\ WOH UN NK XX \ NIA A IY IN \\ a NY NY S WN RN \ ‘ x \ IN \ WH SS \ \\ SS AX Ny SS \\ AN \ MY \\ NK \ QQ \ \ SANS WN \ AY RQ SN RRA NAS AY \ \ ty Z tis Sz Cte Z Yi ty typ yes WS RAY WAY \< NY AY y NN tj tj GY a Cie Sy Yipes ty Gi se titi tty ty Cy a, wy tHjy ty YY Li tj ty NAN L5 ies Lo ee ZB CHP ey yee AY \ SN RAY LY WN \ A RS \ \ \ AN AK AWN WY UNI RN AQ \ \ A << AK ONY . \ NN WRN \ A RA \ \ Ny’; AK AI AQ) A \N \ nie WAVY AY << — XX \ AK tt tts ee mh hoa i oo a' a ted : eo ae ‘ ” el 4 } ‘ a ‘ ih rs. | ee . Ve lira 4 ee x ate a ei iad yi al aly kd oF ty ded! vy Fey ce Lia Leis hts A at SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM . Bulletin 97 THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA BY MARY J. RATHBUN Associate tn Zoology, United States National Museum Me SAS PHONO. SY hi INGTON WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918, BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ISSUED daeieteeResb bobs. PS SSE Oe Re eR =P. se, Pe nee eS ey "ef eet Wa ee oe ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Mu- seum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annu- ally and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is dis- tributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects, as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the table of contents of the volumes. The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occa- sionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The ma- jority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispen- sable. Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Contribu- tions from the National Herbarium, has been published as bulletins. The present work forms No. 97 of the Bulletin series. Ricuarp RarHeun, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. Wasnineton, D. C., December 10, 1917. Tt TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page MMOGs 6, Sos NES ME Canc Se se See th ae ee th eae WE se SCs 1 PES OIMNaLCMAl:.< Sp eee ee dene sod enn ods ee 8 Sse ketene Tek dogo 1 Peart TORCARCHER!.-t) Meci a Meee 2 2 Hy, Sit os Se ah Ce ad oaehs oes watreel Ss = 2 PeRMOWICaRIBOMiG(s Ok let Je sae Be eos Se cee tins 6 aides Je E SIS ES s 3 Explanation of terms and abbreviations used...............---.------------ 6 The grapsoid or catometopous crabs of America..........-...-..-------+----- 9 (pS TESTSGG S ICSI TES, 16 ORS SA BIS ED oe ie set AR a Se 1] Pay GG GHe Dine Ider. ork | 2s CO ey ori As yl ee Pies i SSE 15 Subfamily Carcinoplacinae...............-- SAM Maps Crema, roman haere eee, 17 enna Trizocarcimune oS 2a yo Pek eee le) a, ree SR ok aes 17 rizpeareimis GentioUs)..: 2. of esos. 2 ae ee aces eee 18 Genus’ Bathyplax..5.27..2. .: =: CSRS POCA. Bae WM SoC eee ON Bes 19 Bathe bypitlac. 92534 2% Sos 2 a. Aa tmete tom. =~ - BR Se Oe anne 19 Genus thenmnapiakes: kt. bo Eee ht ea oy) 2 oh ite Seas 21 Pilumnaoplax americana: -2)22.4. oo ese eldea re Scie eee ee 21 Laborer enon a bis eau seg, ate iy hobs Maeae ae a 23 Subfamily Goneplacinae......... See ee Re Seen Pa Ne a es 3 MRSS Sete 24 Genus Goneplax’...o6.0.2.5.2- ek ae Pc eRare NAR! Seo ty eee ee ae 25 (Ramis i aati bar sek Se ke ok oe SA RIUS SRE OSs See h 26 SEOSUIC IES MASS i enreemes phe tts 2G ee MS cee ees 26 MOSACA yee eee te ree ier See boat phe sis st ce ae area iee 27 LETHE yh GR SS Np abe ty Sealant See ee Le meee nro 28 GRECO T bee eee eee eee ase ene clara teat aiarat= 29 Subfamily Prionoplacinae...-. BEREAN Ee Se LN Saal eee 29 RP HMACE LIC ME Re A 6 2) E ES See oy ale ea RE Sarat s 29 Piotig pias malaritiers 52 Sh cae wes ee Nee oS I oS Beale a ca 30 ERPAICee Seat Se Sta ONS RR ee eh YS et aS 31 SEO eLitp lam water twee Ae ci = Ne tee eee Sl he Se wae Bae 32 Heimer Uduriacn ata. aes 0 cos © yaa tenee wat Soest. taal Se on 32 GRITS SEY Palak ce eS oe etek at ee tea HERR EN SAAS OOS oe 34 VEER Gg 6 1 al a oS A ee MERE ES oS Sete 34 pion re Sete oe he he ee Bae ele OR Re Sree ata 36 (Sp SE CES LS) AS S97 cas ae ape ea at ear ae ee eee 37 Ghasmopnoers macrophthalng: 2. 022 52.482 beso. sti ene keels. 37 Genlis PeOCRIOIIUS: cc 2.452. 24 Son hE REIN Oe ve AS Sons mk Mee 38 SICGeATCIMLs CATGMMONEIS. < totes ne NS Sed et te bec e aS = 39 Oranwlinitanne 2] ee oa ore estar Non oc eae oe 40 DSEEEARICOMES ee canta Seat eee hee te 8 aie ee bes 4] CANTONS Le fe eS eS ies eras ores 42 Gentiee seildorhompilt > ase ok. eho ss Dosen Sees Gepatee-todseeens 42 Pseudorhombila octodentata...........-..--.-. shetpat bre cA eee ae 43 Genus Oediplax.......... re Saks ee I RR Ts eee eS 44 Oediplax granulata........ Ree er es StS banged? Ft aS xe 44 een We TCDE oaks 48 52 ean ese setae tre oo sacs 45 Cystoplax spimidentate +. - 2c .24-. acai sis ss - Below see 46 v : ie i, ; vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Family Goneplacidae—Continued. Subfamily Prionoplacinae—Continued. Genus Pan MAE. 2-2 0506, Soon taceis a2 eon Sano Some ee ee ee Panopiax depress (2 ~- 2. 2 6.12 oe ee eee eee oe eee Gennes Gly ploplday 5 See a. -e= e ee ea 114 Misdodactylus mstiduss 9 -2o2=- 22L- <= 22-2 22 os ee 22 116 FTE eer an Sete eres aS rare ee ey CEE 2 Op a a ee A al edi 119 Hormadalleis= > nt2 aoe e ee eee to er attow eee 121 Hab bINEhs A.25025 4+ ans soe Soe Bsa ara eee 123 a COCKE ote oes Ee eae 2 aia sins tea se 124 Gallary a2 oh oceans oc ri= mic se oem = 125 Subfamily Pinnothereliinae .-.....------------------ ee 535" eM ennshiwininiters 28-2 2425s a. es ke bo ane es — =~ 2s ote 128 Pinnixa transversalis......---------------: ----> pee oe a) oe ee 131 Peri Aa le A ut Cees Saas acs oes aint aie 133 Ghisthiae-ce=o4> 56 eer < cee PBC. SET oC aeie 134 patamOniensis. ... 0. s 162 | icc Peete oes & ke aii ORE SR ESE 164 [ fUbicolane- sores =5 J MES Pert: Bip eeR PE Ste 2 = s <-= 165 : Weymnouihie ws. 25. ue4 02 os Hee e ea te ie. = oe eee 231 Geograpsus lividus. ..... Settee ing ae eae ae ere oe Se ee 232 Genie Weptograpsuse. 5252 62556 2 - «sc Sea ee ee Lee Leeptograpsus varregatiis. . 2222-9. 5200. ot ee ee 234 Gers Goniopsis.o2-. ce = 2 ota ces don sees a Sarctvbte fae 4c ooo 58 236 Goniopsis cruentata. 2524. sca Soo eee ee eee 237 pulehra. 2 oo. bs ie peo Cae ee oe er! Genus) Pachyprapsus. 40:3 sca ee ee oe ee a 240 Pachygrapsus crassipes.........-... sive es Aged fay aie et eee 241 AMG UU So or oe oe ih ere ee hearer 244 MEATS VCTSUS cscs oreo sae a ae 2, eee 244 gracilin.. <5: 2:5 tee ape ee aeaen eat Lee 249 MALMOPAGUBE ee eee oe 2 kettle 5 |e 250 pubescens2s252- it eee ee i alopwcha sae ee 252 COFLUPR UB ee ase = ee egera ene ee: i 252 Genas’ Planée. 2.22.5. oie. 2c oes Suk ee ee ae 253 Planes minutiae) 26. 9220.25 2252 oo a ee eee 253 marinus)! 2.22. . Bere 's bsc s Se steer Roe ee 258 Genoa Gripsoding:< 2.4.0 icc 2 88 oe ee ee ee 5. eee 259 Grapsodiud éximtius.:).0 62.2. 20:5. eee ee ee ee 259 puplamily Varnninne .o055.. enu, ee 2 fait ey needa 260 Genus Oyrtograpsua.... 2. 6030.25) 2 oo ee 260 Cyrtograpeus angulatus. ....::.......2.0 30. eee ee 261 eltinianuss......c.0.-. 2 hee ee 262 TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX Family Grapsidae—Continued. Subfamily Varuninae—Continued. Page. HrOH tit Et OMNIPEALTIRUIS: ie oS) ocr acs ip eine oie wreis*-'e siete 5 4% nichole UB at tees 264 Hemigrapsus affinis. ...... Sir re earl ne ces eee See ee sm viet 264 CRCHING LER: sooo ccs oio ees om some Uhataee aoe eae s 265 PAU Sees eee ete oe eset ss ee eI ia eterie ists els oS cs 267 GEO UME MIS 2 se apy oI sa Sn leerols wate sw re nia 270 penis TeiragTapsOss oot. een te oes ene wits as VES 3 ee Soe sea eh 273 Tetragrapsus jouyi.....-. Bede eral iets oe Rape eed tee edd bee ee 273 Prensa GlumtaprapeMss <2. oy acu: 35 2 ete emis aysele send tw ok ocacie 275 Gigmioprapsun im presqus. oC as ec 5 toe oa 5 eel Pee Se dotelga 275 TAME CN GIGS. on acne a se Ss Hotes spaairiaete « 277 Genus Platrehimoerapaus. 2\.. 4.25050 6a5- + ~.ateesne SE Pe 278 Plat yehiroerapsus(typicus. .....5:4(2ak62% actnke ck - <<... Luseeta 278 Genus Euchinograpaus. - 2: . 22.565 ./s0i4--. cebiees pete rsh 2 oy coy ces 281 Behiroprapsus americanus... 2... 62.i. seit des o = Eel eeccraees 282 SGiiamily SOSAPMAINAG os wai 4k saves aes pas eee Be eh aimee eee 283 Grrainan PPSEN A ee cent ain eas vette bebe isi Sate Sica 284 Supremus niroOMmanter: 2254. hoses tea. eee eee 287 Desarnis AMICHMMM SS seco. se alte seathans RI 3 gy belt +2 287 SSCs SeRATINA Se 555 Soo Ase eR RP Ss a 'Sie 288 Sesatnaa. yerleyi-. ci. ic2clke ee. SPN S's - = Opener 288 suleatumi. 2.24: Rs ie SN es ESR 289 PObDeUlAbaA eo 418 ee Pe WE ee ee 290 WEqQUALORUIes- sn 02 oF ck ee nt cee eee aes 292 CULACROCNSE St ae kee Ox eed Serle set na nr eer ares 293 rhizophorae.......-- SE Diese dt teat colo eet 294 CiNsHEPOH Scns eta sae eee eek clos oom ee ode 294 pitentetueis fee cc sue Noe see eee ee ie ee at 295 ARUVARI Sete een aren Pees yore RAS ge 296 GOphiod Cemiag 2520S oS en a toss ine ee le 297 nar himgnuyin 26) deer tee oe ee ce omen Noa 298 Subgenus Holometopus.............-.-- Becca ir TO es apa Ne Lea 298 RiGwnia TECH oer cote eae tosis a hep ack ol ae Sees 298 Ocemlenigie 65.2 2 ose e ack ae See ae 299 cmereum.-....\.=. Teale a as aa Swe ETE ence eciada « 300 MVC ws, 8 a. sb es oS eee BCs oP toes oa ee 303 miersiiiherng.-; 2.4. edo eae... - ae Seer 304 Miaaleneniee- 622 iG ccc 22 ses save Sap ate ¢ 305 hrolleya 1552 8 et stk ee WIS ade co da Te tAINPICONSEs.. 2c esi iet kes SIO Stan oP crates 307 WECORGNA 2 Ste Seek ett eae aE: WRG. i tseo se 308 ANGUS APES See Lie Stee 6 BONER ats sot ie OCT RR. Str tte NUE Cs id oe RS RR SPUR 312 . Rea baee TCR Se aah a he aM UREN cS a 313 IV ORIGUUTINS ene pee se ee ae ire eee ae alain ale al 314 BATISEM Ue eee ce eee octet nce re are atone aici einen te 315 emedtette sina. oon eae ees te Oe ae ea esas 316 Genus Metopaulias.............-- eee aac tana sacar tae ee 317 Metopaulias depressus...-...-....-- Perce ae RN a em a Siar ara eaten 318 ereCU EEN REE SERP TID ay ein che Set ee att ne Sa a oid uml widiacele 319 ied SHER ERIE TD EIOS oso se et Sc Se Ae Oona nite oA SR 319 Wee TER A ELPEN tic 2 ets hc Rate nL tele ere eiciontcg ae cea nha aso 'alSia ea 321 Sarmatium curvatum............... PRs Pe eee is ak ce ck 321 X TABLE OF CONTENTS. Family Grapsidae—Continued. Subfamily Sesarminae—Continued. Page, Genus Aratus..........-. bee ao ete 5 Asie a OAS etn ee see 322 ATatns pisonit. = 2522-28 Soles slats bees SS Se ee ore 323 Genus Cyclograpsus-..:.<.. 2.02. - <2 222 tUSU ees. Js se eee 325 Oyclograpsusinitegers......- 0... -.<2- -<0ee eee ae wees e ete eeee 326 CINEFEUSIasoce[os = Soe Ce ee ere are, eee 327 PUNCTALUS. ..).)- oss em oe ass eee ase i - eee 328 Genus Chasmarnathus. ..:...- =~ 25,. 222.) 2s ese Be Seine) eee 329 Chasmagnathus pranulata:...-...---=.--=-/- sissies e tiene = 329 Subtamily Plagusiinae: 2 {22.2 02.252 - Se aie Ca nee sat eer 331 Gonusi Plamasias oS oo io 2 ae = acer ce ene oe Ee = eee 331 Plagusia depressa. 2: +2520 5 - e+. 22 = ee eee 332 depressa tuberculata ..... 9502/559-5ee ese eee eee 334 immaculate +... 260-66 2 . + <2 SE a eee 335 Chabrus. ic 2220s sbien a2 SSS ee eee 336 Genus Percnon. 2958 2 sey soos on oo a eee Sor Perenon Sib bGste rss. s.c015c:2 Ja doses “ees ee eee MAE: DoT HeamulyGecarcimidae: 2oioos a o/s 32 wads oR ee ee A ne eRe eee 339 Genus! Cardisoma 2% e152. 25. 2 2-0 3 AE eee = ee 340 Cardisoma suanhumie se; .).;.)..... 522. 7..-,-. eee ere 341 CTASSMMIDA2 < eers Seat.) SS ae eee 345 Genus Ucides see" Siss otr cnt Soest aa eeeie eee eee eee 346 Weides: cordatuss 22.6.5 2: Asche he a See ose ee ee 347 OGCIMENTAIS2 26.265 Sos ton eb ete age sera ce oe 350 SOHIUIS CG OAIGINIISS foe Se. ee SS a ee ee oot er 351 iSECaTCinUS TUNCOM. -.acctoss~ + een feat te 302 lateralis a 28.2 coe oS oe yhoo) 355 QUAGTACUG< <.-0 an i2crk ee Shoe: 358 PUANALUSS. Aat socio ea oes qe ne ae oe 359 LAP OSGOMIB = 2 oo../s wo) eee cg Beare eet 361 Crenus, Gracareowmlen. 5 a0. 227! S225 02 Meh ee ere ee soe 362 noecarcoides lalandit = 2.0700 2 eee fee eo 364 amily Oey pogidae’ ofS 5 a5. Sten: Sout ed ee ee 365 Sublamily Ocypodinae?: : 2-226 sets ee a eee 366 | GenusiOcypodé.s: 3:2 s5e isc. sa chee eee eee ate ese eee 2 2366 Ocypode albicans: i... v.21. eens a eee: > eek ee 367 . occid@enthlia. .\) 2 Mit i east ee 372 | caudichaudii.../...- = ee ee 373 Genius, Wea... ee eo eo et See ES ee 374 Ueca mMaracvamiss =). <\.\oele. 222. 25 SROs. see eee 378 moniliferay is 23 eet le ke . ea eR as cee eee 380 heterochélos x, .nd ato. sak oa 2 ae ee 381 Priticeps. esses Shs. ee ase 382 Riylitera ss 2) soeh css ono ae oe ee ee eee ee 383 Hateropleuris . so). Sete ce 5 ool es oe ene oe ane . ae 385 DoDI Se, 3 oy ck catia CE ae eee Bid A os kee et ee 385 PAMBBT cyan Oho ceetota ys ae oh a ee Sey Oe ee 387 IIA 75, cies 2m ns ee ew Soh a See stern 389 MONG AR £ 52s setae os kee Soe eo een 391 breyilrons. 3-250. 2b ee 393 PUOMEX ce oscar sind DET s 22 Saree ee 395 DUGNAX TAPAK 2 soc oe cee Cs ee 397 pugilator.. 20st. 3. di ccc A eee 400 galapagensis! 22.222 $.222 6.0 925025 Le ee 403 TABLE OF CONTENTS, XT Family Ocypodidae—Continued. Subfamily Ocypodinae—Continued. Genus Uca—Continued. Page. Rea Neen eee ate She See mec aie ae haces Soe a ture ae Soe 405 WR VEtre am pate ch re Nae EE ta KLE NE ge oe ete 406 EC CIOwe ian eRe ne taste eta NS ae ected eee Le 408 CRON) Sey eee males Aaa Meine i te oe oe 409 ROlOnARM Hn G sey eit Seren nite ee ce eo Cee Lassies 410 {IIT G1 0 MO aS 2 ae an, Os SO ge eS 411 PUNE CHIN Ye AI ioe cl Se Naat Stree See te ne re te tae 412 UU EES TASES Be pei crago ts nao Ee hes See nap oie wl ee 413 QETEG EN Ue. hal aed ctw cle Se wayne dials acm daar ee bee RL mee Sabre 2 414 WEIGEL eet kc hae ee a an eS So Sk yee 415 Bistenachyilise .ateons = chee Uae erie GEA acs bisa. See 416 HEART ALE eas Seve eg cae eset Sow. Se ae 417 SHH MGIC f_ o- se at ia ape seo iene ee neo bees eee 419 Besa ea tee ANE SS Nie caters er we te, ae ose cle) Ata 420 PEON ACHV IA wen nes oe eee cowie tee tue eh aes oe eee 420 PAWEHANUG soc eo Notin oe ana see sues Sater. ae Sols Sack Ae 422 aiMaAnUty MACTODHCRAIMMOAG 22.5 focet SO eee. ore Sees Sek Cec cle< ae en 423 Rp CoTECES ERE E retire ae es 2 tcc he Se ee.Y Nite at note, SEM ee. 2 CONE ei 423 Drpiax leproputhamays ass ce pac eens eee cnet ahaa uke wins, ee See MIA EIGU OR. Piso sels Oe ee. oe) See tenn okt eC ts REE 425 Mpa ere ere cis Stes Se ae RM Sh ee ate RIE de aces emit Mee Sachem c 447 ee ne ee a i eee? er a oS ae LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. TEXT FIGURES. . Diagrammatic dorsal view of a grapsoid crab, showing the terms used in deseripiion:: 25 is255 ssl Bie Porn ae Gace ree ts We Sine Rim BIS Tk a mia cee . Diagrammatic ventral view of a grapsoid crab, showing the terms used in PRET M OH oe ee cet arate ee ah ia a i ee eS mac Gln Sean . Trizocarcinus dentatus, ventral view of left side of carapace of male holo- type, showing stridulating ridge, XK. 4.2... nc. s ee eee te ee cleo 4, Bathyplax typhla, male (9729). a, Outer maxillipeds, showing approxima- tion, X 4; b, abdomen and part of sternum, X 3; c, left chela, X 2...... 5. Pilumnoplax americana, male, station 62, dorsal view, X 14.....-........- 6. Pilumnoplax americana, male, station 62, anterior portion of carapace, SACU MEO DEIOEGS on tae Poet ote ee eA oats SUN nhs Stew tee Le ald aye 7. Goneplax hirsuta, cotype, X 24. a, Dorsal view; 6, right chela and carpus, paler view.) (iver Dorradaile.) 2.25. J2 5 acestcsmeerls ante te ceteaeess 8. Prionoplaz atlantica, male, holotype. a, Abdomen and part of sternum, X 8; b, outer maxilliped, dotted line marking median axis, K 12............ 9. Tetraplax quadridentata, male (24564), outer maxillipeds, showing approxi- BANE OG Lee ont Pa he alia la yale aya ee monain See Sisip ein aucie aie s-oympa islets 10. Tetraplax quadridentata, male (24564), abdomen, part of sternum, and coxa RAIMIEG ROE Ee SCO Aico testa URC PRO ore ati ec ete ic: acre Shes nid mioleye's egies 1l. Zuryplaz nitida, male (15012). a, Abdomen and part of sternum, X 34; b, outer maxilliped, dotted line marking median axis, X 5}............ 12. Chasmophora macrophthalma, female holotype. a, Carapace, eyes, and an- tennae, dorsal view, < 54; 6, right chela, outer view, X 74...-.--.---- 13. Chasmophora macrophthalma, anterior view of orbit of female holotype, show- ing hiatus in which lies the antennal flagellum, & about 13.......-...- 14. Speocarcinus granulimanus, male holotype. a, Abdomen and part of ster- num X 3; 5, outer maxillipeds, showing approximation, X 5}.......... 15. Speocarcinus granulimanus, male holotype, right chela, outer view, X 23.. 16. Speocarcinus californiensis, male (32966). a, Outer maxilliped, dotted line marking median axis, X 44; 6, abdomen and part of sternum, * 24.... 17. Pseudorhombila octodentata, male holotype. a, Right chela, outer view, X 1; b, abdomen, part of sternum, and coxa of last leg, K 1%......-.--- 18. Pseudorhombila octodentata, male holotype, outer maxillipeds, showing ap- IRSICHID IER Cee tee heme Sues ee S 2 sels Ae SoG mee ace No Sela a wm wiotaiate 19. Oediplax granulata, female holotype. a, Antennal and buccal region, X 24; Perio CHeLL OULOE WIRW OL ee coe oe ec otis yates sitet eee eee 20. Cyrtoplax spinidentata, male holotype, outer maxillipeds, showing approxi- TELESALES SR FERRI a: Si ar Nts SE NS OS meester APE a 21. Panoplax depressa, male (25624). a, Outer maxilliped, x 9; 6, abdomen PameR NATE EMU EMMATIRR SC re ia te eee a ci cet Seslnid wi eue alain cyecerwiein = 22. Eucratopsis crassimanus, female (17801), outer maxilliped, X 8...-.....-.--- 23. Chasmocarcinus typicus, male holotype. a, Dorsal view, X 2; 6, abdomen SMES LORIN vi WoLON eda: a Doses Se esc ae ae ccc eee eins Se atreisiare aloyelatain alele Page. 34 38 38 40 40 43 43 44 oe uw Oo ou Or XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 24, 30. 31. 32. 30. 34. 30. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45, 46. ATs 48. 49. 50. él. 52, 03. 50. 56. 57. 58. Chasmocarcinus typicus, male (22073), outer maxillipeds, showing approxi- THALIOU Ca ones a0. seein ecinie = wie Siete 0 Cele .n im mleteeceg serene St see eee 5. Chasmocarcinus latipes, female holotype, dorsal view, X 1§....----------- _ Chasmocarcinus latipes, female holotype. a, Outer maxillipeds, in place, < 5; 6, a:domen and part of sternum, X 3 ..-...-.------------------- : Cer aa male pe a, Right chela, outer view, X 8; : pineal Ben ea: a, Right chela of Gaile eee CGH 1G; abdomen and sternum of snail holotype, X 63; c,a domen of female (CARI gst aC Aa Mtacapirra le eI EY HPR tg Fi sae Pinnotheres ostreum, outer maxilliped of female (2542), X 15} ..-....----- Pinnotheres holmesi, outer maxilliped of female holotype, X 153-.-...-....... Pinnotheres geddesi, female (23767). a, Chela, X 16; 6, outer maxilliped, Pinnotheres politus, outer maxilliped of female (40448), 50......---- Ne: Pinnotheres angelicus, outer maxilliped of female (17467), * 153.....-..--- Pinnotheres maculatus, male, X 8. (After Smith.) ...............---...-- Pinnotheres maculatus, outer maxilliped of female (36782), X 10..-..-.--.-.--. Pinnotheres depressus, outer maxilliped of male (48594), X 1387}....--...- Pinnotheres muliniarum, outer maxilliped of male holotype, * 90......-- Pinnotheres pugettensis, endognath of outer maxilliped of female (40396), X 21 Pinnotheres nudus, female holotype. a, Carapace, slightly enlarged; b, abdomen; c, outer maxilliped; d, left cheliped; e, first leg. (After FROIN GS) Seb sesee Ses ee eps ee eR Re Siege ena as ie 2 ra Se Nee Pinnotheres serrei, outer maxilliped of female (48571), & 20 ........-.----- Pinnotheres concharum, endognath of outer maxilliped of male (23929), 20 Pinnotheres pubescens, female holotype. a, General outline, 275; 8, buecal area. (Aitter Holmes) ane oe oe = ann ss a Pinnotheres barbatus (23435). a, Endognath of outer maxilliped of female, 120 bs abdomen oh male. Xie as cet se noe oe Se ee ee Pinnotheres strombi, endognath of outer maxilliped of female holotype, MUUCH Onlareed soi. care ieicre sae Sea eee ee Pinnotheres reticulatus, outer maxilliped of female holotype, X 15}...-.-..- Pinnotheres moseri, endognath of outer maxilliped of female holotype, < 17. Pinnotheres shoemakeri, endognath of outer maxilliped of male holotype, DRT sisi cil 2 a me ree a bre a car Dea ea aie ler a eee Pinnotheres taylori, endognath of outer maxilliped of male (40397), X 40... Pinnotheres orcutti, endognath of outer maxilliped of male holotype, X 67.. Pinnotheres hemphilli, outer maxilliped of male holotype, X 110..........- Pinnotheres guerini, outer maxilliped of holotype, enlarged. (After Milne idwards 4). = o.5. ees so oe cok lee ee Eee et Fabia subquadrata, female. a, Outer maxilliped (17480), xX 14; b, dorsal view of body and last two legs, X 13; ¢, right chela, X 14; 6 and ¢ from Monterey Bay, after Weymouth . Fabia subquadrata. a, Ventral view of front and mouth, enlarged; b, end or ales, enlarged: " (Aiter Dana.).... 50.22.00 2. eee ee Fabia lowei, female (23437). a, Endognath of outer maxilliped, X 10; b, Bert chelas XC 4 oo oo ics eee hoe wie ed Pe Ae Fabia byssomiae, outer maxilliped of female (25648), X 21 Fabia canfieldi, female holotype, outer maxilliped, X 21. er Parapinnizxa nitida, female holotype. a, General nae x 23; e ae maxilliped, enlarged. (After Holmes. ) Soe ess era oie eae hry cece Page. 56 Oli 57 58 60 aomonn natn wa Ne Oo oO oN eH © 83 84 86 88 89 90 93 94 96 97 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 108 / : : 7 p 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64, 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. a. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. mis 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Parapinnizxa hendersoni, female (48711), outer maxilliped, x 61 Parapinnizxa bouvieri, female holotype, outer maxilliped, x 100.......-.- Parapinniza beaufortensis, male holotype, dorsal view, with right cheliped Reba COM ae er ae eee a eee ete ee os iat Gets erate el Saleem cee Parapinnixa beaufortensis, outer maxilliped of male holotype, x 176 Parapinnixa beaufortensis, male holotype, ventral view, X 20......-..--- Dissodactylus nitidus, outer maxilliped of female (22113), 50 Dissodactylus nitidus, third leg of female (22113), & 11.............-.--.-- Dissodactylus mellitae. a, Outer maxilliped of female (40272), « 23; b, leg of Data Cato) aloe jo tsictaclaversie siete ate alstal ade eee eee Cardisoma guanhumi, abdomen of male (17987), natural size.........---- Cardisoma crassum, front view of orbital and antennal region of male (2137), Oe LE Scares a cele See de nee ao Susie MENS SR Re Se Oe eee te Cardisoma crassum, abdomen of male (48809), natural size Ucides cordatus, abdomen of male (17595), natural size........-..--.----- Ucides occidentalis, abdomen of male (40490), natural size Gecarcinus ruricola, abdomen of male (7343), natural size............---- Gecarcinus lateralis, male (11368), X 2. a, Outer maxillipeds, in place; b, -abdemen of male-. 2... )5.. sess asco ee eee Gecarcinus quadratus, male, X 2. a, Outer maxillipeds, in place, of specimen in Copenhagen Museum; b, abdomen (32311).........------- Gecarcinus planatus, abdomen of male (20650), natural size.........------ Page. 228 274 277 279 279 280 282 290 292 293 300 301 306 307 316 328 333 343 346 346 348 350 353 356 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 164. Gecarcinus lagostoma, outer maxilliped, Ascension Island, jeans reduced. a, Upper view; }, lower view. (After Miers.).. ela hye 165. Gecarcinus lagostoma, abdomen of male (14869), nee size. 166. Uca mordax, inner surface of larger chela of male from Paes abehule re- NGO. KASRED SPATE): 2k a Sere creel! sy eas . pacers wis Waasd ontels SARE 167. Uca galapagensis, male (22319), X 14. a, Dorsal view; b, inner surface RINAEPereneltee crc ek acess a. on +, Sears totes upheld age deon sacs 168. Uca rectilatus, cotype, enlarged, after Holmes. a, Dorsal view of carapace, eyes and legs; b, ischium and merus of right outer maxilliped; c, carpus and chela of smaller cheliped; d, merus of right or larger cheliped, inner puce-bé lamer cheld, taner face. < 20 p.2 Sage. Aye Saesinwrs 5 sale e oss RSe 169. Uca thayeri, male (23753), natural size. a, Dorsal view; b, inner surface PAG CRelaseese Sooo sl Oke See wer ee ee CEN a eb aies ea SS 170. Uca helleri, male, X 3. a, Dorsal view of holotype; 6, inner surface of dorcvenienele(A5G6G) oii 3 6 sak a oat awh aoc o dedaels duh Scenic saete 171. Uca musica, male holotype, X 34. a, Lower view of larger, left chela, showing stridulating ridge; b, anterior (lower) view of portion of first left leg, showing granules which play against stridulating ridge........- 172. ‘Prehistoric bow] unearthed in Costa Rica, the base representing a female land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, with the claws folded under the eyes, X about 2. Original in possession of Mrs. Zeledon, cast in U.S. National PNP IENINN Reape pols Shisha is peste beh Ane male A itt baie sa gk eaters 7s Sear oe PLATES. 1. Trizocarcinus dentatus. 2. Bathyplax typhla. 3. Pilumnoplaz elata. 4. Goneplax barbata and sigsbei. 5. Goneplax barbata. 6. Prionoplax atlantica and Tetraplax quadridentata. 7. Euryplax nitida. 8. Speocarcinus carolinensis. 9. Speocarcinus granulimanus. 10. Speocarcinus ostrearicola and californiensis. ll. Cyrtoplax spinidentata. 12. Panoplex depressa and Eucratopsis crassimanus. 13. Oediplex granulata and Glyptoplax smithii. 14. Chasmocarcinus obliquus and Pseudorhombila octodentata. 15. Pinnotheres holmesi and ostreum. 16. Pinnotheres geddesi and angelicus. 17. Pinnotheres depressus, maculatus, and pugettensis. 28. . Pinnotheres pugettensis and muliniarum. . Pinnotheres serrei and barbatus. . Pinnotheres strombi and concharum. . Pinnotheres reticulatus, moseri, and taylort. . Pinnotheres shoemakeri and orcutti. . Pinnotheres hemphillt. . Fabia subquadrata, lowei, canfieldi, and byssomiae. . Pinnaxodes meinerti and Parapinnixa bouviert. . Parapinnixa hendersoni and Dissodactylus nitidus. . Dissodactylus encopet and borradailet. Dissodactylus stebbingi, alcocki, calmani, and mellitae. XIX Page. 361 362 392 403 406 407 415 418 XX 29. 30. Sie . Pinniza barnharti. 99 Ov. 34. 35. . Pinnizxa hiatus, tubicola, and weymouthi. Qy ‘e 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. ol. 52. 53. 4. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. dae 72. toe 74, 75. 76. litte 78. 79. 80. 81 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Pinniza transversalis, faconi, and cristata. Pinniza patagoniensis, floridana, and tomentosa. Pinnixa faba and littoral. Pinniza valdiviensis and chaetopterana. Pinnixa occidentalis, sayana, and valdiviensis. Pinniva franciscana, cylindrica, and schmittt. Scleroplax granulata and Opisthopus transversus. Pinnaxodes chilensis. Pinnotherelia laevigata and Tetrias scabripes. Pinnotherelia laevigata and Cymopolia sica. Pinniva retinens and Cymopolia floridana. Cymopolia alternata. Cymopolia alternata. Cymopolia lucasii and zonata. Cymopolia zonata and faxoni. Cymopolia affinis. Cymopolia bahamensis and affinis. Cymopolia rathbuni and isthmia. Cymopolia obesa. Cymopolia gracilis. Cymopolia gracilis and fragilis. Cymopolia cursor and gracilipes. Grapsus grapsus. Grapsus grapsus. Geograpsus lividus. Leptograpsus variegatus. Goniopsis cruentata. Goniopsis pulchra. Pachygrapsus crassipes. Pachygrapsus maurus and gracilis. Pachygrapsus gracilis and transversus. Pachygrapsus marmoratus. Planes minutus. Planes marinus. Cyrtograpsus angulatus. Cyrtograpsus altumanus. Hemigrapsus affinis. Hemigrapsus crenulatus. Hemigrapsus nudus. Hemigrapsus oregonensis. Tetragrapsus jouyt. Glyptograpsus impressus and jamaicensis. Platychirograpsus typicus. Euchirograpsus americanus. Sesarma (Chiromantes) africanum. Sesarma (Sesarma) verleyi. Sesarma (Sesarma) reticulatum. Sesarma (Sesarma) curacaoense and sulcatum. Sesarma (Sesarma) rhizophorae. Sesarma (Sesarma) bidentatum. Sesarma (Sesarma) jarvisi. co ee, ee ae a 82. . Sesarma (Holometopus) cinereum. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. . Sesarma (Holometopus) ricordi. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. . Aratus pisonii. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. El, 412. 113. 114. 115. 116. a7. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 13}. 132. 133. 134. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Sesarma (Holometopus) rectum. Sesarma (Holometopus) miersit. Sesarma (Holometopus) miersii iheringi. Sesarma (Holometopus) magdalenense. Sesarma (Holometopus) hanseni and biolleyi. Sesarma (Holometopus) tampicense. Sesarma (Holometopus) angustipes. Sesarma (Holometopus) roberii. Sesarma (Holometopus) angustum. Sesarma (Holometopus) benedicti. Metasesarma rubripes. Sarmatium curvatum. Cyclograpsus integer and Metopaulias depressus. Cyclograpsus cinereus. Cyclograpsus punctatus. Chasmagnathus granulata. Plagusia depressa. Plagusia depressa tuberculaia. Plagusia immaculata. Plagusia chabrus. Percnon gibbesi. Cardisoma guanhumi, male, dorsal view. Cardisoma guanhumi, female, ventral view. Cardisoma crassum, male, dorsal view. Cardisoma crassum, male, ventral view. Ucides cordatus, male, dorsal view. Ucides cordatus, male, ventral view. Ucides cordatus, female, dorsal view. Ucides cordatus, female, ventral view. Ucides occidentalis, male, dorsal view. Ucides occidenialis, male, ventral view. Ucides occidentalis, male, antero-dorsal view. Gecarcinus ruricola, female, dorsal view. Gecarcinus ruricola, female, ventral view. Gecarcinus lateralis, male, dorsal view. Gecarcinus lateralis, male, ventral view. Gecarcinus quadratus, male, dorsal view. Gecarcinus quadratus, male, ventral views. Gecarcinus planatus, male, dorsal view. Gecarcinus planatus, male, ventral view. Gecarcinus lagostoma, male, dorsal view. Gecarcinus lagosioma, male, ventral view. Ocypode albicans, male, dorsal view. Ocypode albicans, male, ventral view. Ocypode gaudichaudit and occidentalis. Ocypode gaudichaudii and Uca maracoani. Uca heterochelos and maracoant. Uca monilifera. Uca princeps. Uca stylifera and mordax. XXII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 135. Uca tangeri. 136. Uca tangeri. 137. Uca minax. 138. Uca brevifrons. . 139. Uca pugnax. 140. Uca pugnax rapax. 141. Uca pugilator. 142. Uca galapagensis. 143. Uca macrodactylus. 144. Uca thayeri. 145. Uca speciosa. 146. Uca crenulata. 147. Uca coloradensis. 148. Uca spinicarpa. 149. Uca panamensis. 150. Uca uruguayensis. — 151. Uca helleri. 152. Uca oerstedi and stenodactylus. 153. Uca stenodactylus. 154. Uca musica. 155. Uca subcylindrica. 156. Uca leptodactyla. 157. Uca latimanus. 158. Glyptoplax pugnax and smithii. 159. Eucratopsis crassimanus, Ucides cordatus, Pinnotheres politus and bipunctatus, Speocarcinus carolinensis, Cyrtograpsus angulatus, and Chasmagnathus granulata. 160. Pachygrapsus pubescens and corrugatus, Uca pugilator, subcylindrica and princeps, Sesarma (Sesarma) curacaoense, and Gecarcoides lalandit. 161. Uca heteropleura and insignis. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. By Mary J. Ratueun, Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum. e INTRODUCTION. This volume is part of a work projected many years ago as a hand- book for the study of American crabs, the main purpose being to give a brief description with figures of each species. In the mean- time the character of the work has been somewhat changed so as to include a detailed catalogue of the specimens in the United States National Museum. Unavoidable delay in preparation has led to an accumulation of material which has greatly augmented the number of known species. As a result the work has been expanded into four volumes, of which the present one, dealing with the Grapsoids or Catometopes, is the first. SOURCES OF MATERIAL. The collections in the United States National Museum form the basis of this bulletin. They consist chiefly of material obtained by United States Government bureaus, such as the Bureau of Fisheries (known previous to July 1, 1903, as the United States Fish Commis- sion). Through the activities of its various vessels and laboratories the Bureau of Fisheries has been able to transfer to the National Museum vast accumulations from nearly all the coasts of America. The amount of work accomplished by the steamers Albatross and Fish Hawk and the schooner Grampus, as well as by other vessels of the commission in earlier years, is indicated in the detailed lists of specimens. _ Other Government explorations that have yielded considerable results are those constantly carried on by the Bureau of Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture and those occasional ex- peditions under the auspices of the National Museum itself and the Smithsonian Institution. Of the Crustacea obtained by the United States exploring expedition in 1838-1842 and by the North Pacific exploring expedition in 1853-1856 very little remains, owing to the inadequate housing of the former collection before the existence of 65863—17——_1 2 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. a National Museum building, and to the destruction of the latter collection in the Chicago fire of 1871 while it was in the custody of Dr. William Stimpson.? Among private institutions contributing largely are the Carnegie Institution, of Washington, District of Columbia; the Venice Marine Biological Station, Venice, California; and various universities, such as the Stanford University and the University of California. Through a system of exchanges reciprocal benefit has been derived from many of the larger museums, such as the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; the Peabody Museum of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; the Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil; the Museo Nacional, at Valparaiso, Chile; and in Europe, the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; the Zoologi- cal Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; and others. SPECIAL RESEARCHES. In the eighties, the early days of the United States National Museum, the collection of crustaceans, as well as of other inverte- brates, was in charge of Dr. Richard Rathbun, at that time an assist- ant on the United States Fish Commission. The collection was of so moderate a size that it was possible for a single curator to classify all the larger and more conspicuous forms in various groups. At that time Prof. Sidney I. Smith, of the United States Fish Com- mission, had charge of the Decapods of the northeast Atlantic coast ° of America which were obtained by the commission, and the material forming the basis of his reports was subsequently transferred to the museum. Later Dr. James E. Benedict was made an assistant cura- tor of marine invertebrates, and the then rapidly increasing numbers of decapod crustaceans occupied a large share of his attention. When the present writer took up the subject the commoner and more abundant forms were already worked over. The nomenclature, how- ever, proved to be in a very unsettled condition, on account of our ignorance of the true status of type-specimens in some of the Euro- pean museums, the misinterpretation of the descriptions of those types by others, and the consequent repetition of errors in literature. In 1896 therefore the writer visited six European museums to examine certain types, those of J. C. Fabricius in the museums in Copenhagen and Kiel, of Herbst in Berlin, of Saussure in Geneva, of the two Milne Edwards’ in Paris, and of Miers and others in the British Museum. The results were of great value in revising the *For a full account of the sources of the ‘invertebrate collection in the National Museum up to 1883 see **Great International Fisheries Exhibition, London, 1883, Section G. Descriptive Catalogue of the Collection illustrating the scientific investigation of the eae fresh waters.” By Richard Rathbun. Washington: Government Printing Office, THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 3 United States collection of crabs. Not only was a series of photo- graphs obtained, but arrangements were made for an exchange of specimens whereby many cotypes and specimens directly compared with types were secured for this museum. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. My thanks are due to all those who assisted me during this Euro- pean trip—to Prof. E. L. Bouvier, Dr. F. Meinert, Dr. H. J. Han- sen, Dr. K. Brandt, Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell, and Dr. R. I. Pocock; and also to those who in the meantime have passed away—Prof. A. Milne Edwards, Dr. C. Liitken, Dr. I’. Hilgendorf, and Prof. Henri de Saussure. Were I to name all of the correspondents who have contributed by advice, loans, gifts, notes, or otherwise toward the completion of these volumes on American crabs, the list would include nearly all earcinologists, museum curators, professors of zoology, and col- lectors. At the moment, however, I am especially indebted to those who have obtained for my use additional material in the Pinnotheridae, a group difficult to understand without well-preserved and abundant material. They are Dr. C. McLean Fraser, who recently collected several hundred specimens in the neighborhood of Vancouver Island; Dr. F. W. Weymouth, who forwarded the collection belonging to Stanford University; Dr. Walter Faxon, who loaned the collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology; and Dr. W. T. Calman, of the British Museum, who arranged the loan of a valuable type-specimen. Permission has been freely granted by Dr. H. M. Smith, Com- missioner of Fisheries, and by Dr. C. H. Townsend, of the New York Zoological Society, to use data which form part of special reports as yet unpublished. The classification of the higher groups adopted in this report is that of Borradaile, and the keys to the same have been borrowed from his summary published in 1907. Likewise the definitions of families and subfamilies are copied or adapted from those given by Aleock in his work on the Catometopa of India.? In the immediate preparation of this report I am indebted to my colleagues in the United States National Museum, and above all to Mr. Waldo L. Schmitt, assistant curator of marine invertebrates, who has made most of the drawings of microscopic mounts of the Pinnotheridae with the use of the Edinger drawing apparatus, and has rendered important assistance in the preparation of manuscript and plates. 1 Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India, No. 6. The Brachyura Catometopa oO Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, Calcutta, 1900, pp. 279-456 [621- i a BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ‘NOILAINOSMG NI duso SWAaL GHL PNIAOHS ‘AV alosavad V JO AGIA IvS8u0d DILVNNVADVIG—T “SL {_uawopqy ___1 * pouyseruy i * geete teense Seesttt ett een, seipaes jeryouesg Je SNOBSIA: £ Piss eDesn). a peryoue4g \ e y are x PY saysebosapw 3% Dist So + W .."s,, %a, ye fee aus "en 6 ras . 2 Rem, IS Y diaysebojorg’ : e aiajsebojorg : be J oyeday siuseb, # jepuosy sndaes> ‘4O {SIAM THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. *NOITdIGOSAA NI GASH SNUAL GAL ONIMOHS ‘vad GIOSdVaD V #O ABIA IVULNGA OILVNNVIDVIG—?s “OLA Sadie 4 UbIWO:S AO way ey weg | @ yPunpsd aejns0 snpodoig 4o yeySaKQ Podijow 40 puey euuajuy 42 dye ‘ =wjlq pue gjnuusjuy q snueyw 4sbuiy poxiy debuy aqerowun 40 pexiy cen ee ee Te eee eee 6 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED. Glossary of terms used in classification and description. Abdomen, or tail, the jointed or hinder part of the body which is reduced in size and is bent forward under the thorax. In this work the abdomen is considered as consisting of seven segments, inclusive of the telson. It is much wider in the female than in the male. Afferent channels, the openings through which water passes to the branchiae. In the Brachyuran crabs they usually open behind the pterygostomian re- gions and in front of the chelipeds, save in certain of the Oxystomata where they open at the antero-lateral angles of the palate or endostome. Ambulatory, or walking legs, usually four pairs, are behind the chelipeds. They msy be only 8 in number, as in the genus Cymopolia where the hind pair of thoracic legs are delicate and tendril-like, as if used for attachment to foreign objects. Antennae, or second pair of antennae, that pair of antennae situated between the antennules and the orbits. Antcnnules, or antennae of the first pair, those antennae lying near together, either side of the median line. Arm, the merus of a cheliped. Basis, or basipodite, the secend segment (from the body) of a leg or raat pea Branchial region (paired), the very large lateral area of the carapace, behind the cervical suture. Buccal cavity, or buccal cavern, the cavity on the ventral surface of the body, in which are situated the mouth-parts; it is bounded anteriorly by the epistome, laterally by the free edges of the carapace. Carapace, or cephalothorax, the shell which covers the dorsal surface, and the lateral portions of the ventral surface, of the body. Cardiac region, the median area of the carapace, behind the cervical suture. Carpus, or carpopodite, the fifth segment (from the body) of a leg or a maxilliped. Cervical groove, the complex groove, or series of grooves, running across the carapace, the groove being transverse at the middle, then turning on each side obliquely forward and outward to the lateral margin. It separates the hepatie and gastric regions from the branchial and cardiac regions. Chela, or ciaw, the two last segments of a cheliped. Cheliped, the pair of thoracic legs immediately behind the maxillipeds or jaw- feet. They bear the chelae or pincer-claws and are usually stouter, some- times much stouter than the succeeding or walking legs. Cora, or coxopodite, the first or proximal segment of a leg or a maxilliped. Dactylus, or dactylopodite, the seventh or terminal segment of a leg or max- illiped. The dactylus is the movable finger of a cheliped. Distal, farthest from the center of the body; opposed to proximal. Efferent channels, the channels through which water passes from*the branchiae; they open et the sides of the endostome, except in the subtribe Oxystomata where they open at the middle of the endostome. Endognath, the inner or principal branch of the maxilliped. Endostome, or palate, the roof of the buceal cavity. Epigastric lobes, the anterior lobes of the gastric region. Epistome, the transverse plate forming the anterior border of the buccal cavity, its sides being fused with the carapace. Exognath, the outer or secondary branch of the maxilliped. Eyebrow, a term here applied to the narrow surface in the fiddler crabs between the upper border of the orbit and the orbital cavity itself. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 7 Fingers, or digits, the narrow scissorlike blades of the claw end of a cheliped, the movable finger being the dactylus, the immovable finger the terminal part of the propodus. Flagellum of the antennae and antennules, the long, narrow, terminal Dee composed of numerous short segments. Gastric region, the large median area, bounded behind by the cervical suture, outside by hepatic regions, and anteriorly by the fronto-orbital regions. It is divisible into the following subregions or lobes: Mesogastric, proto- gastric, epigastric, metagastric, and urogastric. Hepatic region (paired), a small subtriangular, antero-lateral region, wedged between the branchial and gastric regions and either the margin of the -earapace or the margin of the orbit. Intcrantennular septum, the plate which separates the two antennular cavities from each other. Intestinal region, a short transverse area behind the cardiac region. Some- times called the posterior cardiac lobe. Ischium, or ischiopodite, the third segment (from the body) of a leg or maxilli- ped. It is usually the first large segment of the maxilliped. Jugal region. See Pterygostomian region. Labial border, the anterior border of the buccal, or mouth cavity. Afanus, or palm, the broad, proximal part of the propodus of a cheliped. Slavillipeds, the three outermost pairs of jaw-feet, the third or outer pair form- ing more or less of an operculum to the buccal or mouth cavity. Merus, or meropodite, the fourth segment (from the body) of a leg or mawilli- ped. It is usually the first long segment of a cheliped, or walking leg. Mesogastric lobe or subregion, the median division of the gastric region, pen- tagonal in form and with a long, narrow, anterior prolongation. Afetagastric lobes, the postero-lateral iobes of the gastric region; often not defined. Orbital hiatus, the gap in the orbital margin at its lower, inner angle. Orbital region, the narrow space bordering the upper margin of the orbit; not always distinguishable. Palp, or paipus, of maxilliped, consists of the last two or three segments fol- lowing the merus-joint. Perciopods, a term applied to the chelipeds and four pairs of legs. Pollez, the immovable finger of the cheliped. The term “pollex” has been used, however, by some writers, for the movable finger, a use not without justification. Propodus, or propodite, the sixth or penultimate segment of a leg or maxilliped. In a cheliped, the propodus consists of the palmar portion or manus, and a narrower, immovable finger. Protogastric lobes or subregions, the antero-lateral lobes of the gastrie region. Proximal, nearest the center of the body; opposed to distal. Pterygostomian region, the triangular space on the ventral surface of the earapace, on either side of the buccal cavity. Sometimes called the jugal region. Rostrum, or front, that part of the carapace which projects forward from between the bases of the eyestalks. Sternum, or sternal plastron, the ventral, segmented wall of the thorax. Stridulating ridge or organ, a ridge or surface made up of a close series of cross ridges or tubercles, so placed as to rub against another surface and thus produce a noise. Subequal, nearly equal. 8 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Subhepatic region, that area below the hepatic region and below the lateral border of the carapace. Suborvital region, the narrow space bordering the lower margin of the orbit; not always distinguishable. Telson, the terminal segment of the abdomen, See Abdomen. Thumb, the immovable finger of the cheliped. Urogastric lobe, the postero-median lobe of the gastric region. Sometimes called the genital region. Wrist, the carpus of a cheliped. Heplanation of measurements. The length of the carapace, unless otherwise stated, is measured on the median line, from the anterior to the posterior margin. The width of the carapace is measured at the widest part. The fronto-orbital width or exorbital width is measured from the cuter angle of one orbit to the outer angle of the other. The length of the rostrum is measured from the tip to the posterior line of the upper margins of the orbits. The width of the rostrum is measured at its posterior end. The length of the segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured on the upper or anterior margin. The length of the whole cheliped or leg is measured on the lower margin, from the articulation of the coxa with the sternum to the tip of the dactylus. The width of the segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured at the widest part. The length of the immovable finger is measured from the tip to the extremity of the sinus between the fingers. Character of bottom. Under “ Material examined,” the abbreviations indicating the character of the bottom, are those employed by the Bureau of Fish- eries. Nouns begin with a capital, adjectives with a small letter. Digs eae black Pye gray Saco ewan sand Byres brown hr Ss ee hard sctrdaes 2222 seattered Dike broken Pout Bee) large Sits ache soft DUS Sree blue hipaa ie ere light Se cee tare shells Cone coral NG eee mud Sissel sinall (CES eee coarse O7e2e = eee ooze Spe fan aoe a specks ke ee dark Pie eee Te pebbles Stason stones tee 8S: fine Pires Pteropod siky2222 32-4 sticky itt) Pees LOLITA ee eee ee rock VO eee volcanic Ce ee gravel Testers ee red Wie ee seaweed Glop22 =.= globigerina Wis 32 ee reef Whee ee white ene 25 ereen Eye ae rocky Ve eae yellow Additional abbreviations and notes. In the synonymy an attempt has been made to give all the different names or combinations which have been used, but not all the refer- ences to a species. (30 PRA THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 9 In the lists under “ Material examined” a number in parenthesis following an indication of a specimen or specimens denotes a cata- logue number of the United States National Museum unless otherwise indicated. M. C. Z. = Museum of Comparative Zoology; P. M. Y. U. = Peabody Museum of Yale University; Mus. S. U. Ec Museum of the State University of Iowa; y. = young. The words “UJ. S. Fisheries” should be understood before “Str. Albatross,” “Str, Fish Hawk,” or “Sch. Grampus.” In the same lists there have been entered, besides specimens in the National Museum, many types examined elsewhere, as well as such specimens from other collections as increase our knowledge of the range of the species, but for lack of space no attempt has been made to record all of the many specimens examined in museum and private collections. THE GRAPSOID OR CATOMETOPOUS CRABS OF AMERICA. The term Catometopa or “square-fronted” was early * applied to a group of crabs which was contrasted with the Cyclometopa or “round-fronted” crabs. These terms were abandoned? because the one group was found to merge gradually into the other. The name Brachyrhyncha was given to the whole. Aside from intergrading forms, the so-called Catometopa contain many types that are not “square-fronted.” In 1851? Dana first used the word Grapsoidea * for this group, Grapsus being the typical genus. The name Grapsoid is therefore used in the title of the present paper as a short and con- venient term to indicate the content of the volume. The key on pages 13-15 gives the relation of the families here dealt with to the remainder of the Brachyura, or short-tailed crabs. 1. The family Goneplacidae links the Catometopes to the Cyclome- topes and is most closely allied to the family Xanthidae, some of its genera having the form of the Panopeids or mud crabs, and differing from them chiefly in the characters of abdomen and sternum and the shape of the chelae. The Goneplacids, being bottom-dwelling forms, are taken almost exclusively in the dredge or tangle. 9. The Pinnotheridae is a large family of small crabs, chiefly com- mensal, sometimes free-swimming and occasionally parasitic. While in most crabs the male is stronger than the female, especially as regards the chelipeds, and often attains a greater maximum size, the reverse is true in many Pinnotherids. The female may not only be much larger than the male, but have a very different shape and ap- pearance, due, no doubt, to the difference in mode of life of the two sexes. The female may be commensal or parasitic, while the male is free-swimming. Much is yet to be learned regarding the habitat of 1Catométopes Milne Edwards (part), Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 1. 2See Borradaile, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, p. 466. 5 8 Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, pp. 283 and 285. 4The Grapsoidiens of Milne Edwards is equivalent only to the Family Grapsidae-. 10 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the various species. One hundred years ago Thomas Say, the pioneer American naturalist, remarked, “It is a curious fact that, although the female of this species is so very often found occupying the oyster, the male is absolutely unknown.”! The same might almost be said to-day, as up to this time not a single male of that species has been recorded, and only one immature specimen has been seen by the present writer or is known to exist in any collection.? In order to emphasize our lack of knowledge of this important and interesting little family I have, in dealing with the genus Pin- notheres, made a list of the American species with an indication of the known sex or sexes of each. It is hoped that this will lead to greater interest among workers at the laboratories along our coasts in seeking and preserving examples of Pinnotheridae. They are to be sought for not in the usual haunts of crabs, but in the shells of bivalve mollusks, such as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops, in the tubes of annelid and sipunculid worms, in ascidians, in the in- testinal tract of certain globular sea-urchins, and on the outer surface of sand dollars and other flat urchins, with all of which animals they may be commensal. In some cases the males, however, may be free- swimming and should be looked for in plankton or tow-net hauls. 3. The Cymopoliidae are unique in structure, related in most features to the Catometopes, but in the small filiform legs of the last pair resembling the Dorippidae, near which they are grouped by some authors. They come from water of considerable depth and nothing is yet known of their habits or the function of their delicate hind legs, whether used to support a protective covering of sponge or ascidian, as in the Dromiidae, or serving as tendrils to cling to the branches of aleyonarians, hydroids, and algae. 4. The Grapsidae embrace large numbers of shore and shallow- water crabs, as well as a few which inhabit fresh water or are semi- terrestrial, living at considerable distance from the sea. 5. The Gecarcinidae are land crabs, often of large size, with emooth, thick carapaces and more or less spinous legs. 6. The family Ocypodidae is represented in this hemisphere by the sand crabs or ghost crabs and the fiddler crabs (genus Uca, formerly Gelasitmus). In this group the length of the eyestalks and the corresponding narrowness of the frontal projection or rostrum are carried to an extreme, as is also the difference between the cheli- peds of the two sexes. Both chelipeds in the female and one (either right or left) in the male are small, feeble, and similar. The other male cheliped is stout and of enormous length, especially the arm and fingers, the chela (palm and digits) usually much surpassing in iength the width of the carapace. 1 Pinnoiheres ostreum, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 68. 2In November, 1917, a second male was found in an oyster by W. P. Hay. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 11 Order DECAPODA. Suborder REPTANTIA. Tribe BRACHYURA. Definition—The Brachyura are the short-tailed crabs, in contra- distinction to the Anomura, which include the hermits, the hippas, and others. The Brachyura are characterized by having the cara- pace fused with the epistome at the sides and nearly always in the middle; the last of the thoracic sternal somites fused with the rest, its legs usually like the others; the basis and ischium of cheliped and legs immovably united; the abdomen brachyurous (small, straight, symmetrical, bent under the thorax, showing no traces of other func- tion than reproduction, and without biramous limbs on the sixth seg- ment) ; by lacking a movable antennal scale; and by having the third maxillipeds broad. Development.—Crabs, as a rule, pass through two or more free- swimming stages of development after leaving the egg and before attaining the form of the adult. The first stage is known as the zoea; its carapace is relatively stout and usually spined, the eyes are conspicuous, the thoracic legs are undeveloped, the abdomen is long and slender. The zoea may molt several times, with slight and very gradual changes, but eventually in shedding its skin it suddenly develops into a very different larval stage, the megalops, which has more in common with the adult than does the zoea. In the megalops the long spines of the carapace have disappeared; the eyes are at the ends of movable staiks; the five thoracic feet are developed and similar to those of the adult; and the maxillipeds are no longer used for locomotion; the telson or abdomen may be partially bent forward under the ventral surface of the body.? Some crabs are exceptions to the above rule of postembryonic.larval metamorphoses. Such are the river-crabs of the family Potamon- 1¥or details of the metamorphosis of a crab, see: Faxon, W., On some Young Stages in the Development of Tlippa, Porcellana, and Pinnixa. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél. at Harvard College, vol. 5, No. 11, Cambridge, June, 1879, pp. 253-268, pls. 1-5. Czerniavsky, Voldemar, Megalopidea s. Larvae Anomuriformes Crustaceorum Brachyu- rorum. Proc. Entom. Soc. St. Petersburg, vol. 11, 1880, pp. 51-96, pls. 2 and 3. With bibliography and dichotomous table of genera. (In Latin and Russian.) Brooks, W. K., Handbook of Invertebrate Zoology. Boston: S. B. Cassino, 1882, Chap. 21, pp. 207-223. _ Faxon, Walter, Selections from Embryological Monographs. Compiled by Alexander Agassiz, Walter Faxon, and EB. L. Mark. I. Crustacea. By Walter Faxon. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél. at Uarvard College, vol. 9, No. 1, Cambridge, July, 1882, pls. 1-14 with explanations (not paged). ; Ortmann, A. E., Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, vol. 5, Abth. 2, Lief. 47-49, Leipzig, 1898, pp. 1078-1105, pls. 110-112. Calman, W. T., The Life of Crustacea. London, 1911, Chap. 4, pp. 66-87. 12 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. idae (not included in this volume), in which the young issues from the egg as a tiny crab substantially like its parent. Surprisingly little is known of the development of different species, as the life history of not more than a dozen of our American species of Brachyura has been worked out. This would prove a fruitful field for investigators in our seaside laboratories where facilities are offered for studying transformations in the aquarium. It is unwise to draw sweeping conclusions from a few cases, for recently the discovery has been made of the direct development of the young crab from the egg in a species of the Oxyrhyncha or spider- crabs. ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT. Throughout this volume, after the keys to species, I have indi- cated in parallel columns those closely related species occurring on opposite sides of the continent. ‘The resemblance between the units of some of these pairs is much greater than between others. All are here assembled in a single list, followed by a list of those species which occur on both sides of the continent; those of world-wide range being indicated by an asterisk (*). Family GONEPLACIDAE. Atlantic. Pacific. Prionoplaz atlantica. Prionoplaz ciliata. EBuryplaz nitida. EBuryplax polita. Speocarcinus carolinensis. Speocarcinus granulimanus. Glyptoplaxz smithii. Glyptoplax pugnax, Chasmocarcinus typicus. rs Chasmocarcinus latipes. Family PINNOTHERIDAE. Pinnotheres ostreum. Pinnotheres hotmesi. Fabia byssomiae. Fabia canfieldi. Parapinniza hendersoni. Parapinnizxa nitida. Parapinniza bouvieri. Parapinni«a afinis. Pinnizxa brevipollex. Pinnixca affinis. Pinnizxa faxoni. Pinniza transversalis. Pinnica cylindrica. Pinniza franciscana, Pinniza sayana,. Pinniza occidentalis. Pinniza floridana. Pinnixa longipes. Family CYMOPOLIIDAE. Cymopolia alternata. Cymopolia zonata. Cymopolia faroni. Cymopolia lucasii. Cymopolia obesa. Cymopolia tuberculata. 1See Stalk-eyed Crustaceans collected at the Monte Bello Islands. By Mary J. Rath- bun. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1914, pp. 653 and 662. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 13 Family GRAPSIDAE. Atlantic. Pacifie. Goniopsis cruentata. Goniopsis pulchra. Pachygrapsus maurus, Pachygrapsus crassipes. Pachygrapsus marnoratus. Pachygrapsus pubescens. Glyptograpsus jamaicensis. Glyptograpsus inpressus, Secsarma reticulatum. Sesarma acquatoriale. Scsaria curacaocense. Sesarma rhizophorae. Sesarma cinereum. Sesarma occidentale. Sesarma micrsii theringt. Seserma biolleyi. Sesarma roberti. Sesarma angustum. Cyclograpsus integer. Cyclograpsus cinereus, Family GECARCINIDAE. Cardisoma guanhumi. | Cardisoma crassum, Ucides cordatus. | Ucides occidentalis. Gecarcinus Se poeeacie quadratus. (Also on the Gecarcinus lateralis. i{ Atlantic side of the Isthmus.) Family OCYPODIDAE. Ocypode albicans. Ocypode occidentalis, Uca maracoani., Uca monilifera. Uca hetcrochelos. Uca princeps. Uca speciosa. Uca crenulata. Uca subcylindrica. Uca stenodactylus, SPECIES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CONTINENT. Family GRAPSIDAE. Grapsus grapsus.* Geograpsus lividus. Pachygrapsus transversus.* Planes minutus.* Cyrtograpsus angulatus. Sesarma (Holometopus) angustipes. Aratus pisonii. Family GECARCINIDAE. Gecarcinus quadratus. Family OCYPODIDAKE. Uca mordaz. KEY TO THE SUBTRIBES OF THE TRIBE BRACHYURA.! A*, Mouth field (endostome) prolonged forward to form a gutter. Last pair of legs normal or abnormal. Female openings generally sternal. First abdominal limbs of female wanting. Gills few__-_Subtribe Ozrystomata. 1The keys are taken almost bodily from Borradaile’s On the Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, pp. 477-483. The names in the right hand margin which are printed in capitals indicate the families and higher divisions treated of in this volume. 14 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. A”, Mouth field roughly square. B. Last pair of legs abnormal, dorsal. Female openings coxal. First abdominal limbs of female present. Gills usually many. Subtribe Dromiacea. B*. Last pair of legs normal, rarely reduced, not dorsal, except in Cymopolia and Retropluma. Wemale openings sternal. First abdominal limbs of female wanting. Gills few----------- Subtribe BRACHYGNATHA. KEY TO THE SUPERFAMILIES OF THE SUBTRIBE BRACHYGNATHA. A’. Fore part of body narrow, usually forming a distinct rostrum. Body more or less triangular. Orbits generally incomplete. Superfamily Oxyrhynecha. A?, Fore part of body broad. Lostrum usually reduced or wanting. Body oval, round, or square. Orbits nearly always well inclosed. Superfamily BRACHYRHYNCHA. KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF THE SUPERFAMILY BRACHYRHYNCHA. A’. Orbits formed, but more or less incomplete. Second antennal flagella, when present, long and hairy. Rostrum present. Body elongate-oval. Fore edge of mouth indistinet_____________- VYanily Luryalidae=Corystidae. A? Orbits complete (though fissures may remain), except in the Mictyrinae, where the eyes are almost or quite unprotected. Body rarely elongate- oval. Rostrum often wanting. Second antennal flagella usually short, not hairy. B’. Carpus of third maxillipeds articulates at or near antero-internal angle of the merus. Body usually round or transversely oval. Male open- ings nearly always coxal. In many species the right chela is always larger than the left. Cc’. Legs more or less distinctly adapted for swimming. Usually a small lobe on the inner angle of the endopodite in the first maxillipeds. The first antennae fold slanting or transverse________ Family Portunidae. C*. Legs not adapted for swimming, or if so modified, then the male genital duct opens sternally or runs in a sternal groove. Inner lobe on the endopodite in the first maxillipeds wanting. D*. Fresh-water crabs with the branchial region much developed and swollen. Body often squarish, but male openings coxal. Family Potamonidae. D*. Marine crabs with the branchial region not greatly swollen. Kk’. First antennae fold lengthwise. i, Carapace subcircular. Second antennal flagella either leng and ENDO NANO eae ee Ne Family Atelecyclidae. F’, Carapace broadly oval or hexagonal. Second antennal flagella present, Short 0 bly yee eee Family Cancridae. E’. First antennae fold slanting or transversely. I’. Body usually transversely oval. Male openings rarely sternal. Not sharply separated from the following family. Family Xanthidae. F*. Body usually square or squarish. Male ducts open on the sternum, or, if coxal, pass along a groove in the sternum. Not sharply separated from the foregoing family. Family GONEPLACIDAER, p. 15. \ THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 15 B*. Carpus of third maxillipeds does not articulate at or near the inner angle of the merus. Body usually square or squarish. Male openings sternal except in Retropluma, where the duct passes along a sternal groove to the coxopodite. In no species (Cymopoliidac excepted) is the right chela always larger than the left. C. Small, usually commensal crabs, with very small eyes and orbits. Body usually more or less rounded____-- Family PINNOTHERIDAE, p. G1. C?, Free-living crabs, with eyes not specially reduced and usually a square body. D*. Last pair of legs dorsally placed and weaker than the others. Inter- antennular septum very thin. No distinct epistome. Exopodites of third maxillipeds not hidden. E'. Front narrow. Female openings in normal position. Third maxilli- peds subpediform, not covering the mouth. Family Retroplumidae=Ptenoplacidae. E?. Front moderately broad. Female openings on the sternal segment corresponding to the first pair of walking legs. Third maxillipeds cover the mouth to a large extent and have very small merupo- CKO Se roe eras Family CYMOPOLIIDAE=Palicidae, p. 182. D*. Last pair of legs not dorsally placed nor markedly weaker than the rest. Interantennular septum not very thin. E', A gap of greater or less size is left between the third maxillipeds. Front very or moderately broad. F*, Sides of the body either straight or very slightly arched. Shape squarish. Front broad. Rarely true land erabs. Family GRAPSIDAE, p. 224. ¥F*. Sides of the body strongly arched. Shape transversely oval, Front narrower. Land-crabs__Family GECARCINIDAE, p. 339. E. The third maxillipeds almost or quite close the mouth. Front moderately or very narrow_------ Family OCYPODIDAE, p. 365. B®, Merus of third maxillipeds small, bearing terminally a carpus of nearly its own width. Ischium very broad. Body somewhat oblong. First antennae not retractile into sockets. Parasitic on corals. Family Hapalocercinidae. ~~. ae Family GONEPLACIDAE (Dana). Gonoplacidae Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 125 ASHES. 2sp :-US"S: Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, pp. 808 and 310.—AtLcocK, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, pp. 283, 286, 292, 297, and synonymy. ; | : 3 The palp of the external maxillipeds articulates at or near the antero-internal angle of the merus; the exognath is of normal size and is not concealed. The interantennular septum is a thin plate. The division of the orbit into two fossae is usually not indicated. The genital ducts of the male usually perforate the base of the last pair _ of legs, often passing forward through a groove in the sternum. KEY TO THE AMERICAN SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF THE FAMILY GONFEPLACIDAE, ip ‘ -A*. The base of the third segment of the male abdomen covers the whole space between the last pair of legs. 16 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, B*. Carapace xanthoid, widest behind the postorbital angles. Orbits of nor- mil osize sand LOTmM = 222224 eee Subfamily Carcinoplacinae, p. 17. Cc. Eyes movable. ° D*. Carapace subquadrate; postero-lateral margins nearly parallel. Max- illedsrapiliges 22.2 es oe ee ee Trizocarcinus, p. 17. D*, Carapace hexagonal; postero-lateral margins distinctly converging posteriorly. Maxillipeds not gaping_-____-__--_- Pilumnoplaz, p. 21. Gis Eyes immovable220 S22 20 ees ee ee ie ee Bathyplaz, p. 19. B*. Carapace subquadrate, anterior border entirely occupied by square-cut front and orbits, the latter being long, narrow trenches. Carapace widest between the postorbital angles__-_‘Subfamily Goneplacinae, p. 24. Goneplas, p. 25. A?. The base of the third segment of the male abdomen does not cover the whole space between the last pair of legs. Bt Width of male abdomen at third segment more than half width of ster- num int same vliness =e tee ee ee Subfamily Prionoplacinae, p. 29. Cc. Fronto-orbital width almost as great as the total width of the cara- pace. Eyestalks long. Carapace of ocypodine form, subquadrate; postero-lateral margins converging. Dp Antennaeexclhuded from: the orbite+= 2 == a eee Euryplax, p. 34. D?, Antennae entering the orbit. I*. Carapace wide. Merus of outer maxilliped broader than long. no Carapace: quadrilatera| ess eee Prionoplaz, p. 29. Ry. Carapace*hexavonalls= 4) ae ee ee Chasmophora, p. 37. E*, Carapace narrow. Merus of outer maxilliped as long as broad. Tetraplaz, p. 32. C*. Fronto-orbital width from one-half to three-fourths the total width of ‘the carapace. Eyestalks short. Antero-lateral margin arcuate. D’. Eyestalks diminishing to the tip. E*. Postero-lateral margins converging posteriorly_____ Cyrtoplaz, p. 45. FE’. Postero-lateral margins subparallel_____________ Speocarcinus, p. 38. D*. Eyestalks enlarged at the corneal end. Postero-lateral margins distinctly converging posteriorly. E*. Fronto-orbital border about half total width of carapace. I", Upper surface of carpus of cheliped subrectangular. Pseudorhombila, p. 42. I’. Upper surface of carpus not subrectangular______ Oediplaz, p. 44. E*. Fronto-orbital border from three-fifths to three-fourths of the total width of the carapace. I’. Carapace broad, width 1} times length__________ Panopiax, p. 4T. ¥’. Carapace narrow, width about 14 times length. 1. Merus of outer maxillipeds with antero-external angle promi- nent, “Acutan sul ans 2s eee ees ee ee Glyptoplax, p. 48. G*. Merus of outer maxillipeds with antero-external angle not prominent nor acutangular___________ ~_Hucratopsis, p. 52. B*. Width of male abdomen at third segment less than half width of sternum AN Sse mealies = er ee ee Subfamily Rhizopinae, p. 54. Chasmocarcinus, p. 54.* 1 Ceratoplar ciliata Stimpson (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, 1858, p. 96 [42].—Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 234, pl. 19, figs. 3-3b), an Indo- Pacific species, is recorded by Cano (Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, p. 229) from the coast of Ecuador. He regards his identification as doubtful (p. 91) and on p. 101 says simply ‘‘ Ceratoplax sp.” No description is given. If the locality cited be correct for the specimen, it is more likely to have been a species of Chasmocarcinus. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 17 Subfamily CARCINOPLACINAE Miers. Carcinoplacinae Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 222. Pseudorhombilinae Atcocx, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, pp. 286, 292, and 297. Carapace xanthoid, the regions seldom well defined; front usually of good breadth and square cut, often little deflexed; eyes and orbits usually of normal size and form, the eyes well pigmented and the eyestalks normally movable except in certain deep-sea genera; the antennules fold transversely; antennal flagella of medium length. Epistome well defined; buccal cavern ‘square-cut and usually com- pletely closed by the external maxillipeds, which have a subquadrate merus. The base of the third segment of the male abdomen covers the whole space between the last pair of legs. Male openings not sternal. Represented in America by three genera. Genus TRIZOCARCINUS Rathbun. Trizocarcinus RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 117; type, T. dentatus (Rathbun). Carapace deep, subquadrilateral, somewhat broader than long, with little distinction of regions, convex in both directions. Fronto- orbital border about three-fourths of the greatest breadth of the carapace; antero-lateral borders arched, dentate. Front square-cut, straight, faintly notched in the middle, distinctly separated from the supra-orbital angles, between one-third and one- fourth the width of the carapace. Upper margin of orbit with 2 distinct notches. Basal antennal joint short, the flagellum standing loosely in the orbital hiatus. The antennules fold transversely. Buccal cavity widening distally, not completely closed by the maxillipeds, the merus of which has a concave anterior margin, and the antero-external lobe projects forward not outward. Efferent branchial channels well defined. A stridulating ridge formed of parallel striae runs obliquely backward from the antero-external angle of the buccal cavity; and is played upon by a short ridge on the merus of the chelipeds. Chelipeds equal, much more massive than the legs. In both sexes all seven abdominal segments are distinct, and in the male the third segment covers the whole width of the sternum between the bases of the last pair of legs. This genus is closely related to the Indo-Pacific genus Carcinoplaa, but differs in the form of the merus of the maxillipeds, in the notch separating front and orbital angle, the superior notches of the orbit, and the stridulating ridges. Only one species known. 