SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION

MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL

HISTORY

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

A Revision of the
American Moths of
the Family Carposinidae
(Lepidoptera: Carposinoidea)

DONALD R. DAVIS

Associate Curator of Lepidoptera

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON
1969

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This work forms number 289 of the Bulletin series.

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Contents

Introduction . Meee an eoete ae a
Review of literature and classification .
IB 1OLO RVs weaned wien salto
Morphological characters.

Checklist.

Carposinidae

References .

Figures

Index .

A Revision of the American Moths
of the Family Carposinidae
(Lepidoptera: Carposinoidea)

Introduction

This report presents the first review of the Carposinidae known to
inhabit the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. References treating
the New World species previous to this account are exceedingly brief,
largely devoid of illustrations or keys, and consist almost entirely of
descriptions of new taxa. A world catalog for the family, however,
was compiled in 1922 by Edward Meyrick. This reference, together
with Clarke’s (1963) illustrations of the carposinid types described by
Meyrick, and Diakonoff’s (1954) key to all the genera, probably
represent the most significant contributions on the Carposinidae to
date. The most noteworthy attention directed at this family in the
New World was a brief account presented by Forbes (1923) wherein
the family was defined and four species (including one synonym) were
described.

I wish to express my appreciation to the following individuals for
providing me with study material or information essential to this
project: Dr. A. F. Braun, Dr. A. Diakonoff, Dr. J. G. Franclemont,
Dr. T. N. Freeman, Mr. M. O. Glenn, Mrs. 8S. Hill, Dr. R. W. Hodges,
Mr. C. P. Kimball, Mr. G. T. Okumura, Dr. J. A. Powell, Dr. F. H.
Rindge, Dr. E. L. Todd, Mr. P. E. S. Whalley, Mr. B. Wright, and
Mr. A. K. Wyatt. I would like to give special thanks to my colleagues
at the Smithsonian Institution for their assistance, particularly to
Drs. J. F. Gates Clarke, O. S. Flint, and P. J. Spangler for their efforts
in collecting material for this study. In addition, I would like to express
my gratitude for the opportunity of serving as a participant with the
Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica during the
spring of 1965. This survey resulted in a fine series of two species of
Carposinidae previously not reported from Dominica, one of which
was undescribed.

I am indebted to Mr. Andre Pizzini, staff artist for the Department
of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, for all drawings. Nearly all

1

2 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

photographic work was performed by Mr. Jack Scott, staff photog-
rapher of the Smithsonian Institution. The photographs of the holo-
types of Carposina phycitana and Carposina cardinata are the courtesy
of the British Museum (Natural History); the photograph in figure
2 was acquired through the assistance of Mr. George Okumura. The
outline maps of the United States, North and South America are from
the Goode Base Map Series and are used with the permission of the
Department of Geography, University of Chicago (copyright by the
University of Chicago).

The following list of abbreviations represent the deposition of
specimens as cited in this publication:

ABK Collection of Alexander B. Klots, New York, New York.
AEB Collection of Auburn E. Brower, Augusta, Maine.

AFB Collection of Annette F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio.

AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York.
BM British Museum (Natural History), London, England.

CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.
CDA California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California.

CMNH _ Chicago Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois.

CNC Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada.

CPK Collection of Charles P. Kimball, West Barnstable, Massachusetts.
CU Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

JGF Collection of John G. Franclemont, Ithaca, New York.

MOG Collection of Murray O. Glenn, Henry, Illinois.

NSM Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Canada.

UCB University of California, Berkely, California.

USNM = United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.

VNM Vienna Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria.

Review of Literature and Classification

The family Carposinidae presents a rather interesting problem,
not too frequently encountered in the Lepidoptera, of a relatively
homogenous, easily defined group of insects which has become so well
isolated from related groups through the extinction of annectant
forms that any attempt to assess family relationships for the group
now proves quite difficult. The problem in determining family affinities
for the Carposinidae was early noted by Meyrick (1922) and later
re-emphasized by Diakonoff (1954).

Several major features serve to distinguish the Carposinidae from
related families and superfamilies. Among the more characteristic
are: the raised scale tufts on the forewings; the loss of one and often
two medial veins in the hindwings; the sexually dimorphic character
of the antennal cilia; the tendency toward strong sexual dimorphism
in the labial palpi; and the general morphology of the male and female
genitalia. In the case of the latter, the typically spinose aedeagus of
the male and the somewhat extended ovipositor of the female should

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 5

be mentioned. The larva demonstrates its uniqueness by possessing
only two prespiracular setae on the pronotum, thus differing from the
typical number of three found in nearly all microlepidopterous larvae.
The genus Carposina, with two included species, was first proposed
by Herrich-Schiffer in 1855, who included it in his polyglot concept
of the family Tineidae. Subsequent authors tended mainly to treat the
genus either as an aberrant member of the Gelechiidae or to include
it somewhere among the Tortricoidea. After studying some of the
Australian species, Meyrick (1882) separated Carposina from the
Gelechiidae largely on the basis of venational and palpal characters
and considered it to be a member of the Conchylidae (Tortricina).
The first authority to advocate the separation of these moths as a
distinct group was Walsingham. In 1897, this author proposed the
Carposinae as a new subfamily of Tortricidae for a previously un-
described African genus and species, Autogriphus luteus. The other two
coordinate subfamilies he included in his paper were the Tortricinae
and Olethreutinae. In Fauna MHawaiiensis, Walsingham (1907)
emphasized the separation further by raising the group to family rank.
Busck (1907) apparently unaware of Walsingham’s earlier treatment,
stated that the genus Carposina belonged to a very abnormal group
of the subfamily Phaloniinae along with one Japanese and three
Australian genera. Busck further suggested that the group might
warrant a separate subfamily status. Since that time the treatment
of these moths as comprising a distinct family within the Tortricoidea
has been rather consistent. In one of the most recent discussions on the
supergeneric classification of the Tortricoidea, Diakonoff (1961) again
pointed out several unique or unusual features of the Carposinidae
and proposed a new superfamily, Carposinoidea, for this group of
moths. This treatment has been followed in the present paper.

Biology

DisTRIBUTION.—In the most recent catalog of the Carposinidae,
Meyrick (1922) listed 8 genera and 128 species for the world. In 1954,
Diakonoff recognized 24 genera for the world and proposed 31 new
species from New Guinea alone. The present size of the family prob-
ably approximates 200 described species.

The zoogeographical distribution of the group strongly suggests
an Indo-Australian origin for the family. Approximately three-quarters
of the world’s genera and species are known from this area, and most
of these occur no where else. Meyrick (1922) listed 6 genera and 31
species from Australia, and Diakonoff (1954) recorded 10 genera and
44 species as occuring in the Papuan region. Subsidiary centers of
speciation have developed in Oceania around the southern periphery

4 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

of the primary center of distribution. Principal among these are the
Hawaiian Islands with 37 species but only a single genus. This situa-
tion is probably the result of a relatively rapid proliferation of one
or a few early introductions which underwent an evolutionary radia-
tion similar to that which occurred in the immensely successful
Hawaiian cosmopterygid genus Hyposmocoma. The Carposinidae evi-
dently experienced a comparable development in New Zealand. Al-
though only one genus is known to occur there, it is well represented
by 15 species as reported by Philpott (1928). Currently these species
are listed under Carposina; however, as suggested by certain pecu-
liarities in the male genitalia, all very likely will require a new generic
placement eventually.

The remaining regions of the world exhibit a rather depauperate
fauna with regard to this family. Meyrick (1922) reported only 8
species from the Palearctic region (4 are known from Japan alone) and
9 from the Ethiopian region. In this paper I have recognized a total
of 4 genera and 18 species for the New World, as well as 4 unnamed
species. Undoubtedly several Neotropical species remain to be dis-
covered, although recent collecting has not indicated this fauna to
be of any great size or complexity. Members of two monotypic genera,
Tesuquea and Atoposea, are restricted to the Western Hemisphere,
whereas the genera Carposina and Bondia are also represented in the
Old World. The genus Carposina is perhaps the most widespread of
all the known genera, although, as pointed out above, this name
probably has been misapplied in some areas to unrelated species
groups. The most widely distributed species is probably C. niponensis
which occurs commonly over much of China and Japan. As discussed
in the present paper (see p. 18), this insect is believed to be represented
in North America by the subspecies ottawana.

lirE History.—Except for accounts treating a few economic
species, very little is known concerning the life history of these insects.
The larvae of several species (of the genus Carposina in particular) are
known to bore into fruits, and one is a major pest of apple and peach
in Japan. Meyrick (1922) points out that in addition to feeding in
fruits, some larvae are known to bore into plant shoots, stem galls,
and bark, as well as to mine leaves. The plant families Campanu-
laceae, Epacridaceae, Ericaceae, Myrtaceae, and Rosaceae are listed
by him as hosts.

Due to its economic importance as a major pest of pome fruits in.
the Far East, more attention has been directed toward understanding
the biology of Carposina niponensis than to any other member of the
family. Early reports (e.g., Riley et al., 1889) outlined the life history
of this moth several years before the species had actually been identi-

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE if

fied and named. Later studies, primarily by Japanese workers such
as Hukusima (1953, 1957) and Miyashita et al. (1955), have increased
our knowledge considerably. Two generations a year apparently is
the average number for this species in Japan, although from one to
three generations are possible depending upon the latitude and local
climatic conditions. Although the adult moth has been reported to
be primarily crepuscular, Hukusima (1953) observed that adult activ-
ity was influenced primarily by air temperature, with humidity, light
intensity, and wind velocity playing a decidedly lesser role. He
recorded maximum activity at about 20°C and decreasing rapidly
above 25°C and below 18°C. Even though more than one activity
period may appear during the course of a day, however, the maximum
period does appear to commence after sunset. The eggs are deposited
externally, singly, and usually in the hairy cavities or basins of the
fruit. Occasionally, eggs are deposited on the petiole and upper surface
of the leaves. Experiments by Hukusima (1957) indicate that the
female relies largely on a tactile sense in selecting an oviposition site,
with optic and olfactory responses exerting less influence. It was also
observed that the moths displayed a decided preference to deposit
eggs on the more hairy surfaces of the fruit as opposed to smoother
surfaces. The eggs are yellowish, spherical in form, and approximately
0.5 mm. in diameter. Upon hatching from the egg, the newly emerged
larva at first seeks out a suitable place to enter the fruit and then bores
in, feeding on the fleshy parts of the fruit as well as on the seeds.
Occasionally a developing larva may leave one fruit and enter another.
Immediately prior to pupation, the full grown larva enters the ground
beneath the host tree to a depth of one or two inches and constructs
a tough, oval cocoon of light gray silk. The pupation period for the
summer brood(s) normally requires about two weeks; however, in the
case of the last brood of the season, the larva overwinters inside the
cocoon and pupates the following spring, with the adults of the first
brood emerging shortly thereafter.

Only one chromosome study has been attempted in this family and
that was by Saitoh and Yamada (1966) on Carposina niponensis. These
authors report a haploid count of 31 chromosomes of approximately
equal size. In the few Tortricidae studies thus far (Makino, 1951) a
haploid number of 30 has been observed with one large chromosome
present in the set. Too little information is presently available to
comment on the relative significance of the observed karyotypic
differences between these two families.

Literature pertaining to the life history of the New World species
is scant indeed. No biological studies have been conducted, although
a few brief notes relating host information have appeared from time
to time on certain North American species. Forbes (1923) briefly

6 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

mentioned the presence of the larva of Carposina fernaldana in nearly
ripe currants. A short note on the prune limb borer, Bondia comonana,
was presented by Kiefer (1943) in which the larva was described as a
borer in the soft, gummy enlargements on the trunks of peach trees.
This species is also known to bore in healthy branches and sometimes
enters the fruit of its host. Reportedly, it passes the winter as a pupa
protected inside a cocoon.

The biology of a Japanese species, Commatarcha palaeosoma Meyrick
apparently is very similar to the North American Bondia comonana.
According to Yano (1959), the larvae of C. palaeosoma bore under the
bark of certain species of trees belonging to the family Fagaceae and
produce gall-like protuberances; however, no mention is made by
Yano of any attempts to actually determine the cause of the swellings,
and it is likely that the moth was merely assumed to be the principle
agent involved. In general appearance these protuberances, as illus-
trated by Yano, closely resemble the black knot disease so common on
several species of North American Prunus. As discussed on p. 45 this
particular disease is caused by an ascomycetous fungus, Plowrightia
morbosa (Schw.) Sacc. The larva of B. comonana has been reared from
black knot galls on numerous occasions and may actually aid in dis-
seminating the spores of this disease; however, the growth and devel-
opment of the fungus seem to be the principal cause of the disease
symptoms. Very likely the tumorous swellings discussed by Yano are
actually caused by a similar pathogen, with the larvae of the moth
becoming involved at a later stage of the cycle, or at most, assisting
in the transmission of the disease.

Morphological Characters

A few morphological features due to their relative complexity or
importance to the systematics of this family deserve special emphasis.

Heap.—All species of Carposinidae examined in the course of this
study demonstrated a sexual difference in the structure of the antennae.
The sensory cilia arising from the venter of the shaft are greatly elon-
gated in the male, frequently several times longer than the diameter
of the antenna. In all females studied, the cilia are considerably
shorter, usually no more than half the diameter of the shaft in length.

The mandibles are very reduced in size, but are present in all New
World genera. The maxillary palpi are also greatly reduced but present.
Typically they consist of a single, globose segment (fig. 41), but in
some specimens of Carposina, a minute, budlike apical segment or
constriction can be observed. Philpott (1926) reported a typical, one
segmented palpus in two genera studied by him.

The labial palpi, similar to the antennae, often show evidence of
sexual dimorphism. This difference is to be noted in the scaling along

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 7

the segments as well as in the overall length of each segment. Most of
the differences with regard to the length and curvature of the labial
palpi is to be attributed to the morphology of the second segment. In
the females of most species this segment is longer and straighter than
in the males. In some genera it can also be noted that the apical
segment of the male palpus is somewhat more slender and longer than
that of the female.

Tuorax.—The application of wing venation in the classification
of this family presents some problem with regard to character
weighting. Very likely no satisfactory evaluation will be achieved
until most of the species have been properly described and studied
as a group. As the situation appears at present, considerable inter-
specific variation occurs in this family (in proportion to the number
of known species), but relatively little intraspecific variation. That is
to say, for those species studied thus far, venational characters appear
quite stable for a given species even though distinct differences often
exist between species or species-groups. In an attempt to obtain
some idea as to the range and magnitude of this variation, three sets
of diagnostic venational characters were investigated for those species
represented by adequate series. A summary of those observations is
given in table 1. The particular veins studied were so selected because
they exhibited the greatest amount of variation. All other major
veins were noted to be relatively stable in their origins.

As can be noted from table 1, veins 4 and 3 (M; and Cu,) of the
hindwings exhibit the greatest amount of intraspecific variation. In
spite of such variation, characteristics involving this particular set of
veins still provide one of the best single means for superficially separat-
ing the two genera Carposina and Bondia. It is obvious from a study
of the American species that for generic evaluation venation must be
considered in conjunction with as many additional features as possible
and especially with characters of the male and female genitalia.
Unfortunately this has not always been possible due to the lack of
adequate material.

MALE GENITALIA.—I have interpreted the uncus as being present
in the American species even though its presence is very slight in most
forms. In Tesuquea and certain Old World genera (e.g., the New
Zealand species of ‘‘Carposina’”’) the uncus is very prominent; in
Bondia and Carposina it is represented by a minute lobe which is
largely fused to the tegumen. Some authors may chose to consider
this as merely a lobe of the tegumen.

Within the Carposinidae, and particularly in the genera Carposina
and Meridarchis, the gnathos may be observed in various stages of
development. In most forms the two arms of the gnathos are widely
separated and appear as short, lobelike enlargements from the latero-

8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

TABLE 1.—Venational Characters

Character frequency
Species N Wing Veins ii
Separate Connate Stalked
CARPOSINA

bullata 18 fore 8-9 18 0 0
fore 3-4 0 0 18

hind 3-4 0 i 6

cretata 6 fore 8-9 0 0 6
fore 3-4 0 0 6

hind 3-4 0 6 0

dominicae 25 fore 8-9 0 0 25
fore 3-4 0 1 24

hind 3-4 9 16 0

fernaldana 51 fore 8-9 51 0 0
fore 3-4 50 1 0

hind 3-4 0 40 et

niponensis 32 fore 8-9 32 0 0
ottawana fore 3-4 oe 0 0
hind 3-4 0 20 ee

BonpbliIa

comonana 55 fore 8-9 55 0 0
fore 3-4 55 0 0

hind 3-4 55 0 0

crescentella 62 fore 8-9 62 0 0
fore 3-4 60 1 0

hind 3-4 60 2, 0

fidelis 101 fore 8-9 100 0 1
fore 3-4 99 2 0

hind 3-4 0 19 82

fuscata 19 fore 8-9 19 0 0
fore 3-4 19 0 0

hind 3-4 0 0 19

shastana 48 fore 8-9 48 0 0
fore 3-4 48 0 0

hind 3-4 44 4 0

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 9

ventral margin of the tegumen. Occasionally the lobes become greatly
extended (as in C. niponensis ottawana) and equipped with strong tufts
of setae. Both halves of the gnathos are fused together in Tesuquea
hawleyana, thus resembling the common condition found in several
families of Lepidoptera which possess this structure. The complete
absence of a gnathos in Bondia provides one of the better characters
for separating this genus from Carposina.

A subscaphium is presently known to occur in only one American
species, Atoposea maxima. Furthermore, such a structure has not been
reported in any Old World species.

A curious structure present in the adeagus of several New Zealand
Carposinidae and referred to as the vitta by Philpott (1928) apparently
does not occur in any American species. The vitta is an elongate,
ribbonlike filament extending from one of the apical lobes of the
aedeagus. Usually its length either equals or exceeds that of the main
body of the aedeagus. The function of the vitta is not known, but
likely it assists in sperm transfer.

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Frequently the ductus bursae, or certain
portions of it, are provided with heavily thickened walls. This feature
is especially prevalent in Carposina and in several Old World genera
such as Anomoeosis and Meridarchis. In the American species, usually
only the caudal third or fourth of the ductus is strongly dilated and
thickened. For this reason I have used the term antrum and have
referred to the remaining, more constricted portion of the tube as the
ductus bursae even though the antrum is technically a part of the
ductus. Under high magnification the walls of the antrum usually
may be observed to resemble a fine reticulum composed of thousands
of relatively large cellular partitions. Over most of the antrum these
cells are formed as small, columnar papillae. Frequently they are
crowded so tightly together that their walls assume a hexagonal out-
line typical of cells in such dense situtations. Anterior to the antrum
the cells gradually become more flattened (i.e., less papillose), thinner
walled and more rounded. In no case were they observed to extend
very far beyond the anterior end of the ductus bursae.

Little variation has been observed in the structure or condition of
the signum. This feature is either completely absent or, if present,
then represented by a strongly furcate and approximately symmetrical
pair. Each ramus is compressed, slightly curved, and serrated along
its concave edge. The only significant variation noted in the American
species was in Carposina bullata where one ramus of each signum may
occasionally be subdivided.

Frequently present in the corpus bursae of most females are one
and less commonly two or three rather large spermatophores. Al-
though the overall structure of the spermatophore does not appear

10 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

in most cases to be of specific value, it may have some taxonomic
significance at a generic level; however, the virtual absence of published
comparative data in conjunction with a general paucity of study
material make it difficult to assess the relative value of this character.

In general, the carposinid spermatophore consists largely of a
thick-walled, rodlike shaft which often becomes folded or coiled
within the bursa. At some point along the shaft, often at the anterior
end, the walls become abruptly reduced in thickness and dilate to
form a membranous sac from which the sperm escape as soon as the
sac 1s ruptured.

With regard to the American species, the spermatophore is rather
similar among the members of Carposina in possessing an abruptly
swollen anterior end, which in turn often terminates in a small, slender
appendage. The genus Bondia exhibits greater interspecific variation,
and as a group differs from Carposina in the reduction of the inflated
portion. Some species (e.g., B. comonana and B. crescentella) possess
a shght membranous enlargement at the anterior end, whereas in
others (e.g., B. fidelis and B. fuscata) this occurs approximately mid-
way along the main shaft.

Checklist

1. Carposina Herrich-Schiffer
Carposina, subgenus sensu strictu
1. niponensis ottawana Kearfott
nicholsana Forbes
fernaldana Busck
simulator Davis
biloba Davis
engalactis Meyrick
6. phycitana Walsingham
Trepsitypa Meyrick, subgenus
7. cardinata (Meyrick)
Dipremna Davis, subgenus
8. cretata Davis
Epipremna Davis, subgenus
9. dominicae Davis
Hypopremna Davis, subgenus
10. bullata Meyrick
2. Atoposea Davis
11. maxima (Meyrick)
3. Bondia Newman
12. comonana (Kearfott)
13. crescentella (Walsingham)
14. shastana Davis
15. spicata Davis
16. fidelis Meyrick
17. fuscata Davis

See Cake

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE el

4. Tesuquea Klots
18. hawleyana Klots
Unnamed Species
19. Carposina species no. 1
20. Carposina species no. 2
21. Bondia species no. 1
22. Bondia species no. 2

Carposinidae

Apuutt.—Medium to small, slender bodied moths; coloration
typically of a cryptic pattern, ranging in shades of brown to black
and occasionally green; wing expanse usually between 10 to 38 mm.

Head: Front and vertex smooth; occiput rough, with a pair of
lateral tufts which converge medially; chaetosema absent. Antennae
simple in both sexes, of moderate length, never exceeding three-fourths
of forewing; heavily scaled to apex dorsally, pubescent ventrally in
female, densely ciliate ventrally in male, length of cilia 2-5 x di-
ameter of shaft; pecten absent. Eyes naked, well developed, rounded.
Ocelli usually absent, present in a few Old World genera. Mandibles
present, minute. Tongue present, relatively weak, usually about 1.5 to
2 X the length of labial palpi; maxillary palpi minute, typically one-
segmented; segment ovoid, nearly as broad as long. Labial palpi
three-segmented, often sexually dimorphic, being more elongate and
porrect in female with dorsum of second segment roughened; male
with relatively short, subascending palpi; dorsum of second segment
usually smooth, venter rough, often strongly tufted; third segment in
both sexes much shorter in length, covered by closely appressed scales,
and well set off from second segment.

