorl. 
INodules on wbaseiweakeo2e ssart WA aris Dupe sere) martensi 
Nodules on base obsolete. 
UmbilicusAwide i) 2 ace. rks Sa eer es hendersoni 
Wmbilicusinarro yw wee tse Ne ae eee TER, marianna 


4T have not included P. subrugosa (Sowerby) in this key, since I have not seen specimens 
of it. 


84 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Weak nodules not present on the upper surface of all 
of last whorl. 
Penultimate whorl with obliquely curved wrinkles. 
Wrinkles retractively curved on anterior half 
OP WO Ts ee ee ee er lacteofiluvialis 
Wrinkles protractively curved on anterior 
half of whorl. 


Nodulose sculpture strong___-----------_ savannensis 
Nodulose sculpture weak__-_---__----------- orcutti 
Penultimate whorl without obliquely curved wrin- 
kles. 

Wrinkles on penultimate whorl arrow-shaped. 
Arrow-shaped wrinkles pointing forward____-- minor 
Arrow-shaped wrinkles pointing back- 

ward. 
Shell decidely elevated____________--__-_ magna 
Shell not decidedly elevated___---- montegoensis 
Wrinkles on penultimate whorl not arrow- 
shaped. 

Umbilicus: very ‘narrow =22.2-22=-4______ vendreysi 

Umbilicus not very narrow_.------------ subglobosa 

Nodulations absent, on: base===-— == ae eee campeachyi 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS CORRUGATIOR (Chitty) 
PLATE 13, FIGURES 37-39 


1857. Cyclotus corrugatior Cuirty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 149. 
1859. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) corrugatior KoseLr and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136. 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. Nuclear whorls flesh 
colored, the succeeding turns wood brown, the last one paler, with the 
summit of the corrugations lighter than the rest of the shell. Peristome 
and interior soiled bluish white. The nucleus consists of about 1 
smooth well-rounded turn. The first 114 postnuclear turns are well 
rounded and marked by slightly retractively curved axial riblets, which 
are about half as wide as the spaces that separate them. The suc- 
ceeding turns are also strongly rounded and marked by the continua- 
tion of the axial riblets, which here are rendered irregularly disposed 
by the strong rugations. Beginning with the third whorl and extend- 
ing over the remaining turns, except the last half of the last whorl, 
strongly raised, decidedly oblique, protractively slanting ridges make 
their appearance. These ridges extend to about one-fourth of the 
distance between the summit and the periphery anterior to the summit. 
They are rendered slightly nodulose by the axial riblets. The last half 
of the last turn is marked by nodules, which are not of uniform 
strength or spacing, or the direction of slant. These are also rendered 
more finely nodulose by the crossing axial riblets. The suture of all 
but the last half turn is deeply impressed. In the last half turn the 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 85 


summit of the whorls is appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery 
well rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, and provided 
with a strong keel at the outer limit of the umbilicus. The space be- 
tween the umbilical keel and the periphery is marked by raised, re- 
tractively slanting ridges, which join those on the upper portion of 
the whorl, but here have the reverse slant. They are not quite so 
strong as those on the upper surface and they weaken in strength 
toward the umbilical keel. In addition to this, strong incremental 
lines representing the continuation of the finer axial riblets are present. 
The umbilical wall is marked by crowded, rather rough axial riblets 
and incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, slightly angulated at the 
posterior angle where it is also somewhat protracted; the outer per- 
istome is strongly evenly curved; the inner slightly thickened at the 
umbilical keel. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.5 mm.; 
greater diameter, 21.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.9 mm. It is one of the 
specimens in the Adams collection at Amherst College, and the label 
states that it came from Gutters and was donated by Chitty. 

The species centers in Manchester Parish, Jamaica, but it also ex- 
tends into Clarendon to the east and the eastern part of St. Elizabeth 
and to the north into St. Ann Parish. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS GOSSEI, new species 
Pate 13, Ficures 34-36 


Shell rather large, helicoid. The nucleus and early postnuclear 
turns are almost blood-red; the rest unicolor, chestnut-brown, or 
banded. In the type there is a white band immediately below the 
summit and a broad light zone extending from the periphery to the 
middle of the base, and finer paler lines on the anterior portion of the 
base, which is also of a paler tint than the upper surface. The nucleus 
consists of a single, well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclear 
whorls are strongly rounded. The first postnuclear whor!] is marked 
by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are not quite as 
wide as the spaces that separate them. These fine riblets continue 
over the rest of the whorls, becoming a little heavier and decidedly 
irregular in distribution on the last whorl. On the second postnuclear 
whorl the beginning of the decidedly oblique, protracted ridges make 
their appearance. These become intensified as the shell increases in 
size, and on the penultimate whorl] they are about as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. They do not extend on the anterior fourth of the 
whorls and on the last half of the last whorl they become much en- 
feebled. They are never as pronounced as in P. corrugatior (Chitty). 
On all the whorls, except the last, the suture is well impressed ; on the 
latter the summit is appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery well 


86 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


rounded. Base strongly rounded, moderately broadly openly 
umbilicated, with a strong broad keel limiting the outer termination 
of the umbilicus. The posterior half of the base is decidedly wrinkled, 
almost to the very edge of the peristome. On the anterior half the 
wrinkling is almost absent. The umbilical keel is rendered somewhat 
notched by the axial sculpture. The umbilical wall is marked by fairly 
strong axial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture subcircular, 
angulated at the posterior angle and slightly effuse at the junction of 
the basal and outer lip. The outer lip is thin; the inner, some- 
what thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 398348, is one of a series collected by Orcutt 
at Hermitage Dam, Jamaica, that is, on the main road between Con- 
stant Spring and Stony Hill, St. Andrew. It has 5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 25.2 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 18.8 mm. 

The larger size, less open umbilicus, and more elevated form, as well 
as the feebler nodulation, will readily distinguish this species from 
P. corrugatior. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS VARIANS (C. B. Adams) 
PLATE 13, FIGURES 40-42 


1852. Cyclostoma varians C. B. ApAMs, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, 
p. 59. 

1852. Cyclotus varians PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
Suppl. 1, p. 27. 

1898. Neoayclotus (Plectocyclotus) varians Kosrirr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189, reprint. 


Shell of medium size, soiled flesh colored, covered by a pale brown 
periostracum. The nuclear whorls appear to vary from flesh colored 
to reddish. The nucleus consists of a little more than a turn, which 
is smooth and well rounded. The postnuclear whorls are strongly 
rounded; the first is marked by slender, retractively curved axial rib- 
lets, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them. 
Beginning with the second postnuclear whorl, strong, oblique, protrac- 
tively curved ridges make their appearance. These continue to the 
early part of the last whorl. These ridges do not extend quite to the 
summit but stop at about one-fourth of the distance between the 
summit and periphery, anterior to the summit. The spaces separat- 
ing these ridges are about equal to the ridges. They, as well as the 
ridges, are crossed by the slender axial riblets. On the last whorl 
the oblique ridges gradually disappear and are replaced by irregular 
wrinkles that appear to be without definite direction. This sculpture 
extends almost to the peristome. The suture is well impressed on all 
but the last turn, which is appressed at the summit. Periphery well 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA i7, 


rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly moderately broadly umbili- 
cated with a strong keel bounding the outer edge of the umbilicus. 
The entire surface of the base is marked by irregularly disposed 
wrinkles and pits. The umbilical keel is rendered rather rough by 
the incremental lines, which extend strongly and roughly into the 
umbilicus. Aperture subcircular, rather strongly protracted into an 
angle at the posterior angle; outer peristome thin, the inner somewhat 
thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured is one of C. B. Adams’ original lot, No. 6. 
This was selected by H. B. Baker ° as the type of Adams’ complex. It 
has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 14.6 mm.; greater diameter, 20.8 
mm.; lesser diameter, 15.6 mm. No specific locality accompanies this 
lot. 

The species appears restricted to the north coast of Jamaica in St. 
Mary and St. Ann Parishes, that is, the stretch between Port Maria 
and Ocho Rios Bay. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS GEMMA (Chitty) 


PuaTe 13, FIGuRES 25-27 


1857. Cyclotus gemma Currty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) gemma Kosetr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, pale horn colored. The nucleus 
consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclear 
whorls are well rounded; the first is marked by slender, retractively 
curved axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that sep- 
arate them. The second postnuclear whorl shows the beginning of 
oblique wrinkles, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. On the last whorl these wrinkles assume an irregular 
distribution, the spaces between them being a little wider than the 
wrinkles. These rugations do not extend quite tothe summit. Suture 
well impressed in all the turns. Periphery well rounded. Base 
broadly openly umbilicated, marked by very strong, rough, decidedly 
oblique, protracted cords, which are wider than the spaces that 
separate them and are rendered roughened by the axial riblets. The 
umbilical keel is but feebly expressed, and the umbilical wall is 
marked by closely spaced axial riblets. Aperture circular, slightly 
angulated at the posterior angle, oblique; peristome thin. Operculum 
typically ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured is C. B. Adams’ unique type in the Amherst 
College collection, received from Chitty, and is said to have come 
from Burnt Hill, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It is the only 


5 Nautilus, vol. 48, p. 86, 1935. 


88 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


specimen that I have seen. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 
7.9 mm.; greater diameter, 12.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.0 mm. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS WELCHI, new species 
PLatTe 13, Fiaures 28-30 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, the early whorls red, the rest oliva- 
ceous with a chestnut-brown ee interior of the arene bluish 
white. The nucleus consists of 1.2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The 
first postnuclear turn is well rounded and marked by poorly devel- 
oped, somewhat irregularly distributed, feeble axial riblets. On the 
remaining turns these riblets become more and more irregular owing 
to the rugate ridges marking the surface. Beginning with the sec- 
ond postnuclear whorl, these ridges gradually develop; they extend 
from almost at the summit to the periphery and have a decidedly 
protracted slant. They are not quite as wide as the low spaces that 
separate them, and are crossed by the slender riblets. Suture strongly 
constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated with 
a moderately strong keel marking its outer limit. The base is marked 
by weak, retractively curved ridges, which are best developed on the 
early pare of the last turn and become obsolete on the later portion. 
They are strongest near the periphery. The umbilical wall is marked 
by strong, fairly coarse riblets. Aperture circular, protracted into 
a decided angle at the posterior angle. Peristome thin. Operculum 
typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535966, was collected by d’Alté A. Welch 
at his station A7, at Hardware Gap, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica. 
Tt has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 10.6 mm.; preater diameter, 
15.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 11 mm. 

Nine topotypes are in Dr. Welch’s collection. This species suggests 
P. manchesterensis, from which its coarser sculpture on the upper sur- 
face, more pronounced umbilical keel, and feebler sculpture of the base 
will readily distinguish it. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS MANCHESTERENSIS, new species 


PLATE 13, FicuRES 19-21 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, pale chestnut-brown. Nuclear 
whorls 1.2, well rounded, smooth. The first postnuclear whorl is 
strongly rounded and marked by slender, slightly retractively curved, 
rather closely spaced axial riblets. These axial riblets become 
stronger and less regular on the succeeding postnuclear turn. On 
the last whorl they are decidedly sinuous. Beginning with the sec- 
ond postnuclear turn in addition to the axial riblets, the whorls are 
marked on the anterior two-thirds by decidedly obliquely slanting, 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 89 


protracted ridges, which are less than half the width of the spaces 
that separate them. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the 
last whorl well rounded. Base broadly openly umbilicated, the 
outer edge of the umbilicus being marked by an obsolete cord. The 
base is marked by rather closely spaced, broad, retractively curved, 
moderately elevated ridges, which are best developed on the early 
portion of the last turn. On the last portion of the last turn these 
ridges become obsolete. The umbilical wall is marked by rough 
riblets and incremental lines. Aperture circular, rather effuse at 
the junction of the outer and basal lip, and slightly angulated at the 
posterior angle; peristome thin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type is one of six specimens, No. 174135, in the collection of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. It was collected 
by H. Burrington Baker at Belretiro, Manchester Parish, Jamaica. 
It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 11 mm.; greater diameter, 
17.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS TAYLORI, new species 


PLATE 13, Fiecures 31-33 


Shell of medium size, varying in shape from helicoid to depressed- 
helicoid, covered with a thin olivaceous periostracum. The nucleus 
consists of a single smooth, well-rounded turn. The postnuclear 
whorls are strongly rounded; the first 1.5 are marked by rather weak, 
slender axial riblets which are rather distantly spaced. On the suc- 
ceeding turn the axial riblets become irregular, sinuous, and almost 
narrowly lamellose. Beginning with the second postnuclear whorl 
and extending to the last half of the last turn, very oblique, protac- 
tively slanting ridges are present, which are about as wide as the 
spaces that separate them. On the last half of the last turn these 
ridges become very irregular and have the nodules all arranged in 
a retractive position. Suture well impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base well rounded, openly, rather broadly umbilicated 
with a rather strong keel at the outer limit of the umbilicus. The 
early part of the base bears quite strong nodulations, which gradu- 
ally become weaker toward the end. ‘The umbilical wall is marked 
by numerous, closely spaced, slender hairlike riblets. Aperture sub- 
circular, oblique, slightly protracted and angulated at the posterior 
angle; outer peristome thin, the inner peristome is rather thickened. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356032, was collected by C. B. Taylor in 
Upper Clarendon Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: 
Height, 11.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.1 
mm. 


90 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


An additional specimen from the same locality is considerably 
larger. It has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 15.2 mm.; greater 
diameter, 21.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.0 mm. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS ZIGZAG (Chitty) 
PLATE 14, Ficures 138-15 


1857. Cyclotus zigzag Cu1try, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) zigzag KopBetr and MOLLENDoRFF, Nacnro. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint. 

Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. All our specimens have 
lost the epidermis, the remaining shell being soiled white. The nu- 
cleus consists of a little more than a single well-rounded, smooth turn. 
Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded; the first is marked by feeble, 
rather distantly spaced axial riblets. On the succeeding postnuclear 
whorls the axial riblets become rather irregular, owing to the nodula- 
tions; they also become stronger and appear almost lamellose. Be- 
ginning with the second postnuclear whorl, nodular ridges make their 
appearance. These ridges are not so wide as the spaces that separate 
them and do not extend over the posterior fourth of the turns. They 
are decidedly obliquely protractively curved. They become obsolete 
on the last fourth of the last whorl. Suture well impressed. Pe- 
riphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, strongly rounded, 
provided with a very strong keel marking the outer limit of the 
umbilicus. This keel is decidedly inpinched on the umbilical side, 
and a little less so on the outside. The first half of the last turn of 
the base is strongly nodulose; on the latter part the nodulation be- 
comes enfeebled. The umbilicai wall bears numerous axial riblets and 
fine hairlike incremental lines. Aperture circular, oblique, protracted 
into a slight angle at the posterior angle. Peristome thin on the 
outer lip and thickened on the inner. Operculum typically 
ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 399500, is one of a series col- 
lected by C. R. Orcutt in Grays Valley, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. It 
has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 12.4 mm.; greater diameter, 
18.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.8 mm. 

We have this species from quite a number of localities, all of which 
are located on the northern rim of Trelawny and the western portion 
of St. Ann Parishes. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS SHAWAE, new species 
PLATE 14, FicuREs 10-12 
Shell of medium size, helicoid. The nuclear whorls and first post- 
nuclear turn pale, the succeeding turns chestnut-brown, gradually 


becoming paler on the last whorl. Base a little paler than the spire. 
Aperture soiled white with a brownish tinge. The nucleus consists 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 91 


of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. Postnuclear whorls well 
rounded; the first is marked by slender, decidedly retractively curved, 
rather closely spaced axial riblets, which are fairly strong. The 
succeeding turns also have axial riblets, which are less regular, and 
quite irregular on the last whorl, where they are almost lamellose. 
In addition to this, beginning with the second postnuclear whorls, 
there are strong, decidedly retractively slanting ridges that do not 
extend on the posterior fourth of the turns. These ridges are not 
quite so wide as the spaces that separate them, and they become 
obsolete on the last third of the last whorl, where they are replaced 
by less strong irregular nodulations. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, the 
umbilicus bounded by. a strong keel, which is inpinched on both 
sides. The base is marked on the early portion of the last turn by 
oblique, retractively slanting ridges, which are replaced on the last 
half of the turn by irregular wrinkles. The umbilical wall is marked 
by riblets and fine lines of growth. Aperture circular, oblique, 
slightly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle. Peristome 
thin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535967, is one of a series of specimens 
collected by Orcutt at Balaclava, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. It has 
4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 14.0 mm.; greater diameter, 19.8 
mm.; lesser diameter, 15.2 mm. 

A host of specimens before me appear to confine this species to 
the Cockpit region of northern St. Elizabeth Parish. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS CLAPPI, new species 


PLATE 14, Ficures 19-21 


Shell very large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostra- 
cum. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well-rounded smooth turns. The 
postnuclear whorls are well rounded, the early ones separated by a 
well-marked suture, and the later ones appressed at the summit. 
The first 1.5 nuclear whorls are marked by slender, slightly retract- 
ively curved axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. Beyond this the nodular ridges gradually make their 
appearance. These are rather irregular, that is they begin at the 
summit as retractive elements, then near the middle of the whorl bend 
forward into protractive ridges, thus producing a somewhat arrow- 
pointed cone-in-cone effect. This arrangement disappears on the 
last half of the last turn, where the nodulations become irregular 
and quite obsolete. On the last fourth of the last whorl, spiral 
threads make their appearance. The last whorl is strongly con- 
stricted below the summit, which causes the posterior portion to 
appear decidedly appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery well 


92 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a strong keel, 
which is not only pinched in on the umbilical side, but appears even 
excavated at this place. On the outside of the keel there is also a 
depression and here we find strongly developed pits and nodules 
which extend over the anterior half of the base. The umbilical 
wall is marked by somewhat irregular riblets and lines of growth. 
Aperture circular, strongly protracted and angulated at the posterior 
angle; outer lip of the peristome thin; the inner somewhat thickened. 
The operculum differs from the typical ptychocochlid in having the 
outward reflected portion of the whorls not quite touching that of the 
expanded inner portion of the succeeding turn, thus leaving a slight 
channel between the two in some of the turns. 

The type is one of C. B. Adams’ complex of Cyclostoma varians. 
It is part of his No. 7 and is labeled Portland, Jamaica, Agnes Hines, 
collector. 

The type is in the Amherst College collection. It has 5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 22.8 mm.; greater diameter, 31.4 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 23.0 mm. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS SENEX, new species 


PLATE 14, Figures 22-24 


This is the largest of the known Jamaican cyclophorids. It has a 
helicoid shell. The specimen is without periostracum. The nucleus 
consists of a little more than one turn, which is well rounded and 
smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the first 2.5 are 
marked by slender, slightly retractively curved, hairlike axial rib- 
lets, which are not quite so wide as the spaces that separate them. 
These are followed by a turn in which very strong, retractively 
curved ridges are present. On the first half of the last whorl these 
ridges assume an arrowpoint arrangement, a cone-in-cone type, in 
which the point of the arrow is almost on the middle of the whorl. 
On the last half of the last whorl this arrangement becomes obsolete 
and the shell is marked by strong incremental lines and nodulations 
near the summit, the senescent last portion appearing strongly den- 
ticulated. The suture of the early whorls is well impressed, while 
on the last turn the summit of the whorls becomes appressed to the 
preceding turn, and materially creeps up on this. Periphery well 
rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated with a strong, 
heavily nodulose keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. 
From this keel there radiates toward the middle of the base a series 
of heavy ridges which are separated by spaces about as wide as the 
ridges. These ridges have a protractive slant. They become obso- 
lete on the last fifth of the last whorl. The umbilical wall is marked 
by coarse ribs, which bear finer hairlike incremental lines. Aper- 


THB CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 93 


ture subcircular, oblique, protracted to form an angle at the posterior 
angle; peristome moderately thickened all around. Operculum 
unknown. 

The unique type is in the C. B. Adams collection. It measures: 
Height, 22.4 mm.; greater diameter, 33.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 26.2 
mm. It was with Adams’ No. 7 of Cyclostoma varians collected by 
Agnes Hines in Portland Parish, Jamaica. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS CORRUGATA (Menke) 
PuLaAtTe 14, FicuREs 7-9 


1795. Turbo jamaicensis CHEMNITZ, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 
11, p. 277, pl. 209, figs. 2057, 2058 (nonbinomial). 

1830. Cyclostoma corrugatum MENKE (=—Turbo jamaicensis Chemnitz), Synopsis 
methodica Molluscorum, p. 39. 

1857. Cyclotus portlandensis CuirtTy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 147. 


Shell moderately large, helicoid, chestnut-brown, a little paler on 
the last whorl, which tends toward buff. The appressed summit of 
the whorls is also a little paler than the rest of the shell. There is 
a broad dark band at the periphery, while the anterior portion of 
the base and the umbilicus are flesh colored with a yellowish tinge, 
which is also the color of the interior of the aperture. The nucleus 
consists of a little more than a turn, which is well rounded and 
smooth. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the first one 
and three-quarters are marked by slender, decidedly elevated, and 
rather distantly spaced, slightly protractively slanting axial riblets. 
Following this, wrinkles make their appearance. These are arranged 
in a somewhat arrow-shaped pattern extending retractively over a 
third of the distance between the summit and the periphery, then 
bending abruptly protractively toward the periphery. These ridges 
are about as wide as the spaces that separate them and fade out at 
the summit, which is appressed to the preceding turn as a ridge. 
On the last third of the last turn these ridges become decidedly 
irregular and gradually fade out. On the last turn there is a strong 
depression a little distance below the summit. On all these ridged 
whorls the fine axial riblets are well developed, but are rendered 
irregular and wavy as they cross the nodules of the ridges. On 
the first two turns the suture is strongly impressed ; on the succeeding 
turn it is rendered less conspicuous by the appression of the summit 
of the whorls to the preceding turn. Periphery well rounded. Base 
strongly rounded, openly umbilicated, with a very pronounced keel 
marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. This keel is separated 
from the umbilical wall by a deeply impressed groove. On the out- 
side it is less strongly differentiated. The posterior half of the base 
is more or less smooth, while the anterior portion is marked by pro- 

428349497 


94 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


tractively curved, strong ridges separated by spaces as wide as the 
ridges. There are also deep pits at the umbilical keel, which are 
more or less regularly disposed. The umbilical keel is rendered 
rough by the incremental elements and the umbilical wall is marked 
by rough axial riblets and lines of growth. Aperture circular, 
oblique, decidedly protracted and angulated at the posterior angle; 
outer lip thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically 
ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 253665, from 
Port Antonio, Portland Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and 
measures: Height, 17.7 mm.; greater diameter, 25.2 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 18.7 mm. 

A large series of specimens before me all come from the north coast 
of Portland, ranging from Port Antonio westward. 

I have been unable to differentiate Chitty’s Cyclotus portlandensis, 
even subspecifically, from this species. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS ADAMSI, new species 
PLATE 14, FiaurES 4-6 


Shell rather large, helicoid, the upper surface chestnut-brown; the 
lower, paler. Interior of aperture soiled white. The nucleus consists 
of 1.5 well-rounded smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are marked 
by rather weak somewhat retractively curved axial riblets, which are 
rather distantly spaced. Beginning with the third postnuclear whorl, 
weak nodules make their appearance, which extend from the appressed 
summit to the periphery in a protractive, decidedly oblique slope. This 
type of sculpture extends over only about half a turn, after which the 
nodulation becomes irregularly disposed and practically disappears on 
the last third of the last turn. The suture of the early whorls is very 
strongly impressed. On the last 1.5 turns the summit of the turns be- 
comes decidedly appressed and projects over the preceding turn so as 
to form a strong ridge, which renders the suture less conspicuous. On 
the last whorl there is a decided groove below this appressed portion. 
Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly umbilicated, 
with a very strong keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. This 
keel is separated by a decidedly impressed groove anteriorly. Posterior 
to the keel more or less regularly disposed deep pits are present, while 
the spaces between them extend as oblique short cords toward the 
periphery; they do not, however, reach the middle of the base. The 
umbilical wall is marked by coarse riblets and lines of growth. Aper- 
ture circular, oblique, protracted into a decided angle at the posterior 
angle, where it joins the preceding turn as a slight shelf; peristome 
thin on the outer lip, somewhat thickened on the inner. The oper- 
culum is not quite typically ptychocochlid, the outer projection of the 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 95 


expanded summit falling short of reaching the succeeding turns in 
spots. 

The type, from Portland Parish, Jamaica, is one of the C. B. Adams 
collection at Amherst College. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 
19.0 mm. ; greater diameter, 27.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.7 mm. 

This species resembles quite closely P. corrugata (Menke) but is 
easily differentiated by its much less strongly developed sculpture and 
the difference in the operculum noted. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS SIMPSONI, new species 
PLATE 14, Ficures 16-18 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, chestnut-brown with the cord at the 
summit of the last whorl buff. The nucleus consists of a little more 
than a single low, rounded, smooth whorl. The postnuclear whorls 
are inflated and strongly rounded; the first one is marked by very 
slender, slightly retractively curved, weak axial riblets. The second 
postnuclear whorl shows the beginning of oblique protractive wrinkles 
which do not quite extend to the summit. This sculpture continues to 
the last half of the last turn, where it becomes irregular. The entire 
surface is also marked by incremental lines of more or less irregular 
strength. Suture strongly impressed on the early whorls, rendered 
less conspicuous on the last turn by the appressed summit. Periphery 
well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated and marked with a mod- 
erately strong cord at the outer edge of the umbilicus and a series of 
feeble protractively slanting ridges adjacent to the umbilical cord, 
which are separated by spaces about as wide as the ridges. The rest 
of the base shows an indication of incised spiral lines. The umbilical 
wall is marked by rather coarse incremental lines. Aperture circular, 
large, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer lip 
thin, the inner thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535968, was collected by Henderson and 
Simpson at Bog Walk, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.8 
whorls and measures: Height, 15.3 mm.; greater diameter, 21.3 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 15.5 mm. 

Its smaller size and feebler sculpture will differentiate this species 
from both P. corrugata (Menke) and P. adamsi. The species seems 
to be confined to the region of Bog Walk. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS MARTENSI (Kobelt) 
Puate 14, Fiaures 1-3; PLATE 42, FicuRres 8-10 


1912. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) martensi Kosett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchy- 
lien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 948, pl. 141, figs. 2-4. 

Shell large, helicoid, chestnut-brown ; interior of the aperture chest- 

nut-brown. The nucleus consists of about one well-rounded smooth 


96 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


turn. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded; the first is 
marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about 
half as wide as the spaces that separate them. Axial riblets also 
cover the rest of the whorls, but beyond the first turn they become 
less regular and tend more toward the formation of slender lamellae. 
Beginning with the second postnuclear whorl, oblique ridges make 
their appearance. These ridges are decidedly protractively curved, 
and are a little narrower than the spaces that separate them. They 
are strongest on the early turns and gradually fade and disappear on 
the middle of the spire, after which they are replaced by irregular, 
low wrinklings and nodulations, as well as malleations. Suture 
strongly impressed, except on the last turn, which is appressed to the 
preceding whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, 
openly umbilicated, with a strongly elevated keel marking the outer 
edge of the umbilicus. This keel is decidedly notched and roughened, 
and separated from the umbilical wall by a strong groove. On the 
outside it is also separated by a groove, but here the groove is weaker 
than that on the umbilical side. The rest of the base is marked by 
obsolete spiral lines and indications of malleations, as well as strong 
incremental lines. The umbilical wall is marked by numerous in- 
cremental lines, which tend toward the formation of riblets. Aper- 
ture circular, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer 
lip of the peristome thin; inner, somewhat thickened. Operculum 
typically ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356092, was collected by John 
B. Henderson at Holly Mount, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has 
5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.4 mm.; greater diameter, 28.6 
mm.; lesser diameter, 21.0 mm. 

The species has a rather wide distribution through the northern 
part of theisland. It ranges through Trelawny and St. Ann Parishes 
and the northeastern part of St. Catherine Parish. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS HENDERSONI, new species 
PLATE 15, FIGuRES 7-9 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. The denuded specimen 
white. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. 
The postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded; the first 
is marked by slender, feeble axial riblets; the succeeding turns in 
addition to the axial riblets are marked by protractively curved 
ridges, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them and 
which do not extend on the anterior fourth of the turns. These 
ridges extend fairly strongly to the very end of the last whorl. 
Suture strongly impressed on all but the last turn, which is appressed 
to the preceding whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 97 


openly umbilicated. The outer edge of the umbilicus is bounded by 
a weak keel. ‘The base is marked by rather strong incremental lines 
and a series of oblique pits, which are not profound at the outer edge 
of the umbilical keel. The umbilical wall is marked by low, rather 
broad axial riblets and incremental lines. Aperture circular, oblique, 
protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; peristome slightly 
thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535969, was collected between Fort Au- 
gusta and Port Henderson in St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has 
4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 11.3 mm.; greater diameter, 17.1 
mm.; lesser diameter, 13.2 mm. 

Two additional specimens from the same locality are a trifle larger. 

This species is nearest related to P. martanna, from which it can 
readily be separated by its broader umbilicus. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS MARIANNA, new species 


PLATE 15, FicuREs 1-3 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, chestnut-brown, a trifle paler on 
the underside. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth 
turn. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded; the first is 
marked by slender, retractively slanting, hairlike axial riblets, which 
are as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the succeeding 
turns these riblets become decidedly intensified and irregular as they 
cross the ridges, nodulations, and pits. Beginning with the second 
postnuclear whorl, oblique protractively slanting wrinkles make their 
appearance. These ridges are separated by spaces not quite so wide 
as the wrinkles. This sculpture continues to the last half of the 
last turn, beyond which the wrinkles become irregularly disposed 
and also decidedly irregular in size. Toward the end of this whorl 
they become almost obsolete. Suture strongly impressed on the 
early whorls, adnate on the last whorl. Periphery well rounded. 
Base well-rounded, narrowly umblicated, the umbilicus provided with 
a strong keel at its outer limit. A deeply impressed groove sepa- 
rates the keel from the umbilical wall. The keel is rendered de- 
cidedly rough by the incremental elements. The base is marked by 
scarcely perceptible indications of nodules. It also gives one the 
impression of having obsolete spiral threads. The umbilical wall 
is marked by moderately strong incremental lines. Aperture cir- 
cular, decidedly oblique, protracted into an angle at the posterior 
angle; peristome thin. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535970, was collected by Henderson at 
Roaring River Falls, Ocho Rios, St. Ann Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 
whorls and measures: Height, 17.0 mm.; greater diameter, 21.2 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 16.3 mm. 


98 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The species appears to be confined to the north coast of St. Ann 
and St. Mary Parishes. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS LACTEOFLUVIALIS (Pilsbry and Brown) 
PLATE 15, FIGURES 46 


1910. Aperostoma (Ptychocochlis) lacteofluviale Prtspry and Brown, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, p. 534. 


Shell rather small, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown perios- 
tracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. 
Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded; the first marked with 
mere protractively slanting incremental lines; the rest also show 
incremental lines, which gradually increase in size, and form on 
the last turn more or less sinuous, almost hairlike riblets. Beginning 
with the second postnuclear whorl, weak, protractively slanting axial 
wrinkles make their appearance, which do not extend to the pos- 
terior third of the whorls and are best emphasized on the middle. 
These wrinkles are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. 
The wrinkles disappear on the last whorl, where indications of 
spiral obsolete threads make their appearance. Suture very strongly 
impressed on all but the last half of the last whorl, which is adnate. 
Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly 
umbilicated, with a weakly developed cord marking the outer limit 
of the umbilicus. The base has scarcely any indications of obsolete 
nodules, but is marked by feeble spiral cords and incremental lines. 
The umbilical wall is marked by rather coarse riblets and incremental 
lines. Aperture decidedly oblique, strongly protracted to form an 
angle at the posterior angle. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356037, is one of a series of 
specimens collected by C. B. Taylor at Round Hill, Milk River, Claren- 
don Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 12.5 
mm.; greater diameter, 16.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm. 

The species seems to be confined to the Milk River region of south- 
western Clarendon Parish. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS SAVANNENSIS, new species 
PLATE 15, Fieures 13-15 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a pale 
chestnut-brown periostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well- 
rounded, smooth whorl. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and 
strongly rounded; the first is marked by slender, closely spaced, hair- 
like, retractively slanting axial riblets. The second postnuclear 
whorl, in addition to slender riblike incremental lines, is marked by 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 99 


almost vertical axial ridges, which are separated by spaces about 
twice as wide as the ridges. Beginning with the third postnuclear 
whorl, the ridges assume a protractively slanting position. Here 
they do not reach to the summit but terminate at the anterior third 
between summit and suture. These ridges here are not quite so wide 
as the spaces that separate them. On the last whorl they again dis- 
appear and the whorl is marked by irregular nodules, which become 
decidedly enfeebled on the last portion of this turn. Suture strongly 
impressed on all but the last turn, which is adnate to the preceding 
whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly, 
rather narrowly umbilicated and provided with a rather strong keel 
at the outer limit of the umbilicus. The base is marked by lines of 
growth and scarcely any indications of nodulations. The umbilical 
wall is marked by rather rough lines of growth. Aperture circular, 
protracted into an angle at the posterior angle. Operculum typically 
ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356025, is one of a large series of speci- 
mens collected by Henderson at Savanna la Mar, Westmoreland 
Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.0 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 20.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 14.5 mm. 

This species is confined to the region about Savanna la Mar, that 
is, the southern side of central Westmoreland Parish. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS ORCUTTI, new species 


PLATE 15, FIGuRES 27-29 


Shell large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum, 
sometimes with a light zone near the summit and the periphery. 
When the periostracum is removed there is a pinkish tinge to the 
shell substance of the last whorl. The nucleus consists of 1.5 well- 
rounded, smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and 
strongly rounded; the first is marked by feeble, slightly retractively 
slanting, hairlike riblets, which are not so wide as the spaces that 
separate them. Beginning with the second postnuclear whorls, weak, 
oblique, low, protractively slanting ridges make their appearance, 
which do not reach the anterior fourth between summit and suture. 
These disappear shortly after the last whorl is reached, where they 
are replaced by feeble, irregular nodules, which become obsolete on 
the last part of the last turn. Suture moderately strongly impressed 
on the early whorls; the last has the summit appressed, which char- 
acteristic renders the sutrure less conspicuous. Periphery well 
rounded. Base somewhat inflated, well rounded, openly, moder- 
ately broadly umbilicated. The umbilicus is bounded on the out- 
side by a cord, which is rendered rough by the incremental lines. 


100 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The base is marked by incremental lines and appears free from nodu- 
lations. The umbilical wall is marked by coarse, irregular riblets 
and lines of growth. Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, with a 
strongly protracted angle at the posterior angle; outer lip thin; 
the inner, thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 395588, was collected by Orcutt at Arntully 
Estate on Stony Valley River, at an elevation of 3,000 feet in St. 
Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 
20.1 mm.; greater diameter, 26.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.0 mm. 

The species appears to range through the southern slope of the Blue 
Mountains in St. Thomas Parish, 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS MINOR (Chitty) 
PLATE 15, Fiaures 10-12 
1857. Cyclotus corrugatior minor Curtry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol, 25, p. 150. 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a pale brown 
periostracum. The nucleus consists of a little more than a smooth 
rounded whorl. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and well rounded ; 
the first is marked by slender, very poorly developed axial riblets. Be- 
ginning with the second, these axial riblets form wrinkles, which do 
not extend to the summit of the whorls but are decidedly obliquely 
protractively slanting on the posterior half of the whorl, and then 
bend at an equal angle, retractively, toward the suture, that is, form- 
ing an arrow-shaped angle, producing a cone-in-cone effect. The 
spaces that separate these wrinkles are not quite so wide as the wrinkles. 
This sculpture disappears on the last whorl, where irregularly de- 
veloped and distributed nodules replace it. Suture well impressed on 
the early whorls; on the last whorl the summit is appressed and the 
suture becomes less conspicuous. Periphery well-rounded. Base well 
rounded, rather narrowly umbilicated, with a strong keel marking the 
outer edge of the umbilicus, which is decidedly pinched in at its inner 
margin. The outside of the umbilical keel is rendered notched by the 
irregularly developed incremental lines. The rest of the base is 
marked by obsolete spiral threads. The umbilical wall bears rather 
coarse, closely spaced riblets. Aperture subcircular, oblique, de- 
cidedly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer lip thin, 
inner lip somewhat thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 128016, comes from Mandeville, 
Manchester Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 12.5mm.; greater diameter, 17.8 mm. ; lesser diameter, 13.3 mm. 

This species appears to range through southwestern Manchester 
Parish and southeastern St. Elizabeth Parish. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 101 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS MAGNA (Chitty) 
PLATE 15, Figures 30-32 


1857. Cyclotus corrugatior magna CHITTY, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 150. 
1912. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) varians knobbei Kosett, Martini-Chemnitz 
Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 944, pl. 141, figs. 13-14. 

Shell rather large, helicoid, pale brown with a rosy flush; interior 
of the aperture pale brown. The nucleus consists of a single well- 
rounded, smooth turn. The postnuclear whorls are decidedly in- 
flated, strongly rounded; the first is marked by slender, hairlike, 
slightly retractively curved axial riblets. From there on oblique, re- 
tractively slanting ridges make their appearance. These ridges extend 
from near the summit to about the middle of the whorl; they then 
suddenly change to a decidedly oblique protracted slant, thus produc- 
ing a series of more or less regular cone-in-cone shaped areas. On the 
last whorl this sculpture is replaced by rather irregular wrinkling on 
its first half, while the last half lacks nodulations. Suture strongly 
unpressed except on the last whorl, which is appressed to the preceding 
turn. Periphery strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, with 
a strong keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. The base, as 
well as the last part of the upper surface, shows weak spiral threads. 
The umbilical wall is marked by rather coarse riblets and incremental 
lines. Aperture circular, angulated at the posterior angle; outer lip 
thin, the inner lip thicker. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535971, is one of three in our 
collection labeled “Jamaica,” without specific locality. It has 5 whorls 
and measures: Height, 21.0 mm.; greater diameter, 23.9 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 18.4 mm. 

P. magna is easily distinguished from the other members of the 
genus by its extremely elevated outline. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS MONTEGOENSIS, new species 


PLATE 15, Ficures 33-35 


Shell moderately large, depressed-helicoid, chestnut-brown. Early 
whorls with a rosy flush. The nucleus consists of a little more than a 
single whorl, which is well rounded and smooth. The postnuclear 
whorls are inflated, well rounded; the first half of the first postnuclear 
whorl is marked by slender, slightly retractively curved axial riblets; 
the second half shows the beginning of decidedly protractively curved 
wrinkles, which do not quite extend to the summit, and which are about 
as wide as the spaces that separate them. On the penultimate whorl 
these wrinkles take a retractive slant on the posterior portion of the 
whorl, then bend strongly into a protractive position, thus forming 
arrow-points that give to the sculpture of this whorl a cone-in-cone 


102 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


shaped effect. On the last whorl the sculpture becomes irregular and 
on the last half of the last turn quite obsolete. Suture strongly im- 
pressed on the early turns; on the last whorl the summit of the turn is 
appressed to the preceding turn and the suture is less conspicuous. 
Periphery strongly rounded. Base moderately broadly umbilicated, 
with a strong keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. This keel 
is strongly inpinched on the umbilical margin and less so on the basal 
margin. It is rendered rough by the incremental lines. The base does 
not have pronounced tubercles but merely here and there an indication 
thereof. The umbilical wall is marked with moderately strong riblets 
and incremental lines. Aperture circular, the posterior angle pro- 
tracted into an angulation; outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner 
slightly thickened. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535972, was collected by Henderson at Mon- 
tego Bay, St. James Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.7 whorls and measures: 
Height, 15.7 mm.; greater diameter, 21.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 16.2 mm. 

The species seems to be confined to the region about Montego Bay, 
where it appears to be rather abundant. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS VENDREYSI, new species 


PLATE 15, FicuRES 36-38 


Shell rather large, dark chestnut-brown, with a little paler zone 
at the suture and a rosy tinge on the early whorls. The interior of the 
shell is bright chestnut-brown with a reddish tinge, the edge of the 
peristome being a little paler. The nucleus consists of a little more 
than a single turn, which is well rounded and smooth. The post- 
nuclear whorls are inflated and well rounded; the first turn is marked 
by slender, retractively curved axial riblets; the next, in addition to 
the axial riblets, which become almost lamellose on the succeeding 
turns, is marked by decidedly protractively curved, low, weakly devel- 
oped ridges which are separated by equally inconspicuous impressions. 
On the remaining turns this sculpture becomes obsolete and the surface 
is merely rendered slightly rough by a few pits and weak nodules. 
The last portion of the upper surface of the last whorl bears indica- 
tions of poorly developed spiral threads. Suture of the early whorls 
well impressed; the last whorl has the summit appressed and the 
suture thereof not so strongly emphasized. Periphery well rounded. 
Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a strong keel at the outer 
edge of the umbilicus, which is strongly inpinched on its umbilical 
margin and feebly impressed on the outer edge. The base, in addi- 
tion to incremental lines, has some indications of spiral threads and 
an occasional little nodule. The umbilical wall is marked with axial 
riblets and incremental lines. Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 103 


with the posterior angle produced into a decided angulation. Outer 
lip of the peristome thin, the inner lip somewhat thickened. Oper- 
culum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No 535978, is one collected by Orcutt at Worthy 
Park, 1 mile from Luidas Vale, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has 
4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 18.9 mm.; greater diameter, 25.7 
mm.; lesser diameter, 19.1 mm. 

The species appears to be confined to St. Catherine Parish, where 
it is rather widely distributed. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS SUBGLOBOSA, new species 


PLATE 15, FiauREs 16-18 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered with a dark chestnut-brown 
periostracum. There is an indication of a lighter zone at the appressed 
summit of the last whorl. The nucleus consists of 1.2 well-rounded, 
smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly 
rounded; the first is marked with fine, retractively slanting, closely 
spaced, hairlike riblets, which become somewhat strengthened on the 
succeeding turns and appear as low lamellae on the last whorl. Begin- 
ning with the second postnuclear whorl, the upper side of the turns is 
marked with irregularly developed and disposed weak low nodulations, 
which lend to the surface a somewhat rough and malleated aspect. 
Suture strongly impressed except on the last whorl, the summit of 
which is appressed to the preceding turn, which causes the suture to be 
less pronounced. Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, well 
rounded, openly umbilicated with a strong broad rounded keel at the 
outer edge of the umbilicus. This keel is decidedly notched and has a 
number of not very deep, somewhat protractively, obliquely directed 
indentations outside of it. The rest of the base is slightly malleated 
and shows low obsolete spiral threads. The umbilical wall is marked 
by strong lines of growth. Aperture circular, protracted at the pos- 
terior angle into an angulation. Operculum typically ptychocochlid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 398910, is one of a series of specimens col- 
lected by Orcutt on the east side of Ferry River above Kingston on the 
Spanish Town road, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls 
and measures: Height, 15.7 mm.; greater diameter, 19.8 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 14.3 mm. 

The species ranges through St. Catherine and St. Ann Parishes. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS CAMPEACHYI (H. B. Baker) 


Shell small, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum ; 
interior of the aperture pale brown. The nucleus consists of about 1.2 
well-rounded, smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and 


104 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


strongly rounded. In one of the subspecies, P. ¢. petricola, the first 
nuclear whorl is marked by very coarse, distantly spaced axial ribs. 
In the typical race the axial riblets are fine and less strongly developed. 
The succeeding whorls are slightly malleated, almost smooth, and 
marked with lines of growth. Suture strongly impressed except on 
the last turn, which is appressed to the summit. Periphery well 
rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated with a limiting keel at the outer 
edge of the umbilicus. The rest of the base is marked like the upper 
surface of the last whorl, that is, it shows the lines of growth and 
obsolete malleations and indications of spiral threads. The umbilical 
wall is marked by incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, decidedly 
oblique, decidedly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; 
outer lip of the peristome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Oper- 
culum typically ptychocochlid. 
I am recognizing two subspecies : 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF PTYCHOCOCHLIS CAMPEACHYI 


Early postnuclear whorls strongly axially ribbed_------------------- petricola 
Early postnuclear whorls feebly axially ribbed_----------~----~------~ campeachyi 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS CAMPEACHYI PETRICOLA, new subspecies 
PLATE 15, Figures 22-24 


This subspecies appears confined to the southern part of St. Andrew 
Parish, Jamaica. It is differentiated from P. c. campeachyi (H. B. 
Baker) by having the first postnuclear whorl provided with strong 
axial ribs. It is also larger than that subspecies. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535947, comes from Stony Hill, St. Andrew 
Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 12.8 mm.; 
greater diameter, 16.6 mm. ; lesser diameter, 12.8 mm. 


PTYCHOCOCHLIS CAMPEACHYI CAMPEACHYI (H. B. Baker) 
PLATE 15, Figures 19-21 


1934. Poteria varians campeachyi H. B. Baxer, Nautilus, vol. 48, pp. 61-62, 
figs. 5, 19, 22. 

This is the smaller of the two subspecies, which ranges through the 
central portion of St. Catherine Parish. It is distinguished from P. c. 
petricola by its smaller size and weak axial ribs on the first postnuclear 
turn. 

The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 189611, was collected by 
Dr. H. B. Baker near Campeachy Gully Marsh on the northwest side 
of Port Henderson Hill, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.8 
whorls and measures: Height, 12.2 mm.; greater diameter, 15.2 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 105 
PTYCHOCOCHLIS SUBRUGOSA (Sowerby) 
Priate 15, FicuRES 25, 26 


1850. Cyclostoma subrugosum Sowexrsy, 'Thes. conechyliorum, vol. 1, Supplement. 
p. 161*, pl. 31B, figs. 308-309. 

1852. Cyclotus subrugosus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 28. 

1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) subrugosus Kopecr and MOLLENvorrF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139, reprint. 

Since I have not seen this species, I quote Sowerby’s description and 
reproduce his figures: 

“Shell suborbicular, depressed, slightly corrugated, white; spire 
depressed, obtuse, slightly prominent at the apex; volutions four, 
rounded, slightly depressed posteriorly; suture distinct, marked with 
a nearly obsolete line in front; aperture nearly circular; peritreme 
slightly thickened posteriorly, thin on the side of the umbilicus, sepa- 
rated from the last volution; umbilicus large, anteriorly keeled. 

“This species is related to C. corrugatum. 

“Jamaica.” 


Genus POTERIA Gray 


In 1850 Gray, in his “Nomenclature of Molluscus Animals and Shells 
in the Collection of the British Museum,” part 1, Cyclophoridae, page 
11, defines the name Poteria, which he had used in his “Synopsis of the 
Contents of the British Museum,” in 1840 and 1842, as a nude name, by 
stating, “whorls in front of the axis keeled. Peristome straight.” 
Here he cites two species without designating a type: 

27. CYCLOTUS LINEATUS [Gray]. 
Cyclostoma jamaicense Sow. Thes. Conch. i. 96. n. 15. t. 23. f. 12, 13., not 


Gray. 
Aper. jamaicense Pfeiff. 1. c. 104. n. 3. 


* * * * * * * 
28. CycLOTUS JAMAICENSIS [Gray]. 

Cyclost. corrugatum Menke, Cat. Malak. 10.; Sow. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, 30., 
Thes. Conch. i. 95. t. 23, f. 10, 11.; Pfeiffer, Kuster, Chemn. Conch. Cab. 
DTM, Sly AO te ey eel oy Aa 

Turbo jamaicensis Chemn. Conch. xi. t. 209. f. 2057, 2058. 

T. (Cyclostoma) jamaicensis Gray in Wood’s cat. Supp. t. 6. f. 3.; Lister, 
Conch. t. 55. f. 51.; Sloane, Jamaica, ii. t. 240. f. 84. 

Aper. corrugatum Pfeiff. 1. c. 104. n. 4. 

In other words, he lumps here about everything known from Jamaica 
at that time except what had been segregated to form his Cyclotus 
lineatus. 

Baker, in 1922, Nautilus, vol. 35, pages 14, 15, resurrected the forgot- 
ten name Poteria and designated Turbo jamaicensis (Chemnitz) Wood, 
1828, as type. This, unfortunately, still leaves some doubt about the 


106 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


actual type restriction for the genus, since 7urbo jamaicensis Chemnitz 

(nonbinominal), rechristened orthodoxly Cyclostoma corrugatum in 

1830 by Menke, is quite distinct from 7'urbo (Cyclostoma) jamaicensis 

Gray. 

Therefore, I now further restrict the type designation by selecting 
Turbo jamaicensis Gray (in Wood, Index testaceologicus, Suppl., p. 
18, pl. 6, fig. 3, 1828=Cyclostoma jamaicense, ibid., p. 36, same plate 
and figure) as type. The synonymy is as follows: 

1850. Poteria Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shells in the col- 
lection of the British Museum, pt. 1, Cyclophoridae, p. 11. (Type: Cyclostoma 
jamaicense Gray, in Wood.) 

1898. Plectocyclotus Kopett and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., 
vol. 28, p. 189 (reprint; not in original). Type by subsequent designation 
(Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 5383): Cyclostoma jamaicense 
Sowerby=Poteria (Poteria) lineata (Gray). 

The group is characterized by the possession of a rather heavy 
medium-sized shell, which has an umbilical bounding keel that varies 
in different species from very strong to obsolete. The shell may be 
strongly malleated or less so, or malleations may be absent. The oper- 
culum bears a strongly elevated spiral lamella, which is almost at right 
angles to the chondroid basal plate, and curves outward. The genus 
is confined to Jamaica, 

I am recognizing two subgenera, which the following key will help 
to differentiate : 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF POTERIA 


Space between the opercular lamella with retractively curved raised 


threadss ee ee Oe ee ee ee ee ee Poteria 
Space between the opercular lamella without retractively curved 
raised) threads222- 2 Se ee a a eee Cyclobakeria 


Subgenus PoTERIA Gray 
For synonymy see above. 


Poterias in which the broad spaces separating the turns of the la- 
mella are reenforced with retractively curved raised threads. 

Type: Turbo (Cyclostoma) jamaicensis Gray=Poteria (Poteria) 
jamaicensis (Gray). 

The radula of Poteria (Poteria) lineata (Gray) has the following 
formula 8:3:3:8, and the jaw lacks distinct median projections. 
The verge is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles. 
It is swollen basally and provided with a seminal groove and a very 
short simple appendage. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 107 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS POTERIA 


Upper surface of last whorl corrugated. 
Shell helicoid. 
Penultimate whorl with wrinkles. 


Wrinkles and pits COarse2= 22 == ae eee burringtoni 
Wrinkles and pits not coarse_—---__--_______--___-______ imitator 
Penultimate whorl with axial riblets only__-__----_--_-------- lineata 
Shell depressed-helicoid. 
Wimbilicalkeelwstnon Ges eee eae corrugatissima 
lWimbilical keeltobsoletens =e ee ees ee pallescens 
Upper surface of last whorl! not corrugated. 
Axialeriblecsealmost lamellae en eee jamaicensis 
Axial riblets not almost lamellar. 
Whorls' flattened near Summit=—-=-—__ = = plana 
Wihortlsnot fattenea: near summit = 2s. een eee crassa 


This key does not include Chitty’s Cyclotus nodosus, notatus, and 
inutilis, specimens of which I have not seen. I have copied Chitty’s 
descriptions and offer suggestions as to their relationship under 
each of these species. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) BURRINGTONI, new species 


Puate 16, Fiaurss 31-33 


Shell rather large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown perios- 
tracum. The nucleus consists of 1.5 inflated, well-rounded, smooth 
turns. The postnuclear whorls are inflated and strongly rounded; 
the first is marked by rather strong axial riblets, which are not quite 
so wide as the spaces that separate them. On the succeeding turns 
these axial riblets become somewhat weakened, irregular in strength 
and disposition. In comparison they are here narrower and more 
elevated. Beginning with the third whorl, strong axial wrinkles 
make their appearance. They are at first rather irregular, but on 
the first half of the last whorl they assume a decidedly obliquely 
slanting retractive form. These wrinkles render the upper surface 
decidedly rough. Suture well impressed, except that of the last turn, 
where the summit of the whorls is appressed to the preceding turn. 
Periphery well rounded and marked by the continuation of the 
oblique wrinkles described for the spire. These wrinkles also extend 
over the low rounded base to the umbilical keel. They become weak- 
ened toward the aperture. Base openly umbilicated, with a rounded 
keel marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. The umbilical wall 
bears rather strong axial ribs, which are crossed by incremental lines. 
These ribs look as if they might be the continuation of the oblique 
wrinkles. Aperture subcircular, oblique, decidedly protracted into 
an angle at the posterior angle; peristome somewhat sinuous; that of 
the outer lip thin, while that of the inner lip is somewhat thickened. 
Operculum typically poterid. 


108 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The type of this species, the only specimen known, was collected by 
Dr. H. B. Baker at Somerset, Manchester Parish, Jamaica, and bears 
the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences catalog number 174145. 
It has 5.2 whorls and measures: Height, 17.8 mm.; greater diameter, 
27.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.0 mm. 

This is by far the most roughly corrugated species of the Jamaican 
Poterias, having the largest and most distantly spaced wrinkles of all. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) IMITATOR, new species 


PLATE 16, Ficures 10-12 


Shell of medium size, unicolor or more frequently banded with a 
broad zone of dark chestnut brown above and below the periphery, 
the posterior half, the band at the periphery, and the base being 
brownish yellow. The nucleus consists of a single whorl, which is 
very small, almost flattened, and moderately well rounded. The first 
postnuclear turn is marked by fine, decidedly retractively curved axial 
riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. 
These riblets on the next turn become much increased in size. They 
are low, well rounded, and almost as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. On the succeeding turn the axial riblets are lost sight of by 
their conspicuous wrinkling and pitting. The wrinkles here branch 
and anastomose and form an irregular network of meshes enclosing 
well-impressed pits, which may be circular or elongate. The summit 
of the turns is decidely nodulose on the last whorl. On the early post- 
nuclear whorls the suture is well impressed. Periphery well rounded 
and marked by the pitting described for the spire. Base well rounded, 
broadly openly umbilicated with a decidedly elevated, almost lamellar 
keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. This keel is rendered 
rough by the incremental lines. The anterior third of the base between 
the periphery and the umbilical keel, that is the portion usually 
covered by a brown band, is smooth; the rest of the base is wrinkled 
like the spire, but here the wrinkles are finer and the pits enclosed 
between them a little deeper. The umbilical wall bears regular axial 
riblets and fine lines of growth. Aperture subcircular, somewhat 
oblique, decidedly protracted into an angle at the posterior angle and 
thickened at the umbilical keel; the outer lip of the peristome is 
thin, and the inner somewhat thickened. The operculum is typically 
poterid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535975, was collected by C. R. Orcutt at 
Bogue Hill, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.8 whorls and 
measures: Height, 16.9 mm.; greater diameter, 23.6 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 17.8 mm. 

This species occupies the northern part of St. Elizabeth Parish 
and the adjacent areas of Manchester Parish, 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 109 


At first glance one might consider this to be Aperostoma (Cycla- 
damsia) seminudum (C. B. Adams), as far as the general shape and 
color scheme are concerned, but it can at once be distinguished by 
its poterid operculum. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATA (Gray) 


Shell varying from helicoid to decidedly elevated helicoid in out- 
line, unicolor or banded; periostracum ranging from brownish buff 
to chestnut colored. The nucleus consists of 1.5 decidedly elevated, 
inflated, strongly rounded, smooth whorls. The first 2 postnuclear 
whorls are marked by slender, very regular, retractively curved axial 
riblets; beyond this the axial riblets become less regular and on the 
last whorl are mere elevated incremental lines. On the last whorl 
wrinkles make their appearance on the upper surface; they are of 
irregular size and irregularly disposed. Here, too, spiral threads 
are present. The suture of the early whorls is well impressed; on 
the last two the summit of the whorls is appressed to the preceding 
turn, and the suture becomes less conspicuous. Periphery well 
rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a strong keel 
marking the outer edge of the umbilicus. The base, also, is marked by 
irregular wrinkles, but here they assume a more spiral arrangement. 
The deepest pits are next to the umbilical keel. The umbilical wall 
is marked by low rounded axial ribs, which, as well as their inter- 
spaces, are crossed by incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, 
oblique, decidedly protracted into an angulation at the posterior 
angle; the outer lip of the peristome is thin, the inner, thickened, 
particularly so at the umbilical keel. Operculum typically poterid. 

I am recognizing two subspecies, which the following key and 
descriptions will help to differentiate : 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF POTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATA 


Hermht. more’ than! 20 mmUU ur 202) te see aa lineata 
Persntilessithanyt ¢ minister ee Der eee eee es See cycloata 


POTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATA LINEATA (Gray) 
PLATE 16, Ficures 34-36; PLATE 42, Figures 14, 15 


1843. Cyclostoma jamaicense SowrerBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 96, 
No. 15, pl. 23, fig. 12 (not Cyclostoma jamaicense Gray, 1828). 

1850. Cyclotus (Poteria) lineatus Gray, Nomenclature of the molluscous animals 
and shells in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, Cyclophoridae, 
Dina: 


This subspecies appears to be the most abundant race in Jamaica. 
It is rather widely distributed. We have specimens from Westmore- 


land, St. James, St. Elizabeth, Manchester, St. Ann, and Clarendon 
42834942 8 


110 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Parishes. Its larger size and more elevated form will readily dis- 
tinguish it from its more western relative. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 375939, was collected by Orcutt 
at Carisbrook, St. Elizabeth Parish. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 21.0 mm.; greater diameter, 26.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 
20.3 mm. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) LINEATA CYCLOATA (Chitty) 


PLATE 16, FiacurEs 7-9 


1857. Cyclotus cyclodtus Curtry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) cycloatus Kopett and MOLLENpDoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 1388, reprint. 


This subspecies appears to be confined to the southwestern part 
of Westmoreland Parish. It is distinguished from the typical P. 
(P.) l. lineata (Gray) in being smaller and less elevated, with a 
weaker umbilical keel, and in having the last whorl usually not so 
strongly appressed to the preceding turn. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356017, is one of a large series 
collected by Henderson at Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Parish, 
Jamaica. It has 5.2 whorls and measures: Height, 16.0 mm.; greater 
diameter, 23.1 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.3 mm. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) CORRUGATISSIMA (Chitty) 


PLATE 16, Figures 37-39 


1857. Cyclotus corrugatissimus Currry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 155. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) corrugatissimus KosBeLT and MOLLENDORFF, 
Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 1388, reprint. 


Shell large, very depressed-helicoid, covered by a chestnut-brown 
periostracum. The nucleus consists of a little more than one moder- 
ately rounded smooth whorl. The postnuclear whorls are strongly 
rounded, slightly flattened toward the summit. The first 2.5 are 
marked by strong, retractively curved axial riblets, which are sep- 
arated by spaces about 1.5 times as wide as the riblets. Beyond this 
wrinkles make their appearance. These consist of two series: Strong 
wrinkles, which extend from the summit toward the periphery, being 
strongest at the summit and fading ventrally, having a protractive 
slant; these are crossed by even more oblique, less strong wrinkles, 
which are decidedly retractively slanting, the combination forming a 
peculiar pattern. Suture strongly impressed on the early whorls, 
less conspicuous on the last, where the summit of the whorl is strongly 
appressed to the preceding turn. Periphery marked by the combina- 
tion of the sculpture described for the spire. Base moderately 
rounded, very widely openly umbilicated, with a strong keel marking 


THH CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCA 111 


the outer edge of the umbilicus. This keel on the first half of the last 
whorl consists of oblique, protractive strong short ridges, which on 
the last half disappear and give place to rough corrugations. Border- 
ing the basal keel, on the outside, is a series of deep pits. The rest 
of the base is marked by more or less continuous wrinkles, which have 
a slightly oblique trend, being almost spiral in disposition. The um- 
bilical wall is covered by strong axial ribs and fine incremental lines. 
Aperture subcircular, decidedly oblique, with a conspicuous pro- 
tracted angle at the posterior angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, 
the inner thickened, particularly so at the basal keel. Operculum 
typically poterid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 397856, was collected by Orcutt 
5 miles from Black River on the road to Newmarket, St. Elizabeth 
Parish, Jamaica. It has 5.25 whorls and measures: Height, 16.6 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 26 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.4 mm. 

The species appears to be restricted to southwestern St. Elizabeth 
Parish, although we have it also from one station in Westmoreland 
Parish, just across the border. In shape and in the sculpture of 
the upper surface P. (P.) corrugatissima resembles most nearly 
P. (P.) pailescens (C. B. Adams), from which it can readily be dis- 
tinguished by its much stronger basal keel and much stronger basal 
sculpture. 

POTERIA (POTERIA) PALLESCENS (C. B. Adams) 


PLATE 16, Fieures 28-30 


1851. Cyclostoma pallescens C. B. ApAms, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 
5, p. 59. 

1852. oti pallescens P¥rIrFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 27. 

1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) pallescens Koper and MOuLenporrr, Nachrb. 
deutschen Malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 

Shell large, decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorboid, cov- 
ered with a dark chestnut-brown periostracum. The nucleus consists 
of about 1.5 moderately elevated, well-rounded, smooth turns. The 
first postnuclear whorl is marked by weak, rather elevated axial rib- 
lets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. On 
the succeeding turn these axial riblets become less regular, and wrin- 
kles make their appearance on the upper surface. On the first part 
of the last turn these wrinkles have both a decidedly oblique 
protractive and retractive arrangement. On the last half of the 
last whorl they are more inclined toward a protractive arrange- 
ment. These wrinkles do not quite extend to the summit of the whorls 
but begin at the anterior termination of the anterior fourth between 
the summit and suture, the summit being marked by rough lines of 
growth only. Suture strongly impressed, even on the last whorl. 


112 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Periphery well rounded. Base very broadly openly umbilicated, with 
a very weak cord marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. The sculp- 
ture of the base between the periphery and this cord consists of 
obsolete wrinkles, which tend toward spiral disposition. The um- 
bilical area is marked by coarse ribs and fine incremental lines. Aper- 
ture subcircular, somewhat effused at the junction of the outer and 
basal lip, protracted into an angle at the posterior angle; outer 
lip thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically poterid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356125, was received from C. B. 
Adams, bearing the label “Jamaica” without definite locality. It 
has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 16.7 m..; greater diameter, 27.2 
mm.; lesser diameter, 19.8 mm. 

The species seems to be confined to northeastern St. Elizabeth Par- 
ish, Jamaica. In general shape it recalls P. (P.) corrugatissema 
(Chitty), but the coarseness of the wrinkles on the upper surface and 
their arrangement in a protractive and retractive series will at once 
distinguish it. It can also be differentiated from corrugatissima by 
the absence of the strong umbilical keel and in having the basal sculp- 
ture also much less strongly developed. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) JAMAICENSIS (Gray) 
PLATE 16, FicuREs 4-6 


1828. Cyclostoma jamaicense GRAY, in Wood, Index testaceologicus, ed. 2, Suppl., 
p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 3 (not Turbo jamaicensis Chemnitz, 1795, nonbinominal ; or 
Cyclostoma jamaicense Sowerby, 1843). 

1857. Cyclotus novussaltus Cuitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 154. 


Shell moderately large, helicoid, covered with an elevated brownish 
periostracum, which is rendered spotted by wearing of the axial riblets. 
The nucleus consists of a little more than a single well-rounded, mod- 
erately elevated turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by a strong 
retractively curved axial riblets, which assume the strength of low, 
appressed, retractively slanting Jamellae on the last turn. Suture well 
impressed on all but the last whorl, which is appressed to the preced- 
ing turn. Periphery well rounded, crossed by the axial ribs. Base 
somewhat inflated, well rounded, openly umbilicated, with a weak 
broad cord at the outer edge of the umbilicus. The base is marked by 
the continuation of the axial sculpture. The umbilical wall is marked 
by rather strong, distantly spaced axial ribs and fine incremental lines. 
Aperture circular, decidedly protracted at the posterior angle; peri- 
stome thin all around. Operculum typically poterid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356077, is one of three received 
from C. B. Adams. It has 5.2 whorls and measures: Height, 17.0 
mm.; greater diameter, 24.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.0 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 113 


The species appears confined to the southern coast of St. Elizabeth 
Parish, Jamaica. It is readily distinguished from the other non- 
corrugated Poterias by its strong lamellalike axial sculpture. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) PLANA, new species 


PLatTE 16, FIGURES 25-27 


Shell small, helicoid, covered with a pale-brown periotracum. The 
nucleus consists of a single, moderately elevated, well-rounded, smooth 
turn. The succeeding turns are marked by slender, retractively curved 
axial riblets, which are inclined to waviness on the last turn, where in- 
dications of spiral threads are present. The postnuclear whorls are 
flattened on the posterior fourth, anterior to the summit. Suture 
strongly impressed, a little less so on the last whorl. Periphery well 
rounded and marked by the continuation of the axial sculpture. Base 
well rounded, openly umbilicated, with an obsolete cord at the periph- 
ery. The base is marked by a continuation of the axial riblets and 
indications of obselete spiral threads. The umbilical wall bears 
slender riblets. Aperture circular, oblique; peristome thin. Oper- 
culum typically poterid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535976, was collected by Henderson at 
Montpelier, St. James Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 12.5 mm.; greater diameter, 19.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 
14.0 mm. 

The species appears to be rather widely distributed. The specimens 
before me come from Westmoreland, Hanover, St. James, St. Eliza- 
beth, and Trelawny Parishes. It resembles most nearly P. (P.) crassa 
(C. B. Adams), from which the flattening at the summit will readily 
distinguish it. 

POTERIA (POTERIA) CRASSA (C. B. Adams) 


PLATE 16, FicuREs 16-18 


1851. Cyclostoma crassum C. B. Apams, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 
5, p. 59. 

1852. Cyclotus crassus Preirrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 29. 

1855. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) crassus H. and A. ADAMS, The genera of recent 
Mollusea, vol. 2, p. 275. 