65863—17——_2 18 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, TRIZOCARCINUS DENTATUS (Rathbun).? Plate 1. Carcinoplax dentatus RarHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 18938, p. 243, (type-locality, Gulf of California, lat. 29° 40’ 00” N.; long. 112° 57’ 00’’ W., 76 fathoms; holotype, male, Cat. No. 17462, U.S.N.M.). Trizocarcinus dentatus Rarupun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 117, test-fi2s opin Diagnosis—A pterygostomian stridulating ridge. Merus of maxillipeds not broader than long. Segments of male abdomen free; third segment reaching coxae. Description ——Carapace about four-fifths as long as broad; pos- terior median portion almost level and bordered by a blunt ridge from which the anterior and lateral por- tions slope downward. Cardiac and mesogastrie regions in part demarcated. Surface short-hairy, unequally granulate. Front bimarginate, deeply grooved; inner angle of orbit a subacute tooth. Three flattened, upturned, pointed and subequal antero-lateral teeth. Margins of teeth and orbit denticulate. Postero- Fie. 3.—Trizocarcinus pexta- lateral margins subparallel, Pterygosto- TUS, VENTRAL VIEW OF LEFT ° : by RIDE OF CARAPACE or mata. lan ridge crossed: by “about (0 nme HOLOTYPE, suowiNne stripu- striae. A short complementary ridge ex- Rope ists on the lower proximal margin of the inner surface of the arm, and is crossed obliquely by 10 or 11 striae. Chelipeds granulate, outer face of carpus and chela clothed with long hair except tips of fingers. An upper marginal spine on merus at distal third; a lower subterminal spine. Inner spine of carpus curved upward. Chelae flattened, margins serrulate; fingers irregu- larly toothed, not gaping. Inner surface of propodus with a deeply concave surface below. Legs long and narrow; last three joints long, hairy, margins granulate. Third segment of male abdomen the widest, first and second seg- ments subequal in width, exposing the sternum. Measurements——Male holotype, length of carapace 14, width of same 18 mm. Range—Gulf of California; 30 to 76 fathoms. Material examined.— Gulf of California, off Cape Lobos, Mexico: Lat. 29° 40’ 00’” N.; long. 112° 57’ 00’ W.; 76 fathoms; gn. M.; temp. 59° I'.; Mar. 24, 1The parenthesis about an author’s name after a species name indicates that the species was originally placed in a different genus. ee ae Pe ee es THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 19 1889; station 3016, Albatross; 2 males (1 is holotype) (17462). Lat. 99° 54’ 30’ N.; long. 118° 01’ 00’ W.; 58 fathoms; gn. M.; temp. 61.8° F.; Mar. 24, 1889; station 3017, Albatross; 1 female (17463). Gulf of California, off Point San Fermin; lat. 30° 21’ 00’ N.; long. 114° 25’ 15’ W.; 30 fathoms; gy. M.; temp. 62° F.; Mar. 27, 1889; station 3035, Albatross; 1 young female (17464). Genus BATHYPLAX A. Milne Edwards. Bathyplaz A, Mitne Enwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 16; type, B. typhia A, Milne Edwards. Carapace hexagonal; antero-lateral margins arcuate and armed, postero-lateral margins converging. Front straight, about two-fifths width of carapace. Orbits small, shallow, ill-defined; eyes small, immovable, deficient in pigment. Antennae standing in the orbital hiatus; broad joint reaching the downward prolongation of the front; flagellum long. Antennules transverse. Buccal cavity widening rapidly anteriorly. Palatal ridge strong. Merus of outer maxilliped much wider than the ischium, its antero- external angle expanded. Chelipeds dissimilar. Ambulatory legs slender. Abdomen widest at third segment which reaches the coxae of the last pair of legs; no segments fused. Only one species known. BATHYPLAX TYPHLA A. Milne Edwards. Plate 2. Bathyplax typhlus A, Mitne Enwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 16 (type-locality, Frederickstadt, St. Croix Island, 451 fathoms; type iNT CZ) i; 1885, p. 230, pl. 20, fig. 3 (type-locality, south of Pernambuco, 380 to 400 fathoms; type in Brit. Mus.). Bathyplax typhlis, vay. oculiferus Miers, Challenger Kept., Zool., vol. 17, Diagnosis—Orbits rudimentary; eyes immovable, almost blind. Buccal cavity very wide in front. Chelipeds dissimilar; stridulating ridge on arm. Description—Carapace flat transversely, convex longitudinally; posteriorly uneven, the cardiac and posterior mesogastric region deeply delimited. Surface pubescent and for the most part granulate. Fronto-orbital width about three-fifths that of the carapace. Edge of front margined, bent down a little at the middle. Orbit without a superior inner or outer angle; too small to hold the small spherical light-brown cornea set on a short stalk; inferior inner angle denti- form. Two conical distant antero-lateral spines, the first one re- moved from the orbit. 20 BULLETIN 91, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The outer maxillipeds do not fit close together nor against the epis- tome. Chelipeds subequal, the chelae dissimilar. Merus with a spine or tubercle near the distal end of the outer margin; on the inner surface near the distal end there is a transverse stridulating organ capable of scraping against the granules of the pterygostomian region. Carpus elongate, the right one with a sharp inner spine, the left one with a small inner tubercle or spine. Right chela with palm expanded be- low, both fingers narrow and gaping, more in the male than in the female. Left chela shorter, very thin, and expanded below at the middle of the propodus, immovable finger in consequence wider at base than in the right chela, fingers not gaping; upper surface of palm produced inward in a blunt tooth. ; a Fic. 4.—BATHYPLAX TYPHLA, MALE (9729). a, OUTER MAXILLIPEDS, SHOWING APPROXI- MATION, X 4; b, ABDOMEN AND PART OF STERNUM, X 33 ©, LEFT CHELA, X 2. Legs long and very slender, margins granulous, surface downy, last three segments with a thin fringe of long hair. Measurements.—Male (9724), length of carapace 16.5, width of same 21.5 mm. Range —¥rom Gulf of Mexico to Pernambuco, Brazil, 280 to 463 fathoms. Material examined.— Southwest of Cape San Blas, Florida: Lat. 28° 36’ 15”” N.; long. 86° 50’ 00’’ W.; 347 fathoms; gy. M.; temp. 44.1° F.; Mar. 13, 1885; station 2395, Albatross; 1 male (9724). Lat. 28° 34’ 00’ N.; long. 86° 48’ 00” W.; 335 fathoms; gy. M.; Mar. 18, 1885; station 2396, Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (9729). Lat. 28° 42’ 00’ N.; long. 86° 36’ 00’ W.; 280 fathoms; gy. M.; Mar. 14, 1885; station 2397, Albatross; 1 female (9734). West of Cuba: Lat. 22° 35’ 00’ N.; long. 84° 23’ 00” W.; 463 fathoms; wh. Co.; temp. 45° I’.; Jan. 21, 1885; station 2352, Alba- tross; 1 female (9541). Localities recorded.— Off Frederickstadt, St. Croix Island, 451 fathoms (A. M. E.). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 91 Off St. Lucia, 423 fathoms (A. M. E.). South of Pernambuco, lat. 9° 5’ to 10’ S.; long. 34° 49’ to 53’ W., between 300 and 400 fathoms (Miers). Genus PILUMNOPLAX Stimpson. Pilumnoplax Stimpson, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, 1858, p. 93; type, P. sulcatifrons Stimpson.—ALcock, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 311. Carapace hexagonal, more or less depressed, a little broader than long, regions often faintly indicated. Fronto-orbital border two- thirds, or more, the greatest breadth of the carapace; the toothed antero-lateral borders are slightly arched or oblique. Front straight, rather prominent, more or less confluent with the supra-orbital angles, often notched or grooved in the middle line. Supra-orbital border often with two fissures. The antennal flagel- lum, which is of good length, stands in the orbital hiatus. The anten- nules fold transversely or nearly so. Buccal cavity widening a little anteriorly, almost closed by the maxillipeds. Chelipeds more massive than the legs, which are slender, their dactyli compressed. Abdomen in the female and commonly in the male seven-jointed ; in the male the third segment covers the whole width of the sternum. Tropical and South Atlantic (deep sea), Arabian Sea (deep), Japan, Hawaiian Islands, Fiji. KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PILUMNOPLAX. A‘, Carapace flat, regions scarcely indicated. No segments of male abdomen AG ee ee ee americana, p. 21. A?. Carapace convex in an antero-posterior direction, regions defined. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of male abdomen fusede 22a a se elata, p. 23. PILUMNOPLAX AMERICANA Rathbun. Pilumnoplax americanus RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 283, pl. 7, figs. 1 and 2 (type-locality, off Georgia, 440 fathoms; male holotype, Cat. No. 19652, U.S.N.M.). Pilumnoplaz sinclairi ALcocKk and ANDERSON, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 3, 1899, p. 11 (type-locality, Travancore coast, 430 fathoms; type in Indian Mus.).—Atcocx, Deep-Sea Brachyura Investigator, 1899, p. 74, pl. 3, figs. 1—-1a. Pilumnoplar americana ALcocK, Deep-Sea Brachyura Investigator, 1899, p. $82; Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 311. Diagnosis—Carapace flat, regions scarcely indicated; edge of front bimarginate. Wrist armed with 2 teeth. Segments of male abdomen free. Description —Carapace a little more than three-fourths as long as broad, very finely granulate, naked, regions fairly indicated. Front 22 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. as seen from above faintly notched, the truncate lobes sloping slightly backward from the middle; edge turned vertically down and deeply grooved from side to side. Fic, 5.—PILUMNOPLAX AMERICANA, MALE, STATION 62, DORSAL VIEW, X 14. Antero-lateral border much shorter than the postero-lateral, thin and sharp and cut into four teeth, the first of which is lobiform and fused with the obtuse orbital tooth, the next two acute, the last one minute. Eyes stout. Margin of orbit fissured above near the middle, deeply excavate above and below near the outer angle; inner lower angle dentiform and moderately prominent. Chelipeds very unequal in both sexes, surface finely frosted, inner angle of wrist strongly prominent, with two acute teeth. Legs narrow, unarmed, Pee above, very sparingly hairy; third pair the longest. Measurements.—Male (46184), length of carapace 12, width of same 15.7 mm. Female, length yy¢, ¢—pinomxortax AMERICANA, MALE, STA- of carapace 18, width of same ‘ION 62, ANTERIOR PORTION OF CARAPACE, 16-51. (Alcock). VIEWED FROM BEFORE, X 33. Range-—Off Georgia and the Florida ma Arabian Sea. 70 to 440 fathoms. Material examined.— Off Georgia; lat. 30° 44’ 00’ N.; long. 79° 26’ 00” W.; 440 fathoms; Co. crs. 8. Sh. For.; temp. 45.6° F.; Apr. 1, 1885; station 2415, Albatross; 1 male holotype (19652) ; 2 males, 3 females (19653). Off Sand Key, Florida; Sand Key Light bearing N. about 6 miles; 116 fathoms; June 19, 1893; station 28, State Univ. Iowa Exped.; 1 male (Mus. S. U.I.). Off American Shoal, Florida; State Univ. Iowa Exped.: American Shoal Light bearing N. by W., 10 miles; about 100 fathoms; June 27, Nee Tee THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 23 1893; station 51; 1 male (Mus. S. U. I.).. American Shoal Light bearing N. by W. 4 W. about 10 miles; 105-110 fathoms; June 27, 1893; station 52; 1 male (20027) ; 2 males (Mus. S. U. I.). American Shoal Light bearing NE. by N., 8 miles; 70-80 fathoms; June 29, 1893; station 62; 1 male (Mus. S. U. I.). Pourtales Plateau; lat. 24° 16’ 00’ N.; long. 81° 22’ 00” W.; about 200 fathoms; June 27, 1893; station 56, State Univ. Iowa Exped.; 1 male (Mus. S. U. I.). Gulf Stream, off Key West, Florida; lat. 24° 18’ 37’’ N.; long. 81° 36’ 50” W.; 127 fathoms; rky.; temp. 58° F.; Mar. 4, 1902; station 7301, Fish Hawk; 2 males (46184). PILUMNOPLAX ELATA (A. Milne Edwards). Plate 3. Eucratoplaz elata A, Mine Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zod@l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 18 (type-locality, West Florida, 13 fathoms; holotype female in Paris Mus.). Eucratoplaz elata ? RaruHBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Lowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 281. Diagnosis—Carapace convex, regions defined; edge of front thin. Wrist armed with one spine or tooth. Third, fourth, and fifth seg- ments of male abdomen fused. Description of male.—Carapace subquadrate, convex, punctate, granulate on the branchial, hepatic, and intestinal regions; regions well marked. Front deflexed, about two-fifths the width of the cara- pace; margin thin, divided into two very slightly convex, entire lobes. Orbit nearly as wide as half the front, with two short, closed fissures above and a large outer notch; edge granulate; outer angle obtuse, not prominent; upper margin nearly transverse. Antero-lateral margin shorter than the postero-lateral. Lateral teeth four besides the orbital; the first small, triangular; the second the broadest; the third the longest and most prominent, acuminate; the fourth postero-lateral and minute. Chelipeds unequal, granulate; merus trigonal, thick, upper margin with a spine one-third the distance from the proximal end. Carpus with an anterior groove and sharp inner spine. Granulation of the smaller propodus coarser than that of the larger; in both there is a tendency to form longitudinal ridges. There is a broad truncate tooth on the propodus at the base of the dactylus in both chelae; in the larger, the dactylus has a large basal tooth; both fingers deeply grooved; immovable finger with a granulate ridge above the lower margin; dactylus with proximal portion of upper surface granu- late. The brown color of the dactylus does not extend quite to the manus; the color of the pollex is even less extensive. Fingers not gaping. 94 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ambulatory legs slender; superior margin of meral, carpal, and propodal joints minutely spinulous. Second segment of abdomen much narrower than the first and third, exposing the sternum; third segment with angular margins; third, fourth, and fifth segments coalesced; terminal segment with extremity rounded; proximal margin concave. Surface of abdo- men smooth, of sternum granulate. Description of female.—The postero-lateral margins are less con- vergent and the lateral teeth are three in number besides the post- orbital tooth. The tooth corresponding to the first one in the male is obsolete; the next two are large and less outstanding than in the male; last tooth larger in female than in male. Chelipeds less unequal in female than in male. Growth variation—In the young, the first and last of the four lateral teeth of the carapace are obsolete. The merus of the cheliped bears a denticulated elevation instead of a spine, as in the adult. Measurements—Male (11407), length of carapace 7.6, width of same 10.5, width of front 4.1mm. Female (19880), length of cara- pace 8.1, width of same 10.2, width of front 3.7 mm. Range.—East and west Florida; 13 to 193 fathoms. Material examined.— Southwest of Cape San Blas, Florida; Albatross: Lat. 28° 41’ 00’ N.; long. 86° 07’ 00’ W.; 169 fathoms; gy. M.; Mar. 14, 1885; station 2400, 1 female (19879). Lat. 28° 38’ 30” N.; long. 85° 52’ 30’ W.; 142 fathoms; gn. M. brk. Sh.; Mar. 14, 1885; station 2401; 1 female (19880). Lat. 28° 36’ 00” N.; long. 85° 33” 30” W.; 111 fathoms; gy. M.; Mar. 14, 1885; station 2402; 1 y. (19881). Off Sand Key, Florida; Sand Key Light bearing NW. by N., Key West Light N. 4 E.; 50-60 fathoms; June 19, 1893; station 27, State Univ. Iowa Exped.; 1 male y. (Mus. S. U. L.). Off Cape Florida; lat. 25° 40’ 00’” N.; long. 80° 00’ 00” W.; 193 fathoms; gy. S.; temp. 48.4° F.; Apr. 9, 1886; station 2644, Alba- tross; 1 male (11407). Subfamily GONEPLACINAE Miers. Gonoplacinae Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 287.—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, pp. 286, 293, and 316. The anterior border of the subquadrate carapace is entirely occu- pied by the square-cut front and orbits, the front being either narrow or of fair breadth, and the orbits being long, narrow trenches for the elongate eyestalks. In other respects similar to the Carcino- placinae. Represented in America by the genus Goneplaz. es eee eA CF THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 25 Genus GONEPLAX Leach. Goneplax LEacH, Edinburgh Encyec., vol. 7, 1814. pp. 393 and 4386; type, Ocypode bispinosa Lamarck, 1801—Cancer rhonboides Linnaeus, 1758 (on p. 393, spelled ‘‘ Goneplat”’ by typographical error); Trans, Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, 1815, pp. 809 and 323; Nouv. Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 13, 1817, p. 295. Gonoplax LracH, Encye. Brit., Suppl. to 4th, 5th, and 6th ed., vol. 1, 1816, p. 418; Malac. Pod. Brit., 1816, pl. 18, and explanation of plate. Frevillca A, MILng Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 15; type, /. barbata A. Milne Edwards. Carapace subquadrilateral, with the antero-lateral angles acute and the lateral borders posteriorly convergent, a good deal broader than long, moderately convex, regions faintly indicated. The front and orbits occupy the whole anterior border of the carapace; front square cut, laminar, obliquely deflexed, occupying from a fourth to a third of the anterior border of the carapace, the rest being occupied by the trenchlike orbits. Kyestalks typically long and slender, but sometimes strongly en- larged at the cornea; the antennules fold transversely; the antennae have a short basal joint and a slender flagellum of good length, stand- ing in the orbital hiatus. Buccal cavity square or anteriorly widened, well separated from the prominent epistome; efferent branchial channels not well defined. The merus of the outer maxillipeds is square and bears the palp at the antero-internal angle. Chelipeds in both sexes much more massive than the legs, which are long and slender. The abdomen in both sexes consists of 7 separate segments; in the male the third segment either covers or nearly covers the sternum between the last pair of legs. Distributed along the east coast of America from Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro; in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean; and in the Indo-Pacific from the Persian Gulf to Japan. KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS GONEPLAX, kt Carapace with 2 lateral teeth or spines. B*. Sides of carapace strongly convergent posteriorly. C*. Notch in upper margin of orbit. Oblique ridge on branchial region. barbata, p. 26. C*. No notch in upper margin of orbit. No oblique ridge on branchial TLC LODE SERGI ea SBE SI PE sigsbei, p. 26. B’. Sides of carapace almost parallel. Cc. A tuberculiform swelling on margin of carapace between exorbital tooth andenex th wlaterals tooth eet sere eee ee a eT FOSaCG, P. 20. C*. No tuberculiform swelling on margin of carapace between exorbital tooth andenextalateral tooth sae ee hirsuta, p. 28. 4*, Carapace with 3 lateral teeth or spines___________________ tridentata, p. 29. 26 - BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. GONEPLAX BARBATA (A. Milne Edwards). Plate 4, figs. 1 and 3; plate 5. ; Frevillea barbata A. Mizne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zod6l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 15 (type-locality, lat. 23° 18’ N.; long. 89° 16’ W., 84 fathoms, station 86, Blake; type in Paris Mus.). Frevillea barbata ? Ratubun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Lowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 287. Diagnosis.—Two lateral spines. Orbital spine long. A spine on arm and wrist. A patch of hair on distal part of wrist and proximal part of palm. Description.—Carapace somewhat uneven, smooth, an oblique ridge on the branchial region opposite the lateral spine. Orbital spine long, projecting lateraily; next spine very small. Margin of front sinuous, a slight point at the middle. A notch in the upper margin of the orbit at its inner angle. On the posterior border of the merus of the cheliped and distal to the middle there is a curved spine, which when the arm is flexed fits directly under the small lateral spine. A prominent curved spine at the inner angle of the carpus. Fingers nearly equal in size. A patch of very fine, thick, light yellow hair on the distal part of the wrist and the proximal part of the palm. The first segment of the male abdomen is very short, scarcely visible; second very wide reaching the coxal joints and covering the sternum; third segment at its base equal in width to second. Measurements—Male, Grenada, length of carapace, 7; fronto- orbital width, 10.7; posterior width, 5.8; lateral margin 5.5 mm. Range.—Gulf of Mexico to Grenada, West Indies. Material ecamined.— Gulf of Mexico: 8. of Apalachicola, Florida; lat. 28° 45’ 00’ N.; long. 85° 02’ 00’’ W.; 30 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Co.; Mar. 15, 1885; station 2405, Albatross; 1 male (46309). Off Havana, Cuba; 1893; State Univ. Iowa Exped.; 1 young male GMins..S. U..1.). Off Grenada; lat. 12° 01’ 45’” N.; long. 61° 47’ 25’” W.; 92 fathoms; fne. S.; Mar. 1, 1879; station 262, Blake; 1 male (Cat. No. 4116, M. C. Z.). Other records.—Yucatan Channel; lat. 23° 13’ 00’ N.; long. 89° 16’ 00’ W.; 84 fathoms; temp. 60° F.; station 36, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake; male holotype (Paris Mus.). GONEPLAX SIGSBEI (A. Milne Edwards). Plate 4, figs. 2 and 4. Frevillea sigsbei A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 8, 1880, p. 16 (type-locality, Grenada, 92 fathoms, station 253, Blake; holo- type in Paris Mus.). ; THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 27 Diagnosis.—Two lateral spines. Orbital spine not long. | 3 J a = carapace very broad, coarsely granulate; re- : ng gions fairly well marked. Antero-lateral mar- = eee gin cut by broad V-shaped notches into four 5 € Bae well-marked teeth. Front one-fourth as wide el as carapace, having a deep median furrow; = = | P8as edge bilobed, lobes arcuate. Eyestalks distally eee. ARS slender, corneae somewhat enlarged. a | 4 | +338 Chelipeds unequal, broad, nearly smooth; a pt 38s tooth on upper edge of arm and inner edge of | 3 | > Sa8 wrist; palm high, upper margin granulate; fin- | |e Hea gers narrowly gaping, inner margins irregu- h bit larly dentate; upper margin of dactylus granu- dfs late, immovable finger with a raised, granulate BSE ridge just above lower edge. Ses | Measurements. — Male holotype, length of B ae | carapace 12, width of same 17.6 mm. g Sen | Range.—Known only from the type-speci- si 358 men, from the oyster beds of Matapalo (near eee Capon), Peru; Jan. 23, 1908; R. E. Coker; 5 #5 1 male, received from the Peruvian Government BEE (40469). 42 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SPEOCARCINUS CALIFORNIENSIS (Lockington). Plate 10, figs. 2 and 3. Eucrate? californiensis Locxtncton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 187G (1877). p. 33 (type-locality, San Diego; type not extant). Speocarcinus californiensis RatHpun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 190, pl. 9, fig. 1. Diagnosis.—Eyestalks tapering. Antero-lateral teeth 3. Cheli- peds nearly smooth. Description—Regions deeply limited, surface smooth and punc- tate, lateral margins granulate. Antero-lateral margin upturned, tridentate, last tooth acute. Postero-lateral margins slightly con- verging behind. Front with straight edge, slightly emarginate, more than one-fourth width of carapace. Eyestalk flat above, and tapering to the tip, longer than in granulimanus. Antero-external angle of merus of maxilliped not produced outwardly, but the outer margin is thickened, somewhat revolute. Chelipeds nearly smooth except on the margins, which are granulous. Merus and carpus each with a stout tooth. Dac- tylus of larger chela without a strong Fia. 16. — SrPEOCARCINUS CALIFORNIENSIS, MALE (32966). a, OUTER MAXILLIPED, DOTTED LINE MARKING MEDIAN basal tooth. Legs AXIS, X 43; b, ABDOMEN AND PART OF STERNUM, X 23. frineed with hair > € e Measurements—Male (45581), length of carapace 16, width of same 22.6 mm. 3 Range.—San Pedro to San Diego, California. Material examined.— San Pedro: H. N. Lowe; 1 male (19731); 1 male (82966). West Basin; Venice Marine Biol. Station; 1 male (45581). Alamitos Bay; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (19731). Genus PSEUDORHOMBILA Milne Edwards. Pseudorhombila Mitnr Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 58; type, P,. quadridentata (Uatreille). Carapace thick, much broader than long, convex fore and aft, very slightly so from side to side; regions partially indicated. Fronto-orbital border about half the width of the carapace. Antero-lateral borders arched, dentate. Front rather square-cut, notched in the middle, between one-third and one-fourth the width of the carapace. Orbit with two sutures above. Basal antennal Tee Se ne ee ; THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 43 joint short, the flagellum standing in the orbital hiatus. The anten- nules fold transversely. Buccal cavern widening anteriorly; the outer angle of the merus of the maxillipeds is prominent. Chelipeds unequal, much more massive than the legs. Legs nar- row, dactyli styliform. In the male the third to fifth segments of the abdomen are fused, and the third segment does not reach the coxae of the last pair of legs. Locality of type-species un- known. PSEUDORHOMBILA OCTODENTATA Rathbun. Plate 14, fig. 3. Pseudorhombila octodentata Ratueun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 19, 1906, p. 91 (type-locality, Domin- ica; holotype male, Cat. No. 82690, U.S.N.M.). Fic. 17.—PSEUDORMOMBILA OCTODENTATA, MALE . ) HOLOTYPE. a, RIGHT CHELA, OUTER VIEW, Diagnosis. — Antero - lateral X 1; b, ABDOMEN, PART OF STERNUM, AND mareins arcuate. Wrist sub-. C%* 0% AST LEG, x 38- rectangular. Abdomen of male with third to fifth segments fused and not covering the sternum at the third segment. Description.—Carapace very convex fore and aft, regions indis- tinctly defined, surface closely set with flattened granules. Front subtruncate, a V-shaped median notch, a rounded lobe at outer angle. Antero-lateral teeth four (orbital angle excluded) ; the first small, separated from the orbit by a long, straight interval; second tooth widest; third and fourth most acute, the third the larger; the fourth the most projecting. Chelipeds (the right one at least) strong, covered with fine reticu- lated granulation; merus project- ing little beyond the body, a strong Fic. 18.—PSEUDORHOMBILA OCTODENTATA, subterminal tooth above; carpe MALE WOLOTYPE, OUTER MANXILLIPEDS, subquadrate, with a conspicuous ey ete uhh tooth at inner angle, and the outer- most portion tuberculate; palm nearly twice as long as high, widen- ing distally; dactylus as long as palm; both fingers strongly deflexed, not gaping, tips curved and overlapping. Ambulatory legs long and narrow; meral joints granulate above and below, carpal joints above; some small superior spines on the merus. Dactyli with two fringes of long hair. 44 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The second segment of the abdomen leaves exposed a large piece of the sternum on either side; third to fifth segments fused. In the female there are only two antero-lateral teeth, and the merus of the legs is not spined above but granulous. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace, 33.3; width of same, 46.1; fronto-orbital width, 24.7; width of front, 12.9; length of propodus of right cheliped 39; length of merus of third ambulatory leg, 26.5 mm. Range——Dominica; Martinique. To 100 fathoms. Material examined.— Soufriere Bay, Dominica; 100 fathoms; A. H. Verrill; 1 male holo- type (82690). Martinique; 1 male, 2 females (Paris Mus.). Genus OEDIPLAX Rathbun. @diplaz Raturun, Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 241; type, O. granulatus Rathbun. % Nearly related to Pseudorhombila, but more xanthoid in aspect, the antero-lateral margin being longer and the posterior convergence Fic. 19.—OEDIPLAX GRANULATA, FEMALE HOLOTYPE. @, ANTENNAL AND BUCCAL REGION. X 22; 0, RIGHT CHELA, OUTER VIEW, X 13. greater, and the wrist not obliquely quadrilateral. The regions are well separated, the front is less than one-fourth as wide as the cara- pace, and the buccal cavern does not widen anteriorly. The male is not known, but it is probable that, as in the female, the third seg- ment of the abdomen does not cover the sternum between the last pair of legs. Only the type species is known. OEDIPLAX GRANULATA Rathbun. Plate 13, figs. 1 and 2. Q@diplax granulatus Ratunun, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 242 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 833 fathoms; holotype female, Cat. No. 17465, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis—Antero-lateral margins strongly dentate. Wrist not subrectangular. Abdomen of male not covering sternum at third segment. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 45 Description.—Surface coarsely granulate, regions well marked. The fronto-orbital distance is a little less than half the width of the carapace. The front has a large median notch, the two lobes are sinuous, with a distinct but nonprojecting outer tooth. The orbits trend distinctly forward and outward, their inner upper angle is separated by a furrow from the front, the lower angle is acute and prominent, there are two upper fissures and a large V-shaped sinus below the dentiform outer angle. The arcuate antero-lateral margin is upturned and is armed with four strong denticulated teeth, the first of which is the smallest and rather distant from the orbit; below this sinus is a stout subhepatic spinule. Carapace widest at the last tooth. Chelipeds of female moderately unequal, rough, with large sharp granules arranged partly in rows. A subdistal spine on upper border _ of merus; a stout inner carpal spine, with a small spine below it. Dactyl granulate above for half its length, fingers narrowly gaping in the large claw, a low, stout tooth at base of dactylus. Legs hairy; merus joints spinulous above. Dimensions.—Female holotype, length of carapace 32.5, width of same 46 mm. Material examined —Gulf of California; off Consag Rock, Lower California; lat. 31° 06’ 45’ N.; long. 114° 28’ 15’” W.; 33 fathoms; bn. M.; temp. 63.8° F.; Mar. 27, 1889; station 3031, Albatross; 2 females (1 is holotype) (17465). Genus CYRTOPLAX Rathbun. Cyrtoplax RatHBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 118; type, C. spinidentata (Benedict). Carapace much broader than long, convex longitudinally and transversely. Regions well marked. Antero-lateral margins arcu- ate, dentate; postero-lateral converging. Fronto-orbital width three- fifths of width of carapace. Front advanced, lobes convex, sepa- rated only by a furrow from the orbital margin. Eyes rather slen- der. “Basal antennal joint rather broad, inner angle just touching the front; flagellum standing in the orbital hiatus. Buccal cavity widen- ing distally. Maxillipeds gaping; merus broader than long. Chelipeds stout, unequal; wrists subtriangular in dorsal aspect, bispinose; palms high, finger strongly deflexed. Legs long and slen- der; dactylus of last pair recurved. Neither the first nor the third abdominal segment in the male covers ‘the sternum; the third to the fifth segments are fused. Contains only one species. 46 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CYRTOPLAX SPINIDENTATA (Benedict). Plate 11. Eucratoplaz spinidentata Benepict, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire, No, 11, 1892, p. 77 (type-locality, Jamaica; holotype male, Cat. No. 17219, U.S.N.M.). Eucratopsis spinidentata RatHeun, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2, 1901, p. 11. Cyrtoplux spinideniata Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 119, pl. 2. Diagnosis—Hexagonal, very broad. Eyes narrowing distally. Wrist two-spined. Buccal cavity widening anteriorly. Legs slender. Third abdominal segment narrower than the sternum. Description——Carapace more convex longitudinally than trans- versely; lateral teeth upturned. Front between a third and a fourth of the width of the earapace, deflexed, lobes slightly convex, median notch V-shaped. The orbits trend forward and outward, and there is a shallow lobe between the two upper fissures; below the blunt outer angle, a large sinus; the feeble inner tooth is situated be- low the middle of the eyestalk which is narrow except at the base and fits snugly in the orbit. Of the five antero-lateral teeth, the second is lobiform and separated from the orbital angle by a shallow Fic. 20.—Cyrroriax sPrswentaTa, Mate sinus; third tooth more or less ra abrnoxwiariOs, XH ae er unente; fourth and fifth ame form, subequal; carapace widest at the last tooth. Postero-lateral margins moderately convergent. Arm provided with a strong superior subterminal tooth. Wrist with a deep sulcus parallel to the margin next the palm, and two stout spines at the inner angle, one below the other, the upper one the longer. The palms are convex above and below, and the upper margin is granulate. The fingers are slender, much deflexed and curved inward; the dactyli are granulate above at the proximal end; the fingers are irregularly toothed along their prehensile edges which gape narrowly. The meral and carpal joints of the legs are hairy along the anterior margins, the propodi along both margins; the dactyli have four fringes of hair. The first segment of the male abdomen is wider at its proximal than at its distal end, where it is the same width as the second seg- ment; the third segment forms narrow but obtuse angles at its widest part. ar Ee a BHE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 47 Dimensions.—Male holotype, length of carapace, 14.6; width of same, 21 mm. Range.—West Indies. Material examined.— Jamaica: Kingston Harbor; T. H. Morgan; 1 male holotype ' (17219). Montego Bay; from sponges and algae in brackish pond; July 2, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 female ovig. (42935). Porto Rico; Fish Hawk: Porto Real; Jan. 26, 1899; 1 male, 3 females (24554). Boqueron Bay; Jan. 27, 1899; 1 male, 2 females (24555). St. Thomas; 1872; Krebs, coll.; 1 specimen (Copenhagen Mus.). Trinidad; Jan. 80 to Feb. 2, 1884; Albatross; 2 males (7637). Monos Island, Trinidad; Jan. 30 to Feb. 2, 1884; Albatross; 1 male (19651). Genus PANOPLAX Stimpson. Panoplag Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 151; type, P. depressa Stimpson. Carapace arcuate anteriorly, quadrate posteriorly; depressed, much broader than long, regions distinct. Fronto-orbital width about two-thirds of the entire width. Frontal lobes conrex, well separated from the orbital angles. Antero-lateral margin dentate. Eyes of moderate size. Basal antennal joint just touching the front, flagel- lum standing in the orbital hiatus. Antennules transverse. Buccal cavity with sides parallel. Merus of maxillipeds broader than long. Chelipeds stout, unequal; wrists obliquely subquadrate; palms high. The third to fifth segments of the abdomen of the male are fused, the third does not reach the coxae of the last pair of legs, while the first covers the whole width of the sternum. Inclines toward those xanthoid genera of which Panopeus is the type. Contains but one species. PANOPLAX DEPRESSA Stimpson. Plate 12, figs. 1 and 2. Panoplaz depressa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 151 (type-localities, East and Middle Keys, Tortugas, 5 to 7 fathoms; type not extant). Diagnosis.—Carapace depressed. Fronto-orbital width about two-thirds of entire width. Abdomen of male with third to fifth serments fused and not covering sternum at third segment. Description.—Carapace depressed, anterior third inclined down- ward, regions fairly well marked, surface finely punctate, granulate along the lateral teeth; two oblique epigastric lobes. Front with two rounded lobes. Superior orbital margin with two notches; orbit 48 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL ‘MUSEUM. as wide as each frontal lobe. Lateral teeth five, including orbital; the second shallow, separated from the first by a shallow sinus; the third large, blunt, outer margin very arcuate; fourth triangular, with a spiniform tip; carapace widest at this point; fifth tooth very small, not projecting beyond the general outline. Postero-lateral margins moderately converging behind. Merus and carpus of chelipeds granulate toward the margins; merus dentate on upper margin; carpus oblong, with a stout blunt tooth at the inner angle and a few tubercles below it; an anterior transverse groove. Hands smooth and rounded, punctate; fingers dark brown, color not extending to palm; prehensile teeth broad, low, a large one at base of dactylus; no gape. In the female the b Fic. 21.—PANOPLAX DEPRESSA, MALE (25624). a, OUTER MAX- ILLIPED, X93; 0, ABDOMEN AND PART OF STERNUM, X G. upper surface of the manus is flattened, with traces of two longi- tudinal carinae and an intermediate furrow. Merus joints of legs roughened on anterior margins, following joints hairy. Measurements—Male (25624), length of carapace 8.6, width of same 13.5 mm. Range.—West coast of Florida to Yucatan Channel and Porto Rico. Toa depth of 28 fathoms. Material examined.—See page 49. Genus GLYPTOPLAX Smith. Glyptoplax SmirnH, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 164; type, G. pugnagr Smith. Carapace narrow, hexagonal, xanthoid in form, deeply areolated. Front prominent, well separated from the orbital angle. Lateral margin 4- to 5-dentate. Orbits and antennae much as in Panoplaz.. 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Chelipeds short and stout. Dorsal aspect of carpus subtriangular. Manus more or less crested above, the upper proximal angle often very prominent. Legs slender and smooth. First segment of abdomen covers the sternum; the second is much shorter, exposing the sternum; the third does not reach the coxae of the fifth pair of legs; third, fourth and fifth segments coalesced. Restricted to America. Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: smithii (Atlantic); pugnax (Pacific). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS GLYPTOPLAX. A’. Lateral margin with five teeth, orbital angle included______-_ pugnaa, p. 50. A®, Lateral margin with four teeth, orbital angle included_______smithii, p. 51 GLYPTOPLAX PUGNAX Smith. Plate 158, figs. 1-6. Glyptoplaxy pugnax SmitH, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 165 (type-locality, Panama; type in P.M.Y.U.).—A. MILNE Epwakrgps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 335, pl. 61, figs. 5—5f. Diagnosis.—F ive side teeth, the last one large. No lobe on upper edge of palm. Description—Carapace slightly convex longitudinally, not at all transversely; thickly granulous. Mesogastric lobe separated from the prominent protogastric lobes. The epigastric lobes are slight ele- vations separated by a marked median sulcus. Hepatic region promi- nent, set off by deep sulci. Mesobranchial and metabranchial lobes separated by a very slight sulcus, while the anterior portion of the branchial region is divided into three lobules, one at the base of the epibranchial tooth, a large one just within this, and a small indis- tinct one next the gastro-cardiac sulcus. Front thin, horizontal, edge slightly convex, a small median notch. Inner angle of orbit a prominent tooth; two deep notches on upper border. Antero-lateral margins arcuate; the outer angle of the orbit projects only slightly beyond the second tooth and is separated from it by a slight sinus. In addition, there are three prominent triangu- lar teeth, of which the middle one is most prominent. Chelipeds slightly unequal, hands very large. Merus not project- ing beyond carapace. Carpus short, outer face granulous, a slight groove along the margin next the propodus, a tooth on inner margin, and a small tubercle near articulation of propodus. Hand com- pressed, very broad, and nearly smooth, lower edge rounded, upper edges lightly crested. Pollex very broad at base, much deflexed, lower 1Glyptoplar pusilla (Rathbun), 1899,—Micropanope pusilla A. Milne Edwards, 1880, I have placed in the Family Nanthidae. Material eramined of Glyptoplax smithii. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 51 6 a ES easement oO 2aess +TI~ NN ONO Nee ll ue at ee 9 ao & Oo oO a a ra 3 _ Oo oO = ° oO = a = ~~ 3 s 2D 3 4B 18 2B 1% 5 - eS 2 Ss i6d 3 AM~ one Qa ess Seo kg oo (Ss Ck ian g slay sion 2 shes s M* +n Sg lQte: a Pa Te two. IM Higsd SOC ue . ~~ rin © a ase ~ 3 & . - nooo = >8S4Sss = DAaDN=s ep ~maANcCS ° A © TBR ~ oooco . = NMOOCO a . . 1910 1900 ~ OA aA ret 3 4 o OAT ON MANNN ‘ A i rits’ wake Steen ss wate < Bei Ss 2 a NE EB sl Oeg.-a 8 SOS ° =5 + +e 4 oS 38 AP uw BS alles ge iis 2X: V9 + +d » ‘ . Sgiia Ha : 3:0 22.258 SaalQs ODORAO ee =| oo oO edge slightly marginate outside, tip slender, upturned. Dactylus long and slender, upper edge slightly crested, tip hooked by the tip of the propodus. Prehensile edges sharp, slightly dentate, not gaping, or very slightly so. Fin- gers black. Legs slender, minutely granulous. Dactyli clothed with very short hair, posterior pair considerably shorter than the others, propodi slightly hairy behind. Sexual variation.—The females are more convex than the males and the frent is less prominent and slightly defiexed. Measurements. — Male, Panama, length of carapace 8.6, width of same 12.1 mm. ( After Smith). Range.—Costa Rica; Panama (Smith). Material examined.— Punta Arenas, Costa Rica; specimens in Copenhagen Museum. GLYPTOPLAX SMITHII A. Miine Edwards. Plate 18, figs. 3 and 4; plate 158, figs. 7-10. Glyptoplax smithit A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 336, pl. 61, figs. 4-4d (type- locality, reefs west of Florida, 13 fathoms; type in M.C.Z.). Diagnosis.—Four side teeth, the last one small. A lobe on upper edge of palm. Description.—Closely related to the preced- ing. The carapace is slightly convex trans- versely, the lateral teeth upturned. The lobes of the front are truncated and slope a little backward and outward, except at the promi- nent and blunt outer angle. Lateral teeth four, the normal second tooth of the antero-lateral border being obsolete; the two teeth next the orbital are large, the first the larger, the sec- ond the most prominent; the last tooth is very small. The wrists are somewhat nodulous as well as granulous. On the proximal half of the upper surface of the palm there is a lobe pro- jecting inward. The immovable finger of the smaller propodus is slightly deflexed, but not 52 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. that of the larger; the latter has a large tooth at its base. Fingers light brown. Otherwise much as in G. pugnaz. Measurements.—Male (18269), length of carapace 4.8, width of same 5.7 mm. Range.—From Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Gulf of Mexico and Yucatan Channel; 13 to 30 fathoms. Material examined—See page 51. Genus EUCRATOPSIS Smith. Eucratopsis SmirH, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 48, Nov., 1869, p. 391; type, EE. crassimanus (Dana); Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1869, p. 35 (dated “August,” but issue destroyed by fire before distri- bution, and not reprinted until November). Eucratoplaz A. Mitne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 17; type, E. guttata A. Minne Enwarps=crassimenus (Dana). Carapace narrow, panopeoid; regions plainly marked. Fronto- orbital distance from three-fifths to two-thirds of the width of the carapace. Front prominent, separated by a furrow from the slight orbital angle. Eyes stout; the three fissures of the orbit distinct. Antero-lateral margin five-toothed, orbital tooth included; postero- lateral margins moderately convergent. The basal antennal joint- reaches a prolongation of the front; the flagellum stands in the orbital hiatus. The buceal cavity widens somewhat anteriorly; the merus of the maxillipeds is not much broader than long. Chelipeds very heavy, subequal; palms very high, their upper proximal angle protuberant. Legs narrow, the first and last pairs noticeably shorter than the others. The first segment of the male abdomen reaches across the sternum, the third segment does not; the latter is fused with the two following segments. Only the type-species included. EUCRATOPSIS CRASSIMANUS (Dana). Plate 12, fig. 3; plate 159, figs. 1 and 2. Hucrate crassimanus Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851 (1852). p. 248 (type-locality, Rio Janeiro?; Cat. No. 2332, U.S.N.M.) ; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 811; atlas, 1855, pl. 19, figs. 2a-2d. Eucratopsis crassimanus SmitH, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 48, 1869, p. 391; Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1869, p. 35. Eucratoplax guttata A. Mitne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 17 (type-locality, Sombrero; type in Paris Mus.). Diagnosis.—Carapace narrow, hexagonal; five antero-lateral teeth, including orbital tooth. Chelipeds very heavy. Abdomen of male not reaching the coxae of the last pair of legs. . THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 538 Description.—Carapace about three-fourths as long as broad, con- vex in both directions, antero-lateral teeth upturned. Regions deeply separated; a transverse granulate ridge on the hepatic and on the epibranchial regions; some granular prominences on the postero- lateral regions. Front prominent, two-sevenths as wide as the cara- pace, convex, a narrow median notch. The second lateral tooth is low and rounded and fused with the first tooth; the three last teeth are strong and prominent, the third the broadest, the fifth the most acute. The chelipeds are very stout; the merus is as high as it is long and has a stout subdistal spine above; the upper surface of the wrist is as broad as it is long, with a blunt, stumpy inner tooth, and a groove along the anterior margin; anterior outer angle pronounced. Palms a little un- equal, the lower portion of the outer surface flattened, upper aspect broad, sloping, the proximal angle of the upper margin forming a prominent lobe; the lower margin of the pro- podus is lightly sinuous, the pollex very broad at its base and tapering rapidly to the tip; dactylus much bent down; both digits irregu- larly toothed, leaving a narrow gape when closed. Measurements. — Male holotype, length of carapace 21.4, width of same 27.9 mm. fs ates : Fic. 22.—EUCRATOPSIS Variations—The type is much larger than — crassimanus, FreMaLy, any other specimens examined; half-grown = (17801), OUTER Max- : : ; ILLIPED, X 8. specimens have a wider and less prominent front, and a smoother carapace which is wider in its posterior part. Range.—F rom west coast of Florida to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Shallow water to 74 fathoms. Material eramined.— Marco, Florida; H. Hemphill; 1 female ovig. (17801); 1 female (18273). West Channel, entrance to Key West; Feb. 13, 1902; Fish Hawk: Beacon 2 to Sand Key Light, 48° 20’ 00’ to Key West Light, 77° 07’ 00’’; 74 fathoms; Co. S.; temp. 20.2° C.; station 7272; 2 males, 1 female ovig. (45952). Beacon 2 to Sand Key Light, 40° 11’ 00’ to Key West Light, 119° 47’ 00’; 74 fathoms; Co. S. br. Sh.; temp. 20.2° C.; station 7273; 4 males, 6 females (3 ovig.) (45950). Key West Light to N. W. Passage Light, 67° 35’ 00’” to Beacon 3, 103° 20’ 00’’; 63 fathoms; Co. S. brk. Sh.; temp. 19.8° C.; station 7274; J male, 1 female ovig. (45949). Jamaica (P. W. Jarvis collection). 54 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Paqueta, Bay of Bahia, Brazil; 3-4 fathoms; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun; 1 female ovig. (16267). Rio de Janeiro?; U. S. Exploring Expedition; 2 males (1 is holo- type) (23382). Jurujuba Bay, Rio de Janeiro; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun; 1 male (16268). Other records.—Sombrero Key, Florida (A. M. Edw.) ; Port of Silam, Yucatan (Ives). Subfamily RHIZOPINAE Miers. Rhizopidae Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 10, 1858, p. 95 [41]. Rhizopinae Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 223.—A.Lcock, Journ, Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, pp. 287, 298, and 318. Kyestalks often fixed, corneae small or obsolete; the lower border of the orbit has a tendency to run downwards toward the epistome. The carapace usually has its antero-lateral corners cut away and rounded off; the front may be square-cut and broad, or narrow and more or less distinctly bilobed and deflexed. The antennules may be of fair size and transversely folded, but more often, owing to the narrowness of the front, they are cramped and fold obliquely; sometimes they can not be folded in their fossae at all. Antennal flagella usually short. The epistome may either be well defined and prominent, or ill defined and sunken. The buccal cavern may be squarish, but often diminished in breadth anteriorly; the external maxillipeds have a square or suboval merus and may completely close the buccal cavern, or there may be a gap between them. The male abdomen does not nearly cover the space between the last pair of legs. Male openings sternal. Only one genus, and that atypical, is found in American waters: Genus CHASMOCARCINUS Rathbun. Chasmocarcinus RatHBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Lowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 284; type, C. typicus Rathbun. Carapace thick, broadest posteriorly, tapering anteriorly to the orbit and without lateral teeth. Fronto-orbital margin about half the width of the carapace. Front narrow, bifid. Orbits small, deep, outer angle not prominent. Eyestalks small, tapering, movable. The antennular cavities are entirely filled by the large basal joint. The basal joint of the antennae is short and does not nearly reach the front; flagellum of fair length. Inner orbital hiatus very bread. Epistome projecting below the maxillipeds. Buccal cavity with parallel sides. Maxillipeds standing wide apart, the merns as long as broad, suboval, shorter than the ischium. Chelipeds unequal, fin- ek See ee ae Ly THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 55 gers long and slender, third pair of legs longest, dactylus of last pair recurved. Abdomen of male much narrower at base than the sternum; third to fifth segments fused. Restricted to America and the Philippine Islands. Analagous species on opposite sides of the continent: typicus (Atlantic) ; /atipes (Pacific). KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHASMOCARCINDS. A‘, Orbits transverse in dorsal view. Carapace strongly narrowed anteriorly. typicus, p. 5d. A®. Orbits oblique in dorsal view. B‘. Orbits directed obliquely forward and outward. Merus joints of legs TOR GMs se tae oe A ee Se ee latipes, p. 57. B*. Orbits directed obliquely backward and outward. Merus joints of legs narrow. C’. Carapace narrow, not much broader than long_------_-__ obliquus. p. 58. C*. Carapace broad, much broader than long_-_----__-_-- cylindricus, p. 59. Vic. 23.—CHASMOCARCINUS TYPICUS, MALE HOLOTYPE. @, DORSAL VIEW, X 2; 0, AB- DUMEN AND STERNUM, FLATTENED, X 2. CHASMOCARCINUS TYPICUS Rathbun. Chasmocarcinus typicus RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 285, pl. 7, figs. 3-5 (type-locality, north of Trinidad, 81 to 34 fathoms, stations 2121 and 2122, Albatross; male holotype, Cat. No. 6901, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis—Orbits transverse. An antero-lateral marginal line. Sternum and abdomen granulate. Descripiion.—Carapace a little more than three-fourths as long as broad. Upper surface convex, rounding gradually downward into the nearly perpendicular lateral surfaces. Anterior third strongly deflexed. Lateral outline as seen from above convex and slightly emarginate at its middle where a sulcus arises which extends 56 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. obliquely downward and forward joining the inferior horizontal suture. The anterior half of the side margin is marked by a row of fine granules. Cardiac region and posterior part of gastric region well marked. Surface finely granulate. On the front there is a short shallow median sulcus, margin transverse, faintly bilobed, outer corners rounded, depressed. Orbits transverse; the orbital margin incloses two areas, a deep socket in which the eye fits closely, and a shallow outer and inferior area. Second and third joints of the antennules very long. Epistome rather deep. Chelipeds punctate, for the most part smooth. In the male the carpus has a tooth at the inner angle, blunt in the larger or right cheliped, acute in the smaller. Palms short and broad, lower margin very convex; fingers very long and slender, strongly bent downward; tips acute and bent toward each other. Dactylus of larger cheliped shorter than the pollex and very thick at base, as seen from above; prehensile margin tuberculate and very hairy. 2) Oe Prehensile margin of pollex denticulate and with ce VV eS a sinus at its base forming a slight gape. Fin- gers of smaller cheliped slightly bent, not at all gaping, prehensile edges very finely denticulate, with a larger tooth at the base of the dactylus. NJ The chelipeds of the female are more nearly Fic. 24.—Cnasmocar- equal than those of the male, the right or larger RG ourck ae resembling the left in character, the carpus ILLIPEDS, SHOWING aP- having a sharp spine and the fingers very slightly PROXIMATION, X 23. Z bent and not gaping. Ambulatory legs somewhat flattened, hairy; dactyli with a fringe of hair on opposite sides. Abdomen and sternum granulate. In the male the penultimate sternal segment has a supplementary overlying plate along its pos- terior margin; in the female the posterior segment overlaps con- siderably the preceding. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 7.5, width of same 9.8 mm. Range.—Off Trinidad and Cape Frio, Brazil. 31 to 59 fathoms. Material examined.— Off Trinidad; lat. 10° 37’ 40’” to 10° 37’ 00’ N.; long. 61° 42’ 40°” to 61° 44’ 22” W.; 31-384 fathoms; dk. slate-col. M.; temp. 67-78° F.; Feb. 3, 1884; stations 2121-2122, Albatross; 25 males and females (6901). Off Cape Frio, Brazil; lat. 23° 08’ 00’ S.; long. 41° 34’ 00’” W.; 59 fathoms; bu. M.; temp. 57.1° F-.; Dec. 30, 1887; station 2762, Alba- tross; 3 males, 1 female (22073). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 57 CHASMOCARCINUS LATIPES Rathbun. Chasmocarcinus latipes RaTHRun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 602, pl. 48, fig. 5 (type-locality, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico, 51 fathoms, station 2833, Albatross; holotype female, Cat. No. 21592, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Orbits directed obliquely forward and outward. An antero-lateral marginal line. Sternum and abdomen of female smooth and punctate. Ambulatory legs wide. Fic, 25.—CHASMOCARCINUS LATIPES, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, DORSAL VIEW, X 1j. Description.—Carapace two-thirds as long as broad. T'ronto- orbital distance less than one-half the width of the carapace. Sur- face covered with large punctae which tend to coalesce; granulate on the posterior half and toward the margins. Two very deep longi- tudinal impressed lines in the center of the carapace. A distinct, Fig. 26.—CHASMOCARCINUS LATIPES, FEMALE HOLOTYPE. @, OUTER MANILLIPEDS, IN PLACE, X 5; 6, ABDOMEN AND PART OF STERNUM, X 3. though blunt antero-lateral margin. Front very faintly emarginate. Eye not fitting closely in the orbit; upper margin of orbit concave, directed obliquely forward and outward.- Chelipeds similar to those of (. typicus. Carpus, however, nearly square, propodus less arched than in typicus, fingers tapering regu- 58 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, larly to the tips. A line of granules on lower margin of propodus. Margins of chelipeds fringed with hair. Legs shorter and broader than in C. typicus, hairy. Sternum and abdomen of female smooth, punctate. Color.—In alcohol the carapace is a bluish-gray, chelipeds pale pink, ventral side of crab and ambulatory legs rust-colored. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 12.5, width of same 17.8 mm. Material ecamined—WKnown only from the type-specimen from Magdalena Bay, Lower California; lat. 24° 38’ 00’ N.; long. 112° 17’ 30’ W.; 51 fathoms; gn. M.; May 2, 1888; station 2833, Str. Albatross; 1 female (21592). CHASMOCARCINUS OBLIQUUS Rathbun. Plate 14, figs. 1 and 2. Chasmocarcinus obliquus RatHBuUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Towa, vol. 4, 1898S, p. 286, pl. 7, fig. G (type-locality, southeast of Andros Island, Bahamas, 97 fathoms, station 2651, Allatross; holotype male, Cat. No. 20509, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis——Orbits directed obliquely backward and outward. Carapace very narrow; no antero-lateral marginal line. Sternum and abdomen smooth. Description.—Carapace narrow, nearly as long as broad, without distinct lateral margin. Surface smooth, finely and obscurely punc- tate. Median notch of front shallow. Superior margin of orbit a b Fic. 27.—CHASMOCARCINUS OBLIQUUS, MALE HOLOTYPE. a, RIGHT CHELA, OUTER VIEW, X 8; b, ABDOMEN AND PART OF STERNUM, X 14. directed obliquely backward and outward, outer end rounded, eye filling the orbit. Chelipeds nearly equal in the immature male. Lower margin of merus armed with spines; a long slender spine on carpus; fingers an ee ee es THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 59 | slightly deflexed, not gaping, prehensile ee So a ee 2 edges finely denticulate; dactylus of right 2 Sd ea ¢ chela with a strong basal tooth. ass s Legs slenderer, more cylindrical than in ieee 2.3 |, Gp, typecua; last: two joints fringed with g Lee long hair. 5 hte ce Sternum and abdomen smooth; an over- ca | See lying plate along posterior margin of fourth Bote ee sternal segment. g Ee es Measurements.—Male holotype, length of 2|/48 sss carapace 5.3, width of same 5.9 mm. °o | s2 Material examined.—Known only from BAe the type-specimen from southeast of Andros = | ies Soe Island, Bahamas, in Tongue of Ocean; lat. g i_______| 94° 02” 00’ N.; long. 77° 12’ 45” W.; 94 Eel 6 a 2 : fathoms; wh. Oz.; temp. 73.4° F.; Apr. 13, Pee) 8 Ss 1886; station 2651, Str. Albatross; 1 male S iB i (20509). 5 é x : f : CHASMOCARCINUS CYLINDRICUS Rathbun. S & i 2 z 9 Chasmocarcinus eylindricus RatHsun, Bull. = SemENT TUR U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2, 8 7 : 1901, p. 10, text-fig. 1 (type-locality, = g 8 ee Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico, 12 to 18 na a it ou: fathoms, station 6061, Fish Hawk; holo- x a = Q wi a type male, Cat. No. 23765, U.S.N.M.). = ae Bos | Diagnosis—Orbits directed obliquely for- | Sg arse ward and outward. Carapace broad, little S a | ogee narrowed in front; an antero-lateral margi- S = gue o nal line. Sternum and abdomen granulate. 3 i@ Bao Deseription—Carapace about two-thirds > a gee 2 as long as broad, but wider anteriorly than 2 | ig 3.8 & in C. latipes. Fronto-orbital width about eH ‘en boas | half width of carapace. Body subcylin- BAB ose | drical, almost level from side to side, the frontal portion more strongly deflexed than in the other species. Anterior half of lat- eral margin marked by a sharp granulated line. Sutures visible about cardiac region. Surface pubescent and granulate. Front a little wider than the orbit; margin sub- truncate, upper surface with a median de- pression, which in a dorsal view makes the margin appear bifid. Upper margin of orbit concave, directed obliquely outward and a little forward. eee Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico... aS Do ) Oeemee sccm keosl Do Montego Bay, Jamaica........- Locality. 60 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Right cheliped larger than left. Carpus with inner angle rounded, and without a tooth. Manus of larger cheliped about one-half wider than that of the smaller cheliped in the male, and much more Fic. 28.—CHASMOCARCINUS CYLINDRICUS, FEMALE (24551), DORSAL VIEW, X 23. swollen, its fingers gaping at base; in the female the hands are more nearly equal and the fingers do not gape. Legs narrow, fringed with hair. Penultimate sternal segment of male without a posterior supple- mentary plate. Fic. 29.—CHASMOCARCINUS CYLINDRICUS. @, RIGHT CHELA OF MALE HCLOTYPE, X 6; b, ABDOMEN AND STERNUM OF MALE HOLOTYPE, X 633; C, ABDOMEN OF FEMALE (24551), xX 63. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 4.6, width of same 6.5 mm. Female (24551), length of carapace 6.7, width of same 9.5 mm. Range.—Jamaica and Porto Rico; 7 to 172 fathoms. Material examined.—See page 59. —— THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 61 Family PINNOTHERIDAE Dana. Pinnotheridea pe Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, p. 5; 1835, p. 34 (part). Pinnotheridae Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 2, 1851, p. 289; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 878 (part). Pinnotherinae MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., ser. 3, vol. 18, 1852, p. 139 [103]; vol. 20, 1853, p. 216 [182]. Carapace often more or less membranaceous, antero-lateral mar- gins entire or very slightly dentate. Front, orbits and eyestalks very small, corneae sometimes obsolescent. Buccal cavity usually very wide, often semicircular in outline. The merus of external maxilli- peds, though often very large, is never quadrilateral, and never carries the palp distinctly at the antero-internal angle; ischium usu- ally small, sometimes absent or indistinguishably fused with the merus, in which case the merus lies with its long axis directed obliquely or almost transversely inwards; exognath small and more or less concealed. The interantennular septum, when distinguish- able, is a thin plate. Male abdomen very narrow. Male openings sternal. Small crabs, often living as commensals in bivalve mollusks, ascidians and worm tubes or on the outer surface of echinoids, and occasionally in gasteropod mollusks. Some are true parasites within the tests of echinoids, many are free-swimming, especially males. The American genera belong to the two largest subfamilies, the Pinnotherinae and the Pinnothereliinae (p. 127). Subfamily PINNOTHERINAE Milne Edwards. Pinnotherinae Mitxe Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., ser. 3, vol. 18, 1852, p. 139 [103], restricted. Ischium of external maxillipeds either rudimentary or indistin- guishably fused with the merus to form a single piece which is isually oblique, sometimes almost transverse. Palpus not so large as merus-ischium. Carapace usually not markedly transverse. KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY PINNOTHERINAE. A’. Dactyls of first 8 «ambulatory legs simple, not bifurcate. Palate with longitudinal ridges. Bt. Carapace suborbicular or subquadrate, not strikingly wider than long. Legs not successively diminishing in length from first to fourth. CG. Carapace without two longitudinal, impressed lines leading back from middle of upper margin of orbit. Female larger than male and _ usually RIGA Gite Oe 2 ee Pinnotheres, p. G2. C®. Carapace with 2 longitudinal, impressed lines leading back from middle of upper margin of orbit. Orbits ventral. Margin of front flush with antennular surface and not forming a projecting hood. Male ub- STONY TR Pas hr ee a ek ee ae Fabia, p. 101, B*. Carapace much broader than long, anterior margin nearly straight. Legs diminishing in length from first to last, last very small. Parapinniza, p. 107. 62 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. A?, Dactyls of first 3 ambulatory legs bifurcate. Talate without longitudinal ridges. Carapace subpentagonal_______________-- Dissodactylus, p. 114. Genus PINNOTHERES Latreille. Pinnotheres LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 3, an X [1801-2], p. 25; type, P. pisum (Linnaeus). Pinnothera Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 380. Cryptophrys RATHBRUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 250; type, C. concharum Rathbun. Arcotheres Nauck, in Btirger, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 8, 1895, p. 361; type, A. palaensis Biirger. Zaops RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 588; type, Z. depressa (Say). Pinnoteres ALcocK, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 337. Females larger than males. Young females similar to males. Carapace usually ill calcified in female, often calcified in male, generally convex with ill-defined edges; in shape transversely oval or circular or subquadrangular to suboctagonal, with rounded an- gles, sometimes longer than wide; generally surface smooth and regions not defined, occasionally surface uneven and regions indi- cated. Front narrow, generally deflexed in female, more often advanced in male. Orbits small in female, larger in male, circular or oval; eyestalks short. Antennules oblique. Antenne small, the minute flagellum standing in inner angle of orbit. Epistome well defined. Buccal cavity crescentic, arched and very broad from side to side, but very short fore and aft. The external maxillipeds completely close the cavity; they consist chiefly of the merus which is fused with the ischium to form a single large ob- liquely-directed joint carrying the flagellum at its inner end; palpus typically small, though sometimes large, even half as large as the merus; it consists usually of three segments, the dactylus most often inserted on the inner or flexor border of the propodite but sometimes attached to the distal end of the propodite; very exceptionally the palpus consists of only two segments, the dactylus being absent; exognath for the most part concealed. Chelipeds short, equal, and generally stouter than legs; legs of moderate length. Abdomen consisting usually of seven separate segments; in male narrow, in female often larger than the sternum. Habitat—Commensal in lamellibranch and sometimes in gastero- pod mollusks, in tunicates, annelids, and sea-urchins. Males ais free-swimming. Range.—Widely distributed in the shallow waters of ees and warm-temperate seas. Remarks.—Several species formerly placed in other genera are now ranged in Pinnotheres. Ostracotheres politus is found to have three segments to the palp of the outer maxilliped instead of two, e. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 63 which is the chief distinguishing character of Ostracotheres, even though it be an insuflicient one. At least one of the species of Oryptophrys in now known to have a three-jointed palp, while Zaops depressa, of which only the male is recorded, is perhaps no more atypical than some other males of Pinnotheres. KEY TO FEMALES OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PINNOTHERES. A’, Palpus of outer maxilliped small, not nearly half as large as merus. Bt. Dactylus of third leg not longer than that of other legs. Cc’. Carapace wider than long. D*. Legs of each pair (right and left) similar. E*. Dactyli of legs unequal, either the second or the fourth longer than the others. F*, Dactylus of second leg longest. G. Manus widest a little behind distal end. Carapace soft and yielding. H*. Dactylus of second leg nearly (about seven-eighths) as long TS PrODOOUS 22a ae be ee ee ee ostreum, p. G6. H?, Dactylus of second leg shorter, about two-thirds as long as propodus. Legs slenderer than in ostrewm__holmesi, p. 68. G*. Manus widest at distal end. H?. Carapace about one-fifth wider than long. Palm less than ENVECE LAS LOMO IS Wis 54 oe ein oo eS geddesi, p. TQ. H’. Carapace wider, one-third wider than long. Palm more than tyicelas) lone as widesic-2. = Sas eee angcelicus, p. 72. I’, Dactylus of fourth leg longest. G, Carapace suborbicular, front a little produced. Fourth leg longest, not notably slenderer than the others, pugettensis, p. 82. G*. Carapace transversely oblong, or subpentagonal. Fourth leg not longest, but notably slenderer than the others. politus, p. 71. EE”, Dactyli of legs subequal. I’, Carapace thin, soft. Dactyli of legs falcate. G?. Carapace considerably less than half again as wide as long. H’. Fourth leg strikingly narrower, feebler than the others, its propodus with subparallel margins. Legs thinly bearded ON MATSING Sees Wale a See ae coke tee serrei, p. S4. H?, Fourth leg narrower than the others, but not strikingly so. its propodus strongly narrowed distally. J. A large pit either side of middle. Posterior margin Straieht-5.2 2+ 2s ek ee ee barbatus, p. 88. J*. A longitudinal sulcus either side of middle. Posterior mar- ein - CONVERS 42 2 eee Se ee pubescens, p. S87. ; G’. Carapace half again as wide as long. Fourth leg much nar- rower. than: others._....=_._-...5...i-.____strombi, p. 90. B F*. Carapace completely calcified, hard_._----------- silvestrii, p. 91. r D*. Legs of second pair dissimilar; right propodus and dactylus much : JONSer Coan elise == seen ee ea nae margarita, p. 91, 64 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. C*. Carapace as long as, or longer than, wide. D*. Dactylus of fourth leg of different shape from the others; that is, al- most straight, except for a slender, curved, horny tip__moseri, p. 94. D*. Dactyli of all fegs similar, faleate. Size small. E*. No dorsal median groove on frontal region. Legs 1 and 4 sub- equal, shorter than 2 and 3, which are subequal. Two cardiac tubercles'side: by side-=2 22 2 hae ee eee taylori, p. 97. E?. A dorsal median groove on frontal region. Legs diminishing from SDE St YA a Fd Eo shoemakeri, p. 95. B®. Dactylus of third leg considerably longer than that of other legs. lithodomi, p. 73. A*,. Palpus of outer maxilliped large, nearly or quite half as large as merus. B*. Dactylus of outer maxilliped either oblong or subspatulate, less than two- thirds as long as propodus. C’. Carapace wider than long. D'. Carapace suborbicular, pubescent; front a little produced. maculatus, p. TA. D*. Carapace nearly square, with rounded corners, naked; front not pro- CU Ce Gees eae a Se ee Re A ee ee ee nudus, p. 83. C*. Carapace as long as, or longer than, wide. D*. Dactylus of fourth leg much longer than that of the other legs. reticulatus, p. 93. DE Dactylivot legs similar falentes=—2 ee concharum, p. 86. B®. Dactylus of outer maxilliped spatulate, two-thirds as long as propodus. C’. Hands short, bare. Carapace nearly one and a half times broader than MGI eRe Pe Sa ALS a WARE: RE OO Ne Se ae guerini, p. 101. C?, Hands elongate, strongly cilinted on lower margin__-_hirtimanus. p. 101, A®. Females not known_____-_ bipunciatus, p. TS; depressus, p. T9; orcutti, p. 985 muliniurum, p. $1; hemphiili, p. 99. KEY TO MALES OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PINNOTHERES. A’, Carapace wider than long. B'. Dactyl of last leg unlike the other three, being long and straight instead of ishort ‘and curvedisees 2-222 ee eee See eee margarita, p. 91, B®. Dactyl of last leg not very unlike the other three. Ct. Carapace octagonal. Sternum sharply cristate_________ hemphilli, p. 99. C?. Carapace suborbicular. Sternum not sharply cristate. D’. Anterior half of carapace thickly margined with hair. Posterior margin transverse, rimmed. E*. Carapace convex. Propodus of fourth leg not remarkably dilated. Byestmoderates ee ees ee concharum, p. 8G. E*. Carapace flat. Propodus of fourth leg broadly oval. Eyes very HinCQ jaar era J le a ee See depressus, p. 79. D*. Anterior half of carapace not thickly margined with hair. E’, Carapace widest at middle. I’. Front strongly produced. Two large punctae near middle of CAPAPNCe- a 2-2 ee eee bipunctatus, p. 78. I’. Front slightly produced. No large punctae near middle of Caripaces. Ue So eee ee ee muliniarum, p. 81. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 65 E2, Carapace widest either in front of or behind middle. F*. Carapace widest behind middle------------------- ostreum, p. 66. F?, Carapace widest in front of middle. G. Of small size and nearly naked, covered everywhere with small, persistent, dark spots ------------------------- serret, p. 84. G?. Of good size, immaculate; chelipeds, legs and under surface pubescent ; margins of merus joints of legs bearded. barbatus, p. 88. A?. Carapace as long as, or longer than, wide. B. Postlateral portion of branchial region inclined abruptly in a steep plane, oblique to dorsal surface of carapace, in which it forms a reentering angle. GC, Cheliped much wider at distal end than elsewhere. Terminal segment of abdomen transversely oblong__-------------------- orcutti, p. 98. C?. Cheliped swollen in middle, not much if any wider at distal end than at middle. D*. Carapace deeply areolated. Manus longitudinally ridged. Terminal segment of abdomen subrectangular with rounded tip. shoemakeri, p. 95. D?, Carapace moderately areolated. Manus searcely ridged. Terminal segment of abdomen equilaterally triangular, blunt-pointed. taylori, p. 97. B?. Branchial region gradually inclined downward toward margin. Cara- pace with 4 large, persistent, white spots_------------ macultius, p. T4. A®. Males not known___--------------------------------------- holmesi. p. 68 ; geddesi, p. 69; politus, p. 71; angelicus, p. 72; lithodomi, p. 73; puget- tensis, p. 82; nudus, p. 83; pubescens, Pp. 87; strombi, p. 90; silvestrii, p. 91; reticulatus, p. 93; moseri, p. 94; guerini, p. 101; hirtimanus, p. 1017 LIST OF KNOWN MALES AND FEMALES OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PINNOTHERES. EAST COAST SPECIES. WRITECUM (SAY 22--—-—— === Salem, Massachusetts, to Micco, Flor- ida; Guadeloupe ------------------ 3 2 geddesit Miers____--_-_-__- Vera Cruz; Cuba; Porto Rico_-----~-- 2 maculatus Say----------- Cape Cod to Texas; Jamaica; St. Thonias -2 2-5 +. 2 = a 9 @enressus Say-——--—----=- New Jersey to Cuba_-__--_--------__ a serrei Rathbun___---~--~--~- Cuba; Jamaica; Porto Rico_--------- a 9 barbatus Desbonne_----—- St. Thomas; Guadeloupe__-__------__ a 2 strombi Rathbun_-------~ Westoblordas as) ess Q moseri, new species___---. West Mlorida;: Jamaica2=—~=--=-==-=— Q ghoemakeri, new species__West Florida; St. Thoemas= oie... = a 2 hemphilli, new species___-West ML Optek Gl ee ee e ae é guerini M. Edwards__----. Guba eocto Wicos = ee 9 hirtimanus M. Edwards_-.Cuba__----------------------------- Q 1Pinnotheres globosum Jacquinot (Voy. au Pole Sud sur VAstrolabe et ln Zélée, Zool., vol. 3, 1843 (?), p. 58; atlas, pl. 5, fig. 21), type-locality, Singapore, is recorded + by Cano (Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, pp. 98 and 247) as occurring at eG Porto Lagunas, Patagonia. As no description of the American specimen is given, its " identity with P. globosum needs confirmation. | 65863—17——5 66 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, WEST COAST SPECIES. holmesi, new species______?Monterey, California _______________ 92 POWMSE STATE eee ee PerugC hile, ee 2 ee ee Q angelicus Lockington____-_. Guifvot) Calitorniguse. = etean we ene g Githodomt Smithi22 2-22 EV TA NY 2 Q bipunctatus Nicolet______- COTM ass i Re ee lg é muliniarum, new species__Lower California__.________.__________ é pugettensis Holmes______. Puget Sound; British Columbia______ 2 mudus Holmes] 2 Santa Cruz and Monterey, California_ 2 concharum (Rathbun)___-British Columbia to San Diego_______ 3é 2 pubescens (Holmes) _____-! AFUE Ota Calli O rein hee eee ere 2 Silvestri Nobiliz= == Cie: ee i ea Bi Named 9 margarita Smith ________ SUE ealig aii BP ean Saar eae as ge 3 2 reticulatus, new species___Gulf of California___________________ Q taylori, new species______ British! Colum pias oe se eee é Q orcutti, new species______. MU ein an DT eet 3é Analogous species of Pinnotheres on opposite sides of the con- tinent: ostreum (Atlantic) ; holmesi (Pacific). PINNOTHERES OSTREUM Say. OYSTER CRAB. Plate 15, figs. 3-6. ? Pinnotheres pinnophylazx Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, an X [1801-2], p. 243 (part), not pl. 6, fig. 8 (after Herbst) nor Cancer pinnophylagz Herbst, 1783; coasts of America in Chama lazarus (according to Bosc). As this is a European species of Chama, C. macerophylla Gmelin is doubtless the species indicated. Pinnotheres ostreum Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 67, pl. 4, fig. 5, female (type-locality, inhabits the common oyster; type not extant).—DrE Kay, Nat. Hist. New York, pt. 6, Crust., 1844, p. 12, pl. 7, fig. 16, female-—SmirH, Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Visheries, pt. 1, for 1871-72 (18738), p. 546 [252]; not pl. 1, fig. 2, male. ? Pinnotheres crassipes DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Gua- deloupe, pt. 1, 1867, p. 48 (type-locality, Guadeloupe, in Ostrea para- sitica; type probably not extant). Diagnosis.—First leg of female stoutest, propodus distally wid- ened, dactylus curved, other legs similar to one another, dactylus longer, straighter than in first leg. Carapace thin. Palm very wide just behind distal end. Propodi of all legs in male wide, dactyli longer and more curved than in female. Description of female—Surface glabrous for the most part, smooth, shining; carapace subcircular, with the posterior margin very broad; thin, membranaceous, yielding to the touch, convex from before backward, gastro-cardiac area separated by broad de- pressions from the branchio-hepatic area; lateral margins thick and bluntly rounded; front about one-seventh as wide as carapace, trun- cate and scarcely advanced in dorsal view, its margin deflexed and THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 67 forming a rounded lobe, visible from before. Orbits small, sub- circular, anteriorly placed. Antennules large, antennae small; flagellum not as long as di- ameter of orbit. Carpus or first segment of palp of outer maxilli- ped, short, oblong; propodus elongate, end rounded; dactyl inserted behind middle of propodus, minute, and very slender. Chelae moderate, merus and carpus rather slender; palm flat- tish inside, swollen outside, strongly widened from the proximal toward the distal end, then somewhat narrowed, the width across base of fingers considerably less than greatest width of palm, lower margin of propodus, as well as upper, convex; fingers, especially the immovable one, stout, not gaping, tips hooked past each other, several small teeth on prehensile edges; fixed finger horizontal. Legs slender, subcylindrical, last 2 joints with thin fringe of hair: first leg stoutest, propodus widening distally, dactylus about half as long, curved; last 3 legs similar to one another, dactyli longer and straighter; second leg long- est, third next, first and fourth subequal. Mature abdomen very large, ex- tending beyond carapace in all { N ‘ x or ay directions. Description of male—Rela- ee tively narrower and less swollen es than female; front more ad-_ Fic. 30.— PINNOTHERES OSTREUM, OUTER Saeed: trancate: “Chelipeds sunis EY OF EME ADs TOE lar to those of female but palm shorter, more swollen. First leg as in female, except for the dactylus which is longer, two-thirds as long as propodus, and more curved than in female; in the remaining legs the carpus-propodus is wide as in the first leg, not slender as in female, and the dactyli are longer than in female, the fourth one quite as long as propodus; they are nearly straight proximally but toward the end are falcate. Sides of abdomen nearly straight and con- vergent from the third to the seventh segment, which is arcuate at the extremity. Color—Female. Translucent whitish generally. Upper surface of carapace and median region of post-abdomen red to pinkish. Minute eyes brownish. All limbs whitish (Fowler). Measurements ——Female (2542), length of carapace 12, width of same 15 mm. Male (49209), length of carapace 1.3, width of same 1.4 mm. Habitat.—Commensal with oysters. Males free-swimming. On the coast of the Carolinas P. ostreum is abundant, according to Dr. Bashford Dean; however, not more than one female was noted 1 Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., vol. 10 for 1890 (1892), p. 351. 68 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. in a single oyster. In most instances the crab was found well thrust in between the palps, usually between the middle ones. This is evi- dently annoying to the oyster, for the palps sometimes show thick- ened outgrowths, or are malformed and stunted in size. To what extent the crab is of value to the oyster, as commonly supposed, is debatable. The oyster is said to feed on clusters of bell-animalcules (Zoothamnium), which are attached to the crab;2 on the other hand, the food of the crab, as evidenced by its stomach contents, consists in great part of such minute organisms as are sought by the host, in addition to many small crustaceans not normally the oyster’s prey. Range.—Salem, Massachusetts, to Micco, Florida; Guadeloupe (Desbonne). Material examined.— New York Bay; from oysters; E. G. Blackford; 74 females (2542). New York market; from oysters; E. G. Blackford; 26 females (4991). West coast of Chesapeake Bay, Northumberland County, Vir- ginia; December 28, 1914; P. L. Boone; 4 females (49208). Rappahannock River, Virginia; in oysters; A. C. Weed; 6 females (42512). | Out of Lynn Haven oysters, Virginia; November 29, 1905; Bureau of Fisheries; 2 females (49210). Beaufort, North Carolina; Union College Coll.; 1 male, young, depos. in U.S.N.M. (49209). Winyah Bay, South Carolina: December, 1890; station 54; steamer ish Hawk; 5 females (18214). December 31, 1890; station 56; steamer ish Hawk, 6 females (18215). One-half mile north of wharf on South Island; dredged; Sh.; temp. 49.5° F., January 8, 1891; stations 1641, 1642; steamer Fish Hawk; 1 female (182138). Clam Bank Creek, South Carolina; from oysters; December 30, 1890; steamer Fish Hawk; 3 females (18216). Charleston, South Carolina; from a starfish; Louis Agassiz; 1 female, 3 mm. long, mature (5730, M.C.Z.). Colleton River, South Carolina; 1891; steamer Fish Hawk; 7 females (26108). East peninsula opposite Micco, Florida; O. Bangs; 8 females (3 ovig.) (18740). PINNOTHERES HOLMESI,? new species. Plate 15, figs. 1-2. ? Pinnotheres nudus WreyMmoutu, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. - Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 53, fig. 1 (2); not P. nudus Holmes, 1895. Type-locality—* Pacific Grove, California; 1 female ovig., holo- type (Mus. Stanford Univ.). - 1Ryder, Rept. Maryland Fish Commission for 1880 (1881), p. 24. * Named for Dr. S. J. Holmes, of the University of California. : , & * ; : THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 69 Diagnosis.—Carapace of female soft, broadest behind, gastric re- gion defined. Manus widest a little way behind fingers. Leg 1 stout, widest distal to middle; legs 2, 8, and 4 very slender and diminishing in order named. Description of female—Carapace very soft and yielding, broader than long, the front and long antero-lateral margins forming a single arch; postero-lateral margins short, oblique, concave; posterior mar- gin long, concave; greatest width in posterior half; carapace convex, thick, rounding gradually downward, except posteriorly; gastric region defined by a depression, which is deeper and narrower than in ostreum, and suggests that in Fabia. Front between orbits trun- cate, medially faintly emarginate, orbits partly visible from above. Carpus of outer maxilliped suboblong; propodus no longer than carpus, and narrower, end obliquely rounded; dactylus linear, of nearly even width throughout, rounded at extremity, inserted near proximal end of propodus and not reaching its distal end. Chelipeds stouter than legs, but not very large; lower margin of propodus nearly straight, palmar por- \ tion widening rapidly to a point be- 4 hind base of fingers; fingers stout, ee ae hooked at tips, prehensile edges un- \ \7 i ot even, an acute tooth near base of \/ Zo te dactyl. oy ee Relative length of legs represented et ke by 2.5.1.4, the second longest ; 2; 3, Fie, 31.— PINNOTHERES HOLMESI, and 4 very slender; dactyl 2 much OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE longer than 3 or 4 and curved on "O™O?*?™ X 104: both margins, dactyl 3 less curved on anterior and nearly straight on posterior margin, dactyl 4 a trifle longer than 3, margins nearly straight; horny tips of all four very slender and hooked. First leg stout, especially propodus, not reaching middle of propodus of sec- ond; propodus widest distal to the middle and narrowest at distal extremity; dactyl shortest of all, conical except for tip. Abdomen voluminous, much longer and wider than carapace. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 7.2, width of same 8.7 mm. Range.—Known only from the type-locality, which is probably Pacific Grove, California. Affinity—In shape resembles P. ostreum of the Atlantic coast, which has also a similarly enlarged propodus of first leg; first 3 legs of holmest much slenderer than of ostrewm. 70 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PINNOTHERES GEDDESI Miers. Plate 16, figs. 1-4. ? Cancer 1. The Oyster-Crab, Browne, Civil and Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 1756, . 420. Beis angelicus Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 15, 1880, p. 86; not P. angelicus Lockington, 1877. Pinnotheres geddesi Miers, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 15, 1880, p. 86 (type-locality, Vera Cruz; cotypes in British Mus.). Pinnotheres ostrearius RatHBuN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 20, text-fig. 3 (type-locality, Mayaguez, Porto Rico, in an oyster from near Cabo Rojo; holotype, Cat. No. 23767, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis—Near ostreum. Propodus of first leg of female of nearly same width throughout. Palm widest at distal end. Cara- pace very thin. Description of female.—Carapace very thin and yielding, trans- versely suborbicular, broad behind. Gastric region distinctly out- lined by a furrow, cardiac region less distinct. Front rounding downward, slightly projecting, truncate in dorsal view. Orbits cir- cular, eyes partly visible in dorsal view. Merus of outer maxillipeds robust, outer margin regularly convex, inner margin with bluntly rounded angle near distal extremity; carpus and propodus robust, the latter rounded and ciliated at distal end; dactyl very slender, styliform, reaching about to extremity of propodus. a Fic, 32.—PINNOTHERES GEDDESI, FEMALE (23767). a, CHELA, X 16; 6, OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 16. Chelipeds smooth; palm rapidly increasing in width from proxi- mal to near distal end, which articulates very obliquely with the dactylus; upper margin convex at widest part, lower margin of entire propodus convex; fingers subconical, somewhat hairy, edges meeting and tips crossing when closed. Legs slender; first one stouter than the others, propodus scarcely widening distally, dactylus about half as long, stout, anterior margin convex, posterior straight; second leg longest, third subequal to first ; fourth reaches about to middle of propodus of third; dactylus of sec- ond leg long, curved, about two-thirds as long as propodus; dactylus of third leg shorter, of fourth still shorter, straighter and more hairy ; third dactylus nearly straight behind, fourth quite straight behind. Measurements——Female cotype, length of carapace 9, width of same 10.8 mm. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 71 Habitat—Commensal with oysters. Range.—Vera Cruz, Mexico; Cuba; Jamaica?; Porto Rico. Material examined.— Vera Cruz, Mexico; P. Geddes, collector; 1 female with ova, co- type (out of 7 in Brit. Mus.; loaned to U.S.N.M. through the courtesy of Dr. Calman). Cuba; in oysters; Andréa, collector; received from Copenhagen Mus.; 2 females ovig. (23439). Sagua la Grande, Santa Clara Province, Cuba; M. S. Roig, coll.; 1 female ovig. (49252). Near Cabo Rojo, Mayaguez, Porto Rico; in oysters; Jan. 24, 1899; steamer (ish Hawk, 2 females (1 ovig. is holotype of pseu (23767). PINNOTHERES POLITUS (Smith). Plate 159, fig. 5. Ostracotheres politus SmMitH, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 169 (type-locality, Callao, Peru; type in Peabody Mus. Yale Univ.).—LeEnz, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., vol. 5, 1902, p. 765, pl. 23, figs. 9, 9a.—PorTER, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 13, 1909, p. 249.—RatTH- BUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 545, text-fig. 3 (after Lenz). Fic. 33.—PINNOTHERES POLITUS, OUTHR MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE (40448), X 50. Diagnosis.—Carapace wide, thin, flat. Last leg very slender, with very long dactylus. Propodus of second and third legs distally ex- panded. Description of female.—Carapace thin and yielding, naked, smooth and shining, transversely oblong, a little wider posteriorly than an- teriorly, dorsal surface flat, borders smoothly rounded; a short me- dian sulcus on front, a slight U-shaped one from orbits to middle of carapace. Front arcuate as seen from above, scarcely protuberant; eyes small, partly visible in dorsal view. The end joint of the palp of the outer maxilliped is short and broad, the terminal joint is minute and has not hitherto been dis- covered. Because of its presence, the species is placed in Pinnotheres, a2 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chelipeds equal, rounded, smooth, and glabrous; chelae small, com- pressed, lower margin sinuous, upper margin of manus a little con- vex; fingers shorter than palm, fitting together, dactylus somewhat curved and armed near base with a small tooth which fits a slight excavation in propodal finger. Legs short, pune eel and smooth; first leg shorter and nar- rower than second; both have the Hectyti short, fumed and closing against the expanded end of propodus which is clothed at that point with a little tuft of short, stiff hair; third leg about as long as second, dactylus short and curved, but distal end of propodus not expanded; last leg shorter than third, and slenderer than the rest, dactylus shghtly Gamved and very long and slender, equal in length bo propodus. Abdomen very wide, exceeding sternum. Measurements.—Female (40448), length of carapace 5.7, width of same 8 mm. Tabitat—tIn shells of mollusks: probably A/ytilus algosus Gould (Smith), Calyptraea, species (Lenz), Crepidula dilatata (Coker). Range.—Peru; Chile. Material examined.— Ancon Bay, Peru; found with Crepidula dilatata Lamarck on mussels; R. E. Coker, coll.; received from Peruvian Government; 1 female ovig. (40448). Taleahuano, Chile; Hassler Exped.; received from Mus. Comp. Zool.; 1 female (22848). PINNOTHERES ANGELICUS Lockington. Plate 16, figs. 5 and 6. Pinnotheres angelica LocK1ncTon, Proce. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, Dee. 1, 1876 (1877), p. 155 [10] (type-locality, Angeles Bay, Gulf 4s Cali- fornia, in oysters; types not extant). Not P. angelicus Miers, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zool,, vol. 15, 1880, p. 86. Diagnosis.—Female transverse, smooth, shining. Dactylus of see- ond leg much the longest. Prominent tubercle on basal joint of an- tennae. Dactylus of endo- gnath attached to end of propodus. Description of female— Smooth, shining. Cara- pace thin, easily wrinkled, transverse, with anterior Fig. 84.—PINNOTHERES ANGELICUS, OUTER MAXIL- ymygroin strongly arcuate, LIPED OF FEMALE (17467), X 153. = posterior margin long, slightly concave, sides rounded; gastric region well defined; a large pit on branchial region near inner angle. Front advanced, edge oy). Foe i he a K 46, Oe SS ee "ae —). aes THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 73 - rounded. Orbits and eyes oval, hidden from dorsal view. A large prominent tubercle at posterior end of basal joint of antenna. Propodus of endognath distally rounded, dactylus small, attached on inner portion of extremity of propodus. Chelipeds elongate, manus slightly compressed and increasing dis- tally; immovable finger slightly deflexed, swollen in basal half; fin- gers fitting together when closed, tips curved and crossing each piles Legs slender, second longest, ‘third next, fourth shortest: dactyli nearly straight, except that of second leg, eet is twice as long as of other legs, and nearly equaling its propodus. Abdomen unusually large. Measurements—Female (17467), length of carapace 9, width of same 12.2 mm. Tabitat—In oysters (Lockington) and mussels. Range.—Gulf of California at Angeles Bay (type-locality) and San Josef Island. Material examined.— San Josef Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; Mar. 16, 1889; 5 females (3 ovig.) (17467). Angeles Bay, Gulf of California; in Mfodiola copax; 4 females (3 ovig.) (Univ. Cal.). PINNOTHERES LITHODCMI Smith. Pinnotheres lithodomi SmirH, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 169 (type-locality, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama, in Lithodomus aristatus Forbes and Hanley; type in Peabody Mus. Yale Univ.). Diagnosis —Merus of maxillipeds broadest at distal extremity, sides nearly straight. Legs very slender; dactyli slightly curved, third longest, second next, first and fourth subequal. Description of female—Dorsal surface of carapace smooth and naked. Merus of outer maxillipeds broadest at distal extremity, both margins nearly straight. Chelipeds equal, smooth and naked; hands cylindrical; fingers short, nearly straight, tips slightly hooked by each other, prehensile edge of dactylus armed, near base, with a small tooth which fits a slight excavation in propodal finger. Legs very slender and wholly naked except dactyli; dactylus of first leg very short and only slightly curved, of second leg consider- ably longer than in first and nearly straight, of third leg very long, nearly as long as propodi, slender and slightly curved; of last leg about as long as second and ciliated along posterior edges. (After Smith.) Measurement.—Width of carapace about 4 mm. Habitat—In Lithophaga aristatus, a boring mollusk. 74 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Material examined by Prof. S. I. Smith—Pear] Islands, Bay of Panama, in Lithodomus (now Lithophaga) aristatus Forbes and Hanley which was in its usual habitat, an excavation in the shell ‘of a Spondylus; F. H. Bradley coll.; 1 female ovig., holotype PMY -V:). PINNOTHERES MACULATUS Say. MUSSEL CRAB. Plate 17, figs. 3—6. = Pinnotheres, maculatum Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 450 (type-locality, “inhabits the muricated Pinna of our coast’; cotypes, male and female, in British Mus.). Pinnotheres maculatus VERRILL, Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries, vol. 1, 1871-1872 (18738), pp. 809 [15], 484 [140], 459 [165].—SmirH, Rept. U. S. Commr, of Fish and Fisheries, vol. 1, 1871-1872 (1873), p. 546 [252]—Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., vol. 5, 1879, p. 265, footnote (Zoea).—FowtLer, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus., 1911 (1912), p. 485, pls. 186 and 137; not (?) P. byssomiae De Kay and Gibbes. Pinnotheres ostreum SmitTH. Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries, vol. 1, 1871-1872 (1873), p. 546 [252], part: pl. 1, fig. 2 (male); not P. ostreum Say. Diagnosis —Dactyli of first 3 legs hooked, of fourth nearly straight. Males usually, and the young always dark with light spots. Female with shell thick, not yielding. Description of adult female.—Surface covered with a short, dense, deciduous tomentum. Carapace subcircular, little broader than long, thick and firm but not hard, convex, uneven, smooth, the gastro- cardiac area higher and separated by depressions from the branchio- hepatic area; antero-lateral angles a little prominent; front slightly advanced, about one-fifth width of carapace, in dorsal view sub- truncate, bilobed by a shallow sinus, edge bent down to form a triangular lobe in front view. Orbits small, subcircular; eyes spherical. Antennae as long as width of orbit. Antennulae large, obliquely transverse. Propodus of outer maxilliped larger than carpus and about twice as long as wide; dactylus narrow-spatulate, curved, attached near middle of propodus and reaching to extremity of the latter. Chelae of moderate size, smooth, hairy inside; carpus elongate; palm thick, blunt-edged, increasing distally; fingers stout, fitting close together, tips hooked; propodal finger nearly horizontal; dac- tylus with a tooth near base fitting into a sinus of the fixed finger, sinus with a small tooth at either end. Legs slender, smooth, hairy below, second pair longest, shorter than cheliped, first three dactyli falcate, shorter than their respective THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 75 propodi, last dactylus long, equaling the propodus, and slightly curved. Description of male-—Much smaller, diameter of carapace about half that of female, a little longer than wide, harder than female, and with a striking, light color-pattern of bare spots on a dark ground of pubescence, consisting of a median stripe, constricted in the middle and behind, a subtriangular spot each side before the middle and a linear spot each side behind. Chelipeds shorter than in female, palms and fingers stouter. Legs wider, especially the propodal segments of the first three legs, the posterior surface of which is overlaid with a thin fringe of hairs attached near upper margin; last leg relatively shorter than in female, not reaching middle of propodus of third; dactylus more nearly like third than in female. Abdomen at its middle about one-third width of sternum, grad- ually narrowing from third to seventh segment, sides of third convex, Fic. 36.—PINNOTHERES MACULATUS, OUTER MAX- Fic. 35.—PINNOTHERES MACULATUS, MALE, X 8. ILLIPED OF FEMALE (AFTER SMITH.) (86782), X 10. seventh obtusely rounded. Sutures between segments of abdomen and sternum marked with a narrow line of dark pubescence. Variations—Young females resemble the male except in the shape of the abdomen and the character of its appendages; they have the coloration, pubescence and long hair on the legs, all male characters. These masculine-looking females are free-swimming like the young and sometimes attain a size of 5.2 mm. long. Normal females, color- less and commensal in habit, are 3.8 mm. (16042) and upward in length. The long hair persists on the legs in medium-sized specimens. Some males, perhaps always commensal individuals, resemble adult females in their consistency and absence of color; such range from 4mm. (14567) long upward. The same is true of some young females, except as to size. Pe nals vary (1) in the stoutness of the chelae, the lot from Jamaica having very stout chelae, while in that from Louisiana the 76 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. chelae are more slender than usual; (2) in the curvature and length of the dactyl of the second leg, normally strongly curved like the first and third but sometimes less curved and correspondingly elongate. This straightening and elongation may occur on one or both sides of a specimen and on one or several specimens from a single gathering. Color.—Female, obscure brownish, immaculate; male, above black with whitish spots, beneath yellowish- white. For exceptions see above under variations. Measurements.—Female (42850), length of carapace 13.7, width of same 14.3 mm. Male (18014), length of carapace 8.4, width of same 8.1 mm. Habitat—Males often and young of both sexes usually free- swimming. Mature males and females commensal in mussel (A/ytilus edulis), horse mussels (Afodiola modiolus and M. tulipa), “long” clam (A/ya arenaria), scallops (Pecten irradians and P. tenuicostatus) oyster (teste Blackford), Pinna muricata, and in tubes of annelid (Chaetopterus pergamentaceus). On muddy bottoms of bays and sounds (Verrill). Range.—Cape Cod to Texas; Cuba; Jamaica; St. Thomas. Sur- face to 21 fathoms. Material examined.— Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts; Katama Point, E. 4 S., 13 miles; 5 fathoms; S.; temp. 62° F.; Sept. 6, 1883; station 1172; steamer (ish Hawk; 1 female (86900). Woods Hole, Massachusetts; U.S. Fish Comm.: 1876; V. N. Ed- wards; 1 y. (4082). Surface; Oct. 21, 1881; V. N. Edwards; 26 males and females y. (15022). Aug. 9, 1882; 1 male (40805). Aug. 12, 1882; 1 female y. (40804). Sept. 15, 1882; 1 male, 1 female y. (40806). Surface; Sept. 17, 1882, evening; 1 male (12561). Sur- face; Oct. 2, 1882, 8 p. m.; 1 female y. (12560). Surface, by electric light; Aug. 5, 1885; 24 males and females y. (10917). Surface, by electric hght; August, 1885; steamer Albatross; 1 male y., 4 females y.- (11184). 1885; 1 female ovig. (34919). From Jfya arenaria; Aug. 26, 1886; 1 y. (11840). Mar. 28,1888; V. N. Edwards; 1 female (26106). V. N. Edwards; 1 female.ovig. (3818). From mussel; 5 females (26140). Surface; Oct. 13, 1892; V. N. Edwards; 3 males, 5 females y. (49211). Woods Hole, Massachusetts; from tubes of Chaetopterus; G. M. Gray; 3 females (42148). Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts: Surface; Aug. 29, 1882, evening; U.S. Fish Comm.; 1 female y. (40808). Gay Head Light, W. ?S., 21 miles; 10 fathoms; S.; temp. 60° F.; July 20, 1881; station 928; steamer Fish Hawk; 22 males (of 2 sorts), 33 females (9 ovig.) (19024, 41032). iia | a Oy ee THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. TY Menemsha Bight, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts; 74 to 94 _fathoms; S. M.; temp. 64° F.; September 6, 1882; stations 1134, 1135; steamer ish Hawk; 23 males (of 2 sorts), 48 females (22 ovig.) (14567). Off Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts; from I/ytilus; 1882; U. S. Fish Comm.; 4 females (2 ovig.) (41033). Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts; between West Island and N. end of Woods Hole; 6-84 fathoms; bk. M. Sh. G.; temp. 71.1° F.; August 15, 1887; station 1215; steamer Fish awk; 1 female ovig. (12819). Mattapoisett Harbor, Massachusetts; November, 1882; W. Nye, jr.; 2 females (6691). Acushnet River, Massachusetts; from scallop; October 9, 1890; W. Nye, jr.; 9 males (of 2 sorts), 11 females (18014). Off Newport, Rhode Island: Surface; July 30, 1880, evening; U.S. Fish Comm.; 3 males, 4 females y. (34082). Near Fort Adams, Rhode Island; surface; August 22, 1880; U. S. Fish Comm.; 1 male, 1 female y. (36317). Surface; September 2, 1880; U. S. Fish Comm.; 2 males (34002). Brentons Reef Lightship, NNW. ? W., 54 miles; parasitic on Pecten,; 174 fathoms; S. Scallops; temp. 54° F.; August 13, 1880; station 789; steamer Fish Hawk, 2 males, 1 female y. (36881, 41035). Point Judith W. 4 S., 42 miles; in A/odiola modiolus,; 20 fathoms; fne. S. brk. Sh.; temp. 53.5° F.; August 12, 1880; station 784; steamer Fish Hawk; 1 female ovig. (36741). August 24, 1880; U.S. Fish Comm.; 1 female ovig. (36786). Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: Beaver Tail Light, 8. by E., 14 miles; 8 fathoms; S. Sh.; temp. 67° F.; August 6, 1880; station 772; steamer Fish Hawk; 1 female (34018). North End Dutch Island, S., 1 mile; 12 fathoms; G. S. M.; temp. 68° F.; August 6, 1880; station 775; steamer Fish Hawk; 3 males, 3 females (1 y.) (86307). In Pecten tenuicostatus; 16-274 fathoms; S. Sh. brk. Sh. Gr.; temp. 57°-58.5° F.; August 7, 1880; stations 776-781; steamer Fish Hawk; 10 females (8 ovig., 1 y.) (36782, 40803). Off Brentons Reef Light- ship; 83-10 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; temp. 63°-66° F.; August 23, 1880; stations 816-818; steamer Fish awk; 1 female y. (40802). Off Block Island, Rhode Island: In J/odiola; September, 1874; U.S. Fish Comm.; 1 female ovig. (36882). August 13, 1874; U. S. Fish Comm.; 1 female immat. (37856). Off Watch Hill, Rhode Island; 17-21 fathoms; August 21, 1874; U.S. Fish Comm.; 2 females immat. (40807). Southeast of Long Island, New York; lat. 40° 51’ N.; long. 71° 58’ W.; from scallops; 20 fathoms; August 25, 1913; station 10118; schooner Grampus,; 5 males, 3 females (1 y.) (49212). Gardiners Bay, Long Island, New York; from Pecten irradians; 1890; schooner Grampus; 19 males (of 2 sorts), 19 females (of 2 sorts) (16042). 78 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Long Island Sound, New York: 1874; U. S. Fish Comm.; 2 males (colorless), 5 females (1 ovig.) (86207). 1874; U. S. Fish Comm.; 3 males (colorless), 1 female ovig. (36268). 1874; U.S. Fish Comm.; 6 females (41034). New York market; from oysters; E. G. Blackford; 2 females ovig. (40811). Potomac River, off Point Lookout, Virginia; surface, above oyster beds; November 16, 1880; station 916, steamer Fish Hawk; 1 y., about .7 mm. long (34224). Chesapeake Bay; off New Point Comfort Light, Virginia; 54 fathoms; hrd.; temp. 50.3° F.; Apr. 22, 1916; station 8506, Fish Hawk; 1 male, 1 female, both young (49644). Beaufort, North Carolina: In tube of Chaetopterus; May 9, 1905; Bureau of Fisheries; 1 male (Beaufort Lab.). In shell of live Pinna; zoeae hatched the night of August 9, 1908; R. Binford; 2 females and zoeae (42850). Exploration of the eastern coast of United States; 1 female (2472). Off Cape Fear, North Carolina; from Modiola tulipa; 15 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Co.; October 20, 1885; steamer Albatross; 1 female ovig. (13736). Atlantic Ocean, 16 miles off Sapelo Island Lighthouse, Georgia; May 38, 1915; station 8259; Fish Hawk (Danglade) ; 3 males (49252). Marco, Florida; from Pinna muricata; May, 1884; Henry Hemp- hill; 1 female ovig. (6971). Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana; L. R. Cary; 2 females (33112). Matagorda Bay, Texas; J. D. Mitchell; 1 female (18415). Cuba, at Cabafias; 2-25 fathoms; taken by submarine light on sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; June 8-9, 1914; station 16, Hender- son and Bartsch, Zomas Barrera Exped.; 2 males (48717). Jamaica, West Indies; March 1-11, 1884; steamer Albatross; 3 males, 19 females (13 ovig.) (18015). Kingston, Jamaica; taken by electric light; 1884; W. Nye, jr., steamer Albatross; 48 males and females y. (7737). St. Thomas, West Indies; January 17-24, 1884; steamer Albatross ; 2 females ovig. (7666). From Pecten irradians; 1 male (20858). PINNOTHERES BIPUNCTATUS Nicolet. Plate 159, figs. 10-12. Pinnotheres bipunctatum Nicotet, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 155, pl. 1, figs. 2-2ce (type-locality, San Carlos de Chiloe; type not extant). Diagnosis—F ront of male produced, truncate, with median sinus. Legs stout, ciliate. Carapace suborbicular, flattened, bipunctate. 2 = THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 79: Description of male (after Nicolet).—Carapace rounded from the. front along the sides, narrowing slightly toward the back, posterior. border long and straight, two rather large punctae in the middle. Front quadrilateral, transverse, prominent beyond curve of antero- lateral borders, its anterior margin broad and slightly hollowed out, its middle occupied by a longitudinal depression bordered on each, side by a raised, rounded, and forward-pointing projection. Orbits small but deep. Chelipeds and legs robust, long, and compressed; chelipeds much shorter than legs; hand short, wide, and nearly quadrate, movable. finger wider than immovable and very much curved. Legs covered with very short, coarse hair, scarcely visible; dactyls strong, curved, and with a sharp claw. Abdomen narrow, elongate; terminal segment triangular, longer than the preceding. Posterior part of body rough with spinelike. hairs, of which there are some small ones on the inner margin of the outer maxillipeds. Color.—Translucent yellow. Measurements —Length of male carapace, 1 to. 2 lines (Nicolet) ;. according to figure 2a cited, 3.5 mm. Habitat.—Probably in sea-urchins (Nicolet). Locality —San Carlos de Chiloe, Chile. PINNOTHERES DEPRESSUS Say. Plate 17, figs. 1 and 2. Pinnotheres depressum Say, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci: Philadelphia, vol. 1; 1817, p. 68 (type-locality, Egg Harbour; type. not. extant).—Fow Ler, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. for 1911 (1912), p. 483, and synonymy. Zaops depressa RATHBUN, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 590. Diagnosis.—Carapace of male flat, bordered by a rim of short hair. Eyes very large. Chelipeds very stout. Legs similar, dactyli long and curved, last propodus much expanded, oval. Description of male.—Carapace flat, suborbicular, with the front advanced and rounding downward and the hind margin very little convex; upper sinus of orbit almost rectangular; behind it a shallow, longitudinal depression; sides of front slightly convergent to a sub- truncate margin which is feebly bilobed. Margin of carapace marked by a raised line of very short, dense hair which is broader behind, straightened and narrowed over the eyes and’ continued around the front. Eyes very large, globular; cornea large. End of merus of outer maxilliped longitudinally truncate; carpus: not much longer than wide; propodus longer than carpus, suboblong,. 80 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. abruptly narrowed at middle, where the dactylus is articulated; the latter is small and narrow, and does not nearly reach end of pro- podus. Chelipeds stout, margins hairy; chelae subovate; palm wider than its superior length, its margins convex, outer surface with a longi- tudinal elevated line bordered with a mat of coarse hair; fingers stout, especially the immovable one, which is broadly triangular except for the slender, curved tip; it has a right-angled sinus on the prehensile edge which corresponds to a tooth behind the middle of the strongly curved dactylus, remainder of dactylus crenate; when the fingers are closed, the tips cross each other. Of the ambulatory legs the second and third are about the same length, the first a little shorter, fourth shortest; propodites convex ae \ Fic. 37.—PINNOTHERES DEPRESSUS, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF MALE (48594), X 1374. on anterior margin, faintly crenulate on posterior margin, the first very thick, its posterior margin straight, of second and third concave, of fourth convex, the fourth propodus being greatly dilated and oval in form; dactyls similar, elongate, with long, slender, curved tips. Abdomen gradually narrowed, terminal joint no longer than wide, end rounded. Measurements.—Male (48594), length of carapace 1.6, width of same 1.8 mm. Range.—Kgg Harbor, New Jersey, to northwest Cuba. Material examined.— Beaufort, North Carolina; Union College Collection, No. 71 ¢; 1 young male (deposit in U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 42821). Cabanas, northwest Cuba; on sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; June 8, 1914; station 16, Zomas Barrera Exped.; received from Hen- derson and Bartsch; 1 young male (48594). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 81 PINNOTHERES MULINIARUM, new species. Plate 18, figs. 2 and 3. Type-locality Lower California; in Mulinia, sp.; 1 male holotype (28443). Diagnosis —Male, carapace suborbicular, smooth. Fourth leg much the smallest. Dactyli of legs curved, fourth one less strongly faleate. Abdomen very long. Description of male—Carapace transversely suborbicular, poste- rior margin nearly straight; front strongly deflexed, outline slightly arched as seen from above. Palp of outer maxilliped of large size, short and very wide; carpus short; propodus about as long as carpus, suboblong, end obliquely Fic. 38.—PINNOTHERES MULINIARUM, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF MALE HOLOTYPH, X 90. rounded; dactylus broad, lunate, attached near base of propodus and following its curve, and reaches nearly to its extremity. Chelipeds and lower surface of body pubescent. Manus widening a little distally, lower margin straight, upper convex; both fingers have tips curved and crossing each other. Of the legs the fourth is much reduced and does not reach be- yond carpus of third; margins of legs hairy, especially on merus joints ; anterior margin of propodi convex, posterior margin straight in legs 1, 2, and 3, concave in leg 4; ceatgls 1, 2, and 3 curved, stout except tip, en is slender and eae doctyins 4 str i in basal half but still curved. 65863—17——_6 82 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Abdomen very long, narrowing rapidly at fourth segment; after that, sides straight, little convergent; terminal segment subquad- rate. Measurements.——Male holotype, length of carapace 3, width of same 3.6 mm. PINNOTHERES PUGETTENSIS Holmes. Plate 17, figs. 7 and 8; plate 18, fig. 1. Pimnotheres pugettensis Hormers, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 86 (type-locality, Puget Sound, in branchial cavity of Cynthia; type in Mus. Univ. California). Diagnosis—Female, carapace subpentagonal, widest anteriorly. Chela widest immediately behind fingers. Legs increasing in length from 1 to 4; dactylus of fourth pair much the longest. Description —Carapace soft and yielding, smooth, subpentagonal, widest between antero-lateral angles. Front broadly rounded in dorsal view, projecting little beyond general outline of carapace. Orbits nearly circular, partially visible from above. Maxillipeds very oblique, strongly pu- bescent; merus of large size, somewhat. pentagonal; last two segments together quadrate, distally oblique, true outer margin (inner, when folded) straight; dactylus small, attached distal to middle Fic. 39.—PINNOTHERES PUGETTEN- z S cis, ‘EknogNixH br onren axe OL, .Propodus, the endyof whieh aiydees ILLIPED OF FEMALE (40396), not reach. caiies Merus of chelipeds furnished with long hairs on upper margin; hands elongate, rounded, widest im- mediately behind fingers; fingers and inner side of palm short- pubescent; fingers subcylindrical, nearly straight, a little shorter than palm, tips strongly hooked; dactyl with a low tooth near base of prehensile margin; immovable finger produced at middle in a low, broad lobe. Legs slender, increasing slightly in length from first to fourth pair; propodi hairy above and below; dactyls narrow, compressed, pubescent, convex above, abruptly contracted near tip into a short, curved claw; in the first three legs the dactyls are shorter than propodi and have the lower margin nearly straight; in the last leg the dactylus is longer than propodus, much longer than preceding dactyli, and has the lower margin concave and long-hairy. (After Holmes chiefly.) Variations—In two smaller females which are, however, mature, the carapace is just as wide as long, the manus is relatively shorter, wider, and more swollen. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 83 Color.—Outer surface of palm brownish with light-colored reticu- lations. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 10, width of same 10.5; length of first leg 9.5, of last leg 10.5 mm. (Holmes). Habitat.—Live in tunicates. Range.—Departure Bay, British Columbia; Puget Sound. Material ewamined.—Has all been dried. Departine Bay, British Columbia: George W. Taylor, collector; two females, larger one in tunicate, smaller one free (89131). 1908; Geological Survey of Canada, donor; two females, in hairy tunicate (40396). PINNOTHERES NUDUS Holmes. Pinnotheres nudus Hotmes, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 563, pl. 20, figs. 1-5 (type-locality, Santa Cruz; type destroyed in San Francisco fire) ; Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900. p. 86. Not P. nudus Weymouth, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 58, text-fig. 1, except synonymy. Diagnosis.—Carapace subquadrate with corners rounded; no in- dication of regions. Chela widest immediately behind fingers. Dactyli of legs nearly straight, longest and most slender in fourth pair. Description.—Carapace a little broader than long, subquadrate with corners rounded, the anterior half nearly same shape and size a a Fic. 40.—PINNOTHERES NUDUS, FEMALE HOLOTYPE. @, CARAPACE, SLIGHTLY ENLARGED 5 b, ABDOMEN ; C, OUTER MAXILLIPED; d, LEFT CHELIPED; €,FIRSTLEG. (AFTER HOLMES.) as posterior half; surface curving downward toward all margins, smooth and naked; regions not defined. Front not protruding. Orbits ovate. Chelipeds smooth, hands rather thick, widest immediately behind articulation of dactyl; fingers nearly or quite as long as palm, sub- conical, not conspicuously dentate on inner margins, partly covered by a very short, dense pubescence. Three anterior legs subequal, fourth smaller; all are smooth, little compressed, and have acute, nearly straight tarsi, those of fourth pair being relatively longer and more slender than those preceding. 84 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Abdomen of female nearly circular, covering entire sternal surface, composed of seven separate segments of which the fourth, fifth, and sixth are subequal and larger than the others. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 20, width of same 24 mm. Range.—Santa Cruz, California (type-locality) ; two females be- longing to the California Academy of Sciences were destroyed in the fire following the San Francisco earthquake, 1906. Monterey (Holmes). PINNOTHERES SERRE! Rathbun. Plate 19, figs. 1-7. Pinnotheres serrei RATHBUN, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1909, No. 2, p. 68, 1 text-fig. (type-locality, Porto Rico; type in Paris Mus.). Diagnosis.—Dactyli falcate. Palp of maxilliped with three joints end to end. Male spotted all over; sternum cristate. Orbits of female not visible from above; ten pits on anterior half of carapace. Description of male——Carapace slightly broader than long, subor- bicular, widest in front of middle, posterior margin straight, ante- rior margin arcuate; surface punctate, flattened but with a slight convexity, a pit either side of cardiac region and a slight trace of cervical suture; no marginal line to dor- sum. Front in an- terior view curves downward and back- fost, ward to interanten- ae nular plate, its width bk - +=nearly one-third that Fig, 41.-PINNOTHERES SERREI, OUTER MAXILLIPED oF FE- Of carapace ; while a eee width of front and orbits together slightly exceeds half width of carapace. Eye-stalks stout, diminishing from base to tip, visible from above, corneae large. Antennae project slightly beyond outer corners of front; antennules very large, transversely-obliquely placed. Outer maxillipeds small, occupying but little space antero-poste- ricrly; palpus stout, its three segments end to end, dactylus short and stout. Chelae stout, oblong, lower margin of propodus straight for nearly its length, upper margin convex, article widest at distal end; fingers broad at base, meeting along the edges when closed; tips curved toward each other, a basal tooth on movable finger fitting in corresponding notch in thumb. First three legs nearly of a length, second longest, fourth shortest and narrower; stout except for the dactyls which are slender and Pye THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 85 falcate; second and third legs with an overlying fringe of long hair along distal end of carpus and continued along upper edge of pos- terior surface of propodus; lower margin of carpus of first three pairs short-hairy. First sternal segment very large, anterior margin concave at mid- dle and with a large V-shaped emargination each side behind inser- tion of maxilliped; anterior edge of fifth sternal segment on a much lower level than fourth segment, being somewhat cristiform; next segment similar but in lesser degree; adjacent margins of coxae of first and second legs cristiform. Description of female (48571).—Carapace much wider than long, oblong with corners rounded, front and orbits wholly invisible in dorsal view, anterior margin as seen from above bilobed by a broad median gastric depression; on anterior half of carapace five pits each side of middle, four of which form a square, obliquely placed, the fifth pit a little outside the outermost pit of the square. Orbits oval, longer than eyes. Chelipeds weaker than in male, propodus sinuous below, palm of subequal height throughout, thumb slightly deflexed. Merus of first three legs fringed with long hair on upper margin, this fringe continued on inner surface of carpus of first pair. Legs less stout than in male, dactyli similar. Variation—A smaller female from Montego Bay has the front between the eyes, but not the orbits, visible in dorsal view so that anterior margin is not bilobed by median depression. Carapace widened a little anteriorly, legs slightly wider. Color—Entire surface of male above and below covered with dark pigment spots arranged with tolerable symmetry on the cara- pace; a few spots on anterior surface of eye-stalls. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 3, width of same 3.8 mm.; female (48571), length of carapace 8.7, width of same 11.8 mm. Habitat—Female commensal in Strombus, male free-swimming at surface. Range.—Cuba; Jamaica; Porto Rico. Material examined.— Cuba, on reef flat between Cayo Hutia and Little Cayo, northeast of light; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Zomas Barrera Exped.; 1 female (48571). Jamaica: From mantle cavity of small Strombus towed in Mon- tego Bay; Aug. 2, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 female (49214). King- storf; surface, by electric light; 1884; W. Nye, jr., Str. Albatross; 1 male (49213). Porto Rico; 1907; P. Serre coll.; 1 male holotype (Paris Mus.). 86 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PINNOTHERES CONCHARUM (Rathbun). Plate 20, figs. 3-6. Cryptophrys concharum RatTuHBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 250 (type-localities, False Bay. San Diego County, California, from mantle of Mya arenaria, Cat. No. 17498, and Puget Sound, from Car- dita borealis) ; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 188, text-fig. 94, pl. 7, fig. 6—WerymovtH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 60. Diagnosis—Carapace almost hard, posterior margin transverse. Anterior half of carapace, as well as chelipeds and legs, thickly margined with hair. Dactyli of legs falcate, similar. Description ——Carapace subpentagonal, a little wider than long, almost hard, smooth, a faint sulcus behind gastric region; an- terior and antero-lateral margins defined by a rim of coarse setae, thickest and longest at antero-lateral angles; sides rounding gradu- ally downward; posterior margin transverse, rimmed; front arcuate, advanced. Eyes stout, in circular orbits. An- tennae equal in length to half width of front. Terminal joint of palp of maxilliped small, attached to inner edge of propodus and, when the maxillipeds are in place, it is hidden under Fic. 42.—Pinnorneres the thin edge of the merus. ceant OF Coren max. Cdhelipeds stout, margined with a band of ILLIPED OF MALE Coarse setae, as are also the ambulatory legs. ee ee Inner surface of palm swollen, hairy; palm widening much to distal end, lower margin convex. Length of legs 2, 3, 1, 4, the second leg longest ; segments broad and flat, anterior margin of propodi and posterior margin of first pro- podus convex; posterior margin of second propodus concave, of third and fourth straight; dactyli similar, falcate, slender, horny tips long and very slender, making nearly half length of segment. Sternum and abdomen smooth, the latter bordered with hair; ab- domen of adult male and immature female tapering rather regularly from third to last segment, third, fourth and fifth partially fused, seventh subquadrate with distal margin arcuate. Since this paper was sent to the printer a large number of small specimens (50443) have been received, of which the males have the abdomen widened at the end, the terminal segment being wider than long, end truncate, sides rounded, while the females have the tapering abdomen char- acteristic of the large male. I am unable to detect other differences in the two forms of the male. All the females known have a nartow abdomen and are probably immature. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 87 Color.—In a male and a female, preserved in alcohol, a persistent, dark spot either side of middle and a dark line in gastro-cardiac sulcus. A female (49628) in formalin is a mixture of grayish-white and, tawny ochraceous, the latter color forming a pattern chiefly on the median and antero-lateral parts of the carapace, and covering the fingers of the cheliped and the last 3 segments and the distal end of the merus of the legs. ' Measurements.—Male (23929), length of carapace 7, width of same 7.8mm. Female holotype, 4.7 by 5.2 mm. Habitat—Commensal in bivalve mollusks and ascidians; some- times free-swimming. Range.—British Columbia to San Diego Bay, California. Material ecamined— Hammond Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia; in JA/ya arenaria,; May 20, 1916; C. McLean Fraser; 1 female (49628). Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia; 17 fathoms; Dec. 16, 1908; George W. Taylor; 1 male (39129). Puget Sound; in animals of Cardita borealis Conrad; 2 specimens, one is a young female (17502). Neah Bay, Washington; surface; Albatross; 1 female (18410). Stewarts Point, California; in bivalve, Kellia laperousti Deshayes; July 11,1911; W. F. Thompson; 1 male (Stanford Univ.). Pacific Grove, California; from mantle cavity of Mytilus edulis; John C. Brown; 1 male (23929). Off Santa Cruz Island, California; lat. 34° N.; long. 119° 29’ 30’ W.; 30 fathoms; P.; Feb. 6, 1889; station 2945, Albatross; 1 fe- male y., from Phallusia vermiformis (45611). Identification ?. False Bay, San Diego County, California; in mantle of A/ya cali- fornica; June 4, 1882; C. R. Orcutt; 1 female holotype, 1 y. (17498). San Diego Bay, California; Beacon No. 8, NW. by W. 4 W. + mile; 5 fathoms; fne. S. M. brk. Sh.; Mar. 19, 1894; station 3564; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (25428). San Diego, California; in Donaw levigatus; C. R. Orcutt; 15 males, 13 females (50443). PINNOTHERES PUBESCENS (Holmes). Cryptophrys pubescens Hotmes, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 564, pl. 20. figs. 6 and 7 (type-locality, Muleje Bay, Gulf of California; type not extant). Diagnosis—Pubescent all over. Carapace subpentagonal, with two longitudinal furrows. Front with median notch. Legs subequal, dactyli curved. Description of female——Carapace subpentagonal, convex, median and cardiac regions tumid and separated from hepatic and branchial 88 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. regions by a sulcus; a slight depression between gastric and cardiac regions and another behind the latter. Front slightly projecting, notched in middle. Antero-lateral margins not defined by a ridge; sides of carapace broadly rounded. Orbits nearly circular; eye- stalks very short and stout. Antenne shorter than width of front, Palp of outer maxilliped 2-jointed.* Chelipeds moderate, exceeding first pair of legs; hand narrow, oblong, somewhat compressed, and concave on inner face; fingers about as long as palm, subcylindrical, hooked at tip, and not dentate on inner margin. Legs subequal (last pair a little shorter than others), moderately slender, somewhat compressed, joints not unusually widened; dactyli rather slender, curved, and from one-half to two-thirds length of propodi. Fic. 43.—PINNOTHERES PUBESCENS, FEMALE HOLOTYPE. @, GENERAL OUTLINE, X 2153 b, BUCCAL AREA, (AFTER HOLMES.) Abdomen rounded, slightly longer than broad, and covering entire sternal area. Body and legs covered with a uniform, short, dense pubescence. (After Holmes.) Measurements—Female holotype, length of carapace 9.75, width of same 10 mm. In Holmes’s figure the carapace is shown longer than wide, perhaps due to flattening out the front in drawing. Material recorded —Muleje Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico; 1 female holotype (destroyed in San Francisco fire). PINNOTHERES BARBATUS Desbonne. Plate 19, figs. 8-11. Pinnotheres barbata DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guade- loupe, pt. 1, 1867, p. 44 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type probably not extant). Diagnosis —Heavily bearded below and on margins of legs. Orbits of female invisible from above. Dactyli of legs falcate. Fics doe RO Nan Estee veer go ne ET ee ae ne ne a 1It is likely that there is a small third segment which was overlooked, as was the case with conchurum. x 5 THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 89- Description of female—Carapace thin, yielding; transversely quadrilateral, with anterior margin arcuate and antero-lateral angles. rounded, postero-lateral corners truncated; glabrous; convex in both directions, anteriorly so deflexed that orbits and front are invisible m dorsal view. Orbits oval, larger than eyes. Extremity of front, as well as under surface of carapace, margin of abdomen and margins of legs except of dactyli, densely bearded; same bearding on upper: margin of arm, inner margin of wrist, and along middle of inner. surface of palm. First two articles of palp of outer maxilliped short and stout; last article about twice as long as wide, attached at inner distal angle- of propodus. Chelipeds short, stout; propodus convex above, sinuous below; fingers subconical, meeting when closed, a low tooth at middle of: prehensile edge, tips hooked and crossing. 0 Fig. 44.—PINNOTHERES BARBATUS (23435). a, ENDOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE, X 20; 0, ABDOMEN OF MALE, X 73. Legs similar, broad, compressed, dactyli falcate; first leg very little shorter than second, third reaching to middle of propodus of second, fourth to middle of propodus of third. Description of male—Smaller and flatter than female and firmer though not hard, suborbicular, broader anteriorly, a large pit either side of middle, front convex and a little advanced as seen from above, eyes filling orbits and visible dorsally. Pubescence as in female, but covering chela also; propedus less sinuous below, thumb shorter. Last leg relatively smaller than in female. Second seg- ment of abdomen narrower than first and third; sides of third con- vex; from first to seventh regularly tapering; extremity rounded. Color—Whitish or yellowish, spotted with black (Desbonne). 90 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements.—Female (23485), length of carapace 10.2, width of same 12.7 mm. Male (23435), length of carapace 7.6, width of same 8.4 mm. Habitat—Often found in pairs in stomach of Turbo pica (Des- bonne). Range.—St. Thomas; Guadeloupe. Material examined.—St. Thomas, West Indies; Krebs, collector; received from Copenhagen Mus.; 1 male, 1 female (23485). PINNOTHERES STROMBI Rathbun. Plate 20, figs. 1 and 2. Pinnotheres strombi RATHBUN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1905, p. 371, 2 text-figs. (type-locality, Clearwater Harbor, Florida, in Strombus pugilis; type in Mus. Phila. Acad. Sci.). Diagnosis —Carapace of female very wide, sides truncate. [yes visible from above. Dactyli of legs faleate. Last leg much narrower than first three. Description of female—Carapace nearly one and a half times as broad as long, oblong, sides parallel, corners rounded; dorsal surface curving down toward margins, smooth and naked; integument very thin and easily wrinkled. Front less than one-fourth width of cara- pace, strongly deflexed, forming an obtuse angle at middle. Orbits suborbicular, eyes partly visible in dorsal view. 3 Outer maxillipeds with carpal and pro- podal joints short and stout, last joint Bie joo, Fi MNOS MEU ES mall and almost terminal STROMBI, ENDOGNATH or OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FE- Chelipeds small, rounded ; upper margin eae, MucH EN- of propodus convex, lower margin sinuous, fingers slightly deflexed, stout, fitting close together, tips sharp and crossing. Second pair of legs a little the longest, first pair stoutest, fourth pair much shorter and narrower than the others; dactyli short, fal- cate, with slender horny tips. Edge of front, anterior (or upper) margin of first three legs, and lower margin of carpus of first leg fringed with short dense pubescence, as are also the lower surface of carapace and edge of maxillipeds and abdomen. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 6.6, width of same 9.6 mm. Habitat—Commensal in Strombus pugilis Linnaeus. Material ecamined.—Clearwater Harbor, west coast of Florida; in living Strombus pugilis; 1905; H. S. Colton, collector; 1 female holotype (1629, Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). | | THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 91 PINNOTHERES SILVESTRII Nobili. Pinnoteres silvestrii Nowitt, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, No. 402, 1901, p. 11 (type-locality, San Vicente, Chile; holotype in Mus. Zool. Turin) ; Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 6, 1902, p. 235 (repetition of original description). Pinnotheres silvestrii RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 88, 1910, p. 587. Diagnosis.—Entire body and appendages thoroughly calcified and hard. Carapace without furrows. Dactyli of legs very short. Description of female (after Nobili).—Carapace a little wider than long, completely calcified and therefore very hard, flat except an- teriorly and toward the lateral and posterior margins where it is bent down; bare and smooth with a luster hke porcelain. Frontal margin, pterygostomian region, infero-posterior parts and margin of abdo- men covered with a grayish tomentum. No furrows on the carapace, but two very slight and rather wide depressions near gastric region, and two impressions at sides of cardiac region. Fronto-orbital bor- der rather wide; front vertically deflexed and produced at sides where it meets orbit in a very distinct acute lobe; between this lobe and the interantennular partition, the frontal border is deeply sinuous. Orbits invisible from above, subcircular; ocular peduncles short, stout, obconical. Antero-lateral margin rather long, separated from the anterior margin by a fairly well-marked angle, and from the postero-lateral margins by a more distinct angle; these last are directed obliquely backward. Maxillipeds slightly oblique and rather pilose; merus subellipsoid, broadly truncate at end; dactylus claw-shaped, exceeding in length the preceding segment. Chelipeds rather large, subequal, calcified like the carapace; out- side bare and smooth, inside thickly pilose; fingers somewhat curved, excavated and incurved at tip, prehensile surface bearing long, stout hairs. Legs short, stout, calcified, pilose along lower surface, along articu- lations and on outer face of merus; dactyls very short. Abdomen calcified. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 12, width of same 14 mm. Range.—Known only from the single type female taken at San Vicente, Chile. PINNOTHERES MARGARITA Smith. Pinnotheres margarita SmiTuH, in Verrill, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, 1869, p. 245, footnote (type-locality, in the Pearl Oyster, Margaritophora jfimbriata, of the Bay of Panama; holotype female in Peabody Mus. Yale Univ.) ; Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 166. Diagnosis —Legs of second pair unequal in female, propodus and dactylus of right leg much longer than those of left. Body and 92 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. limbs short-pubescent. Carapace uneven. Chelae long, subcylin- drical. Description (after Smith).—A stout, thick species, with firm in- tegument, everywhere covered, except dactylus of right, second leg of female and tips of the other dactyli in both sexes, with a short, close, clay-colored pubescence, like a uniform coat of mud. Female.—Carapace very convex in all directions; dorsal surface, beneath pubescence, smooth and shining. Cardiac region protuberant, separated from gastric region by a conspicuous sulcus, and from branchial regions by very marked and deep depressions which extend along cervical suture to hepatic region; branchial regions protu- berant along their inner side; front not protuberant, strongly de- flexed, a slight median depression. Maxillipeds more longitudinal and of a firmer consistency than usual; merus short and broad, inner margin angulated at middle; second segment of palpus large, widest at middle where is attached the terminal segment, which is slightly spatulate and reaches almost to tip of propodus. Chelipeds very stout; hands long, nearly cylindrical; fingers some- what cylindrical, nearly straight almost to tips, which are hooked by one another; dactylus with a small tooth near base which fits a slight sinus in propodal finger. Legs stout; all ischial segments, as well as posterior margins of propodus and dactylus of last leg, are clothed with a long, woolly pubescence; first 8 dactyli short, curved and pubescent nearly to tips except in second right leg, where propodus is considerably longer than left leg of same pair, and dactylus very long, almost straight and naked; fourth dactylus long, straight, slender and pubescent. Anterior margin of sternum with a broad, rounded sinus for recep- tion of tips of palpi of maxillipeds. Abdomen orbicular, covering sternum. Male.—Smaller than female, less thickly pubescent, cardiac and branchial regions less protuberant, separated from gastric region by slight depression; front slightly projecting, less deflexed than in female. Chelipeds and legs as in female, except that the right legs are like the left. Abdomen widest at third segment, margins from third to sixth straight and converging, sixth abruptly contracted, last segment nearly square. Sterile female—More like male than adult female, but narrower and more depressed, front more prominent and scarcely deflexed; dorsal surface slightly areolated, flat and clothed, except cardiac region and a small space in middle of gastric region, with an almost black, velvety pubescence. Cheliped stouter than in male and adult female, a black pubescence on upper surface of carpus and a small space at base of hand. Legs less pubescent than in male, propodus ‘ , f Y fe ee ee ee ee ee eee eS ee THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 93 and dactylus of right second leg longer than in ieft leg, but not as long as in mature female. Abdomen not wider than in male, but margins slightly convex, sixth segment not contracted, extremity rounded. This form may be a distinct species. Measurements.—Female, Pearl Islands, length of carapace 11.8, width of same 13.4 mm. Male, Pearl Islands, length of carapace 5.5, width of same 6.1 mm. Habitat—Lives in pearl oyster (Margaritophora fimbriata Dunker). Range.—La Paz, Lower California, Mexico (Smith); Muleje Bay, Gulf of California (Holmes); Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama (Smith). PINNOTHERES RETICULATUS, new species. Plate 21, figs. 1 and 2. Type-locality—Gulf of California: off San Josef Island, Lower California, Mexico; lat. 25° 02’ 15’’ N.; long. 110° 43’ 30’’ W.; 17 fathoms; 8S. Sh.; March 17, 1889; station 3002, Albatross; 1 female (18217). Diagnosis —Female suborbicular, longer than broad; hands reticu- lated. Second leg longest, fourth dactylus longest, second and third propodus swollen at base. Description of female—Carapace suborbicular, longer than broad, soft, papyraceous, slightly convex; gastric region bluntly elevated on median line, and separated by a broad depression from the branchial region; 4 pits form a quadrilateral in this depression; a lunate depression _- pee Mey ~ . : a ee near hepatic margin. Front shghtly fee convex in dorsal view, scarcely pro- jecting beyond curve of antero-lateral wie, 46—PrnnorHErEs RETICULATUS, margin. Eyes orbicular, large, visi- OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE HOLO- ble dorsally, corneae of moderate size. Sareomes First two articles of palpus of outer maxilliped short and broad; dactylus curved and with subparallel margins and attached near proximal end of propodus which article it does not overreach. Chelipeds and legs short-pubescent, chelipeds long-bairy inside, small; manus subcylindrical, increasing a little distally, lower mar- gin straight, upper slightly convex; pubescence arranged in a reticu- lating pattern, the interstices of which are smooth and of a darker color (in alcohol); fingers stout, points hooked toward each other, prehensile edges each armed with two teeth, of which the one near base of dactyl is the largest. 94 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Legs furnished with long hair on lower margin, especially on propodus of first leg; length expressed by 2. 4. 3. 1, the second leg being the longest; propodus of second and third very concave below, much thickened at proximal end; propodus of first and fourth straight below; dactyli 1, 2, and 3 similar, curved, and with slender tips, first shortest, second longest; dactylus 4 much longer than those preceding and longer than its propodus. Abdomen longer and broader than carapace. Color.—A triangular spot of lighter color embraces the front and orbits and is continued in a narrow stripe for a short way on the gastric region. Measurements—Female holotype, length of carapace 9.7, width of same 9.2 mm. Range—Known only from the type-locality. PINNOTHERES MOSERI,! new species. Plate 21, figs. 3 and 4. Type-locality—Port Royal, Jamaica; in black ascidian; 1893; R. P. Bigelow; female ovigerous (23440). Diagnosis —Carapace of female longer than broad. Dorsum sub- pentagonal, uneven. Legs slender, subequal. Description of female.—Surface pubescent. Carapace thin, mod- erately firm but not hard, suborbicular with the front and intestinal region a little produced; surface uneven; gastric, cardiac, and in- testinal regions elevated and well- defined; a low tubercle on either side of the anterior gastric slope; Ay Sy Fic. 47.__PINNOTHERES MOSERI, ENDO- from a point on the postero-lateral GNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALD margin 2 blunt slightly curved HOLOTYPE, X 17. : (concave outward) ridge runs for- ward and outward to the lateral angle or widest part of the carapace; below the ridge the surface descends steeply; the result being that the dorsum appears subpentagonal. Front narrow, arcuate, a me- dian emargination. Palp of outer maxilliped two-jointed; outer edge very thick, inner edge thin; first joint short and broad, outer margin angled; second joint oblong, distally rounded. No trace of a dactylus could be found, so that this species presents an exception to the rule of a three- jointed palp in Pinnotheres. Chelipeds elongate, rather slender; manus increasing distally, mar- gins nearly straight; fingers nearly as long as top of palm, a little 1 Named for Lieut. J. F. Moser, U. 8. Navy, the first to collect this species. , ‘ x 5 os ee Se ee ee THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 95 deflexed, subcylindrical with tips turned inward almost at a right angle, a small gape at base formed by a sinus in each finger. Legs very slender, of similar length, dactyli of first three legs with a straight base and long curved tip, of last leg with a long straight part and short curved tip; propodi with a thin fringe of hairs below and a fringe of hairs lying on the posterior surface which are at- tached near upper margin. Abdomen longer than wide. Measurements—Female holotype, length of carapace 9, width of same 8.4 mm. Habitat—Commensal in black ascidian. Range.