Thorax: Legs and thorax completely covered by moderately
broad, appressed scales. Epiphysis (fig. 72) present on fore tibia;
middle tibia with two apical spurs; hind tibia with two medial and
two apical spurs, dorsum clothed with elongate hairs (fig. 73). Wings
relatively broad, tending to be more slender in Teswquea and in most
species of Bondia; dorsal surface of forewing with usually 4-6 raised
scale tufts or ridges; all major veins usually present in primaries (vein
9 absent in Metrogenes); vein 7 (R;) terminating below apex on outer
margin; no accessory or intercalary cells present; base of medial vein
absent within discal cell; 1A lost, 2A forked for a short distance at
base, 3A perhaps present as lower branch of fork. Hindwings either
6- or 7-veined; vein 5 (Me) absent; 6 (M,) either lost or faintly present;
apex produced, subacute; termen relatively straight, occasionally
slightly excavate; hind margin with frmge usually long, sometimes
nearly equaling width of hindwing.

Abdomen: Relatively short in length, posterior end frequently
not exceeding fringe of hindwing; abdominal sclerites unmodified.

313-145 O—68——2

ie U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus present, simple, greatly elongate in
some genera, although reduced and indistinct in most American
species. Tegumen moderately to well developed. Gnathos usually pres-
ent, typically widely separated into a pair of digitate arms frequently
bearing a dense patch of stout setae near apex. Socii absent. Sub-
scaphium usually absent, present in Atoposea. Transtilla usually
present and weak, often with a pair of small, digitate processes arising
near juncture of valvae, transtilla well developed in some genera,
with median portion thickened and strongly arched. Vinculum often
weak, forming a narrow, V-shaped ring articulating with bases of
valvae; sometimes more developed and massive (as in Bondia), with
apex extended into a short but prominent saccus. Valvae of various
form, often elongate and relatively broad to apex, sometimes more
reduced and stocky; a clavate or clawlike ampulla present in several
genera, completely absent in others. Juxta usually present, either
peltate or furcate. Aedeagus usually slender and rodlike, sometimes
throughout its length, but often with apical half expanded and
armed with dense rows or clusters of stout cornuti; ejaculatory duct
usually connected to aedeagus near middle at base of expanded
apical portion. Spermatophore elongate, apical end either inflated
or similar to rest of shaft in diameter; escape aperature for sperm
either at apical end or midway along shaft; length of spermatophore
often exceeding that of entire bursa copulatrix.

FEMALE GENITALIA—Ovipositor moderately long, telescoping; anal
papillae unmodified, soft and hairy; posterior apophyses elongate,
usually about 1.5-2.5 & the length of anterior pair; anterior apophyses
arising from area lateral to sterigma. Lamella antevaginalis usually
prominent, broad; posterior margin variously sculptured. Lamella
postvaginalis usually indistinct, unmodified. Caudal fourth or third
of ductus bursae strongly dilated to form a large, thick walled cavity
(antrum); walls frequently heavily papillose or reticulate; remainder
of ductus either completely membranous or with broad, thickened
bands extending full length to corpus. Corpus bursae either abruptly
swollen and distinctly set off from ductus or tubular and indistinct;
signa either absent or present as a pair of strongly furcate structures;
arms of signa usually slightly curved and serrated along inner edge,
smooth on outer edge.

Key to the American Genera of Carposinidae

la. Hindwings with veins.3 and 4 connate or nearly so; if stalked then fused
portion never exceeding one-sixth the total length of 3. Male with gnathos
divided into a pair of elongate, usually setose arms (figs. 59-63). Female
typically with a pair of furcate signa (absent in Carposina dominicae and
Carposina species no. 1.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 13

2a. Hindwings with vein 2 arising from lower margin of cell at middle

(fig. 34). Male with apc present (fig. 63); gnathos without

Sealer ann ; . . . . . Atoposea, new genus

2b. Hindwings en vein 12 arising fa outer third or fourth of cell (figs.
27-33). Male without a subscaphium; gnathos densely setose.

Carposina

lb. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 separate, or if stalked then length of fused

portion greater than one-fourth the total length of 3 (figs. 37-38). Gnathos

usually absent in male, or if present then not divided (fig. 71). Female

without signa.
2a. Forewings with vein 10 arising from discal cell much closer to 9 than
to 11 (fig. 38); 2 iD curved and arising distant from 3 at outer

thindHof-cellie ws) is <: ; ... . . Tesuquea
2b. Forewings with vein 10 arising papron ened Saicnse ant between 11
and 9 (fig. 35); 2 strongly curved, arising close to 3 near lower angle
OfsCElle Mingus ouse se ae, ROS? Cee OO heh ie Hi re es ase at ek ON GIA

Carposina Herrich-Schiffer

Carposina Herrich-Schiffer, 1855, Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge

von Europa, vol. 5, p. 38, pl. 12, figs. 1-2.—Meyrick, 1882, Ent. Monthly
Mag., vol. 19, p. 69.—Fernald, 1893, Canadian Ent., vol. 25, no. 4, p. 96.—
Dyar, 1902 [1903], U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 489.—Busck, 1907, Journ.
New York Ent. Soc., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 19, 34.—Fernald, 1908, The genera
of the Tortricidae and their types, pp. 34, 5 \
Soc. New South Wales, vol. 35, pt. 1, p. 146.—Walsingham, 1914, Biol.
Centrali-Americana, Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 299.—Barnes and McDunnough,
1917.—Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 180.—Meyrick,
1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179, pp. 2, 4.—Forbes, 1923, Cornell Univ. Agric.
Exp. Sta. Mem. 68, p. 515; 1928, in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Mem. 101, p. 570.—Fletcher, 1929, Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Ent. series,
vol. 11, p. 40.—Philpott, 1928, Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst., vol. 59,
pt. 3, p. 476—McDunnough, 1939, Mem. 8. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2,
no. 1, p. 61.—Diakonoff, 1954, Verhandel. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch.,
Afd. Natuur., vol. 49, no. 4, p..119.—Swatschek, 1958, Abhand. Larvalsyst.
Ins., no. 3, p. 248.— Razowski, 1959, Bull. ent. Pologne, Wroclaw, vol. 29, no.
9, p. 163.

TyprE-spEcies.—Carposina berberidella Herrich-Schiiffer, 1855, des-
ignated by Fernald, 1908.

Apuur.—Moderately small slender bodied moths; wing expanse
approximately 11-20 mm.

Head (figs. 39-43): Antennae with ventral cilia sexually dimor-
phic; in female cilia minute, less than one-half the diameter of shaft;
much more elongate and filamentous in male, length of cilia usually 3-5
diameter of shaft; antennae heavily scaled above, largely naked
below. Labial palpi sexually dimorphic; relatively short and sub-
ascending in male with second segment smooth above, roughened into
a tuft beneath; length of segment equal to vertical diameter of eye;
palpi porrect and more elongate in female; second segment twice the
diameter of eye in length; slightly roughened toward apex below, with

14 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

pronounced tuft of raised scales above; apical segment short, usually
conical in male and with oblique apex, more cyclindrical and obtuse
in female.

Thorax: Wings (figs. 27-33) relatively broad; termen somewhat
truncate, not strongly oblique. Forewings either with all veins arising
separate from discal cell or with one or two pairs stalked; origin of 11
and 10 variable according to subgenus; 2 strongly curved, arising from
lower angle of cell very near 3. Hindwings with discal cell extending
half way to termen or less, veins 5 and 6 absent; the latter sometimes
represented by a faint vestige; 3 and 4 normally connate, occasionally
separate in C. dominicae, sometimes stalked for short distance of less
than one-sixth the length of 3. Cubital pecten present. Marginal fringe
of both wings relatively short.

Mate GENITALIA.—Uncus greatly reduced. Tegumen relatively
broad, with a dense row of elongate setae usually arising from area at
base of vestigial uncus. Gnathos prominent, widely separated, and
setose; setae usually projecting in a cluster beyond apex of gnathos.
Transtilla weakly developed, narrow, with a pair of slender digitate
processes arising from area adjoining valvae. Valvae typically divided
into two distinct halves; basal half (sacculus) expanded and often
bearing a prominent ampulla; distal half (cucullus) accuminate,
heavily setose on inner face. Juxta usually shield-shaped, sometimes
strongly furcate. Vinculum weak, reduced to a narrow ring ventrally;
saccus usually distinct but reduced in size. Aedeagus with apical half
expanded and basal half slender, rodlike; cornuti numerous, usually
arranged in two or more dense patches; juncture of ejaculatory duct
near middle, at base of expanded portion. Spermatophore with apical
end membranous and greatly dilated; usually with a slender, twisted
terminal strand of tissue extending from apex of inflated portion.

FEMALE GENITALiA.—Ovipositor varying in length, either elongate
or relatively short; posterior apophyses varying from 1.25-2.5 X length
of anterior pair. Sinus vaginalis broad, expanded. Caudal portion
of ductus bursae (antrum) greatly expanded, walls thickened, usually
reticulate or papillose; remainder of ductus bursae usually con-
stricted, walls partly membranous, partly thickened. Corpus bursae
usually abruptly expanded, ovoid, membranous, typically with a
pair of prominent, strongly furcate signa; arms of signa slightly
curved as viewed laterally, inner edge of arms serrate, outer edge
smooth. Origin of ductus seminalis usually at caudal end of ductus
bursae near termination of antrum, sometimes at middle.

Discussion.—At present it is difficult to define this genus in the
New World because of insufficient comparative data and a general
lack of material, particularly in the case of those species that are
known only from one sex. Considerable diversity exist with regard to

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 15

venation, and in some instances this may be merely of specific or at
most subgeneric significance. It has become obvious as a result of this
study that venation by itself frequently cannot be used for generic
characterization in this group. Instead, it must be correlated with
several other features, such as those found in the male and female
genitalia, for proper evaluation. Thus, until both sexes have been
studied for all species, certain correlations cannot be made, and
several questions will remain unanswered.

In this genus I have considered major venational differences (i.e.,
the relative origin and fusion of veins) to be primarily of subgeneric
importance in association with evidence suggested from other mor-
phological features. I regard the subgenus Carposina to be one of
the most natural units within the group and have attempted to eval-
uate and equate the remaining taxa with this one. Several Holarctic
species of this subgenus are known, and all demonstrate close affinities
to one another. On the basis of such similarity, I have recognized four
additional subgroups within the genus, although, for reasons sug-
gested above, future evidence may affect the status of one or more of
these subgenera. If one were to follow the criteria accepted by Meyrick
(1922), then these four taxa would probably represent an equal number
of monotypic genera. Comparisons of the known males, however,
show a rather basic genitalic type which appears to relate the various
subgroups under the single genus Carposina. This is suggested, for
example, in a comparison of the males of C. (Carposina) niponensis
ottawana and C. (Dipremna) cretata. In contrast, the female genitalia
of C. (Hypopremna) bullata does not appear to be closely related to
the other species. Thus, it is possible that the male, when discovered,
may not possess genitalia of the Carposina type, thereby further
justifying a separate generic status for this species.

In addition to the nine species of Carposina treated in the pages
immediately following, two unnamed species are briefly discussed at
the end of this paper. Insufficient material is the primary reason
why these particular insects have not been identified further.

Key to the Subgenera of Carposina

la. Forewings with all veins arising separate from discal cell (fig. 27) . Carposina
1b. Forewings with at least one pair of veins stalked to cell.
2a. Forewings with veins 8 and 9 stalked to cell.
3a. Forewings with 3 and 4 stalked (fig. 30) . Dipremna, new subgenus
3b. Forewings with 3 and 4 separate (fig. 31).
Epipremna, new subgenus
2b. Forewings with veins 8 and 9 separate.
3a. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked (fig. 29); 11 arising at or very
near OrigimvOh LOM.) cy yen is une Trepsitypa, new status
3b. Forewings with 7 and 8 separate (fig. 33); 11 and 10 widely
separate .... .. .. . . . Hypopremna, new subgenus

16 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Subgenus Carposina sensu strictu

Typr-sPEciES.—Carposina berberidella Herrich-Schiffer, 1855.

Aputt.—Forewings (fig. 27) with vein 10 arising from discal cell
equidistant between 11 and 9; all veins separate. Hindwings with 6
largely absent, represented by only a faint vestige at end of cell;
3 and 4 typically connate, sometimes stalked for a very short distance
with fusion never more than one-sixth the length of 4; discal cell
extending approximately one-half the length of wing; 2 arising from
outer fifth of cell near origin of 3.

MALE GENITALIA.—Arms of gnathos digitate, moderately stout to
slender, occasionally very elongate and exceeding apex of uncus by
half their length; setae typically arranged in a single, dense apical or
subapical tuft. Valvae distinctly divided into two halves; basal half
(sacculus) with a prominent clavate ampulla; apical half (cucullus)
usually with apex gradually tapering to a slender curved tip. Juxta
bilobed to deeply furcate.

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Ovipositor moderately short to long; posterior
apophyses approximately 1.25—2 X the length of anterior pair.
Antrum very broad, abruptly constricting to form relatively narrow,
elongate ductus bursae; walls of antrum thickened and densely
papillose; ductus bursae with papillae more flattened, rounder, and
restricted usually to two or three longitudinal bands extending the
length of ductus. Corpus bursae typically swollen, ovoid, but more
elongate in C. engalactis; walls membranous; a pair of strongly furcate
signa usually present (absent in C. engalactis).

Discussion.—The separate condition of all veins in the forewings
easily separates this taxon from the other subgenera of Carposina.
The group is principally Holarctic in distribution, but presently
includes one rather aberrant neotropical species, C. engalactis. Un-
fortunately, this interesting species is known only from the female
holotype and has tentatively been placed in the subgenus Carposina
largely on the basis of venation. Discovery of the male should eluci-
date its true relationships considerably.

Key to the American Species of the Subgenus Carposina*

(Based primarily on females)

la. Female with signa absent. ... . . . .. . Crengalactis
lb. Female with a pair of furcate signa reer (fg. 76).
2a. Ovipositor relatively short; posterior apophyses less than 1.5 x the
length of anterior pair (fig. 75). Posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis
deeply bilobed.
3a. Posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis with median cleft deep,
exceeding length of lobes (fig. 95) . . . C. biloba, new species

*C. phycitana is not included because of insufficient material (see p. 29).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 7.

3b. Median cleft of lamella antevaginalis more shallow, less than

length of lobes (fig. 94) . . . . . . C. simulator, new species

2b. Ovipositor elongate; posterior apophyses approximately twice the

length of anterior pair (fig. 76). Posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis
either shallowly bilobed or with a single median lobe.

3a. Lamella antevaginalis shallowly bilobed (fig. 93). Male with juxta

deeply forked (fig.60) ... . oe 2 es, ©. fernaldana

3b. Lamella antevaginalis not bilobed, Aer ad with a single median

lobe (fig. 92). Juxta shallowly bilobed, not deeply forked

(fig. 59) . . .. . =. +. . C. niponensis ottawana, new status

Carposina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana Kearfott, new status

FicurEs 3, 4, 59, 74, 92, 110; Map 1

Carposina ottawana Kearfott, 1907b, Canadian Ent., vol. 39, no. 4, p. 124.—
Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, p. 180 (no. 7555).—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179, p. 7.—
Forbes, 1923, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 68, p. 515.—MceDunnough,
1939, Mem. S. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61 (no. 7625).—Klots,
1942, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 79, art. 6, p. 416.

Carposina nicholsana Forbes, 1923, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 68, p.
515 [new synonymy].—McDunnough, 1939, Mem. 8. California Acad. Sci.,
vol2, no. 1, p. 61-(no. 7626).

Avvutt (figs. 3—4).—Wing expanse: o7, 12-15 mm.; 2, 13-15mm.

Head: Grayish white. Antennae uniformly light gray. Scale tuft
of second palpal segment in male strongly projected, acute; lateral and
ventral surfaces fuscous, dorsal and inner surfaces of palpus lighter in
color, pale gray; second segment in female tending to be darker than
that of C. fernaldana, usually with dorsolateral scales paler than ven-
tral ones; apex of third segment whitish in both sexes.

Thorax: Light gray with occasional suffusion of dark gray; venter
of thorax grayish white. Pro- and mesothoracic legs fuscous; meta-
thoracic leg grayish white; with slight suffusion of fuscous; apices of
tibial and tarsal segments whitish. Pattern of forewings variable,
similar to C. fernaldana, grayish and usually heavily marked with
fuscous; darkest concentration along middle of costa and at apex of
cell; discal spot generally darker than in following species; dark,
transverse band at wing base usually distinct in fresh specimens,
tending to be interrupted or obliterated in flown specimens; usually
with a faint and narrow, serrate band of light fuscous bordering outer
margin. Hindwings uniformly gray.

Abdomen: Light brown above, paler, more whitish beneath;
usually with a lateral fuscous streak along basal half of abdomen.

Mate Genira.ia (fig. 59) —Uncus reduced, indistinct, with a dense
row of elongate setae arising medially along junction with tegumen.
Apex of tegumen concave; lateral angles rather pronounced. Arms of

18 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

enathos slender, greatly elongated, nearly equaling length of valvae,
with apex slightly swollen and bearing a dense cluster of short hairs
arising from an apical pit. Valvae with a stout, slightly curved ampulla
arising near middle from apex of sacculus; cucullus broad at base,
tapering to an acute, uncinate apex. Aedeagus with three dense rows
of cornuti of about equal lengths and a single, more basal oval patch
of short cornuti.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 74, 92)—Ostium and antrum extremely
broad, nearly as wide as seventh segment; lamella antevaginalis with
a single, median lobe. Antrum thickened, densely papillose; remainder
of ductus bursae narrow, with two broad bands of thickened papillae
extending and converging toward corpus. Corpus bursae abruptly
enlarged, with two, strongly furcate signa; each branch of signum
relatively broad, stout. Inception of ductus seminalis at caudal end of
ductus bursae near termination of antrum.

Typre.—Lectotype, 7, (C. ottawana) designated by Klots (1942), in
the American Museum of Natural History. Lectotype, o, (C. nichol-
sana, present designation), Nicholson, Pa., A. E. Lister, VII—-4—1904,
USNM 69757; in the United States National Museum.

TypE-LocALiry.—Ottawa, Canada, (lectotype, C. ottawana) ; Nichol-
son, Pa. (lectotype, C. nicholsana).

Hosr.—Cornaceae: ‘‘reared from fruit of Cornus paniculata [=C.
racemosa Lam.]; Saxifragaceae: Gooseberry [Ribes sp.],” (from speci-
men labels).

DistTRIBUTION (map 1).—This subspecies ranges rather widely over
much of the eastern United States and southern Canada. It has been
most commonly encountered along the eastern edge of the Interior
Plains and through the southern half of the Appalachian Highlands.
The nominal subspecies, C. niponensis niponensis Walsingham, occurs
throughout Japan and Korea and over much of eastern China and
Manchuria (see Anonymous, 1958).

Discussion.—Several problems persist involving this subspecies
which emphasize the need for information presently not available.
Morphologically C. niponensis ottawana is very similar to the typical
subspecies. The two forms have been found to differ only in the
relative development of the lamella antevaginalis of the female
(see figs. 91 and 92) with the posterior margin of the North American
subspecies being more attenuated. Unfortunately only a single
population of C. n. niponensis was available for study; thus it is not
known how great a variation the lamella exhibits in this subspecies
over its entire range. Six females from Yokohama all demonstrated
a rather uniform, slightly curved posterior margin; ten females of
C. n. ottawana, sampled over much of its known range, displayed
slightly more variation but all could be readily distinguished from the

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 19

LAMBERT AZIMUTHAL EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION

Map 1.—Distribution of Carposina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana.

Japanese specimens. Eventually, other more reliable morphological
characters may be found to separate these two entities; or, it may be
shown that our North American insect merely represents an early
introduction of C. niponensis, and that the two names should be
synonymized. The correct identity of this insect is of great practical
importance because quarantine measures are currently being enacted
against the accidental entry of C. . niponensis into this continent.
Thus, it is possible that we are needlessly guarding against a pest
species that already occurs in the United States. Carposina n.
niponensis, however, is a major pest of pome fruits over much of the
Orient, particularly Japan, and it seems unusual that its counterpart in
North America has not attracted equal attention. To my knowledge,
C. n. ottawana has never been reported as an orchard pest and ap-
parently has never been reared from rosaceous fruits. It would seem
that if ottawana merely represented a relatively recent introduction of
C. n. niponensis into this country, then the moth would be an even

20 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

more serious pest in the apple and peach growing regions of North
America than in Japan since it would, more than likely, be largely
devoid of natural enemies. Of course, it is possible that a reverse
situation occurred (i.e., with North America being the point of origin)
although the early, widespread distribution of the oriental species does
not suggest this. Furthermore, C. n. niponensis clearly belongs to a
Palearctic species group which also includes C. berberidella Herrich-
Shiffer and C. scirrhosella Herrich-Shiffer. Thus, the avilable evidence
seems to suggest that the two subspecies actually are distinct, and
that they may differ significantly in their biology. Largely for this
reason, I have not synonymized C. n. ottawana, but prefer to recognize
it as a separate subspecies even though present morphological evidence
does not fully support such a division.

Another question exists concerning the correct name for the species.
The original accounts of both C. niponensis Walsingham and C.
sasakii Matsumura were published July 1900 in different journals,
and it now seems impossible to determine which name actually ap-
peared first. Consequently, it is more than likely that article 24a of
the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature will need to be
consulted in order to determine the proper name. Esaki et al. (1957)
briefly discuss this problem, stating their belief that Matsumura’s
name actually appeared first, but use C. niponensis as the correct
riame for the taxon. Their treatment of these two names perhaps
cannot be construed as the action of a ‘first revisor,”’ but it is possible
that an earlier synonymy can be. A majority of the more recent refer-
ences to this species use Walsingham’s name; Lyubarskaya (1964),
nevertheless, synonymized C. niponensis under C. sasakuw. There
presently seems no doubt that these two names, as well as that of C.
persicana Matsumura, are synonymous; these problems, however,
have not been pursued further by me, in part because of the scope of
the present study and particularly in view of Dr. A. Diakonoff’s
impending revision of the Paleartic Carposinidae.

