CRLSSI } Ws N Ye < FITS Ae \ OM ERAS One Set INGTONS Se ea Ss ees CEG ALAA ON. AE ln pe a in _ a oe ae oe ea ; > 2 “a PD gt ME es RT ie SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bu tietin 194 AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST AND KEY TO THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO By HOBART M. SMITH ann EDWARD H. TAYLOR UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1948 ee For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 50 cents ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organiza- tions and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several vol- umes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. The present work forms No. 194 of the Bulletin series. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. II CONTENTS Page EE ENOR EC C1 OTN 5 tee 9 tote rie nc Fe er er re ee rere RRO BEC 1 PSSM RIEU sye ree meeees eon. Kn mene sre ee SOMME SEE Br Ie VSS. 3 Key to Mexican orders of Ampbibiass 222-02 Sok Set. 3 Or Meee GnyIMRO PHO Nas eet en an ee ON SARE 3 amily’ Caeciliidae= Yo 222i eee 3 Key to Mexican genera of Caeciliidae.__.___._________ 4 Genus Dermophismeeneees. 2528 Set 4 GenusiGymro prises see ee a ee 5 OrderhC audatie. > eho arias oe Rr au PR Se Se Sates, ch bok 5 Key to) Mexican’ suborders‘of Caudatas 2-22 522" __..-..--=-=-=._. ry Suborder=Meantess sete ae een meee eee le oe se oe 5 amily sSirenidaer. os: 2: eee sake ecko t el ee a 5 GenusiSiren2e sie ee es ee eee 6 Suborder-Ambystomoides!. 2) eset Ba siee ee) ait Roe! ee tue 6 Bamily Ambystomidae ws. Seess_ 2 0 = 5 see 6 Key to Mexican genera of Ambystomidae___.-___--_-_- 6 Genus -Bathystredoneeese. 022 2 22 eke see 7 GenustS7nedons te Se ae eee eee a Genus Rhyacosiredont aoe. - 2-55 seca 8 GenuseAmbystoma= Su mee 23 se 3 ee 10 Suborder: Salamandroides: 2s he 2 eee et seh eee sae 14 Hamily Salamandridnew {i sunee! 2.2. Seat ae 14 Key to Mexican genera of Salamandridae__.__-------- 14 Gens Rartchatse 2s ae eS 282 cise eee 14 Genus Diemiciylust 2 eee es 15 Suborder-Plethodontoidess_ 2244 Beles). haa ee ee 16 Family, Plethodontidacsst' = e232... 225 2 2s SoS eek 16 Key to Mexican subfamilies of Plethodontidae-_----_--- 16 Subfamily’ Thoriinaes 8.2222 l22 see ee 8. SL. 16 Genuselhoriustes = Bee ee eee ete 16 Subfamily: Plethodontinae222e_ 22222. 2t = 18 Key to Mexican genera of Plethodontinae_ --_--_~-- 18 LOTUS ol 71S E070 a ee ae Se 19 . Genus-Batrachosepssaies22- — 2s a= ss 19 Genus*Anerdes- 22 eee. ee eee ae 20 | GenuseParvimolge2= oe a ee Se eee a 20 [ Genus Oedipinag Re Sue ss Ss ee Sek 21 Genus Magnadiguds].-242- 2 == 21 Genus -Bolitoglossa_.3---—- = ee 22 Genus Pseudoeuriyceg. 22225 = 2 ae ne 25 | Genus Chireplerotriton 2+... 22-22 oe 228 —==2— = 30 | MircersCaliontrameen whe ee ne oe eee ee Bee ee eee 33 | III j| } IV BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Class Amphibia—Continued | Key to Mexican suborders of Salientia_---.------ heen ee eee 33 Suborder Opisthocodla s-.=22 2222 e222 34 Family: Rhinophrynidas:+ oo == 2-52 se eee 34 Genus Rhinophrynus.__-.....-.------------ 34 Suborder Anomocoela <2: 22-3 See ae eee eee 34 | Family Pelobatidacs.. 25.5) =e ee 34 | Genus Scaphiopus.- 23] ee ee ee 35 ; Suborder ‘Procoéla. 222 25.20) 2-30 2. 2 eee 36 Key to Mexican families of Procoela_______-_____.-----2=2.2= 36 RamilyBufonidae 32 22 5s 2) ee eee 37 Genus Bufo. 2... Sons oe 37 Family Leptodactylidses=2 S222 Ba er a ee 46 Key!to Mexican genera of Leptodactylidae_______-_-- 46 Genus Engystomops= 4250 oe ee 47 Genus Pomoedactylus 222 "5 2 eae eee 47 Genus Syrrhophus= 22-222 eee 49 Genus Microbatrachylus. =. .222055 52322 53 Genus Léeptodactylus.... - => = 2-5 2 eee 55 Genus Eleutherodactylus_.....-.2--.-------- 57 Family Hylidae Jo 2. see ee Se eee ee 67 Key to Mexican genera of Hylidae____----_----_----- 67 Genus Centrolencilaz, =) 2 a eee 68 Genius@iaglenas 232283) he eee eee 69 Genus hreprion 2308 2 ee ee ee 70 Genus- Anothccases2cse2o. 2 ae eee 70 Genus. Piennohylae: 2258 ee ee 70 Genus Agalychnis:. 22222452 eee 71 Genus Plectrohyla= = 2 eee 73 Genus: Acrodyleg. eb te 74 GenusySmiliscas 223368 2 ee eee 75 Genus Hiyléligit8. -4282% 22 35 ee ee 76 Gens: Acrse ie he ak eek bo. eae ee ee ee Genus Hylaz . 222 _ bee eee eee Gide Genus Ptychohylases5 45-82 ee ee 91 Suborder: Diplasiocoelay. 2222-22 2en4n 5s sete ey ease See ee 91 Key to Mexican families of Diplasiocoela.____._.--._----------- 91 amily: Microhiyilid esa ee ee ee 91 Subfamily eMicrohylinaesetes eee eee 92 Key to Mexican genera of Microhylinae______-_--- 92 Genus MMccrohylate 2 ea8') eee Soe eee 92 Genuspilapopachtsseassee = 0 eee ae ee 94 Family Ranidae.= sess kee eee 96 Sublamily Raninaee ee seat ees 96 Genus Ranasesse: 22th so eee eee 96 State liste... 2-23. ee eee 100 AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST AND KEY TO THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO By HoBart M. SMITH and EpwWARD H. TAYLOR INTRODUCTION A NEw era in the study of Mexican herpetology was initiated in 1932, a year marked first by the appearance of Dr. Remington Kellogg’s “Mexican Tailless Amphibians in the United States National Mu- seum,”’ ! a work of fundamental importance; and second, by the renais- sance of intensive field exploration in Mexico. Since 1932 the number of amphibians in collections from Mexico has increased about a thousand percent, and the number of recognizable forms more than a hundred percent. For example, Kellogg recog- nized 65 species of anurans, basing his study upon some 2,200 speci- mens. We recognize 161, represented by collections totaling about 25,000 specimens. ; The salamanders of Mexico have never been treated fully, although Dr. E. R. Dunn’s “The Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae,”’ which appeared in 1926, summarized over half the salamander fauna, 67 percent of which (by number of forms) is comprised by members of the family Plethodontidae (as of today). Dunn recognized 15 forms in 291 Mexican specimens; we list 43 forms, represented by some 9,000 specimens, and of all salamander groups combined 64 forms and 15,000 specimens. We are acutely aware that much revisionary work is still to be done in Mexico and in adjacent areas. Several genera and species obviously are polyphyletic assemblages; the study of some, like Rana pipiens, is beset with the difficulties of tremendous variability, wide range, and larger quantities of material than can easily be handled. Satisfactory solutions to many problems await collections from critical areas, and no doubt numerous species and subspecies remain to be discovered and defined. Probably many of the forms we regard as species will ultimately be regarded justifiably as subspecies. How- ever, assumption of subspecific status for geographically separated species (as we consider them) should be undertaken with temerity, as witness the implications of Moore’s recent work by which some widely 1U.8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932. Z BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM differentiated species are shown to interbreed freely while other popu- lations inadequately differentiated taxonomically are shown to be in- capable of interbreeding. Furthermore, determination of the actual status of some forms which we here regard as species must undoubtedly await experimental investigation; we refer to extraordinary complexes like that of a certain group of closely related but morphologically very distinct species of Hleutherodactylus in central Veracruz (vide Taylor and Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, p. 572). Beyond question, en fin, much juggling of arrangement remains to be endured. This fact is a reflection of (1) the peculiar character of amphibians, which are provided with fewer well-defined obvious and interracially variable features than almost any other group of vertebrates, and (2) the difficulties attending their collection. The difficulties of am- phibian taxonomy are obvious to anyone who actually tries to identify preserved specimens without the benefit of field experience. Knowl- edge of the animals in life is practically indispensable even—or per- haps especially—to the expert. This fact has not always been appre- ciated by critics who may have felt that we have recognized, in some cases, more forms than exist. That thorough collection of amphibians is not easily attained, especially in tropical areas, is well known. Some specimens emerge from their quarters into the open for breeding, where they are more easily collected, for extremely brief periods—perhaps one night a year. Except in breeding congresses many species are rarely if ever found; thus one must be on hand at just the right time and at just the right place to secure the species. Salamanders are collected in abundance ~ usually by special techniques not widely applied, such as seining or use of dipnets (for ambystomids) and search during the dry season in bromelias, stump holes, ete. (for most plethodontids). We have continually been surprised by repeated discovery of novelties at favorite collecting sites that we had considered completely surveyed. In view of these considerations, we feel that our view of the relative incompleteness of our present knowledge and the considerable length of time that will be required to approach completeness is not unwar- ranted. Nevertheless we feel the time is ripe for a summary of the amphibian fauna of Mexico, the complexity of which has become steadily more apparent in recent years. Students in this field have accomplished reviewal of