1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) crassus KoseLt and MOLLENDorFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 


Shell helicoid, small, brownish horn colored. The nucleus con- 
sists of a single well-rounded, rather elevated, smooth turn. The 
postnuclear whorls are marked by rather strong, retractively curved 
axial riblets, which are almost as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. These riblets become less strong and less regular on the 


114 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


last turn. Suture well impressed on all the whorls except the last 
part of the last whorl, which is appressed at the summit. Pe- 
riphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly umbilicated, 
with an obsolete cord at the outer edge of the umbilicus, marked 
by the weak continuation of the axial riblets, which also extend over 
the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular, decidedly protracted at 
the posterior angle into an angle; outer lip of the peristome thin, 
the inner lip somewhat thickened. Operculum typically poterid. 

We have figured Adams’ type, which is in the collection at Am- 
herst College. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 14.0 mm.; 
greater diameter, 19.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 14.9 mm., and is said to 
come from the interior of Manchester Parish, Jamaica. 

The specimen resembles P. (P.) plana but is easily distinguished 
from that by the absence of flattening at the summit. 

POTERIA (POTERIA) NODOSA (Chitty) 
1857. Cyclotus nodosus Cutty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 157. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) nodosus KoBetT and MO.LLENpDoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 188, reprint. 

I have not seen specimens referable to this species, so quote 
Chitty’s description. He says that it came from Maroon Town, St. 
James Parish, Jamaica. 

“Form, more depressed-conic. Colour, white, with light brown 
epidermis, brown at lip and on operculum. Sculpture, lines of 
growth, remarkably knotted corrugation on last whorl, pitted deep 
about umbilical keel, and coarse lines of growth within. Spire, 
depressed with rather straight outlines. Whorls, 54, well rounded, 
with deep suture. Aperture, rather oblique to the left below. Peri- 
treme, slightly sinuate above. Umbilicus, wide, greatest breadth 0.3 
[7.5 mm.], funnel-shaped. Umbilical keel, not wide, but well pro- 
duced. Ovperculum, small, strong, sharp-edged lamina of 5 or 6 
wide-apart whorls, rising almost equally from the flat plane, end 
of last thickened. Height 0.6 [15 mm.], greatest breadth 0.85 [21.25 
mm.], least breadth 0.67 [16.75 mm.].” 

This appears nearest to P. (P.) corrugatissima (Chitty), which 
occupies a range much to the south. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) NOTATA (Chitty) 


1857. Cyclotus notatus Cuitry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) notatus Kosetr and MOLLENDorFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 188, reprint. 
I have not seen specimens referable to this species, so quote Chitty’s 
description. He says it came from Trelawny, Jamaica. 
“Sculpture, fine and almost smooth, with a slight corrugation on 
the upper part of latter half of the last whorl, which is devoid of 


THB CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 115 


depression in its upper part. Umbilicus, greatest breadth 0.17 [4.25 
mm.], least breadth 0.16 [4.0 mm.]. Umbilical keel, almost obsolete. 
Operculum, character of C. corrugatus, more concave than preceding ; 
spiral lamina, about 8 whorls, upper margin scarcely reflected. 
Height 0.58 [14.5 mm.], greatest breadth 0.64 [16.0 mm.], least breadth 
0.56 [14.0 mm.].” 

This may be a small subglobular race of P. lineata (Gray), 
occupying a range to the northeast of the typical form. 


POTERIA (POTERIA) INUTILIS (Chitty) 


1857. Cyclotus inutilis Curry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 155. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) inutilis Kosetr and MO6tienporrr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 188, reprint. 

As I have not seen specimens referable to this species, I quote 
Chitty’s description : 

“Horm, much depressed-conic. Colour, light brown; apex red- 
brown. Sculpture, fine lines of growth on the 314 whorls, thence 
(for its size) roughly corrugated, except the last quarter of last 
whorl, where, above, lines of growth are strong, with slight pitting; 
lines of growth fine within the umbilicus. Spzre, much depressed, 
with convex outlines. Whorls, 4, well rounded, with very deep 
suture. Aperture, oblique from left to right below, dilated above 
and much expanded to the right, horizontally elliptical, 0.22 [5.5 
mm.], 0.2 [5.0 mm.] vertically. Peritreme, rather sinuate above, 
and detached from the penult whorl. Umbilicus, open and large, 
greatest breadth 0.14 [3.5 mm.]. Umbilical keel, well defined inside 
umbilicus. Operculum, of C. Jamaicensis type, concave exteriorly, 
with lamella of 5 whorls, like C. crassus. Height 0.31 [7.75 mm.], 
greatest breadth 0.46 [11.5 mm.], least breadth 0.35 [8.75 mm.]” 

This species seems to be allied to P. lineata, but because of its 
minute size it cannot be that species unless it should prove to be a 
dwarf of that form. 


CYCLOBAKERIA, new subgenus 


Poterias in which the spaces separating the turns of the lamella are 
not reenforced by raised threads. 

Type: Cyclotus novae-spet Chitty =Poteria (Cyclobakeria) novae- 
spet (Chitty). 

The distribution of this subgenus is peculiar, being confined to the 
two ends of the Island of Jamaica. Slight differences in the oper- 
culum of the species from the two regions may indicate that further 
division of this subgenus may be necessary. I am leaving the deter- 
mination of this to the anatomists who may study the group. 


116 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The radula of Poteria (Cyclobakeria) nana has the following for- 
mula: 8:3:3:38, and the jaw lacks distinct median projections. The 
verge is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles. It is 
swollen basally and provided with a seminal groove and a very shert 
simple terminal appendage. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLOBAKERIA 


Zigzag, sculpture: absent 2242) bb ee ee eee ee tryoniana 
Zigzag sculpture present. 
Zigzag sculpture on last whorl feeble. 
Zigzag sculpture on base pronounced___——----—~-~---_---_.-= novaespei 
Zigzag sculpture on base not pronounced_--------__--__-_--_- welchi 
Zigzag sculpture on last whorl not feeble. 
Basal keel strong. 
Last part of base outside of keel with protractively 
curved cords. 


Shell large, greater diameter more than 25 mm-_--___ magister 

Shell smaller, greater diameter less than 18 mm_-__--___ nana 
Last part of base outside of keel without protractively 

curved Cords. 42a Sie Sees eee dentistigmata 


Basal keel feeble. 
Lamella of operculum very broad, almost touching suc- 
ceeding whorlos222 = 2) 2s ee es ie ee chittyi 
Lamella of operculum not very broad, not touching suc- 
ceeding whorl. 


Whorls slightly concave below summit___---__---~-~- notatior 
Whorls not slightly concave below summit. 
Spire yhelicoide 2223 2 ee eee yallahsensis 
Spire depressed-helicoid_____--___--------_---- balnearis 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) TRYONIANA (Pilsbry and Brown) 


PLATE 16, FIGURES 22-24 


1910. Aperostoma (Ptychocochlis) tryonianum Pitspry and Brown, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, pp. 534-535. 


Shell small, helicoid, covered with a golden-brown periostracum. 
The nucleus consists of a little more than 1.5 well-rounded, smooth 
turns. The postnuclear whorls are marked by slender, retractively 
curved, well-raised, rather distantly spaced axial riblets. On the 
last turn these riblets become less regular in size and spacing. 
Suture strongly constricted in all the whorls. Periphery well 
rounded, base strongly rounded, moderately broadly openly umbili- 
cated, with a mere suggestion of a limiting keel at the outer edge of 
the umbilicus. The base and the umbilical wall are marked by the 
continuation of the axial riblets. Aperture circular, decidedly 
oblique, very slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome thin 
all around. Operculum typically cyclobakerid. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 117 


The unique type, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, No. 101141, is 
without specific locality, bearing merely the label “Jamaica.” It has 
4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 9.7 mm.; greater diameter, 14.0 
mm.; lesser diameter, 10.9 mm. 

This species is easily separated from all the other Cyclobakerias as 
it has none of the zigzag sculpture characterizing the group. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) NOVAESPEI (Chitty) 
PLATE 16, Ficures 138-15 


1857. Cyclotus novae-spei CuiTry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) novae-spei KoBELT and MOLLENDOoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 

Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered by a chestnut-brown perio- 
stracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. 
The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded; the first 2 
postnuclear whorls are marked by feeble, hairlike, slightly retrac- 
tively curved axial riblets. After this the axial riblets become less 
regular and wavy, owing to the additional sculpture. Beginning 
with the third postnuclear whorl irregular wrinkles make their 
appearance. These are most strongly emphasized near the suture 
and weakened toward the middle of the turn. There are also indica- 
tions of spiral threads and pits. The suture on all but the last whorl 
is strongly impressed; on the last it is rendered less conspicuous by 
the fact that the summit of this whorl creeps up materially on the 
preceding turn, to which it is appressed. Periphery well rounded. 
Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly, moderately broadly umbili- 
cated with a very strong lamellar keel at the outer limit of the um- 
bilicus. The space immediately below this keel, within the umbilicus, 
is strongly excavated, while on the outside there is a strong impres- 
sion. The base itself is marked by low zigzag wrinkles, which are 
strongest near the umbilical keel and fade toward the periphery. At 
the umbilical keel the spaces between these ridges are deeply im- 
pressed pits. The umbilical wall is marked by obsolete riblets and 
numerous hairlike incremental lines. Aperture circular, protracted 
into an angle at the posterior angle; the outer lip of the peris- 
tome thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically 
cyclobakerid. 

The specimen figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, No. 174154, is 
one of three collected by H. B. Baker at Negril Hills, southwest of 
Retreat, Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 16.2 mm.; greater diameter, 22.1 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 16.3 mm. 

The species is confined to the southwestern coastal region of 
Westmoreland Parish. 


118 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHI, new species 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown 
periostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth 
turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by slender, rather closely 
approximated, slightly retractively slanting, hairlike riblets, which 
become decidedly irregular on the last whorl. Beginning with the 
third whorl rough wrinkles make their appearance on the upper 
surface of the whorls. These are strongest near the summit and extend 
protractively slanting toward the periphery, which they do not quite 
reach. The spaces separating these ridges are almost as wide as the 
ridges. Suture well impressed on all but the last turn. Here the 
summit is appressed and renders the suture less conspicuous. Peri- 
phery well rounded. Base moderately broadly umbilicated, well- 
rounded, and provided with a strong keel at the outer edge of the 
umbilicus. On the umbilical side of this keel the shell is decidedly 
excavated. From the umbilical keel protractively curved ridges 
radiate toward the periphery. These are very pronounced in the 
typical race and feebly expressed in the subspecies P. (C.) welchi 
taylor. The posterior portion of the base is smooth, except for indi- 
cations of spiral lines. Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, pro- 
tracted into an angle at the posterior angle. Operculum typically 
cyclobakerid. 

I am recognizing two subspecies, which the following key and 
descriptions will help to differentiate : 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHI 


Pits outside: of umbilical (keelestrong ee ee eee welchi 
Pitsioutside of umbilical keel nottstron ge ess ee eee taylori 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHI WELCHI, new subspecies 


PLATE 16, Ficures 1-3 


The typical race was collected by Welch on Dolphin Mountain, 
Jamaica, at an altitude of 1,200-1,450 feet. This mountain is located 
in the central western portion of Westmoreland Parish. 

This subspecies differs from P. (C.) w. taylori in having the pits 
outside of the umbilical keel on the base very deep and the ridges 
bordering these very pronounced. Both of these characters are 
absent in taylor2. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535977, from Dolphin Mountain, Jamaica, 
has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 20.0 mm.; greater diameter, 
26.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.9 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 119 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) WELCHI TAYLORI, new subspecies 


PLAtr 17, Ficures 37-39 


This race was collected by C. B. Taylor and John B. Henderson 
in the Great Valley, Hanover Parish, Jamaica. It is easily differenti- 
ated from P. (C.) w. welchi by having the upper surface of the last 
whorl obsoletely nodulose on its anterior half, and by having the 
pits posterior to the umbilical keel very poorly indicated, and the 
radiating ridges bordering the pits almost absent. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535978, comes from Great Valley, Hanover 
Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 16.0 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 23.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.1 mm. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) MAGISTER, new name 
PLATE 17, Figures 4042 


1857. Cyclotus corrugatus Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 146 (not 
Cyclostoma corrugatum Menke, Synopsis methodica molluscorum, p. 39, 
1830). 

Shell very large, helicoid, wood brown, a little paler on the early 
whorls. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. 
The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked 
by retractively curved axial riblets, which grow stronger as the shell 
increases in size and less regular, owing to the nodulations. Begin- 
ning with the fourth whorl, oblique, protractively slanting axial 
cords make their appearance. These fade out toward the summit 
and assume a zigzag course anteriorly ; they become decidedly weaker 
on the last one-tenth of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed on 
all the whorls, except the last, which is decidedly appressed to the 
preceding turn, thus weakening the suture. Periphery well rounded, 
crossed by the axial protractive cords. Base inflated, strongly 
rounded, openly moderately broadly umblicated, with a strong keel at 
the outer edge of the umbilicus. The keel is strongly inpinched on 
the umbilical side and less so on the basal side. Radiating from the 
umbilical keel a series of strong cords about as wide as the spaces that 
separate them extends over the anterior fourth of the base and fades 
out toward its center. The posterior portion of the base shows the 
feeble continuation of the zigzag cords of the spire. The umbilical 
wall is marked by rough, closely spaced incremental threads. Aper- 
ture subcircular, protracted at the posterior angle into a decided 
point; outer lip thin, the inner thickened. Operculum typically 
cyclobakerid. 

The type is one of six specimens in the Amherst College collection, 
labeled No. 7, collected by Chitty in Portland Parish, Jamaica. It 


120 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 22.7 mm.; greater diameter, 31.0 
mm.; lesser diameter, 23.1 mm. 

The large size will readily distinguish this species from all the 
other known Cyclobakerias. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) NANA, new species 


PLATE 16, FiacurES 19-21 


Shell quite small, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown peri- 
ostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth 
turn. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and 
marked by slightly retractively slanting, closely spaced axial riblets, 
which at first are hairlike, and which on the last whorl become almost 
sublamellar. Beginning with the fourth whorl, protractive zigzag 
ridges make their appearance, which fade out toward the summit. 
The last whorl is decidedly appressed, and the portion that extends 
up on the preceding turn has a constriction bounding it which makes 
it appear cordlike. Suture strongly impressed, less so on the last 
turn on account of the appressed summit. Periphery well rounded 
and marked by the continuation of the zigzag cords. Base inflated, 
strongly rounded, rather narrowly umbilicated, and marked by strong 
protractive cords which are about as wide as the spaces that sepa- 
rate them and radiate from the umbilical keel toward the base. The 
posterior portion of the base is marked by the feeble continuation 
of the sculpture of the upper portion of the whorl. It also shows 
indications of spiral threads. The umbilical wall is marked by 
feeble riblets and numerous threadlike incremental lines. Aperture 
circular, oblique, decidedly protracted into an angle at the posterior 
angle; peristome of the outer lip protracted, thin; that of the inner 
lip somewhat thickened. Operculum typically cyclobakerid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535979, is one of a series collected by 
Orcutt at Cousins Cove, Hanover Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.5 whorls 
and measures: Height, 11.8 mm.; greater diameter, 17.0 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 12.6 mm. The species appears to be restricted to the north- 
west coast of Hanover Parish. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) DENTISTIGMATA (Chitty) 
PLATE 17, Figures 34-36; PLATE 42, Figures 1-3 


1857. Cyclotus dentistigmatus Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 25, p. 154. 
1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) dentistigmatus, KoBeLtr and MOLLENDORFF, 
Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown 
periostracum ; nuclear whorls scarlet red. ‘The nucleus consists of 1.5 
inflated, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are 


THB CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA Al 


inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by rather coarse axial riblets. 
In addition to this, beginning with the second whorl, rugations make 
their appearance, which gradually increase in size. These ridges are 
less pronounced on the summit and grow stronger toward the periph- 
ery. They have a zigzag protractive slant. Suture well impressed, a 
little less so on the last turn, which is appressed to the preceding 
whorl. Periphery well rounded, marked by the feeble continuation 
of the axial sculpture. Base strongly inflated, strongly rounded, 
with a strong keel marking the outer edge of the moderately large 
umbilicus. The inner edge of this keel is decidedly inpinched, while 
the outer is bounded by a series of deep pits which give the shell 
the appearance of having been bitten by pointed teeth, hence the 
name. The spaces between these pits form cords which are poorly 
developed, short, and protractively bent. These cords disappear on 
the last portion of the last turn. The posterior portion of the base 
is without nodules. The umbilical wall is marked by rather pro- 
nounced axial riblets. Aperture subcircular, decidedly oblique, pro- 
tracted into an angle at the posterior angle; the outer lip of the peri- 
stome is thin, the inner somewhat thickened. Operculum typically 
cyclobakerid. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 401305, is one of a very large 
series collected by C. R. Orcutt 214 miles east of Bath, St. Thomas 
Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 16.2 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 25.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.9 mm. 

The species appears to extend over the entire southeastern portion 
of St. Thomas Parish. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) CHITTYI, new species 
PLATE 17, FiaurEs 4-6 


Shell small, helicoid, chestnut-brown; nuclear whorls paler. The 
nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth turn. The post- 
nuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by hair- 
like, retractively slanting axial riblets, which increase in strength as 
the shell progresses in growth. Beginning with the third postnu- 
clear whorl feeble axial riblets make their appearance, which increase 
in strength up to the last two-tenths of the last whorl, when they 
again fade out. These axial cords are arranged in a more or less 
zigzag pattern. Below the summit of the last turn, particularly 
toward the aperture, there is a slightly concave area. The last part 
of the last turn is marked by slender spiral threads. Suture of all 
but the last whorl strongly impressed; on this it is rendered less 
conspicuous by the appressed summit of the last turn. Periphery 
well rounded. Base strongly inflated, well rounded, rather narrowly 
openly umbilicated, with a feeble cord marking the outer edge of the 


122 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


umbilicus. The base is marked by obsolete nodulations and pittings. 
The umbilical wall is marked by numerous, irregular incremental 
lines. Aperture subcircular, protracted into an acute angle at the 
posterior angle; outer lip of peristome thin, the inner somewhat 
thickened. The operculum has the outer edge of the lamella decidedly 
expanded, approximating that of the succeeding turn. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 378167, is one of a large series of almost 
all dead shells, collected by Orcutt at the western end of the Essing- 
ton Bridge, St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.6 whorls and 
measures: Height, 14.0 mm.; greater diameter, 20.0 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 15.2 mm. 

Charles R. Orcutt also collected specimens near Yallahs Bay, St. 
Thomas Parish. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) NOTATIOR (Chitty) 
PLATE 17, FicuREs 13-15 


1857. Cyclotus notatior Curry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 148. 
1299, Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) notatior Kosetr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 186. 

Shell of medium size, rather elevated helicoid, wood brown. The 
nucleus consists of a little more than a single low, rounded turn. The 
postnuclear whorls are decidedly inflated and marked by retractively 
curved, hairlike, closely spaced axial riblets, which become irregu- 
larly disposed on the nodulose whorls. Beginning with the fourtb 
postnuclear whorl, feeble nodulations make their appearance, which 
increase in size as the shell advances in growth. On the last whorl 
they assume first a retractive slant on the posterior portion near 
the summit, then they make a sudden protractive bend, but owing 
to the irregular development of these cords they have a zigzag ap- 
pearance. These cords are not quite so wide as the spaces that 
separate them. On the last two-tenths of the last whorl they again 
fade out. Suture strongly impressed on all but the last whorl, which 
is decidedly appressed to the preceding turn. There is an impressed 
area below this appressed portion which renders that part of the 
shell slightly concave. Periphery well rounded and marked by the 
feeble continuation of the axial sculpture. Base inflated, strongly 
rounded, very narrowly umbilicated, and marked with a weak keel 
at the outer edge of the umbilicus. The base is marked by incre- 
mental lines and obsolete spiral striations. The umbilical wall bears 
many slender axial riblets: Aperture subcircular, decidedly oblique 
and decidedly protracted at the posterior angle. Outer lip thin and 
sharp at the edge; inner lip somewhat thicker. Operculum typically 
cyclobakerid. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 123 


The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535980, is one of the Adams 
collection labeled “jamaicense Sowerby.” It has 4.5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 15 mm.; greater diameter, 20.8 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 16 mm. 

Chitty’s notatior came from St. Elizabeth Parish, J amaica. Our 
specimen appears to agree with Chitty’s diagnosis. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) YALLAHSENSIS, new species 
Puate 17, Ficures 16-18 
1857. Cyclotus notatior var. a Cuitty, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 25, p. 148. 


Shell very small, elevated helicoid, wood brown, with the nucleus 
pale buff, the succeeding turn pale chestnut-brown and the rest 
wood brown. ‘The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth 
turn; the succeeding turns are marked by feeble, slightly retractively 
curved, closely spaced hairlines, those of the last whorl being a little 
stronger. Beginning with the last whorl, feeble nodulose cords make 
their appearance. These cords are more or less protractively curved 
but irregularly developed so as to produce a zigzag effect. Suture 
well impressed, except on the last whorl, which is appressed to the 
preceding whorl. Periphery well rounded, marked by the feeble 
continuation of the sculpture of the spire. Base inflated, strongly 
rounded, narrowly umbilicated, with a weak cord marking the outer 
edge of the umbilicus. The base is marked by lines of growth and 
a few indications of spiral threads. The umbilical wall is marked 
by strong, closely spaced incremental lines. Aperture decidedly 
oblique, protracted at the posterior angle to form an angle; peristome 
rather thin. Operculum typically cyclobakerid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356093, comes from Yallahs River, St. 
Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 
11.0 mm.; greater diameter, 15.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. Dr. 
Welch also collected a large series at White Horses, St. Andrew 
Parish. 

This species can readily be distinguished from P. (C.) notatior 
(Chitty) by the absence of the depressed area below the summit. 


POTERIA (CYCLOBAKERIA) BALNEARIS, new species 
PLATE 17, Figures 7-9 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, covered with a dark wood-brown 
periostracum. The nucleus consists of a single well-rounded, smooth 
turn. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by 
retractively curved hairlike axial riblets. The last whorl also has 
feeble zigzag axial riblets, which do not come quite to the summit. 


124 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Suture well impressed, less so on the last half of the last turn, which 
is appressed to the summit. Periphery strongly rounded, marked by 
the feeble continuation of the axial riblets. Base inflated, strongly 
rounded, narrowly umbilicated with a weak cord marking the outer 
edge of the umbilicus. The base outside of the umbilicus shows a 
few weak pits outside of the basal cord and mere indications of obso- 
lete nodulations, which fade out toward the end of the last turn. 
The umbilical wall is marked by moderately strong incremental lines. 
Aperture circular, protracted into a slight angle at the posterior 


angle; peristome somewhat thickened all around. Operculum 


typically cyclobakerid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535981, was collected by Orcutt near Bath, 
St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica. It has lost part of the early turns; 
the 3 remaining measure: Height, 12.4 mm.; greater diameter, 16.6 
mm.; lesser diameter, 13.2 mm. 

The species seems to extend through the Morant Bay region, St. 
Thomas Parish. 


Genus APEROSTOMA Troschel 


1847. Aperostoma TroscHEL, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44. 

1847. Aperostoma PrerrrER, ibid., p. 47. (Type designation, Cyclostoma (Apero- 
stoma) blanchetianum Moricand. ) 

1850. Aperostoma Petit, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 1, p. 88 (C. giganteum Sowerby 
designated as type). 

1852. Aperostoma HERRMANNSEN, Indicis generum malacozoorum primordia, vol. 
2, Suppl., p. 10 (C. mexicanum Menke designated as type). 

Troschel (loc. cit.) in 1847 divided the cyclostomids into eight 
genera. On page 44 he created the genus Aperostoma and named 
three species under it, namely, Cyclostoma volvulus Lamarck, C. 
mexicanum Menke, and C. blanchetianum Moricand, without designat- 
ing a type. Pfeiffer, in the article following Troschel’s, discussed 
his own work on the group and commended Troschel’s endeavors, 
which he accepted as sound, but he said that genus 4, Aperostoma, 
contains heterogeneous elements, namely, some with calcareous oper- 
culum and some with horny. He restricted the name Aperostoma to 
shells with a calcareous operculum. He placed those with a horny 
operculum in Cyclophorus Montford, citing as type C. volvulus 
Miiller. 

This restriction of Aperostoma Troschel removes (@. volvulus 
Lamarck and C. mexicanum Menke from the genus and leaves only 
C. blanchetianwm Moricand, which becomes its type. 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF WEST INDIAN APEROSTOMA 


Umbilicusibounded by; alikeele se a ee ee Cycladamsia 
Umbilicus not bounded by a keel. 
SCulpeave .PULOSSH te sete Ee AE ae Se Yee ee eae Austrocyclotus 


Sculpture) mot (Tugosee eee ee Cyclohidalgoa 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 125 
CYCLADAMSIA, new subgenus 


Shells of this subgenus resemble Veocyclotus in shape and general 
sculpture of shell but differ in having a keel at the exterior limit of 
the umbilicus. Operculum covered on the outside with a thick cal- 
careous deposit, which forms a weak ridge on the inner edge of the 
whorls and tapers outwardly, its surface being obliquely striated. 

Type: Cyclostoma seminudum C. B. Adams = Aperostoma (Cycla- 
damsia) seminudum (C. B. Adams). 

The subgenus Cycladamsia appears confined to a strip of western 
Jamaica lying between longtitude 77°30’ and 78° W. and latitude 18° 
and 18°25’ N., except for two crab-carried specimens from Montego 
Bay, which is a little farther north. 

The radula of Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum seminudum 
(C. B. Adams) and A. (@.) seminudum scabratum have the formula 
3:3:38:3, and the jaw without median projection. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS CYCLADAMSIA 


Whorls strongly pitted or malleated. 
Last fourth of base of last whorl with regular oblique ridges. 


Oblique ridges extending from umbilical keel to periphery______ ruber 
Oblique ridges not extending from umbilical keel to periph- 
OV ook sed ee See eR en bairdianum 
Last fourth of base of last whorl without regular oblique ridges. 
Shell large, greater diameter more than 23 mm___________ seminudum 
Shell smaller, greater diameter less than 20 mm_______________ fossile 
Whorls not strongly pitted or malleated___________________.. rudisplanusque 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBER (Chitty) 


Shell helicoid. Nuclear whorls 1.3, small, well rounded, smooth; the 
first half postnuclear whorl with slender, retractively curved axial 
riblets, which are separted by spaces about as wide as the riblets. 
This stage is followed by a turn in which the axial sculpture becomes 
irregular and the ribs obsolete, then by a wrinkled and pitted stage 
that continues to the end of the last whorl. In the early portion of 
this stage the wrinkles are more or less regular and decidedly retrac- 
tively curved. They are not of uniform development, which condi- 
tion gives the spaces between the wrinkles a pitted aspect. The 
summit of the whorls is appressed; the suture is not impressed, 
Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, 
the umbilicus marked by a strong cord at its outer termination. 
The cord within the umbilicus is pinched in. The sculpture of the 
base consists of decidedly obliquely retractively curved cords, which 
are wavy and feebly nodulose, enclosing spaces of a little less width 
between them, which have a somewhat pitted aspect. The umbilical 

428349429 


126 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


wall is marked by strong, curved, rugose incremental ridges. Aper- 
ture oblique, subcircular and angled at the posterior angle; peristome 
slightly thickened on the outer and basal lip and somewhat emarginu- 
late on the parietal wall. Operculum typically cycladamsid. 

This species is nearest related to A. (C.) batrdianum (Chitty), 
from which it can be distinguished by the fact that the oblique 
ridges on the last whorl cross the periphery undiminished. In 
bairdianum they vanish on the base before reaching the periphery. 

I am recognizing two subspecies, which the following ‘key and 
descriptions will help to differentiate: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBER 


Shell large, greater diameter more than 21 mm___-----~-----~~-~-~------- ruber 
Shell smaller, greater diameter less than 18 mm_---_~------------- pretiosum 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBER RUBER (Chitty) 


PLATE 17, Ficures 31-33 


1857. Cyclotus ruber Curtry, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 25, p. 153. 


This subspecies has the early whorls pale brown; the part of the 
periostracum remaining is chestnut-brown. In denuded specimens 
the shell is flesh colored, with a pale brownish tinge and usually with 
several broad bands of dark brown, the periphery appearing as a 
lighter zone. 

This subspecies is distinguished from A. (@.) ruber pretiosum 
(Chitty) by its much larger size. 

Chitty cites Westmoreland as type locality. Westmoreland is the 
westernmost as well as one of the largest parishes of Jamaica. An 
absence of a definite locality makes it not unlikely that his shells 
came from the St. Elizabeth Parish border. The specimen figured, 
U.S.N.M. No. 535982, is from the C. B. Adams collection at Amherst 
and bears the label C. seminudum Adams var., St. Elizabeths Ja- 
maica, E. Chitty donor! This has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 
15.3 mm.; greater diameter, 22.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.1 mm. 

It must be remembered that Adams visited Chitty and obtained 
many specimens from him. Chitty did not venture to enter the de- 
scriptive field until after Adams’ death. We know that Chitty de- 
scribed material from New Hope, Westmoreland, which is near the 
southeastern border of Westmoreland. All the material that we 


have seen with definite locality comes from the region of Carisbrook, 
St. Elizabeth. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 127 
APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUBER PRETIOSUM (Chitty) 
PLATE 17, Ficures 25-27 
1857. Cyclotus pretiosus Cutty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 153. 


In type of sculpture this subspecies corresponds in every way with 
that of typical ruber. It differs from it mainly in its much more 
diminutive size. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 400998, was collected by C. R. 
Orcutt on a tall hill near Maggotty, St. Elizabeth Parish, Ja- 
maica. It has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 8.5 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 15.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.2 mm. 

In his description Chitty cites New Hope, Westmoreland, as type 
locality. We have not seen specimens from New Hope, but we do 
have lots from three adjoining parts of St. Elizabeth Parish, namely, 
Maggotty, Cheltenham, and a road cut 4 miles north of Black River. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) BAIRDIANUM (Chitty) 
Pate 17, Fiaures 28-30 
1857. Cyclotus bairdianus Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 153. 


Shell helicoid, of medium size, “of rich red brown color, with some. 
times a lighter band at the periphery and around the umbilical keel, 
yellowish at the suture of the last whorl” (Chitty). The nucleus 
consists of about one turn. The first postnuclear whorl is marked 
by retractively curved axial riblets, which are a little broader than 
the spaces that separate them. The whorl succeeding shows lines of 
growth, which are strongest at the summit, and malleations on the 
rest of the shell. This type of sculpture continues to the aperture, but 
becomes intensified and developed more or less into strong wrinkles. 
Suture moderately impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well 
rounded, openly umbilicated and marked with a very strong keel at 
the outer edge of the umbilicus and decidedly pinched in below the 
keel in the umbilicus. The base is marked by pittings which extend 
to the periphery. On the last one-fifth of a turn there are also 
strong decidedly retractively curved axial cords, which are separated 
by spaces about as wide as the cord. These vanish before reaching 
the periphery. The umbilical wall is marked by irregular lines of 
growth which render it rather rough. Aperture oblique, circular, 
with a feeble angle at the posterior angle, slightly emarginated below 
the summit on the outer lip and slightly excavated on the columellar 
wall. Operculum typically cycladamsid. 

Chitty failed to cite any locality with his description. Three 
specimens before me from the Adams collection mixed with “C. 


128 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


varians Ads.” No. 14, come from Accompong Town, St. Elizabeth 
Parish. Adams credits them to Chitty as donor. Our specimens 
were collected by Orcutt at Maggotty, St. Elizabeth Parish, about 5 
miles south of Accompong. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535983, comes from Maggotty, 
St. Elizabeth Parish. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 12.0 
mm.; greater diameter, 17.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.0 mm. These 
meet most nearly the measurements cited by Adams. There are, how- 
ever, larger individuals obtained at the same locality. One of these 
has 5 turns and measures: Height, 14.8 mm.; greater diameter, 21.4 
mm.; lesser diameter, 16.2 mm. 4 

This species belongs to the group in which the basal sculpture near 
the aperture consists of parallel, retractively slanting cords. This 
character it shares with A. (@.) ruber (Chitty), from which it differs 
in having much feebler sculpture on the latter portion of the spire 
as well as the base. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM (C. B. Adams) 


Shell varying greatly in shape, which ranges in outline from 
depressed-helicoid to subglobular. The color is also decidedly vari- 
able, ranging from unicolor to banded, the light area usually being 
flesh colored or buff, the darker chestnut-brown. The sculpture is 
likewise immensely variable. The nucleus is small, usually consist- 
ing of a turn or a turn and a half, which is smooth. The succeeding 
postnuclear whorl is marked by finely, retractively curved, rather 
closely spaced axial riblets, and from there on the remaining whorls 
show rough lines of growth and numerous wrinkles, malleations, 
and pittings. The strength of these elements varies very materially. 
In some specimens they become decidedly enfeebled toward the pe- 
riphery of the last turn; in others, they remain conspicuous. The 
suture is moderately impressed. Periphery well rounded, smooth 
in some individuals; in other individuals, pitted. Base well rounded, 
openly umbilicated, the umbilicus varying materially in size. In 
one of the races it is exceedingly broad, while in another it is quite 
narrow. A strong keel marks the outer limits of the umbilicus. 
The umbilical edge of this keel is deeply impressed. The base varies 
materially in sculpture; in some the posterior half is practically 
smooth; in others, it is strongly pitted and decidedly rough. The 
umbilical wall is marked by strong riblike incremental elements. 
The aperture is subcircular, somewhat angulated at the posterior 
angle; in some individuals there is a decided sinus on the outer lip 
a little below the summit; in others it is absent. The columellar 
wall is slightly excavated. Operculum typically cycladamsid, but 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 129 


differing materially in the concavity of its outer surface, which ranges 
from almost flat to decidedly concave. 

This species presents a difficult problem to the taxonomist, for I 
was unable to find sharp, clearly cut geographic races, but I did 
find intergrading elements in all the characters mentioned; that is, 
elevation, width of umbilicus, intensity of sculpture or partial 
absence thereof. 

I am recognizing four subspecies, which appear to have more or 
less of a zoogeographic locus: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM 


Periphery strongly sculptured. 


SpirephelicOid +25 h.22 Siess Oa See ee scabratum 

Spirevdepressed:helicoidas= 4s «2 Pe Pe Sa 2 eee eh ee humile 
Periphery not strongly sculptured. 

Wim Dili@us Natt O Wess ae eee eee eee deburghaeanum 

Wmbillcus notmarrowe =e a ee ee ee __ seminudum 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM SCABRATUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 18, FIcuRES 26-28 


This subspecies has a well-elevated, helicoid outline and is exceed- 
ingly roughly sculptured, the pitting extending over the periphery. 
It is easily distinguished from A. (C.) s. hwmile, which also has the 
pitting extending over the periphery, by its elevated form. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535984, was collected by Dr. Welch at 
The Alps, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. It has 5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 26.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 
19.3 mm. 

Welch also collected this race at Croydon, east-central Trelawny 
Parish. Both of these localities represent the northeastern known 
limit of the subspecies. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM HUMILE, new subspecies 
PLATE 18, Ficures 29-31 


This subspecies has the shell decidedly depressed and finely roughly 
sculptured, the pitting and wrinkling extending over the periphery. 
It also has an exceedingly wide umbilicus. The depressed form and 
large umbilicus and finer sculpture will distinguish this race from 
A. (C.) seminudum scabratum. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535985, has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 
15.2 mm.; greater diameter, 25.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.0 mm. It 
was collected by Dr. d’Alté Welch at Kyle, St. Elizabeth Parish, 
Jamaica. 


130 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


This race was collected by C. R. Orcutt at Carisbrook and by 
Dr. Welch at Kyle and Bartons. It therefore seems to occupy the 
north-central portion of St. Elizabeth Parish. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM DEBURGHAEANUM (Chitty) 
Puate 18, Ficurres 35-37 
1857. Cyclotus deburghaeanus Cuirry, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 151. 


This subspecies was differentiated from typical seminudum by 
Chitty chiefly on the basis of its more elevated form, narrower 
umbilicus, and flatter operculum, and possibly a little feebler sculpture 
of the base, for in both of these subspecies there is a tendency toward 
obsoleteness of sculpture. I have found in examining series of 
specimens that the relative concavity of the operculum is a variable 
element, and the width of the umbilicus is also variable, as is the 
elevation, and for this reason I am relegating Chitty’s species to 
subspecific rank. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 535986, was collected by Dr. 
Welch west of Headings, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. This has 5 
whorls and measures: Height, 20.0 mm.; greater diameter, 25.3 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 18.0 mm. 

Chitty cites Westmoreland (?) as the type locality. I believe that it 
occupies northern Manchester and southern Trelawny Parishes, 
extending into the edge of southeastern St. James Parish. 


APEROSTGMA (CYCLADAMSIA) SEMINUDUM SEMINUDUM (C. B. Adams) 
PLATE 18, FicuRES 32-34; PLATE 42, FIGURES 4, 5 


1851. Cyclostoma seminudum C. B. Apams, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 
5, p. 59. 

This subspecies is a little less elevated than A. (C@.) seminudum 
deburghaeanum (Chitty) and a little more roughly sculptured. It 
also has a much broader umbilicus and it, like deburghaeanum, has 
a feeble sculpture on the base, where it fails to extend to the periphery. 

Adams cites Manchester, Jamaica, as the type locality. Chitty, in 
restricting seminudum, says that it comes from the northwest border 
of Manchester Parish; he specifically mentions Bogue Hill. I be- 
lieve that this subspecies ranges from Somerset, Manchester Parish, 
in a northwesterly direction to Phoenix, St. James Parish. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 6642, was received from C. B. 
Adams. It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 16.0 mm.; greater 
diameter, 23.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.1 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 131 
APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) FOSSILE, new species 
PLATE 18, FicurEs 22-24 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, yellowish white. The nucleus con- 
sists of a little more than one turn; the next two turns are marked by 
well-rounded, retractively curved axial riblets, which are a little wider 
than the spaces that separate them. The next whorl is marked by 
strong rough wrinkles at the summit. The rest of the whorls are 
marked by retractively curved cords, which are slightly wavy and 
slightly nodulose, producing a somewhat pitted effect on the general 
surface. The last half of the last turn is very roughly sculptured. 
The wrinkles at the summit are intensified, and the rest loses its 
regular retractively curved ribbing, which is replaced with irregular 
wrinkles, malleations, and pits. Suture well impressed. Periphery 
well rounded. Base well rounded, broadly openly umbilicated with 
a moderately strong cord marking the outer limit of the umbilicus. 
The base of the early part of the last whorl is marked by the con- 
tinuation of the axial cords referred to for the spire, and the same 
type of pitting between them. The regularity of the disposition of 
these elements disappears on the last half, where a similar type of 
pitting and nodulation is present, but no regular distribution of these 
elements obtains. The umbilical wall is marked by wavy strong axial 
ribs. Aperture very large, somewhat channeled at the posterior 
angle and slightly excavated on the columellar wall. Operculum 
unknown. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535987, and a large series of specimens, 
U.S.N.M. No. 375436, were obtained by Mr. Orcutt from fossiliferous 
sand sifting in a cave north of One Eye River Sink, near Balaclava, 
Manchester Parish, Jamaica. The type has 4.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 11.7 mm.; greater diameter, 18.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 
13.9 mm. 

An additional lot, U.S.N.M. No. 397355, was obtained on a hill north 
of One Eye River Sink below the cave in crevices in the precipice. 

This species belongs to the seminudwm group, as far as the type 
of sculpture is concerned, but differs from it in the larger aperture 
and the much stronger umbilical sculpture and also in having the 
sculpture of the spire and base finer. It is evidently a fossil. Or- 
cutt failed to find living specimens of it in the region. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLADAMSIA) RUDISPLANUSQUE (Chitty) 
PLATE 18, FIGURES 13-18 


1857. Cyclotus rudis-planusque Cuitty, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 25, p. 152. 


Shell small or medium sized, helicoid. When perfect, covered with 
a wood-brown periostracum, which may be streaked with axial darker 


132 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


shades of brown. The nucleus consists of a little more than one 
turn, which is small and well rounded. The next turn is marked 
by very fine, retractively curved, closely spaced, almost hairlike 
riblets, while the rest of the shell bears irregular rugations and 
scattered malleations, the latter usually a little below the summit. 
The rugations are strongest near the summit of the shell. Suture 
well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, mod- 
erately broadly umbilicated. The umbilicus is bounded by a strong 
keel, which is strongly inpinched on the umbilical side and rendered 
somewhat nodulose by the irregular axial sculpture. The umbilical 
wall is marked by irregular axial ribs. Aperture large, subcircular, 
except for an angulation at the posterior angle, feebly incised below 
the summit on the outer lip and somewhat incised on the columellar 
wall. Operculum typically cycladamsid. 

The two specimens figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356182, are part of four 
from Mulgrave, St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica. I have selected these 
to show the limit of variation in size and also in intensity of sculp- 
ture. The larger has 5 whorls, the smaller 4.8. They measure, 
respectively: Height, 13.3 and 9.2 mm.; greater diameter, 18.6 and 
13.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 14.0 and 10.2 mm. 

This species is easily distinguished from the other Cycladamsias 
by its extremely reduced sculpture. 

Chitty cites Accompong Town, St. Elizabeth Parish, as type 
locality. This appears to be the center of its distribution. Some 
crab-carried (?) specimens were collected at Montego Bay, St. James 
Parish. The living material seen extends from Mocho to Maggoty, 
but we also have some dead specimens from 4 miles north of Black 
River, St. Elizabeth Parish, and Glen Burnie Mountains, West- 
moreland (Parish. 

This species presents a puzzle that will be cleared up only when 
anatomic material comes to hand for dissection. There are two dis- 
tinct sizes, a large and a small element. It is possible that these 
may be sexual characteristics. The occurrence of both in the same 
locality points toward such a condition. 


AUSTROCYCLOTUS, new subgenus 


Aperostomine shells of helicoid shape the outside surface of which 
is marked by closely placed threads crossing each other in protractive 
and retractive series, producing an engine-turned pattern. 

Type: Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) stramineum (Reeve). 

Distribution: Panama to Ecuador and Venezuela and the West 
Indies. 

The radula formula of Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) grenadense 
mesweent is 8:3:3:2. The jaw is without a median projection. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 133 


The verge is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles. 
It is swollen basally and provided with a seminal groove and a very 
short simple terminal appendage. 


KEY TO THE WEST INDIAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS AUSTROCYCLOTUS 


Sculpture very strong and filelike---------------------------------- rugatum 
Sculpture not as strong or filelike. 
Shell averaging more than 20 mm. in diameter___~---------- vincentinum 
Shell averaging less than 15 mm. in diameter__---------------- grenadense 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) RUGATUM (Guppy) 
PLATE 17, Ficures 10-12 


1864. Cyclotus rugatus Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 14, p. 246. 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, openly, moderately, 
broadly, umbilicated, covered by a golden-brown periostracum. Nu- 
clear whorls 1.5, well rounded, smooth, forming a moderately elevated 
spire. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, strongly in- 
bent at the suture excepting the last fifth of the last turn, which 
is marked by rather strong, decidedly retractively curved axial rib- 
lets. On the last whorl the riblets are replaced by more or less 
zigzagging ridges separated by spaces equaling them. This zig- 
zagging produces a filelike resemblance. On the last fifth of a 
turn these elements become much disturbed and finally obsolete. 
Suture strongly impressed; periphery strongly rounded. Base in- 
flated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the 
sculpture at the spire. Umbilical wall marked by closely spaced 
axial cords. Aperture oblique, almost circular, slightly angulated 
at the posterior angle. Peristome simple. Operculum typically 
austrocyclotid. 

I ‘collected the specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 
390108, at Brigham Hill, Central Range, Trinidad, on September 2, 
1928. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 12.9 mm.; greater 
diameter, 17.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.6 mm. I took three additional 
specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 394005, on Verdant Vale, about 4 miles north 
of Arima, Trinidad, on September 3, 1929. 

This species is much more robust and rotund, with the sculpture 
much coarser and rougher, than A. (A.) grenadense (Shuttleworth). 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) VINCENTINUM (Pilsbry) 


PLATE 17, Figures 1-3 


1935. Poteria vincentina Pitspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 87, 
p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a. 

Shell rather large, depressed-helicoid. Nuclear whorls almost 2, 

smooth, well rounded. Postnuclear whorls marked by numerous, 


134 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


wavy, slender, raised, retractively slanting axial threads, which are 
disposed in a more or less zigzag pattern, and lend to the surface 
a worn-file effect. Suture well constricted. Periphery somewhat in- 
flated, strongly rounded. Base strongly rounded, marked by the 
continuation of the sculpture described for the spire. Umbilicus 
broad, open. Aperture almost circular, somewhat angulated at the 
posterior angle; peristome thin, slightly reflected, a little thicker on 
the columellar wall, adnate to the preceding turn at the parietal wall. 
Operculum typically austrocyclotid. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 5385919, was col- 
lected by Bartsch on Mount St. Andrews, St. Vincent. It has 4.4 
whorls and measures: Height, 13.7 mm.; greater diameter, 22.7 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 17.1 mm. 

This species recalls most nearly A. (A.) grenadense (Shuttleworth), 
from which its much larger size will readily distinguish it. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRENADENSE (Shuttleworth) 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, openly moderately broadly umbili- 
cated. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth, conforming in 
increase with the rest of the spire. Postnuclear whorls slightly flat- 
tened near the suture, the rest well rounded, marked by incremental 
lines and obliquely slanting, low, elongated tubercles, which lend the 
surface a wrinkled appearance. This sculpture usually weakens to- 
ward the last tenth of a turn, where the incremental lines become 
much rougher and irregular. Periphery of last whorl well rounded. 
Base strongly rounded, marked like the spire. On the umbilical wall 
the tuberculations may weaken. Aperture broadly ovate, somewhat 
pointed at the posterior angle. Peristome acute. Operculum of about 
six whorls, typically austrocyclotid. 

The species appears confined to Grenada. I am recognizing two 
subspecies : 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRENADENSE 


Baseystrongly, granulogee ne ee ee ee ee ee grenadense 
Base not strongly: granulose: 23 3 = Eee mesweeni 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRENADENSE GRENADENSE (Shuttleworth) 
PLATE 17, Fiaures 19-21 


1857. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) grenadense SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 5, 
p. 266. 


This subspecies is differentiated from A perostoma (Austrocyclotus) 
grenadense mesweent by having the base strongly granulose. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 135 


I collected it in large numbers, U.S.N.M No. 473940, under heaps 
of leaves and branches in the Cacao plantation on the Annandale Es- 
tate, August 25, 1929, and a small number, U.S.N.M. No. 390105, at a 
much higher elevation at Granitown House, August 25, 1929. The 
latter average a little smaller and stronger sculptured. Both of these 
localities are on the western slope of Grenada. 

U.S.N.M. No. 57768 contains two specimens received from Bland; 
US.N.M. No. 366504 contains eight specimens, and U.S.N.M. No. 
366503 two specimens from Vendryes. None of these lots bear specific 
locality data, only the label Grenada, but all belong to this race. 

Ten specimens from the Annandale lot yield the following 
measurements : 


Height Greater diameter | Lesser diameter 


ae 
. 6 
9 
20 
ao 
»9 
3 
. 4 
9 
9 


RrPOOWH RATAT IO OO’ 
OPOWRN PERRO: 


Of the animal of this subspecies from the Annandale estate, my 
notes say: “Dorsal parts pale rose color, sides a little paler, sole of 
foot rose colored with a buffish tinge; tentacles crimson.” 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRENADENSE MCSWEENI, new subspecies 
PLATE 17, FIGURES 22-24 


Shell agreeing with typical A. (A.) grenadense grenadense 
(Shuttleworth) in size and shape but differing from it in having the 
sculpture of the spire a little less strong, while that of the base is 
very much reduced. I found these characters common to the speci- 
mens collected on the east slope of Grenada. My largest series, 
U.S.N.M. No. 473942, was obtained in a cacao plantation under the 
collected heaps of dead leaves and branches of Baltazar, August 25, 
1929. My notes say of the animal, “Coloration the same as that of 
the specimens obtained at the Annandale estate.” 

I collected the type, U.S.N.M. No. 474088, on the estate of Dr. 
Edgar deJ. McSween, one of my medical students now residing in 
Grenada, and I gratefully acknowledge his helpfulness during my 
sojourn there. The type has 4.3 whorls and its measurements are 


136 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
cited below, together with those of a series of specimens obtained at 


the same place: 


Greater diameter Lesser diameter 


Mm. 
(type) 


ONOCUWOOWO: 


1 
0 
‘4 
8 
. 6 
. 6 
6 
8 
3 
@ 


oak 
sue 
au 
ie 
al 
.o5 
so 
. 4 
. 0 
. 2 


Small specimens come from Telescope Hill on the northeast coast, 
U.S.N.M. No. 307501. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., collected representatives 
at Mount Pleasant at an altitude of 1,500 feet, U.S.N.M. No. 360782. 
Professor Summers collected specimens at an altitude of 700 feet, 
without mentioning specific locality, U.S.N.M. No. 356045. 


CYCLOHIDALGOA, new subgenus 


Aperostomas of helicoid shape with closely crowded axial riblets. 

Type: Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum (Sowerby). 

Distribution; Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Trinidad, and 
Margarita Island. 

Guppy showed the radula formula to be 3: 3: 3: 3. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM TRINITENSE (Guppy) 
PLATE 18, Figures 7-12 


1864. Cyclotus trinitensis Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 14, p. 245. 
1923. Poteria translucida trinitensis H. B. Baxer, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No, 187, pp. 31-33, pl. 5, figs. B and C. 

Baker, in discussing the mainland forms of this species, recognizes 
the subspecific distinctness of the Trinidad race, stating, “Shell more 
depressed ; suture distinctly impressed; whorls convex.” The group is 
an exceedingly difficult one, the proper elucidation of which may be 
furnished when enough anatomic data has been adduced. 

Guppy describes the Trinidad animal as follows: “The animal is 
of a pinkish colour, which is most pronounced about the tentacles. 
The eyes are small and black. The mouth is provided with an amber- 
coloured, somewhat triangular mandible, divided into two parts by a 
median fissure, from which diverge slightly curved rows of minute 
denticulations strongly resembling the lingual teeth of some Helicidae. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMBERICA 137 


“The lingual teeth are 3. 1. 3, in arched rows: central broad, triden- 
tate; 1st lateral broad, bidentate, with a base much produced out- 
wardly; 2nd tridentate; 8rd much hooked and reflexed, tridentate.” 

I collected semifossil specimens on the bluffs in a quarry on the 
south side of the road between Pampator and Asuncion on Margarita 
Island. I failed to find living specimens anywhere on the parts of the 
island visited. 


INCERTICYCLUS, a pseudogeneric term 


Members of the family Cyclophoridae as a rule require a knowledge 
of the operculum to enable one to assign them to the proper generic 
and subgeneric groups. Since specimens not infrequently drift into 
museums without this door, and the rest of the shell characters may 
fail to enable one to locate the shell in question, I propose the above 
name as a superspecific designation for species that have been 
christened but that in our monographic endeavors we are unable to 
locate properly for lack of the characters mentioned. 

Incerticyclus is not to be considered a genus, nor is it ever to have 
a type, but is to remain an open catch-all into which we may place 
those species the position of which we are uncertain. When the neces- 
sary characters have been adduced these species can be properly 
aligned, taken out of Jncerticyclus, and when new material without 
opercula is received, it can be placed in this group. 

I am placing the following species in Jncerticyclus : 


INCERTICYCLUS BAKERI (Simpson) 
PLATE 18, FicurEs 1-3 


1895. Neocyclotus (Ptychocochlis) bakeri Stmpson, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 
p. 449, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2. 

Shell large, helicoid; nuclear whorls lost. The early postnuclear 
whorls are marked by wavy or slightly zigzag, retractively slanting, 
slender axial riblets, which are well developed, quite regular and 
regularly spaced, and separated by spaces about as wide as the riblets. 
On the last half of the last turn, however, there appears another 
type of sculpture consisting of strong wrinkles, the first part of 
which is retractive, then vertical, then again sloping retractively 
to the periphery. These wrinkles vary materially in strength. 
Suture moderately well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base 
well rounded, openly umbilicated, and marked by decidedly retrac- 
tively curved, very regular ridges, which pass over the umbilical 
angle strongly onto the umbilical wall. These ridges are about as 
wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to this the entire 
base is marked by fine incremental lines. There is scarcely a sug- 


138 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


gestion of the angle at the outer edge of the umbilicus present. 
Aperture circular; peristome thin. Operculum? 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 115717, was collected by John B. Hender- 
son in the mar] stratum of the Bowden Beds, Miocene, in St. Thomas 
Parish, Jamaica. It has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 16.3 mm.; greater diameter, 30.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 
20.0 mm. 

The peculiar sculpture combined with the absence of the umbilical 
keel separates this species from all the other known Jamaican 
cyclophorids. 


INCERTICYCLUS BOWDENENSIS, new species 
PLATE 41, F1cuRES 4-6 


Shell small, helicoid, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated. 
The early postnuclear whorls somewhat impressed at the summit; 
tie last appressed. The early whorls are marked by slender, hairlike 
incremental lines. Beginning with the last half of the penultimate 
turn, decidedly obliquely protractively slanting axial rugae make their 
appearance. They take a sudden retractive slant near the summit 
where they are weaker and less regular. Periphery rounded. Base 
strongly rounded, openly umbilicated, and marked by lines of growth 
only. A rather strong, somewhat notched, moderately broad keel 
forms the outer edge of the umbilicus, while the umbilical wall is 
marked by riblike gatherings of the incremental lines. Aperture 
circular, oblique; peristome simple, thickened to form an auricle at 
the posterior angle. 

The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 82532a, was collected 
by Uselma C. Smith and S. L. Schermo in the Miocene formation 
at Bowden, Jamaica. It has 3.5 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 10.8 mm.; greater diameter, 15.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 12 mm. 

Its lesser size and comparatively weak sculpture will readily 
distinguish it from Jncerticyclus bakeri (Simpson) and J. schermoz. 


INCERTICYCLUS SCHERMOI, new species 


PLATE 41, Figures 10-12 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, cream yellow. Nuclear whorls 1.5, 
small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls well rounded; all 
but the last turn marked by very strong, slightly retractively curved 
axial riblets, which are less than half as wide as the spaces separating 
them. The last whorl is very roughly wrinkled. The axial ribs 
persist and are even stronger than on the preceding whorls, but they 
are rendered irregular by decidedly obliquely protractively slanting 
folds. The latter are not quite so broad as the spaces separating 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 139 


them. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, openly um- 
bilicated with a very strong keel at the outer edge of the umbilicus. 
Deep pits are present at the keel, which extend as impressed grooves 
over the anterior third of the base. Anterior to the keel the umbil- 
ical wall is also deeply pitted and the impressed areas extending 
from the pits over the umbilical wall let the intermediate space appear 
as ribs marked by incremental lines. Aperture oblique, circular. 

The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 82582, was collected 
by Uselma C. Smith and S. L. Schermo in the Miocene beds at 
Bowden, Jamaica. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 13 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 19.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.8 mm. Thirteen 
young and fragmentary specimens are registered under the same 
number. 

The strong basal sculpture readily differentiates this from /ncer- 
ticyclus bowdenensis and the strong spiral keel at the umbilicus sepa- 
rates it from Incerticyclus bakeri (Simpson). 


INCERTICYCLUS PERPALLIDUS (C. B. Adams) 
PLATE 18, FIGURES 4-6 


1852. Cyclostoma perpallidum C. B. ApAMs, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 
vol. 5, p. 81. 

1852. Cyclotus perpallidus PFreIrFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 29. 

1857. Cyclostoma perpallidus Currry, Proc. Zool. Soc London, vol. 25, p. 157. 

1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) perpallidus KosetT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 9, p. 138, reprint. 

Shell of medium size with sides sloping regularly to the spire, 
soiled white. The nucleus consists of 1.5 smooth, well-rounded turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded, the first marked 
by feeble retractively curved axial riblets. Beginning with the 
second, fine wavy axial wrinkles make their appearance. These 
wrinkles branch and anastomose, enclosing spaces between them of 
varying length. They are a little weaker toward the summit than 
on the major portion of the whorls. Suture moderately well im- 
pressed on all of the turns. Periphery obscurely angulated and 
marked like the spire. Base very moderately rounded, almost flat- 
tened, marked by the continuation of the axial wrinkles, which here 
are retractively slanting and marked near the umbilicus by strong 
coarse ribs, which are wider than the spaces that separate them. The 
umbilical wall is marked by the continuation of these ribs and fine 
incremental lines. There is only the merest indication of angulation 
at, the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aperture subcircular, decidedly 
protracted into a claw at the posterior angle, having the outer lip 
thin, inner somewhat thickened. Operculum? 


140 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Adams’ type, here figured, has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 13.0 
mm.; greater diameter, 19.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.4 mm. 

Adams cites merely Jamaica, but Chitty (doc. cit.) states: “Near 
Moore Town, Portland.” He says, “This shell was originally brought 
to me by a negro named Shelly, whom I could never, even by money 
excite to sufficient energy to collect more. * * * Operculum still 
wanting.” 

The species has not been rediscovered, and until the operculum has 
been found it will be impossible to place it properly. The peculiar 
sculpture, the sloping spire, and, above all, the flattish base, differentiate 
it from all the other known West Indian cyclophorids. 


INCERTICYCLUS PERPLEXUS, new species 
PLATE 18, Ficures 19-21 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, covered with a golden-brown perio- 
stracum, at least the fragments left on our specimens would indicate 
that that is the case. The nucleus consists of 1.4 small, somewhat 
inflated, well-rounded, smooth turns. The first postnuclear whorl is 
strongly rounded and marked by very regular, rather distantly spaced, 
slender, well-raised axial riblets. On the succeeding turns the axial 
riblets are more closely approximated and reduced to incremental lines. 
In addition to these, the entire surface is marked by strong, very 
oblique, decidedly protractively slanting heavy ridges, which are 
separated by spaces about as wide as the ridges. These ridges at the 
periphery join the ridges on the base, which have a decidedly opposite 
slant, the two at their junction forming sharp arrowpoints. Base 
broadly, openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by the 
heavy rugations mentioned above. The umbilical wall bears coarse, 
more or less vertical, riblike incremental lines. Aperture circular; 
peristome simple, that of the outer lip thin; the inner lip thickened. 
Operculum unknown. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535988, was collected by Orcutt at Appleton, 
St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. It has 3.3 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 7.8 mm.; greater diameter, 14.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.3 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 378448 contains two topotypes received from the same 
source. These are a little smaller than the type. 


INCERTICYCLUS MARTINICENSIS (Shuttleworth) 

1857. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) martinicense SHUTTLEWORTH, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 
5, p. 267. 

Shell broadly umbilicated, lenticular, thin, finely striated, with dense 

fine spiral grooves, pale olive-brown, shining; spire little elevated. 

Apex rather obtuse; suture deep; 4-414 convex, rapidly increasing 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 141 


whorls, the last scarcely descending ; aperture hardly oblique, circular ; 
peristome continous, acute. Operculum calcareous, scarcely convex 
on the outside, with ten volutions, depressed and expanded at the edge. 
Height, 8 mm.; greater diameter, 14 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.5 mm. 
Aperture 6 mm., broad and high. 

Shuttleworth states that he had received two specimens of this from 
Petit from the Island of Martinique. I have not seen it and am unable 
to place it in any of the groups here listed. 


INCERTICYCLUS CINEREUS (Drouet) 
PuLate 18, FicuRE 25 


1859. Cyclophorus cinereus DRovET, Essai sur les mollusques terrestres et fluvia- 
tiles de la Guyane francaise, p. 90, pl. 3, figs. 37-38. 

The following is a translation of Drouet’s description : 

Shell small, umbilicated, subturbinate, thin, scarcely translucent, 
finely striate, ashy; whorls 4, convex, apex obtuse; aperture angulatedly 
circular, peristome simple, acute. Operculum immersed, concolor, nor- 
mal. Height, 4 mm.; greater diameter, 4.5 mm.; diameter of aperture 
2mm. * * * This Cyclophorid by its general form, size, and 
coloration resembles our Valvata piscinalis Miill. It has no decided 
characters except its small size, subturbinate form and ashy color, and 
especially the fine regular striations with which its shell is adorned. 

The figures emphasizes the axial lirations. 

There is no material in the collection of the United States National 
Museum that helps us understand this species. The fact that Drouet 
describes Cyclophorus liratus and C. acutiliratus immediately before 
his @. cinereus and says here that the operculum is normal, leads one 
to believe that he was dealing with an amphicyclotid. We know of 
none in the West Indies with axial ribs. I therefore include this 
species in sedis incertae. It was described from the Island of Marti- 
nique. 


428349—42—__10 


Part 3.—THE CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF THE 
MAINLAND OF AMERICA 


By PAuL BARTSCH and JOSEPH P. E. MORRISON 


Family CYCLOPHORIDAE Gray 


The family Cyclophoridae is defined on p. 3. 

The mainland cyclophorids range from Mexico to and over South 
America. They belong to four subfamilies, which the following key 
will help to differentiate : 


KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF CYCLOPHORIDAE ON THE MAINLAND OF AMERICA 


Shell elongate-turrited2 22255 a ee Megalomastominae 
Shell not elongate-turrited. 
FSV a Vey NS oh) 670) (5 Dane ee A ee eee Diplommatininae 
Shell not pupoid but planorboid or helicoid. 
@perculum’ chondroid= ==. +>_2 422222 "se. eS Amphicyclotinae 
Operculum: calcified) ==) 2 eee Aperostominae 


Subfamily MEGALOMASTOMINAE Torre and Bartsch 
For definition of the subfamily, refer to p. 3. 


Genus TOMOCYCLUS Crosse and Fischer 
1872. Tomocyclus Crosse and FiscHer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20, p. 76. 


Shells with elongated-turrited spire. Aperture circular, peristome 
double; the inner more or less exserted; the outer broadly flaringly ex- 
panded, with a slit terminating in a more or less circular perforation in 
the parietal wall below the edge of the peristome. Operculum with 
central nucleus, bearing a broadly expanded spiral lamella, which is 
reflected to parallel the basal chondroid plate. The outer edge of the 
lamella may be appressed to the succeeding turn, or fringes of its outer 
ragged edge may be free; in reality the entire lamella is free, and its 
appressed position is responsible for its appearing adnate. 

Type: Zomocyclus gealei Crosse and Fischer. 

T. simulacrum (Morelet) yields the following data: Radula formula : 
3:3:3:3. Jaws with central projection. Penis on right side of neck 
traversed by a groove only. 


142 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 143 


The radula of 7. gealei has the formula 3: 3: 3: 3. According to 
Crosse and Fischer the jaw has a median projection, the verge is long 
and is on the side of the neck behind the tentacles, tapering gradually 
and bearing a seminal groove. There is no terminal appendage. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TOMOCYCLUS 


Axdalusculpiune consisting.o: Slender ribss2s—s === === a eee gealei 
Axial sculpture not consisting of slender ribs but of fine incremental 
lines. 


OuteraperistomMe~naLlTrow.- === =a eae ae ee guatemalensis 
Outer peristome not narrow. 
Siphonwstronghy, developedss =a se eee ee eee siphonis 
Siphon not strongly developed. 
Wihorlsestronglyarounded S22.) ee ee constrictus 
Whorls not strongly rounded. 
Shell large, height more than 85 mm__-_--________ simulacrum 
Shell smaller, length less than 27 mm____-___----- copanensis 


TOMOCYCLUS GEALEI Crosse and Fischer 


PLATE 19, FIGuRE 1 


1872. Tomocyclus gealei Crosse and FiscHer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20, p. 77. 

1886. Tomocyclus gealei FISCHER and Crosse, Mission scientifique au Mexique et 
dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pp. 118-120, pl. 40, figs. 1-3. 

1890. Megalomastoma (Tomocyclus) gealei von Martens, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 10. 


Shell very large, very elongate-turrited, covered by a pale yellowish- 
brown periostracum, which shows a few axial streaks of darker brown. 
Peristome bluish white, which is also the color of the interior of the 
aperture. The early whorls are decollated in all our specimens; those 
remaining are appressed at the summit, well rounded, and marked by 
somewhat sinuous, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about 
as wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to this the whorls 
are marked by very closely spaced spiral striations. Suture strongly 
impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long with a 
strong, heavy, spiral keel bounding the outer edge of the umbilicus, 
which is open. Aperture circular; peristome double, the inner slightly 
exserted; the outer broadly flaringly expanded, with a slit in the 
parietal wall, which at some little distance behind the edge of the 
peristome develops into a perforation, the perforation being arched 
over by the two sides of the peristome, which almost form a siphon. 
Operculum typically tomocyclid. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 321034, bears the 
label “Central America.” It has 7 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 40.7 mm.; greater diameter, 17.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.9 
mm. Height of aperture, 14.1 mm. externally, 7.9 mm. internally ; 
diameter, 13.2 mm. externally, 7.7 mm. internally. 


144 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The United States National Museum collections contain the follow- 
ing specimens: U.S.N.M. No. 32069, 3 from Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No. 
251126, 1 collected by O. F. Cook at Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala; 
U.S.N.M. No. 321081, 2 collected by S. Smith in Guatemala; U.S.N.M. 
No. 57333, 3 received from Bland, collected in Guatemala; U.S.N.M. 
No. 104444, 1 from Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No. 316386, 
2 from Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No. 321033, 1 collected by Sallé, labeled 
“Mexico.” 

In size this species resembles 7’. s¢mulacrum, from which it is easily 
distinguished by its rather strong axial ribs, which are absent in 
simulacrum. 


TOMOCYCLUS GUATEMALENSIS (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 19, Ficure 4 


1851. Cyclostoma guatemalense PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p. 245. 

1852. Megalomastoma guatemalense PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum 
viventium, vol. 1, p. 132. 

1853. Cyclostoma guatemalense PFEIFFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 267, pl. 36, figs. 18, 14. 

1872. Tomocyclus guatemalense Crosse and FiscHer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20, 

enbGe 

1878. nat abun guatemalense REEVE, Conchologia iconica, vol. 20, pl. 8, 
fig. 73. 

1886. Tompopelie guatemalensis FiscHrER and Crosse, Mission scientifique au 
Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 124, pl. 40, fig. 11. 

We have not seen specimens of this species and copy Pfeiffer’s 
figures and translate his description as given in Martini-Chemnitz. 

