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Ee ait LP SS ay i A Wy f: We Mai TP hey a Skee § im ‘2 i , i ‘ih 7 ue ‘ a mM ei ony. , ‘a : ¢ United States National Museum Bulletin 209 Nearctic Wasps of the Subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae By HENRY TOWNES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION « WASHINGTON, D.C. © 1957 A viet oheteah fe 0 heats cena ~ ve } a ; : ike me * "oo Nearctic Wasps of the Subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae Introduction The family Psammocharidae includes a large number of common wasps that provision their nests with spiders. Typical psammochar- ids are long-legged insects commonly seen on flowers or running rap- idly over the ground or low vegetation, often nervously flipping their wings. A large portion of the Nearctic species are black with black wings, though various members of the family are marked or colored with red, orange, yellow, white, or metallic blue. Technically, the psammocharids may be distinguished from all other wasps by a straight transverse groove that divides the mesopleuron into upper and lower halves (figure 1,5). This groove is always present, and though other wasps possess grooves on the mesopleuron, none but the psammo- charids have one that is single, straight, and transverse. The species included in the present paper are those belonging to the subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, occurring in America north of México. Previous taxonomic work on these species, except for two papers on Pepsis by Hurd, is not outstanding and consists largely of the descrip- tion of new species. References to all the original descriptions are given in the species headings, the significant papers dealing with biology are cited in the synonymy of the species concerned, and the few revisional papers may be located by referring to a recent cata- logue (Townes and Hurd, 1951, U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 907-973). In addition to this literature are numerous locality records (largely in state lists), some notes on synonymy and taxon- omy, and the well known lectotype lists by Cresson (types in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) and by Rohwer and Gahan (Provancher types). The specimens which form the bases for most of this literature have been restudied and re-recorded accord- ing to the taxonomy in this paper. No attempt has been made to correct the many errors of identification that occur in literature, but if a record in literature is not repeated in the summary of the distribu- tional and biological data from pin labels on the specimens studied, 1 Publications of the U. S. National Museum The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and re- visions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type speci- mens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. The present work forms No. 209 of the Bulletin series. REMINGTON KELLOGG, Director, United States National Museum. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover) Contents Introduction . . Subfamily Pepsinae . Tribe Pepsini Genus Chirodamus Haley Genus Pepsis Fabricius . Genus Hemipepsis Dahlbom . Genus Priocnessus Banks : Genus Priocnemioides Radoszkow aie Genus Cryptocheilus Panzer Genus Priocnemis Schi¢dte. Subgenus Sphictostethus Kohl. Subgenus Clistoderes Banks. . Subgenus Priocnemissus Haupt . Subgenus Priocnemis Schigdte . Genus Calicurgus Lepeletier . Genus Dipogon Fox . 2 Subgenus Deuteragenia Guster - Subgenus Dipogon Fox . Tribe Macromerini . . Genus Phanagenia Bankes Genus Auplopus Spinola . Genus Ageniella Banks i Subgenus Leucophrus Townes. . Subgenus Nemagenia Banks Subgenus Priophanes Banks . Subgenus Ageniella Banks . Subgenus Ameragenia Banks . Genus Priocnemella Banks . Subfamily Ceropalinae. . Tribe Notocyphini Genus Notocyphus Smith . Tribe Minageniini . Genus Minagenia kay Tribe Ceropalini Genus Ceropales Latreille! NG exeeetew ts 3: Fete; sys, ees Tir Page 11 25 32 40 67 80 81 83 83 89 108 115 116 131 140 141 143 167 168 174 176 189 215 219 220 221 222 225 226 237 238 273 ier a er) We wel , warren oo , Nearctic Wasps of the Subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae Introduction The family Psammocharidae includes a large number of common wasps that provision their nests with spiders. Typical psammochar- ids are long-legged insects commonly seen on flowers or running rap- idly over the ground or low vegetation, often nervously flipping their wings. A large portion of the Nearctic species are black with black wings, though various members of the family are marked or colored with red, orange, yellow, white, or metallic blue. Technically, the psammocharids may be distinguished from all other wasps by a straight transverse groove that divides the mesopleuron into upper and lower halves (figure 1,b). This groove is always present, and though other wasps possess grooves on the mesopleuron, none but the psammo- charids have one that is single, straight, and transverse. The species included in the present paper are those belonging to the subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, occurring in America north of México. Previous taxonomic work on these species, except for two papers on Pepsis by Hurd, is not outstanding and consists largely of the descrip- tion of new species. References to all the original descriptions are given in the species headings, the significant papers dealing with biology are cited in the synonymy of the species concerned, and the few revisional papers may be located by referring to a recent cata- logue (Townes and Hurd, 1951, U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 907-973). In addition to this literature are numerous locality records (largely in state lists), some notes on synonymy and taxon- omy, and the well known lectotype lists by Cresson (types in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) and by Rohwer and Gahan (Provancher types). The specimens which form the bases for most of this literature have been restudied and re-recorded accord- ing to the taxonomy in this paper. No attempt has been made to correct the many errors of identification that occur in literature, but if a record in literature is not repeated in the summary of the distribu- tional and biological data from pin labels on the specimens studied, 1 2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 it may be regarded as incorrect or unverified as far as my own re- searches are concerned. Between August 1952 and February 1954, while this paper was awaiting publication, K. V. Krombein has published five papers con- taining brief but interesting habitat notes on a number of pepsines. Most of his specimens have been studied and included in my distri- butional data, but his habitat notes are more exact and detailed than I have listed them. They can be consulted on the following pages: 1952, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 78, pp. 91-92; 1952, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, pp. 176-177; 1953, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash- ington, vol. 55, p. 130; 1954, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 49, pp. 3-4; and 1954, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 56, p. 230. This paper completes a taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Psammo- charidae, other sections of the family having been treated as follows: Aporini by Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 70, pp. 23-157. Psammocharini by Evans, 1950 and 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 75, pp. 133-270; vol. 76, pp. 207-361; and vol. 77, pp. 203-340. Pepsis by Hurd, 1952, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. 98, pp. 261- 304. The family name Pompilidae, rather than Psammocharidae is a name sometimes used for this family, but it may not be so used correctly. The generic name Pompilus Fabricius 1898, type of the family name Pompilidae, has Pompilus viaticus Fabricius as its genotype. Pompilus viaticus is a spe- cies of Sphecidae, because of which the generic name Pompilus may be used correctly only in the Sphecidae. In regard to the name Psam- mocharidae, its type genus is Psammochares Latreille, 1896, with the genotype Sphex fusca Linnaeus. fusca is a species of the subfamily Psammocharinae in the present family. The generic name Psammo- chares is the oldest name in the family and as such may be used as the type of the family name. Pate (1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 72, pp. 123-128) has discussed this nomenclatorial situation in detail. Older authors have used the name Pompilidae for the family without considering its validity, but in 1910 Banks introduced usage of the correct name, Psammocharidae, which steadily gained favor until by a generation later the majority of the basic literature of the world used this name. Certain workers who wished to continue using the name Pompilidae, however, appealed to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for an arbitrary declaration that Psam- mocharidae was incorrect and Pompilidae was correct. The Inter- national Commission obliged by issuing in 1945 its Opinion No. 166, throwing its influence behind the usage of the name Pompilidae and against the name Psammocharidae. This is one of a series of similar actions by the International Commission whose purpose has been to INTRODUCTION 3 promote uniformity in zoological nomenclature and to gain additional support for itself by appeasing those zoologists wishing arbitrarily to maintain certain names in which their convenience and prestige were involved, rather than to submit the disposition of the names to im- partial rules of procedure. Although a purpose of the International Commission was to decrease confusion, it has so often been misin- formed on the specific cases and on certain general nomenclatorial situations that confusion has instead been multiplied. It is hard to see how the influence of these kinds of actions can endure indefinitely, and since their influence is considered temporary they are disregarded and the name Psammocharidae is here retained. In the preparation of this paper the necessary decisions, both zo- ological and nomenclatorial, have been dependent on the painstaking collection and consideration of the pertinent data so far as they could be unearthed and comprehended. This has meant many hours of work and many revisions of previous ideas. Most of the revisions have been inconvenient to make, and some which pointed up former errors have been embarrassing to admit. But, if it were found that in some cases pertinent facts had been purposely hidden or arbitrarily dismissed from consideration, users of the paper would conclude that it lacked trustworthiness. The human researcher never entirely es- capes the influences of laziness and prejudice, but having striven at much cost for accurate and honest work in the body of the paper, it would be inconsistent to knowingly abandon this course by adopting the family name Pompilidae. Such considerations, however, do not have an equal appeal to all workers, and many are now using the name Pompilidae on the authority of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Material studied and acknowledgments The specimens in the North American collections listed below have been studied: U. S. National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia. H. E. Evans, Ithaca, New York. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts. University of California, Berkeley, California. Henry and Marjorie Townes, Raleigh, North Carolina. K. V. Krombein, Arlington, Virginia. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, College Station, Texas. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. David Shappirio, Washington, District of Columbia. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. 4 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina. Kansas State College, Manhattan, Kansas. Morton Vogel, Washington, District of Columbia. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina. University of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. In the statement of the location of a specimen or a type, the city of an institutional collection or the owner’s name in the case of a personal collection is used as the reference word. In Raleigh, North Carolina, there are two institutional collections, that of the Department of Agriculture and that of North Carolina State College. The former is indicated by “Raleigh” and the latter by ‘‘State College, Raleigh.” The many institutional and personal collections made available for study have permitted correlation of the work of many collectors— a tedious job; however, it has been of great value in giving a more complete idea of the specific distribution and variation, the oppor- tunity, at times, to correct initial misinterpretations with the study of more material, and a more nearly complete record of the fauna than would otherwise have been possible. I was particularly fortu- nate in having the cooperation of Doctors H. E. Evans and P. D. Hurd, who collected and sent a great many interesting specimens for study. Dr. Evans also sent his flower records, notes on the species of spiders captured as prey, and other biological notes. Much of the material at the U. S. National Museum, on which this study was initiated, was collected by Mr. J. C. Bridwell. Mr. George Townes paid especial collecting attention to these wasps and sent me many important specimens, mostly from Columbia, 8. C. Mr. R. R. Dreisbach assisted by sending manuscript copies of his papers and by lending manuscript types for study. Opportunity to see some of his extensive work on the genitalia of psammocharids, mostly still unpublished, saved much time that would otherwise necessarily have been spent in exploratory work on these structures. It might be added that the brief treatment of them in the present paper does not reflect their total taxonomic value, but rather that other struc- tures are usually sufficient for an accurate determination, and that Mr. Dreisbach is about to publish photomicrographs of the genitalia of nearly all the Nearctic species. Spider prey collected with certain of the specimens were determined by Doctors H. H. Swift and B. J. Kaston. Mr. K. V. Krombein has reviewed the manuscript with the eye of an editor as well as of a hymenopterist, and has sent many interesting notes and specimens for incorporation. All the types in North American collections except the Provancher types and those of Pepsis have been studied. Comparisons with and notes on the types of Dahlbom at Lund, Sweden, were made for me Pe CANATION OF PLATES PuaTE | Figure 1, Chirodamus pyrrhomelas 2 ; 2, Pepsis thisbe 2 ; 3, Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera 2; 4, Priocnessus nebulosus 9 ; 5, Priocnemioides austrinus austrinus 9 ; 6, Cryptochetlus idoneum birkmanni 2 ; 7, Priocnemis (Priocnemtissus) minorata 9 ; 8, Calicurgus hyalinatus alienatus 2 ; 9, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi sayi 2 ; 10, Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis brevis 2 ; 11, Auplopus nigrellus 2 ; 12, Notocyphus dorsalis arizonicus &; 13, Minagenia clypeata 9 ; 14, Ceropales maculata fraterna 2 . PLATE 2 Figure 15, Chirodamus maculipennis 2 ; 16, Priocnessus apache 2; 17, Priocnemioides angusticeps 9; 18, Priocnemioides untfasciatus unifasciatus 2; 19, Priocnemtioides uni- fasciatus californicus 2 ; 20, Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum 9 ; 21, Priocnemis (Sphicto- stethus) pretiosa 2 ; 22, Priocnemtis (Priocnemis) germana 2 ; 23, Priocnemis (Priocnemis) scitula scitula 2 ; 24, Priocnemis (Priocnemis) hestia 9 ; 25, Priocnemis (Priocnemts) minus- culaQ ; 26, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) pulchripennis 2 ; 27, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago anomalus 2 ; 28, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi nigrior 2 (type); 29, Dipogon (Dipogon) graeni- cheri atratus Q (type); 30, Auplopus architectus architectus 2; 31, Ageniella (Priophanes) faceta faceta 9 ; 32, Ageniella (Agentella) conflicta 2 ; 33, Ageniella (Ageniella) accepta 2° ; 34, Ageniella (Ageniella) blaisdelli Q . PuaTE 3 Figure 35, M. congrua; 36, M. lata (type); 37, M. clypeata; 38, M. osoria; 39, M. montis- dorsa, variety with long squama; 40, M. montisdorsa, variety with short squama. PLaTeE 4 Figure 41, M. julia, variety with long squama; 42, M. julia, variety with long squama; 43, M. julia, variety with short squama; 44, M. lata, subgenital plate of type; 45, M. osoria, subgenital plate; 46, M. congrua, subgenital plate; 47, M. julia, subgenital plate; 48, /, montisdorsa, subgenital plate. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN[209 PLATE 1 WINGS OF GENERA OF PEPSINAE AND CEROPALINAE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 PEATE 2 34. FOREWINGS OF PEPSINAE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULL EERINGZOS Pe Ake. Ss MALE GENITALIA OF MINAGENIA SPECIES U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 PLATE 4 AGT Wee MALE GENITALIA AND SUBGENITAL PLATES OF MINAGENIA SPECIES INTRODUCTION 5 by Miss Louise Russell; comparisons with and notes on the types in London and Oxford were made by Mr. J. H. H. Yarrow; Dr. H. E. Evans sent a copy of his notes on the Provancher types; and Mr. K. V. Krombein sent notes on the Provancher types taken in 1953. Assistance from these persons and from the curators of institutions and museums at Washington, Philadelphia, Cambridge, Ithaca, Raleigh, Lawrence, and San Francisco, who made the types under their care available for study, has permitted the kind of nomencla- torial work that was sorely needed in this group. Their help is gratefully acknowledged. Many of Banks’ new species were described from a syntype series, without designation of an individual type. Often the number of specimens involved and sometimes even the sex is not stated. For nomenclatorial purposes I have designated a lectotype in the specific synonymy wherever one of Banks’ new names was based on more than one specimen without designation of the single type. The specimen so designated is usually the one of the series labeled “‘type”’ by Banks, though heretofore not designated as such in a publication. To my wife goes special acknowledgement for the many ways in which she assisted with this study, particularly in recording distri- butional data and preparing the maps. The maps are intended to give a quick comprehension of the known distribution, with a spot for each definite locality. Indefinite localities, like a state, or locali- ties not in the atlases at hand, could not of course be indicated by definite spots and so had to be omitted. They are included, however, in the lists of specimens studied. Terminology The Rohwer and Gahan (1915, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 18, pp. 20-76) system of wing vein and cell terminology is used. This terminology is explained in figure 1,a. The subgenital plate is the last visible sternite—the apparent seventh but actual eighth (or the morphological ninth) abdominal sternite in the male, and the sixth abdominal sternite in the female. The squama, or paramere, of the male genitalia is the lateral distal piece, usually the largest, most lateral, most projecting, and most conspicuous paired part of the external genitalia. An ability to distinguish between males and females is presupposed in the keys and descriptions. Males have thirteen segments in the antenna (or only twelve in Pepsis formosa), seven visible abdominal sternites, no sting, and a more slender build. Females have twelve segments in the antenna, six visible abdominal sternites, a sting that may frequently be seen exserted, a more robust build, and many minor differences from the males in proportions and in the vestiture and bristles. 6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 ‘Taxonomy The Psammocharidae belongs in the Vespoidea and, like the rest of the Vespoidea, is probably a derivative of some scoliidlike stock. Within the family are two main lines of evolution—the pepsine, which is included entirely in the subfamily Pepsinae, and the psam- mocharine, which is included in the subfamilies Psammocharinae and Ceropalinae. Many authors recognize more than the three subfamilies just mentioned. I have studied most of the material available in the United States, and though this does not include many of the critical exotic genera it is enough to convince me that probably all of the additional subfamilies recognized by other authors should be merged with one of these three. Homenotus and Aporus, often segregated in the Homonotinae or Aporinae, definitely belong in the Psammocharinae. Jrenangelus and Notocyphus I place in the Cero- palinae, and the ““Macromerinae” is considered a tribe of the Pepsinae. The separation of Pepsis as a subfamily distinct from other pepsine genera seems quite unjustified. The few ‘Claveliinae’” I have seen are aberrant Pepsini. Olizon and related genera, often referred to the Psammocharidae, belong in the Rhopalosomatidae, as evidenced by the articulation between the first and second abdominal segments, upcurved sting, winged tarsal segments of some females, and lack of a distinct transverse groove on the mesopleuron. EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 1 a, Wings of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to illustrate terminology: CELLS or Forewinc: A, Costal; B, median; c, submedian; p, anal; E, stigma; F, first cubital; c, second cubital; u, third cubital; 1, fourth cubital; j, radial; k, first discoidal; L, second discoidal; M, third discoidal; Nn, first brachial; 0, second brachial; p, pocket of second discodial. CeELts or Hrnp Wine: Q, Costellan; r, mediellan; s, submediellan; T, anal lobe; vu, radiellan; v, cubitellan; w, discoidellan; x, anellan. VeErNs oF Forewinc: 1, Costa; 2, subcosta; 3, medius; 4, submedius; 5, metacarpus; 6, radius; 7, cubitus; 8, discoideus; 9, subdiscoideus; 10, first intercubitus; 11, second intercubitus; 12, third intercubitus; 13, basal; 14, nervulus; 15, first recurrent; 16, second recurrent. VeriNs oF Hinp Wine: 17, Costella; 18, subcost- ella; 19, mediella; 20, submediella; 21, metacarpella; 22, radiella; 23, cubitella; 24, discoidella; 25, intercubitella; 26, nervellus. b, Side view of thorax of Cryptocheilus severini, to show the transverse groove on the mesopleuron characteristic of all psammocharids. c, Side view of abdomen of Priocnemts minorata, 9 , to illustrate the groove on the second sternite characteristic of the Pepsinae, and the lateral crease on the first tergite. d, Part of middle leg of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to show the spine- like setae set in pits on the apical part of the femur, characteristic of this subfamily. e, Apex of hind tibia of Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 2, to show the uniform length of its apical spinelike setae, characteristic of the Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, and the dorsal row of teeth characteristic of many Pepsinae. f, Apex of hind tibia of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to show the uneven length and splaying of its apical spinelike setae, characteristic of most members of this subfamily. INTRODUCTION 7 Figure 1.—(For explanation see opposite page.) 8 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Key to the subfamilies of Psammocharidae 1. Second sternite of female (and often of male) with a sharp transverse groove (fig. 1,c); middle and hind femora never with one or several subapical spine- like bristles set in grooves or pits; last segment of tarsi sometimes with a pair of sublateral ventral rows of bristles, never with a distinct median ventral row; subdiscoidal vein never with a definite downward deflection at its base (thus the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is simple and without a pocket); dorsal edge of hind tibia frequently with a series of teeth (fig. 1,e); spinelike bristles at apex of hind tibia of rather uniform length, not splayed (fig. le)... . . . . . «Pepsinae (p. 8) Second sternite of both sexes wrth a aneen transverse groove, though sometimes with a broad, weak, transverse impression; middle and hind femora usually with one or several apical dorsal spinelike bristles set in grooves or pits (fig. 1d)... .. sree) eons 2. Spinelike bristles at apex of hind tibia. thee long? fees in length and spacing, and splayed (fig. 1,f); subdiscoidal vein of forewing usually deflected downward at its base, thus forming a small pocket at the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell (P, fig. 1,2); middle and hind femora usually with one or several spinelike subapical bristles set in grooves or pits (fig. 1,d); preapical bristles on under side of last segment of tarsus, when present, arranged chiefly or entirely in a median longitudinal row; female subgenital plate without a median longitudinal keel or sharp fold; labrum often con- cealed beneath the clypeus; dorsal edge of hind tibia rarely with a longi- tudinal ridge or serration . . . . . . . . Psammocharinae ! Spinelike bristles at apex of hind bia paarter! of rather uniform length; sub- discoidal vein of forewing never with a definite downward deflection at {ts base (thus the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is simple and without a pocket); middle and hind femora usually without, or with small and inconspicuous spinelike bristles set in grooves or pits; preapical bristles on under side of last segment of tarsus, when present, often not arranged in a single median row; female subgenital plate with a longitudinal keel or sharp fold, at least apically; labrum ee dorsal edge of hind tibia BINGOUAE.. <) 2. pacecahe’ a . . . . .Ceropalinae (p. 220) Subfamily PEPSINAE The salient subfamily characters are listed in the key to sub- families. The sharp transverse groove on the second sternite of all females (fig. 1,c) and some males is the easiest recognition mark. Some members of the other two subfamilies have a broad, weak, transverse impression in this same position which should not be con- fused with the sharp groove of the Pepsinae. The lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is without a pocket, the spinelike bristles at the apex of the hind tibia are of rather uniform length and not splayed (fig. 1,e), and the dorsal edge of the hind tibia is often serrate. The first character will distinguish the Pepsinae from most of the Psammocharinae, but not from the Ceropalinae. The second 1 The Psammocharinae are not treated further in this paper. The Nearctic species have been revised by Evans and Bradley in the papers referred to on page 2. PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 9 character is held in common with a few Psammocharinae as well as with the Ceropalinae. The serrate dorsal edge of the hind tibia, though a helpful recognition mark is not reliable as a subfamily character, being absent in many groups and present in a few of the Psammocharinae (e.g., Priochilus). In addition to the key characters, it should be mentioned that the thorax of the Pepsinae does not have the indefinable oblique and streamlined shape so characteristic of the other two subfamilies. There are two tribes, distinguishable as indicated in the key. Key to the tribes of the subfamily Pepsinae 1. Cubital vein of forewing present and pigmented to the wing margin (except in Priocnessus and in a few species of other genera); first tergite in dorsal view with the sides straight or slightly convex, laterally with a crease which marks off an epipleurite (fig. 1,c); parapenial lobe of male genitalia not decurved at Ee apex FO LOM ROOK 2 ji. co ua) fe pee se rola) i, wee 3 my epsns.(p. 9) Cubital vein of forewing evanescent at the tip, not reaching the wing margin; first tergite in dorsal view with the sides usually somewhat concave toward the base, laterally usually without a crease marking off an epipleurite (in the Western Hemisphere, only Phanagenia has this crease); parapenial lobe of male genitalia rather slender, decurved at the apex to form a BRA eet tty eee. Stes Goats os. bey BeRomering. (p. 140) Tribe Pepsini Cubital vein of forewing usually reaching wing margin (pl. 1, figs. 1-10); hind tibia usually with an external dorsal serration (fig. 1,e); first abdominal tergite broad, not constricted subbasally, so that when seen from above the sides are straight or weakly convex; suture or fold separating epipleurum of first abdominal segment from the tergite always present (fig. 1,c); last tergite of male seldom with a dorsal whitish spot; parapenial lobe of male genitalia not decurved apically to form a hook. This tribe includes some of the largest and showiest species of the family (especially in Pepsis and Hemipepsis), some of medium size, and some of small size (as in Dipogon, Priocnemis, and Calicurgus). Some of the genera are easily distinguished, but a large complex including the Nearctic Chirodamus, Priocnemioides, and Cryptocheilus, and a number of additional exotic genera (Cyphononyz, Monodontonyz, Mygnimia, Paracyphonyx, etc.) presents a confusing array of species with types intermediate to almost any generic limits that may be selected. In this situation, there are the alternatives of including all in one broad genus, embracing many groups of varying size and dis- tinctness, or attempting a larger or smaller number of generic separa- tions, some of which would be difficult to defend because of inter- mediate species. I have chosen the latter course, because it is closer to previously published classifications, results in little generic difficulty 10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 in the Nearctic fauna, and is more in line with the narrower generic concepts used in the rest of the tribes. A study of a larger portion of the world fauna, however, may show a need for some different groupings. Key to the Nearctic genera of Pepsini 1. Mandible with three teeth (including the apical point as a tooth); dorsal edge of hind tibia smooth in both sexes; female with cardo of each maxilla giving rise to a fascicle of long curved hairs. . ... . . . . Dipogon (p. 115) Mandible with two teeth (a large apical point plus a smaller subapical internal point; in a few species of Chirodamus from the Australian region there is a more or less distinct third tooth); dorsal edge of hind tibia of female (and often of male) with a serrate row of teeth (fig. 1, e); cardo of maxilla without a fascicle of long hairs in either sex. . . . Ss athe eee 2. Second recurrent vein meeting the second eanieal cell ae Boone its apical 0.1 (pl. 1, fig. 3); empodium about 0.75 as wide as the subapical width of the last tarsal segment, its apical fringe of bristles containing about 14 to 40 bristles; first discoidal cell occupied basally by a distinct subcircular irregu- larity in the membrane (pl. 1, fig. 3); large or very large species. Hemipepsis (p. 32) Second recurrent vein meeting the second cubital cell at or basad of its apical 0.25; empodium about 0.5 as wide as the subapical width of the last tarsal segment, its apical fringe of bristles containing about 8 to 10 bristles; first discoidal cell not occupied basally by an irregularity in the membrane, or if so the irregularity less distinct than in Hemipepsis . . . Br uel hia? vay. ete 3. Marginal cell separated apically from the costal margin of Anes eae! so that the tip of the cell is rounded (pl. 1, fig. 2) ; second cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein before its basal 0.33; large or very large species. Pepsis (p. 25) Marginal cell apically adjacent to the costal margin of the wing, so that the tip of the cell is pointed or subtruncate; second cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein beyond its basal0.4..... NC ee 4, Second intercybital vein quite straight (pl. 1, fig. 1); fee aaa aniane short and stout, the second segment of flagellum in the Nearctic species 1.5 to 4.5 as long as wide; clypeus (in the Nearctic species) wide, short, and rather flat; brush on inner side of hind tibia broadly continuous to the apex. Chirodamus (p. 11) Second intercubital vein usually more or less curved (straight in Priocnemioides and in some Cryptocheilus); legs and antenna longer and more slender, the second segment of flagellum rarely less than 3.2 as long as wide; clypeus longer and more convex; brush on inner side of hind tibia often with a sub- apical constriction or Pateeriaare Cheats ¢ SUO RTGS 5. Cubital vein not quite reaching the wing margin ad ihe meereliee ending at or distad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 4); elypeus very, Jange = “cs. . . . . . Prioenessus (p. 40) Cubital vein usually acne ene wing margin, or if not (e. g., some species of Priocnemis), then the nervellus ending distinctly basad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella ... . eRe SOG 6. Under side of last tarsal segment with a fee eieuell rows ie peices second intercubital vein straight orevenly curved . ... . cupenee! cheese! Under side of last tarsal segment without any preapical pee or with a very few that are not arranged in two regular longitudinal rows; second inter- cubital vein rather straight anteriorly, but strongly curved posteriorly . . 8 PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 11 7. Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa angled medially and at the angle usually produced as a tooth; nervellus ending beyond, at, or just before the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 5). Priocnemioides (p. 49) Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa evenly curved; nervellus ending distinctly before the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 6). Cryptocheilus (p. 67) 8. Anal lobe elliptical, the apical half of its hind margin evenly curved (pl. 1, fig. 7) ; fore tibia of female without a single, unusually stout bristle on its outer apical corner; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.7 to 1.3 its length (pl. 1, fig. 7); pronotum of normal length. . . .. . . . .Prioenemis (p. 80) Anal lobe subtriangular, the apical half of its hind margin rather straight (pl. 1, fig. 8); fore tibia of female with a single, very stout, blunt, spinelike bristle at its outer apical corner; nervulus at the basal vein or beyond it by less than 0.3 its length (pl. 1, fig. 8); pronotum quite short. Calicurgus (p. 108) Genus Chiredamus Haliday Chirodamus Haliday, 1837, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 17, p. 326. Type: Chirodamus kingiit Haliday; monobasic. Calopompilus Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 188. Type: Pompilus maculipennis Smith; original designation. Dinocnemis Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 67, p. 336. Type: Pom- pilus (Priocnemis) fortis Cresson; designated by Bradley, 1944. Onochares Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 9. Type: (Onochares brazoria Banks) = heiligbrodtii Cresson; original designation. Trichocurgus Haupt, 1937, Zeitschr. Naturw. (Halle), vol. 91, pp. 127, 134. Type: Pompilus monachus Smith; original designation. Chrysocurgus Haupt, 1937, Zeitschr. Naturw. (Halle), vol. 91, pp. 127, 134 (new synonymy). Type: Sphex nitida Fabricius; original designation. Derochilus Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: Pompilus (Priocnemis) validus Cresson; original designation. Reedimia Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 482. Type: Agenia hirsutula Spinola; original designation. Anacyphonyx Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 520 (new syn- onymy). Type: Anacyphonyz fidelis Banks; original designation. Medium or large-sized, stout species, the Nearctic species with the forewing 6 to 18 mm. long; clypeus broad, short, and rather flat (smaller and more convex in some exotic species); mandible in the Nearctic species with two teeth, in some New Zealand species with a more or less distinct third tooth; pronotum long, flat, its hind margin arcuate; second intercubital vein quite straight, vertical or oblique; second recurrent vein reaching the second cubital cell just beyond its middle; cubital vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell containing a moderately distinct subcircular ir- regularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.6 its length; nervellus ending somewhat before, at, or somewhat beyond the juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.5 to 0.8 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 1); hind tibia with a weak or distinct dorsal serration in females, without a distinct serration 12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 in males; brush on inner side of hind tibia broad, without a distinct subapical constriction; last segment of tarsi short, with or without preapical spinelike bristles beneath, these when present arranged in a short irregular pair of rows, often the basal bristles displaced toward, or on the midline; tooth on tarsal claws variable. The genus Chirodamus appears to be one of the most primitive of the family, as evidenced by the lack of specialization in the venation and leg bristles, and by the general scolioid habitus. Its distribution is of the Marsupial type. The Nearctic species divide into two species groups, which together form a genus amply distinct from others in our region, but some of the species in the Neotropic and Australian regions approach the more primitive members of Priocnemioides and other genera of Pepsini, and in these areas a clear generic separation is difficult. The species show diversity of structural characters to a degree that in other parts of the family has called for generic distinctions. One can see by the extensive generic synonymy that some authors have used these as generic characters in the present group also. While recognizing that there are some well marked species groups in the complex, I am not convinced that there should be more than one genus used. This is another of the generic problems with which the family is replete, but recent progress has demonstrated that much of the haziness of generic limits is subjective and may be clarified with study. It is hoped that Chirodamus will prove to be another such case. The critical species are mostly in southern South America and in the Australian region, areas in which North American collections are not strong. Besides the genotype species mentioned in the synonymy, the fol- lowing extralimital species should be referred to Chirodamus. Crypto- cheilus manni Banks 1928, Calopompilus fraternus Banks 1946, C. helas Banks 1946, C. erebus Banks 1946, C. parvulus Banks 1946, Reedimia infernalis Banks 1946, Anacyphonyr rosasi Banks 1946, and A. metallica Banks 1946. These are all Neotropic species which have not previously been referred to Chirodamus. I have studied their types in Cambridge, Anacyphonyx metallica being represented there only by the paratype. Keys to the Nearctic species of Chirodamus MALES 1. Anal lobe about 0.55 as long as the submediella; subgenital plate either ligulate with a raised margin, or with a deep and broad apical semicircular emargi- nation; outer claw of fore tarsus with a short erect tooth; pubescence of body and head rather sparse, that on the abdominal tergites sparse enough so that the tergites appear shiny. ALBOPILOSUS GROUP ........ 2 PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI tS Anal lobe about 0.75 as long as the submediella (pl. 1, fig. 1); subgenital plate usually subcircular, evenly and strongly concave, its free margin with a fringe of longer hairs; outer claw of fore tarsus with a long subappressed tooth; pubescence of body and head dense, that on the abdominal tergites dense enough that the tergites appear dull. PYRRHOMELAS GROUP. . . 3 . Subgenital plate broadly ligulate with the apex subtruncate; genitalia not ordinarily visible beyond the sugenital plate; longer hairs of thorax whitish 2, 1). . .. . . 1. albopilosus (Cresson) Subgenital plate een phaped (ue fe a deep and broad apical semicir- cular emargination) ; genitalia ordinarily visible beyond the subgenital plate as a pair of divergent, hairy, fingerlike processes; longer hairs of thorax Dlack shisha yw SAL iad, ot eat edhe tran js OL. sosehortisu( Cresson) . Forewing mostly oedopee Bh Se saNS) cee Riese Le Forewing black, or black with a shedian raee poe PRONE STIS SPAR MISC 0 1G . Forewing with a subapical fuscous cloud in addition to the fuscous apical margin; temple about 0.5 as long as the eye . . . . 3. deceptus (Banks) Forewing without a subapical fuscous cloud; temple about 0.58 to 0.75 as long astheeye.... a eel Owes eS . Apical margin of fifth peers eal saa: pieth Btannite conspiciously punctate; pleura and propodeum dull; basal infuscation of forewing restricted to a distance beyond the edge of the tegula equal to about 1.5 the width of the tecula =. 5 .... . 6. heiligbrodtii (Cresson) Apical margin of fifth petnite pocorn emarginate; sixth sternite incon- spicuously punctate, smooth; pleura and propodeum somewhat shining; basal infuscation of forewing restricted to a distance beyond the edge of the tegula equal to about 2.5 the width of the tegula . 4. pyrrhomelas (Walker) . Tibiae and abdomen brownish red; propodeum with numerous coarse punctures in addition to the dense fine punctures. . . . . . . 8. validus (Cresson) Tibiae and abdomen black; propodeum with scattered medium-sized punctures in addition to the dense ane punctures... . Sneed . Hair on fifth sternite about 1.3 as long as the engi of the ptoenttee transverse groove on second sternite foveolate; forewing with a median orange spot Cpl. 2 figs BS)n6 css cle a . . 5. maculipennis (Smith) Hair on fifth sternite about 0. 5 as iene as the leneen of the sternite; transverse groove on second sternite not foveolate; forewing entirely black. 7. feroculis (Banks) FEMALES . Anal lobe about 0.55 as long as the submediella; head and body with moderately dense pubescence, the pleura shiny, with their setiferous punctures distinctly separated; teeth on outer side of hind tibia subobsolete. ALBOPILOSUS GROUP. . . 2 Anal lobe about 0.75 as iene as fhe pabmerielia (pl. Ce ae D: head nad bade with very dense pubescence, the pleura dull, with their setiferous punctures contiguous; teeth on outer side of hind tibia distinct. PYRRHOMELAS GROUP eee Se aOR . Second flagellar eoEmene ‘about 2. 0a as ee as ae Soar inet ARens 6.5 to 10 mm. long, moderately infuscate; head and body a little less densely and more coarsely punctate; dorsal face of pronotum a little shorter. 1. albopilosus (Cresson) 347756—537——_-2 14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Second flagellar segment about 2.4 as long as wide; forewing about 10 to 15 mm. long, strongly infuscate; head and body a little more densely and more finely punctate; dorsal face of pronotum a little longer . 2. fortis (Cresson) 3. Forewing orange except at the base and apex. . . . nto iee.. 4 Forewing infuscate or black, or black with a median Beane apotm peel eee eee 2 Head and'body blacks.) oe ee 67S ahs ene, cee Tee te ene some 4 2. Forewing subhyaline, with three brown cross-bands (pl. 2, fig. 16). 4. apache (Banks) Forewing uniformly dark brown é,7sjc;cdealk) olecclt A. GIB. Glos 3 PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 4] 3. Female without preapical bristles on the under side of the fifth tarsal segment. Mealeninknowny peternett ints eel ea) . . . & coloradensis (Banks) Female with 3 to 10 Sepia bristles on the under side of the fifth tarsal seg- ment. Male with numerous specializations which should permit easy distinc- tion from those of P. coloradensis (see their description under the species). 6. nuperus (Cresson) 4. Wings orange. . Cease et er crite io tacineg Os (aaa aa new species Wings subhyaline a ipeckieh Sgt ap blaine Tate 5. Flagellum black; male clypeus white or hostile niieee inner Aa of female not tinged with orange... . . . .. . 1. nebulcsus (Dahlbom) Flagellum orange; male flemeus blag inner orbit of female tinged with OLAMEDs fos is < & ca ah eta so cd ye) cial wi .clbavint es, Gake@baet Oresson) Ficure 14.—Localities for Priocnessus nebulosus. 1. Priocnessus nebulosus (Dahibom) PLATE 1, FIGURE 4 Priocnemis nebulosus Dahlbom, 1843, Hymenoptera Europaea, vol. 1, p. 96. Type: ?, South Carolina (Lund). Pompilus (Agenia) pulchrinus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 126. Lectotype: &, West Virginia (Philadelphia). Priocnemis subconicus Rohwer, 1911, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 556. Type: 9, Lawrence, Kans. (Washington). Priocnemis leibyt Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 48, p. 203 (new synonymy). Type: o', Edgecombe County, N. C. (Raleigh). Mate: Forewing 6.5 to 9.5 mm. long; clypeus rather weakly convex, its apical margin with a weak median tooth, its lateral margin with an impressed flange that is widest apically; flagellar segments without a longitudinal groove; middle and hind coxae not unusually enlarged; hind trochanter without an apical tubercle; subgenital plate tongue- shaped, its median longitudinal raised area a narrow ridge which is 42 U. S. NATIONAL: MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 evanescent apically and somewhat higher, broadened, and flat-topped basally. Black. Part of mandible, clypeus except for a median spot reaching its apex, face except at the middle, lower lateral part of frons, narrow hind orbit, front of front coxa, usually the knees narrowly, outside of front tibia, tibial spurs, usually most of first three tarsal segments except at their bases and apices, and most of seventh tergite, white; tegula brown; wings hyaline, their apices infuscate, the forewing with a more or less distinct, short postdiscal fascia centering just beyond the apex of the stigma. A distinetive color variant has the black of the femora and tibiae replaced by fulvous, and often the black of the coxae (especially of the front coxa) stained or replaced by fulvous. The type of Prioc- nemis leibyt belongs to this variety. A female of corresponding color has not yet been collected.{#Another color variation, this one forming a geographic cline, involves the wing color. Male specimens from Florida have the wings, especially the apical half of the forewing, strongly infuscate. This Floridian tendency toward wing darkening is present in a diminishing degree in Lower Austral localities increas- ingly distant from Florida, being still evident in the Lower Austral Zone of North Carolina. Frmaue: Forewing 9.5 to 14 mm. long; bind tibia with its dorsal teeth rather weak and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.55 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath. Black. Flagellum black; front orbit usually with narrow fulvous stain; wings blackish, the forewing with faintly darkened cross-bands at the apex, just beyond the apex of the stigma, and along the basal vein and nervulus; hind wing a little paler than the fore wing, darkened apically. Females from the Lower Austral Zone tend to have the wings a little darker than females from the Upper Austral and Transition Zones. SPECIMENS (5507, 849): From Alabama (Spring Hill); Connecticut (Colebrook and East Hartford); District of Columbia; Florida (Brevard County, Buena Vista, Citrus County, Larkins, Ocala, Orange County, Orlando, St. Johns River, St. Nicholas, and Tarpon Springs); Georgia (Alma and Atlanta); Iowa (Sioux City); Kansas (Baldwin, Douglas County, Leavenworth County, Manhattan, Onaga, and Randolph); Louisiana (Shreveport); Maryland (Cabin John, Glen Echo, Mayo Beach, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Boston and South Natick); Michigan (Cheboygan and Newaygo County); New Hampshire (Alton, Belknap County, and Pelham); New Jersey (Chatsworth, Fort Lee, and Moorestown); New PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 43 York (Ithaca); North Carolina (Blowing Rock, Crabtree Meadows at 3,600 ft. in Yancey County, and Wallace); Ohio (Hocking County); Ontario (Ottawa); Pennsylvania (Carlisle Junction, Highspire, Moosic, Mount Holly Springs, Overbrook, Roxborough, Pike County, and White Haven); South Carolina (Table Rock State Park); Texas (Rusk); and Virginia (Arlington, Falls Church, Great Falls, Rosslyn, Whiele, and Vienna). The normal season of flight seems to be about July 1 to Sept. 10. Unusually early and late dates of collection are: Mar. 20 at Tarpon Springs, Fla.; Apr. 5 at Plummers Island, Md.; Apr. 6 at Ocala, Fla.; May 12 at Rusk, Tex.; May 16 in Orange County, Fla.; June 4 in Seminole County, Fla.; June 7 at Shreveport, La.; June 16 at Atlanta, Ga.; June 17 at Wallace, N. C.; June 22 at Washington, D. C.; June 23 at Takoma Park, Md.; July 7 at Moorestown, N. J.; Sept. 2 at North Fairhaven, N. Y.; Sept. 6 at East Hartford, Conn.; Sept. 9 at Blowing Rock, N. C.; Sept. 10 at Table Rock State Park, S. C.; Sept. 12 at Great Falls, Va.; Sept. 13 at Cabin John, Md.; Sept. 19 at Pelham, N. H.; and Oct. 1 at Manhattan, Kans. Both sexes have been taken at honeydew and there are three prey records—a female taken at Washington, D. C., July 10, 1947, by Richard Boettcher, transporting an immature Agelenopsis; a female taken at Overbrook, Pa., July 19, 1914, by G. M. Greene, transporting an Agelenopsis naevia; and a female taken at Manhattan, Kans., Aug. 28, 1949, by H. E. Evans, transporting a female Agelenopsis pennsylvanica. The above records all apply to the typical color form. Males with fulvous legs (variety leibyi) have been taken as follows: 207, Atlanta, Ga., June 16 and 19, 1942, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ. and Washing- ton). oo (type), Edgecombe County, N. C., June 24, 1924, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). 6, Raleigh, N. C., May 1, 1935 (State College, Raleigh). <, Raleigh, N. C., June 16, 1927, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). o', Southern Pines, N.C., June 19, 1949, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o', Wake County, N.C., July 1, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 5c’, Wallace, N. C., June 17, 1949, H. Townes (Townes and Dreis- bach). 