most available collections at least only in a preliminary fashion, partly because of dwindling accessions during war years. The coming years will undoubtedly be a period of review, during which the activities of the recent past and the problems revealed by them CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 3 will be subjected to individual attention at leisure. The present list takes a step toward such general review by providing a brief survey of the present status of Mexican forms and a concise analysis of recent advances, to which additions and emendations may be made readily. In preparing this summary we have followed, with some exceptions, the style of our ‘Annotated Checklist and Key to the Snakes of Mexico.” ? The present account differs chiefly in the natural arrange- ment of the species and in the distribution of the keys, which instead of being united are scattered through the list in appropriate places. The keys are to transformed specimens, except where otherwise indicated, since the larvae are too incompletely known to permit the construction of useful keys. Likewise the eggs of relatively few forms are known. Juvenile transformed specimens will not be identifiable in all cases, since important characters may not be evident in them. For the sake of brevity we have indicated the E. H. Taylor-H. M. Smith collection by the abbreviation EHT—-HMS. Class AMPHIBIA Linnaeus Amphibia LinnaEvus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 194. KEY TO MEXICAN ORDERS OF AMPHIBIA 4 ipeOneor two paits of limbs’ presents no scales —==--=- ===. === == ee 2 No limbs present; animals with slender, elongate, annulated, wormlike bodiessiscales hiddeminiskin =2-—2 225-222-255. 2 Gymnophiona (p. 3) 2. Animals with elongate bodies; hind legs not or slightly larger than fore; a tail present in larvae and adults; neotenic forms sometimes occur- mings OF 4 MiMbs ise. 202 ee ae he Caudata (p. 5) Animals with greatly shortened bodies; hind legs much stouter than fore- legs; tail absent in adult; no neotenic forms; always 4 limbs. Salientia (p. 33) Order GYMNOPHIONA Miller Gymnophiona Miter, Zeitschr. Physiol., vol. 4, 1832, p. 24. Family CAECILIIDAE Gray * Caeciliadae 5 Gray, Ann. Philos., ser. 2, vol. 10, 1825, p. 217. 2U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 187, 1945. 3 Characters used in all cases apply to Mexican forms. These may not apply universally. 4 Despite rather remarkable skull differences, all living forms of the order Gymnophiona have been recognized under a single family. 5 Cited as Coeciliidae by Gray in 1850, Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia of the British Museum, p. 56; first use of present orthography, Caeciliidae, by Cope, Amer. Nat., vol, 23, 1889, p. 862. 4 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM KEY TO MEXICAN GENERA OF CAECILIIDAE 1. Eye visible; tentacle only slightly nearer eye than nostril; primary (97-110) and secondary (51-80) rings reduced in number; stout; total length/ diameter ratio 14~26___.2_.2-.--+--=--=-----===--=--— Dermophis (p. 4) Eye invisible or not, completely or partially encased under bone; tentacle very close to eye; primaries (119-137) and secondaries (98-122) more numerous; generally more slender; total length/diameter ratio DARA QHENGE I RET fe Os Sis i eee et See eee Gymnopis (p. 5) Genus DERMOPHIS Peters *® Dermophis Prrers, Monatsh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879, p. 987.—Duwn, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 91, 1942, pp. 461-479 (part). Genotype-—Dermophis mexicanus Duméril and Bibron (by subse- quent designation, Noble, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 49, 1924, p. 305). Range.—Veracruz and Guerrero, Mexico, to Ecuador. Species—Five forms are recorded, three of which are races of D. mexicana; one enters Mexico. DERMOPHIS MEXICANUS MEXICANUS (Duméril and Bibron) Siphonops mexicanus Dumirit and Brsron, Erpétologie générale, vol. 8, 1841, pp. 284-5. Dermophis mexicanus PrtErs, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879, p. 937, fig. 6. Dermophis mexicanus mezicanus Dunn, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 10, 1928, pp. 74-75, pl. 5. Gymnopis mexicanus mexicanus DUNN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 91, 1942, pp. 473-476. Type—Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris No. 5e (fide Dunn). Type locality —Mexico. Range.—The Atlantic coast from central Veracruz southeastward to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and perhaps to Yucatén; and on the Pacific coast from the Isthmus southeastward to western Nicaragua. In Mexico known from Veracruz: Cuatotolapam, Veracruz; Oazaca: Tehuantepec, Barrio; Tabasco: Teapa; Chiapas: La Zacualpa, Soco- nusco, Escuintla; Yucatdn: loc.? (Dugés). 6 In his revision of American caccilians, Dunn (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 91, 1942, pp. 487-540) unites Dermophis and Gymnopis (under the latter name) because of the existence of apparently annectant forms. The eye, visible and in an open orbit, is invariable in the three species of Dermophis but variable in visi- bility and presumably in extent of enclosure by bone in the four species of Gymnopis. However, the posi- tion of the tentacle (very near eye in Gymnopis, halfway between eye and nostril in Dermophis) does not overlap, the extent of closure of the orbit probably does not overlap (not known for all forms), and finally there is no indication that the present groupings of species under these two names are unnatural. For these reasons we retain Dermophis. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 5 Genus GYMNOPIS Peters Gymnopis Prters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1874, p. 616—Dunn, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 91, 1942, pp. 461-479 (part). Genotype.—Gymnopis multiplicata Peters (by monotypy). Range.—Guerrero, Mexico, and Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, to Brazil. Species.—Hight forms are known, of which three are races of G. multiplicata. Two (G. pricei, G. braziliensis) have been described by Dunn since the appearance of his monograph in 1942. Only one form enters Mexico. GYMNOPIS MULTIPLICATA OAXACAE Mertens Gymnopis multiplicata oaxacae MrrtEens, Abh. Ber. Mus. Magdeburg, vol. 6, 1930, pp. 153-155, fig. 14.—Tayuor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1938 (1939), pp. 299-300.—Dunn, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 91, 1942, pp. 466—-469.—Tayutor and Smit, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 523-524. Type.—Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, No. 22120. Type locality—Cafetal Concordia, 600 meters, between Puerto Angel and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico. Range.—Pacific slopes from central Guerrero to southern Chiapas. Specimens are known from Guerrero: El Limoncito (near La Venta), Xaltianguis; Oaxaca: Cafetal Concordia, Mirador; Chiapas: Tonalé, La Esperanza (near Escuintla). Order CAUDATA Oppel Caudata Oprrt, Ordnung, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien . . ., 1811, p. 72. KEY TO MEXICAN SUBORDERS OF CAUDATA 1. No teeth in upper or lower jaw’; body greatly elongated; hind limbs absent; permanent larvae, with gills throughout life_____- Meantes (p. 5) Teeth in upper and/or lower jaws 7; fore and hind limbs present-------- 2 Zee Larasphenoid. teeth present..._.-.=..--.-_=------+--s-<-s--5-<-<< 3 Paraspuenoia” teeth absent..=-—2—-2===2 2 2+)-= Ambystomoidea (p. 6) BerNOmnasotmbial: gTOOVE-.2-2..----—=25-3524<-4- Salamandroidea (p. 14) ASMSSOlapial OTOOV Cs. = moose ee ee oe Plethodontoidea (p. 16) Suborder MEANTES Linnaeus Meantes LinnaEvs, Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, pt. 2, 1766 (unpaged). Family SIRENIDAE;Gray Sirenidae (part) Gray, Ann. !Philos., ser. 2, vol. 10, 1825, p. 216; Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia of the British Museum,{1850, p. 68. 7 Excluding palate. 6 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Genus SIREN Linnaeus Siren LinnarEus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, pt. 2, 1766, addenda (unpaged). Genotype.—Siren lacertina Linnaeus. Range.—District of Columbia southward through Florida and west- ward along the Gulf coast to Matamoros, Tamaulipas; northward in the valley of the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan. Species.—Three forms, two of them subspecies of S. intermedia, comprise this genus; one enters Mexico. SIREN INTERMEDIA NETTINGI Goin Siren intermedia nettingi Goin, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 29, 1942, pp. 211-217. Type.—Carnegie Mus. No. 7580. Type locality.—Imboden, Lawrence County, Ark. Range.—‘‘Southern Louisiana northward to southern Illinois and Indiana, west and south to Maverick Co., Texas, and northern Tamau- lipas, Mexico.’ Known in Mexico only from Matamoros, Tamau- lipas. Suborder AMBYSTOMOIDEA Noble Ambystomoidea Nostez, The biology of the Amphibia, 1931, p. 471. Family AMBYSTOMIDAE Hallowell Ambystomidae HALLOWELL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 3, 1858, p. 338. KEY TO MEXICAN GENERA OF AMBYSTOMIDAE & 1. Permanent larva (neotenic) in nature Normal transformation to adult form (possible exception of Rhyacosiredon zempoalaensis, Ambystoma fluvinatum, and Ambysioma rosaceum)__-_-_ 3 2. Three phalanges in fourth toe; digits short; the proximal phalanges, at least, included in a web; gill branches with filaments to near base; 8 to 10 gill rakers on anterior face of third arch; presumably incapable of trans- POLINA LION ese ete we ee te cco ere Bathysiredon (p. 7) Four phalanges in fourth toe; digits elongate and unwebbed; 12 gill rakers on the anterior face of third arch; capable of artificial transformation, or in case of lermaensis at least occasionally transformation may take BlACGe soe es Be es Rs SA ew Ok See ere ae ee ec Siredon (p. 7) 3. Adults retaining vomerine teeth in a modified larval form; premaxillary POCCM LOSE OS wie Ni See aire a Aad eaten plate wih ates Rhyacosiredon (p. 8) Vomerine teeth arranged with the pterygopalatine teeth to form a trans- verse or slightly arched series near level of choanae; premaxillary teeth TOCA C= sce 2 es ae a epee ee ee ara eae ee ae aor Ambystoma (p. 10) 8 The preparation of usable keys to the genera and species of the Ambystomidae is especially difficult owing to the fact that one genus is known only from neotenic larvae, while other genera contain some species known only from adults and others known only from larvae. ® There is a slight deposition of keratin within the mouth but no horny beak is present, as described by Dunn in the generic description, at any age. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 7 Genus BATHYSIREDON Dunn Bathysiredon Dunn, Not. Nat., No. 36, 1939, p. 1. Genotype.—Siredon dumerilit Dugés. Range.—Known only from Lake Pétzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico. Species.—One. | BATHYSIREDON DUMERILIT (Dugés) Siredon Dumerilii Duais,! La Naturaleza, vol. 1, 1870, pp. 241-244, pl. 5a, figs. 1-13.—Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 426-427. Bathysiredon dumerilii Dunn, Not. Nat., No. 36, 1939, p. 1. Type.—U.S.N.M. Nos. 16201-16202 (?) (cotypes). Type locality —Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacén, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality, Lake Patzcuaro, 2,055 m. elevation. Genus SIREDON Wasgier Siredon WaGuER, Natiirliches System der Amphibien, 1830, pp. 209-210; Deserip- tiones et icones amphibiorum, 1830, pl. 20. Avolotes OwrEN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 14, 1844, p. 23 (genotype Avzoloies gutiata Owen=Gyrinus mexicanus Shaw). Genotype.—Siredon axolotl Cuvier=Gyrinus mexicanus Shaw. Range.—The ancient lakes of the southern Mexican plateau: Lakes Lerma, Xochimilco, and Chalco. Species.—Two. KEY TO SPECIES OF SIREDON 1. Larvae dark gray with numerous dark or black spots; artificially trans- formed adults blackish with large yellow spots__------ mexicanum (p. 7) Larvae uniformly dark blackish or grayish black, lighter below; normally transformed adults grayish or olive-black, lighter be- 1 tee ee BEER SS bee 2 ee esp A er lermaensis (p. 8) SIREDON MEXICANUM (Shaw) 1! Gyrinus mexicanus Suaw, Nat. Mise., vol. 9, 1789, pls. 3438, 344. Siredon mexicanum Bairp, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 1, 1849, p. 292—Smiru, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., zool. ser., vol. 24, 1939, pp. 16-17.—Tayutor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 424-425, pl. 45, fig. 3. Siren pisciformis SHaw, Gen. Zool., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1802, p. 612, pl. 140. Siredon axolotl Wacusr, Natiirliches System der Amphibien, 1830, p. 209. Azolotes guitata OwErn, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 14, 1844, p. 23 (lake near Mexico City; types unknown). 10 It is presumed that this species has become extinct owing to the introduction of exotic game and food fishes. 1 Sir. [edon] lich. [enoides] alba Dugés (La Naturaleza, vol. 1, 1869, p. 145) isa nomen nudum whose identity should not be guessed. 8 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Siredon humboldtii Dumér1t, Brsron, and Dumérit, Erpétologie générale, vol. 9, 1854, pp. 177-181 (lake near Mexico City; types probably in Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris). Gyrinus edulis Duméri, Brsron, and Dumérin, Erpétologie générale, vol. 9, 1854, p. 178 (types and type locality same as preceding). Lusus aquarum Dumérit, Brsron, and Dumériz, Erpétologie générale, vol. 9, 1854, p. 178 (types and type locality as preceding). Piscis ludricus Dumérin, Brsron, and Dumférit, Erpétologie générale, vol. 9, 1854, p. 178 (type and type locality as preceding). Type.—Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Type locality —Meéxico, Mexico. Range.—Valley of Mexico. Recorded from Lakes Xochimilco and Chalco. SIREDON LERMAENSIS Taylor Siredon lermaensis Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 427-430, pl. 48.—Taytor and Smrru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 525-526. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 22578. Type locality—Lake Lerma, east of Toluca, México, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. Genus RHYACOSIREDON Dunn Rhyacosiredon Dunn, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 10, 1928, pp. 85-86. Genotype.—Amblystoma altamirani Dugés. Range.—The high mountains at the southern edge of the main Mexican plateau. Species.—Four. KEY TO SPECIES OF RHYACOSIREDON Aduits 1. Tail about as long as body (less than 5 percent longer); elevation of tail in tail length 3.8 to 5 times; pterygopalatine-vomerine series average about 18 teeth on each side; maxillary-premaxillary teeth about 31 on each side; when limbs are adpressed, toes touch elbow_-_-_-_-_ rivularis (p. 9) Tail longer than head and body by more than 5 percent; elevation of tail IN Garten et ne fr omy GHG 9) Gini es meee ae eae ee ee a 2 2. Mouth strongly papillate; toes not reaching elbow of adpressed limb. leorae (p. 9) Mouth not obviously papillate; toes of adpressed limbs reaching elbows or beyond eres 8 a Ah ese hone Nee 2 nee rere een mea altamirani (p. 9) Larvae 1. Lips and tips of toes whitish or cream; body nearly uniformly colored (knownt only: from larvac) 42-4 ee ee ee zempoalaensis (p. 9) Lips and tips of toes not whitish; body dark, strongly mottled with CEB RI eae eee e rivularis, leorae, altamirani (p. 9) CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 9 RHYACOSIREDON RIVULARIS Taylor Rhyacosiredon rivularis Taytor, Herpetologica, vol. 1, 1940, pp. 171-176, pl. 17, fig. 1. Type.—EHT-HMS No. 16388. Type locality.—13 kilometers west of Villa Victoria, México, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. RHYACOSIREDON LEORAE Taylor Rhyacosiredon leorae Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 29, 1943, pp. 345-347, pl. 26, fig. 3. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 22560. Type locality —Near Rio Frio, México. Range.—Known only from the type locality, a small stream, Rio Frio, which passes through a village of the same name in the state of México, at a point only a few hundred meters from the México- Puebla border, then flows into the state of Puebla after about a kilo- meter. The species occurs certainly in both states. RHYACOSIREDON ALTAMIRANI (Dugés) Amblystoma altamirani Ducks, Description d’un axolotl des Montagues de las Cruces (Amblysioma altamirani, A. Dugés), 1895, pp. 1-6, 1 pl., figs. 1-8.— SmitaH and Necker, Anal. Ese. Nac. Cienc. Biol., vol. 3, 1943, pp. 183-185, pl. 1, figs. 2-3. Rhyacosiredon altamirani Dunn, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 10, 1928, pp. 85, 86.—Tartor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1938 (1939), pp. 262- 263, pl. 24, fig. 2; Herpetologica, vol. 1, 1940, p. 176, pl. 17, fig. 2. Type.—Museo Alfredo Dugés, Guanajuato, México (6 cotypes). Type locality —Manantial de los Axolotes, Serrania de las Cruces, Valle de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico. Range.—High mountains of central Mexico, southern Distrito Federal, and northern Morelos. Known or recorded from numerous localities in the Ajusco Mountains. Known from Distrito Federal: Manantial de los Axolotes, Desierto de los Leones, Cafiada de Contre- ras; Morelos and Mézco:" Lagunas de Zempoala. RHYACOSIREDON ZEMPOALAENSIS Taylor and Smith Rhyacosiredon zempoalaensis Taytor and Smiru, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 527-529. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 116617. Type locality—One of the nearly dry lake beds of the Zempoala lakes, Morelos, Mexico. Range.—Known only from type locality. 12 The ‘‘Lakes of Zempoala’’ are at the México-Morelos border; undoubtedly the species occurs on both sides of the boundary. 10 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Genus AMBYSTOMA Tschudi Ambystoma Tscuup1, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, vol. 2, 1838, p. 92. Sirenodon Drsor, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. NeuchAtel, vol. 8, 1870, p. 269 (genotype, Sirenodon lichenoides Desor=Siredon lichenoides Baird= Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium Baird). Genotype.—Ambystoma subviolacea Tschudi= Ambystoma maculatum Shaw. Range.—Extreme southeastern Alaska, James Bay, and Labrador southward to the edge of the central plateau in Mexico; apparently not in Baja California. Species.