Shell perforate, elongate, rather thick shelled, moderately truncated 
above, axially finely striate, white beneath a greenish-brown perios- 
tracum. Spire with a somewhat convex outline, gradually tapering. 
Whorls 6, slightly arched, the last shorter, descending anteriorly, and 
somewhat solute, compressed about the narrow open umbilicus but 
not keeled. Aperture parallel with the axis, almost circular. Peri- 
stome free, white, double, the inner complete, and only slightly pro- 
duced; the outer expanded at right angles to the aperture, excised 
over the perforation. Length, 24 mm.; diameter, 8 mm. 

Pfeiffer’s figure has 5.8 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 
23.2 mm.; greater diameter, 11.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 8.2 mm. 
Height of aperture externally, 8.2 mm., internally, 6.1 mm.; diameter 
externally, 6.7 mm., internally, 5.1 mm. 

Habitat: Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. 

These figures show a finely ribbed shell with a much more narrowly 
expanded outer peristome than in any of the other species. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 145 


TOMOCYCLUS SIPHONIS, new species 


PLATE 19, Fiaure 5 


Shell of medium size, olivaceous with a chestnut tinge; peristome 
bluish white, which is also the color of the interior. Early whorls 
decollated in all our specimens; those remaining well rounded, ap- 
pressed at the summit, which is slightly denticulated and marked by 
lines of growth, which do not form riblets. There is also an indi- 
cation of microscopic spiral striations. Suture strongly constricted. 
Periphery well rounded. Base with a weak carina at the outer edge 
of the umbilicus, which disappears on the last quarter of the last turn. 
Aperture circular; peristome double, the inner moderately exserted ; 
the outer broadly flaringly expanded and somewhat wavy with a 
strong sinus on the middle of the parietal wall, which connects with 
a round opening, over which the two sides of the reflected outer 
peristome form a pseudosiphon. Operculum typically tomocyclid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 162511, was collected by von Ihering at 
Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. It has 5 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 31 mm.; greater diameter, 14.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.7 mm. 
Height of aperture, 12.9 mm. externally, 5.9 mm. internally; diameter, 
12.2 mm. externally, 5.8 mm. internally. 

This differs from 7. constrictus in having the pseudosiphon much 
more strongly developed and the basal carina much weaker; it is also 
paler in coloration. 


TOMOCYCLUS CONSTRICTUS, new species 
PLATE 19, Figure 2 


Shell of medium size, elongate-turrited, covered with a chestnut- 
brown periostracum. Early whorls decollated in all our specimens; 
those remaining strongly rounded, slightly denticulated at the sum- 
mit, and marked by feeble obsolete axial riblets corresponding to the 
denticulations at the summit; these, however, evanesce on the major 
portion of the base. In addition to this, the whorls are marked by 
fine spiral striations. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well 
rounded. Base slightly produced, bearing a very strong keel at the 
outer limit of the umbilicus. Aperture circular; peristome double, 
the inner moderately exserted; the outer broadly, wavily, flaringly 
expanded, with a notch in the parietal wall which connects with the 
round opening. The two sides of the peristome arch over to partly 
cover the pseudosiphon. Operculum typically tomocyclid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 162315, was collected by Godman at Coban, 
northern Guatemala. It has 5.3 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 32.8 mm.; greater diameter, 15.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.4 
mm. Height of aperture, 12.6 mm. externally, 6.5 mm. internally; 
diameter, 12.2 mm. externally, 6.3 mm. internally. 


146 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The United States National Museum collections contain also the 
following specimens: 

U.S.N.M. No. 516028, a topotype; U.S.N.M. No. 250693, 4 speci- 
mens received from Rolle, collected at Finca de Providencia, Guate- 
mala; U.S.N.M. No. 321030, 1 specimen received from Sowerby and 
Fulton, labeled “Guatemala.” 

This species resembles 7’. stphonis, but differs from it in its weaker 
siphonal development and in having the whorls much more strongly 
rounded and the basal keel much stronger. 


TOMOCYCLUS SIMULACRUM (Morelet) 


PLATE 19, FIGURE 6 


1849. Cyclostoma simulacrum Morsetet, Testacea novissima insulae Cubanae et 
Americae centralis, p. 22. 

1852. Megalomastoma simulacrum PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum 
viventium, vol. 1, p. 181. 

1853. Cyclostoma simulacrum PreEtrreR, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 267, pl. 36, figs. 11, 12. 

1864. Megalomastoma simulacrum Sowersy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 3, 
ul. 263, figs. 3, 4. 

1872. Tomocyclus simulacrum Crosser and FiscHer, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 20, p. 76. 

1878. Tomocyclus simulacrum KoseEtr, Ilustrirtes Conchylienbuch, p. 195, pl. 61, 


fig. 22. 

1878. Megalomastoma simulacrum Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 20, p. 8, 
fig. 72. 

1883. Megalomastoma simulacrum Tryon, Manual Conchology, vol. 2, p. 282, pl. 
75, fig. 61. 


1886. Tomocyclus simulacrum Crosse and FiscHer, Mission scientifique au 
Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pp. 121-124, pl. 40, 
figs. 9, 9a; pl. 44, figs. 1, la. 

Shell large, covered with a chocolate-brown periostracum, which 
grows paler toward the tip. Peristome yellowish bluish white, which 
is also the color of the interior of the aperture. Early whorls decol- 
lated in all our specimens; those remaining moderately well rounded, 
appressed at the summit, and marked by rather irregular incremental 
lines. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base 
with a moderately strong keel marking the outer limit of the um- 
bilicus. This disappears on the last quarter of the last turn. Aper- 
ture circular; peristome double, the inner slightly exserted; the outer 
broadly, sinuously flaringly expanded. A slit on the middle of the 
parietal wall with the two sides reflected over it partly covers a round 
puncture a little behind the edge of the peristome. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 203656, was received from 
Bland and comes from Guatemala. It has 5.7 whorls remaining 
and measures: Height, 88 mm.; greater diameter, 16.6 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 11.1 mm. Height of aperture externally, 138.4 mm., in- 
ternally, 6.8 mm.; diameter externally, 13.4 mm., internally, 6.7 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 147 


The following additional specimens are in the National Museum Col- 
lection: No. 321006, from the Redfield Collection; No. 365365, 1 col- 
lected by A. A. Hinkley at Chama, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala; No. 
32070, 2 collected by Sarg between Tactic and Tamaju, Alta Vera Paz, 
Guatemala. 

This species is the largest of the smooth-whorled forms. In size 
it resembles 7’. gealei Crosse and Fischer, and in sculpture it agrees 
with the other species. 


TOMOCYCLUS COPANENSIS (Sowerby) 
PLATE 19, Figure 3 


1850 Cyclostoma copanense SowerBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, Suppl. 
p. 165*, pl. 31B, figs. 310, 311. 

1886. Tomocyclus similacrwm copanensis FISCHER and Crosse, Mission scienti- 
fique au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 121, pl. 
40, figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 10. 

1886. Tomocyclus simulacrum yar. d FIscHER and Crosse, ibid., p. 121, pl. 40, 
fig. 6. 

1890. egased (Tomocyclus) simulacrum minus VON MARTENS, Biologia 
Centrali-Americana, p. 10. 

1890. Meglomastoma (Tomocyclus) simulacrum gracilius VON MARTENS, idem. 

Shell small, chestnut-brown. The early whorls decollated in all 
our specimens; the latter well rounded, appressed at the summit, and 
marked by lines of growth and indistinct spiral striations. Suture 
well constricted. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately long, 
with a strong keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus, which 
disappears on the last quarter of the last turn. Aperture circular; 
peristome double, the inner slightly exserted; the outer flaringly, 
somewhat wavily expanded, with a slit on the parietal wall, which 
communicates with the circular perforation a little behind the slit. 
The two edges of the peristome are bent over to form a siphon. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
515763, collected by Godman at Coban, Guatemala. ‘These differ ma- 
terially in size, so we are giving the dimensions of both. The speci- 
men figured has 5.2 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 26 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 12.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 8.7 mm. Height of aper- 
ture externally, 9.5 mm., internally, 5.8 mm.; diameter externally, 
10 mm., internally, 5.5 mm. The smaller specimen has 5.5 whorls 
remaining and measures: Height, 22 mm.; greater diameter, 10.8 
mm.; lesser diameter,7 mm. Height of aperture externally, 8.3 mm., 
internally, 5 mm.; diameter externally, 8 mm., internally, 5 mm. 
The U. S. National Museum collections contain 3 additional lots: No. 
316385, 3 specimens labeled “Guatemala”; No. 515764, 1 specimen 
received from Sowerby & Fulton labeled “Guatemala”; No. 321005, 
1 specimen from Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, collected by Cuming. 


148 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


There appears to have been considerable misunderstanding about 
this species. We have lumped v. Martens’ Megalomastoma (Tomo- 
cyclus) simulacrum minus and his M. (T.) simulacrum gracilius 
under this name, which we feel justified in doing from the specimens 
before us. The small size will readily differentiate this from the 
other more or less smooth forms. 


Subfamily DIPLOMMATININAE Kobelt 


This subfamily embraces a dozen or more genera and some 400 
species. Its distribution extends from Siberia south through India, 
and in the west Pacific Island complex from Japan to eastern New 
Zealand. Only a single genus, Adelopoma, has been reported from 


America. 
Genus ADELOPOMA Doering 


1884. Adelopoma Dorrine, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, vol. 7, p. 457. 
1898. Eupalaina KoseLt and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 


30, p. 181, in part. 
1898. Cylindropalaina KopeLr and MOLLENDOREF, ibid., p. 133, in part. 

Small pupiform, sinistral or dextral shells, white, thin. Nuclear 
whorls smooth; postnuclear whorls ornamented with scalariform axial 
ribs; suture strongly constricted. Aperture circular, with a small 
denticle on the columellar wall; peristome double. Operculum thin, 
corneous, with 3 or 4 whorls whose outer edge is slightly upturned. 

Type: Adelopoma tucma Doering. 

Distribution: Costa Rica to Peru. 

The radula formula cited by Doering is: 5:4:4:2 for A. twema. 
Baker (Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 47, 1922) 
gives the radula for A. occidentale Baker from La Fria, Venezuela, 
as ‘7:5:5:5. This is our A. baker. 

In 1863 Philippi described Pupa lmensis (Malak. Blatter, vol. 14, 
p. 75), and this was later referred by Doering and Ancey to the genus 
Adelopoma, but Pilsbry has definitely shown that it belongs to the 
genus Pupoides in the Pupillidae. 


ADELOPOMA TUCMA Doering 


PLATE 40, Figure 1 


1884. Adelopoma tucma DorrtnG, Bol. Acad. Nac. Ciene. Cérdoba, vol. 7, p. 458, 
figs. 

1902. Adelopoma tucma Kosett, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 480. 

We have not seen this species, but we give a translation of Doering’s 
description and copy his figure. 

Shell rimate, small, oblong-ovate, pupilliform, thin, white, crystal- 
line, with attenuated apex, closely obliquely rib-striate; whorls 6, 
convex, the first 2 nuclear, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are ele- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 149 


gantly, closely rib-striately sculptured ; the last exceeds one-fourth the 
length of the shell. Suture profound, excavated; aperture circular, 
straight; peristome straight, continuous, reflectedly expanded. 
Length, 2mm.; diameter, 1mm. Diameter of aperture, 6mm. Oper- 
culum small, concave, circular, with concentric and spiral striations, 
slightly yellowish. 

Radula formula: 5: 4:4: 2. 

The locality as given by Doering is Sierra de Tucuman, Argentina. 


ADELOPOMA STOLLI (von Martens) 


PLatTe 40, Figures 2, 3 


1890. Diplommatina stolli von Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, p. 20, 
pled ig. Lo: 

1898. Palaina (Eupalaina) stolli Kosenrt and Métienporrr, Nachrb. Deut. 
Malak. Ges., vol. 30, p. 133. 

1902. Adelopoma stolli Koprur, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 480. 

We have not seen specimens of this species and therefore must 
give a translation of v. Martens’ description and copy his figure: 

Shell sinistral, imperforate, ovate-conic, with 16 strong ribs on the 
penultimate whorl, white; whorls 6, convex, the first 2 smooth, yellow- 
ish, the penultimate the largest, the last a little narrower, rounded 
and thin; aperture subvertical, circular; peristome continuous, thick- 
ened, expanded, white. Length, 2.5 mm.; diameter,1 mm. Aperture 
0.75 mm. 

Habitat: Northwest Guatemala in the District of Cholhuitz, on 
the slope of the Volcano Santa Maria at the plantation Helvetia, 
where 2 specimens were found by O. Stoll on the ground in 
second growth woods. 

Comparing the specimens with Adelopoma occidentale from Trini- 
dad, the riblets in A. stolli are very much stronger and less 
numerous. 

Hinkley (Nautilus, vol. 21, p. 78, 1907), reports this species from 
Tampico, where a single specimen was found. We have seen this 
specimen, but unfortunately it was so badly fractured that we were 
unable to make any comparison. Judging from the distribution, 
we rather doubt its identity. It is possible that this represents a 
distinct form. 

ADELOPOMA BAKERI, new species 


Puate 40, Ficure 5 


1923. Adelopoma, occidentale H. B. BAKER, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 
No. 137, pp. 46-48, fig. 21 (radula). 


Shell minute, sinistral, pupoid, white. The nucleus consists of 1.5 
inflated mammillated turns, which are smooth. The postnuclear 


150 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


whorls are inflated. strongly rounded, and marked by distantly 
spaced, slender, scalariform, protractively curved axial ribs, of which 
33 are present on the first, 29 on the second, 26 on the third and fourth, 
and 12 on the remaining 0.4 of a turn, in the type. Suture very 
strongly constricted. Base well rounded, very narrowly umbilicated, 
marked by the continuation of the axial ribs. Aperture obliquely 
oval; peristome double, the inner expanded, thickened, exserted, and 
slightly reflected, adnate to the preceding turn on the parietal wall. 
There is a feeble denticle in the middle of the columella. Outer 
peristome rather broadly flaringly expanded. 

Radula formula: 7:5:5:5. 

The type and 27 specimens, No. 140916, are in the collection of the 
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, collected by H. B. Baker 
at Quebrada, Venezuela. The type has almost 6 whorls and 
measures: Height, 2.3 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm. 

This species is distinguished from A. occidentale in having white 
nuclear whorls, and in being stouter, with a much more strongly 
developed peristome. 


ADELOPOMA COSTARICENSE, new species 
PLATE 40, Ficure 4 


Shell minute, sinistral, thin, semitranslucent, alabaster white. 
Nuclear whorls 1.5, inflated, strongly rounded, smooth. Postnuclear 
whorls inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by low, lamellar, 
scalariform, decidedly protractively slanting axial ribs, of which 24 
are present on the first three whorls and 12 on the last half turn. 
The spaces separating the axial ribs are 7 or 8 times as wide as the 
ribs, and are covered by exceedingly fine, microscopic, spiral striations. 
Suture very strongly constricted. Base inflated, well rounded, with 
a narrow umbilical chink, marked by the continuation of the sculp- 
ture described for the spire. Aperture broadly obliquely oval; peri- 
stome double, the inner strongly exserted and reflected; the outer 
moderately broadly expanded, adnate, and appressed to the preceding 
turn. Operculum typically adelopomid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 516034, comes from Santa Maria, Costa 
Rica, at an altitude of 1,550 meters. It has 6 whorls and measures: 
Height, 2.8 mm.; diameter, 12 mm. U.S.N.M. No. 516035 contains 
9 topotypes. 

This species is distinguished from A. occidentale (Guppy) by being 
a little slenderer and having fewer axial ribs; these, too, are less 
worn at the summit and near the periphery than on the middle, which 
is not true of occidentale. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 151 


ADELOPOMA OCCIDENTALE (Guppy) 


PLATE 40, FIGURE 6 


We have described this species from Trinidad (p. 52). 

Specimens indistinguishable from it were obtained by the Bond 
Venezuelan Expedition of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- 
delphia in 1911, at Cariaquita, Venezuela. They are registered as 
A.N.S.P. No. 105193 and U.S.N.M. No. 536008. 

Cariaquita is not far from the Island of Trinidad, and it is not 
surprising that the species should extend to this locality. 


Subfamily AMPHICYCLOTINAE Kobelt and Mdllendorff 


For the characters of this subfamily, refer to p. 52. 


KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY AMPHICYCLOTINAE 


Spiral sculpture strong. 
SHEIUS CISCO 1 eee teeter ek oe eee ee ee Buckleyia 
Shell not discoid. 
Shell helicoid. 


Shell with a notch at base of columella_______---___~ Lagocyclus 
Shell without a notch at base of columella. 
Shell with two spiral keels on umbilical wall___--~ Filocyclus 


Shell without spiral keels on umbilical wall___ Calaperostoma 
Spiral sculpture absent or obsolete. 


JEieveiSjvopaave TAN oYOUeYS LAR AL ee ee Cyrtotoma 
Peristome not reflected. 
Posterior angle of aperture with a strong keel_______-__- Barbacyclus 
Posterior angle of aperture without a strong keel. 
SHELL? (Sra 0 Cae a ee ee Calacyclotus 


Shell not smooth but with axial sculpture only. 
Axial sculpture not vermiculated. 


Axialisculpture vertical = 22222 22s a2 sae Mexcyclotus 
Axial sculpture retractives— === 2) == Megacyclotus 
Axial sculpture vermiculated________________-_ Amphicyclotus 


Genus BUCKLEYIA Higgins 


1872. Buckleyia Hiactns, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 86. 
1873. Buckleya Mousson, Malak. Bliitter, vol. 21, p. 17. 

Amphicyclotine shells of a discoid shape, having the upper and 
lower side almost identical in all features. Operculum with the edge 
of the outer turns upturned as flakelike elements. 

Type: Aperostoma (Buckleyia) montezwumi Higgins=Buckleyia 
martinezi (Hidalgo). 

Distribution: Colombia and Ecuador. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BUCKLEYIA 


SS TTT ISG] Sipe ne aie mec eee ater CE fas EE na ener ea bicincta 
Spiral keels 4. 
Spirseikeelssbron lh) as Es Se ee ee martinezi 


Spiral keelsinweale i). uC reer Ee ee ee ee bifasciata 


152 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
BUCKLEYIA BICINCTA, new species 


PLATE 19, Fieures 13-15 


Shell disk shaped, concave on both the upper and lower surface, 
dark olive-green with whitish axial bands, which are rather irregu- 
lar in outline and of varying width but of rather regular spacing. 
The nucleus consists of almost one turn, which is followed by a 
portion having spiral threads, and this in turn is succeeded by a 
part which has 2 strong keels at a considerable distance anterior and 
posterior to the periphery. The slightly rounded space between these 
two keels is marked by 22 slender spiral threads, as well as incremen- 
tal lines. On the upper surface there is a moderately strong spiral 
thread almost median between the supraperipheral keel and the 
suture. There are 20 slender hairlines between this and the supra- 
peripheral keel, and 18 between it and the suture on the upper sur- 
face. On the lower surface there is a similar arrangement, 22 spiral 
threads being present between the strong subperipheral keel and 
the median cord and 16 between it and the suture. Suture well im- 
pressed, showing the spiral keel on both the upper and lower surface. 
Aperture with the upper and lower lip evenly curved; the outer 
lip is less arched and rendered eared by the two spiral keels. The 
parietal lip corresponds in arching to the outer. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316063, comes from Ecuador without 
specific locality designation. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 
5.2 mm., greater diameter, 16.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.8 mm. 

The strong 2-keeled aspect of the shell readily differentiates this 
from the other two species. 


BUCKLEYIA MARTINEZI (Hidalgo) 
Puate 19, Figures 19-21 


1866. Cyclophorus martinezi Hmateo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 273, pl. 8, fig. 5. 

1872. Aperostoma (Buckleyia) montezumi Hicerns, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
1872, p. 686, pl. 56, fig. 7. 

1873. Buckleya martinezi Mousson, Malakoz. Blatter, vol. 21, p. 17. 

Shell disk shaped, concave on both the upper and lower surface, 
sides olive-green with paler axial bands; these vary considerably in 
width and spacing. The nucleus consists of a fraction of a turn and 
is smooth. This is followed by a spirally lirate portion, which in 
turn is succeeded by a part bearing 4 strong keels, which are of about 
equal strength and spacing. Two of these are on each side of the 
periphery and the other two separated from them by a space as wide 
as the one that separates these two keels, one above and the other 
below on the base. The spaces between these keels are concave and 
marked by several fine spiral threads and rather strong threadlike 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 153 


incremental lines. Between the suture and the first strong keel, a 
little nearer to the latter, there is another spiral thread on the dorsal 
surface, which is materially stronger than the fine spiral hairlines cov- 
ering the rest of the whorl in this region. Of these fine spiral hair- 
lines, 19 are present between the suture and the stronger thread 
and 17 between that and the first strong keel, in the specimen which 
we are figuring. On the ventral side there is also a median stronger 
thread corresponding to one on the upper side and between this 
and the suture 19 spiral hairlines are present, while the space be- 
tween this and the first strong keel bears 15 spiral hairlines. The 
suture is strongly channeled on both the upper and the lower surface, 
and shows the spiral keel. Aperture circular; peristome simple, 
rendered fluted on the peripheral side. Operculum with central 
nucleus, many whorls with the outer edge of the later whorls up- 
turned and projecting as flakelike elements. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 420868, bears 
the locality label “Ecuador.” It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 
7.5 mm.; greater diameter, 24.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.9 mm. 

The four strong keels readily differentiate this from the other spe- 
cies here discussed. 


BUCKLEYIA BIFASCIATA Mousson 
PLatge 19, Ficures 16-18 


1873. Buckleya bifiasciata Mousson, Malak. Blitter, vol. 21, p. 17. 

1875. Buckleya bifasciata PretrrEer, Nov. Conch., vol. 4, p. 132, pl. 129, figs. 15-18. 

1876. Cyclophorus bifasciata Pretrrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum vViven- 
tium, vol. 4, p. 122. 

1897. Buckleyia bifasciata Kosett and M6LLENDorFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. 
Ges., vol. 29, p. 189. 

Shell disk shaped, concave on both the upper and lower surface, 
of olivaceous ground color, marked with darker spiral zones of vary- 
ing width. There are two broad paler bands at some little distance 
above and below the periphery, which are edged with darker zones, 
which consist of a series of interrupted elongated beadlike elements. 
The ground color is not uniform but has a marbled effect. The 
nuclear whorls consist of a smooth fraction of a turn followed by a por- 
tion bearing spiral hairlines and this in turn is succeeded by whorls that 
have 4 low rounded cords (not keels), the space between the two 
central ones being wider than that which separates the two adjacent 
to these. The central ones are equally distant from the periphery. 
Between the central ones 8 spiral threads are present, while between 
the two cords on the dorsal surface 5 spiral threads are present. 
The rest of the dorsal surface also bears spiral threads, of which 
13 are present on the anterior half of the turns, while on the pos- 


154 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


terior half they are obsolete. On the ventral surface 7 fine spiral lines 
are present between the two cords and 12 on the anterior third of the 
rest of the whorls, while posterior to this the spiral sculpture is 
obsolete. Suture well impressed, showing the spiral cord. Aperture 
almost circular, slightly compressed dorsoventrally ; peristome simple. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 414156, was 
collected by H. Damel at Jerico, Antioquia, Colombia. It has 4.4 
whorls and measures: Height, 7.5 mm.; greater diameter, 23 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 17 mm. 

The weaker keels and the two strong color bands readily distinguish 
this species from B. martinezi (Hidalgo). 


LAGOCYCLUS, new genus 


Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid shape, with spiral striations or 
lirations. There is a notch in the peristome at the junction of the 
inner and basal lip, which becomes bridged over behind the peristome 
to form a conspicuous keel extending over all the whorls. 

Type: Lagocyclus crosseanus (Hidalgo). 

Distribution: Ecuador and Peru. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LAGOCYCLUS 


Strong spiral threads present on last whorl. 
Subperipheral spiral threads present. 


Spiral..cords Strong van reg rl ais se oe eee antoni 

Spiral cords weak and irrerular=- =) 22) eee haematommus 

Subperipheral spiral threads absent==—===22—=="=s2— 272) = crosseanus 
Strong spiral threads absent on last whorl. 

Shell larce, jereater diameter s0!Gumm == ees ee eee vasconesi 

Shell smaller) greater) diameter 20:0 mm=) 20sec bartletti 


LAGOCYCLUS ANTONI (Cousin) 
PLATE 20, Figures 6-8 


1887. Cyclophorus antonii Cousin, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1887, p. 85, pl. 4, fig. 4. 


Shell rather small, covered with an olivaceous epidermis; when this 
is denuded the shell is soiled white on the last turn, the rest of the 
turns being rosy red. The nucleus consists of about one turn, which is 
smooth. The postnuclear whorls are marked by spiral cords of which 
7 are present on the next to the last whorl and 8 on the last. On 
this there is also a finer thread between the heavier cords. In addi- 
tion to this, the spire is marked by fine incremental lines. Suture 
moderately impressed. Periphery rounded. Base somewhat inflated, 
well rounded, and marked with 8 spiral cords equaling those of the 
spire immediately below the periphery, and a broad heavy keel mark- 
ing the outer edge of the umbilicus. The arched space between this 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 155 


keel and the spiral cords is marked by obsolete spiral threads and 
coarse incremental lines. The spiral keel marking the outer edge of 
the umbilicus terminates in a notch at the peristome. The umbilicus 
is moderately broad and open to the tip. Its wall is marked by rib- 
like incremental lines. Aperture somewhat oblique, almost circular ; 
peristome simple, notched at the umbilical cord, the parietal wall 
covered with a moderately thick callus. Operculum unknown. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 528512, was 
received from Sowerby & Fulton with the locality label “Ecuador.” 
It has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 11 mm.; greater diameter, 18.7 
mm.; lesser diameter, 13.9 mm. 

The presence of spiral cords below the periphery readily distin- 
guishes this species from L. crosseanus (Hidalgo). 


LAGOCYCLUS HAEMATOMMA (Pfeiffer) 


PLATE 20, FiauRES 1-3; PLATE 41, FicurEs 1-3 


1862. Cyclophorus haematomma P¥etrrerR, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 276. 

1863. Cyclophorus haematomma Prrtrrer, Noy. Conch., vol. 2, p. 217, pl. 57, figs. 
12-14. 

1897. Amphicyclotus haematomma Kosett and MOLLenpDorFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

1912. Amphicyclotus haematomma Kose.t, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 924, pl. 188, figs. 10-12. 

Shell helicoid, the early whorls bright brown, gradually fading to 
flesh color on the last turn. The nucleus consists of about one turn, 
which is well rounded and smooth. The first postnuclear whorl is 
also rounded and smooth, but the succeeding turns are well rounded 
and marked by spiral threads which vary considerably in size. Of 
these 7 are present on the third and fourth turns and 15 between the 
summit and the periphery on the last whorl. In addition to this the 
upper surface is marked by regular lines of growth which lend it a 
somewhat rough aspect. Suture moderately well impressed. Periph- 
ery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded. The 
posterior third is marked by 4 strong spiral cords equaling those on 
the spire. Anterior to this there are microscopic spiral lines. There 
is a strong axial keel marking the outer edge of the umbilicus and 
sightly notching the aperture. The umbilical wall is marked by 
coarse lines of growth. Aperture oblique, subcircular, slightly 
auriculated at the posterior angle and notched at the basal cord. The 
peristome is slightly thickened on the inner lip. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 536032, is marked 
“Ecuador,” without specific locality. It has 5.4 whorls and measures: 
Height, 14.6 mm.; greater diameter, 20.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.4 
mm. Height of aperture, 8.4 mm.; diameter, 8.5 mm. 


156 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


L. haematomma is nearest related to ZL. antoni (Cousin), from 
which its finer, irregular spiral threads readily distinguish it. 


LAGOCYCLUS CROSSEANUS (Hidalgo) 
PLATE 20, Ficurres 9-11 


1866. Cyclophorus crosseanus Hipareo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 348, pl. 14, 
fig. 1. 

1897. ERE Ee crosseanus KoBeLt, Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, 
p. 139. 

Shell of helicoid outline, covered with an clive-brown periostracum, 
white when this is removed, the basal portion being considerably 
darker than the spire. There is also a subperipheral chestnut-brown 
band present, which gradually fades toward the base. The nucleus 
consists of about one turn and is smooth. The postnuclear whorls are 
marked by spiral cords, of which 7 are present on the first and second, 
8 on the third, and 12 on the last whorl between the summit and the 
periphery. These cords are a little less strong near the summit and 
stronger at the periphery. In addition to this the spire is marked 
by fine incremental lines. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery 
rendered angulated by a spiral cord. Base strongly rounded and 
marked by incremental lines only. There is a strong spiral keel at 
the outer edge of the umbilicus, which terminates in a notch at the 
peristome. Umbilicus moderately broadly openly umbilicated, its 
wall marked by almost riblike incremental lines. Aperture slightly 
oblique, circular; peristome simple, except the notch referred to above; 
parietal wall covered with a thin callus. Operculum corneous. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307412, was re- 
ceived from Sowerby and Fulton with the locality label “Ecuador.” 
It has 5.2 whorls and measures: Height, 14.7 mm.; greater diameter, 
22.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.0 mm. 

This species is readily distinguished from Z. antoni (Cousin) by 
lacking the spiral threads on the posterior base. 


LAGOCYCLUS VASCONESI (Jousseaume) 
PLATE 20, FrcurES 12-14 


1897. Cyclophorus vesconesi JOUSSEAUME, Le Naturaliste, vol. 19, p. 250. 
1898. Cyclophorus vasconesi JOUSSEAUME, Le Naturaliste, vol. 20, p. 81 (cor- 


rection). 
1899. Amphicyclotus vesconesi KopeLT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen 


malak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136. 

Shell of helicoid outline, covered with a chestnut-brown periostra- 
cum on the later turns; the early turns are reddish. It is a little 
paler on the underside than on the spire, and there is a light zone at 
the periphery bordered by a moderately broad dark band anterior to 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA kez 


this. In addition there are obscure darker spiral lines on the upper 
whorls. The nucleus consists of about one smooth turn followed by 
whorls which bear 5 moderately strong spiral cords, which are of 
equal strength and spacing. The space between the first of these and 
the summit is about three times as wide as that separating the cords. 
On the last whorl, however, these spiral cords disappear. In addition 
to this the shell is marked by incremental lines. Suture moderately 
impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moderately convex, marked 
by incremental lines only. <A strong spiral cord limits the umbilicus 
at its outer edge, terminating in a notch at the peristome. The um- 
bilicus is moderately broad, and its wall is marked by riblike incre- 
mental lines. Aperture slightly oblique, almost circular, produced 
into an angle at the posterior angle and notched at the base of the 
columella; peristome simple. Operculum unknown. 

The specimen described and figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No. 
316107, bearing the locality label “Ecuador.” It has 5.4 whorls and 
measures: Height, 22.5 mm.; greater diameter, 30.6.mm.; lesser 
diameter, 23.2 mm. 

The large size readily distinguishes this species from L. bartletti 
(H. Adams). 


LAGOCYCLUS BARTLETTI (H. Adams) 
PLATE 20, Ficures 4, 5 


1870. Aperostoma bartletti H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 375, pl. 27, 
figs. 1, la. 
1876. Cyclotus bartletti Premrrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 


vol. 4, p. 35. 
1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) bartietti KoseLr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 


deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 
1928. Poteria (Neocyclotus) bartletti H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 32. 

Shell depressed, broadly umbilicated, solid, closely plicately striate, 
yellowish white below the epidermis with a white band at the suture. 
Spire moderately elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, moderately 
convex, the last with a prominent rib bounding the umbilicus; 
aperture oblique, subcircular, white within; peristome continuous, 
simple, subacute, angulatedly produced above, canaliculate at the 
columellar end. Operculum? Height, 14 mm.; greater diameter, 21 
mm.; lesser diameter, 19 mm. 

As we have not seen shells of this species, we copy Adams’ figure 
and give a translation of his description. 

It was collected by E. Bartlett in eastern Peru. 


FILOCYCLUS, new genus 


Shell helicoid, marked by feeble spiral grooves and quite strong 
incremental lines. The umbilical wall bears two strong spiral keels. 
4283494911 


158 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Type: Filocyclus delphinulus (Mousson). 
Distribution: Northern South America. 


FILOCYCLUS DELPHINULUS (Mousson) 
PuatTe 19, Fiaures 10-12 


1869. Cyclophorus delphinulus Mousson, Malak. Blatter, vol. 16, p. 180. 

1875. Cyclophorus delphinulus PrrtIrrER, Nov. Conch., vol. 4, p. 1380, pl. 129, 
figs. 7-10. 

1897. Amphicyclotus delphinulus Koserr and MOitenporrr, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

1912. Amphicyclotus delphinulus Kopett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 915, pl. 184, figs. 1-4. 

Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed-subdiscoid, spirally indis- 
tinctly suleate, whitish, with two bands, one above and the other below 
the suture, which are dark brown and shining, and another chalky 
zone below the suture. Spire elevated, the tip rather prominent and 
horn colored. Suture subappressed, not deep. Whorls 5.5, increas- 
ing moderately in size, quite convex, flattened or subconcave at the 
suture; the last not descending, slightly concave above, then rounded, 
not angulated, with the two cords on the umbilical wall, the space 
between which is flattish and axially striate. Aperture scarcely 
oblique, subcircular, angulated above, showing the banding within. 
Peristome straight, acute, the margins approximated and joined by 
a thin callus; the outer lip arched and protracted, angulated at the 
posterior angle. The basal and columellar lip subsinuate, somewhat 
obtuse. Umbilicus broadly open, equaling one-half the diameter of 
the shell. Operculum corneous, thin, a little concave with closely 
spaced ragged whorls. Height, 12 mm.; greater diameter, 20 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 17 mm. 

The above is a translation of Mousson’s description, to which he 
adds: This species, for which we unfortunately have no definite 
locality, resembles the peculiar C. cwmingi Sowerby, but it is smaller 
and has somewhat higher whorls but what peculiarly distinguishes 
it from that is the coloring and sculpture. The first consists of a 
soiled white base upon which 2 blackish brown shining zones are 
present, the upper of which is more distantly removed from the 
suture than is the case in cwmingt. A chalk-white dull band is present 
immediately below the suture, and the rest of the upper white sur- 
face is dull. The entire surface is crossed by delicate spiral grooves 
which are scarcely discernible on the dark bands. The whorls curve 
slightly downward at the summit, toward the suture; and finally 
the umbilical wall shows two threadlike cords separated by a flat or 
slightly convex space. All the dull portion, particularly in the 
region of the umbilicus, is marked by strong incremental lines. C. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 159 


cumingi, on the other hand, is marked on the entire upper surface 
with equally strong spiral grooves which decrease in both directions 
from the periphery, and form no cords on the umbilical wall. 

The shells described by Mousson were collected by Gustav Wallis 
in northern South America. He collected in parts of Colombia, 
Ecuador, and the Amazon region, according to Mousson’s introductory 
remarks. We have seen nothing like it. The spiral cords in the 
umbilicus in a measure suggest Lagocyclus, which has only a single 
keel. 

Genus CALAPEROSTOMA Pilsbry 


1935. Calaperostoma Piuspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 87, p. 4. 


Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, spirally banded, having 
spiral threads on spire and base, but not on the umbilical wall. 
Operculum corneous, with the outer edge of the whorls upturned, 
more or less regular, and marked by hairlike radial threads. 

OQ. hidalgoi (Crosse) has the radula formula 3:3:3:2, and the jaw 
is without a median projection. 

Type: Calaperostoma cumingi (Sowerby). 

Distribution: Panama to Peru. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALAPEROSTOMA ? 


Spiral sculpture of last whorl strong. 
Posterior angle of aperture decidedly auriculate. 
Shell large, greater diameter 48 mm-_--_--_-___~_- _____. esmeraldense 
Shell smaller, greater diameter 32 mm_____--___________- rosenbergi 
Posterior angle of aperture not auriculated. 
Spiral keels evenly distributed on spire. 


Spiral keels on upper surface of last whorl 5-__--_ guayaquilense 
Spiral keels on upper surface of last whorl more 
than 10. 
Shell very large, diameter more than 45 mm-____-____- purum 


Shell smaller, diameter less than 35 mm. 
Suture impressed. 
Greater diameter more than 25 mm. 


chanchapoyasense 
Greater diameter less than 20 mm___-__---_ bourcieri 
Suture} not impresseds2a. = kis een es eres pittieri 

Spiral keels not evenly distributed on spire. 
Greater diameter more than 35 mm-_-__-_--- Sa Stee nigrofasciatum 
Greateridiametenvdess tham loam as. seas eee leai 

Spiral sculpture of last whorl not strong. 
Umbilicus axially ribbed. 

Greater diameter more than 40 mm__--_------______--____-_- cousini 
Greater diamecer less thane oO a= nee ee hidalgoi 
himbpilicusenol axially: ribbedeweee asses. o2 2s ie ee eee ee cumingi 


1Q. orbignyi (Ancey) from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, is not included in this key 
because of insufficient data. 


160 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
CALAPEROSTOMA ESMERALDENSE (Miller) 


PLATE 20, Ficure 18 


1879. Cyclophorus esmeraldensis Miter, Malak. Bliitter, new ser. vol. 1, p. 142, 
pl. 15, fig. 3. 

1897. Amphicyclotus esmeraldensis KopeLt and MOLiLeNporFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

1912. Amphicyclotus esmeraldensis Kopett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabi- 
net, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 920, pl. 138, fig. 2. 

Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, solid, white, reddish at the 
apex. Base pearly. Periostracum dark chestnut. Spire conic, little 
elevated. Whorls 5.5, or possibly 6, convex, the first 3.5 smooth, the 
following finely striated above and deeply impressedly sulcate at the 
periphery, with a broad smooth band at the suture. The base about 
the funnel-shaped umbilicus is axially plicate. The last whorl is 
subcompressed above and rounded on the base. Aperture oblique, 
not descending, transversely elliptical, broadly incised above (sinuous) 
with the outer lip produced and depressed; peristome simple, moder- 
ately thick and continuous. Operculum? 

The type was collected by Wolf in the Province of Esmeraldas, 
Ecuador. It measures: Height, 22 mm.; greater diameter, 48 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 40 mm. 

To the above, which is a translation of Miller’s Latin description, 
Miller adds: The single specimen was discovered by Wolf in the drift 
of the Rio Cachabi. It had evidently been derived from the more ele- 
vated forests. The periostracum is only partly present on the upper 
side. It is therefore impossible to say what the color of the almost 
smooth band below the suture, which is marked only by lines of 
growth, may have been. The underside may have been paler. There 
was no operculum with it. 

Miller’s figure shows that the aperture is drawn out into a decided 
auricle at the posterior angle, in which respect it resembles most 
nearly C. rosenbergi (Da Costa). 

We have not seen specimens referable to this species. 


CALAPEROSTOMA ROSENBERGI (Da Costa) 
PLATE 20, FiguRES 15-17 


1898. Cyclophorus rosenbergi Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 3, p. 
SA DisiG; fee Oo: 

1899. Amphicyclotus rosenbergi Kosett and MOLLENDorFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 31, p. 136. 

1912. Amphicyclotus rosenbergi Kosett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 924, pl. 138, figs. 13-15. 


Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed-orbicular, burned chestnut 
above, yellowish chestnut below. Spire depressed-conic; apex 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 161 


smooth. Whorls 5, flattened near the suture, marked above by 
rounded plicate corrugations and rounded narrow spiral lirations. 
The last whorl is obtusely angulated at the periphery, smooth about 
the umbilicus. Aperture obliquely circular; peristome simple, pro- 
foundly sinuated at the suture. Operculum corneous with closely 
spaced whorls which are ragged at the periphery. Height, 20 mm.; 
greater diameter, 32 mm.; lesser diameter, 25 mm. 

The type came from Cachabi, Ecuador. 

The above is a translation of Da Costa’s description. He adds: 
“A very interesting shell, distinguished from any other species of 
this genus, in that it has at the juncture of the aperture and the 
last whorl a deep sinuation, similar in character to that of Ptero- 
cyclos, the upper surface of the shell resembles that of 0. Vesconesi, 
also from Ecuador, and described by M. Jousseaume in Le Natural- 
iste for November 1897 but it differs in the form of the umbilicus 
as well as in the sinuation which forms a peculiar feature in the new 
species. I have much pleasure in naming it after Mr. Rosenberg, 
its discoverer.” 

We have not seen specimens of this species. Da Costa’s figure 
shows the aperture drawn out to form a decided auricle at the poste- 
rior angle, in which respect it resembles C. esmeraldense (Miller), 
from which its much smaller size will at once distinguish it. 


CALAPEROSTOMA GUAYAQUILENSE (Sowerby) 
Pate 20, Ficure 19 


1850. Cyclostoma guayaquilense SowerBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, 
Suppl., p. 163*, pl. 31B, fig. 219. 

1852. Cyclophorus guayaquilensis PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum 
viventium, vol. 1, p. 95. 

1861. Cyclophorus guayaquilensis REEVE, Conchologia iconica, vol. 13, sp. 79. 

1897. Amphicyclotus guayaquilensis Kopetr and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb, deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

1912. Amphicyclotus guayaquilensis Koprett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchlien Cabi- 
net, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 931, pl. 42, figs. 21-22. 

“Shell depressedly subglobose, of a dull fulvous colour, with brown 
spiral lines; spire slightly acuminated, short, with a rather obtuse 
rufous apex; volutions four, rounded; suture distinct; aperture cir- 
cular; peritreme thin; umbilicus large, smooth, only marked with 
extremely slender lines of growth. Guayaquil.” 

This is a small species with very strong spiral keels, of which 
Sowerby’s figure shows 3 between the summit and periphery on the 
last whorl. 

We have not seen specimens of it. 


162 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


CALAPEROSTOMA PURUM (Forbes) 


PLATE 20, Ficures 20, 21 


1850. Cyclostoma purum Forses, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, p. 56, pl. 9, fig. 9. 


Shell orbicular, depressed, white, somewhat shining. The apex is 
slightly reflected, yellowish. Whorls 6, rounded, spirally sulcate. 
Sulci numerous, transversely striate. Aperture subcircular, oblique. 
Peritreme simple. Umbilicus very broad. Operculum? 

Height, 17 mm.; greater diameter, 48 mm. 

Forbes does not cite a locality with his description. In his intro- 
duction he says that the specimens he described were obtained during 
the surveying voyage of the Harald and Pandora, which covered 
various points between the coast of Ecuador and Vancouver Island, 
Galapagos, and Pitcairn Islands, and the Sandwich Islands. 

The character of the shell would mark it as a South American 
species. 

Its large size and depressed form readily distinguish it from the 
other members of the genus. 

We have seen no specimens of this species and give Forbes’ descrip- 
tion and reproduce his figure. 


CALAPEROSTOMA CHANCHAPOYASENSE (Da Costa) 
PLATE 21, FicurEs 4-6 


1906. Amphicyclotus chanchapoyasensis Da Cosra, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 
vol. 7, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 11-18. 

1912. Amphicyclotus chanchopoyasensis Kopett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien 
Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 916, pl. 134, figs. 16-18. 

Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a wood-brown periostracum. 
The spiral cords and the axial riblets at irregular distances are dark 
brown, thus giving to the surface of the shell a somewhat fenestrated 
appearance. The nucleus consists of about one smooth turn, which is 
followed by whorls that show low rounded raised spiral threads, of 
which 9 are present on the next to the last whorl and 12 between 
the summit and the suture on the last whorl. In addition to these 
spiral threads the whorls are marked by strong incremental lines, 
which are almost riblike in places, as well as by finer lines of growth. 
Suture strongly impressed, almost channeled. Periphery strongly 
rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by 12 spiral 
cords, which grow successively weaker from the periphery toward 
the umbilicus. The umbilical wall shows very feeble spiral threads. 
In addition to this the entire base and umbilical wall are marked by 
axial sculpture resembing that of the spire. Base very broadly 
openly umbilicated, showing all the whorls. Aperture oblique, cir- 
cular, somewhat protracted at the posterior angle; peristome simple. 
Operculum with central nucleus having about 12 whorls, the upturned 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 163 


edge of which is raggedly fringed; the elements composing it are 
retractively striate. 

U. S. N. M. No. 250743 contains 2 specimens, received from 
Herman Rolle, bearing the label “Chanchamayo, Peru.” They have, 
respectively, 5.4 and 5.2 whorls, and measure: Height, 15.5 and 15.3 
mm.; greater diameter, 27.0 and 24.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 21.3 
and 18.3 mm., respectively. 

This species appears nearest related to C. bourciert (Pfeiffer), 
from which it can be readily distinguished by its much coarser 
sculpture and larger size. 


CALAPEROSTOMA BOURCIERI (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 21, Ficures 1-3 


1852. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) bourcieri PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
1852, p. 151. 

1852. Cyclophorus bourcierit Pretrrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- 
tium, vol. 1, p. 95. 

1853. Cyclostoma bourcieri Prerer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 243, pl. 32, figs. 5-7. 

1861. Cyclophorus bourcieri Reve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 13, sp. 74. 

1897. Amphicyclotus bourcieri Kosett and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189. 

Shell small, depressed-helicoid, pale chestnut-brown, a little darker 
on the spiral threads and some of the axial ribs. The extreme apex 
has a faint reddish tinge. The nucleus consists of about one smooth 
turn; the succeeding turns are marked by low, rounded, rather broad 
spiral threads, of which 8 are present between the summit and the 
periphery. These spiral threads are less strong near the summit 
and gradually increase in strength toward the periphery. The axial 
sculpture consists of strong incremental lines, which assume almost 
the strength of riblets. Suture strongly impressed, almost channeled. 
Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, 
and marked by the continuation of the incremental lines which here 
are a little less strong than on the spire and spiral threads which are 
quite feeble and absent on the umbilical wall. The umbilicus equals 
about one-third of the diameter of the shell. Aperture decidedly 
oblique, slightly protracted at the posterior angle; peristome simple, 
with a strong callus covering the parietal wall. Operculum with 
central nucleus, concave on the outside and convex on the inside, 
with a slender knob on the center of the inside. The outside shows 
about 10 whorls, the outer edge of which is slightly fringed. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307411 contains 2 specimens from Quito, Ecuador. 
They are of about the same size; the one figured has 4.5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 11.9 mm.; greater diameter, 18.5 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 14.3 mm. 


164 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The impressed suture allies this species with C. chanchapoyasense 
(Da Costa), from which the smaller size and feebler sculpture will 
readily distinguish it. 


CALAPEROSTOMA PITTIERI, new species 


PLATE 21, F1icuREsS 7-9 


Shell depressed-helicoid; color of periostracum? The denuded shell 
is white, the early whorls reddish. The nucleus consists of a little more 
than one smooth turn, the succeeding turns being marked by spiral 
cords, which are of almost equal strength and spacing. Of these, 16 
are present between the summit and the suture on the last two turns. 
The spaces separating these cords are considerably wider than the 
cords. In addition to this the whorls are marked by fine, closely spaced, 
hairlike incremental lines. Suture rendered inconspicuous by the 
appressed summit. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat inflated, 
strongly rounded and marked by 17 spiral cords equaling those on the 
spire. In addition to the spiral cords the base also shows the incre- 
mental lines equaling those on the spire. The umbilicus is broadly 
open and marked by riblike incremental lines and is free from spiral 
cords. Aperture decidedly oblique, subcircular, feebly auriculated at 
the posterior angle; peristome simple, that of the parietal wall covered 
with a thick callus. Operculum ? 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523518, was collected by H. Pittier in 
Panama. It has 6 whorls and measures: Height, 18.0 mm.; greater 
diameter, 32.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 24.4 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 228670 contains 4 topotypes, the smallest of which 
measures : Height, 15.9 mm.; greater diameter, 27.3 and lesser diameter, 
10.3 mm., and has 5.8 whorls. The largest has 6 whorls and measures: 
Height, 20.1 mm.; greater diameter, 33.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 26.3 mm. 

This species differs from C. bourciert (Pfeiffer) in being much 
larger and in having the summit of the whorls appressed. 


CALAPEROSTOMA NIGROFASCIATUM (Miller) 
PLATE 21, Ficures 13-15 


1879. Cyclophorus nigrofasciatus Mitimr, Malak. Bliitter, new ser. vol. 1, p. 142, 
pl. 7, fig. 5. 

1897. Amphicyclotus nigrofasciatus Koper and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

1912. Amphicyclotus nigrofasciatus Koper, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet. 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 921, pl. 138, figs. 3-5. 


Shell rather large, helicoid. When decorticated white with the early 
whorls rose-red. In the specimen before us some of the periostracum 
remains and shows the broad dark chestnut brown band a little dis- 
tance below the summit and a narrow thread covering the rib immedi- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 165 


ately below the periphery. A few indications near the aperture would 
lead us to believe that in perfect specimens all the spiral threads are 
darker than the ground color. The sculpture consists of strongly 
raised narrow spiral cords, which are not regularly distributed, but 
which are absent on the posterior half between the summit and the 
periphery. On the anterior half in the specimen figured 8 keels are 
present, which are not quite of equal spacing and are separated by 
deeply impressed concave grooves. The summit of the whorls is 
appressed; the suture therefore is inconspicuous. Periphery well 
rounded. Base inflated, well rounded and marked by 13 spiral keels 
of about the same strength and spacing as those on the spire. The 
last three near the edge of the umbilicus are very weak, while the spaces 
separating these keels are concave and, like those on the spire, marked 
by numerous hairlike incremental lines. The umbilicus is broad and 
its wall is marked by riblike axial incremental lines. Aperture broadly 
ovate, narrowly protracted at the posterior angle; peristome thin, 
rendered slightly fluted on the outer and basal lip by the ribs on the 
outside. Operculum corneous with central nucleus and with the 
lamella fimbriated at the outer margin. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 523514, was col- 
lected by Oscar Haught on the road between Quevedo and Quito, 
Ecuador, at an altitude of about 500 meters. It has 6 whorls and 
measures: Height, 21.0 mm.; greater diameter, 36.8 mim.; lesser diam- 
eter, 27.3 mm. 

It belongs to the group of C. Jeaz, from which its much larger size 
will readily distinguish it. 


CALAPEROSTOMA LEAI, new name 
PLATE 21, FiaurREs 17-19 


1834. Cyclostoma striata LEA, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 5, p. 196, pl. 19, 
fig. 77 (not C. striatum Sowerby, A catalogue of the shells contained in 


the collection of the ... Harl of Tankerville, p. 41, 1825; or C. striata 
Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage de la corvette l’Asirolabe ..., Zool. vol. 2, p. 
186, 18382). 


Shell depressed-helicoid of whitish ground color with spiral bands 
of brown. ‘These dark bands consist of a broad zone at some little 
distance from the summit and the tops of the spiral cords. The early 
whorls are rose colored. The nucleus consists of about 2 smooth turns; 
the remaining whorls are marked by strong spiral cords excepting the 
white zone near the summit, which is free of them. The dark zone 
below this has 4 feeble cords, and anterior to this 6 additional much 
stronger cords are present. In addition to this the spire is marked 
by decidedly retractively curved, rather coarse incremental lines. 
Suture inconspicuous. Periphery rendered slightly angulated by the 


166 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


spiral keel. Base well rounded and marked by 14 subequal spiral 
keels, which are of about the same strength and spacing as those on 
the spire, and by the continuation of the incremental lines. Umbilicus 
moderately broad, marked by rather strong, riblike incremental lines. 
Aperture oblique, broadly oval; peristome simple, thin. Operculum 
corneous with central nucleus, the outer having the outer whorl 
upturned and fimbriated. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 104651, is Lea’s type of which 
he says: 

“This shell was brought by Lt. Humphreys from South America.” 
It has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height, 14.4 mm.; greater diameter, 
22.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.38 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 104652 contains three additional specimens collected 
by Cuming at Jumaco, western Colombia. U.S.N.M. No. 535747 con- 
tains another specimen without locality data. 

In banding this species recalls C. nigrofasctatwm (Miller), from 
which its small size will at once distinguish it. 


CALAPEROSTOMA COUSINI (Jousseaume) 
PLATE 21, FIGURE 16 


1884. Cyclophorus cousini JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884, p. 178, pl. 4, 
fig. 13. 

1897. Usmphibiclattie cousini KoBELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak., 
Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

1912. Amphicyclotus cousini KoBett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 
1, sect. 19, part 3, p. 929, pl. 141, fig. 1. 

Shell openly umbilicated, depressed-helicoid, rather heavy with 
traces of a chestnut brown periostracum, whitish. Upper whorls red- 
dish, smooth; those succeeding marked with more or less spiral sculp- 
ture. The last has a broad shining white zone immediately below the 
suture, upon which most of the periostracal remnants are conserved, 
marked by spiral cords and axial riblets in the umbilicus. The shell 
has 6 whorls, of which the upper increase regularly in size; the last 
increases rapidly in size and is decurrent at the aperture. Aperture 
almost circular, somewhat compressed dorsally, forming a slight 
auricle at the posterior angle, shining, thin; peristome smooth, thick, 
slightly effuse, with a marked callus on the parietal wall. Height: 
23 mm.; greater diameter, 43 mm.; lesser diameter, 35 mm. 

Type locality: Near Pailon, Esmeraldas, Ecuador. 

We have not seen this species and have given a translation of 
Jousseaume’s description from Kobelt’s citation (loc. cit.) and have 
copied Kobelt’s figure. 

The strong ribbing on the umbilical wall allies this with C. hzdalgoi 
(Crosse), from which it is readily distinguished by its much larger 
size. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 167 
CALAPEROSTOMA HIDALGOI (Crosse) 
PLATE 21, Fieures 10-12 


1866. Cyclophorus hidalgoi Crossr, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 354, pl. 14 fig. 4. 
1897. Amphicyclotus hidalgoi Koprtt and MO6LLENpoRFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189. 

Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a chestnut- 
brown periostracum, a little paler on the early whorls. Nuclear 
whorls almost 2, smooth; the succeeding turns well rounded and 
marked by low, rounded spiral cords, of which 8 are present on the 
penultimate turn. These cords disappear on the last half of the 
last turn. They are a little narrower than the spaces that separate 
them, and the first is at a little distance below the summit. The axial 
sculpture consists of coarse incremental lines, which are almost rib- 
like. Those on the last whorl near the summit produce a series of 
feeble elongated nodules. Periphery well rounded. Base well 
rounded and marked by 8 weak, very low spiral cords, which are 
separated by mere impressed darker lines. The umbilicus is broad 
and its wall is marked by strong axial ribs. Aperture subcircular, 
oblique, slightly angulated at the posterior angle, bluish white 
within; peristome simple. Operculum corneous, with central nu- 
cleus, concave externally with a central papillus on the inside. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 316184, is one 
from the Cuming collection from New Granada (Colombia). It has 
5 whorls and measures: Height, 15.2 mm.; greater diameter, 25.9 
mm.; lesser diameter, 19.4 mm. 

This species resembles @. cousini (Jousseaume) by having the spiral 
sculpture on the upper surface evanescent on the last turn, and by 
having the umbilical wall axially ribbed; it differs from it in being 
much smaller. 

CALAPEROSTOMA CUMINGI (Sowerby) 


PLATE 21, FicurEs 20-22 


1832. Cyclostoma cumingii SowrrBy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 32. 

1842. Cyclostoma cumingii Reeve, Conchologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 99, pl. 85, 
fig. 19. 

1843. Cyclostoma cumingii SowrrBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, p. 108, pl. 24, 
figs. 68, 69, 69*. 

1847. Cyclophorus cumingii Pretrrer, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 108 

1848. Cyclostoma cumingii Pretrrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 
1, sect. 19, p. 82, pl. 12, figs. 1-3. 

1897. Amphicyclotus cumingii Koprtr and MOLLEeNDorFr, Nachrb. deutschen 
Malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189. 

1985. Aperostoma (Calaperostoma) cumingii Pitspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, vol. 87, p. 4. 


Shell very large, depressed-helicoid, ground color soiled white; 
the early turns rose-red. There is a very broad chestnut-brown zone 


168 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


covering the upper surface of the whorls, except for a white band at 
the summit and at the suture. The nucleus consists of almost 2 turns, 
which are smooth. The postnuclear whorls are marked by spiral 
threads, of which 7 are present on the anterior half of the whorls; 
on the posterior half there are indications of more, but they gradu- 
ally evanesce toward the summit. On the last half of the last whorl 
they become completely obsolete. In addition to this there are micro- 
scopic spiral lirations. The incremental lines are decidedly oblique 
and moderately strong, and rather irregular on the last turn. Suture 
rendered inconspicuous by the appressed summit of the whorls. 
Periphery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, and 
marked by 13 spiral threads between the periphery and the edge of 
the umbilicus. These are decidedly stronger than those on spire and 
continue to the peristome. The base is broadly open and umbilicated 
and the umbilical wall is marked by incremental lines. Aperture 
broadly pear shaped, decidedly protracted at the posterior angle; peri- 
stome slightly reflected, simple. Operculum with central nucleus, 
slightly concave; the outer edge of the whorls is marked by lacinations, 
which are striated. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307420, comes 
from the Island of Tumaco, Colombia. It has 6.4 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 27 mm.; greater diameter, 45.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 
34.5 mm. 

The huge size of this species readily distinguishes it from the 
other members that have the spiral cords obsolete on the last turn. 


CALAPEROSTOMA ORBIGNYI (Ancey) 


1892. Cyclophorus orbignyi ANcEy, Journ. Conch., vol. 7, p. 94. 
1897. Amphicyclotus orbignyi KoseLr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb, deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189. 

Shell depressed-discoid, broadly openly umbilicated, solid, soiled 
white below a deciduous fulvous periostracum, reddish on the early 
turns, rough or shining. Spire slightly elevated, the apex small, 
inconspicuous. Whorls 5, increasing regularly and rapidly in size, 
convex. Suture deep, the first three whorls smooth, the following 
ones acutely lirate, the threads being prominent and regular and well 
elevated at the periphery and on the base: the upper vary and they 
increase by intercalation. The last whorl is cylindric, and slightly 
descending near the aperture. The umbilical wall is smooth or 
slightly lirate. The umbilicus is one-fourth of the diameter of the 
shell or a little larger. Aperture oblique, circular, angulated above; 
peristome continuous, simple, appressed to the preceding turn. Oper- 
culum corneous, thin, concave externally with the whorls closely 
spaced. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 169 


The type was collected by Germain at Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 
Bolivia. It measures: Height, 16 mm.; greater diameter, 21 mm. 

We have not seen this species. The above is a translation of 
Ancey’s description, to which he adds: “Its prominent lirae, dull 
colour and deciduous epidermis are its most striking characters.” 

Although quite different, it belongs to the group of C. cumingi 
(Sowerby). 

Genus CYRTOTOMA Morch 


1852. Cyrtotoma MorcH, Catalogus conchyliorum . . Comes de Yoldi, vol. 1, p. 40. 


Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline; the sculpture consists of 
hairlike riblets; the outer peristome is expanded and reflected. The 
peristome on the parietal wall may be almost entire or vary from this 
to deeply notched. The operculum is corneous with central nucleus, 
and the outer edge of the whorls is upturned. 

Type: Cyrtotoma mexicanum (Menke). 

Distribution : Southeastern Mexico. 

The radula formula of C. walkert (H. B. Baker) is 3: 3: 8:2, and 
the jaw has a median projection. The verge is situated on the right 
side of the neck and is traversed by a seminal groove only. It does 
not have a terminal appendage. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYRTOTOMA 


Subsutural thread present. 
Parietal notch conspicuous. 
Parietal notch broad and U-shaped. 


Peristome;decidedly tdouble*) =) ee See a a eee avus 
Peristome not decidedly double___-___________-_______ salleanum 
Parietal’ notch. V-shaped 22222 “=. 63 2 ys Pee Pe setletel ignotum 
Parietalanoteh Obselete== 2st a kee eee ae ie tL fischeri 
Subsutural thread absent. 
Parietal notch much deeper than wide_-____=---_-_--_-- palmeri 
Parietal notch not deeper than wide. 
Peristome strongly flaringly expanded____________________ mexicanum 
Peristome not strongly flaringly expanded. 
Greater diameter more than 20 mm_______-____________ goldmani 
Greater diameter less than 16 mm_____-_________________ walkeri 


CYRTOTOMA AVUS, new species 
PLATE 22, FIGURES 22-24 


Shell large, depressed helicoid, covered by a golden-brown perio- 
stracum, below which the last whorl of the shell is soiled white and 
the rest rosy tinged. The whorls are marked by coarse, retractively 
curved incremental lines; which on the last whorl almost form riblets. 
There is a spiral thread immediately below the rather deeply chan- 
neled suture. Periphery well rounded. Base strongly rounded, 


170 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


openly umbilicated, and marked by the incremental lines, which grow 
even stronger on the umbilical wall, which also shows some spiral 
lirations. Aperture circular, pale brown within; peristome expanded 
and reflected, forming an auricle at the posterior angle; the expanded 
portion is marked by concentric lines of growth, which give the im- 
pression of a double peristome. The notch on the parietal wall is 
rather shallow and openly U-shaped. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 128285, was collected in damp woods at 
Motzorongo, Veracruz, Mexico. It has lost the extreme nuclear tip; 
the 4 whorls remaining measure: Height, 18.6 mm.; greater diameter, 
32.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 23.8 mm. 

The huge size and heavily thickened peristome readily distinguish 
this from the other Cyrototomas having a spiral thread below the 
suture. 

CYRTGTOMA SALLEANUM (v. Martens) 


PLATE 22, FicurEes 19-21 


1865. Cyclophorus salleanus vy. MARTENS, Malak. Blitter, vol. 12, p. 151. 

1880. Habropoma salleanum FWiscHER and Crosse, Mission scientifique au Mexique 
et dans lAmérique Centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pl. 35, fig. 4. 

1886. Habropoma (Cyrtotoma) salleanum FISCHER and Crosse, ibid., pp. 128, 
133, pl. 88, fig. 1. 

1890. Cyclophorus (Cyrototoma) salleanus VON MARTENS, Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, p. 7. 

1897. Cyrtotoma salleanwm Kopsect and MOLLENporFr, Nachrb. deutschen malak. 
Ges., vol. 29, p. 140. 

1922. Cyrtotoma mexicanum salleanum H. B. BAKEr, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 106, p. 42, pl. 16, figs. 8-12. 

1928. Aperostoma mexicanum salleanum H. B. BAaKer, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 193, p. 51. 

Shell rather large, depressed-helicoid, covered by a dark straw-col- 
ored periostracum. The extreme nuclear tip has a pale orange tint; 
the interior of the aperture is bluish white. Nuclear whorls about 2.5, 
smooth. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked by slender, hair- 
like, retractively slanting, closely placed axial riblets. There is a feeble 
spiral cord at the summit. Suture narrowly channeled. Periphery 
well rounded. Base somewhat inflated, well rounded, and marked by 
the continuation of the axial riblets, which here are a little stronger 
than on the spire and still stronger than on the umbilical wall. The 
umbilicus is open and moderately broad. Aperture almost circular; 
peristome expanded and reflected, forming an auricle at the posterior 
angle. The notch on the parietal wall is U-shaped and rather deep. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 211098, is one of 
two collected by C. R. Orcutt at Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico. It has 6 
whorls and measures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 31.3 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 22 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 171 


Two additional lots in the collection of the National Museum come 
from Cordova: one from Antigua; one from Orizaba. Six lots are 
labeled merely “Mexico,” without specific locality. 

There is considerable variation in the size of this species. The small- 
est specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 331900, has 6 whorls and measures: Height, 
14 mm.; greater diameter, 21.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.7 mm. This 
is said to have been collected by Cuming; we have no locality label 
with it beyond that of Mexico. 

The deep notch and lesser size easily distinguish this species from 
C. avus. 

CYRTOTOMA IGNOTUM, new species 


PLATE 22, Fiaurus 16-18 


Shell helicoid, with rather elevated spire, covered with a pale straw- 
colored periostracum. Interior of peristome bluish white. Nuclear 
whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls some- 
what inflated, strongly rounded and marked by retractively slanting, 
hairlike axial riblets. The spaces separating these are two or three 
times as wide as the riblets. Suture deeply impressed by a feeble spiral 
thread on the summit of the whorl. Periphery well rounded. Base 
somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, marked by the continuation of 
the axial ribs, which pass over the umbilical wall, where they become a 
little stronger. Umbilicus broad, open. Aperture broadly oval, the 
long axis being between the notch and the junction of the basal and 
outer lip; peristome expanded and reflected, forming a slight auricle 
at the posterior angle. The callus on the parietal wall bears a deep 
V-shaped notch. Operculum typically cyrtotomid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523515, bears the label “Mexico,” without 
specific locality. It has 6 whorls and measures: Height, 17.5 mm.; 
greater diameter, 26.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 19 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 15068 contains another specimen from the same source, 
which is a little smaller and has 5.6 whorls and measures: Height, 13.7 
mm.; greater diameter, 22 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.8 mm. 

This species, while resembling C@. salleanwm (von Martens), can 
readily be distinguished from it by its more elevated spire and by the 
deep V-shaped instead of U-shaped sinus. 


CYRTOTOMA FISCHERI, new species 
PLATE 22, Ficurrs 13-15 
1880. Habropoma (Cyrtotoma) mexicanum FiscHER and Crossg, Mission scien- 


tifique au Mexique et daus l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pl. 35, fig. 5. 
1886. Habropoma mexicanum Fiscuer and Cross#, ibid., p. 130, in part. 


Shell moderately large, reddish orange colored except the last whorl, 
which is slightly paler; interior of aperture buff; peristome a little 


172 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


paler. The nucleus consists of about 2.5 well-rounded, smooth turns, 
forming a small apex. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded with 
a broad cord at the summit and an impressed area immediately ante- 
rior to this. The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather strong, 
retractively curved, axial riblets which are about as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded and marked by the 
continuation of the axial riblets which here are much weaker than on 
the spire. They are again slightly stronger on the umbilical wall. 
Aperture almost circular, slightly effuse at the junction of the basal 
and outer lip; peristome thickened, expanded, and reflected and 
marked by concentric lines of growth. The parietal wall has an obso- 
lete lunate notch. Operculum typically cyrtotomid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 515789, was collected by Dr. H. B. Baker at 
Hacienda Cuatotolapam, Veracruz, Mexico. It has 5.4 whorls and 
measures: Height, 17.0 mm.; greater diameter, 23.0 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 16.8mm. Height of aperture, 10.0 mm.; diameter, 11.0 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 515790 contains a paratype from the same source. 
U.S.N.M. No. 25011 contains 2 specimens merely labeled “Mexico,” 
which are referable here. 