A third problem encountered involving this species concerns the
original publication and subsequent type designation of C. nicholsana.
Apparently, the first use of this name was by Forbes (1923) in the
first part of his ‘Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States.”
Forbes (p. 515) attributed the name to Kearfott and presented a
brief but concise description of the species, listing the locality as
Nicholson, Pennsylvania. Since Kearfott’s name, however, evidently
was only a manuscript one, the authorship of the species should be
accredited to Forbes, as was listed by McDunnough (1939). Un-
fortunately, a search for original material bearing determination
labels written by Forbes proved futile. Also, no material from Nichol-

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 21

son, Pennsylvania, was found in the collections of Cornell University,
although a series of eight specimens with this label are present in the
National Museum as well as one in the American Museum. All speci-
mens bear almost identical labels, differing only as to date, and were
collected between July 4 and July 12, 1904, by A. E. Lister. Although
my decision may appear somewhat arbitrary, I have accepted these
nine specimens as being syntypes and have consequently designated
one as lectotype and the remainder as paralectotypes. My reasons
for this action are several: first it seems almost a certainty, although
now cannot be absolutely proven, that Forbes had examined this
material prior to the publication of his book and had at least partially
based his concept of the species on these specimens. The data on the
labels and the absence of any other specimens from the same locality
in other collections strongly reinforce this assumption. Furthermore,
these specimens are in complete agreement in maculation and size
with Forbes’ original description.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—62 males and 34 females.

CANADA: ManirosBa: Aweme, 1 9, June 26 (CNC). Morden, 1 92, July 10
(CNC). Ontario: Bobcaygeon, 3 9, June 21-23 (CNC). Ottawa, 1 9, June 26
(CNC). Pt. Colborne, 1 o&, July 20 (CNC). Pt. Pelee, 1 o, 2 9, June 16-24
(CNC). QureBeEc: Aylmer, 1 o&, July 7 (CNC). Meach Lake, 1 ? (CNC).

UNITED STATES: District or CouLumsBia: Washington, 1 o&, Aug. 29
(USNM). Fioripa: Escambia Co.: Pensacola, 1 o&, July 28 (CPK); 1 a0,
July 28 (USNM). Iuuino1s: Putnam Co.: Specific locality unknown, 1 a,
Mays) Woo 359; Junes13=29,.2 2, July 10-19,..7 of; b.2; Aug: 6-29), 2.0",
Sept. 6-14 (MOG); 1 o&, 1 2, July 10-16 (USNM). New Hampsuire: Rock-
ingham Co.: Hampton, 3 0’, 4 9, May 17-June 16 (AFB). NEw Yorx: Tomp-
kins. Co.: Geneva, 1 o’, 1 9, Mar. 7 (CU). Ithaca, 17 o', 2 9, July 2—Aug. 17
(CU);7 &, 1 ¢, July 3—Aug. 23 (USNM), Six Mile Creek, 1 #,1 9, June 14-21,
29,5 9, Aug. 2-19 (JGF). McLean, McLean Bogs Reserve, 3 o”, July 13-Aug. 1
(JGF). Onto: Clermont Co.: Specific locality unknown, 1 ?, June 6 (AFB).
OKLAHOMA: Cherokee Co.: Tenkiller Lake, near Cookson, 1 9, Aug. 16-19
(USNM). PENNsyLvaANia: Allegheny Co.: Pittsburgh, 1 9, June 21 (USNM).
Beaver Co.: New Brighton, 1 o&, June 14 (AMNH). Wyoming Co.: Nicholson,
8 o, July 4-12 (USNM); 127, July 12 (AMNH).

Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana Busck
Figures 5, 28, 39-43, 60, 72-73, 76, 93, 109; Map 2

Carposina fernaldana Busck, 1907, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 15, no. 1, p.
36.—Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, p. 180 (no. 7556).—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179, p. 6.—
Forbes, 1923, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 68, p. 515, figs. 291, 293;
1928, in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 101, p. 570.—McDun-
nough, 1939, Mem. S. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61 (no. 7627).

Aputt (fig. 5) —Wing expanse: o’, 15-18 mm.; ?, 16-20 mm.
Head: Grayish white. Antennae uniformly light gray. Second
segment of male palpus with prominent rounded scale tuft ventrally,

2 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

fuscous along outer and ventral surfaces, whitish on dorsal and inner
surfaces; apex of third segment whitish in both sexes; second segment
in female usually with ventral half fuscous and dorsal half and most
of inner surface whitish, occasionally all of outer side fuscous.

Thorax: Collar and tegula light gray; dorsum light gray, partially
irrorated with fuscous; venter largely grayish white. Ventral surfaces
of femur of pro- and mesothoracic legs grayish, heavily irrorated with
fuscous; dorsal surface grayish white; tibia and tarsus dark fuscous
except for whitish bands encircling apices of each segment; meta-
thoracic leg paler in color; femur almost completely pale gray, with a
long dorsal fringe of whitish hairs. Forewings pale gray, heavily marked
with a somewhat variable pattern of fuscous scales concentrated pri-
marily along middle of costa and near apex of discal cell; dark oblique
band traversing base of wing usually incomplete; a submarginal fuscous
band often present but diffuse, usually more indented at vein 6 than in
C. niponensis ottawana; marginal fringe pale gray. Hindwings uni-
formly gray.

Abdomen: Dorsum and mid-venter pale gray; basal two-thirds of
lateroventral surfaces with a broad streak of dark fuscous.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 60).—Uncus reduced, broadly rounded, with
a dense cluster of elongate setae arising from posteromedial margin
near juncture with tegumen. Tegumen with apex broadly excavate,
lateral angles somewhat pronounced. Gnathos relatively short, less
than half the length of valva, with apex spatulate and bearing a dense
cluster of elongate setae arising some distance below apex near middle.
Valvae with a blunt, claviform ampulla arising from apex of sacculus;
cucullus broad at base, tapering to an acute apex. Aedeagus with three
longitudinal rows of dense cornuti; one row, bearing the longest
apical spines, usually with a conspicuous median gap devoid of spines;
juncture of ejaculatory duct above middle; termination of duct with
two dense rows of elongate, minute spinules.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 76, 93).—Ovipositor elongate; posterior
apophyses more than twice the length of anterior pair. Lamella ante-
vaginalis of a somewhat complex structure consisting of two pairs of
lateral folds, one of which overlaps along the midline, and an entire,
bilobed, dorsal layer; lobes rounded and separated by a relatively
shallow cleft. Antrum elongate, swollen with thickened, densely
papillose walls, becoming abruptly constricted at juncture with
ductus bursae proper. Walls of ductus bursae reticulate to and slightly
beyond union with corpus bursae, the latter being primarily membra-
nous and containing a pair of strongly furcate signa; each branch of
signum relatively slender.

Typr.—Lectotype, o (present designation); New Brighton, Pa.,
8-23-02, H. D. Merrick, type no. 10245 USNM; o& genitalia slide

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 23

Map 2.—Distribution of Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana.

DRD 1799; in the United States National Museum.
TypE-LocaLity.—New Brighton, Pennsylvania, (lectotype).
Host.— Rosaceae: “Crataegus sp., larvae in fruits” (from specimen

label). Saxifragaceae: “larvae in nearly ripe currents [Ribes sp.],”

(Forbes, 1923 p. 515).

DistTRIBUTION (map 2).—This species is apparently more restricted
in its range than is C. niponensis ottawana and may be confined largely
to the upper Mississippi drainage system in the East. Its present
range is known to extend from the southern Appalachian Highlands
and the eastern border of the Interior Plains from Quebec west to
Missouri.

Discussion.—Because structural differences in the genitalia afford
the only reliable separation of this species and the foregoing one, it
is sometimes impossible to separate the two species without dis-
section. Characters of the male genitalia, however, often can be com-
pared in situ without any preparation. Other differences exist as mere

24 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

generalities and thus cannot be used with any confidence; for example,
the palpal tuft in the males of C. niponensis ottawana tends to be more
pronounced and acute than in C. fernaldana. The maculation of the
primaries is rather nondescript and variable, although the darkened
discal area frequently is more distinct in C. niponensis ottawana.
Another tendency which may be relied upon at times for separation
is the difference in overall size, with C. fernaldana being slightly
larger on the average.

In addition to the lectotype, I have also designated five male and
two female paralectotypes from Pittsburgh and Oak Station, Penn-
sylvania, and St. Louis, Missouri. All specimens are deposited in the
collections of the U.S. National Museum. The original syntypic
series undoubtedly was much larger and many of these specimens are
still extant in United States National Museum; for example, the
National Collection contains eleven additional specimens from St.
Louis collected in 1906 by McElhose which probably comprised a
fundamental part of Busck’s original series; however, I have selected
as paralectotypes only those few specimens which bore either a type
or cotype label.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—88 males and 102 females.

CANADA: Ontario: Fort Erie, 1 o', Aug. 22 (CU). Islington, 1 o’, 3 9,
July—Aug. (USNM). Swaison, 1 o, Aug. (USNM). Simcoe, 4 o’, 6 9, Aug. 18
(CNC). Toronto, 1 o, July 20 (USNM). Vineland Station, 6 o’, 4 9, Aug. 3-19
(CNC). QuEeBEec: Montreal, 1 9, Aug. 11 (AFB); 7 0’, 10 9, Aug. 9-11 (CNC);
1 7,2 9, Aug. 9-11 (USNM).

UNITED STATES: Iuurnots: Cook Co.: Arlington Heights, 3 o’, 2 9,
Aug. 18-26 (CMNH); Chicago, 1 o [no date] (USNM); Riverside, 1 co’, 1 9,
Aug. 9-20 (USNM). Macon Co.: Decatur, 6 o’, 5 9, Aug. 16-22 (USNM).
Putnam Co.: Specific locality unknown, 5 9, Aug. 15-Sept. 9 (MOG). Micuie@an:
Wayne Co.: Specific locality unknown, 1 o, Aug. 13 (AMNH). Missouri: Boone
Co.: Columbia, 1 o’, Apr. 14 (USNM); 1 9, June 15 (CU). St. Louis Co.: St.
Louis, 3 0’, Sept. 10-14 (AMNH); 8 o’, 4 9, Aug. 29-Sept. 18 (USNM). New
York: Chemung Co.: Horseheads, 1 9 , Sept. 23 (CU). Erie Co.: Buffalo, 2 0,
Aug. 4-23 (CU). Colden, 1 9, Aug. 19 (CU). East Aurora, 2 o’, 1 9, Aug. 12-16
(CU). Sardinia, 2 9, Aug. 11-28 (CU). Tompkins Co.: Ithaca, 5 o, 11 9,
July 21-Sept. 16 (CU); 1 o&, Aug. 22 (USNM). Ithaca, Six Mile Creek, 1 o’,
16 9, Aug. 4-26 (JGF). Onto: Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati, 1 co’, Aug. 24 (AFB).
PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny Co.: Oak Station, 3 9, Aug. 15 (AFB); 16 o’, 15 9,
Aug. 8-31 (AMNH); 10’, Aug. 19 (USNM). Pittsburgh, 2 o’, Aug. 26 (AMNH);
3 0’, 1 9, Aug. 11-26 (USNM). Beaver Co.: New Brighton, 2 o’, 1 9, Aug.
21-Sept. 2 (AFB); 4 0”, Aug. 16-23 (AMNH); 1 9, June 12, 40’, 4 9, Aug. 14-
Sept. 13 (USNM). Luzerne Co.: Hazleton, 1 9, June 5 (AMNB#).

Carposina (Carposina) simulator, new species

FicuRrEs 6, 77, 94, 111; Map 3

AvUuLT (fig. 6).—Wing expanse: 9, 15 mm.
Head: Whitish with slight irroration of pale brown. Antennae
with scape mostly dull white, faintly irrorated with brown; shaft

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 25

uniformly brown except for scattering of white along basal fourth.
Labial palpus pale brown with heavy suffusion of fuscous on lateral
surface; inner surface mostly pale tan to dull white.

Thorax: Whitish to lght brown with irregular scattering of
brownish to fuscous scales; ventral surfaces dull white. Pro- and
mesothoracic legs fuscous on ventral surfaces and dull white on
dorsal surfaces; mesothoracic tibia with broad ring of white around
middle; metathoracic leg pale fuscous to light brown; apices of tibial
and tarsal segments all faintly ringed with white. Forewings pale
gray to pale brown, irregularly mottled with darker areas of brown and
fuscous; costa with six or seven fuscous patches, broadest at base of
wing and becoming progressively narrower toward apex, each patch
being interrupted by a narrow band of grayish white; apex of discal
cell with an irregular concentration of fuscous to black scales, marginal
fringe brownish, heavily irrorated with white. Hindwings gray,
becoming darker at outer third.

Abdomen: Light brown above and below.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 77, 94).—Ovipositor relatively short; pos-
terior apophysis approximately 1.5 X the length of anterior pair.
Antrum broad and elongate, with walls heavily thickened and papil-
lose; posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis complex, deeply ex-
cavated and bilobed, both lobes doubly thickened by inward folding
of posterior margin; a prominent V-shaped fold typically present near
center of lamella. Walls of ductus bursae mostly thickened; reticulate
pattern arranged in four longitudinal bands that extend the length
of ductus and converge near corpus. Corpus bursae abruptly enlarged,
membranous, with a pair of deeply forked signa. Ductus seminalis
connected to caudal end of ductus bursae near termination of antrum.

HoxrotyreE.—Devil’s Den State Park, Washington County, Ark.,
9, July 21, 1966, coll. R. W. Hodges, USNM 69650; in the United
States National Museum.

PARATYPES.—MISSOURI: St. Louis Co.: St. Louis, 1 9, Aug. 30, 1963,
coll. H. McElhose (USNM). onto: Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati, 1 9,
Aug. 28, 1902, coll. A. F. Braun (AFB). Described from a total of
three females.

Host.— Unknown.

DistRIBUTION (map 3).—Presently known only from the south-
eastern border of the Interior Plains from northeastern Arkansas to
southeastern Ohio.

Discussion.—Although this species at present is represented by
only three female specimens, it is quite distinct from all other
Carposinidae and may be easily recognized utilizing certain characters
of the female. Superficially, Carposina simulator most closely resem-
bles C. fernaldana and C. biloba but may be distinguished from the

26 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

latter two on the basis of morphological differences of the lamella
antevaginalis. The posterior margin of the lamella is deeply bilobed
in C. simulator, whereas in C. fernaldana there exists only a shallow
notch. Furthermore, each lobe is doubly thickened by an additional
fold of the lamella. In C. biloba, the posterior margin is of a more
simple structure and appears to consist of a single layer of tissue.

Carposina (Carposina) biloba, new species
Ficurss 7, 75, 95, 112; Map 3

ADULT (fig. 7)—Wing expanse: 9°, 17mm.

Head: Pale gray. Antennae uniformly pale gray. Labial palpi
grayish white with lateroventral surfaces heavily covered with fuscous;
apex of both second and third segments white; third segment com-
pletely encircled by a fuscous band.

CONIC PROJECTION

Map 3.—Distribution of Carposina species.

@ C. (Carposina) simulator 4 C. (Carposina) biloba

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE De

Thorax: Collar and dorsum pale gray; costal edge of tegula darker
gray; underside of thorax grayish. Pro- and mesothoracic legs mostly
fuscous with grayish suffusion on mediodorsal surfaces; apices of
tibial and tarsal segments white; metathoracic leg distinctly paler,
mostly pale gray with long white hairs along dorsal edge of femur;
tibial and tarsal segments mostly gray with medial bands of fuscous.
Forewings grayish white with scattered areas of brownish fuscous
scales; discal spot and basal oblique band obscure, about same color
as rest of wing; outer fringe pale gray, irrorated with white. Hind-
wings uniformly gray.

Abdomen: Medium gray above and below.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 75, 95).—Ovipositor moderately short;
posterior apophysis approximately 1.5 X length of anterior pair.
Ostium and antrum broad, equal to width of seventh segment; lamella
antevaginalis simple, bilobed; lobes sharply separated by a deep
cleft nearly twice the length of either lobe. Walls of antrum and
ductus bursae thickened and densely papillose; papillae restricted
along most of ductus to two broad, longitudinal bands. Corpus
bursae abruptly enlarged, membranous, with a pair of deeply forked
signa. Juncture of ductus seminalis at caudal end of ductus bursae
near termination of antrum.

Houoryer.—Pensacola, Fla., 2, July 28, 1961, coll. Shirley Hills,
USNM 69651; in the United States National Museum.

Host.— Unknown.

DistRIBUTION (map 3).—Known only from the type-locality,
which is situated in the East Gulf Section of the Gulf Coastal Plain
of northeastern Florida.

Discusston.—This species, although presently represented only
by the unique female, is morphologically distinct from all other
members of the genus. It may be separated most easily from Car-
sina fernaldana and C. simulator, which it apparently bears closest
affinities to, by the relatively simple, deeply clefted, bilobed lamella
antevaginalis.

Carposina (Carposina) engalactis Meyrick
Fieures 8, 79, 96; Map 4

Carposina engalactis Meyrick, 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 4, pt. 10, p. 313.

AvUuLT (fig. 8)—Wing expanse: 9, 18-19 mm.

Head: Uniformly whitish to pale stramineous. Antennae same
color as head. Labial palpus mostly whitish, with slight suffusion of
fuscous on lateroventral margin; apical segment mostly whitish,
ringed with pale brown.

Thorax: Collar and tegula approximately same color as head;
dorsum slightly darker, stramineous; underside of thorax stramineous.

313-145 O—68—_3

28 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Legs with lateroventral scales mostly fuscous, dorsal scales whitish to
stramineous; apices of tarsal segments ringed with white; tibia of
meso- and metathoracic legs with broad band of white, remainder of
segment fuscous. Forewings stramineous, irregularly mottled with
various shades of brown; darker areas concentrated in four or five
brownish fuscous spots along costa, at apex of cell and along termen;
border of termen slightly darker with two or three dark fuscous,
submarginal spots; outer fringe mostly unicolorous, stramineous.
Hindwings uniformly pale gray.

Abdomen: Uniformly pale stramineous above and below.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 79, 96).—Ovipositor relatively short;
posterior apophysis approximately 1.5 > length of anterior pair.
Posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis sinuate, with a shallow
median depression. Antrum greatly swollen, globose, somewhat con-
stricted near ostium; walls thickened and densely papillose throughout.
Walls of ductus bursae somewhat thickened, reticulate, gradually
becoming more membraneous toward corpus; ductus gradually enlarg-
ing to form relatively elongate, slender bursa; signa absent. Inception
of ductus seminalis at caudal end of ductus bursae near termination
of antrum.

Tyrr.—Lectotype, ? (present designation); Santa Catharina [sic],
Neu-Bremen, Fr. Hoffmann, 23.11.31; Carposina engalactis, n.sp., det.
Meyrick, Type. In the Vienna Naturhistorisches Museum.

TypE-LocaLity.—Neu Bremen, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Host.— Unknown.

DiIsTRIBUTION (map 4).—Known only from the type-locality, which
is situated in the Parand Plateau of southeastern Brazil.

Discusston.—Certain morphological features of this species, such
as the absence of a signum, suggest a generic or subgeneric placement
different than the one currently recognized. All other females of the
subgenus Carposina studied, including the type of the genus, are
characterized by a pair of strongly forked signa. Unfortunately, no
males are yet known of C. engalactis; thus, it is possible that the
discovery of a male will necessitate a new combination for this species.
The venation of the forewing, however, agrees with typical Carposina
in that all veins arise separately from the cell.

Through the courtesy of Dr. Fritz Kasy of the Vienna Museum, I
was able to examine two of the three syntypes described by Meyrick
and have designated one as lectotype. The present location of the
third specimen is not known.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Two females.

SOUTH AMERICA: Braziu: Santa Catarina, Neu Bremen, 1 9, lectotype,
1 @, paralectotype, Feb. 23, 1931, coll. Fr. Hoffman (VNM).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 29

Carposina (Carposina) phycitana Walsingham

FIGurE 9; Map 5

Carposina phycitana Walsingham, 1914, Biol. Centrali-Americana, Heterocera,
vol. 4, p. 299, pl. 9. fig. 9—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fasc. 179, p. 7.

The following is quoted from the original description: ‘Antennae
strongly biciliate 4; shining, whitish. Palpi fawn-whitish. Head straw-
whitish. Thorax shining, pale fawn. Forewings shining, pale fawn-
ochreous, mottled with fawn-brown, of which the most conspicuous
markings are an elongate patch on the end of the cell, and a shade
along the termen, three or four fuscous spots on the outer half of the
costa, and three before the terminal shade above mentioned; some
shining, silvery white scales are scattered about the wing-surface,
before and beyond the middle, and several patches of strongly-raised
scales conform to the ground-colour on which they arise—two of these
are near the base, above the fold, two below the basal half of the fold,
one immediately above the middle of the fold, and one at the end of
the cell; cilia fawn-whitish. Exp. al. 17 mm. Hindwings rosy grey;
cilia paler. Abdomen shining, pale grey. Legs fawn-whitish, with
greyish tarsal bands.

“Type & (66307) Mus. Wlsm. (Godm-Salv. Coll.) BM.

“Hab. Panama: Chiriqui: Volcan de Chiriqui, 2000-3000 ft., 1881-2
(G. C. Champion). Unique.

“This is a true Carposina, with typical neuration: (Morewings 12
veins, all separate; 2 from near angle of cell, 7 to termen. Hindwings,
cubitus pectinate; 6 veins, (3+4) and (6+7) coincident; (3+ 4) and
5 short-stalked).”’

Discussion.— Unfortunately, it was not possible for me to examine
the unique holotype of this species, although it is doubtful that much
information can be obtained from that specimen due to its present
physical condition. Mr. Paul Whalley of the British Museum has in-
formed me that the holotype is now in extremely poor condition, having
no abdomen and only one pair (left side) of wings. Consequently, I
have included in full the original description of the species above,
realizing, of course, that relatively little use can be derived from this
superficial diagnosis due to its omission of genital characters. It is
doubtful whether the identity of this species can ever be established
until additional material is rediscovered from the type-locality.