07, Columbia, 8. C., May 25, 1951, G. F. Townes (G. Townes). o', Morris, Tex., May 22, 1937 (Krombein). It should be noted that all of these males were collected earlier in the season than is normal for the typical form. With the five males from Wallace, N. C., three males of the typical form were collected on the same day and in the same habitat. This species occurs in Ontario and in most of the eastern half of the United States. The normal flight range is about July 1 to Sept. 10, but it is on the wing commonly in May, and in Florida in April. 44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 2. Priocnessus dakota (Cresson) Pompilus (Agenia) dakota Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 124, o'. Type: o, “Dakota” (Philadelphia). Pompilus (Agenia) dakota pallidicornis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 124, @ (preoccupied; new synonymy). Type: o, West Virginia (Philadelphia). Priocnemis (Priocnessus) kiowa Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 12. Type: 9, Wathena, Kans. (Cambridge). Figure 15.—Localities for Priocnessus dakota. Mate: Forewing 9.5 to 13 mm. long. Structure as described for the male of P. nebulosus. Black. Clypeus, mandibles, and hind orbits faintly tinged with fulvous; front orbits and flagellum orange, the basal one or two and apical three or four segments partly infuscate; wings blackish. Femaue: Forewing 12 to 15.5 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth moderately strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.6 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath. Black. Flagellum orange, somewhat infuscate at the base and apex; wings black. SPECIMENS: 29, Lyme, Conn., July 8, and 22, 1918, W.S. Fisher (Washington). o (type of dakota), Dakota (Philadelphia). 267, Atlanta, Ga., June 29 and July 6, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ. and Cambridge). o', Head River, Ga., July 17, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Cambridge). o, Sittons Gulch, Ga., July 24, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ.). 9, Cheyenne County, Kans., F. X. Williams (Lawrence). @ (type of kiowa), Wathena, Kans., July 22, 1908, W. M. Mann (Washington). o, 9, Cape May, N. J., July 8 and 9, 1937, W. Stone (Ithaca). ©, Moorestown, N. J., June 30, 19389, PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI A5 H. and M. Townes (Townes). * o, Cruso, N. C., June 27, 1934 (State College, Raleigh). 9, Mount Holly Springs, Pa., July 7, 1918, R. M. Fouts (Washington). o (type of pallidicornis), W. Va. (Philadelphia). 2, FallsiChurch, Va., June 28 and July 4, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9%, on Lariodendron honeydew, Falls Church, Va., July 17, N. Banks (Cambridge). 29, Nelson County, Va., July 5, 1925, and Aug. 14, 1924, W. Robinson (Washington). This species occurs over most of the eastern half of the United States but is uncommon. Adults have been taken from June 27 to Aug. 14. 3. Priocnessus coloradensis (Banks) Cryptocheilus coloradensis Banks, 1910. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 121, 9. Type: 2, Clear Creek, Colo. (Cambridge). Matz: Unknown. Frmaue: Forewing 13.5 to 14.5 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal row of teeth strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row short, only about 0.5 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath. Ficure 16.—Localities for Priocnessus coloradensts. Rufous. Usually the ocellar area and a line connecting the ocellar area with the eye, upper side of apical four flagellar segments, under side of thorax, various areas along the thoracic sutures and surrounding the scutellum, often the transverse groove of the pronotum, base and apex of propodeum, a complete or incomplete median longitudinal stripe on propodeum, fore coxa behind, middle and hind coxae basally, inwardly and ventrally, part of trochanters, apical one or two segments of tarsi, and base of first abdominal segment, blackish; wings uni- formly dark brown. 347756—57——-4 46 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Specimens: 9, Bear Creek, Colo., September (Washington). 9, Boulder, Colo., Aug. 7, 1906, W. P. Cockerell (Washington). 9 (type), Clear Creek, Colo., Oslar (Cambridge). 9, Kerrville, Tex., June 2, 1906, F. C. Pratt (Washington). 9, Lee County, Tex., June (Cambridge). 4. Priocnessus apache (Banks) (PLATE 2, FIGURE 16 Priocnemis (Priocnessus) apache Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p.11, 9. Type: Q, Apache Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts. at 5,500 ft., Ariz. (Cambridge). Mate: Forewing 11 to 13 mm. long. Structure as described for the male of P. nebulosus. Light rufous. A spot in front of front ocellus, upper side of flagel- lum, thorax near bases of wings and of coxae, and base of abdomen, Figure 17.—Localities for Priocnessus apache. fuscous, the extent of the fuscous quite different in the two specimens at hand; coxae sometimes blackish basally; middle and hind tarsi fus- cous apically; wings lightly suffused with yellowish brown, the hind wing a little less so than the forewing; forewing with three transverse brown bands, one across the apex, one centering just beyond the apex of the stigma, and one along the basal vein and nervulus; hind wing tinged with brown apically; seventh tergite with a large whitish spot. The male from Texas has the fuscous markings much more extensive than the male from Arizona. Frmaue: Forewing 11 to 15 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.65 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath. PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 47 Light rufous. Flagellum somewhat infuscate apically; bases of coxae and thorax near the coxal and hind wing articulations, and base of first tergite more or less infuscate; wings strongly suffused with yellowish brown, the forewing with three transverse brown bands as described for the male, the hind wing brownish apically. SPECIMENS: 9, Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., Aug. 15, 1924, O. C. Poling (Berkeley). 9, Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sept. 1 and 2, 1927, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 2 (type), Santa Catalina Mts., 5,500 ft., Apache County, Ariz., July 25, 1917 (Cambridge). 0, Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Lawrence). 9, southern Arizona (Cam- bridge). o, Devils River, Tex., May 5, 1907, E. A. Schwartz (Washington). This species occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna. 5. Priocnessus nigricans, new species Mate: Unknown. Fremate: Forewing 15 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth rather strong, its laterodorsal row of bristles long, about 0.9 as long as the distance between their sockets; under side of fifth tarsal segment with about two preapical bristles. Ficure 18.—Localities for Priocnessus nigricans. Black. Flagellum orange, somewhat infuscate apically and on the basal part of the first segment; wings orange, infuscate basally to the level of the apex of the anal lobe; apical margin of forewing vaguely dusky. Type: 9, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., July 19, 1938, D. W. Craik (Lawrence). Paratype: 9, Tex Canyon, 5,000 to 6,000 ft., Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., Sept. 16, 1927, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco). 48 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 6. Priocnessus nuperus (Cresson) Pompilus (Priocnemis) nuperus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 118, 9. Lectotype: ?, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia). Matz: Forewing 9.5 to 13 mm. long; clypeus very large, apically strongly raised upward and outward, its apical margin with a median apical tooth; posterior side of median flagellar seements with a longi- tudinal groove, within which is a longitudinal row of enlarged special- ized setae; middle and hind coxae unusually large; hind trochanter beneath with an apical tubercle like a blunt spine; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, its median longitudinal ridge high, broad, flat-topped, abruptly evanescent beyond the apical 0.75 of the subgenital plate. Figure 19.—Localities for Priocnessus nuperus. Rufous. Most of mandible, lateral third of clypeus, face, lower corners of frons, broad hind orbits, knees, tibiae, and first to fourth tarsal segments, orange or bright fulvous; flagellum brown, orange on the central third and on the underside of the basal third; ocellar area, a small mark above the antennal socket, under side of thorax, region of plural sutures, back side of front and middle coxae, most of hind coxa, upper side of middle and hind trochanters, and base of first tergite, blackish, the extent of the blackish markings variable; wings uniformly dark brown. Frma.e: Forewing 13 to 17 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth very strong and erect, and the bristles in its dorsolateral row long, about 0.8 as long as the distance between their sockets; last seg- ment of tarsi with about 3 to 8 preapical bristles beneath. Rufous. Flagellum with the second, third, and adjacent ends of the first and fourth segments yellowish; flagellum beyond the basal 0.3 of fourth segment blackish; ocellar area, much of back side of head, thorax except for top of pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, postscu- PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 49 tellum, and often area on mesopleuron and propodeum, most of coxae, and base of first abdominal segment, black; tegula rufous; wings dark brown. The species nuperus belongs to a species group separate from the Nearctic nebulosus, dakota, coloradensis, and apache, as evidenced by the specialized male clypeus, flagellum, coxae, and subgenital plate and in the female by possession of preapical bristles on the fifth tarsal segment. The Nearctic nigricans belongs probably in the nuperus species group but without its male this cannot be concluded with certainty. SPECIMENS (20 o’, 219): From District of Columbia; Georgia (At- lanta); Kansas (Riley County); Maryland (Glen Echo and Takoma Park); New Jersey (Gloucester County, Moorestown, and Riverton) ; New York (Farmingdale); North Carolina (Hamrick); Pennsylvania (Germantown, Ogontz School, and Philadelphia); Texas (Brownsville and Lee County); and Virginia (Arlington, Black Pond in Fairfax County, Dunn Loring, and Great Falls). Dates of collection are mostly from July 2 to Sept. 5. Those outside of this range are: Jan. 20 and Mar. 23 at Brownsville, Tex.; Oct. 18 in Riley County, Kans.; and October in Lee County, Tex. The usual habitat is along the edges of mesophytic deciduous woods bordering on overgrown fields. There is one record of a female taken at Liriodendron honeydew. This species occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunal areas. Except in Texas and Kansas, adults have been taken only from July to September, with a few stragglers into October. Genus Priecnemioides Radoszkowski Priocnemioides Radoszkowski, 1888, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, new ser., vol. 2, p. 482. Type: Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulvicornis Cresson; designated by Banks, 1944, Prionocnemoides Dalla Torre, 1897, Catalogus hymenopterorum ... . , fase. 8, p. 211 (emendation). Priocnemoides (!) Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 187 (misspelling). Cheilotus Bradley, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 18, p. 124, 1946 (new synonymy). Type: Pompilus ignipennis Cresson. Medium or large sized species of average stoutness, the Nearctic species with forewing 9 to 26 mm. long; clypeus rather large, convex; pronotum of moderate length, its hind margin arcuate; carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa distinctly angulate medially, at the angulation usually produced into a distinct tooth (In all other Nearctic Pepsini this carina is evenly curved and without a toothlike projection.); second intercubital vein straight, oblique; second re- current vein joining the second cubital cell near its apical 0.75; cubital 50 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without a distinct irregularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.2 to 0.7 its length; nervellus ending at, beyond, or some- times just before juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.75 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 5); dorsal edge of hind tibia of female with a distinct serration, of male usually with a weaker serration, or sometimes smooth; brush on inner side of hind tibia rather narrow, with a subapical constriction or interruption; under side of hind tarsus of male with a close fringe of hairs extending from its base to beyond the middle (This fringe is absent in all other Nearctic Pepsinae except Cryptocheilus.) ; last tarsal segment with two regular rows of bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claws erect, acute. This genus is restricted to the Western Hemisphere. It is closely related to Cryptocheilus. Three species groups, of which two are Nearctic, are known to me. See the keys and descriptions for their characters. Key to the Nearctic species of Priocnemioides 1. Brush on inner side of hind tibia not interrupted, only narrowed subapically; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa weak; second sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike eMart but without tubercles. MAGNUS GROUP... . poms fe our Brush on inner side of hind tibia intermipted ebapientie? or in some females not quite interrupted but very strongly narrowed subapically; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa well developed; second sternite of female with a pair of more or less distinct tubercles surmounting a pair of more or less distinct swellings. FULVICORNIS GROUP. ....... 7 2. Flagellum orange; wings black. ....... .. 3. magnus (Cresson) Flagellum black; wings orange to black. ... . 5 ae RES 3. Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron without ‘aay i rinlsleae Shavit tibia of male with a dorsal row of distinct oblique teeth; hind Aer of female with the teeth in its dorsal row rather wide, about as wide as the length of the bristles beyond each tooth. SUBSPECIES OF TEXANUS..... 4 Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with at least a few transverse wrinkles; hind tibia of male with a dorsal longitudinal ridge on which teeth are faintly indicated; hind tibia of female with the teeth in its dorsal row narrow, about 0.75 as wide as the bristle beyond each tooth. . ... 5 4, Wings almost entirely blackish . . 4a, texanus atripennis, new subspecies cae mostly orange .. . ... . . 4b. texanus texanus (Cresson) Temple receding behind the ae so that the head is distinctly narrower across the temples than across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of meta- pleuron usually completely covered with wrinkles; head and thorax with a rather strong, usually greenish blue iridescence, especially in the female; erect hairs on thorax very long and dense. . . . 1. aratus, new species Temple not receding behind the eye, the head about as wide across the tem- ples as across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron usually only partially covered with wrinkles; head and thorax with a faint purple iridescence; erect hairs on thorax shorter and sparser. SUBSPECIES OF NIU STIR TIN US scat areca emcees ciate use be adc e's 1s sanns sae ae ek ea pO PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI ok 6. Wings black or mostly black . . . 2a. austrinus fuscatus, new subspecies Wings mostly orange. . ..... . . 2b. austrinus austrinus (Banks) 7. Forewing entirely black... . . ... . . 5. fulvicornis (Cresson) Forewing mostly orange, or black w an a large subapical orange spot (fore- wing entirely black in a Neotropic subspecies of wnifasciatus) . . . . . 8 8. Temple receding behind the eye, so that the head as seen from above is dis- tinetly narrower across the temples than across the eyes; male subgenital plate with a weak longitudinal elevation that tapers from the base; fore- wing orange with a relatively broad fuscous apex that reaches or just invades the apex of the radial cell (pl. 2, fig. 17) .. 6. angusticeps, new species Temple not receding but slightly swollen behind the eye so that as seen from above the head across the temples is as wide as or slightly wider than across the eyes; male subgenital plate with a longitudinal raised spatulate area; forewing in the Nearctic subspecies either blackish with a subapical orange spot or mostly orange with a relatively narrow fuscous apex, the fuscous area not reaching the apex of the radial cell. SUBSPECIES OF UNIFASCIATUS..9 9. Wings black, the forewing with a large subapical orange spot (pl. 2, fig. 18); male seventh sternite with the raised spatulate area a little less sharply defined rps 4) f.t)s ... . . Va, unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say) Wings orange, anneente ieee and apically; male seventh sternite with the raised spatulate area a little more sharply defined ..... . 