This species can be differentiated from the other forms having a 
subsutural thread by the obsolete notch on the parietal wall. 


CYRTOTOMA PALMERI, new species 


PLATE 22, Ficures 1-3 


Shell depressed-helicoid; the type is soiled white, having lost its 
periostracum. Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth, forming 
a moderately small elevated apex. The postnuclear whorls are in- 
flated, strongly rounded, and marked by retractively slanting axial 
riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. 
These riblets gain in strength as the whorls increase in size. Suture 
strongly impressed. The last whorl solute for about one-tenth of a 
turn except the auricle at the posterior angle, which is adnate to the 
preceding whorl. Behind this there is a deep broad open space in the 
suture. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly openly umbilicated, 
marked by the continuation of the ribs, which are here somewhat wavy. 
The umbilicus is broad, and its wall is marked by axial ribs, but here 
they are weaker than on the base. Aperture broadly oval, with the long 
axis extending from the parietal wall to the junction of the basal and 
outer lip. Peristome very moderately expanded and reflected, adnate 
to the preceding turn at the posterior angle. There is a very profound 
sinus, which begins as a narrow slit near the edge of the peristome 
then widens into a circular opening at the posterior termination. The 
edge of this bulges inward and is somewhat thickened. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 173 


The type, U.S.N.M. No. 198079 was collected by Dr. Edward 
Palmer at Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, Mexico. It has 5.6 whorls 
and measures: Height, 14.4 mm.; greater diameter, 25.2 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 18.5 mm. 

The soluteness of the whorl a little distance behind the edge of 
the peristome and the exceedingly deeply incised tear-shaped sinus 
on the parietal wall readily distinguish this species from the other 
members of the genus that do not have a thread in the suture. 


CYRTOTOMA MEXICANUM (Menke) 
PLATE 22, FicuREs 46 


1830. Cyclostoma mexicanum MENKE, Synopsis methodica molluscorum, p. 133. 

1847. Aperostoma mevicanum TroscHEL, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44, 

1850. Cyclotus mexicanus Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shells 
in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 9. 

1852. Cyrtotoma mexicanum Morcw, Catalogus conchyliorum . . . Comes de 
Yoldi, vol. 1, p. 40. 

1864. Cyclotus mexicanus BINNEY, Bibliography of North American conchology, 
pt. 2, p. 122. 

1878. Aperostoma (Cyrtotoma) mexicanum NEviILL, Hand-list of Mollusca in 
the Indian Museum, vol. 1, p. 258. 

1886. Habropoma mewxicanum FiscHER and Crosser, Mission scientifique au 
Mexique et dans ]’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 130, in part. 

1890. Cyclophorus (Cyrtotoma) meaxicanus von MARTENS, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 7. 

Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a straw-colored periostra- 
cum. Nuclear whorls almost 2, small, well rounded. Postnuclear 
whorls well rounded, marked by rather rough, retractively slanting, 
somewhat irregular, rather strongly raised axial riblets. Suture 
deeply impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, 
marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which pass undimin- 
ished over the umbilical wall. Umbilicus broad. The last whorl 
is solute for about one-tenth of a turn; the auricular portion of 
the peristome, however, is attached to the preceding turn. Aper- 
ture subcircular; peristome rather broadly expanded and reflected. 
The parietal wall bears a deep U-shaped notch. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 321058, comes 
from Veracruz, Mexico. It has 5.8 whorls and measures: Height, 
15 mm.; greater diameter, 23.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.6 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 321024 contains another specimen from Veracruz, 
and there are two additional lots from Mexico without specific Jo- 
cality in the collection of the National Museum. 

This species differs from C. goldmani in having the peristome 
much more broadly expanded. 


428349—42 


12 


174 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
CYRTOTOMA GOLDMANI, new species 
PLATE 22, FicurgEs 7-9 


Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a straw-colored periostracum. 
Nuclear whorls about 2, well rounded, forming a small elevated apex. 
Postnuclear whorls well rounded and marked by coarse, somewhat 
irregular, retractively slanting axial riblets, which vary in strength 
and are slightly sinuous. Suture deeply impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded, and marked by the 
continuation of the ribs, which pass over the umbilical wall. Aper- 
ture circular, slightly oblique. Peristome narrowly expanded, re- 
flected, and marked with a very broad shallow U-shaped notch on 
the parietal wall. The last whorl may be solute or adnate to the 
preceding turn. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523516, was collected by Maj. KE. A. Goldman 
at Mutaltoyuca, Puebla, Mexico. It has 6 whorls and measures: 
Height, 13.9 mm.; greater diameter, 20.9 mm. ; lesser diameter, 15.3 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 251719 contains 29 topotypes. Most of these are 
smaller than the type. The smallest has 5.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 10.8 mm.; greater diameter, 16 mm.; lesser diameter, 12.1 mm. 

This species is easily distinguished from C. mexicanum (Menke) 
by its narrow peristome and very broad U-shaped sinus in the parietal 
wall. 

CYRTOTOMA WALKERI (H. B. Baker) 


PriatE 22, Figures 10-12 


1928. Aperostoma walkeri H. B. BAKrR, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 
193, p. 51, pl. 6, figs. 38-40. 

Shell small, depressed-helicoid, horn colored, with the early whorls 
pinkish. The nucleus consists of about 2 small, well-rounded turns 
forming a well-elevated apex. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded. 
The postnuclear whorls are somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, and 
marked by very regular, retractively curved, rather strong axial rib- 
lets, which are not as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture 
channeled. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly openly umbili- 
cated, with the axial sculpture much reduced, almost absent on the 
major portion of the base, but again strong on the umbilical wall, 
where it about equals that on the spire. Aperture subcircular; per- 
istome thickened and slightly reflected, almost with an indication of 
a notch at the parietal wall. Operculum typically cyrtotomid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two paratypes, 
U.S.N.M. No. 515791, collected by H. B. Baker at Necaxa, Puebla, 
Mexico. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 8 mm.; greater 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 175 


diameter, 13.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.8 mm. Height of aperture, 
5.8 mm.; diameter, 6.5 mm. 

This species is easily distinguished from the others by its small 
size, weakly reflected peristome, and by the fact that notching of the 
parietal wall is almost absent. 


BARBACYCLUS, new genus 


Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid shape, spirally banded. ‘The 
whorls are marked by oblique threads. The last whorl is very narrowly 
solute and the outer lip at the posterior angle projects beyond the 
junction with the parietal lip as a strong keel, which bends toward 
the preceding turn and almost touches it. Operculum with the outer 
edge of the turns provided with long scalelike fimbriations at the free 
edge, which are longer than the width of the turns, forming the solid 
portion of the operculum. The operculum therefore has a strongly 
bearded appearance. 

Type: Barbacyclus underwoodi (Da Costa). 

Distribution: Costa Rica. 

B. boucardi (Angas) has the radula formula 3: 3: 3: 2, and the 
jaw is without a median projection. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BARBACYCLUS 


Last whorl strongly sculptured__-__--------------------------------- princeps 
Last whorl not strongly sculptured. 
Shell large; greater diameter more than 43 mm__--_---------- underwoodi 
Shell smaller; greater diameter less than 34 mm__---------------- boucardi 


BARBACYLUS PRINCEPS (Pilsbry) 
PLATE 23, FicurEs 1-3 


1879. Cyclotus boucardi ANGAS, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 483 (not @. 
boucardi Angas, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1878, p. 73). 
1890. Cyclotus (?) boucardi von Martens (in part), Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
. 5. 
1900. adie boucardi VON MARTENS, ibid., Suppl., p. 597. 
1935. Aperostoma (Amphicyclotus) princeps PILsBry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil- 
adelphia, vol. 87, p. 3, pl. 1, figs. 1, 1a, 1b. 

Shell large, helicoid, of white ground color, marked with bands of 
chestnut-brown. One of these bands, which is rather broad, appears 
to occupy the middle of the turns; the other is immediately below 
the periphery. Nuclear whorls 2, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear 
whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, except the last turn, 
marked by decidedly retractively slanting axial threads, which are 
crossed by strong incremental lines. These threads begin a little ante- 
rior to the summit of the turns and are about as wide as the spaces 


176 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


that separate them. Suture slitlike on the last turn, separated from 
the preceding turn by a considerably deeper channel on the last fifth 
of a turn. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded and marked 
by the continuation of the oblique cords, which also extend over the 
umbilical wall. Umbilicus about one-fourth the diameter of the 
shell. Aperture circular; peristome somewhat thickened, heaviest on 
the outer lip and thinnest on the columellar side. In the outer lip 
the peristome projects over the wall of the parietal portion of the 
peristome as an arch, which also projects forward considerably beyond 
the parietal peristome. Operculum typical. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 523517, was 
collected by H. Pittier in Costa Rica without specific definition of 
locality. It has 6.1 whorls and measures: Height, 24.7 mm.; greater 
diameter, 41.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 30.7 mm. 

Three additional specimens, U.S.N.M. No. 190287, were collected 
by Pittier at Moin Hill, Costa Rica. 

The strong oblique threads that extend even over the last whorl in 
this species readily differentiate it from the other two. 


BARBACYCLUS UNDERWOODI (Da Costa) 
PLATE 23, FIGURES 7-9 


1900. Cyclophorus underwoodi Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soe. London, vol. 4, p. 67, 
pl. 7, figs. 5-8. 

1900. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) underwoodi VON MARTENS, Biologia Cen- 
trali-Americana, Suppl., p. 598. 

1902. Amphicyclotus wnderwoodi Kosett, Das Tierreich, Cyclophoridae, p. 257. 

1912. Amphicyclotus underwoodi Kosett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 919, pl. 135, figs. 2-4, 4a. 

Shell large, helicoid, of soiled-white ground color, with the early 
whorls rose-red. The later whorls are marked also with a very dark 
chestnut-brown band, which extends from a little below the suture 
to a little above the periphery, and a second one much narrower 
immediately below the periphery. The periphery in our specimens 
is white. The base is orange straw-colored. Nuclear whorls about 2, 
well rounded, smooth. The early postnuclear whorls are marked by 
decidedly retractively curved almost spiral threads, which are about 
as wide as the spaces that separate them. These threads disappear 
on the last half of the last whorl. Suture of the early whorls well 
impressed ; on the last, deeply channeled. The summit of the whorls 
on the last half of the last turn projects over the parietal wall in 
such a manner as to form a decided crest, which continues in an even 
curve with the rest of the upper surface of the whorl toward the 
preceding turn, leaving a broad exposed channel. Periphery well 
rounded. Base well rounded. Umbilicus moderately large, a little 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA iar} 


more than one-fourth of the diameter of the shell and marked by 
fine incremental lines and on the first half by feeble suggestions of 
spiral threads. No spiral threads appear on the rest of the umbilical 
wall. Here the incremental lines are concentrated to form axial 
riblets. Aperture circular; peristome simple, very slightly expanded; 
the outer lip projects materially beyond its junction with the columel- 
Jar wall at the posterior angle, forming here a conspicuous shelf. 
It also is decidedly protracted at that point beyond the columellar 
lip. Operculum typically barbacyclid. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 161616, comes 
from Costa Rica. It has 6 whorls and measures: Height, 31.5 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 44.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 31.6 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 321046 contains another specimen also from Costa 
Rica, without definite locality. 

This species is nearest related to B. boucardi (Angas), from which 
its much larger size readily distinguishes it. 


BARBACYCLUS BOUCARDI (Angas) 


PLATE 23, FicurEs 4-6 
1878. Cyclotus boucardi ANcaAs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 73, pl. 5, figs. 


3, 4. 
1890. Cyclotus (?) Boucardi vy. Martrens (in part), Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, p. 5. 


1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) boucardi Kosetr and MO6LiLEeNnporFr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1935. Aperostoma princeps angasianum Pivssry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- 
phia, vol. 87, p. 3. 

Shell helicoid, chestnut-brown on the upper surface, with a mod- 
erately broad band of white at the summit and at the periphery. 
There is a zone of the same chestnut-brown immediately below the 
periphery, while the rest of the base is straw colored. Nuclear whorls 
about 2, well rounded, smooth. The succeeding turns, except the last 
portion of the last whorl, are marked by decidedly retractively 
curved threads, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. In addition to this they are also crossed by numerous closely 
spaced, hairlike incremental lines. Suture impressed, on the last 
turn marked by a slender, slitlike sinus. The last whorl is decidedly 
decurrent and solute for about one-tenth of a turn. Periphery well 
rounded. Base well rounded, marked by incremental lines and near 
the periphery by obsolete threads. Umbilicus rather narrow, equal- 
ing about one-fifth of the diameter of the shell. Aperture broadly 
oval, the long axis being from the parietal wall to the junction of 
the outer and basal lip; peristome simple, the outer lip extends be- 
yond its junction with the columellar wall as a shelf. It also is 
protracted beyond it. Operculum typical. 


178 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 162825, is one 
of two collected at San Carlos, Costa Rica. It has 5.5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 25.2 mm.; greater diameter, 33 mm.; lesser di- 
ameter, 25 mm. 

This species resembles most nearly B. underwoodi (Da Costa), 
from which its small size readily distinguishes it. 


CALACYCLOTUS, new genus 


Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, without color bands, with 
the axial sculpture reduced to incremental lines, and the spiral sculp- 
ture absent or microscopic. Base widely umbilicated. Aperture de- 
cidedly oblique; outer lip of peristome somewhat expanded and re- 
flected at the outer lip, the parietal and columellar peristome forming 
a sigmoid edge. 

Type: Calacyclotus olssoni (Pilsbry). 

Distribution: Panama and Colombia. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CALACYCLOTUS 


Greater diameter more: than ts Q. nme ee eee olssoni 
Greater diameter less: than 42. )= 2s ee ee ee atratensis 


CALACYCLOTUS OLSSONI (Pilsbry) 
Puate 23, Ficures 18-15 


1926. Amphicyclotus olssoni Pruspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 
78, pp. 65-66, pl. 9, figs. 1, 1a. 

Shell very large, uniformly chestnut-brown, with the tip red and 
the inside of the aperture bluish white. Nuclear whorls about 2, 
well rounded, smooth, forming an inconspicuous apex. Postnuclear 
whorls well rounded, marked by slender, retractively curved incre- 
mental lines only. Suture well impressed. Periphery strongly 
rounded. Base well rounded, openly umbilicated, with the umbilicus 
about equal to one-fourth of the diameter of the shell, marked by 
the continuation of the incremental lines, which pass over the um- 
bilical wall, where they became somewhat stronger. Aperture de- 
cidedly oblique, broadly pear-shaped, protracted into an angle at the 
posterior angle of the aperture. Peristome expanded on the outer 
and right portion of the basal lip, thickened on the inner lip. Parie- 
tal wall covered with a moderately thick callus, which forms an 
obtuse angle at its junction with the columella. Pilsbry says of 
the operculum of this species: “The operculum is flat, dull brownish, 
of about 12 whorls, the outer four subequal, diminishing slightly 
to the last, smoothish. Interior face with a small central mucro 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 179 


with a low encircling ridge forming a ring of about 5 mm. diameter. 
The dull scar of attachment is broadly oval, eccentric, its edge notched 
where it passes the mucro.” 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 341767, was 
collected by A. E. Heighway at Acandi, a small settlement in the 
Gulf of Atrato, on the boundary between Panama and Colombia. 
it has 6.1 whorls and measures: Height, 33 mm.; greater diameter, 
53.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 89 mm. 

The large size readily distinguishes this species from C. atratensis. 


CALACYCLOTUS ATRATENSIS, new species 


PLATE 23, Figures 10-12 


Shell helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum; the 
early whorls reddish; interior of the aperture yellowish white. Nu- 
clear whorls about 2, well rounded, smooth, forming a small apex. 
Postnuclear whorls marked by rather irregular, retractively slant- 
ing incremental lines. Suture moderately impressed. Periphery 
well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, the umbilicus being about 
one-fourth the diameter of the shell, marked by the continuation 
of the incremental lines, which here assume almost the strength of 
riblets; these pass also over the umbilical wall. Aperture de- 
cidedly oblique, almost circular, protracted into an auricle at the 
posterior angle. Peristome somewhat expanded on the outer lip 
and somewhat thickened on the inner, covering the parietal wall with 
a thick callus. The edge of this callus on the parietal wall and 
columella forms a decidedly ragged sigmoid curve. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 206291, was collected by A. E. Heighway 
on the mountains near the mouth of the Atrato River in Colombia. 
It has 5.9 whorls and measures: Height, 25.2 mm.; greater diameter, 
41 mm.; lesser diameter, 31 mm. 

The small size readily distinguishes this species from C. olssont 
(Pilsbry). 


MEXCYCLOTUS, new genus 


Small amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, marked by axial 
hairlines only. Operculum corneous, concave, with more than 10 
whorls, which have their outer edge upturned, free, or appressed to 
the succeeding whorl. The turns of the lamella are obliquely striated. 

Type: Meacyclotus lutescens (Pfeiffer). 

Distribution: Southwestern Mexico. 

The members of the genus recall Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) 
translucidum (Sowerby), but that group has a calcareous operculum. 


180 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MEXCYCLOTUS 


Shell helicoid.-.+. 22220 2s 4o ee de eee cooperi 
Shell «depressed-helicoid.-== 22 525.2 k ee ee ae ee eee lutescens 


MEXCYCLOTUS COOPERI (Tryon) 
PLATE 24, Figures 10-12 


1863. Cyclotus cooperi TrRYON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 281, 
pl. 2, fig. 2. 

1890. aoe (Amphicyclotus) lutescens VON MARTENS (in part), Biologia 
Centrali-Americana, p. 7. 

1897. Cyrtotoma lutescens var. cooperi Kopett and MO6LLENDorFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 140. 

1898. Amphicyclotus lutescens var. cOoperi KosELT and MOLLENpoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189 (reprint). 

1928. Aperostoma cooperi H. B. BAKER, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 
No. 198, p. 53. 

Shell elevated helicoid, covered with a thin pale orange perios- 
tracum, which shows slender, distantly spaced, and irregularly dis- 
tributed spiral threads of a brighter yellow on the spire. Interior 
of aperture yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 1.2, well rounded, 
forming a small apex. Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, 
and marked by rather distantly spaced, slender, retractively curved 
axial riblets, which become somewhat irregular on the last turn. 
Suture strongly impressed. Periphery inflated, well rounded. Base 
well rounded, openly umbilicated, with the umbilicus about one-fourth 
the diameter of the shell, marked by the enfeebled ribs, which here 
constitute merely irregular incremental lines. These also pass over 
the umbilical wall. Aperture slightly oblique, circular, feebly angu- 
lated at the posterior angle of the aperture; peristome very thin 
on the outer lip and considerably thickened on the inner lip. Oper- 
culum typical. 

The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 10019, was collected by 
August Remond near Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. It has 4.8 whorls 
and measures: Height, 14 mm.; greater diameter, 16 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 12.8 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 251718 contains 12 additional dead shells, some of 
which are considerably larger than the type. One of these has 3 
whorls remaining and measures: Height, 14 mm.; greater diameter, 
17.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 14.5 mm. Still another specimen, U.S.N.M. 
No. 251717, was collected by Dr. E. W. Nelson at San Sebastian, 
Jalisco. Dr. Nelson also collected a series of specimens at Ixtapan, 
Jalisco, Mexico. While there is considerable variation in the size of 
these, they agree quite well with Tryon’s type. 

This species can readily be distinguished from MM. lutescens 
(Pfeiffer) by its much more elevated form and stronger ribbing. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 181 


MEXCYCLOTUS LUTESCENS (Pfeiffer) 
Pirate 24, Ficures 13-15 


1851. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) lutescens PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loncon, 
1851, p. 250. 

1854. Cyclostoma lutescens PFEIFFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 333, pl. 43, figs. 12-14. 

1886. Habropoma lutescens FIscHER and Cross, Mission scientifique au Mexique 
et dans Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pl. 38, fig. 2. 

1888. Amphicyclotus lutescens FIscHER and CROSSE, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 139. 

1890. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) lutescens von Martens, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 6. 

1897. Cyrtotoma lutescens Kopetr and Moérienporrr, Nachrb. deutschen malak. 
Ges., vol. 29, p. 140. 

1898. Amphicyclotus lutescens Kosetr and Mérienporrr, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189 (reprint). 

1928. Aperostoma lutescens H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 
No. 193, p. 53. 

Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a straw-colored, orange- 
tinged periostracum, with the early whorls a little darker than the 
later. Interior of the aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 
one rounded smooth turn. The early postnuclear whorls are strongly 
rounded and marked by rather distantly spaced, slender axial riblets 
which become less regular and more closely spaced on the last whorl. 
Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well 
rounded and marked by the weak continuation of the axial sculpture, 
which extends over the umbilical wall. Umbilicus about one-fifth the 
diameter of the shell. Aperture circular, slightly oblique; peristome 
slightly oblique, slightly protracted into an angle at the posterior 
angle; outer lip of the peristome thin; the inner somewhat thickened. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
301012, collected by Sallé in Mexico without specific locality. It has 
4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 10.7 mm.; greater diameter, 14.7 
mm.; lesser diameter, 11.8 mm. 

There are two additional lots, three specimens, in the collection of 
the National Museum, without specific locality. 

This species can readily be distinguished from J. cooperi (Tryon) 
by its depressed form. 


MEGACYCLOTUS, new genus 


Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid shape. The whorls are marked 
by fine spiral lines and heavier, decidedly retractively curved, coarser 
diagonal threads on spire and base; absent on the wall of the broad 
umbilicus. Peristome slightly expanded on the outer lip. Operculum 
thin, corneous, with central nucleus, the outer edge of whose upturned 
volutions are rendered ragged by wear. They are retractively 
striate. 


182 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Type: Megacyclotus ponderosus (Pfeiffer). 

Distribution: Southeastern Mexico and Guatemala. 

The radula of I. ponderosus (Pfeiffer) has the formula 3:3:3: 2, 
and the jaw is without a median projection. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MEGACYCLOTUS 


Shell more than. 40'mm: in, @iameters =e. = ee ponderosus 
Shell Jess! than 353mm! (inidiameters=:3 ==. palenquensis 


MEGACYCLOTUS PONDEROSUS (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 24, FicurEs 19-21 


1851. Cyclostoma ponderosum PretrFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p. 243. 

1852. Cyclophorus ponderosus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- 
tium, vol. 1, p. 97. 

1853. Cyclostoma ponderosum Prrtrrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 257, pl. 35, figs. 12-14. 

1880. Amphicyclotus ponderosus FiscHer and Crosse, Mission scientifique au 
Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pl. 35, fig. 3. 

1888. Amphicyclotus ponderosus FiscHER and Crosse, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 147. 

1890. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) ponderosus vy. MARTENS, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 5. 

1900. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) ponderosus v. Marrens, ibid., Suppl., p. 597. 

Shell rather large, depressed-helicoid, covered with a thin pale- 
brown periostracum, which appears to have irregular darker radial 
zones. The nucleus consists of a little more than one small, well- 
rounded, smooth whorl. Postnuclear whorls are well rounded, 
slightly flattened toward the summit and marked by coarse, decidedly 
retractively curved diagonal cords and fine incremental lines. The 
spiral cords are about as wide as the spaces that separate them and 
are rendered rather irregular by the incremental lines. Suture mod- 
erately impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base well rounded, 
openly umbilicated, with the umbilicus almost one-third the diameter 
of the shell. The base is marked like the spire, but the umbilical 
wall has only the continuation of the incremental lines, which here 
develop into irregular riblets. Aperture circular, drawn into a con- 
spicuous angle at the posterior angle of the aperture. Peristome 
simple, thin on the outer lip and a little thicker on the inner. Parietal 
wall covered by a moderately thick callus. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 32068, was col- 
lected by F. Sarg in Guatemala. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 25.7 mm.; greater diameter, 40.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 30.3 
mm. 

Several specimens from northern Guatemala, U.S.N.M. No. 162309, 
collected by Godman, are much larger, one having 4 whorls and 
measuring: Height, 27 mm.; greater diameter, 48.5 mm.; lesser 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 183 


diameter, 36 mm. U.S.N.M. No. 429586 contains three specimens 
collected by H. Pittier at an elevation of 550 meters in the vicinity 
of Secanquin, Alta Vera Paz. U.S.N.M. No. 185499 contains another 
specimen from the same locality. U.S.N.M. No. 355368 contains two 
specimens collected by A. A. Hinkley at Chama, Alta Vera Paz. 
There are six additional lots without specific locality. 

This species differs from I. palenquensis (Pilsbry) in being much 
larger. 

MEGACYCLOTUS PALENQUENSIS (Pilsbry) 


PLATE 24, FiaurEs 16-18 


1935. Aperostoma (Amphicyclotus) palenquense Pruspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, vol. 87, pp. 3-4, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b. 

Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a wood-brown periostracum ; 
when denuded the last whorl is yellowish white and the rest rose 
colored. The nucleus consists of a little more than one turn, which 
is well rounded and smooth. The succeeding turns are well rounded 
and marked by decidedly retractively curved threads, which are about 
as wide as the spaces that separate them. These threads and the 
spaces between them vary in strength, and the surface has a some- 
what pitted or dull rasplike appearance. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded, and 
marked by the same sculpture as that characterizing the spire, only a 
little less strongly developed. The umbilicus is similarly sculptured. 
Aperture circular, decidedly oblique, drawn out into a very conspicuous 
angle at the posterior angle. Peristome simple; the outer somewhat 
expanded and reflected; the inner evenly curved, forming with the 
callus of the parietal wall, a regular sigmoid outline. 

The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 106344, was collected by 
Dr. Dolley in the District of Palenque, State of Chiapas, Mexico. It 
has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 20.7 mm.; greater diameter, 
34 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.9 mm. A paratype bearing the same 
number has 5.4 whorls and measures: Height, 21.7 mm.; greater 
diameter, 34.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 26.1 mm. 

This species differs from M. ponderosus (Pfeiffer) in being consid- 
erably smaller. 


Genus AMPHICYCLOTUS Crosse and Fischer 
1879. Amphicyclotus Crosse and FIscHER, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 27, p. 46. 


Amphicyclotine shells of helicoid outline, with the whorls marked 
by fine vermiculated sculpture, which extends over spire, base, and 
umbilical wall. Operculum thin, corneous, with central nucleus, 
having the outer edge of the turns slightly upturned. 

Type: Amphicyclotus boucardi ({Sallé] Pfeiffer). 

Distribution : Southeastern Mexico to northwestern Honduras. 


184 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AMPHICYCLOTUS 


Shell large; greater diameter more than 50 mm__-_--_-~----___-~----- goldfussi 
Shell smaller ; greater diameter less than 40 mm. 
Shell holicoid. 


Greater diametermore than 30.mmis 2222 boucardi 
Greater diameter lessathany 27min eee eee eee maleri 
Shell depressed=helicoid === =e es texturatus 


AMPHICYCLOTUS GOLDFUSSI (Boettger) 


1892, Aperostoma (Amphicyclotus) goldfussi Bortrcrer, Nachrb. deutschen malak. 
Ges., vol. 24, p. 203. 

1897. Amphicyclotus goldfussi KoBeLt and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. 
Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

1900. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) texturatus goldfussi VON MARTENS, Biologia 
Centrali-Americana, Suppl., p. 598. 

Shell depressed-conic, rather thick walled, uniformly brownish 
yellow, broadly umbilicated; umbilicus one-fourth the greater 
diameter of the shell. Apex rather rounded. The spire consists of 
6 rounded whorls, which are somewhat flattened near the suture and 
increase rather rapidly in size. They are everywhere finely wrinkled. 
In the middle the whorls are wormlike, separated by impressed 
grooves. The last whorl equals one-third of the diameter and is 
compressed above, circular, and slightly decurrent anteriorly. 
Aperture oblique, almost circular, white and shining, thin; peristome 
simple, sharp at the edge, connected with a heavy callus on the 
parietal wall. The peristome is protracted into a slight auricle at 
the posterior angle, which is furrowed; it is somewhat projecting on 
the right edge and thickened on the columellar side. Operculum 
corneous, thin, consisting of closely wound whorls. Height, 28 mm.; 
greater diameter, 51 mm.; lesser diameter, 22 mm. 

The type was collected at San Pedro Sula, northwestern Honduras. 

We have not seen specimens of this species and have given a 
translation of its description; it has not been figured. 

The very large size of this species readily distinguishes it from 
the rest. 


AMPHICYCLOTUS BOUCARDI ([Sallé] Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 24, Ficunes 46 


1856. Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) boucardi [Sallé) Pretrrer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 24, p. 328, pl. 35, fig. 25. 

1858. Cyclophorus boucardi Prrirrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- 
tium, vol. 2, p. 65. 

1861. Cyclophorus boucardi RezvgE, Conchologia iconica, vol. 13, sp. 26. 

1880. Amphicyclotus boucardi FiscHerR and Crosssz, Mission scientifique au 
Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pl. 35, fig. 1. 

1888. Amphicyclotus boucardi FiscHER and Crosse, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 142. 

1890. Cyclophorus (Amplicyclotus) boucardi voN Marrens, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 6. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 185 


Shell helicoid, covered with a pale chestnut-brown periostracum, 
which is vermiculated and spirally banded by zones of the ground 
color, that is, bluish white; the interior of the aperture is bluish 
white. The nucleus consists of 1.5 small smooth turns; the succeed- 
ing 2 turns are finely, retractively, axially ribbed, the axial ribs being 
about as wide as the spaces that separate them. The rest of the 
whorls are finely vermiculated by irregularly disposed, closely placed, 
low nodules. In addition to this the whorls are marked by incre- 
mental lines. Suture deeply impressed, particularly so on the early 
whorls. Periphery well rounded. Base somewhat inflated, strongly 
rounded, sculptured like the spire. This sculpture also extends over 
the umbilical wall. The umbilicus is about one-fourth of the diame- 
ter of the shell. Aperture circular; peristome simple, the outer lip 
thin, the inner very slightly thickened. Parietal wall covered by a thin 
callus. Operculum typical. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 356095, was 
collected by Dr. L. A. Yates in southeastern Mexico. It has 5.6 
whorls and measures: Height, 23.7 mm.; greater diameter, 31.4 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 22.6 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 321013 contains two additional specimens labeled 
“Mexico,” without specific locality. 


AMPHICYCLOTUS MALERI Crosse and Fischer 
PLATE 24, Ficures 7-9 

1883. Amphicyclotus maleri Crosse and FiscHEr, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 31, p. 102. 
1886. Amphicyclotus maleri Fiscuer and Crosse, Mission scientifique au 

Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pl. 41, figs. 3, 8a, 3b, 3c. 
1888. Amphicyclotus maleri Fischer and Crosse, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 145. 
1890. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) maleri von Martens, Biologia Centrali- 

Americana, p. 6. 

Shell helicoid; when denuded of periostracum, soiled white. Nu- 
clear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. Postnuclear whorls 
strongly rounded and marked by numerous vermiculations. The 
threads composing these are as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. The whorls are appressed at the summit, which leaves the 
suture rather inconspicuous. Periphery well rounded. Base openly 
umbilicated, the umbilicus about one-fourth the diameter of the 
shell. The base is marked by the continuation of the vermiculations, 
which extend over the umbilical wall. Aperture oblique, circular; 
peristome simple, slightly protracted into an angle at the posterior 
angle; outer lip thin, the inner somewhat thickened. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 515887, was col- 
lected by F. Sarg in Guatemala. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 18.3 mm.; greater diameter, 26.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 
20.5 mm. 


186 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Crosse and Fischer’s specimen came from Tabasco Province, 
Mexico, but we believe the specimen we have figured belongs here. 
The species is easily distinguished from the others by its small 
size. 
AMPHICYCLOTUS TEXTURATUS (Sowerby) 
PLATE 24, FIGURES 1-3 


1850. Cyclostoma texrturatum SowrErBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, Suppl., p. 160*, 
pl. 314, fig. 303. 
1852. Cyclophorus texturatus Prrirrer, Conspectus cyclostomaceorum emen- 


datus auctus ..., p. 15. 

1880. Amphicyclotus terturatus FISCHER and Crosser, Mission scientifique au 
Mexique et dans |’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pl. 35, figs. 2-2b. 

1886. Amphicyclotus texrturatus FIscHER and Crossg, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 144. 

1890. Cyclophorus (Amphicyclotus) textwratus VON MARTENS, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 6. 

Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown peri- 
ostracum. Nuclear whorls 1.5, small, well rounded, smooth. The 
first postnuclear whorl is marked by fine incremental lines which are 
more emphasized at the channeled suture and eventually developed 
into little riblets before the real postnuclear sculpture is reached. 
The later whorls are marked by strong vermiculations. Suture well 
impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, with 
the umbilicus about two-fifths of the diameter of the shell. The base 
and umbilical wall are both marked by vermiculations, although on 
the umbilical wall they become more elongated and more riblike. 
Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peri- 
stome simple, thin. Parietal wall covered by a heavy callus. The 
operculum has a subcentral nucleus and consists of about 10 whorls, 
which are flattened and slightly free at the distal edge and striated. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 162491, comes 
from Chiapas, Mexico. It has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height, 26.7 
mm.; greater diameter, 41.1 mm.; lesser diameter, 29.7 mm. 

The collection of the National Museum contains additional 
specimens as follows: 

U.S.N.M. No. 162310, from Coban, Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No. 
200694, 1 from Finca Providencia, Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No. 321044, 
1 from Guatemala, without specific locality; U.S.N.M. No. 32072, 1 
collected by F. Sarg in Guatemala; U.S.N.M. No. 316370, 2 from 
Mexico, without specific locality. 


Subfamily APEROSTOMINAE Torre and Bartsch 


This subfamily has been defined on p. 38. 
KEY TO THE MAINLAND GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY APEROSTOMINAE 


Caleareous deposits on outside of whorls of operculum fused__-_--~ Aperostoma 
Calcareous deposits on outside of whorls of operculum not fused__ Liracyclotus 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 187 
Genus APEROSTOMA Troschel 


1847. Aperostoma 'TROsCcHEL, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44. 

Aperostomine shells in which the heavy calcareous deposit of 
adjacent turns of the operculum fuses. This deposit is a little higher 
on the inner edge of the turns. 

Type: Aperostoma (Aperostoma) blanchetianum (Moricand). 

Distribution: Mexico to Brazil and the West Indies. 


KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF MAINLAND APEROSTOMA 


Aperture with a notch at posterior angle___-__------------------ Incidostoma 
Aperture without a notch at posterior angle. 
Sculpturevenzine-turnedia es. =i eee Austrocyclotus 
Sculpture not engine-turned. 
Sculpture anastomosing< 222-2 2 ee AS FO Neocyclotus 
Sculpture not anastomosing. 
Sculpturesscalaritorm{]22ese2.2 as eee ee Cyclopomops 
Sculpture not scalariform. 
Periphery with: color band .!s22!2 425-2222 e Aperostoma 
Periphery without color band_--------------- Cyclohidalgoa 


INCIDOSTOMA, new subgenus 


Aperostomine shells of helicoid or depressed-helicoid shape. Spire 
and base marked by slender, retractively curved axial riblets, which 
are much stronger on the umbilical wall. The surface may or may 
not be malleated. The posterior angle of the aperture in adult shells 
is notched or even developed into a pseudosiphon. 

Type: Aperostoma (Incidostoma) malleatum, new species. 

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS INCIDOSTOMA 


Greater diameter more than 45 mm. 
Upper surface malleated. 


Mallcntions ss EtOne ss as ee ae I ee eee malleatum 
Malles tions notestrong ete eae we ere ee eee pergrandis 
Upper surface not malleated. 
DT AMMIELEL OL EH cbr Te ea NA TE ee ee ee eee ee eee kobelti 
Diameter less than 48 mm. 
Shel WET co ila a ere eee sete ek pichinchense 
Shell, ;depressed helicoid= 22 2. 22s. sae a ees hedui 
Greater diameter less than 38 mm. 
AMFICIO: Very a DEO) CC tin Ge eer Sie eit eR de incomptum 


Auricle not very projecting. 
Greater diameter more than 35 mm. 


FADCECUTESVELy ae Cae nee eck, Sure abies, Se he a AER Bay pizarroi 
Aperture not very large. 
Sutnnecdeeply impressed 2 =. Saeeer sf eel ke ace eee OE nirafe 
Suture not ideeply impressed s = 3 ee es hitomi 


Greater/diameter less, thani25 mm 22222 oe eee ee stirlingi 


188 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) MALLEATUM, new species 


PLATE 25, FIGURES 4-6 


Shell large, very depressed-helicoid. The early whorls pale brown, 
the last 1.5 turns pale chestnut brown, with the posterior half of 
the first dark chestnut-brown and the anterior half and umbilical 
wall of about the same shade as the upper side of the last turn. 
There is a pale narrow peripheral line below which a narrow almost 
black band is present. The nucleus consists of 2 turns, which are 
small, well rounded, and smooth. The succeeding turns are well 
rounded and marked by decidedly retractively slanting axial riblets, 
which on the last 1.5 turns become irregular in strength and spacing. 
On this part of the shell the upper surface, too, shows irregular 
malleations. The suture is strongly impressed. The summit of the 
last whorl is slightly deflected. Periphery feebly angulated. Base 
openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, and marked 
by the continuation of the axial riblets, which become very materially 
strengthened on the umbilical wall, where they form rather rough 
strong ribs. The base also and umbilical wall show the malleations 
referred to for the spire. Aperture circular, except the posterior 
angle, where the outer lip is reflected backward to form an incom- 
plete siphon, which extends some distance beyond the periphery and 
is separated from the preceding turn by a mere slit. There is a 
profound sinus in the peristome at the posterior angle. Peristome 
thickened, almost double on the inner lip and thin on the outer and 
basal lip. Operculum typically aperostomid, of about 9 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 317578, comes from the Evezard collection. 
It is without locality. It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 24.8 
mm.; greater diameter, 48 mm.; lesser diameter, 34.5 mm. Height 
of aperture, 15.8 mm.; diameter, 21.2 mm. 

We hesitate to describe a species without definite locality, but 
because the strong malleations of this species differentiate it from 
all other forms before us, we feel it merits recognition. 


APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) PERGRANDIS (Kobelt) 
PLATE 25, FiauRes 1-3 


1912. Neocyclotus pergrandis Koper, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 887, pl. 132, figs. 4-6. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) pergrandis H. B. Baxerr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 30. 


We have not seen this species and so give a translation of Kobelt’s 
description : 

Shell apparently the largest of the genus, openly, broadly umbili- 
cated, depressed, thick-walled, coarsely striated with oblique, irregu- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 189 


lar ribbed striations, chestnut brown with diffused, irregularly 
distributed spots. The last whorl has a narrow yellowish line at 
the peripheral angle and below this a somewhat broader darker zone, 
which evanesces anteriorly. The whorls are comparatively small and 
project but slightly, smooth, of pale color (injured in the single 
specimen before us). There are 5.5 convex turns, of which the 
earlier ones increase in size gradually, and the later ones more 
rapidly. They are separated by a deep suture, which is channeled 
in the later portion. The last whorl has a distinct angulation at 
the periphery and is more strongly arched basally than on the upper 
part and irregularly coarsely malleated. The last whorl is some- 
what flattened near the suture. The posterior part of the peristome 
of the outer lip is bent up to form a small hooklike auricle. I know 
of none like it in any American operculate. Aperture very large, 
only slightly oblique, irregularly tear-shaped, broadly rounded 
basally, pointed toward the posterior angle, where it passes into the 
auricle, bluish white within. The parietal wall is covered with a 
half-moon-shaped slight callus. The outer peristome is sharp edged, 
bent backward above and free from the preceding whorl! so that a 
deep sinus is created. It is bent upward above the periphery of 
the preceding turn to form an auricle. The columellar peristome 
is thickened and white and slightly effuse. The operculum, unfor- 
tunately, is broken but there is enough of it to show that it is a 
genuine Veocyclotus operculum, although it is not strongly thickened, 
but it bears numerous whorls with a threadlike projection on the 
inner edge of the turns. It is not impressed in the middle. 

Habitat: New Granada (Colombia). 

The specimen I received in the winter of 1872 to 1873 direct with 
some other land shells. My friend Martens, to whom I showed the 
shell, said that it was an over-developed example of Cyclotus in- 
comptus Sowerby, and under this name it has rested until now in 
the Senckenbergische Museum. ‘That species has also a sinus at the 
posterior angle. 

Kobelt’s figure shows a specimen not quite mature, which we believe 
related to A. (Z.) malleatum. Probably due to immaturity, the 
siphonlike development at the posterior angle has not attained its 
full figure. Kobelt’s figure yields the following measurements: It 
has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 26.3 mm.; greater diameter, 
53.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 37.3 mm. Height of aperture, 18.4 mm.; 
diameter, 22.8 mm. 


428349—42——_13 


190 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) KOBELTI, new species 
PLATE 25, FiaurEs 7-9 


1912. Neocyclotus pergrandis var. Koseit, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 908, pl. 140, figs. 1-3. 

We have not seen anything that would satisfy Kobelt’s description 
and figure and therefore give a translation of his description of 
Neocyclotus pergrandis var.: 

A magnificent specimen in the Berlin Museum, which Professor 
Thiele has permitted me to see, leads me to refer again to Neocyclotus 
pergrandis, * * * the highest development of which is probably 
represented by this specimen. It is somewhat larger than the speci- 
mens which I figured from the collection of the Senckenbergische 
Museum. The greatest diameter is 57 mm. and the least diameter, 46; 
height, 28 mm. Its conservation is splendid, its sheen and coloration 
faultless. The suture is materially more strongly impressed and this 
character can be followed to the third last whorl. The whorls there- 
fore project only slightly. The last whorl has a pronounced periph- 
eral keel, which does not show in pergrandis. This forms the boundary 
between the yellowish white peripheral band and the blackish brown 
infraperipheral zone. About 2 cm. behind the peristome, which is 
decidedly deflected, the siphonlike auricle arises. This measures 
13-14 mm. in diameter at the base and is appressed to the preceding 
whorl and projects above this for half its length. The interior of 
the siphonlike perforation is covered with a pearly callus and forms 
an open aperture separated from the preceding turn by a narrow 
slit. The siphonal puncture measures about 4-5 mm. long. The open- 
ing to it is observable only when one looks at it obliquely from below. 
Between the peristome and the tubular structure the last whorl is 
free from the preceding turn and decurrent, that is, overhanging 
the aperture. The breadth of the aperture is 25 mm., and the height 
obliquely measures about the same; vertically it is somewhat less. 
The interior of the aperture is livid white, shining, through which the 
infraperipheral band shines bluish. 

The specimen described comes from Cundinamarica, between Bo- 
jaca and Tene, on the Lake of Tedropalo, Colombia, and bears the 
catalog number 37582. 

In this species the siphonal development at the posterior angle is 
larger and stronger than in any other form we have seen. It also 
appears to lack the malleation described for A. (/.) malleatum and 
A. (I.) pergrandis (Kobelt). 

Kobelt’s figure yields the following measurements: Whorls, 4.5; 
height, 26.8 mm.; greater diameter, 54 mm.; lesser diameter, 39 mm. 
Height of aperture, 18.7 mm. ; diameter, 24 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 191 
APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) PICHINCHENSE, new species 


Puate 26, Ficures 10-12 


Shell large, helicoid. The early whorls denuded of periostracum 
livid white; on the last one the periostracum is olivaceous with a 
brownish tinge on the upper surface. There is a narrow white periph- 
eral zone, and the base is pale chestnut with an olivaceous tinge; inte- 
rior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded, slightly 
inbent at the suture on the last turn and marked by decidedly retrac- 
tively curved axial riblets, which become decidedly irregular in 
strength and spacing on the last whorl. On this there are also 
oblique malleations resembling scratches. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery feebly angulated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, 
strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial rib- 
lets, which become gradually intensified on the umbilical wall. Ap- 
erture circular, excepting the siphonlike projection at the posterior 
angle; peristome slightly thickened and reflected on the inner lip; 
thin on the outer, where it is produced at the posterior angle to form 
an incomplete siphon, separated there by a narrow slit. The parie- 
tal wall is covered with a thick callus. The peristome is rendered 
incomplete by the sinus at the posterior angle. Operculum typically 
aperostomid having about 9 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316109, comes from Quito, Ecuador. It has 
5 whorls and measures: Height, 26.6 mm.; greater diameter, 47.6 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 35.1 mm. Height, of aperture, 16.2 mm.; diameter, 
20.6 mm. 

This species is readily distinguished from A. (J.) malleatum by its 
more elevated spire and less strongly malleated sculpture. 


APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) HEDUI, new species 


PLATE 26, Ficures 1-3 


1863. Cyclotus incomptus Rexrve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 8 (not Cyclo- 
stoma incomptum Sowerby, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, Suppl., 
p. 160*, 1850). 

Shell decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid; extreme tip 
reddish brown, the succeeding whorls pale brown, the last whorl! chest- 
nut-brown on the upper surface and dark chestnut-brown on the 
lower, with a narrow pale-brown peripheral zone. The nucleus 
consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear 
whorls are marked by decidedly retractively curved axial riblets, 
which become much enfeebled on the last whorl, where they are 
merely indicated. Suture very strongly impressed, narrowly chan- 
neled. The last whorl is slightly decurrent near the aperture. 
Periphery feebly angulated. Base openly umbilicated, well rounded, 


192 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which become 
much strengthened on the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular, 
excepting the siphonal projection at the posterior angle; peristome 
thickened, almost double on the columellar lip, thin on the outer lip, 
where it is projected upward over the periphery of the preceding 
turn and backward deflected with a narrow sinus between it and the 
preceding turn. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307480, comes from Brazil. It has 4.7 
whorls and measures: Height, 23.5 mm.; greater diameter, 45.8 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 32.6 mm. Height of aperture, 16.7 mm.; diameter, 
20.5 mm. 

This is the most depressed of all the members we have seen, which 
feature alone readily distinguishes it from the other species. 


APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) INCOMPTUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 26, FIGURES 4-6 


1850. Cyclostoma incomptum Sowersy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, suppl., 
p. 160*, pl. 314, figs. 298-299. 

1852. Pterocyclos incomptus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- 
tium, vol. 1, p. 42. 

1853. Pterocyclos incomptus PFEIFFER, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 235, pl. 31, figs. 1-2. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) incomptus KosBeLtT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) incomptus H. B. BAxker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 30. 

Shell almost planorboid, decidedly depressed. The specimen be- 
fore us has lost its periostracum and is white, with a brownish tinge 
on all but the last whorl. (Sowerby says of the type that it is cov- 
ered with an olivaceous epidermis.) The nucleus consists of a little 
more than one turn, which is well rounded and smooth. The post- 
nuclear whorls are strongly rounded and marked by somewhat irreg- 
ular, broad, low, rounded, retractively curved axial riblets, which 
are wider than the spaces that separate them. Suture deeply im- 
pressed, almost channeled. Periphery with a faint indication of a 
thread. Base broadly openly umbilicated, showing all the whorls 
in the umbilicus. The base is strongly rounded and marked like the 
spire. Aperture circular with a strong auricle at the posterior angle, 
which is reflected and almost forms a siphon. Outer lip thin; the 
inner lip is slightly thickened. 

The specimen described, U.S.N.M. No. 515940, has 4.4 whorls and 
measures: Height 17.8 mm.; greater diameter, 36.5 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 26.0 mm. Height of aperture, 14.6 mm.; diameter, 16.5 mm. 

The small size and strongly reflected outer lip should readily dis- 
tinguish this from the other smaller species. The shell described 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 193 


is from the J. B. Henderson collection; it bears no locality data. 
Sowerby’s specimen, which he states is in Mr. Cuming’s collection, 
is also without locality mention. 


APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) PIZARROI, new species 


PLATE 26, F1iauRES 7-9 


Shell depressed-helicoid, chestnut-brown on the upper surface, with 
a narrow pale-yellow zone immediately above the periphery, while 
below the periphery there is a broad, very dark chestnut-brown band, 
which extends over two-fifths of the width of the base. Anterior 
to this and on the umbilical wall the shell is straw colored with a 
brownish flush and irregular zones of white. The nucleus consists 
of 1.6 small, well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls 
are well rounded, the last one slightly flattened near the suture. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by fine, closely spaced, retractively 
curved axial ribs, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. These riblets are very regular in strength and spac- 
ing. Suture rendered inconspicuous by the appressed whorl. Periph- 
ery well rounded, rendered angulated in appearance by the light 
peripheral zone. This, however, is an optical illusion. Base openly 
umbilicated, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which 
become strengthened on the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular, 
produced into a weak auricle at the posterior angle; peristome simple, 
a little thicker on the inner lip than on the outer. Parietal wall 
covered by a thick callus. In this species the peristone is produced 
into an auricle constituting a slight channel. Operculum typically 
aperostomid, having 7 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 20109, was collected by the Wilkes Explor- 
ing Expedition at Maguas, Peru. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: 
Height, 19.9 mm.; greater diameter, 37.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 26 
mm. Height of aperture, 13.3 mm.; diameter, 17.3 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 36942 contains two additional specimens from the 
same source. 

The large aperture readily distinguishes this species from A. (/ .) 
nirafe. 

APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) NIRAFE, new species 


PLATE 27, FiguRES 23-25 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a chestnut- 
brown periostracum on the upper surface. There is a very broad 
darker band immediately anterior to the periphery, which gradually 
fades into the basal color scheme. The nucleus consists of a little 
more than 2 small, well-rounded smooth whorls. The postnuclear 
whorls are well rounded, curving downward toward the suture and 


194 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


marked by irregular and irregularly depressed axial riblets, which 
vary both in strength and spacing. Suture deeply impressed. Periph- 
ery weakly angulated. Base openly umbilicated, strongly rounded, 
and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which become 
stronger and more distinct on the umbilical wall. Aperture almost 
circular, produced into an auricle at the posterior angle; peristome 
simple, the inner thickened; the outer thin and sharp. The last whorl 
descends below the periphery and so does the tip of the auricle. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 880795, was collected by R. H. Palmer in a 
dense jungle 13 km. south of Puerta Santos, Province of Santander 
del Norte, Colombia. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 19.2 
mm.; greater diameter, 36.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.6 mm. Height of 
aperture, 14.8 mm.; diameter, 15.8 mm. 

This species recalls A. (J.) Aztomé from Peru but has the axial ribs 
much less regular and the suture much more deeply channeled. The 
small aperture distinguishes it from A. (/.) pizarrot. 


APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) HITOMI, new species 
PLATE 27, F'1cuRES 26-28 


Shell depressed-helicoid. The early denuded whorls are pale rose 
color; the last whorl is covered by a thin periostracum, which is pale 
olivaceous horn colored on the upper surface and a trifle darker on 
the base. It has a rather broad ght zone immediately above 
the periphery and a dark zone a little narrower than the pale one 
below the periphery, the dark zone fading anteriorly into the general 
coloration of the base. The nucleus consists of about 2 whorls, small, 
well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and 
marked by very regular, rather closely spaced, decidedly retractively 
curved axial riblets. The spaces that separate these riblets are about 
as wide as the riblets. On the upper surface near the aperture there 
are also some oblique scratches. The summit of the turns is appressed 
to the suture and creeps but slightly on the preceding turn; the suture 
therefore is not channeled. The periphery is well rounded; the 
white band, however, gives it the appearance of an angulation, which 
is an optical illusion. Base well rounded, moderately openly um- 
bilicated, and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which 
become stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, produced 
into an auricle at the posterior angle; peristome simple, the inner lip 
thickened, the outer thin, except at the posterior angle, where it be- 
comes thickened and bent inward over the aperture as a slight hood. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316105, was collected by Cuming at Quito, 
Keuador. It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 21.7 mm.; greater 
diameter, 39.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 27 mm. Height of aperture, 14.6 
mm.; diameter, 17.0 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 195 


This species in size resembles A. (J.) pizarroi. It has, however, a 
comparatively smaller aperture; it differs from A. (/.) nzrafe in being 
larger and in having the axial riblets much more regular and closely 
spaced. 


APEROSTOMA (INCIDOSTOMA) STIRLINGI, new species 


PLATE 27, FIGURES 20-22 


Shell helicoid, the upper surface very dark olive; below the periph- 
ery there is a broad, almost black band, which gradually fades into 
dark olive. This in turn becomes paler toward the umbilical wall. 
There is a pale zone immediately above the periphery. Interior of 
the aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded 
smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are slightly flattened toward 
the suture; the rest are well rounded. The postnuclear whorls are 
marked by rather regular, slender, retractively curved riblets, which 
are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture moder- 
ately impressed. The periphery appears to be weakly angulated, but 
this is an optical illusion owing to the light colored band. Base nar- 
rowly umbilicated for the group, marked by the continuation of the 
axial riblets, which gain slightly in strength on the umbilical wall. 
Aperture almost circular; peristome simple, the inner lip slightly thick- 
ened, the outer acute, drawn out into a slight auricle at the posterior 
angle. This protraction of the outer lip at the posterior auricle 
produces a ridge that extends back halfway over the whorl on the 
upper surface of the turn near the suture. Operculum typically 
aperostomid, showing 8 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 516296, was collected by M. W. Stirling at 
Mendez, Upper Paute River, Ecuador. It has 4.4 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 15.9 mm.; greater diameter, 25 mm.; lesser diameter, 
17.9mm. Height of aperture 11 mm.; diameter, 11.2 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 426588 contains 17 topotypes from the same source. 

The small size will readily distinguish this species from all the 
other Incidostomas. 


Subgenus AUSTROCYCLOTUS Bartsch (antea, p. 132) 


Aperostomine shells of helicoid shape, the outside surface of 
which is marked by closely placed threads crossing each other in 
protractive and retractive series, producing an engine-turned pattern. 

Type: Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) stramineum (Reeve). 

Distribution: Panama to Ecuador and Venezuela and the West 
Indies. 

According to Bland, the radula formula of A. (Austrocyclotus) 
stramineum (Reeve) is8:3:3:2. The verge in A. (A.) aulari (H. B. 


196 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Baker) is situated on the back of the neck behind the tentacles and 
is traversed by a seminal groove and furnished with a very short 
appendage. An egg was found in the uterus of A. (A.) stramineum 
from near San Estaban, Carabobo, Venezuela. The shape of this 
was a slightly flattened sphere of about 2 mm. in diameter and 1.5 
mm. from pole to pole. It had a heavy transparent leathery shell. 


KEY TO THE MAINLAND SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS AUSTROCYCLOTUS 


Umbilicus narrow. 
Shellibandedi vet. CON wis Bobs awh. wears) WE ee MED oS of granulatum 
Shell not banded® tyre). srl pe! ad cetyl aye bs peck ee ees limellum 
Umbilicus not narrow. 
Umbilicus; very broads 2 22S a panamense 
Umbilicus not very broad. 
Periphery marked by decidedly retractively curved cords__ stramineum 
Periphery not marked by decidedly retractively curved 


cords. 
Shell bicolor. 
Greater diameter more than 21 mm__________________- aulari 
Greater diameter less than 20 mm______ ___ _.. glaucostomum 
Shell not bicolor. 
Greater diameter more than 37 mm____________ _______ peilei 
Greater diameter less than 33 mm. 
Spiral sculpture of base strong__________________ kugleri 
Spiral sculpture of base not strong. 
Diameter more than 17 mm____________ carabobense 
Diameter less than 14 mm________ ASE es burringtoni 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GRANULATUM (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 27, FiauRES 15-17 


1862. Cyclotus granulatus PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 275. 

1863. Cyclotus granulatus REEVE, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 1. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) granulatus KospeLt and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) granulatus H. B. Baxer, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 37. 

Shell of medium size, helicoid, soiled white except the anterior half 
between summit and periphery and the posterior half of the base, 
which are dark chestnut-brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small, 
well-rounded, smooth turns; the post-nuclear whorls are flattened and 
slightly bent in toward the suture on the anterior third between the 
summit and the periphery. The rest are well rounded. They are 
marked by closely spaced axial threads, which cross each other in 
protracted and retracted series, forming low, more or less rounded 
nodules at their junction. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly 
umbilicated, well-rounded and marked by the continuation of the 
sculpture mentioned for the spire. Here, however, the nodules are a 
little larger. Aperture circular; peristome thin on the outer and 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 197 


basal lip, somewhat thickened on the inner lip and parietal wall. 
Operculum typically australocyclotid, consisting of about 7 whorls. 

The specimen figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307460, comes from Ecuador. 
It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 16.5 mm.; greater diameter, 
25.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 17.2 mm. Height of aperture, 12.2 mm.; 
diameter, 12.6 mm. 

The following lots are also from Ecuador, without specific locality : 
U.S.N.M. No. 316108 contains 3 specimens; U.S.N.M. No. 315045, 1 
specimen; U.S.N.M. No. 307418, 2 specimens. 

The narrow umbilicus and the conspicuous banding will differ- 
entiate this from the other Austrocyclotus. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) LIMELLUM, new species 
PLATE 27, Figures 6-8 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, almost subglobular, pale chestnut- 
brown, the last whorl a little paler than the rest, both on the spire 
and base. In addition to this there are obscure, rather broad axial 
bands of darker and lighter brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small, 
well-rounded, smooth whorls. The postnuclear whorls are appressed 
at the summit, well rounded, and marked by retractive and pro- 
tractive axial riblets, the junctions of which form weak nodules which 
are more or less elongated. Suture inconspicuous. Periphery well 
rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, strongly rounded, marked like 
the spire. Here the nodules are of about the same strength as on 
the spire. This sculpture also extends over the umbilical wall. Ap- 
erture subcircular, with a rather strong angulated auricle at the 
posterior angle of the aperture. Peristome thin on the outer lip and 
somewhat thickened and reflected on the inner lip. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 515906, was collected by O. Haught in the 
Rio Cesar Valley, Magdalena, Colombia, at an altitude somewhere 
between 100 and 300 meters. It has a little more than 4 whorls and 
measures: Height, 17.5 mm.; greater diameter, 24 mm.; lesser di- 
ameter, 17.7 mm. Height of aperture, 12.8 mm.; diameter, 12.8 mm. 

The narrow umbilicus and globular form readily distinguish this 
species from all the other Austrocyclotus. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) PANAMENSE (Da Costa) 
PLATE 27, FIGURES 3-5 


1904. Neocyclotus panamensis Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 6, 
pl. 1, figs. 6-9. 

1912. Neocyclotus panamensis Kosext, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 
1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 886, pl. 131, figs. 15-17. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) panamensis H. B. BAxKkr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 137, p. 37. 


198 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


As we have not seen this species we give a translation of Da Costa’s 
description and copy his figure. 

Shell openly umbilicated, depressed, yellowish. Whorls 4.5, rounded, 
marked by incremental striae and obscure retuse corrugations. Peri- 
stome thin, simple, the margins joined by a callus. Operculum testa- 
ceous, closely wound with a threadlike carina at the suture, the middle 
concave. Altitude, 10 mm.; greater diameter, 15 mm.; lesser, 12 mm. 
[The aperture of Da Costa’s figure gives the following measure- 
ments; Height, 6.6 mm.; diameter, 6.4 mm. ] 

Habitat: Chiriqui, western Panama. 

The very broad umbilicus figured by Da Costa differentiates this 
from the other members of the group. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) STRAMINEUM (Reeve) 
PLATE 27, Figures 9-11 


1843. Cyclostoma stramineum REEVE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 46. 

1843. Cyclostoma stramineum SoweErBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 93, 
pl. 29, figs. 211-212. 

1852. Cyclotus stramineus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 20. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) stramineus KoseLtr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) stramineus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 137, p. 37, pl. 5, figs. N, O. 

Shell small, depressed-helicoid, unicolor, covered with a buff perios- 
tracum. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. 
Postnuclear whorls inflated, strongly rounded, appressed at the sum- 
mit and marked by numerous closely spaced axial riblets, which have 
a retractive and protractive arrangement, and the junction of which 
produces slender nodules, which increase in strength with the in- 
crease of the whorls. At the periphery these riblets have a decided 
retractive slant. On the last turn those near the suture are a little 
stronger and a little more protractively directed. Suture very nar- 
rowly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly umbili- 
cated, inflated, stongly rounded, and marked like the spire. This is 
also the sculpture of the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular, 
protracted into a conspicuous angle at the posterior angle of the 
aperture; peristome thin on the outer lip, thickened on the inner lip. 
The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which is slightly sep- 
arated from the preceding turn. Operculum typically aperostomid, 
concave in the middle, and having about 6 whorls. 

The specimen figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No. 316389. It 
has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 13.8 mm.; greater diameter, 
90.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.1 mm. Height of aperture, 8.3 mm.; 
diameter, 9.9mm. The type came from Merida, Venezuela. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 199 


There are six additional lots in the collection of the National 
Museum, as follows: U.S.N.M. No. 252579, 7 specimens from 6 miles 
west of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; U.S.N.M. No. 99535, 1 specimen 
from Puerto Cabello; U.S.N.M. No. 839944, 1 specimen from Patan- 
emo, near Puerto Cabello; U.S.N.M. No. 366506, 1 specimen from La 
Guayra, Venezuela; The following lots are labeled merely “Vene- 
zuela”; U.S.N.M. No. 356142, 3 specimens; U.S.N.M. No. 57767, 3 
specimens. 

The retractive slant of the riblets at the periphery and unicolor 
coloration distinguish this from all the medium-sized forms. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) AULARI (H. B. Baker) 
Puatge 27, Ficurres 12-14 


1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) glaucostoma aulari H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. 
Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 37-38, pl. 5, figs. K, L, M. 

Shell of medium size, helicoid, the early whorls pale orange-brown, 
the last olivaceous. At irregular intervals there are axial bands of 
brown, which give the shell a somewhat variegated pattern of 
coloration. The nucleus consists of 1.8 small, well-rounded, smooth 
turns; the postnuclear whorls are well rounded, bending downward 
into the suture and appressed to the summit, the appressed portion 
forming a slender raised thread, marked by the retractive and pro- 
tractive ribbing characteristic of the group, which produces the 
usual granulated pattern. Suture well impressed. Periphery obso- 
letely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbilicated, well 
rounded, and marked with the sculpture of the spire, but here the 
granulation is a little more pronounced. The umbilical wall is free 
of granulation, and shows mere lines of growth. Aperture circular; 
peristome simple, that of the inner lip somewhat thickened and re- 
flected; the outer sharp. There is a slight angulation at the posterior 
angle. Operculum typically aperostomid, having about 6 whorls. 

The specimen figured, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 140908, 
comes from the edge of the Cerritos de Yumarito, near Quebrado 
Seca, Estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. It measures: Height, 13.7 mm.; 
greater diameter, 21.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.2 mm. 

In coloration this species reminds one of A. (A.) lémellum, but it 
is easily differentiated from this by having a much broader umbilicus 
and in being less globular. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) GLAUCOSTOMUM (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 27, Ficures 18-19 


1855. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) glaucostomum PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
vol. 23, p. 108. 

1858. Cyclotus glaucostomus Prrirrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- 
tium, vol. 2, p. 20. 


200 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


1863. Cyclotus glaucostoma REEVE, Conchologica iconica, vol. 14, sp. 35. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) glaucostomus KopBeL_T and MOLLENDOoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) glaucostoma glaucostoma H. B. BAKER, Occ. Pap., 
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 38. 

Shell umbilicated, depressed-subturbinate, solid, sculptured with 
irregular oblique plications and striations on the upper surface, shin- 
ing, chestnut colored. Spire slightly conoid, apex obtuse, smooth. 
Whorls 4, convex, increasing rapidly in size, the last dilated an- 
teriorly, slightly minutely malleatedly granulose. Umbilicus per- 
vious, not equaling one-fourth the diameter of the shell. Aperture 
scarcely oblique, subrotund, bluish pearly within; peristome straight 
with a slight angle at the posterior angle. The inner lip somewhat 
thickened and arched. Altitude, 9 mm.; greater diameter, 18 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 14 mm. 

Habitat: Venezuela. 

As we have not seen this species, we give a translation of Pfeiffer’s 
description and copy Reeve’s figure. 

We believe this species to be related to A. (A.) aulari (H. B. 
Baker), from which the lesser size will differentiate it. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) PEILEI (Gude) 
PLATE 27, FIGURES 1-2 


1912. Neocyclotus peilei GupE, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 10, p. 22 (text fig.). 
1912. Neocyclotus peilei Kopertt, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, 
sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 896, pl. 187, figs. 14-15. 


We have not seen this species and so quote Gude’s description and 
copy his figures: 

“Shell somewhat narrowly umbilicated, depressed turbinate, more 
or less striated transversely, the striae being intersected by other 
striae descending obliquely forward, thus forming coarse granules 
arranged in quincunx, except in a few scattered places where a portion 
of either set of striae is continuous, in some instances even forming 
zigzag lines, while near the peristome the oblique striae tend to dis- 
appear and the granules become obsolete. Whorls 5, convex, increas- 
ing rather slowly at first, the last increasing rapidly, and dilated 
toward the mouth; earlier whorls pale, becoming gradually 
darker, last dark brown with blackish streaks at the lines of growth, 
descending slowly in front. Aperture circular, scarcely oblique; 
peristome simple, acute, slightly sinuate at the junction of the upper 
and columellar margins; operculum slightly concave. Diam. maj. 
39.5, min. 30 mm.; alt. 30 mm. 

“Type in the British Museum, presented by Major Peile. 


THD CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 201 


“Its nearest ally appears to be Veocyclotus Belli, Beddome, but that 
‘species is considerably larger, and lacks the coarse granules so con- 
spicuous a feature in the present species.” 
The type came from Colombia. Kobelt (loc. cit.) says “Alejandria 
near Medellin.” 
The extremely large size of this species readily distinguishes it from 
the other members of the subgenus. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) KUGLERI, new species 


PLATE 28, Ficures 1-3 


Shell helicoid, of pale brown color on the upper surface and buff 
on the lower. There are also present axial streaks of irregular width 
and spacing, of darker brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well- 
rounded, smooth turns; postnuclear whorls somewhat inflated, strongly 
rounded, appressed at the summit and marked near the summit by 
short axial rugae. Below this the usual sculpture of protractive and 
retractive closely spaced ribs is present, which gives to the surface 
a very regular granulated appearance. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, 
well rounded, and marked like the spire, with the granulation extend- 
ing over the edge of the umbilicus, but not over the entire surface. 
Aperture circular, with a slight auricle at the posterior angle; peris- 
tome simple, that of the inner lip much thickened and slightly 
reflected; the outer thin. The callus on the parietal wall shows a 
decided sinus near its junction with the columella. Operculum typ- 
ically aperostomid, of about 6 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 515924, was collected by Kugler at Riecito, 
District Acosta, Falcon, Venezuela. 