—Twenty-eight forms are recognized, 6 of which are sub- species of A. tigrinum; 11 occur in Mexico. KEY TO MEXICAN SPECIES OF AMBYSTOMA Known as transformed adults 1. Small species (maximum known snout-to-vent measurement 62 mm.); adpressed limbs separated by three costal folds; vomeropalatine teeth 16-16; maxillary-premaxillary teeth in more than a single series, the outer containing about 40 teeth on each side; tail about 70 percent of head=bodynlenptho 42 2os ate ee ee eee schmidti (p. 18) Larger species; snout-to-vent measurement exceeding 60 mm___-_----- 2 2. Body of adults uniformly colored on dorsal and lateral surfaces_-_------ 3 Body not uniformly colored on sides and dorsum_-_-_----------------- 4 Grayish black or plumbeous above and on sides; larvae with three rows of small cream spots marking Jateral-line system; caudal fin present, in adults, nearly as wide as fleshy part of tail; skin not especially smooth-42 se oe eee Pe ae eee el ordinarium (p. 18) Body of adults uniform grayish brown or lavender-brown, a little lighter below; toes reaching wrist when limbs are adpressed; tail without distinct dorsal fin, about 75 percent snout-to-vent length; maxillary- premaxillary teeth about 55-55; vomerine teeth 15-17; palatine teeth 10-12, the two series separate; skin especially smooth and shining; larvae “unknowns! te 2. SP eie.. 20. eerie bombypelium (p. 138) 4, Body uniform blackish above with an irregular row of cream spots or an irregular cream stripe low on sides; caudal fin reduced to a fine ridge; adpressed limbs overlap the length of hand; vomeropalatine teeth almost continuous, 31-37 on each side; maxillary-premaxillary series 70-80 on each side; tail about 72 percent of snout-to-vent Veen a ae ey rae le amblycephalum (p. 13) Body not uniformly dark above. =2-22-2--9-2-— =e. eee 5 oo CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO Body black with more or less symmetrical rounded cream marks on head and body and a median series on compressed tail; tail short, about 62 percent snout to vent; maxillary-premaxillary teeth 56 on each side; a total of 55 vomeropalatine teeth in a continuous series; larvae large, golden yellow with numerous black spots; fleshy part of tale sapvenuated.— 2. 222 oo. SU phe bald Ne cepa subsalsum (p. mody Tot wnanked)as;desctibed. $2 a7 248 See Bt Olive-gray, with numerous, vertical, blackish dark bars on sides of odyeand Giallo See ee ee eae has tigrinum proserpine (p. Not olive-gray or with numerous vertical, blackish dark bars on sides of body and tail nadalnmilow:: 4irohel S260 2 4. 28-6 3 ee rosaceum (p. Body with brownish or blackish pigment on a greenish-yellow ground color; caudal fin low, arising at tail base¥’___________ fluvinatum (p. AMBYSTOMA SUBSALSUM Taylor Ambystoma subsalsum Taytor, Copeia, Oct. 15, 19438, pp. 151-156, figs. 1-3. Type.—_KHT-HMS No. 22139. Type locality—Lake Alchichica, Puebla. Range.—Type locality. AMBYSTOMA VELASCI Dugés he 11) 14) 12) 12) 11) 13) 14) Stredon Tigrina Veuasco, La Naturaleza, vol. 4, 1879, pp. 212-236, pls. 7-9 (preoccupied by Salamandra tigrina Green, 1825= Ambystoma tigrinum). Amblystoma velasci Ducks, La Naturaleza, ser. 2, vol. 1, 1888, p. 142 (substitute name for Siredon Tigrina Velasco). Ambystoma tigrinum velasci Dunn, Copeia, 1940, p. 157 (part). Ambystoma velasci TayLor and Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 531-532, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4. 13 It is not certain whether the known specimens of rosacewm are relatively as old as those of jluvinatum. gi BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Ambystoma tigrinum velascoi LaAFRENTz,“4 Abh. Ber. Mus. Magdeburg, vol. 6, 1930, pp. 105-114, pl. 2, figs. 2-3, pl. 3, fig. 3 (Lakes Texcoco and Zumpango; type locality restricted here to Lake Texcoco; apparently no types desig- nated, Type.—FProbably none preserved. Type locality.—Laguna Santa Isabel, near Guadalupe Hidalgo, Dis- trito Federal, Mexico. Range.—High plateau region in Puebla and México. Known or recorded from Puebla: La Virgin (Kilometer 224) between Puebla and Tehuacén; Mézico: San Diego, Santa Magdalena; Distrito Federal: Atzacualco. AMBYSTOMA GRANULOSUM Taylor Ambystoma granulosum Tayuor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 30, 1944, pp. 57-61, pl. 8, figs. 1-3. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 29805. Type locality.—Kilometer 74, about 12 miles northwest of Toluca, México, Mexico. Range.—Known only from immediate region about type locality. AMBYSTOMA LACUSTRIS Taylor and Smith Ambystoma lacustris TayLor and SmitH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 532-534, pl. 18, figs. 1-2. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 117410. Type locality —Lake Zumpango, México, Mexico. Range.—Lake Zumpango. 14 Determination of the author of this name is perhaps an academic matter. Heretofore Wolterstorff has generally been considered as the author, since he on page 132 of the same publication, in a separate article “Zur Systematik und Biologie der Urodelen Mexikos” names and describes an “‘Ambystoma tigrinum subsp. velascoi Wolt.’? Mowever, in an article (‘‘Untersuchungen tiber die Lebensgeschichte mexikanischer Ambystoma-Arten”’) which precedes Wolterstorff’s Lafrentz (p. 105) cites the name ‘“‘Ambystoma tigrinum velascoi subsp. n.”’ and proceeds to describe the race well enough to permit at least recognition and retention ofthe name. Neither author, it may be noted, citesatype. Technically, for that reason, neither description need be accepted, although we hesitate to follow the rules so Closely. However, on page 145 a “‘Richtigstellung”’ states that ‘Ambystoma tigrinum velascoi subsp. n.’’ should read “Ambystoma tigrinum velascoi Wolt.’’ There can be no question that the original proposal of A. t. velascoi isin Lafrentz’s article. We believe, moreover, that he, not Wolterstorfi, should be regarded as the author—the correction on page 145 notwith- standing—for the following reason. The description was, obviously, written by Lafrentz; the treatment is much different from that which Wolterstorff gives, and there is no indication whatever that it isa quotation from any ms. of Wolterstorff. Although it may be ‘clear from the contents of the publication that some other person . . .” (i. e., in this case, Wolterstorff) “*. . is responsible for said name . . ”’, definitely it is quite apparent that he is not responsible for ‘‘. . . its indication, definition, or description.’’ (All quotes from art. 21, Intern. Rules Zool. Nomen.) | i | i : CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 13 AMBYSTOMA SCHMIDTI Taylor Ambystoma schmidti Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1938 (1939), pp. 263-264, pl. 26, fig. 1. Type—EKHT-HMS No. 3999. Type locality—10 miles east of San Martin (Asuncién) at Rancho Guadalupe, México, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. AMBYSTOMA AMBLYCEPHALUM Taylor Ambystoma amblycephala Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 420-421, pl. 45, fig. 2—Tayor and Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 530-531. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 16443. Type locality —15 kilometers west of Morelia, Michoacén, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. AMBYSTOMA ORDINARIUM Taylor Ambystoma ordinaria Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 422-424, pl. 46, figs. 1, 2, 3. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 16367. Type locality —4 miles west of El Mirador, near Puerto Hondo, Michoacan, Mexico, elevation about 9,000 feet. Range.—Known only from type locality. AMBYSTOMA BOMBYPELLUM Taylor Ambystoma sp. Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1938 (1939), pl. 24, meer. Ambystoma bombypella Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 418-420, pl. 45, fig. 1. Type -—EKHT-HMS No. 3997. Type locality —Near Rancho Guadalupe, 14 kilometers east of San Martin (Asuncién), México, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. AMBYSTOMA ROSACEUM Taylor Azolotes maculata OwEN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 14, 1844, p. 23, 1 fig. (non Lacerta maculata Shaw, General zoology, vol. 3, 1802, p. 304; type, Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 41-6-18, 35, from Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, lat. 26°6’ N., long. 106°50’ W.). Siredon Harlanii DumériL, Bipron, and Dumfrit, Erpétologie générale, vol. 9, 1854, pp. 181-182, pl. 95, figs. 1, 1A (part: only the synonymic reference to Azolotes maculata Owen; restricted by Bishop (in press) to the specimens from the vicinity of Spring Lake, N. Mex. [= Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium)). Ambystoma rosaceum Taytor, Copeia, Sept. 30, 1941, pp. 143-144, figs. 1A, 1B. Type —EHT-HMS Neo. 23054. Type locality —Mojarachic, Chihuahua, Mexico. Range.—Known only from type locality. 757435—48——-2 14 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM : AMBYSTOMA FLUVINATUM Taylor Ambystoma flurinatum Taytor, Copeia, Sept. 30, 1941, pp. 144-146, figs. 2A, 2B. Type.-—EHT-HMS No. 25383. Type locality —Mojarachic, Chihuahua, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. AMBYSTOMA TIGRINUM PROSERPINE Baird and Girard Ambystoma proserpine Barrp and Girarp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, 1852, p. 173. Amblystoma proserpina BatrD, Report on the United States and Mexican Bound- ary Survey, vol. 2, Reptiles, 1859, p. 29, pl. 35, figs. 7-14. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 4082 (6 cotypes). Type locality Salado |River], 4 miles east of San Antonio, Texas; and enroute “from Montgomery, Mexico.” Range.—Southern Texas and adjoming northern Mexico. Re- corded from Mexico only, possibly, ‘fon the route from Montgomery, Mexico.”’ 15 Suborder SALAMANDROIDEA Noble Salamandroidea Nosx£, The biology of the Amphibia, 1931, p. 473. Family SALAMANDRIDAE Gray Salamandridae Gray, Ann. Philos., new ser., vol. 10, 1825, p. 215. KEY TO MEXICAN GENERA OF SALAMANDRIDAE 1 1. Head flat, lacking dorsal keels; body unspotted, with numerous well- defined tubercles; fingers and toes relatively short-..._-_._ Taricha (p. 14) Head with two dorsal crests; middle fingers elongate___ Diemictylus (p. 15) Genus TARICHA Gray Taricha Gray, Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia of the British Museum, 1850, p. 25. Genotype.