—West coast of Florida; Jamaica. Material examined.— Off St. Martins Reef, West Florida; lat. 28° 43’ N.; long. 82° 56’ W.; 17 feet; rocky bottom covered with grass and thin layers of _ sand and mud; 1887; Lieut. J. F. Moser, U. S. Navy; 1 female ovig. (18056). ‘“ Very many sea squirts in the dredge.” Near Kingston, Jamaica; 1891; T. H. Morgan; 1 female (17238). Port Royal, Jamaica; in black ascidian; 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 2 females ovig., 1 is holotype (28440). “ PINNOTHERES SHOEMAKERI, new species. Plate 22, figs. 14. Type-locality—St. Thomas; summer, 1915; Clarence R. Shoe- maker, for whom the species is named; male holotype (49216). Diagnosis ——Male and female, a deep median groove on front; legs similar, diminishing from 1 to 4; dactyli slender, curved. Male only, carapace very uneven; manus very swollen, strongly ridged. Description of male—Small species, pubescent alleover; carapace subhexagonal, widest at middle; postero-lateral portion of branchial region forming a steeply inclined facet with smooth concave surface; dorsal surface cut by deep furrows into high regularly placed eleva- tions; one furrow surrounds the circular cardiac region; one runs transversely across middle of carapace; another, transverse, on either side of median gastric areole; still another behind the front. Lateral angles broadly rounded and with antero-lateral margins bordered by araised rim. Front thick, subtruncate, a minute median emargina- tion, continued backward by an impressed line. Eyes spherical, pro- jecting well out of orbits. Palpus of outer maxilliped very small, compared to merus-ischium ; shape akin to that of P. moseri; but the inner margin bears a very short and broad rudiment of a dactylus. ‘96 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chelipeds stout; manus inflated, a blunt crest above and two of the same on outer surface, the lower continued on thumb; fingers long, with slender, hooked tips; immovable finger horizontal; pre- hensile edges denticulate. Legs short, similar, nearly of a length but diminishing slightly from first to fourth; lower margins of merus, carpus and propodus ‘densely hairy; posterior surface of carpus-propodus of second and third legs with a thin fringe of hair attached near anterior margin; dactyli very slender throughout, curved, translucent, a few long hairs below, tips acuminate. Abdomen narrow-triangular, second segment with a prominent, transverse, median tubercle; terminal segment subrectangular with rounded tip. Description of female-—One damaged female showing a very thin and almost shapeless carapace, a broad abdomen and left cheliped -Fig. 48.—PINNOTHERES SHOEMAKERI, ENDOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED OF MALE HOLO- TYPE, X 97. : and legs, is referred to this species. A little larger than male. Front and orbits asin male. Surface short-pubescent. Chela more elongate and manus less swollen, its ridges less evident than in male. Legs as in male. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 3.7, width of same 3.8mm. Female (49220), approximate length of carapace 4.7 mm. Range.—West coast of Florida; St. Thomas, West Indies. Material examined.— Charlotte Harbor, Florida; Union College Collection (745, 746, 757, 763); 8 males, 1 female (deposit in U.S.N.M., Cat. Nos. 49217, 49218, 49219, 49220). St. Thomas, West Indies; summer, 1915; Clarence R. Shoemaker}; 1 male holotype (49216). . | b a | THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, O97 PINNCTHERES TAYLORI, new species. Plate 21, figs. 5-8. Lype-locality—Ucluelet, British Columbia; in transparent tuni- cate; Geological Survey of Canada; female holotype (40397). Diagnosis.—Carapace in both sexes of subequal length and width. Chela inflated. Fourth leg shorter than the others which are nearly equal; dactyli slender, curved, similar; in male a fringe of long hair on legs 2 and 3. Male hairy all over. Description of female.—O£ small size. Carapace thin, but fairly firm, of equal length and width, very convex, subhexagonal, the side-margins parallel behind antero-lateral angles, the postlateral portion of the branchial region forming a steep facet strongly in- clined to remainder of dorsal surface; cardiac region surmounted by two small tubercles side by side; cardiac and posterior gastric region defined by shallow grooves; posterior margin convex. In ventral view the posterior line of the antennular cavi- ties, of the minute, basal segment of the antennae and the lower border of the orbit form a single transverse line. Buccal cavity broadly hemispheri- cal; penult segment of outer maxilliped broadly obliquely-truncate; last seg- wie, 49.—PrinnorHeres TAYLORI, meu stall. attached near distal end of ~~ “S*S0Ch*rs oF corn: MAREE : : ; OF MALE (40397), X 40. the preceding and not overreaching it. Chelipeds hairy inside; manus much inflated, upper and lower margins convex; fingers equally stout, tips strongly hooked, a small tooth near base of dactyl, a larger tooth or lobe near middle of im- movable finger. The chelipeds are shaped much as in pugettensis but are much smaller, specimens of subequal size compared. Of the ambulatory legs, 1 and 4 are subequal, shorter than 2 and 3, which are subequal; propodi convex on anterior and straight on posterior margin; dactyli shorter than propodi, curved and with slender tips, that ot first leg shorter then the others which are sub- equal to one another; propodi and dactyli hairy. Description of riale. —A little smaller than female and hairy all over; hair thick and matted on dorsal surface of carapace but not on oblique branchial facets or on ventral surface. Carapace widest at antero-lateral angles, the side margins converging slightly poster- iorly; cardiac region defined by a furrow. Chelipeds larger than in female and clothed with long hair; manus more inflated than in female. The legs of the first three pairs are 65863—17—_—T | 98 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. nearly of a length, of the fourth pair shorter; besides the close, short hair with which they are covered, there is on the posterior surface of the last three segments of the second and third legs a thin fringe of long, fine hairs; it extends obliquely across carpus and near upper ecge of propodus and dactylus; dactyli similar, curved, rather nar- row with long, slender tips. Segments of abdomen separate; lateral margins of third segment arcuate; terminal segment equilaterally triangular, blunt-pointed. Measurements.—Yemale, holotype, length and width of carapace each 4.4 mm.; male (40397), length 4.8, width 4.2 mm. Ilabitat.—In transparent tunicates. Range.—British Columbia. Material examined.— Departure Bay, British Columbia; in a transparent tunicate; George W. Taylor, collector; 1 male, 1 young female (39127). “ Common.” Ucluelet, British Columbia; in transparent tunicates; Geological Survey of Canada; 1 male, 1 female holotype (40397). Variations.—The immature female from Departure Bay has an abdomen almost as narrow as the male, which in other respects it entirely resembles. In both the carapace has a more uneven surface than in the male from Ucluelet which is a little larger, and the lat- eral margin at widest part of carapace shows a short raised rim. PINNCTHERES ORCUTTI, new species. Plate 22, figs. 5 and 6. Type-locality.—Manzanillo, Mexico; October, 1910; C. R. Orcutt, collector; 1 male holotype, dried (49215). aca —Longer than broad, hairy. Cheliped very stout. See- ond leg longest, fourth ioces dactyli slender, curved, subequal. End joint of outer maxilliped minute, attached to distal, oblique margin of preceding segment. Description of male.-—Small. Carapace subhexagonal, longer than broad, broadest in posterior half, very uneven, postero-lateral portion of branchial region forming a steep triangular facet; dorsal surface densely hairy and bordered by a raised rim; cardiac region sur- rounded by a furrow except anteriorly, and surmounted by a median tubercle near its posterior end. Front truncate, corners rounded, a small but clear-cut, triangular, median notch; behind this runs a broad median furrow. Lateral margins long, convex; postero-lateral margins short, concave; posterior margin short and straight. Basal segment of antenna elongate and very obliquely placed. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 99 Merus of outer maxilliped very wide and angled; propodus broadly subtriangular, having a minute linear dactylus inserted on the proxi- mal portion of its oblique distal margin. Cheliped (left only is present) stout, manus short, increasing greatly in width toward distal end where it is higher than superior length; lower margin of propodus straight except distal half of finger curved upward, well overlapping dactylus; edge of immovable finger with a few teeth of which the one at middle is largest; dactylus also wide at base, and strongly arched. Legs narrow, length 2.1 and 3. 4that is, 2 longest, 1 and 3 next, and of about equal length; propodi with both margins convex except the hind margin of the second one which is straight; dactyli slender, curved, subequal, with spinelike tips. lic. 50.—PINNOTHERES ORCUTTI, ENDO- Abdomen suboblone. terminal GNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED OF MALE 3) aes = WOLOTYPE, X G7. segment transversely oblong and longer than the sixth segment which has a shallow rightangled indentation on either side. Color.—Dorsal surface of dried specimen a dark purple except across front, on posterior margin and posterior half of cardiac region. Aleasurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 3.6, width of same 3.1 mm. Léange.—\Known only from the type-locality. PINNOTHERES HEMPHILLI, new spccies. Plate 23. Type-locality— Cedar Keys, Florida; between tides; Henry Hemp- hill; “seems rare”; 1 male (6420). Diagnosis.—Male octagonal. Chelipeds stout. Second leg longest, as also its propodus and dactylus; propodus concave on posterior margin. Dactylicurved. Sternum sharply ridged. Description of male—Small and almost bare. Carapace suboc- tagonal, the posterior margin twice as long as anterior margin, mid- lateral margins parallel to median line, as long as postlateral mar- gins, antero-lateral margins (to angles of front) longest. Carapace depressed, somewhat wrinkled. Outer maxillipeds in situ short and wide; partly overlapped by sternum; the outer margin of ischium-merus broadly arcuate; palpus 100 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with the first two joints short and broad, the dactylus small, inserted near middle of margin of propodus. Chelipeds stout; a tuft of hair at distal, inner angle of merus; manus nearly as wide as superior length, and increasing distally in width a little, upper margin almost straight, lower convex, distal width greater than width across base of fingers; fingers broad at base, regularly tapering, denticulate on prehensile edges, a tooth at base of right dactyl. Fig. 51.—PINNOTHERES HEMPHILLI, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF MALE HOLOTYPE, X 110. The length of the legs is expressed by 2.3.1.4; the second is dis- tinctly longer than the others; and especially is its propodus, which differs also from the others in its concave posterior margin; posterior margin of propodus 1 convex, of 3 and 4 straight, anterior margin of all convex; dactyli curved, the second one longer and narrower than all the others; dactyli 1, 3, and 4 are very stout at base, sub- conical with short curved tip. Sternum with a sharp obliquely transverse crest running inward from base of legs 1, 2, and 3. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 2.3, width 3 mm. Range.—Known only from the type-locality. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 101 PINNOTHERES GUERINI Milne Edwards. Pinnotheres guerini Mitne Epwarps, Ann, Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 219 [185], pl. 11, fig. 9 (type-locality, Cuba; type in Paris Mus.).—GunptacH, Madrid, vol, 16, 1887, p. 124. Pinnateres guerini von Martens, Arch. f. Natur., vol. 38. 1872, p. 105. Diagnosis.—Female?. Maxillipeds wide, palp very large, dactylus large, subspatulate. Hands bare, short and punctate (Miine Ed- wards). Carapace nearly one and one-half Fie. 52.—PINNOTHERES times broader than long (von Martens). GUERINI, OUTER MAXILLIPED sags ee E OF HOLOTYPE, ENLARGED. Habitat.—In oysters (Gundlach). Chen ite Hew aeeey Range.—Cuba (Milne Edwards, von Martens); Porto Rico (Gundlach). PINNOTHERES HIRTIMANUS Milne Edwards. Pinnotheres hirtimanus Mitnr Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 8, Zool., vol, 20, 1853, p. 219 [185] (type-locality, Cuba; type in Paris Mus.). Diagnosis.—Female?. Maxillipeds as in P, guerini. Hands elon- gate and strongly ciliated on lower margin. (Milne Edwards.) Fange.—Cuba (Milne Edwards). Genus FABIA Dana. Fabia Dana, Amer, Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 290; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851 (1852), p. 253; type, F. subquadraia Dana. Raphonotus RarHBuUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 166; type, 2. subquadratus Dana. Female near Pinnotheres. Carapace marked by two longitudinal sulci which extend backward from the upper margin of the orbits, inclosing between them the median area. The anterior portion of the carapace is so deflexed that the orbital and antennal area is ventrally situated; fronto-orbital distance narrow; frontal margin flush with antennular surface, and not forming a projecting hood; orbits round, eyestalks spherical, corneas small. Terminal segment of palp of outer maxilliped articulating on inner margin of penult segment. Second ambulatory leg longest; dactyli short. Male not known. Restricted to North American waters. Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: byssomiae (Atlantic) ; canfieldi (Pacific). ; KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS FABIA. A’, Legs of second pair alike. B*. A transverse pubescent sulcus across front, Palm distally widened. subquadrata, p. 102. B*. No transverse sulcus or pubescence across front. Palm not distally WAG ONGC ee coe pe eee eee ee a ce meene lowet, p. 104, 102 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. A®, Legs of second pair unlike, the right longer than the left. B*. Second right propodite straight and tapering from proximal to distal end. slender. Chelae feeble, fingers horizontal___._.-_______ byssomiac, p. 105. B?. Second right propodite straight and tapering from proximal to distal end. Legs not very siender, the first stout. Chelae not feeble, fingers de- HON GON Sc ee cp aE 2 eS ee canfieldi, p. 106. FABIA SUBQUADRATA Dana. Plate 24, figs. 1 and 3. Fabia subquadraia DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851, p. 2538 (type-locality, Puget Sound; type not extant); Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 382; atlas, 1855, pl. 24, fig. 5 a—e.—Hotmes, Oceas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 87 (part; not specimen from San Pedro, described). Raphonotus subquadratus Ratusun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 186 (part; not specimen from Monterey). Diagnosis.—Front with transverse, pubescent sulcus. Last seg- ment of maxilliped reaches end of penult segment. Palm widens Vic. 538.—lFAaABIA SUBQUADRATA, FEMALE. a, OUTER MAXILLIPED (17480), X 14; 0b, DORSAL VIEW OF BODY AND LAST TWO LEGS, X 14; ¢, BIGHT CHELA, X 1%; b AND c FROM MONTEREY Bay, AFTER WEYMOUTH. distally. Two rows of hair on lower surface of palm, the mner one continued to end of propodal finger. Description of female-—Carapace smooth, glossy, membranaceous, subquadrate in outline with angles broadly rounded; space between longitudinal sulci longer than wide and slightly narrowed behind; antero-lateral margin rounded, and marked by a round cluster of pits. Front turned abruptly downward, the vertical part crossed by a shallow, pubescent, transverse sulcus, running between uppermost line of orbits. Eyestalks almost spherical, corneas small. Basal joint of antenna short and wide, situated mostly behind eye. — Penultimate joint of palp of outer maxilliped broad, flat, bearing the minute third joint near middle of inner margin. Cheliped smooth, stouter than legs; hand elongate, increasing in width to distal end, margins almost straight, inner surface hairy; two rows of hair below, the innermost one continued to end of finger; THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 103 fingers much shorter than palm, a little gaping, tips crossing, im- movable finger nearly horizontal, dactylus with a large tooth just behind middle which fits into a Eorrcenon iat sinus in ihe Pye finger; this last has a small tooth at base. poss slender, glossy, both margins of merus and dactylus and Preterion margins of carpus and propodus pubescent; relative length of legs 2. 3. 1. 4; propodites with convex anterior margins, first and fourth pairs with straight, and second and third with concave, pos- terior margin, dactyli curved, much shorter than preceding segment. Abdomen much larger than carapace. Color.—Female (49627), the greater part of the carapace, especially the antero-lateral regions and a broad, longitudinal stripe on the abdomen, are orange chrome in a formalin-preserved specimen; re- mainder of specimen whitish. Measurements.—Female (23928), length of carapace 10, width of same 12.5 mm. Wx1G. 54.— FABIA SUBQUADRATA. ad, VENTRAL VIEW OF FRONT AND MOUTH, ENLAKGED, b, END OF A LEG, ENLARGED. (AFTER DANA.) Habitat—Commensal in bivalve mollusks. Range—From off Akutan Pass, Alaska, to Laguna Beach, Cali- fornia. To a depth of 45 fathoms. Material examined.— Off S. entrance to Akutan Pass, Alaska; lat. 53° 56’ N.; long. 165° 56’ W.; 45 fathoms; brk. Sh. P.; temp. 43.5° F’.; July 28, 1888; station 2843, ees i female (17480). Hamthortd Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia; in Mya arenaria; May 20, 1916; C. McLean Pree 1 female (49627). Oyster Bay, Rachie ehon fron hatter ” clam; Dec. 5, 1914; Biological Survey, U. S. Deoaeed of Agriculture; 1 female ovig. (coll. Biol. Surv.). Pacific Grove, California; from mantle cavity of Afytilus edulis; John C. Brown; 2 females (23928). Pacific Grove; 9 females (3 ovig.) and 1 y. female in A/ytilus (Mus. Stanford Univ.). Laguna Beach, California; William A. Hilton; sent to United States National Museum for identification. 104 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. FABIA LOWEI (Rathbun). Plate 24, figs. 2 and 4. Fabia subquadrata Lockineton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 155 [11], (part; specimen from San Diego).—HoiMmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. S87 (part; speci- men from San Pedro in Tapes, described). Raphonotus lowei RatuBun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 590 (type-locality, San Pedro Bay, California, in siphon of Pholas pacifica; holotype fe- male, Cat. No. 23437, U.S.N.M.); Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 186, text-fig. 93. Dagnosis.—Front smooth and naked, without sulcus. Last seg- ment of maxilliped does not reach end of penult segment. Palm not widening distally. A single row of hair on lower surface of palm, Description of female—Carapace a little wider than in sub- quadrata, which it strongly resembles. Front without trace of shal- low, transverse sulcus and without pubescence. Last segment of outer maxilliped does not reach end of penult segment. The palm does not widen distally, its margins being subparallel or a little convex; only one line of hair on lower surface, which a is continued to end of finger. Fic, 55.—Fania towel, remate (23437). a, Ex- Fingers less arched and less DOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILUIPED, X 10; 6, LEFT gaping than in subquadrata. CHELA, X 4, . : Posterior margin of pro- podus of first leg convex, of last leg slightly concave. Color.—tIn life, whitish; carapace and abdomen largely covered with orange (Holmes). Habitat—Commensal in bivalve mollusks, namely, Pholas, Pachy- desma, Modiola, and Tapes=Paphia. Measurements—Female (23437) length of carapace 10, width of same 12.5 mm. Range.—California, from San Pedro to San Diego. Material examined. — San Pedro Bay; in siphon of Pholas pacifica; H. N. Lowe; 2 females ovig. (1 holotype) (23437). San Pedro; in siphons of mussel, Afodiola modiolus; H. N. Lowe: 29 females (14 ovig.) (29945). San Pedro; H. N. Lowe; 1 female ovig. (32978). Long Beach, California; H. N. Lowe; 15 females (13 ovig.) (49291). Alamitos Bay; in mantle cavity of Pholas californica; Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 female (45583). San Clemente Island; H. N. Lowe; 1 female (29944). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERIOGA. 105 San Diego; from Pachydesma crassatelloides; AH. Hemphill; 1 female ovig. (2272). : San. Diego; H. Hemphill; 1 female (17299). FABIA BYSSOMIAE (Say). Plate 24, figs. 6 and 8. Pinnotheres byssomiae Say, Proc, Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 451 (type-locality, inhabits the Byssomia distorta {southern Atlantic coast of United States]; type in Mus. Phila, Acad. Sci.). Diagnosis —Legs of second pair unlike, right much longer than left. Chelipeds feeble, palm widest at distal end. Legs very slender. Description of female.—Of small size. Longitudinal sulci limiting frontal region very deep, parallel for greater part of their length, convergent anteriorly and posteriorly where they terminate in 2 large pits. Posterior margin transverse. First and second segments of palp of outer maxilliped of subequal size; dactyl attached behind middle of propodus and not reaching its extremity. Chelipeds and legs nearly naked. Chelipeds feeble, but stouter than legs; palms widening a little distally, margins nearly straight, a row of Jong hair on inner side of lower surface, and continued to end of finger; fingers horizontal, shorter than palm, tips crossing, gape very slight, a tooth near base of dactyl. Legs slender; relative length, 2. 3. 1. Fic. 56.—F asia BYSSOMIAE, OUTER 45 second leg on right side very much MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE (25648), (half again) longer than on left side; xX 21, att ; ; propcdites 8 and 4 and left 2 increase in width a little toward distal end, their anterior margins convex, posterior about straight; propedite right 2 half again as long as left 2, of uniform width and slightly curved; propodite 1 widest in middle, subchelate, hairy below distal half; other propodites and dactyls with a few scattered hairs below; dactyli falcate and similar except that of right 2 which is longer and less curved than its mate. Abdomen covering whole lower surface of body. Measurements —Female (25648), length of carapace 5.4, width of same 6.8, length of right leg of second pair about 12, of left leg of same pair about 8 mm. Habitat.—Say says of the Byssomia with which this crab is com- mensal: “It imbeds itself in the large Alcyonium of the southern coast, and between individuals of a species of aggregating Ascidia.” Range.—‘ Southern coast”; west Florida; northwest Cuba. 106 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Material examined.— “Southern coast”; in Saxicava arctica (Linnaeus) =Byssomya distorta; 1 female holotype, dried and in very bad shape (Mus. Phila. Acad.). Tampa Bay, Florida; 1901; Fish awk; 1 female (25648). West end of Santa Lucia Bay, northwest Cuba; with mollusks; 2 to 5 fathoms; May 15, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Zomas Barrera Exped.; 1 female ovig. (48595). FABIA CANFIELDI, new species. Plate 24, figs. 5 and 7. Raphonoius subquadratus RatHBun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 186 (part: specimen from Monterey). Type-locality—Monterey, California; in folds of the keyhole limpet, Lucapina crenulata; Dr. C. A. Canfield; 1 holotype female, Cat. No. 3445. Diagnosis —Legs of second pair unlike, right much longer than left. First leg stoutest. Propodites of legs, except second right, ae thickening toward distal end. Fingers deflexed. Description of female.—Cara- pace of unique specimen very soft and so crushed as to be for the most part beyond description. Front devoid of hair and with Fic, 57.—Fasia canvietpi, vemMALe moro- a short, longitudinal median de- TYPE, OUTER MAXNILLIPED, X 21. pression. Second segment of palp of outer maxilliped very small, shorter and narrower than first segment, and having the narrow terminal seg- ment attached at about its middle. As in subquadrata the palm increases in width to the distal end, the fingers are longer and inclined downward a little, the lower margin of the propodus being more markedly sinuous than in sub- guadraia, fingers not gaping, hairy along inner surface, a prehensile tooth at middle of dactyl and a smailer one at base of propedal finger. Legs subcylindrical, naked, relative lengths 2. 3. 1. 4, the second leg on right side one-third longer than on left; first leg stouter than the others; propodites slightly curved, but, while having nearly parallel margins, they are a trifle stouter at distal end; an exception is that of second right leg which tapers to distal end; dactyli short, slender-conical, and little curved up to the hooked, horny tip, except the second right one, which is quite straight up to the tip and is also the longest. TIE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. LO? Measurements.—Female holotype, carapace apparently about 7 mm. wide; approximate length of legs of second pair, left 84, right 11 mm. Range.—KKnown only from the type-locality. Genus PARAPINNIXA Holmes. Pscudopinniza WHotmes, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, ° p. 563; type, P. nitida (Lockington). Not Pseudopinnira Ortmann, . 1894. Parapinniza Houses, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 587. Name substituted for Pseudopinniza Holmes, not Ortmann, Carapace calcified, much broader than long, anterior margin nearly straight, frontal process deflexed. Orbits nearly round. Antennules obliquely or transversely plicate, fossettes communicating with each other beneath front. Buccal area small, very broadly subtriangular. External maxillipeds with ischium rudimentary, merus large, sub- triangular; palp three-jointed, terminal segment joined to tip of preceding one. First leg largest, others successively diminishing in length, last pair very small. Abdomen of female small, not covering sternum. Confined to America. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARAPINNIXA. A*, Carapace more than twice as wide as long. Dactyli of ambulatory legs similar. : B*. Fingers gaping, prehensile edges without tooth. Propodus of second and third legs small, narrower than their respective merus joints. nitida. p. 107. B®. Fingers meeting. movable finger with basal tooth. Propodus of second and third legs large, as wide as their respective merus joints. hendersoni, p. 109. A®, Carapace less than twice as wide as long. B’. Eyes small. Dactyli of second and third legs longer and slenderer than those of first and fourth legs. C@. Movable finger with tooth near middle_____-_____________ afinis, p. 111. C*. Movable finger with tooth near base___________________ bouvieri, p. 111. B’*. Eyes large. Dactyli of all legs similar______________ beaufortensis. p. 112. ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT. Atlantic. Pacific, hendersoni. nitida. bouvieri. affinis. PARAPINNIXA NITIDA (Lockington). Pinniza (?) nitida Lockxineron, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 155 [11], part: “male” (really female) only (type-locality, Angeles Bay, Gulf of California; type not extant). Pseudopinniza nitida Hoimers, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 566, pl. 20, figs. 8, 9. Parapinniza nitida Hotmers, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 587, explanation of figs. 8, 9. Diagnosis —Carapace more than twice as wide as long. Fingers without teeth and gaping. Dactyli of legs similar, short and hooked. 108 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Propodus of second and third legs small, narrower than their re- spective merus joints. Description of female holotype (after Holmes).—Carapace smooth, shining, a little over twice as wide as long, longitudinally convex, transversely plane, sides evenly rounded; anterior margin straight; front broadly triangular, short, much deflexed, not projecting, a groove behind margin. Orbits nearly as wide as long, inner hiatus wide and partly filled by base of minute antennae. Antennules plicated nearly transversely. Epistome very short, curved. Buccal area broadly subtriangular, rounded in front, posterior portion covered by a projection of sternum. Maxillipeds subtriangular, ischium rudimentary; merus large, the portion nearer the mouth bent inward at a considerable angle to outer face; first joint of palp short and stout, second oblong, third very small. Chelipeds rather short, moderately stout, smooth; merus not much longer than carpus; hand a little compressed, palm thickened, two Fig. 58.—-PARAPINNIXA NITIDA, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, @, GENERAL OUTLINE, X 23; b, OUTER MAXILLIPED, ENLARGED. (AFTER HOLMES.) longitudinal lines of short cilia on outer surface; fingers scarcely as long as palm, toothless, hooked at tip; on upper surface of movable finger a line of cilia roughened by minute projections. Legs ciliated on margins; first leg stouter and a little longer than others, anterior surface of merus smooth and concave where it rubs against chelipeds, next two joints stout, dactylus short, subcylindri- cal, curved, and tapers rapidly to an acute, corneous tip; third leg a little shorter than second, both more compressed than first leg; dactyli similar in all three legs; fourth leg very short, not reaching distal end of merus of third, propodus relatively wider than in other legs, dactylus similar to others. Abdomen small, not covering half of sternum; sides of posterior portion concave. Color.—tIn spirits, bright orange, chelipeds and legs straw yellow. Measurements—Female holotype, length of carapace 5-+-mm., width of same 11 mm. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 109 Locality —Gulf of California at Angeles Bay, Mexico. Known only from type female, which was destroyed in San Francisco earth- quake fire. PARAPINNIXA HENDERSONI, new species. Plate 26, figs. 1-5. Lype-locality—Los Arroyas, Cuba; Tomas Barrera Exped.; holo- type male, Cat. No. 48710, U.S.N.M. Diagnosis.—Carapace more than twice as wide as long. Movable _ finger with basal tooth, immovable finger without teeth. Fingers not gaping. Dactyli of legs similar, short and hooked. Propodus of second and third legs large, as wide as their respective merus joints. Description of male.—Carapace smooth, shining, a little over twice as wide as long, longitudinally very convex, transversely slightly — ptm Cra Gy Fic, 59.—PARAPINNIXA HENDERSONI, FEMALE (48711), OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 61. convex, sides arcuate, at the widest part margined by a thin rim which is pubescent; anterior margin nearly straight, a row of four distant pits behind margin, fronto-orbital width about one-third of carapace width; front broadly triangular, deflexed, point invisible in dorsal view, edge marginate and pubescent; further back a pubescent groove runs subparallel to frontal margin and terminates in orbital margin; below this groove are three pits in a triangle. Orbits circu- lar, filled by eyes, corneae black, visible from above. Antennular cavities very large, not wholly separated from each other or from the orbits, bordering on the latter almost to their highest point and ex- tending sideways farther than the minute antenne. Buccal cavity small, subtriangular; merognath transversely elon- gate, triangular; palp small, largely folding under merus, its outer edge straight and longitudinal, as is also the greater part of the dis- tal border of merus; propodus very elongate, dactylus semioyal. 4 110 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chelipeds short and stout, especially the merus, partly hairy in- side, palm hairy outside in the distal part and in two bands leading toward carpus; palms very thick, protuberant inside at the middle; fingers stout, meeting when closed, tips hooking by each other; dacty- ius with a granulate, pubescent rim above, a shallow, basal tooth below which fits an excavation in the thumb. Edges of legs more or less pubescent; on the second and third pairs a line of long hairs apphed to the posterior surface of carpus and propodus, and attached near upper edge of the latter and obliquely on the surface of the former; first leg very large and thick, fourth very small, not exceeding merus of third, second and third more nearly of a size; all the dactyli are similar, falcate, and when flexed fit closely in a corresponding groove on the propodus, which in the first three pairs has a rounded end, but in the last pair is broadly truncate and. as broad as long. Abdomen broad at base, covering greater part of sternal width; third segment widest, ends rounded and longer than middle part; fourth segment partly invaginated in third; sides of abdomen con- eave from fourth to angle near base of seventh; latter very long, with rounded extremity. Description of female—Like male, except for the abdomen; this is small compared to sternum, widest at third segment, after that sub- triangular with concave sides, last segment almost an equilateral tri- angle with blunt point; segments 1 to 6 of subequal length; margin fringed with long hair. Color.—Specimens in alcohol show small, brownish pigment spots. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 4, width of same 8.3 mm.; female (48711), length of carapace 3.5, width of same 8 mm. Iabitat—Y¥ree-swimming, as all the specimens examined from Cuba were taken in plankton with a submarine light. Range.—Cuba; Gulf of Mexico. Material examined.—Taken on the northwest coast of Cuba, by Henderson and Bartsch while on the Zomas Barrera Expedition May, 1914; as follows: Off Santa Lucia; May 12; 1 male, 3 females (48711). Los Arroyas; May 19-20; station 8; 1 male holotype, 1 female (48710), 1 female (48709), 1 female (48712). Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; May 22-23; station 11; 1 male (48713). Gulf of Mexico: West coast of Florida; lat. 28° 45’ 00’ N.; long. 85° 02’ 00’ W.; 80 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Co.; Mar. 15, 1885; station 2405, Albatross; 1 female young (50166). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. Tt PARAPINNIXA AFFINIS Holmes. Parapinnixa afinis Hotmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 95 (type-locality, Dead Mans Island, San Pedro, California; type in Mus. Univ. California). Diagnosis——Carapace less than twice as wide as long. Movable finger with tooth near middle, immovable finger with two teeth near tip. Dactyls of first and fourth legs short and stout, of second and third legs longer and slenderer. ‘Description of female (after Holmes).—Near P. nitida, but cara- pace less than twice as wide as long; front triangular, with a short, median groove. Antennules oblique. Maxillipeds with perhaps a two-jointed palp, but this is uncertain. Chelipeds stout, smooth; hand thickened, smooth, rounded above and below; dactyl- hooked at tip, armed with a small tooth near middle of inner margin, pollex with two teeth at tip. First leg larger than others, dactyl short and stout; next two legs compara- tively slender, dactyls longer; last leg small, reaching about to tip of merus of preceding leg, dactyl short and stout. Abdomen widest at third segment, behind which it is triangular, tip broadly rounded. Size.—Not given. Locality—Dead Mans Island, San Pedro, California. Known only from type female. PARAPINNIXA BOUVIERI,? new species. Plate 25, figs. 4-10. Type-locality—Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan; 25 fathoms; station 2362, Albatross; holotype female, Cat. No. 23441, U.S.N.M. Diagnosis.—Carapace less than twice or barely twice as wide as long. Movable finger with tooth near tip. Dactyls of first and fourth legs short and stout, of second and third legs longer and slenderer. Description—Minute. Carapace not more than twice as wide as long, otherwise much asin hendersoni. The outer maxilliped when folded in place is triangular with the two free corners rounded and the longitudinal side about two-thirds as long as the posterior side, which is at right angles to it. The merus-ischium is obliquely truncate at the distal end, leaving the first joint of the palpus exposed; propodus elongate, distally tapering, dactylus very small, suboval; both these joints fold under the merus. Chelae a little higher than in hendersoni, the propodus with con- vex, not sinuous, lower margin; immovable finger subtriangular, broad at base, a small tooth on prehensile edge near tip; dactyl with a 8h Ula sR idh bh 93 SRN Moet Re i ek *Named for Prof. E. L. Bouvier, Museum of Natural Uistory, Paris, France. 112 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. a small basal tooth, remaining edge very finely and irregularly denticulate. Legs similar to those of hendersoni, first leg shorter, especially merus and propodus, merus not reaching laterally beyond carpus of cheliped; propodus of last leg not so widely truncate at distal end as in hendersoni; the same applied hairs on second and third legs; pee dactyli of second and { oN third legs longer and slenderer than of first \ \ » and fourth. Sides of male abdomen Prete “ more gradually conver- gent than in hendersoni; a he seventh segment not more than one and one- TS Ve half times as long as \™ wide. Sides of triangu- ‘lar part of female abdo- men straight, not con- cave. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace, 1.6, width of same 3.1, fronto-orbital width 1.1mm. Male (Charleston), length of carapace ?, width of same 3.5 mm. Range.—Charleston, South Carolina, to Yucatan, Mexico. Specimens examined.— Charleston, South Carolina; off the bar; L. Agassiz; 1 male, with parasite in left branchial chamber (5744, M.C.Z.). Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan; lat. 22° 08’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 53’ 30’ W.; 25 fathoms; Co. S.; Jan. 30, 1885; station 2362, Albatross; 1 female holotype (23441). Es oN Fico. 60.—PARAPINNIXA BOUVIERI, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 100. PARAPINNIXA BEAUFORTENSIS, new species. Type-locality —Off Beaufort, North Carolima; on fishing grounds, i mile S. of Fishing Buoy (20 miles off Beaufort Inlet) ; 16 fathoms; hrd.; July 20, 1915; station 8293, steamer Fish Hawk; 1 male (Cat. No. 50170, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Carapace about 14 times-as wide as long. Eyes large. Fingers of male not gaping. Dactyli of legs curved and having long, slender, horny tips. Description of male.—Carapace rather regularly oval, convex, with the surface behind the anterior border depressed and plumose 3. regions indicated by a series of pits which are light brown in the specimen preserved in alcohol. Fronto-orbital width 3 as great as width of carapace; front about 2 width of carapace, a large emargi- TILE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. rs nation at its middle in dorsal view; edge of lobes sinuous. A tuft of hair on either side of dorsal surface near lateral margin, but not projecting sideways beyond that margin. A similar tuft, attached to the ventral surface, projects beyond the margin. FEyes large, of a bronze-brown color. The outer maxilli- peds are characteristic ofthe genus. Although it was not possible to get an exact drawing (see fig. 62), yet they seem to be near those of P. nitida. Chelipeds stout; car- ric. 61.—PararINNIXA BEAUFORTENSIS, MALE HOLOTYPR, pus squarish in dorsal DORSAL VIEW, WITH RIGHT CHELIPED DETACHED, X 20. view, its outer distal angle prominent; palm inflated, margins con- vex, lower margin hairy, width greater at distal than proximal end, the upper distal angle higher than base of dactylus; dactylus about as long as upper edge of palm; both fingers much curved; when closed the tips cross and there is no gape, the thin and ir- regularly denticuiate Fic. 62.—DPakaPINNIXA BEAUFORTENSIS, OUTER MAXIL- edoesg fitting together. LIVED OF MALE HOLOTYLE, X 176. = = ss . Legs fringed with long hair, especially on the propodites, where there is a border of hair on the lower margin, and in the second and third legs, a row of still longer hair attached near the upper margin on the posterior sur- face, the length of the hairs being twice as great as the width of the propodite. The legs di- minish in stoutness from the first to the fourth. The first leg is a little longer than the second, the third about as long = as the first. Propodites Fic. 63.—PARAPINNIXA BEAUFORTENSIS, MALE HOLO- stout, upper margins con- TYPE, VENTRAL VIEW, X 20. vex. Dactylus of first three legs long, curved, the slender horny tips about half the entire length; dactylus of fourth leg similar in shape, but very much smaller. 65863—-17——8 114 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Abdomen of male suboblong, distally tapering, at base not more than half the width of the sternum; sutures faint, except that mark- ing the subtriangular terminal segment. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 1, width of same 1.3 mm. Locality.— Known only from the type-locality, given above. Remarks.—This species is much narrower than any other Para- pinnixa, and its eyes much larger. It is possible that the tiny specimen represents a postlarval stage of an unknown adult; that is, a stage having a crab form, but not the adult form; this idea seems to be indicated (1) by its small size; (2) by the eyes, large in pro- portion to the size of the body, as in most zoeae and megalops; (8) by the feathery ornamentation of the legs and carapace, which assist in maintaining a pelagic existence; and (4) by the thin pre- hensile edges of the fingers, which suggest that in another molt or two they might disappear and leave narrow, gaping fingers. Genus DISSODACTYLUS Smith. Dissodactylus.SmirH, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 172; type, D. nitidus Smith. Echinophilus RatHsun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 590; type, H. mellitae Rathbun, Carapace broader than long, pentagonal, broad behind, broadest. at antero-lateral angles; surface not areolated; front narrow, hori- zontal, its margin continuous with arcuate antero-lateral margins. Eyes minute, superior margin of orbit slightly or not at all emargi- nate. Antennules transverse. Epistome usually very short, so that the labial border approaches very near the front, leaving only o narrow space, which is nearly filled by the antennulae. The labial border is not interrupted in the middle by any projection or emargi- nation and is continuous with lateral margin of buccal area. Palate without longitudinal ridges. Ischium and merus of maxillipeds coalescent; palpus composed of two or three segments, the dactylus, when present, small. Chelipeds of moderate size; fingers longitudinal. The ambulatory legs are small and differ little in length; dactyli of three anterior pairs bifurcate, those of posterior pair usually simple. In the male the sternum is flat and very broad, breadth between posterior legs much more than twice as great as breadth of basal segments of abdomen. Male abdomen narrow and only three-jointed, the first and second segments anchylosed, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth also. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 115 united in one piece; in the female abdomen the segments are usually all free. Found only in America, where, so far as known, it lives on the outside of fiat sea-urchins, its bifurcate dactyls enabling it to cling’ to the spines of the urchin. Remarks.—The four new species are dedicated to those British carcinologists whose work has contributed most to 4 knowledge of the classification of decapod crustaceans. The outer maxillipeds of the seven species fall into two distinct groups. In one group the distal portion of the merus is suboblong, its distal margin more or less truncate, while the palpus is of con- siderable size relatively, the carpus and propodus nearly equal in size, the latter quadrilateral, in two instances bearing a minute dactylus at the distal inner corner, in two instances lacking a dacty- lus, though in nitidus there is evidence of a rudiment. In the other group the distal portion of the merus is suboval, narrowing to the extremity and the palpus is very small, its three joints rather squarely end to end. The form of the palpus is very difficult to determine in this genus as it is usually folded in a groove in the edge of the merus, and the segments, especially the dactylus, are easily broken off. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS DISSODACTYLUS. A’. Dactyl of fourth ambulatory leg simple, not bifurcate. Carapace with no more than one dorsal ridge on each side.. Antero-lateral margin entire, non-dentate. B*. Carapace with a dorsal ridge on either side proceeding inward from the lateral angle. WLeégs not slender. Cc. Dorsal ridge oblique. D*. Secondary spine of dactyls of legs 1, 2, and 3 of good size. \. Dactyls of legs 1, 2, and 3 bifurcate half way to their base. i“, Edge of front transverse. Carapace flat for the most part and narrow, being only one-twelfth wider than long. nitidus, p. 116. F’. Edge of front concave. Carapace very convex und wide, about one-fitth: wider than longi 2s oe alee mellitae, p. 117. E*. Dactyls of legs 1, 2, and 3 bifurcate less than halfway to their DHS@= 285 Soares eet Se et eel Seo eee encopei, p. 119. D*. Secondary spine of dactyls of legs 1, 2, and 3 minute and remote fropy primary: spines] - = 22s Se ae fee borradailei, p, 121, SM OLSAL Tide trANSVETSe@ ee es a ere eee ee stebbingi, p. 123. B*. Carapace without dorsal ridge. Legs slender___________-_ alcocki, p. 124, A’. Dactyl of fourth ambulatory leg bifurcate, as in the other pairs. Carapace covered with numerous transverse ridges. Antero-lateral margin dentate. calmant, p. 125. 116 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. DISSODACTYLUS NITIDUS Smith. Plate 26, figs. 6 and 7%. Dissodactylus nitidus SsrritH, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol 2, 1870, p. 1738 (type-locality, Panama; type in P.M.Y.U.).—RatH- BuN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 545, pl. 48, fig. 6. Diagnosis ——Carapace mostly flat. Dorsal ridge covering one- third of distance to median line. Dactyls of legs, 1, 2, and 3 bifur- cate halfway to base. Terminal segment of male abdomen nearly an equilateral triangle. Palp of outer maxilliped 2-jointed. Description of male-—Carapace broad posteriorly, breadth at pos- terior margin but little less than between lateral angles; postero- lateral margins about as long as antero-lateral. Dorsal surface naked and polished, slightly convex in front and along lateral margins, flat in middle and posteriorly. Antero-lateral border slightly arcuate, , Fic. 64.—DISSODACTYLUS NITIDUS, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE (22113), X 50. armed with an upturned margin which curves suddenly inward at lateral angle and extends one-third of way to middle of carapace; postero-lateral border nearly straight and armed with a slightly upturned margin. Distal half of merus of outer maxillipeds suboblong, with straight and parallel sides, distal angles rounded; segments of palp long, the tip when flexed reaches anterior margin of sternum; second segment spatulate, distal end broad and squarely truncate, with what seems to be a rudiment of a dactylus at the flexor, distal angle. Merus of chelipeds extends but little beyond margin of carapace; carpus short, smooth, unarmed; hands smooth, rounded, somewhat swollen; fingers slender, acutely pointed, slightly deflexed, prehensile edges minutely dentate; a small tuft of dense pubescence on lower edge of propodal finger near base. Legs slightly hairy along edges, merus, carpus, and propodus joints somewhat compressed; dactyli 1, 2, and 3 smooth, naked, divided THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. : 117 halfway to base; divisions cylindrical, acutely pointed, slightly curved, the anterior one of each leg somewhat longer than the poste- rior; dactylus 4 nearly straight, slightly compressed, sulcate above and below and naked. First and second segments of abdomen narrower than third and fused; third to sixth fused, slightly expanded at base, considerably contracted at distal end; terminal segment small, nearly an equi- lateral triangle. Appendages of first segment reach almost to ter- minal segment, and are straight for basal two-thirds, terminal por- tion turned sharply outward at obtuse angle; basal portion hairy along outer edge, terminal portion on both edges. (Smith.) Description of female—The female resembles the male. The postero-lateral margin of carapace is a little concave. The abdomen covers the width of the sternum but does not quite reach the extremity; all segments free, second nearly twice as long as first, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth of subequal length and each twice as long as second; seventh triangular, one-third as wide and two-thirds as long as sixth, sides sinuous, Color.—In alcohol, dirty white; Fie. 65.—Drssopacryrvs xitipvs, carapace marked with irregular, 7**?*"¢ 0" 7EMAUE (22118). X 11. transverse bands of purplish brown, and divisions of dactyli of first and third legs tipped with dark brown. (Smith.) Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 4.7, width of same 5.1mm. Female (22113), length of carapace 5.5, width 6 mm. Iange-——From Santa Maria Bay, Lower California, Mexico, to Peru. Toa depth of 54 fathoms. Material examined.— Off Santa Maria Bay, Lower California; in boat dredge; Mar. 18, 1911; Albatross; 3 males, 1 female (49229). Off Abreojos Point, Lower California; lat. 26° 42’ 30’ N.; long. 113° 34’ 15’’ W.; 54 fathoms; gn. M.; May 4, 1888; station 2835, Albatross; 2 females (22113). Bay of Sechura, W. of Matacaballa, Peru; about 5 fathoms, in trawl; Apr. 8, 1907; R. E. Coker, collector; recd. from Peruvian Gov- ernment; 1 female (40447). DISSODACTYLUS MELLITAE (Rathbun). Plate 28, figs. 7 and 8. Echinophilus mellitae RataBpun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 590 (type- locality. Pensacola, Florida, on Mellita testudinata; holotype, Cat. No. 23434, U.S.N.M.). 118 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dissodactylus melliiae RaTHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900 Dee (190R) pp. 21. Diagnosis.—Kdge of front concave. Dorsal ridge nearly as long as antero-lateral distance. Fingers of male gaping. Dactyli of legs 1-3 bifurcate for half their length. Male abdomen obtusely angled at sixth segment. Palp of outer maxilliped 2-jointed. Description.—Carapace distinctly wider at lateral angles than pos- teriorly ; antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins subequal. Dorsal surface nearly naked and smooth, very convex fore and aft, slightly so from side to side. Edge of front concave; antero-lateral borders arcuate and bearing a fine, raised, milled rim, which at the lateral angles curves inward on the carapace at an obtuse and rounded angle, and is continued on the dorsal surface for a distance nearly equal to antero-lateral distance; postero-lateral border with a straight rim; poste- rior margin sinuous. Merus-ischium of outer maxilliped sub- , spatulate; outer edge of carpus arcuate; propodus quadrate, A bik widening distally ; Fic. 66.—DisSsopacvyLUS MELLITAK, @, OUTER MANIi.LI- dactylus absent. PED OF BEMALE (40272), X 23; 6b, LEG OF PARATYPE Chelipeds of male (28484), X 15. moderately stout; merus and carpus smooth, propodus roughened with short, oblique ridges, punctate and hairy on their superior-distal side; upper mar- gin convex, lower sinuous; fingers a little defilexed, very narrowly gaping in proximal half, a depressed line of punctae on outer surface, edges entire, tips blunt. Chelipeds of female similar but feebler. Legs hairy on edges, compressed; merus joints very wide; carpus- propodus with convex anterior and posterior margins, the propodus strongly tapering, especially in last leg; the dactylus of legs 1, 2, and 3 divided halfway to base, forks slender, curved, acute, an- terior fork twice as long as posterior; dactylus 4 slender, straight, acuminate, furnished with long hair cn posterior margiu. In male abdomen, segments 1 and 2 are partially fused, also 3 to 6 inclusive, which have convex margins with a very obtuse angle on sixth segment: seventh subtriangular with convex sides. Append- ages of first segment overlap terminal segment; basal three-fifths stout and convergent; distal two-fifths slender and divergent. First segment of female abdomen linear, 2, 3, and 4 fused, 5 and 6 of sub- equal length, seventh broadly triangular, half as wide as sixth, sides sinuous. Eggs numerous, relatively large. | | : THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 119 Color.—Light, with scanty dark mottlings which persist in alcohol and are then of a purplish color. Measurements—Male (40271), length of carapace 2.9, width of same 3.5 mm. Female ovig. (40272), length of carapace 3.3, width of same 4.5 mm. Habitai.—Clings to the outside of key-hole urchin, AMellita quin- quesperforata=M. testudinata, and the sand-dollar, # chinarachnius parma. Range-—¥rom Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, to Pensacola, Florida. Material examined. Off Menemsha Bight, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts; 1 speci- men (U. S. Fisheries Lab., Woeds Hole). Western part of Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts; 114 fathoms; 1908; F. B. Sumner; 1 specimen (U.S. Fisheries Lab., Woods Hole). Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island; Beaver Tail Light S. E. by S., z mile; 8} fathoms; S. Sh.: Aug. 6, 1880; station 770, Fish Hawk; 2 males, 3 females, ovig. (40271). Narragansett Bay; E. of Brentons Reef Lightship ; 84-10 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; Aug. 23, 1880; stations 816-818, Fish Hawk; 7 males, 10 females (8 ovig.) (40272). Beaufort, North Carolina: Union College Collection, No. 72c; 1 female ovig. (deposit, U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 42788). Union College Collection, No. 57c; 1 female (deposit, U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 42789). Charleston, South Carolina; Feb. 8, 1852; L. Agassiz: 15 speci- mens (5729, M. C. Z.). Pensacola, Florida; on Mellita quinquesperforata; J. K. Benedict ; 20 specimens (i male is holotype) (23434). DISSODACTYLUS ENCOPELI Rathban. Plate 27, figs. 1-4. Dissodactylus encopei RATHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 22, text-fig. 5 a-e (type-loculity, Stann Creek, 38 miles south of Belize, British Honduras; holotype, Cat. No. 23430, U.S.N.M.). Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moret, Arch. Mus. Nae. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 44,1901, p. 37,.pl., 5 (type-locality. State of Rio Grande do Sul, on Encope, sp., probably #. enarginata; type in Mus, Nac. Rio de Janeiro). Diagnosis —Dorsal ridge short, oblique. Legs stout; dactyls 1-3 bifurcate for less than half their length. Sides of segments 3-6 of male abdomen convex; last segment an equilateral triangle. Palp of outer maxilliped 3-jointed. Description —Carapace very wide, about one and four-tenths as wide as long, posterior width but little less than greatest width. Dorsal surface nearly naked and polished, strongly convex fore and 120 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. aft, slightly so from side to side. Antero-lateral margins arcuate, marked by a very slightly raised line which after making a rounded turn at the lateral angle is continued obliquely on the dorsal surface for a short distance. Margin of front slightly convex, not advanced beyond the curve of the antero-lateral margins. Postero-lateral mar- ginal raised line sinuous and oblique. Posterior margin sinuous. Ventral surface and margins of carapace clothed with soft hair. Outer maxillipeds very small; inner distal angle of propodal seg- ment fits against inner angle of merus, which is thickened and clothed with hairs; merus-ischium subspatulate, curved; propodus about as long as carpus, widening distally, truncate, and bearing on the extremity at inner angle, a short, stumpy dactylus. Outer and upper surfaces of carpus and propodus of chelipeds crossed by oblique rugae fringed with hair; propodus elongate, sub- a Fic. G7.—DIssopACTYLUS ENCOPEI, MALE (23430). @, OUTLINE OF CARAPACE, X 6$ b, THIRD LEG, X 16; c, ENDOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 46; d, FOURTH LEG, X 16; €, CHELA, X 16. cylindrical; upper margin nearly straight, lower margin sinuous, | fingers deflexed, grooved, meeting when closed, tips acute, crossing, a tooth at base of dactyl fitting in sinus of propodal finger. Chelipeds of female more slender than of male. Legs sparingly fringed with long hair; dactyli 1-3 bifurcate for Jess than half their length, forks slender, curved, acuminate and largely horny; dactylus of last leg straight and styliform. In male abdomen, segments 1 and 2 fused, slightly constricted at middle, 38-6 inclusive fused, sides slightly convex, last segment an equilateral triangle; appendages of first segment not reaching last one, straight and far apart until near tips where they curve strongly outward; tips acute and bearing a few hairs. All segments separate in female abdomen, first half as long as second, second two-thirds as THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. Lear long as third; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth nearly equal; last more than half as wide as sixth, very short-triangular. Variations.—There is some variation in the width of carapace and legs and in the amount of bifurcation of dactyls. Measurements —Male (234380), length of carapace 4.6, width of same 6.6mm. Female (23430), length of carapace 5, width of same 7 mm. ZZabitat.—Clings to the outside of the thick keyhole urchin, £’n- cope emarginata, and probably also of LZ’. michelini, which replaces emarginata in the area between the Gulf of Mexico and Florida Keys and Yucatan. Lange.—¥ rom west coast of Florida to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To a depth of 28 fathoms. Material excamined.— West coast of Florida; lat. 26° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 25’ 15’ W.; 28 fathoms; fne. wh. S. bk. Sp. brk. Sh.; Mar. 18, 1885; station 2410, Albatross; one female (234382). West coast of Florida; lat. 26° 33” 30’’ N.; long. 83° 15’ 30’’ W.; 27 fathoms; fne. wh. S. bk. Sp.; Mar. 18, 1885; station 2411, Albatross; one male (23433). Jamaica; on underside of sand-dollars buried in sand; Sept. 1, 1910; kx. A. Andrews; one male, three females (41751). Off Vieques, Porto Rico; Cape San Juan Lighthouse NW. 4 N. 143 miles; 11 fathoms; Co. S. Sh.; temp. 26.2° C.; Feb. 8, 1899; station 6084, Fish Hawk, one male y. (24524). Stann Creek, 88 miles 8. of Belize, British Honduras; attached to lower surface of /ncope emarginata; W. A. Stanton; 14 specimens (23429) ; 20 specimens (1 male is holotype) (23480). Sabanilla, Colombia; Mar. 16-22, 1884; Albatross, three females (23431). DISSODACTYLUS BORRADAILEI,' new species. Plate 27, figs. 5-8. Ty pe-locality—Miami, Florida; 30 fathoms; John B. Henderson; 1 female holotype (Cat. No, 49230, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Carapace very convex; postero-lateral surface con- cave. Dorsal ridges run from lateral angles halfway to median line. Legs short, stout; secondary spine of dactyls minute and remote from primary spine. Palp of outer maxilliped 3-jointed. Description—Near encopei. Carapace longer and narrower, and even more convex fore and aft. The antero-lateral margin turns at the lateral angles in almost a right angle to form a low ridge 1 Named for Dr. L. A. Borradaile, Selwyn College, Cambridge, England. 122 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. which is continued obliquely inward and backward halfway to the median line; surface outside this ridge concave, so that the posterior dorsum appears very narrow; postero-lateral surface also hairy, con- eealing the postero-lateral margin, which is concave; carapace considerably narrower behind than across the middle; posterior mar- gin sinuous; frontal margin convex, following the antero-lateral arch, but viewed from an oblique anterior direction the front is bilobed. Buccal cavity anteriorly truncate. Outer maxillipeds large; merus subspatulate, broadly truncate at summit, inner corner rounded; carpus and propodus of good size, the latter widening a little toward distal end, outer two-thirds of distal margin truncate with rounded angles; inner third less produced and more oblique, bearing a short, bread dactylus which overreaches the propodus. Carpus and propodus of chelipeds ornamented with oblique, rugose, hairy lines; propodus thick, distally diminishing; palmar portion ee _—. — ~ } ; ry) ES oa | il i aft i \ Hi yey j te if MET As ‘ / Ht : aw — \ ] ae <4 Y frie N VE caus 0 Fic, 68.-—DISSODACTYLUS BOBRADAILEI, FEMALE (49231). a, OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 23; b, LEG, X 11. very convex below in proximal two-thirds; fingers stout, furrowed, prehensile margins crenulate, meeting when closed, tips acute, turned inward and overlapping. Legs short, stout, long-hairy; merus about twice as long as wide; dactyli nearly straight, tapering to a slender, slightly curved, horny tip; in the first three legs there is a slender, minute, subsidiary spine on the posterior margin, a little distal to the middle. Abdomen of male with segments 1 and 2 fused, and also 3 to 6, inclusive; side margins of 2 to 6, inclusive, convex, 7 an equilateral triangle. Abdomen of female with segments separate, the second strikingly longer near middle than at the sides, seventh half as wide as sixth. Measurements —Male (23790), length of carapace 3.5, width of same 4.3mm. Female (49231), length of carapace 6.2, width of same 8.1 mm. Range.—Southern Florida; Jamaica. To a depth of 30 fathoms. _ : ee THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 123 Material examined.— Miami, Florida; 30 fathoms; John B. Henderson; 1 female holo- type (49230). West coast of Florida; lat. 26° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 15’ 30’ W.; 27 fathoms; fne. wh. S. blk. Sp.; Mar. 18, 1885; station 2411, Alba- tross; 1 male (23790). Off Montego Bay Point, Jamaica; dredged; June 28, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 female ovig. (49231). Jamaica; received from Marine Biological Laboratory, *Woods Hole; 1 female (47357). DISSODACTYLUS STEBBINGI,’ new species. Plate 28, figs. 1 and 2. Type-locality—Sarasota Bay, Florida; Union College Collection, No. 629; 1 male holotype (deposit U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 49232). Diagnosis —Antero-lateral margin a thin rim. Dorsal ridges transverse, each covering one-third width of carapace. Sides of male abdomen from third to sixth segment, inclusive, nearly straight; terminal segment wider than long, margin arcuate. Palp of outer maxilliped 3-jointed. Fic. 69.—DISSODACTYLUS STERBINGI, OUTER MAXILLIVED OF MALE HOLOTYPE, X 68. Description of male-—Carapace widest at the lateral angles; an- tero-lateral margin beginning at lower edge of orbit and forming a thin, sharp rim which at widest part of carapace turns in a rounded angle and is continued by the less prominent, concave, postero-lateral margin. A transverse, dorsal ridge on either side of carapace oc- cupies a third of its width at the widest part and ends outwardly in the lateral margin; this ridge is anteriorly fringed with hair, while the upper surface of the marginal rim is pubescent and hairy. Front arcuate and continuous with upper margin of orbit. Lower surface of carapace and maxillipeds pubescent. Merus- ischium of outer maxilliped spatulate, the blade of the spatula 1 Named for the Rey. T. R. R. Stebbing, Tunbridge Wells, England. 124 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. broadly oval; palp small, articulated at summit of merus; propodus shorter than carpus, elongate-suboval, bearing a small, squarish dactyl at inner end of distal margin. Chelipeds and legs not known. Male abdomen and sternum punctate. First and second segments of abdomen completely fused, slightly constricted at middle; third to sixth, inclusive, completely fused, sides nearly straight, seventh wider than long, with arcuate margin. Measiirements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 3.3, width of same 4.3 mm. Range.—Kknown only from Sarasota Bay, Florida. DISSODACTYLUS ALCOCKI,' new species. Plate 28, figs. 3 and 4. Type-locality.—Gulf of Mexico, off Delta of Mississippi River; 35 fathoms; station 2388, Albatross; 1 female holotype (Cat. No. 23447, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Carapace without dorsal ridge. Front bilobed. Legs slender and spinulous; secondary spine of dactyls 1 to 3 beneath primary spine. Palp of outer maxilliped 3-jointed. Description.—Carapace convex fore and aft, nearly level from side to side; antero-lateral margin acute, with a milled rim and forming Fic. 70.—DissopactTYLUS ALCOCKI, OUTER MAXILLIVED OF FEMALE HOLOTYPE, X 73. a broad, rounded lateral angle and continued along the nearly straight and oblique postero-lateral margin; no dorsal ridge. Front bilobed, continuing the line of the antero-lateral arch, median sinus a broad, shallow, rounded sinus. Posterior margin deeply sinuous. Lower surface of carapace and mouth parts and edge of female abdomen hairy. Outer maxillipeds compact, forming a triangle; merus-ischium spatulate, less dilated than in stebbingi; palp very small, folding under the thin edge of the merus and articulating near its extremity; propodus short, sides subparallel, end truncate; dac- tylus as long as propodus but narrower. 1 Named for Dr. A. Alcock, London, THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. TDS Cheliped roughened with a few faint rugae, a small tooth at inner angle of carpus, upper margin of propodus acute; propodus twice as long as wide, straight above, sinuous below, fingers slightly deflexed, stout, shutting close together, tips incurved, a minute tooth near base of dactyl. Legs slender; merus joints dilated slightly; pas tapering a little toward distal end; dactyls 1, 2, and 3 subcylindr on little al ending in two chart un- equal spines, the smaller not in the same plane as the longer, but. be- low it; posterior margin armed with two rows of spinules, a few of the same also on the corresponding margin of the propodus. Fourth dactylus straighter, simple, not bifureate: both idareins spinulous;. » 1% 4-—Dissopactyegs (ALCOcK!,, Eas © OF MALE PARATYPE, X 16, as also margins of propodus and carpus. Male abdomen with segments 1 and 2 fused, 3 to 6 inclusive fused and with convex margins, 7 triangular with blunt tip. Female abdomen with segment 1 short, half as long as 2; 3, 4, 5, and 6 incom- pletely fused, 7 broadly triangular, half as wide as 6. Measurements.—Female (23447), length of carapace 4.2, width 5.8mm. Male smaller, too damaged for measurement. Material examined.—Gulf of Mexico, off Delta of Mississippi River; lat. 29° 24’ 30’’ N.; long. 88° 01’ 00’’ W.; 35 fathoms; yl. S. bk. Sp.; Mar. 4, 1885; station 2388, Albatross; 1 male, 1 female holotype (23447). DISSODACTYLUS CALMANI,* new species. Plate 28, figs. 5 and 6. Type-locality—Grecian Shoals, Hawk Channel, Florida; 2 fath- oms; station 7469, Fish awk; 1 female (Cat. No. 49233, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis —Carapace sharply pentagonal, covered with rugae; antero-lateral margins dentate. Dactyl of legs 1 to 4 bifurcate, and with a marginal line of spinules. Palp of outer maxillipeds 3-jointed. Description of female-——Appearance quite unlike those above de- scribed. Carapace pentagonal, deflexed in front of lateral angles, al- most flat behind them, antero-lateral margins short, slightly convex, dentate, postero-lateral margins long, straight, and posteriorly con- verging, posterior margin sinuous; dorsal surface covered with short, 1 Named for Dr, W. T. Caiman, British Museum, London. 126 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. unequal, wavy, transverse rugae which at the margins tend to form teeth ; a strong crest runs horizontally inward from the obtuse lateral angle. Antero-lateral margin cristiform, terminating at epistome and armed with three or four low teeth, the posterior of which is tooth- Vie. 72.—DisSOvACTYLUS CALMANI, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE (48570), X 50. like, the others almost crenations. Front produced, thickened, edge nearly transverse, but faintly bidentate or even quadridentate. Upper margin of orbit narrow, cut deeply into carapace, outer angle blunt, thickened. Lower surface of carapace hairy. Pterygostomian ridge sharp and prominent near epistome. Buccal cavity subtriangular, outer mar- gins convex. Me- rus-ischium of the outer maxillipeds elongate-spatulate, extremity narrow; palpus_ relatively very small, folding in a groove in the edge of the merus; last 2 segments to- gether shorter than carpus; dactylus nearly as large as propodus. FG, 73.—DISSODACTYLUS CALMANI. @, LAST RIGHT LEG OF Chelipeds slender ; FEMALE HOLOTYPE, X 14; b, ABDOMEN OF MALE (50168), merus, carpus and oa propodus rough with rugae, those of propodus oblique, the rugae arranged in 4 longitudinal ridges on outer and upper surface; palms narrow, fingers defiexed, not gaping, stout, grooved, tips acute, curved and overlapping. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 127 Legs of nearly equal length and of moderate width, sharply mar- gined above, and punctate and hairy; merus joints a little dilated at middle; propodus slightly tapering distally; dactyls of all legs simi- lar, curved, upper part flattened and ending in a slender, curved spine; below there is a laminar expansion which is in a plane oblique to the upper surface and terminates in a shorter spine and is bordered posteriorly by 7 slender spinules. The abdomen covers the sternum, its segments are all separate, the seventh is half as wide as the sixth, beyond which it projects abruptly with an arcuate margin. Male.—The tooth at the lateral angle and the ridge leading from it are more prominent in the male than in the female. The chelae ere stouter in proportion to their length. The abdomen tapers regu- larly to the distal end; the terminal segment is semicircular. Color—A female (50168) has the legs banded with brown; in legs 1 to 3 one band covers the proximal half or two-thirds of the merus, another band occupies the major part of the propodus; on leg 4 the color occupies less than half the merus and the distal third of the dactylus. There are three transverse stripes of brown on the proxi- mal third of the abdomen. Measurements —Female (holotype), length of carapace 4.8, width of same 6.4 mm. Female (50168), length of carapace 5.5, width of same 7.3mm. Male (50168), length of carapace 4.6, width of same 5.7 mm. Range.—East Florida; northwest Cuba. 2 to 4 fathoms. Material examined.