U.S.N.M. No. 515925 contains 21 topotypes, which show some varia- 
tion in size. The largest and smallest yield the following measure- 
ments: Height, 23.5 mm. and 16.8 mm.; greater diameter, 32.5 mm. and 
24.6 mm., respectively. 

In shape this species is nearest A. (A.) limellum. It lacks, however, 
the flattening near the summit of the whorls and is at once differen- 
tiated from it by the sinus in the callus of the parietal wall. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) CARABOBENSE, new species 
PLATE 28, FIGURES 4-6 
Shell small, helicoid, covered with a thin, yellowish, straw-colored 
periostracum. The nucleus consists of 1.6 small, well-rounded, smooth 


turns, forming a rather elevated apex. The postnuclear whorls are 
decidedly inflated, well-rounded, slightly flattened at the summit and 


202 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


marked by numerous short rugae on the flattened portion of the sum- 
mit, while the rest bear the usual retractive and protractive riblets re- 
sulting in the granulations characteristic of the group. Suture well 
impressed. Periphery obscurely angulated. Base narrowly um- 
bilicated, inflated, and marked by the granular sculpture characteristic 
of the spire, which extends slightly over the umbilical edge but does 
not cover all of the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, with a slight 
angulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple, the inner slightly 
thickened and reflected ; the outer sharp. The parietal wall is covered 
by a thin callus. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 339947, was collected by H. Pittier at 
Guaremales, Venezuela. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 13.4 
mm.; greater diameter, 18.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 13.3 mm. Height of 
aperture, 9.3 mm.; diameter, 8.8 mm. 

The small size readily distinguishes this species from others of the 
subgenus except A. (A.) burringtoni, which is still smaller. 


APEROSTOMA (AUSTROCYCLOTUS) BURRINGTONI, new species 
PLATE 28, Ficurres 16-18 


1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) granadensis rugata H. B. BAaxgr, Oce. Pap. Mus. 
Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 187, pp. 36-87, pl. 5, figs. P, Q. 

Shell very small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls pale reddish brown, the 
rest of the shell gradually fading to straw color on the last turn. The 
nucleus consists of 1.5 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the post- 
nuclear whorls are strongly rounded, somewhat flattened near the 
suture, and marked by rather regular axial riblets near the suture, 
which become wavy anteriorly, where they assume the granular sculp- 
ture characteristic of the group. Suture well impressed on the early 
whorls, less so on the last. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly 
umbilicated, inflated, rounded, marked by the same type of sculpture 
as that which characterizes the spire. This, however, becomes en- 
feebled toward the umbilicus, which is free of granulation. Aperture 
circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome simple; 
that of the inner lip somewhat thickened and reflected ; the outer sharp. 
Operculum typically aperostomid, of about 4 whorls. 

The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 104625, is one of four 
specimens collected by S. Brown at Cariaquita, Venezuela. It has 3.9 
whorls and measures: Height, 9.8 mm.; greater diameter, 13.4 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 9.7 mm. Height of aperture, 6.6 mm.; diameter, 
6.3 mm. 

The very small size of this species easily distinguishes it from all the 
other Austrocyclotus. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 203 


Subgenus NEocycLoTuUS Fischer and Crosse 


1886. Neocyclotus FIscHER and Cross, Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans 
VAmérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 148. 

1910. Neocyclotus Pitspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1910, p. 533 
(Cyclostoma dysoni Pfeiffer designated as type). 

Aperostomid mollusks with helicoid, openly umbilicated shell, 
marked by anastomosing axial sculpture. Aperture with the outer 
peristome acute, the inner somewhat thickened, and the posterior 
angle slightly drawn out. Operculum covered on the outside with a 
thick calcareous deposit, which forms a weak ridge on the inner edge 
of the whorls and tapers outwardly, its surface being obliquely 
striated. 

Type: Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni (Pfeiffer). 

Distribution : Southeastern Mexico to Colombia. 

A. (N.) dysoni ambiguum (v. Martens) yields the following data: 
Radula, 3:3: 3:2. Jaw without distinct median projection. Penis 
typically aperostomid, situated on back of neck behind the tentacles 
with penal groove and short terminal appendage. The mollusk that 
we refer to as A. (V.) dysoni hinkleyi was said by Crosse and 
Fischer to have the radula formula 3:3:3: 2. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS NEOCYCLOTUS ? 


Umbilicus narrow. 
Summit of whorls decidedly flattened____-__---_______-______-_- wetmorei 
Summit of whorls not decidedly flattened=_-=_-*=_- "= -—___2==- = dysoni 
Umbilicus wide. 
Umbilicus rapidly enlarged at last whorl. 


Suture of last whorl deeply channeled___---_----_--___- corpulentum 

Suture of last whorl not deeply channeled_--_--__--_~ sanctaemarthae 
Umbilicus not rapidly enlarged at last whorl; regularly increas- 

INE PrOMApeXe: serene a ee eS ee ee ooo chrysacme 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) WETMOREI, new species 


PLATE 41, Figures 13-15 


Shell subglobular, covered with a dark olivaceous-brown perios- 
tracum, which is axially irregularly streaked with wood-brown lines. 
Interior of aperture bluish white. with a livid cast. Nuclear whorls 
decollated in all our specimens. The postnuclear whorls are strongly 
rounded and marked by retractively slanting, more or less interrupted 
axial riblets, which give an almost nodulose aspect to the surface of 
the shell. The axial elements are separated from the interspaces by 
a width about equaling them. Suture moderately well constricted. 
Periphery strongly rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, nar- 
rowly openly umbilicated. The posterior half is marked like the 


2 We have not included A. (N.) smithi Pilsbry and Clapp in this key, as we have not seen 
specimens of it. 


204 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


upper surface, while the anterior half has the riblets more irregular 
and less nodulose. On the umbilical wall the axial riblets become 
somewhat intensified both in strength and irregularity. Aperture 
subcircular, slightly auriculated posteriorly. Outer lip of the peri- 
stome thin, the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is cov- 
ered by a moderately thick callus. Operculum typically neocyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No 536033, was collected by Dr. Alexander 
Wetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr., at Tierra Nueva, Sierra Negros, 
Magdalena, Colombia. It has 3.4 whorls remaining and measures: 
Height, 22.6 mm.; greater diameter, 28.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 
21.4 mm. Height of aperture, 15.4 mm.; diameter, 15.0 mm. 

The jaw is typically aperostomid, and the radula has the formula 
3:3:3: 2. 

U.S.N.M. No. 536034 contains six topotypes. 

This species resembles A. (V.) smitht Pilsbry and Clapp, from 
which it can readily be distinguished by its very narrow umbilicus. 
From the dysoni group it can be distinguished by its broadly flattened 
shoulder at the summit. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI (Pfeiffer) 


Shell helicoid, varying greatly in size in the different races, covered 
with a thin periostracum, which varies materially in color in the dif- 
ferent subspecies; it may be unicolor or bicolor, that is the base may 
be of a different shade from that of the spire. The nuclear turns are 
about 2, well rounded, smooth. The postnuclear whorls are well 
rounded and marked by vermiculations, which also vary greatly in 
strength in the different forms. The base is well rounded, openly 
umbilicated, the umbilication varying in width in the different races. 
The umbilical wall bears axial riblets that also vary in strength with 
the subspecies. Aperture almost circular; peristome simple, that of 
the inner lip usually thickened. Operculum typically neocyclotid. 

The following key will help to differentiate the subspecies: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI 


Shell gigantic; greater diameter more than 33 mm___________--_-___-_-_- dyeri 
Shell not gigantic; greater diameter less than 30 mm. 
Axial sculpture rather strongly vermiculated. 
Vermiculations fine and closely spaced. 
Shell large; greater diameter more than 27 mm___-_____ hinkleyi 
Shell small; greater diameter less than 22 mm-_____-- ruatanense 
Vermiculations not fine or closely spaced. 
Whorls somewhat flattened toward the summit. 


Greater diameter more than 25 mm_________-_-----___ dysoni 

Greater diameter less than 20 mm___--_-----__----__ aureum 
Whorls not flattened toward the summit. 

Columellar“tipithickened ses 552 = ere ee sumichrasti 


Columellar tip not thickened_-_-_--- =. = affine 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 205 


Axial sculpture not strongly vermiculated. 
Axial ribs of penultimate whorl! straight. 


Sculpture rough: and eoarse._- 2 ambiguum 
Sculpture not rough or coarse. 
Spiral’ bands 3 presentutr sta Sore ie berendti 
Spital) bands' ‘absent S.A S ee St te sallei 
Axial ribs of penultimate whorl not straight. 
ERAS a1 GOL Tees: Sees eee eee I oe pe valerioi 


Base not bicolor. 
Axial sculpture of umbilical wall very coarse___ nicaraguense 
Axial sculpture of umbilical wall not coarse______-___~ cookei 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI DYERI, new subspecies 
PLATE 28, FicuRES 31-33 


Shell gigantic for the species, helicoid, covered with an olivaceous- 
buff periostracum. When denuded the early whorls are rose red, the 
last soiled white; interior of aperture soiled white. The nucleus 
consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear 
turns are well rounded except near the summit, where they become 
flattened, almost forming a groove, but immediately at the summit 
they are again upturned and appressed to the preceding whorl. They 
are rather coarsely sculptured by irregular, wavy, anastomosing, re- 
tractively curved axial riblets. They are about as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. Suture slightly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base narrowly, openly umbilicated, inflated, and marked by 
the same type of sculpture as that which characterizes the upper sur- 
face of the last whorl. This type of sculpture stops at the outer edge 
of the umbilicus; the latter shows only coarse riblike incremental 
lines. Aperture almost circular, drawn out into an obtuse angle at 
the posterior angle of the aperture; peristome simple, that of the outer 
lip thin, while the columellar peristome is thickened and shows lines 
of growth; the inner lip extends up over the parieta] wall almost 
undiminished, leaving a channel between the preceding turn and its 
outer edge, which gives the last whorl a slightly solute aspect; how- 
ever the whorl itself is not solute, for the apex of the projection at the 
posterior angle is adnate to the preceding turn. The operculum is 
typically neocyclotid. 

The type U.S.N.M. No. 215592, was collected by F. J. Dyer at La 
Ceiba, Honduras. It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 24.6 mm. ; 
greater diameter, 33.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 23.3 mm. Height of 
aperture, 15.4 mm.; diameter, 16.8 mm. 

The following topotypes are also in the collection of the National 
Museum: No. 322333, 3 specimens; No. 424545, 10 specimens, and No. 
404673, 2 specimens. 

The large size of this subspecies readily differentiates it from the 
other subspecies of this group. 

4283494214 


206 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI HINKLEYI, new subspecies 
PLATE 28, F1cuRES 19-21 


Shell rather large, helicoid, covered with a brownish-olivaceous 
periostracum. The anterior two-fifths of the base and umbilical wall, 
however, is paler than the rest of the base, and this gives to the base 
a bicolor effect. When denuded all the whorls are soiled flesh colored ; 
interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of a little 
more than 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear 
whorls are well rounded except at the suture, where on the last whorl 
there is a decided groove a little below the summit; the summit itself 
is again elevated and appressed to the preceding turn. The postnu- 
clear whorls are marked by strong, retractively curved, anastomosing, 
irregularly wavy riblets, which are as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. These riblets are rather fine compared with most of the mem- 
bers of the genus, and closely spaced. Suture well impressed. Periph- 
ery well rounded. Base inflated, strongly rounded, openly umbili- 
cated, the width of the umbilicus being about one-fifth of the diameter 
of the shell. The base is marked by the continuation of the sculpture, 
which characterizes the upper surface of the last turn. The umbilical 
wall, however, has only riblike incremental elements, which extend 
upon the base slightly beyond the outer edge of the umbilicus. Aper- 
ture almost circular, slightly drawn out at the junction of the outer 
and basal lip and provided with a slender auricle at the posterior 
angle; peristome simple; the outer lip sharp, the inner thickened and 
somewhat reflected, extending up over the parietal wall almost un- 
diminished to the posterior angle. The space between the peristome 
of the parietal wall and the preceding whorl is an impressed groove, 
which gives the impression of the last whorl being slightly solute. 
This, however, is not the case, for the tip of the little auricle is ap- 
pressed to the preceding turn. The parietal callus forms a concave 
sinus as it slopes toward the columella. Operculum typically neo- 
cyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523968, was collected by F. Sarg in Guate- 
mala. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 19.7 mm.; greater 
diameter, 28.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.4 mm. Height of aperture, 
14.2 mm.; diameter, 14.6 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 32056 contains two topotypes. 

In addition to these there are eight lots in the collection of the 
United States National Museum, all from Guatemala, as follows: 
No. 426003, 2 specimens from Cacao Finca, Trece Aguas, near Senahu, 
Alta Vera Paz; No. 365367, 1 specimen from Chama, Alta Vera Paz; 
No. 365666, 2 specimens from Chama, Alta Vera Paz; No. 226026, 2 
specimens from Cacao; No. 425985, 3 specimens from the vicinity of 
Secanquim, Alta Vera Paz, at an altitude of 550 meters; No. 185498, 


{HE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 207 


3 specimens from the vicinity of Secanquim, Alta Vera Paz No. 
271019, 5 specimens from Myra Farm, Quirigua; No. 250694, 3 speci- 
mens from Finca de Providencia. 

The following four are without specific locality: U.S.N.M. No. 
57769, 4 specimens; U.S.N.M. No. 162314, 8 specimens; U.S.N.M. 
No. 316392, 2 specimens, and U.S.N.M. No. 316390, 2 specimens. 

This subspecies shares with A. (V.) dysoni ruatanense the fine, 
closely spaced vermiculation and the bicolor base, but it differs from 
it in being much larger. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI RUATANENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 28, FicurEs 7-9 


Shell moderately large, helicoid, covered with a dark straw-colored 
periostracum; when denuded, soiled white. The nucleus consists of 
2 small, well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are 
strongly rounded, slightly bent in toward the suture at the summit, 
and marked by strong axial anastomosing retractively curved ver- 
miculations, which are separated by spaces about as wide as the 
riblets. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. 
Base narrowly openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well rounded, 
and marked like the spire, except the umbilical wall, which is marked 
by riblike incremental elements. Aperture circular, except a slight 
angulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple, thin on the 
outer lip and thickened on the columellar side. A strong callus 
covers the parietal wall. There is a groove between this callus and 
the preceding turn, which gives the peristome a complete aspect. 
An oval incised sinus is present on the parietal wall. Operculum 
typically neocyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 364702, was collected by F. J. Dyer on 
Ruatan Island, Honduras. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 
13.3 mm.; greater diameter, 19.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 14 mm. 
Height of aperture, 9.6 mm.; diameter, 9.5 mm. 

This race resembles A. (V.) dysoni hinkleyi in sculpture and in 
the bicolor basal coloration but is easily distinguished from this by 
lacking the impressed groove below the summit and by its much 
smaller size. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI DYSONI (Pfeiffer) 


PLATE 28, FIGURES 28-30 


1851. Cyclostoma dysoni Preirrer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol, 19, p. 243. 

1852. Cyclophorus dysoni P¥reirrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 98. 

1853. Cyclostoma dysoni PreirrEr, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 
1, sect. 19, p. 259, pl. 35, figs 5-6. 


208 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


1858. Cyclotus dysoni PrEIrreR, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 2, p. 19. 

1860. Platystoma (Aperostoma) dysoni MércH, Malak. Blitter, vol. 7, p. 66. 

1888. Neocyclotus dysoni FiscHER and Crosse, Mission scientifique au Mexique 
et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 164, in part. 

1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni voN Martens, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 
p. 3, in part. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni H. B. BAKER, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 33. 

Shell rather large, helicoid, covered by an olivaceous straw-colored 
periostracum, in which the last whorl has an orange tinge. The 
anterior half of the base has a paler coloration than the posterior 
half, which gives this a bicolor aspect; interior of the aperture 
bluish white. When denuded the shell is soiled white. The nucleus 
consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear 
whorls are well rounded; the last one has an impressed groove a 
little below the summit, which is upturned and appressed to the 
preceding turn almost forming a cord. The postnuclear whorls are 
marked by rather coarse, vermiculated, slightly retractively slanting 
riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. 
Suture well marked. Periphery well rounded. Base openly um- 
bilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by the continuation 
of the sculpture that characterizes the upper surface of the last 
whorl, except the umbilical wall, which is marked only by riblike 
incremental lines. Aperture circular, except the slightly drawn-out 
angle at the posterior angle; peristome simple, that of the outer lip 
thin; the inner somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is covered 
by a thick callus, which continues the columellar lip to the posterior 
angle. There is a deep impressed line behind the parietal callus, 
which is slightly lunately incised. The operculum is typically 
neocyclotid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
321029, received from Sowerby and Fulton and labeled “Honduras.” 
It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 
25.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 18 mm. Height of aperture, 13 mm.; 
diameter, 138 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 316388 contains two specimens received from Cum- 
ing from Honduras; U.S.N.M. No. 321025, three specimens collected. 
by C. T. Simpson in Spanish Honduras. 

This subspecies most closely resembles A. (W.) dysont aureum. 
Like awrewm, it does not have the axial riblets fine or closely spaced, 
and like it it has the whorls somewhat flattened toward the summit, 
but it is easily distinguished from awrewm by its much larger size, 
exceeding 25 mm. in greater diameter, while aurewm has less than 
20 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 209 
APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI AUREUM, new subspecies 
PLATE 28, Fiagures 13-15 


1886. Neocyclotus dysoni FiscHER and Crosse (part), Mission scientifique au 
mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pl. 39, fig. 10. 

Shell small, helicoid, covered with a golden straw-colored periostra- 
cum. When denuded, soiled white; interior of aperture bluish white. 
The nucleus consists of almost 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, slightly flattened below 
the suture on the last whorl and marked by decidedly retractively 
curved vermiculations, which are rather distantly spaced. Suture 
strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly openly 
umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continua- 
tion of the same type of sculpture as that characterizing the upper 
surface of the last whorl, except the umbilical wall, which is marked 
by riblike incremental lines only. Aperture rather small, almost cir- 
cular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome thin on the 
outer lip, somewhat thickened on the inner lip, with a strong callus cov- 
ering the parietal wall, which is slightly emarginate. Operculum typ. 
ically neocyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523970, comes from Panistlahuaca, Oaxaca, 
Mexico. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 14.2 mm.; greater 
diameter, 18.6 mm.3 lesser diameter, 13.7 mm. Height of aperture, 8.7 
mm.; diameter, 9.4 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 320656 contains three topotypes. 

This subspecies resembles A. (V.) dysoni dysoné (Pfeiffer) in having 
the vermiculations not fine or closely spaced but is easily distinguished 
from it by its coloration aud by being much smaller. The greater di- 
ameter is less than 20 mm., while in dysonz it is more than 25 mm. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI SUMICHRASTI, new subspecies 
PLATE 28, FIGURES 25-27 


Shell helicoid. Nuclear whorls eroded in all our specimens. Post- 
nuclear whorls strongly rounded, with a depressed slight groove a lit- 
tle anterior to the summit of the last whorl. The summit itself is ap- 
pressed to the preceding turn. The whorls are marked by retractively 
slanting anastomosing axial riblets, which are rather strong and sepa- 
rated by spaces a little wider than the riblets. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly, openly umbilicated, inflated. 
strongly rounded and marked like the upper surface of the last whorl, 
except the umbilical wall, which is marked by strong riblike incremen- 
tal elements. Aperture large, subcircular, with a rather conspicuous 
angulation at the posterior angle, which bears a slight groove in the 
middle; peristome simple, outer lip thin; the inner thickened and very 


210 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


strongly arched, forming a decidedly sigmoid line with the callus of 
the parietal wall. The parietal callus is thick and separated from 
the preceding whorl by a stronger impressed line. Operculum typi- 
cally neocyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 523674, was collected by F. E. Sumichrast in 
Chontales Forest, Nicaragua. It has 3.2 whorls remaining and meas- 
ures: Height, 17.4 mm.; greater diameter, 23.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 
16.3mm. Height of aperture, 12 mm.; diameter, 13.1 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 24023 contains 2 topotypes. 

In size and sculpture this subspecies recalls A. (V.) dysoni affine 
(v. Martens), from which it can be distinguished by its more thickened 
inner lip, which is also more incised on the parietal wall. The pos- 
terior angle of the aperture is also much more strongly angulated and 
the aperture is not quite so wide. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI AFFINE (von Martens) 
PLATE 28, Ficures 22-24 


1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni ajfinis VON Martens, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) dysoni afinis Kopett and MOLLENDORFF, 
Nachrbl. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni affinis H. B. Baker, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 34. 

Shell rather large, helicoid, rather thin, covered with an olivaceous 
straw-colored periostracum; the anterior half of the base is a little 
paler than the rest. The denuded early whorls are of livid color; 
the later turns, when denuded, are soiled white. The nucleus con- 
sists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls 
are strongly rounded, except the last, which has an impressed groove 
a little below the summit while at the summit it is appressed to the pre- 
ceding turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by vermiculated, 
retractively slanting axial riblets, which are a little more distantly 
spaced than the spaces that separate them. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, marked on 
the posterior half by the sculpture corresponding to that of the 
upper surface of the last turn. The anterior half and umbilical 
wall are marked by rather coarse, rather riblike incremental elements. 
Aperture subcircular; peristome simple, rather effuse on the outer lip, 
not greatly thickened on the inner lip. The parietal wall is covered 
by a moderately thick callus. The junctions of the parietal wall and 
the outer lip form a slight angle at the posterior angle of the aperture. 
Operculum typically neocyclotid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of five, U.S.N.M. No. 
9928661, collected by August Busck in Panama. It has 4.4 whorls and 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA DEE 


measures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 25.8 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 17.7 mm. Height of aperture, 12 mm.; diameter, 13 mm. 

This subspecies resembles A. (V.) dysoni sumichrasti but is larger, 
with a thinner, less effuse columellar lip and a more effuse outer 
lip. The posterior angle of the aperture also is less strongly produced. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI AMBIGUUM (von Martens) 
PLATE 28, FiaurREsS 10-12 


1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni ambiguus voN MARTENS, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, p. 4. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) dysoni ambiguus KoseLtr and MOLLENDORFF, 
Nachrb. deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni ambiguus H. B. Baxer, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 34. 

Shell moderately large, helicoid, covered with an olivaceous straw- 
colored periostracum. The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth 
turns. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly, evenly rounded, 
not flattened at the summit. The riblets on the penultimate whorl 
are straight and retractively curved; on the last whorl, the last half 
of which is very short, rough, and coarse, the axial sculpture assumes 
a vermiculated form separated by spaces a little wider than the ribs. 
Suture rendered strongly impressed by the slightly inbent summit 
of the turns. Periphery well rounded. Base quite narrowly umbili- 
cated, strongly inflated and rounded. The posterior half is marked 
like the upper surface of the last turn; the anterior half is marked 
by very rough, riblike, flattened incremental elements. Aperture 
subcircular, slightly protracted at the posterior angle; peristome 
simple, the outer lip thin, the inner lip a little expanded and a little 
reflected near the umbilicus. The parietal wall is covered by a mod- 
rately thick callus. Operculum typically neocyclotid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
56966, collected by the Mexican Geographical Commission at Jalapa, 
Veracruz, Mexico. It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 16.7 
mm.; greater diameter, 22.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.3 mm. Height 
of aperture, 11 mm.; diameter, 11.5 mm. 

Three additional lots are in the collection of the National Museum: 
No. 58314, one specimen from Actopan, Veracruz, collected by the 
Mexican Geographical Commission; the other two lots are labeled 
“Mexico,” without specific locality. One of these, No. 321009, con- 
tains one specimen collected by Sallé; the other, No. 321026, con- 
tains two specimens from the Redfield collection. 

This subspecies recalls A. (V.) dysont berendti (Pfeiffer) but can 
readily be differentiated by its larger size and the absence of spiral 
markings. 


212 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI BERENDTI (Pfeiffer) 


PLATE 29, FIGURES 46 


1861. Cyclotus (?) berendti PretrrEr, Malak. Blatter, vol. 8, p. 171. 

1863. Cyclotus berendti Prrirrer, Nov. Conch., vol. 2, p. 282, pl. 59, figs. 22-23. 

1886. Neocyclotus berendti FIscHER and Cross£, Mission scientifique au Mexique 
et dans ’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, pl. 38, figs. 4-5. 

1888. Neocyclotus berendti FiscHER and CrossE, ibid., vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 167. 

1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni berendti voN MARTENS, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Moll., p. 5. 

1891. Cyclotus dysoni form multilineatus Pitspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 
delphia, 1891, p. 325. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyciotus) berendti H. B. BAxkrr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 33. 

Shell depressed, somewhat helicoid, covered with an olivaceous 
straw-colored periostracum showing spiral white lines. The nucleus 
consists of 2.2 small, rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls 
are strongly rounded, appressed at the summit, and marked on the 
penultimate whorl /by straight, retractively curved axial riblets, 
which here are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. On 
the last turn the axial sculpture becomes vermiculated with a re- 
tractive slant. The axial sculpture is not strong. Suture rendered 
strongly impressed by the inbent summit of the whorls. Periphery 
well rounded. Base narrowly openly umbilicated, inflated, rounded, 
with the axial sculpture characteristic of the upper surface of the 
last turn, bending over the posterior half of the base, gradually fad- 
ing toward its center. The anterior half and the umbilical wall 
are marked by strong, riblike, incremental elements. Aperture sub- 
circular, with a slight angulation at the posterior angle; outer lip 
thin, effuse; the inner lip much less strongly curved than the outer 
and somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is rendered complete 
by the continuation of the peristome from the columella to the pos- 
terior angle. This renders the last whorl slightly solute; in some 
specimens decidedly so. The parietal callus is ovally incised. Oper- 
culum typically neocyclotid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of 10, U.S.N.M. No. 
251715, collected by Nelson and Goldman at Chichen Itza, Yucatan. 
It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 13.5 mm.; greater diameter, 
19.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 14 mm. Height of aperture, 8.38 mm.; 
diameter, 9.2 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 467450 contains four additional specimens from the 
same locality, while U.S.N.M. No. 424551 contains 45 specimens 
in various stages of growth from the same locality collected by Mr. 
and Mrs. Walter M. Gilbert, U.S.N.M. No. 162495 contains one speci- 
men received from H. von Ihering labeled “Yucatan”; U.S.N.M. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 213 


No. 251716, seven specimens collected by Nelson and Goldman at 
Campeche, Campeche, Mexico. 

The partially solute last turn, somewhat depressed spire, and spiral 
lines will differentiate this from the other subspecies. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI SALLEI, new name 
PLate 29, Ficures 7-9 


1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) dysoni minor von Martens, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, pl. 1, fig. 2 (not Cyclotus corrugatior minor Chitty, 1857). 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dysoni minor H. B. Baxer, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 33. 

Shell very small, helicoid, the early whorls pale pinkish, the later 
darker pink, and the last olive colored with axial darker streaks; 
interior of the aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 
small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are some- 
what inflated, strongly rounded ; the penultimate one marked by very 
regular, retractively slanting axial riblets, which are as wide as the 
spaces that separate them. On the last turn these riblets become 
enfeebled and vermiculated and a little more distantly spaced. 
Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base nar- 
rowly openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked on the 
posterior half by the weak continuation of the sculpture character- 
izing the upper surface of the last whorl. The umbilical wall shows 
mere incremental lines. Aperture subcircular; peristome thin, the 
outer effuse at the junction of the basal and outer lip; the inner 
strongly curved and somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is cov- 
ered by a moderately thick callus. There is an oval concave flexure 
extending from the posterior angle to the columella. Operculum 
typically neocyclotid. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
151376, collected by Salléin Yucatan. It has 4 whorls and measures: 
Height, 11 mm.; greater diameter, 14.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 10.9 mm. 
Height of aperture, 7 mm.; diameter, 7.2 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 68008 contains another specimen without specific 
locality. 

Its small size will readily differentiate this from all the other races. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI VALERIOI, new subspecies 
PLATE 29, FiaurEs 19-21 


Shell rather large, helicoid, all but the last whorl pale rose colored ; 
the last whorl pale olive with the anterior half of the base lighter. 
There are also axial streaks of dark olive. The nucleus consists 
of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls 


214 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


are somewhat inflated, well rounded. The penultimate whorl is 
marked by somewhat wavy, retractively slanting axial ribs; the 
waviness and vermiculations of these become intensified on the 
last turn, the last part of which is very rough and irregular in 
sculpture. The last whorl rounds evenly toward the summit, leav- 
ing, however, a narrow, somewhat thickened, rounded cord near the 
suture. Suture well impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base 
narrowly openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded and marked by 
the continuation of the sculpture, which characterizes the upper 
surface of the last whorl, except the umbilical wall, in which 
the vermiculations are not present, and which is marked by moder- 
ately rough riblike incremental elements. Aperture very broadly 
pear-shaped, produced at the posterior angle; peristome simple, the 
outer lip slightly thickened; the inner a trifle more so. The parietal 
wall is covered by a callus as thick as the columellar lip, and separated 
from the preceding turn by a well-impressed groove. Operculum 
typically neocyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524003, was received from M. Valerio and 
comes from an elevation of 1,480 meters at Cervantes, Costa Rica. 
It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 20 mm.; greater diameter, 
26 mm.; lesser diameter, 18 mm. Height of aperture, 12.5 mm.; 
diameter, 12.9 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 525005 contains three topotypes from the same source. 

This subspecies has the axial ribs of the penultimate whorl vermicu- 
lated and the base bicolor, characters that differentiate it from A. (¥.) 
nicaraguense, in which the base is not bicolor. A. (W.) nicaraguense 
also is smaller. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI NICARAGUENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 29, Figures 16-18 


Shell of medium size, helicoid, covered by a pale olivaceous peri- 
ostracum, with the early whorls pinkish. The nucleus consists of 2 
small well-rounded whorls. The postnuclear whorls are strongly 
rounded; the penultimate one is marked by wavy axial riblets, which 
are a little narrower than the spaces that separate them. The last 
whorl is marked by feeble, more wavy, slightly vermiculated axial 
riblets, which grow irregular on the last portion of this turn. There 
is a slight impressed area a little below the summit, which is tumid. 
Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base quite nar- 
rowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the con- 
tinuation of the sculpture, which characterizes the upper surface of 
the last turn and which extends to the umbilical wall. The umbilical 
wall is marked by irregular low riblike incremental lines. Aperture 
very broadly ovate, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 215 


simple, both the outer and inner lips somewhat thickened. The pari- 
etal wall is covered by a heavy callus, which renders the peristome com- 
plete. There is a slight impressed line between this callus and the 
preceding turn. Operculum typically neocyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524005, comes from Polvon, Nicaragua. It 
has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 16.5 mm.; greater diameter, 21.1 
mm.; lesser diameter, 15.1 mm. Height of aperture, 10.8 mm.; diame- 
ter, 10.6 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 408779 contains 17 topotypes. U.S.N.M. No. 36863 
contains 20 specimens collected by Dr. Flint in Nicaragua. U.S.N.M. 
No. 347613, 1 specimen from Dirio, Nicaragua. 

The following four lots came from Nicaragua without specific local- 
ity : U.S.N.M. No. 43478, 3 specimens; U.S.N.M. No. 21729, 1 specimen 5 
U.S.N.M. No. 57770, 3 specimens; and U.S.N.M. No. 11249, 2 specimens. 

This subspecies, while related to A. (W.) dysoné valerioi, can readily 
be distinguished from it by not having the base bicolor. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) DYSONI COOKEI, new subspecies 


Puate 29, Ficures 10-12 


Shell rather small, helicoid. The first whorl pale flesh colored; 
all but the last of the succeeding turns rose-red ; the latter bright olive 
or pale chestnut-brown. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded. The 
penultimate turn is marked by wavy axial riblets, which are not quite 
so wide as the spaces that separate them. On the last whorl these 
riblets become more wavy, slightly vermiculated, and less strongly 
developed, becoming evanescent on the last portion of the turn. Suture 
rather strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly 
umbilicated, inflated, marked by the same sculpture found on the upper 
surface of the last whorl, except on the umbilical wall, which shows 
feeble riblike incremental lines. Aperture subcircular, with an angu- 
lation at the posterior angle, somewhat effuse at the junction of the 
basal and outer lip; peristome simple, the outer thin; the inner slightly 
thickened and a little more curved than the outer. The parietal wall 
with a moderately thick callus. Operculum typically neocyclotid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524006, was collected by C. Wythe Cooke, for 
whom the species is named, at Uaxactun, Peten Province, Guatemala. 
It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 12.6 mm.; greater diameter, 
16.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 12mm. Height of aperture, 8.3 mm.; diam- 
eter, 8.2 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 382745 contains 140 topotypes representing various 
stages of development which show great variation in size. The ex- 
tremes are represented by the following figures: The smallest has 3.7 


216 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


whorls and measures: Height, 7.6 mm.; greater diameter, 15 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 8 mm. Height of aperture, 5.1 mm.; diameter, 5.5 
mm. The largest specimen has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 14.1 
mm.; greater diameter, 19.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 14.6 mm. Height 
of aperture, 8.9 mm.; diameter, 9.5 mm. 

This species is quite widely distributed; we have it from the follow- 
ing Guatemalan stations: U.S.N.M. No. 377979, 1 specimen collected 
by H. F. Loomis at Uaxactun, Peten Province; U.S.N.M. No. 302030, 
42 specimens collected by W. Popenoe at Magalango; U.S.N.M. No. 
423977, 7 specimens collected by H. van der Schalie 114 miles south 
of Flores, Peten Province; U.S.N.M. No. 423978, 5 specimens collected 
by van der Schalie 2 km. south of Puebla Nueva, Peten Province; 
U.S.N.M. No. 423976, 6 specimens collected by van der Schalie 2 km. 
south of Puebla Nueva, Peten Province; U.S.N.M. No. 484860, 1 speci- 
men collected by O. F. Cook at Cacao. 

In addition to these, there are 10 lots of this subspecies from British 
Honduras, as follows: U.S.N.M. No. 251123, 1 specimen from near 
Punta Gorda, 7 miles west of the Caribbean Sea, collected by J. Lyman ; 
U.S.N.M. No. 382737, 33 specimens collected by C. Wythe Cooke at 
El Cayo, 1 mile on the Benque Viejo road; U.S.N.M. No. 382738, 37 
specimens collected by C. Wythe Cooke at the foot of a limestone hill, 
left bank of the Belize River 114 miles above El Cayo; U.S.N.M. No. 
382714, 36 specimens collected west of Gales Point by C. Wythe Cooke; 
U.S.N.M. No. 193018, 2 specimens from the Cayo District collected by 
W. A. Stanton. 

Several others do not have specific localities but are labeled merely 
“Honduras.” These are: U.S.N.M. No. 356080, 4 specimens collected 
by J. H. Campbell; U.S.N.M. No. 316388, 1 specimen; U.S.N.M. No. 
150728, 6 specimens collected by Ingersoll; U.S.N.M. No. 150734, 1 
specimen collected by W. A. Stanton; U.S.N.M. No. 20111, 1 specimen 
collected by Dyson. 

This subspecies is nearest related to A. (W.) nicaraguense, but dif- 
fers from it in having the axial sculpture within the umbilicus much 
more feebly developed, as well as in being much smaller. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) SMITHI Pilsbry and Clapp 
PLATE 30, FIGURES 22, 27 


1902. Aperostoma smithi Pitspry and Crapp, Nautilus, vol. 15, pp, 185-136, pl. 
7, figs. 5, 8. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) smithi H. B. Baxer, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 33. 


We have not seen specimens of this species and copy Pilsbry and 
Clapp’s description and figure: 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA P17 


“Shell rather narrowly, deeply umbilicate, low-turbinate, very dark 
chestnut with indistinct wide, black streaks, the eroded inner whorls 
dull red; moderately solid. Surface glossy, with sculpture of close 
rib-striae, which are a little waved or crimped. Whorls fully 4, con- 
vex, rapidly widening. Aperture large, moderately oblique, circular, 
a trifle angular above. Peristome blunt, continuous, in contact with 
the preceding whorl for a short distance only. Umbilicus deep, its 
diameter contained 9 or 10 times in that of the shell. 

“Alt. 14, diam. 20 mm.; length of aperture 10.5, width 10 mm. 

“Alt. 14.5, diam. 19.5 mm.; length of aperture 10.8, width 10 mm. 
Operculum whitish externally, composed of about 6 flat whorls around 
a sunken, corneous nucleus about 1 mm. diam. Internally there is a 
slight central mucro, which lies just within the edge of the dull scar 
of attachment. Diam. 9 mm. 

“Santa Marta Mts. at El Libano [Colombia], at 6,500 feet eleva- 
tion, under decaying leaves in forest. 

“Tt is about the size of A. dysonz, but with stronger, straighter rib- 
striae and slightly more oblique aperture. A. pazi Crosse is somewhat 
similar, but has a wider umbilicus, smaller aperture and is more de- 
pressed, A. smithi has a much smaller umbilicus than A. sanctae- 
marthae at any stage of growth; the aperture is larger and more 
oblique, the color is darker, and the operculum differs. This species 
is respectfully dedicated to Mr. H. H. Smith.” 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) CORPULENTUM (E. A. Smith) 
PLatTe 29, Fiacures 1-3 


1878. Cyclotus corpulentus B. A. SmairH, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 2, p. 482. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) corpulentus KoBeLt and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) corpulentus H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 137, p. 48. 

Shell helicoid, covered with a bright chestnut-brown periostracum, 
which is of about the same shade on the spire and base; interior of 
aperture pale buff. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded and 
marked by weak, slender, wavy, somewhat vermiculated axial riblets, 
which become decidedly reduced on the last portion of the last turn. 
Suture profoundly broadly channeled. Periphery well rounded. 
Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by 
the continuation of the axial riblets, which pass over the umbilical 
wall. Aperture very large, almost circular, slightly flattened toward 
the base and weakly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome sim- 
ple; outer lip thin; inner lip thickened. The parietal wall is covered 


218 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


by a thick callus, which is separated from the preceding turn by a 
slender groove which renders the peritreme complete. Operculum 
typically neocyclotid, having 7 whorls. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 192951, was col- 
lected by H. Pittier in the Rio Frio Basin, Sierra Nevada de Santa 
Martha Mountains, at an altitude of 1,200 meters, San Andres, Colom- 
bia. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 20.1 mm.; greater 
diameter, 31 mm.; lesser diameter, 20 mm. Height of aperture, 
14.6 mm.; diameter, 14.9 mm. 

This species resembles A. (V.) sanctaemarthae Pilsbry and Clapp, 
from which it can be distinguished readily, however, by its exceed- 
ingly deeply and broadly channeled suture and by its larger aperture. 


APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) SANCTAEMARTHBAE Pilsbry and Clapp 
PLATE 29, FIGURES 22-24 


1902. Aperostoma sanctaemarthae PitsBpry and CLApp, Nautilus, vol. 15, pp. 
134-185, pl. 7, figs. 9-10. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) sanctaemarthae H. B. BAKEr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 48. 

Shell helicoid, covered with a broad, rather dark chestnut-brown 
periostracum; interior of aperture pale buff with a bluish tinge. The 
nucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by slender, 
wavy, somewhat vermiculated, retractively curved axial ribs. Suture 
strongly impressed, with a slight narrow channel on the last quarter 
of the last turn. Periphery strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbili- 
cated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of 
the axial ribs, which grow into rather strong riblets on the umbilical 
wall. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; 
peristome simple, the outer lip moderately thickened; the inner a 
little more so. A moderately straight callus covers the parietal wall, 
from which it is separated by an impressed line, thus rendering the 
peritreme complete. Operculum typically neocyclotid, showing 7 
volutions. 

The type, Carnegie Mus. No. 62.15065, comes from Las Nubes Estate, 
4,000 feet elevation, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. It has 4.3 
whorls and measures: Height, 19.5 mm.; greater diameter, 31.4 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 21.2 mm. Height of aperture, 13.4 mm.; diameter, 
14.4 mm. 

This species is nearest related to A. (N.) corpulentum (E. A. 
Smith), from which it can be readily distinguished by its much 
less channeled suture and smaller aperture. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 219 
APEROSTOMA (NEOCYCLOTUS) CHRYSACME, new species 
Prate 29, Ficures 13-15 


1906. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) chrysacme [Bartsch] FtLucx, Nautilus, vol. 
20, p. 4 (nomen nudum). 

Shell depressed-helicoid; the first 1.5 and the last 1.5 turns straw 
colored; the intermediate whorls golden. The last whorl in addi- 
tion shows broad, regular hydrophanous zones, of which 3 are 
present between the summit and periphery and 8 on the anterior 
half of the base. The nucleus consists of 1.7 very small, strongly 
rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are marked by wavy, 
vermiculated, slender riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. The last whorl slightly deflected. Base openly umbili- 
cated, strongly rounded, and marked with the sculpture character- 
izing the upper surface of the last turn. In the umbilical wall, 
however, the axial sculpture consists of regular straight poorly de- 
veloped riblets. Aperture large, circular; outer lip thin, somewhat 
effuse and slightly reflected; inner lip somewhat thickened. The 
parietal wall is covered by a callus. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 186112, was collected by the Rev. William 
H. Fluck near Wani, Nicaragua. It has 5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 13.2 mm.; greater diameter, 20.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 14 
mm. Height of aperture, 9 mm.; diameter, 9.3 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 524007, a topotype, is a little larger but is a badly 
worn specimen that shows the inner peristome much thickened, par- 
ticularly on the parietal wall. The extremely low spire will readily 
distinguish this from the other species. 


Subgenus CYLCOPOMOPS, new name 


1847. Cyclopoma TroscHEL, Arch. Naturg., vol. 13, p. 381 (not Cyclopoma Agas- 
siz, Recherches sur les poissons fossiles . . ., vol. 4, p. 17, 1833). 

Small amphicyclotid mollusks having the inflated whorls marked 
by elevated axial ribs. Umbilicus open. Operculum too large to 
be withdrawn into the aperture. 

Type: Aperostoma (Cyclopomops) moricandi (Pfeiffer). 

Distribution: Bahia, Brazil. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOPOMOPS) MORICANDI (Pfeiffer) 
Prats 40, Fiacures 7-9 


1846. Cyclostoma disjunctum Moricanp, Mem. Soc. Genéve, vol. 11, p. 158, pl. 5, 
figs. 26-29 (not Cyclostoma disjuncta Matheron, Ann. Sci. Midi France, 
vol. 3, p. 59, 1832). 

1847. Cyclophorus disjunctus Preirrmr, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 108. 

1847. Cyclopoma disjunctum TroscHEt, Archiv Naturg., vol. 2, p. 381. 


220 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


1852. Cyclostoma moricandi PFEIFFER, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 9, p. 64. 
1897. Amphicyclotus moricandi PFEIFFER, KOBELT and MOLLENDORIF, Nachrb., 
deutschen malak, Ges., vol. 29, p. 1389. 

Shell minute, helicoid, bluish white. The nucleus consists of 1.5 
inflated, well-rounded whorls, of which the first half turn is smooth; 
the rest bears 7 slender spiral threads. Postnuclear whorls inflated, 
strongly rounded. The first half turn bears the continuation of the 
spiral threads characterizing the nucleus and all the whorls, but the 
last four turns are marked by rather strong, distantly spaced, very 
regular scalariform axial ribs. Of these axial ribs 24 are present on 
the first turn and 30 on the second; on the remaining quarter of a turn 
they become gradually much more closely approximated and not quite 
so regular. In the broad spaces between the axial ribs microscopic 
incremental lines are present. Suture very strongly constricted. 
Periphery well rounded. Last whorl decidedly solute. Base openly 
umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded and marked by the continua- 
tion of the axial ribs, which extend over the umbilical wall, and slender 
raised spiral hair lines, which are of equal strength but not of equal 
spacing. The operculum is concave on the outside, the edge being a 
deep groove separating the basal chondroid plate from the outer edge 
of the lamella. The calcareous lamella consists of about 11 obliquely 
outward-directed whorls which form a continuous concave surface; 
they are separated by a mere impressed line and are marked by numer- 
ous, closely spaced, slender, retractively curved threads. The center 
of the inner surface is raised into a papilla which has a central pit. 

Of the animal Moricand also says that Blanchet, who sent him the 
specimens, wrote him that the tentacles were conical and that the eyes 
were placed at their base. The large specimen here figured has a little 
more than 4 whorls and measures: Height, 4 mm.; greater diameter, 
& mm.; lesser diameter, 3.8 mm. 

Type locality : Province of Bahia, Brazil. 

One of the two specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia, No. 12955, from Brazil, which were kindly lent to us for 
study, had a dried animal in it which yielded a radula having the 
formula 3: 4:3: 2. 

To the casual observer, this most remarkable little mollusk would be 
deemed a member of the Oriental genus Platyraphie. In shape, nuclear 
and postnuclear sculpture, as well as in opercular characters, it re- 
sembles closely certain members of Platyraphe complex from the 
Philippines, but it lacks the internal sutural tube and puncture of 
that genus. It will be interesting to see what the soft anatomy will pro- 
claim when a comparative study has been made. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 21. 


Subgenus APEROSTOMA Troschel 
1847. Aperostoma TroscHEL, Zeitschr. Malak., vol. 4, p. 44. 


Aperostomine shells in which the heavy calcareous deposit of the 
adjacent turns of the operculum are fused. This deposit is a little 
higher on the inner edge of the turns. The shells have an entire 
aperture and a peripheral band. Their sculpture consists of fine axial 
riblets; sometimes malleations are present. The aperture is wider 
than high. 

Type: Aperostoma (Aperostoma) blanchetianwm (Moricand). 

Distribution : Costa Rica to eastern Brazil. 

The radula formula of A. (A.) leat is3:3:3:2. In A. (A.) gigan- 
teum (Reeve), confusum (Sykes), and cardozi (H. B. Baker) the verge 
is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles, traversed by a seminal 
groove. A short terminal appendage is present. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS APEROSTOMA ? 


Upper surface malleated. 
Upper surface conspicuously malleated. 
Greater diameter more than 30 mm. 
Rugosities coarse. 


Umbilicus very: large=—=— === tee) eee umbilicatum 
Umbilicus narrow. eee cumingi 
IRUZOsities fines== ses ee ee eee paezense 


Greater diameter less than 22 mm. 
Greater diameter more than 19 mm. 


Rugosities closely crowded_-__-_-_---------------- bogotense 
Rugosities not closely crowded____----__------------- simile 
Greater diameter less than 16 mm___-___---_--_-_- inconspicuum 


Upper surface not conspicuously malleated. 
Greater diameter more than 39 mm. 


Periostracum dark chestnut-brown__-~-------------- cingulatum 
Periostracum olive-brown_-_---------------------- veracochanum 
Greater diameter less than 31 mm____----_--~---_--_--_- allantayum 


Upper surface not malleated. 
Posterior angle of aperture auriculate. 
Umbilicus coarsely axially ribbed. 


Greater diameter more than 38 mm______-__---____-____- dunkeri 
Greater diameter less than 34 mm. 
Periphery with a weak keel--_-_. oie! eo atesss pailaense 
Periphery without a weak keel_____--__------_-- paezicolum 


Umbilicus not coarsely ribbed. 
Peristome notched. 
Notches of basal lip 2. 
Height more than 23 mm. 


Greater diameter more than 40 mm__-__---_ carmioli 
Greater diameter less than 34 mm-_-____- costaricense 
Height less thantGimm- fas Eh eeaee exiguum 


3 We believe that A. (A.) inca (Orbigny) and filoliratum (Sowerby) belong in this sub- 
genus, but having seen no specimens and having only poor illustrations we refrain from 
attempting to place them in the key. 


428349—42—_15 


222 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Upper surface not malleated—Continued. 
Posterior angle of aperture auriculate—Continued. 
Umbilicus not coarsely ribbed—Continued 
Peristome notched—Continued 
Notch of basal lip single. 


Height more’ than 30) mms eee bisinuatum 
Height less than 20 mm. 
Greater diameter more than 36 mm___-_--~ irregulare 
Greater diameter less than 30 mm_____--—---~ pittieri 
Peristome not notched. 
Shell (helicoid:3 2.85. Fe ee ees confusum 
Shell depressed-helicoid. 
Greater diameter more than 55 mm_____--_-_ giganteum 


Greater diameter less than 50 mm. 
Greater diameter more than 42 mm. 


Umbilicus: widess22-2s220 42-2 4-2 =) manabense 
Umbilicus not wide. 
last whorl deflected]2o222222-=.=—— fischeri 
Last whorl not deflected. 
Upper surface smoothish__--_ utriaense 
Upper surface rib-striate______ brujense 
Greater diameter less than 36 mm_-___--~ portobellense 


Posterior angle of aperture not auriculate. 
Shell decidedly depressed. 
Base rather strongly axially ribbed. 


Aperture larges..~—-- 2} 3s See ee ee fultoni 

Aperture: small... = 2 2282 452 weit het ah ee ee St amazonense 
Base not strongly axially ribbed. 

Greater diameter more than 35 mm-_-___-----------~- laxatum 


Greater diameter less than 30 mm. 
Upper surface finely axially ribbed. 
Axial ribs on periphery present. 


Suture narrowly channeled_----~ blanchetianum 
Suture not narrowly channeled______~-~ peruense 
Axial ribs on periphery obsolete______--_-----_- leai 


Upper surface obsoletely axially ribbed. 
Whorls downward sloping toward the su- 


GUT ee rt ie ia eat hd ed gt venezuelense 
Whorls not downward sloping toward the 
Sutures. 258 seh. see tt ty depressum 


Shell not decidedly depressed. 
Aperture large. 
Axial ribs of umbilical wall stronger than on upper 
surface. 
Umbilicus narrow_==——. ==> sdates setae ecuadorense 
Umbilicus not narrow. 
Upper surface closely finely ribbed--__ subcingulatum 
Upper surface obsoletely finely ribbed_---_- quitense 
Axial ribs of umbilical wall not stronger than 
those on upper surface. 
Last whorl regularly finely ribbed. 
Shell pale olive colored__-_-------------- olivaceum 
Shell browne eee Be ee eee castaneum 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 223 


Upper surface not malleated—Continued. 
Posterior angle of aperture not auriculate—Continued. 
Shell not decidedly depressed—Continued. 
Aperture large—Continued. 
Axial ribs of umbilical wall not stronger than 
those on upper surface—Continued. 
Last whorl not regularly finely ribbed. 
Umbilicusivery,, broad42-2 = peruvianum 
Umbilicus not very broad. 
Summit of last whorl appressed to 
preceding: turns=s2 ae esse eae salengoense 
Summit of last whorl not appressed 
to preceding turn. 


Shellphelicoi deers 2 stake ees masvense 
Shell depressed-helicoid. 
Suture impressed_4------------ agassizi 
Suture not impressed__---~-_ nevadense 


Aperture not large. 
Last whorl deflected below subperipheral brown 


band. 
Wimpilicis mManrowae eee eee fasciatum 
Umbilieus moderately broad: = 2-2" 2 eas ene eet ee pazi 


Last whorl not deflected below subperipheral 
brown band. 
Base with a median brown band. 
Peristome with a sinus below basal brown 
Deana ee es he Sal Se Does 2 neces caucaense 
Peristome without a sinus below basal 
brown band. 
Greater diameter more than 27 mm_ colombiense 
Greater diameter less than 25 mm. 
Upper surface regularly finely ribbed_ perezi 
Upper surface not regularly finely 
ribbed. 
Suture strongly impressed____ boliviense 
Suture not strongly impressed_ redfieldi 
Base without median brown band. 
Greater diameter more than 27 mm____-_--___ currani 
Greater diameter less than 25 mm. 
Aperture deflected below subperiph- 


eraliibrowny bande 22 Sen s0 8 wa = nanum 
Supraperipheral light zone very 

CONSPICUOUS 2S fa ss Re eee eee merrilli 
Supraperipheral light zone obso- 

Tet Giese haan Ul oes ei pulchellum 


Aperture not deflected below subpe- 
ripheral brown band. 
Upper surface with oblique 
scratches His: SoU aed popayanum 
Upper surface without oblique 
scratches. 
Dark band covering half of 
DA SC a heteniee Teuneee enna) balsasense 
Dark band not covering half 
OL DasSexs aera Bue oases cardozi 


224 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) UMBILICATUM 


This group embraces the species having the upper surface of the 
last whorl malleated. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) UMBILICATUM, new species 


PLATE 31, FiauRES 1-3 


Shell very depressed-helicoid, very dark brown; the early whorls 
paler; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 
small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are mod- 
erately rounded and marked by retractively slanting lines of growth 
and numerous, very rough malleations. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery rendered decidedly angulated by a low keel. Base very 
openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, strongly rounded, and marked 
by the continuation of the axial sculpture and strong malleations, 
which on the posterior half also produce several impressed spiral 
lines. The umbilical wall also is malleated. Aperture irregularly 
broadly tear-shaped and drawn out into a rather broad angle at the 
posterior angle. There is a groove in the center of this angulation; 
peristome simple, very slightly more thickened on the inner lip than 
on the outer. The parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus, 
which renders the peritreme complete. Operculum typically aperos- 
tomid, of about 8 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307428, comes from Bogota, Colombia. 
It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 20.5 mm.; greater diameter, 
38.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 27.7 mm. Height of aperture, 14.8 mm.; 
diameter, 16.8 mm. 

This species is distinguished from all the other members of the 
group by its very strong malleations, which lend to the surface a 
decidedly rugose aspect. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CUMINGI, new species 


PLATE 31, Ficures 19-21 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, covered with a very dark 
olivaceous-brown periostracum; the early whorls being denuded of 
this appear red; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus con- 
sists of 2.5 well-rounded smooth turns. Postnuclear whorls well 
rounded, the first marked by retractively curved, somewhat irregular, 
feeble axial riblets; the last by incremental lines and oblique scratches 
and malleations, which render this whorl decidedly rough. Suture 
deeply impressed. Periphery rendered angulated by a low keel, 
which slopes more abruptly dorsally than ventrally. Base narrowly 
umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked like the spire, 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 225 


except that on the posterior portion the malleations form several 
more or less impressed lines. The umbilical wall is rough and shows 
less of the malleation. Aperture circular with a slightly obtuse angle 
at the posterior angle; peristome simple; that of the outer lip thin, 
while the inner is thickened and continues as a heavy callus over the 
parietal wall, which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307416, was collected by Cuming in 
Colombia. It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 19.3 mm.; 
ereater diameter, 30.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.8 mm. Height of 
aperture, 12.5 mm.; diameter, 14.8 mm. 

This species comes nearest to A. (A.) umbélicatum in strength of 
the malleations and roughness but is easily distinguished from that 
by its slightly more elevated form, weaker sculpture, and much nar- 
rower umbilicus. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAEZENSE, new species 
PLATE 31, Ficures 7-9 


Shell very depressed-helicoid ; the denuded nuclear whorls reddish ; 
the rest of the postnuclear whorls are covered by a rather thick 
periostracum, that of the first whorl being olivaceous brown, while 
the last whorl is dark chesnut brown. There is a slender narrow 
zone of pale olive yellow immediately above the peripheral keel. 
There is a very broad almost blackish brown zone occupying the 
peripheral keel and about one-fourth of the base anterior to the 
keel. A second similar dark narrow zone is separated from the 
broad one by a moderately broad space. The rest of the base is paler 
than the upper surface; interior of aperture bluish white. The 
nucleus consists of a little more than 2 small, well-rounded, smooth 
turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded, the last one slightly 
flattened toward the suture, dropping a trifle below the periphery 
on the last fifth of the last turn. The first postnuclear whorl is 
marked by feeble retractively slanting lines of growth, which gain 
in strength on the next turn, where they are a little heavier than 
hair lines and irregular in distribution and development. On the last 
turn fine malleations and scratches appear, in addition to the above 
sculpture. Suture well impressed. Periphery weakly angulated. 
Base broadly openly umbilicated, slightly inflated, well rounded, and 
marked by the continuation of the lines of growth which assume the 
strength of riblets on the umbilical wall. Aperture irregularly tear- 
shaped, decidedly oblique, drawn into an angle at the posterior angle 
and somewhat angulated at the junction of the basal and outer lip; 
peristome simple; the outer lip thin; the inner thickened and reflected. 
The parietal wall is covered by a rather thick callus, which renders 


226 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


the peritreme complete. Operculum typically aperostomid, having 
about 8 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251169, was collected by H. Pittier in the 
valley of the Rio Paez, in the Central Cordilleras, Colombia. It 
has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 20.9 mm.; greater diameter, 37.3 
mm.; lesser diameter, 26.8 mm. Height of aperture, 13.8 mm.; 
diameter, 17.7 mm. 

In the open umbilication, this species resembles A. (A.) wmbili- 
catum, from which it is easily differentiated by its color scheme and 
the much larger aperture, as well as the much finer sculpture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BOGOTENSE (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 31, FIGURES 4-6 


1855. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) bogotense PFEIFFER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 
2a, nalts 

1858. Cyclotus bogotensis PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonomoporum viventium, 
WOL, 2; pi i 

1863. Cyclotus bogotensis REEVE, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, sp. 20. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) bogotensis Kosett and MOLiLEeNporFr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) bogotensis, H. B. BAKER, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 44. 

Shell small, depressed-helicoid, varying from olivaceous to oliva- 
ceous-brown, with a dark zone at the periphery and usually a nar- 
row light one above it. The base is bicolor, that of the posterior 
half being olivaceous, while the anterior half is much paler; interior 
of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2.3 rather large, 
well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well 
rounded, the last one being slightly flattened below the summit and 
marked by strong, small malleations, which give the upper surface 
of the shell not only a malleated but a somewhat vermiculated aspect. 
The last whorl! is slightly decurrent on the last quarter of the turn. 
Suture very strongly impressed. Periphery weakly angulated. Base 
moderately broadly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well rounded, 
and marked by almost vertical, irregular, incremental lines, which are 
a little stronger on the umbilical wall, and feeble malleations. Aper- 
ture circular with a slight angulation at the posterior angle; peri- 
stome simple, the outer lip thin, the inner slightly thickened posteri- 
orly. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus which renders 
the peritreme complete. 

The specimen described and figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No. 
816133, which comes from Bogota, Colombia. It has 3.8 whorls and 
measures: Height, 13.8 mm.; greater diameter, 20.5 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 14.7 mm. Height of aperture, 9.2 mm.; diameter, 9.4 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 524128 contains 1 specimen without specific locality. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 227 


The small size will easily distinguish this from the other members 
except A. (A.) inconspicuum (Sowerby), which is even smaller. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) SIMILE, new species 


PLATE 31, Ficures 13-15 


Shell helicoid, small, covered with a horn-colored periostracum, 
which on the last whorl becomes decidedly olivaceous. There is a 
broad, pale, darker band on the posterior half of the base. The 
nucleus consists of about 1.5 smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls 
are marked by retractively slanting incremental lines, which become 
increasingly closer spaced as the shell advances in age. In addition 
to these incremental lines the whorls are marked by rugosities sepa- 
rated by more or less strongly impressed scratches. Suture well 
impressed. Periphery feebly angulated. Base somewhat inflated, 
rather openly umbilicated, well rounded, and marked by the con- 
tinuation of the incremental lines, which extend upon the umbilical 
wall, and mere indications of rugosities. Aperture subcircular, ob- 
lique; peristome simple, the outer thin; the inner somewhat thick- 
ened, more so on the parietal wall. Operculum typically aperostomid. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 535989, was received from Sowerby & 
Fulton with the locality “Bogota” (Colombia). It has 4.1 whorls 
and measures: Height, 13 mm.; greater diameter, 19.3 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 15 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307398 contains another specimen from the same 
locality, while U.S.N.M. No. 307400 contains a specimen bearing the 
label “New Grenada.” 

In size and general coloration this species agrees fairly well with 
A. (A.) bogotense (Pfeiffer). The less developed rugose sculpture 
and more scattered nodulation will readily distinguish it from this. 


. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) INCONSPICUUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 31, F1acurEs 10-12 


1848. Cyclostoma inconspicuum SowrErsBy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 
109, pl. 24, figs. 73-74. 

1912. Neocyclotus papayanus fasciata Koxsett (pars), Martini-Chemnitz Con- 
chylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 901. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) inconspicuum, H. B. BaxKer, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 44. 

Shell small, helicoid, covered by a pale-brown periostracum. There 
ig a narrow pale chestnut zone immediately below the periphery, 
and above this a white band of about the same width. The posterior 
half of the base below the dark band is olivaceous, gradually paling 
toward the umbilicus. The nucleus consists of about 1.5 small, in- 
flated, well-rounded, smooth turns. The early postnuclear whorls 


228 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


are marked by regular, almost vertical, slender riblets, which are 
separated by spaces no wider than the riblets. On the succeeding 
turns the axial riblets become reduced to incremental lines, and on 
the last one in addition to these oblique, irregularly scattered, im- 
pressed scratches are present, which cause the spaces between them 
to appear as basal rugosities. Periphery feebly angulated. Base 
inflated, strongly rounded, broadly openly umbilicated, and marked 
like the spire. The umbilical wall is marked by incremental lines. 
Aperture large, subcircular, slightly auriculated at the posterior 
angle; peristome simple, thin all around. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 116667, comes 
from the Lea collection and bears no locality label. It has 4.4 whorls 
and measures: Height, 12 mm.; greater diameter, 15.9 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 12.5 mm. 

The small size readily distinguishes this from all the other 
Aperostomas. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CINGULATUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 31, FiaurEs 22-24 


1843. Cyclostoma cingulatum SowrrsBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 93, 
pl. 29, figs. 213-214. 

1852. Cyclotus cingulatus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, 18. 

1866. Cyclotus pee BuLanp, Amer. Journ. Conch., nor 2, p. 59 (error for 
cingulatus; not angulatus von Martens 1874). 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) cingulatus Kospetr and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) cingulatum H. B. BaKker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 42. 

Shell depressed-helicoid, covered with a very dark chestnut-brown 
periostracum; the early denuded whorls reddish. The nucleus con- 
sists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls 
are well rounded, the last slightly flattened below the suture. The 
first postnuclear whorl is marked by slender, retractively curved, 
somewhat irregular, fine, rather closely spaced riblets, which become 
very much enfeebled on the last half of the last turn and toward 
the end completely lost. In adition to this, the upper surface of 
the last whorl is irregularly slightly malleated. Suture well im- 
pressed. Periphery very feebly angulated. Base moderately broadly 
openly umbilicated, inflated, and eed by rather irregular wavy 
axial riblets, whieh become very much intensified on the umbilical 
wall, and rather conspicuous malleations stronger than those on the 
upper surface. Aperture oblique, circular, slightly angulated at the 
posterior angle; peristome simple, thin on the outer lip and thickened 
on the inner, with a very heavy callus on the parietal wall, which 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 229 


renders the peritreme complete. The operculum is typically aperos- 
tomid of about 8 whorls. 

The specimen described and figured, U.N.S.M No. 307422, comes 
from Cauca, Colombia. It ‘has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 
24.7 mm.; greater diameter, 43.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 29.3 mm. 
Height of aperture, 17.5 mm.; diameter, 20.5 mm. 

There are four additional lots in the National Museum collection : 
No. 414158, one specimen from Jerico, Antioquia, Colombia. No. 
424727, two specimens collected by H. Daniel at Jerico, Antioquia. 
One of these is much larger than the one figured. It has 4.8 whorls 
and measures. Height, 31.2 mm.; greater diameter, 52 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 35 mm. Height of aperture, 20 mm.; diameter, 26.2 mm. 
No. 307419, one specimen labeled “Colombia.” No. 307457, labeled 
“South America.” 

This species belongs to the group that is only feebly malleated on 
the upper surface. The dark color will distinguish it from A. (A.) 
veracochanum, which is very much thinner-shelled and much paler. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) VERACOCHANUM, new species 


PLATE 31, FicuREs 16-18 


Shell very depressed-helicoid, covered with a pale olivaceous-brown 
periostracum, which on the last part of the last whorl becomes de- 
cidedly olivaceous both on the upper and lower surfaces. The early 
denuded whorls are reddish; interior of the aperture bluish white. 
The nucleus consists of a little more than 2 moderately well-rounded 
smooth turns; the post-nuclear whorls are moderately rounded and 
marked by weak retractively curved axial riblets, which find their 
strongest expression on the first half of the last turn. On the last 
half, they are enfeebled. Suture strongly impressed, slightly chan- 
neled on the last part of the last whorl. Periphery very weakly 
angulated. Base openly umbilicated, strongly rounded, and marked 
by the continuation of the axial ribs, which on the umbilical wall 
become much strengthened and fused. Aperture very broadly tear- 
shaped, with a conspicuously drawn-out angle at the posterior angle, 
which has a groove in its middle; peristome simple; the outer lip 
thin; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by 
a callus which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524045, was collected by the Wilkes Explor- 
ing Expedition at Maguas, Peru. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 24.4 mm.; greater diameter, 43.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 31.5 
mm. Height of aperture, 16.3 mm.; diameter, 18.5 mm. 

This species has a much thinner shell and is much paler than 
A, (A.) cingulatum (Sowerby). 