—Triton torosus Eschscholtz. Range.—Pacific North America, British Columbia, and possibly southeastern Alaska to northwestern Baja California. Species.—Seven forms are recognized, of which three are considered as subspecies of 7’. granulosus; only one enters Mexico. 18 At least some of the several records of Ambystoma tigrinum from northern and northwestern Mexico probably are referable to this race. Since, however, we have been unable to determine with desirable accuracy the range of this or any other race of Ambystoma tigrinwm reported or expected from northern Mexico we do not allocate the uncertain locality records. 16 We follow the work of various European taxonomists, including Wolterstorff and Herre, in segregating American genera of this family. Evidence supporting such an arrangement has been gathered by the exhaustive researches of Barbara Leonard at the University of Rochester and is in preparation for pub- lication. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 15 TARICHA KLAUBERI Wolterstorff Taricha torosa klauberi WourEerstorrr, Blatt. Aquar. Terrarienk., vol. 46, 1935, pp. 179-184, figs. a, b. Triturus torosus klaubert StEINEGER and Barsour, Checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles, ed. 5, 19438, p. 7. Triturus pax Bisuop, Handbook of salamanders, 19438, pp. 80-82, fig. 20, map 6. Type.—Magdeburg Mus.? Type locality.—Boulder Creek, San Diego County, Calif. Range.—Extreme southwestern California and northwestern Baja California. Recorded from San Andreas and Keller, in Baja Califor- nia. Genus DIEMICTYLUS Rafinesque Diemictylus Ra¥FInESQUE, Ann. Nature, No. 22, 1820, p. 5. Genotype.—Dremictylus viridescens Rafinesque. Range.—The Gaspé Peninsula of Ontario westward to Minnesota and southward through Florida and the Atlantic Coast of Mexico to southeastern San Luis Potosi. Species.—Six forms are recognized, three of which are subspecies of D. viridescens; two occur in Mexico. KEY TO MEXICAN SPECIES OF DIEMICTYLUS 1. Olive above and yellow below; all surfaces with relatively large, round, black spoltss-2=22-- Bees ae ee eee eee ee meridionalis (p. 15) Above gray-brown with small black dots and numerous citron-yellow SpOtsice ne 38 eee oe aoc See eee ee kallerti (p. 15) DIEMICTYLUS MERIDIONALIS Cope Diemictylus miniatus meridionalis Corr, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 17, 1880, p. 30. Triturus meridionalis Dunn, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 62, 1918, p. 452.— Bisnorp, Handbook of salamanders, 1943, pp. 82-86, frontis., fig. 21, map 5. Type.—U.S.N.M. (jfide Cope, loc. cit.).” Type locality —Matamoros, Tamaulipas, and “tributaries of the Medina River and southward.” Type locality here restricted to Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Range.—Southern Texas, in the United States; northeastern Ta- maulipas in Mexico. Recorded from Matamoros in Tamaulipas. DIEMICTYLUS KALLERTI Wolterstorff Diemyctylus kallerti Woutrrersrorrr, Abh. Ber. Mus. Magdeburg, vol. 6, 1930, pp. 147-149, pl. 3, fig. 1, and text figs. 12, 13. T(riturus) kallerti Smirn, Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 15, 1934, p. 407. 17 “The first specimen of this form which I met with was sent to the Smithsonian Institution from Mata- moras, Mexico.” Cope (U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 34, 1889, p. 213) cites two specimens, uncataloged, from Matamoros, and three from “‘San Diego.’’ None are cited from the “tributaries of the Medina River.” We herewith restrict the type locality to Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Dr. Doris Cochran reports (January 1947) that the type or types cannot now be found in the U. S. National Museum. 16 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Type.—Museum Magdeburg, NV, 44/29, Ex. Nr. 1. Type locality—Tampico, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Northern Veracruz and eastern San Luis Potosi. Recorded from the type locality and Villa Juarez, San Luis Potosi. PLETHODONTOIDEA, new suborder This group consists of the families Desmognathidae and Pletho- dontidae. Family PLETHODONTIDAE Gray Plethodontidae Gray, Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia of the British Museum, 1850, p. 31 (part). KEY TO MEXICAN SUBFAMILIES OF PLETHODONTIDAE 1. Tarsals and carpals well ossified; a strong groove from eye to lip. Thoriinae (p. 16) Tarsals and carpals normally cartilage '8; no groove from eye to lip. Plethodontinae (p. 18) Subfamily THORIINAE Cope Thoriidae Corr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 21, 1869, pp. 110-111. Thoriinae Coprgr, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 31, 1893, p. 334 (part). Genus THORIUS Cope Thorius Cork, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 21, 1869, p. 111.—Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 30, 1944, pp. 228-229. Genotype.— Thorius pennatulus Cope. Range.—Mountains at the extreme southeastern edge of the main Mexican plateau, in Veracruz and Puebla; the high mountains of central Oaxaca. Species.—F ive. KEY TO MEXICAN SPECIES OF THORIUS 1. Nostril large, oval, greatly elongated, nearly twice as long as wide; foot and hand broadened, the digital tips more or less pointed; premaxillary teeth apparently never piercing upper lip in males-_----_- pulmonaris (p. 17) Nostril large, round or oval, never greatly elongated____....---------- 2 2. Nostril very large, circular; digits pointed; usually a single premaxillary tooth piercing lip; subnarial swelling pendant; submental gland very MISbINGt oo 2 oo es Sea See ae ae ee es eee pennatulus (p. 17) Nostrils large, oval; digits rounded at tips; one or two premaxillary teeth piercing lip; subnarial swelling not pendant____-.-------------- 3 18 Dunn, in ‘“The Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae,’’ 1926, p. 45, mentions a cleared and stained Plethodon glutinosus that shows ossified carpals and tarsals. I have examined numerous specimens of the genus and find the carpals and tarsals to be cartilage, which disintegrates in rotting out the skeletons of preserved specimens. P, glutinosus may be an exception. I have not examined very old specimens of this form.—E. H. T. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 17 3. Skin of head smooth or with only a faint trace of pitting; the upper ex- tension of hyoid (epibranchial) reaches level of arm insertion; usually a single tooth piercing lip; body and tail more or less compressed _dubitus (p.17) Skin of head usually more or less pitted; upper extension of hyoid (epi- branchial) usually extending to at least posterior level of arm or farther; body not compressed, but rounded or somewhat flattened; tail more or hese re yunuricum at“bases. 3 205 Soul LoL Pe ee ipa eee 4 4, Larger; maximum snout-to-vent length 32 mm.; head and body strongly pitted; three premaxillary teeth pierce lip; nostril larger; about 35 caudal grooves in full-grown specimen; found above ground under bark DIL IR POP Serre eS Se ee narisovalis (p. 18) Smaller; maximum snout-to-vent length about 26 mm.; head and body usually dimly (rarely distinctly) pitted; usually one, rarely two, pre- maxillary teeth pierce lip; nostril proportionally smaller; about 40 caudal grooves; dorsum lighter; found under rocks or in cavities in eliy animal burrowsyete.< 25S Os SSC Sola o2Le troglodytes (p.18) THORIUS PULMONARIS Taylor Thorius pulmonaris Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 411-414, text figs. 3, 4. Type—EHT-HMS No. 16684. Type locality —Cerro San Felipe, about 12 kilometers northeast of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the vicinity of the type locality; Cerro ~ San Luis. THORIUS PENNATULUS Cope Thorius pennatribus [Corr], Amer. Nat., 1869, p. 222 (typographical error for T. pennatulus [nomen nudum], see Cope, type description). Thorius pennatulus Corr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 21, 1869, pp. 111-112.—Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, pp. 105-107, pl. 3, fig. 5. Spelerpes minimus WiEpERSHEIM (Spengel?), Morph. Jahrb., vol. Snel Sats Ds 544 (“Vera Cruz”; probably no types in existence). Type.—Originally U. S. N. M. No. 6341, now lost. Neotype, U. S. N. M. No. 111017, Cuautlapan (near Orizaba), Veracruz. Type locality —‘‘Orizava,” Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Known from low mountains (3,000 feet more or less) in the region about and below Orizaba in Veracruz. Recorded from Orizaba and Cuautlapan, Veracruz. THORIUS DUBITUS Taylor Thorius pennatulus Taytor (nec Cope), Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1940, pp. 414-416 (part), pl. 47, fig. B. Thorius dubitus Tayyor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, pp. 108-110, pl. 3, fig. 3. Type -—EHT—HMS No. 17751. Type locality Two miles south of Acultzingo, Veracruz, Mexico. 18 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Range.—High mountain crests (—7,000 feet) in eastern central Veracruz. Specimens recorded from the type locality, and from nearby localities in Puebla. THORIUS NARISOVALIS Taylor Thorius narisovalis TayLor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1989 (1940), pp. 416-418, pl. 47, fig. 3. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 17859. Type locality—Cerro San Felipe, 15 kilometers northeast of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, elevation 2,600 to 3,000 meters. Range.