— Grecian Shoals, Hawk Channel, Florida; 4 mile S. W. by S. of Basin Hill; 2 fathoms; S. G.; Feb. 19, 1903; station 7469, Fish Hawk, 1 female holotype (49233). Off Duck Key, Hawk Channel, Florida; 4 fathoms; mud bag; temp. about 69.5° F.; Dec. 20, 1912; station 4, haul 2, Fish Hawk, 1 male, 1 female ovig. (50168). Northwest Cuba; Reef Laveros Italienas, opposite Cayo Laveros; 2 to 3 fathoms; Co. S. R.; June 2, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped.; 1 female (48570). Subfamily Prnnoruerevunar Alcock. Pinnotherelinae AucocK, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 288. Ischium of external maxillipeds usually distinct from merus, though smaller and sometimes imperfectly united with it. Merus longitudinal or little oblique. Palpus of good size, sometimes as large as merus-ischium. Carapace trausverse, usually broadly so. 128 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY PINNOTHERELIINAB. A’, Last joint of outer maxilliped articulated near proximal end of inner side of penultimate joint. B*. Carapace much wider than long. Third leg longest. Cl. Third leg much longer than fifth. Lower or true antero-lateral margin forming an angle with postero-lateral margin_________ Pinniza, p. 128. C*. Legs varying little in length. Lower or true antero-lateral margin curving gradually into postero-lateral margin______ Scleroplar. p. 170. B*, Carapace very little wider than long. Second and third legs nearly equal. C’. Ischium of outer maxilliped well defined___-__-___--_-~ Opisthopus, p. 172. C*. Ischium of outer maxilliped either fused with merus, or only partly Shape ak a eee Pinnazxodes, p. 174, A®, Last joint of outer maxilliped articulated at distal end of penultimate joint. Second leg longest. Bt Proximal end of last joint of outer maxilliped narrow, distal end of pe- nultimate joint wide. Carapace uneven. Spinules on chelipeds and gg Nha ed Se es ee ee ee Tectrias, p. 179, B’, Proximal end of last joint of outer maxilliped same width as distal end of penultimate joint. Carapace smooth. No spinules on chelipeds or So eT eM Neh nah en csie eoeateee hre Pinnotherelia, p. 180. Genus PINNIXA White. Pinnixa Wuite, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 18, 1846, p. 177; type, P. cylin- drica White.—RatHrun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 21. Tubicola LocxinctTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 5d [1]; type, 7. longipes Lockington. Carapace much wider than long; integument usually firm. Front narrow, nearly transverse, with a median groove. Orbit broadly ovate or nearly circular, with a wide inner hiatus, which is partly occupied by the basal antennal joint. Antennules transversely or obliquely plicated in wide fossettes which communicate with each other beneath the front. Eye-stalks very short. Epistome linear- transverse. Ischium of maxillipeds small, merus large, distal por- tion of outer margin convex; palp jointed to summit of merus; third joint articulated on inner side of the preceding one near base. Chelipeds of moderate size; merus trigonous; carpus usually smooth; hand large, compressed. Second ambulatory leg larger than first; third largest of all; fourth much shorter than third and rela- tively stouter than first and second. Abdomen in both sexes usually 7-jointed and narrower at base than width of last sternal segment. Habitat.—Live in bivalve mollusks, in tubes or holes of worms, in wormlike holothurians, and in mud. The genus occurs in Japan and Australia as well as in America. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. . 129 KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PINNIXA. A’, Curapace with a ridge entirely across hinder part of carapace, behind which the surface slopes steeply down. Bt. Second joint of palpus of maxilliped short and stout. C', Ridge on carapace sharp. Fingers not gaping. Last segment of male SA NMOMeNeSeIIGCI GUN bane a eee eee ee transversalis, p. 131. C?, Ridge on carapace blunt. Fingers gaping. Last segment of made ab- GOMeN SUPEMAN SUA wee ee a ea ene na fazoni, p. 183. B’, Second joint of palpus of maxilliped long and narrow. Ct. Sharp ridge across front-—__-_------------------- patagonicnsis, p. 135. C?. No sharp ridge across front--_------------------------ cristata, p. 134. A®. Carapace without ridge on hinder part of carapace or with a ridge on car- diae region only. Bt. Pollex of cheliped distinctly developed. GC’. Dactylus of third leg strongly falecate, the corneous tip bent at an angle to the general outline of the segment. Females much larger and softer than males. D*. Merus of third leg of male more than twice as long as wide. Fingers of female not gaping. Thumb of male horizontal. Carapace ob- POR ee 2k ne ON eee eo eae eae faba, p. 142. D*. Merus of third leg of male twice as long as wide. Fingers of female gaping. Thumb of male deflexed. Carapace pointed at sides. littoralis, p. 145. c?. Dactylus of third leg straight or slightly curved, the corneous tip con- tinuing the general line of the segment. D*. Fourth leg when extended not reaching end of merus of third leg. I. Carapace very wide, nearly 3 times as wide as long. Third leg enormously large in proportion to body. IF". Chela stout. Propodus of second leg wide__----- longipes, p. 137. F?, Chela feeble. Propodus of second leg narrow. tubicola, young, p. 165. E?, Carapace twice or little more than twice as wide as long. Third leg not enormously large in proportion to body ; merus less than twice as ioneias widels=-2=- seo Ss-_ floridana, p. 138. D*, Fourth leg when extended reaching end or beyond end of merus of third leg. E'. Propodus of third leg slender, twice or more than twice as long as wide. ¥. Carapace twice as wide as long; a cardiac crest present, sayana, p. 156. F*, Carapace less than twice as wide as long; no cardiac crest. minuta, p. 150. E?, Propodus of third leg not slender, less than twice as long as wide. I, Propodus of third leg as wide as long or nearly so. GA blunt ridge on cardiae region--.-—+_--___~ cylindrica, p. 159. G*. No ridge on cardiac region. H'. Carapace of female twice as wide as long. Propodus of last two legs squarish, much wider at distal end than proximal end of dactyluss oe a a tomentosa, p. 141. 65863 —17——9 130 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. H?. Carapace of female two and a half times as wide as long. Propodus of last two legs tapering at distal end almost to width of proximal end of dactylus_____-_~_ tubicola, p. 165. I’, Propodus of third leg distinctly longer than wide. G’. Carapace very convex, sloping from the middle in all directions, Thumb strap-shaped. Manus much widened toward distal end. Fingers with wide, triangular gape__barnharti, p. 149. G?. Carapace more or less flattened, not sloping from the middle in all directions. Thumb not strap-shaped but diminishing from base. H*. Thumb deflexed. J’. Merus of third leg short and stout, about twice as long as Nid @westest = nthe coe ae ee chactopterana, p, 151. J’, Merus of third leg elongate, much more than twice as long as wide. K*. Thumb subtriangular, the terminal spine forming one point of the triangle. Li, Two short, well separated cardiac crests. Thumb slighty deflexed=2===22 222225 valdiviensis, p. 154. L?, A single, bilobed cardiac crest. Thumb markedly de HeNCd ese eae as Be Se occidentalis, p. 155. K?. Thumb composed of a short, high, quadrate base, fol- lowed by a short, slender spine at lower angle. 17, Palm strongly widened distally, lower margin nearly straight. Cardiae ridge blunt__-_brevipolice, p. 169. L?, Palm very convex below. Cardiac ridge acute, affinis, p. 168. H®. Thumb not deflexed. J’. Thumb straight or nearly so. Lower margin of palm not convex. K*. A ecardiae ridge present. No large spine on ischium of thirdjleg in moulez2s2 franciscana, p. 161, K?, No cardiac ridge present. A large spine on ischiuin of third lee in, moles==222 see retinens, p. 1389. J*% Thumb curved upward distally. Lower margin of palm convex. K*. Carapace more than twice as wide as long. Dacitylus of third leg longer than propodus. Fingers of femnleseapinge ss Soe eee ae ee hiatus, p. 164. Ik, Carnapace less than twice as wide as long. L?. Carapace laterally tapering. Sides of male abdomen CONVEX cs 22 he a Ss clinitli; spams L?, Carapace laterally subtruncate. Sides of male abdo- nen not convex, first segment very wide at base. aceymouthi, p. 166. B’, Pollex of cheliped represented only by spiniform angle of palm. monodactyla, p. 1386. Analogous species.—Besides several pairs of analogous species on opposite sides of the American continent, there are also in the genus Pinniza close resemblances between certain species in the northern and southern hemispheres, as indicated below. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 131 ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PINNIXA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT. Atlantic. Pacific. brevipollez. affinis. fazoni. transversalis. cylindrica. franciseana., sayana. occidentalis. Jloridana, longipes. ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PINNIXA IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERES. North Atlantic. South Atlantic. cristata. ‘ > monodactyla. HOE OR ers: North Pacifie. South Pacific, occidentalis. valdiviensis. PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS (Milne Edwards and Lucas). Plate 29, figs. 1-3. Pinnothercs transversalig Mitne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér, Mér., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 23 (type-locality, Chili; type in Paris Mus.) ; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 10, figs. 8-8e.—NicoLeT in Gay, Hist. de Chile, Zool., vol. 3, Crust., 1849, p. 156. Pinnira transversalis MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 220 [186], pl. 11, fig. 5—Murrs, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1881, p. 70, part; not specimens from Sandy Point.—Ortmann, Zool. Jalrb., Syst., vol. 10, 1897, p. 329 (specimen described probably not a type).— Lenz, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., vol. 5, 1902, p. 764—Ratrubun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3S, 1910, pp. 546 and 588, pl. 46, fig. 1 (after Milne Edwards and Lucas). Pinnira panamensis Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 158 (type-locality, Panama; type in M.C.Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 1S, 1895, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 1, la, 10. Diagnosis.—Sharp ridge entirely across hinder part of carapace. Ultimate segment of manilliped much longer than penultimate. Chelae weak, fingers not gaping. Extremity of male abdomen much enlarged, last segment semicircular. Description of male.—Carapace mostly smooth and punctate, gran- ulated at sides; lateral angles forming a prominent shoulder, below which the carapace narrows at the sides; a groove behind the gastric region, otherwise carapace flat up to a prominent, sharp ridge across carapace at the cardiac region and ending at bases of last feet; be- hind ridge, carapace is inclined at angle of 45°. Front deflexed, transversely grooved, not produced. Orbits with a strong dorsal in- clination. Antero-lateral margin a prominent granulate ridge in outer half only. Posterior margin short, concave. Second segment of palpus of maxilliped very short, third very long, reaching proximal end of merus. Chelipeds small; carpus squamose and setose anteriorly; chelae laterally compressed, a crest of tubercles on upper border, a longi- 132 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tudinal row of setiferous granules at lower third; above this the sur- face is granulate and setose, below it the surface is smooth and bare down to a row of tubercles on lower edge; fingers slender, closing together, outer margins granulate and setose, prehensile margins very finely denticulate. First and second legs narrow. with straight dactyli and not very un- equal; third and fourth legs of * stouter build, dactyli short, very stout, short-pointed; merus of third with anterior border convex and pu- bescent, posterior border tuberculate ; fourth leg very small, reaching to end of merus of third. Between second and third seg- ments of abdomen there is a row of hairs which he flat on the second segment; some of third to sixth seg- ments usually partly fused; end of KS abdomen from middle of sixth seg- | ment suddenly enlarged, end seg- wie. 74.—PrNnIxA TRANSVERSALIS, ment semicircular. OUTER MAXILLIPED oF FEMALE ie (40446), X 163. Sexual variation—Female larger, carapace more swollen, frontal region more inclined, dorsal and antero-lateral ridges weaker, posterior margin wider, fingers longer, appendages more setose. Color.—Violet; abdomen of male ash-colored, of female golden- yellow (Milne Edwards and Lucas). a Fic. 76.—PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS, Fic. 75.—PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS. @, ABDOMEN ABDOMEN AND STERNUM OF MALE, OF MALE, ENLARGED; b, RIGHT CHELIPED, EN- ENLARGED. (AFTER MILNE Eb- LARGED. (AFTER Faxon.) WARDS AND LUCAS.) Measurements.—Male (20625), length of carapace 4.7, width of same 9.7mm. Female (40446), length of carapace 8, width of same 16.5 mm. TTabitat—In tube of annelid resembling Chaetopterus (Coker). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. Loo Range—Panama (Faxon) to Punta Arenas, Patagonia (Lenz). Material examined.— Panama; Mar. 12, 1891; steamer Albatross; 1 male, 4 females ovig., cotypes (20625). Peru; near northeast side of San Lorenzo Island; in piece of tube resembling that of Chaetopterus; 24 fathoms; R. E. Coker; 1 female ovig. (40446). PINNIXA FAXONI,! new species. Plate 29, figs. 4-7. Type-locality—Trinidad ; Albatross; male holotype; Cat. No. 7639, U.S.N.M. | G 6b Fig. 77.—PINNIXA FAXONI (7639), X 133. @, ABDOMEN OF MALE; 0, OUTER MAXILLIPED, Diagnosis.—Blunt ridge entirely across hinder part of carapace. Ultimate segment of maxilliped much longer than penultimate. Fingers gaping. Extremity of male abdomen much enlarged, last segment subtriangular. Description of male—Near transversalis, but much shaggier on all margins, especially on posterior margin of carapace and across distal end of second abdominal somite and thence in a straight line across sternum. Ridge across carapace at cardiac region not sharp, but bluntly rounded. Front more horizontal and advanced. Eyes and orbits shorter and wider. Chelipeds similar, but palm more oblong, not narrowing distally; thumb rather short, tip upcurved; dactylus curved obliquely down, leaving a triangular gape when closed; a line of hair on lower edge of propodus, another a little above margin and continued on thumb, a third at middle of palm, upper portion densely hairy and granulate. Legs similar, but a little shorter and wider, especially noticeable in merus of last two legs. Abdomen wider, fourth, fifth, and sixth 1For Dr. Walter Faxon, carcinologist of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Mass. 134 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. segments fused, last segment subtriangular, widest, and laterally angled not far from sixth segment. Sexual variation.—Female somewhat larger and more swollen than male, frontal region more inclined, posterior margin wider, and wider than in female transversalis, fingers elongate and very slightly gaping, less slender than in female ¢ransversalis. Measuremenis.—Male holotype, length of carapace 5.6, width of same 11 mm. Female (7639), length of carapace 6.1, width of same 15.3 mm. fange.—Trinidad (off Venezuela) and Monos Island, off NW. coast of Trinidad. Material examined.—Trinidad; shore; Jan. 30-Feb. 2, 1884; steamer Albatross; 7 males (1 is holotype), 7 females (2 ovig.) (7639). Monos Island, Trinidad; shore; Jan. 30-Feb. 2, 1884; steamer Albatross; 1 male (28486). PINNIXA CRISTATA Rathbun. Plate 29, figs. S and 9. Pinniza cristata RatHBuNn, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 589 (type-locality, Beaufort, North Carolina; holotype female, Cat. No. 42817, U.S.N.ML). Diagnosis.—Sharp crest across posterior part of carapace. Fingers gaping, thumb short. Legs narrow; dactyls slightly curved except last pair. Description of female—Carapace very short, narrowed at either side; a high, sharp, transverse crest across carapace, ending above bases of last legs; surface punctate, wrinkled, and microscopically granulate; deep furrow behind gastric region; antero-lateral margin a raised crest, stopping short of hepatic region; posterior margin wide, concave. Front deflexed, not advanced; orbit no wider than half of front. Chelipeds rather stout; palm suboblong, Fic. 78.—Pixxtxa cristara, With upper and lower margins convex, sur- OUTER MAXILLIVED or FE- face covered with a reticulate pattern of MALE HOLoTsTE, X 1% fine granulations; thumb short, subtriangu- lar, deflexed; a subbasal tooth on prehensile edge, also a small tooth near the tip, forming a truncate extremity against which the tip of the gaping dactylus fits; inner margin of dactylus bent in a right angle at middle, subentire. Dactyli of legs slender, of fourth leg straight, of first, second, and third slightly curved; first leg slender, reaching to end of propodus of second; second intermediate in width between first and third, reach- ing one-third length of dactylus of third; merus of third leg 24 THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 135 times as long as wide, tapering at both ends, marginate above, very hairy below; fourth leg overreaching by half its dactylus the merus of the third leg. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 4, width of same 10.5 mm. Specimen examined.—Beaufort, North Carolina; Union College collection (70c); 1 female ovig., holotype (42817). PINNIXA PATAGONIENSIS, new species. Plate 30, figs. 1-3. Type-locality—San Matias Bay, Patagonia; steamer JZassler; holotype male, Cat. No. 5741, M.C.Z. Diagnosis.—Thumb reduced to spiniform angle of propodus; dac- tylus strongly curved to meet thumb. Sharp ridge across posterior part of carapace and across front. Description.—Carapace narrowed to an acute angle at either side. A sharp, smooth crest entirely across hinder part of carapace at car- diac region; from it the carapace de- scends almost ver- tically to posterior margin and ob- liquely forward to gastro-cardiac fur- row. A _ similar crest marks the an- tero-lateral margin of the dorsal sur- face, extending to outer angle of or- 2, bit whence a short a crest continues ob- Fic, 79.—PINNIXA PATAGONIENSIS, MALE HOLOTYPE, @, OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 182; 0, ABDOMEN, X Tb. liquely downward on the suborbital region; a transverse crest across the front is in- terrupted by the median furrow. This crest is connected with the antero-lateral crest by the upper part of the smooth orbital rim. Surface coarsely punctate, pubescent near outer angles. Front promi- nent, truncate, emarginate at middle. Onxbit much larger than eye, externally angled. Antenna as long as width of front and one orbit. Chela large; palm as high as superior length, upper and lower margins very convex, upper margin sharp-edged; thumb a short, much deflexed spine with obliquely truncate and bidenticulate tip; the truncate, distal end of manus with a broad, oblong tooth above digital spine; dactylus nearly straight and inclined obliquely down- 136 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ward at base, then abruptly recurved toward thumb leaving a high, narrow gape. Dactyls of first three legs slightly curved, of last leg straight, with posterior or lower edge convex; all are longer than their propodi. First leg slender, reaching end of propodus of second; second with merus expanded below, reaches end of propodus of third; third much the stoutest, the lower edge of merus and of carpus-propodus much dilated; fourth leg slender, reaching end of merus of third; all margins sharp. Variations.—In the small male, palm less high than in adult male, thumb of normal shape, triangular, as long as high, less deflexed, dactylus about as wide, moderately curved, when closed, making an insignificant gape. Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 5.5, width of same 12.8 mm. Specimens examined.—San Matias Bay, eastern Patagonia; Hass- ler Exped.; 1 male holotype, reproducing right cheliped (5741, M. C. Z.); 1 young, paratype (49248, U.S.N.M.). Affinity —Related to P. cristata in the sharp dorsal crest and to P. monodactyla in the spinelike thumb. PINNIXA MONODACTYLA (Say). Pinnotheres monodactylum Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 454 (type-locality, Americun; type probably not extant; said to be in “ Richmond Museum ”’). Diagnosis—Thumb reduced to spiniform angle of propodus; dac- tylus strongly curved to meet thumb. Carapace narrow, 1% times as wide as long. Description of male.—Carapace subelliptical, narrowing each side to middle of lateral edge, which is rounded, a tubercle each side marking situation of antero-lateral angles. Surface punctate. Or- bits suborbicular. Antennae subequal to width of front. Chela oblong, somewhat quadrate; palm concave and ciliated at middle, a spiniform angle instead of a thumb, with a tooth at its base and another at base of dactylus larger. Dactylus abruptly in- curved at base, rectilinear toward tip, with an angle at interior mid- dle, tip acute, attaining tip of spiniform angle or thumb. First, second, and fourth pairs of legs subequal, second rather the largest; third pair largest of all, and, as also the fourth pair, with somewhat dilated carpus-propodus. Abdomen with a few larger punctae, terminal joint rounded at tip. (After Say.) Measurements——Male, length 0.8 inch (7.6 mm.), width 0.5 inch (12.7 mm.) Range—Probably Atlantic coast of the Southern States. Not seen since the type was taken. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 137 PINNIXA LONGIPES (Lockington). Tubicola longipes LOCKINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 55 [1] (type-locality, Tomales Bay, California, in tube of annelid; type not extant). Pinniza longipes Locxineron, Proce. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 156 [12].—Streets and Kinestey, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 1877, p. 107.—HotmEs, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 573, pl. 20, figs. 19 and 20; Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 92—RatrHpBun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 188.—WeEyMouTH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No, 3, 1910, p. 5S, text-fig. 6 (part; not 2 young specimens from Monterey Bay). Diagnosis.—Carapace nearly three times as wide as long. Third leg vastly larger than the others; fourth leg not reaching beyond merus of third. Fic. 80.—PINNIXA LONGIPES, COTYPE, GENERAL OUTLINE, ENLARGED. (AFTER HOLMES.) Description.—Carapace more than 2} times as wide as long, some- what flattened above, a depression behind the gastric region. A transverse groove just behind margin of front. Chelipeds small, short, hairy; chelae ovate-oblong, distally taper- ing, upper margin convex, lower margin .hearly straight, distally granulate; fin- gers subequal, subacute, fitting close to- gether, a subbasal tooth on dactylus, a median tooth on thumb, and a subtermi- nal notch into which the point of the dactylus fits. First two legs slender and similar, with slender dactyli, the first leg the smaller. Third leg enormously devel- Fie. 81.—Pinnixa toxcrres, co. OPed, longer than width of carapace, TYPE, OUTER MAXILLIPED, EN- merus thick, flat, and with a kind of Pe ee eee) flange on posterior margin; dactyl short, thick, curved, and shorter than the tapering propodus. Fourth leg shortest of all, not reaching beyond merus of third, broad, fringed with long hair, dactylus less curved than that of third leg and shorter than propodus. 138 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Male abdomen tapers evenly from base to last segment, first two segments shortest, last segment broader than long, rounded at tip. Measurements.—Ovigerous female (17862), length of carapace 2.2, width of same 5.7 mm. Habitat—Commensal in tubes of annelid worms (Clymenella). Pange.—California: Tomales Bay to San Pedro. Specimen examined.—Tomales Bay, California, in tube of Malda- nid; May, 1876; 1 female ovigerous (17862). Perhaps received from Tockington, but not so labeled. PINNIXA FLORIDANA, new species. Plate 30, figs. 4-7. Pinnira cylindrica Kinestey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879, p. 402 (part: some specimens from Sarasota Bay). Type-locality.—Marco, Florida; Henry Hemphill; female holo- type, Cat. No. 6996, U. S. N. M. Diagnosis.—Carapace twice or little more than twice as wide as long. Merus of third leg less than twice as long as wide. Dactyli of legs straight. Chelae weak, granulate. Description of female—Carapace appearing suboblong, the an- tero-lateral angle forming a sort of shoulder, the side walls steep t= of sewe eee eee Vay" 4 ia 5 & Cf. i Fic. 82.—PINNIXA FLORIDANA. a, ABDOMEN OF MALB (49249) X 19; b, OUTER MAXILLI- PED OF FEMALE PARATYPE (6996), X 19. and tapering outwardly; surface smooth and punctate; gastro-car- diac groove shallow, cardiac region elevated but without ridge, an- tero-lateral margin, up to the cervical suture, a sharp, milled crest; posterior margin concave. Front truncate, not advanced. Orbits inclined forward outwardly in dorsal view, and downward in front view. Chelipeds weak, hairy; chelae tapering distally; propodus with denticulate upper margin, a row of sharp granules near lower mar- gin, continued feebly on finger, a row of granules at middle, and scattered granules above middle; fingers nearly horizontal, not gap- a i oe THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 139 ing, tips hooked, two rows of sharp granules above dactylus, a few small teeth on prehensile edges. Dactyls of ambulatory legs straight or nearly so, first two slender, last two stout. First leg narrower than second, reaching middle of dactylus of second; second leg to middle of propodus of third; third very wide, lower margins denticulate, merus and propodus margi- nate above, merus 13 times as long as wide, propodus as wide as its anterior length, tapering rapidly toward dactylus; fourth leg not exceeding merus of third, wide in proportion. A line of hair at distal end of second segment of abdomen is con- tinued along sternum. Sexual variation.—In male, carapace narrower, side wall relatively steeper, shoulder more prominent; palm wider proportionally, fixed finger a little shorter, fingers gape slightly. Abdomen wide at third segment whence it tapers unevenly to the last segment, which is wider than the sixth, truncate at extremity, strongly arched at sides, and fringed with long hair. Measurements —Male (49249), length of carapace 2.4, width of same 4.4mm. Female (6996), length of carapace 3.5, width of same 8 mm. Range.—Florida at Marco and Sarasota Bay. Material examined.— Marco, Florida; 1885; Henry Hemphill; 3 females ovig. (1 is holotype (6996). Sarasota Bay, Florida: Union College collection (1015); 1 male, 1 female ovig., labeled P. cylindrica by Kingsley (49249). Union College collection (1039); 1 female ovig., labeled P. cylindrica by Kingsley (49250). PINNIXA RETINENS,' new species. Plate 41, figs. 1 and 2. Type-locality—Chesapeake Bay; off Poplar Island, Maryland; 20 fathoms; soft bottom; Apr. 25, 1916; station 8528; Fish Hawk; male holotype; Cat. No. 50167, U.S.N.M. Diagnosis.—No cardiac ridge. Fingers slender, not deflexed. A strong, curved spine on ischium of third leg. Description of male—Carapace nearly twice as wide as long, nearly flat except toward margins, where it slopes gradually down- ward; regions indicated; lateral margin marked by a sharp, granu- lated ridge, up to the subhepatic sulcus; no cardiac ridge; a groove subparallel to, and a little in front of, the posterior margin. Dactylus of outer maxilliped obliquely spatuliform and_ attached to the middle of the inner margin of the propodus. 1 Retinens, holding fast, in allusion to the probable use of the ischial spine. 140 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chelipeds small, about as long as first leg; lower margin of propo- dus straight; manus suboblong, marginate below; fingers slender, subequal, not gaping, dactylus a little the longer, and having a tooth at the proximal third of its prehensile edge. Fic. 83.—PINNIXA RETINENS, ENDOGNATH OF OUTER MAX- ILLIPED OF MALE HOLOTYPE, X 333. First and second legs similar, the second a little the longer, especially as to the last two segments; dactyli very slightly curved, long-pointed. Third leg stout, exceeding the second by the length of its dactyl and half its propodus; lower edge of ischium, merus and propodus armed with stout spinules; postero-distal end of ischium prolonged in a stout, curved spine, the point of which is directed upward and backward; dactylus more strongly curved than in preceding legs, and gradually tapering to a slender point. The small, posterior leg, if extended, would about reach the end of the merus of the third leg; its dactylus is stoutish, nearly straight, the tip curved slightly upward. Abdomen constricted at base of second segment, widest between second and third segments, from which point it gradually narrows, Fig. 84.—PINNIXA RETINENS, MALE HOLOTYPE, X 12. a, ABDOMEN; Bb, THIRD LEG, LOWER SIDE; C, LEFT CHELA. the third, fourth, and fifth segments with sides partially concave; terminal segment much wider than long. Anterior and posterior margins of sternal segments granulate; granules especially noticeable bordering posterior margin of cara- pace. D THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 141 Sexual variation.—The only female at hand is immature and much smaller than the type male. The fingers are longer in proportion to the palm than in the male and the propodal finger is slightly deflexed ; there is no spine at distal end of ischium of third leg; the fourth leg reaches slightly beyond the merus of the third leg. Measurements—Male holotype, length of carapace 4.2, width of same 7, length of third leg 10.5 (approx.) mm. Range.—Chesapeake Bay; 20 fathoms. Material examined.— Chesapeake Bay; 20 fathoms; soft bottom; Apr. 25, 1916; station §528, steamer Fish Hawk, 1 male holotype (50167). Chesapeake Bay; 20 fathoms; sft. m.; Apr. 25, 1916; station 8522, steamer Fish Hawk; 1 female paratype (49641). Affinity —Allied to P. floridana in the character of the chelipeds and in lacking a carina on the carapace. ‘Differs in the narrower legs and in the presence of a long spine on the ischium of the third leg. PINNIXA TOMENTOSA Lockington. Plate 30, fig. 8. Pinniza ? nitida Locxineron, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 155 [11], part (female). Pinmiza tomentosa LockINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sei., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 156 [12] (type-locality, Angeles Bay, Gulf of California; type not extant).—Hotmes, Proc. California Acad. Sel., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 568, pl. 20, figs. 11-18. Diagnosis —Propodus of last two legs nearly square, much wider distally than proximal end of dacty- lus. Dactylus of first two legs longer, slenderer, and straighter than that of last two. Description of female—Carapace and legs covered with a short pubes- cence. Carapace nearly twice as wide as long, smooth, and rounding down to margins; a shallow depression be- hind gastric region; cardiac region swollen but not ridged. A transverse depression just behind margin of : Vic. 85.—PINNIXA TOMENTOSA, OUTER front; antero-lateral margin marked ~~ yaxinuep of remaLe (29948), by a granulated line on the branchial * 15}- region. Hand oblong, compressed, margins convex, the lower one concave near. the thumb. Fingers little over half length of palm, toothless; thumb wide, but abruptly narrowed near hooked tip; dactyl curved, subuncinate at apex, no longer than thumb. (Chela after Holmes.) 142 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. First leg much slenderer and shorter than second; second leg nearly as long as third and less stout, its propodus tapering distally; first and second dac- : tyls slender, slightly curved, third and b fourth dactyls stout, short, and more curved Z but not hooked; third a leg very wide, merus Fic. 86.—PINNIXA TOMENTOSA, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, EN- & little more than one LARGED. @, CHELA; b, THIRD LEG; C,FIRSTLEG. (AFTER and a half times as HOLMES.) : long as wide, propodus nearly square; fourth leg similar in shape but much smaller. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 7.5, width of same 14mm. (After Holmes.) Range.—San Clemente Island, California, to Angeles Bay, Gulf of California. Specimen examined.—San Clemente Island, California; H. N. Lowe, collector; 1 female without chelipeds (29948). PINNIXA FABA (Dana). Plate 31, figs. 1-4. Pinnothera faba DANA, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851, p. 2538 [7] (type-locality, Puget Sound; type not extant); U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 881; atlas, 1855, pl. 24, fig. 4 a, b, ¢. Pinnixa faba Strmeson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 470 [30].—Coorer, Repts. Explor. & Survey, Miss. River to Pacific O., vol. 12, book 2, 18G0, p. 38S7.—NEWwcomeBeE, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soe. British Co- lumbia, 1893, p. 25.—Hormers, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 93.—Ratrunun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 188 (part; not from Sitka or San Pedro).—WeryMmourH, Leland Stan- ford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 59 (part), not speci- men from Monterey Bay or text-fig. 7 Probably not Pinnira faba Has- well, Cat. Australian Crust., 1SS2, p. 113, from Port Denison, Australia. Pinnothercs faba Bate in Lord’s Naturalist in Vancouver Id. and Brit. Col., vol. 2, 1866, p. 271. Pinnira littoralis WrymoutHu, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 58 (part: text-fig. 5 and examples from Puget Sound). Diagnosis.—Carapace oblong. Orbits oval. Dactyli of legs strongly curved. Thumb horizontal, a little shorter than movable finger. Fingers of female not gaping. Merus of third leg of male more than twice as long as wide. Description of male.—Carapace firm, smooth, rounding steeply downward in all directions, truncate at the sides; gastric region high, not cristate. Antero-lateral margin marked by a low, blunt ridge, THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 143 most prominent at antero-lateral angle, but disappearing near orbit. Front slightly advanced; orbits oval, filled by the eyes. Chelipeds large; palm suboblong, widening distally, upper and lower margins slightly convex; thumb shorter than dactyl, slightly Cc Vic. 87.—PINNIXA FAPA (31599), X G6. a, TITIRD LEG OF FEMALE; 0b, THIRD LEG OF MALE}; C, RIGHT CHELA OF MALE; d, LEFT CHELA OF FEMALE; €, EYE IN ORBIT, FRONT VIEW. deflexed with the end upcurved, edge finely crenulate and with a dis- tal notch into which the tip of the dactylus fits; dactyl curved, a tri- angular tooth near its base, and forming when closed a moderate gape with the thumb; fingers hairy within and toward their base. Fic. 88.—PINNIXA FABA (31599). @, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE, X 16; b, ABDOMEN OF MALE, X Gi. Legs similar in shape, except merus of first leg which is concave above instead of convex as in the other pairs. Propodi tapering dis- tally, dactyli short and strongly curved. First leg narrow, reaching to end of propodus of second; second and third legs subequal in o} ae \ 144 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. length, third a little wider, its merus over twice as wide as long; fourth leg shortest, reaching end of carpus of third. ! Abdomen strongly narrowing distally for its first segment, then moderately tapering to the penultimate segment, which is constricted at middle; last segment rounded at tip. Description of female—Much larger than male. Carapace and abdomen soft and yielding; carapace more uneven, less defiexed pos- teriorly and without an antero-lateral marginal line. Median groove on gastric region very deep. Chelipeds smaller than in male; palm narrower, its sides nearly parallel; fingers longer, less deflexed, not gaping, sharp-pointed, tips crossing; thumb without a terminal notch, but instead a shallow lobe at middle of prehensile margin; edge of dactylus feebly sinuous. Legs more alike than in male; first leg reaching to middle of dac- tylus of second; fourth leg reaching beyond end of carpus of third; merus of third leg about twice as long as wide. Variations.—In some males the antero-lateral angle is vertically compressed and correspondingly thin, forming a laterally projecting lobe. Color.—In life, grayish-white (Cooper). Specimens in formalin from Doctor Fraser are as follows: General color of females orange- rufous with patches of scarlet on the gastric regions. Eggs orange- chrome. Male, orange-rufous, or dirty greenish-white with orange- rufous spots on carapace and a few of the same on chelipeds and legs. 1 female from Taylor Bay was entirely white in life. Measurements——Male (17468), length of carapace 7.6, width of same 13mm. Female (17468), length of carapace 15.2, width of same 22.8 mm. Habditat—Commensal in clams and according to Holmes, in the cloaca of a large holothurian, Ziosoma arenata [arenicola] Stimpson (new Molpadia arenicola). 1 think that Holmes’s specimen may be P. barnharti. Fange.—¥ rom Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, to Humboldt Bay, California. San Pedro, California (Holmes). Material examined.— Cordova Bay, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska; taken in pairs from gill chambers of giant clams; June 16, 1897; steamer Albatross; 7 males, 5 females (4 ovig.) (21792). Beaver Harbor, British Columbia; in shells of Schizothaerus nut- talliiy July 12, 1888; steamer Albatross; 7 males, 9 females (7 ovig.) (17468). Departure Bay, British Columbia; in Schizothaerus nuttallii; 1908; Geological Survey of Canada; 1 male, 1 female (40398). Denman Island, British Columbia; from clams; May 12, 1914; steamer Albatross; 6 males, 8 females (6 ovig.) (48426). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 145 Union Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia; in clams, Sazi- domus, probably giganteus; Apr. 16, 1914; steamer Albatross; 1 male, boiled (48428). British Columbia; 1916; C. McLean Fraser: Brandon Island, in Schizothaerus; May 18; 13 males, 10 females ovig., “ of a dirty brown color” (49601) ; 9 males, 5 females ovig., “ light-colored ” (49602). Kanaka Bay; in Schizothaerus; May 29; 1 male ovig. (49603). Pro- tection Island; May 29; 5 males, 4 females ovig., in Schizothaerus (49604) ; 2 y., in Mya (49605). Echo Bay, Newcastle Island; May 30; 16 males, 18 females (16 ovig.) in Schizothaerus (49606) ; 1 male in Aya (49607). Snake Island; in Schizothacrus; May 22; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (49608). Taylor Bay; in Schizothaerus; Apr. 5; 1 female ovig., “entirely white” (49609) ; both hands have been bitten off in the same place, a short distance from the carpus. South side of Mudge Island; in Schizothacrus; May 31; 19 males, 10 females (7 ovig.) (49610). False Narrows; in Schizothaerus; May 19; 33 males, 31 females ovig. (49611). British Columbia; in Schizothaerus nuttallii ; Geological Survey of Canada; 2 males, J female ovig. (40400). Simeahmoo, Puget Sound; Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly, Northwestern Boundary Survey; received from Smithsonian Institution; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (1316, M. C. Z.). Quarantine Dock, Washington; from clam; 1903; collected by sailors of steamer Albatross; 2 males, 4 females (3 ovig.) (31599). Port Orchard, Puget Sound, Washington; from Schizothaerus nuttallii; July, 1889; O. B. Johnson; 4 males, 7 females (6 ovig.) (15107). Quartermaster Harbor, Vashon Island, Puget Sound; from mantle of clam; Oct. 30, 1905; steamer Albatross; 1 female (48430). Puget Sound, at Rosedale, Pierce County, Washington; in horse clam; Aug. 16, 1906; 2 males, 3 females (1 ovig.) (Stanford Univ.). Yaquina, Oregon; Oregon State Agricultural College, Corvallis; 1 female (21619). Humboldt Bay South, California, in 7apes; June 1, 1911; W. F. Thompson; 1 male, soft shell, 1 female (Stanford Univ.). PINNIXA LITTORALIS Holmes. Plate 31, figs. 5-S. Pinniza littoralis HotmeEs, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 571, pl. 20, figs. 14-16 (type-locality, near Fort Bragg, Bodega Bay, California; cotype male, Cat. No. 20859, U.S.N.M.) ; Oceas. Papers Cali- fornia Acad. Sci., vol. 7. 1900, p. 91.—RatTHrRuN, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 1SS.—WeymoutH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Pub!., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 58 (part; not text-fig. 5 nor exumples from Puget Sound). 65863—17——10 146 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pinniza faba RaATHBUN, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p.1SS (part). Diagnosis—Carapace pointed at sides. Orbits pointed at outer end. Dactyli of legs strongly curved. Thumb of male very short, deflexed. Fingers of female gaping. Merus of third leg of male twice as long as wide. Description.—Very near faba, with which it is associated. Differs as follows: Side walls of carapace less steep, and outline as seen from above not longitudinally truncate, but inclined obliquely backward and outward from the upper antero-lateral angle to a point on the true margin above the base of the second ambulatory. Eye similar, but orbit continued sideways beyond it and ending in an acute angle. The male further differs from male of faba in having the thumb > ~ Fic. 89.—PINNIXA LITTORALIS (31600), X 6. a, LEFT CHELA OF FEMALE; 0, FRONT AND EYE IN ORBIT, FRONT VIEW ; €, THIRD LEG OF FEMALE; d, LEFT CHELA OF MALE; €, THIRD LEG OF MALE. shorter, more deflexed, tip less upcurved, subterminal notch deeper; dactylus more strongly curved, prehensile edge entire. Legs more unequal than in faba; first leg reaching to distal third of propodus of second; second leg to dactyl of third; fourth overlapping carpus of third leg by length of dactylus; third leg noticeably stoutest, merus twice as long as wide. The female differs from female of faba in having a little wider palm, thumb a little shorter, more deflexed, and with a very shallow subterminal notch, the dactylus in consequence more bent downward, leaving a narrow gape. Legs more unequal than in faba, but the difference is not so great as in the males of the two species. Variations—Immature females as well as immature males have chelae resembling those of adult males—that is, with the fingers widely gaping, thumb short, and dactyl strongly curved. The only i es ke, THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 147 exception is a female from San Francisco Bay, which has chelae similar to those of the adult female but with the thumb somewhat longer. Color.—Can be told from P. faba by the constantly different color. In formalin, the carapace and appendages of female have a light greenish-yellow ground, with large blotches of coral red on anterior half. Eggs orange-vermilion, sometimes chestnut. First 3 ambula- tory legs with a rufous band which embraces the propodus and part of the carpus. Male light dirty greenish-white, with bands on legs like those of female. Fic. 90.—PINNIXA LITTORALIS (31600). @, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE, X 14; 0, AB- DOMEN OF MALE, X 53. A pair from near the station at Departure Bay are said by Doctor Fraser to be yellow (in place of coral red), with a band of dull salmon color on the legs. Measurements—Male (31600), length of carapace 7.4, width of same 14mm. Female (48427), length of carapace 16.3, width of same 26 mm. ITabitat—Commensal in clams. Some were picked up on shore (Holmes). Of 500 specimens taken by Fraser, the adults with few exceptions inhabited the giant clam, Schizothaerus, while all the young of both sexes were taken from the small clam, d/ya. Range.—F¥rom Sitka, Alaska, to San Diego, California. Material examined.— Sitka, Alaska: W.H. Dall; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (17298). On clam; L. A. Beardslee; 1 female ovig. (17956). 148 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Near Sitka: On Saxidomus; Sylvanus Bailey; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (17955). June 18, 1880; W. H. Dall; 1 male, 2 females (17954). Cordova Bay, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska; in pairs in gill- chambers of giant clams; June 16, 1897; steamer Albatross; 8 males, 9 females (S ovig.) (48431). Beaver Harbor, British Columbia; in shells of Schizothaerus nut- tallii; July 12, 1888; steamer Albatross, 6 males, 10 females (2 ovig.) (48432). Victoria, British Columbia; C. F. Newcombe; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (15804). Departure Bay, British Columbia; in A/ya arenaria; George W. Taylor; 1 female y. (39128). Ucluelet, British Columbia; in A/ya arenaria; Geological Survey of Canada; 1 male, 1 female y. (40399). Denman Island, British Columbia; in clams; May 12, 1914; steamer Albatross; 6 males, 12 females (5 ovig., 7 immat.) (48427). Union Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia: In Saxidomus, probably giganteus; Apr. 16, 1914; steamer Albatross, 24 males, 22 females, all young (boiled) (484383). East of coal wharf; May 27, 1911; steamer Albatross; 1 female ovig. (49255). British Columbia; 1916; C. McLean Fraser: Hammond Bay; in Wya arenaria; May 20; 68 males and females, all young (49612). Near Biological Station, Departure Bay; in Schizothaerus; May 16; 1 male, 1 female (49613). North shore, Departure Bay; in J/ya; May 30; 16 males and females, all young (49614). Brandon Island; in Schizothaerus; May 18; 3 males, 2 females ovig., all light-col- ored (49615). Kanaka Bay; on A/ya; May 29; 85 males and fe- males, all young (49616). Protection Island; May 29; 2 males, 1 female, on Schizothacrus (49629); 124 males and females (all but 2 are immature), in A/ya (49617). Echo Bay, Newcastle Island; May 30; 5 males, 4 females (3 ovig.), in Schizothaerus (49618) ; 30 males and females (only one is mature), in A/ya (49619). Snake Island; in Mya; May 22; 32 males and females, all young (49620). Taylor Bay; Apr. 5; 3 males, 5 females (4 ovig.) in Schizothaerus (49621) ; 13 males and females, all young, in A/ya (49622). Taylor Bay; May 17; 1 male, 1 female, in Schizothaerus (49630) ; 33 males and females, all young, in A/ya (49623). South side of Mudge Island; in Schizo- thaerus; May 81; 45 males, 39 females (34 ovig.) (49624). S. E. end of Mudge Island; in A/ya; May 31; 24 males and females, all young (49625). False Narrows; on Schizothaerus; May 19; 9 males, 7 fe- males (4 ovig.) (49626). Friday Harbor, Washington; 1916; Evelyn D. Way: July 6 and 11; found in shells of Afacoma nasuta, Mya arenaria and cockles; 3 males (49950). July 15; in mantle of a big horse clam; 1 male, 1 female (49949). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 149 Quarantine Dock, Washington; in clams; sailors of Albatross; 7 males, 5 females (2 ovig.) (31600). Port Orchard, Puget Sound; from Schizothaerus nutiallii; O. B. Johnson; 1 male, 2 females (48429). Humboldt Bay South, California; in Zapes; June 1, 1911; W. F. Chompson; 1 male (Stanford Univ.). : Near Fort Bragg, Bodega Bay, California; July, 1893; S. J. Holmes; 1 male cotype (20859). Middle part of San Francisco Bay, California; from clams; 121-10 fathoms) ; Feb. 6, 1912; station 5709, Str. Albatross; 1 imma- ture female (481486). Off Catalina Island, California; 50 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 male, 1 female, paper shell, with very small eggs (29946). San Diego, California; H. Hemphill; 1 male (17501). PINNIXA BARNHARTI,’ new species. Plate 32. Pinniza tumida Srreers, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 1877, p. 115; not Pinnixa tumida Stimpson, 1858. Pinniza faba RatHeun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 188 (part: specimen from San Pedro). Type-locality.—Under pier at Venice, California; from cloaca of a sea cucumber; female holotype, Cat. No. 45586, U.S.N.M. Diagnosis.—Carapace convex, truncate at sides. Dactyli of legs nearly straight. Cheli- peds large; fingers widely gaping; thumb strap- shaped. Description of female.— Carapace hexagonal, very convex in both directions, sides truncate, antero-lat- eral margin a line of very fine granules not con- tinued to hepatic region, side walls vertical, sub- hepatic region prominent, cr i surface coarsely punctate Ss toward the sides, furrow Fic. 91.—PINNIXA BARNHARTI, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF behind gastric region shal- cee ee eee low, 3 deep pits on each side anteriorly, posterior margin very con- cave. Lobes of front prominent and arcuate, viewed from above. Orbits broadly oval, filled by the eyes. Antenna as long as width of front and one orbit. — 1p, S. Barnhart, formerly naturalist at the Venice Marine Biological Station. 150 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chelipeds large; chelae rhomboidal, increasing greatly toward fin- gers, a sinus in lower margin near base of thumb; thumb subhorizon- tal, a little curved or convex beneath, of nearly equal width through- out, tip obliquely truncate, lower corner armed with a short, sharp tooth which is crossed by the sharp tip of the dactylus; dactylus oblique, making a large triangular gape with the thumb; a strong tooth at middle of dactylus, a fringe of hair above; a patch of long hair in the gape. Merus of cheliped and legs hairy above; merus and propodus of fast 2 legs hairy below, carpus and propodus of last leg hairy above. Legs thick, first nearly as long as second, but narrower, second reach- ing to dactylus of third, fourth to middle of carpus of third; merus of last 3 legs convex above, propodus of all tapering, dactylus short, nearly straight, broad at base, acuminate. Variations—Chela of male very like that of female except palm a little shorter; in small but mature female, palm still shorter. Color.—The carapace in alcohol is largely a bluish-purple; a few patches of same color on chelipeds and first three legs. Measurements—Yemale holotype, length of carapace 10.7, width of same 16.2mm. Male (M. C. Z.), length of carapace 10.2, width of same 15 mm. ; Mabitat—Commensal with holothurians. Range.—Venice, California, to Ballenas Bay, Lower California. Material examined.— Under pier at Venice, California; from cloaca of a sea-cucumber; Venice Marine Biological Station; 1 female ovig., holotype (45586). San Pedro, California; 1901; T. D. A. Cockerell; 1 female (31510). San Diego, California; from cloaca of Liosoma arenata [ arenicola] Stimpson (now J/olpadia arenicola) ; H. Hemphill; received March 15, 1874; 1 male, 1 female (5742, M. C. Z.). PINNIXA MINUTA Rathbun. Pinnixa minuta RatHBuN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 21, text-fig. 4 (type-locality, Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico; holotype, Cat. No. 23768, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis —Carapace narrow, areolated. Dactyli of legs straight. Last 2 segments of outer maxilliped short and stout. Terminal seg- ment of abdomen oblong. Description of male.—Carapace less than twice as wide as long; an imaginary line connecting the lateral angles would run behind gastro-cardiac suture; middle portion of lateral margins subparallel. Regions separated by deep furrows; gastric, cardiac and branchial regions separately convex; cardiac region less than twice as wide as long, without crest; upper surface finely granulate, antero-lateral margins coarsely granulate. Front truncate, non-projecting. An- tennae longer than width of front. Merus of maxilliped longitudinal. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 151 Chelipeds granulate; palm stout, 1.5 times as long as wide, with longitudinal rows of pubescence; fingers horizontal, two-thirds as long as palm, slightly gaping, tips hooked. Legs margined with broad bands of spinuliform granules and having straight dactyls; first two pairs narrow, dactyls slender; third pair similar but much larger; fourth pair narrowest, slightly over- reaching merus of third, its dactylus shorter and relatively stouter. Sternum granulate along margins of segments. A few granules on abdomen; sixth and seventh segments of abdomen narrowest; third, fourth, and fifth of subequal length. ‘Surface of carapace, chelipeds and legs pubescent. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 1.3, width of same 2.3 mm. Fic. 92.—PINNIXA MINUTA, MALE HOLOTYPE. @, CARAPACE, ANTENNAE AND EYES, X 18%; b, LAST THREE ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND ADJACENT STERNUM, X 183 c, RIGHT CHELA, X 27; d, THIRD LEG, X 18; €, ENDOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED, MUCH ENLARGED. Locality.—Porto Rico: Mayaguez Harbor, Point del Algarrobo E. 45 miles; 16 to 17 fathoms; M. S.; temp. 23° C.; Jan. 20, 1899; sta- tion 6066, steamer Yish Hawk, 1 male holotype (23768). PINNIXA CHAETOPTERANA Stimpson. Plate 33, figs. 3-6. Pinniza cylindrica Strmpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 6S. Not P. cylindrica (Say).—Smiru, Rept. U. S. Fish Commr., vol. 1, 1871-72 (1873), p. 546 [252] (part: ref. to South Carolina). Pinniza chactopterana Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 235 (type-locality, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, on muddy or clayey shores, in tubes of Chaetopierus pergamentaccus; type not extant).—Krnastey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878, p. 324 [9]; 1879 (1SS0), p. 402.—IF'axon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1879, p. 264, pl. 4, figs. 1-4 (zoea) ; pl. 5, figs. 8, 9 (chelipeds).—Smitn, Trans, Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 4, 1880, p. 250.—Vz=ERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 24, 1882, p. 371. 152 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Diagnosis —Carapace uneven. Two short ridges on cardiac region. Fingers of male widely gaping. Dactyli of first two legs slightly curved, of last two straight. Description of male.—Surface densely pubescent and hairy, espe- cially on chelipeds and margins of carapace and legs. Regions and their subdivisions well limited; subbranchial re- a ¥ gion advanced, forming a prominent shoulder with granulated edge; lateral angle a right angle; a submarginal groove parallel to posterior and b ty: é postero-lateral margins; on each side of cardiac Fic. 93.—Pixnixa Fegion a short sharp ridge arched upward; a few ee pee granules on antero-lateral margin; front little Cuneta ofr apu.t advanced, truncate. ears ee Chelipeds strong, smooth; palm very wide, con- MALE, X 4. (Aprer VeX ON margins except near base of fixed finger, = which is very short, much deflexed, with a strong, triangular, prehensile tooth near its base and an obliquely truncate, notched tip; dactylus strongly curved, almost vertical and forming an oval gape when closed. Dactyli of first two legs slender and slightly curved, of last two, stout and nearly straight; first and second legs slender and of nearly same size, second reaching to end of propodus of third; third stout, merus about twice as long as wide, nearly straight above, dis- tally narrowed, pos- terior margin, as well as that of pro- podus, spinulous; fourth leg of similar build, reaching to middle of carpus of third. Sixth segment of abdomen constricted b at middle, seventh Kia. 94.—PINNIXA CHAETOPTERANA (5043). @, OUTER MAXIL- semicircular. LITED OF FEMALE, X 17; 0, ABDOMEN OF MALE, X 68. Sexual variation.—Carapace more swollen in female, fingers mod- eratcly deflexed, not gaping, thumb longer and stouter, a small tooth at each end of truncate extremity, no subbasal tooth, a small tooth on dactylus behind middle. Measurements.—Male (5048), length of carapace 6.8, width of same 14mm. Female (18289), length of carapace 6.3, width of same 14 mm. Habitat—Commensal in tubes of annelids, Amphitrite ornata and Chaetopterus pergamentaceus “whose parchment-like sheath, ex- * THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, L53 panded at the middle, is bent in the form of a semicircle, so that both extremities project to the surface of the mud” (Stimpson). Range.—Wellfleet, Massachusetts, to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Moreira). Material examined.— Wellfieet, Massachusetts; 1879; H. E. Webster; 3 males, 3 females (18S08)._ Woods Hole, Massachusetts; U.S. Fish Comm.: Mar., 1882; V.N. Edwards; 6 males, 6 Pilates (5048). Aug. 31, 1883; 2 males, 1 female a8 (5812). In tubes of ee pergamentaceus; Dec., 1882; V. N. Edwards; 24 males, 17 females (5824). Dredged; Nov. 17, 1884; V. N. Edwards; 1 male, 2 females (14455). 1875; 3 males, 3 females (19085). Mar. 28, 1888; V. N. Edwards; 1 male, 1 female (26105). Aug. 12, mae 1 female ovig. (31482). Aug., 1880; 1 male (36313). Naushon Island, eas aes U. S. Fish Comm.: In tube of C. pergamentaceus; 1882; 1 toatl soft shell (34168). Shore; Ang. 31, 1882; 1 male, 1 female, with Vesicularia attached (38293). July 28, 1881; 1 male (40798). Aug. 10, 1882; 4 males, 1 female ovig. (40814). Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts; U. S. Fish Comm.: In tubes of C. pergamentaceus; 1885; V. N. Edwards; 3 males, 4 females ovig. (10727). Aug. 1, 1886; 1 female ovig. (48434). Quissett, Massachusetts; 8-5 fathoms; Sept. 3, 1882; U. S. Fish Comm.; 2 males (34188). Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts; U. S. Fish Comm.: 83 fathoms; br. M.; temp. 66° F.; Aug. 26, 1881; station 963; steamer Fish Hawk; 1 female ovig. (34057). 1875; 3 males, 2 females (85308). From West Island to north end of Woods Hole; 5-7 fathoms; bk. M. Sh. G.; temp. 71.1° F-.; Aug. 15, 1887; stations 1211-1221; steamer ish Hawk, 5 males, 5 females (12794). Beaufort, North Carolina; in tubes of Chaetopterus; June 29, 1888; EK. A. Andrews; 1 male, 1 female (18289). Tangier Sound, South Carolina; 24 fathoms; stky.; temp. 70° F.; June 4, 1891; station 1651; steamer Pish awk; 1 female (18212). Punta Rassa, Florida; 1 fathom; Feb., 1884; H. Hemphill; 2 fe- males young (25392). Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana; L. R. Cary; 1 male, 1 female (33116). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Kr¢yer; from Zool. Mus. Copenhagen; 1 female ovig. (31508). Remarks—The ovigerous female from Rio de Janeiro is only 7 mm. wide, the posterior margin (4 mm.) is wider than in typical specimens, the cardiac crest is a little weak; nevertheless I think this is a chaetopterana. 154 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PINNIXA VALDIVIENSIS Rathbun. Plate 33, figs. 1 and 2; plate 34, figs. 5 and 6. Pinnotheres transversalis CUNNINGHAM, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 27, 1871, p. 492; not P. transversalis Milne Edwards and Lueas, 1843. Pinniza transversalis Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 70 (part: specimens from Sandy Point). Pinniza valdiviensis RATHBUN, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1907, p. 45, text-fig. 1, pl. 3, figs. 2 and 3 (type-locality, Corral, Valdivia, Chile; cotypes male and female in Museum at Valparaiso, Chile; c¢o- types male, Cat. No. 32260, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Two short cardiac ridges in male. Transverse hepatic ridge. Dactyli of legs 1 and 2 curved, of 3 and 4 straight. Chelae smooth. Thumb of male short, deflexed. Description of male——Regions faintly indicated, covered with very fine granules and scattered punctae, cardiac region with a short, blunt, transverse ridge either side of middle; a similar ridge across hepa- tic region. Front not advanced, widening at end. Orbits in front view inclined obliquely down- ward and outward. Chelipeds stout, pubescent on inner side, palm widen- ing distally, upper = ; and lower mar- Fig. 95.—PINNIXA VALDIVIENSIS. @, ABDOMEN OF MALE (5740), Sins Sov eee pol- X 52; b, LEFT CHELA OF MALE (5740), X 5; ¢, OUTER MANXIL- lex short, triangu- LIPED OF COTYVE, MUCH ENLARGED. lar, deflexed, a ridge above lower margin, two teeth on prehensile edge near end; dactylus strongly curved down, edge with a tooth at middle; a slight gape when fingers are closed. First two pairs of legs narrow, dactyli long, slender, and curved, but not strongly so; third leg a little longer than second, but half again as wide; fourth pair about as wide as second and a little over half as long; dactyli of third and fourth stouter than of first and second and nearly straight. Abdomen nearly one-third as wide as sternum, sixth segment very short, sides concave. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, LbD Variations —Female lacks cardiac ridges; digits longer than in male, longitudinal, and without prehensile teeth. In young male, thumb less deflexed, gape narrower. Measurements.—Male cotype, length of carapace 3.7, width of same 6.8 mm. Male (Eden Harbor), length of carapace 8.2, width of same 16.5 mm. Range.—Corral, Province Valdivia, Chile, to Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan (Cunningham). Material examined.— Chile: Corral, Province Valdivia; C. E. Porter; 3 males, 1 female, cotypes in Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaiso; 2 male cotypes in U. S. Nat. Mus. (32260). Eden Harbor, Smith Channel, Straits of Magellan; Hassler Exped., 1 male (5740, M. C. Z.). PINNIXA OCCIDENTALIS Rathbun. Plate 34, fig. 1. Pinnixa occidentalis Ratusun, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 248 (type-iocality, S. of Unimak Island, Alaska, G1 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 17474, U.S.N.M.), except specimen from San Diego; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 187; pl. 7, fig. 4; pl. 9, figs. 6, Ga (except specimens from Cape Fox).—Hotmes, Occas. Papers Cali- fornia Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. S89. : Pinniza californiensis RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 249 (type-locality, Monterey Bay, California, 37 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 17478, U.S.N.M.) ; vol. 21, 1898, p. 605; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 187, pl. 7, fig. 3—Hotmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 90—WeryrmoutnH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 56 (part; not young female from Pacific Grove). Diagnosis.—Cardiac ridge biarcuate. Thumb deflexed. Dactyli of legs styliform. Merus of third leg narrow, from 23 to 3} times as long as wide. _ Description of male.——Setose. Carapace laterally narrowed, sur- face uneven; hepatic and gastric regions well marked; on the cardiac region an acute, transverse crest which curves downward and backward in the middle. Median groove of front deep. Antero-lateral margin defined by an acute granulated ridge. Chelipeds stout; manus widening a little pic. 96.—Prixxisa occr- distally, smooth outside, granulated above and = PENTALIS, LEFT CHELA ; a OF MALE (17470), X 383. below, lower margin nearly straight; thumb short, deflexed, a stout tooth at middle, a smaller one near tip; dactyl curved, with often, but not always, a tooth near middle. 156 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Legs thick, granulate; dactyli styliform; third leg reaching by length of dactyl beyond second leg; merus with subparallel sides and three or more times as long as wide. Abdomen of male narrowed a little at first suture, then taper- ing to the sixth seg- ment which is con- stricted at middle. Variations —Cardiac ridge blunter in female than in male, immoy- able finger longer, third \ leg shorter and wider, b about 24 times as long Fic. 97.—DPINNIXA OCCIDENTALIS, MALE HOLOTYPE. o, AS Wide. Specimens ABDOMEN, X 523; 6, OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 133. vary in the proportion of length to width of carapace, in the prominence of cardiac ridge, in the direction of the margins of the second abdominal segment of male, in the length of the immovable finger of the male. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 9.5, width 19.5, length of third leg27 mm. Female paratype (17474), length of cara- pace 10.5, width 20.5, length of third leg, about 24 mm. Habitat—Commensal in burrows of the Gephyrean, E’chiurus (Kincaid). Range.—From Mliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska, to Magdalena ‘Bay Lower California; 10 to 238 chon Material eee page 157. PINNIXA SAYANA Stimpson. Plate 34, figs. 2-4. Pinniza sayana Strapson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 236 [108] (type-locality, off mouth of Beaufort Harbor, N. C., 6 fath- oms, sandy mud; type not extant).—IKrnestey, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878, p. 323 [8].—Smuiru, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 4, 1880, p. 252.—FowLrer, Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus., 1911 (1912), p. 596 (part; not refs. to P. cylindrica except Ver- rill and Smith, part). Pinniza cylindrica Verity, Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1871-1872 (1873), p. 367 [73] (part, not ref. to Stimpson).—SmurH, Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1871-1872 (1878), p HAG [252], pl. 1, fig. 1 (female); not P. cylindrica (Say, 1818), nor ref. to South Carolina, Pinniza, species, Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. 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AON FO Tey alow 8 See A Wa ce ehebe OL | OOS Ga) [Pst “se setae acs Sibson ULV oTliow suas cake “*7*"ssoljoqiy | £688 | OG8L'Z2 “SNV | 6 SSI EAE IG hel GEO OL | GEES Eg Ir tttt TTT BYSBpBag ‘JoqIVTy YNYNI YT “To ae ‘ ° aa ‘ ° o+ N MPOn nae es "ON “980 *suomitoodg *10400[[09 ~—«|uOFIe4g 010 “dwg, *m10}}0q "mtq | “M Su0T | ‘N ‘4eT *Ayyro0'T "$1)D]U9P1000 DrWUg {0 pauvunwxra 10140.0]T 158 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Diagnosis—A sharp carina runs on the dorsum from antero- lateral margin across cervical suture. A single, bilobed, cardiac carina. Dactyli of legs slender; posterior margin of last pair convex. Description of male.—Allied to chaetopterana. Much less hairy. A sharp denticulated carina extends from base of third leg across branchial region and across cervical suture to hepatic region. A sharp bilobed carina on cardiac region. Fixed finger of chela more deflexed than in chaetopterana, its basal tooth weaker; dactylus more strongly curved. Legs long and slender; first leg reaches to end of propodus of second, second and third same length, fourth reaching beyond middle of carpus of third; merus of third leg about 3} times as long as wide, its lower margin as well as that of the propo- dus minutely denticu- late; dactyli of first two legs slightly curved, of last two straight; anterior edge of dactylus of last leg straight, pos- terior edge convex. Abdomen wider, sides chiefly convex. Sexual variation.— Cardiac carina less raised and less sharp a in female than in Fig. 98.—PINNIXA SAYANA, MALE (18211). a@, OUTER MAX- male. Fingers not ILLIVED, X 20; b, ABDOMEN, X 112. Sres4 gaping; thumb longer, less deflexed, acutely pointed, widened at middle; dactylus less verti- eal than in male. Color——A rather fresh specimen is covered with very fine brown- ish dots, denser above than below. Measurements.—Male (18211), length of carapace 4.8, width of same 9.7 mm. Female (18806), length of carapace 3.5, width of same 7 mm. Development.—F rom the zoea direct to the crab form. Habitat—Fither found free cr dug out of the mud. In stomach of ocellated flounder (Verrill). Range.—Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, to Sarasota Bay, Florida. Shore to 26 fathoms. Material examined.— Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts; 1871; Verrill, Smith and Todd, U.S. Fish Comm.; 1 female (18806). +. 10 > THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 159 Woods Hole, Massachusetts; U. S. Fish Comm.: Sept. 18, 1882; 25 y. (40813). Surface; Oct. 2, 1882, 8 p. m.; 1 male y. (49223). Woods Hole, Massachusetts, or nee 1875 5; U. S. Fish Comm.: 1 male, 2 Peale (18807). Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts; U. S. Fish Comm.: 1875; 1 female (35307). From West Island to N. end of Woods Hole; 6-8} fathoms; bk. M. Sh. G.; temp. 71.1° F’.; Aug. 15, 1887; stations 1211-1221; steamer Fish awk; 1 female (12847). Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island; U. S. Fish Comm.: 8 fathoms; S. Sh.; temp. 62.5° F.; Aug. 6, 1880; station 772; steamer Fish Hawk, 3 males, 2 eae ovig. (36323). 10$ fathoms.; S. M. Sh.; temp. 69° F.; Aug. 6, 1880; station 774; steamer Fish Hawk; 1 female ovig. (34017). 20 fathoms; fne. sdy. M.; temp. 60° F.; Aug. 16, 1880; station 803; steamer Fish Hawk; 3 males, 2 females ovig. (36724). 14.5 fathoms; sdy. M. brk. Sh.; temp. 68° F.; Aug. 31, 1880; station 846; steamer /’2sh Yawk; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (36320). Shallows; 1880; 2 males (34003). Long Island Sound: Branford Beacon, Connecticut, N.NW., 43 miles; 13.3 fathoms; sft.; temp. 70° F.; Sept. 17, 1892; station 1704; steamer Yish Hawk, 2 fabs (18211). Chesapeake Bay: ‘off Barren Island, Maryland; 26 fathoms; sft.; temp. 45° F.; Apr. 25, 1916; station 8523, Fish Hawk; 2 males (49642). Chesapeake Bay: off Cove Point Light, Maryland; 4 fathoms; hrd.; temp. 51.9° F.; Apr. 25, 1916; station 8524, Fish Hawk; 1 female (49277). Sarasota Bay, Florida; Union College collection; 1 male (48488). PINNIXA CYLINDRICA (Say). Plate 35, figs. 5 and 8. Pinnotheres cylindricum Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, p. 452 (type-locality, Jeykill Island, Georgia; cotype:in Brit, Mus.).—De Kay, New York Fauna, Crust., vol. 6, 1$+44, p. 13. Pinnixa cylindrica Wuiter, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 83; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 1S, 1846, p. 177.—Stimrpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 18G0, p. 235.—VeErnizt, Rept. U. 8S. Fish Commr., vol. 1, 1871-72 (1873), p. 367 (part: ref. to Stimpson).—IK1nestey, Troe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878, p. 324 [9], (part, not ref. to Smith nor Long Island Sound); 1879 (1880), p. 402 (part; not refs. to Smith).—Ratupboun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 589. Pinniza laevigata Srimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 68 (type-locality, near Fort Johnson, harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, with the lobworm, Arenicola cristata; type not extant). Diagnosis —A long, transverse crest across cardiac region. Fin- gers similar, hooked, unidentate. A sharp crest on thumb continued part way on palm. Merus of third leg less than twice as long as wide. 160 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Description of male——Carapace smooth, punctate, punctae small and scarce in middle third, large and more numerous elsewhere. A deep groove separates anterior cardiac region from gastric and bran- chial regions; a sharp, granulate antero-lateral crest which does not reach cervical suture; a transverse ridge crosses middle of cardiac region between bases of feet of last pair; outer angles hairy; poste- rior border short, a little concave. Front not prominent, truncate, with a submarginal groove, produced backward at middle. Chelipeds smooth, punctate; chelae suboval; fingers horizontal, of subequal length, tips strongly hooked and overlapping when closed, leaving a gape; a sharp, finely milled crest runs from tip of pollex backward and upward, about two-fifths length of palm; a tooth on dactylus near mid- dle of prehensile edge, one on pol- lex distal to the middle. Dactyli of legs straight in the main, the fourth one convex poste- riorly and slightly concave anteriorly. First leg slender, a reaching to end b _ of propodus of Fig, 99.