10 10. Basal infuseation of forewing extending about 0.35 the distance i the basal WET is ae ... . . Vb. unifasciatus cressoni (Banks) Basal jesuseataen Bs frowns extending about 0.25 the distance to the basal vein (pl. 2, fig. 19) . . . . Ve. unifasciatus califormicus, new subspecies MAGNUS GROUP Mesosternum with a weak triangular projection on the ridge in front of each middle coxa; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa very weak; brush on inner side of hind tibia not interrupted subapically in either sex, slightly to strongly narrowed subapically; second sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike swell- ings but without tubercles; sixth sternite of male gently concave, with stiff erect hairs on each side; subgenital plate of male gently concave, mediobasally with a faint longitudinal raised area, its apex broadly rounded, and its apical and lateral margins with sparse long, and dense short upright hairs. This species group includes the Nearctic magnus, araius, austrinus, and texanus. With its weak tubercles on the fore coxa and weakly modified second sternite of the female it is a connecting link with the genus Cryptocheilus. The species aratus is somewhat intermediate to the fulvicornis group. 1. Priocnemioides aratus, new species Forewing of male 19 to 20 mm. long, of female 20 to 26 mm. long; clypeus of male about 2.1 as wide as long, of female about 2.4 as wide as long; temple receding from just behind the eye, so that the head as seen from above is distinctly narrower across the temples than 52 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Ficure 20.—Localities for Priocnemioides aratus. across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with sharp transverse wrinkles, the wrinkles sharpest in the female; erect hairs on head and thorax longer and more conspicuous than in the other species of the magnus group; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa a little stronger than in the other species of the magnus group; legs more slender and with longer bristles than in other species of the magnus group, the hind femur about 5.4 as long as wide; hind tibia of male subcarinate dorsally, without distinct teeth; hind tibia of female with a dorsal row of strong, rather narrow teeth that are about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristles beneath each; sixth sternite of male basally and laterally with long erect black hairs, discally with sparser, shorter, less conspicuous erect hairs; subgenital plate of male with marginal irregular long hairs, discally with moderately long hairs which in this species are mostly reflexed. Black. Wings orange, their apices and extreme bases rather abruptly infuscate; head and thorax with an iridescence that is usually greenish blue, especially strong in the female. Type: 9, Douglas, Ariz., Oct. 5, 1927, W. W. Jones (Berkeley). Paratypes: 150, 19 9 from Arizona (Apache, Douglas, 10 miles east of Sonoita, and Tucson); Idaho (Pocatello); Kansas (Finney County and Meade County); New Mexico (Tucumcari); Texas (Alpine, The Basin at 5,000 ft. in the Chisos Mts. of Big Bend Na- tional Park, Fort Davis, Fort Stockton, Limpia Canyon at 5,000 ft. in the Davis Mts., Marathon, and Marfa); Utah (Logan, Provo, and Salt Lake County); and Mexico (Canutillo in Durango). Most dates of collection are from July to September. The extreme range is from May 30 (in Salt Lake County, Utah) to Oct. 5 (at Douglas, Ariz.). PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 53 This species occurs in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas of the Southwest, and has been taken also in southern Idaho. Adults occur mostly from July to September. 2. Priocnemioides austrinus (Banks), new combination Forewing of male 15 to 21 mm. long, of female 18 to 22 mm. long; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron partially or almost completely covered with weak transverse wrinkles, these always definite in the female but often obsolescent in the male; hind tibia of male subcarinate dorsally, with a rudimentary series of teeth; hind tibia of female with a dorsal row of strong, rather narrow teeth that are about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristle beneath each; sixth sternite of male with erect brown hairs, longer laterally than discally, without the contrast in length and density between the sides and the disc that obtains in other species of the magnus group; subgenital plate of male with a marginal brush of longer hairs, these hairs hardly longer on the apicolateral margin than on the apical margin; discal hairs on male subgenital plate short, declinate. Structure otherwise as de- scribed for P. teranus. Black. Wings orange with the base and apex infuscate, to entirely black, according to the subspecies; head and thorax with a faint purple iridescence. There are two subspecies, one in the Southwestern States and the other from eastern Kansas to Alabama. 2a. Priocnemiocides austrinus fuscatus, new subspecies Wings blackish, tinged with orange along the costal margin and on the stronger veins of the forewing, and with a more extensive orange Ficure 21.—Localities for Priocnemioides austrinus fuscatus. 54 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 suffusion caused by orange hairs against the blackish wing membrane. The paratype has more orange on the wings than the type. Type: 9, Theodore, Ala., June 12, 1917 (Ithaca). Paratype: 9, on flowers of Cicuta maculata, Osage County, Kans., Aug. 5, 1950, H. E. Evans (Evans). 2b. Priocnemioides austrinus austrinus (Banks) PuaTe 1, FIGURE 5 Cryptocheilus austrinus Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 102, 9. Type: 9, Texas (Cambridge). Wings orange, infuscate apically and at the base. Specimens from central Kansas and Texas often have the orange of the wings some- what suffused with brownish, and are thus somewhat intermediate to the subspecies fuscatus. Figure 22.—Localities for Priocnemtoides austrinus austrinus. SPECIMENS (28.7, 229): From Colorado (Boulder); Kansas (Barber County, Butler County, Cheyenne County, Comanche County, Dick- inson County, Ellis County, Ford County, Gray County, Hamilton County, Harvey County, Manhattan, Morton County, Neosho County, Russell County, Scott City, and Sedgwick County); and Texas (Clarendon, College Station, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Fedor, Hunt County, Maxwell, Williamson County, and Wolfe City). Most collection dates are from June 16 to the end of August. Those outside of this range are: May 8, May 21, and Oct. 2 at College Sta- tion, Tex.; June 6 at Fedor, Tex.; Sept. 17 at Maxwell, Tex.; and Sept. 22 at Dallas, Tex. Flower records comprise Melilotus alba, Symphoricarpos, Ampelopsis arborea, and Solidago. This subspecies occurs in Texas, Kansas, and Colorado (Boulder). Adults occur mostly from June to September. PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 0 Figure 23.—Localities for Priocnemioides magnus. 3. Priecnemioides magnus (Cresson) Pompilus (Priocnemis) magnus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 111, 9. Type: 9, Georgia (Philadelphia). Forewing of male 14 to 19 mm. long, of female 17 to 22 mm. long. Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron smooth, without wrinkles; hind tibia of male subcarinate and with rudimentary teeth dorsally; hind tibia of female with a dorsal row of rather narrow teeth that are about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristle beyond each; sixth ster- nite of male laterally with long, erect, black hairs, discally with shorter, sparse, erect hairs; subgenital plate of male apically with short, dense, erect hairs, the hairs longer apicolaterally. Black. Flagellum orange; wings black; head and thorax without distinct iridescence. Specimens: o’, 29, Tifton, Ga., F. A. Eddy (Cambridge). 29, Tifton, Ga. (Washington). @ (type), Ga. (Philadelphia). 9, Lake- hurst, N. J., July 21, 1921 (Cambridge). 9, Riverhead, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1917, W. T. Davis (Cambridge). o, Judson, N. C., July 19, 1923, J. C. Crawford (Raleigh). 9, Spout Springs, N. C., July 10, 1929 (State College, Raleigh). o, Wilmington, N.C., June 23, 1928, T. B. Mitchell (State College, Raleigh). 9, Bryant, Tex., June 17, 1927, S. E. McGregor (Krombein). 29, Fedor, Tex., May 19 and 25, 1909, Birkmann (Cambridge). 9, Los Olmos Creek, Kenedy County, Tex., June 18, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). o, 2, Mount Pleasant, Titus County, Tex., June 13, 1918, H. E. Evans (Evans). o’, Rock Island, Tex., May 31, 1922, G. O. Wiley (St. Paul). o, Victoria, Tex., Aug. 16, 1913, J. D. Mitchell (Washington). 9, Williamson County, Tex., May 29, 1933, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). This species occurs in the Gulf and Atlantic States north to Long Island. 56 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 4. Priocnemioides texanus (Cresson) Forewing of male 12 to 16 mm. long, of female 15 to 20 mm. long; clypeus of male about 2.5 as wide as long, of female about 2.7 as wide as long; temple not receding from just behind the eye, so that the head as seen from above is almost or quite as wide across the temples as across the eyes; propodeum and metapleuron smooth, not at all wrinkled; hind femur about 4.7 as long as wide; teeth on dorsal side of hind tibia of male distinct, oblique, of female prominent and rather wide, about as wide as the length of the bristle beyond each; sixth sternite of male laterally with long, erect, black hairs, discally without long erect hairs; subgenital plate of male with a marginal brush of hairs, these hairs longer on the lateroapical margin than on the apical margin; discal hairs on male subgenital plate short, declinate. Black. Wings almost entirely black to mostly orange, according to the subspecies; head and thorax with a faint purple iridescence. This species occurs in the Southwestern States and eastward to Louisiana. It comprises two subspecies. 4a. Priocnemioides texanus atripennis, new subspecies Wings black. Type: o', Opelousas, La., May 25, 1897, G. R. Pilate (Washing- ton, USNM 61696). A 2 cs 7 ; f i eer Y toa AY ZY JL, i ee = j maa et tf Werte see Gq ™; ie ! = De ear ie N j fae -t j ey i \ Awe Se ql \ | j =——— y \ ees eft oc ! i \ be No fe fase I ; \-5 oF ¥y \} — | Set 7 { | (aa frome ALIALY a i i mG we f Figure 24.—Locality for Priocnemioides texanus atripennis. 4b. Priocnemioides texanus texanus (Cresson) Priocnemis teranus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 204, @#, 9. Lectotype: @, Texas (Philadelphia). Wings mostly orange, ranging from clear orange with the apical part and the extreme base rather abruptly infuscate in specimens from the PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI BF 1 By fae Seleree as ea AQ JP ‘ iF — er fi eh om lh } we ~ pore ey t. — —~_ be i= —~ am a yw i h ardor 1% Ficure 25.—Localities for Priocnemioides texanus texanus. greater part of its range, to somewhat suffused with brownish and with the basal and apical parts darker in many specimens from Kansas and eastern Texas. ‘These latter specimens are somewhat intermediate to the subspecies airipennis. Specimens (84<', 439): From Arizona (Apache, Joseph City, Kayenta, and Navajo Mt. in Navajo County) ; California (Coalinga, Davis, Dos Palos, Firebaugh, Hemet, Mojave River in Apple Valley, Oxalis in Fresno County, and Patterson); Kansas (Finney County, Grant County, Gray County, Hamilton County, Haskell County, Morton County, and Scott City); New Mexico (Broadview and Cim- arron); Oklahoma (McAlester); Texas (Bexar County, Brazos County, Brownsville, Calvert, Fort Davis, Friona, Hunt County, Kaufman County, McLennan County, Marfa, Maxwell, Navarro, Port Isabel, Roanoke, Waco, and Williamson County); and México (Puerta de la Goriona at 4,900 ft. in the Sierra del Carmen of Coa- huila). Most collection dates are from June 1 to Aug. 21. Those outside of this range are May 25 in Williamson County, Tex.; May 28 on the Mojave River in Apple Valley, Calif.; May 30 at Navarro, Tex.; May 31 in Bexar County, Tex.; Sept. 5 at Firebaugh, Calif.; and Oct. 8 at Calvert, Tex. Flower records comprise three collections on Asclepias and one each on Avicennia, Baccharis, and Petalostemum. This subspecies is widespread in the Southwestern States and occurs in adjacent México. Adults occur during the summer months. FULVICORNIS GROUP Mesosternum with a weak triangular projection on the ridge in front of each middle coxa; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa well developed; brush on inner side of hind tibia inter- 58 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 rupted subapically, or in some females not quite interrupted; second sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike swellings surmounted by a pair of weak approximate tubercles; sixth sternite of male gently concave, with some long erect hairs on each side; subgenital plate of male approximately flat, with a median basal longitudinal elevation, and its free margin with some long hairs. This species group includes fulvicornis and angusticeps of North America; unifasciatus of North and South America; molestus Banks 1946, of South America; and (Pompilus) Priocnemioides lammipennis Smith, new combination (=Pompilus ignipennis Cresson, new synony- my), of the West Indies. 5. Priocnemioides fulvicornis (Cresson) Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulvicornis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 112, #, 9. Lectotype: @, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia). Forewing of male 12.5 to 16.5 mm. long, of female 14.5 to 21 mm. long; temple rather full, the head almost or quite as wide at the temples as at the eyes; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum rather short; propodeum with rather fine obscure transverse wrinkling, or in the Figure 26.—Localities for Priocnemioides fulvicornts. male usually smooth; second sternite of female with the tubercles averaging a little more prominent and farther apart than in P. angus- ticeps or P. unifasciatus; subgenital plate of male with a low, weak, median longitudinal ridge that tapers from the base. Black. Flagellum orange; wings entirely black. SPECIMENS (219, 2239): From Alabama (Mobile and Tusca- loosa); Arkansas (Arkadelphia, Hazen, and Springdale); District of Columbia; Florida (Coconut Grove, Jacksonville, Miami, and Mic- cosukee); Georgia (Albany, Tifton, and Warrenton); Illinois (Hanna PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 59 City, Homer Park, and Peoria); Indiana (Bedford, Lawrence County, and Posey County); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff); Kansas (Allen County, Anderson County, Baldwin, Barber County, Bourbon County, Chero- kee County, Clark County, Clay County, Comanche County, Cowley County, Crawford County, Dickinson County, Douglas County, Franklin County, Harvey County, Kiowa County, Labette County, Manhattan, Morris County, Onaga, Randolph, Reno County, Rice County, Russell County, Sedgwick County, Smith County, Topeka, Wallace County, and Winfield); Louisiana (Darrow, New Orleans, Opelousas, St. Landry, Schriever, and Sunset); Maryland (Burtons- ville, Glen Echo, Prince Georges County, Springfield, and Takoma Park); Mississippi (De Soto County and Holly Springs); Missouri (Atherton, Jackson, Overland, St. Louis, and Springfield); Nebraska (South Sioux City); New Jersey (Gloucester County, Moorestown, and Westville); New Mexico (Magdalena Mts.); New York (Brook- lyn); North Carolina (Beaufort, Hobucken, Kingsboro, Marion, Mount Mitchell, Overhills, Raleigh, Salisbury, Statesville, Swanna- noa, Wallace, and Winston); Ohio (Champaign County, Highland County, Hocking County, Jackson, Lancaster, and Pickaway County) ; Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) ; Tennessee (Grassy Grove in Cumberland County, and Roan Mountain in Carter County); Texas (Anahuac, Boca Chica, Brownsville, Burleson County, Calvert, College Station, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Dayton, Dickinson, Fedor, Fort Bend County, Galveston, Giddings, Hopkins County, Hunt County, Liberty, Liberty Hill, McKinney, McLennon County, Maxwell, Mount Pleasant, Olivia, Palmetto Park at Gonzales, Paris, Plano, Port Isabel, Robs- town, Rock Island, Seagoville, San Jacinto County, Trinity, Victoria, Waco, Wellsville, Williamson County, Willis, and Wolfe City); and Virginia (Hast Falls Church, Falls Church, Nelson County, and Vienna). Dates of capture in the Upper Austral Zone are mostly in July and August, but in the Lower Austral Zone the normal flight season seems to be May to early October. Early and late dates of special interest are: Apr. 6 at College Station, Tex.; Apr. 11 at Miami, Fla.; Apr. 17 at Victoria, Tex.; May 9 at Opelousas, La.; June 9 at Kingsboro, N. C.; June 13 at Raleigh, N. C.; Sept. 5 at Takoma Park, Md.; Sept. 9 at Jackson, Ohio; October at Winfield, Kans.; Oct. 1 at Raleigh, N. C.; Oct. 3 at Victoria, Tex.; Oct. 5 to 9 at Jacksonville, Fla.; and Oct. 30 at Anahuac, Tex. and in Bexar County, Tex. Flower records include Melilotus alba, Polygonum lapathifolium, Ampe- lopsis arborea, Monarda punctata, Huphorbia marginata, Polytaenia nuttallii, and Solidago. The only host record is Lycosa avida, being transported by a female collected at Baldwin, Kans., by J. C. Bridwell. 