—Known from the vicinity of the type locality (including Cerro San Luis) and Reyes, Oaxaca. THORIUS TROGLODYTES Taylor Thorius pennatulus TayLor (nee Cope), Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1988 (1939), pp. 293-294; vol. 26, 1939 (1940, pp. 414-416 (part), pl. 47, fig. A. Thorius troglodytes Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, pp. 110-112, pl. 3, fig. 4—Taytor and Smita, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, p. 535, pl. 19. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 17791. Type locality —Two miles south of Acultzingo, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Known from the type locality and immediately adjacent areas in the state of Puebla, at an elevation of about 7,000 feet. Subfamily PLETHODONTINAE Boulenger Plethodontinae BouLENGER, Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia of the British Museum, ed. 2, 1882, p. 51. KEY TO MEXICAN GENERA OF PLETHODONTINAE 1. Tongue attached in front; septomaxillae present____.__..._.__.._-_--__-_- 2 Tongue boletoid, free; one premaxilla; bony septomaxilla usually if not invariablyabsemb2. = tep8_ 3A. Se ee ok eee ee Vocal sacs present, the toes blunt, slightly swollen at tip; large super- numerary tubercles present on soles and palms, 8 or 9 on former, 5 or 6 on latter; no inguinal gland evident; an intertympanic fold usually DICSON G2 22 2 SA ek an Se First finger longer than second; inner metatarsal tubercle compressed, very large, about equal to length of first toe; outer tubercle about one-fifth of inner; some rather indistinct supernumerary tubercles on sole; no outer palmar tubercle; vomerine teeth well developed; male with vocal sac; gonadal membranes white; heel to nostril; heels over- Revs AD nas ee agg hs ees hae Seine wiaewep ee ae occidentalis (p. First finger shorter than (rarely equal to) second; inner metatarsal tubercle not compressed; vocal sac absent__.-__..._....--.-1-__.1_- Heels not touching when legs are folded; heel to eye; inner metatarsal tubercle very large, broad oval-conical, very little shorter than first toe; outer tubercle one-fifth of inner; supernumerary tubercles obsolete on sole, present on palm; small outer palmar tubercle present, touching median; vomerine teeth small, weak; gonadal membranes white; skin above minutely granular; abdomen coarsely granular; ventral disk not reaching femur; no tubercles on outer part of tarsus; 42 mm. calcitrans (p. Heels overlapping when legs are folded; belly smooth_______.________- 61) 61) 61) 61) 61) 9 18 10 13 62) 11 62) 12 12. 13. 15. 16. £7. 18. 19. 20. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO Outer metatarsal tubercle one-third or more of inner; a few tubercles on outer edge of tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle smaller and more elon- gate-oval than that of preceding species; large, outer palmar tubercle partly fused to median; digits very slightly dilated at tips, without transverse grooves; vomerine teeth reduced or absent; some variable dorsal ridges, the skin usually granular; vomerine teeth reduced (or occasionally absent); testicular membranes white; 40 mm. mexicanus (p. No tubercles on tarsus; tips of digits widened into small disks with trans- verse grooves; heel much beyond tip of snout; heels overlapping much when legs are folded; vomerine teeth small, weak; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, rather small, less than three-fifths length of inner toe; outer palmar tubercle fused to median; ventral disk distinct; gonadal membranes black, inguinal gland yellowish (perhaps referable to Micro- Gainchyius) mittee ho eo obo Lee seer sold eee saltator (p Heavy toadlike forms with or without a tarsal fold; a strongly defined VemunslaGis Kkaea eee ee See oS ee Saeco e peas eee see Smaller, slender froglike forms, lacking a tarsal fold; the head as wide as body; ventral disk present but not strongly defined; more or less areo- late, rough or striated; heel to between eye and nostril__------------ A sharp-edged tarsal fold; a small web between the toes; head very wide; a small outer metatarsal tubercle; a large protuberant inner; 74 mm. laticeps (p. No trace of a tarsal fold; no trace of webbing between toes___--------- Limbs short; heel to tympanum; heels widely separated when legs are folded (7 mm.); skin above minutely corrugated, without tubercles; outer metatarsal tubercle three-quarters of inner; tympanum about three-fifths of eye diameter; eyelid greater than interorbital distance; 7 SU Peerage pee SS en aaa eee cactorum (p. Limbs longer; heel to eye; heels touch or overlap a little when limbs are folded; eyelid less than interorbital space_-__----------------------- Tympanum two-thirds to four-fifths diameter of eye; dorsal surface NiMmoOothe POU amM=—— ==. -------+--------==------= latrans (p. Tympanum scarcely one-half diameter of eye; dorsal surface rough, pranuiate sO mam 22-02) 2-2 =~ - se 5 aa- --=--Se- ee augusti (p. An intratympanic fold; skin smoother, median palmar tubercle narrowed, elongate; limbs strongly barred with double white lines; 44 mm. bolivari (p. No intratympanic fold; supernumerary tubercles on hand very large; skin rougher, tubercular; median palmar tubercle not strongly nar- rowed; hind limbs not barred with double white lines; 43 mm. tarahumaraensis (p. MaduntinetciarsnitGlder 6 2402 2-3 £2 2b Sono ben Sao eae A tubercle present on tarsus instead of a fold_----------------------- A mere vestige of a web between toes; edges of canthus rostralis sharp; a pair of sinuous dorsal ridges from eye to rump, nearest together at middle of body; tips of toes scarcely dilated; no distinct tarsal fold; Materia oe eee ec a nas matudai (p. A small distinct web present between toes; edges of canthus not elevated_ A vocal sac present in males; tubercles in occipital region tending to form a W-shaped pattern; toe disks rounder, wider than fingers; first and sec- ond fingers subequal; toes one-third webbed; a slight, narrow, elongate tarsal fold extends half length of tarsus; 57.5 mm_-_------- vocalis (p. Vocal sae wanting in males__--------------------------------"----" 59 62) . 63) 14 17 63) 15 63) 16 63) 63) 64) 64) 19 23 64) 21 60 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 21. Heel reaches much beyond tip of snout__-----.----------.---2.----- 22 Heel reaches tip of snout; toes about one-fourth webbed; an elevated tarsal fold about two-thirds length of tarsus; first finger longer than second; (72 mim se sa by ee ee Ee ee rugulosus (p. 65) 22. Very large species; tarsal fold low, runs halfway to heel; first and second fingers about equal; tympanum three-fifths eye in female; canthus rosiralis: distinct} 93:nmmi_es.430 ora. Tei ee ee natator (p. 65) Smaller species; tarsal fold greatly elevated, forming a free fringe, four- fifths length of tarsus; first finger longer than second; toes between one- third and one-half webbed; 51 mm_-______-------------- avocalis (p. 65) 23. A white, black-edged stripe on upper jaw; 37 mm____-______ beatae (p. 65) Normally no white, black-edged stripe on upper lip (rarely present in PONUStUS) Hilal Bole Lee SRE, isa aE seed OEY a ey eet eee 24 24. A pair of dorsolateral lines from corners of eye converging somewhat on rump, enclosing a uniform fawn-colored area; a pair of black dots on OCciput 3 Ome eee eee Se ee dorsoconcolor (p. 66) Net, the above,patterns = 2.022 S05 ose eee ee eee ee 25 25. A pair of dorsal ridges forming an hourglass pattern, me area between, and somewhat overlapping the ridges, deep purple; or 4 to 6 ridges, a pair reaching tip efssnout soo ames ss see sae See eee venustus (p. 66) Pattern:notiasiabove! aus she mi Laue Maree ye uleyt teresa ee ies Dee 26 26. Dorsolateral lines from corners of eyes cross on the shoulders forming an X-shaped pattern; a pair of black dots in middle of back; almost uniform clay to cream-white above; 27 mm_______-- macdougalli (p. 66) Not the above patterns me scar a te Seep eek fap eee eer 2 27. Similar to above but the ridges coming closer together where they meet two tubercles, then continue back rather narrowly separated; very variable in color but usually loreal black stripe and an angular spot above tym- PORTE ES EN os anes ep eh hed ly San ney Sa rhodopis (p. 66) Not the above pattern; ridges arising more medially than eye corner and not coming so close together on shoulders, extending back a variable distance; variable color pattern; 38 mm____-.------------ dunni (p. 67) ELEUTHERODACTYLUS ALFREDI (Boulenger) ? Hylodes conspicillatus Broccui, Mission scientifique au. Mexique et dans V Amérique centrale, pt. 3, sect. 2, livr. 2, 1882, p. 59 (nec Hylodes conspicil- latus Gunther, 1858). Hylodes alfredi BouLENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1898, pp. 480-481, pl. 39, five Eleutherodactylus alfredi Kmiuoce, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 94-95, 99-100.—TayYtor and Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, p. 566, Type.—(Cotypes) Brit. Mus. Nos. 98.2.19.1 and 98.4.7.1. Type locality —Atoyac, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Central eastern Veracruz. Reported from Orizaba, Atoyac, and Cuautlapan in Veracruz. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS CONSPICUUS Taylor and Smith Eleutherodactylus conspicuus TayLor and Smitn, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 567-569, fig. 60A. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 61 Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 116509. Type locality.