—PINNINA CYLINDRICA, MALE (17952). a, OUTER MAX- second; second ILLIPED, X 19; b, ABDOMEN, X 73. : stouter, to middle of dactylus of third; third very stout, merus 13 times as long as wide, distally narrowed, upper and lower margins finely granulate; fourth leg very short, reaching beyond merus of third by half length of dactylus. Color—Yellowish grey (Stimpson). Measurements.—Male (17952), length of carapace 5.8, width of same 11.8 mm. Female (49126), length of carapace 7.8, width of same 15.3 mm. Habitat—* Lives with the lobworm (Arenicola cristata) in its hole in the sand, which is not lined by any tube. The young occur in the early spring on slimy shores at low-water mark” (Stimpson). Range—North Falmouth, Massachusetts; Chesapeake Bay to Sar- asota Bay, Florida. Material examined.— North Falmouth, Massachusetts; Aug. 5, 1914; I’. M. Root; 1 female (49126). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 161 Chesapeake Bay: off Point Lookout Light, Maryland; 20 fath- oms; sft.; temp. 47.5° F.; Apr. 24, 1916; station 8520, Fish Hawk; 1 male (49643). Sarasota Bay, Florida; Feb., 1884; Henry Hemphill; 1 male (17952). ¢Florida; Union College collection (977); 1 male, identified by Kingsley (42790). PINNIXA FRANCISCANA, new species. Plate 35, figs. 1-4. Type-locality—Middle part of San Francisco Bay, California; 123-10 fathoms; station 5709, Albatross; female holotype, Cat. No. 48450, U.S.N.M. Diagnosis—Granulate ridge near lower edge of propodus of cheliped; thumb horizontal. Merus of third leg wide. Orbital margin granulate. . - a b Fig, 100.—PINNIXA FRANCISCANA. @, ABDOMEN OF MALE (48445), X 132; b, OUTER MAX- ILLIPED OF FEMALE HOLOTYPE, X 133. Description of female holotype——Near occidentalis, but carapace smoother, cardiac ridge blunt and straight. Propodus of cheliped small, upper edge convex, densely granulate, lower margin straight from near the wrist to end of finger; outer surface with a granulate ridge just above lower edge, continued to end of finger and fringed above with hair, also a line of granules through the middle, and 2 lines of punctae and hairs on upper half. Fingers wide, not gaping, tips crossing, a wide triangular tooth at middle of dactylus, a similar tooth on distal half of fixed finger. First leg reaches nearly to middle of dactylus of second, second nearly to end of third, fourth to middle of carpus of third; merus of third leg 13 times as long as wide, dis- tally narrow. Variations—Male differs from female in sharpness of cardiac ridge. Cardiac ridge in female may be somewhat sharp, as in female, station 5743. The merus of second leg is very slender in the young female and increases proportionally more rapidly in width than the body in size. Cheliped of male not known. 65863—17——11 162 Material examined of Pinnixa franciscana. Specimens. Cat. No. Collector. Sta- tion. Bottom. Tene: Fathoms. Locality. Poke i i$ ob, BS Fhe Bice Bee Lee SS trench. cS aoe a Sea thi es gai. cg Esa BR StS ie fens ‘ Be fe nm nig ‘mM Peay latte, ive ae eB ated QAAat} + Qy HOOSOO=~", gsanaas Res o P 4 TREE Ce marae le onan (rd Maret veh Wier e. e ee) pha teva: Clay tcvae ue st a Sie ie tela) ie” i aes) ey oe eee verges (er tee Rime fat ce! atop es Dice else. mia ee) fe er te a trabwae ce) veh ae ie Wer ae ve) (esas Cee ey ee caw epee ae eee. 05 26 01 05 a . aoa oF > : 3 ES ae es ee aa i on . mo 5 seene os 2s55u SHAaSaaar oC rn nani nn MOM MADON Sate re mo rhecke | Jerks! be ONCnr-rm crc Ap te) ONS eT tw, Ow hen or aes Toe oC fa ga oan ee, a Ss Ew 0 eve) tue oye af tye cee a8 a Re ee On an ee fs) QM, | es ceere Urn mens leita Se ora Ye pie, es te SD. Geee 6) bis Bet iayge) ay 8s 58 Dnt Cp suse Se Ut Ga: OW ALr ate area eeene ran 8, area) (evcre! ts! vey e. oe je) Teme e Ue sae D a0 G's Srepaaa jee ek YS Ce ee BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 5.7, width of same 11, length of third leg about 12 mm. Poe —San Francisco Bay, Ce 14-154 fathoms. Material examined.—See table. PINNIXA SCHMITTI,1 new species. Plate 35, figs. 6, 7, and 9. Pinniza occidentalis RatHspun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 187 (part: specimens from Cape Fox). Type -locality.— Lower San Francisco Bay, California; 94 to 11 fathoms; station 5728; Albatross; female holotype, Cat. No. 48441, U.S.N.M. Diagnosis—Palm stout, with convex mar- gins. Thumb horizontal, long in female, short in typical male. Dactyli of legs nearly straight. Upper margin of leg joints moderately curved. Description of female holotype.—tlLike franciscana, but carapace more oblong, as sides are less pointed and antero-lateral marginate crest is more prominent. Car- diac ridge obsolescent, broad and smoothly rounded; from a point behind each ex- tremity, a smooth ridge curves forward to the anterior branchial angle, widening dis- tally. Palm swollen, upper and lower mar- gins convex, the latter becoming slightly concave under base of finger, which last in- clines upward distally; outer and upper surfaces granulate, granules thinnest in middle, forming a line near lower edge, especially of finger, but very different from sharp, raised line in franciscana,; prehensile edges of fingers meeting, sinuous. Relative lengths of legs much as in franciscana, but merus of third leg less dilated, twice as long as wide, margins granulate, as also of the propodus. 1 Named for Mr. Waldo L. Schmitt, scientific assistant on the Albatross, 1911-14. Py ee es a THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 163 Variations.—Iin the fully developed male the chela is much higher in proportion to its length than in the female, its margins straighter, surface nongranulate, the thumb very short, the dactylus bent in an obliquely vertical directton, prehensile edges each obscurely biden- tate. Abdomen suboblong, its sides slightly convex. There are males in which the chelae are similar to those of the female, that is, swollen, granulate, thumb only a little shorter than dactylus; they differ from those of the female in being more swollen and dactylus shorter. There is some variation (1) in the width of the legs, but as they are of the same general shape, I am disposed to think that the speci- mens listed below are all of one species; (2) in the length and promi- nence of the granulate, antero-lateral ridge; (3) in the inequalities of the dorsal surface of the carapace. Measurements—Female holotype, length of carapace 5, width of same 8.5, length of third leg about 9.7 mm. Male (25850), length it's Si) “i ¥: 4 4 UY 5 KS se. SOS RGR E A. js Ee b C Fic. 101.—PINNIXA SCHMITTI, MALE (25850). @, OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 154; 0b, ABDO- MEN, X 72; C, LEFT OR LARGER CHELA, X 7. of carapace 5, width of same 9.2, length of third leg about 10 mm. Range.—Port Levasheff, Alaska, to San Francisco Bay, California. 7 to 80 fathoms. Material examined —Port Levasheff, Unalaska, Alaska; 70 to 80 fathoms; M. St.; W. H. Dall; 1 male (48440). Left chela with medium thumb and slightly gaping fingers, right chela with long thumb and nongaping fingers, both palms granulate. Cape Fox, Alaska; W. R. Coe, Harriman Exped.; 3 males, 1 female (25850). 2 males have short thumb, gaping fingers and smooth palm; smallest male has medium thumb, nongaping fingers and granulate palm; female without chelae. Puget Sound; 1908; 1 male, 1 female (Stanford Univ.). Small; male with medium thumbs, gaping fingers and granulate palm; female with long thumbs and granulate palm. Upper San Francisco Bay, Cal., 94 to 134 fathoms; fne. dk. gy. S. sft. gy. M.; temp. 13.29° C.; Feb. 28, 1912; station 5715, Albatross; 1 male (48442). With longish thumbs, nongaping fin- gers and granulate palms. 164 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Middle San Francisco Bay: 9 to 7 fathoms; fne., semiliquid brown- ish-gy. M.; temp. 12.69° C.; Feb. 6, 1912; station 5706, Albatross, 1 male (48489); with shortish thumbs, fingers gaping, palms almost smooth. 74 to 9 fathoms; sft. gy. M.; temp. 12.72° C.; Feb. 28, 1912; station 5718, Albatross; 1 female (48444); with long thumbs, nongaping fingers and granulate palms. 8} fathoms; very muddy S.; temp. 12.69° C.; Dec. 18, 1912; station 5825 A, Albatross; 1 female (48443); with unequal chelae, long thumbs, nongaping fingers and granulate palms. Lower San Francisco Bay; 94-11 fathoms; bk. stky. M. Sh. Clinkers; temp. 12.85° C.; Mar. 6, 1912; station 5723, Albatross, 1 female holotype (48441). With long thumbs, non-gaping fingers and granulate palms. PINNIXA HIATUS, new species. Plate 36, figs. 1-4. Type-locality —Off Catalina Island, California; 50 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 female holotype (Cat. No. 29949, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Dactyli of legs styliform. Fingers gaping; propodal finger shorter, subtruncate at tip; a ridge near outer margin of each finger. Posterior margin of carapace long. Description of female—Carapace very wide, narrowed at sides, antero-lateral margin arcuate without a definite angle and marked by a raised and finely granulate edge up to hepatic region; posterior margin very long and straight; front advanced, widely emarginate in dorsal view. Surface smooth, sparingly punctate, a groove behind gastric region. Subhepatic region prominent. Orbits oval, filled by eyes. Palm suboblong, upper margin convex, lower a Rees ee aS ax. Margin of palm and thumb sinuous, a granu- LipEeD or reMALE woLo- lated ridge on distal half just above lower edge. meee es A corresponding ridge on dactylus. Thumb definitely shorter than dactylus and curving up toward it, extremity obliquely notched by means of a tuberculiform tooth. Dactylus curved, a tooth just behind middle; a wide gape when fingers are closed. Merus of first leg slender, of other legs narrowed at distal end; carpus of all legs longer than propodus; propodus tapering distally, but wider at end than adjoining end of dactyl; dactyls styliform, more slender in first and second pairs; in third pair, the anterior edge of merus and posterior edge of propodus is finely saw-toothed, posterior edge of merus more coarsely granulate, anterior edge of dactylus spinulous. Posterior margin of merus of second leg finely granulate. Posterior margin of third leg and both margins of last leg fringed with hair. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 165 Measurements —Female holotype, length of carapace 3.6, width of same 7.7 mm. Range.—Known only from the type-locality. . PINNIXA TUBICOLA Holmes. Plate 36, figs. 5-8. Pinniza tubicola Hotmes, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 4, 1894, p. 569, pl. 20, figs. 17 and 18 (type-localities, Trinidad, Cape Mendocino and Bodega Bay, California; types not extant) ; Occas. Papers Califor- nia Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 91—RatuHsBun, Harriman Alaska Hxped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 187—WeymoutH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, pl. 57, text-fig. 4. Pinniza longipes WryMoutH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 58 (part: two young specimens). Diagnosis.—Carapace 24 times as broad as long in female, twice as broad as long in male. Propodus of third leg wider at distal end than base of dactylus. Chelae smooth, fingers hooked. Fig. 103.—PINNIXA TUBICOLA. @, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE (20860), X 222; b, AB- DOMEN OF MALE, TRINIDAD, X 154; €, LEFT CHELA OF MALE, X 6, AFTER WEYMOUTH. Description of female-——Carapace very wide, subcylindrical, slop- ing rather steeply on all sides toward the margins. Gastro-cardiac depression shallow. No cardiac ridge, only a smoothly rounded trans- verse elevation. Posterior margin very wide, slightly concave. Front not projecting beyond general contour. Outer portion of antero-lateral margin ridged. Chelae smooth, narrowing distally, upper and lower margins of palm convex, a deep sinus below union of palm and immovable finger, fingers meeting or almost meeting, tips strongly hooked and crossing each other, each armed with a small tooth (which may be absent) the propodal tooth distal to the dactylar. 166 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Of the ambulatory legs the first is feeble, reaching scarcely to middle of propodus of second leg; second leg much larger but of similar, shape, reaching middle of dactylus of third leg; third leg very stout, with shorter dactylus than two preceding, the propodal joint much wider at distal end than base of dactylus; fourth leg shortest, not exceeding merus of third, its last 3 segments similar to those of third. Description of male—Differs from female in smaller size, shorter posterior margin, slightly projecting front, with deep median groove, and longer antero-lateral marginal ridge. Abdomen wider at the first 8 segments than the sternum on either side, and tapering rapidly from base of third to middle of sixth segment, last segment wider than long, evenly rounded. Measurements—Female (20860), length of carapace 4, width of same 10, length of third leg about 10 mm. Male (Trinidad), length of carapace 3.2, width of same 6.8 mm. Habitat—Usually found commensal in leathery tubes of annelids (Holmes). Range.—Puget Sound to San Diego, California. Material examined.— Puget Sound; 1907; 1 male (Stanford Univ.). Friday Harbor, Washington; July 1, 1916; Evelyn D. Way; in tubes of Amphitrite; 4 females (49952). Trinidad, California; June 2, 1896; S. J. Holmes, collector; 1 fe- male, ovigerous, from calcareous tube of worm, cotype (20860). Trinidad, California; June 27, 1911; W. F. Thompson; 1 male, 4 females (3 ovig.) (Stanford Univ.). Mendocino, California; A. Agassiz; 1 female ovig. (1048, M. C. Z.). Pacific Grove, California; 2 females y. (Stanford Univ.). -Off Point Conception, California; lat. 34° 25’ 25’” N.; long. 120° 20’ 00’ W.; 31 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; Jan. 8, 1889; station 2908, steamer Albatross; 1 female (24752). PINNIXA WEYMOUTHI, new species. Plate 36, figs. 9 and 10. Pinnixa californiensis WeymMoutTH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 56 (part: young female from Pacific Grove). Pinniza faba WeymoutH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 59, text-fig. 7 (part; not synonymy). Type-locality—Monterey Bay, California; 5 fathoms; male holo- type in Stanford University. Diagnosis ——Carapace narrow, sides subtruncate. Chelae pubes- cent, thumb horizontal. Dactyli of legs slightly curved. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 167 Description of male-—Carapace smooth; cardiac region a trans- verse rounded elevation; sides subtruncate, antero-lateral angles rather prominent; front deflexed, advanced; antero-lateral margin sharp, from hepatic region backward; posterior margin little wider than base of abdomen. Chelae pubescent; upper and lower margins of manus convex; fin- gers subconical, horizontal, curving toward each other near tips, edges sinuous, meeting, tips crossing. Legs pubescent especially last 2 segments, propodi convex on both margins; first leg narrow, propodus no longer than wide, dactylus long and nearly straight; second leg wider, but similar, reaching end of propodus of third leg; third leg wide, dactylus shghtly curved; fourth leg similar but smaller, reaching middle of carpus of third. Abdomen with first segment very wide at base, its sides very oblique; second to sixth segment gradually diminishing, sixth con- stricted at middle; seventh short, margin broadly rounded. Ze) a b c Fic. 104.—PINNIXA WEYMOUTHI, MALE HOLOTYPE. @, OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 20; 0b, LEFT CHELA, X 73%, AFTER WHYMOUTH ; C, ABDOMEN, X 16. Description of female.—The female referred here is about the same size as the male but has a thin shell, so that its shape is not well defined. Front less advanced and antero-lateral margin less sharply marked than in male. Chelae not pubescent outside, similar in shape to those of male, except that the thumb is a little shorter. Legs as in male. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 3.3, width of same 5.3 mm. Range.—Monterey Bay, California. Beach to 5 fathoms. Material examined—Monterey Bay, California, off Monterey wharf; 5 fathoms; June 28, 1907; 1 male holotype (Stanford Univ.). Third Beach, Pacific Grove, California; free on the beach; June 26, 1907; 1 female ovig. (Stanford Univ.). A ffinities.—Related to P. tubicola, schmitti, and hiatus, all of which have smooth carapaces, swollen palms, and nearly straight dactyli of the legs; weymouthi is narrower, its sides truncated, and antero- lateral angle more prominent. The male abdomen of tubicola is more triangular, that of schmétti has more convex margins than in weymouth. 168 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PINNIXA AFFINIS Rathbun. Pinniza affinis RatHsun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 606, pb. 43, figs. 7-9 (type-locality, Panama Bay, 26 fathoms; female holotype, Cat. No. 21594, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis —Lower margin of palm of female mostly convex; pollex short; posterior margin of merus of third ambulatory leg armed with spinules or small spines. Description—Allied to P. occidentalis. Carapace of female broader than in occidentalis, regions distinctly indicated, cardiac re- a Fic. 105.—PINNIXA AFFINIS, FEMALE HOLOTYPE. ad, DORSAL VIEW, X 3; b, ENDOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED, X 223. gion crossed by a blunt, transverse, bilobed crest; surface punctate, punctae largest on branchial regions. Antero-lateral border of bran- chial region a granulate line. Front not advanced beyond line of subhepatic region. Third joint of palp of outer maxilliped articu- lated near proximal end of inner side of second. Chelipeds smooth, pubescent; lower margin of palm convex except near base of pollex, which is short, very broad, deflexed, prehensile edge irregularly dentate, terminating in a short, acute spine; dactylus with a large tooth at basal third; fingers not gaping when closed. First two legs slender, margins of pro- podal joints subparallel; first reaches to end Fig. 106.—Pinnixa arvinis, Of propodus of second; second to end of RIGHT CHELA OF FEMALE propodus. of third. Third leg broadest; HOLOTYPE, X 18. ; : fs merus very hairy along margins; posterior margin armed with spinules, those near middle larger and _ spine- like; anterior margin granulous. Fourth leg reaches about to end of carpus of third; propodus narrow, as in first and second. Mecasurements—Female holotype, length of carapace 3.4, width of same 7.3 mm. Specimen examimed.—Panama Bay, lat. 8° 27’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 35’ 00’ W.; 26 fathoms; gn. M.; Mar. 30, 1888; station 2803, Alba- tross; 1 female with eggs, holotype, Cat. No. 21594, U.S.N.M. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 169 PINNIXA BREVIPOLLEX Rathbun. Pinniza brevipoller RatusBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 605, pl. 43, fig. 6 (type-locality, off Gulf of San Matias, Argentina, 43 fathoms, station 2768, Albatross; female holotype, Cat. No. 21593, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis —Lower margin of palm nearly straight; pollex short; dactyl transverse. A transverse, blunt, cardiac crest. Description Entire surface covered with a dense pubescent coat. Carapace uneven, punctate; gastric and hepatic regions bounded by very deep furrows; cardiac region high and crossed by a transverse erest, surmounted in male by two triangular tubercles compressed from before backward, subacute; in female, crest lower, blunt, di- vided in middle by a very shallow sinus. Frontal and hepatic re- Fic. 107.—PINNIXA BREVIPOLLEX, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, X 28. gions granulated. Subhepatic region with a small depressed area or tubercle surrounded by a deep groove. Antero-lateral margin of branchial region armed with from 4 to 6 distant, blunt spinules be- ginning at the lateral angle and followed near hepatic region by smaller tubercles or granules. Inferior margin of carapace granu- lated. Margins of frontal lobes extend obliquely backward from middle. Antennae exceed width of front. Last two joints of palpus of maxilliped oblong; terminal joint articulated near base of second joint, and overreaching it consider- ably, overlapping the sternum and in the male touching the tip of the abdomen. Chelipeds of male unknown. Propodus of female very broad, flat, increasing in width distally, its greatest width equaling the superior length; upper margin slightly convex; lower also for proximal two- thirds; deflexed for its distal third; a very short high pollex with a small terminal spine, its distal margin transverse, armed with two tubercles, one near insertion of dactylus and the other at the middle. 170 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dactylus transverse, a tubercle at middle of prehensile margin which fits against margin of propodus. First and second legs narrow, second longer, larger, and reaching extremity of propodus of third pair. Merus of third pair very little dilated at middle. Fourth pair reaches middle of carpus of third pair. Sides of male abdomen ffom third to fifth segments, inclusive, converge regularly; those of sixth segment still more convergent, seg- ment very short; terminal segment narrowest, broader than long, rounded. Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 6.6, width of same 12.5 mm. Male (21593), length of carapace 5.5, width of same 11 mm. b Fic. 108.—PINNIXA BREVIPOLLEX. @, OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE HOLOTYPE, X 1883 b, ABDOMEN OF MALE (21593), X Té. Material examined —Offt Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia; lat. 42° 24’ 00’ S.; long. 61° 388’ 30’’ W.; 43 fathoms; dk. S. bk. Sp.; Jan. 14, 1888; station 2768, Albatross; 1 male, 2 females (1 female holo- type), Cat. No. 215938, U.S.N.M. Genus SCLEROPLAX Rathbun. Scleroplazr Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1898, p. 250; type, S. granulata Rathbun. Carapace transverse, subpentagonal, hard, very convex, regions scarcely indicated, lower or true antero-lateral margin curving grad- ually into postero-lateral margin, not forming an angle with it as in Pinniza. Ambulatory legs similar, third longest but not unusually long, fourth not noticeably reduced. Ischium of outer maxillipeds rudimentary, merus oblique, palpus three-jointed, the last joint articulating near proximal end of preceding joint. Only a single species known. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 171 SCLEROPLAX GRANULATA Rathbun. Plate 37, figs. 1-3. Scleroplaz granulatus RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1898, p. 251 (type-locality, Ensenada, Lower California; female holotype, Cat. No. 17497, U.S.N.M.) ; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 188, pl. 7, fig. 5—WeryMoutTH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 59, text-fig. 8. Pinnixa (Scleroplax) granulata HotmeEs, Oceas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 94. Diagnosis —Carapace high, not areolated, less than twice as wide as long. Chela of male very wide, of female very feeble. Legs similar. Description of female.—Carapace smooth and punctate in center, finely granulate elsewhere; antero-lateral margin of the dorsum marked by an arcuate, granulate ridge, which stops short of the DQ Wf a b Tic. 109.—ScLEROPLAX GRANULATA. @, ABDOMEN OF MALE (49247), X 15%; 0, ENDOG- NATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED OF FEMALE PARATYPE, X 15%. postero-lateral margin, and at cervical suture; a separate, blunt prominence on hepatic margin. Front straight as seen from above, depressed at middle and outer corners; orbits ovate, less than half as wide as front. Merus of maxillipeds granulate, an alate expansion on either side; last two joints of palpus elongate, medially grooved, last joint reaching slightly beyond preceding. Chelipeds weak, granulate, especially on dorsal surface; thumb horizontal, with outer ridge, tip acute; fingers not gaping. Legs slender, third pair longest, dactyli shghtly curved, last one nearly straight. Sexual variation—In male, chela much larger, propodus nearly smooth, with convex margins, thumb shorter than wide, with a large tooth occupying greater part of prehensile edge and largely filling gape caused by the curved dactylus. Abdomen constricted between last two segments, margin of last segment rounded. Carapace less extensively granulated. In the single male from San Francisco Bay 173 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the right chela and right legs, and probably the last left leg, are in process of regeneration. Measurements.—Female (paratype), length of carapace 5.8, width of same 8.2 mm. Male (49247), length of carapace 4.6, width of same 6.2 mm. Range.—Departure Bay, British Columbia, to Ensenada, Lower California. Specimens examined.— Departure Bay, British Columbia; George W. Taylor; 1 female (39130). Friday Harbor, Washington; in Mya arenaria; July 1, 1916; Evelyn D. Way; 1 male, 1 female (49951). Puget Sound; Aug., 1908; 3 males, 3 females, ovig. (Stanford Univ.). Puget Sound, near Tacoma, Washington; 1907; 2 males, 2 females (1 ovig.), (Stanford Univ.). Oyster Bay, Washington, from stomach of Bufflehead (Chara- tonetta albeola); Dec. 4, 1914; 1 female (Biol. Survey Coll.. U. S. Dept. of Agr.). Middle San Francisco Bay; 7-4 fathoms; large and small angular rock fragments; temp. 12.01° C.; Apr. 16, 1912; station 5775a; steamer Albatross; 1 male (49247). Ensenada, Lower California; C. R. Orcutt; 3 females (holotype and paratypes) and fragment of male (17497). Genus OPISTHOPUS Rathbun. Opisthopus RatusBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 251; type, O. transversus Rathbun. Carapace subquadrilateral, a little wider than long, firm, harder in male than in female, smooth; regions not defined; antero-lateral margins arcuate; front rounding down toward the epistome. Outer maxillipeds with ischium well developed and well defined, but partly fused with the merus; merus wide, palpus 3-jointed, the last joint articulated near the proximal end of the inner side of the penulti- mate joint. Ambulatory legs similar and differing little in size, second longest. Perhaps should be united with Pémnacodes. Known only from the typical species. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 178 OPISTHOPUS TRANSVERSUS Rathbun. Plate 87, figs. 4 and 5. Opisthopus transversus RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 252 (type-locality, Monterey, California; female holotype, Cat. No. 3446, U. S. N. M.) ; Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 188, pl. 9, fig. 2, text-fig. 95--Hotmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 97.—WerymMoutH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 61, text-fig. 9. Diagnosis—Carapace little transverse, suboblong, convex, even, firm. Legs similar, second longest, but not notably so; dactyli curved. ; Description of female——Carapace highest in middle, whence it slopes downward in all directions. Some shallow depressions par- tially inclose the various regions. A border of pubescence along part of antero-lateral margin. True lateral margin of carapace not Fig, 110.—OPpISTHOPUS TRANSVERSUS, FEMALE (23927). a, DoRSAL VIEW, X 12; 5b, EN- DOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED, 8. visible in dorsal view. Front not visible from above; in anterior view it is triangular, being longer in middle than at outer angles. Orbits a broad oval, filled by eyes. Chelipeds of good size, pubescent, and with margins of merus and inner surface of carpus and propodus hairy; palm increasing shghtly in width to distal end, lower margin convex; fingers elon- gate, nearly horizontal, not gaping, one small tooth at base of dactylus and two or three at base of pollex, tips hooked and crossing each other. Legs thick, pubescent, margins hairy, second leg longest, third similar, reaching middle of dactylus of second, first pair a little shorter than third, fourth pair shortest, reaching middle of pro- podus. Margins of merus joints subparallel. Dactyli strongly curved. Sexual variation.—Male much smaller and less convex than female, front less deflexed and pubescent. Chelae shorter and higher, thumb shorter. Abdomen tapers regularly from third to last segment. In 174 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the young female the hand approaches in shape that of male. The female may reach maturity while its abdomen is still as narrow as that of male (Weymouth). Color—Carapace covered with irregular and interrupted reticu- lating lines of red on a light ground. Spotted with vermilion (W. A. Hilton). Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 14, width of same 18 mm.; male (23051), length of carapace 9.8, width of same 11.8 mm. Habitat—Found in siphon of Pholas, the rock-boring mollusk; in mantle cavity of clam, Mytilus edulis; in the large key-hole limpet, ZLucapina crenulata; and in the common holothurian, Stichopus californicus. Range.——Monterey to San Diego, California. Material examined.— Monterey Bay, California: In mantle cavity of Lucapina cre- nulata; Harold Heath; received Nov. 25, 1898; 1 male (22880). In Lucapina crenulata; 4 males, 6 females (2 ovig., 1 of these has a narrow, subtriangular abdomen) (Stanford Univ.). Monterey; C. A. Canfield; 1 male, 3 females (1 ovig., 1 is holo- type) (3446). Pacific Grove: John C. Brown; 6 males, 1 female y. (23926). In mantle cavity of Mytilus edulis; John C. Brown; 1 female (23927). Two miles S. by E. of Point del Rey; Aug. 8, 1913; Venice Marine Biological Station; 1 male y. (49301). San Pedro; H. N. Lowe; 1 female (49211). Anaheim Landing; from siphon of a piddock (Pholas); H. N. Lowe; 1 male, 1 female (23051). Off Catalina Island; 50 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (29950). Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton, Pomona College; 1 male (50104). Point Loma; Jan. 28, 1889; steamer Albatross; 1 female ovig. (17481). San Diego; Henry Hemphill; received Apr. 15, 1874; 1 female (5743, M. C. Z.). Genus PINNAXODES Heller. Pinnazodes Hrtirr, Reise Novara, vol. 2, Abth. 3, 1865, Crust., p. 67; type, P. hirtipes Heller=P. chilensis (Milne Edwards). Carapace thin and either soft and yielding or firm and parchment- hike. Outer maxillipeds similar in form to those of Pinnixa; merus either fused or partly fused with ischium and nearly longitudinal in position; palpus of good size, terminal segment articulated on inner margin of preceding segment. Chelipeds much stouter than legs. Legs similar and not markedly unequal. South America; Japan (Ortmann). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 175 KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PINNAXODES, A’. Carapace subquadrate with corners rounded or obovate. Last segment of outer maxilliped overreaching penult segment. Legs not markedly slender, propodites not more than 2.5 times longer than wide; dactyl of last leg curved. B*. Carapace soft in female, firm in male. Palms of female elongate. Legs narrow. Sixth segment of male abdomen constricted__chilensis, p. 175. B*. Carapace firm in both sexes. Palms of female not much longer than broad. Legs short and broad. Sixth segment of male abdomen not COOPONS Tea Gy 5) 6 Le 2 LE a ot pe a meinerti, p. 177. A’. Carapace of female circular. Last segment of outer maxilliped not over- reaching penult segment. Legs very slender, propodites several times longer than wide; dactyl of last leg straight__________ tomentosus, p. 178. PINNAXODES CHILENSIS (Milne Edwards). Plate 38. Pinnotheres chilensis MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 33 (type-loeality, Valparaiso; type in Paris Mus.).—Mi~ne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. lAmér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 23; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, Crust., pl. 10, figs. 2 and 2a. Fabia chilensis Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 383. Pinnaxodes hirtipes HeEtier, Reise Novara, vol. 2, Abth. 3, Crust., 1865, p. 68, pl. 6, fig. 2 (type-locality, Ecuador, in an Hchinus; type in Vienna Mus.). Pinnasodes chilensis SmiruH, in Verrill, Amer. Nat., vol. 3, 1869, p. 245; Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 170.—OrTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1894, p. 696, pl. 23, fig. 8—RatHsBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 587. Pinnaxodes hirtipes ? RatHBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 607, pl. 43, figs. 10 and 11. Diagnosis —Carapace soft in female, firm in male. Palms of fe- male elongate. Legs narrow. Sixth segment of male abdomen con- stricted. 3 Description of female—Body very soft and yielding; carapace a little wider than long, subquadrate with rounded corners; posterior margin concave; anterior straight, interrupted by a median sulcus on the frontal region; lateral sulcus very short, not deep and continued to orbit, as in Fabia. Eyes, but not margin of front, partially visible in dorsal view. Ventral surface of body, including margin of front, also margins of chelipeds and legs, clothed with long, soft hair. Chelipeds stout, elongate; palms increasing in width to distal end, upper margin straight, lower margin sinuous; fingers stout, a little deflexed, closing tight together, a subbasal tooth on dactyl. Legs similar, of nearly equal length, 2 and 3 a little longer than 1 and 4; propodites tapering, sides nearly straight; dactyli moder- ately curved, last pair longest. Abdomen covering sternum. 176 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Description of male——Firmer than female and of smaller size; fronto-orbital width nearly half of carapace width; chelae shorter, margins of palm convex; fingers more horizontal. Legs more un- equal, the fourth definitely the smallest, the first stoutest ; propodites faintly curved, dactyli longer than in female, third longest. Abdo- men tapering regularly from third to sixth segment, the latter con- stricted at middle; terminal segment with end rounded. Measurements—Female (49288), length of carapace 13.2, width of same 15 mm. Male (22112), length of carapace 7, width of same 7.6 mm. Habitat—Parasitic in sea-urchins (Caenocentrotus gibbosus and Lowechinus albus). Nearly all the specimens of C. gibbosus in the b Fie. 111.—PINNAXODES CHILENSIS, MALE (22112). a, ENDOGNATH OF OUTER MAXILLIPED, MUCH ENLARGED; 0, ABDOMEN, X 43. United States National Museum show evidence of parasitization. Verrill says? of a collection of 90 specimens of this urchin: An examination of the interior showed that in each specimen a crab (Fabia chilensis) * * * had effected a lodgment in the upper part of the intes- tine, which had thereby been greatly distended in the form of a membranous cyst, attached to one side of the shell and extending around to the lower sur- face near the mouth. The shell is usually swollen on the side over the cyst, and the anal area is depressed and distorted, with a large open orifice passing obliquely into the cyst, out of which the crab may thrust its legs at pleasure, but is apparently unable, when full grown, to come entirely out. All the speci- mens examined in the cyst were females, carrying eggs, but a very small crab found clinging among the spines appears to be the male. The crab probably effects an entrance into the intestine through the anus while quite young, and, by its presence and growth in that position, causes the gradual distortion of the shell and formation of the cyst.’ Range.—Ecuador to Port Otway, Patagonia. 1 Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 44, 1867, p. 126. 2 For further notes on the habits of this species, see Verrill, in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 1, 1866, p. 306, and Amer. Nat., vol. 3, 1869, p. 246. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. LT Material examined.— Pacasmayo, Peru; from Caenocentrotus gibbosus (L. Agassiz) ; beach, sandy at low water, cobblestones 5 to 6 feet deep at edge of high water; Oct. 7, 1884; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. N., U. S. S. Wachusett; fragments of 1 female (48250). Bay of Tocopila, Chile; from Lowechinus albus (Molina); A. Hrdlicka; 1 female (49237). San Pedro, Chiloe Island, Chile; Hassler Exped.; 1 male (5787, 1.0.2.) . Port Otway, Patagonia; Feb. 9, 1888; Albatross; 1 male (22112). From Lovechinus albus (Molina) ; Feb. 9, 1888; Albatross; 1 female (49238). From Loxechinus albus (Molina) ; Feb., 1888; Albatross; 4 females (49235). Remarks.—F¥ or discrepancies between the figures of Milne Edwards and Lucas and those of Heller, see Smith.t This species, as pre- viously figured, represents the ischium and merus of maxilliped completely fused, but specimens examined by the writer show a faint or incomplete suture line. The male from Chiloe shows the pits on the carapace more dis- tinctly than the male from Port Otway; there are 4 in a square at the 4 corners of the cardiac region; in front of the anterior pair there is another pair, each of which forms a corner of a rhomb on each gastric region. PINNAXODES MEINERTI Rathbun. Plate 25, figs. 1-3. Pinnazxodes meinerti RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17, 1904, p. 162 (type-locality, Valparaiso, Chile; holotype male in Copenhagen Mus.). Diagnosis.—Carapace firm in both sexes, wider than in chilensis. Palms of female short and broad. Legs short and broad. Sixth seg- ment of male abdomen not constricted. Description of male holotype.—Lower surface of body, inner sur- face of chelipeds and posterior margin of ambulatory legs covered with a thick felt-like coat; anterior margin of basal portion of legs clothed with long hairs. Carapace obovate, a little broader than long, thin but firm, and almost smooth. Fronto-orbital width about two-fifths width of carapace; front deflexed, its margin scarcely visible in dorsal view, and most produced at middle; orbits as wide as front, eyes showing from above. Merus and ischium of maxilliped fused, although the line of division is faintly indicated. Chelipeds very stout; dactylus as long as upper margin of palm; lower margin of propodus concave at middle; fingers meeting when 1Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, 1870, p. 171. 65863—17. 12 178 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. closed, tips crossing, dactylus with a basal tooth; propodal finger with margin in part denticulate, a larger tooth near its middle. Legs stout; propodites strongly tapering distally, that of third leg 0.6 as wide as its length on anterior margin; dactyli broad at base and considerably shorter than propo- dites. The abdomen di- minishes regularly from third to seventh seoment, the latter two-thirds as long as its basal width. Description of fe- male.— Larger than \ \ VY male, but general as- ue pect similar. Palm a b longer and fingers Fig. 112.— PINNAXODES MEINERTI. @, OUTER MAXILLIPED shorter than in male, pe a: (5760), X 153; 0, ABDOMEN OF MALE Ore, the dactyl shorter than upper edge of palm. Fingers gaping when closed. Dactyli of legs shorter and wider than in male. Abdomen longer but no wider than sternum. Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 6.8, width of same 7.9mm. Female (M.C.Z.), length of carapace 11.7, width of same 13.8 mm. Range.—Chile: Valparaiso to Taleahuano. Material examined.— Valparaiso; Mr. Kr¢yer; 1 male holotype (Copenhagen Mus.). Talcahuano; Hassler Exped.; 1 female (5760, M.C.Z.). PINNAXODES TOMENTOSUS Ortmann. Pinnaxodes tomentosus ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1894, p. 697, pl. 23, figs. 9, 9% (type-locality, Brasi- lien; cotypes in Strassburg Mus.). Diagnosis——Carapace of female cir- b cular. Last segment of outer maxil- Z liped not overreaching penult segment.’ ¥!¢-' 118.—PINNAxODES "TOMENTO- : SUS, FEMALE, COTYPE. @, OUTER Legs very slender, propodites several MAXILLIPED, X ABour 10; 8, times longer than wide; dactyl of last (oe Gey NAR SEB leg longest and straight. Description of female—Entire body and feet covered with short, soft felt. Chelipeds of medium size, chela rather long, palm over twice as long as wide, toward the base somewhat smaller, margins THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 179 rounded. Fingers shorter than palm, shutting together. Legs slen- der, propodus several times longer than wide; dactyli tolerably straight, except those of the third pair which are shorter and some- what curved, and those of fourth pair which are longer and entirely straight. Abdomen very wide, covering the whole sternum. Locality.—Brazil (2 females in Strassburg Mus.). Remarks.—I think that this species is very likely a Pinnotheres. Genus TETRIAS Rathbun. Tetrias RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 607; type, T. seabripes Rathbum.—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 335. Carapace transversely oblong, hard, regions indicated, posterior two-thirds flattened, anterior third deflexed; antero-lateral angles rounded, sides steep. Ischium well developed, distinct from merus, palpus very large, joints end to end, the last two joints widening distally, last joint attached near inner end of distal margin of pre- ceding. Chelipeds stout. Legs diminishing, from second to fourth, which is very small; first and third subequal. Abdomen of female suborbicular, at base only half width of sternum, tip overlapping buccal cavity. Inhabits the Indo-Pacific and Gulf of California. TETRIAS SCABRIPES Rathbun. Plate 39, figs. 4 and 5. Tetrias scabripes RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 608, pl. 48, figs. 12-14 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 94 fathoms; holo- type female, Cat. No. 21595, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis —Carapace transverse, oblong, uneven, hard. Palpus of maxilliped very large, segments end to end. Chelipeds and bases of legs spinulous. Second leg longest, fourth very small; dactyli curved. Description of female—Carapace covered with a short, dense coat- ing of coarse, dark setae, beneath which the surface is punctate; regions indicated by impressed lines and pits, the deepest between cardiac and gastric regions; a tubercle on outer margin of hepatic region. Front projecting very slightly beyond anterior margin of carapace and bent down to form roof of antennular cavities, as in Pinniza. Maxillipeds bearded with long silken hairs, most noticeable on margins of last two palpar joints and in a transverse line on merus. Outer surface of merus of chelipeds triangular, as wide as long; upper and lower margins rough with small spines or spinules; inner angles of carpus rectangular, each armed with two or three short 180 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. spines. Palms wide, margins convex and subacute, outer surface cov- ered with sharp tubercles in longitudinal lines, which extend to tips of fingers. Fingers finely dentate on prehensile edges and fitting close together. Merus joints of legs narrow, margins subparallel; first leg reaches end of propodus of second, merus with inferior margin denticulate, superior margin with three spinules at proximal end, carpus and propodus short and wide, dactylus stout, half as long as propodus; second or longest leg a little longer than width of carapace, merus with spinule at proximal end of upper margin, lower margin some- what roughened, carpus and propodus proportionally narrower than in first leg; third leg reaches to about middle of propodus of second, the segments resemble those of second pair but are unarmed; last leg much reduced, not reaching end of merus of second leg, segments proportionally rather wide, lower margin of ischium and merus Fic. 114.—TsaTRIAS SCABRIPES, FEMALE HOLOTYPE. @, RIGHT CHELA, X 5; D, OUTER MAXILLIPEDS, X 5%; €, DORSAL ASPECT, X 23%. armed with spines and spinules, dactylus very small. Legs covered with setae like those on carapace and fringed with hair; dactyh curved. Abdomen of female fringed with long hair. Measurements.—¥emale holotype, length of carapace 6, width of same 10, width of dorsal surface at middle 9.2 mm. Material examined Southern part of Gulf of California; lat. 94° 12’ 00’’ N.; long: 109° 55’ 00’ W.; 93 fathoms; Sh.; Apr. 30, 1888; station 2826, steamer Albatross; 1 female ovig., holotype (21595). Genus PINNOTHERELIA Milne Edwards and Lucas. Pinnotherelia Mitne Epwarps and Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy. lAmér, Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 24; type, P. laevigata Milne Edwards and Lucas. Carapace a little wider than long, antero-lateral margins rounded and rather prominent. Front between the eyes wide, deflexed, me- dian projection fused with epistome. Orbits oval; eyes of medium size, somewhat elongate and tapering. Hiatus at inner angle of orbit THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 181 filied by antennae; antennules transverse. Buccal area very convex. Outer maxillipeds large, longitudinally placed, ischium of good size and distinct from the elongate merus, joints of palpus large, end to end. Chelipeds stout, smooth. Legs similar, second longest. Sternum flat, forming an acute angle with the plane of the carapace. Abdomen of male triangular, 7-segmented, although fifth and sixth segments are partially fused; abdomen of female suborbicular, sev- enth segment invaginated in the sixth. Contains only one species. PINNOTHERELIA LAEVIGATA Milne Edwards and Lucas. Plate 39, figs. 1-3; plate 40, figs. 1 and 2. Cyclograpsus (2?) gnatherion KINAHAN, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc., vol. 1, 1857, p. 348 (type-localities, Chinchas Islands and Callao; types in Mus. Roy. Dublin Soc.). Pinnotherelia laevigata Mitnr Epwarps and Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy. VAmér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 25 (type-locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.). Pinnotherelia loevigata MitnzE Epwarps and Lucas, in d’Orbigny’s Voy. VAmér, Mérid., vol. 9 (atlas), 1847, pl. 11, figs. 1-le. ‘ Diagnosis—Carapace transversely oblong. Eyes far apart. Palp of outer maxilliped with all three joints large, end to end. Sternum flat, forming an acute angle with dorsal plane. Chelipeds heavy. Second leg longest. Description.—Carapace subquadrilateral with the corners rounded off, a little wider at anterior than at posterior angles; hard and smooth, a longitudinal groove each side of the cardiac region, a shallow groove behind the gastric region; flat except in its anterior portion, which is strongly bent down; front two-fifths as wide as carapace, slightly arcuate in dorsal view, true edge seen only in front view, and transverse except at middle; posterior margin bent down, concave; lateral margin acute. Chelipeds and legs smooth without teeth or roughness of any kind. Outer surface of wrist rounded, palm inflated, upper and lower margins convex, distal margin very oblique; fingers similar, narrowly gaping, tips pointed, thumb shorter, horizontal. Legs thick, flattened, margins of merus subpar- allel, merus and propodus thickly hairy below, dactyli moderately curved: second leg longest, first next, then third and fourth. Measurements —Male (2485) length of carapace 10.7, width of same 12.7 mm. Habitat—Cast shells were found at Callao on rocks of inner side of natural dyke of rubble separating lagoon at mouth of river from ocean. Range—Peru and Chile; Porto Arenas, Patagonian Canal (Cano) ; Marquesas Island, south mid-Pacific Ocean. 182 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Material examined.— Callao, Peru; R. E. Coker; received from Peruvian Government; 17 males (40445). San Lorenzo Island, Peru; U. S. Exploring Expedition; 4 males, 2 females (2435).. While there is some doubt as to the origin of these specimens, the label is probably correct. Not recorded by Dana. Tawhoe, Marquesas Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. N.; 1 male (17951). i Fie. 115.—PINNOTHERELIA LAEVIGATA, MALE HOLOTYPE. @, DORSAL VIEW, X #2; 0, AN- TENNAL AND BUCCAL REGIONS; C, FIRST MAXILLIPED; d@, OUTER MAXILLIPED; €, SECOND MAXILLIPED; f, EXTREMITY OF A LEG; 0-f ARE ENLARGED. (AFTER MILNE EDWARDS AND LUCAS.) Family CYMOPOLIIDAE Faxon. Cymopoliidae Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 38. Palicae Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9, 1898, pp. 56 [3] and 58 [5]. Palicidae Atcockx, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, 1899, pp. 285 and 450.—RATHBUN, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 12.—Borrapaitz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, p. 482. Carapace broadly transverse, subquadrilateral; antero-lateral mar- gins dentate. Fronto-orbital width great, front dentate. Orbits and eyes large. Buccal cavity quadrate; outer maxillipeds not cover- ing it; ischium strongly produced forward on the inner side; merus small, subtriangular, with a notch on the inner distal side for the articulation of the palpus. Afferent channels to branchiae opening at bases of chelipeds; efferent channels at antero-external angles of buccal cavity. Chelipeds of moderate size, often unequal in male; usually tubercu- late or granulate. Next three pairs of feet long, slender, and rough. Last pair either very short and slender, subdorsal, smooth, or similar in position and ornament to the other feet, and near the size of the first foot. Abdomen of male much narrower than sternum. niall dll See THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 183 Pe This family contains three genera, only one of which is American. Faxon and Bouvier place this family near the Dorippids in the Oxystomata, while Alcock and Borradaile, whom I follow, range it among the Brachygnatha. Genus CYMOPOLIA Roux. Cymopolia Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, p. 77; type, C. caroniti Roux. Name not invalidated by Cymopolia Lamouroux, Hist. Pol. Coral. Flex., 1816, p. 292, for a genus of algae —AtLcocx, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 450.—RarHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 28, 1915, p. 180. Palicus Puiuipri, Zweiter Jahresber. d. Vereins f. Naturk. in Cassel, 1838, p. 11; type, P. granulatus Philippi=C. caroniti Roux.—RatTHBUN, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 165.—A. Mizner Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., vol. 27, 1902, p. 40. Carapace more or less depressed, broader than long, subquadrate, covered with granules and with symmetrical tubercles or rugosities that have a tendency to fall into transverse series. Front broadly triangular, horizontal, usually lobed or toothed. Antero-lateral borders of carapace straight or little curved; and either lobed or toothed. Orbits deep, the upper border cut into several teeth by two or three deep clefts; the lower border usually has two clefts. Eyes large, constricted in the middle and bearing two or more lobiform protuberances. Antennules nearly transverse, interantennular septum a narrow plate. Basal antennal joint enlarged, standing in orbital hiatus; flagellum well developed. Epistome sunken, not defined. Buccal cavity square; at its ante- . rior angles there is a lobe formed by a prolongation of the ptery- gostomian region, and overlapping to a variable extent the inner lobe of the orbit; the buccal or pterygostomian lobe is sometimes horizontal, sometimes bent down toward a vertical plane, and in some species is deflexed in the young and horizontal in the old. The external maxillipeds do not close the buccal cavity anteriorly and do not always meet in the middle; merus much smaller and narrower than ischium; antero-internal angle of ischium and antero-external angle of merus much produced; the palp articulates near middle of concave summit of obliquely placed merus. Chelipeds short, usually slender in female; in the adult male, the right one may be enlarged, sometimes to a great extent. The two middle pairs of legs are much the largest, second usually longer than third; first pair shorter and slenderer, but otherwise similar to the middle pairs, fourth pair weak, sometimes filiform, and elevated above third pair. 184 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Abdomen in both sexes consisting of 7 separate segments. In the female the genital openings are on the second segment of the sternum close to the suture between it and the first. Habitat—Taken on a variety of bottom—mud, sand, coral, rocks, broken shells, etc. The special use of the small, delicate, hind feet is not known. The carapaces are usually free from foreign substances: occasionally one bears an encrusting tube of a Serpulid. A very few instances of parasitism have been noted in the attachment of a Rhizocephalid to the abdomen. Distribution.—Atlantic coast of America from off the southern coast of New England to Cape Frio, Brazil; eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; Indo-Pacific from the western Indian Ocean to the Hawaiian Islands; Pacific coast of America from Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador. 4 to 298 fathoms. Characteristics of the American species—The genus is divided into several groups ranging from the typical one, with rather flat, squarish carapace, with large and usually thin antero-lateral teeth which seem to form an integral part of it, and with legs of moderate length (not over twice as long as width of carapace), to the group with very convex, swollen carapace, small, thick, tuberculiform or spiniform, distant, antero-lateral teeth which project outside the periphery of the carapace, and with long slender legs (ranging from twice to three and one-half times width of carapace). To the first or typical group (1) belong cristatipes, alternata, zonata, lucasii, faxoni, and afimis. 'To the second or convex, long-legged group (2) belong cursor, gracilis, floridana, gracilipes, and acutifrons. Between these extremes are various modifications as follows: 3. The group of rathbuni, bahamensis, and isthmia, which have small antero-lateral teeth, distant from each other, or from the orbit, or both; combined with a typical carapace and short legs; the three species agree in having the two frontal lobes very feebly subdivided. 4, Another small group allied to the typical one but with broad, projecting plates of abdomen and sternum which are conspicuous in dorsal view; this group includes sica, angusta, and depressa. 5. A group with convex carapace, prominent tubercles, approach- ing in aspect the most atypical group, but with short legs: dentata, obesa, tuberculata. 6. One long-legged form (fragilis) has a flatter carapace and larger, thinner, antero-lateral teeth than in the eursor group. ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT. Atlantic. Pacific. alternata. zonata. faroni. lucasii. obesa. tuberculata. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 185 KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CYMOPOLIA., A*. Length of second ambulatory leg not more than twice width of carapace. B*. Last sternal segment does not form a laminiform crest which is con- spicuous in dorsal view. C*. The merus of second and third ambulatory legs has at its supero- distal angle an obtuse lobe, more or less prominent, sometimes atrophied. D*. Carapace with four lateral teeth on each side (not counting extra- orbital tooth), diminishing in size from front to back. Ambulatory legs with 3 or 4 large teeth on anterior margin__cristatipes, p. 186. D’. Carapace with two lateral teeth on each side, sometimes with rudi- ments of a third farther back. Ambulatory legs without large teeth on anterior margin except the distal tooth. EK. Pterygostomian lobe reaching well beyond inner’ suborbital HO DC eee ee Fs ee ee ee aero rathbumi, p. 198. E’. Pterygostomian lobe not reaching beyond suborbital lobe. Fk’. Antero-lateral teeth near together, wider than intermediate sinus. G*. Antero-lateral teeth blunt_._________________ alternata, p. 188. G’. Antero-lateral teeth acute. H*. Outer margins of exorbital teeth converging anteriorly. Posterior margins of propodus and dactylus of first am- bulatory bare in mature male______________ zonata, p. 190. H’. Outer margins of exorbital teeth subparallel. _Posterior mar- gin of propodus and dactylus of first ambulatory clothed with shaggy hair in mature male___________ ajfinis, p. 196. FE’. Antero-lateral teeth distant, narrower than intermediate SST TA UE Seer ca ETD 9 Oe 1 5 Le bahamensis, p. 200. C*. The merus of second or second and third ambulatory legs has at its supero-distal angle a prominent lobe which ends in a sharp point. D*. Outer suborbital lobe strongly convex on anterior margin. Antero- lateral teeth blunt. E*. Last leg reaches end of merus of third leg. Two lateral teeth on IG EDIT ae Je Al (@ eo es emer eee te ee ee ee ee obesa, p. 205. E*. Last leg falls short of end of merus of third leg. Three lateral feetihnony Capa pacer seer: oerecn tl ees Be tae tuberculata, p. 207. D*. Cuter suborbital lobe truncate and nearly straight on anterior margin. Antero-lateral teeth acute. \*, Front quadridentate, teeth well separated. Antero-lateral teeth adjacent, sinus narrower than either tooth. EF’, Outer orbital tooth pointing straight ahead. Tubercles of carapace very distinct from the prominences which bear LN TY ies re ee ee dentata, p. 202. F*. Outer orbital tooth with tips turned inward. G. Lobe at supero-distal angle of merus of third leg CULO a ne er eee ee ee TEE NTO, RT AU EIR OO faxoni, p. 194. G’?. Lobe at supero-distal angle of merus of third leg obtuse. Posterior margin of propodus of first leg clothed with shageya hairpin mature; male 2. 8s lucasii, p. 198. E*?, Front bidentate, each tooth obscurely emarginate. Antero-lateral teeth distant, sinus as wide as tooth_____________ isthmia, p. 201. 186 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. B*, Last sternal segment forms a thin, laminiform crest conspicuous in dorsal view. Carapace with 3 lateral teeth, exclusive of orbital tooth. C*. Ridge above posterior margin of carapace one unbroken curve. Outer suborbital lobe with a margin slightly concave forward. depressa, p. 212, C?. Ridge above posterior margin sinuous. Outer suborbital lobe a low triangle. D*. Carapace wide, width 1.25-1.39 times length_____________ sica, p. 208. D*. Carapace narrow, width 1.14 times length___________ angusta, p. 210. A’. Length of second ambulatory leg more than twice width of carapace. B*. Outer suborbital lobe much less advanced than the ear-shaped prominence formed by the pterygostomian region at its anterior angle. Cc’. Outer suborbital lobe with margin concave forward. IDLH rontiquadrrdenta tee. ete ceed eis en eee eel fragilis, p. 213. Dy MEcootnaentate: <8 2s Nb eh eee gracilipes, p. 221, C*. Outer suborbital lobe in form of a triangle. D*. Outer suborbital lobe a low, obtuse triangle________ acutifrons, p. 223. D*. Outer suborbital lobe a produced, equilateral triangle. E*. One lateral tooth and one tubercle. Second leg 34 times as long as Width: Of carapace. 2 frie) ies aL AS gracilis, p. 218. E?, Three lateral teeth. Second leg 3 times as long as width of CATA ACE Lt Hae taster) Aes eae eae ees ea eee floridana, p. 220. B®. Outer suborbital lobe visible from above and almost as advanced as the pterygostomian lobe. One larger lateral tooth between two smaller lobesioridenticlese 2 + 220) yar aly. PE fe eee ia ee eee ee cursor, p. 215. CYMOPOLIA CRISTATIPES A. Milne Edwards. Cymopolia cristatipes A. Mri.NgE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 28 (type-locality, Grenada, 92 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 6494, M.C.Z.). Palicus cristatipes Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 93.—Bovvirr, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, vol. 9, 1898, p. 65 [12].— A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoo6l., vol. 27, 1902, p. 42, pl. 7, figs. 1-5. Diagnosis —Merus of ambulatory legs with three or four large teeth on anterior border. Carapace with four lateral teeth besides orbital. Suborbital margin oblique. Description —Five lateral teeth, including orbital, diminishing in size from anterior to posterior tooth; outer margin of orbital tooth very convex, an interval between that and next tooth, which is longi- tudinally truncate on distal half of posterior margin; third and fourth teeth subtriangular and subacute, last tooth rudimentary. Front divided by a deep emargination into two lobes, each of which is divided in two by a shallow sinus. Middle supra-orbital lobe broadly triangular, obtusely rounded at tip; outer lobe narrower, subacute. Regions of carapace well marked, tuberculate, the tuber- cles granulated; 12 tubercles in transverse row across cardiac and branchial regions, of which two tubercles are cardiac. Six transverse tubercles on posterior margin. eS Oe A THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 187 Infero-orbital border oblique and nearly straight, cut into two lobes by a narrow emargination, outer lobe one and one-half times as wide as inner; a denticle at inner end. DorsaL view, X 33; < 43 e€, ENDOGNATH OF a, LOTYPE, AFTER A. MILNE EDWARDS AND BOuvIER. VIEW OF ANTERIOR HALF OF BODY, X 8; d, ABDOMEN, < 83; ¢, VENTRAL x Th. b, FRONT, DORSAL VIEW, Fie. 116.—CyMOPOLIA CRISTATIPES, MALE HO LEBT OUTER MAXILLIPED, Chelipeds of male narrow and rather short. Ambulatory legs armed with three or four large teeth on anterior border of merus; the distal tooth is lamellate, obtuse, and truncate 188 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. in the third leg, projecting forward in the other two; upper surface rough with denticles which tend to form longitudinal rows making two elevated regions separated from each other and from the margins. by depressions; two lamellate lobes on anterior border of carpus, especially of second and third pairs. Last leg scarcely surpassing merus of preceding leg. Measurements (after Bouvier).—Male holotype, greatest length of carapace 9, width 10.5, length of left cheliped 10.5, first ambu- Jatory 11.5, second 18.5, third 16 mm. Material examined.—Offt Grenada, Windward Islands; lat. 11° 25’ 00’ N.; long. 62° 04’ 15’ W.; 96 (not 92) fathoms; Co. brk. Sh.;. temp. 58.5° F.; Feb. 27, 1879; station 253, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake; one male holotype (Cat. No. 6494, M. C. Z.). . CYMOPOLIA ALTERNATA (Rathbun). Plates 42 and 438. Palicus alternatus RatHBuN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washingten, vol. 11, 1897, p. 95 (type-locality, lat 29° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 85° 29’ 00’’ W., 26 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 19840, U. S. N. M.); Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 12 (part). Palicus Blakei A. MILNE HDWARDS and Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 5, 1889, p. 123 (type-locality, Gulf of Mexico) ; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, 1902, p. 48, pl. 8, figs. 18-16 (type-locality, lat. 24° 48’ N.; long. 83° 86’ W., 87 fathoms; holotype at present in Paris Mus.). Diagnosis—Two blunt lateral teeth. Sides of carapace conver- gent anteriorly. Propodus of legs two and three slightly widening distally; anterior distal lobe of merus subrectangular. Posterior margin of propodus and proximal half of dactylus of leg one clothed with shaggy hair in adult male. Description of typical specimens.—Klevations of carapace covered with small tubercles composed of a few granules and with single granules. Four frontal lobes well defined; median sinus an equi- lateral triangle, lateral sinuses. small but well marked, lateral teeth much less advanced than Fig. 117.—CYMOPOLIA ALTERNATA, OUT- median teeth and broadly round- Panaoy x Go he a a 80s Maddlestooth. of supraochitas margin broad, obliquely subtrun- cate, blunt, bounded on each side by a V-fissure very narrow toward the point; next tooth separated from the outer tooth of the orbit by a shallow sinus. Outer orbital tooth directed forward or a little out- ward, tip turned inward, outer margin mostly straight, sometimes a little concave. Next two antero-lateral teeth dentiform, with rounded tip, little projecting, second the smaller, sinuses small, V-form, after THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 189 second tooth a small tubercle or rudimentary tooth. Above posterior margin a thin, sinuous, elevated ridge, broken into a variable number of unequal transverse tubercles, with usually some granules inter- spersed. Suborbital margin oblique, its outer lobe nearly straight and separated from inner lobe by a small emargination; inner lobe bilobed, its inner angle produced in a small acute tooth beyond the triangular, pterygostomian lobe. There are two forms of the male. In the first or stronger, the chelipeds are very unequal, the right large and heavy, the left slender and weak; both are tuberculate and pubescent, the carpus has an outer laminate crest, its outer surface covered with irregular laminiform lobes, manus surmounted by a double crest of same; right manus very thick, its width at distal end may equal one-half length of carapace, immovable finger short and wide, dactylus strongly bent down, over- lapping the fixed finger and leaving a narrow gape; left manus little over one-third width of right, fingers long and narrow. In the second or weaker form of male, the right manus is about twice depth of left, its fingers long and slender. In the female the chelipeds are more nearly equal. Of the ambulatory legs, the first reaches middle of propodus of second, third reaches middle of dactylus of second; merus joints rough, with squamose tubercles, a longitudinal groove on anterior edge, two of same on upper surface, an obtuse tooth at distal end, which in the first leg is subtriangular and produced a little distally beyond segment, in second and third legs is subrectangular, either straight or a little convex above and reaching in second leg just to, or not quite to end of segment, and in third leg not reaching end of segment; anterior proximal lobe of carpus rounded, somewhat tri- angular, anterior subdistal lobe low and rounded on first leg, tri- angular in second and third legs, posterior distal tooth inconspicu- ous; anterior margin of propodus convex, posterior straight; poste- rior margin of propodus and proximal half of dactylus of first leg clothed with shaggy hair in adult male. In the first form of the male the appendages of the first abdominal segment are stout and twisted, tip bilobed, inner lobe thinner and longer than outer; in the second form the ee are weaker and not twisted, tip less spreading. Except for the chelipeds and abdominal peat the two forms of the male agree. They may represent alternating generations, as in the crayfish of the genus Cambarus, or the weaker specimens may be simply immature. Variety—The species shows such great divergence from type that it seems almost possible to form a second species based on (@) the carapace being wider behind in proportion to its length, 1.15-1.24:1, instead of 1.09-1.21:1 in typical alternata, and the sides less parallel 190 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and more oblique; (%) lateral teeth of carapace subequal, second sometimes the larger and always pointing more outward than first, so that the sinus between the teeth is wider than in typical alternata, where the teeth are directed forward, the second always the smaller; (ce) antero-distal tooth of merus of second and third legs more pro- duced and slightly acutangular, though tip obtuse; (d) propodus of second leg longer and narrower than in typical, 1:3.9-4.75, while in typical, 1:3.27-4; (e) size larger. Variation—The characters ¢ and d are not stable, and as to 6, the teeth on opposite sides of the same specimen may be unlike. In some very small specimens of both sorts the pterygostomian lobe is less deflexed than in larger examples, and in consequence is more ad- vanced than the inner suborbital lobe, as in the type of P. blakez. There is also considerable variation in other particulars, such as relative width of frontal teeth and sinuses and details of lower margin of orbit. Measurements—Male holotype, greatest length of carapace 6.6, width of same 7.6, length of second ambulatory 14; largest typical female (15281), greatest length of carapace 8, width of same 8.9; male, variety (49140), greatest length of carapace 11.9, width of same 14.3; largest female of variety (19854), greatest length of carapace 13.6, width of same 16.5 mm. Range.—Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; Gulf of Mexico, along the west coast of Florida from Cape San Blas to Key West; 4 to 60 fathoms. Material examined.—See page 191. CYMOPOLIA ZONATA Rathbun. Plate 44, fig. 3; plate 45, fig. 1. Cymopolia zonata RatTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 259 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 40 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 17484, U.S.N.M.). Palicus zonatus RATHBUN, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 94; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 600. Diagnosis —Middle supra-orbital lobe obliquely truncate. A row of seven linear tubercles above posterior margin. Lateral teeth not projecting beyond line of carapace. Description —Carapace rather wide, sides distinctly convergent an- teriorly; regions deeply separated, excepting the cardiac from the branchial; areolae granulate, depressions nearly smooth. Median sinus of front deep with end rounded, each lobe with a smaller emargination. Middle supra-orbital lobe quadrilateral, obliquely truncate, a narrow sinus either side; outer lobe of similar shape but rounded at inner angle and separated from the exorbital tooth by a 191 THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 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Edges of all the lateral teeth of carapace thin, straight, and in the same line; point of orbital tooth turned inward; three remaining teeth and rudiment of fourth, with interspaces small. Ridge above posterior mar- gin parallel to it and broken into seven long tubercles, the end ones continuous, with post- lateral margin. Outer suborbital lobe oblique, separated by a V-shaped sinus from inner lobe, which is more advanced and concave on mar- gin, forming two lobes, the inner one sharp- pointed. Pterygostomian lobe less advanced and bent in an oblique plane, its upper surface concave. Chelipeds very unequal in male, right the larger, its manus granulate, an interrupted ridge on upper margin of outer surface, and pr Fig. 118.—CYMOPOLIA ZONATA, OUTLINE OF FRONT AND ORBITS OF MALE (22071), X 6. below it a short ridge leading back from con- dyle of dactylus; fingers wide, gape small. Ambulatory legs rather short; merus joints thick, with serrated ridges; first merus with a prominent, narrow, rounded, distal tooth; sec- ond and third merus with a thin, almost right- angled tooth, not projecting distally; proximal lobe of carpus low and rounded; distal lobe of second and third legs subrectangular; anterior margin of propodus slightly curved. First four segments of male abdomen and penult segment of sternum (between legs of third pair) moderately cristate. Color.—Legs banded with dark and light. Measurements ——Male (22071), greatest length of carapace 12.6, width of same 15.4, width of second ambulatory 25.5 mm. Range—Gulf of California, 8 to 40 fathoms. Material examined.—See table. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 193 CYMOPOLIA LUCASII (Rathbun). Plate 44, figs. 1 and 2. Palicus lucasii Ratiubun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. G00, pl. 43, fig. 2 (type-locality, off Cape St. Lucas, 31 fathoms, Albutross station 2829; holotype, Cat. No. 21590, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Two acute lateral teeth. Posterior margin of pro- podus of first ambulatory clothed with shaggy hair in mature male, Dactyli of legs 2 and 3 with posterior margin sinuous. Lobe on merus of legs 1 and 2 acute, of leg 3 rounded. Description.—Shape of carapace similar to faxoni; granulated tubercles distinct, those on cardiac and intestinal region have a transverse crest; fine granulation of depressions rather regular. Fic. 119.—CrMmorobia LUCASII, MALE HOLOTYPE, DORSAL VIEW, X NEARLY 2, Four frontal lobes well marked, median pair extremely narrow, sep- arated by a deep and narrow triangular fissure which is rounded at the base; lateral fissures short, also rounded. The broad pre- orbital lobe which covers the eyestalk has a closed fissure, the outer piece of the lobe overlapping the inner and forming a slight ~ emargination on the anterior edge. Middle and outer lobes of supra- orbital margin subtriangular and blunt; middle lobe with inner edge slightly concave, outer slightly convex; outer lobe with nearly straight margins, the outer one about half as long as inner; exor- bital tooth broad, trending inward, outer margin more or less con- vex. Antero-lateral lobes 2, dentiform, subequal, acute, outer mar- gins convex, inner straight or a little concave, sinuses forming a small U; a third tooth is very small but dentiform. Lower margin of orbit oblique, the inner lobe slightly in advance of the line of the 65863—17——13 194 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. outer, which is a little convex; outer lobe with rounded outer corner and a short inner spine. Pterygostomian lobe in an oblique plane, broadly triangular, acute, concealing little of orbital lobe. Right cheliped very heavy, palm nearly as wide as superior length, granules of outer surface chiefly in two longitudinal bands, one through the center and one near lower margin. Ambulatory legs very wide; merus joints strongly cristate, one crest through middle of upper surface; distal lobe of legs 1 and 2 triangular, sharp-pointed, of third leg shorter, end rounded; lobes of carpus well developed, the distal lobe blunt in first leg, acute in first and second; propodus of leg 1 with a shaggy coat of hair along posterior border in male only; propodus of 2 and 3 very wide and widening distally; dactylus wide and with sinuous posterior margin. Measurements.—Male holotype, greatest length of carapace 13.5, width of same 15.7, length of second leg 25.7 mm. Range.—Lower California, Mexico: off Cape St. Lucas. Material examined.—Off Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; lati- tude 22° 52’ 00’’ N.; longitude 109° 55’ 00’ W.; 31 fathoms; rky.; temp. 74.1°; May 1, 1888; station 2829, Albatross; 3 males (1 is liolotype), 4 females (21590). CYMOPOLIA FAXONI (Rathbun). Plate 45, figs. 2 and 3. Palicus faroni Ratasun, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 96 (type-locality, off Cape Hatteras, Albatross station 2596; holotype, Cat. No. 19841, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis—Two acute lateral teeth. Merus of legs 1-3, with a large, flat, acute, distal spine. Tip of pterygostomian lobe sharp. Description—Carapace shaped as in the varietal form of alter- nata—that is, with the sides distinctly converging anteriorly; cara- pace of adult female very con- vex, surface hairy and with numerous tubercles and gran- . wles; the granules of depres- Zyl) sions are smaller and more i abundant than in alternata. Fic. 120.—-CyMOPoLIA FAXONI, OUTLINE OF Four lobes of front well FRONT AND ORBITS OF FEMALE HOLOTYPE, ° x 6. marked, outer pair not much wider than inner, median emargination deeper than wide, its end rounded, lateral emargina- tions shallow. Middle and outer teeth of supraorbital margin tri- angular, subacute, middle one equilateral, outer one narrow and sepa- rated from outer tooth of orbit by a shallower sinus; this last THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 195 tooth is directed forward, with the tip bent NNN ‘ ie : S OSS inward, its outer margin is mostly straight. a eeere ’ 5 > 3 Bane Lateral teeth of carapace 2, similar, second a 8 aesoss ’ ? | ao . . ° SSSe little smaller, both sharp-pointed, and with ( er aie convex outer and concave inner margin. g B: me Lower margin of orbit oblique, line of in- = ™ Or. Or . 3 Bae ner lobe in advance of that of outer lobe, a R ° . ° a gene outer Icbe slightly convex, inner lobe bi- = ? eve: lobed, outer portion rounded, inner portion sibede a small acute tooth; inner lobe little obscured 3 Bos by the pterygostomian lobe, which is some- 3 Stee a 4 ° Bess what bent down and is triangular with a fo . . ° eine sharp tip, reaching just as far forward as Speak inner angle of orbit. oe Chelipeds in both sexes little unequal, right : be ae manus about twice as wide as left. & | 8 paths Ambulatory legs short and broad, a similar = A x ‘ ‘ 5 ’ ’ e Sia triangular, sharp anterior tooth on the merus 3 és ‘Bit joints, the first one narrowest, the third lower S 5 *: i: |. than the second; posterior distal tooth of & eshte 3 merus sharp; lobes of carpus prominent, the = :iti|§ distal one of second and third legs acute; eri eee ace: Belg :::: 18 propodus of those legs widening greatly from s : oe 3 . . . . . ° 2/3 ::i:! | proximal to distal end; dactyli wide, posterior — so ~ . . & “gi: |g Margin sinuous. es ae = Affinity——On the whole, this species ap- 3s i 4 So proaches nearest Cymopolia affinis, which has ei ‘ similar teeth on the carapace, but has not the ~ Ne e s |e 2SS i: large flat, triangular teeth of the merus of ee the legs g : » LESS, ° Sig ° aaa sid Measurements.—Male (station xxx, Plake : 9 y y | 288): greatest length of carapace 9.5, width of same 3 | ~S8:: 10 mm.; female holotype, greatest length of A ee 7 oN: carapace 9.5, width of same 10.7, length of a second leg 18 mm.; female (Yucatan Bank), a rreatest length of carapace 15.4, width of same italia = 3 a oe 17.3 mm. isin sad Range-—Off Cape Hatteras, North Caro- Pain ois. 3! lina; off Yucatan, Mexico; off Cape Frio, E ae . 3 Ag 3 Brazil (?). os wo «f Ea a Depth, 35 (2); 49 to 51 fathoms. POS ? Baee Material examined—See table. ea acs & i CaO 196 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CYMOPOLIA AFFINIS (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Plate 46; plate 47, fig. 3. Cymopolia dentata A. Mttnge Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél, vol. 8, 18S0, p. 2S (part: specimen from Santa Cruz). Palicus afinis A. MitNe Epwarps and Bovuvrer, Bull. Mus. Iist. Nat., Paris, vol. 5, 1899, p. 122, “la mer des Antilles”; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zovl., vol. 27, 1902, p. 46, pl. 7, figs. G—11; pl. S. figs. 1-2 (type-locality, Santa Cruz, 115 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 6493, M.C.Z.). Palicus ayassizi A. Mitne Epwarps and Bovvier, Bull. Mus, Tist. Nat., aris, vol. 5, 1899, p. 124, “la mer des Antilles”; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, 1902, p. 47, expl. of pl. 8, figs. 5-12 (type-locality, Barba- dos, GD fathoms; holotype, Cat. No, 6507, M. C. Z.). Palicus agassizii A. MILnNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. 27, 1902, pl. 8, figs. 5-12. Palicus altcrnatus Ratibun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 12 (part: male specimen from St. Thomas). Diagnosis —Two acute lateral teeth. Posterior margin of propodus and dactylus of first ambulatory clothed with shaggy hair in mature male. Dactyli of legs 2 and 3 with posterior margin sinuous. Lobe on merus of legs 2 and 3 obtuse. Description —Near C. alternata. Carapace covered with tubercles and granules and short hairs. Median sinus of front a deep, narrow V. Middle and outer supra - orbital lobes subtriangular, blunt, the middle one larger, trending in- ; r ' ward; outer orbital Fie ac CeNacae A APPIN Oo NROTOPMON ASD) toothy ainelidadl a ward and forward, outer margin more or less convex, tip pointed. Two long, outstand- ing, triangular, lateral teeth, hooked forward and sharp, and fol- lowed by a rudimentary tooth. Ridge above posterior margin convex, irregular, composed of transverse, irregular tubercles. Sub- orbital border oblique, denticulate, inner lobe bilobed, the inner angle sharp and farther advanced than the pterygostomian lobe; this is inclined downward and forward and terminates in a subtriangular lobe with a tooth on inner slope. Outer surface of larger manus covered with very fine, equal gran- ules. Ambulatory legs with broad but not prominent lobes on an- terior margin of carpus, a larger postero-distal tooth than in alter- nata, margins of propodus nearly parallel, posterior margins of dactylus sinuous; distal lobe of first merus long, narrow, either acute or obtuse, of second and third merus, broad, triangular and obtuse; posterior margin of propodus and dactylus of first leg of mature ‘ males, clothed with a shaggy coat of coarse, soft hair. Length of sixth segment of male abdomen more than half its width. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 197 Catalogue No. 49141. 49196. 49142. 49048. 21515. eoccoes Specimens. Qe ccinecice M. Giscasacens sc 19 elekact 9| Fish Ilawk..... 182) BERG caeace a sO caeecne Collector. John Lb. Uender-| 3 f........--- Fish Ilawk ..... Sta. 7123 a 227s 8 Holotype of P. agassizi (not male). 79 1899 | 60 1879 187 Date. 1901 Apt. 2, Feb. 6, Jan. 5, Mar. 6, ore 66 25. F. 65 68 Temp. eelsccccose Bottom. Syicee cere 69 | Co. Sh.... 2 Not 298. 30 GUE see cees anlar 25 |.. 20-23'| Co........ 28 117 | R.brk. Sh. Fath, Matcrial cramincd of Cymopolia afinis. 54 20 W. 59 37 40 83 10 00 W. 64 | Position. 55 N 13 O04 50 secee 26 33 OON. 17 37 Sail Rock W. x N.4N.,6m... sec ccescccsescs woces 1 Holotype of P. affinis. ee cccesecescesccss Locality. . Do Western Dry Rocks, Key West, Florida.|.. Off Frederickstadt, St. Croix........ Off St. Thomas, West Indics........--.. Off Barbados.... Off Charlotte Marbor, Florida... Off Miami, Florida. Variations—Large male (24515) more hairy than other specimens, Middle supraorbital lobe varying from subtruncate in large specimens through obtuse subtriangular in me- dium specimens to acute subtriangular in the smallest specimen. While the outer margin of outer orbital lobe is always convex, it may sometimes be partially straight or even a little con- cave. The tooth on merus of legs 2 and 3, although usually obtuse, is acute on right side only of a single specimen. The anterior distal lobe of carpus of the same leg varies in acuteness. Color—Yrom a newly preserved specimen. Ambulatory legs banded with reddish orange-brown on a yel- lowish ground; third leg faintly banded, mostly yellowish. Carapace dull light brown mottled with orange brown. Chelipeds same uniform color as leg bands. Measurements—Male (24515), greatest length of carapace 12.7, width of same 14.8, length of second leg 24.4 mm.; female (49142), greatest length of carapace 9.9, width of same 11 mm. PRange.—Charlotte Harbor to Mi- ami, Florida; St. Thomas; St. Croix; Barbados. 20-117 fathoms. Material cxamined.—Sec table. Remarks.—I think that the type of agassizi is a young specimen of affinis; compare, for example, Edwards and Bouvier’s plate 8, figure 10, with the same leg on figure 1; in their plate 7, ficure 6, the projection at inner angle of orbit appears exaggerated, while in plate 8, figure 6, the edge of the pterygostomian lobe is truncated be- cause bent down away from the hori- zontal, 198 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CYMOPOLIA RATHBUNI (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Plate 48, figs. 1 and 2. Palicus rathbuni A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 5, 1899, p. 125, “la mer des Antilles”; Mem. Mus. Comp, Zo0l., vol. 27, 1902, p. 50, pl. 9, figs. 1-7 (type-locality, Barbados, 71 fathoms; Cat. No. 6508, M.C.Z.). Palicus alternatus RaruBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 12 (part: female specimen from St. Thomas). Diagnosis —Ambulatory legs of second pair twice as long as width of carapace. Lobes on anterior margin of carpus of ambulatory Jegs obsolescent. Lateral emarginations of front minute. Outer suborbital lobe subtruncate, far back and exceeded by pterygos- tomian lobe and by lobe of exognath. Description —Carapace with areolations not sharply defined, orna- mented with large granules and granulated tubercles, and devoid of hairs. The largest tubercles are four across cardiac region. Median emargination of front much wider than deep; lateral emarginations feeble, V-shaped. Middle lobe of supra-orbital margin subtriangu- lar, obtuse, outer margin convex; next lobe narrower, inner margin convex, outer margin partially overlapping outer orbital tooth. This last is directed obliquely outward and forward with the tip obtuse and turned inward. Remaining teeth of lateral margin two in number, well separated, blunt, the first the larger, its anterior margin nearly straight and transverse, posterior margin oblique and convex; anterior margin of second tooth concave and transverse, poste- rior margin longitudinally oblique and straight; margin behind teeth crenulate. Posterior margin ornamented with a convex and slightly sinuous row of tubercles, two long ones, separated by two short ones and followed on either side by two of medium length. Outer lobe of suborbital margin transverse, truncate, slightly convex, far back, as is also the oblique inner lobe which is almost completely hidden by the pterygostomian Icbe, which has a broadly rounded ex- tremity, and by the lobe of the exognath. First movable segment of antenna strongly widened distally. Chelae of female slender, feeble. Ambulatory legs long and slender, lobes of carpus almost obsolete, margins of propodus nearly parallel, the segment widening very little in distal half; merus of first leg with a large triangular distal tooth, merus of second and third legs with an inconspicuous, blunt, distal tooth or lobe, surface sparingly granulate; dactyli long and narrow, almost wholly concave on posterior margin. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 199 Abdomen of mature female rather narrow, exposing a considerable part of the sternum; first four segments with transverse prominences. Fifth segment of sternum laminate and slightly visible in dorsal view. Fie. 122.—-~ CyMoroLia RATHBUNI, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, AFTER A. MILNE EDWARDS AND Bouvier. a, RIGHT OCULO-ANTENNAL REGION, VENTRAL VIEW, X 20; D, RIGHT ANTERO- LATERAL PORTION OF CARAPACE, DORSAL VIEW, X 14; c, SECOND LEFT LEG, UPVER FACE, < 113; d, MERUS AND CARI'US OF THIRD RIGHT LEG, UPPER WACE, K 1143 ¢, FIRST LEFT LEG, LOWER FACE, X 113; f, RIGHT LAST LEG, X 113; g, POSTERIOR BORDER OF CALA- PACE, X 14. Measurements (after Bouvier).—Female holotype, greatest length of carapace 5; width of same, 6.2; length of second ambulatory leg, 12.4 mm. Range.—Off St. Thomas and Barbados, 7 to 23 fathoms. 200 Specimens. Cat. No. Collector. Material cramincd of Cymopolia rathbuni. Station. Dato. Bottom. Temp. Fathoms. Position. Locality. BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. --| 1 9 immature.| 49191. 6079 | Fish Tawk.. 25.8| Feb. 6,1399 °C T(Moudh)s|cCOss. Dre SH. sconces. oe . 90293))| (COzs zee5 Z ii ad terior distal angle; granules of upper ics Ny eee surface small, depressed; lobes of carpus = tans Sa prominent; propodus broad, not increas- : ei en ee ing much distally; posterior margin of 8 B dactylus strongly sinuous. : g S ls E Color.—Y ellowish-rose in alcohol. = il Pees greta Measurements.—Male type, greatest Sc Sa ia length of carapace 13, width of same = eeetee ee ae Fe i astern eee ie Range—Y¥rom Charlotte Harbor, 3 ce a Florida, to Barbados. 15 to 76 fathoms. 3 23 a : Material examined.—See table. 2 = Affinity.—Near C. obesa, but carapace less convex, its tubercles very distinct from the elevations which bear them; the two divisions of each frontal lobe more developed and more deeply sepa- rated; outer angle of preorbital lobe dentiform; lateral teeth larger and more hooked forward; ridge above posterior margin formed of linear instead of swollen tubercles; merus and carpus of ambulatory legs shorter and_ broader, lobes of carpus better developed. Doss Locality. Off Charlotte Harbor, Florida........-. Oi! Sand Key, Florida...........20.0.cs0-0 OJP NEDAdOSe ces coc's os THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 205 CYMOPOLIA OBESA A. Milne Edwards. Tate 49. Cymopolia obcsa A. MILNE Epwanps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoil., vol. 8, 18S0, p. 27 (type-locality, lat. 23° 13’ N.; long. 89° 16’ W., S4 fathoms; holotype, immature female, not male, Cat. No. 6491, M.C.Z.). Palicus obesus A. Mttne Epwarvs and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoil., vol. 27, 1902, p. 51, pl. 9, figs. S—14. Diagnosis—Carapace very convex, branchial regions laterally expanded. Granulation of carapace coarser between than upon MELEE: Fic. 125.—CYsOroLiaA OBESA, IMMATURE FEMALE (NOT MALE) NOLOTYIE, AFTER A. MILNE EpwankbDs AND Bouvier. a, Dorsab view, X 38 AnocT; b, ENDOGNATH OF RIGIIT OUTER MAXILLIVED, X G3; ¢, FIRST LEFT LEG, UPPER SIDE, X 5; d, LAST LEFT LEG, X 5} ¢, LEFT FRONTAL AND ORBITAL BORDER, FROM ABOVE, X Th; f, LEFT OCULO-ANTENNAL REGION, VENTRAL VIEW, X 73. tubercles. Tubercles above posterior margin convex, protuberant. Outer suborbital lobe very convex. Lobes of carpus of ambulatory legs little developed. Description.—Carapace very convex, antero-lateral margins very oblique, surface covered with very definite tubercles having a granula- tion much finer than that on remainder of carapace. Median sinus of 206 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. front deep and narrow behind, lateral orbital hood without tooth at outer angle. sinuses shallow, broadly -shaped. Pre- Teeth of supraorbital margin triangular, blunt, outer sinus somewhat shallower than the others. Outer orbital tooth very narrow, straight or a little convex, blunt, pointing straight forward. Antero-lateral teeth two, distant, thick, blunt, posterior margin convex, anterior straight or a little concave. Posterior margin with six or eight tubercles, of which four are large and prominent. Outer lobe of suborbital margin very convex, inner lobe very ob- lique, slightly convex, inner angle an acute tooth; this lobe is a little more than half concealed in ventral view by the large blunt-pointed pterygostomian tooth, which is slightly deflexed and is much more sine advanced than the lower margin of the pRB evn orbit. hi Chelipeds of male weak, the left manus two-thirds as high as the right, dactylus as long as upper margin of palm. Merus of ambulatory legs narrow, an- gular, with three anterior carinae, upper surface scantily granulous, distal spine narrow, sharp, produced beyond the seg- ment; anterior lobes of carpus feebly de- veloped; propodus and dactylus of second and third legs wide, posterior margin of dactylus sinuous. A transverse ridge on each of segments 1-G of the male abdomen, that on sixth | Sika is segment arched forward. | ee Measurements.—Male (17894), greatest length of carapace (approx.) 12.5, width of same 15.1, length of second leg 27 mm.; female, thin shell (Blake), greatest length of carapace 17.8, width of same 20.6 mm. Range-Gulf of Mexico, 13 to 88 fathoms. Material examined.—See table. Cat. No ; Specimens, I Paris Mus. 17894 -| 17895. immature.| 3008, M.C. Z. 1 9 immature!) 6491, M.C. Z. ; ) . : | WAS x cane marl tlh erarecs eee “I\Llge. 9 2...... Collector tO aGaiscss 2378 | Albatross ...... 36 | Blake 2 Thin shell. 2403 |.... 1877-78 ...| Feb. 11,1885 ..| Mar. 15,1885 ° gy. M.........--- sees BB ey Mic acteme tects sine |elomae aime 60 68 1a Aeeminereies 4 Material cramined of Cymopolia obesa. 1 Type figured by Milne Edwards and Bouvier. -| 23 13 00] 89 16 00 ° ....| 29 14 30] 88 09 30| .....| 28 42 30] 85 29 00 Locality. South of Cape San Blas, Florida. North part of Yucatan Bank.... Off Delta, Mississippi River .. West coast of Florida........... THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 207 CYMOPOLIA TUBERCULATA Faxon. Cymopolia tuberculata Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 161 (type-locality, station 8255, Albatross, 182 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No, 4504, M.C.Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. ZoUl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 38, pl. 6, figs. 3, 3d. Diagnosis.—Carapace very convex, branchial regions laterally ex- panded. Granulation of carapace finer between than upon tubercles. Tubercles above posterior margin convex, protuber- ant. Outer subor- bital lobe very con- vex. Lobes of car- pus of ambulatory legs little developed. Description.—Al- lied to C. obesa. Carapace wider across branchial re- gions; granulation of surface finer be- tween than upon tubercles while the reverse is true in obesa,; median sinus of front more rounded at base; outer orbital lobes trending a little more inward; three antero-lateral teeth after the orbital, instead of two; in obesa a rudimen- tary tooth or tuber- Fig, 126.— CyMOPrOLIA TUBERCULATA, MALE, X 1%, AFTER cle may be present Faxon. @, DORSAL VIEW; 0, VENTRAL VIEW. or absent after the second tooth; chelipeds equal; ambulatory legs slenderer than in obesa, especially as to propodal segments. Color—Ambulatories crossed by transverse bands of red, three of which cross the merus. Measurements —Male holotype, greatest length of carapace 13, width of same 18, length of second leg 34 mm. Type-locality—Bay of Panama; lat. 7° 12’ 20’ N.; long. 80° 55’ 00’ W.; 182 fath.; bk. G. Sh.; temp. 54.1° F.; Feb. 23, 1891; station 3355, Albatross; 4 males, 1 female (4504, M. C. Z.). 208 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CYMOPOLIA SICA A. Milne Edwards. Plate 40, figs. 3 and 4. Cymopolia sica A. Mirxe Epwanps, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZoGl., vol. 8, 18S0, p. 29 (part), (type-localities, Sand Key, Yucatan Bank, Santa Cruz, Dominique, Grenade, Barbades; 56 to 138 fathoms). Palicus sica Raturun, Troe. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 97 (Dominique eliminated from type-localities) ; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm,, vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901). p. 13.—Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philom, Paris, ser. §, vol. 9, 1S9S. p. GS [12]. Palicus sieus A. Minxe Epwarps and Bouvtrer, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 27, 1902, p. 56, pl. 10, figs. 7-11; pl. 11, fig. 9 (type specified, male, Barbados, 82 fathoms, station 203 (by error, 243), Blake; holotype in Paris Mus.). Diagnosis—Abdomen and sternum showing prominent laminae behind carapace in dorsal view. Three subequal antero-lateral teeth. Inner suborbital lobe trilobed, inner sinus large. Carapace one- fourth to one-third wider than long; a sinuous posterior line of tubercles. Description—Carapace rather evenly but not strikingly convex, regions not deeply marked, granules of different sizes, sometimes clustered to form tubercles. Front very broad, not prominent, median teeth small, tuberculiform, median sinus a narrow V, lateral sinuses a little wider, shallow, rounded, lateral lobes shallow, rounded. Middle supra-orbital lobe broad, truncate, followed by a sinus rounded at base; outer lobe narrower, lobiform, separated by a shallow V-sinus from outer orbital tooth; this last is blunt and directed forward. Antero-lateral teeth three, small, distant, first tooth remote from orbit and from the second which is nearer the third. Above posterior margin a very sinuous line of tubercles. Lower margin of orbit very oblique, divided by a wide V into two lobes, the outer straight and rightangled, its inner margin concave, inner lobe with three marginal crenulations, inner angle subacute. Pterygostomian lobe very broad, bluntly obtusangled at tip, con- cealing in ventral view all but outer end of inner orbital lobe. Chelipeds feeble and equal in both sexes, slenderer in female than — in male. First leg very short and slender, merus little rough and with a small, obtuse distal tooth; second and third legs with merus coarsely spinulous, especially along anterior margins, antero-distal angle elmost rectangled, subacute; carpus very long and narrow, anterior lobes low; propodus sensibly widening distally; dactylus with posterior margin sinuous. The most striking feature of this species is the arrangement of abdominal and sternal plates behind the carapace; first three seg- ments of abdomen are carinated, the first carina has a shallow lobe THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 209 LAD 69 tp X a . . 9 X ‘gaIs mmz7In ‘MIA IV s. ws suod ‘anv ‘ANVS dO O3T LOM LSU £O Shanvo an S dO Sovdvuvo “q:g X ‘MBIA IVSu0d % ‘ “ee e By es ae | ‘eur. ew ne avy ‘po V Sova to X ‘FIV 40 NaMKOaTV GNY WoNnsIS “J {g X ‘agaITIINVIY NALAO ‘POEL X ‘MAFIA UAMNOT “ANVS 40 NOIDA IVNNSLNV-O1N00 Lupin “UdIAQDOGT GNV SGUVAGY ANY °V UBLAV ‘VIS VITOLOKAQI— LZ ‘Ol 14 69863—17—— 210 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. behind each corner of the carapace, the second carina forms a promi- nent mediaa lobe, while the third is invisible from above; the sternum has on either side, between the bases of the legs of the third pair, a wide plate which is prominent laterally and posteriorly. Abdomen of male wide, sides of third to fifth segments, inclusive, nearly straight. Color—Carapace light brown with a slightly bluish cast. Eye- stalks reddish-brown. Merus joints of ambulatory legs with occa- sional tubercles of salmon color, sides of carpus and upper edge of propodus with faint dashes of brownish or salmon. (Notes on newly preserved specimens.) Measurements.—Male (49149), greatest length of carapace 6, width of same 8.4, length of second leg 13.6 mm. Female (station 149, Blakey, wreatest length of carapace 9.8, width of same 13.5, length of second leg 23.4 mm. Range—¥rom Gulf of Mexico to Florida Keys and Windward Islands; 15 to 125 fathoms. Material examined.—See page 211. « CYMOPOLIA ANGUSTA (Rathbun). Cymopolia sica A. MILNE Epwanps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 29 (part: one specimen from Santa Cruz). Palicus angustus RatHBuNn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 97 (type-locality, off Santa Cruz, 117 fathoms, station 132 (not 32), Blake; holotype, Cat. No. 2930, M.C.Z.). Diagnosis.—Carapace narrow, one-seventh wider than long; a sinuous posterior line of tubercles; three subequal antero-lateral teeth. Abdomen and sternum showing prominent laminae behind carapace in dorsal view. Inner suborbital lobe trilobed; inner sinus small. Description.—Closely allied to C. sica, differs as follows: Carapace much narrower, ratio of length to width of carapace 1:1.14 as against 1:1.25 (smaller) to 1.39 (larger) in sica; sinuous line of tubercles above posterior margin less uneven; middle suborbital fissure narrower; ischium of maxilliped much wider; merus of second ieg short and very broad in middle; median portion of second ab- dominal plate less prominent. Mcasurements.—Holotype, greatest length of carapace 9, width of same 10.8 mm. Specimens examined.—Off St. Croix, West Indies; lat. 17° 37” 55” N.; long. 64° 54’ 20’ W.; 117 fathoms; R. brk. Sh.; temp. 65° I*.; Jan. 5, 1879; station 132, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake; 2 specimens, holo- type and paratype (2930, M. C. Z.). 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See Shear age cee al eee Le peerage DOERR AT ‘AON pues Jo COMSS, TSG SC ere leg penn ks tea aan anon Bie seen AIUE CE @ 8 | St 1% Fe \77777777777 77798044 AoM Yo ‘urvo01yg JINH ost 70 a ge en ee | pe es cata. ena Pee verre" Epo “qseA, Ady JO YyNog "OF UBF J stcaetese fatale gy yy esaincee | ctmeermiele aie aC) fe (ae patere| esereibielersieleseamiaieas ICY eect ecces sieieisierors Sate) | een eR DIO ‘SHOU Sag uloqsa, DO "LbU6R “(BIA0 8) & 91 Series ch OD tecag PIGOTT GY emer acer es|sereeesceeoreeer= CZI-cotl eceewce- cree sweeten teem nnanee s2S00n “CEOOF Sseee oe atAO sclee-s St ON > aeenlereoome a TOT siedetaela]e oie ie aie nee elclai smc (FE siewiela/ossiei suis} eimsle =erniviein | nie a'cin a «sie aieremine vsssides een see eo “uos SHODUO RT stance eae ae gem emtonats |r meee ee eiele wcin| eseinwiin sin tine ale aaioi| eres pam e | onec eee eee ee HO TEOnT “4504, AOE DO estes pape 9¢ 81—-LL8T Re OUG aI site cae NES 00:90. 685400; Sls 'Stiecer as or eee ore eo “FIG [eeeeceeeeteee “SNYY SHU, ‘ZO "W'I0S9 “SHV SIG, | ag Ou wee fi esoo- ano oe SL-LL8T SF oor album day yas lc 00 $0 88100 ce 2 |t°°°° yUC_ uezwon x Jo yred UIO4,ION "ZO W ‘9008 Serheaen) en OL ner, emer ghee ae i cefemmemeie | ine ct nies (RCA ge ne mete eee ese ad cla ake eh te eal) [tan eat Re ke ccoceccccccocccoer**BDIIO[.7T JO JSVOO ISO AL “ZO W ‘8262 aay a eet aes Bia i acck & y Mee eek dO! 81-LL8T coe eL SB ke teas ORE oo £¢ ¢8} 00 TE 182 \" Saal Fee ws OO nan 0 Jy BORLE [reettersreee Sw [oo esouequy | gore | Meet “SEcaeyE [eee AT | ge | OD Ge Sy] UE Bb 8B [777 OPIIOL ‘sera uLg ode) YO “a ‘ ° “o 4 ° THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, Fo%"0"% OO *O%O Aen Ss Stet ete "ON "300 *suouifoodg "207991109 | UOHITIG) «= “O78, ‘dmoz | “woyj0g ‘urea | “AL BOOT | “CN “3BT “AVICOO'T ‘pis Dyodowhg {0 paupuvrd 1D}.L9} 0] 212 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 CYMOPOLIA DEPRESSA (Rathbun). Cymopolia sica A. Mirne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1SS0, p. 29 (part: specimens from Blake stations 192, 272, 292, and some from 132 and 298). Palicus depressus RatTHRuN, Proce. Biol. Soe. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p, 9S (type-locality, off Dominica, 15S fathoms, station 192, Blake; Cat. No. 2701, M.C.Z.).—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoul., vol. 27, 1902, p. 5S, pl. 11, figs. 4—S. Diagnosis.—Carapace depressed; from one-fourth to one-third wider than long; a continuous, nontuberculous ridge above posterior Fie. 128.—Cymoronia DEPRESSA, YOUNG FEMATE (6505, M. C. Z.), AFTER A. MILNE Epwarps AND BOUVIER. a, LEFT OCULO-ANTENNAL REGION, VENTRAL VIEW, X 15 $ Bb, CARAPACE,' DORSAL VIEW, X 833 C, MERUS AND CARV'US OF SECOND RIGHT LEG, UPTER SIDE, X 11; d, ENDOGNAYTH OF LEFT OUTER MAXILLIVED, X 18; €, POSTERIOR BORDER OF CARAPACE, ENLARGED, margin; three thin, subequal, antero-lateral teeth. Abdomen and sternum showing prominent laminae behind carapace in dorsal view. Inner suborbital lobe trilobed; inner sinus small. Tooth on merus of ambulatories atrophied. Description—Distinguished from C. sica and C. angusta as fol- lows: Carapace about as wide as sica, more depressed than either; above the posterior margin a continuous ridge instead of a sinuous Jine of tubercles; inner suborbital fissure similar to that of angusta, the outer lobe appearing more transversely truncate, median portion of second abdominal plate less prominent than in the other specics; ischium of maxilliped wide as in angusta, but widening more to ischium of maxilliped wide as in angusta, but widening more to- 2In the process of reproduction, b has become proportionally wider than the original. 4 Material examined of Cymopolia depressa. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, ane J NN NN a ae aeteeNe: 2 6d aNd 3 Bata oS erie es fe oO a= mN19 Se=-2D SESE3 weTNe NS anterior aris ROMA eivter facie sie n ore ° Bibi tigre | FI cms — Pe o > +E lO o OS sieege a OrOon s, St NN ae aia . eo; a, 7@ Biiveiatehr ence A Spi sncelhs ee we) ce ig) ies S Byres hs ve = Bieta a4 oe > 2 eer niesiie =, 2 * 6 6 S° ~~ OOOO 2 See - Recess : Sees gs RmaNAN ~@ QR +o i~t~tw~ «te Men -wO . ree _ 2 Re vet eee: =} Waco” QA eiiatle as paket! ei Ea Eso ss Boa 3S a. . 6 & 2 2 ° Sees nines = S2Sn35 rae en cs Reestret iste ° By. ecw * Brig he 6 ES ey ag 5g ee c Si iM + Dette + o 72 oa A eae pie usiqQns REO :0 ~ 20 s SSeSe -_— are cd & = sy | ?&NSES - . Ons te - Bann 6 A | © 3e23S - 9SMON ° = lNNDad 4 2 hr ret ~~ Ox SC ro a min 23 9 “ 8 eet RESON IS sitchiebie ns Sev epiniten’s Say venesy cs Hab 10 ORO Softee sits Pe reaeyee Sf aatate ia a. tenet ae wlciictnaat s a Simale Shapieeter Sulsmtalen tie eae 8. |B tree aauas sa é See ni teiiane siete 2 aes: r= Seite cence Suara s 8 rae te i A vase pak (6 So teicel oxie Spee aes Sa KSS:: LO SE ae CEl:: -exzco ~~ ra MBI3AA St ooo § Figured by A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier. 1 Holotype. 213 ward the merus; merus of ambulatory legs with scarcely a trace of distal tooth; carpus with anterior lobes obsolescent. ‘The antero- lateral teeth are broader, thinner, and more acute than in sica; the areolations of the carapace are more sharply marked and the furrows between them almost smooth; intes- tinal region finely and evenly granulate, not irrecularly, as in sca. Measurements—F emale (station 293) greatest leneth of carapace 7, width of same 9.4, length of second leg 18.7 mm. Ratio of leneth to width varies from 1: 1.26 to 1.34. Range.—Lesser Antilles; 56 to 138 fathoms, Material examined.—See table. CYMOPOLIA FRAGILIS Rathbun. Plate 51, figs. 2 and 3. Cymopolia fragilis Natubun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 259 (type-localities, off Lower California, 58 and 71 fathoms, stations 2983 and 3011, Albatross; holotype, Cat. No. 17485, U.S.N.M.).—Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 40, pl. 6, figs. 4, 4a. Diagnosis —Four subequal antero-lateral teeth. Carapace half again as wide as long. First ambulatory not reaching beyond merus of second. Description.—Carapace very broad and not very convex, with four thin-edged antero- lateral teeth besides orbital tooth. Tubercles of carapace very well marked, high, trending forward, and definitely placed (see fig. 129). Intervening space scantily filled with small inconspicuous granules and short hairs. Two median frontal teeth rounded and separated by a triangular sinus with rounded base; lateral sinuses shallower, equally wide, ob- lique; lateral teeth triangular, subacute. Sinuses of supraorbital mzrgin triangular, the outer one rounded behind; middle tooth broad, obliquely truncate; next tooth nar- rower, rounded. Outer orbital teeth inclined forward and inward, outer margins convex. 214 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Antero-lateral margin serrated, the teeth with straight anterior and ~ curved posterior margins, teeth 1 to 3 trending forward, tooth 4 directed obliquely outward. Ridge above posterior margin broken into unequal, crenulated tubercles, formed in four scallops. a, DorsaL VIEW; 0b, VENTRAL VIEW. rh or reg ( ant AM i Ye) Ly a Nema ry ag Fie, 129.—CyMoproLia FRAGILIS, MALE, ENLARGED, AFTER FAxon. ee Chelipeds very slender, equal. Sinuses of suborbital margin V-shaped; outer lobe oblique, bilobed; inner lobe more deeply © bilobed, its outer angle more advanced than adjacent angle of outer © lobe, and equally advanced with the broad pterygostomian lobe. Z Cat. No. 4505, M.C.Z. 17485. 20620. -| 17486. Oaerie 9 ovig.. Angeneeees 1¢ 23 | 29512 fees 1 Specimens. | Sta- tion. 337 Date. 5, 1891 Mar. 55.8 | Feb. 28,1889 | 2983 57.9 | Mar. 23,1889 | 3011 62.2 | Feb. 28,1891 | 3369 ture. ans Tempera- eccceses|cocseesces Bottom. fne.gy.S.brk.Sh.. 52 | Nulliporerky..... gy.S.brk.Sh.....- 62) eee Fath- oms. 58 71 20 81 35 00 Long. W. ° ’ ” 118 15 45 111 39 45 86 55 ad -| 28 58 30 00 5 32 45 Material cxamined of Cymopolia fragilis. 59 40 28 07 | Lat. N. 3 i ecw cee eeercercccce Locality. TBC COSMISIATIC: sonics Site c cine arcise alee ce ciples nie ale wleit oinjaie.tie'='= Northwest of Cerros Island.......... Northwest of Guaymas.........-.c.0-s-eee-- eee eee ee eee Off Ecuador... THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, ZE5 First leg unusually short and slender, not reaching beyond end of merus of second; merus with two anterior crests, dactylus very slender, strongly curved; second and third legs over twice as long as width of carapace, merus joints narrowing in distal half, four prominent, longitudinal crests, anterior distal end forming a right or slightly obtuse angle; anterior lobes on carpus obsolete, propodus enlarging little distally, dactylus with sinu- ous posterior margin. Measurements—Male holotype, greatest length of carapace 8.5, width of same 12.2, length of second leg 25.5 mm. Range.—Lower California to Ecuador; 52 to 71 fathoms. Material excamined—See table. Remarks.—There is no Atlantic prototype of this species known. CYMOPOLIA CURSOR A. Milne Edwards. Plate 52, figs. 1 and 2. Cymopolia cursor A, MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus, Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 29 (type-locali- ties, Sand Key, Havane, St. Witts, Domi- nique, Barbades, 13S—245 fathoms).—SMITH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. G6, 1SS3, p. 21. Cymopolia dilatata A. Mitneé Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 28 (type- locality, St. Kitts, 208 fathoms; Cat. No. 6496, M. C. Z.). Palicus cursor RATHBUN, roc, Biol. Soc. Wash- ington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 95—A. MILNE Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 27, 1902, p. 64, pl. 12, figs. 6-13 (not 14),’ (female, Barbados, 204 [209] fathoms, Blake station 274, selecied as type; Cat. No. 6495, M.C.Z.). 1 Holotype. Diagnosis —Three lateral teeth. Second leg about three times as long as width of carapace. Suborbital lobes visible from above, inner one very narrow. Description——Carapace broad, very con- vex, ornamented with about 13 large round 1 At the bottom of pl. 12, for G—14, read 6—13; in expla- nation of pl. 12, for fig. 12, 13, 14, read fig. 11, 12, 13, respectively, eS eS ee - *§ X “AQIS BILHO ‘aAAITEHS Last “J $q XK ‘gars uaAdan “DAT TAIT LSUta AO SMauVO ANV sna “2 *g X ‘SQIS WHddn ‘OF LaIT GUIHL fO SOd1uvd aXv souaN ‘p {Gq X “UAaUOT IVUALVT GXV IVLNOUG 4O AIVH Laat ‘9 $g X “SMAIA TIVUINGA ‘NOINDAU IVNNALNY-O1N90 LHoIU ‘q $¥y X “AGIA IVSUOG “ “NDIADOG ANV SGUVAAWY ANU “V UILIV “AIVNGA ‘YOSUND VITOAONIO—OST “Ola 27 2s ; i De as vee . are ES "4 eae ff Tis , Utes hey ra ae latent 22S, 9 ee IF \ \ a \ Se —— arirt,, OS 2.4 =— dic. BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 216 THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, O17 tubercles and several small ones, and some granules near the tu- bercles; depressions in the main finely and sparingly granulate. Frontal teeth tuberculiform, of subequal width, sinuses U-form and of subequal width, but the median sinus much deeper. Outer angle of preorbital lobe much depressed; next 2 lobes short, broadly rounded, the outer one most advanced; sinuses V-shaped, the middle one narrower than the others. Outer lobes of orbits strongly inclined toward each other, outer margins convex. Antero-lateral teeth three, small, thick, of which one is hepatic and two branchial, the latter near together and the anterior of the pair the larger. Ridge above posterior margin straight, formed of six or more round tubercles, with granules intervening. Lobes of suborbital margin very promi- nent, visible in dorsal view; outer lobe very large and rounded, inner lobe very narrow, with blunt extremity; sinuses broadly V-shaped, Fie, 131.—CyYMOroLiA cursor, AFTER A. MILNE EDWARDS AND BOUVIER. @, DORSAL VIEW OF BODY OF FEMALE SHOWN IN Fic. 130, X 34; 0, SAME VIEW OF FEMALE (6196), TYPE OF C, DILATATA, X 4. the inner one rounded at base. Pterygostomian lobe large, rounded, a little constricted at base, covering all of the inner suborbital lobe except the tip, in ventral view. Chelipeds slender in both sexes. Of the ambulatory legs the second is very much longer and stronger than the third; the first reaches a little beyond end of merus of second, the third a little beyond the carpus of second, second about three times as long as width of carapace; merus joints long, slender, tapering to distal end, anterior margin concave, upper surface armed with sharp granules, most of which form four longitudinal rows, one on each margin and two above; carpus joints without anterior lobes; propodal joints with margins subparallel; posterior margin of dactylus slightly sinuous in second leg only. Abdomen of female with a crest on somites 1-5. Measurements—Female (7818) greatest length of carapace 8.3, width of same 12.2, length of second leg 35 mm. 218 Material cramined of Cymopolia cursor. CS) A ~~ 3 oO ni a ° E Yo Qe 2. nm cimenie 7p cet 8 eet fe Ne — fae . ° Sitio se ° oO S . Te Sy Oi Ze |e P40) Sey e = RSS UR YooSoOoCSSO 3 PUNSELVvsvsVvGT o HD TS EES. ta andes am ee tei ks SS as ae mE ecner) MS FQN Bic aa es nel ce 5 al SRNR pve itertale: Weak were met N =_ = d | $8 SBSSSSacccR > AN A wm e aps . e iD . . CBS Re ues ee tees sie co + 10H +0000 +00 0 E ae Soya ootiet om i" sit ° SS INS tSe 1S tts 2 Aa made a aa A erat ae peste ee ete ee Ss cg ao. S .&8eae+a: 3 eo o i asa . ‘ oar BS Se te A al Ser Tce ae lane : Sita wien te a) 8 er ce we se udcndpmistebatiie seals x) g oe CVD 09 G2 G 03 09 03 OO ie errs ae tts 7a ~~ Qo Oe vel Kay Srceu on A Mt Base & Sans aa ie ns. on sie), Ope AeA eS aa . aieule) pelt sk sci teipioiteltetas acts ie CT eee bette an ganetas : olan ts areae emt ats g ep Nee eRe as Sites epee ays Oe aide: Seale Mages Ss ohn ls aan ® oon to 3 akties Sabri aHen eas : ' OQ eeu o.,29On A WENNADROD, ‘'SOd0K +S “a . rs be ~ eo oo g | ssageeezeceaag 3 MSH NNANNRANNNANANS fy ; ~ OS semnmneoooscso z =~ MM ‘SOnTASOAANAM tb a ON (HOrOmrH MOO OCS a 1D (NTI TA TS TODO CD S DN AARARARH 4 © 2S CSL SSSSSSS3S3 ~ 19S sSeNONSOSSSSOMN 2 2°88 ‘SsSSRSseseea Z, : . ARRAN — a ~ ae SBRaSeSssses 4 © TD (ROM MM MIM MON OA ‘Aeet eta aan Sara Nat cee a Tape Tie PRN A Oy OED CATER Satie siya pt cettteaee tr trelmstmeMre! Uaftcal ge a deli oS: oy Oo. a: os eee ee Gee eS ae he amy . EASES Es, Fateh athe =i0r co athe Pade DA te CT ie Lae Meee ae cette 2 OSs Sioegopinity. ei setisiteh sis 8 BE scat ee ear ° PFLAG rer sis e QQ SEmQOD st et tes tm wee ie BL BROS Bigs te tenis a89 sus.2 .2O we eee SYS OB sad te we GQ aos ‘Sea a) wee Fog =| CARBS 399500000 | Scakbsnansanqaa | See Soe Ge nOOOond OO 3 Type of C. cursor. 1Type C. dilatata. - BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Variations.—Individuals differ in the prominence of the tu- bercles of the carapace, in the bluntness of the lateral teeth, and the distinctness of the lon- gitudinal arrangement of spines on the merus of legs. Range.—Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; from Gulf of Mexico to Florida Straits and Barbados; 107 to 290 fathoms. Material examined.—See table. CYMOPOLIA GRACILIS Smith. Plate 50; plate 51, fig. 1. Cymopelia gracilis Smitu, Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., vol. 6, 1883, p. 20 (type-locality, off Mar- thas Vineyard, Massachusetts, 142 fathoms, station 878, Fish Hawk; Cat. No. 18453, U.S.N.M.). Palicus gracilis RatHsun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol, 11, 1897, p. 95. Diagnosis—One lateral tooth. Second leg three and one-half times as long as width of cara- pace. Inner suborbital lobe spini- form, not visible from above. Description—Near C. cursor. Carapace more convex and ante- ro-lateral margins more oblique. Front narrower posteriorly, the upper margin of orbit, therefore, wider; frontal] teeth of outer pair shorter, the sinuses between them and the median teeth very shal- low. Upper sinuses of orbit U-shaped, the inner much the widest, the two teeth of subequal size, rounded. Only one antero- lateral tooth, and that on the branchial region, small and blunt; a tubercle on hepatic margin. Ridge above posterior margin more irregular and composed of fewer and smaller tubercles. The = Matcrial examined of Cymopolia gracilis. - 6 a 3 cists ° Mies : oO > oo > Nn a aw t~ uasiela i a eRNaCg ee ‘ a songs : g ceeded 6 oe sian ae : eo eer ie ° 2 ‘ m Oo = 1 . MESHES od shalteaie. tw = Chan coeteh Vel yell s:)fal ofa re eMail n Maly eresee nL Ae S Qiintseisliet i (ales : agedeOuia, ter‘jan 1a % eS I PLO MORO tia = oonrococo™ = oS aTTSUVUUT. 8 oO OMe al nae eee oS aay co) 6 ai veltee — Ried! Sasae SR set SB Ue che iene ; | SRERESSEs 8 gS WOmmanmmcio mw op AANAAAAK A co “ (om ox ao BR iS: 122 B A ee eK . K€ eo ° we ies i jos of = Sane SeenON viet i} ° oo SS ee FOO! «van A Bearski tke 2 ao ioS 33 & ° Mm ees se 5 i . : Anoon é a + teNssorna S g & «mmHorsrnors © ° ° c, & : ° Bae aT. i euee apteucete el eens ; Soret gisleleratel, ieeotnie : SR aaa eae aieeie tices a Sn es AS Se arene ne - eo Oe) Oe er gt 8 . Eg Sete aise aes 3 Petee ne were ni 2 PSS test ele ia. ey 3 Cex ofa 6 ° oS Z Ea ‘eeeene & peea prance ts Sela hh aap ssa bekereeceks wh : woeonroer~mwons 0 Ka Ls aN & = . | - geseseses Oo = THSRSSSSSE ‘i ° ~NetMeSoOM et NnoaseaaueH & 6 : 4 | - eeeeesescie oe | Aes! oecooeo e Waceee seer Ge Mw ° . Noe nw oO = | SSVSasrs gs A 0 SOAAMNMwONIS ae, FSERMAANANS | Makita vir am tele tks eae be: ahisihiee Ox By | MR ettees sive ne amie +O es oe . | ‘Ss oo . tom . . j ok eens . | ores ens cae ioe gears : | ‘ 7 ris . | OORES Meso hs . Riewe! oe ac mb ! ‘ 1a oo £ ruts es : = go: 1 : : , o »oe 8 5 (Bm + se By S Bi Bo i OS 4 Ue ee es ‘ eS 8 ores : rat ote Bee aa ys \ eee ated ash coer tes | attR . a o \ Bre Oss) oii 8 Eee ore Paabarn piven (come (Sey =) oe . °o.8 ss { SOogkooks 8 | ARASSRACK Oo | } Hs Hs & oS On ego “| THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 1 Holotype. 219 outer lobe of the suborbital margin is triangular and blunt, more advanced than outer angle of orbit but not con- spicuously so; the inner lobe is small, spiniform, acute, separated by a very wide, deep sinus from the outer tooth, and quite invisible except in front view, being hidden by the large pterygostomian lobe, which is nearly as advanced as the basal joint of the antenna; outer sinus of lower orbit triangular. The first lee reaches to end of merus of second, the third to end of carpus of second, second about three and one-half times as long as width of carapace; merus joints more cylindri- aes Fic. 132.—@yYMOPOLIA GRACILIS, OUTLINE OF FRONT AND ORBITS OF FEMALE (11411), X 6. cal than in cursor and with posterior margin almost unarmed except at distal end; carpal joints cylindrical, not flattened and angled. Crest of fifth abdominal segment of female obsolescent; first three seg- ments of male abdomen cristate; fifth seginent with side margins very ob- tusely angled. Measurements. — Female (9735), length of carapace 10.6, width of same 16, length of second leg 57 mm. Variations——In smaller specimens the lateral sinuses of the front are shallower, the longitudinal grooves which run back from the inner orbital sinus and meet the transverse gastro- cardiac groove are deeper, the few largest tubercles stand out more prominently than in larger specimens. 220 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Range—From off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, to off Curacao, via Gulf of Mexico; 100 to 280 fathoms. Material examined.—Sce table on page 219. CYMOPOLIA FLORIDANA, new species, Plate 41, figs. 3 and 4. Type-locality—Off Sand Key, Florida; 120 fathoms; J. B. Hen- derson, collector; one female holotype (Cat. No. 50362, U.S.N.M.). Diagnosis.—Three lateral teeth. Second leg three times as long as width of carapace. Inner suborbital tooth short, hidden by the lobe at the angle of the buccal cavity. Description—Near C. cursor and C. gracilis, but the carapace is more quadrate, the postero-lateral margins being more transverse and making less of an angle with the lateral margins. Tubercles and granules of carapace distinct from one another and acutely pointed; about 20 tubercles are large and are arranged as follows: 8 in a triangle on the mesogastric region; 2 cardiac, side by side; 1 intestinal; 4 in a row above the posterior margin; 5 on each branchial region, of which 4 form a rhomb near the center, and the fifth is near the cardiac region. Four acute teeth on frontal mar- gin; those of middle pair slender, separated by a deep, V-shaped sinus. Outer orbital tooth narrow, pointing nearly straight for- ward; outer angle of preorbital tooth a right angle; the two superior teeth of the orbit are subtriangular, the outer one the larger; inner sinus U-shaped, other sinuses V-shaped. Three antero-lateral teeth, small, sharp, rather spiniform, the hepatic tooth a little further from the next tooth than the branchial teeth are from each other. Outer suborbital tooth subtriangular, set off by large sinuses; inner angle of orbit produced obliquely inward in a small, acute tooth which is hidden by the large, lobiform, subacute, pterygostomian tooth. First peduncular segment of antenna armed with a slender spine nearly as advanced as the middle spines of the front. Legs slender. The propodus of the first leg reaches end of merus of second, the merus of second leg reaches a little past the middle of the propodus of the third. Second leg about three times as long as width of carapace. Merus joints of first three legs simiiar to. those of gracilis. Last leg less slender than in gracilis; a small tooth on the coxa is visible in dorsal view in line with the row of tubercles above posterior margin of carapace (see fig. 3, pl. 41). Measurements —Yemale holotype, length of carapace 5.2, width of same 6.6 mm. Range.—\Known only from the type-specimen. Affinities —In OQ. cursor and C. gracilis, the teeth and tubercles of the carapace are all blunter and rounder and the inner suborbital tooth is more advanced; in C. gracilis there is only one lateral tooth and the legs are longer. | F THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 221 CYMOPOLIA GRACILIPES A. Milne Edwards. Plate 52, figs. 3 and 4. Cymopolia gracilipcs A. MrrxeE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 18S0, p. 29 (type-localities, lat. 23° 13’ N.; long. S9° 16’ W., S4 fathoms; Montserrat, 298 fathoms; Grenade, 92 fathoms). Palicus gracilipes RatTHBuN, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 94.—A. Minne Epwarps and Botvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 27, 1902, p. 59, pl. 11, figs. 10-14 (type specified, female, lat. 23° 13’ N.; long. 89° 16’ W., 84 fathoms; Cat. No. G497, M. C. Z.). Diagnosis.—Lateral lobes of front not developed. One antero- lateral tooth. Second leg between two and one-half and three times width of carapace. Inner suborbital lobe prominent, bilobed. Two triangular prominences on third segment and one on fourth segment of male abdomen. Description.—Carapace very wide behind, ornamented with few but prominent tubercles; the most prominent are the two large car- diac tubercles, side by side, separated by a deep furrow, and a cluster of six or eight smaller tubercles on the posterior branchial area; sur- face minutely granulated. Fronto-orbital margin less prominent and less deeply cut than in any other species; median sinus equli- Jaterally triangular, median teeth tuberculiform, lateral lobes almost cbsolete. Preorbital lobe little developed, concealing but a small part of eyestalk. Supra-orbital lobes very shallow, rounded, inner twice as wide as outer, inner and middle sinuses V-shaped, outer sinus a shallow bay. Outer tooth of orbit very short, not reaching middle of cornea. Only one antero-lateral tooth and that on the branchial region just in front of widest part of carapace; tooth thick, obtuse, prominent; behind it a groove runs parallel to postero-lateral mar- gin. Outer lobe of suborbital margin shallow, triangular, blunt, separated from exorbital tooth by a broad, shallow sinus, and by a deeper sinus from the long inner lobe, which has a sinuous outer margin and at the extremity is divided into two subequal lobes, visible from above, the inner lobe more advanced and on a higher level. The rounded pterygostomian lobe does not conceal the extremity nor the outer portion of the inner orbital lobe. Chelipeds equal and slender in both sexes, nearly smooth; fingers more filiform than usual, crossing far behind the tips; dactylus much curved, exceeding the fixed finger, each armed distally on prehensile edge with a few, small, distant teeth. The first leg reaches beyond carpus of second, the third beyond propodus of second, the second is between two and one-half and three times width of carapace; legs without protuberances, merus joints strongly narrowed distally-and moderately roughened, pro- podal joints widening very slightly toward distal end, dactyli sinuous on posterior margin. | aa oes —, nd ae ao 26 o— pis i: coma = 0 Ss cs tri ’ BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Abdomen of male bears two compressed third segment, which are visible in dorsal view, and a tubercle on fourth segment. 222 "ES X “AIVI JO NaWoNAV °9 {OT XK ‘MATA NAMOT *NOIDAM IVNNGLNY 01090 Laat ‘p $g X “AQIS AIAN “DAT LAAT GNOOAS HO SHdUVD GNV SOUAN 69 {adOUVINA WOON “GadITIINVN UALNO LHOIM AHL AO "UDIADOG GNV SGUVANGT ANY “VY UdLaV ‘sadITIOVUD VITOUONAQO—ESL “OIA ULYN9OGNA ‘Q iG X ‘AdKLOION AIVNAA JO AGIA Ivsuog “Do 3 2 SSSry: x oe) : SS X \ 3 ® i a anne Pi yy oF SSS NS Measurements.—Male (11395), greatest length of carapace, 4.6; width of same, 7; length of second leg, 19 mm. Specimens. Cat. No. Date. Sta. Collector. Bottom. Temp. Matcrial cramined of Cymopolia gracilipes. Long. W | Fath. Lat. N. Locality. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, oo Range-—Yucatan Bank and the Ba- hamas to Grenada; 61 to 298 fathoms. Material examined.—Sec table. 6198, 6499, M. 2632, M. C. Z. Caz Paris Mus. N o za YY 2 = oo .| Paris Mus. CYMOPOLIA ACUTIFRONS A. Milne Edwards. Cymopolia acutifrons A, Mitne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 30 (type-locality, lat. 11° 49’ S.; Jong. 87° 10’ W., 15 fathoms, J/assler Iexped.; holotype, Cat. No. G506, M, CnZ-) aleluciets Ep Owes case .| Albatross...... G0sss.c88 "Ose se ceees do.. "149 | Blake......... Palicus acutifrons Rarueun. Proc. Blol. Soe. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 94.— A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem, Mus. Comp. Zo@l., vol. 27, 1902, p. 62, pl. 12, figs. 1-5. 36 | Blake.......-. 36 |.. 16, 1879 154 262 |.... 262 1, 1879 15, 1879 | se Obras Diagnosis—Carapace covered with numerous fine granules. Middle lobes of front with narrow elongate tips. One antero-lateral tooth. Inner suborbital tooth not exceeding pterygostomian lobe. Chelipeds tuberculous. Description of immature female.— Carapace everywhere covered with fine contiguous granules among which are some larger, more elevated granules. Like C. gracilipes, there is only one an- tero-lateral tooth, and in the same posi- tion but smaller. Median sinus of front deep, triangular, median lobes very nar- row or bluntly spiniform at extremity; at their outer base, a tubercle. Supra- orbital lobes small, triangular, separated by rounded sinuses. Outer lobe of orbit short, not reaching middle of cornea. Outer suborbital lobe low, broad, trian- gular, subacute, separated by a wide LER ee ape sinus from the exorbital lobe and by a wider, deeper sinus from the inner lobe, : which was probably inconspicuous (speci- : men damaged). Pterygostomian lobe wide, very prominent and doubtless visible in dorsal view. Eye remarkably large, the corneal part wider than long, the peduncle dorsally flattened. 49.5 | Jan. 62 Mar. 62 1|fne. S. brk. Sh. bk. Sp. 2ORs avalsee saeco 92} fne.S.... 200ns 84 Risa serene SaaS ices ates 61 925 cens 50 | 17°16 “40 |'62°°43 “48° |” 1 Female is type figured by A. Milne Edwards and Bouvicr, 1902. 23. 13 00] 89 16 00 23 13 00/ 89 16 00 16 41 10) 62 14 12 O1 45) 61 47 25 -| 12 O01 45] 61 47 25 | eoeeesececs Pec ecccesces @ccccccee escece part of Yucatan Bank......... Off St. Christopher... Off Montserrat............. Oi Granada 2. ccrscss cones 1D eye See Northorn Do Bahamas 224 BULLETIN 97, UNIIED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chelipeds small, 4 or 5 small tubercles on carpus, a linear row of three or four on upper border of palm; fingers strongly dentate. Second pair of ambulatory legs missing; merus of first and third pairs slender, cylindrical, spinulous on the anterior portion. Aeasurements.—Immature female, greatest length of carapace 6, width of same 9 mm. Material examined.—Off coast of Brazil, north of Bahia; lat. 11° 49’ S.; long. 37° 10’ W.; 15 fathoms; January 18, 1872; station 225, U.S.C.S. Str. Zassler; 1 immature female, holotype (6506, M. C. Z.). a Fic. 134.—CyYMOroLta ACUTIFRONS, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, AFTER A. MILNE Epwarbs AXD Locvier. a, RIGHT FRONTAL BORDER, X 15 (EDGE BETWEEN MEDIAN TEETH AND ORBIT RROKEN) ; b, RIGHT OUTER OKRITAL ANGLE AND ADJOINING TOOTH OF INFRA-OKLITAL BORDER, X 15; €, MEDIAN PART OF FRONTAL BORDER, X 20; d, LEFT PTEKYGOSTOMIAN LOBE AND CONTIGUOUS ANTENNAL PEDUNCLE, VENTRAL VIEW, X 15; €, RIGHT EYE, FROM ABOVE, X 15. Family GRAPSIDAE Dana. Grapsoidiens MirxneE Epwanrps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 68. Grapsidae Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 287; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 329.—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc Bengal, vol. 6D, 1900, pp. 283, 28S, and 295, and synonymy. The palp of the external maxillipeds articulates either at the antero-external angle or at the middle of the anterior border of the merus; exognath either very slender or very broad. Interantennular septum very broad; the division of the orbit into two fossae is ac- cented. Front of great breadth. Carapace usually quadrilateral, with the lateral borders either straight or slightly arched, and the orbits at or very near the antero-lateral angles. Buccal cavern square; there is generally a gap, often large and rhomboidal, between the external maxillipeds. Male openings sternal. Littoral, among rocks; pelagic, in drift weed and timber; inhabit- ing estuaries and marshes, or rivers, rarely on land. , } a THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 225 KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES AND AMERICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY GRAPSIDAE. A’. The antennules fold beneath the front in the ordinary way. B*. No oblique hairy ridge on the exposed surface of the external maxillipeds. Ct. The lower border of the orbit runs downward toward the buccal cavern. Subfamily Grapsinae, p. 226. D‘'. Front much less than half the greatest breadth of the carapace. Et. Merus of external maxillipeds longer than broad. F’, Fingers with broad, spooned tips-----~-------- Grapsus, "p. 226. F*. Fingers acute, not spooned___---------------~ Geograpsus, p. 281. E2. Merus of external maxillipeds not longer than broad. Leptograpsus, p. 234. D?. Front more than half, or about half, the greatest breadth of the carapace. E). Posterior surface of orbit concave. F*. Antennae excluded from the orbit-_.___------- Goniopsis, p. 236. ¥?, Antennae entering the orbit. G*. Carapace depressed, distinctly striated___Pachygrapsus, p. 240. G?. Carapace convex, almost smooth_-------------- Planes, p. 253. E?. Posterior surface of orbit bulging outward_-_~-~ Grapsodius, p. 259. C?. The lower border of the orbit does not run downward toward the buccal cavern, but is supplemented by a rather distant suborbital crest, which is in line with the anterior border of the epistome. Subfamily Varuninae, p. 260. D‘'. First segment of male abdomen not entirely covering the sternum between the legs of the last pair. Et Antero-lateral margins arcuate. Merus of external maxillipeds as broad as long. F*, Surface very uneven. Front strongly advanced. Suborbital crest not forming a stridulating ridge__-_Cyrtograpsus, Dp. 260. F*, Surface little uneven. Front moderately advanced.- Suborbital erest a stridulating ridge which scrapes against a short and usually horny ridge on the distal end of the arm. Hemigrapsus, p. 264. E?. Lateral margins straight and parallel. Merus of external maxilli- peds longer than broad_---~------------- Tetragrapsus, p. 273. D?. First segment of male abdomen covering the sternum between the legs of the last pair. E', Propodus of large cheliped normal. F*, Carapace subrotund___-----~------------ Glyptograpsus, p. 275. F’, Carapace squarish_-----------—--------- Euchirograpsus, p. 281. E?, Propodus of large cheliped prolonged proximally far beyond its articulation with the carpus_---------- Platychirograpsus, p. 278. B?. An oblique hairy ridge on the exposed surface of the external mavxilli- peds_ 22) - a es ee = Subfamily Sesarminae, p. 283. Ct. Antennae ledged in the orbital hiatus. D'. Epistome not projecting beyond the edge of the front. BE. Carapace quadrate or subquadrate. I", Carapace convex_——~-------------------------- Sesarma, p. 284. I, Carapace flat-____------------------------- Metopaulias, p. 317. Fk. Anterior half of carapace with arcuate margin, posterior half rec- tangular. 65863—17 15 226 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ¥’, Antero-lateral margins dentate. Carapace convex. Sarmatium, p. 321. F*. Antero-lateral margins entire. Carapace posteriorly flat. Cyclograpsus, p. 325. D*. Epistome projecting beyond the edge of the front. Chasmagnathus, p. 329. C*. Antennae excluded from the orbit by the tooth at the lower inner angle of the orbit meeting or nearly meeting the front. D*. Dactyli of legs of ordinary length. Abdomen of male subtriangu- Ue SS ha ge ee a eo es ee Metasesarma, p. 319. D’*. Dactyli of legs very short. Abdomen of male subcircular. Aratus, p. 822, A®. The antennules are visible in dorsal view in deep clefts in the front of PherCAnaApACe ==. = es ee eee Subfamily Plagusiinae, p. 331. Bi. Carapace broader than’ long= 222522 — =) See Plagusia, p. 331. B. Carapace longer than’ broad =:=- +> ——— e eeee Percnon, p. 337. Subfamily GRAPSINAE Dana (part). Grapsacea MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 163 [129] (part). Grapsinae Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 287; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 8331 (part).—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, pp. 288 and 295. Front usually strongly deflexed. The lower border of the orbit runs downward toward the buccal cavern. Antennal flagellum very short. The external maxillipeds leave usually a wide rhomboidal gap between them, and are not traversed by an oblique hairy crest; the palp articulates at or near the antero-external angle of the merus, and the exognath is narrow and exposed throughout. The miale abdomen fills all the space between the last pair of legs. Genus GRAPSUS Lamarck. Grapsus LAMARCK, Sys. Anim. sans Vert., 1801, p. 150; type, G. pictus Latreille=G. grapsus (Linnaeus). Orthograpsus (part) Krnestry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1880, p. 194. Goniopsis (part) DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1833, p. 5; 1835, p. 33. Carapace little broader than long, much depressed, regions fairly well defined, branchial groove very clear, branchial regions with regular obliquely transverse ridges, gastric region with transverse squamiform sculpture. Lateral borders arched and armed with a tooth just behind the acute outer orbital angle. Front about one-half the breadth of the anterior border of the carapace, strongly deflexed; along the line of flexion are 4 tubercles, the outer of which form the supraorbital angles. Orbits of moderate size, deep, distinctly divided into two fossae; lower border notched near outer angle; the wide inner orbital hiatus —— THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 2% % is filled partly by the antennal peduncle and partly by a strong iso- - lated tooth in the inner fossa. Antennules nearly transverse in narrow fossae; interantennular septum very broad. Antennal flagellum short, lying in the orbital hiatus; excretory tubercle of basal joint very prominent. Epistome deep, from front to back, well defined, its wings run up toward the orbital hiatus. Buccal cavity square with the antero- lateral corners rounded off. External maxillipeds widely separated by a rhomboidal gap in which the mandibles are exposed; ischium and merus narrow, the latter slightly the shorter; and the palp, which is coarse, especially as to its carpus, articulates near the antero- external angle of the merus, Chelipeds subequal, much shorter than the legs, but in the male much stouter; hands and fingers short and stout, tips of fingers broad and hollowed in a spoon. Legs broad and compressed, especially the merus; dorsal surface _ of some of the joints has a striated or squamiform sculpture; dactyli thorny. Abdomen with seven segments in both sexes; in the male its base is as broad as the sternum between the last pair of legs. Found on rocks and reefs of all tropical and subtropical seas. -GRAPSUS GRAPSUS (Linnaeus). ROCK CRAB; SALLY LIGHTFOOT. Plates 53 and 54. Pagurus maculatus CAtTEsBY, Nat. Hist. Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, vol. 2, 1743, p. 36, pl. 36, fig. 1, “ inhabit the rocks overhanging the sea.” Cancer grapsus LINNAEUS, Sys. Nat., ed. 19, vol. 1, 1758, p. 680 (type-locali- ties, America and Ascension Island; types not extant). Grapsus pictus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, an XI [1802-1803], p. 69 (type-locality, les tiles de VAmérique méridionale; type in Paris Mus.). Grapsus webbi MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 16. Grapsus (Goniopsis) pictus pE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1835, p. 33. Grapsus maculatus MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 18538, p. 167 [133], pl. 6, figs. 1—1 n (type-locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.). Grapsus webbi MirnE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zo6l., vol. 20, 1853, p. 167 [133] (type-locality, Canary Islands; type in Paris Mus.). Grapsus ornatus MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 168 [134] (type-locality, Chili; type in Paris Mus.). Grapsus altifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1869, p. 230 (type-locality, Cape St. Lueas; cotypes in Mus. Comp. Zool. and Cat. No. 2022, U.S.N.M.). Grapsus grapsus Ives, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1891, p. 190. 228 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Diagnosis —¥ront vertical. Tooth on wrist with short, spini- — form tip. Fingers spoon-shaped. | Description—Carapace discoidal; transverse and oblique ridges - prominent, intervening spaces reticulate. Front deep (depth vari- able), almost vertical, overhanging the epistome, partly concealing the antennules, its free edge crenate. Length of epistome about one-third its greatest breadth. Tooth at inner angle of orbit subovate. Chelipeds in male about as Jong as carapace, shorter in the female; inner border of ischium and arm strongly spinate; distal half of outer border of arm less deeply spined; wrist with scat- tered tubercles on its upper surface and with its inner angle pro- duced in an ovate, falecate tooth with a short spiniform tip; palm nearly as high as long, its outer surface sculptured, its upper border culminating in a tooth; fingers with very broad rounded tips; length of dactylus in male nearly twice the length of the upper border of the palm. First pair of legs shortest, fourth pair next, third pair longest, about twice as long as cara- pace. Only in the last pair of legs does the breadth of the merus approach half its length; the Si distal end of the upper border of each merus is a Fig. 185.—Grarsus spine, while the same end of the lower border in the MaxrLiirep, px. frst three pairs is armed with two or three spines. LARGED. (AFTER Measurements.—Male (16032), length of cara- MILNE EDWaRPS.) pace 77, width of same 87 mm. Color—Usually variegated with deep red and light greenish (in alcohol). Chelae an even, brilliant red. Sometimes the carapace and legs are entirely red without mottlings. Habits—According to Catesby, “these crabs inhabit the rocks overhanging the sea; they are the nimblest of all other crabs; they run with surprising agility along the upright side of a rock and even under rocks that hang horizontally over the sea; this they are often necessitated to do for escaping the assaults of rapacious birds which pursue them. These crabs, so far as I could observe, never go to land, but frequent mostly those parts of the promontories and islands of rocks in and near the sea, where by the continual and violent agitation of the waves against the rocks they are always wet, con- tinually receiving the spray of the sea, which often washes them into it, but they instantly return to the rock again, not being able to live under water and yet requiring more of that element than any of the crustaceous kinds that are not fish.” Range.—Tropical and subtropical shores of America as well as of the eastern Atlantic. South Florida and Bahamas to Pernambuco, Brazil; Bermudas; Lower California (San Benito Island) to Chile. — THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 229 A subspecies, Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus, inhabits the Indo- Pacific region. Material examined.— South Florida; 1879; S. Stearns; 1 male (3461). Abaco, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 1 male (16314). East side of Andros Island, Bahamas; in cave halfway between Smith’s place and lighthouse south of South Bight; May 14, 1912; Paul Bartsch; 2 females (45545). Hog Island, opposite Nassau, Bahamas; June 19, 1903; B. A. Bean; 1 male, 2 females (81045). San Salvador, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 4 males, 6 females (11359). Rum Cay, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 3 males (11365). Cabafias, Cuba; on coral reef, above water; May 31, 1900; William Palmer and J. H. Riley; 1 female (23806). Cuba; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Zomas Barrera Exped. : On reef flat between Cayo Hutia and Little Cayo, northeast of light; May 20; 1 young male (48575). Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; May 22; 2 females ovig. (48577). Cape Cajon; 1 male (48601). Jamaica; 1884; Albatross; 1 male (7334). Montego Bay, Jamaica; rocky ledges along shore; called “ Sally Lightfoot”; C. B. Wilson; 1 male (42880). Jacmel, Haiti; C. F. Baker; 1 female (22559). Porto Rico; Fish Hawk: San Juan; Jan. 4, 1899; 1 female, shedding (24054). Jan. 11 and 12, 1899; 1 male, 1 female (24061). Aguadilla; Jan. 18, 1899; 11 y. (24053). Boqueron Bay; Jan. 28, 1899; 1 female (24052). Guanica Bay; Jan. 28, 1899; 1 male, 1 female (24056). Reefs at Ponce; Jan. 30 and 31, 1899; 11 males, 7 females (24060), Playa de Ponce Reef; Feb. 1, 1899; 2 males (24059). Playa de Ponce Lighthouse; Jan. 31, 1899; 3 males, 2 females (24062). Arroyo; Feb. 4, 1899; 1 male, 2 females (24057). Hucares; Feb. 14, 1899; 1 male (24055). Caballo Blanco Reef, Vieques; Feb. 7, 1899; 4 males (24058). St. Thomas, W. I.: Shore; Jan. 17-24, 1884; Albatross, 5 males, 4 females (7467); 1 y. female (18560). Shore near town; June 28, 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; 1 male (49808). Lagoons; July 7, 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; 1 male (49809). Port Castries, St. Lucia; 1887; Albatross; 1 male (22090). 230 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Swan Islands, Caribbean Sea; Feb., 1887; C. H. Townsend; 2 © males, 38 females (14555). Old Providence; Apr. 4-9, 1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (7543). Sabanilla, Colombia; Mar. 16-22, 1884; Albatross; 4 males, 1 female (7564). Curacao; Feb. 