60 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 This is a common species of the Austroriparian and Carolinian faunas. There is an isolated record from New Mexico (207, Magda- lena Mts., N. Mex., July 1894, F. H. Snow (Lawrence)). Adults are on the wing mostly in July and August. 6. Priocnemioides angusticeps, new species PLATE 2, FIGURE 17 Forewing of male 11 to 15 mm. long, of female 14 to 18 mm. long; temple rather sloping, the head somewhat narrower across the temples than across the eyes; pronotum of male a little longer than in P. ful- vicornis or P. unifasciatus; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum moderately long; propodeum with rather fine transverse wrinkling, most distinct in the female; subgenital plate of male with a low, weak, median longitudinal ridge that tapers from the base. Figure 27.—Localities for Priocnemioides angusticeps. Black. Flagellum orange; wings orange, infuscate basally and apically. In the forewing the basal infuscate area extends about 0.4 the distance to the basal vein and the apical infuscation just reaches or invades the apex of the radial cell. This species is superficially similar to P. unifasciatus cressoni but may be distinguished by the tapering shape of the median longitudinal raised area on the male subgenital plate, the narrower temple, and the broader apical infuscation on the forewing. Tyrer: o', Brownsville, Tex., May (Washington, USNM 61697). PARATYPES (3767, 389): From Texas (Bexar County, Boca Chica, Brownsville, Burnet, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Dallas, Edin- burgh, Fedor, Liberty Hill, Maxwell, New Braunfels, Palmetto Park at Gonzales, Port Isabel, Victoria, and Williamson County); and México (Ahuacatlén in Nayarit, Alpuyeca in Morelos, Guadalajara, PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 61 Los Mochis in Sinaloa, Medellin in Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tejupilco in Temescaltepec, and Zetacuaro in Michoacan). Dates of capture are mostly from June to September. Those out- side of this range are: April at Edinburgh, Tex.; May at Brownsville, Tex.; May 17 at Burnet, Tex.; Oct. 4 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex.; Oct. 15 in Brazos County, Tex.; and Dec. 10 at Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México. Flower records include only Euphorbia marginata. This species is known only from Texas and México. Adults are on the wing through most of the growing season. 7. Priocnemioides unifasciatus (Say) Forewing of male 9 to 17 mm. long, of female 10 to 21 mm. long; temple rather swollen, so that the head across the temples is as wide or a little wider than across the eyes; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum moderately long; propodeum with rather fine but sharp transverse wrinkling, most distinct in the female; seventh sternite of male with a median longitudinal raised spatulate area. Black. Flagellum fulvous; wings varying from orange with the base and apex infuscate to entirely black, according to the subspecies. This species ranges from the United States to Patagonia, but is represented in that area by a number of subspecies which because of their evident color differences have been considered species. They are structurally similar but with gradual geographic variation in some of the characters which reach distinctive extremes at the ends of the range. ‘The structural differences between the subspecies, all minor, are in the width of the head across the temples (widest in the Chilean subspecies, thence gradually narrowing to the Nearctic subspecies unifasciatus), the prominence of the raised spatulate area on the male seventh sternite (most prominent in the Chilean subspecies, thence gradually less prominent to the Nearctic subspecies uni- fasciatus) and size (averaging smallest in the Chilean and Argentinean subspecies and largest in the North American forms). In addition, the Chilean subspecies has the flagellar segments somewhat shorter than in the others. The color differences are described below, where all the subspecies are treated, though only three of them are Nearctic. Key to the subspecies of Priocnemioides unifasciatus 1, Forewing entirely black; habitat: Pera, Bolivia, and parts of Paraguay and rerio ee oP pe at ee a nee ee gt ee 7f. peruvianus (Rohwer) Harewing mOre Or less OPAHEG cha Page.) Ge ee Ble oe ae ek ws 2 2. Forewing black with a large subapical orange spot (pl. 2, fig. 18); habitat: United States east of the 100th. meridian. . . . 7a. unifasciatus (Say) Forewing orange or infuscate orange with more or less of the base and apex BESO ES ee a si .2 oe ee ae ie ea kace ce eS ss 3 347756—57——_5 62 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 3. Basal and apical infuscate portion of forewing merging rather gradually with the orange of the rest of the wing, which itself is usually dusky orange rather than clear orange; habitat: most of Argentina and adjacent Brazil. Ze. luteicornis (Lepeletier) Basal and apical infuscate portions of forewing joining rather abruptly with the clear orange of the rest of the wing. . 4 4. Base of forewing infuscate beyond the tegula fon poet i 5 the length of one tegula; longitudinal spatulate area on male subgenital plate a little more strongly raised; flagellar segments of female a little shorter; habitat: Chile and coastal Perl. .. . . . . 7g. dumosus (Spinola) Base of forewing infuscate beyond the tepula an 2.0 or more the length of the tegula; longitudinal spatulate area on male subgenital plate a little less strongly raised; flagellar segments of female a little longer. . . . ao 5. Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.65 the distance to the basal vein; hepa: Panamé4 and northern South America. ....... . 7d. ences Banks Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.2 to 0.4 the distance to the basal vein . 6 6. Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.35 the distance to the basal vein; habitat: México and southwestern United States, except California and Baja Cali- FOTRIG sos Bere ... . . Tb. cressoni (Banks) Base of forewing iataneate ioe abode 0. 25 he distance to the basal vein (pl. 2, fig. 19); habitat: California and Baja California. 7c. californicus, new subspecies 7a. Priocnemioides unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say) FicurE 1,e; PLATE 2, FIGURE 18 Pompilus unifasciatus Say, 1828, American entomology, vol. 3, p. 92 (Leconte edition, vol. 1, p. 92), 2. Type: 9, Easton, Pa. (destroyed). Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum orange; wings blackish, the forewing with a large subapical orange spot which is not sharply defined. A specimen from Victoria, Tex., is intermediate to the subspecies cressoni. Figure 28.—Localities for Priocnemioides unifasciatus untfasctatus. PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 63 SPECIMENS (5607, 1362): From Florida (Paradise Key); Georgia (Atlanta, Head River, Sitton’s Gulch, Summerville, and Yonah Mountain); Illinois (Algonquin, Bloomington, and Hanna City); Indiana (Allen County and Trevlac); Kansas (Allen County, Baldwin, Manhattan, Osborne County, Randolph, Riley County, Russell County, Topeka, Wilcox County, and Wilson County); Kentucky (Trenton); Louisiana (New Orleans); Maryland (Chesapeake Beach, Indian Head, and Laurel); Massachusetts (Sagamore and Woods Hole); Michigan (Wayne County); Mississippi (Iuka); Missouri (Cadet, St. Louis, Springfield, and Willard); New Jersey (Alpine and Gloucester County); New York (Bear Mt., Cold Spring Harbor, Fort Montgomery, Hamburg, Mastic, Niagara Falls, and Tuxedo); North Carolina (Blantyre, Bryson City, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville, Hamrick, Jonas Ridge, Swannanoa, and Wilkes County); Ohio (Athens County, Delaware County, Hocking County, Logan County, and Put in Bay); Ontario (Chatham and Pelee Island); Pennsylvania (Columbia and Rockville); South Carolina (Greenville and Table Rock in Greenville County); Texas (Bastrop County, Brazos County, Dallas, Fedor in Lee County, Hunt County, Jefferson County, Madison County, and Victoria); Virginia (Dunn Loring, Falls Church, Germantown, Great Falls, Hungry Mother, Nelson County, Penning- ton Gap, Vienna, Wingina, and Wytheville); West Virginia (Bargers Springs and Lewisburg); and Wisconsin (Milwaukee and Washington County). Most dates of collection fall between July 20 and Sept. 13, or in Texas from June 1 to Sept. 25. Those outside these ranges are “June” in Riley County, Kansas; June 29 at Bloomington, IIl.; July 14 at Columbia, Pa., and at Iuka, Miss.; July 19 in Gloucester County, N. J.; Sept. 17 in Hocking County, Ohio; Sept. 21 at Great Falls, Va., and in Allen County, Ind.; and Oct. 3 at Greenville, S. C., and in Hunt County, Tex. Flower records include Euphorbia marginata and Solidago. A female was taken at Indian Head, Md., by J. C. Bridwell while transporting Lycosa riparia. This subspecies occurs mostly in the Carolinian fauna. Most adults are on the wing from about July 20 to early September. The favorite habitat seems to be overgrown fields, especially among bushes and along the edges of woods. 7b. Priocnemioides unifasciatus cressoni (Banks) Cryptocheilus flammipennis, as frequently misdetermined by authors. Cryptocheilus cressoni Banks, 1929, Psyche, vol. 36, p. 326, oo, 9. Lectotype: 9, Texas (Cambridge). Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum orange; wings orange, fuscous basally and apically. The fuscous 64 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Figure 29.—Localities for Priocnemioides untfasciatus cressont. basal portion extends about 0.35 the distance to the basal vein, and the fuscous apical portion does not reach or just reaches the apex of the radial cell. This subspecies is superficially similar to and often confused with the species P. angusticeps (see p. 60 for distinguishing notes). It has also been confused needlessly with the West Indian P. flammi- pennis. SPECIMENS (55<7, 969): From Arizona (Chiricahua Mts., Douglas, Dragoon Mts., Huachuca Mts., Mormon Lake in Coconino County at 7,000 ft., Nogales, San Bernardino Ranch in Cochise County at 3,750 ft., Santa Rita Mts. at 5,000 to 8,000 ft., Stocton Pass in the Pinaleno Mts., Sunnyside Canyon in the Huachuca Mts., Tucson, and Workman Creek in the Sierra Ancha); Colorado (Berkeley, Clear Creek, and Gunnison); Kansas (Reno County); New Mexico (Hells Canyon, Jemez Mts., Mesilla, and State College); Texas (Abilene, Austin, Bexar County, Boerne, Burnet, Carrizo Springs, Cotulla, Cypress Mills, Dime Box, Eastland County, Edinburg, Fedor, Fort Davis, Frio State Park in Frio County, Hunt County, Laredo, Liberty Hill, Limpia Canyon in the Davis Mts. at 5,000 ft., Longhorn State Park in Burnet County, Marfa, Menard County, New Braun- fels, Port Isabel, San Antonio, Sheffield, Twin Sisters, Victoria, and Williamson County); Utah (Salt Lake); Guatemala (Antigua); and México (Chihuahua [city], Coyotes in Durango, El] Cercado in Nuevo Leon, Guadalajara, Jacoma in Michoacin, Juarez, Los Mochis in Sinaloa, México [city], Oaxaca, San Rafael Jicoltepec, Tlalnepantla, Valleciilo in Nueva Leén, and Xochimilco). The collection dates fall mostly between May 10 and Oct. 1. Records outside this range are Mar. 28 at Cotulla, Tex.; “‘April” at Edinburg, Tex.; Apr. 3 and May 4 at San Antonio, Tex.; Apr. 29 and PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 65 May 8 in Williamson County, Tex.; May 4 in Hunt County, Tex.; May 6 at Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz.; Oct. 5 in Williamson County, Tex.; Oct. 24 at Laredo Tex.; and Oct. 26 at Carrizo Springs, Tex. Ail the records for males fall between May 8 and July 27, except for a male taken Aug. 8 at Coyotes, Durango, México. Flower records include Euphorbia marginata, Sapindus drummondii, Condalia lycioides, Polytaenia nuttallui, Tamarix gallica, and Baccharis salicina. This subspecies occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna from Texas to Arizona and south to Guatemala. Te. Priocnemioides unifasciatus californicus, new subspecies PLATE 2, FIGURE 19 Cryptocheilus flammipennis and Cryptocheilus cressoni, as frequently misdeter- mined by authors. Similar to the subspecies cressoni but with less fuscous at the wing bases, the basal infuscation of the forewing extending only about 0.25 the distance to the basal vein. Freure 30.—Localities for Priocnemioides unifasciatus californicus. This subspecies bears about the same color and geographic relation to Priocnemioides unifasciatus cressoni as does Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera to H. ustulata ustulata. It is of interest to note that the subspecies californicus extends into Baja California and intergrades with cressoni probably near the California~Arizona boundary, while the subspecies ochroptera does not reach Baja California and inter- grades with its more eastern counterpart (subspecies ustulata) in southern California. Tyre 9, Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, Calif., July 10, 1947, U. N. Lanham (Washington, USNM 61698). ParaTyYPEs (60c’, 1639, including 307, 199 collected with the type by P. D. Hurd and U. N. Lanham): From California (Antioch, 66 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Benicia, Berkeley, Blythe, Calexico, Canby, Clarksburg, Clayton, Davis, Del Puerto Canyon in Stanislaus County, Dixon, Dos Palos, Firebaugh in Fresno County, Hemet, Holtville, Imperial County, La Grange, Lemoncove, Los Angeles, Mendota, Morgan Hill, Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County, National City, Newport Bay in Orange County, Niles, Nipomo, Old Town in San Diego County, Oxalis in Fresno County, Petaluma, Redwood City, Ripley, Sacra- mento, Sacramento River Valley, San Diego, San Dimas, San Jose, Stanford University, Telsa in Alameda County, Temecula, Tracy, Vacaville, Walnut Creek, and Willows); and Baja California, México (Catavina, 20 miles north of Comondt, and Purissima). Most dates of capture are in July and August, but a number of others extend the usual distribution from June 2 to Sept. 27, and the subspecies has been taken at Blythe, Calif., on May 7 and Oct. 3 and at Telsa, Calif. on Oct. 15. Two collections were made on the flowers of Asclepias. This subspecies occurs in central and southern California and in Baja California. Most adults are on the wing from early June to late September. 7d. Priocnemioides unifasciatus urichi Banks, new status Priocnemioides urichi Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 89,9. Type: 2, northwestern part of Trinidad (Cambridge). Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus medium brown; flagellum orange; wings orange, fuscous basally and apically. The fuscous basal portion extends about 0.65 the distance to the basal vein, and the fuscous apical portion does not reach or just reaches the apex of the radial cell. SPECIMENS (407, 99): From Panamé (Chiriqui and Barro Colorado Island); Colombia (Cincinnati); Trinidad; Venezuela (Mérida and Valera); and Ecuador (Mera). Te. Priecnemicides unifasciatus luteicornis (Lepeletier), new status Calicurgus luteicornis Lepeletier 1845, Histoire naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres, vol. 3, p. 404, 9. Type: 9, Province des Mines, Brazil (?Paris). ?Pepsis Bonariensis Lepeletier, 1845, Historie naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres, vol. 3, p. 476, 9. Type: 9, Buenos Aires, Argentina (?Paris). Priocnemioides tenebrosus Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 480, o', @ (mew synonymy). Type: ?, Brazil (Cambridge). Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus light brown; flagellum orange; wings orange but more or less suffused with brownish and distinctly infuscate basally and apically. The basal and apical infuscation is not as sharply defined as in the subspecies uricha, cressoni, and californicus. Specimens of the present subspecies from Argentina in general have less brownish suffusion on the wings than do those from elsewhere. PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 67 Banks (1946) identifies this form as bonariensis Lepeletier, which was described originally in Pepsis. While Lepeletier’s specific description agrees, his generic description of the venation of Pepsis does not. An examination of his type may show, however, that this is the form he had. SPECIMENS (70, 159): From Argentina (Bolivar, Carcaraifia, Cérdova, Mendoza, Muiiecas, Salta, “San Juan’, and Tucumén); Brazil (Campinas, Maldonado, Maracaju in Mato Grosso, and Rio de Janeiro); Pert (Villa Rica); and Uruguay (Montevideo). 7f. Priocnemioides unifasciatus peruvianus (Rohwer), new status Cryptocheilus peruvianus Rohwer, 1913, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 440, 9. Type: 9, Santa Ana, Pert, 3,000 ft. (Washington). Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus medium brown; flagellum orange; wings black with a slightly brownish tint. This subspecies has a strong superficial resemblance to the Nearctic P. fulvicornis. It may be distinguished by the longer hair on the upper part of the pronotum and by the more distinct wrinkles on the pro- podeum, in addition to the specific differences described in the key. SpEcIMENS: 9, Misiones, Argentina, Feb. 4,%1942, A. L. Parker (Washington). 9, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, J. Steinback (Cambridge). Q (type), Santa Ana, 3,000 ft., Peri, Aug. 3, 1911 (Washington). o', Valle Chanchamayo, Pert, 800 m., “1-3-30,’”’ Weyrauch (Cam- bridge). 7g. Priocnemioides unifasciatus dumosus (Spinola), new status Pompilus dumosus Spinola, 1851, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile, zoologia, vol. 6, p. 376, #@, 29. Types: Coquimbo, Chile (?Paris). Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum orange; wings orange with the apical margin and the base for a very short distance (equal to about 1.5 the length of the tegula) fuscous. Spinola mentioned having specimens from Brazil and from Co- quimbo in Chile. Since the Brazilian specimens may have repre- sented a different species or subspecies, the type locality is hereby restricted to Coquimbo, Chile. SPECIMENS (12c’, 199): From Chile (Correntoso River, Maipt, Melipilla, Rio Negro, Santiago, Valparaiso, and the mainland near Chiloe Island); and Pert (Lima and Trijillo). Genus Cryptocheilus Panzer Salius Fabricius, 1804, Systema Piezatorum . . ., p. 127 (preoccupied). Type: Sphex sexpunctata Fabricius; designated by Guérin, 1849. Cryptocheilus Panzer, 1806, Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutsch- lands ..., Band 2, p. 120. Type: Sphex annulata Fabricius; designated by Westwood, 1840. 68 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Cryptochilus Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la nature . . . , p. 125 (Emendation). Adonta Billberg, 1820, Enumeratio insectorum . . . , p. 101;(New name for Salius). Stenoclavelia Arnold, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 15, p. 44. Type: Steno- clavelia mirabilis Arnold; original designation. Chilochares Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: (Crypto- chetlus birkmanni Banks) = idoneum birkmanni Banks; original designation. Adirostes Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 465. Type: Adirostes tolteca Banks; original designation. Medium sized species, or sometimes rather large, of average stout- ness, the Nearctic species with forewing 6 to 14 mm. long; clypeus medium or rather large, convex; pronotum moderately long, its hind margin arcuate or somewhat angled at the middle; second inter- cubital vein straight or somewhat curved; second recurrent vein reaching the second cubital cell near or somewhat beyond its middle; cubital vein reaching wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without a distinct irregularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.25 to 0.5 its length; nervellus ending basad of juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.65 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 6); hind tibia with a dorsal serration, weaker in the male; brush on inner side of hind tibia in the Nearctic species rather narrow and with a subapical interruption; under side of hind tarsus of male with a close fringe of hairs extending from its base to beyond the middle (this fringe is absent in all other Nearctic Pepsinae except Priocne- mioides.); last tarsal segment with two regular rows of bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claws erect, acute. The Nearctic species of Cryptocheilus are all closely related. In the Old World the genus is very much larger and with a structural diversity that poses problems in generic distinctions from other complexes of species. The males of certain Old World species have the thorax, especially the pronotum, elongate. The name Stenoclavelia was proposed for such males. Keys to the Nearctic species of Cryptocheilus MALES 1. Flagellum enue orange, or its basal segment partly alee body pubescence dark gray; wings largely orange. . Ass ited rin icon Flagellum eee blackish; body eieesnenes pisckish me ra ee ot es bd . Median apical notch on et sternite about 0.5 as deep as wide; apical margin of clypeus weakly concave; subgenital plate rather short. 3. pallidipenne (Banks) Median apical notch on sixth sternite about 1.2 as deep as wide; apical mar- gin of clypeus weakly convex; subgenital plate elongate. 4. attenuatum Banks PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 69 . Median longitudinal ridge on subgenital plate narrow throughout; clypeus in front view with its apex truncate or weakly concave, or convex. ... 4 Median longitudinal ridge on subgenital plate very broad basally; pieeas in front view with its apex moe notched, either very broadly or rather nar- TOWly;. aes : Ss urs . 6 . Median longreacieel stine on Seana sine “ah eather donee black ers: wings black... : . . . . 1. hesperus (Banks) Median longitudinal eee on pa ecuital lee without hairs that are dense or denser than on the rest of its surface; wings blackish or largely yellow. SUBS P CLES OP TWH MINAIIIE. (5.5 waldo. ail psec: G2 sinsic tobe aot ve) leynelivop play ms . Wings entirely black... . . . 2a. terminatum subopacum (Cresson) Wings yellow, their apices broadly blackish. 2b. terminatum terminatum (Say) . Clypeus with a rather deep, U-shaped apical notch; longitudinal raised area on subgenital plate lanceolate, flat above and with sharp edges. 5. severini Banks Clypeus with a broad shallow apical emargination; longitudinal raised area on subgenital plate one triangular, without sharp edges. SUBSPECIES OF IDONEUM . . BRON oe emer eal ese ener te ce Reh oe con, ci ome te sy neg ere otal! . Wings entirely black Ye . . . . 6a. idoneum idoneum Banks Wings yellow, their apices blackish . . . 6b. idoneum birkmanni Banks FEMALES . Flagellum entirely orange, or its basal segment ee fuscous; wings largely orange; body pubescence dark gray. . . IDPS Tee oan oe Flagellum entirely blackish; body pubescence ince Steyr opis pacttges . Mandible, when not worn, about 0.75 as long as the extreme width of the clypeus; apex of mandible not unusually broad; clypeus a little shorter and a little more strongly convex; range: Arizona and California. 3. pallidipenne (Banks) Mandible, when not worn, about 0.85 as long as the extreme width of the clypeus; apex of mandible broad; clypeus a little longer and a little less con- vex; range: Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, and Iowa. 4. attenuatum Banks . Propodeum and metapleuron with close sharp transverse or oblique wrinkles; wings black; range: California, Oregon, Utah, and Nevada. 1. hesperus (Banks) Propodeum and metapleuron smooth or with fine weak wrinkles. . . . .. 4 . Apical margin of clypeus rather strongly concave; wings yellow, the apex of the forewing rather broadly black. . .. . . .. . . 5. severini Banks Apical margin of clypeus less strongly concave; wings black or yellow with the apex of the forewing black. .... See hct kO: . Lower lateral corner of face with a dusky perusamtenits oe ely as in profile less convex. SUBSPECIESOFIDONEUM... . SPS aortas, CO Lower lateral corner of face without a pale mark; falge et in econ more con- vex. SUBSPECIES OF TERMINATUM... . Saige . Wings entirely black. . .. n Sahks 6a. sion ‘se dorteconn Banks Wings yellow, the apex of ae forewing blackish. 6b. ideoneum birkmanni Banks . Wings entirely black... . . . 2a. terminatum subopacum (Cresson) Wings yellow, infuscate ae . . 2b. terminatum terminatum (Say) 70 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Figure 31.—Localities for Cryptocheilus hesperus. 1. Cryptocheilus hesperus (Banks) Priocnemis hesperus Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 401, [9]. Type: 9 , Stanford University, Calif. (Cambridge). Cryptocheilus atratus Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 247, #, 2. Type: 2, Glenwood, Calif. (Ithaca). Mate: Forewing 6 to 8.5 mm. long; front view of clypeus with the apex weakly arcuately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply V-shaped with the bottom rounded; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, with a median longitudinal rounded ridge that is stronger basally and gradually weaker to the apex, the longitudinal ridge with a crest of short, dense black hairs; margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of short, dense black hairs and bristles. Colored as in the female. Frmauz: Forewing 6 to 12.5 mm. long; clypeus in side view strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.85 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth rather broad; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with close, sharp, transverse wrinkles (without or with a few indistinct wrinkles in the male and in both sexes of the other Nearctic Cryptocheilus). Black. Body pubescence blackish; wings blackish, the apical 0.23+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing deeper black. This species is very closely related to C. terminatum, differing in the possession of median crest of hair on the male subgenital plate and in having the female propodeum and metapleuron transversely wrinkled. SPECIMENS (2607, 1009): From California (Alameda County, Antioch, Atascadero, Benicia, Berkeley, Cajon Pass in San Bernar- dino County, Chile Bar in Eldorado County, Clayton, Concord, Davis Creek in Modoc County, Dixon, Dos Palos, Eldridge in Sonoma County, Felton, Harris, Laguna Beach, La Jolla, Lemoncove, Lindsay, PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI we Oroville, Patterson, Pinoche in Fresno County, Placerville, Priest Valley at 2,300 ft. in Monterey County, Quincy, Redwood City, Redwood Creek, Richardson Springs, San Mateo County, San Fran- cisco County, Santa Barbara, Santa Paula, Stanford University, Tracy, Wood Lake in Tulare County, and Ventura); Nevada (Reno); Oregon (Corvallis, Dufur, La Grande, Lane Benton Park 20 miles south of Corvallis, Malheur County, Pee Dee, and Yoncalla); and Utah (Fair West, Salt Lake, and Tooele). Collection dates are mostly in June, July, August, and September. Dates outside of these four months are: Apr. 15 at Ventura, Calif.; May 7 at San Andreas Lake, San Mateo County, Calif.; May 10 at Clayton, Calif.; May 15 at Pinoche, Fresno County, Calif.; May 19 at Richardson Springs, Calif.; May 20 at Felton, Calif.; May 26 at Wood Lake, Tulare County, Calif.; Oct. 2 at Concord, Calif.; Oct. 13 at Antioch, Calif.; Oct. 15 at Telsa, Alameda County, Calif.; and October at Green Valley, Solano County, Calif. Flower records comprise Cleome serrulata and Baccharis. This species has been collected commonly in California and Oregon and sparingly in Nevada and Utah. Adults are on the wing during the warmer part of the season. 2. Cryptocheilus terminatum (Say) Mate: Forewing 6 to 8.5 mm. long; front view of clypeus with the apex weakly arcuately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply V-shaped with the bottom sharp; subgenital plate tongue- shaped, with a weak median longitudinal rounded ridge that is stronger basally and gradually weaker to the apex, the longitudinal ridge without a crest of hairs; margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of short straight and longer curved black hairs. Coloration as in the female. Frmae: Forewing 7.5 to 10 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.80 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth moderately broad; propodeum without distinct wrinkles. Black. Body pubescence blackish; wings either entirely blackish or largely orange-yellow, according to the subspecies. There are two subspecies, differing only in wing color. It may be presumptuous to consider two forms subspecies without evidence of intergrades where their ranges approach, but with their ranges adja- cent and orly one character distinguishing the two populations, it seems reasonable to suppose that intergrades or other evidence of natural interbreeding will eventually come to view. An exactly similar situation occurs between the two forms here considered sub- species of Cryptocheilus idoneum. (2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 2a. Cryptocheilus terminatum subopacum (Cresson) Pompilus (Priocnemis) subopacus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 114, 7, 9. Lectotype: 9, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia). Wings blackish, the apical 0.25+ of the forewing and the apical margin of the hind wing deeper black. Specimens: 9, Washington, D. C., Sept. 5, 1948, D. Shappirio (Shappirio). o, Washington, D. C., Aug. 29, 1947, D. Shappirio (Shappirio). 29, Baldwin, Kans., July, Bridwell (Washington). 29, Marshall County, Kans., July 12 and 24, 1950, R. L. Fisher (Evans and Townes). 9, Sheridan County, Kans., F. X. Williams (Washing- ton). 9, Glen Echo, Md., R. M. Fouts (Washington). 9, Camden County, N. J., July 12, 1891 (Washington). 9 (type), Pennsylvania Figure 32.—Localities for Cryptocheilus terminatum subopacum. (Philadelphia). <, Lobo, Tex., July 8, 1917 (Ithaca). 6c, Dunn Loring (near Vienna), Va., July 18 and 31, 1948, July 24 and 30, and Aug. 6, 1949, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and Townes). 792, Dunn Loring, Va., June 26, 1949, July 18, 1948, July 27, 1947, Aug. 2, 1947, Aug. 21, 1949, and Aug. 22, 1948, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and Townes). o', Falls Church, Va., Aug. 30 (Cambridge). 49, Falls Church, Va., July 12, Aug. 30, Sept. 10 and 16, N. Banks (Cambridge). This subspecies has been collected in the vicinities of Washington and Philadelphia, in Kansas, and at Lobo, Tex. The recorded flight season is from June 26 to Sept. 16. 2b. Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum (Say) PLATE 2, FIGURE 20 Pompilus terminatus Say, 1828, American entomology vol. 3, p. 92 (Leconte edition, vol. 1, p. 92), 9. Type: 9, near Arkansaw River, 200 miles east of Rocky Mts. (destroyed). Cryptocheilus carinatus Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, 3. Type: 3’, Orman Dam, S. Dak. (Cambridge). PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 73 Wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.25+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing blackish. This subspecies is one of three species or subspecies of Cryptocheilus agreeing moderately well with Say’s description and figure of Pompilus terminatus and all three plus others have been identified as terminatus by various workers. The present form is the only one with the apical dark area of the forewing as wide as described by Say and the name terminatum thus seems applicable to it alone. Specimens (300, 519): From Alberta (Lethbridge); Arizona (Flagstaff, McNary, Mormon Lake, Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000 ft., Santa Rita Mts., and Sunnyside Canyon in the Huachuca Mts.); British Columbia (Fort Steele); Colorado (Boulder, Clear Creek in Jefferson County at 6,000 to 7,000 ft., Home, and Owl Canyon in Larimer County) ; Kansas (Cheyenne County, Gove County, Sherman County, Thomas County, and Wallace County); Minnesota (Argyle, Hallock, Kittson County, Lancaster, Ortonville, and Polk County) ; Montana; New Mexico (Raton); North Dakota (northeastern) ; South Dakota (Custer and Orman Dam); Texas (8 miles and 30 miles Ficure 33.