—Piedras Negras, Guatemala, practically on Mexico- Guatemala border. Range.—Known only from the type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS SPATULATUS Smith Eleutherodactylus spatulatus Situ, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 52, 1939, pp. 187-190, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5—Tayzor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 28, 1942, p. 304, pl. 27, figs. 6, 7, 11. Type.—U.S.N.M. field No. 3787 of Hobart M. Smith, now U.S. N.M. No. 106027. Type locality—Cuautlapan, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS DECORATUS Taylor Eleutherodactylus decoratus Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 28, 1942, pp. 301-303, pl. 25, figs. 1-4, pl. 27, fig. 9. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 28720. Type locality.—Near Banderilla, 6 miles west of Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Known only from La Joya and Banderilla, Veracruz. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS HIDALGOENSIS Taylor Eleutherodactylus hidalgoensis TayLor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 28, 1942, pp. 299-301, pl. 25, figs. 5-8, pl. 27, fig. 10. Type—EHT-HMS No. 24454. Type locality—About 4 miles north of Tianguistengo, Hidalgo, Mexico. Range.—Eastern Hidalgo, and central Veracruz. Known only from the type locality, and Tequeyutepec, Veracruz. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS BATRACHYLUS Taylor Eleutherodactylus longipes BARBouR (nec Baird), Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 8, 1923, pp. 81-83. Eleutherodactylus batrachylus TayLor, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 18, 1940, pp. 13-16, pls. 1-2. Type.—Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 9308. Type locality—Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Range.—Known only from type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS LONGIPES (Baird) Batrachyla longipes Batrp, Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, vol. 2, Reptiles, 1859, p. 35, pl. 37, figs. 1-3 (no description). Eleutherodactylus longipes Keuioac, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 95, 107 (part). 757435485 62 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Type.—Formerly in U.S. National Museum; now lost (fide Kellogg). Type locality Mexico, the exact locality doubtful. Range.—Unknown. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS OCCIDENTALIS Taylor Borborocoetes mexicanus BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1898, pp. 477, 481, pl. 39, fig. 2, 2a [not Leuiperus mexicanus= Eleutherodactylus mexicanus (Brocchi)]. Eleutherodactylus occidentalis Tayutor, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, 1941, pp. 91-92.—Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, p. 117, pl. 4, fig. 1. - Type.—(Cotypes) Brit. Mus. No. 92.2.8.66-67. Type locality Hacienda el Florencio, Zacatecas, Mexico. Range.—Southwestern edge of the central Mexican plateau. Speci- mens have been examined or have been reported from Sinaloa: Plomosas; Columa: Queseria, Paso del Rio; Zacatecas: Hacienda el Florencio; Jalisco: ‘Piedras Negras,’ Agua Azul, Rosario, 11 miles west of Guadalajara, Nevado de Colima (8,000 feet), Magdalena; Nayarit: Cerro San Juan; Michoacdén, near Uruapan. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS CALCITRANS (Giinther) Hylodes calcitrans GUNTHER, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia and Batrachia, 1900, p. 230, pl. 67, fig. B. Eleutherodactylus calcitrans Taytor, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, 1941, p. 983.—Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, p. 117, pl. 5, fig. 2. Type.—Brit. Mus. No. 1901.12.19.25-43. Type locality —Omilteme, Guerrero, and Jalisco, Mexico (restricted to Omilteme, Guerrero). Range.—Guerrero. Probably distributed through the Sierra Madre del Sur (the Jalisco specimen is probably referable to another species). ELEUTHERODACTYLUS MEXICANUS (Brocchi) Leuiperus (sic)mexicanus Broccui, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 1, 1879, p. 484. Eleutherodactylus mexicanus Ke.tuoce, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 98-99, 108-112 (part).—Taytor, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, 1941, pp. 93-94.—Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 28, 1942, p. 73, pl. 8, figs. 2, 2a—2c. Type —Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris? Type locality— Mexico. Range.—Oaxaca and ? Veracruz. Recorded from Cerro San Felipe (10,000 feet elevation), Cosolapa, La Parada (7,800 feet), mountains west of Oaxaca (9,400 feet), ? Tehuantepec, Totontepec, Lachiguiri, Cerro de las Flores, in the state of Oaxaca; ? Pan de Olla (near Tezuit- lan), Veracruz. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 63 ELEUTHERODACTYLUS SALTATOR Taylor Eleutherodactylus saltator Taytor, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, 1941, pp; 89-91; Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, p. 117, pl. 4, fig. 2, Type.—KHT-HMS No. 24301. Type locality.—Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. Probably distributed through the higher parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS LATICEPS (Duméril) Hylodes laticeps Dumf&rin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 3, zool., vol. 19, 1853, p. 178.—DvuMERIL, Bipgon, and Dumé&ri1, Erpétologie générale: vol. 9, 1854 p. 408, Atlas, pl. 99, figs. 1-4. Eleutherodactylus laticeps Kutuoce, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 93 106-107. Type-—Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris No. 509 (No. 1547). Type locality — Yucatén, Mexico. Range.—Known only from type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS CACTORUM Taylor Eleutherodactylus cactorum Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1938 (1939), pp. 391-394, text fig. 2. Type—EHT-HMS No. 6383. Type locality —Kailometer 226, 20 miles northwest of Tehuacdn, Puebla, Mexico. Range.—Eastern Puebla (Upper Balsan Province). ELEUTHERODACTYLUS LATRANS (Cope) Lithodytes latrans Corn, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 17, 1880, p. 25; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 34, 1889, pp. 316-317, fig. 80. Eleutherodactylus latrans SrrsNEGER and Barsour, Checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles, ed. 1, 1917, p. 34. Type—.? (Cotypes) U.S.N.M. Nos. 10058, 10529, 10751-—53. Type locality —Helotes, Bexar County, Tex. Range.—Texas; northern Mexico to San Luis Potosi. Known in Mexico from 10 miles west of Naranjos, San Luis Potosi (KHHT-HMS Collection), and Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS AUGUSTI (Dugés) Hylodes augusti Ducks, in Brocchi, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 3, 1879, pp. 21-22. Eleutherodactylus augusti Kutuoce, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 106, 1932, pp. 93-94, 100-104.—Smrrn and Necker, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol., vol. 3, 1944, pp. 201-203, pl. 1, fig. 1—Tayzor and Smiru, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95. 1945, pp. 574-575, pl. 24, figs. 7, 8. 64. BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Type.—Alfredo Dugés Museum, Guanajuato, Guanajuato (skele- ton). Type locality —Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Range.—The western edge and southern part of the central Mexican plateau, and the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero. Specimens are known or have been reported from Nayarit: Cerro San Juan; Durango: Ventanas (“from a mine 1,000 feet deep!’’) ; Guanajuato: Guanajuato, 4 miles west of Acémbaro, Tupdtaro; Zacatecas: Zacatecas; Jalisco: La Laguna (6,900 feet), near Magdalena; Morelos: 10 miles northeast of Cuernavaca; Guerrero: Agua del Obispo; Michoacdén: Lake Patzcuaro (near Quiroga), Uruapan; Oazaca: Mixtequilla Mountains, Cerro Guengola. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS BOLIVARI Taylor Eleutherodactylus bolivart TayLor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 28, 1942, pp. 298— 299, p. 26, figs. 1-4. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 29564. Type localhity.—Ixtapan del Oro, México, Mexico. Range.—Known from only the type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS TARAHUMARAENSIS Taylor Eleutherodactylus tarahumaraensis TayLor, Copeia, Dec. 27, 1940, pp. 250-253, fig. 1. ? Eleutherodactylus augusti BocerT and OLivEeR (nec Dugés), Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 83, 1945, pp. 405-406 (part).2® Type-—EHT-HMS No. 23008. Type locality —Mojarachic, Chihuahua, Mexico; elevation 6,900 feet. Range.—Known definitely only from the type locality and (?) 2 miles east of Guirocoba, Sonora; sight records for Nayarit (Ixtlin) and adjacent Jalisco (Magdalena) may possibly belong here. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS MATUDAI Taylor Eleutherodactylus matudai Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, pp. 154-157, pl. 11. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 110626. Type locality Mount Ovando, Chiapas, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS VOCALIS Taylor Eleutherodactylus vocalis TayLor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 26, 1939 (1940), pp. 401-405, pl. 44, and text fig. 8. 29 It is impossible to accept the idea expressed by Bogert and Oliver that tarahumaraensis and augusti are synonymous. These two species are the most widely different of the entire group of Eleutherodactylus to which they belong. CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 65 Type-—EHT-HMS No. 6390. Type locality.