Only two other specimens of Carposina are presently known from
Central America, and neither of these is believed to be conspecific
with C. phycitana. These two moths are discussed toward the end of
this paper as Carposina species numbers 1 and 2.

30 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Subgenus Trepsitypa Meyrick, new status

Trepsitypa Meyrick, 1913 Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 72; 1922, Gen.
Insect., fase. 179, pp. 2, 3.—Clarke, 1963, Catalogue of the type specimens of
Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by
Edward Meyrick, vol. 4, p. 65.

Typr-spPEcIES.—Trepsitypa cardinata Meyrick, 1913. Original
designation and monobasic.

Aputr.—Forewings (fig. 29) with vein 10 arising from discal cell
at or very near origin of 11; 7 and 8 stalked for approximately half
their length; 3 and 4 stalked less than half their length. Hindwings
with 6 faintly present; discal cell shortened, extending less than half
the length of wing; 2 arising from outer fourth of cell.

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Ovipositor relatively long and_ slender;
posterior apophyses approximately twice the length of anterior pair.
Antrum and ductus bursae with thickened, densely papillose walls
extending entire length to corpus. Corpus bursae completely mem-
branous, with a pair of deeply forked signa.

Discussion.—The stalked condition of veins 7 and 8 in the primaries
immediately separates this subgenus from the other members of
Carposina as well as from all other genera of the family.

Carposina (Trepsitypa) cardinata (Meyrick), new combination
Ficures 10, 29, 78, 97, 115; Map 4

Trepsitypa cardinata Meyrick, 1913, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 73;
1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179, p. 3.—Clarke, 1963, Catalogue of the type
specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History)
described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 4, p. 65, pl. 31, figs. la-e.

AvuLT (fig. 10).—Wing expanse: 9, 14 mm.

Head: Whitish with slight admixture of fuscous scales. Antennae
whitish, each segment encircled by a narrow band of fuscous. Labial
palpi light fuscous, majority of scales with darker tips; apices of
second and third segments whitish.

Thorax: Whitish with slight suffusion of fuscous; concentration
of fuscous along collar, becoming heavier on tegula; undersides of
thorax mostly whitish. Legs mostly whitish ochreous below, fuscous
above except for a whitish band encircling apices of tibial and tarsal
segments; metathoracic leg distinctly paler in color. Forewings pale
brown with somewhat irregular suffusion of dark fuscous markings
concentrated at wing base, costa, and at outer margin of discal cell;
transverse band at wing base fuscous, outer fourth of wing largely
whitish; marginal fringe mostly grayish. Hindwings uniformly grayish.

Abdomen: Pale fuscous to gray above and below, slightly paler on
underside.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE ol

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 78, 97).—Lamella antevaginalis with
surface roughened, densely papillose; posterior margin very irregular,
consisting of a double fold of heavy membrane, slightly projected
caudad near middle. Ductus bursae relatively enlarged, approximately
same width as antrum throughout most its length; walls densely
papillose to junction with corpus bursae, papillae becoming flattened

Map 4.—Distribution of Carposina species and Atoposea.

x C. (Carposina) engalactis ye C. (Hypopremna) bullata
@ C. (Trepsitypa) cardinata & Atoposea maxima

a2 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

and broader (i.e., reticulate) toward lower end. Corpus bursae abruptly
enlarged; rami of signa relatively long and slender.

Typr.—Lectotype, 2 designated by Clarke (1963), in the British
Museum (Natural History).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bartica, Guyana.

DIsTRIBUTION (map 4).—Known only from the type-locality which
is located in the Guiana Coastal Plain. ©

Discussion.—Superficially this subgenus and_ species closely
resemble the members of the typical subgenus, particularly in the
general structure of the female genitalia. The palpus of the lectotype
as figured by Clarke and of the paralectotype examined by me both
show less scaling along the dorsum of the second palpal segment;
however, this condition is probably due to the rather poor preservation
of these two specimens. The diagnostic feature of the subgenus as well
as the species is the stalking of veins 7 and 8 in the primaries; Trepsitypa
being the only carposinid possessing this character.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—One female.

SOUTH AMERICA: Guyana: Bartica, 1 Q, 12.12 [December], paralecto-
type, coll. Parish (USNM).

Subgenus Dipremna, new subgenus

TYPE-SPECIES.—Carposina cretata, new species.

AputtT.—Forewings (fig. 30) with vein 10 arising from discal cell
slightly closer to 11 than to 9; 8 and 9 stalked less than one-third
their length; 3 and 4 stalked approximately one-third their length.
Hindwings with 6 completely absent; discal cell relatively shortened,
less than half the length of wing; 2 arising from outer third of cell.

MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus present but reduced. Tegumen relatively
broad; lateral margins with a prominent, elongate and widely divided
enathos. Transtilla weak, with a pair of digitate processes arising
near lateral ends. Valvae variously lobed, broad at base, narrowing
abruptly to apex; ampulla reduced, arising from base of costa. Vincu-
lum rather weak, expanding ventrally to form distinct saccus. Juxta
prominent, furcate. Aedeagus with apical half expanded, cornuti
numerous and arranged in two dense clusters; inception of ejaculatory
duct just below middle.

Discussion.—This taxon can be easily separated from the other
subgenera of Carposina by the two sets of stalked veins, 3+4 and
8+9, in the primaries; hence the name Dipremna (double-stalk).
The male genitalia of C. cretata is structurally very close to that ob-
served in the species of the typical subgenus, particularly in the
form of the juxta and gnathos.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 33

Carposina (Dipremna) cretata, new species

FicurEs 13, 30, 61; Map 5

AvuLT (fig. 13).—Wing expanse: o’, 14-15 mm.

Head: White except for slight suffusion of fuscous along front
rim of eye. Antennae with scape and pedicel white; basal 6-8 segments
irregularly ringed with brownish fuscous, becoming entirely brownish
fuscous beyond. Labial palpi white, heavily irrorated with fuscous
on outer side; apical segment with slight suffusion of pale brown
around middle.

Thorax: Whitish with suffusion of pale to medium brown; tegula
pale brownish at base, apical half white; dorsum heavily suffused
with brown; venter of thorax whitish. All legs whitish dorsally, darker
ventrally; tarsal segments whitish tipped; pro- and mesothoracic legs
fuscous below, metathoracic leg paler, brownish. Forewings largely
white, with sparsely scattered patches of pale brown to fuscous;
basal transverse band pale fuscous, interrupted with white at middle;
four or five fuscous spots of varying widths along costa, typically
two broad and two narrow spots alternately spaced; most of outer
third of discal cell dark fuscous, partially continuing as an oblique
streak to outer third of costa; termen usually with six small fuscous
spots placed at apex of veins; fringe whitish, suffused with pale
eray to brown. Hindwing grayish white to silvery gray, darker at apex.

Abdomen: Pale fuscous to dusky white above, usually darker
laterally and paler, more whitish beneath.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 61).—Uncus triangular, lightly sclerotized.
Tegumen with a dense, transverse row of broad setae across middle;
both halves of gnathos elongate, sinuate, terminating in a long,
stout spine; a long strand of fine hairs enclosed in and extending the
length of each shaft and projecting slightly beyond subapical apera-
ture. Transtilla consisting of a thin, narrow band, becoming broader
at lateral juncture to valvae, with a pair of strongly curved, digitate
processes arising near valvae. Juxta elongate, approximately one-
half length of valvae, strongly forked almost to base. Valvae with
relatively broad base, abruptly constricted at outer third; apical
third slender, tubular, strongly curved, gradually flaring at apex.
Vinculum narrow, Y-shaped, gradually enlarging to form short but
distinct saccus. Aedeagus with apical half enlarged, asymmetrical,
partially excavate on one side; with a large, rather elongate patch of
over 30 stout spines projecting basad; a small, subapical patch of about
six to eight shorter spines just above large patch.

Hotoryrr.—El Yunque Biological Station, Molindero Road,
Luquillo Forest, 2100 feet, Puerto Rico, %, Jan. 17, 1963, coll. P. J.
Spangler, at black light, USNM 69653; in the United States National
Museum.

34 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

ParatyprEs.—PuErTO Rico: Same locality as holotype, 5 o, Jan.
11-17, 1963, coll. P. J. Spangler (USNM). Described from a total
of six males.

Host.— Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION (map 5).—Known only from the type-locality.

Discussion.—Superfically this species may be distinquished from
the other members of Carposina by its predominantly whitish color.
The male genitalia show many diagnostic features, particularly in
the unique structure of the valvae and gnathos. In addition, the
stalking of both 3+4 and 8+9 in the primaries can be utilized as a
specific character as well as a subgeneric one. The venation
of all six specimens was examined and no variation was observed.

The discovery of C. cretata now establishes the presence of at least
two species of Carposinidae in Puerto Rico, the other species being
C. bullata.

Subgenus Epipremna, new subgenus

Typr-spEcIEs.—Carposina dominicae, new species.

Apu.tT.—Forewing (fig. 31) with vein 10 arising from discal cell
nearer to 11 than to 9; all veins separate except 8 and 9 which are
stalked one-third their length. Hindwings with only a vestige of 6
present at outer margin of cell; 3 and 4 usually connate; sometimes
slightly separate; discal cell relatively shortened; slightly less than
half the length of wing; 2 arising from outer fifth of cell very near 3.

MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus present, but reduced in size. Tegumen
relatively broad. Lateral arms of gnathos widely separated, elongate
and stout. Transtilla reduced to a thin band across middle; broader
laterally; a pair of digitate processes present near juncture with
valvae. Valvae relatively simple; ampulla absent. Vinculum rather
weak, expanding ventrally to form broad, indistinct saccus. Juxta
strongly bilobed. Aedeagus with apical half expanded; a single, dense
cluster of cornuti present near apex; juncture of ejaculatory duct
above middle.

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Ovipositor relatively short; posterior apo-
physes approximately 1.5 < length of anterior pair. Lamella ante-
vaginalis relatively simple, reduced. Antrum distinct, walls densely
papillose. Ductus bursae slender, gradually enlarging to form long,
narrow corpus. Corpus bursae membranous, without signa.

Discussion.—On the basis of venation, particularly in regard to
the stalking of 8+9 and the separation of all other veins of both wings,
this taxon can be easily distinguished from the remaining subgenera
of Carposina and from most other Carposinidae. It is probably closest
to Meridarchis with regard to venation, but differs from the type of
that genus in several features of the secondaries, such as: the near

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 35

absence of vein 6, the connate condition of 3 and 4, and the distal
origin of 2 which arises near 3. In addition, the male genitalia of
Carposina and Meridarchis exhibit several basic differences described
below.

Carposina (Epipremna) dominicae, new species
Figures 11-12, 31, 62, 80, 98, 114; Map 5

Aputt (figs. 11-12)—Wing expanse: o’”, 14-15 mm.; 9 14-16 mm.

Head: Whitish. Antennae whitish at base, becoming grayish to
pale fuscous along middle of shaft, then whitish again at apex; sensory
hairs of male 5-6 diameter of shaft in length; those of female about
0.5 <. Labial palpus in male with basal third of second segment
fuscous, remainder of segment and all of third whitish; female with
basal third and most of ventral surface of second segment fuscous,
remainder of segment and all of third tawny to whitish.

Thorax: Whitish to pale brown; venter mostly whitish. Pro- and
mesothoracic legs whitish to pale gray, apices of tibial and tarsal
segments faintly tufted with whitish to tawny scales. Forewings light
brown, irregularly mottled with dark brown and fuscous; typically
four or five fuscous spots of varying widths distributed along costa;
basal spot of series the broadest, situated just below middle of costa;
apex of discal cell with either one or two small but prominent fuscous
tufts of raised scales; marginal fringe grayish to pale brown, faintly
irrorated with dusky white. Hindwings grayish, outer third slightly
darker.

Abdomen: Whitish to tawny above, slightly darker beneath with a
greater suffusion of pale fuscous.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 62).—Uncus reduced, consisting of a simple
rounded lobe, indistinctly separated tegumen, with a transverse row
of several elongate setae arising near base. Tegumen a relatively
broad dorsal arch. Gnathos, divided, very prominent and stout,
nearly as long as valvae, with a dense cluster of elongate spines
extending from the base of each element to beyond its apex. Transtilla
mostly membranous across middle, expanding laterally to form a
small rectangular sclerite; lateral digitate processes very short,
approximately 3 X as long as broad; setose. Valvae relatively simple,
without ampulla; broad at base, becoming strongly constricted near
middle, then enlarging into a densely spinulose, evenly rounded
cucullus. Juxta broad, irregularly bilobed and constricted at middle.
Vinculum V-shaped, narrow; saccus moderately developed, indistinctly
set off from vinculum. Aedeagus with apical half enlarged, strongly
asymmetrical, curved slightly toward midline, bearing a dense,
longitudinal cluster of more than 50 spines; approximately half of
apical area membranous; basal half narrow, rodlike.

36 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Map 5.—Distribution of Carposina species.

A C. (Carposina) phycitana [J Carposina species, no. 1
* C. (Dipremna) cretata yy Carposina species, no. 2
@ C. (Epipremna) dominicae

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 80, 98).—Lamella antevaginalis largely
membranous but papillose and somewhat thickened; posterior margin
membranous, irregular; a pair of knoblike thickenings present near
posterolateral angles. Antrum inflated; walls thickened; papillose
to reticulate. Ductus bursae narrow, becoming gradually enlarged
toward corpus bursae; walls partially membranous, with three or four
longitudinal bands of reticulate thickenings extending Jength of
ductus and gradually disappearing toward corpus. Corpus bursae
completely membranous, elongate, gradually enlarging toward ter-
minal end. Origin of ductus seminalis at caudal end of ductus bursae
near termination of antrum.

Hototyre.—Two miles N.W. Pont Cassé, 1400 feet, Dominica,
British West Indies, #, April 27, 1965, coll. D. R. Davis, USNM
69652; in the United States National Museum.

Paratypres.—Dominica: Freshwater Lake, 2400 feet, 1 &, Nov. 8,
1966, coll. E. L. Todd (USNM). Point Lolo, 5 mi. W. of, 1500 feet,
1 o, 2 9, Feb. 19-Mar. 1, 1965, coll. J. F. G. Clarke (USNM).
Pont Cassé, 2000 feet, 2 &, 4 9, Apr. 2-May 19, 1965, coll. D. R.
Davis (USNM); 0.5 mi. W. of, 1 6, 2 9, July 22-24, 1968, coll. O. S.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 37

Flint (USNM); 1.5 mi. N.W. of, 1500 feet, 2 9, Apr. 3, 1965, coll.
D. R. Davis (USNM); 2 mi. N.W. of, 1400 feet, 4 o&, 34 9, Apr.
13-June 5, 1965, coll. D. R. Davis (USNM). Described from. a total
of 9 males and 44 females.

Host.— Unknown.

DiIsTRIBUTION (map 5).—This species is known only from Dominica
of the Lesser Antilles, where it commonly occurs in the wetter and
more heavily forested central area of the island at elevations from
1400 to 2400 feet.

Discussion.—Several features of the male and female genitalia
and wing venation distinguish this species from all other members of
the genus. The absence of a signum in the female and the stalking
of 8+9 in the primaries are not unique considered separately, but
are of particular significance when associated.

Carposina dominicae was most commonly encountered by the author
in pure stands of rain forest above 1400 feet. It is probably significant
that the species was never collected in the heavily cut, replanted
areas at lower elevations, as exist at the Clarke Hall Estate, even
though such locations were rather thoroughly sampled by various
members of the Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey.

Subgenus Hypopremna, new subgenus

Typr-spectes.—Carposina bullata Meyrick, 1913.

Apuutt.—Forewings (fig. 33) with vein 10 originating distinctly
closer to 11 than 9; all veins arising separate from discal cell except 3
and 4 which are stalked for approximately half their length. Hind-
wings with 6 faintly present; 3 and 4 normally connate, sometimes
stalked for a short distance with fusion never more than one-sixth
the length of 4; discal cell shortened, extending less than half the
length of wing; 2 arising from outer fourth of cell.

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Ovipositor moderately long and_ slender;
posterior apophyses approximately 1.5 X length of anterior pair.
Antrum and ductus bursae of relative uniform diameter, with heavily
thickened, reticulate walls extending entire length to corpus, thence
terminating abruptly. Corpus bursae completely membranous, en-
larged and rounded, with a pair of furcate signa.

Discusston.—Hypopremna, which literally means “lower stalk,”
may be separated from the other subgenera of Carposina by the
stalking of veins 3 and 4 of the forewing and the separate condition
of all other veins.

Carposina (Hypopremna) bullata Meyrick

Ficures 14, 33, 81, 99; Map 4

Carposina bullata Meyrick, 1913, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 98;
1922, Gen. Insect., fasc. 179, p. 7.—Clarke, 1963, Catalogue of the type

38 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History)
described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 4, p. 42, pl. 20, figs. 2—2c.

Avutt (fig. 14).—Wing expanse: 9, 11-13 mm.

Head: Whitish to light brown. Antennae unicolorous, ight brown
to pale fuscous. Labial palpi fuscous, slightly irrorated with light
brown; dorsal scales and extreme apices of second and third segments
light brown; inner surface of second segment mostly whitish to light
brown.

Thorax: Whitish to light brown, scale apices often of a lighter
color than base; venter of thorax paler, usually whitish. Pro- and
mesothoracic legs fuscous; apices of tibial and tarsal segments whitish
to light brown; metathoracic legs whitish, faintly irrorated with pale
brown. Forewings mottled with various shades of brown; basal trans-
verse band of fuscous present; five fuscous spots usually distinguish-
able along costa; a rather large, elongate, fuscous spot covering outer
half of discal cell usually distinct even in rubbed specimens; marginal
fringe fuscous, scales tipped with light brown to dusky white. Hind-
wings grayish at base, becoming darker toward outer margin.

Abdomen: Light brown to tawny above, more whitish beneath.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 81, 99).—Lamella antevaginalis lightly
sclerotized, variable in outline, roughly triangular; posterior margin
usually sinuate, with a slight median depression, nearly truncate in
some forms and more projected posteriorally in others. Ductus
bursae and antrum indistinguishable, of approximately same diameter
throughout length, becoming slightly enlarged toward corpus; walls
heavily reticulate. Corpus bursae abruptly enlarged, spherical; junc-
ture with ductus bursae sharply delineated by abrupt termination
of thickened walls of ductus; furcate arms of signa relatively short;
one arm of each signum frequently subdivided to form a short second-
ary fork. Inception of ductus seminalis below middle of ductus bursae.

Tyre.—Holotype, 9; in the British Museum (Natural History).

TyYPE-LOCALITY.—Bartica, Guyana.

Host.— Unknown.

DisrripuTion (map 4).—Present records, although scattered,
suggest this neotropical species to be rather widely distributed. It
is known to occur from the Dominican Republic south through the
Lesser Antilles to Guyana; it has also been found in Peru. The largest
series of Carposina bullata collected thus far is from Dominica where
it is found over much of the wetter parts of the island from near sea
level to elevations exceeding 2,000 feet.

Discusston.—The female genitalia of this species appears quite
different from that of the other members of the genus. After the
male is discovered and more information thus made available, it may
become necessary to recognize this taxon as a separate genus. The

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 39

venation of Carposina bullata appears very stable; 15 specimens were
examined for venational variation, and no appreciable differences
were noted from the pattern as shown in figure 33.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—21 females.

PERU: Iquitos, 1 9, Mar. 21 (BM).

WEST INDIES: Dominica: Antrim, 1,000 feet, 1 9, Mar. 11 (USN M); Central
Forest Reserve, 19, May 8 (USNM); Clarke Hall Estate, 1 mi. E., 5 9, Apr.
4—May 22 (USNM); Pont Cassé, 2,000 feet, 1 9, May 19 (USNM); 2 mi. N. W.
Pont Cassé, 1,400 feet, 2 9, Apr. 16-May 5 (USNM); Rosalie, 1 9, June 15
(USNM); South Chiltern Estate, 1 9, Mar. 3 (USNM). Dominican REPUBLIC:
San Francisco Mts., 6 2, Sept. (USNM). Puerto Rico: Bayamon, 1 9, Sept.
10 (USNM). Trintpap: Specific locality unknown, 1 ? (USNM).

Atoposea, new genus

Typp-spEcrEs.—Carposina mazima Meyrick, 1912a.

Aputr.—Moderately robust, medium size moths; wing expanse
approximately 35 mm.

Head: Antennae of male with short, relatively broad scales
restricted to dorsal and lateral surfaces; ventral surface with two
rows of dense, minute cilia; cilia moderately long, length approximately
1-1.5 diameter of shaft.

Thorax: Wings (fig. 34) relatively broad, termen not strongly
oblique. Forewings with all veins arising separate from discal cell;
vein 10 originating considerably closer to 11 than to 9; apex of cell
slightly excavate. Hindwings with 6 present; discal cell extending
approximately one half the length of wing; vein 2 arising from middle
of cell.

MALE GENITALIA.—Uncus present but reduced. Tegumen relatively
broad. Gnathos elongate, widely separated into two symmetrical
halves. Subscaphium present. Transtilla weak, with a pair of digitate
processes arising from lateral ends. Valvae elongate, with ampulla
present. Vinculum reduced to a narrow ventral ring; saccus small, not
extended. Aedeagus with apical half slightly enlarged ;cornuti numerous,
minute, restricted primarily to two lateral rows; inception of ejacula-
tory duct approximately midway along aedeagus.

Discussion.—Superficially, the venation of this genus resembles
that of certain members of Carposina, particularly the typical sub-
genus, but a combination of what may appear to be relatively minor
differences do exist. Notably among these are the origin of vein 10
in the forewing, the distinct presence of 6 and the origin of vein 2
in the hindwing. In regard to the last character, the second cubital
vein originates more distad near the lower angle of the cell than in
all members of Carposina. Atoposea, which literally means “‘odd”’ or
‘“anusual moth,” may be further separated from the other New World

40 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

members of the family by the distinctly different male genitalia;
particularly by the presence of a subscaphium. The male genitalia of
A. maxima superficially resembles that of some species of Heterogymna
and Meridarchis but differs, again, by the presence of a subscaphium.
Venational differences further distinguish Atoposea from the latter
two Old World genera.

Unfortunately it has not been possible to describe the palpi of this
monotypic genus due to the damaged condition of these structures
in the single specimen available for study.