230 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) ALLANTAYUM, new species 


PLATE 32, FicurEs 4-6 


Shell of medium size, very depressed-helicoid; the early denuded 
whorls are soiled flesh colored; the succeeding turns dark straw 
colored with an orange flush, the last reddish chestnut-brown with 
a narrow light zone immediately above the narrow dark band at 
the periphery; posterior half of the base a little darker than the 
upper surface, while the anterior is considerably paler; interior of 
aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of about 2 small, well- 
rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are moderately well 
rounded, all but the last marked by very regular, retractively slanting 
axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. On the last whorl these become much enfeebled and reduced 
to irregular lines of growth. Here, too, we have slight indications 
of malleations. The last whorl is slightly decurrent on the last 
quarter of a turn. Suture well impressed. Periphery feebly ob- 
soletely angulated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded 
and marked by irregular, wavy, strong incremental lines, which are 
developed into irregular ribs on the umbilical wall. Aperture de- 
cidedly oblique, very broadly tear-shaped, with a pronounced drawn- 
out angulation at the posterior angle, which has a groove in its 
middle on the inside; peristome simple; the outer lip thin; the 
inner somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick 
callus which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524046, comes from the Rich collection 
and is labeled “Peru.” It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 
17.4 mm.; greater diameter, 30.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 21.2 mm. 
Height of aperture, 11.7 mm.; diameter, 13.9 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 22208 contains another specimen received from Mac- 
Andrew labeled “Peru.” 

The conspicuous bicolored base readily distinguishes this from the 
other feebly malleated members of this group. 


THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) DUNKERI 
Umbilical wall strongly distinctly axially ribbed. 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) DUNKERI (Pfeiffer) 


PLATE 32, Fiaures 1-3 


1856. Cyclotus dunkeri Pretrrer, Malak. Blatter, vol. 3, p. 256. 

1864. Cyclotus dunkeri Reeve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, pl. 2, sp. 9. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) dunkerit KoBett and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dunkeri H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. : Univ. 
Michigan, No. 1387, pp. 39, 40, 43. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 231 


Shell depressed-helicoid, the early whorls soiled flesh white; the 
later turns gradually becoming chestnut brown. There is a broad 
spiral dark zone covering the posterior half of the base, which grad- 
ually becomes paler from the periphery basally. The rest of the base 
is much paler, so that there is a bicolor effect on the base; interior of 
aperture decidedly bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small, 
well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are weakly 
rounded, the last one flattened a little below the summit, and marked 
by retractively curved, rather regular axial riblets, which are a little 
wider than the spaces that separate them. On the last turn, however, 
these riblets gradually become enfeebled, and on the last portion of this 
whorl they are merely represented by irregular lines of growth. The 
last whorl is slightly decurrent on the last fifth of a turn. Suture 
strongly impressed. Periphery rounded; the peculiar banding at the 
periphery, however, gives it the effect of being angulated, which is an 
optical illusion. Base very openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well 
rounded ; the posterior half is marked by the continuation of the axial 
ribs which are stronger than on the upper surface, and on the anterior 
half become fused into strong, distinct, broad, rounded ribs, which 
cross the sloping umbilical wall. Aperture very broadly tear-shaped 
with a decidedly drawn-out auricle at the posterior angle, which has 
an impressed groove in its middle; peristome simple, the outer lip 
thin; the inner thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick 
callus, which renders the peritreme complete. Operculum typically 
aperostomid, having 10 whorls. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
251170, collected by H. Pittier in the Rio Paila Valley, Colombia, at 
an altitude of 1,800 meters. It has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 
20.4 mm.; greater diameter, 38.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 26mm. Height 
of aperture, 13 mm.; diameter, 17.5 mm. 

The larger size of this species distinguishes it from the other two 
members here described as having strong ribs on the umbilical wall. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAILAENSE, new species 
PLatTe 32, Ficures 7-9 


Shell quite small, depressed-helicoid. The shreds of periostracum 
remaining would indicate that this was straw-colored with a gold 
tinge. The denuded surface is uniformly bluish white; interior of 
aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, 
smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded; 
the last slightly flattened below the summit, marked by retractively 
curved slender axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. On the last half of the last whorl these riblets 


202 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


become much enfeebled and form rather irregular, broad incremental 
elements. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery with a weak 
angulation. Base moderately openly umbilicated, inflated, well 
rounded, and marked by strong axial ribs which gradually increase 
in intensity toward the umbilicus, being strongest on the sloping 
umbilical wall. Aperture very broadly oval, with a conspicuous 
auricle at the posterior angle, which bears a groove in its middle; 
peristome simple; the outer lip thin; the inner thickened. The 
parietal wall with a very thick callus rendering the peritreme 
complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251171, was collected by H. Pittier in the 
Rio Paila Valley, Colombia, at an altitude of 1,300 meters. It has 
4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 16.3 mm.; greater diameter, 27.8 
mm.; lesser diameter, 18.9 mm. Height of aperture, 11.7 mm.; 
diameter, 13.9 mm. 

This species is readily distinguished from the other two with 
strong ribs on the umbilical wall by its exceedingly small size. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAEZICOLUM, new species 


PLATE 32, FiauRESs 13-15 


Shell depressed-helicoid, the early whorls reddish; the last whorl 
olivaceous with axial streaks of brown, which vary in width and 
spacing. There is a narrow light zone immediately above the 
periphery. Below the periphery the posterior half of the base has 
a dark chestnut-brown area; the anterior half is olivaceous brown 
and much paler. The axial darker streaks mentioned for the upper 
surface also are apparent on the lower. Interior of aperture bluish 
white. The nucleus consists of 2.1 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded; the last is 
slightly decurrent on the last half whorl and slightly flattened below 
the summit. The postnuclear whorls are marked by slender, re- 
tractively curved axial riblets, which are a little wider than the 
spaces that separate them. On the last whorl these become less 
strongly developed and more irregular. There is also a weak indica- 
tion of a few scratches, showing the affinity of the species to the mal- 
leated form. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. 
Base openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well rounded, and 
marked by the continuation of the sculpture characterizing the upper 
surface; the riblets, however, become fused on the umbilical wall 
to form strong and quite regular rather broad ribs on its sloping 
surface. Aperture almost circular with a conspicuous auricle at 
the posterior angle, which bears a groove in its middle; peristome 
simple; outer lip thin; the inner thickened. The parietal wall is 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 233 


covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. The 
operculum is typically aperostomid, having 10 whor!s. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524047, was collected by H. Pittier in the 
Rio Paez Valley, Colombia, at an elevation of 2,500 meters. It has 
4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 33.1 
mm.; lesser diameter, 22.2 mm. Height of aperture, 12.8 mm.; 
diameter, 15.6 mm. 

Its smaller size will readily differentiate this from A. (A.) dunkera 
(Pfeiffer). 


GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CARMIOLI 
Umbilical wall closely finely axially ribbed. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CARMIOLI, new species 


Puate 32, Ficures 19-21 


Shell large, helicoid; the early turns reddish; the later covered on 
the upper surface by a golden-yellow periostracum. There is a light 
zone immediately above the periphery, while the posterior half of the 
base is chestnut brown; the rest is of the same color as the upper 
surface; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 
2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are in- 
flated, strongly rounded, and marked on the upper surface by very 
weak, retractively curved, flattened riblets, which become evanescent 
on the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and 
marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which gain in intensity 
below the middle and become stronger on the umbilical wall, where 
they form distinct fine ribs, which are not quite as wide as the spaces 
that separate them. The last whorl is slightly decurrent near the 
peristome. Aperture large, broadly oval with a conspicuous angle 
at the posterior angle, which has a groove in the middle; peristome 
simple; the outer lip thin. The basal lip bears 2 notches; the inner 
lip is somewhat. thickened, while the parietal wall is covered with a 
moderately thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 25034, was collected by Carmiol in Costa 
Rica. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 27.2 mm.; greater 
diameter, 40.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 29.4 mm. Height of aperture, 
16.5 mm.; diameter, 19 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 405227 contains a young specimen collected by M. 
Valerio at Chitaria, Costa Rica. 

This species differs from the other members of this group by being 
considerably larger. 


234 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) COSTARICENSE (von Martens) 


PLATE 32, Figures 16-18 


1876. Cyclotus quitensis costaricensis VON MARTENS, Jahrb. deutschen malak. 
Ges., vol. 3, p. 254. 

Shell helicoid, covered by a thin golden-yellow periostracum. The 
base bears a moderately broad chestnut-colored band, which fades 
anteriorly into the basal color, which is a little darker than that of 
the upper surface; interior of the aperture bluish white. The nucleus 
consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear 
whorls are inflated, strongly rounded; the last one is slightly flat- 
tened below the summit and is marked by obsolete hairlike axial 
riblets, which become much enfeebled on the last half of the last turn. 
The last fifth of the last turn is slightly decurrent. Suture strongly 
impressed. Periphery feebly angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, 
marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which become fused and 
slightly stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture very oblique, sub- 
circular with a decided auriculation at the posterior angle, which 
bears a groove in its middle; peristome simple; the basal lip with 
2 deep notches, one marking the outer limit of the umbilicus; the 
inner lip is slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a 
moderately thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 

U.S.N.M. No. 321045 contains two specimens from the Redfield 
collection, apparently received from Gabb. They come from Costa 
Rica. The largest of these, which we have figured, has 4.7 whorls 
and measures: Height, 23 mm.; greater diameter, 31.7 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 24.4mm. Height of aperture, 14.9 mm.; diameter, 15.3 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 524052 contains another specimen collected by M. 
Valerio. 

The much smaller size of this species readily differentiates it from 
A. (A.) carmioli. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) EXIGUUM, new species 
PLATE 82, FicurEs 10-12 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid; the upper surface covered with a 
golden yellow peristracum. There is a broad light zone immediately 
above the periphery and a still broader dark zone immediately 
below this; the rest of the base is a little paler than the upper sur- 
face. Interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 
small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are some- 
what inflated, well rounded and marked by slightly wavy, well-de- 
veloped axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. There is an impressed groove a little below the summit 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA ZO 


on the last whorl, which gives the upper edge of this whorl a some- 
what flattened aspect. The last whorl also is slightly decurrent near 
the peristome. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery weakly angu- 
lated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked 
by the continuation of the axial riblets, which fuse into heavier riblets 
on the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular, with a conspicuous 
auricle at the posterior angle, which has a groove in its center; peri- 
stome simple; outer lip thin; the basal lip with 2 deep incisions, the 
first of which marks the outer limit of the umbilicus, and the other is 
about halfway between this and the periphery; the inner lip is mod- 
erately thickened, while the parietal wall is covered by a moderately 
strong callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 190281, was collected by H. Pittier in the 
Zhorquin Valley, Talamanca, Costa Rica. It has 4.5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 15.4 mm.; greater diameter, 23.7 mm.; lesser diam- 
eter, 16.4mm. Height of aperture, 9.6 mm.; diameter, 11.7 mm. 

This species can readily be distinguished from the other members 
of the group having two notches on the basal area by its very much 
smaller size. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BISINUATUM (von Martens) 
PLATE 33, FicureEs 5, 6 


1864. Cyclotus bisinuatus voN MARTENS, Malak. Bliitter, vol. 11, p. 118, pl. 3, 
figs. 1, 2. 

1890. eds (Aperostoma) bisinuatus voN MARTENS, Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, p. 3. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocylotus) bisinuatus Kopett and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

We have not seen this species and give a translation of von Martens’ 
description: 

Shell umbilicated, turbinate, solid, marked by closely spaced, un- 
dulating, confluent riblets, yellowish brown unicolor. Spire conic, 
somewhat acute. Whorls 5, quite convex, the last one rounded, flat- 
tened at the suture. Umbilicus quite narrow funnel-shaped, delimited 
by an obsolete angle. Aperture diagonal, ovate, circular, angulated 
above, bluish white within; peristome straight, obtuse, emarginate 
above and below. Columellar margin arcuate; major diameter, 38.5 
mm.; lesser diameter, 29 mm. Height, 31mm. Aperture, 20 mm. 

Discovered in a high plateau of Costa Rica by the late Hoffmann 
who sent it to the Berlin Museum. 

This species is distinguished from the other members of the group 
by the two notches, one at the outer limit of the umbilicus, and the 
other diametrically across from it in the outer lip, a little posterior 
to the middle. 


236 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) IRREGULARE (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 33, FIGURE 4 


1855. Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) irregulare PretrrEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 23, 
a ee 

1858. patie irregularis PrrirFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 2, p. 15. 

1864. Cyclotus irregularis Remve, Conchologia iconica, vol. 14, pl. 4, fig. 18. 

1890. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) irregularis VON MARTENS, Biologia Centrali-Amer- 
icana, Suppl., pp. 3, 596. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) irregularis KopeLtt and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) irregulare H. B. BAxKer, Occ. pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 41. 

As we have not seen this species we give a translation of Pfeiffer’s 
description : 

Shell umbilicated, depressed-turbinate, solid, closely striated, yel- 
lowish. The spire is shortly turbinate, acute. Suture profound. 
Whorls 5, convex, the last swollen above and broadly canaliculate at 
the suture; below marked by a broad median band. The broadly fun- 
nel-shaped umbilicus is limited on the outside by a strong angulation. 
Aperture oblique, triangularly oval, angulated above; peristome 
continuous, slightly adnate to the preceding turn, straight. The right 
outer lip dilated; columella thickened moderately arcuate, channeled 
basally. Major diameter, 37 mm.; lesser, 30 mm.; altitude, 19 mm. 

Habitat : Central Costa Rica. 

Reeve’s figure shows a decided notch at the junction of the inner 
and basal lip which is responsible for the angulation marking the outer 
edge of the umbilicus. 

The species appears most nearly related to A. (A.) pittiert (von 
Martens) but differs from it in being much larger. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PITTIERI (von Martens) 


1900. Cyclotus (Aperostoma) irregularis pittiert VON Martens, Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, Suppl., p. 597. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) irregularis pittieri, H. B. BAkrr, Occ. Pap. Mus. 
Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 41. 

We have not seen this species. Von Martens distinguishes it from 
A. (A) trregulare Pfeiffer with the followmg diagnosis, which we 
translate : 

Distinctly flatter than the typical form [¢rregulare], less vaulted, 
29 mm. only in diameter and 16.5 mm. in height. Aperture 12 mm. 

Habitat: Salinas Bay, northwestern Costa Rica, collected by H. 
Pittier. 

The much smaller size distinguishes this from A. (A.) érregulare 
(Pfeiffer). 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 237 
THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) GIGANTEUM 


Posterior angle of aperture forming a slight angle, bearing a weakly 
impressed median groove. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CONFUSUM (Sykes) 
PLATE 33, Ficures 1-3 


1846. Cyclostoma gigantewm Preirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 11-14 (not OC. giganteum Reeve, Con- 
chologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 99, pl. 184, fig. 17, 1842). 

1901. Aperostoma confusum SyKeEs, Journ. Malac., vol. 8, p. 106, pl. 10, fig. 2. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) confusum H. B. Baxsr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 42. 

Shell very large, helicoid. Our specimen of this species, unfor- 
tunately, is sadly denuded. However, it shows that there is a broad 
dark chestnut-colored band below the periphery and apparently a 
narrow light zone immediately above this; interior of aperture pale 
buff. The nucleus consists of about 2.4 small, well-rounded, smooth 
turns. The postnuclear whorls are marked by decidedly retractively 
slanting, rather irregular, closely approximated axial riblets, which 
on the last half of the last turn become confluent incremental ele- 
ments. The summit of the whorls is appressed, ‘and there is a slight 
concavity on the last turn below the summit. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated and marked 
by the continuation of the axial sculpture, which does not increase 
in differentiation on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, oblique, 
with a small angulation bearing a central groove at the posterior 
angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin; the inner thickened and 
slightly reflected. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, 
which renders the peritreme complete. This callus is not in a straight 
line with the columella, but forms a little oval sinus. 

The specimen that we believe belongs here, U.S.N.M. No. 341766, 
was collected by A. E. Heighway at Acandi, a small settlement in the 
Gulf of Atrato, on the boundary between Colombia and Panama. 
It has 5.3 whorls and measures: Height, 34.2 mm.; greater diameter, 
51.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 38.2 mm. Height of aperture, 20.5 mm.; 
diameter, 24.8 mm. 

This species is differentiated from the rest of the gzgantewm group 
by having the spire much more elevated. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) GIGANTEUM (Reeve) 
PLATE 33, Figures 7-9 


1842. Cyclostoma giganteum Reeve, Conchologia systematica, vol. 2, p. 99, pl. 
184, fig. 17. 
1843. Cyclostoma giganteum SowerBy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, p. 92, pl. 23, 
figs. 8, 9. 
428349—42——_16 


238 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


1843. Cyclostoma giganteum Sowersy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 30. 

1847. Aperostoma giganteum Prrir¥rer, Zeitsch. Malak., p. 104. 

1850. Cyclotus giganteus Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shells 
in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 6. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) giganteus Kosrtr and MOLLENDoRF¥, Nachrbl. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1901. Aperostoma giganteuwm SyxeEs, Journ. Malac., vol. 8, p. 105, pl. 10, fig. 1. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) gigantea H. B. BAKer, Occ. pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, pp. 40, 42. 

Shell gigantic, depressed-helicoid. The early whorls pinkish; the 
later pale yellow, varying from yellow to pale chestnut, with a light 
zone below the summit and a broader yellowish zone immediately 
above the periphery. The posterior half of the base is chestnut- 
brown, while the anterior half and umbilical wall are yellowish horn 
colored; interior of aperture bluish. The nucleus consists of 2 very 
small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are 
moderately rounded and appressed at the summit with an impressed 
groove immediately below the summit. The postnuclear whorls are 
marked by regular, retractively curved, closely spaced axial riblets, 
which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them. On the 
last half of the last whorl they become obsolete and are replaced by 
mere lines of growth. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base with a very large open umbilicus, inflated, and 
marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which become fused on 
the anterior half of the base and quite strong and well differentiated 
into strong ribs on the umbilical wall. Aperture oblique, subcircular, 
drawn into an obtuse angle at the posterior angle, which has a median 
groove; peristome simple; that of the outer lip sharp and slightly 
reflected, while the inner lip is thickened. The parietal wall is cov- 
ered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. In the 
peristome there is a shallow sinus at the posterior termination of the 
columella. Operculum typically aperostomid, having 9 whorls. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
951101, collected by H. Pittier on the Cerro de Garagara, Panama, at 
20 to 900 meters. It has 3.7 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 
32.6 mm.; greater diameter, 56.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 38.3 mm. 
Height of aperture, 23.5 mm.; diameter, 27 mm. 

The depressed-helicoid form and gigantic dimensions readily dis- 
tinguish this from the other members of the gigantewm group. 

Reeve, Joc. cit., p. 97, states: “Mr. Sowerby has kindly permitted 
us to refer to his figure of Cyclostomata in part 2 of his Species Con- 
chyliorum, which we are happy to announce is now nearly ready for 
publication.” This work, it would appear, was never published. 
Cyclostoma giganteum Sowerby must be considered a manuscript 
name, and the name Cyclostoma giganteum must date from Reeve, 
1842. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 239 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) MANABENSE, new species 


Puate 34, Fiagures 10-12 


Shell of medium size, very depressed-helicoid. The early denuded 
whorls pale red, the last covered with a thin, reddish olivaceous, horn- 
colored periostracum. There is a narrow light zone immediately 
above the periphery, while the posterior half of the base is chestnut- 
brown, and the anterior half and umbilical wall are paler than the 
upper surface; interior of aperture bluish white with a livid tinge. 
The nucleus consists of 2.4 small, well rounded, smooth turns. The 
postnuclear whorls are slightly rounded. There is a shallow groove 
immediately below the summit. The last whorl is obliquely deflected 
for about four-fifths of a turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked 
by weak, retractively slanting, very slender, closely spaced axial rib- 
lets, which become evanescent on the last half of the last turn, where 
they are represented by mere lines of growth. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base broadly, openly umbilicated, inflated, 
strongly rounded, marked by the continuation of the axial riblets 
which become fused into stronger ribs on the anterior half of the 
base and umbilical wall. Aperture decidedly oblique, tear-shaped, 
drawn out into a decided angle at the posterior angle; peristome 
thin on the outer and basal lip; a little thicker on the inner lip. The 
parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peri- 
treme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524066, was collected by O. Haught be- 
tween Quevedo and Calcata, Manabi, Ecuador. It has 4.8 whorls 
and measures: Height, 23.2 mm.; greater diameter, 48 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 29.4mm. Height of aperture, 16.5 mm.; diameter, 20.3 mm. 

The wide umbilication suggests A. (A.) gigantewm (Reeve), from 
which it is distinguished by its small size. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FISCHERI (Hidalgo) 
PLATH 34, FiaurEs 1-3 


1867. Cyclotus fischeri Hipateo, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 15, p. 305, pl. 8, fig. 3. 

1901. Aperostoma fischeri Syxss, Journ. Malac., vol. 8, p. 105, pl. 10, fig. 3. 

1912. Neocyclotus giganteus Kosetr (pars), Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabi- 
net, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 891, pl. 133, fig. 1. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) fischeri H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 137, p. 42. 

Shell moderately large, helicoid. The early whorls rose-red; the 
last covered with an olivaceous pale chestnut-colored periostracum. 
There is a narrow light zone at the periphery, while the posterior half 
of the base is conspicuously bright chestnut-brown; the anterior half 
and the umbilical wall are much paler. The interior of the aperture 
is bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 very small, well-rounded 


240 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded, 
slightly flattened near the summit, the last one for about one-tenth of 
a turn forming a cord at the appressed summit. The postnuclear 
whorls are marked by fine, retractively curved axial riblets which are 
about as wide as the spaces that separate them but which become ir- 
regular and less developed on the last turn, particularly toward the 
aperture. Suture well impressed. Periphery feebly angulated. 
Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by the 
continuation of the axial riblets, which extend over the umbilical 
wall, where they become somewhat strengthened. Aperture subcir- 
cular, decidedly protracted at the posterior angle into an auricle, 
which bears a groove in its middle; peristome simple; the outer lip 
sharp and somewhat reflected; the inner somewhat thickened. The 
parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme 
complete. There is only a feeble inclination toward an inbending 
at the junction of the columella with the parietal wall. Operculum 
typically aperostomid, showing 9 whorls. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307424, comes 
from New Grenada. It has 4.9 whorls and measures: Height, 27.5 
mm.; greater diameter, 47 mm.; lesser diameter, 32.4 mm. Height of 
aperture, 17 mm.; diameter, 22.8 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307421 contains one specimen from Quito, Ecuador. 

This species can readily be distinguished from A. (A.) utriaense 
by its deflected last whorl. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) UTRIAENSE, new species 
PLATE 34, FIGURES 4-6 


Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid. The upper surface is 
covered with a pale chestnut-brown periostracum, but there is a rather 
broad paler area immediately below the summit. There is also a light 
zone immediately above the periphery, while a broad chestnut-colored 
band extends over the posterior two-fifths of the base, the rest being 
pale olivaceous horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white. The 
nuclear whorls in the type are lost. The postnuclear whorls are well 
rounded and on the last turn there is a groove immediately below the 
periphery. The postnuclear whorls are marked by very fine, closely 
spaced, retractively slanting axial riblets, which become much weak- 
ened on the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base moderately broadly openly umbilicated, marked by the 
continuation of the axial sculpture, but much more roughly so. The 
axial ribs of the base become fused into stronger elements on the um- 
bilical wall. Aperture subcircular, with a moderately strong angula- 
tion at the posterior angle, which bears a median groove; outer lip 
thin and somewhat reflected; the inner lip slightly thickened. The 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 241 


parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme 
complete. There is only a weak emargination on the columellar callus. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524068, comes from Puerto Utria, Colombia. 
It has 3.2 whorls remaining and measures: Height, 27.4 mm.; greater 
diameter, 46.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 30.9 mm. Height of aperture, 
19.4 mm. ; diameter, 23.3 mm. 

This species most nearly resembles A. (A.) brujense, from which it 
can readily be differentiated by its less strongly ribbed striate 
sculpture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BRUJENSE, new species 


PuLaTe 34, Ficures 13-15 


Shell large, depressed-helicoid. The early denuded whorls vary 
from rose colored to flesh colored. The last whorl is covered with a 
brownish, suffused, horn-colored periostracum. There is a narrow 
light zone immediately above the periphery, while the posterior half 
of the base is very dark chestnut-brown, and the anterior half and 
umbilical wall are a little lighter than the upper surface. The nucleus 
consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear 
whorls are somewhat inflated, well rounded, with an impressed area 
immediately below the summit on the last whorl, while the summit 
itself appears as an appressed thread. The surface of the postnuclear 
whorls is marked by rather coarse, retractively slanting axial rib- 
lets, which vary considerably in strength and spacing. Suture well 
impressed. Periphery weakly angulated. Base moderately broadly 
umbilicated and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which 
become fused into stronger ribs on the umbilical wall. Aperture sub- 
circular with a moderately strong angle at the posterior angle which 
bears a median groove; peristome simple; the outer lip expanded and 
somewhat reflected; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall 
is covered by a very thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 
There is very weak emargination in this callus at the insertion of the 
columella. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251418, was collected by Maj. E. A. Gold- 
man on the Cerro Bruja, Panama, at an elevation of 500 feet. It has 
4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 28.6 mm.; greater diameter, 49.4 
mm.; lesser diameter, 33mm. Height of aperture, 19.2 mm.; diameter, 
24.4 mm. 

The following additional specimens are in the National Museum 
collections: No. 524069, a topotype from the same source as the type; 
No. 228908, a specimen collected by H. Pittier in the mountains around 
Gaspasalana, High Mamoni, Panama; No. 251419, five specimens col- 
lected by Major Goldman at Gatun, Canal Zone. 

This species can be distinguished readily from A. (A.) wtriaense 
by its much stronger rib-striate sculpture. 


242 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PORTOBELLENSE, new species 
PLATE 34, FIGURES 7-9. 


Shell small for the group, depressed-helicoid. The early whorls 
red, the last covered on the upper surface by a thin horn-colored perios- 
tracum. ‘There is a light supraperipheral zone and a dark area im- 
mediately below the periphery on the base. The rest is horn colored; 
interior of aperture pale buff. The nucleus consists of about 2 small, 
well-rounded turns. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, with a de- 
pressed area a little below the summit. The postnuclear whorls are 
marked by very slender, retractively curved, closely crowded axial 
ribs, which become coarser and more distantly spaced on the last whorl. 
Suture well impressed. Periphery slightly angulated. Base openly 
umbilicated and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which 
do not gain materially in strength on the umbilical wall. Aperture 
subcircular, drawn into a moderately produced angle at the posterior 
angle, which bears a groove in the middle; peristome simple; the outer 
lip expanded and slightly reflected; the inner slightly thickened. 
The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the 
peritreme complete. There is only an emargination in the parietal 
callus. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 251484, was collected by E. A. Schwarz 
at Porto Bello, Panama. It has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height, 
21.5 mm.; greater diameter, 35 mm.; lesser diameter, 23.8 mm. Height 
of aperture, 15.2 mm.; diameter, 17.8 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 251427 was collected by August Busck at Porto Bello, 
Panama. 

This species can readily be distinguished from all the other members 
of the group by its small size. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FULTONI, new species 
Piate 35, Figures 14 


Shell depressed-helicoid, chestnut brown, with a lighter zone at 
the summit and a white zone immediately above the periphery. There 
is a broad dark brown band covering two-fifths of the base immediately 
below the periphery and a slender narrow band a little posterior to 
the middle of the base. The rest of the base is yellow horn colored; 
interior of aperture bluish white, showing the banding within. The 
nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The post- 
nuclear whorls are strongly rounded with a depressed area imme- 
diately below the summit. The postnuclear whorls are marked by 
rather regular strong retractively curved ribs, which are about as 
wide as the spaces that separate them. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbili- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 243 


cated, inflated, strongly rounded and marked by the continuation of 
the axial ribs which grow much stronger on the umbilical wall. Aper- 
ture very large, circular, with an angulation at the posterior angle; 
peristome simple; the outer lip thin, slightly effuse at the junction 
of the basal and outer lip; a little thickened on the inner lip. The 
parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme 
complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307425, was received from Sowerby and 
Fulton with the label “Brazil.” It has 4.8 whorls and measures: 
Height, 17.8 mm.; greater diameter, 29.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 21.5 
mm. Height of aperture, 12 mm.; diameter, 13.4 mm. 

This species agrees with A. (A.) amazonense in having the base 
strongly axially ribbed but differs from it in having a much larger 
aperture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) AMAZONENSE, new species 


PLATE 35, FIGURES 4-6 


Shell decidedly depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid. The entire 
' upper surface is covered by a pale chestnut-brown periostracum. 
There is a faint lighter zone immediately above the periphery. The 
base is bicolor. The posterior half is a little darker than the upper 
surface of the shell, while the anterior half and umbilical wall are 
much lighter; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus con- 
sists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the postnuclear whorls 
are moderately rounded, the last one defiected for a quarter of a turn. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively curved axial rib- 
lets, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. 
These riblets become decidedly enfeebled on the last portion of the 
last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery weakly angulated. 
Base broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded and marked by 
strong axial ribs, which are more pronounced on the umbilical wall 
than on the rest. Aperture subcircular, slightly angulated at the pos- 
terior angle; peristome simple; the outer and inner lips both some- 
what thickened and slightly reflected. The parietal wall is covered by 
a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The operculum 
is typically aperostomid and shows about 10 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 356102, was collected by E. H. Short on 
the Amazon River in Brazil. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 13 mm.; greater diameter, 24 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.1 mm. 
Height of aperture, 9 mm.; diameter, 9.9 mm. 

There are two additional lots, both bearing merely the label “Bra- 
zil”; U.S.N.M. No. 307425 contains one specimen and U.S.N.M. 
No. 316236, three specimens. 


244 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


This species agrees with A. (A.) fultoni in having the base rather 
strongly axially ribbed, but it differs from it in having a much smaller 
aperture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) LAXATUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 35, FIGURE 13 


1850. Cyclostoma laxatum Sowersy, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, Suppl. 
p. 159*, pl. 314, fig. 302. 

1852. Cyclotus laxatus PFEIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 18. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) laratus Kospetr and MO6OLLEeNnporFr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) laratum H. B. BaKer, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 137, p. 41. 

Although Cyclostoma laxatum Sowerby has been quoted by many 
malacologists, we regret to say that we have none in the National 
Museum collection that agree with Sowerby’s description, figure, and 
habitat; we must therefore quote Sowerby’s description and copy his 
figure. His figure measures: Height, 18.5 mm.; greater diameter, 36.4 
mm. Height of aperture, 13.1 mm.; diameter, 16.9 mm. 

“Shell of a depressed orbicular form, whitish, covered with a thick 
orange-brown epidermis; spire depressed, with a rufous apex; volu- 
tions four, rounded, covered not only with distinct lines of growth, but 
also with irregular rugulosities, with two narrow zones, the posterior 
white, the other fuscous, in front of which the epidermis is more 
darkly coloured; aperture not quite circular, but very slightly ellip- 
tical, and with a slight angle posteriorly close to the last volution; 
peritreme thin, anteriorly very slightly reflected; umbilicus very 
large, showing internally the four volutions. 

“The shell is somewhat diaphanous, so that the white and dark- 
brown zones are distinctly seen within the aperture. 

“Columbia. Mus. Cuming.” 


THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BLANCHETIANUM 
Shell decidedly depressed. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BLANCHETIANUM (Moricand) 
PLATE 35, Figures 7-9 


1826. Cyclostoma blanehetianum MoricAnpd, Mem. Soe. Genéve, vol. 7, p. 442, 
pl. 2, figs. 21-23. 

1847. Aperostoma blanchetianum TroscHEL, Zeitsch. Malak., p. 44. 

1847. Aperostoma blanchetianum Prertrrer, Zeitsch. Malak., p. 104. 

1850. Cyclotus inca (pars) Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and 
shells in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 6. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 245 


1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) inca (pars) Kosett and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) blanchetianwm H. B. BaxKeEr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 44. 

Shell depressed-helicoid. The early whorls, denuded of the 
periostracum, reddish; the later reddish horn colored, the last oliva- 
ceous on the upper surface. There is a narrow white zone at the 
periphery and a broad dark olivaceous band covering the posterior 
two-fifths of the base, the rest being horn colored; interior of aper- 
ture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well- 
rounded whorls. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded and 
marked by retractively curved, strong, small axial ribs, which are 
smaller than the spaces that separate them. On the last half of the 
last turn these riblets become much enfeebled and replaced by mere 
rough incremental lines. The suture is narrowly deeply channeled. 
Periphery very weakly angulated. Base broadly openly umbilicated, 
inflated, well rounded and marked by the continuation of the axial 
ribs, which grow considerably stronger on the umbilical wall. On 
the last half of the last whorl they become fused and more or less 
scalelike. Aperture circular, with a slight angulation at the pos- 
terior angle; peristome simple; the outer lip thin, slightly reflected ; 
the inner slightly thickened and also slightly reflected. The parietal 
wall is covered by a rather thick callus, which renders the peritreme 
complete. Operculum typically aperostomid, with about 10 whorls. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
98110, collected at Bahia, Brazil. It has 4.5 whorls and measures: 
Height, 15.2 mm.; greater diameter, 27.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.7 
mm. Height of aperture, 9.9 mm.; diameter, 11.9 mm. 

The following additional specimens are in the National Museum 
collections: 

No. 104450, five specimens from Bahia received from Moricand; 
No. 307417, one specimen labeled “Brazil”; No. 381893, one specimen 
from the Amazon Valley. This species closely resembles A. (A.) 
peruense but is readily differentiated from it by its deeply incised 
narrow suture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PERUENSE, new species 
PLATE 35, FicurEs 10-12 


Shell very depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid; the upper surface 
dark horn colored. There is a light white band immediately above 
the periphery and a broad brilliant chestnut-brown zone immediately 
below the periphery. There is also a second, very narrow brown 
band separated from the broad band by a space about twice as wide 
as the narrow brown band. The rest of the base is horn colored, 


246 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns; the 
postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded and marked by retractively 
curved, very regular axial riblets, which are a little narrower than 
the spaces that separate them. On the last half of the last turn the 
riblets become less pronounced and less regular. There are also some 
slight spiral markings on the upper surface. Suture strongly im- 
pressed. Periphery strongly rounded. Base broadly, openly um- 
bilicated, inflated, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, 
which become a little intensified on the umbilical wall. Aperture 
broadly oval, with a slight auricle at the posterior angle; peristome 
simple; the outer lip of the peristome thin; the inner slightly thick- 
ened and reflected. The callus on the parietal wall is thick and 
renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 103999, comes from the Rich collection and 
bears the label “Peru.” It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 
14.3 mm.; greater diameter, 26.8 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.2 mm. 
Height of aperture, 10.5 mm.; diameter, 12.3 mm. 

This species can readily be differentiated from A. (A.) blanche- 
tianum (Moricand) by its lacking the narrowly channeled suture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) LEAI, new species 
PLATE 35, Fiaures 17-19 


Shell very depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid. The upper sur- 
face is orange horn colored, with a little lighter zone at the summit 
and a broader white zone immediately above the periphery. The 
base bears a broad, bright, chocolate-brown band, which covers about 
one-third of the base anterior to the periphery. The rest is horn 
colored, with a narrow hydrophanous band on the middle of the base. 
Interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 moder- 
ately large, well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are 
well rounded, the last half of the last whorl] being slightly flattened 
below the suture. The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively 
curved, very regular, rather closely spaced axial riblets, which are 
separated by spaces about as wide as the axial riblets. On the last 
part of the last turn these riblets become much enfeebled. Suture 
deeply impressed. Periphery feebly angulated. On the dark band 
below the periphery on the base the axial ribs are almost obsolete; 
they grow a little stronger on the rest of the base and are strongest on 
the umbilical wall. The umbilicus is broadly openly funnel-shaped. 
Aperture broadly oval, with a rather strong angulation at the pos- 
terior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin and slightly outward 
reflected; the inner a little thicker. The parietal wall is covered by 
a rather thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. Oper- 
culum typically aperostomid, showing 6 whorls remaining. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 247 


The type, U.S.N.M. No. 104451, comes from Balsas, Peru. It was 
in the Lea collection. It has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 14.2 
mm.; greater diameter, 27.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.2 mm. Height 
of aperture, 10.7 mm.; diameter, 12.3 mm. 

The obsolete ribbing immediately below the periphery distin- 
guishes this species from A. (A.) peruense and A. (A). blancheti- 
anum (Moricand). 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) VENEZUELENSE, new species 


PLATE 35, FIGURES 20-22 


Shell very depressed-helicoid, thin, covered with an olivaceous 
periostracum, which is streaked and blotched with darker olive. 
There is a faint light zone immediately above the periphery and a 
broad weak brown band immediately below it. A second slender 
spiral line lies a little posterior to the middle of the base. The rest 
of the base is a little paler than the upper surface; interior of 
aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, the 
last one slightly deflected at its extremity. They are marked by 
obsolete axial riblets, which become quite irregular on the last whorl, 
where also some slight malleations are present. The last whorl is 
slightly flattened a little below the summit and the suture is deeply 
narrowly channeled. Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base openly 
broadly umbilicated, inflated, and marked by the same type of sculp- 
ture as that which characterizes the upper surface of the last whorl, 
except that on the umbilical wall the riblets become a little more 
distant. Aperture broadly oval, with a slight angulation at the 
posterior angle; peristome simple; the outer Jip thin; the inner only 
slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately 
thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307429, was collected by Cuming in Vene- 
zuela. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 14.7 mm.; greater 
diameter, 29.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 21 mm. Height of aperture, 
11.8 mm.; diameter, 12.8 mm. 

This species agrees with A. (A.) depresswm (Da Costa) in having 
the axial ribs obsolete; it differs from that, however, in having the 
whorls strongly downward flexed near the suture and more rounded. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) DEPRESSUM (Da Costa) 
PLATE 35, F1icuRES 14-16 


1906. Neocyclotus depressus Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 7, p. 9, 
pl. 1, figs. 14-16. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) depressus H. B. BAKER, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 42. 


948 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Shell very depressed-helicoid, almost planorbid, covered by an 
olivaceous periostracum, with a moderately broad light zone immedi- 
ately above the periphery and the posterior half of the base oliva- 
ceous-chestnut colored; the anterior half and the umbilicus are horn 
colored; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 
2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are 
slightly rounded with a depression a little below the summit on the 
last half of the last turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by 
obsolete, retractively curved axial riblets and faint traces of mallea- 
tions in the depressed portion below the summit. Suture very 
strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base broadly, openly 
umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and marked by rather regular 
axial riblets, which become intensified on the umbilical wall. Aper- 
ture circular with an angulation at the posterior angle; peristome 
simple; the outer lip thin, the inner thin and slightly reflected. The 
parietal wall is covered with a thin callus rendering the peritreme 
complete. Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 8 whorls. 

U.S.N.M. No. 250742 contains two specimens from Chanchamayo, 
Peru. The specimen described and figured has 4.5 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 18.8 mm.; greater diameter, 26.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 
19.5 mm. Height of aperture, 11 mm.; diameter, 12 mm. 

This species resembles A. (A.) venezuelense in the obsolete ribbing, 
but differs from it in having the whorls much flatter on the upper 
surface and not inbent near the suture as in that form. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) ECUADORENSE, new species 
PLATE 36, Figures 4-6 


Shell helicoid, the early whorls reddish horn colored, the last horn 
colored. There is a lighter, very pronounced zone immediately above 
the periphery, and a darker zone, which gradually fades basally, 
occupying the posterior two-fifths of the whorl. The rest of the base 
is of about the same shade of horn color as the last whorl; interior 
of aperture bluish white, showing the external banding within. The 
nucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the last one is gradually 
deflected for half of a turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by 
quite regular, retractively curved, slightly flattened axial riblets, 
which are a little broader than the spaces that separate them. On 
the last part of the last turn these become somewhat weakened. 
Suture well impressed. Periphery rounded. Base narrowly um- 
bilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by strong axial 
riblets, which are considerably stronger than those on the upper sur- 
face. Aperture oblique, subcircular, with a slight auricle at the 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 249 


posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin, the inner thickened 
and slightly reflected. A strong callus covers the parietal wall and 
renders the peritreme complete. The operculum is typically aper- 
ostomid and shows 8 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 316105, was collected by Cuming at Quito, 
Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 23.3 mm.; greater 
diameter, 33.0 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.5 mm. Height of aperture, 
14.5 mm.; diameter, 15.7 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307407 contains three topotypes, and U.S.N.M. No. 
316110 contains another topotype. 

This species is differentiated from the others of the group that 
have the axial ribs of the umbilical wall stronger than on the upper 
surface by its narrow umbilicus. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) SUBCINGULATUM (Kobelt) 
PLATE 36, Ficures 1-3 


1912. Neocyclotus (giganteus?) subcingulatus Kopett, Martini-Chemnitz Con- 
chylien Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 892, pl. 133, figs. 4-6. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) subcingulatum H. B. BaxKer, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 137, p. 42. 

Shell low, helicoid, covered with a reddish periostracum, which 
pales to chestnut-brown on the last turn. There is a very narrow 
light zone immediately above the periphery. The base is bicolor; the 
posterior portion covering about two-fifths of the base is dark chest- 
nut-brown at the periphery and gradually pales anteriorly; the an- 
terior portion is bright horn color. The nucleus consists of 2 small, 
well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded, 
the last one having a slight depression immediately below the sum- 
mit. All but the last postnuclear whorls are marked by slender, 
retractively curved axial riblets, which are not so wide as the spaces 
that separate them. On the last whorl, however, these riblets grow 
consecutively weaker and become quite evanescent toward the end. 
Suture very strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base 
broadly umbilicated, inflated, marked by the continuation of the axial 
riblets, which are weak at the periphery but grow stronger as they 
cross the base, being very strong on the umbilical wall. Aperture 
broadly oval, with a slight auricle at the posterior angle; peristome 
simple; the outer lip thin; the inner lip slightly thickened and 
slightly reflected. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick 
callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 98109, comes 
from Quito, Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 19.5 
mm.; greater diameter, 36.1 mm.; lesser diameter, 24.6 mm. Height 
of aperture, 14.7 mm.; diameter, 16.3 mm. 


250 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U.S.N.M. No. 366106 contains an additional specimen from Quito; 
U.S.N.M. No. 126907, one specimen collected by M. B. Kerr is 
labeled merely “Ecuador.” 

This species, which has the same type locality as A. (A.) ecwador- 
ense, is of about the same size as that species but is more depressed, 
with a much larger umbilicus. 


THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) QUITENSE 


Medium-sized shells, not decidedly depressed and having a rather 
large aperture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) QUITENSE (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 36, Figures 138-15 


1852. Oyclostoma (Cyclotus) quitense Prretrrrr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 
20, p. 61. 

1852. Cyclotus quitensis P¥FrIrFrR, Monographia pneumopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 17. 

1854. Cyclostoma quitense Prrtrrrr, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 
1, sect. 19, p. 340, pl. 44, figs. 19-22. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) quitensis KosELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) quitensis H. B. BAKeER, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 48. 


Shell rather large, low, helicoid, covered with a bright chestnut- 
brown periostracum. There is a pale, rather broad zone immediately 
above the periphery. The base is bicolor, having a broad, very dark 
chestnut-brown band immediately below the periphery, which ex- 
tends over half of the base. The anterior half of the base, including 
the umbilical wall, is bright horn color; interior of aperture decidedly 
bluish, showing the external banding within. The nucleus consists 
of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well 
rounded, the last one is slightly impressed a little below the suture. 
They are marked with weak, retractively curved axial riblets. Suture 
strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. The light band above 
the periphery produces an optical illusion of angulation. Base mod- 
erately broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked 
by the continuation of the feeble riblets on the posterior half, but from 
there on these riblets become much strengthened and are quite strong 
on the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly oval, with a rather strong 
auricle at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip rather 
flaringly expanded and slightly reflected; inner lip somewhat thick- 
ened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders 
the peritreme complete. The operculum is typically aperostomid, 
showing 9 whorls. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 255 


The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307446, comes 
from Quito, Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 20.8 
mm.; greater diameter, 36.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 24.2 mm. Height 
of aperture, 14 mm.; diameter, 18.2 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307396 contains three topotypes collected by Cum- 
ing; U.S.N.M. No. 307431 contains another topotype from the Morelet 
collection. 

This species is easily differentiated from A. (A.) ecwadorense and 
subcingulatum (Kobelt) by its smoother surface and much larger 
aperture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) OLIVACEUM, new species 
PuLate 36, Ficures 10-12 


Shell low, helicoid, the early whorls pinkish, the last olivaceous 
with darker axial streaks, which are of irregular width and spacing. 
There is a light zone immediately above the periphery and a darker 
broad zone covering the posterior two-fifths of the base. The 
umbilical wall and the rest of the base are of the same color as the 
upper surface of the last turn; interior of the aparture bluish. The 
nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The post- 
nuclear whorls are well rounded; however, there is a depressed area 
a little below the summit. The postnuclear whorls are marked by 
retractively curved axial ribs, which are of about the same width 
as the spaces that separate them and which grow consecutively 
stronger as the shell increases in size. In addition, there are irregu- 
lar, oblique scratches in the depressed area below the summit on 
the last turn and feeble indications of spiral markings on the rest 
of the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed. The periphery is 
well rounded. The light band, however, gives it the optical illusion 
of being angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly 
rounded, and marked by the continuaaion of the axial ribs, which 
become slightly stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture very 
large, subcircular; peristome simple; outer lip thin; inner thickened. 
The parietal wall is covered by a very heavy callus which is slightly 
emarginated, and which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524084, comes from Ecuador. It has 4.6 
whorls and measures: Height, 20.8 mm.; greater diameter, 34.2 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 23.1 mm. Height of aperture, 13.9 mm.; diameter, 
16.6 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307423 contains a topotype. 

This species in form and sculpture most nearly resembles A. (A.) 
castaneum, from which its much paler coloration easily distinguishes it. 


252 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CASTANEUM, new species 
PLATE 36, F1guRES 7-9 


Shell low, helicoid, bright chestnut-brown on the upper turns, with 
a light zone immediately above the periphery and a broad dark 
chestnut-brown band immediately below the periphery. The rest 
of the base is golden horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white, 
the edge buff colored. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are moderately rounded, 
well impressed a little anterior to the suture with a slender cord at 
the suture. The last whorl is decurrent for about one-quarter of a 
turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by strong, retractively 
curved, very regular axial riblets, which become decidedly weakened 
on the last quarter of the last whorl. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base moderately broadly, openly umbili- 
cated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation 
of the axial ribs, which do not become stronger on the umbilical 
wall. Aperture very large, very broadly ovate with a slight angu- 
lation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin, 
decidedly produced on the outer lip and slightly reflected; inner 
lip slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately 
thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524087, comes from Venezuela without 
specific locality. It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 18.4 
mm.; greater diameter, 32.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 21.4 mm. Height 
of aperture, 12.3 mm.; diameter, 15.7 mm. 

This species resembles A. (A.) olévacewm but differs from it in 
having the axial sculpture much stronger and the last whorl de- 
cidedly decurrent and in being of much darker coloration. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PERUVIANUM (Da Costa) 
PLATE 36, F1cuREs 16-18 


1906. Neocyclotus peruvianus Da Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 7, p. 98, 
pl. 11, figs. 7-9. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) peruvianus H. B. BAxKkrEr, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 42. 

We have not seen specimens of this species and so give a translation 
of Da Costa’s description and copy his figures: 

Shell large, openly umbilicated, depressed, grayish brown with a 
narrow yellowish band above the periphery. The base bears a broad 
dark band. Whorls 4.5, convex, impressed at the suture, obliquely 
rib-striated. Aperture obliquely circular, bluish white. Greater 
diameter, 38 mm.; lesser diameter, 29 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 253 


Type locality : Pozuzo, eastern Peru. 

Da Costa further adds: “There is a certain resemblance between 
this shell and JW. cingulatus, Sowb., from Colombia, but it is less 
openly umbilicated and not so strongly striated. The different geo- 
graphical distribution of the two species should be sufficient to dis- 
tinguish them. The shelly operculum is thick and consists of 8-9 
whorls, which are thickened at the inner edge.” 

The very broad umbilicus will distinguish this from the other 
members whose last whorl is not finely regularly ribbed. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) SALENGOENSE, new species 
PLATE 37, FIcuRES 18-20 


Shell low, helicoid; the denuded early whorls pinkish, the later 
turns soiled white. Where the periostracum remains this is shown 
to be golden-yellow on the upper surface. There is a narrow light 
zone at the periphery and the base has a broad, dark, colored band 
covering two-fifths of its surface. Anterior to this, including the 
umbilical wall, the base has a horncolored periostracum; interior of 
the aperture bluish white. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well- 
rounded, smooth turns, forming a rather pointed apex. The post- 
nuclear whorls are well rounded, with a slightly impressed area 
a little below the suture on the last turn and a weak cord at the sum- 
mit, which is appressed to the preceding turn. The postnuclear 
whorls are marked by rather irregular, poorly developed, retrac- 
tively slanting axial riblets which become evanescent on the last part 
of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery feebly an- 
gulated. Base moderately openly umbilicated, inflated, well-rounded, 
and marked by the same type of sculpture as that which characterizes 
the upper surface. Aperture broadly oval with a slight auricle at the 
posterior angle; peristome simple; the outer lip produced at its junc- 
tion with the basal lip and slightly reflected, thin; the inner slightly 
thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which is 
separated from the preceding turn by an impressed groove, which 
renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 104432, was collected by Cuming at Salengo 
Island, Ecuador. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height, 21.5 mm.; 
greater diameter, 37.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 25.4 mm. Height of 
aperture, 13.5 mm.; diameter, 17.7 mm. 

The appressed summit distinguishes this species from the other 
members of the group having a moderately broad umbilicus. 


428349—42——_17 


254 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) MASVENSE, new species 
PLATE 37, Figures 1-3 


Shell helicoid. The denuded early whorls pinkish, the rest oli- 
vaceous with a brownish tinge. There are also irregular axial 
streaks of a darker shade. There is a narrow light zone immediately 
above the periphery and a broad dark band about one-fifth of the 
width of the base anterior to the periphery. The rest of the base 
is olivaceous horn colored; interior of the aperture bluish, showing 
the dark band within. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, the 
last one decurrent for some little distance behind the aperture, hav- 
ing a strongly impressed groove a little anterior to the summit. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by rather coarse, retractively 
curved, and somewhat irregularly developed axial riblets, which be- 
come decidedly weakened on the last quarter of the last turn. In 
the groove below the summit there are oblique scratches. Sutures 
very strongly impressed, almost channeled. Periphery obsoletely 
angulated. Base narrowly openly umbilicated, inflated, strongly 
rounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which 
increase but slightly on the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular 
with a conspicuous angulation at the posterior angle; peristome 
simple; outer lip thin, slightly expanded; the inner lip somewhat 
thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which is 
separated from the preceding turn by an impressed line, which 
renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524048, was collected by Oscar Haught at 
Cerro Masve, Guayas Province, Ecuador. It has 4.5 whorls and 
measures: Height, 18.9 mm.; greater diameter, 30.2 mm.; lesser di- 
ameter, 21.1mm. Height of aperture, 11.8 mm.; diameter, 14.1 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 524049 contains 15 topotypes from the same source. 

The more elevated spire will readily distinguish this species from 
A. (A.) agassizi, which also has the axial sculpture comparatively 
stronger. 

APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) AGASSIZI, new species 


Puate 37, Ficures 4-6 


Shell depressed-helicoid; the early denuded whorls pink; the last 
covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum, which is paler on the 
early whorls than on the last. There is a small white zone imme- 
diately above the periphery, and a broad dark chestnut brown band, 
which covers about a quarter of the base immediately below the 
periphery. The rest of the base is yellowish horn colored. The 
nucleus consists of 2 rather large, well-rounded, smooth turns. The 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCA B55 


postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded, the last one having 
a depressed area a little anterior to the summit. The summit itself, 
at least on the last whorl, shows like a cord. The postnuclear whorls 
are marked by retractively slanting axial riblets, which on the penul- 
timate whorl are about as wide as the spaces that separate them; on 
the last half of the last whorl they gradually become weakened and 
finally evanescent. Suture very conspicously impressed. Periphery 
of the last whorl feebly angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, 
inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the 
axial ribs which become irregular and rather poorly emphasized on 
the umbilical wall. Aperture large with a moderately conspicuous 
angulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip rather 
produced, thin; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is 
covered by a thick callus, which is separated from the preceding turn 
by an impressed line, rendering the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 57285, was collected by Louis Agassiz in 
Brazil, probably in the Amazon River region, since the Agassiz 
expedition covered that field. It had 4.4 whorls and measures: 
Height, 15.7 mm.; greater diameter, 28.3 mm.; lesser diameter, 19 
mm. Height of aperture, 11.1 mm.; diameter, 13.7 mm. 

This species is readily distinguished from A. (A.) nevadense by 
its deeply impressed suture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) NEVADENSE, new species 
PLATE 37, Ficures 15-17 


Shell helicoid, the upper surface covered by a brownish olivaceous 
periostracum, which on the last half of the last turn becomes olive. 
There is a narrow, faint, spiral, lighter zone immediately above the 
periphery. The base has a pale olivaceous-brown band covering one- 
fifth of the base, anterior to the periphery. The rest is olivaceous 
horn colored. The nucleus consists of 2, rather large, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The post-nuclear whorls are well rounded, the last one 
is slightly flattened toward the suture. The postnuclear whorls are 
marked by very poorly developed, irregular, somewhat wavy axial 
riblets. Suture weakly impressed. On the last half of the last turn 
the riblets become decidedly irregular and almost obsolete. Periphery 
obsoletely angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, well 
rounded, and marked by irregularly developed and spaced riblets, 
which give it a rough surface, even rougher than the spire. Aperture 
broadly oval, weakly angulated at the posterier angle; peristome 
simple; the outer lip thin; the inner slightly thickened and slightly 
reflected. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus, 
which renders the peritreme complete. 


256 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The type, U.S.N.M. No 206494, was collected by Gabaldon and 
sons at an altitude of 8,400 ft., in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, 
Venezuela. It has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height, 15.8 mm.; 
greater diameter, 28.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 19.8 mm. Height of 
aperture, 10.9 mm.; diameter, 138 mm. 

The rough irregular sculpture and weakly impressed suture will 


readily differentiate this species from A. (A.) agassizi. 
THE GROUP OF APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FASCIATUM 
Small shells with rather narrow umbilicus and small aperture. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FASCIATUM (Kobelt) 
PLATE 37, FiaurEs 7-9 


1912. Neocyclotus popayanus fasciata Kopsetr, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien 
Cabinet, vol. 1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 900 (pl. 7, figs. 7-10), pl. 189, figs. 1-5. 
1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) popayana fasciata H. B. BAxer, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 137, 40, 44. 
1928. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dunkeri var. approaching P. popayana H. B. BAKER, 
Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 40, 45, pl. 5, fig. Ty. 
Shell small, helicoid, covered with an olivaceous-brown periostracum, 
which fades to olivaceous on the last portion of the last turn. In 
addition, there is a pale band immediately above the periphery and in- 
dications of additional inconspicuous spiral lighter zones on the upper 
surface. There isa dark band of brown about one-fifth width of base 
immediately anterior to the periphery and in addition to that lesser 
spiral bands of brown on the anterior half of the base; the rest is 
olivaceous horn colored; the interior of aperture is bluish white. The 
nucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are well elevated, inflated, and strongly 
rounded. ‘The last one is deflected below the periphery for almost a 
turn. The postnuclear whorls are marked by feeble, retractively 
curved, hairlike riblets, which become much enfeebled on the last 
quarter of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded and 
marked by the feeble continuation of the axial ribs on the posterior 
half; on the anterior half and the umbilical wall the axial ribs become 
very much intensified. Aperture rather small, circular, with a slight 
angulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; the outer lip 
slightly flaringly expanded; the inner somewhat thickened. A mod- 
erately thick callus covers the parietal wall. It is separated from the 
preceding turn by an impressed line and renders the peritreme com- 
plete. Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 9 whorls. 
The specimen described and figured is one of two, U.S.N.M. No. 
57766, which comes from Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. It has 43 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 257 


whorls and measures: Height, 16 mm.; greater diameter, 21.8 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 16.3 mm. Height of aperture, 9.4 mm.; diameter, 
10.3 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 316273 contains 2 additional specimens labeled 
“Venezuela.” 

While this species resembles A. (A.) pazi (Crosse) in having the 
last whorl deflected, it can be distinguished from it in being much 
darker in coloration and in having the umbilicus narrower. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PAZI (Crosse) 
PLATE 37, FicurEs 12-14 


1866. Cyclotus pazi Crossr, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 356, pl. 14, fig. 3. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) pazi KopeLr and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) pazi H. B. BAKrr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michi- 
gan, No. 187, p. 41. 

Shell small, helicoid, covered by an olivaceous periostracum, the 
early whorls of which have a brownish tinge. There are irregular 
streaks of darker axial bands present. There is a narrow pale zone 
immediately posterior to the periphery and a weak brownish band 
about one-quarter the width of the base anterior to the periphery. The 
rest of the base is horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white. The 
nucleus consists of two moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the summit of the last 
one falls very materially below the periphery of the preceding turn. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by fairly strong, retractively slant- 
ing axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate 
them. On the last half of the last turn these riblets become very 
irregular, more or less fused, and quite obsolete on the last portion. 
Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbili- 
cated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of 
the axial sculpture, which becomes a little heavier and more irregular 
on the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular, very slightly angu- 
lated at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin; inner 
lip slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately 
thick callus which is separated from the preceding turn by an 
impressed line rendering the peritreme complete. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307401 contains two specimens, one of which has served 
for our figure. They were collected by Cuming on Chimborazo, 
Ecuador. The specimen figured has 41/4, whorls and measures: Height, 
11 mm.; greater diameter, 22 mm.; lesser diameter, 18.5 mm. Height 
of aperture, 9.5 mm.; diameter, 9.9 mm. 

This species resembles A. (A.) fasctatum (Kobelt) in having the 
last whorl decidedly deflected but differs from it in being much paler 
and in having the umbilicus wider. 


258 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CAUCAENSE (Da Costa) 
PLATE 37, FicureEs 10, 11 
1901. Neocyclotus caucaensis DA Costa, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. 4, p. 240, 
pl. 24, fig. 9. 
1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) caucaensis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 41. 

We have not seen specimens of this species and so give a trans- 
lation of Da Costa’s description and copy his figure: 

Shell moderately profoundly umbilicated, subdiscoid, vivid oliva- 
ceous green with the interior of the aperture white and narrowly 
banded at and below the periphery. Whorls 4, impressed at the 
suture; the last canaliculate below. Aperture circular; peristome 
thin, with a cut in the basal lip. Greater diameter, 30 mm.; lesser, 
23.5 mm. 

Habitat: Province of Cauca, Colombia. 

Da Costa then adds: “Of the two specimens received of this singu- 
lar shell one was returned by the writer in hopes that others might 
be discovered, but without result. In both of the shells sent the 
fissure on the lip occurs in precisely the same place, just below the 
shallow canal that surrounds the base; a similar fissure is found 
in V. giganteus, var. Fischerianus, Hid., from Ecuador, but that 
form has no canal on the base.” 

This species looks to us as if its peculiarities were due to an in- 
jury; however, not having seen it or anything like it, we merely 
cite it as described and figured. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) COLOMBIENSE (Da Costa) 
PLATE 88, FicuRES 22-24 


1901. Neocyclotus colombiensis Da Costa, Proc. Mal. Soc. London, vol. 4, p. 240, 
pl. 24, fig. 7 (not Cyclostoma colombiensis Férussac MS., Orbigny, 1835). 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) colombiensis H. B. BAKER, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, p. 48. 

Shell helicoid, the upper portion brownish olivaceous. There is 
a narrow light band immediately above the periphery and a narrow 
dark chestnut-colored band immediately below the periphery. There 
is a second dark chestnut-colored band of the same intensity and 
width on the middle of the base. Between these two there are 
numerous slender, spiral hairlines of dark brown. The rest of the 
base is olivaceous horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white. 
The nucleus consists of 2 rather large, well-rounded, small turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded; the last one drops 
considerably below the periphery of the preceding turn and bears 
a conspicuous rounded cord at the appressed summit. Below this 
cord is an impressed groove. The postnuclear whorls are marked by 


HE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 259 


retractively curved feeble riblets, which are rather irregular in 
strength and spacing, and which become weaker on the last turn 
and obsolete on the last portion thereof. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery weakly angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, 
strongly rounded, and marked by the continuation of the feeble axial 
sculpture, which, however, develops into stronger and broader riblets 
on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular with a moderately strong 
angulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin, 
slightly expanded and slightly reflected; inner lip moderately thick- 
ened. The parietal wall is covered by a heavy callus, which is 
strongly separated from the preceding turn and renders the peritreme 
complete. 

The specimen described and figured, U.S.N.M. No. 307482, was 
received from Sowerby and Fulton with the designation “New 
Grenada” (Colombia). It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 
18.7 mm.; greater diameter, 27.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.2 mm. 
Height of aperture, 11 mm.; diameter, 12.8 mm. 

Da Costa’s figure yields the following measurements: Height, 21.1 
mm.; greater diameter, 33.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 24.7 mm. Height 
of aperture, 13.4 mm.; diameter, 14.9 mm. It has 5 whorls. 

This species recalls A. (A.) caucaense (Da Costa) but lacks the 
basal sinus or configuration described therefor. It also suggests 
A, (A.) perezi (Hildalgo), but is much larger than that species. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PEREZI (Hidalgo) 
PLATE 38, FIGURES 4-6 


1866. Cyclotus perezi Hi~paco, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 14, p. 344, pl. 14, fig. 2. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) perezi Kosett and MO6.iLEeNnporFr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) perezi H. B. BaKEr, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 137, p. 43. 

Shell small, depressed-helicoid, the upper surface bright reddish 
chestnut-brown. There is a very inconspicuous, narrow, slightly 
lighter zone immediately above the periphery. The base has a 
broad dull chestnut-brown band immediately below the periphery 
and another narrow one of the same shade on the middle of the 
base. The rest is a little paler than the upper surface. The nucleus 
consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, smooth turns. The 
postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, almost flattened 
at the summit. The summit of the last one falls slightly below 
the periphery of the preceding turn. The postnuclear whorls are 
marked by regular fine riblets. Suture strongly constricted. Pe- 
riphery well rounded. Base openly umbilicated and marked by 
the continuation of the axial riblets, which become a little less 


260 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


strong on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular with a slight angu- 
lation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin and 
the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a 
moderately strong callus which renders the peritreme complete. 

U.S.N.M. No. 316104 contains two specimens from Quito, Ecuador. 
The one figured has 4 whorls and measures: Height, 13.8 mm.; 
greater diameter, 24.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.8 mm. Height of 
aperture, 10.2 mm.; diameter, 11.1 mm. 

The small size and more depressed form readily distinguish this 
species from A. (A.) colombiense (Da Costa), and the regular rib- 
bing of the upper surface differentiates it from A. (A.) redfieldi. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BOLIVIENSE, new species 
PLATE 38, Fiaures 7-9 


Shell helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown periostracum, which 
is a little paler near the suture than on the major portion of the 
turns. There is a narrow, inconspicuous, lighter zone immediately 
above the periphery. The base is marked by a broad chestnut- 
brown band, which gradually fades from the periphery basally. This 
is separated by a narrow band, which is about twice as wide as 
the narrow dark chestnut-brown band below it, which occupies 
the middle of the base. The general coloration of the base is oliva- 
ceous horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus 
consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear 
whorls are strongly rounded; the summit of the last one gradually 
falls below the periphery of the preceding turn. The postnuclear 
whorls are marked by rather strong, retractively curved axial riblets, 
which grow somewhat weaker and irregular on the last part of 
the last whorl. Suture very deeply impressed. Periphery obsoletely 
angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded 
and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which grow very 
slightly stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture broadly oval, pro- 
duced at the junction of the basal and outer lip; peristome simple; 
outer lip sharp; inner somewhat thickened. The parietal wall is 
covered by a thick callus, which is separated from the preceding 
turn by a deeply impressed groove which renders the peritreme 
complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307426, was received from Sowerby and 
Fulton with the designation “Veocyclotus inca Orbigny var. Minor 
Pfeiffer” and the locality “Bolivia.” It has 4.2 whorls and measures: 
Height, 14.5 mm.; greater diameter, 23.9 mm.; lesser diameter, 16.5 
mm. Height of aperture, 9.7 mm.; diameter, 10.9 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 524102 contains one topotype from the same source. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 261 


This species resembles A. (A.) redfieldi. It has the suture much 
more profoundly impressed and the median basal dark band more 
nearly on the middle of the base. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) REDFIELDI, new species 
PLATE 38, FicuRES 10-12 


Shell small, helicoid. The upper surface is dark chestnut-brown. 
There is a broad light band immediately above the periphery, while 
below the periphery there is a broad dark chestnut-brown band about 
twice as wide as the light zone above, and a second narrow band occu- 
pies the base a little posterior to the middle. The rest of the base is 
olivaceous, with a brownish tinge; interior of the aperture bluish 
white. The nucleus consists of about 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. 
The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the last one is appressed as 
a feeble cord at the summit, below which there is an impressed groove. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by feeble, poorly developed axial 
riblets which are of irregular size and spacing. On the last part of 
the last turn they become quite obsolete. The summit of the last whorl 
falls slightly below the periphery of the preceding turn. Periphery 
obscurely angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly 
rounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which do 
not appear to grow stronger on the umbilical wall. Aperture almost 
circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; peristome simple; 
the outer lip sharp; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is 
covered by a thick callus, which is separated from the preceding turn 
by a strongly impressed groove, which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 307399, comes from Brazil. It has 4.5 
whorls and measures: Height, 14.5 mm.; greater diameter, 23.6 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 16.7 mm. Height of aperture, 8.5 mm.; diameter, 
10.3 mm. 