—Hacienda El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacén, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS NATATOR Taylor Eleutherodactylus natator TayLor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1938 (1939), pp. 394-397, pl. 39, fig. 2, and pl. 40. Type.-—KHT-HMS No. 6373. Type locality.—Tlilapam (—Cuautlapan), Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Western Veracruz, northeastern Oaxaca, and probably northeastern Puebla. Recorded or examined from Cuautlapan, Met- lac, and Fortin, Veracruz, and Camotlain, Oazaca. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS AVOCALIS Taylor and Smith Eleutherodactylus avocalis Taytor and Smiru, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 580-581. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 116885. Type locality —Tres Cruces, near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Range.—Known only from the vicinity of the type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS RUGULOSUS (Cope) Liyla rugulosa Corx, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 11, 1869, pp. 160-161. ? Hylodes berkenbuschii PrErERS, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1869, pp. 879-880 (probably near Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico; Berlin Mus. No. 6666). Eleutherodactylus rugulosus KmLuoace, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 95-96, 116-117.—Taytor and Smira, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 578- 579, pl. 23, figs. 3, 4. Type.—Cotypes, U.S.N.M. Nos. 29971, 29972. Type locality.—Pacific region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Range.—Eastern Puebla and Oaxaca southward to El Salvador. Reported in Mexico from Chiapas: Colonia Hidalgo, Finca Judrez, La Magnolia, Rancho Las Gradas, Cruz de Piedra, Colonia Soconusco, La Esperanza (near Escuintla), Salto de Agua, San Juanita, Tonala, Tumbala (4,000 feet); Guerrero: Agua del Obispo; Oaxaca: Pluma, Tehuantepec; Puebla. The published Veracruz references may belong to Hleutherodactylus natator. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS BEATAE (Boulenger) Hylodes beatae Boutencsr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 12, 1903, pp. 552- 553. Syrrhophus mystaceus BaRBour, Proc. Biol. Soc, Washington, vol. 35, 1922, p. 112 (type locality, Cerro de los Estrapajos, Veracruz, Mexico; Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 8241). Eleutherodactylus beatae Ketuoae, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 92-93, 104—105.—Tay or and Smitu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 572- 573, figs. 60G, 61A. 66 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Type.—Cotypes, Brit. Mus. Nos. 1903.9.30.236; 1903.9.30.237. Type locality—tLa Perla, near Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico, 6,000 feet elevation. Range.—Central eastern Veracruz and Pacific Chiapas. Reported from Cuautlapan, Tequeyutepec, Cerro de los Estrapajos (west of Jalapa), La Perla (near Orizaba), Veracruz; La Esperanza, Chiapas. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS DORSOCONCOLOR Taylor Eleutherodactylus dorsoconcolor TayLtor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 27, 1941, pp. 152-154, pl. 10.—Taytor and Smiru, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, p. 574, fig. 61B. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 110619. Type locality—Tequeyutepec, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Veracruz. Known only from type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS VENUSTUS (Giinther) Hylodes venustus GUNTHER, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia and Batrachia, 1900, p. 234, pl. 68, fig. C. Eleutherodactylus venusius Kmeuuoce, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 96-97, 117-118.—Taytor and Smiru, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 573— 574, fig. 61C—D. Type.—Brit. Mus. No. 1901.12.19.37. Type locality.—Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Western Veracruz and Chiapas. Reported from Veracruz: Tequeyutepec, Minatitlin, and Jalapa; Chiapas: La Esperanza (near Kscuintla), Salto de Agua (Mount Ovando), Colonia Soconusco. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS MACDOUGALLI Taylor Eleutherodactylus macdougalli Taytor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 28, 1942, pp. 71-73, pl. 7, figs. 1, la-le. Type—EHT-HMS No. 27482. Type locality —La Gloria, Oaxaca, Mexico (Atlantic slopes, north of Niltepec, 4,500 feet elevation). Range.—Known only from the type locality. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS RHODOPIS (Cope) Lithodytes rhodopis Corr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 18, 1866, p. 323. Eleutherodactylus rhodopis Nosur, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 38, 1918, p. 327, pl. 16, fig. 1—Kzxrtuoce, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 97-98, 112-115.—Taytior and Smrru, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 576— 578. Hylodes sallaei GiNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 487, pl. 38, fig. 3 (Mexico; Brit. Mus. No. 57.7.31.27). ? Hylodes plicatus GUN1HER, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia and Batrachia, 1900, p. 228, pl. 66, fig. B (Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Brit. Mus. No. 1901.12.19.38). CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIA OF MEXICO 67 Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 16558 (lectotype). Type locality—Orizaba and Cérdoba, Veracruz; restricted to vicinity of Orizaba. Range.—San Luis Potosi through Central America to ?Brazil (fide Miranda-Ribeiro). Reported in Mexico from San Luis Potosi: Chapulhuacén; Veracruz: Potrero Viejo, San Juan de Gracia, Cuautla- pan; Chiapas: San Juanito (near Palenque), La Esperanza (near Escuintla), Colonia Soconusco, Tonalé, Las Nubes, Chicharras, Salto de Agua, Las Gradas, Cruz de Piedra, Finca Juarez; Oaxaca: Matias Romero; Tabasco: La Venta. ELEUTHERODACTYLUS DUNNI Barbour Eleutherodactylus dunnit Barsour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 35, 1922, pp. 111-112.—Kertioae, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 160, 1932, pp. 69, 105-106.— Taytor and Smirn, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 95, 1945, pp. 570, 572, fig. 61 E-H. Type.—Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 8242. Type locality.—Cerro de los Estropajos, west of Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Range.—Western Veracruz and eastern Puebla. Reported from Veracruz: Tequeyutepec, Cuautlapan, Xico, and Cerro de los Es- tropajos; Puebla: Huauchinango. Family HYLIDAE Giinther Hylidae GintuER, Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the collection of the British Museum, 1858 (1859), p. 96. KEY TO MEXICAN GENERA OF HYLIDAE 1. Terminal phalanges more or less T-shaped; very small green frogs, the color quickly fading; transparent on venter so internal organs may be SCCn we SMS PCClestasame a ono Se oe Centrolenella (p. 68) Terminal phalanges more or less claw-shaped; not transparent on ventral BULIACC Meer ie ih yaewe ails Fat ook ee ee oe cease 2 Za inorheag co-ossiied with cranium. 2. _ 22-22 a 3 Skin on head not co-ossified with cranial bones; head not forming casque. 6 olleadea-bony casque witha lateral shelf2./---.-.=----=-.__---.----.- 4 Head not in form of a bony casque; no palatine or parasphenoid teeth_._ 5 4. Palatine teeth present forming a curved row behind choanae; para- sphenoid teeth present, forming a single median row; lateral shelf NAC stem BDC CICN ie sate oe Soe ee Se a eee oe et Diaglena (p. 69) Palatine teeth absent; parasphenoid teeth present, small; lateral shelf HAREM MEPS DECIOSE. = il! Maxie aT ES 2 oL ease Triprion (p. 70) 5. A series of high, conical, curved, bony spines surrounded by glands border occipital region, and are continued (much shortened) anteriorly along the borders of skull bones; 1 species_----------- Anotheca (p. 70) No spines on skull; head tending to bend sharply forward, especially when preserved; 1 species .-.--..--=-22-==222-=2=5- Pternohyla (p. 70) 68 BULLETIN 194, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 6. Pupil vertical; first finger opposable to other three; pollex bone forms a lateral projection on first finger, but without an exposed spine; 3 BPCCIOS H.-A Se DR ee Sy see acre pens Cee Agalychnis (p. 71) Pupil honzgomtal. . 22 soo 50s eae See 2 ae he ea en eee 7 7. First finger with a free rudiment of pollex, and with a free exposed spine; 2 species! Weel ICks Sees eee AE ee: TS Plectrohyla (p. 73) First finger without a free rudiment of pollex and without spine_______- 8 8. A pair of external vocal sacs behind angles of jaws; parotoid spread over back» skingthick*ya"species 23. - 5 swe to eee Acrodytes (p. 74) No pair of vocal sacs behind jaw angles; parotoids absent or indistinct__ 9 9. A pair of subgular vocal sacs in males; 1 species_____--_- Smilisca (p. 75) None or a single subgular vocal sac 10. No large ventrolateral gland present; individual horny nuptial rugosities on-first finger-of male, smallbor absent... 222-22 5.5552 ee ee 11 A large ventrolateral gland present; nuptial rugosities on male, relatively very large, and reduced in area and numbers; 1 species. Ptychohyla (p. 91) 11. Vomerine teeth absent; vocal sac present or absent; a broad fold of skin along side to groin; head wide and flat; 2 species__.______ Hylella (p. 76) Vomerine teeth present (absent in H. picta, in which case there is no lateral: fol dtot skim)