Atoposea maxima (Meyrick), new combination

FieureEs 15, 34, 63; Map 4

Carposina maxima Meyrick, 1912a Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pt. 4, p. 673; 1922,
Gen. Insect., fase. 179, p. 7—Clarke, 1963, Catalogue of the type specimens
of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by
Edward Meyrick, vol. 4, p. 45, pl. 21, figs. 3-3b.

Apvuut (fig. 15).—Wing expanse: o’, 34-35 mm.

Head: Whitish except for pale brownish fringe of scales bordering
eyes. Antennae pale brown; underside of scape whitish. (Labial
palpi damaged.)

Thorax: Whitish to tawny with irregular, dark brown, transverse
band across middle; whitish to pale brown underneath. Pro- and
mesothoracic legs pale brown; metathoracic legs whitish, spurs slightly
darker, brownish. Fore wings somewhat irregularly mottled with
various shades of brown; darkest along costa, outer half of discal cell
and between veins 3 and 6; whitish to tawny along lower half of wing
and between vein 6 and 8; fringe pale brown to whitish. Hindwings
uniformly grayish.

Abdomen: Whitish to pale brown above, paler beneath.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 63).—Uncus conical, indistinctly set off from
tegumen, setose; a dense tuft of elongate setae arising from area be-
tween uncus and tegumen. Tegumen relatively well developed, nearly
as broad as valvae. Gnathos falciform (as viewed laterally), without
setae or spines. Transtilla relatively weak, consisting of a narrow
transverse band with a pair of setigerous, digitate processes arising at
lateral junctions to valvae. Valvae elongate, constricted at apex of
sacculus; ampulla clawlike, apical half divided into six, stout spines,
decreasing in size ventrally toward base of valva; cucullus simple,
without lobes or processes, broadly rounded at apex, densely clothed
with fine setae throughout its length. Juxta indistinct, fused to basis
of valvae. Subscaphium elongate; posterior end deeply forked one-
fourth its total length. Vinculum a narrow ring, slightly enlarged at
middle to form a small, triangular saccus. Aedeagus relatively complex

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 4]

with apical half enlarged and divided; each half bearing a dense,
elongate cluster of more than 50 short spinules.

Typr.—Holotype, o*; in the British Museum (Natural History).

Typr-LOCALITY.—San Antonio, Colombia, 5800 feet.

Hosr.— Unknown.

DistRIBUTION (map 4).—Presently known only from the type-
locality which is located in the Magdalena basin of Colombia.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—One male.

SOUTH AMERICA: CotomsBia: San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, 1 07,
Nov. (USNM).

Bondia Newman

Bondia Newman, 1856, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (new series), vol. 3 [1854-1856],
p. 289.—Meyrick, 1910, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 35, pt. 1,
p. 143.—Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, Check List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, p. 180.—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179, pp. 2, 3.—
Forbes, 1923, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 68, p. 515; 1928, in
Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 101, p. 570.—Fletcher, 1929,
Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Ent. series, vol. 11, p. 33.—McDunnough, 1939,
Mem. S. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61.—Diakonoff, 1954, Verhandl.
Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuur., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 116, 119.

Typr-spEcres.—Bondia nigella Newman, 1856, monobasic.

Aputt.—Relatively small, slender bodied moths; wing expanse
approximately 11-20 mm.

Head (figs. 44-53): Antennae sexually dimorphic; male with scales
restricted mainly to dorsal and lateral surfaces of shaft; ventral surface
densely covered with fine, elongate cilia; length of cilia approximately
2-3 & diameter of shaft; female antennae almost completely covered
with scales; cilia minute, visible only under high magnification and
approximately 0.5 X diameter of shaft. Labial palpi variable; sexually
dimorphic in some species, not in others; relatively short and sub-
ascending in male, scales roughened and somewhat tufted beneath on
second segment; female palpi either elongate and porrect with second
segment mostly smooth beneath and roughened above, or short and
subascending with scaling on second segment similar to that of male;
length of second segment in female varying from 1 to 2 x the length
of comparable segment in male.

Thorax: Wings (figs. 35-37) relatively slender in most species;
termen strongly oblique. Primaries with all veins separate; vein 10
arising from cell approximately midway between 11 and 9; 11 arising
near outer third of cell; 2 strongly curved, originating close to 3 near
lower angle. Secondaries with discal cell extending half way to termen;
veins 5 and 6 absent, the latter sometimes represented by a short
vestige at termination of cell; 3 and 4 separate in most species, some-
times stalked about one-third the length of 3; rarely connate; cubital
pecten present in some species, greatly reduced and restricted to

42 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

extreme wing base in others (including generotype); marginal fringe
relatively elongate, equaling width of forewing in some species.

MALE GENITALIA.— Uncus reduced typically to a small conical lobe,
fused to tegumen. Tegumen relatively narrow. Gnathos absent.
Transtilla usually well developed, often arched at middle. Valvae
short, stout, outer half either entire or deeply divided into 2-4 lobes
of various sizes. Aedeagus either elongate and slender or more short-
ened and clavate; cornuti usually numerous and arranged in dense
patches, sometimes few in number and scattered; ejaculatory duct
usually entering above middle. Spermatophore elongate, slender, ap-
proximately same diameter throughout; aperature either at middle
or at apical end.

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Ovipositor moderate to long; posterior apo-
physis usually about 1.5 X length of anterior pair. Sinus vaginalis
broad; caudal portion of ductus bursae frequently expanded into a
thick walled antrum; remainder of ductus bursae slender, gradually
enlarging to form long, narrow corpus bursae; signa absent.

Discussion.—The systematic treatment of this genus, like that of
Carposina, still leaves much to be desired. After an adequate study of
all the specjes has been completed, it may be decided that the
Australian species and the two more or less distinct groups of North
American species require separate generic or subgeneric placements.
As now envisaged, no single set of characters clearly defines the
group, although a combination of several features loosely associates
the known species. The male and female genitalia of the American
forms are rather similar to those of the Australian in general mor-
phology and provide the best set of characters for delimiting the
group. Although the females of the generotype, B. nigella, possess
similar genitalia, the morphology of the male genitalia diverges
particularly in the structure of the valvae. In B. nigella the cucullus
is simple and entire with a short but stout ampulla arising from the
apex of the sacculus. In addition, this species differs from all the
American forms, with the exception of B. comonana, in possessing
strongly dimorphic labial palpi. The female palpi in the North
American species gradually progress from the type observed in
B. fidelis, in which the females are superficially identical to the
males, through intermediate forms such as B. crescentella, to the
extreme type possessed by B. comonana. The relative dimorphism
of the labial palpi, beside being gradual, also does not appear to be
correlated with any other characters as a possible criterion for sub-
dividing the genus. For example, in the case of another interspecifically
variable character studied, it was observed that some species with
reduced palpi in the female had veins 3 and 4 stalked in the hindwings,
whereas in others with similar palpi these veins were separate.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 43

Part of the difficulty in understanding the American species of
Bondia is due to the lack of associated material, particularly in those
forms where only one sex is known. After this inadequacy has been
remedied, it may be possible to re-evaluate the genus.

Key to the American Species of Bondia

la. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked from cell (fig. 37), rarely connate.
2a. Forewings unicolorous, black (fig. 21)... . . B. fuseata, new species
2b. Forewings lighter in color, grayish to fuscous, not unicolorous, with a
whitish discal spot usually distinct as well as a dark transverse band
at base of wing.
3a. Female with lateral thickenings of lamella postvaginalis con-
tinuous with median lobe and not projecting posteriorally
(igs 04) ae ese ... . . B. fidelis
3b. Lateral thickenings of ements Nene areas largely separate from
median lobe and projecting beyond it (fig. 107).
Bondia species no. 2
1b. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 separate (fig. 36).
2a. Forewings with a distinct, contrasting pattern of dark and whitish to
grayish scales.
3a. Outer third of forewing fuscous, distinctly set off from broad
whitish to gray median band (fig. 16) . . . . . B. comonana
3b. Outer third of forewing not darker than rest of wing (fig. 17);
median band of white absent; a concentric ring of fuscous
scales present near center of cell. . . . . . B. crescentella
2b. Forewings with relatively uniform maculation; markings when present
usually indistinct, consisting of a number of small, scattered patches
of dark scales.
3a. Ground color of forewings grayish to medium fuscous.
4a. Male with outer lobes of valvae relatively short and

robust (fig. 70)... . . . . . B. spicata, new species
4b. Male with outer lobes of valvae elongate and slender (fig.
O9)e Sse ee . . . . B. shastana, new species

3b. Forewings Ale Fietoue meen, black (fig. 25).
Bondia species no. 1

Bondia comonana (Kearfott)
FIGURES 1-2, 16, 36, 44-48, 64, 83, 101, 117; Map 6

Cai posina comonana Kearfott, 1907a, Trans. American Ent. Soc., vol. 33, no. 1,
p. 87.—Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, Check List of the Lepidoptera of
Boreal America, p. 180 (no. 7557).—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179,
p. 7 (synonym of Carposina euryleuca Meyrick).—McDunnough, 1939, Mem.
S. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61 (no. 7628).—Klots, 1942, Bull.
American Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 79, art. 6, p. 416.—Essig, 1958, Insects and
Mites of Western North America, p. 741.

Bondia comonana (Kearfott).—Keifer, 1943, Bull. Dept. Agric. California, vol.
32, no. 4, p. 258.

Carposina euryleuca Meyrick, 1912b, Ent. Monthly Mag., 2nd series, vol. 23
(vol. 48), no. 266 (no. 573), p. 35.—Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, Check
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 180 (no. 7557) (synonym of
Carposina comonana Kearfott).—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179,

313-145 O—68—4

44 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

p. 7.—McDunnough, 1939, Mem. S. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1,
p. 64 (no. 7628) (synonym of Carposina comonana Kearfott).

Avutt (fig. 16).—Wing expanse: o, 14-19 mm.; 9, 13-18 mm.

Head: Fuscous, heavily irrorated with white to tawny; base of
each scale typically tawny, middle portion fuscous, apex white. An-
tennae with basal 2-3 segments fuscous, lightly irrorated with grayish
white; each segment along basal half of shaft apically ringed with
tawny, becoming entirely pale fuscous on outer half. Labial palpi
fuscous, faintly irrorated with white; inner surfaces somewhat paler,
particularly at base of second segment; apex of third segment grayish
white; female palpi elongate, porrect, second segment approximately
1.5 X length of that of male; male palpi relatively short, subascending.

Thorax: Fuscous, irrorated with white; ventral surfaces whitish,
irrorated with fuscous. Pro- and mesothoracic legs almost entirely
fuscous; apices of tibial and tarsal segments ringed with grayish
white; metathoracic legs pale fuscous, heavily irrorated with tawny to
dull white, much paler on dorsal surface; tibial and tarsal segments
with tawny to whitish apices. Forewings with a narrow, transverse
band of fuscous at base and a much broader fuscous band covering
outer third of wing; both bands slightly irrorated with whitish gray;
area between dark bands mostly whitish with irregular concentrations
of fuscous, particularly along costa and hind margin, tending to be
most whitish at wing base near basal dark band; six or seven raised
scale tufts usually present, scattered over broad, whitish median area;
terminal fringe fuscous, irrorated with white. Hindwings pale fuscous,
slightly darker toward apex; veins 3 and 4 separate.

Abdomen: Pale fuscous above, pale gray beneath.

Mate GENITALIA (fig. 64) —Uncus reduced, partially membranous.
Tegumen broadly rounded. Vinculum broad, extending as an elongate
sheath along dorsum of aedeagus. Valvae very broad at base, outer
half deeply divided into three distinct lobes of various form; dorsal
lobe (cucullus) the longest in length and somewhat rounded at apex;
median lobe the shortest, arising from base of cucullus, with apex
somewhat mucronate; ventral lobe (sacculus) slender, subacute.
Juxta triangular, about as broad as long. Vinculum Y-shaped, broad;
saccus prominent; elongate. Aedeagus extremely slender, elongate,
nearly doubling the genitalia in length; a series of two to five stout,
elongate spines of varying lengths arranged internally along upper
third of shaft to apex; junction of ejaculatory duct above middle near
apical third.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 83, 101).—Ovipositor moderately elongate;
posterior apophyses approximately 1.5 & length of anterior pair.
Lamella antevaginalis quadrate, lightly sclerotized; posterior margin

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 45

truncate to slightly emarginate; a pair of rodlike structures laterad to
lamella, each with a slightly enlarged, bilobed posterior end. Ductus
bursae partly membranous, with a dark thickening near upper fourth;
walls papillose throughout most of length, continuing over apical half
of corpus; corpus bursae ovoid, lower half entirely membranous.
Origin of ductus seminalis above middle of ductus bursae.

Typre.—Lectotype, o’, designated by Klots (1942); in the American
Museum of Natural History.

TypE-LOCALITY.—San Francisco, California.

Hosr.—Fagaceae: “galls on oak [Quercus sp.]’”’ (from specimen
label). Rosaceae: “larvae bore in limbs of grafted French prune
[Prunus domestica L.]’’ (Essig, 1958); “larvae bore in trunks and fruit
of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]” (Keifer, 1943); “reared from
peach crown gall; reared from black knot on western choke cherry
[Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Dietr.]; reared from black knot on cherry
[Prunus sp.]; reared from black knot on Prunus virginiana L.; reared
from domestic prune [Prunus domestica L.]’ (from specimen labels).

DIsTRIBUTION (map 6).—In the United States this species is known
to occur primarily west of the Rocky Mountains and throughout much
of Maine. In Canada it ranges across the southern provinces from
the Atlantic coast almost to the Pacific.

Discussion.—Relatively little is known concerning the larval
biology of this species other than it has been reared on numerous
occasions from certain tumorous excrescenses often present on rosa-
ceous trees of the genus Prunus. Presumably the larva is a borer
in these tissues. Peach, prune, and cherry are mentioned most fre-
quently as hosts, although a series of moths from Colorado were
reportedly reared from oak galls. Most of the excrescenses occurring
on Prunus are symptoms of a disease commonly referred to as black
knot, which is caused by an ascomycetous fungus, Plowrightia morbosa
(Schw.) Sacc. In the past this disease has been of considerable economic
importance over certain areas of North America. Heald (1933) re-
ports that black knot has been an important factor limiting the com-
mercial production of plums and cherries, particularly east of the
Alleghanies and from North Carolina to southern Ontario and Maine.
Considering that the disease (and hosts) has been and perhaps still is
more prevalent in the eastern part of the continent than the West, it
seems rather unusual that present records indicate the moth to be
more widely distributed in the West and practically absent from the
eastern United States. Further information on the distribution and
biological requirements of this species should clarify this apparent
discrepancy.

In addition to black knot and oak galls, other hosts are reported.
The moths have been reared in California from peach crown galls, a

46 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

800 yo0o MILES

600 800 «100012001400 KILOMETERS

LAMBERT AZIMUTHAL EQUAL~AREA PROJECTION

Map 6.—Distribution of Bondia comonana.

disease produced by a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas tumefaciens
(S. and T.) Duggar. Larvae of B. comonana are also known to attack
healthy plant tissue. Essig (1958) reports large numbers of the larvae
infesting the healthy limbs of French prune which had been grafted
onto apricot trees. The insect became so abundant that several of
the grafted limbs were killed. Keifer (1943) refers to the pest as the
prune limb borer and states that the larva may occasionally enter
peach fruit. The latter author also mentions that the species over-
winters as a pupa inside a cocoon.

Carposina euryleuca was one of several names proposed by Meyrick
(1912b) to replace a series of ‘“‘barbarous’’ names used by Kearfott.
Meyrick, being thoroughly schooled in Latin and Greek, objected
to those names because of their nonclassical origin and submitted
the specific epithet ewryleuca as a replacement name for Kearfott’s
comonana. Under our current code of nomenclature, however, such a
substitution is not valid and, thus, all of Meyrick’s replacement
names have since been synonymized.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 47

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—56 males and 39 females.

CANADA: ALBERTA: Edmonton, 1 9, June 21 (CNC). ManitosBa: Minndosa,
1 2, emerged Feb. 23 (CNC). Oak River, 1 2, emerged Feb. 26 (CNC). Sandy
Lake, 1 o’, emerged Feb. 16 (CNC). Winnepeg, 1 co’, emerged Feb. 23 (CNC).
Nova Scotia: Care Breton Highlands National Park, French Mountain, 1390
feet, 1 o', July 2 (NSM). Quesec: Forestville, 1 2, July 11 (CNC). Rawdon,
1 2, June 12 (CNC). SaskarcHEwan: Greenwater Lake Provincial Forest,
1 o&, emerged Feb. 16 (CNC). Isle a la Crosse, 1 o’, emerged Jan. 24 (CNC).
Moose Mountain Provincial Park, 3 o’, Jan. 25-28 (CNC).

UNITED STATES: Arizona: Coconino Co.: Walnut Canyon, 6% miles
EESE of Flagstaff, 6500 feet, 1 9, Aug. 23 (JGF). Mohave Co.: specific locality
unknown, 2 9, July 8-Aug. 15 (USNM). Santa Cruz Co.: Madera Canyon,
Santa Rita Mountains, 4880 feet, 3 co’, 1 9, May 31—Apr. 9, 1 0, 1 2, July 7-9,
29, Oct. 10-14 (JGF); 1 o, July 9, 1 9, Sept. 13 (USNM); 5600 feet, 1 0’,
Apr. 13, 1 9, Sept. 8 (JGF); 1 9, June 23, 1 9, Sept. 21 (USNM). Cauirornia:
Specific locality unknown [probably San Francisco], 1 o’, Apr. 22, cotype (USNM).
Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, 2 07, 1 9, Aug. (USNM). Mendocino Co.: Mendocino,
1 o, Apr. 30 (UCB). Merced Co.: Livingston, 1 o&’, 3 9, emerged Apr. 13-20
(UCB). San Diego Co.: San Diego, 3 o’, Feb. 16—-Mar. 11 (UCB); 1 o, Feb. 2,
1 9, May 24-30, 1 0’, 1 9, Oct. 6-8 (USNM). Santa Clara Co.: New Almaden,
1 9, July 21, 1 2, Oct. 3, 1 9, Dec. 1 (UCB); Santa Clara, 3 co’, 2 9, Sept. 14—-
Oct. 2 (USNM). Cotorapo: El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs, 1 2, June 10 (CU);
N. Cheyenne Canyon, 2 o’, 6 2, reared May ‘19/15’? (USNM). Marne: Aroo-
stook Co.: De Boulie Mt. [south of St. Francis], 1 07, July 8 (AEB); Portage,
1 0’, July 17 (AEB); Rocky Mt. [N.W. of St. Francis], 1 o&, July 10 (AEB); St.
Francis, 1 co, July 4 (AEB). Franklin Co.: Oquossoe, 3 o, July 6-12 (AEB).
Lincoln Co.: Jefferson, 1 o, July 4 (AEB). Penobscot Co.: Lincoln, 14 o’, 1 @,
July 6-24 (AEB); 2 o’, 1 9, July 5-14 (USNM). Washington Co.: Dennysville,
1 o’, July 11 (AEB). York Co.: Specific locality unknown, 1 9, Aug. (AEB).
Urau: Tooele Co.: Loop Camp, 13 mi. 8.W. Grantsville, 7400 feet, 1 o7, July 1
(AMNH). WasuinetTon: Walla Walla Co.: Walla Walla, 5 o’, 4 9, July 13
(USNM).

Bondia crescentella (Walsingham)
FicurReEs 17, 65, 84, 102, 118; Map 7

Carposina crescentella Walsingham, 1882, Trans. American Ent. Soc., vol. 10,
p- 189. Riley, 1891, in Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America,
p. 103 (no. 5548). Dyar, 1902 [1903], U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 489 (no.
5475).—Kearfott, 1903, in Smith, Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, p. 107 (no. 5896).—Busck, 1907, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol.
15, no. 1, p. 36.—Kearfott, 1907b, Canadian Ent., vol. 39, no. 4, p. 125.

Bondia crescentella (Walsingham).—Meyrick, 1913, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol.
1, pt. 3, p. 71.—Barnes and MeDunnough, 1917, Check List of the Lepidoptera
of Boreal America, p. 180.—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179, p. 3.—
Forbes, 1923, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 68, p. 516, fig. 292;
1928, in Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 101, p. 570.—
McDunnough, 1939, Mem. 8. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61
(no. 7624).

Aputrt (fig. 17).—Wing expanse: o’, 12-19 mm.; 9, 11-20 mm.

Head: Brownish to pale fuscous, irrorated with white; majority of
scales with white tips. Antennae mostly pale fuscous; apex of each

48 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

segment ringed with white. Labial palpi of male and female relatively
short, slightly dimorphic; length of second segment in male about
three-fourths that of female; maculation similar between sexes, outer
surfaces fuscous with slight irroration of white; inner surfaces paler
with more white scales present; apex of third segment white.

Thorax: Anterior portion of dorsum fuscous with an irregular,
transverse white band across middle, becoming darker again posteri-
orally. Ventral surfaces brownish to pale fuscous, strongly irrorated
with white. Pro- and mesothoracic legs mostly fuscous, with apices
of tibial and tarsal segments distinctly ringed with white; metathoracic
legs with tibial and tarsal segments much paler; dorsal margin of
tibia with long whitish hairs; tarsal rings obscure. Pattern of fore-
wings variable, usually with an approximately equal mixture of whit-
ish and grayish fuscous scales; an elongate, crescent-shaped patch of
white at apex of discal cell; center of cell frequently with a circular
ring of dark scales enclosing a smaller dark spot; base of wing with
dark transverse band distinct; fresh specimens typically with three
or four pale, yellowish spots distributed over wing which tend to
become faded with age; one patch often present at base of wing along
outer edge of transverse band, another at raised scale tuft situated
near basal third of costa, and a third usually intermixed with whitish
patch at cell apex. Hindwings uniformly gray; veins 3 and 4 separate.

Abdomen: Grayish to pale fuscous above and along sides, mostly
whitish beneath.