This species is very closely related to A. (A.) boliviense but has the 
height of the aperture proportionately smaller. The color band also 
occupies a different position. In A. (A.) boliviense it is on the middle 
of the base, while in this species it is more posterior. A. (A.) boli- 
viense also has the suture much more strongly impressed. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CURRANI, new species 
PLATE 38, Figures 1-3 


Shell helicoid, soiled white when denuded. The fragments of the 
periostracum remaining in the specimen before us show a golden- 
brown tint on the upper surface with a dark subperipheral band on 
the base. The nuclear whorls are decollated in our specimen. The 
postnuclear whorls are well rounded and marked by retractively 


262 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


slanting axial riblets. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery ob- 
scurely angulated. Base moderately broadly umbilicated, inflated, 
well rounded, with the axial riblets growing a little stronger on the um- 
bilical wall. Aperture subcircular ; peristome simple; outer lip slightly 
expanded and reflected; inner moderately thickened. The parietal 
wall is covered by a rather heavy callus, which is separated from the 
preceding turn by an impressed line. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 322360, was collected by H. M. Curran on 
the Rio Gregugy, Bahia, Brazil. It has a little more than 2 whorls 
remaining and measures: Height, 16 mm.; greater diameter, 27.5 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 10.8 mm. Height of aperture, 12.1 mm. 

We dislike to describe imperfect material as new species but are 
making an exception in this case because the specimen in question 
represents an element completing the range of the group to which 
it belongs. 

The species can be easily differentiated from A. (A.) merrilli by 
its larger size. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) NANUM, new species 
PLATE 38, Ficures 13-15 


Shell small, helicoid; the upper surface horn yellow with a narrow 
light zone immediately above the periphery. Below the periphery 
there is a narrow blackish-brown zone. The rest of the base is of the 
same color as the upper surface. The nucleus consists of 2 well- 
rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the 
last one has an inconspicuous cord at the summit immediately adjacent 
to which is an impressed groove. The summit of the last half turn of 
the last whorl is gradually deflected until it falls below the dark sub- 
peripheral band. The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively 
slanting axial riblets, which are about as wide as the spaces that sep- 
arate them. Suture very strongly impressed. Periphery obscurely 
angulated. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, marked 
by the continuation of the axial ribs, which become very much enfeebled 
on the last half. These axial riblets become stronger on the umbilical 
wall. Aperture circular, slightly angulated at the posterior angle; 
peristome simple; outer lip thin; inner lip somewhat thickened. The 
narrow parietal wall is covered by a thick callus which renders the 
peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 336128, was collected by H. Pittier on the 
coastal range somewhere between sea level and 200 meters between 
Caracas and Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. It has 4 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 18.8 mm.; greater diameter, 21.7 mm.; lesser diameter, 
15.8 mm. Height of aperture, 8.5 mm.; diameter, 10.1 mm. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCA 263 


The small size and pale coloration readily distinguish this species 
from the other members of the group. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) MERRILLI, new species 


PLATE 38, FieuRES 19-21 


Shell low, helicoid. The upper surface olivaceous, with a brownish 
tinge. There is a broad light zone immediately above the periphery 
and a broad dark zone covering about two-fifths of the base immedi- 
ately below the periphery. The rest of the base is a little paler than 
the upper surface. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded. The 
last one is gradually deflected until it falls about halfway across the 
dark subperipheral band at the aperture. The postnuclear whorls 
are marked by retractively curved, slender axial riblets, which are 
not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. These riblets be- 
come somewhat confused and irregular on the last half of the last 
turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery obscurely angulated. 
Base openly, rather broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, 
and marked by the continuation of the axial riblets, which become 
obsolete on the umbilical wall. Aperture almost circular with a 
slight angulation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip 
thin; inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a 
moderately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 58310 comes from Brazil. It has 43 
whorls and measures: Height, 14.6 mm.; greater diameter, 23.7 mm,; 
lesser diameter, 17 mm. Height of aperature, 9.5 mm.; diameter, 
10.9 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 203708 contains five not quite perfect specimens ob- 
tained by H. B. Merrill on the Braganza Railway in the Amazon 
Valley; U.S.N.M. No. 57286 contains another specimen obtained by 
the Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. 

The larger size, darker coloration, and the feeble sculpture on the 
umbilical wall readily distinguish this species from A. (A.) nanum. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) PULCHELLUM, new species 
PLATE 38, Ficures 16-18 


Shell small, depressed-helicoid, thin. The early whorls with a 
pinkish tinge; the later pale horn colored. There is an inconspicuous 
light zone immediately above the periphery and a moderately broad 
chestnut band immediately below it. The rest of the base is colored 
like the upper surface of the last whorl. The nucleus consists of 2 
rather large, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls 
are well rounded, slightly flattened toward the summit, or even some- 


264 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


what inbent. The summit of the last turn gradually falls below the 
periphery of the preceding turn at the aperture, and is more than 
the width of the brown band below the brown band. The postnu- 
clear whorls are marked by feeble axial riblets, which are merely 
indicated on the last half of the last turn. Suture very deeply im- 
pressed. Base broadly openly umbilicated, somewhat inflated, well 
rounded and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which do 
not become intensified on the umbilical wall. Aperture very large; 
peristome simple; outer lip expanded and slightly reflected; inner 
lip slightly thickened. A very heavy callus covers the parietal wall, 
from which it is separated by a strongly impressed groove, which 
renders the peritreme complete. Operculum typically aperostomid, 
showing 9 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524125, comes from Brazil. It has 4.3 
whorls and measures: Height, 12.1 mm.; greater diameter, 22.1 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 15 mm. Height of aperture, 6.9 mm.; diameter, 
10.5 mm. 

The pale coloration, obsolete supraperipheral light zone, and feeble 
axial sculpture on the umbilical wall readily differentiate this species 
from A. (A.) merrilli. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) POPAYANUM (Lea) 
PLATE 39, FiauRES 17-19 (type), 20-22 


1839. Cyclostoma popayana LEA, Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc., new ser., vol. 6, p. 94, 
pl. 23, fig. 76. 

1847. Aperostoma popayanum Pretrrer, Zeitsch. f. Malak., vol. 4, p. 104. 

1852. Cyclotus popayanus PretFreR, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 21. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) popayanus Kosetr and MO.tienporrr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1928. Poteria (Neocyclotus) popayana H. B. Baxer, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 44. 

Shell helicoid, the upper surface olivaceous horn colored with axial 
streaks of darker shades, which are of irregular size and spacing. 
There is a narrow light zone immediately above the periphery and 
a brownish olivaceous band below the periphery, which gradually 
fades basally. The rest of the base is horn colored. The nucleus 
consists of 2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns, forming a rather 
elevated spire. The postnuclear whorls are well rounded; the last 
one slightly deflected below the periphery, forming a weak cord at 
the appressed summit, below which there is an impressed groove. 
The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively curved slender 
axial riblets, which are narrower than the spaces that separate them, 
and which on the last turn become rather irregular. Here, too, there 
are oblique scratches in the depressed area below the summit and, to 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 265 


a lesser extent, on the rest of the whorl. Periphery obscurely angu- 
lated. Base narrowly umbilicated, and marked by the feeble con- 
tinuation of the axial ribs, which do not become intensified on the 
umbilical wall. Aperture circular with a conspicuous angulation at 
the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin, somewhat ex- 
panded and slightly reflected on the basal half; slightly thickened on 
the inner lip with the parietal wall covered by a moderately thick 
callus which is separated from the preceding turn by an impressed 
line, which renders the peritreme complete. Operculum typically 
aperostomid, showing 9 whorls. 

Lea’s type, U.S.N.M. No. 104453, was collected by Dr. Gibbons near 
Popayan, Grenada (that is, southwest Colombia). It has 4.2 whorls 
and measures: Height, 14.7 mm.; greater diameter, 22.6 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 16 mm. Height of aperture, 9.8 mm.; diameter, 10.7 mm. 

A second specimen with the type and bearing the same number 
is considerably larger but in every way similar to the dead denuded 
type. It measures: Height, 18.4 mm.; greater diameter, 27.5 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 19 mm. Height of aperture, 10.8 mm.; diameter, 
12.6 mm. It has 4.6 whorls. 

We have also figured one of two specimens received from Bland, 
U.S.N.M. No. 307406, collected at Marmato, New Grenada (south- 
western Colombia). It has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height, 15.4 
mm.; greater diameter, 23.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 17 mm. Height 
of aperture, 10.4 mm.; diameter, 10.8 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 356029 contains two young specimens from New 
Grenada. 

This species appears nearest related to A. (A.) balsasense, from 
which it can readily be differentiated by the scratched surface of the 
last whorl, which is not present in balsasense. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) BALSASENSE, new species 
PLATE 39, Fiaures 1-3 


Shell depressed-helicoid. The early whorls are flesh colored; the 
last two horn colored with a brownish flush. There is a very narrow 
light zone immediately above the periphery and a broad dark zone 
below the periphery which extends from the periphery to almost the 
middle of the base, gradually fading anteriorly. The anterior portion 
and umbilical wall are horn colored; the interior of the aperture is 
flesh white and shows the external banding. The nucleus consists of 
2 small, well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are well 
rounded, appressed at the summit and marked on the penultimate 
whorl by very regular and regularly spaced retractively curved axial 
ribs. These ribs are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. 
On the last whorl the riblets become somewhat irregular and toward 


266 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


the end evanescent. The summit of the last whorl drops slightly below 
the periphery. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, well rounded, and 
marked by the feeble continuation of the axial ribs, which almost 
vanish on the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, with a slight angu- 
lation at the posterior angle; peristome simple; outer lip very thin; 
inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered with a thin 
callus which renders the peritreme complete. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524126, comes from Balsas, Peru. It has 4 
whorls and measures: Height, 13.8 mm.; greater diameter, 23.3 mm.; 
lesser diameter, 16.4mm. Height of aperture, 9.3 mm.; diameter, 10.2 
mm. <A topotype has the U.S.N.M. No. 524127. 

This species resembles most nearly A. (A.) popayanum (Lea), from 
which the feeble basal sculpture and stronger ribs on the upper surface 
will readily distinguish it as well as the absence of strong scratching 
on the last whorl. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) CARDOZI (H. B. Baker) 
PLATE 39, FicurEs 4-6 


1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) dunkeri cardozi H. B. Baker, Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Michigan, No. 187, pp. 438, 44, pl. 5, fig. R. 

Shell small, depressed-helicoid, horn colored, with a broad brownish 
band extending from the periphery over the anterior two-fifths of the 
base. This band is bordered on each side by a narrow darker zone, and 
there is an obsolete stripe of this darker coloration midway between 
these two in the specimen figured. The basal portion is a little paler 
than the upper surface; interior of aperture bluish white. The nucleus 
consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are 
somewhat inflated, well rounded, and marked by retractively curved, 
moderately rough incremental lines, which develop into irregular 
obsolete riblets on the last half turn. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery obsoletely angulated. Base openly umbilicated, inflated, 
well rounded and marked like the upper surface. Aperture circular; 
peristome simple, thin, sharp. The parietal wall is covered by a mod- 
erately thick callus. Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 7 
whorls. 

The specimen described and figured is one of two lent by Professor 
Goodrich for examination. It comes from La Fria, Venezuela. It is 
a topotype having 3.7 whorls and measures: Height, 8.9 mm.; greater 
diameter, 16.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 11.7 mm. Height of aperture, 
7 mm.; diameter, 7.3 mm. 

Baker’s type has 3.7 whorls and measures: Height, 9.4 mm.; greater 
diameter, 17mm. Height of aperture, 7.5 mm.; diameter, 7.5 mm. 

This species appears most nearly related to A. (A.) balsasense but 
can readily be differentiated from it by its much smaller size. 


Ee 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 267 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) INCA (Orbigny) 
PLate 39, FicuRE 12 


1835. Cyclostoma inca Orpieny, Mag. Zool., p. 29. 

1837. Cyclostoma inca OrBicNy, Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale ..., vol. 5, 
p. 361, pl. 46, figs. 21-23. 

1843. Cyclostoma inca Sowrrsy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 92, pl. 24, 
figs. 71-72. 

1846. Cyclostoma inca Prrrrrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 1, 
sect. 19, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 5—7. 

1847. Aperostoma inca PFEIFFER, Zeitsch. malak., p. 104. 

1850. Cyclotus inca (pars) Gray, Nomenclature of molluscous animals and shells 
in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 6. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) inca (pars) Kosextt and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) inca H. B. BaKer, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michi- 
gan, No. 187, p. 44. 

Shell depressed-orbicular, moderately thick, transversely striate, 
greenish with a dark band below the median hair line. Spire pro- 
longed. Suture profound. Whorls 5. Aperture circular; lip thin, 
bluish within. Alt. 19 mm.; diameter, 34 mm. 

Habitat: Bolivia. 

This is a translation of Orbigny’s Latin diagnosis in the Magasin 
de Zoologie. To this we may add from Orbigny’s “Voyage ...,” p. 361: 
The specimen came from Yungas, Bolivia. 

In this work Orbigny figures the animal, which is a beautiful rose- 
colored creature. The shell is rather poorly represented, so we have 
copied Sowerby’s figure. 


APEROSTOMA (APEROSTOMA) FILOLIRATUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 39, FicuRES 14-16 


1892. Cyclotus filo-liratus SowrERpy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 298, pl. 28, 
figs. 17-19. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) filo-liratus H. B. BAKER, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. 
Michigan, No. 187, p. 41. 

We have not seen specimens of this species so give a translation of 
Sowerby’s description and copy his figure. 

Shell broadly umbilicated, somewhat depressed, olivaceous. The 
suture with a dark olivaceous brown zone marked with numerous hair- 
like axial ribs. Spire slightly elevated. Suture profound. Whorls 
5, convex. The last not descending, concavely depressed near the 
suture, carinated at the periphery ; otherwise convexly rounded. Aper- 
ture subcircular; peristome continuous, simple, slightly thickened. 
Altitude, 12 mm.; greater diameter, 36 mm., lesser, 30 mm. 

Habitat: Bogota, Colombia (Museum Da Costa). 

“The thread-like ridges on the body-whorl of this shell are much 
more distant and prominent than in @. blanchetianwm (Moricand) 


268 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


and in other allied species. I have at present only seen a single speci- 
men.” 

Sowerby’s figure shows very strong axial ribs on the last whorl, 
which crenulate the angulated periphery. 

Sowerby’s figure has 5 whorls and measures: Height, 20 mm.; greater 
diameter, 36 mm.; lesser diameter, 26.8 mm. Height of aperture, 
15.4 mm.; diameter, 15 mm. 


Subgenus CYCLOHIDALGOA Bartsch (antea, p. 136) 


Aperostomas of helicoid shape with closely crowded axial riblets. 

Type: Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum (Sowerby). 

Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Trinidad, and 
Margarita Island. 

The radula of A. (C.) translucidum trinitense, according to Guppy, 
has the formula 3: 8: 3:3. The verge of A. (@.) translucidum be- 
jumense (H. B. Baker) is on the back of the neck behind the tentacles, 
and bears a seminal groove and a short terminal appendage. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLI (Beddome) 


This species is differentiated from all the other Cyclohidalgoas by 
its gigantic size. It embraces the two subspecies that follow: 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLI 


Greater: diameter: more; than 50 mme_22222) 2 2) 2s ee eee belli 
Greater diameter less than 44 mm _- 2222 _-__ ee ee haughti 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLI BELLI (Beddome) 
PLATE 30, FIGURE 23 


1908. Neocyclotus belli Brppomr, Proc. Malac. Soe. London, vol. 8, pp. 20-21 
(fig). 

We have not seen this subspecies and quote Beddome’s description 
and copy his figure. 

“Shell openly but rather narrowly umbilicate, turbinately de- 
pressed with conical spire, solid, of a rich chestnut-brown, somewhat 
paler underneath and at the sutures; whorls five, convex, the first 
four gradually increasing, the last very large, the two apical ones 
smooth and shining, the others with prominent close oblique trans- 
verse striation; aperture obliquely subcircular; peristome simple, 
thick, sinuate at the suture; operculum shelly, nearly flat, six-whorled. 
Diameter 51, height 32 mm.; aperture 25 mm. 

“77ab.—Colombia, in dense forests near Zaragoza, at 800 feet 
elevation. Lately discovered by Mr. Ernest Bell.” 

It is apparently closely related to A. (C.) 6. haughti, but the 
measurements cited by Beddome are much larger than haughti. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCA 269 
APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) BELLI HAUGHTI, new subspecies 


PLATE 30, Fiaures 24-26 


Shell very large, helicoid, covered with a chestnut-brown perios- 
tracum. The nucleus consists of 2 moderately large, well-rounded, 
smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly rounded, ap- 
pressed at the summit, with a depressed zone a little anterior to the 
summit and marked by somewhat sinuous, retractively curved, closely 
spaced, slender axial ribs which are about as wide as the spaces that 
separate them. These riblets become enfeebled on the last portion of 
the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery inflated, well 
rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and 
marked by the same type of sculpture as that which characterizes the 
upper surface. This also extends over the umbilical wall. Aperture 
large, circular, with a moderately strong auricle at the posterior 
angle; peristome simple; outer lip thin; inner lip thickened. The 
parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the peritreme 
complete. The operculum is typically aperostomid, showing 6 whorls. 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 524136, was collected by Oscar Haught at 
the south part of the Department of Santander, Colombia. It has 
5.1 whorls and measures: Height, 30.2 mm.; greater diameter, 43 
mm.; lesser diameter, 30.3 mm. Height of aperture, 22.8 mm.; 
diameter, 22.2 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 472798 contains eight topotypes from the same source. 

Its smaller size will differentiate it from A. (C.) belli bella 
(Beddome). 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM (Sowerby) 


Shell of helicoid shape. Nuclear whorls 2, strongly rounded, 
smooth. Postnuclear whorls strongly rounded and marked by 
numerous closely crowded axial riblets. Suture well impressed. 
Periphery inflated, strongly rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, 
inflated, strongly rounded, and marked like the spire. Aperture cir- 
cular; peristome simple. Operculum typically aperostomid. 


KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM 


Greaters diameter) m1 Ore Gl a ey pT eee ee ee major 
Greater diameter less than 23 mm. 
Spire strongly elevated. 
Greater diameter more than 18 mm. 


Axial: riblets) \coarses: 226. 2e6 2 a Eee bejumense 

Axial riblets) NOE COATSC ee a2 a keer ee eee trinitense 

Greater diameter less than 13 mm____----_-_-___________ pygmaeum 
Spire not strongly elevated. 

Greater diameter more than 22 mm-____-_-___-__--__--_ translucidum 


Greater diameter less than 16 mm 
428349—42-___18 


fc Ak ea Me ee dunoonense 


270 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM MAJOR (H. B. Baker) 
PLATE 30, Ficures 13-15 


1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) translucida major H. B. BAxKer, Occ. Pap. Mus. 
Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 187, pp. 33, 34, pl. 5, fig. H. 

Shell large, helicoid, well elevated, covered by a thin, yellowish 
horn-colored periostracum. The nucleus consists of 2 small, well- 
rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear whorls are strongly 
rounded; the last one appressed at the summit and marked by re- 
tractively curved axial riblets, which become irregular on the last 
half of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery in- 
flated, well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, well 
rounded, and marked by the weak continuation of the axial sculp- 
ture, which extends over the umbilical wall. Aperture large, 
almost circular, with a slight angulation at the posterior angle; 
peristome simple, the outer lip sharp; inner lip slightly thickened. 
The parietal wall is covered by a thick callus, which renders the 
peritreme complete. 

The specimen described and figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No. 
360680, collected by H. Pittier near Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela. 
Tt has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height, 22.9 mm.; greater diameter, 
27.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 20.8 mm. Height of aperture, 13 mm.; 
diameter, 13.7 mm. 

The National Museum collections contain additional specimens: 
No. 362142, two specimens, also collected by Pittier at Puerto La 
Cruz, Venezuela; No. 307500, two specimens, collected by MacMurray 
at the Penal Settlement, Essequibo Province, British Guiana; 
U.S.N.M. No. 428119, one specimen, collected by J. P. Morrison at 
Kamaria, British Guiana. 

The large size will readily distinguish this from the other sub- 
species of translucidum. It is possible that when more material has 
been received from the various stations included in the wide range 
that we are here assigning to this subspecies it will be necessary to 
divide it further, but we have not now enough to make this desirable. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM BEJUMENSE (H. B. Baker) 
PLATE 30, FicurEes 4-6 


1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) translucida bejumensis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. 
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 137, pp. 33, 34, pl. 5, figs. D, H, F, G. 

Shell helicoid, strongly elevated, covered with an olivaceous horn- 

colored periostracum, which is a little darker on the early turns than on 

the last; interior of aperture bluish white. The denuded tip is red- 

dish. The nucleus consists of 2 well rounded, smooth turns. The 

postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 271 


rather strong, retractively curved axial riblets, which are about as 
wide as the spaces that separate them, and which become intensified 
toward the last part of the last turn. Suture strongly impressed. 
Periphery well rounded. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly 
rounded, and marked by the continuation of the wavy axial riblets, 
which extend also over the umbilical wall. Aperture subcircular, pro- 
duced at the posterior angle into a rather strong auriculation ; peristome 
simple, outer lip thin; inner thickened. The parietal wall is covered 
by a rather thick callus, which renders the peritreme complete. Oper- 
culum typically aperostomid, showing 5 whorls. 

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 140918 contains two paratypes, one 
of which we have described and figured. They come from Banco 
Largo, Bejuma, Venezuela. The specimen described and figured has 
4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 15.8 mm.; greater diameter, 18.8 mm. ; 
lesser diameter, 13.9 mm. Height of aperture, 9.1 mm.; diameter, 
9.2 mm. 

This subspecies is nearest related to A. (C.) translucidum trinitense 
(Guppy), from which it is easily distinguished by its coarser axial 
sculpture. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM TRINITENSE (Guppy) 
PLATE 30, Ficures 16-18 


1864. Cyclotus trinitensis Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 14, p. 245. 

1866. Cyclotus translucidus Guppy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 17, pp. 45, 46. 

1890. Neocyclotus translucidus trinitensis Crosse, Journ. Conchyl., vol. 38, p. 54. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) translucida trinitensis H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap. Mus. 
Zool. Univ. Michigan No. 187, pp. 31, 33, pl. 5, figs. B, C. 

Shell helicoid, rather elevated, the early whorls rose-red, the last 
one yellowish horn colored; interior of aperture bluish white. The 
nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded smooth turns. The postnuclear 
whorls are somewhat inflated, well rounded, and marked on the pe- 
nultimate whorl by very fine axial riblets; on the last whorl these be- 
come a little coarser, and on the last portion of the last turn evanescent 
and irregular. Below the appressed summit the last whorl is marked 
by some oblique scratches. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery 
strongly arched. Base narrowly umbilicated, inflated, strongly 
rounded, and marked by the continuation of the axial ribs, which ex- 
tend over the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, protracted into a 
triangular auricle at the posterior angle. Peristome simple; outer lip 
thin; inner lip slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered by a 
callus, which renders the peritreme complete. The operculum is typi- 
cally aperostomid and shows 5 whorls. 

The specimen described and figured is one of three, Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia No. 104631, collected by S. Brown at Cariaquita, Vene- 


272 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


zuela, on the east side of the bay; this is across the bay from Trinidad. 
It has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height, 16.6 mm.; greater diameter, 
21.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 15.8 mm. Height of aperture, 10.7 mm.; 
diameter, 10.8 mm. 

We are unable to differentiate this from the large series of Trinidad 
specimens before us and therefore apply Guppy’s name to it. It is 
nearest related to A. (@.) translucidum bejumense (H. B. Baker) 
from which the finer sculpture will distinguish it. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM PYGMAEUM, new subspecies 


PLATE 30, FIGURES 19-21 


Shell very small, thin, helicoid, strongly elevated, yellowish horn 
colored. The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded smooth turns, form- 
ing a rather high apex. The postnuclear whorls are inflated, strongly 
rounded, and marked by obsolete, retractively curved axial riblets. 
Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moder- 
ately broadly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded, and marked by 
the continuation of the obsolete sculpture referred to for the spire. 
Aperture circular, slightly produced into an angle at the posterior 
angle; peristome simple, the outer and inner lips thin. The parietal 
wall is covered by a moderately thick callus, which renders the peri- 
treme complete. The operculum is typically aperostomid and shows 
5 whorls. ~ 

The type, U.S.N.M. No. 24026, was collected by F. E. Sumichrast at 
Caratal, Venezuela. It has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height, 9.9 mm.; 
greater diameter, 12.6 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.3mm. Height of aper- 
ture, 5.9 mm.; diameter, 6.1 mm. 

U.S.N.M. No. 515727 contains five topotypes from the same source. 

The very small size readily distinguishes this form from all the 
other members of the group. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM TRANSLUCIDUM (Sowerby) 
PLATE 30, FiaurEes 1-3, 10-12 


1843. Cyclostoma translucidum Sowersy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 29. 

1843. Cyclostoma translucidum SoweExrpy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 106, 
pl. 23, fig. 4. 

1852. Cyclotus translucidus PretrrEr, Monographia pneumonomoporum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 20. 

1888. Neocyclotus translucidus FiscHER and Crossk, Mission scientifique au 
Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, vol. 2, pt. 7, p. 162, pl. 48, fig. 1. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) translucida translucida H. B. Baker, Occ. Pap., 
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 187, pp. 31, 33. 

1923. Poteria (Neocyclotus) translucida santaguitensis H. B. BAKER, ibid., pp. 38, 
35, pl. 5, figs. I. J. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 273 


Shell helicoid, moderately elevated and covered with an olive- 
colored periostracum, which has irregular axial bands of brown. The 
nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnuclear 
whorls are well rounded, the last one falling very slightly below the 
periphery at the peristome. There is an impressed groove a little 
below the summit, which gives to the last half of the shell a slightly 
channeled aspect at this place. The postnuclear whorls are marked 
by very regular, retractively curved axial riblets, which grow less 
regular and less strong toward the end of the last turn. In the groove 
below the periphery there are also oblique scratches. Base moderately 
broadly openly umbilicated, inflated, strongly rounded and marked 
by the weak continuation of the axial ribs which extend over 
the umbilical wall. Aperture circular; peristome thin; the outer 
lip sharp; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal wall is covered 
by a moderately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. 
Operculum typically aperostomid, showing 6 whorls. 

The specimen figured is one of three, U.S.N.M. No. 307424, bearing 
the label “New Grenada” (Colombia). It has 4.4 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 16.2 mm.; greater diameter, 22.4 mm.; lesser diameter, 
16.3mm. Height of aperture, 10.8 mm.; diameter, 11 mm. 

The following additional specimens are in the National collections: 
No. 307405, two specimens from New Grenada; No. 307408, three 
specimens from New Grenada. 

We have also figured a paratype of Baker’s Poteria (Neocyclotus) 
translucida santaguitensis on plate 30, figures 10-12, which agrees in 
every way with the typical material. This specimen has 4.3 whorls 
and measures: Height, 16.8 mm.; greater diameter, 22.2 mm.; lesser 
diameter, 16.3mm. Height of aperture, 10.2 mm.; diameter, 11.2 mm. 

In the low spire this subspecies resembles most nearly A. (C.) 
t. dunoonense, from which it can readily be distinguished by its larger 
size. 


APEROSTOMA (CYCLOHIDALGOA) TRANSLUCIDUM DUNOONENSE, new subspecies 
PLATE 30, Figures 7-9 


Shell small, helicoid, moderately elevated, covered by an oliva- 
ceous periostracum, through which the early whorls shine pinkish. 
The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnu- 
clear whorls are strongly rounded, the last one appressed at the sum- 
mit with a well-impressed groove immediately below the sum- 
mit, which gives to the summit a corded appearance. The post- 
nuclear whorls are marked by weak, retractively curved axial ribs, 
which become obsolete on the last portion of the last turn. There are 
a few oblique scratches in the depressed area below the summit. 


274 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well rounded. Base moder- 
ately openly umbilicated and marked by the continuation of the axial 
sculpture, which here is a little stronger than on the spire. Aperture 
subcircular, slightly protracted at the posterior angle; peristome 
simple; outer lip thin; the inner slightly thickened. The parietal 
wall is covered by a moderately thick callus which renders the peri- 
treme complete. 

The type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia No. 140876, was collected by 
Ruthven and Gaige in British Guiana. It has 4.3 whorls and meas- 
ures: Height, 11.6 mm.; greater diameter, 15.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 
112mm. Height of aperture, 7.4 mm.; diameter, 7.8 mm. 

In shape and in sculpture this subspecies most nearly resembles the 
typical form, from which it can be differentiated readily by its much 
smaller size. 


LIRACYCLOTUS, new genus 


Small aperostomine shells of helicoid shape, having the whorls 
marked with low spiral threads. The operculum bears a low, re- 
flected, calcareous spiral lamella, between whose turns the upturned 
outer edge of the basal chondroid plate is apparent. 

Type: Liracyclotus psilomitus (Pfeiffer). 

Distribution: Venezuela. 


LIRACYCLOTUS PSILOMITUS (Pfeiffer) 
PLATE 19, FIcuRES 7-9 


1851. Cyclostoma psilomitum Pretrrer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 250. 

1852. Cyclophorus psilomitus PreIFFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viven- 
tium, vol. 1, p. 96. 

1854. Cyclostoma psilomitum Prerirrer, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, 
vol. 1, sect. 19, p. 319, pl. 41, figs. 24-25. 

1897. Amphicyclotus psilomitus Kopetr and MO6LLENpDoRFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189. 

Shell small, helicoid, covered with a horn-colored periostracum. 
The nucleus consists of 2 well-rounded, smooth turns. The postnu- 
clear whorls are strongly rounded and marked by slender spiral 
threads of which 10 are present between the summit and periphery. 
In addition, the whorls are marked by weak incremental lines and 
numerous, heavy, impressed axial resting stages, which render the 
surface rather rough. The spiral threads are much narrower than 
the spaces that separate them; they are not quite regularly spaced, 
and there is a little broader zone with a spiral liration immediately 
below the summit. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery well 
rounded. Base moderately broadly umbilicated with rather strong, 
low, rounded spiral threads, which are separated by mere impressed 
lines. Of these, 14 are present between the periphery and the umbil- 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCA BED 


ical angulation and 6 more on the outer portion of the umbilical 
wall. They seem to be absent in the interior. The base also has a 
continuation of the incremental lines. Aperture circular; peristome 
simple, sharp all around. The parietal wall is covered by a moder- 
ately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The oper- 
culum bears a low reflected calcareous spiral lamella between whose 
turns the upturned outer edge of the basal chondroid plate is ap- 
parent. 

U.S.N.M. No. 307404 contains the figured specimen, which was 
collected by Cuming in Venezuela. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: 
Height, 8.3 mm.; greater diameter, 13.2 mm.; lesser diameter, 9.8 
mm. Height of aperture, 8 mm., diameter, 6.4. mm. 


INCERTICYCLUS, a pseudogeneric term 
A full discussion of this proposed term will be found on p. 187. 


INCERTICYCLUS DISTINCTUS (Sowerby) 
PLATE 39, Figure 11 


1843. Cyclostoma distinctum SoweErsy, Thesaurus conchyliorum, vol. 1, p. 106, 
pl. 24, fig. 38. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) distinctus Kosetr and M6rLenporFr, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 137. 


We have not seen this species, and quote Sowerby’s description 
and copy his figure. 

“Shell orbicular, depressed, nearly flat, thin, white, with a de- 
pressed spire, consisting of four volutions, not quite contiguous to 
each other, rounded and spirally grooved; aperture circular, with 
a very thin sharp-edged peritreme. 

“Bay of Montija, West Colombia; H. Cuming,” collector. 


INCERTICYCLUS CONNIVENS (H. Adams) 
PLATE 39, FicuRE 10 


1866. Aperostoma connivens H. ApAMs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 443, 
pl. 38, fig. 6. 

1876. Cyclotus connivens PretIrFER, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 4, p. 35. 

1897. Neocyclotus (Neocyclotus) connivens Kopett and MOLLENDoRFF, Nachrb. 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 187. 

1912. Neocyclotus connivens Kosett, Martini-Chemnitz Conchylien Cabinet, vol. 
1, sect. 19, pt. 3, p. 906, pl. 140, fig. 10. 

1923. Aperostoma connivens H. B. BAKER, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 
No. 137, p. 29 (according to Baker not an Aperostoma). 


We have seen no specimens referable to this species and therefore 
give a translation of Adams’ description and copy his figure: 

Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, thin, striate and unequally 
lirate, white, covered with a yellowish brown periostracum. Spire 


276 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


slightly elevated; apex somewhat prominent, smooth, reddish horn 
colored; suture channeled. Whorls 4.5, convex, the last not solute; 
aperture almost circular, oblique; peristome continuous, straight, 
subangulated above and shortly adnate. 

Diameter: Greater, 10 mm.; lesser, 8.5 mm. Height, 7mm. Di- 
ameter of aperture, 4.5 mm. 

Type locality: Peru. 

To this Adams adds: “This species is closely allied to A. perdis- 
tinctum, Gundl.; but the suture is less deeply canaliculated, the 
last whorl] is not separated in front as in that species, and the raised 
spiral lines on the whorls are reduced to one on the inner side within 
the umbilicus.” 


INCERTICYCLUS CAYENNENSIS (Shuttleworth) 


1852. Cyclosioma (Cyclophorus) cayennense SHUTTLEWORTH, Berner Mitth., 1852, 
p. 299 (Diagn. n. Moll., No. 3, p. 39). 

1854. Cyclophorus cayennensis PFEIFFER, Malak. Blatter, vol. 1, p. 86. 

1897. Amphicyclotus cayennensis KoOBELT and MOLLENDORFF, Nachrb. deutschen 
malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 189. 

We have not seen specimens referable to this species and so give 
a translation of Shuttleworth’s description : 

Shell broadly umbilicated, conoid orbicular, solid, marked by 
oblique, undulating and anastomosing riblets, olivaceous horn colored. 
Spire shortly conoid, somewhat obtuse; whorls 4, convex, increasing 
gradually; the last roundly subinflated; aperture nearly vertical, 
subcircular; spire subangulated; peristome simple, acute, continuous, 
the upper margin produced and inbent, deeply incised at its inser- 
tion. Columella somewhat thickened. Operculum thin, corneous, 
closely whorled, concave externally. Greater diameter, 21 mm.; 
lesser, 15 mm.; height, 15 mm. Aperture height, 10.5 mm.; diam- 
eter, 9.5 mm. 

Habitat: Cayenne (Verreaux). 

Observations: To this Shuttleworth adds that he has seen three 
specimens resembling in sculpture C. ponderosum Pfeiffer, texturatum 
Sowerby, and strvamineum Reeve, but the incision of the dextral mar- 
gins of the peristome renders it very distinct. In that respect it allies 
with C. incomptum Sowebry, judging from the figure and description. 

We are greatly puzzled about the status of this species. The 
corneous operculum would put it in the Amphicyclotinae, while the 
description of the shell suggests aperostomine affinity. We are there- 
fore placing it in this group of unknown relationship. 


INCERTICYCLUS DUFFIANUS (C. B. Adams) 


1845. Cyclostoma duffianum C. B. ApAMs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, 
Do. lle 
1847. Aperostoma duffianum PFEIFFER, Zeitschr. Mal. vol. 4, p. 104. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMBRICA QE 


1852. Cyclotus duffianus PrrirreR, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
vol. 1, p. 29: 

1857. Cyclotus (Cyclotus) duffianus Currry, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1857, p. 
142. 

1898. Neocyclotus (Plectocyclotus) dufianus Koseir and MOtieporrF, Nachrb. - 
deutschen malak. Ges., vol. 29, p. 138, reprint. 

A translation of Adams’s Latin diagnosis follows: 

Shell large, discoid, reddish white; whorls 4.5, cylindrical ; umbili- 
cus broad, profound; margin (aperture) simple. Divergence, 150°, 
greater diameter, 47.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 35.2 mm.; height, 22 
mm. This species is dedicated to Officer William Duff, well versed 
in Jamaican conchology. 

Of this species Chitty says (Joc. cit.) that C. duffianus C. B. Adams 
“is not a Jamaican, but a South American species—fide Adams and 
Mr. Bland, who found duplicates in South America.” 

No huge shell like this is known from Jamaica, and there seems 
little doubt but what Chitty’s statement is correct. It is possible 
that if the type were known or available this might prove to be an 
Aperostoma, from Panama, related to Aperostoma (Aperostoma) 
giganteum (Reeve). 


INCERTICYCLUS BRAZILIENSIS (Gray) 
PLATE 39, FieuRE 13 


1839. Cyclostoma brasiliense Gray, The zoology of Captain Beechey’s voyage, 
p. 147, pl. 38, fig. 32. 

We have not seen specimens of this species and so copy Gray’s 
description and figure: 

“Shell of a rather depressed orbicular form, thin, white, opaque; 
whorls four or five, transversely striated, striae sharp and close-set ; 
suture deep; aperture circular, peritreme thin, sharp edged ; umbilicus 
large; operculum shelly, thick, double, smooth within and with a 
very fine spiral line outside. 

“Found in abundance in shady places near Rio Janeiro.” 

The figure shows a keel limiting the edge of the umbilicus. We 
know nothing from the mainland with such a structure. 


INCERTICYCLUS PROMINULUS (Orbigny) 


PLATE 39, Figures 7-9 


1837. Cyclostoma prominula Oxsiany, Voyage dans VAmérique Méridi- 
onale .. ., vol. 5, pt. 3, p. 362. 

Shell very depressed-helicoid, soiled white. The nucleus consists 
of about 114 inflated, strongly rounded, smooth turns, which form a 
conspicuous prominent apex. The postnuclear whorls are strongly 
rounded with the summit falling a little below the periphery of the 
preceding turn. The last whorl may be solute for about one-tenth 


278 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


of a turn or adnate to the preceding whorl. The postnuclear whorls 
are marked by strong, retractively curved axial riblets, which become 
decidely irregular and coarse on the last whorl. Suture very deeply 
impressed. Periphery rounded. Base openly broadly umbilicated, 
inflated, strongly rounded and marked by the continuation of the 
axial ribs which cross the umbilical wall. Aperture circular, slightly 
protracted at the posterior angle; peristome simple, thin, even on the 
inner lip, solute or attached to the preceding turn. Operculum? 

The specimen figured is one of two, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 
No. 12975, collected near Campos, Brazil, by Anthony. It has 4.5 
whorls and measures: Height, 8 mm.; diameter, 13 mm. 

It seems possible that when adequate material has been examined 
this species may prove to be a Cyclopomops. 


INCERTICYCLUS GAYI (Hupé) 


1854. Cyclostoma gayi Hurt, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, Zool., 
vol. 8, p. 117. 

1858. Cyclophorus gayi Prrtrrer, Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium, 
VOl. 2,602 OD: 

1897. Amphicyclotus gayi KopeLr and MO6LLEeNporFF, Nachrb. deutschen malak. 
Ges., vol. 29, p. 139. 

We have not seen this species and so give a translation of Hupé’s 
description : 

Shell small, subdiscoid, solid, ferrugineous yellow. Whorls 3, con- 
vex, carinated externally above. Suture profound. Aperture large, 
rounded with the margins entire and sharp. Umbilicus open. Oper- 
culum corneous. 

To this Hupé adds: A small shell, a little discoid with 3 rounded 
convex whorls, marked on the upper side by obtuse poorly developed 
threads. 

The above Latin diagnosis is followed by an explanation in 
Spanish: 

Shell small, somewhat discoid, thick with 8 rounded, convex whorls. 
Upper surface marked by poorly developed spiral threads, the median 
one of which is stronger than the rest. Spire obtuse, whorls sep- 
arated by a profound suture; aperture large, circular; peristome 
thin and sharp, thickening within the aperture. Umbilicus small 
and rounded. Entire surface ferrugineous brown; aperture whitish 
within. Operculum thin, corneous. Diameter, 34 of a line [1.5 
mm.]; height, 14 line [1 mm.]. 

This species is one of the smallest of the genus yet known. It is 
characterized by its subdiscoid form and spiral lirations, the median 
spiral thread being stronger than the rest. Its ferrugineous color also 
helps to distinguish it from the other members of the genus. 

Habitat: Under rocks a short distance from the sea in the northern 
part of Chile. 


279 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 


A LIST OF THE MAINLAND CYCLOPHORIDS 


ARGENTINA : 

Adelopoma tucma, p. 148. 
BO.uivi4 : 

Calaperostoma orbignyi, p. 168. 


Aperostoma (Aperostoma) boliviense, p. 260. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) inca, p. 267. 


BRAZIL: 
Aperostoma (Incidostoma) hedui, p. 191. 
Aperostoma (Cyclopomops) moricandi, p. 219. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fultoni, p. 242. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) amazonense, p. 248. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) blanchetianum, p. 244. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) agassizi, p. 254. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) redfieldi, p. 261. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) currani, p. 261. 
Apersotoma (Aperostoma) merrilli, p. 263. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pulchellum, p. 263. 
Incerticyclus prominulus, p. 277. 
Incerticyclus braziliensis, p. 277. 


BRITISH GUIANA: 


Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum major, p. 270. 
Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum dunoonense, p. 273. 


BriTisH HONDURAS: 

Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni cookei, p. 215. 
CHILE: 

Incerticyclus gayi, p. 278. 


COLOMBIA : 


Buckleyia bifasciata, p. 153. 
Calaperostoma leai, p. 165. 
Calaperostoma hidalgoi, p. 167. 
Calaperostoma cumingi, p. 167. 
Calacyclotus olssoni, p. 178. 
Calacyclotus atratensis, p. 179. 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 


(Incidostoma) pergrandis, p. 188. 
(Incidostoma) kobelti, p. 190. 
(Incidostoma) nirafe, p. 193. 
(Austrocyclotus) limellum, p. 197. 
(Austrocyclotus) peilei, p. 200. 
(Neocyclotus) wetmorei, p. 203. 
(Neocyclotus) smithi, p. 216. 
(Neocyclotus) corpulentum, p. 217. 
(Neocyclotus) sanctaemarthae, p. 218. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) belli belli, p. 268. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) belli haughti, p. 269. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum translucidum, p. 269. 
(Aperostoma) umbilicatum, p. 224. 
(Aperostoma) cumingi, p. 224. 
(Aperostoma) paezense, p. 225. 
(Aperostoma) bogotense, p. 226. 


8O BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


CoLUMBIA—Continued. 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 


(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 


simile, p. 227. 
cingulatum, p. 228. 
dunkeri, p. 230. 
pailaense, p. 231. 
paezicolum, p. 282. 
confusum, p. 237. 
utriaense, p. 240. 
laratum, p. 244. 
caucaense, p. 258. 
colombiense, p. 258. 
popayanum, p. 264. 
filoliratum, p. 267. 


Costa RICA: 


Adelopoma costaricense, p. 150. 
Barbacyclus princeps, p. 175. 
Barbacyclus underwoodi, p. 176. 
Barbacyclus boucardi, p. 177. 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 


(Neocyclotus) dysoni valerioi, p. 213. 


(A perostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 


carmioli, p. 233. 
costaricense, p. 234. 
exiguum, p. 234. 
bisinuatum, p. 235. 
irregulare, p. 286. 
pittieri, p. 236. 


EXCUADOR: 
Buckleyia bicincta, p. 152. 
Buckleyia martinezi, p. 152. 
Lagocyclus antoni, p. 154. 
Lagocyclus haematomma, p. 155. 
Lagocyclus crosseanus, p. 156. 
Lagocyclus vasconesi, p. 156. 
Calaperostoma esmeraldense, p. 160. 
Calaperostoma rosenbergi, p. 160. 
Calaperostoma guayaquilense, p. 161. 
Calaperostoma purum, p. 162. 
Calaperostoma bourcieri, p. 163. 
Calaperostoma nigrofasciatum, p. 164. 
Calaperostoma cousini, p. 166. 
Aperostoma (Incidostoma) pichinchense, p. 191. 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 


(Incidostoma) hitomi, p. 194. 
(Incidostoma) stirlingi, p. 195. 
(Austrocyclotus) granulatuimn, p. 196. 


(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 
(Aperostoma) 


manabense, p. 239. 
fischeri, p. 239. 
ecuadorense, p. 248. 
subcingulatum, p. 249. 
quitense, p. 250. 
olivaceum, p. 251. 
salengoense, p. 253. 
MASVENSE, P. 2A. 
pazi, p. 257. 

perezi, p. 259. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 281 


FRENCH GUIANA: 
Incerticyclus cayennensis, p. 276. 


GUATEMALA :} 
Tomocyclus gealei, p. 143. 
Tomocyclus guatemalensis, p. 144. 
Tomocyclus siphonis, p. 145. 
Tomocyclus constrictus, p. 145. 
Tomocyclus simulacrum, p. 146. 
Tomocyclus copanensis, p. 147. 
Adelopoma stolli, p. 149. 
Megacyclotus ponderosus, p. 182. 
Amphicyclotus texturatus, p. 186. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni hinkleyi, p. 206. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni cookei, p. 215. 


HONDURAS: 


Amphicyclotus goldfussi, p. 184. 

Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni dysoni, p. 204. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni dyeri, p. 205. 
Aperostoma, (Neocyclotus) dysoni ruatanense, p. 20T. 


MExIco: 


Adelopoma stolli, p. 149. 

Cyrtotoma avus, p. 169. 

Cyrtotoma salleanum, p. 170. 

Cyrtotoma ignotum, p. 170. 

Cyrtotoma fischeri, p. 170. 

Cyrtotoma palmeri, p. 172. 

Cyrtotoma mexicanum, p. 1738. 

Cyrtotoma goldmani, p. 174. 

Cyrtotoma walkeri, p. 174. 

Meacyclotus cooperi, p. 180. 

Mexcyclotus lutescens, p. 181. 

Megacyclotus palenquensis, p. 185. 

Amphicyclotus boucardi, p. 184. 

Amphicyclotus maleri, p. 185. 

Amphicyclotus texturatus, p. 186. 

Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni aureum, p. 209. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni ambiguum, p. 211. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni berendti, p. 212. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni sallei, p. 213. 


NICARAGUA: 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni sumichrasti, p. 209. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni nicaraguense, p. 214. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) chrysacme, p. 219. 


PANAMA: 


Calaperostoma pittieri, p. 164. 

Calacyclotus olssoni, p. 178. 

Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) panamense, p. 197. 
Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) dysoni affine, p. 210. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) confusum, p. 237. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) giganteum, p. 287. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) brujense, p. 241. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) portobellense, p. 242. 


282 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PERU: 


Lagocyclus bartletti, p. 157. 

Calaperostoma chanchapoyasense, p. 162. 
Aperostoma (Incidostoma) pizarroi, p. 193. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) veracochanum, p. 229. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) allantayum, p. 230. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruense, p. 245. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma): leai, p. 246. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) depressum, p. 247. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruvianum, p. 252. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) balsasense, p. 265. 
Incerticyclus connivens, p. 275. 


VENEZUELA: 


Adelopoma occidentale, p. 52. 

Adelopoma bakeri, p. 149. 

Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) stramineum, p. 198. 

Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) aulari, p. 199. 

Aperostoma (Austrocyclotius) glaucostomum, p. 199. 
Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) kugleri, p. 201. 

Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) carabobense, p. 201. 
Aperostoma, (Austrocyclotus) burringtoni, p. 202. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) venezuelense, p. 247. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) castaneum, p. 252. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nevadense, p. 255. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fasciatum, p. 256. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nanum, p. 262. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) cardozi, p. 266. 

Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum bejumense, p. 270. 
Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum trinitense, pp. 186, 271. 
Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum pygmaeum, p. 272. 
Liracyclotus psilomitus, p. 274. 


NorTHERN SouTH AMERICA: 
Filocyclus delphinulus, p. 158. 


LOcALITY : 
Aperostoma (Incidostoma) malleatum, p. 188. 
Aperostoma (Incidostoma) incomptum, p. 192. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) inconspicuum, p. 227. 
Incerticyclus duffianus, p. 276. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES 


(All figures are natural size except those on plate 8, which are enlarged four 
times, and those on plate 40, which are enlarged ten times. The opercula on 
plate 42 have a magnification of three diameters.) 


PLATE 1 


1-3. 
4-6. 
7-9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 


Farcimen (Farcimen) pseudotortum turquinoense. 
Farcimen (Farcimen) pseudotortwm bayamense. 
Farcimen (Farcimen) pseudotortum pseudotortum. 
Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula perconverum. 
Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula holguinense. 
Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula mayense. 

Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula mayariense. 

22-24. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula guantanamense. 
25-27. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula semivestitum. 

. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula ungula. 


PLATE 2 


1-3. Farcimen (Farcimen) wrighti biayaense. 
. Farcimen (Farcimen) wrighti najazaense. 
7-9. Farcimen (Farcimen) camagueyanum florencianum. 
10-12. Farcimen (Farcimen) wrighti martianun. 
13-15. Farcimen (Farcimen) ungula elephantinum. 


16-18. 
19-21. 


22-24. 


25-27. 
28-30. 


1-3. 
. Farcimen 

7-9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 


1-3. 
4-6. 
7-9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
25-27. 


Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 


Farcimen 


Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 


Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 


(Farcimen) ungula mirandum. 

(Farcimen) yunquense. 

(Farcimen) wrighti wrighti. 

(Farcimen) camagueyanum camagueyanum. 
(Farcimen) camagueyanum mayajiguense. 


PLATE 3 


bituberculatum giganteum. 
bituberculatum gutierrezi. 
obesum obesum. 
bituberculatum bituberculatwn. 
bituberculatum crassum. 
bituberculatwm minor. 

obesum subobesum. 


(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 


PLATE 4 


(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 


seminudum guitarti. 

alutaceum digitale. 

seminudum collare. 

alutaceum alutaceum. 

(Farcimen) alutaceum magnificum. 

(Farcimen) seminudum leoni. 

(Farcimen) seminudum magister. 

(Farcimen) seminudum seminudum. 

(Farcimen) seminudum poeyt. 

283 


284 


1-3. 
4-6. 
io: 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 


25-27. 


1-3. 
4-6. 
7-9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
25-27. 


1-3. 
4-6. 
. Farcimen 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
25-27. 


28-30. 


ie 
So wo 


_ 
| 


-] 


re 
| 
VOD WwW 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLATE 5 


Farcimen (Farcimen) auriculatum auriculatum. 
Farcimen (Farcimen) leoninum leonellum. 
Farcimen (Farcimen) auriculatum clenchi. 


Farcimen (Farcimen) tortum. 
(Farcimen) rocat. 


Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 


Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 


Farcimen 
Farcimen 


Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Farcimen 
Fareimen 


(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 


(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 


(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 
(Farcimen) 


auriculatum senectum. 
auriculatum bicolor. 
tortum. 

leoninum leoninum. 


PLATE 6 


gundlachi gundlachiellum. 

torrei. 

subventricosum subventricosum. 
subventricosum balneorum. 
ventricosum. 

mant. 

subventricosum multistriatinum. 
gundlachi gundlachi. 

gundlachi anafense. 


PLATE 7 


guanense guanense. 
vinalense vinalense. 
vinalense scopulorum. 
superbum itinerarium. 
hendersoni hendersoni. 
arangoi. 

guanense lagunillense. 
hendersoni catalinense. 
procer. 

superbum superbum. 


PLATE 8 


. Crocidopoma 
. Crocidopoma 
. Crocidopoma (Cyclocubana) gundlachi ignotum. 
10-12. 
13-15. 


(Cyclocubana) gundlachi gundlachi. 
(Cyclocubana) gundlachi wrighti. 


Crocidopoma (Cycloeubana) perdistinctum toroense. 


Crocidopoma 


PLATE 9 


. Farcimoides domingoense. 

. Farcimoides orbignyi. 

. Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum. 

10512: 

13-15. 

16-18. 
19. 
20. 
2A 


(Megalomastoma) antillarum. 
Megalomastoma (Megadlomastomoides) verruculosum. 
Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) petiti. 
Megalomastoma (Megalomastomoides) verruculosum. 
Megadlomastoma (Megalomastoma) petiti. 
Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) antillarum. 


Megalomastoma 


(Cyclocubana) perdistinctum perdistincitum. 


22. 
23-25. 
26-28. 
29-31. 
32-34. 
35-37, 


1— 38. 
4— 5. 
6- 8. 
9-11. 
12-14. 
toi 
18-20. 


1- 3. 
4— 6. 
7 9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 


Is: 
4— 6. 
7 9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16. 
18-20. 
21-23. 
24-26. 
27-29. 
30-32. 
33-35. 
36-38. 


1— 3. 
4- 6. 
aon 
10-12. 
18-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
25-27. 
28-30. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 


Megalomastoma (Megalomastoma) brunneum. 
Farcimen (Neopupina) croceum. 

Farcimen (Neopupina) hjalmersont. 
Farcimoides sallei. 

Farcimen (Neopupina) curtum, type 
Farcimen (Neopupina) curtum 


PLATE 10 


Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) acutiliratus. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) rufescens. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) schranuni. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) dominicensis. 
Cyclohaitia haitia. 

Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) mineri. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) guadeloupensis. 


PLATE 11 


Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) amethystinus. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) Vratus. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) perplezus. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) beawianus. 
Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) vortex vortex. 
Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) vortex elevatum. 
Amphicyclotulus (Amphicyclotulus) portoricensis. 


PLATE 12 


Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) milleri. 
Cyclovendreysia dubiosa. 

Cyclojamaicia bondi. 

Cyclojamaicia suturalis. 

Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) «abdbotti. 
Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) floccosum. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) glenburniensis. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) henderson. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) rupisfontis. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) striosa. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) westmorelandensis. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) jugosa. 
Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) orcutti. 


PLATE 13 


Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) rufilabris. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) asperula. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) caymanensis. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) caymanensis, type. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) fonticula. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) fonticula. 
Ptychocochlis manchesterensis. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) laevitesta. 
Ptychocochlis gemma. 

Ptychocochlis welchi. 

428349—42—__19 


285 


286 


31-33. 
34-36. 
37-39. 
40-42. 
43-45. 


I— 3. 
4— 6. 
coe 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21, 
22-24. 


1- 3. 
4~ 6. 
w—9: 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
25-26. 
27-29. 
20-32. 
33-35. 
36-38. 


1- 3. 

4- 6. 

ato 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
20-27. 
28-30. 
31-33. 
34-36. 
37-39. 


1- 38. 
4 6. 
& 9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU SEUM 


Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Cyclopilsbrya 


Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 


Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 
Ptychocochlis 


taylori. 

gossei. 

corrugatior. 

varians. 

(Cyclopilsbrya) caribaea. 


PLATE 14 


martensi. 
adamsi. 
corrugata. 
shawae. 
eigzag. 
simpsoni. 
clap pi. 
senex. 


Pruatr 15 


marianna, 
lacteofluvialis. 
hendersoni. 

minor. 

savannensis. 
subglobosa. 
campeachyi campeachyi. 
campeachyi petricola. 
subrugosa. 

orcutti. 

magna. 

montegoensis. 
vendreysi. 


PLATE 16 


Poteria ( Cyclobakeria) welchi welchi. 
Poteria (Poteria) jamaicensis. 
Poteria (Poteria) lineata cycloata. 
Poteria (Poteria) imitator. 
Poteria (Cyclobakeria) novaspei. 
Poteria (Poteria) crassa. 

Poteria (Cyclobakeria) nana. 
Poteria (Cyclobakeria) tryoniana. 
Poteria (Poteria) plana. 

Poteria (Poteria) pallescens. 
Poteria (Poteria) burringtoni. 
Poteria (Poteria) lineata lineata. 
Poteria (Poteria) corrugatissima. 


PLATE 17 


Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) vincentinum. 
Poteria (Cyclobakeria) chittyi. 

Poteria ( Cyclobakeria) balnearis. 
Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) rugatum. 
Poteria (Cyclobakeria) notatior. 


16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
25-27. 
28-30. 
31-33. 
34-36. 
37-39. 
40-42. 


1- 3. 
4- 6. 
119. 
10-12. 
13-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 
20. 
26-28. 
29-31. 
32-34. 
35-37. 


OCAarwWN 


i 


1- 3. 
4- 5. 
6 8. 
9-11. 
12-14. 
15-17. 

18. 

19: 
20-21. 


i— 3. 
4 6. 
noe 
10-12. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERTCA 287 


Poteria (Cyclobakeria) yallahsensis. 

Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) grenadense grenadeiise. 
Aperostoma (Austrocyclotus) grenadense mcsweeni. 
Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) ruber pretiosum. 
Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) bairdianum. 

Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) ruber ruber. 

Poteria (Cyclobakeria) dentistigmata. 

Poteria (Cyclobakeria) welchi taylori. 

Poteria (Cyclobakeria) magister. 


PLATE 18 


Incerticyclus bakeri. 

Incerticyclus perpallidus. 

Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum trinitense (Margarita Island). 
Aperostoma (Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum trinitense (Trinidad). 
Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) rudisplanusque. 

Incerticyclus perplezus. 

Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) fossile. 

Incerticyclus cinereus. 

Aperstoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum scabratum. 

Aperstoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum humile. 

Aperstoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum seminudum. 

Aperstoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum deburghaeanumn. 


PLATE 19 


. Tomocyclus gealet. 

. Tomocyclus constrictus. 

. Tomocyclus copanensis. 

. Tomocyclus guatemalensis. 
. Tomocyclus siphonis. 

. Tomocyclus simulacrum. 

. Liracyclotus psilomitus. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 


Filocyclus delphinulus. 
Buckleyia bicincta. 
Buckleyia bifasciata. 
Buckleyia martinezi. 


PLATE 20 


Lagocyclus haematomma. 
Lagocyclus bartletti. 
Lagocyclus antoni. 
Lagocyclus crosseanus. 
Lagocyclus vasconesi. 
Calaperostoma rosenbergi. 
Calaperostoma esmeraldense. 
Calaperostoma guayaquilense. 
Calaperostoma purum. 


PLATE 21 


Calaperostoma bourcieri. 
Calaperostoma chanchapoyasense. 
Calaperostoma pittiert. 
Calaperostoma hidalgoi. 


288 


13-15. 

16. 
17-19. 
20-22. 


1- 3. 
4- 6. 
T 9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 


16-18. 


19-21. 
22-24, 


1- 3. 
4- 6. 


cao 


10-12. 
13-15. 


1— 3. 
4 6. 


7 9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 


16-18. 


19-21. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Calaperostoma nigrofasciatum. 
Calaperostoma cousini. 
Calaperostoma leat. 
Calaperostoma cumingi. 


PLATE 22 


Cyrtotoma palmeri. 
Cyrtotoma mexicanum. 
Cyrtotoma goldmani. 
Cyrtotoma walkeri. 
Cyrtotoma fischert. 
Cyriotoma ignotum. 
Cyrtotoma salleanumn. 
Cyrtotoma avus. 


PLATE 23 


Barbacyclus princeps. 
Barbacyclus boucardi. 
Barbacyclus underwoodi. 
Calacyclotus atratensis. 
Calacyclotus olssoni. 


PLATE 24 


Amphicyclotus texturatus. 
Amphicyclotus boucardi. 
Amphicyclotus maleri. 
Meaxcyclotus cooperi. 
Meacyclotus lutescens. 
Megacyclotus palenquensis. 
Megacyclotus ponderosus. 


PLATE 25 


1-3. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) pergrandis. 
4-6. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) malleatum. 
7-9. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) kobelti. 


1-2. 
. Aperostoma 
6-8. 
9-11, 
12-14. 
15-17. 
18-19. 
20-22. 
23-25. 
26-28. 


. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma (Incidostoma) pizzaroi. 
. Aperostoma 


Aperostoma 


Aperostoma 


Aperostoma 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 


PLATE 26 


(Incidostoma) hedui. 
(Incidostoma) incomptum. 


(Incidostoma) pichinchense. 


od 


PLATE 27 


(Austrocyclotus) peilei. 
(Austrocyclotus) panamense. 
(Austrocyclotus) limellum. 
(Austrocyclotus) stramineum. 
(Austrocyclotus) aulari. 
(Austrocyclotus) granulatum. 
(Austrocyclotus) glaucostomum. 
(Incidostoma) stirlingi. 
(Incidostoma) nirafe. 
(Incidostoma) hitomi. 


1-3. 
4-6, 
7-9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 


1-3. 
4-6. 
7-9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 
16-18. 
19-21. 
22-24. 


1— 3. 
4 6. 
T- 9. 
10-12. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 289 


. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperosioma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma. 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 


. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 
. Aperostoma 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 


Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperostoma 
Aperositoma 


PLATE 28 


(Austrocyclotus) kugleri. 
(Austrocyclotus) carabobense. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni ruatanense. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni ambiguum. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni aureum. 
(Austrocyclotus) burringtont. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni hinkleyi. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni affine. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni sumichrasti. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni dysoni. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni dyeri. 


PLATE 29 


(Neocyclotus) corpulentum. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni berendti. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni sallei. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni cookei. 
(Neocyclotus) chrysacme. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni nicaraguense. 
(Neocyclotus) dysoni valerioi. 
(Neacyclotus) sanctaemarthae. 


PLATE 30 


(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum translucidum. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum bejumense. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum dunoonense. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum santaguitense. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum major. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum trinitense. 
(Cyclohidalgoa) translucidum pygmaeum. 
(Neocyclotus) smithi. 

(Cyclohidalgoa) belli belli. 

(Cyclohidalgoa) belli haughti. 

(Neocyclotus) smithi. 


PLATE 31 


(Aperostoma) umbilicatum. 
(Aperostoma) bogotense. 
(Aperostoma) paezense. 
(Aperostoma) inconspicuum. 
(Aperostoma) simile. 
(Aperostoma) veracochanum. 
(Aperostoma) cumingi. 
(Aperostoma) cingulatum. 


PLATE 32 


(Aperostoma) dunkeri. 
(Aperostoma) allantayum. 
(Aperostoma) pailaense. 
(Aperostoma) exiguum. 


290 BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


13-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) paezicolum. 
16-18. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) costaricense. 
19-21. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) carmioli. 


PLATE 33 


1-8. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) confusum. 
4. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) irregulare. 

&6. Aperostoma (Aperostema) bisinuatum. 

7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) giganteum. 


PLATH 34 


1- 3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fischeri. 

4— 6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) utriaense. 

7- 9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) portobellense. 
10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) manabense. 
18-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) brujense. 


PLATH 35 


1-— 8. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fultoni. 

4— 6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) amazonense. 
7- 9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) blanchetianum. 
10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruense. 

13. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) laxatum. 
14-16. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) depressum. 
17-19. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) ledai. 

20-22. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) venezuelense. 


PuatTE 36 


1-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) subcingulatum. 

4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) ecuadorense. 

7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) castaneum. 
10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) olivaceum. 
13-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) quitense. 
16-18. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) peruvianum. 


PLATE 37 


1-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) masvense. 
4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) agassizi. 
7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) fasciatum. 
10-11. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) caucaense. 
12-14. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pazi. 
15-17. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nevadense. 
18-20. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) salengoense. 


PLATE 88 


1-3. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) currant. 

4-6. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) perezi. 

7-9. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) boliviense. 
10-12. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) redfieldi. 
18-15. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) nanum. 
16-18. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) pulchellum. 
19-21. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) merrilli. 
22-294. Aperostoma (Aperostoma) colombiense. 


1-3. 
4-6. 
7-9. 
10. 

Le 

12. 

13. 
14-16. 
17-19. 
20-22. 


THE CYCLOPHORID LAND MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA 291 


PLATE 39 


Aperostoma (Aperostoma) balsasense. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) cardozi. 
Incerticyclus prominulus. 

Incerticyclus connivens. 

Incerticyclus distinctus. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) inca. 
Incerticyclus braziliensis. 

Aperostoma (Aperostoma) filoliratum. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) popayanum, type. 
Aperostoma (Aperostoma) popayanum. 


PLATE 40 


1. Adelopoma tucma. 
2-3. Adelopoma stolli. 


ney 


. Adelopoma costaricense. 


5. Adelopoma bakeri. 
6. Adelopoma occidentale. 
7-9. Aperostoma (Cyclopomops) moricandi. 


1-3. 


4-6. 


7-9. 
10-12. 
13-15. 


1- 3. 


4— 5. 
6- 7. 
8-10. 
11-13. 
14-15. 


PLATE 41 


Lagocyclus haematomma. 

Incerticyclus bowdenensis. 

Crocidopoma (Crocidopoma) casuelense. 
Incerticyclus schermot. 

Aperostoma (Neocyclotus) wetmorei. 


PLATE 42 
Opercula 


Poteria (Cyclobakeria) dentistigmata. 
Aperostoma (Cycladamsia) seminudum seminudum. 
Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclocaymania) fonticula. 
Ptychocochlis martensi. 

Cyclopilsbrya (Cyclopilsbrya) jugosa. 

Poteria (Poteria) lineata lineata. 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 1 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 2 3 
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CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANAT'ON OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 3 


19 


18 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 4 


6 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 283, 


U. S NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEEBRIN 18” iREATE.S 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 284, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 


26 


99 


aw 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 284, 


PEATE 6) 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 7 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANAT:ON OF PLATE SEE PAGE 284. 


U. S. NATIONAL 


MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 284. 


PLATE 8 


a 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUBEERING 81>] PIEATE 9 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 284, 285. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 10 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 285, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUELERINGISi) PEATE 11 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 285, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 12 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 285, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEE GIN 181 PEATE 13 


21 24 eu 30 = 


42 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 285, 286, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 286 


PLATE 14 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEECERIN 181 PEATE TS 


9 
oe 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 286, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 


36 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 286, 


PLATE 16 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 17 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 286, 287. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 287. 


PLATE 18 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 19 


wy 


15 


16 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 287. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 20 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA, 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 287 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEE RING 138i) JPEATKE 21 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 287, 288. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 22 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 288. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 23 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 288. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 24 


10 - 15 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 288. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 25 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 288, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 26 


A - 
£ 
z 
bs 
a 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 288. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 27 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 288. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETIN 181. sPEATE 28 


32 | 


33 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 289, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 29 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 289, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 30 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 289. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 31 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 289. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 32 


20 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 289, 290. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 33 


8 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 290, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 34 


ert neers 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 290. 


U. S. NATIONAL. MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 35 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 290, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 36 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 220. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETIN 181° (PEATE 37 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 290. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEIN 181 PEATE 38) 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATiON OF PLATE SEE PAGE 200. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 39 


“1 29 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 291. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 181 PLATE 40 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 291. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETIN 181 PEATE Ail 


Q 
o 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANAT!ON OF PLATE SEE PAGE 291. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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BULLETIN 181 PLATE 42 


CYCLOPHORID MOLLUSKS OF AMERICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 291, 


INDEX 


(Principal references are given in boldface type.) 


abbotti, Crocidopoma, 62, 67, 285. 
acutiliratus, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 56, 
285. 
Cyclophorus, 56, 141. 
adamsi, Ptychocochlis, 83, 94, 95, 
Adelopoma, 51, 148. 
bakeri, 148, 149, 282, 291. 
costaricense, 52, 150, 280, 291. 
occidentale, 52, 148, 149, 150, 
282, 291. 
stolli, 149, 281, 291. 
tuema, 148, 279, 291. 
affine, Aperostoma 204, 210, 281, 289. 
affinis, Cyclotus, 210. 
Neocyclotus, 210. 
Poteria, 210. 
agpesi Aperostoma, 223, 254, 256, 
290. 