—Localities for Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum. west of Fort Davis); Washington (Pullman); Wyoming (Chimney Rock); and México (Sombrerete in Zacatecas and Teotihuacan). Most collection dates are in July and August. Unusually early and late dates are: June 24 at Flagstaff, Ariz.; June 29 at Clear Creek, 6,000 to 7,000 ft., Jefferson County, Colo.; July 4 at 30 miles west of Fort Davis, Tex.; July 9 in Sunnyside Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Ariz.; Aug. 26 at Lancaster, Minn.; Aug. 27 at Home, Colo.; Sept. 7 at Argyle, Minn.; and Sept. 21 at Boulder, Colo. This subspecies occurs in the Transition Zone of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountain area. Adults are on the wing mostly in July and August. 14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 Figure 34.—Localities for Cryptocheilus pallidipenne. 3. Cryptocheilus pallidipenne (Banks) Priocnemoides (!) pallidipennis Banks, 1911. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 236, [9]. Type: 9, Tucson, Ariz. (Cambridge). Mate: Forewing 8 to 9 mm. long; clypeus in front view with its apex moderately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply U-shaped; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, somewhat convex but without a median ridge; apical margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of short stout hairs. Coloration as in the female. FrmauEe: Forewing 8 to 10 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.75 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth moderately broad. Black. Body pubescence dark gray; flagellum orange, its first segment infuscate basally; wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.21+ of the forewing and the apical margin of the hind wing fuscous. SPECIMENS: 9, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., July 9, 1941, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). @, Tempe, Ariz., Aug. 15, D. K. Duncan (Krombein). @ (type), Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Cambridge). o', 9, Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Townes). ¢, Walnut, Ariz., June 30, 1936, E.S. Ross (San Francisco). <, Blythe, Calif., May 19, 1947, E.G. Linsley (Berkeley). 4 &%, Brawley, Calif., Aug. 9, 1914, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca and Cambridge). o, 92, Calexico, Calif., August (Cambridge). 99, Imperial County, Calif., May and June, 1911, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 5 o, Imperial County, Calif., April, May, and June, 1911, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 2°, Ripley, Calif., Aug. 19, 1946, J. W. MacSwain (Berkeley). 29, Seeley, Calif., July 17, 1940, E. E. Kenaga (St. Paul and Lawrence). PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI To 9, Mesilla, N. Mex., June 30, 1897, A. P. Morse (Washington). 9, Corvallis, Oreg., July 12, 1925, D. A. Wilbur (Corvallis). This species occurs in southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and at Corvallis, Oreg. 4. Cryptocheilus attenuatum Banks Cryptocheilus attenuatus Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 8, #7. Type: &, New Braunfels, Tex. (Cambridge). Mate: Forewing 7 to 8 mm. long; front view of clypeus with apex truncate or weakly concave; apex of sixth sternite semicircularly emarginate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, somewhat narrowed apically, broadly tectate, the median longitudinal ridge with a crest of curved hairs; apical margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of long slender hairs, just dorsad of which is a fringe of short bristles. Colora- tion as in the female. Figure 35.—Localities for Cryptochetlus aitenuatum. Frema.e: Forewing 7.5 to 11 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather strongly convex, in front view with the apex moderately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.85 as long as the width of the clypeus, its apical tooth very broad. Black. Body pubescence dark gray; flagellum orange, its first segment somewhat infuscate basally; wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.18-+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing blackish. SpecIMENS (116, 5292): From Colorado (Fort Collins); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff); Kansas (Baldwin, Carleton, Clay County, Clark County, Dickinson County, Ford County, Franklin County, Law- rence, Manhattan, Marshall County, Miami County, Morton County, Onaga, Osborne County, Rush County, Russell County, and Wabaun- see County) ; Louisiana (Tallulah) ; Tennessee (Knoxville) ; and Texas 76 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 (Bexar County, Brownsville, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Dallas, El Paso, Maxwell, New Braunfels, San Marcos, and William- son County); and México (Alpuyeca in Morelos and Villa Guadalupe in Jalisco). Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from late spring to early fall, the earlier and later dates being April at Brownsville, Tex.; May 1, 5, and 13 in Bexar County, Tex.; Sept. 23 at Fort Collins, Colo.; Oct. 4 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex., and at Knox- ville, Tenn.; Oct. 10 at Manhattan, Kans.; and Oct. 16 at Lawrence, Kans. Flower records comprise Melilotus alba and Conium maculatum. A female from Lawrence, Kans., was taken with prey, a juvenile Lycosa. This species occurs from the Mississippi Valley to the Rocky Mountains in the Transition, Upper Austral, and Lower Austral Zones. It ranges further eastward than any other of the yellow winged pepsines. Adults occur throughout the warmer season. 5. Crypiecheilus severini Banks Ficure 1, b Cryptocheilus severint Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, [@]. Type: o', Newell, 8. Dak. (Cambridge), Cryptocheilus arizonicus Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 7, o&, 9. Type: 9, Tempe, Ariz. (Cambridge). Mate: Forewing 8.5 to 10 mm. long; front view of clypeus with a deep semicircular emargination; sixth sternite with a shallowly U-shaped emargination; exposed portion subgenital plate about square, the apical angles rounded, basally with a median triangular elevation with flat top and sharp edges, the elevation reaching to or a Ficure 36.—Localities for Cryptocheilus severini. PEPSINAE!: TRIBE PEPSINI ti little beyond the middle of the subgenital plate; apical margin of subgenital plate with a thin bare flange at the base of which is a row of short bristles. Coloration as in the female. FrMaueE: Body pubescence blackish; forewing 7.5 to 14 mm. long; clypeus in profile moderately convex, in front view with the apex strongly concave; mandible about 0.85 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth rather narrow. Black. Lower outer corners of face stramineous; wings orange- yellow, the apical 0.1+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing blackish. SPECIMENS (59c", 1279): From Arizona (Douglas, Dragoon Mts., Nogales, Pearce, Phoenix, San Carlos, Tempe, and Tucson) ; Califor- nia (Blythe, Calexico, Claremont, Coalinga, Dos Palos, Jacumba, Linsay, Los Angeles County, Redlands, San Antonio in Santa Clara County, Tejon, and Three Rivers); Colorado (Bent County, Clear Creek, and Logan County) ; Kansas (Decatur County, Greeley County, Hamilton County, Morton County, Norton County, Rawlins County, Scott City, Stafford County, Wallace, and Wichita County); Nebraska (Butte); Nevada (Reno); New Mexico (Deming, Hope, Magdalena, Mesquite, Mesilla Park, Organ, and Road Forks in Grant County) ; South Dakota (Capa, Custer, Newell, Pierre, and Platte); Texas (Alpine, Atascosa! County, Balmorhea Lake in Reeves County, Bastrop County, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Clarendon, College Station, Cornudas in Hudspeth County, Corrizo Springs, Cotulla, Dunlay, Fedor, Fort Davis, Frio State Park in Frio County, Hidalgo County, Juno, Laredo, Liberty Hill, Llano County, Marfa, Marathon and Pine Springs) ; Utah (Emery County); Washington (Lone Tree on the Yakima River); Wyoming (Newcastle and Weston County); and México (Canutillo in Durango, Jiménez in Chihuahua, and Vallecillo in Nueva Ledén). Most dates of capture are in the summer months, though in the southern parts of the range are many records for May, September, and October. Early and late dates of interest are; May 2 at Scott City, Kans.; May 11 at Cotulla, Tex.; May 12 at San Carlos, Ariz; May 13 at Laredo, Tex.; June 30 at Lone Tree on the Yakima River, Wash.; June 24 at Butte, Nebr.; June 28 at Newell, S. Dak.; Sept. 8 at Platte, S. Dak., Oct. 10 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex.; Oct. 17 in Atascosa County, Tex.; and Oct. 23 at Phoenix, Ariz. Flower records comprise Monarda and Tamariz gallica. This species occurs from the hundredth meridian to the Rocky Mountains, in southern New Mexico, Arizona, and California, and in northern México. It is on the wing mostly in July and August in the northern part of its range, and from May to October in the south. 347756—57——6 78 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 6. Cryptocheilus idoneum Banks Mate: Forewing 7.5 to 9.5 mm. long; apex of clypeus with the middle half truncate, projecting laterad of the truncation as a short lobe; median notch of sixth sternite broadly U-shaped with a rounded bot- tom; subgenital plate with a median longitudinal raised triangular area having an attenuate point reaching to the apex, the sides of the raised areas distinct but not sharp; apical margin of subgenital plate truncate or somewhat retuse, with a fringe of short stout setae. Coloration as in the female. Frmaue: Forewing 9 to 13.5 mm. long; clypeus in side view flatter than in the other Nearctic species of the genus, in front view with the apex rather strongly, arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.95 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth rather broad. Black. Body pubescence blackish; lower corners of face dusky stramineous; wings blackish or largely orange-yellow, according to the subspecies. There are two subspecies, differing only in wing color. No inte- grades between them are yet known and it may eventually develop that each should be considered a full species. 6a. Cryptocheilus idoneum idoneum Banks Psammochares tenuicornis Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 249, o& (name pre- occupied). Type: o, Southern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge). Cryptocheilus idoneus Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 250, 9. Type: 92, South- ern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge). Psammochares gracilicornis Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 225 (new name for P. tenuicornis). Wings blackish, the apical 0.16+ of the forewing deeper black. SPECIMENS (10c7, 302): From Florida (Branford, Bristol Road in Gladsen County, Fort Lauderdale, Marineland, Myakka River State Figure 37.—Localities for Cryptocheilus idoneum idoneum. PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 79 Park, Orlando, and Weekiwatchee Springs in Hernando County); Georgia (Billys Island in the Okefenokee Swamp, College Park, Head River, and Tifton); Minnesota (Anoka County and Rice Creek in Anoka County); North Carolina (Lake Waccamaw, Laurel Hill, Oteen, Raleigh, Southern Pines, Swannanoa, and Winston); and Vir- ginia (Clifton and Falls Church). Dates of capture are distributed through the warmer part of the year, unusually early and late dates being: Apr. 2 and 17 at Orlando, Fla.; June 2 at Laurel Hill, N. C.; June 29 at Raleigh, N. C.; June 30 at Clifton, Va.; Sept. 3 at Swannanoa, N. C.; Sept. 20 at Lake Wac- camaw, N. C.; early October at Raleigh, N. C.; and Oct. 15 in Virginia. This subspecies has been collected from Virginia to Florida and in Minnesota. Adults occur during the summer and early fall. 6b. Cryptocheilus idoneum birkmanni Banks PLATE 1, FIGURE 6 Cryptocheilus birkmanni Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent. vol. 58, p. 202, ¢@, 9. Type: o, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge). Wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.16+ of the forewing blackish and the tip of the hind wing infuscate. Ficure 38.—Localities for Cryptocheilus idoneum birkmannt. SpEcIMENS (3207, 649): From Arizona (Congress Junction, Florence, Mesa, Quijotoa in Pima County, Tempe, and Tucson); California (Palm Springs, Ripley, and Westmorland); Colorado (Roggen); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff and Sioux City); Kansas (Barber County, Barton County, Clay County, Reno County, Riley County, Rooks County, and Seward County); Nebraska (Bartley, Halsey, Meadow Grove, and Thedford); New Mexico (Aden, Kenna, Koehler, Las Cruces, Mesilla Park, and Santa Rosa); Texas (Athens, Austin, Carrizo Springs, Colorado County, Corpus Christi, Culberson 80 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 County, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Del Rio, Fedor, Galveston, Gillett in Karnes County, Llano County, Lytle, Mineola, Ranger, Rock Island, Rosser, San Antonio, Victoria, and Wilson County); Utah (Moab); Wyoming (Lingle and Torrington); and México, Baja California (El Arco Mine, Hamilton Ranch, 20 miles north of Mesquival, and San Ignacio). Collection dates are rather evenly distributed through the warm months. The extreme dates are Apr. 17 at Corpus Christi, Tex., and Oct. 1 at Mineola, Tex. Flower records comprise Stillingia sylvatica and Monarda sp. This subspecies ranges from the Western border of Iowa and all but easternmost Texas to Wyoming, Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. Adults occur during the warmer months. Genus Priocnemis Schigdte Medium or small sized species of slender to stout build, the fore- wing of the Nearctic species 3 to 13 mm. long; clypeus rather small for the Pepsini; pronotum of moderate length, its hind margin broadly angled to a weak median notch; second intercubital vein strongly curved and oblique posteriorly, nearly straight and perpendicular an- teriorly; second recurrent vein reaching second cubital cell near its middle; cubital vein often fading out before the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without an irregularity in the membrane; ner- vulus beyond basal vein by about 0.7 to 1.3 its length; nervellus end- ing some distance before juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe elliptical, about 0.35 to 0.55 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 7); hind tibia either smooth or serrate dorsally, always serrate in females of the Nearctic species; brush on inner side of hind tibia of moderate width, without a subapical constriction; last segment of tarsi beneath without preapical bristles in the Nearctic species, in some exotic species with a few, rather irregularly rowed bristles; tooth on tarsal claws small, erect, acute. This genus is mostly Holarctic, but the subgenus Sphictostethus has a marsupial type of distribution. The four recognized subgenera are keyed out below. Key to the subgenera of Priocnemis LL (Wangs reduced, not large enough foriflying:.i). M>.4iiiw. nase ase 2 Wings of normal size: fy 4). ia... easel i. . emer Sele Riis 3 2. Thorax constricted at the middle; teeth on hind tibia weak, tuberclelike; Chilean Specless. igen oj. oe ae Sphictostethus (some females) (p. 81) Thorax not constricted at the middle; teeth on hind tibia chevron-shaped; INeareticispectesis me eT te 2s Vee nS oe Priocnemis (some females) (p. 89) PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 81 3. Propodeum with a strong sublateral longitudinal impression extending from the spiracle towards the apex; cubital vein evanescent just beyond the third cubital cell; third cubital cell about 1.7 as long as the second cubital cell; oriental species... . .. . . . Clistederes (p.83) Propodeum without a Gistines pibiatecal longitudinal impression; cubital vein usually reaching the wing margin; third cubital cell less than 1.5 as long as the second cubital cell. . ..... ae re. 4. Outer hind corner of third dabital cell pine or pavers rectangular (pl. 2, figs. 22, 23, 24, 25); hind tibia of male without teeth; hind tibia of female with low, chevron-shaped teeth . . . Priocnemis (in part) (p. 89) Outer hind corner of third cubital cell acute (pl. 1, fig. 7; pl. 2, fig. 21) . . .5 5. Hind edge of hind tibia of female with the teeth sometimes moderately strong, but usually weak or obsolete, between the teeth (when these are present) the tibia is rather densely hairy; hind tibia of male lacking distinct teeth; species of marsupial-like distribution. The only Nearctic species has the wings mostly orange. . . . . .Sphictostethus (in part) (p. 81) Hind edge of hind tibia of female rite the teeth strong, between the teeth the tibia polished and relatively or quite hairless; outer side of hind tibia of male with distinct,teeth:...../-. ..i, im 2 Both claws of middle tarsus and hind claw of fore tarsus with a long, ap- pressed, obliquely truncate tooth; second segment of middle tarsus dis- tinctly longer ‘than-wide