Mat.e& GENITALIA (fig. 65)—Uncus relatively prominent, forming
a broad lobe. Tegumen reduced to a narrow, ringlike band dorsally.
Transtilla well developed, with a median, conical process projecting
posteriorally. Apex of valvae broadly bilobed; cucullus ending in a
small, apical tubercule; lobe of sacculus terminating in a more acute
projection. Vinculum Y-shaped, tapering to form a moderately long
and narrow saccus. Aedeagus relatively slender, of approximately
uniform diameter throughout its length; apex with an obliquely
curved, densely clustered row of stout spines, which increase in
length toward base of aedeagus; inception of ejaculatory duct slightly
above middle.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 84, 102).—Ovipositor relatively short;
posterior apophyses only slightly longer than anterior pair. Lamella
antevaginalis roughly quandrangular, with lateral margins parallel;
anterior margin somewhat obliquely rounded; posterior margin bi-
lobed, lobes moderate in length and of equal size. Upper (posterior)
third of ductus bursae entirely membranous, antrum terminating in
a broad, sigmoid curve; posterior two-thirds with a scattering of
papillae. Corpus bursae relatively narrow and elongate. Origin of

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 49

SCALE
200 400 200 800 1000 MILES

© 200 400 609 800 1000 1200 400 KILOMETERS

LAMBERT AZIMUTHAL EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION

Map 7.—Distribution of Bondia crescentella.

ductus seminalis at upper fourth of ductus bursae near juncture of
antrum.

Typr.—Lectotype, o (present designation); ‘‘syntype; Maine,
USA, 1882, C. H. Fernald; Walsingham Collection, 1910-427;
Carposina crescentella Wlsm., Type 9.”’ In the British Museum (Na-
tural History).

TypE-LOcALITY.—Maine.

Hosr.— Unknown.

DisrrIBuTION (map 7).—This species occurs most commonly from
Nova Scotia in the southern half of the Appalachian Highlands to
Minnesota and Arkansas along the eastern border of the Interior
Plains. Although it is known to range across most of the southern
border of Canada as far west as British Colombia, no records have
been reported from the western half of the United States.

Discussron.—In his description of the species, Walsingham un-
fortunately provided no information as to the type-locality or exact

50 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

number of specimens in his original series. As stated in Walsingham’s
paper, Bondia crescentella was described from at least two specimens,
a male and a female. One female syntype, herein designated as lecto-
type, from the Walsingham collection is now deposited in the British
Museum. A locality label on this specimen gives its origin as ‘Maine,
USA, 1882, C. H. Fernald.’ With the cooperation of Mr. Paul Whalley
I was able to examine the specimen and, thus, to confirm the identity
of the species. Two specimens, a male and female, from the Fernald
collection and now residing in the collections of the U.S. National
Museum probably represent a part of the original series which Fernald
sent to Walsingham; however, because these specimens are both
damaged to some extent (one represented merely by the right pair
of wings) and bear no type labels, they were not considered in my
designation of a lectotype.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—61 males and 60 females.

CANADA: British CoLtumBia: Adams River, 1 &@, May 20 (CNC). Kaslo,
3 o', 1 9, Apr. 23—-July 16 (CNC). Salmon Arm, 1 o, 1 9, Apr. 29 (CNC).
Nova Scotia: Caledonia, 1 o&, May 16 (NSM). Halifax, 1 9, May 22 (NSM);
Boulderwood, 4 o, May 27-June 12 (NSM); Halifax Watershed Area, 1 o%,
June 4 (NSM); William’s Lake, Purcell’s Cove Road, 1 9, May 30 (NSM).
Mount Uniacke, 2 ?, May 29-June 26 (NSM). Onvtarro: Bell’s Corners, 1
a, 1 9, Apr. 30 (CNC). Constance Bay, 1 o, Apr. 29 (CNC). Hymers, 1 92,
June 1-7 (USNM). Merivale, 3 9, 2 o&, Apr. 29-May 2 (CNC). Ottawa, 5
ov, 2 9, Apr. 28-May 15 (CNC); 4 o&, May 13-15 (USNM). Ottawa East,
1 o, Apr. 10 (CNC). Rockcliffe Park, 1 @, 1 9, May 1-19 (CNC). QuEBEc:
Aylmer, 2 9, May 13-18 (CNC). Brome, 1 9, May 8 (CNC). Chelsea, 1 7,
1 9, Apr. 21-30 (CNC). Hull, 1 o, Apr. 22 (CNC). Montreal, 1 9, June 20
(CNC). Old Chelsea, 2 oc’, 2 9, Apr. 30-May 11 (CNC). Pinks Lake, 1 9, May 7
(CNC). SaskaTcHEWAN: Indian Head, 1 9, May 13 (CNC).

UNITED STATES: Arkansas: Washington Co.: Devil’s Den State Park,
1 &, May 21 (USNM). Iturnots: Putnam Co.: Specific locality unknown, 2 @,
1 9, Apr. 23-May 7 (MOG); 1 o, Apr. 29 (USNM). Marne: Specific locality
unknown, 1 °, lectotype (BM); 1 @, 1 2? (USNM). Hancock Co.: Bar Harbor,
3 0’, May 3-11 (CU). Massacnusetrs: Hampshire Co.: Amherst, 1 o, May 1
(USNM). Micuigan: Ingham Co.: East Lansing, 1 0, 1 9, May 5 (USNM).
Minnesota: Ramsey Co.: St. Anthony Park, 1 <7, ‘44’’ (USNM). New HampsHIRE:
Rockingham Co.: 2 o, May 25-30 (AEB). New Yorx: Cattaraugus Co.: Rock
City, 3 9, June 6-7 (CU). Herkimer Co.: Ilion, 1 9, Apr. 27 (USNM). Tompkins
Co.: Danby, 1 9, May 9 (USNM). Ithaca, 1 &, Apr., 1 9, May 25 (CU); Six
Mile Creek, 1 o&', 79, Apr. 23-May 31 (JGF); 1 9, May 13 (NSM); 8 9?, May
11-26 (USNM); McLean Bogs Reserve, 1 o&, May 23 (CU); 1 o&, 1 9, May
(USNM). Onto: Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati, 3 @, 2 9, Apr. 22-29 (AFB).
PENNSYLVANIA: Beaver Co.: New Brighton, 1 o&, 19, May 14-21 (AMNH);
5 o', 6 9, May 6-30 (USNM). Lackawanna Co.: Scranton, 1 &, 2 9, May 14-19
(AMNH). West Virainita: Pendleton Co.: Spruce Knob Lake Campground, 3
oa, 1 9, May 15-16 (USNM).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE ol

Bondia shastana, new species

FiguREs 18, 69, 87, 103, 119; Mar 8

Apvutt (fig. 18)—Wing expanse: o’, 14-21 mm.; 9, 14-20 mm.

Head: Pale to medium fuscous with strong admixture of white;
majority of scales with whitish apices. Antennae either mostly pale
fuscous and indistinctly ringed with white or distinctly marked with
white and fuscous bands of equal widths. Labial palpi pale brownish
to dark fuscous becoming almost white on interior surfaces; apices of
second and third segments with slight admixture of white; male and
female palpi short and of approximately equal length, that of female
slightly more porrect.

Thorax: Pale to dark fuscous, faintly irrorated with white; ventral
surfaces paler, almost white in a few specimens. Pro- and mesothoracic
legs largely fuscous; apices of tibial and tarsal segments ringed with
white; metathoracic legs pale brown to whitish; apices of tarsal seg-
ments indistinctly ringed with white. Forewings medium gray to
fuscous, heavily irrorated with white and faintly mottled with a dozen
or more darker, transverse spots situated primarily at or near wing
margin; transverse band faintly discernible at wing base; approxi-
mately five or six dark costal spots present; five or six raised scale
patches usually evident around margin of discal cell; discal spot at
apex of cell often whitish but rather indistinct in most specimens
examined, including holotype; marginal fringe pale gray to fuscous,
with a scattering of white-tipped scales. Hindwings uniformly pale
gray; veins 3 and 4 usually separate, rarely connate.

Abdomen: Grayish to pale brownish fuscous above and below.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 69).—Uncus indistinct, largely fused to
tegumen. Tegumen reduced to a relatively narrow dorsal arch. Vincu-
lum well developed, median area strongly projected as a stout conical
lobe. Valvae broad at base; outer half deeply divided into two, curved,
digitate processes. Juxta peltate, about as broad as long. Vinculum
and saccus well developed, V-shaped. Aedeagus relatively slender and
of about same diameter throughout length; apical third with a single,
distinctly spaced row of 8-13 stout spines projecting laterally; junc-
ture of ejaculatory duct near middle.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 87, 103).—Ovipositor relatively long;
posterior apophyses approximately 1.5 x length of anterior pair.
LamelJa antevaginalis deeply bilobed; posterior margin rounded;
serrulate, extending caudad for a considerable distance beyond
ostium. Antrum only moderately enlarged; walls slightly thickened.
Ductus bursae mostly membranous, with a faint scattering of papillae
at caudal end that gradually disappears toward elongate and slender
corpus bursae. Inception of ductus seminalis midway along length
of ductus bursae.

o2 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Map 8.—Distribution of Bondia species.
@ Bondia shastana A& Bondia spicata

Hototyrr.—Mt. Shasta, California, 7,000 feet, #, July 16-23,
o genitalia slide DRD 1232, USNM 69654; in the United States
National Museum.

ParatTyPEs.—Ca.rFrorniA: El Dorado Co.: Blodgett Forest, 13 mi.
E. Georgetown, 17 o, 14 9, June 28 to July 20, 1967, coll. J. A.
Powell (UCB); same data, 4 «#1, 2 9 (USNM). Glenn Co.: Plaskett
Meadows, 6,200 feet, 1 9, July 3, 1960, coll. J. A. Powell, 2 genitalia
slide DRD 1810 (USNM). Mendocino Co.: Mouth of Albion River,
1 &, May 30-31, 1871, Walsingham 91860, &@ genitalia slide DRD 1375
(BM). Mono Co.: Crooked Creek Lab, White Mts., 3 airline miles N.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 53

of Inyo, 10,150 feet, 2 #, June 21-23, 1961, coll. J. A. Powell (UCB).
Placer Co. Colfax, 1 o&, May, coll. A. H. Vachell (AMNH). Tuolumne
Co.: Ackerson Meadows, 3 miles 8. of Mather, 4,700 feet, 1 #, June 11,
1960, coll. J. M. Burns (UCB). Orxcon: Josephine Co.: Rogue
River, 3 o&, May 7, 1872, Walsingham 91854, & genitalia slide DRD
1373, 91857, 91859 (BM): same data, 1 o, Walsingham 91855, 0
genitalia slide DRD 1800 (USNM). Described from a total of 31
males and 17 females.

Host.— Unknown.

DisTRIBUTION (map 8).—This species seems to be restricted pri-
marily to the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Sections of the Pacific
Mountains System from east-central California north to southern
Oregon.

Discussion.—This species and the following one, B. spicata, are
undoubtedly closely related and can be said to form a species group as
evidenced particularly by the very similar male genitalia. The two
species can be easily distinguished by the distinctly different forms of
the valvae. The aedeagi of the two species are rather unique in
possessing a single row of erect, spicate cornuti. It is possible that the
higher number or relative position of the cornuti in B. shastana as
compared to the few present in B. spicata is significant; however, it
will be necessary to examine additional material in order to evaluate
the relative variation and importance of this particular character.

The great amount of variation exhibited by B. fidelis may seem to
question or minimize the genitalic differences mentioned above between
B. shastana and B. spicata. In addition to those characters, however,
there appears to be a basic difference in maculation between these
two insects. Although the unique holotype of B. spicata is somewhat
rubbed, its maculation appears nearest to B. fidelis and distinct from
B. shastana. Furthermore, the female of the latter is known, and it is
very possible that the unnamed Bondia discussed on page 65 as
species no. 2 may represent the female of B. spicata.

Bondia spicata, new species

FicureEs 20, 70; Map 8

AvvuLT (fig. 20).—Wing expanse: o’, 16 mm.

Head: Fuscous, heavily irrorated with white; majority of scales
with white apices. Antennae fuscous, faintly ringed with grayish
white. Labial palpi pale fuscous; inner surfaces paler, grayish; most
scales with whitish tips.

Thorax: Fuscous, irrorated with white; majority of scales white
tipped; undersides of thorax almost uniformly grayish white. Pro- and
mesothoracic legs pale fuscous, faintly irrorated with white; apices
of tibial and tarsal segments faintly ringed with white; metathoracic

54 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

legs whitish, becoming more gray on tarsus; apices of tarsal segments
whitish. Forewings fuscous, with faint scattering of whitish tipped
scales; main concentration of white at outer margin of discal cell,
forming a transverse, crescent-shaped spot; fringe fuscous, with
scattering of white-tipped scales. Hindwings uniformly grayish;
veins 3 and 4 separate.

Abdomen: Pale fuscous above, slightly paler below.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 70)—Uncus reduced, indistinct, consisting
of a small conical lobe. Tegumen reduced, forming a narrow dorsal
ring. Vinculum well developed, formed into a somewhat triangular
hood projecting posteriorally between valvae. Valva broad at base;
outer third divided into two irregularly curved lobes of unequal size;
inner lobe approximately twice the width of lateral lobe; apices of
both lobes curved inward slightly. Juxta broader than long, with a
curved, digitate process arising dorsally. Vinculum and saccus V-
shaped. Aedeagus about same diameter throughout length; apical
third with 5 stout, distinctly spaced spines in a single row; juncture
of ejaculatory duct at middle.

Hororyre.—North Rim, Grand Canyon, Arizona, <, June 11,
1938, coll. Louis Schelbach, at lights, USNM 69655; in the United
States National Museum.

Host.— Unknown.

DisTRIBUTION (map 8).—At present, this species is known only
from the type-locality, North Rim, Grand Canyon, Arizona, of the
Colorado Plateau.

Discussion.—This species may be separated most easily from its
nearest relative, Bondia shastana, through the use of genitalic features.
As evidenced by the male genitalia, particularly in the structure of the
aedeagus, these two species are closely allied and probably belong to
the same species group. The lobes of the valvae in B. spicata, however,
are more robust and of a shorter length (see figs. 69-70) than those of
B. shastana. It is further possible that the different number of cornuti
(i.e., 5 for B. spicata and 8-13 for B. shastana) reflects a reliable
character, although this cannot be analyzed due to insufficient material.

At present the species is represented only by the male holotype,
although it is possible that the unnamed Bondia described on page
65 will eventually be associated with this species. The prominent,

spicate cornuti present in the aedeagus of this species has suggested

the specific name, spicata.
Bondia fidelis Meyrick
Fiaures 19, 37, 49-53, 67-68, 85, 104, 121; Map 9

Bondia fidelis Meyrick, 1913, Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 70.—
Barnes and MecDunnough, 1917, Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 55

aH

America, p. 180 (no. 7553).—Meyrick, 1922, Gen. Insect., fase. 179, p. 3.—
McDunnough, 1939, Mem. 8S. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61
(no. 7623).—Clarke, 1963, Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepi-
doptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward
Meyrick, vol. 4, p. 41, pl. 19, figs. 3-36.

Avuut (fig. 19) —Wing expanse: o, 12-20 mm.; 9, 12-17 mm.

Head: Fuscous, irrorated with white; apices of most scales
whitish. Antennae fuscous, faintly ringed with white; scales of scape
with whitish apices. Labial palpi not sexually dimorphic, of approxi-
mately same size in male and female; second segment about 1.25
< length of third; subascending, fuscous, irrorated with white, usually
with more white present on inner surface as compared to lateral
surface; apex of terminal segment tipped with white.

Thorax: Fuscous, irrorated with white; anterior third or fourth
darker, scales mostly fuscous; posterior two-thirds distinctly paler,
scales mostly whitish; undersides of thorax considerably paler,
whitish. Pro- and mesothoracic legs fuscous, irrorated with white;
apices of tibial and tarsal segments faintly ringed with white; meta-
thoracic legs paler, whitish; banding on tarsal segments only slightly
discernible. Forewings of approximately same color as head; trans-
verse band at wing base dark, outer margin sharply defined by paler
scales; a white, often crescent-shaped patch of scales present at apex
of cell; marginal fringe fuscous, with a scattering of white-tipped
scales. Hindwings uniformly gray; veins 3 and 4 normally stalked
approximately one-third their length; occasionally connate.

Abdomen: Grayish white above and below, with a lateral band of
fuscous extending the entire length of the abdomen on either side.

MALE GENITALIA (figs. 67-68).—Uncus reduced to a small, setig-
erous rounded lobe. Tegumen reduced, forming a relatively narrow
dorsal ring. Transtilla well developed, arched, often thickened at
middle to form a rounded lobe projecting ventrally and caudad. Valvae
variously lobed, usually with four distinct projections, three of which
arise apically and one near middle; median apical lobe digitate, greatly
exceeding other lobes in length. Juxta broad, peltate, firmly attached
to base of valvae. Vinculum and saccus well developed, variable in
form, Y- to V-shaped. Aedeagus clavate, apical end enlarged with an
elongate, oblique patch of approximately 15-25 stout cornuti; in-
ception of ejaculatory duct near middle.

FrMALE GENITALIA (figs. 85, 104).—Ovipositor relatively long;
posterior apophyses approximately 1.5 length of anterior pair.
Lamella antevaginalis subtriangular, apex of triangle rounded and
directed caudad; posterior margin mostly entire, slightly sinuate
laterally; lamella postvaginalis consisting of a darkly sclerotized ring
bordering posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis; ring thickened

56 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Map 9.—Distribution of Bondia species.

@ Bondia fidelis B& Bondia fuscata

at sides and produced in middle to form a conical lobe. Ductus bursae
completely membranous, narrow, gradually enlarging to form rela-
tively slender, elongate corpus bursae. Origin of ductus seminalis
approximately midway along length of ductus bursae.

Typr.—Holotype, o; in the British Museum (Natural History).

Typn-Locauiry.—Colorado, 5,000 feet.

Host.— Unknown.

DisrriButTion (map 9).—This species is known to occur from the
eastern Basin and Range Province of southern Arizona north through
the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado to the Black Hills of
western South Dakota.

Discusston.—Previously this insect was thought to be rare, and
for many years the only extant specimen known was the holotype
deposited in the British Museum. Recent collecting, however, has

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 57

shown Bondia fidelis to be a relatively common, widespread species
in the western United States.

More variation has been noted in the genitalic structure of this
species than in any other New World carposinid. The genitalic
structure of the female is rather uniform; however, considerable
variation can be observed in the relative development of the vin-
culum-saccus in the male. Rather than attempt a detailed description
of this variability, both extremes have been illustrated in figures
67 and 68. The observed variation was first suspected as being a
possible indication of geographical subspeciation, especially since
the Black Hills’ population probably now exists completely isolated
from the main southern extension of the species; however, subspecific
names do not seem justified on the basis of these differences because
both extreme types can be observed in either the Arizona or Black
Hills material.

Of the species of Bondia now known, this species appears most
related to B. fuscata. These two insects share in common two features
that apparently are atypical for the genus, as exemplified by B.
nigella. In contrast to the type-species of the genus and several other
members, the labial palpi of B. fidelis and B. fuscata show no signs
of sexual dimorphism, and veins 3 and 4 are stalked in the hindwings
instead of being separate. An unnamed Bondia (species no. 2) discussed
on page 65 may also share these eccentricities. The female genitalia
of the latter species further resemble B. fidelis closely in the structure
of the lamella postvaginalis. In each species the lateral elements
of this structure are thickened, and there exists a lobelike median
portion. In general, the lamella postvaginalis is more developed in
all three of the species mentioned above than it is in most other
species of Bondia, particularly B. nigella.

The letters and numbers T3N,R2E,830 mentioned in the following
section on distribution refer to a United States Geological Survey
topographic map of the Four Corners Quadrangle, South Dakota.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—87 males and 21 females.

UNITED STATES: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mts. Bar Foot
Ridge, 1 o’, Aug. 5 (USNM); Rustler Park, 1 o&, July 26 (CAS). Coconino Co.:
Fort Valley, 7,350 feet, 7.5 mi. N.W. Flagstaff, 48 o’, 8 9, June 19-28, 11 0%’,
July 16-28 (USNM); 3 o’, June 23-July 1 (JGF). Hart Prairie, 8,500 feet, 10 mi.
NNW. Flagstaff, 3 9 , June 23-25, 3 o”, Aug. 2-11 (USNM); 30", July 2 (JGF).
Hochderffer Hill, 8,500 feet, 12.5 mi. NNW. Flagstaff, 3 o’, Aug. 12 (USNM).
Cotorapo: Custer Co.: Specific locality unknown, 1 co’ (USNM). El Paso Co.:
Rock Creek Canyon, 1 o’, July 14 (CPK) ; Rock Creek Canyon, Colorado Springs,
1 co’, July 20 (CPK), 1 o’, July 16 (USNM). Larimer Co.: Vicinity of Estes
Park, 1 o’, Aug. 4-5 (AMNH). Sourn Daxora: Lawrence Co.: Hardy Work
Camp, T3N,R2E,S830, 12 o’, 10 9, July 4,1 9 (USNM).

58 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Bondia fuscata, new species

FIGURES 21, 66, 86, 105, 122; Mar 9

AvuLT (fig. 21) —Wing expanse: o’, 11-16 mm.; 9, 14-19 mm.

Head: Fuscous, irrorated with white; majority of scales white
tipped. Antennae fuscous, indistinctly ringed with pale gray; scales
of scape white tipped. Labial palpi not sexually dimorphic, of ap-
proximately same size in male and female; second segment about
1.25 X length of third; subascending, almost entirely fuscous, except
for interior surfaces which are strongly irrorated with white; apex of
terminal segment typically with a few white to grayish white-tipped
scales.

Thorax: Fuscous to black, faintly irrorated with white to pale
gray; ventral surfaces considerably paler, whitish. Pro- and meso-
thoracic legs fuscous with slight irroration of white; metathoracic
leg paler in color; tibial hairs whitish; tarsal segments faintly ringed
with pale gray. Forewings similar to dorsum of thorax in color, dark
fuscous slightly irrorated with pale gray; pattern rather uniform over
entire wing except for presence of faint, crescent-shaped patch of
whitish scales occasionally present at apex of discal cell; fringe with
mixture of fuscous and grayish white scales tipped with white. Hind-
wings uniformly gray; veins 3 and 4 stalked approximately one-third
their length.