286. 


151, 


279, 


allantayum, Aperostoma, 221, 230, 282, 
289. 
alutaceum, Cyclostoma, 22. 
Farcimen, 4, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 
amazonense, Aperostoma, 222, 243, 
290. 
ambiguum, Aperostoma, 203, 205, 
281, 289. 
ambiguus, Cyclotus, 211. 
Neocyclotus, 211. 
Poteria, 211. 
amethystinus, Amphicyclotulus, 60, 
Cyclotus, 60. 
Amphicyclotinae, 43, 52, 142, 151. 
Amphicyclotulus, 52, 54, 57, 60, 62. 
acutiliratus, 54, 56, 285. 
amethystinus, 60, 285. 
beauianus, 60, 61, 285. 
dominicensis, 54, 57, 285. 
guadeloupensis, 54, 55, 58, 60, 
liratus, 54, 58, 60, 285. 
mineri, 54, 55, 58, 60, 285. 
perplexus, 54, 59, 285. 
portoricensis, 54, 59, 285. 
rufescens, 54, 56, 57, 285. 
schrammi, 54, 57, 58, 285. 
Amphicyclotus, 151, 183. 
boucardi, 183, 184, 281, 288. 
bourcieri, 163. 
cayennensis, 276. 
chanchopoyasensis, 162. 
cooperi, 180. 
cousini, 166. 
crosseanus, 156. 
cumingii, 167. 
delphinulus, 158. 


428349—42 


283. 
279, 


211, 


285. 


285. 


20 


Amphicyclotus esmeraldensis, 160. 
gayi, 278. 
goldfussi, 184, 281. 
guayaquilensis, 161. 
haematomma, 155. 
hidalgoi, 167. 
lutescens, 181. 
maleri, 184, 185, 220, 281, 288. 
nigrofasciatus, 164. 
olssoni, 178. 
orbignyi, 168. 
ponderosus, 182. 
psilomitus, 274. 
rosenbergi, 160. 
texturatus, 184, 186, 281, 288. 
underwoodi, 176. 
vesconesi, 156. 
anafense, Farcimen, 27, 28, 284. 
angasianum, Aperostoma, 177. 
angulatus, Cyclotus, 228. 
antillarum, Cyclostoma, 49. 
Megalomastoma, 49, 50, 284. 
antoni, Lagocyclus, 154, 156, 280, 287. 
antonii, Cyclophorus, 154. 
Aperostoma, 62, 124, 186, 187, 221, 277. 
affine, 204, 210, 281, 289. 
agassizi, 223, 254, 556, 279, 290. 
allantayum, 221, 230, 282, 289. 
amazonense, 222, 243, 279, 290. 
ambiguum, 203, 205, 211, 281, 289. 
angasianum, 177. 
aulari, 195, 196, 199, 200, 282, 288. 
aureum, 204, 208, 209, 281, 289. 
bairdianum, 125, 126, 127 287. 
balsasense, 228, 265, 266, 282, 291. 
bartletti, 157. 
bejumense, 268, 269, 270, 272, 282, 
289, 


belli, 268, 269, 279, 289. 
berendti, 205, 211, 212, 281, 289. 
bisinuatum, 222, 235, 280, 290. 
blanchetianum, 187, 221, 222, 244, 
246, 247, 279, 290. 
bogotense, 221, 226, 227, 279, 289. 
boliviense, 223, 260, 261, 279, 290. 
brujense, 222, 241, 281, '290. 
burringtoni, 196, 202, 282, 289. 
carabobense, 196, 201, 282, 289. 
cardozi, 221, 223, 266, 282, 291. 
carmioli, 221, 233, 234, 280, 290. 
castaneum, 222, 251, 252, 282, 290. 
caucaense, 223, 258, 259, 280, 290. 
chrysacme, 203, 219, 281, 289. 
cingulatum, 221, 228, 229, 280, 289. 


293 


294 


Aperostoma colombiense, 223, 258, 280, 


290. 

confusum, 221, 222, 237, 280, 281, 
290. 

connivens, 275. 

cookei, 205, 215, 279, 281, 289. 

cooperi, 180. 

corpulentum, 2038, 217, 218, 279, 289. 

corrugatum, 105. 

costaricense, 221, 234, 280, 290. 

cumingi, 221, 224, 279, 289. 

cumingii, 167. 

currani, 223, 261, 279, 290. 

deburghaeanum, 129, 130, 287. 

depressum, 222, 247, 282, 290. 

duffiianum, 276. 

dunkeri, 221, 230, 233, 280, 289. 

dunoonense, 269, 2738, 279, 289. 

dyeri, 204, 205, 281, 289. 

dysoni, 203, 204, 207, 209, 217, 281, 
289. 

ecuadorense, 222, 248, 250, 251, 280, 
290. 

exiguum, 221, 234, 280, 289. 

fasciatum, 223, 256, 257, 282, 290. 

filoliratum, 221, 267, 280, 291. 

fischeri, 222, 239, 280, 290. 

fossile, 125, 131, 287. 

fultoni, 222, 242, 279, 290. 

giganteum, 221, 222, 237, 238, 239, 
277, 281, 290. 

glaucostomum, 196, 199, 282, 288. 

goldfussi, 164. 

geranulatum, 196, 280, 288. 

grenadense, 133, 134, 135, 287. 

haughti, 268, 269, 279, 289. 

hedui, 187, 191, 279, 288. 

hinkleyi, 203, 204, 206, 207, 281, 289. 

hitomi, 187, 194, 280, 288. 

humile, 129, 287. 

inea, 221, 267, 279, 291. 

incomptum 187, 192, 282, 283. 

inconspicuum, 221, 227, 282, 289. 

irregulare, 222, 236, 280, 290. 

jamaicense, 105. 

kobelti, 187, 199, 279, 288. 

kugleri, 196, 201, 282, 289. 

lacteofiuviale, 98. 

laxatum, 222, 244, 280, 290. 

leai, 221, 222, 246, 282, 290. 

limellum, 196, 197, 199, 201, 279, 
288. 

lutescens, 181. 

major, 269, 270, 279, 289. 

malleatum, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 
282, 288. 

manabense, 222, 239, 280, 290. 

masvense, 223, 254, 280, 290. 

mcsweeni, 132, 134, 135, 287. 

merrilli, 223, 262, 263, 264, 279, 290. 

mexicanum, 173. 

montezumi, 151, 152. 

moricandi, 219, 279, 291. 

nanum, 223, 262, 263, 282, 290. 

nevadense, 233, 255, 282, 290. 

nicaraguense, 205, 214, 216, 281, 
289. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Aperostoma nirafe, 187, 193, 195, 279, 
288 


olivaceum, 222, 251, 252, 280, 290. 

paezense, 221, 225, 279, 289. 

paezicolum, 221, 232, 280, 290. 

pailaense, 221, 231, 280, 289. 

palenquense, 183. 

panamense, 196, 197, 281, 288. 

pazi, 217, 228, 257, 280, 290. 

peilei, 196, 200, 279, 288. 

perdistinctum, 276. 

perezi, 223, 259, 280, 290. 

pergrandis, 187, 188, 190, 279, 288. 

peruense, 222, 245, 247, 282, 290. 

peruvianum, 2238, 252, 282, 290. 

pichinchense, 187, 191, 280, 288. 

pittieri, 222, 236, 280. 

pizarroi, 187, 193, 194, 195, 282, 288. 

popayanum, 223, 264, 266, 280, 291. 

portobellense, 222, 242, 281, 290. 

pretiosum, 126, 127, 287. 

princeps, 175. 

pulchellum, 228, 263, 279, 299. 

pygmaeum, 269, 272, 282, 289. 

quitense, 222, 250, 280, 290. 

redfieldi, 223, 261, 279, 290. 

ruatanense, 204, 207, 281, 289. 

ruber, 125, 126, 127, 128, 287. 

rudisplanusque, 125, 131, 287. 

rugatum, 133, 286. 

salengoense, 2238, 253, 280, 290. 

salleanum, 170. 

sallei, 205, 213, 281, 289. 

sanctaemarthae, 203, 217, 218, 279, 
289. 

santaguitense, 289. 

scabratum, 125, 129, 287. 

seminudum, 109, 125, 128, 129, 130, 
131, 287, 291: 

simile, 221, 227, 280, 289. 

smithi, 208, 204, 216, 217, 279, 289. 

stirlingi, 187, 195, 280, 288. 

stramineum, 132, 195, 196, 198, 282, 
288. 

subcingulatum, 222, 249, 251, 280, 
290. 

sumichrasti, 204, 209, 211, 281, 289. 

translucidum, 136, 179, 268, 269, 
272, 279, 289. 

trinitense, 136, 268, 269, 271, 282, 
287, 289. 

tryonianum, 116. 

umbilicatum, 221, 224, 225, 226, 279, 
289. 

utriaense, 222, 240, 241, 280, 290. 

valerioi, 205, 213, 215, 280, 289. 

venzuelense, 222, 247 248, 282, 290. 

veracochanum, 221, 229, 282, 289. 

vincentinum, 133, 286. 

walkeri, 174. 

wetmorei, 203, 279, 291. 


Aperostominae, 3, 38, 43, 62, 142, 186. 
apertum, Cyclostoma, 26. 


Farcimen 5, 26. 
Megalomastoma, 26, 27. 


arangoi, Farcimen, 36, 284. 
asperula, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 78, 285. 


INDEX 


asperulum, Cyclostoma, 78. 
asperulus, Cyclotus, 78. 
Neocyclotus, 78. 
atratensis, Calacyclotus 178, 179, 279, 
288. 
aulari, Aperostoma, 195, 196, 199, 200, 
282, 288. 
Poteria, 199. 
aureum, Aperostoma, 204, 208, 209, 281, 
289. 
auriculatum, Cyclostoma, 16, 25. 
Farcimen, 24, 25, 26, 284. 
Austrocyclotus, 124, 132, 187, 195, 197, 
202. 
aulari, 199. 
burringtoni, 202. 
carabobense, 201. 
glaucostomum, 199. 
granulatum, 196. 
grenadense, 134. 
kugleri, 201. - 
limellum, 197. 
mesweeni, 135. 
panamense, 197. 
peilei, 290. 
rugatum, 133. 
stramineum, 198. 
vincentinum, 133. 
avus, Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
bairdianum, Aperostoma, 125, 126, 127, 
287. 
bairdianus, Cyclotus, 127. 
bakeri, Adelopoma, 148, 149, 282, 291. 
TIncerticyclus, 137, 188, 139, 287. 
Neocyclotus, 137. 
balnearis, Poteria, 116, 123, 286. 
balneorum, Farcimen, 31, 32, 284. 
balsasense, Aperostoma, 223, 265, 266, 
282, 291. 
Barbacyclus, 151, 175. 
boueardi, 175, 177, 280, 288. 
princeps, 175, 280, 288. 
underwoodi, 175, 176, 178, 280, 288. 
bartletti, Aperostoma, 157. 
Cyclotus, 157. 
Lagocyclus, 154, 157, 282, 287. 
Neocyclotus, 157. 
Poteria, 157. 
bayamense, Farcimen, 5, 6, 283. 
beauiana, Cyclostoma, 60, 61. 
beauianus, Amphicyclotulus, 60, 61, 285. 
bejumense, Aperostoma 268, 269, 270, 
202, 282, 289. 
bejumensis, Poteria 270. 
belli, Aperostoma 268, 269, 279, 
Neocyclotus, 201, 268. 
berendti, Asperostoma, 205, 
281, 289. 
Cyclotus, 212. 
Neocyclotus, 212. 
Poteria, 212. 
beswicki, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 79. 
Cyclotus, 79. 
Neocyclotus, 79. 
biayaense, Farcimen, 12, 13, 14, 283. 
bieincta, Buckleyia, 151, 152, 280, 287. 


289. 


Dlilpeeniee 


295 


bicolor, Cyclostoma, 25. 
Farcimen, 24, 25, 284. 
bifasciata, Buckleya, 153. 
Buckleyia, 151, 153, 279, 287. 
Cyclophorus, 153. 
bisinuatum, Aperostoma, 222, 235, 
290. 
bisinuatus, Cyclotus, 235. 
Neocyclotus, 235. 
bituberculatum, Cyclostoma, 15. 
Farcimen, 13, 14, 15, 16, 283. 
blanchetianum, Aperostoma, 187, 221, 
222, 244, 246, 247, 279, 290. 
Cyclostoma, 124, 244, 267. 
Poteria, 245. 
bogotense, Aperostoma, 221, 226, 
279, 289. 
Cyclostoma, 226. 
bogotensis, Cyclotus, 226. 
Neocyclotus, 226. 
Poteria, 226. 
boliviense, Aperostoma, 223, 260, 
279, 290. 
bondi, Cyclojamaicia, 68, 69, 70, 285. 
Poteria, 68. 
poucargs Amphicyclotus, 183, 184, 
288. 
Barbacyclus, 175, 177, 280, 288. 
Cyclophorus, 184. 
Cyclostoma, 184. 
Cyclotus, 175, 177. 
Neocyclotus, 177. 
bourcieri, Amphicyclotus, 163. 
Calaperostoma, 159, 163, 164, 
287. 
Cyclophorus, 163. 
Cyclostoma, 163. 
bowdenensis, Incerticyclus, 
291. 
brasiliense, Cyclostoma, 277. 
braziliensis, Incerticyclus, 277, 279, 291. 
brujense, Aperostoma, 222, 241, 281, 290. 
brunnea, Megalomastoma, 48, 49. 
brunneum, Megalomastoma, 48, 49, 284, 
285. 
Buckleya, 151. 
bifasciata, 153. 
martinezi, 152. 
Buckleyia, 151. 
bicincta, 151, 152, 280, 237. 
bifasciata, 151, 153, 279, 287. 
martinezi, 151, 152, 154, 280, 287. 
burringtoni, Aperostoma, 196, 202, 282, 
28 


Poteria, 107, 286. 
Calacyclotus, 151, 178. 
atratensis, 178, 179, 279, 288. 
olssoni, 178, 179, 279, 281, 288. 
Calaperostoma, 151, 159. 
bourcieri, 159, 163, 164, 280, 287. 
chanchapoyasense, 159, 162, 164, 
So uaO Ke 
cousini, 159, 166, 167, 280, 288. 
cumingi, 159, 167, 169, 279, 288. 
esmeraldense, 159, 160, 161, 280, 287. 
guayaquilense, 159, 161, 280, 287. 
hidalgoi, 159, 166, 167, 279, 287. 


280, 


261, 


281, 


280, 


138, 139, 


296 


Calaperostoma leai, 159, 165, 279, 288. 
nigrofasciatum, 159, 164, 166, 280, 
288. 
orbignyi, 159, 168, 279. 
pittieri, 159, 164, 281, 287. 
purum, 159, 162, 280, 287. 
rosenbergi, 159, 160, 280, 287. 
camagueyanum, Farcimen, 10, 11, 283. 
campeachyi, Poteria, 104. 
Ptychocochlis, 84, 103, 104, 286. 


carabobense, Aperostoma, 196, 201, 282, 
289. 

eardozi, Aperostoma, 221, 223, 266, 282, 
291. 

Poteria, 266. 
caribaea, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 77, 286. 

Poteria, 77. 
carmioli, Aperostoma, 221, 233, 234, 280, 

290. 
castaneum, Aperostoma, 222, 251, 252, 
282, 290. 
casuelense, Crocidopoma, 62, 65, 291. 
catalinense, Farcimen, 36, 284. 
caucaense, Aperostoma, 223, 258, 259, 
280, 290. 
eaucaensis, Neocyclotus, 258. 

Poteria, 258. r 
cayennense, Cyclostoma, 276. 
cayennensis, Amphicyclotus, 276. 

Cyclophorus, 276. 

Incerticyclus, 276, 281. 
caymanensis, Cyclopilsbrya, 80, 285. 

Poteria, 80. 

Cerion truncatum, 45. 
chanchapoyasense, Calaperostoma, 159, 
162, 164, 282, 287. 
chanchapoyasensis, Amphicyclotus, 162 
chittyi, Poteria, 116, 121, 286. 
chrysacme, Aperostoma, 203, 219, 281, 
289. 

Neocyclotus, 219. 
cinereus, Cyclophorus, 141. 

Ineerticyelus, 141, 287. 
cingulatum, Aperostoma 221, 228, 229, 

280, 289. 

Cyclostoma, 228. 

Poteria, 228. 
cingulatus, Cyclotus, 228. 

Neocyclotus, 228, 253. 
elappi, Ptychocochlis, 82, 83, 91, 286. 
clenchi, Farcimen, 24, 25, 284. 
collare, Farcimen, 17, 18, 19, 283. 
colombiense, Aperostoma, 223, 258, 280, 

290. 
colombiensis, Neocyclotus, 258. 

Poteria, 258. 
complanatum, Megalomastoma, 38. 
confusum, Aperostoma, 221, 222, 237, 

280, 281, 290. 

Poteria, 237. 
connivens, Aperostoma, 275. 

Cyclotus, 275. 

Incerticyclus, 275, 282, 291. 

Neocyclotus, 275. 
constrictus, Tomocyclus, 143, 145, 281, 


287. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


cookei, Aperostoma 205, 215, 279, 281, 
289. 
cooperi, Amphicyclotus, 180. 
Aperostoma, 180. 
Cyclotus, 180. 
Cyrtotoma, 180. 
Mexcyclotus, 180, 181, 281, 288. 
copanense, Cyclostoma, 147. 
copanensis, Tomocyclus, 148, 147, 281, 
287. 
corpulentum, Aperostoma, 203, 217, 218, 
279, 289. 
corpulentus, Cyclotus, 217. 
Neocyclotus, 217. 
Poteria, 217. 
corrugata, Ptychocochlis, 82, 83, 93, 95, 
286. 
corrugatior, Cyclotus, 84. 
Neocyclotus, 84. 
Ptychocochlis, 83, 84, 85, 86, 286. 
corrugatissima, Poteria, 107. 110, 112, 
114, 286. 
corrugatissimus, Cyclotus, 110. 
Neocyclotus, 110. 
corrugatum, Aperostoma, 105. 
Cyclostoma, 77, 82, 938, 105, 106, 
119. 
corrugatus, Cyclotus, 115, 119. 
costaricense, Adelopoma, 52, 150, 280, 
291. 
Aperostoma, 221, 234, 280, 290. 
costaricensis, Cyclotus, 234. 
cousini, Amphicyclotus, 166. 
Coen 159, 166, 167, 280, 
288. 
Cyclophorus, 166. 
crassa, Poteria, 107, 113, 286. 


‘| erassum, Cyclostoma, 113. 


Farcimen, 15, 16, 283. 
crassus, Cyclotus, 113, 115. 
Neocyclotus, 113. 
crocea, Cyclostoma, 45. 
Helix, 44, 45. 
croceum, Farcimen, 44, 45, 46, 285. 
Crocidopoma, 39, 53, 62. 
abbotti, 62, 67, 285. 
casuelense, 62, 65, 291. 
elevatum, 62, 63, 64, 285. 
floccosum, 39, 62, 64, 65, 285. 
gundlachi, 39, 41, 42, 284. 
ignotum, 41, 42, 284. 
milleri, 62, 66, 285. 
orcutti, 62, 66, 285. 
perdistinctum, 39, 40, 284. 
toroense, 40, 284. 
vortex, 62, 63, 65, 285. 
wrighti, 41, 42, 284. 
crosseanus, Amphicyclotus, 156. 
Cyclophorus, 156. 
Lagocyclus, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287. 
cumingi, Aperostoma, 221, 224, 279, 289. 
See ae 159, 167, 169, 279, 
288. 
Cyclophorus, 158. 
cumingii, Amphicyclotus, 167. 
Aperostoma, 167. 
Cyclophorus, 167. 
currani, Aperostoma, 2238, 261, 279, 290. 


curtum, Farcimen, 3, 44, 46, 285. 


Megalomastoma, 44 
Cycladamsia, 124, 125. 
bairdianum, 127. 
deburghaeanum, 130. 
fossile, 131. 
humile, 129. 
pretiosum, 127. 
ruber, 126. 
rudisplanusque, 131. 
seabratum, 129. 
seminudum, 130. 
cycloata, Poteria, 109, 110, 286. 
cycloatus, Cyclotus, 110. 
Neocyclotus, 110. 
Cyclobakeria, 106, 115 
balnearis, 123. 
ehittyi, 121. 
dentistigmata, 120. 
magister, 119. 
nana, 120. 
notatior, 122. 
novaespei, 117. 
taylori, 119. 
tryoniana, 116. 
welchi, 118. 
yallahsensis, 123. 
Cycloblandia, 54, 60. 
amethystinus, 60. 
beauianus, 61. 
Cyclocaymania, 71, 79. 
caymanensis, 80. 
fonticula, 81. 
laevitesta, 82. 
Cyclocubana, 39. 
gundlachi, 42. 
ignotum, 42. 
perdistinctum, 39. 
toroense, 40. 
wrighti, 42. 
Cyclohaitia, 52, 53. 
haitia, 53, 285. 
Cyclohidalgoa, 124, 136, 187, 268. 
bejumense, 270. 
belli, 268. 
dunoonense, 273. 
haughti, 269. 
major, 270. 
pygmaeum, 272. 
translucidum, 272. 
trinitense, 136, 271. 
Cyclojamaicia, 62, 67. 
bondi, 68, 69, 70, 285. 
suturalis, 68, 69, 70, 285. 
Cyclophoridae, 3, 43, 187, 142. 
Cyclophorus, 124. 
acutiliratus, 56, 141. 
antonii, 154. 
bifasciata, 153. 
boucardi, 184. 
bourcieri, 163. 
cayennensis, 276. 
cinereus, 141. 
cousini, 166. 
erosseanus, 156. 
cumingi, 158. 
cumingii, 167. 


INDEX 


Cyclophorus delphinulus, 158. 
disjunctus, 219. 
dysoni, 207. 
esmeraldensis, 160. 
gayi, 278. 
goldfussi, 184. 
guayaquilensis, 161. 
haematomma, 155. 
hidalgoi, 167. 
liratus, 58, 141. 
lutescens, 180, 181. 
maleri, 185. 
martinezi, 152. 
mexicanus, 173. 
nigrofasciatus, 164. 
orbignyi, 168. 
ponderosus, 182. 
psilomitus, 274. 
rosenbergi, 160. 
salleanus, 170. 
texturatus, 186. 
underwoodi, 176. 
vasconesi, 156. 
vesconesi, 156, 160. 
volvulus, 124. 

Cyclopilsbrya, 62, 71. 
asperula, 71, 78, 285. 
beswicki, 71, 79. 
caribaea, 71, 77, 286. 
caymanensis, 80, 285. 
fonticula, 80, 81, 285, 291. 
glenburniensis, 71, 73, 75, 285. 
hendersoni, 71, 72, 285. 
jugosa, 71, 76, 285, 291. 
laevitesta, 80, 82, 285. 
rufilabris, 71, 78, 79, 285. 
rupisfontis, 71, 74, 285. 
striosa, 71, 75, 76, 285. 


westmorelandensis, 71, 72, 295. 


Cyclopoma, 219. 
disjunctum, 219. 

Cyclopomops, 187, 219, 278. 
moricandi, 219. 

Cyclostoma, 41. 
alutaceum,, 22. 
antillarum, 49. 
apertum, 26. 
asperulum, 78. 
auriculatum, 16, 25. 
beauiana, 60, 61. 
bicolor, 25. 
bituberculatum, 15. 
blanchetianum, 124, 244, 267. 
bogotense, 226. 
boucardi, 184. 
bourcieri, 163. 
brasiliense, 277. 
cayennense, 276. 
cingulatum, 228. 
copanense, 147. 


97 


corrugatum, 77, 82, 93, 105, 106, 


119. 
crassum, 113. 
erocea, 45. 
cumingii, 167. 


298 


Cyclostoma disjunctum, 219. 


distinetum, 275. 
dubiosum, 70. 
duffianum, 276. 

dysoni, 208, 207. 
flavidum, 45. 

flavula, 45. 

floccosum, 39, 62, 64. 
gayi, 278. 

giganteum, 124, 237, 238. 
glaucostomum, 199. 
grenadense, 134. 
guatemalense, 144. 
guayaquilense, 161. 
idolum, 25. 

inca, 267. 

incomptum, 191, 192, 276. 
inconspicuum, 227. 
inornata, 61. 

irregulare, 236. 


jamaicense, 105, 106, 109, 112. 


jugosum, 71, 76. 
laxatum, 244. 
lutescens, 181. 

mani, 30. 
martinicense, 140. 
mexicanum, 124, 173. 
moricandi, 220. 
orbignyi, 46, 47. 
pallescens, 111. 
perpallidum, 139. 
ponderosum, 182, 276. 
popayana, 264. 
prominula, 277. 
psilomitum, 274. 
purum, 162. 

quitense, 250. 
rufescens, 56. 
schrammi, 57. 
seminudum, 125, 126, 130. 
simulacrum, 146. 
solenatum, 25. 
stramineum, 198, 276. 
striata, 165. 
striatum, 165. 
subrugosum, 105. 
suturale, 68, 69. 
texturatum, 186, 276. 
tortum, 4, 26, 38. 
translucidum, 272. 
varians, 86, 92, 93, 127, 128. 
ventricosa, 30. 
verruculosum, 51. 
volvulus, 124. 

vortex, 63. 


Cyclotus, 41. 


affinis, 210. 
ambiguus, 211. 
amethystinus, 60. 
angulatus, 228. 
asperulus, 78. 
bairdianus, 127. 
bartletti, 157. 
berendti, 212. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Cyclotus beswicki, 79. 


bisinuatus, 235. 
bogotensis, 226. 
boucardi, 175, 177. 
cingulatus, 228. 
connivens, 275. 
cooperi, 180. 
corpulentus, 217. 
corrugatior, 84. 
corrugatissimus, 110. 
corrugatus, 115, 119. 
costaricensis, 234. 
erassus, 113, 115. 
eycloatus, 110. 
deburghaeanus, 130. 
dentistigmatus, 120. 
duflianus, 277. 
dunkeri, 230. 
dysoni, 208. 
filo-liratus, 267. 
fischeri, 239. 
floccosus, 64. 
gemma, 87. 
giganteus, 238. 
glaucostoma, 200. 
glaucostomus, 199. 
granulatus, 196. 
inca, 244, 267. 
incomptus, 189, 191. 
inutilis, 107, 115. 
irregularis, 236. 
jamaicense, 123. 
jamaicensis, 115. 
jugosus, 76. 
quitensis, 250. 
laxatus, 244. 
lineatus, 105, 109. 
magna, 101. 
mexicanus, 173. 
minor, 100, 213. 
multilineatus, 212. 
nodosus, 107, 114. 
notatior, 122, 123. 
notatus, 107, 114. 
novae-spei, 115, 117. 
novussaltus, 112. 
pallescens, 111. 
parva, 76, 77. 

pazi, 257. 
perdistinctus, 39, 40. 
perezi, 259. 
perpallidus, 139. 
pittieri, 236. 
popayanus, 264. 
portlandensis, 93, 94. 
portoricensis, 59. 
pretiosus, 127. 
ruber, 126. 
rudis-planusque, 131. 
rufilabris, 78. 
rugatus, 133. 
rupisfontis, 74. 
stramineus, 198. 
striosus, 75. 


INDEX 


Cyclotus subrugosus, 105. 
translucidus, 271, 272. 
trinitensis, 136, 271. 
varians, 86. 
vortex, 63. 
westmorelandensis, 72. 
zigzag, 90. 

Cyclovendreysia, 62, 69. 
dubiosa, 70, 285. 

eylindraceum, Megalomastoma, 45. 

Cylindropalaina, 148. 

Cyrtotoma, 151, 169. 
avus, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
cooperi, 180. 
fischeri, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
goldmani, 169, 173, 174, 281, 288. 
ignotum, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
mexicanum, 169, 173, 174, 281, 
palmeri, 169, 172, 281, 288. 
salleanum, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
walkeri, 169, 174, 281, 288. 

deburghaeanum, Aperostoma, 129, 

287. 

deburghaeanus, Cyclotus, 130. 

delphinulus, Amphicyclotus, 158. 
Cyclophorus, 158. 
Filocyclus, 158, 282, 287. 

dentistigmata, Poteria, 116, 

291. 

dentistigmatus, Cyclotus, 120. 
Neocyclotus, 120. 

depressum, Aperostoma, 222, 

290. 

depressus, Neocyclotus, 247. 
Poteria, 247. 

digitale, Farcimen, 22, 23, 283. 
Megalomastoma, 23. 

Diplommatina occidentale, 52. 
occidentalis, 52 
stolli, 149. 

Diplommatininae, 43, 51, 142, 148. 

disjunctum, Cyclopoma, 219. 
Cyclostoma, 219. 

disjunctus, Cyclophorus, 219. 

distinctum, Cyclostoma, 275. 

distinctus, Incerticyclus, 275, 291. 
Neocyclotus, 275. 

domingoense, Farcimoides, 46, 47, 284. 

Te ti Amphicyclotulus, 54, 57, 

285. 

dubiosa, Cyclovendreysia, 70, 285. 

dubiosum, Cyclostoma, 70. 

duffianum, Aperostoma, 276. 
Cyclostoma, 276. 

duffianus, Cyclotus, 277. 

Incerticyclus, 276, 282. 
Neocyclotus, 277. 


288. 


130, 


120, 


247, 


dunkeri, Aperostoma, 221, 230, 233, 280, 
289. 3 
Cyclotus, 230. 
Neocyclotus, 230. 
Poteria, 230, 256. 
269, 273, 279, 


dunoonense, Aperostoma, 
289 


dyeri, Aperstoma, 204, 205, 281, 289. 


299 


dysoni, Aperstoma, 203, 204, 207, 209, 
217, 281, 289. 
Cyclophorus, 207. 
Cyclostoma, 203, 207. 
Cyclotus, 208. 
Neoeyclotus, 208, 209. 
Pliatystoma, 208. 
Poteria, 208. 
ecuadorense, Aperostoma, 222, 248, 250, 
251, 280, 290. 
elephantinum, Farcimen, 7, 9, 283. 
elevatum, Crocidopoma, 62, 63, 64, 285. 
esmeraldense, Calaperostoma, 159, 160, 
161, 286, 287. 
esmeraldensis, Amphicyclotus, 160. 
Cyclophorus, 160. 
Eupalaina, 148. 
exiguum, Aperostoma, 221, 234, 280, 289. 
Farcimen, 1, 3, 4, 5, 34, 48, 45, 46. 
alutaceum, 4, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 283. 
anafense, 27, 28, 284. 
apertum, 5, 26. 
arangoi, 36, 284. 
auriculatum, 24, 25, 26, 284. 
balneorum, 31, 32, 284. 
bayamense, 5, 6, 283. 
biayaense, 12, 13, 14, 283. 
bicolor, 24, 25, 284. 
bituberculatum, 13, 14, 15, 16, 283. 
camagueyanum, 10, 11, 283. 
catalinense, 36, 284. 
clenchi, 24, 25, 284. 
collare, 17, 18, 19, 283. 
crassum, 15, 16, 283. 
croceum, 44, 45, 46, 285. 
curtum, 3, 44, 46, 285. 
digitale, 22, 23, 283. 
elephantinum, 7, 9, 283. 
flavulum, 45. 
fiorencianum, 11, 12, 283. 
giganteum, 15, 16, 283. 
guanense, 37, 284. 
guantanamense, 7, 19, 283. 
guitarti, 17, 19, 283. 
gundlachi, 27, 28, 284. 
gundlachiellum, 27, 28, 284. 
gutierrezi, 15, 16, 17, 283. 
hendersoni, 35, 36, 284. 
hjalmersoni, 44, 45, 285. 
holguinense, 7, 8, 283. 
itinerarium, 35, 284. 
lagunillense, 37, 38, 284. 
leonellum, 29, 284. 
leoni, 17, 19, 283. 
leoninum, 29, 284. 
magister, 17, 19, 288. 
magnificum, 22, 283. 
mani, 30, 284. 
martianum, 13, 14, 283. 
mayajiguense, 11, 12, 283. 
mayariense, 7, 8, 10, 283. 
mayense, 7, 10, 283. 
minor, 15, 16, 283. 
mirandum, 7, 9, 288. 
multistriatinum, 31, 32. 


300 


Farcimen najazaense, 13, 14, 283. 
obesum, 20, 21, 283. 
perconvexum, 7, 8, 283. 
poeyi, 17, 18, 19, 283. 
procer, 38, 284. 
pseudotortum, 5, 6, 7, 26, 283. 
rocai, 23 284. 
scopulorum, 4, 33, 284. 
seminudum, 17, 19, 283. 
semivestitum, 7, 8, 283. 
senectum, 24, 284. 
Subobesum, 20, 21, 283. 
subventricosum, 31, 32, 284. 
superbum, 34, 35, 284. 
torrei, 20, 284. 
tortum, 4, 5, 26, 284. 
turquinoense, 5, 6, 283. 
ungula, 5, 7, 9, 10, 283. 
ventricosum, 30, 32, 284. 
vinalense, 32, 33, 284. 
wrighti, 12, 13, 283. 
yunquense, 6, 283. 

Farcimoides, 3, 43, 46. 
domingoense, 46, 47, 284. 
orbignyi, 46, 47, 284. 

Sallei, 46, 285. 

fusciata, Neocyclotus, 227, 256. 
Poteria, 256. 

fasciatum, Aperostoma, 223, 256, 257, 

282, 290. 

Filocyeclus, 151, 157. 
delphinulus, 158, 282, 287. 

filoliratum, Aperostoma, 221, 267, 280, 

291. 

filo-liratus, Cyclotus, 267. 
Poteria, 267. 

fischeri, Aperostoma, 222, 239, 280, 290. 
Cyclotus, 239. 

Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
Poteria, 239. 

fischerianus, Neocyclotus, 258. 

flavidum, Cyclostoma, 45. 

flavidus, Turbo, 45. 

flavula, Cyclostoma, 45. 
Megalomastoma, 44, 45. 

flavulum, Farcimen, 45. 

floccosum, Crocidopoma, 39, 62, 64, 65 

282. 


? 


’ 


Cyclostoma, 39, 62, 64. 
floccosus, Cyclotus, 64. 
florencianum, Farcimen, 11, 12, 283. 
fonticula, Cyclopilsbrya, 80, 81, 285, 291. 
fonticulus, Neocyclotus, 81. 
fossile, Aperostoma, 125, 131, 287. 
fultoni, Aperostoma, 222, 242, 279, 290. 
gayi, Amphicyclotus, 278. 

Cyclophorus, 278. 

Cyclostoma, 278. 

Incerticyclus, 278, 279. 
gealei, Megalomastoma, 143. 

Tomocyclus, 142, 143, 147, 281, 287. 
gemma, Cyclotus, 87. 

Neocyclotus, 87. 

Ptychocochlis, 88, 87, 285. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


gigantea, Poteria, 238. 
giganteum, Aperostoma, 221, 222, 237, 
238, 239, 277, 281, 290. 
Cyclostoma, 124, 237, 238. 
Farcimen, 15, 16, 283. 
giganteus, Cyclotus, 238. 
Neocyclotus, 2388, 239. 
glabra, Helix, 45. 
glaucostoma, Cyclotus, 200. 
Poteria, 200. 
glaucostomum, Aperostoma, 196, 
282, 288. 
Cyclostoma, 199. 
glaucostomus, Cyclotus, 199. 
Neocyclotus, 200. 
glenburniensis, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 73, 75. 
285 


199, 


goldfussi, Amphicyclotus, 184, 281. 
Aperostoma, 184. i 
Cyclophorus, 184. 

goldmani, Cyrtotoma, 169, 173, 174, 281, 

288. 

gossei, Ptychocochlis, 83, 85, 286. 

gracilius, Megalomastoma, 147, 148. 

granulatum, Aperostoma, 196, 280, 288. 

granulatus, Cyclotus, 196. 

Neocyclotus, 196. 
Poteria, 196. 
grenadense, Aperostoma, 133, 134, 135, 
287. 


Cyclostoma, 134. 
guadeloupensis, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 55, 
58, 60, 285. 
guanense, Farcimen, 37, 284. 
guantanamense, Farcimen, 7, 10, 283. 
guatemalense, Cyclostoma, 144. 
Megalomastoma, 144. 


guatemalensis, Tomocyclus, 143, 144, 
281, 287. 
guayaquilense, Calaperostoma, 159, 161, 
280, 287. 


Cyclostoma, 161. 
guayaquilensis, Amphicyclotus, 161. 
Cyclophorus, 161. 
guitarti, Farcimen, 17, 19, 283. 
gundlachi, Crocidopoma, 39, 41, 42, 284. 
Farcimen, 27, 28, 284. 
Megalomastoma, 28. 
gundlachiellum, Farcimen, 27, 28, 284. 
gutierrezi, Farcimen, 15, 16, 17, 283. 
Habropoma lutescens, 181. 
mexicanum, 171, 173. 
salleanum, 170. 
haematomma, Amphicyclotus, 155. 
Cyclophorus, 155. 
Lagocyclus, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287, 
291. 
haitia, Cyclohaitia, 53, 285. 
haughti, Aperostoma, 268, 269, 279, 289. 
hedui, Aperostoma, 187, 191, 279, 288. 
Helix crocea, 44, 45. 
glabra, 45. 
hendersoni, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 72, 285. 
Farcimen, 35, 36, 284. 
Ptychocochlis, 83, 96, 286. 


INDEX 


hidalgoi, Amphicyclotus, 167. 
Calaperostoma, 159, 166, 167, 279, 
287. 
Cyclophorus, 167. 
hinkleyi, Aperostoma, 203, 204, 206, 207, 
281, 289. 
hitomi, Aperostoma, 187, 194, 280, 288. 
hjalmersoni, Farcimen, 44, 45, 285. 
Megalomastoma, 45. 
bolguinense, Farcimen, 7, 8, 283. 
humile, Aperostoma, 129, 287. 
idolum, Cyclostoma, 25. 
ignotum, Crocidopoma, 41, 42, 284. 
Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
{mitator, Poteria, 107, 108, 286. 
{nea, Aperostoma, 221, 267, 279, 291. 
Cyclostoma, 267. 
Cyclotus, 244, 267. 
Neocyclotus, 245, 267. 
Poteria, 267. 
Incerticyclus, 137, 275. 
bakeri, 137 188, 139, 287. 
bowdenensis, 138, 139, 291. 
braziliensis, 277, 279, 291. 
cayennensis, 276, 281. 
cinereus, 141, 287. 
connivens, 275, 282, 291. 
distinctus, 275, 291. 
duffianus, 276, 282. 
gayi, 278, 279. 
martinicensis, 140. 
perpallidus, 139, 287. 
perplexus, 140, 287. 
prominulus, 277, 279, 291. 
schermoi, 138, 291. 
Incidostoma, 187. 
hedui, 191. 
hitomi, 194. 
incomptum, 192. 
kobelti, 190. 
malleatum, 188. 
nirafe, 193. 
pergrandis, 188. 
pichinchense, 191. 
pizarroi, 193. 
stirlingi, 195. 
incomptum, Aperostoma, 187, 192, 282, 
288 


Cyclostoma, 191, 192, 276. 
incomptus, Cyclotus, 191. 
Neocyclotus, 192. 
Poteria, 192. 
Pterocyclos, 192. 
inconspicuum, Aperostoma, 221, 227, 282, 
- 289, 


Cyclostoma, 227. 
Poteria, 227. 
inornata, Cyclostoma, 61. 
inutilis, Cyclotus, 107, 115. 
Neocyclotus, 115. 
Poteria, 115. 
irregulare, Aperostoma, 222, 236, 280, 
290. 
Cyclostoma, 236. 
Poteria, 236. 


428349—42—_20 


301 


irregularis, Cyclotus, 236. 
Neocyclotus, 236. 
itinerarium, Farcimen, 35, 284. 
jamaicense, Aperostoma, 105. 
Cyclostoma, 105, 106, 109, 112. 
Cyclotus, 123. 
jamaicensis, Cyclotus, 115. 
Neocyclotus, 82. 
Poteria, 106, 107, 112, 286. 
Turbo, 82, 93, 105, 106, 112. 
jugosa, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 76, 285, 291. 
jugosum, Cyclostoma, 71, 76. 
jugosus, Cyclotus, 76. 
Neocyclotus, 76. 
knobbei, Neocyclotus, 101. 
kobelti, Aperostoma, 187, 190, 279, 288. 
kugleri, Aperostoma, 196, 201, 282, 289. 
lacteofluviale, Aperostoma, 98. 
lacteofluvialis, Ptychocochlis, 84, 98, 286. 
laevitesta, Cyclopilsbrya, 80, 82, 285. 
Poteria, 82. 
Lagocyclus, 151, 154, 159. 
antoni, 154, 156, 280, 287. 
bartletti, 154, 157, 282, 287. 
erosseanus, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287. 
haematomma, 154, 155, 156, 280, 287, 
291. 
vasconesi, 154, 156, 280, 287. 
lagunillense, Farcimen, 37, 38, 284. 
laxatum, Aperostoma, 222, 244, 280, 290. 
Cyclostoma, 244. 
Poteria, 244. 
laxatus, Cyclotus, 244. 
Neocyclotus, 244. 
leai, Aperostoma, 221, 222, 246, 282, 290. 
Calaperostoma, 159, 165, 279, 288. 
leonellum, Farcimen, 29, 284. 
leoni, Farcimen, 17, 19, 283. 
leoninum, Farcimen, 29, 284. 
Megalomastoma, 29. 
limellum, Aperostoma, 196, 197, 199, 201, 
279, 288. 
limensis, Pupa, 148. 
lineata, Poteria, 106, 107, 109, 110, 115, 
286, 291. 
lineatus, Cyclotus, 105, 109. 
Liracyclotus, 186, 274. 
psilomitus, 274, 282, 287. 
liratus, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 58, 60, 285. 
Cyclophorus, 58, 141. 
Lomastoma, 48. 
lutescens, Amphicyclotus, 181. 
Aperostoma, 181. 
Cyclophorus, 180, 181. 
Cyclostoma, 181. 
Habropoma, 181. 
Mexcyclotus, 179, 180, 181, 288. 
magister, Farcimen, 17, 19, 283. 
Poteria, 116, 119, 287. 
magna, Cyclotus, 101. 
Ptychocochlis, 84, 101, 286. 
magnificum, Farcimen, 22, 283. 
major, Aperostoma, 269, 270, 279, 289. 
Poteria, 270. 


302 


maleri, Amphicyclotus, 184, 185, 220, 
281, 288. 
Cyclophorus, 185. 
malleatum, Aperostoma, 187, 188, 189, 
190, 191, 282, 288. 
manabense, Aperostoma, 222, 239, 280, 


290. 
manchesterensis, Ptychocochlis, 83, 88, 
285. 

mani, Cyclostoma, 30. 

Fareimen, 30, 284. 
Megalomastoma, 30. 

marianna, Ptychocochlis, 83, 97, 286. 

martensi, Neocyclotus, 95. 
Ptychocochlis, 82, 83, 95, 286, 291. 

martianum, Farcimen, 13, 14, 283. 

martinezi, Buckleya, 152. 

Buckleyia, 151, 152, 154, 280, 287. 
Cyclophorus, 152. 

martinicense, Cyclostoma, 140. 

martinicensis, Incerticyelus, 140. 

masvense, Aperostoma, 223, 254, 280, 

290. 

mayajiguense, Farcimen, 11, 12, 283. 

mayariense, Farcimen, 7, 8, 10, 283. 

mayense, Farcimen, 7, 10, 283. 

mcsweeni, Aperostoma, 132, 134, 

287. 

Megacyclotus, 151, 181. 
palenquensis, 182, 183, 281, 288. 
ponderosus, 182, 183, 281, 288. 

Megaloma, 48. 

Megalomastoma, 3, 41, 48, 48, 50, 51. 
antillarum, 49, 50, 284. 
apertum, 26, 27. 
brunnea, 48, 49. 
brunneum, 48, 49, 284, 285. 
complanatum, 88. 
curtum, 44, 
eyclindraceum, 45. 
digitale, 23. 
flavula, 44, 45. 
gealei, 143. 
gracilius, 147, 148. 
guatemalense, 144. 
gundlachi, 28. 
hjalmersoni, 45. 
leoninum, 28. 
mani, 30. 
minor, 16. 
minus, 147, 148. 
mirandum, 9. 
petiti, 48, 49, 50, 284. 
procer, 38. 
seminudum, 7, 19. 
simulacrum, 146. 
torrei, 20. 
tortum, 5, 6. 
ungula, 9. 
verruculosum, 51, 284. 

Megalomastominae, 3, 43, 142. 

Megalomastomoides, 3, 48. 50. 
verruculosum, 51. 

merrilli. Aperostoma, 223, 262, 263, 264, 

279, 290. 


135, 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Mexcyclotus, 151, 179. 
cooperi, 180, 181, 281, 288. 
lutescens, 179, 180, 181, 288. 
mexicanum, Aperostoma, 173. 
Cyclostoma, 124, 173. 
Cyrtotoma, 169, 173, 174, 281, 288. 
Habropoma, 171, 173. 
mexicanus, Cyclophorus, 173. 
Cyclotus, 173. 
milleri, Crocidopoma, 62, 66, 285. 
mineri, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 55, 58, 60. 
285. 
minor, Cyclotus, 100, 213. 
Farcimen, 15, 16, 283. 
Megalomastoma, 16. 
Neocyclotus, 260. 
Poteria, 213. 
Ptychocochlis, 84, 100, 286. 
minus, Megalomastoma, 147, 148. 
mirandum, Farcimen, 7, 9, 283. 
Megalomastoma, 9. 
montegoensis, Ptychocochlis, 
286. 
montezumi, Aperostoma, 151, 152. 
moricandi, Amphicyclotus, 220. 
Aperostoma, 219, 279, 291. 
Cyclostoma, 220. 
multilineatus, Cyelotus, 212. 
multistriatinum, Farcimen, 31, 32, 284. 
najazaense, Farcimen, 13, 14, 283. 
nana, Poteria, 116, 120, 286. 
nanum, Aperostoma, 223, 262, 263, 282, 
290 


84, 101, 


Neocyclotus, 125, 187, 203. 
affinis, 210. 
ambiguus, 211. 
asperulus, 78. 
bakeri, 137. 
bartletti, 157. 
belli, 201, 268. 
berenadti, 212. 
beswicki, 79. 
bisinuatus, 235. 
bogotensis, 226. 
boueardi, 177. 
caucaensis, 258. 
chrysacme, 219. 
cingulatus, 228, 253. 
colombiensis, 258. 
connivens, 275. 
corpulentus, 217. 
corrugatior, 84. 
corrugatissimus, 110. 
crassus, 113. 
eycloatus, 110. 
dentistigmatus, 120. 
depressus, 247, 
distinctus, 275. 
duffianus, 277. 
dunkeri, 230. 
dysoni, 208, 209. 
fasciata, 227, 256. 
fischerianus, 2: 
fonticulus, 81. 
gemma, 8&7. 


INDEX 


Neocyclotus giganteus, 238, 239. 
glaucostomus, 200. 
granulatus, 196. 
inea, 245, 267. 
incomptus, 192. 
inutilis, 115. 
irregularis, 236. 
jamaicensis, 82. 
jugosus, 76. 
knobbei, 101. 
laxatus, 244. 
martensi, 95. 
minor, 260. 
nodosus, 114. 
notatior, 122. 
notatus, 114. 
novae-spei, 117. 
pallescens, 111. 
panamensis, 197. 
pazi, 257. 
peilei, 200. 
perezi, 259. 
pergrandis, 188, 190. 
perpallidus, 139. 
peruvianus, 252. 
popayanus, 264. 
quitensis, 250. 
rupisfontis, 74. 
stramineus, 198. 
subcingulatus, 249. 
subrugosus, 105. 
thielei, 72. 
translucidus, 272. 
trinitensis, 271. 
varians, 8&6. 
westmorelandensis, 72. 
zigzag, 90. 
Neopupina, 3, 5, 43. 
eroceum, 45. 
eurtum, 44. 
hjalmersoni, 45. 
nevadense, Aperostoma, 223, 255, 282, 
290. 

nicaraguense, Aperostoma, 205, 214, 216, 
281, 289. 

nigrofasciatum, Calaperostoma, 
164, 166, 280, 288. 

nigrofasciatus, Amphicyclotus, 164. 
Cyclophorus, 164. 

nirafe, Aperostoma, 187, 193, 195, 279, 

288. 

nodosa, Poteria, i14. 

nodosus, Cyclotus, 107, 114. 
Neocyclotus, 114. 

notata, Poteria, 114. 

notatior, Cyclotus, 122, 123. 
Neocyclotus, 122. 

Poteria, 116, 122, 123, 286. 

notatus, Cyclotus, 107, 114. 
Neocyclotus, 114. 

novae-spei, Cyclotus, 115, 117. 
Neocyclotus, 117. 

Poteria, 115, 116, 117, 2&6. 

novussaltus, Cyclotus, 112. 

obesum, Farcimen, 20, 21, 283. 


159, 


303 


occidentale, Adelopoma, 52, 148, 149, 
150, 151, 282, 291. 

Diplommatina, 52. 
occidentalis, Diplommatina, 52. 

Palaina, 52. 
olivaceum, Aperostoma, 222, 251, 252, 

280, 290. 
olssoni, Amphicyclotus, 178. 

Calacyclotus, 178, 179, 279, 281, 288. 
orbignyi, Amphicyclotus, 168. 

Calaperostoma, 159, 168, 279. 

Cyclophorus, 168. 

Cyclostoma, 46, 47. 

Farcimoides, 46, 47, 284. 
orcutti, Crocidopoma, 62, 66, 285. 

Ptychocochlis, 84, 99, 286. 
paezense, Aprostoma, 221, 225, 279, 289. 
ae Aperostoma, 221, 232, 280, 

90. 
pailaense, Aperostoma, 221, 231, 280, 
Palaina occidentalis, 52. 

stolli, 149. 
palenquense, Aperostoma, 183. 
palenquensis, Megacyclotus, 

281, 288. 
pallescens, Cyclostoma, 111. 

Cyclotus, 111. 

Neoecyclotus, 111. 

Poteria, 107, 111, 286. 
palmeri, Cyrtotoma, 169, 172, 281, 288. 
panamense, Aperostoma, 196, 197, 281, 

288. 
panamensis, Neocyclotus, 197. 

Poteria, 197. 
parva, Cyclotus, 76, 77. 
pazi, Aperostoma, 217, 257, 280, 290. 

Cyclotus, 257. 

Neocyelotus, 257. 

Poteria, 257. 
peilei, Aperostoma, 196, 200, 279, 288. 

Neocyelotus, 200. 
perconvexum, Farcimen, 78, 283. 
perdistinctum, Aperostoma, 276. 

Crocidopoma, 39, 40, 284. 
perdistinctus, Cyclotus, 59, 40. 
perezi, Aperostoma, 223, 259, 280, 290. 

Cyclotus, 259. 

Neocyclotus, 259. 

Poteria, 259. 
pergrandis, Aperostoma, 187, 188, 190, 

279, 288. 

Neoeyclotus, 188, 190. 

Poteria, 188. 
perpallidum, Cyclostoma, 139. 
perpallidus, Cyclostoma, 139. 

Cvclotus, 1389. 

Incerticyclus, 139, 287. 

Neocyclotus, 139. 
perplexus, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 59, 285. 

Incerticyclus, 140, 287. 
peruense, Aperostoma, 222, 245, 247, 282, 

290 


182, 183, 


peruvianum, Aperostoma, 223, 252, 282, 
290. 


304 


peruvianus, Neocyclotus, 252. 
Poteria, 252. 
petiti, Megalomastoma, 48, 49, 50, 284. 
petricola, Ptychocochlis, 104, 286. 
pichinchense, Aperostoma, 187, 191, 280, 
288 


pisecinalis, Valvata, 141. 
pittieri, Aperostoma, 222, 236, 280. 
Calaperostoma, 159, 164, 281, 287. 
Cyclotus, 236. 
Poteria, 236. 
pizarroi, Aperostoma, 187, 193, 194, 195, 
282, 288. 
plana, Poteria, 107, 113, 114, 286. 
Platyraphe, 220. 
Platystoma, 82. 
dysoni, 208. 
Plectocyclotus, 106. 
poeyi, Farcimen, 17, 18, 19, 283. 
ponderosum, Cyclostoma, 182, 276. 
ponderosus, Amphicyclotus, 182. 
Cyclophorus, 182. 
Megacyclotus, 182, 183, 281, 288. 
popayana, Cyclostoma, 264. 
Poteria, 256, 264. 
popayanum, Aperostoma, 223, 264, 266, 
280, 291. 
popayanus, Cyclotus, 264. 
Neocyclotus, 264. 
portlandensis, Cyclotus, 93, 94. 
portobellense, Aperostoma, 222, 242, 281, 
290. 
portoricensis, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 59, 
285. 
Cyclotus, 59. 
Poteria, 62, 82, 105, 106. 
affinis, 210. 
ambiguus, 211. 
aulari, 199. 
balnearis, 116, 123, 286. 
bartletti, 157. 
bejumensis, 270. 
berendti, 212. 
blanchetianum, 245. 
bogotensis, 226. 
bondi, 68. 
burringtoni, 107, 286. 
campeachyi, 104. 
cardozi, 266. 
caribaea, 77. 
caucaensis, 258. 
caymanensis, 80. 
chittyi, 116, 121, 286. 
cingulatum, 228. 
colombiensis, 258. 
confusum, 237. 
corpulentus, 217. 
corrugatissima, 107, 110, 111, 112, 
114, 286. 
crassa, 107, 1138, 286. 
cycloata, 109, 110, 286. 
dentistigmata, 116, 120, 287, 291. 
depressus, 247. 
dunkeri, 230, 256. 
dysoni, 208. 
fasciata, 256. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Poteria filo-liratus, 267. 

fischeri, 239. 

gigantea, 238. 

glaucostoma, 200. 

granulatus, 196. 

imitator, 107, 108, 286. 

inca, 267. 

incomptus, 192. 

inconspicuum, 227. 

inutilis, 115. 

irregulare, 236. 

jamaicensis, 106, 107, 112, 286. 

laevitesta, 82. 

laxatum, 244. 

lineata, 106, 107, 109, 110, 115, 286, 

291. 

magister, 116, 119, 287. 

major, 270. 

minor, 213. 

nana, 116, 120, 286. 

nodosa, 114, 

notata, 114. 

notatior, 116, 122, 123, 286. 

novaespei, 115, 116, 117, 286. 

pallescens, 107, 111, 286. 

panamensis, 197. 

pazi, 257. 

perezi, 259. 

pergrandis, 188. 

peruvianus, 252. 

pittieri, 236. 

plana, 107, 113, 114, 286. 

popayana, 256, 264. 

quitensis, 250. 

rugata, 202. 

sanctaemarthae, 218. 

santaguitensis, 272, 2738. 

smithi, 216. 

stramineus, 198. 

subcingulatum, 249. 

taylori, 118, 119, 287. 

translucida, 272. 

trinitensis, 186, 271. 

tryoniana, 116, 286. 

vincentiana, 133. 

welchi, 116, 118, 119, 286 

yallahsensis, 116, 123, 287. 
pretiosum, Aperostoma, 126, 127, 287. 
pretiosus, Cyclotus, 127. 
princeps, Aperostoma, 175. 

Barbacyclus, 175, 280, 288. 
procer, Farcimen, 38, 284. 

Megalomastoma, 38. 
prominula, Cyclostoma,. 277. 
prominulus, Incerticyclus, 277, 279, 291. 
pseudotortum, Farcimen, 5, 6, 7, 26, 283. 
psilomitum, Cyclostoma, 274. 
psilomitus, Amphicyclotus, 274. 

Cyclophorus, 274. 

Liracyclotus, 274, 282, 287. 
Pterocycios, 161. 

incomptus, 192. 
Ptychocochlis, 62, 82. 

adamsi, 83, 94, 95, 286. 

campeachyi, 84, 103, 104, 286. 

clappi, 82, 83, 91, 286. 

corrugata, 82, 83, 93, 95, 286. 


INDEX 


305 


Ptychocochlis corrugatior, 83, 84, 85, 86, | salleanum, Aperostoma, 170. 
286 


gemma, 83, 87, 285. 
gossei, 83, 85, 286. 
hendersoni, 83, 96, 286. 
lacteofluvialis, 84, 98, 286. 
magna, 84, 101, 286. 
manchesterensis, 83, 88, 285. 
marianna, 838, 97, 286. 
martensi, 82, 83, 95, 286, 291. 
minor, 84, 100, 286. 
montegoensis, 84, 101, 286. 
orcutti, 84, 99, 286. 
petricola, 104, 286. 
savannensis, 82, 84, 98, 286. 
senex, 83, 92, 286. 
shawae, 83, 90. 286. 
simpsoni, 83, 95, 286. 
subglobosa, 84, 103, 286. 
subrugosa, 83, 105, 286. 
taylori, 83, 89, 286. 
varians, 83, 86, 286. 
vendreysi, 82, 84, 102, 286. 
welchi, 83, 88, 285. 
zigzag, 83, 90, 286. 

pulchellum, Aperostoma, 223, 263, 

290. 

Pupa limensis, 148. 

Pupoides, 148. 

purum, Calaperostoma, 159, 162, 


279, 


280, 


Cyclostoma, 162. 
pygmaeum, Aperostoma, 269, 272, 
289. 
quitense, Aperostoma, 222, 250, 280, 290. 
Cyclostoma, 250. 
quitensis, Cyclotus, 250. 
Neocyclotus, 250. 
Poteria, 250. 
redfieldi, Aperostoma, 223, 261, 279, 290. 
rocai, Farcimen, 23, 284. 
rosenbergi, Amphicyclotus, 160. 


282, 


Calaperostoma, 159, 160, 280, 287. 
Cyclophorus, 160. 

ruatanense, Aperostoma, 204, 207, 281, 

289. 
ruber, Aperostoma, 125, 126, 127, 128, 
287. 

Cyclotus, 126. 

rudisplanusque, Aperostoma, 125, 131, 


287. 
radis-planusque, Cyclotus, 131. 
eee, Amphicyclotulus, 54, 56, 57, 
285. 
Cyclostoma, 56. 
rufilabris, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 78, 79, 285. 
Cyclotus, 78. 
rugata, Poteria, 202. 
rugatum, Aperostoma, 133, 286. 
rugatus, Cyclotus, 133. 
rupisfontis, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 74, 285. 
Cyclotus, 74. 
Neocyclotus, 74. 
salengoense, Aperostoma, 223, 253, 280, 
290. 


Cyrtotoma, 169, 170, 281, 288. 
Habropoma, 170. 
salleanus, Cyclophorus, 170. 
sallei, Aperostoma, 205, 213, 281, 289. 
Farcimoides, 46, 285. 
sanctaemarthae, Aperostoma, 203, 217, 
218, 279, 289. 
Poteria, 218. 
santaguitense, Aperostoma, 289. 
santaguitensis, Poteria, 272, 273. 
See Ptychocoechlis, 82, 84, 98, 
286. 
scabratum, Aperostoma, 125, 129, 287. 
schermoi, Incerticyclus, 138, 291. 
een Amphicyclotulus, 54, 57, 58, 
Cyclostoma, 57. 
scopulorum, Farcimen, 4, 33, 284. 
seminudum, Aperostoma, 109, 125, 128, 
129, 130, 131, 287, 291. 
Cyclostoma, 125, 126, 130. 
Farcimen, 17, 19, 283. 
Megalomastoma, 7, 19. 
seminudus, Cyclostoma, 1380. 
semivestitum, Farcimen, 7, 8, 283. 
senectum, Farcimen, 24, 284. 
senex, Ptychocochlis, 83, 92, 286. 
shawae, Ptychocochlis, 83, 90, 286. 
simile, Aperostoma, 221, 227, 280, 289. 
simpsoni, Ptychocochlis, 83, 95, 286. 
simulacrum, Cyclostoma, 146. 
Megalomastoma, 146. 
Tomocyeclus, 142, 148, 144, 146, 147, 
281, 287. 
siphonis, Tomocyclus, 143, 145, 146, 281. 
smithi, Aperostoma, 203, 204, 216, 217, 
279, 289. 
Poteria, 216. 
solenatum, Cyclostoma, 25. 
stirlingi, Aperostoma, 187, 195, 280, 288. 
stolli, Adelopoma, 149, 281, 291. 
Diplommatina, 149. 
Palaina, 149. 
stramineum, Aperostoma, 132, 195, 196, 
198, 282, 288. 
Cyclostoma, 198, 276. 
stramineus, Cyclotus, 198. 
Neocyclotus, 198. 
Poteria, 198. 
striata, Cyclostoma, 165. 
striatum, Cyclostoma, 165. 
striosa, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 75, 76, 285. 
striosus, Cyclotus, 75. 
subcingulatum, Aperostoma, 222, 249, 
251, 280, 290. 
Poteria, 249. 
subcingulatus, Neocyclotus, 249. 
subglobosa, Ptychocochlis, 84, 103, 286. 
subobesum, Farcimen, 20, 21, 283. 
subrugosa, Ptychocochlis, 83, 105, 286. 
subrugosum, Cyclostoma, 105. 
subrugosus, Cyclotus, 105. 
Neocyclotus, 105. 
subventricosum, Farcimen, 31, 32, 284. 


306 


sumichrasti, Aperostoma, 204, 209, 211, 
281, 289. 
superbum, Farcimen, 34, 35, 284. 
suturale, Cyclostoma, 68, 69. 
suturalis, Cyclojamaicia, 68, 69, 70, 285. 
taylori, Poteria, 118, 119, 287. 
Ptychocochlis, 83, 89, 286. 
texturatum, Cyclostoma, 186, 276. 
texturatus, Amphicyclotus, 184, 186, 281, 
288 


Cyclophorus, 186. 
thielei, Neocyclotus, 72. 
Tomocyclus, 8, 142. 
constrictus, 143, 145, 281, 287. 
copanensis, 148, 147, 281, 287. 
gealei, 142, 143, 147, 281, 287. 
guatemalensis, 148, 144, 281, 287. 
simulacrum, 142, 148, 144, 146, 147, 
281, 287. 
siphonis, 143, 145, 146, 281. 
toroense, Crocidopoma, 40, 284. 
torrei, Farcimen, 20, 284. 
Megalomastoma, 20. 
tortum, Cyclostoma, 4, 26, 38. 
Farcimen, 4, 5, 26, 284. 
Megalomastoma, 5, 6. 
tortus, Turbo, 4, 5, 26. 
translucida, Poteria, 272. 
translucidum, Aperostoma, 136, 179, 268, 
269, 272, 279, 289. 
Cyclostoma, 272. 
translucidus, Cyclotus, 271, 272. 
Neocyclotus, 272. 
trinitense, Aperostoma, 136, 268, 269, 
271, 287, 289. 
trinitensis, Cyclotus, 186, 271. 
Neocyclotus, 271. 
Poteria, 136, 271. 
truncatum, Cerion, 45. 
tryoniana, Poteria, 116, 286. 
tryonianum, Aperostoma, 116. 
tuema, Adelopoma, 148, 279, 291. 
Turbo flavidus, 45. 
jamaicensis, 82, 93, 105, 106, 112. 
tortus, 4, 5, 26. 
turquinoense, Farcimen, 5, 6, 283. 
umbilicatum, Aperostoma, 221, 224, 225, 
226, 279, 289. 
Underwoodi, Amphicyclotus, 176. 
Barbacyclus, 175, 176, 178, 280, 288. 


BULLETIN 181, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


underwoodi, Cyclophorus, 176. 
ungula, Farcimen, 5, 7, 9, 10, 283. 
Megalomastoma, 9. 
utriaense, Aperostoma, 222, 240, 241, 
280, 290. 
valerioi, Aperostoma, 205, 213, 215, 280, 
289. 
Valvata piscinalis, 141. 
varians, Cyclostoma, 86, 92, 93, 127, 128. 
Cyclotus, 86. 
Neocyclotus, 86. 
Ptychocochlis, 83, 86, 286. 
vasconesi, Cyclophorus, 156. 
Lagocyclus, 154, 156, 280, 287. 
vendreysi, Ptychocochlis, 82, 84, 102, 286. 
venezuelense, Aperostoma 222, 247, 248 
282, 290. 
ventricosa, Cyclostoma, 30. 
ventricosum, Farcimen, 30, 32, 284. 
veracochanum, Aperostoma, 221, 229, 
282, 289. 
verruculosum, Cyclostoma, 51. 
Megalomastoma, 51, 284. 
vesconesi, Amphicyclotus, 156. 
Cyclophorus, 156, 160. 
vinalense, Farcimen, 32, 33, 284. 
vineentina, Poteria, 133. 
vinecentinum, Aperostoma, 133, 286. 
volvulus, Cyclophorus, 124. 
Cyclostoma, 124. 
vortex, Crocidopoma, 62, 63, 65, 285. 
Cyclostoma, 63. 
Cyclotus, 63. 
walkeri, Aperostoma, 174. 
Cyrtotoma, 169, 174, 281, 288. 
welchi, Poteria, 116, 118, 119, 286. 
Ptychocochlis, 83, 88, 285. 
westmorelandensis, Cyclopilsbrya, 71, 
72, 295. 
Cyclotus, 72. 
Neocyclotus, 72. 
wetmorei, Aperostoma, 203, 279, 291. 
wrighti, Crocidopoma, 41, 42, 284. 
Farcimen, 12, 13, 283. 
yallahsensis, Poteria, 116, 123, 287. 
yunquense, Farcimen, 6, 283. 
zigzag, Cyclotus, 90. 
Neocyclotus, 90. 
Ptychocochlis, 88, 90, 286. 


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