Abdomen: Uniformly pale gray above, more whitish below.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 66).—Uncus reduced, consisting of a small
conical lobe possessing either an entire or minutely clefted apex.
Tegumen reduced to a relatively narrow dorsal arch. Transtilla rel-
atively well developed, posterior margin evenly curved. Valvae broad
at base, abruptly narrowing to form an acute, curved, apical lobe.
Juxta broad, somewhat diamond-shaped. Vinculum and saccus well
developed, V-shaped. Aedeagus claviform; apex with a dense, linear
patch of 15-20 stout cornuti; juncture of ejaculatory duct near middle.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 86, 105).—Ovipositor relatively long;
posterior apophyses twice the length of anterior pair. Posterior margin
of lamella antevaginalis slightly curved, almost truncate. Lamella
postvaginalis with a prominent ridge extending medially and partially
encircling a low, broadly conical lobe which arises medially just caudad
of posterior margin of lamella antevaginalis. Ductus bursae entirely
membranous, narrow beyond constriction of sinus vaginalis, gradually
enlarging to form relatively narrow and elongate corpus bursae.
Origin of ductus seminalis near caudal end of ductus bursae.

Houotypre.—Vail Lake Road, 6,500 feet, 9.5 mi. S.E. Flagstaff,
Coconino Co., Arizona, o’, July 11, 1961, coll. R. W. Hodges, ¢&
genitalia slide DRD 1614, USNM 69659; in the United States Na-
tional Museum.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 59

PaRATYPES.—ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Cave Creek Canyon, Chiri-
cahua Mts., 5,400 feet, 6 co”, 3 9, Aug. 4-23, 1966, coll. J. G. Francle-
mont (JGF). Silver Creek Wash, 7 mi. W. Portal, Chiricahua Mts.,
4,880 feet, 1 o, 1 9, Aug. 4-11, 1966, coll. J. G. Franclemont (JGF).
Southwestern Research Station, Chiricahua Mts., 5,400 feet, 1 7,
Sept. 6, 1959, coll. J. R. Powers (UCB); 2 &%, Sept. 4, 1959, coll. D.
Linsdale (USNM); 1 o&, July 31-Aug. 2, 1964, coll. D. R. Davis
(USNM). Gila Co.: 4 mi. ESE. of Pine, 5,400 feet, 3 o, 1 2, Sept.
1-5, 1961, coll. R. W. Hodges (USNM). Described from a total of
15 males and 5 females.

Host.— Unknown.

DistRIBUTION (map 9).—This species is known only from the
montane sections of central and southeastern Arizona at elevations
exceeding 4,500 feet. Collections to date strongly suggest that its
range in Arizona does not extend north of the Mogollon Rim.

Discussion.—The relatively uniform, dark fuscous scaling of
Bondia fuscata easily separates it from all other known forms of
Bondia. In addition, this species along with B. fidelis exhibits certain
features that appear atypical for the genus, thus making it more
difficult to properly define the taxon. In both of these species, as
well as in an unnamed species discussed on page 65, the-labial palpi
are not sexually dimorphic and veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings are
stalked for a considerable distance. In addition to-their very different
maculation, B. fuscata may be further distinguished from B. fidelis
by the dissimilar form of their valvae and lamellae postvaginales.

Tesuquea Klots

Tesuquea Klots, 1936, American Mus. Novitates, no. 867, p. 4—McDunnough,
1939, Mem. S. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61.—Diakonoff, 1954,
Verhandel. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuur., vol. 49, no. 4,
p: 108:

TypsE-spEcIES.— Tesuquea hawleyana Klots, 1936, original designa-
tion and monobasic.

Aputt.—Relatively small, slender bodied moths; wing expanse
11—16 mm.

Head (figs. 54-58): Antennae sexually dimorphic, scales restricted
mostly to dorsal and lateral surfaces in both sexes; female with minute
cilia visible only on ventral surface of apical third of shaft; ventral
surface strongly ciliate in male, length of cilia approximately 1-2
diameter of shaft. Labial palpi sexually dimorphic; relatively short
and ascending in male, with second segment smooth above and
somewhat roughened beneath; porrect and more elongate in female,
with second segment relatively smooth beneath, strongly roughened
toward apex above; and approximately 1.5 * that of male in length;
apical segment short, obtuse.

313-145 O—68

5

60 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Thorax: Wings (fig. 38) relatively slender; termen strongly oblique.
Primaries with all veins separate; vein 10 arising from cell considerably
closer to 9 than to 11; 11 originating somewhat basad at about middle
of cell; 2 almost straight to margin, arising from outer three-fourths
of cell, well separated from 3. Secondaries with discal cell extending
half way to termen; veins 5 and 6 absent, the latter represented by a
short vestige at termination of cell; 3 and 4 stalked about one-fourth
their length; cubital pecten present. Marginal fringe of both wings
relatively long.

Mae GENITALIA.—Uncus well developed, simple. Gnathos fused,
V-shaped. Tegumen simple. Vinculum weak, reduced to a narrow
ring ventrally; saccus undeveloped. Transtilla absent. Valvae relatively
slender, except for basal expansion of sacculus. Aedeagus reduced in
length, somewhat membranous; ejaculatory duct entering below
middle near base. Spermatophore very slender, elongate; aperture
at enlarged apical end.

FEMALE GENITALIA.—Ovipositor relatively short, broad; posterior
apophysis somewhat shortened, less than 1.5 X length of anterior pair.
Sinus vaginalis strongly dilated; ductus bursae slender, elongate;
corpus bursae slightly enlarged; signa absent.

Tesuquea hawleyana Klots
FIGURES 22, 38, 54-58, 71, 90, 108, 116; Map 10

Tesuquea hawleyana Klots, 1936, American Mus. Novitates, no. 867, p. 4, figs.
6-8.—McDunnough, 1939, Mem. 8. California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 61
(no. 7629).—Klots, 1942, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 79, art. 6,
p. 416.

ADULT (fig. 22).—Wing expanse: o”, 11-14 mm.; 2, 16 mm.

Head: Front grayish fuscous; vertex paler, grayish white. An-
tennae pale gray above and beneath except for fuscous band encircling
basal third of each segment; dorsum of scape fuscous. Palpi fuscous,
mottled with grayish white.

Thorax: Largely fuscous above with slight suffusion of gray;
ventral surfaces primarily pale gray. Legs primarily fuscous above and
pale gray beneath except for whitish tips of tibial and tarsal segments.
Primaries largely pale gray irrorated with fuscous, usually with five
distinct fuscous markings of various sizes distributed as follows:
a large, transversely oblique band across wing base; a large trapezoidal
patch about midway along costa; a short, sometimes interrupted,
transverse band at end of discal cell; a similar, strongly tufted band
or spot partly across lower third of wing; and a small discal spot
midway between two short, transverse bands; outer fourth of wing
sometimes with suffusion of dark scales. Secondaries gray; fringes of
both wings gray.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 61

Map 10.—Distribution of Tesuquea hawleyana.

Abdomen: Dorsal and ventral surfaces gray.

MALE GENITALIA (fig. 71).—Uncus elongate and stout, tapering to
an acute apex. Tegumen relatively broad at apex, narrowing ventrally
toward junction of vinculum. Lateral arms of gnathos slender, becom-
ing broader at median juncture. Valvae with expanded sacculus
bearing a single, large, curved spine; cucullus elongate, slender, with
apex rounded. Apex of aedeagus entire, slightly broader than basal
half, with two, V-shaped bands of minute spines diverging from
middle toward apex. Spermatophore (fig. 116) consisting of two dis-
tinct regions: an elongate, somewhat coiled posterior part with
heavily thickened walls, and an enlarged, membranous anterior region
from which the sperm escape.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 90, 108).—Lamella antevaginalis broadly
rectangular; posterior margin simple, truncate. Antrum and corpus
bursae entirely membranous. Ductus bursae elongate, slender, lower
half covered with numerous, minute papillae; upper half membra-
nous. Juncture of ductus seminalis midway along ductus bursae.

Tyrre.—Holotype, 7; in the American Museum of Natural History.

TypE-LocaLiry.—Hyde State Park, Little Tesuque Canyon, Sangre
de Cristo Range, near Sante Fe, New Mexico. Altitude approximately
9,200 feet.

Host.— Unknown.

DisrrRiBuTION (map 10).—Presently known only from montane
Arizona and New Mexico at elevations above 6,000 feet.

Discussion.—The pronounced separation of veins 2 and 3 in the
forewing provides a reliable, diagnostic character for this genus and

62 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

species. In all other known members of this family, both of these veins
are strongly curved at their bases and originate closely approximate
one another from the lower angle of the discal cell.

Klots (1936), in his description of this species, comments that the
original series of two specimens was taken at light in a meadow
surrounded by typical, Canadian Zone, coniferous and quaking aspen
forest.

MaTERIAL EXAMINED.— Six males and two females.

UNITED STATES: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Turkey Flat, Chiricahua Mts.,
8,000 feet, 1 9, July 22 (CAS); Bar Foote Ridge, Chiricahua Mts., 8,500-9,700
feet, 1 o’, Aug. 5 (UCB). Coconino Co.: Vail Lake Road, 9.5 miles SE. Flagstaff,
6,500 feet, 1 co’, July 18 (USNM). Walnut Canyon, 6% miles EESE. Flagstaff,
6,500 feet, 1 o&, 1 9, Aug. 25 (JGF). New Mexico: Santa Fe Co.: Hyde State
Park, Little Tesuque Canyon, Sangre de Cristo Mts., 9,200 feet, 1 o”, paratype,
July 27—-Aug. 10 (ABK). San Miguel Co.: Sangre de Cristo Mts., near Cowles,
1’, July 23 (AFB); 10, July 23 (USNM).

Unnamed Species

Four species, represented for the most part by inadequate material,
have not been named at this time but are discussed on the following
pages largely for the purpose of attracting the attention of future
workers and collectors to these oddities. The majority probably
represent undescribed species which, however, should not be formally
christened until sufficient material becomes available for study.

Carposina species, no. 1

FicuREs 23, 82, 100, 113; Map 5

ADULT (fig. 23).—Wing expanse: 9, 17 mm.

Head: Pale tawny, almost white. Antennae whitish at base be-
coming pale fuscous toward apex. Labial palpi with second segment
brownish fuscous along ventral half, becoming tawny and then whitish
dorsally; apical half of third segment whitish.

Thorax: Collar and tegulae whitish; dorsum tawny, becoming
darker posteriorally; venter whitish to tawny. Pro- and mesothoracic
legs brownish fuscous, irrorated with white; apices of tarsal segments
faintly ringed with white; metathoracic legs mostly whitish, becoming
slightly darker on tibial and tarsal segments. Forewings light brown,
obscurely marked with darker shades of brownish fuscous; costal
margin mostly dark, interrupted beyond middle by six or seven
narrow, whitish spots; most of termen (below R;) and discal area
brownish fuscous; raiséd scale patch at apex of cell fuscous. Hindwings
uniformly gray. Venation of both wings as in subgenus Carposina.

Abdomen: Pale brown above and below.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 63

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 82, 100).—Lamella antevaginalis rela-
tively narrow at ostium, becoming broader anteriorally; posterior
margin simple, slightly curved inwards. Posterior third of ductus
bursae with papillae reduced, walls membranous except at sides near
juncture with lamella antevaginalis; anterior two-thirds of ductus
partly papillose, with papillae arranged in two broad bands extending
to corpus. Corpus bursae expanded and ovoid, with a pair of slender
furcate signa.

Host.— Unknown.

DIsTRIBUTION (map 5).—Presently reported only from Costa Rica.

Discussion.—This unnamed species agrees in venation with OC.
phycitana as described by Walsingham and may actually represent the
female of that species; however, largely due to the poor condition of
C. phycitana, a more precise comparison cannot be made, and any
further discussion will have to await the collecting of additional
material.

MaTERIAL EXAMINED.—One female: Costa rica: Orosi, 1500
m. [?], 19, (VNM).

Carposina species, no. 2

FIGcurEs 24, 32; Map 5

ADULT (fig. 24).—Wing expanse: 2, 19 mm.

Head: Whitish with a pale suffusion of tawny along front (an-
tennae and labial palpi damaged).

Thorax: Collar and tegulae whitish; dorsum stramineous; venter
whitish. Legs whitish to tawny; tarsal segments indistinctly tipped
with white. Forewings stramineous, faintly marked with a few scattered
patches of brownish scales present mainly along costal margin,
termen, and at apex of discal cell. Veins 10 and 11 connate (fig. 32);
8 and 9 stalked one-third their length; all other veins arising separate
from cell. Hindwings pale gray; veins 3 and 4 slightly separate.

Abdomen: Missing.

Host.— Unknown.

DisTRIBUTION (map 5).—Known only from Volcan Sta. Maria,
Guatemala, which is situated in the Central American Volcanic
Upland.

Discussion.—This species, represented by only one imperfect
specimen, is mentioned largely because of its superficial resemblance
to C. phycitana and its rather peculiar venation, which immediately
distinguishes it from Walsingham’s insect. The forking of veins 8
and 9 in the primaries is similar to the condition present in the sub-
genus Epipremna, whereas the origins of 10 and 11 are most similar
to that found in the subgenus Trepsitypa. Because the origin of
these particular veins is believed to be relatively constant in this group

64 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

of moths, the insect described above is probably new. Because of its
damaged condition, however, the species should not be named until
better specimens are available for study.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 female: GuatTEMALA: Volcan Sta. Maria,
1 9, Schaus and Barnes coll. (USNM).

Bondia species, no. 1

Ficures 25, 88, 106; Map 11

Avutt (fig. 25).—Wing expanse: 92, 15-17 mm.

Head: Fuscous, majority of scales with pale grayish aspices.
Antennae fuscous, banded with gray. Labial palpi of female relatively
short; second segment approximately 1.25 length of third; sub-
ascending, fuscous; majority of scales with extreme apices slightly
paler, gray; inner surfaces of palpi mostly gray.

Thorax: Fuscous, tips of most scales grayish; venter of thorax
grayish to pale fuscous. Legs grayish, irrorated with fuscous; meta-
thoracic legs palest in color; apices of tibial and tarsal segments faintly
ringed with grayish white. Forewings fuscous, faintly irrorated with
pale gray to white; transverse band at wing base obscure but present;
outer margin of discal cell marked by a whitish, crescent-shaped patch
of scales; fringe fuscous, with a scattering of white-tipped scales.
Hindwings uniformly grayish to pale fuscous; veins 3 and 4 separate.

Abdomen: Grayish to fuscous; slightly paler underneath than
above.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 88, 106).—Ovipositor moderately long;
posterior apophyses approximately 1.5 % the length of anterior pair.
Lamella antevaginalis prominent, well sclerotized, somewhat funnel-
shaped; posterior margin irregularly rounded. Lamella postvaginalis
roughly quadrate; posterior margin moderately to relatively
deeply incised at middle, sometimes nearly truncate. Walls of antrum
thickened, finely reticulate, becoming more papillose toward con-
stricted part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae largely membranous
with scattered papillae, gradually enlarging to form a relatively
small and membranous corpus bursae. Origin of ductus seminalis
from membranous section of ductus bursae anterior of termination
of antrum.

Host.—Pinaceae: “From Jeffrey Pine [Pinus ponderosa var.
jeffrey: Vasey] (from specimen label).

DisTRIBUTION (map 11).—Presently known only from the Sierra
Nevada Section of east-central California.

Discusston.—Most probably this species is new but because no
male specimens have as yet been discovered no name has been pro-
posed. The labial palpi of this species is very similar to the females
of B. fidelis and B. fuscata in being relatively short and subascending;

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 65

Map 11.—Distribution of Bondia species.

@ Bondia species, no. 1 A Bondia species, no. 2

however, this species differs from that group in having veins 3 and 4
separate in the hindwings.

The host association was obtained from information on specimen
labels. Unfortunately, no information is presently available as to
what area of the plant is attacked.

MaTERIAL EXAMINED.—Four females.

UNITED STATES: CALIFORNIA: Alpine Co.: Carson River, 8 mi. 8S. Marklee-
ville, 1 9, June 22, 1962, coll. J. A. Powell (UCB). Fresno Co.: Pinehurst, 2 9 ,
coll. Dec. 7, 1965, em. Feb. 23-24, 1966, coll. H. B. Teillon, ex. Jeffrey Pine
(CDA, USNM). Mono Co.: 4 mi. E. Monitor Pass, 1 9, June 24, 1962, coll.
J. A. Powell (UCB).

Bondia species, no. 2

Figures 26, 89, 107, 120; Map 11

Aputrt (fig. 26).—Wing expanse: 9, 16 mm.

Head: Fuscous, heavily irrorated with white; majority of scales
with white apices. Antennae grayish to pale fuscous, ringed with
grayish white. Labial palpi of female relatively short; second seg-
ment approximately 1.25 length of third; subascending, fuscous;
majority of scales with whitish apical margins; scales of inner surfaces
with more white.

66 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Thorax: Fuscous, irrorated with white; majority of scales whitish
tipped; most of ventral surface grayish white, with a slight scattering
of darker gray scales. Pro- and mesothoracic legs pale fuscous, ir-
rorated with white; apices of tibial and tarsal segments faintly rmged
with white; metathoracic leg slightly paler. Forewings tuscous, with
irregular scattering of whitish or whitish tipped scales concentrated
somewhat along basal third of costa and at outer margin of discal
cell, forming a conspicuous, white, crescent-shaped mark; transverse
fuscous band at wing base distinct; fringe fuscous with irregular
scattering of white-tipped scales. Hindwings pale gray to whitish,
slightly darker at apex and anal area of wing; veins 3 and 4 stalked
over one-third their length.

Abdomen: Pale fuscous above, slightly paler beneath.

FEMALE GENITALIA (figs. 89, 107).—Ovipositor relatively long;
posterior apophyses slightly less than twice the length of anterior
pair. Lamella antevaginalis broad, lateral margins strongly curved
outwards; posterior margin entire and strongly curved posteriorly;
ostium bounded laterally by a pair of darkly sclerotized, elongate
sclerites. Lamella postvaginalis with a darkly sclerotized, somewhat
rounded, median lobe. Antrum enlarged, globose; walls thickened
but smooth, not reticulate or papillose; abruptly narrowing to form
slender, largely membranous ductus brusae; walls of latter with a
relative sparse scattering of papillae. Corpus bursae elongate, slender.
Inception of ductus seminalis at caudal end of ductus bursae near
termination of antrum.

Hosr.— Unknown.

DistTRIBUTION (map 11).—Presently known only from the southern
Rocky Mountains and Basin and Range Province from central
Colorado south to southern New Mexico and Arizona.

Discusston.—This species resembles Bondia spicata very closely
in maculation as well as size and may represent the opposite sex of
that species, which is known only from the unique male. There
exists, however, one discordant feature which may prove of great
significance in separating these two entities. In B. spicata, veins 3
and 4 of the hindwing are separate, whereas in the unnamed species
described above these two veins are stalked for a considerable dis-
tance. Such a degree of intraspecific variation in venation has not
been observed in this family; instead, venational characters have
been found rather constant in those species studied which were repre-
sented by adequate samples. Both palpal and venational characters
suggest that this unnamed species is closely allied to B. fidelis, and
it possibly may be referred to that species group as soon as the male
is discovered. Thus, I have not arbitrarily associated these two sexes
under a single name but deem it preferable to await additional infor-

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 67

mation which hopefully will be supplied through further collecting
and rearing.
MaTERIAL EXAMINED.—Five females.

UNITED STATES: Arizona: “So. Arizona,” specific locality unknown,
1 2, coll. Poling (AMNH). Cochise Co.: Chiricahua mts., Bar Foot Ridge, 1 @ ,
Aug. 5 (CAS). Cotorapo: El Paso Co.: Rock Creek, vicinity of Colorado Springs,
1 9, Aug. 25, 1935, coll. A. B. Klots (USNM). New mexico: Lincoln Co.: Cedar
Creek Camp, 2 mi. N. Ruidoso, 7,000 ft., 1 9, July 1, 1961 (AMNH). Santa
Fe Co.: Little Tesuque Canyon, vicinity of Santa Fe, 9,200 feet, 1 ?, July 27-
Aug. 10, 1932 (USNM).

References

ANONYMOUS
1958. Insects not known to occur in the United States: Peach fruit moth
(Carposina niponensis Wlsh.). Coop. Econ. Insect Rept., U.S.
Agric. Res. Serv., Plant Pest Control Div., vol. 8, no. 34, pp
751-752.
Barnes, W., and McDunnoveu, J.
1917. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, 392 pp., Carpo-
sinidae, p. 180.
Busck, A.
1907. A review of the Tortricid subfamily Phaloniinae with descriptions of
new American species. Journ. New York Ent. Soce., vol. 15, no. 1,
pp. 19-36.
1931. On the female genitalia of the Microlepidoptera and their importance
in the classification and determination of these moths. Bull.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 199-216.
CuaRKE, J. F. Garters
1963. Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British
Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick, vol. 4,
521 pp.
Diaxonorr, A.
1954. Microlepidoptera of New Guinea, pt. 3. Verhandel. Konink. Nederl.
Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuur., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1-164.
1961. Taxonomy of the higher groups of the Tortricoidea. Eleventh
Intern. Kong. fiir Ent. Wien 1960, vol. 1, pp. 124-126.
Dyar, H. G.
1902 [1903]. A list of North American Lepidoptera. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.
52, 723 pp.
Esaxi, T.; Issrx1, 8.; Inoue, H.; Maruura, A.; Ocata, M.; and Oxagcakt, H.
1957. Icones Heterocerorum Japonicorum, 318 pp., 1555 col. figs.
KEssia, E. O.
1958. Insects and mites of western North America, 1050 pp., 766 figs.
FERNALD, C. H.
1893. New North American Microlepidoptera. Canadian Ent., vol. 25,
no. 4, pp. 94-96.
1908. The genera of the Tortricidae and their types, 67 pp. [published by
author].

68 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

FLETCHER, T. B.

1929. A list of the generic names used for Microlepidoptera. Mem. Dept.

Agric. India, Ent. series, vol. 11, lx+ 246 pp.
ForsBEs, W. T. M.

1923. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Cornell
Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 68, 729 pp.

1928. Lepidoptera. Jn M. Leonard, A list of the insects of New York.
Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 101, pp. 532-687.

HEALp, F. D.
1933. Manual of plant diseases. 953 pp., 259 figs.
HERRICH-SCHAFFER, G. A. W.

1843-1856. Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa,
zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu Jacob Hubner’s
Sammlung europdischer Schmetterlinge, 6 vols.

HvuKUSIMA, 8.

1953. Ecological studies on the peach fruit moth, Carposina niponensis
Walsingham, 1: on the duirnal rhythm of adult. Oyo-Dobutsu-
gaku-Zasshi [Jap. Soc. Appl. Zool.], vol. 18, nos. 1-2, pp. 55-60.

1957. On the oviposition preference of the peach fruit moth. Ecological
studies on the peach fruit moth, Carposina niponensis Walsingham,
IV. Botyukagaku, Bull. Inst. Insect Control, vol. 22, no. 1
pp. 1-10.

HuxusiMa, S., and TaKkEDA, S.

1966. Chemical and microscopical properties of cocoon in Carposina ni-
ponensis Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), with special
reference to permeability of cocoon to hydrochloric acid and
absorption of moisture. (Ecological studies in the peach fruit moth,
Carposina niponensis Walsingham. IX). Kontyu, vol. 34, no. 2,
pp. 175-184.

KearrotTt, W. D.

1903. Tortricidae. Jn J. B. Smith, Check list of the Lepidoptera of

Boreal America, pp. 100-107.
Kearrott, W. D.

1907a. New North American Tortricidae. Trans. American Ent. Soc.,
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1907b. New Microlepidoptera. Canadian Ent., vol. 39, no. 4 (Apr.), pp.
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Keirer, H. H.

1943. Systematic entomology. Jn W. J. Cecil et al, Bull. Dept. Agric.

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Kuiors, A. B.

1936. New North American Microlepidoptera. American Mus. Novitates,
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1942. Type material of North American Microlepidoptera other than
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LyuBarskaya, V. N.

1964. Leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), injuring cones, fruit and
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Primorye and Priamurye [in Russian], Akad. Nauk. SSSR Sibirskoe
Otdel.

,

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 69

MAKINO, S.

1951. An atlas of the chromosome numbers in animals, second edition,

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1936. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of
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Meyrick, E.

1882. Carposina, H.-S., referable to the Tortricina. Ent. Monthly Mag.,
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1856. Characters of a few Australian Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Thomas
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1926. The maxillae in the Lepidoptera. Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 57,

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1959. Remarks on the family Carposinidae (Lepidoptera). Bull. ent.

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1889. The Japanese peach fruit-worm. Insect Life, vol. 2, no. 3, pp.
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1958. Die Larvalsystematik der Wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae).
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70 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

TILLYARD, R. J.
1926. The insects of Australia and New Zealand, xi+ 560 pp., illus.

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no. 3, pp. 214-217, 2 pls.

Figures 1-122

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE vo

Ficure 1.—Limb of western choke cherry, Prunus demissa from Yosemite, California, in-
fected with black knot disease; gall in turn was infested with larvae of Bondia comonana
(Kearfott). Total length of gall 5.75 inches.

Ficure 2.—Gall of black knot disease (see arrow) on trunk of Prunus species from California.
(Photograph courtesy of George Okumura.)

74

10.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Ficures 3—10.—Adults

Carposina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana, female, Putnam Co., Illinois, wing expanse
14 mm.

Carposina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana (lectotype, C. nicholsana), male, Nicholson,
Pennsylvania, wing expanse 14 mm.

Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana, female, Six Mile Creek, Ithaca, New York, wing
expanse 18 mm.

Carposina (Carposina) simulator, holotype, female, Devil’s Den State Park, Washington
Co., Arkansas, wing expanse 15 mm.

Carposina (Carposina) biloba, holotype, female, Pensacola, Florida, wing expanse
17 mm.

Carposina (Carposina) engalactis, lectotype, female, Neu-Bremen, Santa Catarina,
Brazil, wing expanse 18 mm.

Carposina (Carposina) phycitana, holotype, male, Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, wing
expanse 17 mm. (Photograph courtesy of British Museum (Natural History)).
Carposina (Trepsitypa) cardinata, lectotype, female, Bartica, Guyana, wing expanse
14 mm. (Photograph courtesy of British Museum (Natural History)).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 75

76

le
We
13.
14.
Se
16.

Mie
18.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Ficures 11—-18.—Adults

Carposina (Epipremna) dominicae, paratype, female, 2 miles NW. of Pont Cassé,
Dominica, wing expanse 15 mm.

Carposina (Epipremna) dominicae, holotype, male, 2 miles NW. of Pont Cassé, Do-
minica, wing expanse 15 mm.

Carposina (Dipremna) cretata, holotype, male, El Yunque Biological Station, Luquillo
Forest, Puerto Rico, wing expanse 15 mm.

Carposina (Hypopremna) bullata, female, 2 miles NW. Pont Cassé, Dominica, wing
expanse 13 mm.

Atoposea maxima, male, San Antonio, Colombia, wing expanse 34 mm.

Bondia comonana, female, Livingston, California, wing expanse 15 mm.

Bondia crescentella, female, Six Mile Creek, Ithaca, New York, wing expanse 16 mm.
Bondia shastana, holotype, male, Mt. Shasta, California, wing expanse 14 mm.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE ah

78

19%
20.
one
22.
23:
24.

25;
26.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289:

Ficures 19-26.—Adults

Bondia fidelis, female, Hardy Work Camp, Lawrence Co., South Dakota, wing expanse
16 mm.

Bondia spicata, holotype, male, North Rim Grand Canyon, Arizona, wing expanse
16 mm.

Bondia fuscata, paratype, male, Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, wing
expanse 15 mm.

Tesuquea hawleyana, male, Walnut Canyon, 644 miles EESE. Flagstaff, Arizona, wing
expanse 13 mm.

Carposina species, no. 1, female, Orosi, Costa Rica, wing expanse 17 mm.

Carposina species, no. 2, female, Volean Sta. Maria, Guatemala, wing expanse 19 mm.
Bondia species, no. 1, female, Pinehurst, California, wing expanse 16 mm.

Bondia species, no. 2, female, Rock Creek, vic. Colorado Springs, Colorado, wing
expanse 16 mm.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE

SO U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Ficures 27-32.—Wing venation: 27, Carposina (Carposina) berberidella; 28, Carposina
(Carposina) fernaldana; 29, Carposina (Trepsitypa) cardinata; 30, Carposina (Dipremna)
cretata; 31, Carposina (Epipremna) dominicae; 32, Carposina species, no. 2.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 81

= S SS

38

Ficures 33-38.—Wing venation: 33, Carposina (Hypopremna) bullata; 34, Atoposea max-
ima; 35, Bondia nigella; 36, Bondia comonana; 37, Bondia fidelis; 38, Tesuquea hawleyana.

82 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Ficures 39-43.—Male and female heads of Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana; 39, lateral
view of male; 40, frontal view of male; 41, maxilla of female; 42, lateral view of female;

43, frontal view of female. (Scale=0.1 mm. (fig. 41), 0.5 mm. (figs. 39-40, 42-43)).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 83

Ficures 44-48.—Male and female heads of Bondia comonana: 44, lateral view of male;
45, frontal view of male; 46, maxilla of female; 47, lateral view of female; 48, frontal

view of female. (Scale=0.1 mm. (fig. 46), 0.5 mm. (figs. 44-45, 47—-48)).

84 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

izzint

S

Ficures 49-53.—Male and female heads of Bondia fidelis: 49, lateral view of male; 50,
frontal view of male; 51, maxilla of female; 52, lateral view of female; 53, frontal view of

female. (Scale=0.1 mm. (fig. 51), 0.5 mm. (figs. 49-50, 52-53)).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 85

Ficures 54-58.—Male and female heads of Tesuquea hawleyana: 54, lateral view of male;
55, frontal view of male; 56, maxilla of female; 57, lateral view of female; 58, frontal

view of female. (Scale=0.1 mm. (fig. 56), 0.5 mm. (figs. 54-55, 57-58)).

86 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

WN

AA
AN S
IRD NY SS
Ne
Mp .

ANY
} i
Wi

Ficures 59-60.—Male genitalia: 59, Carposina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana, ventral
view, g=gnathos; 59a, right valva; 59b, aedeagus; 60, Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana,
ventral view, j=juxta; 60a, aedeagus; 60b, right lobe of juxta, lateral view; 60c, right
valva. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

|
|

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 87

} Fara lall

Ficures 61-62.—-Male genitalia: 61, Carposina (Dipremna) cretata, ventral view; 6la, right
valva; 61b, aedeagus; 62, Carposina (Epipremna) dominicae, ventral view; 62a, aedeagus;

62b, right valva. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

SS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Mi

I WN
AANA RL ALC le
PH} DAD

’ }
y b IZZIN

Ficurrs 63-64.—Male genitalia: 63, Atoposea maxima, ventral view; 63a, lateral view of
gnathos; 63b, aedeagus; 63c, right valva; 64, Bondia comonana, ventral view; 64a, right
valva; 64b, aedeagus. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 89

Ayes
zz

Ficures 65-66.—Male genitalia: 65, Bondia crescentella, ventral view; 65a, right valva;
65b, aedeagus; 66, Bondia fuscata, paratype, ventral view; 66a, aedeagus; 66b, right
valva. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

90 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Aves
IZZint

Figures 67-68.—Male genitalia, Bondia fidelis: 67, ventral view, Custer Co., Colorado;
67a, right valva; 67b, aedeagus; 68, ventral view, Hardy Work Camp. Lawrence Co.,
South Dakota; 68a, aedeagus; 68b, right valva. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 9]

yer

Ficures 69-70.—Male genitalia: 69, Bondia shastana, holotype, ventral view; 69a, right
valva; 69b, aedeagus; 70, Bondia spicata, holotype, ventral view; 70a, aedeagus; 70b,
right valva. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

92 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Anas
IZZint

Ficures 71-73.—Male genitalia and legs: 71, Tesuquea hawleyana, ventral view of male
genitalia; 7la, right valva; 71b, aedeagus; 72, legs of Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana;
73, tibia of Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana, lateral view. (Scale=0.5 mm. (fig. 71),
1.0 mm. (figs. 72—-73)).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 93

Ficures 74-75.—Female genitalia: 74, Carposina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana; 75,
Carposina (Carposina) biloba, holotype. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

94 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

et

Figures 76-78.—Female genitalia: 76, Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana; 77, Carposina
(Carposina) simulator, holotype; 78, Carposina (Trepsitypa) cardinata. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 95

Sis. LS Ws

pe =

fi
;

Se sess out

er

Ficures 79-81.—Female genitalia: 79, Carposina (Carposina) engalactis, paralectotype;
80, Carposina (Epipremna) dominicae, paratype: 81, Carposina (Hypopremna) bullata.
(Scale=0.5 mm.).

289

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN

96

82, Carposina species, no. 1; 83, Bondia comonana;

Ficures 82-84.—Female genitalia:

84, Bondia crescentella. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 97

Ficures 85-87.—Female genitalia: 85, Bondia fidelis; 86, Bondia fuscata, paratype; 87,
Bondia shastana, paratype. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

98 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Anes
HZZ YE

Ficures 88-90.—Female genitalia: 88, Bondia species no. 1; 89, Bondia species no. 2; 90,
Tesuquea hawleyana. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE 99

Ficures 91-99.—Lamella antevaginalis of female genitalia: 91, Carposina (Carposina)
niponensis niponensis (Japan); 92, Carposina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana; 93, Car-
posina (Carposina) fernaldana; 94, Carposina (Carposina) simulator, holotype; 95, Car-
posina (Carposina) biloba, holotype; 96, Carposina (Carposina) engalactis, paralectotype;
97, Carposina (Trepsitypa) cardinata; 98, Carposina (Epipremna) dominicae, paratype;
99, Carposina (Hypopremna) bullata.

100 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 289

Ficures 100-108.—Lamella antevaginalis of female genitalia: 100, Carposina species,
no. 1; 101, Bondia comonana; 102, Bondia crescentella; 103, Bondia shastana, paratype;
104, Bondia fidelis; 105, Bondia fuscata, 106, Bondia species, no. 1; 107, Bondia species,
no. 2; 108, Tesuquea hawleyana.

REVISION OF MOTHS OF CARPOSINIDAE

Figures 109-122.—Spermatophores: 109, Carposina (Carposina) fernaldana; 110, Car-
posina (Carposina) niponensis ottawana; 111, Carposina (Carposina) simulator; 112,
Carposina (Carposina) biloba; 113, Carposina species, no. 1; 114, Carposina (Epipremna)
dominicae; 115, Carposina (Trepsitypa) cardinata; 116, Tesuquea hawleyana; 117, Bondia
comonana; 118, Bondia crescentella; 119, Bondia shastana; 120, Bondia species, no. 2;

121, Bondia fidelis; 122, Bondia fuscata. (Scale=0.5 mm.).

Index

[Names of new genera and species in italics, page numbers of principal
accounts in boldface]

Anomoeosis, 9

Atoposea, 4, 10, 12, 13, 39

Atoposea maxima, 9, 10, 31 (map),
39, 40, 76 (fig.), 81 (fig.), 88
(fig.)

Autogriphus luteus, 3

berberidella, Carposina, 13, 16, 20, 80

(fig.)

biloba, Carposina, 10, 16, 25, 26 (map),
74 fig.), 93 (Gig), 99 (fig.),
101 (fig.)

Bondia, 4, 7, 8 (table), 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
41, 43 (key), 53, 54, 57, 59
comonana, 6, 8 (table), 10, 42, 43,
46 (map), 73 (fig.), 76 (fig.),
81 (fig.), 83 (fig.), 88 (fig.),
96 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.)
crescentella, 8 (table), 10, 42, 43,
47, 49 (map), 76 (fig.), 89 (fig.),
96 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.)
fidelis, 8 (table), 10, 42, 43, 53, 54,
56 (map), 57, 59, 64, 66, 78
(fig.), 81 (fig.), 84 (fig.), 90 (fig.),
97 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.)
fuscata, 8 (table), 10, 43, 56 (map),
57, 58, 64, 78 (fig.), 89 (fig.),
97 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.)
nigella, 41, 42, 57, 81 (fig.)
shastana, 8 (table), 10, 48, 51, 52

(map), 53, 54, 76 (fig.), 91
(fig.), 97 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101
(fig.)

species no. 1, 11, 48, 64, 65 (map),
78 (fig.), 98 (fig.), 100 (fig.)
species’ no: 2, 11, 48; 53, 57, 65
(map), 78 (fig.), 98 (fig.), 100
(fig.), 101 (fig.)
spicata, 10, 43, 52
66, 78 (fig.), 91 (fig.)
bullata, Carposina, 8 (table), 9, 10, 15,
31 (map), 34, 37, 76 (fig.), 95
(fig.), 99 (fig.)

(map), 53,

Campanulaceae, 4
eardinata, Carposina, 10, 30,
(map), 74 (fig.), 80 (fig.),
(fig.), 99 (fig.), 101 (fig.)
Carposina, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 (table), 9, 10,
13, 15 (key), 16, 29, 32, 34, 35,
37, 39, 42
berberidella, 13, 16, 20, 80 (fig.)
biloba, 10, 16, 25, 26 (map), 74

dl
94

)
“),

(fig.), 93 (fig.), 99 (fig.), 101
(fig.)
bullata, 8 (table), 9, 10, 15, 31

(map), 34, 37, 76 (fig.), 95 (fig.),

99 (fig.)
cardinata, 2, 10, 30, 31 (map), 74
(fig.), 80 (fig.), 94 (fig.), 99

(fig.), 101 (fig.)

comonana, 43, 44

crescentella, 47, 49

cretata, 8 (table), 10, 15, 32, 33, 36
(map), 76 (fig.),, 80 (fig:), 87
(fig.)

dominicae, 8 (table), 10, 12, 14, 34,
35, 36 (map), 76 (fig.), 80 (fig.),
87 (fig.), 95 (fig.), 99 (fig.) 101
(fig.)

engalactis, 10, 16, 27, 31 (map), 74
(fig.), 99 (fig.)

euryleuca, 43, 46

fernaldana, 6, 8 (table), 10, 17, 21,
23 (map), 25, 26, 27, 74 (fig.),
80 (fig.), 82 (fig.), 86 (fig.), 92
(fig.), 94 (fig.), 99 (fig.), 101
(fig.)

maxima, 40

nicholsana, 10, 17

niponensis niponensis, 4, 5, 18, 19,
99 (fig.)

niponensis ottawana, 4, 8 (table),
9, 10, 15, 17, 19 (map), 22, 23,
24, 74 (fig.), 86 (fig.), 93 (fig.),
99 (fig.), 101 (fig.)

103

104

Carposina—Continued
persicana, 20
phycitana, 2, 10, 17, 29, 36 (map),
63, 74 (fig.)
sasakii, 20
scirrhosella, 20
stimulator, 10, 17, 24, 26 (map), 27,
74 (fig.), 94 (fig.), 99 (fig.), 101
(fig.)
species no. 1, 11, 12, 29, 36 (map),
62, 78 (fig.), 96 (fig.), 100 (fig.),
101 (fig.)
species no. 2, 11, 29, 36 (map), 63,
78 (fig.), 80 (fig.)
“‘Carposina’’, 7
Carposina, subgenus, 10, 15, 16 (key),
28, 62
Carposinae, 3
Carposinidae, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12
(key), 20
Carposinoidea, 1, 3
Commatarcha palaeosoma, 6
comonana, Bondia, 6, 8 (table), 10, 42,
43, 46 (map), 73 (fig.), 76 (fig.),
81 (fig.), 83 (fig.), 88 (fig.), 96
(fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.)
comonana, Carposina, 43
Conchylidae, 3
Cornaceae, 18
Cornus paniculata, 18
racemosa, 18
Crataegus sp., 23
crescentella, Bondia, 8 (table), 10, 42,
43, 47, 49 (map), 76 (fig.), 89
(fig.), 96 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101
(fig.)
Carposina, 47, 49
cretata, Carposina, 8 (table), 10, 15, 32,
33, 36 (map), 76 (fig.), 80 (fig.),
87 (fig.)
demissa, Prunus, 45
Dipremna, subgenus, 10, 15, 32
domestica, Prunus, 45
dominicae, Carposina, 8 (table), 10, 12,
14, 34, 35, 36 (map), 76 (fig.),
80 (fig.), 87 (fig.), 95 (fig.), 99
(fig.), 101 (fig.)
engalactis, Carposina, 10, 16, 27, 31
(map), 74 (fig.), 99 (fig.)
Epacridaceae, 4
Epipremna, subgenus, 10, 15, 34, 63

INDEX

Ericaceae, 4

euryleuca, Carposina, 43, 46

Fagaceae, 6, 45

fernaldana, Carposina, 6, 8 (table), 10,
17,21, 23 (map), 25, 26, 27, 74
(fig.), 80 (fig.), 82 (fig.), 86 (fig.),
92 (fig.), 94 (fig.), 99 (fig.), 101
(fig.)

fidelis, Bondia, 8 (table), 10, 42, 43, 53,
54, 56 (map), 57, 59, 64, 66, 78
(fig.), 81 (fig.), 84 (fig.), 90 (fig.),
97 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101 (fig.)

fuscata, Bondia, 8 (table), 10, 43, 56
(map), 57, 58, 64, 78 (fig.), 89
(fig.), 97 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101
(fig.)

Gelechiidae, 3

hawleyana, Tesuquea, 9, 11, 59, 60,
61 (map), 78 (fig.), 85 (fig.),
92 (fig.), 98 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101
(fig.)

Hypopremna, subgenus, 10, 15, 37

Hyposmocoma, 4

jeffreyi, Pinus ponderosa var., 64

Lepidoptera, 1, 2

luteus, Autogriphus, 3

maxima, Atoposea, 9, 10, 31 (map),
39, 40, 76 (fig.), 81 (fig.), 88
(fig).

Meridarchis, 7, 9, 34, 35

Metrogenes, 11

morbosa, Plowrightia, 6, 45

Myrtaceae, 4

nicholsana, Carposina, 10, 17

nigella, Bondia, 41, 42, 57

niponensis, Carposina niponensis ssp.,
4, 5, 18, 19, 99 (fig.)

Olethreutinae, 3

ottawana, Carposina niponensis ssp.,
4, 8 (table), 9, 10, 15, 17, 19
(map), 22, 23, 24, 74 (fig.), 86
(fig.), 93 (fig.), 99 (fig.), 101
(fig.)

palaeosoma, Commatarcha, 6

paniculata, Cornus, 18

persica, Prunus, 45

persicana, Carposina, 20

Phaloniinae, 3

phycitana, Carposina, 2, 10,
36 (map), 63, 74 (fig.)

Pinus ponderosa var. jeffreyi, 64

17, 629;

INDEX

Plowrightia morbosa, 6, 45
Prunus, 6, 45
demissa, 45, 73 (fig.)
domestica, 45
persica, 45
sp., 73 (fig.)
virginiana, 45
Pseudomonas tumefaciens, 46
Quercus sp., 45
racemosa, Cornus, 18
Ribes sp., 18
Rosaceae, 4, 23, 45
sasakii, Carposina, 20
Saxifragaceae, 18
scirrhosella, Carposina, 20
shastana, Bondia, 8 (table), 10, 43, 51,
52 (map), 53, 54, 76 (fig.), 91
(fig.), 97 (fig.), 100 (fig.), 101
(fig.)

105

stmulator, Carposina, 10, 17, 24, 26
(map), 27, 74 (fig.), 94 (fig.), 99
(fig.), 101 (fig.)

spicata, Bondia, 10, 48, 52 (map), 53,
66, 78 (fig.), 91 (fig.)

Tesuquea, 4, 7, 11, 13, 59

Tesuquea hawleyana, 9, 11, 59, 60, 61

(map), 78 (fig.), 85 (fig.),
92 (fig.), 98 (fig.), 100 (fig.),
101 (fig.)

Tineidae, 3

Tortricidae, 3, 5

Tortricina, 3

Tortricinae, 3

Tortricoidea, 3

Trepsitypa, subgenus, 10, 15, 30, 32, 63
Trepsitypa cardinata, 30

tumefaciens, Pseudomonas, 46
virginiana, Prunus, 45

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969—O-313-145

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