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 1 female (7840). La Guayra, Venezuela; abundant on stones of breakwater; Lieut. Wirt Robinson, U. S. Army; July 26, 1895; 1 male (18816). Trinidad; shore; Jan. 30 to Feb. 2, 1884; Albatross; 1 y. male (7635). Fernando Noronha, Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Ex- plorations; 3 males, 2 females, 4 y. (40587). Hunery Bay, Bermudas; July-Sept.; F. G. Gosling; 1 male (25436). Cape Verde Islands; U. S. Exploring Exped.; 1 female (2337). Porto Grande, St. oneae Cape Verde Islands; Nov. 11, 1889; W. H. Brown, U.S. Eclipse Exped. to Africa; 1 y. (14866). Azores; William Trelease; 3 males, 3 females (18625). Horta, Fayal, Azores; Nov. 2, 1889; W. H. Brown, U. S. Eclipse Exped. to Africa; 1 female (14867). Pim Bay, Fayal, Azores; beach at low tide in pools and under stones; Lewis Dexter; 1 female (17600). Ascension Island; Mar. 20, 1890; W. H. Brown, U. 8. Eclipse Exped. to Africa; 4 males, 4 females (14868). San Benito Island, Lower California, Mexico; Mar. 28, 1897; A. W. Anthony; 1 male (20686). South end Cedros Island, Lower California; Apr., 1912; H. N. Lowe; 3 specimens (43851). San Roque Island, Lower California; Apr. 17, 1897; A. W. Anthony; 1 male (20685). Asuncion Island, Lower California; Apr. 16,1897; A. W. Anthony ; 2 males, 3 females (20687). Magdalena Bay, Lower California; Apr. 8, 1889: Albatross; 2 males (15524). Margarita Island, Lower California; May 2, 1888; Albatross; 1 male (22089). Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; J. Xantus; 7 males, 2 females, 9 y., cotypes of G. altifrons Stimpson (2022) ; 1 male (5319). La Paz, Lower California; L. Belding; 5 males, 1 female (53818). La ee Harbor, Lower eniroran: Mar 12, 1889; Albatross; 1 male (15525). Socorro Island, W. of Mexico; Mar. 8, 1889; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (15526). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 231 Clarion Island, W. of Mexico; Mar. 4, 1889; Albatross; 2 males (16032). Taboga Island, Panama: May 12-15, 1911; Meek and Hilde- brand; 1 female, paper-shell (43990). June, 1914; J. Zetek; 1 male (48777). Galapagos Islands: Chatham Island; Aug. 16 and 17, 1884; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. Navy; 6 males, 1 female (14365). Apr. 4,1888; Albatross; 8 males, 3 females (22083) ; 2 males, 3 females (20626). Jan. 4, _ 1905; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (83171). Hood Island; Apr. 7, 1888; Albatross; 5 males, 4 females (22086). Albemarle Island; Apr. 10, 1888; Albatross; 3 males, 1 female, 1 y. (22088). James Island; Apr. 11, 1888; Albatross; 6 males, 1 y. (22084). Indefatigable Island; Apr. 12, 1888; Albatross; 2 males, 2 females (22085). Duncan Island; Apr. 13, 1888; Albatross; 3 males, 3 females (22087). Callao, Peru (?); U. S. Expl. Exped.; 1 female (2344). N. end of Callao water front; from rocks in and above the surf; Dec. 27, 1906; R. IX. Coker; xeceived from Peruvian Government; 1 female, 2 y. (40436). San Lorenzo Island, Peru; Jan., 1884; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. Navy; 1 male (13865). Chincha Islands, Peru; July 13; R. E. Coker; received from Peru- vian Government; 1 male (40437). Mollendo, Peru; July 25, 1908; R. FE. Coker; received from Peru- vian Government; 1 female (40438). Grapsus strigosus (Herbst) is recorded from Loretto, North America, by White (List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 40), under the name, Goniopsis strigosus. This is probably Grapsus grapsus. Genus GEOGRAPSUS Stimpson. feograpsus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, 1858, p. 101; type, G. lividus (Milne Edwards). Orthograpsus Kinestry, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1880, p. 194, part: O. hilliti Kingsley=G. lividus (Milne Edwards). Differs from Grapsus as follows: Carapace more quadrate, the sides being very little arched, and also broader. Lobe at inner lower angle of orbit not so completely isolated. Antennal peduncle less massive. Epistome shorter fore and aft, and less well defined. Chelipeds much more massive than the legs; fingers pointed. Thorns of the dactyli of the legs less crowded and less coarse than in 232 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Grapsus. Between the coxae of the second and third pairs of legs is a narrow fossa fringed with hair leading to the branchial cavity. Inhabits tropical America as well as the Oriental region. GEOGRAPSUS LIVIDUS (Milne Edwards). Plate 55. Grapsus lividus Mitwr Epywarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 85 (type- locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.).—Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 340; atlas, 1855, pl. 21, figs. 5 a—e. Grapsus brevipes MILNE EXpwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 170 [186], (Patrie inconnue; type in Paris Mus.). Geograpsus lividus Stimpson, Ann, Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, eee: Geograpsus occidentalis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 230 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotypes in Mus. Comp. Zool. ). Orthograpsus hillii WKinestry, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 1880, p. 194 (type-locaiities, West Indies; type in Mus. Phila. Acad. Sci., and Key West, Fla.). Diagnosis —tLateral margin weil defined throughout its extent. Front little deflexed. Fingers pointed. Description.—Carapace subquadrilateral, widening behind, a little convex, lateral borders well defined, and posteriorly continued on the dorsal surface nearly to its middle by,a sinuous line near the pos- terior border. Transverse markings fine, obsolescent on the gastric region, absent on the cardiac region. The four tubercles along the upper border of the front are rather prominent; edge of front in dorsal view nearly straight or slightly concave at the middle. Notch near outer end of lower border of orbit deep. Chelipeds in both sexes a little unequal; about one and one-half times length of carapace, covered with transverse, more or less squamiform striae; upper surface of last three joints tuberculous; inner margin of arm expanded, proximally denticulate, distally with larger teeth; an acute tooth or spine at inner angle of wrist. The greatest breadth of the merus joints of the legs is more than half their length. First pair of legs slightly shorter than the fourth, second pair longest, two and one-third times as long as carapace. Last three joints of all the legs conspicuous with long slender bristles. Color—yYellowish red with reticulating lines or patches of a darker red or purplish; sometimes wholly red. Measurements —Male (24041), length of carapace 24.8, width of same 30.2 mm. Habits—lives among loose stones and rocks along shore above the water’s edge. Probably nocturnal. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 233 Range——Florida Keys to Sao Paulo, Brazil; Bermudas; Cape Verde Islands, 10-30 meters (EK. & B.); Lower California to Chile; Hawaiian Islands. Material examined.— Indian Key, Florida; 1885; H. Hemphill; 1 male (17601). Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio, Cuba; May 22-23, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Zomas Barrera Exped.; 1 male (48576). Mariel, Cuba; 1900: Wm. Palmer and J. H. Riley; May 10; among stones above tide; 1 male (23807). June 10; 1 y. (23808). Kingston Harbor, Jamaica: May to July, 1896; F. S. Conant: 1 male (19605). Dr. T. H. Morgan; 3 males, 1 female (17223). Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Puerto Real; Jan. 26; 2 males (24042). Reefs at Ponce; Jan. 30; 7 males, 3 females (24041). Hucares; Feb. 13; 2 females (24044). Ensenada Honda, Culebra; Feb. 9-10; 5 males, 2 females (24043). Vieques Island, Porto Rico; Mar. 28, 1900; L. Stejneger; 1 male y. (23679). St. Thomas, West Indies: Jan. 17-24, 1884; Albatross; 3 females (18561). Shore near town; June 28, 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; 1 male (49814). East shore of harbor; July 6, 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (49807). A. H. Riise; 1 female (2465). Port Castries, St. Lucia, West Indies; Dec. 2, 1887; Albatross; 1 male (22092). Monos Island, Trinidad; shore; Jan. 30-Feb. 2, 1884; Albatross; 1 male (7642). Rifwater, Curacao; one-half fathom; Mar. 6, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male (42971). Sabanilla, Colombia; 1884; Albatross; 9 males, 18 females (7344). Old Providence, West Indies; Apr. 4-9, 1884; Albatross, 3 females (7549). Iguape, Sic Paulo, Brazil; 1901; R. Krone; 1 male (47857). La Paz, Lower California; L. Belding; 3 females (4623). Pichilinque Bay, Lower California; Mar. 27, 1911; Albatross; 1 female ovig. (44581). James Island, Galapagos Islands; Apr. 11, 1888; Adlbatross; 1 male, 2 females (22093). San Lorenzo Island, off Callao, Peru: U.S. Expl. Exped.; 1 male (2338). Jan., 1884; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. N.; 1 female (15108). Clipperton Island; lagoon; Nov. 23; Stanford University; 1 male, 1 female (25662). Locality ?; U. S. Exploring Exped.; 1 male, 1 female (2381). 234 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus LEPTOGRAPSUS Milne Edwards. Leptograpsus (part), Mirne Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 171 [187]; type, LZ. variegatus (Fabricius). Differs from Grapsus as follows: Region not strongly defined. Lateral borders armed with two teeth behind the orbital angle. Front moderately deflexed, its su- perior tubercles not prominent. The tooth projecting from the lower wall of the inner fossa of the orbit is small, and the hiatus is largely filled by the greatly expanded first movable segment of the antenna. Epistome short fore and aft, laterally not nearly reaching the orbit. Merus of outer maxillipeds shorter and broader than the ischium, and as broad as it is long. Chelipeds in the male much stouter than the legs. Tips of fingers hollowed out in shallow spoons. Contains only one species. LEPTOGRAPSUS VARIEGATUS (Fabricius). Plate 56. Cancer variegatus Fasrictus, Entom. Syst., vol. 2, 1793, p. 450 (type- locality, in Americae meridionalis Insulis; type not extant). Grapsus variegatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, an XI [1802- 1803], p. 71. Grapsus personatus LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 249 (type-locality, New Hulland; type in Paris Mus.). Grapsus strigilatus Wurtr, in Gray, Zool. Miscellany, June, 1842, p. 78 (type-locality, New Zealand). Grapsus planifrons DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851, p. 249 (type-locality, ad oras juxcta urbem ‘ Valparaiso’; Cat. No. 2343, U.S.N.M.) ; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852,-p. 338; atlas, 1855, pl. 21, figs. 3a—3e. Leptograpsus variegatus MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 171 [1387]. Leptograpsus verreauri Mitng Enwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 171 [187], (type-locality, Australie; type in Paris Mus.). Leptograpsus ansoni MitnE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 20, 1853, p. 171 [1387], (type-locality, Ile de Juan-Fernandez; type in Paris Mus.).—brE Man, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 84. Leptograpsus gayi M1i~NE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 30, 18538, p. 171 [1387], (type-locality, Chili; type in Paris Mus.). Diagnosis.—Subcircular. Two side teeth. Fingers spoon-shaped. Merus of maxillipeds as broad as long. Description.—Carapace subcircular. Surface of front and ante- rior gastric region tuberculate. Surface between transverse and oblique ridges very finely reticulate. Edge of front transverse, erenate. The three teeth of the sides diminish in size from the orbital tooth backward. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 93F Chelipeds in male one and one-half times as long as carapace, shorter in the female. Inner border of arm laminate, and dentate at the distal end. A tooth at extremity of outer border. Arm and wrist crossed by transverse striae; wrist tuberculate above, as are also the palm and the proximal half of the dactylus. Tooth at inner angle of wrist short, obtuse, and very deep. Outer face of hand almost smooth except for a longitudinal ridge running from the tip of the pollex nearly to the wrist; lower edge obscurely tuberculate; inner face finely striate, and with a few tubercles. Fingers widely gaping at base in the male, dactylus with a large, low, basal tooth; pollex with a similar large tooth just distal to that on the dactyl. Length of dactylus in male a little more than one and one-half times the length of upper border of palm. First pair of legs shortest, third pair longest, about twice as long as carapace. Merus of last pair twice as long as broad, merus of other pairs longer. A spine at distal end of upper border of each merus, and two or three small spines or teeth at distal end of lower border of all save in the last pair. Variation—A variable species. Individuals differ in width of carapace and legs, in the curvature of the side margins and the size of their teeth, in the prominence of the frontal lobules and of the pos- terior cardiac region, and of the sculptural lines. Color—Variable. Red and yellow mixed, or dotted with violet- red, or sometimes whitish. ‘“ Bluish-gray, everywhere transversely lineated and blotched with black; feet often reddish” (Stimpson). Measurements.—Male (2129), length of carapace 54.8, width of same 61.8 mm. Range—From Peru to Chile; Juan Fernandez. Pernambuco {(Kingsley.) Also Easter Island; Australia; New Zealand; Nor- folk Island; Shanghai (Heller). Material ecamined.— Callao or San Lorenzo, Peru; U. S. Expl. Exped.; 1 male (2328). Chincha Islands, Peru; specimens in Copenhagen Mus. Cobija, Chile; specimens in Copenhagen Mus. Antofagasta, Chile; Nov., 1914; Dr. J. N. Rose; 1 male, 1 female ovig. (49057) ; 2 specimens (49061). Valparaiso, Chile; U. S. Exploring Exped.; 1 male, 2 females, co- types of Grapsus planifrons Dana (2843). Chile: Gilliss, collector; 1 male (2414). C. E. Porter; 1 female (44520). Chile or Peru; U. S. Exploring Exped.; 4 males, 1 female (2129). Easter Island; Albatross: Dec. 16, 1904; 1 female (33196). Dee. 20, 1904; 2 males, 2 females (83195). La Perouse Bay; Dec. 17,1904; 4 males, 3 females (33197). Port Jackson, Australia; H. W. Parritt; 2 females (32439). 236 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus GONIOPSIS de Haan. Goniopsis p—E Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1888, p. 5; 1835, p. 33; type, G. cruentata (Latreille). Goniograpsus (part) Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 287; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851 (1852), pp. 247 and 249. Carapace quadrate, much broader than long, convex, groove de- fining the branchial region deep. Outer two-thirds of coral surface trav peed by sharp oblique ridges; anterior third crossed by transverse broken striae. Antero-lateral tooth acute; a similar tooth just behind it on the lateral border. Front about half the width of the carapace, vertical, the superior lobes truncate and prominent. Orbits of good width, at the corners of the carapace; lower border with two notches at outer end; the orbital hiatus is filled by a lobe belonging to the inner of the orbital fossae, and excluding the an- tenna from the orbit. First movable joint of antenna provided with a broad lateral expansion. Antennules folded transversely. Epistome well defined, small, deeply concave. Buccal cavity square with the anterior corners rounded. The outer maxillipeds are nar- row and separated by a very broad rhomboidal gap in which the mandibles are exposed. Merus and ischium subequal in length. The large palp articulates at the outer angle of the merus. Chelipeds unequal, much more massive than the legs and about as long as the third pair; fingers slightly hollowed at tip. Legs broad and compressed, especially the merus, which, like that of the cheliped, bears transverse markings; last three joints bristly, dactyli spinous. As in Geograpsus there is, between the coxae of the second and third pairs of legs, a narrow fossa fringed with hair, which leads to the branchial cavity. The abdomen in both sexes is composed of seven, somites, and in the male covers the sternum between the last pair of legs. Contains only two species, which are analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: cruentata (Atlantic) ; pulchra (Pacific). ee ee eee eee ar cilia tt et tt ell KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS GONIOPSIS. AEH Gok yellow OF 7weNSo 2. ee nh IT OE oe ees Pe, Pb cruentata, p. 237. A’®. Color purplish or brown. Carapace a little wider than in cruentata. Appendages of male abdomen straighter, tip more transverse. pulchra, p. 239. ee ree alts ae i THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 237 GONIOPSIS CRUENTATA (Latreille). MANGROVE CRAB; TREE CRAB. Plate 57. Cancer ruricola DE GrER, Mém. pour servir 4 l’Hist. des Insectes, vol. 7, 1778, p. 417, pl. 25 (not C. ruricola Linnaeus). Grapsus cruentatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, 1803, p. 70 (type- locality, les tiles de V Amérique méridionale; type in Paris Mus.). Gecarcinus ruricola MacLray, Trans. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 1, 1835, p. 184, not G. ruricola (Linnaeus). Grapsus (Goniopsis) cruentatus pE HAAN, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1835, Dace: Grapsus longipes Ranpaty, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 1839 (1840), p. 125 (type-locality, Surinam; type in Mus. Phila. Acad. Sci.). Goniopsis ruricola Wuitr, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 40.—Saussurg, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 14, 1858, p. 30, pl. 2, figs. 18, 18a. Grapsus pelii Herktots, Addit. Faunam Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 6 and 7 (type-locality, prope Boutry; type in Leyden Mus.). Goniograpsus cruentatus DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 342% atlas, 1855, pl. 21, fig. 7. Goniopsis cruentata RATHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 15, pl. 1 (colored). Diagnosis——Carapace quadrate, with one side tooth. Front ver- tical. Antenna excluded from orbit. Fossa fringed with hair between coxae of second and third legs. Color yellow or red. Description.—Carapace widening a little behind, sides a little curved, branchial region swollen above the level of the cardiac and intestinal re- gions. Surface between ridges very finely wrinkled. Median pair of frontal lobes a little wider than outer pair. Surface of ic. 136—Gontopsts crUENTATA. front tuberculate, lower edge nearly pe tbh er srigape tak Wall rat * y : : = : (AFTER MILNE Epwarpbs); 0, straight, thin, projecting, crenulate. LEFT FIRST APPENDAGE OF ABDO- Merus! (o£) chelpads”, prominentigg. 72°", -OT= Mate Cert), oem A , : A SIDE, X 2. ridged; inner margin expanded in a broad lamina with edge coarsely dentate or spinate; outer mar- gin with smaller teeth. Carpus tuberculate, inner angle armed with a few denticles. Outer surface of chelae for the most part smooth and flat, with rows of spiniform tubercles above and below; inner - face of palm sparingly tuberculate. Tips of fingers hollowed out in shallow, inconspicuous spoons. The second or longest pair of legs is about twice as long as the carapace. The merus joints of all the legs are about twice as long 238 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. as wide, and their anterior margins end in a sharp tooth, while the posterior margins of all but the last pair are feebly dentate at the distal end. Thorns of dactyli very strong. Color—A. very showy crab. Carapace brownish-yellow or brick- red; legs red, with spots of a darker red, extremities yellow; cheli- peds red, except the palms, which are almost white, and the fingers, which are yellow. Measurements.—Male (7542), length of carapace 48.2, width of same 56, width of front 29 mm. Habits—Very abundant and very active in mangrove swamps on the roots and along the trunks of the trees and on wet, muddy shores of inlets of the sea. Range—Bahamas and Gulf of Mexico to Province of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Bermudas; West Africa. Material examined.— Pensacola, Florida; in fish stomach; Silas Stearns; 1 male (13849). Nassau, Bahamas: 1886; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (16313). Dec. 25, 1898; Fish Hawk, 1 male, 1 y. (24064). Spanish Wells, Bahamas; 1893; Biol. Exped. State Univ. Iowa; 1 female (Mus. 8.U.L.). Tampico, Mexico; “live in the soft mud of the river banks”; June 1, 1910; Edward Palmer; 1 male, 2 females (1 ovig.) (44503). Near Belize, Honduras; W. A. Stanton; 1 male (21382). Old Providence, Caribbean Sea; Apr. 4-9, 1884; Albatross; 5 males, 9 females (7542). Curacao; Feb. 10-18, 1884; Albatross; 4 males, 3 females (7586). Mariel, Cuba; in swamp; “climbs trees”; May 10, 1900; William Palmer and J. H. Riley; 1 male (23805). Cuba; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Zomas Barrera Exped.: Los Arroyas; May 20; 4 males, 4 females (2 ovig.) (48572). Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; May 22; 3 males, 1 female (48578). Jamaica; Mar. 1-11, 1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (7677). Montego Bay, Jamaica: P. W. Jarvis; 1 y. (19055). Bogue Islands; C. B. Wilson; 1 female (42882). June 17, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 female ovig. (42874). Salt Pond; June 28, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 2 females, 2 y. (41749). Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; T. H. Morgan; 1 male, 1 female (17222). Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Rio Bayamon, above Palo Seco; Jan. 16; 1 male (24063), 16 males, 13 females (24066). Hucares; Feb. 13 and 14; 4 males, 10 females (24065). Ensenada Honda, Culebra; Feb. 9; 1 y. (24034). San Juan Bay, Porto Rico; in mangrove swamp; Jan. 18, 1899: Paul Beckwith; 3 males, 4 females (22793). THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 239 Brandons, Barbados; in mangrove swamp; H. M. Lefroy; 1 female (26410). Brazil; Lieut. F. E. Sawyer, U. S. Navy; 5 males, 8 females (17596). Pernambuco, Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explorations; 2 males, 3 females, 2 y. (40608). On mangroves; Aug. 1, 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Exped.; 3 males (25703). Plataforma, Bahia, Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Ex- plorations; 1 male, 1 female (40607). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; U. S. Exploring Exped.; 1 male, 1 female (2345). Terra de Masahe, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Jan., 1912; H. von Ihering; 2 females (47835). Iguape, Province of Sao oe Brazil; 1912; R. Krone; 1 male (Mus. S. Paulo). Bermuda; F. V. Hamlin; received from Wesleyan University; 1 male (4022). Hungry Bay, Bermuda; July-Sept.; F. G. Gosling; 1 male (25487). Dakar, West Africa; May 3, 1892; O. F. Cook; 1 male (21388). Rock Spring, Monrovia; Apr., 1894; O. F. Cook and G. N. Col- lins; 5 males (20574). Monrovia; March, 1895; O. F. Cook; 2 males (21389). Mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia; O. F. Cook; 1 female (20668). Baya River, Elmina, Ashantee; Nov. 27, 1889; W. H. Brown, U. S. Eclipse Exped. to Africa; 4 males, 2 females (14881). GONIOPSIS PULCHRA (Lockington). Plate 58. Goniograpsus pulcher LockineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 152 [8], (type-locality, Magdalena Bay, west coast of Lower California; type not extant). Goniopsis cruentatus KinestEy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1880, p. 190 (part: specimen from west coast of Nicaragua).—Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, pp. 101 and 235 (not locality Amoy). Goniopsis pulcher Norixt, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 12, No. 280, 1897, p. 3. Goniopsis pulchra RarHBuUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 547, pl. 47, fig. 3. Diagnosis.—Like cruentata, but carapace wider; color purplish or brown; appendages of male abdomen straighter; tip more transverse. 240 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Description —Difters very little from G. cruentata of the Atlantic side, but the following characters have been observed: The width of the carapace is slightly greater in proportion to the length when specimens of equal size are compared. The appendages of the first segment of the male abdomen are straighter, the tip a little more transverse. The color is darker, purplish or dark brown predominating; the size of spots and blotches is variable, but they are of a citrine color, becoming yellowish on the legs. Measurements—Male (12467), length of carapace 33, width of same 40, width of front 22.5 mm. Habits —Like those of G. cruentata. Range.—From Magdalena Bay, Lower Cali- fornia, to Peru. Material examined.— Magdalena Island, Lower California; Dee. 5, 1905; Nelson and Goldman, Biol. Survey, U. S. Dept. Agriculture; 1 male (33416). Lower California (?); 1 male (12467). Guaymas, Mexico; gulf side, beach, under stones, etc.; Feb. 23 and 27, 1891; P. L. Jouy; Al RA Sie aR 1 male, 1 female (17294), 1 male y. (17306). PULCHRA, ABDOMEN Boca del Jesus Maria, Costa Rica; April, ee oe (12467), 1905; P. Biolley and J. F. Tristan; 1 male, 1 female (32284). Santo Domingo, Gulf of Dolce, Costa Rica; April, 1896; H. Pit- tier; 1 male (19436). Las Vacas, near Capon, Peru; on beach; Jan. 23, 1908; R. E. Coker; received from Peruvian Government; 3 females (40435). “ Chanduya; common on muddy beaches; noted especially about the mangrove swamps.” Genus PACHYGRAPSUS Randall. Pachygrapsus RANDALL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 1839 (1840), p. 127; type, P. crassipes Randall. Goniograpsus (part) Dawa, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851 (1852), pp. 247 and 249. Carapace quadrate, broader than long, though sometimes slightly so, a little convex, regions not well defined. Fine oblique lines on the branchial regions, similar transverse lines on the anterior half. Antero-lateral angle acute; there is usually behind it on the lateral margin one or two teeth, but sometimes none. Front broad, half or more than half the width of the carapace, defiexed; along the line of flexion are four lobes more or less promi- nent. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 241 Lower border of orbit notched near its outer end. Orbital hiatus partly filled by a lobe belonging to the inner fossa, which does not, however, exclude the antenna from the orbit. Antennules almost transverse. Epistome well defined, short fore and aft. Buccal cavity square with the anterior corners rounded off. Maxillipeds having a rhom- boidal gap between them; merus shorter than ischium, and bearing the coarse palpus on its anterior border, nearer the outer than the inner angle. Chelipeds either subequal or unequal, much more massive than the legs. Fingers slightly grooved inside, forming shallow spoons at the tip. Legs broad and compressed, especially as to the merus, which, like the arm of the chelipeds, is transversely striated; the last three joints have bristly edges and the dactyli are thorny. The abdomen in both sexes has seven segments, and in the male covers the sternum at its base. Inhabits the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of America, the eastern Atlantic, thence eastward through the Mediterranean to the Indo- Pacific. KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PACHYGRAPSUS, A*, Carapace with one or two side teeth behind the outer orbital tooth. B*. Carapace with one side tooth. C*. Distal end of posterior margin of merus of last pair of legs entire. D’. Sides of carapace strongly sinuous________________ crassipes, p. 241, D*. Sides of carapace slightly sinuous__________________ maurus, p. 244. C*. Distal end of posterior margin of merus of last pair of legs dentate. Dede crotatrontrsimuous 2] =) 2 eee eee transversus, p. 244. Ty) Wdze of front) simply converoal-)2t THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 423 late; interspace very narrow and regularly diminishing. Prehensile tubercles low and molariform; a prominent submarginal row of granules above and below. Inner surface of palm without oblique transverse ridge; the subtriangular area forming the lower proximal portion is granulate. Merus of first three pairs of legs much enlarged. The third to sixth segments of the abdomen of the male are fused, though vestiges of the sutures remain. Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace, 6.3; width of same, 10 mm. Range——From La Paz, Lower California, to Tumaco, Colombia, on the frontier of Ecuador (Nobili). Material examined—La Paz, Lower California; L. Belding; 1 male, holotype (17500). Santo Domingo, Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica; April, 1896; H. Pittier; 1 male (19442). Subfamily MAacroPHTHALMINAE Dana. Gonoplacés vigils Minnr Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 18, 1852, p. 155 [119] (part). Macrophthalmine Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 12, 1851, p. 286; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 312—Atcock, Journ. Asiat, Soe. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, p. 290. Carapace usually quadrilateral, broader than long (sometimes more than twice as broad as long), flattish and not very deep, the regions usually well defined; front variable, but never very broad; antennules with a well-developed flagellum that folds transversely, interantennular septum very narrow; eyestalks usually elongate; the external maxillipeds do not always meet across the buccal cavern, though the gap between them is never very wide, their exognath is not, or not entirely, concealed and has a flagellum; chelipeds usually subequal. No special recess between the bases of any of the legs. Genus EUPLAX Milne Edwards. Euplax Mitne Enwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., ser. 3, vol. 18, 1852, p. 160 [124]; type, H. leptophthalmus Milne Edwards. Chaenostoma Stimpson, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, 1858, p. 97 [48]; type, C. orientale Stimpson, 1858=Z. bosci (Audouin, 1825). Carapace not much wider than long; lateral margins dentate. Eyestalks of moderate length, not overreaching the orbital angles, which do not form a prominent tooth. Outer maxillipeds with a rhomboidal gape. Distributed through the Indo-Pacific, Australia, and Chile. . 424 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. EUPLAX LEPTOPHTHALMA Milne Edwards. ERuplazr leptophthalmus MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 18, 1852, p. 160 [124] (type-locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.). Eyestalks very slender and much shorter than the orbits. Front of medium width. Three lateral teeth, wide and elevated. (After . Milne Edwards.) Range.—Chile. Fie. 172.—PREHISTORIC BOWL UNEARTHED IN CosTA RICA, THE BASE REPRESENTING A FEMALE LAND-CRAB, CARDISOMA GUANHUMI, WITH THE CLAWS FOLDED UNDER THE EYES}; X ABOUT g. ORIGINAL IN POSSESSION OF MRS. ZELECON; CAST IN U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. se ee ae Fig. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fie. Fic. Fie. mh Oo KD more te 08 bo Pt oo who WON Re won EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 1. Trizocarcinus dentatus, male holotype, 14. . Antero-ventral view. . Dorsal view. . Posterior view. PLATE 2. Bathyplae typhla, X14. e . Male (9724), ventral view, to show maxilliped and abdomen. . Female (9729). dorsal view. . Male (9724), ventral view, to show chelae. PLATE 3. Pilumnoplaz elata, X3. . Male (11407), dorsal view, with 2 detached legs. . Male (11407), ventral view, and right cheliped detached. . Female (19880), dorsal view. PLATE 4. . Goneplaz barbata, male (4116, M.C.Z.), dorsal view, X32. . Goneplaxr sigsbei, female (4117, M.C.Z.), dorsal view, X32. . Goneplax barbata, male (4116, M.C.Z.), ventral view, X32. . Goneplax sigsbei, female (4117, M.C.Z.), ventral view, 382. PLATE 5. Goneplax barbata, male (46809), x4. . Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Posterior view. . Ventral view. PLATE 6. . Prionoplar atlantica, male (15272), anterior view, <3. . Same, dorsal view, with one leg and part of right cheliped detached, <3. . Tetraplar quadridentata, male (24564), dorsal view, X83. . Same, ventral view, X3. PLATE 7. Buryplax nitida, male (45824), X about 3. . Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. 425 426 Fig. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Tig. PrG. FIG. FG. bo DD fet i) ie ww mw br oo Wy oP 0 Ne So On p whe BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Priate 8. Speocarcinus carolinensis, female (45951), 1%. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 9. Speocarcinus granulimanus, male (17461), X12. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 10. . Speocarcinus ostrearicola, male holotype, dorsal view, X 2. . Speocarcinus californiensis, male (45581), dorsal view, 14. . Same, ventral view, X14. ® PLATE 11. Cyrtoplax spinidentata, male holotype, 13. . Antero-ventral view. . Dorsal view. . Posterior view. GAREY ies Panoplax depressa, male (24556), dorsal view, X3. . Same, ventral view, X83. . Hucratopsis crassimanus, male (45952), dorsal view, X2. PrAre is: Cediplax granulata, female holotype, dorsal view, <1. . Same, ventral view, X1. . Glyptoplaxr smithii, male (19796), ventral view, <4. . Same, female (18269), dorsal view, <4. PLATE 14. . Chasmocarcinus obliquus, male holotype, dorsal view, 5. . same, ventral view of body, X5. . Pseudorhonbila octodentata, male holotype, dorsal view, X1. PrAtE a5. . Pinnotheres holmesi, female holotype, dorsal view, X 2x0. Same, ventral view, X2i5. . Pinnotheres ostreum, female (49208), dorsal view, <1#. . Same, ventral view, X1¢. . Pinnotheres ostreum, male (49209), ventral view, 63. 3. Same, dorsal view, X63. PLATE 16. . Pinnotheres geddesi, female (23439), ventral view, X2xb. Same, dorsal view, X2i5. . Pinnotheres geddesi, female (cotype, Brit. Mus.), ventral view, X2z%. Same, dorsal view, X 2x5. . Pinnotheres angelicus, female (17467), ventral view, X2z5. . Same, dorsal view, X2z5. Fie. Fic. Fic. et HP SODNAMNA WY a Fie. Fie. COD Oe Oo bh OAD ow ob THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 427 PLATH 17. Pinnotheres depressus, male (48594), ventral view, * nearly 7. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 7. . Pinnotheres maculatus, male (18014), dorsal view. & nearly 2. . Same, female (3818), dorsal view, < nearly 2. Same, male (18014), ventral view, X nearly 2. Same, female (3818), ventral view, X nearly 2. . Pinnotheres pugettensis, female (39131), ventral view, X nearly 3. . Same, dorsal view, X nearly 3. PLATE 18. . Pinnotheres pugettensis, female (40396), infero-external view of right chela, and superior view of four left legs, <4#. . Pinnotheres muliniarum, male holotype, dorsal view, 104. . Same, ventral view, X10. PLATE 19, . Pinnotheres serrei, female (48571), dorsal view, X nearly 2. Same, ventral view, X nearly 2. Vv ™ . Pinnotheres serrei, female (49214), ventral view, < nearly 3. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 3. Pinnotheres serrei, male holotype, ventral view, X nearly 34. . Pinnotheres serrei, male (49213), dorsal view, < nearly 7. Same, ventral view, X nearly T. . Pinnotheres barbatus, male (234385), dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Same, female (23435), dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Same, male (23485), ventral view, X nearly 2. . Same, female (23435), ventral view, X nearly 2. PLATE 20. . Pinnotheres strombi, female holotype, ventral view, X< nearly 2. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 2. Pinnotheres concharum, female (45611), dorsal view. X nearly 9. Same, ventral view, X nearly 9. . Pinnotheres concharum, female (18410), dorsal view, < nearly 4. . Same, ventral view, X nearly 4. Pram 21. . Pinnotheres reticulatus, female (18217), ventral view, X1%5. . Same, dorsal view, 13%. . Pinnotheres moseri, female (23440), ventral view, X 2% (maxillipeds removed). . Same, dorsal view, X2#. . Pinnotheres taylori, male (40397), ventral view, X34. Same, dorsal view, X3#. . Pinnotheres taylori, female (40397), ventral view, <4. . Same, dorsal view, X44. 428 Wie. Fie. Fic. Ire. Fig. Fic. Noe BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 22: Pinnotheres shoemakeri, female (49220), dorsal view, X6. . Same, male holotype, dorsal view, <6#. te oe COD Oh ON o SOMA AAR Why EE AMHSMAP wn OARMIPRWON HE Same, female (49220), ventral view, X6. Same, male holotype, ventral view, X6#. Pimnotheres orcutti, male holotype, ventral view, 6. . Same, dorsal view, 6. PLATE 25: . Pinnotheres hemphilli, male holotype, dorsal view, X13. . Same, ventral view, X13. PLATE 24. . Fabia subquadrata, female (23928), dorsal view, X1%. Fabia lowei, female (45583), dorsal view, X13. Fabia subquadrata, female (23928), ventral view, X 13 Fabia lowei, female (45583), ventral view, 1%. Fabia canfieldi, female holotype, dorsal view, X2%%. Fabia byssomiae, female (48595), dorsal view, X33. Fabia canfieldi, female holotype, ventral view, 2x0. . Fabia byssomiae, female (48595), ventral view, X33. PLATE 25. . Pinnaxodes meinerti, female (5760, M.C.Z.), ventral view, X1#. . Same, dorsal view, X1#. . Pinnaxodes meinerti, male holotype, dorsal view, X1rs. . Parapinnixra bouvieri, male (5744, M.C.Z.), legs of left side, X6. Same, ventral view, X6. Same, dorsal view, X6. . Parapinnixa bouvieri, female (holotype), dorsal view, 6. Same, ventral view, X6. . Same, right chela, X6. . Same, left chela and right legs, X6. PLATE 26. . Parapinnira hendersoni, male holotype, anterior view, X2#. . Same, dorsal view, X23. Same, ventral view, X23. . Parapinnira hendersoni, female (48711), ventral view, X22. . Same, antero-dorsal view, X23. . Dissodactylus nitidus, female (221138), ventral view, X23. . Same, dorsal view, X 23. Brarni2i. . Dissodactylus encopei, male (23430), ventral view, <3. Same, dorsal view, <3. . Dissodactylus encopei, female (23481), ventral view, X83. . Same, dorsal view, X83. . Dissodactylus borradailei, male (23790), ventral view, X4. . Same, dorsal view, 4. . Dissodactylus berradailei, female holotype, ventral view, X3. . Same, dorsal view, X8. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 499 PLATE 28. Fic. 1. Dissodactylus stebbingi, male holotype, ventral view, X4. Fie. Fic. Fie. Fie. » VO Ol wa OMAN Oe wb eH D ow ow =I hoo CoN ON BR OD ow be 2. Same, dorsal view, <4. 3. Dissodactylus alcocki, male (23447), ventral view, together with right leg, X4. . Same, dorsal view, together with right leg, <4. . Dissodactylus calmani, female holotype, ventral view, <3. . Same, dorsal view, X38. . Dissodactylus mellitae, male (40271), ventral view, 7. . Same, dorsal view, together with left leg, 7. ~ PLATE 29, . Pinni«xa transversalis, female (20625), dorsal view, < nearly 2. . Pinnixa transversalis, male (20625), ventral view, * nearly 2. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Pinnixa faxroni, male (76389), ventral view, < nearly 2. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Pinnixa faroni, female (7639), ventral view, < nearly 2. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Pinnixa cristata, female (42817), ventral view, X nearly 2. . Same, dorsal view, also separately, left chela, third leg and fourth leg, X nearly 2. PLATE 30. . Pinnixa patagoniensis, male holotype, anterior view. 2. . Same, dorsal view, X2. Same, ventral view, X2. . Pinnira floridana, female holotype, ventral view, X38. . Same, dorsal view, <3. . Pinnrixa floridana, male (49249), dorsal view, together with legs of right side, X4. . Same, ventral view, <4. . Pinnixa tomentosa, female (29948), dorsal view, <2. PLATE 31. . Pinnixa faba, female (31599), dorsal view, X13. . Same, male (31599), dorsal view, X14. . Same, female (31599), ventral view, X14. Same, male (31599), ventral view, X14. . Pinni«a littoralis, female (31600), dorsal view, X13. . Same, male (31600), dorsal view, X13. Same, female (31600), ventral view, 13. . Same, male (31600), ventral view, X14. PLATE 32: Pinniza barnharti. . Male (5742, M.C.Z.), ventral view, X2. . Female holotype, dorsal view, 2. . Same, ventral view, X2. . Male (5742, M.C.Z.), abdomen, x6. 430 Fie. Fic. F iG. Era. Fie. be OD Oi ow by DoONAANRwWNH OAD PR wh pp co 10. . Pinnixa valdiviensis, male (5740, M.C.Z.), dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Same, ventral view, X nearly 2. . Pinnixa chaetopterana, female (26105), dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Same, male (5824), dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Same, female (26105), ventral view,~ x nearly 2. . Same, male (5824), ventral view, X nearly 2. . Pinnixa occidentalis, male (17470), dorsal view, nat. size. . Pinniza sayana, male (48488), dorsal view, X3. . Pinniza sayana, female (34017), ventral view, x4. . Pinniza valdiviensis, male cotype, ventral view, X2. . Same, dorsal view, X2. . Pinnixa franciseana, male (48445), ventral view, X38. . Same, dorsal view, X83. . Pinnixa franciscana, female (48450), dorsal view, X3. . Same, male (25850), dorsal view, X83. . Pinnixa cylindrica, male (17952), ventral view, X2. . Pinnixa sehmitti, female holotype, ventral view, X83. . Pinnixa hiatus, female (29949), dorsal view, X nearly 4. . Same, ventral view, X nearly 4. . Pinnixa tubicola, female (20860), dorsal view, X nearly 2. . Same, ventral view, X nearly 2. . Pinniva tubicola, male, Trinidad (Stanford Univ.), dorsal view, . Pinniza weymouthi, male ‘holotype, dorsal view, together with chel« . Scleroplax granulata, male (49247), dorsal view, X32. . Same, ventral view, X33. . Scleroplax granulata, female paratype, dorsal view, <2. . Opisthopus transversus, Male (8446), ventral view, X13. . Same, dorsal view, X14. BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, PLATE 33. PLATE 34. Same, dorsal view, 4. p PLATE 35. Same, ventral view, X38. Pinnixa cylindrica, male (17952), dorsal view, X2. Pinnixra schmitti, female holotype, dorsal view, 3. PLATE 36. Same, two legs of left side, X nearly 4. Same, chela and four legs of right side, X nearly 4. Same, third leg of right side, X nearly 2. X nearly 3. iped and two legs of right side, X nearly 4. Same, ventral view, X nearly 4. PLATE 387. Fie. Fig. Fie. Fie. Fic. Fic. Fie. BON OD OO DD oe OND eH ID Ot ho oo bo WN Ee . Pinnotherelia laevigata, male (40445), anterior view, X nearly 2 THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 431 PLATE 38, Pinnaxodes chilensis. Male (5787), dorsal view, X nearly 3. Same, ventral view, X nearly 3. Same, inner view of left chela, X nearly 4. Same, outer view of left chela, X nearly 4. Same, leg, X nearly 4. . Female (49288), ventral view, X nearly 2. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 2. PLATE 39. Same, dorsal view, X nearly 2. Same, ventral view, X nearly 2. . Tetrias scabripes, female (21595), ventral view, X nearly 2. . Same, dorsal view, X nearly 2. PLATE 40. . Pinnotherelia laevigata, female (2485), dorsal view, X4. Same, ventral view, <4. . Cymopolia sica, male (46068), dorsal view, X23. . Same, ventral view, X23. PLATE 41. . Pinnixa retinens, male holotype, dorsal view, X 4. . Same, ventral view, <4. . Cymopolia floridana, female holotype, dorsal view, 4. . Same, ventral view, X4. PLATE 42. Cymopolia alternata. . Male (19840), dorsal view, X23. . Femaie (49190), ventral view, X22. . Same, dorsal view, X 23. . PLATE 48. Cymopolia alternata. . Male (19840), ventral view, X24. . Female, variety (15282), dorsal view, X23. . Same, ventral view, X2#. PLATE 44, . Cymopolia lucasii, male holotype, dorsal view, X2. Same, ventral view, X2. . Cymopolia zonata, male (22071), dorsal view, X2. 432 Fie. Fia. Iie. Ire. Fie. Fie. Fie. bo bo co bD pu Hm oo bo et to on Cb bene Hm C2 bh BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 45. . Cymopolia zonata, male (22071), ventral view, X2. . Cymopolia faroni, female holotype, dorsal view, X3. . Same, ventral view, together with right chela and last left leg, de- tached, X83. PLATE 46. Cymopolia affinis. . Male (24515), dorsal view, X2. . Same, ventral view, X2. . Male (49196), dorsal view, X83. PLATE 47. . Cymopolia bahamensis, male (22301), dorsal view, <3. . Cymopolia bahamensis, female (22301), ventral view, X3. . Cymopolia affinis, male (49196, second specimen), dorsal view, X83. PLATE 48. . Cymopolia rathbuni, female immature (49191), dorsal view, 5. . Same, ventral view, X5. . Cymopolia isthmia, female holotype, dorsal view, 5. . Same, ventral view, X65. PLATE 49. Cymopolia obesa. . Male (17895), dorsal view and left chela, <2. . Male (17894), ventral view, X2. . Same, dorsal view, X2. PLATE 50. Cymopolia gracilis, . Male (49192), ventral view, X22. . Same, dorsal view, X22. . Female (11411), ventral view, X14. Briar oie . Cymopolia gracilis, female (11411), dorsal view, 1x0. . Cymopolia fragilis, male (20620), dorsal view, X22. . Same, ventral view, X22. PrAtTern2. . Cymopolia cursor, female (7818), dorsal view, with detached legs, X13. . Same, left chela, 5. . Cymopolia gracilipes, male (113895), dorsal view, with detached legs, X44. . Same, ventral view, X22. a ia i a ne fic. 1. Fig. 1. Fre. 1. Fie. 1. Fie. 1. Fie. 1. Fig. 1. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 433 PLATE 53. Grapsus grapsus, male (22086), dorsal view, X24. PLATE 54. Grapsus grapsus, male (48601). Ventral view, X#. . Anterior view of front, X#. PLATE 55. Geograpsus lividus. Male (24041), ventral view, Xx. . Male (47857), dorsal view, Xv. PLATE 56. Leptograpsus variegatus, male (49057), #. Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 57. Goniopsis cruentata, male (23805), X#. Ventral view. . Dorsal view. . Anterior view. PLATE 58. Goniopsis pulchra, male (17294), X1. Ventral view. . Dorsal view. PLaTE 59. Pachygrapsus crassipes, male (32234), Xxo. Ventral view. . Dorsal view. PLATE 60. Pachygrapsus maurus, male (44529), ventral view, X38. . Pachygrapsus maurus, female (44529), dorsal view, X38. . Pachygrapsus gracilis, male (49254), ventral view, X2. PLATE 61. Fie, 1. Pachygrapsus gracilis, male (49254), dorsal view, 1%. 2. Pachygrapsus transversus, male (40825), dorsal view, X12. 38. Same, ventral view, <1. 65863—17——_28 434 Fie. Fie. Fie. Fic. es a One aoe to BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 62. Pachygrapsus marmoratus, male (14497), X13. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 63. Planes minutus, male (20695), <2. Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 64. Planes marinus, male holotype, X10. . Antero-ventral view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 65. Cyrtograpsus angulatus, male (18624), X13. Dorsal view. Ventral view. PLATE 66. Cyrtograpsus altimanus, male, X14. . Ventral view of holotype. . Dorsal view of same. . Antero-ventral view of paratype. PLATE 67. Hemigrapsus affinis, male (22104), X65. . Ventral view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view, to show chelae. PLATE 68. Hemigrapsus crenulatus, male (22102), X14. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 69. Hemigrapsus nudus, male (32233), X #. . Anterior view. . Ventral view. . Dorsal view. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 435 PLatTE 70. Hemigrapsus oregonensis, male (48818), 1}. Fic. 1. Ventral view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Anterior view. PLATE 71. Tetragrapsus jouyi, male (17496), X22. Fig. 1. Ventral view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral view, to show chelae. PLATE 72. Fig. 1. Glyptograpsus impressus, male (44174), dorsal view, X nearly 2. 2. Same, ventral view, X nearly 2. 3. Glyptograpsus jamaicensis, male holotype, dorsal view, slightly reduced. PLATE 73. Platychirograpsus typicus, male holotype, dorsal view, slightly reduced. PLATE 74, Fic. 1. Huchirograpsus americanus, male (44675), dorsal view, X23. 2. Same, ventral view, X23. PLATE 75. Sesarma (Chiromantes) africanum, male (14870). slightly enlarged. Fic. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. one PLATE 76. Sesarma (Sesarmea) verleyi, female holotype. X14. Fig. 1. Ventral view. . Dorsal view. 8. Anterior view. bo PLATE 77. Sesarma (Sesarma) reticulatum, male (455380), X13. Fie. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral view. PLATE 78. Fig. 1. Sesarma (Sesarina) curacaoense, male (17678), anterior view, 14. 2. Same, dorsal view, X12. 3. Sesarma (Sesarma) sulcatum, male (46381), chela, X#. 4. Same, dorsal view, X#. 436 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 79. Sesarma (Sesarma) rhizophorae, male (82491), X2. Fig. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral view. PLATE 80. Sesarma (Sesarma) bidentatuwm, male (82285), X1¢. Fic. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral view. PLATE 81. Sesarma (Sesarma) jarvisi, male holotype, 2. Fig. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. _ 8. Ventral view. PLATE 82. Sesarma (Holometopus) rectwm, male (47862), slightly enlarged. | Fie. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. oo) ho) PLATE 83. Sesarma (Holometopus) cinereum, male (15072), X14. Fic. 1. Antero-dorsal view. . Dorsal view. 38. Ventral view. ho Prate S84. Sesarma (Holometopus) miersii, male holotype, X13. Fic. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral view. PLATE 85. Sesarma (Holometopus) miersit iheringi, male (48299), X13. Fie. 1. Ventral view. 2. Dorsal view. PLATE 86. Sesarma (Holometopus) magdalenense, male (45793), X23. Fic. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. wonr THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 437 PLATE 87. Fic. 1. Sesarma (Holometopus) hanseni, male holotype, slightly reduced. 2. Sesarma (Holometopus) biolleyi, male holotype, dorsal view, slightly reduced. 8. Same, ventral view, slightly reduced. PuaTe 88. Sesarma (Holometopus) tampicense, male holotype, X1lis. + Fic. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral view. PLATE 89. Sesarma (Holometopus) ricordi, male (18798), X1%. . Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. on PLATE 90. Sesarma (Holometopus) angustipes. Fic. 1. Female (42876), dorsal view, X13. . Male (46084), ventral view, X13. 3. Same, anterior view, X13. bo PLATE 91. Sesarma (Holometopus) roberti, male (22108), X1,%. Wig. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. who ke PLatTs Sesarma (Holometopus) angustwm, male (82314), X2. Fic. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. oh PLATE 98. Sesarma (Holometopus) benedicti, male (22838), X1#. Fig. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. Nn oo PLATE 94, lietasesarma rubripes, male (19408), X2. Fie. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. yh - v 438 BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 95. Sarmatium curvatum, male (203809), 14. Fig. 1. Anterior view. 2. Dorsal view. 3. Ventral view. PLATE 96. Aratus pisonii, male (25559), 14. Fic. 1. Ventral view. 2. Dorsal view. PLATE 97. Fic. 1. Cyclograpsus integer, male (17669), dorsal view, <1#. . Same, ventral view, X14. . Metopaulias depressus, female (42875), dorsal view, X12. . Same, anterior view, X12. Hw OO bo et PLATE 98. Cyclograpsus cinereus, male (45520), 238. Fie. 1. Anterior view. . Dorsal view. 3 Ventral view. to PLATE 99. Cyclograpsus punctatus, male (8240), X14. Fie. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. PLATE 100. Chasmagnathus granulata, male (22109), X1rs. Fie. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. PLATE 101. Plagusia depressa, male (40609), X#. Fite. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. PLATE 102. Plagusia depressa tuberculata, male (18826), Xr. Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, 439 PxratTe 103. Plagusia immaculata, male (24758), Xxs. Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. : 8. Maxillipeds. PLaTE 104. Plagusia chabrus, male (2476), dorsal view, X7o%>. PLATE 105. Perenon gibbesi, male (48592), X#. Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. PLATE 106. Cardisoma guanhumi, male (17987), dorsal view, X74%,. PLATE 107. Cardisoma guanhumi, female (42892), ventral view, X73. PuaTE 108. Cardisoma crassum, male (4658), dorsal view, X yy. PraTE 109. Cardisoma crassum, male (4658), ventral view, X 34). PLATE 110. Ucides cordatus, male (17595), dorsal view, X#. Pate 111. Ucides cordatus, male (17595), ventral view, <+%%. PLATE 112. Ucides cordatus, female (17595), dorsal view, X14. PLATE 1138. Ucides cordatus, female (17595), ventral view, slightly enlarged. PLATE 114. Ucides occidentalis, male (2145), dorsal view, X 3. 440 Fra. 1. BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 115. Ucides occidentalis, male (2145), ventral view, Xv. PLATE 116. Ucides occidentalis, male (2145), antero-dorsal view, X xv. : PLATE 117. Gecarcinus ruricola, female (42901), dorsal view, slightly enlarged. PuaTE 118. Gecarcinus ruricola, female (42901), ventral view, X#. PLATE 119. Gecarcinus lateralis, male (11368), dorsal view, X13. PLATE 120. Gecarcinus lateralis, male (11368), ventral view, <1#. PLATE 121. Gecarcinus quadratus, male (32311), dorsal view, X14. PLATE 122. Gecarcinus quadratus, male (82811), X. Ventral view. . Ventral view showing under side of chelae. PLATE 123. Gecarcinus planatus, male (20650), dorsal view, x3. PLATE 124. Gecarcinus planatus, male (20650), ventral view, #4. PLATE 125, Gecarcinus lagostoma, male (14869), dorsal view, X §. PLATE 126. Gecarcinus lagostoma, male (14869), ventral view, X 3. PLATE 127. Ocypode albicans, male (49251), dorsal view, 1%. Fic. Fie. Fie. Frc. Fie. Fic. Fic. Fic. wonre wwe wnre to to Bp i) THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 44} PLATE 128. Ocypode albicans, male (49251), ventral view, 14. PLATE 129. . Ocypode gaudichaudii, male (17297), dorsal view, Xé. . Ocypode occidentalis, male (2016), ventral view, <#. . Same, dorsal view, X#. PLaTE 130. . Ocypode gaudichaudii, male (17297), ventral view, Xi. . Uca maracoani, male (17657), dorsal view, X xs. . Same, female (17657), dorsal view, X1#. Pirate 131. . Uca heterochelos, male (11375), anterior view, X1. . Same, dorsal view, X1. . Uca maracoani, male (17657), anterior view, X1. PLATE 132. Uca monilifera, male holotype, X<#. . Anterior view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 133. Uca princeps. . Female (20689), dorsal view, X1. . Male (20689), anterior view, X1. . Same, dorsal view, X1. PLATE 134. . Uca stylifera, male (82325), anterior view, X1. Same, dorsal view, X1. . Uca mordaw, male (21373), anterior view, X1. Same, dorsal view, X1. PLATE 135. Uca tangeri, male (14874), dorsal view. X13. PLATE 136. Uca tangeri, male (14874), X14. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. Prate 137. Uca minaz, male (17188), X13. . Anterior view. . Inner- face of chela. . Dorsal view. 4492 Fa. Fig. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fic. Fa. Fie. bo one b> w bo On ne ond BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 138. Uca brevifrons, male (32323), X14. . Outer face of chela. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 1389. Uca pugnaxz, male (3828), X1#. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 140. Uca pugnas rapaz, male (19477), X14. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 141. Uca pugilator, male (5871), X14. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 142. Uca galapagensis, male (22819), X14. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 143. Uca macrodactylus, male (32320), X2. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 144. Uca thayeri. . Female (28753), dorsal view, X2. . Male (23753), outer face of chela, X2. PLATE 145. Uca speciosa, male (15256), X2#. . Dorsal view. . Outer face of chela. . Inner face of chela. Fie. Fic. Fie. TG. Fie. Fie. Fie. Fic. ab moh Noe moo bo pt oe wh ee wre Wh ho ie ow THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA, ee PLATE 146. Uca crenulata. . Male (44580), antero-dorsal view, X2. . Same, dorsal view, X2. . Male (33415), outer face of chela, X2. . Same, inner face of chela, X2. PLATE 147. Uca coloradensis, male (18292), <2. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 148. Uca spinicarpa, male (21684), X2. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLATE 149. Uca panamensis, male (48784), X2. . Outer face of chela. Lower face of chela. . Inner face of chela. Dorsal view. PLATE 150. Uca uruguayensis, male (22194), X2. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. PLaTE 151. Uca helleri, male (24829), 3. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. Dorsal view. . Antero-dorsal view. PLATE 152. . Uca oerstedi, male holotype, anterior view, X12. . Same, dorsal view, 12. . Uca stenodactylus, male (32322), antero-dorsal view, X24. PLATE 153. Uca stenodactylus, male (32322), X24. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Dorsal view. 444 Bm Owh re... . Ventral view. Fig. wm OO DD He Fie. Hm 09 bd Fie. EIGs a: SOMDADAMIEWNHE BULLETIN 97, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 154. Uca musica, male holotype, X11. . Anterior view. . Antero-dorsal view. . Dorsal view. . Ventral view. PLATE 155. Uca subcylindrica, male (28655), X2. Dorsal view. PLATE 156. Uca leptodactyla, male (47850), X2z%. . Anterior view. . Inner face of chela. . Antero-dorsal view. . Dorsal view. PLATE 157. Uca latimanus, male (17500), X38. . Inner faceeof chela. . Outer face of chela. . Antero-dorsal view. . Dorsal view. PLATE 158. (After A. Milne Edwards.) . Glyptoplar pugnax, male, Panama, dorsal view, X about 5.) . Same, antennal and buceal regions, enlarged. Same, abdomen and last sternal segments, enlarged. Same, right chela, outer view, enlarged. Same, left chela, outer view, enlarged. Same, outer mavxilliped, enlarged. Glyptoplax smithii, male, Florida, right chela, outer view, enlarged. ee . Same, left chela, outer view, enlarged. . Same, dorsal view, * about 43. . same, abdomen and last sternal segments, enlarged. PLATE 159. Hucratopsis crassimanus, male, abdomen and sternum, slightly reduced (after Dana). . Same, right chela, slightly reduced (after Dana). . Ucides cordatus, buccal cavity and outer maxillipeds, slightly reduced (after de Haan). . Same, right outer maxilliped, slightly reduced (after de Haan). . Pinnotheres politus, female, dorsal view, X1# (after Lenz). . Speocarcinus carolinensis, male, portion of abdomen and sternum, slightly reduced (after Stimpson). wOnre AO Oe 00 NAOarwnwe oO 10. an 12. 13. 14, 15. THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA. 445 Cyrtograpsus angulaius, male, left chela, slightly reduced (after Dana). . Same, ventral view in part, slightly reduced (after Dana). . Chasmagnathus granulata, male, ventral view in part, 1% (after Dana). . Pinnotheres bipunctatus, male, dorsal view, <4 (after Nicolet). . Same, outer maxilliped, enlarged (after Nicolet). . Same, abdomen, enlarged (after Nicolet). PLATE 160. . Pachygrapsus pubescens, female, dorsal view, X about ¢ (after Heller). . Uca pugilator, male, abdomen, X about § (after Smith). . Sesarma (Sesarma) curacaoense, male holotype, abdomen, X nearly 2 (after de Man). . Pachygrapsus corrugatus, dorsal view, Xz (after von Martens). . Uca subcylindrica, male, abdomen, X about 4 (after Smith). . Uca princeps, male, abdomen, X about ~ (after Smith). . Gecarcoidea lalandii, male, dorsal view, about 4+ natural size (after Milne Edwards). . Same, ventral view of anterior portion, reduced (after Milne Edwards). Prats 161. Figures (except fig. 8) about % natural size and after Smith. Uca heteropleura, male, dorsal view of carapace and eyes. Same, right and larger chela, outer view. . Same, left and larger chela of another specimen, inner view. Same, merus of same cheliped as fig. 3, anterior surface. Uca insignis, female, type of Gelasimus ornatus Smith, anterior view. Same specimen, dorsal view of carapacé and eyes. . Uca insignis, male, type of Gelasimus armatus Smith, dorsal view of carapace and eyes. . Uca insignis, female, right outer maxilliped, enlarged (after Milne Edwards). . Uca insignis, male, type of G. armatus, left and larger chela, outer view. Same specimen, posterior right leg. Same specimen, third right leg. Same specimen, second right leg. Uca insignis, female, type of G. ornatus, posterior right leg. Same specimen, third right leg. Same specimen, second right leg. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE I TRIZOCARCINUS DENTATUS. (PAGE 18.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 425, ’ wv & U. S. NATIONAL” MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 2 BATHYPLAX TYPHLA. (PAGE 19.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 425. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 3 PILUMNOPLAX ELATA. (PAGE 23.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 425. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 4 1, 3. GONEPLAX BARBATA. (PAGE 96.) 2,4. G. SIGSBEI. (PAGE 26.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 425. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 5 GONEPLAX BARBATA. (PAGE 26.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 425. iy BULLETIN 97 PLATE 6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 1, 2. PRIONOPLAX ATLANTICA.” (PAGE 30.) 3, 4. TETRAPLAX QUADRIDENTATA. (PAGE 32.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 425. Fe U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM EURYPLAX NITIDA. (PAGE 34.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 425, BULLETIN 97 PLATE 7 U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 8 SPEOCARCINUS CAROLINENSIS. (PAGE 39.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 9 SPEOCARCINUS GRANULIMANUS. (PAGE 40.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 10 |. SPEOCARCINUS OSTREARICOLA. (PAGE 41.) 2,3. S. CALIFORNIENSIS. (PAGE 42.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE II CYRTOPLAX SPINIDENTATA. (PAGE 46.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426. — U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 12 1,2. PANOPLAX DEPRESSA. (PAGE 47.) 3. EUCRATOPSIS CRASSIMANUS. (PAGE 52. ) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 13 3 1, 2. OFDIPLAX GRANULATA. (PAGE 44.) 3, 4. GLYPTOPLAX SMITHI!. (PAGE 51.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 14 1, 2. CHASMOCARCINUS OBLIQUUS. (PAGE 58.) 3. PSEUDORHOMBILA OCTODENTATA. (PAGE 43.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426, . ‘ *. . * @ { ’ “2: “y ‘ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 15 |, 2. PINNOTHERES HOLMES!I. (PAGE 68.) 3-6. P. OSTREUM. (PAGE 66.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 16 1-4. PINNOTHERES GEDDES!I. (PAGE 70.) 5,6. P. ANGELICUS. (PAGE 72.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 426. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 17 |, 2. PINNOTHERES DEPRESSUS. (PAGE 79.) 3-6. P. MACULATUS. (PAGE 74.) 7, 8. P. PUGETTENSIS. (PAGE 82.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 427. 7 i * yn ae 7) ee a P98 o i a Pe Ra? Dal x one . 7 “3 fi _ , by gh a / . c. - . : « : .- TH . 4, sett ek a = ‘ . eS S : z £ 5 ~ samt! S is < nee ; b ' a - - _ it RS . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE [8 |. PINNOTHERES PUGETTENSIS. (PAGE 82.) 2,3. P. MULINIARUM. (PAGE 81.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 427, BULLETIN 97 PLATE 19 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 1-7. PINNOTHERES SERRE!. (PAGE 84.) 8-Il. P. BARBATUS. (PAGE 88.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 427, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 20 1, 2. PINNOTHERES STROMBI. (PAGE 90.) 3-6. P. CONCHARUM. (PAGE 86.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 427. = . he ; . Ve ee Pi mae ae A 4 / . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 2l 1, 2. PINNOTHERES RETICULATUS. (PAGE 93.) 38,4. P. MOSERI. (PAGE 94.) 5-8. P. TAYLORI. (PAGE 97.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 427. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 22 1-4. PINNOTHERES SHOEMAKERI. (PAGE 95.) 5,6. P. ORCUTTI. (PAGE 98.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 428, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 23 PINNOTHERES HEMPHILLI. (PAGE 99.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 428. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 24 I, 3. FABIA SUBQUADRATA. (PAGE 102.) 2, 4. F. LOWEI. (PAGE 104.) 5, 7. F. CANFIELDI. (PAGE 106.) 6, 8. F. BYSSOMIAE. (PAGE 105.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 428. ¥ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 25 I-83. PINNAXODES MEINERTI. (PAGE 177.) 4-10. PARAPINNIXA BOUVIER!. (PAGE III.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 428, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 26 I-5. PARAPINNIXA HENDERSONI. (PAGE 109.) 6, 7. DISSODACTYLUS NITIDUS. (PAGE I16.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 428, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 27 1-4. DISSODACTYLUS ENCOPE!. (PAGE 119.) 5-8. D. BORRADAILE!. (PAGE 121.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 428. x4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 28 3, 4. D. ALCOCKI. (PAGE 124.) (PAGE 125.) 7,8. D. MELLITAE. (PAGE I17.) 1, 2. DISSODACTYLUS STEBBINGI. (PAGE 123.) 5, 6. D. CALMANI. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 429. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 29 I-38. PINNIXA TRANSVERSALIS. (PAGE 131.) 4-7. P. FAXONI. (PAGE 133.) 8,9. P. CRISTATA. (PAGE 134.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 429 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 87 PLATE 30 1-3. PINNIXA PATAGONIENSIS. (PAGE 135.) 4-7. P. FLORIDANA. (PAGE 138.) 8. P. TOMENTOSA. (PAGE I41.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 429, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 3] 1-4, PINNIXA FABA. (PAGE 142.) 5-8, P. LITTORALIS. (PAGE 145.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 429. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 32 PINNIXA BARNHARTI. (PAGE 149.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 429. SP 7 id 5 , : J ‘ lee F 7 > R . , ¥ ; = ‘ . a x > ; , ‘ Ps 5 q 2 a - 7 ° ‘ nO | a | | ; 1 i * 7 ‘ * . . . C ‘ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 33 |, 2. PINNIXA VALDIVIENSIS. (PAGE 154.) 3-6. P. CHAETOPTERANA. (PAGE [51.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 430. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 34 |. PINNIXA OCCIDENTALIS. (PAGE 155.) 2-4. P. SAYANA. (PAGE 1[56.) 5, 6. P. VALDIVIENSIS. (PAGE 1[54.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 430, ae PS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 35 1-4. PINNIXA FRANCISCANA. (PAGE I6I.) 5, 8. P. CYLINDRICA. (PAGE 159.) 6, 7,9. P. SCHMITTI. (PAGE 162.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 430. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 36 1-4. PINNIXA HIATUS. (PAGE 164.) 5-8. P. TUBICOLA. (PAGE 1[65.) 9, 10. P. WEYMOUTHI. (PAGE 166.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 430, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 37 1-3. SCLEROPLAX GRANULATA. (PAGEEI7I.) 4, 5. OPISTHOPUS TRANSVERSUS. (PAGE 173.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 430. ¢ / sy a : . +» a ” —_——-— aed - ‘ . m “ i a - A S A pote c ah < : oS : . ‘ | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 38 PINNAXODES CHILENSIS. (PAGE 175.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 431. ; * mite yt ? U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 39 i-3. PINNOTHERELIA LAEVIGATA. (PAGE I8I.) 4, 5. TETRIAS SCABRIPES. (PAGE 17S.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 431. S i ; A, 7 a 7 a ae , aL ssi “ . 5 = x Shr? . ' . » . : ie p t A . . Pe - . ‘ BULLETIN 97 PLATE 40 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM |, 2. PINNOTHERELIA LAEVIGATA. (PAGE I8!.) 3, 4. CYMOPOLIA SICA. (PAGE 208.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 431. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 41 1, 2. PINNIXA RETINENS. (PAGE 139.) 3, 4. CYMOPOLIA FLORIDANA. (PAGE 220.) For EX®LANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 431, Se ; $2 M4, ‘a a it sila? 7a U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 42 CYMOPOLIA ALTERNATA. (PAGE 188.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 43]. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 43 3 i CYMOPOLIA ALTERNATA. (PAGE 188.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE Pace 43]. = a we polly U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 44 1, 2. CYMOPOLIA LUCASII. (PAGE 193.) 3. C. ZONATA. (PAGE 190.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 431. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 45 |. CYMOPOLIA ZONATA. (PAGE 190.) 2,3. C. FAXONI. (PAGE 194.) For EXPLANATION oF PLATE SEE PAGE 432, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 46 a) CYMOPOLIA AFFINIS. (PAGE 196.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 432, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 47 1, 2, CYMOPOLIA BAHAMENSIS. (PAGE 200.) 3.C. AFFINIS. (PAGE 196.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 432, U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 48 1, 2. CYMOPOLIA RATHBUNI. (PAGE 198.) 3,4. C.1ISTHMIA. (PAGE 201.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 432. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 CYMOPOLIA OBESA. (PAGE 205.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 432. PLATE 49 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 50 CYMOPOLIA GRACILIS. (PAGE 218.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 4382. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 5l 1. CYMOPOLIA GRACILIS. (PAGE 218.) 2,3. C. FRAGILIS. (PAGE 213.) FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 432. u BULLETIN 97 PLATE 52 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 1, 2. CYMOPOLIA CURSOR. (PAGE 215.) 3,4. C. GRACILIPES. (PAGE DO) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 432. PLATE 53 BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "8p A9vd Jas 3lvid AO NOILVNW1dxa yO (L6G ANVd) ‘SNSdVYHD SNSdVus) PLATE 54 BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “€Ep AOvd aaS 3LVIa aw NOILVNV1dX3 HO (L6G ADWd) ‘“SNSdvYS SNSdVYuH U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEETINGST, S PEATE SS GEOGRAPSUS LIVIDUS. (PAGE 232.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 433, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 56 LEPTOGRAPSUS VARIEGATUS. (PAGE 234.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 433, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 57 GONIOPSIS CRUENTATA. (PAGE 237.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 433, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 58 GONIOPSIS PULCHRA. (PAGE 239.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 433, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 59 PACHYGRAPSUS CRASSIPES. (PAGE 241.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 433, BULLETIN 97 PLATE 60 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 1, 2. PACHYGRAPSUS MAURUS. (PAGE 244.) 3. P. GRACILIS. (PAGE 249.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 433. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 61 |. PACHYGRAPSUS GRACILIS. (PAGE 249.) 2,3. P. TRANSVERSUS. (PAGE 244.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 433, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 62 PACHYGRAPSUS MARMORATUS. (PAGE 250.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEF PAGE 434, a ‘ r U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 63 PLANES MINUTUS. (PAGE 253.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 434, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 64 PLANES MARINUS. (PAGE 258.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 434, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 65 CYRTOGRAPSUS ANGULATUS. (PAGE 261.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 434, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 66 CYRTOGRAPSUS ALTIMANUS. (PAGE 262.) FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 434. BULLETIN 97 PLATE 67 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM HEMIGRAPSUS AFFINIS. (PAGE 264. ) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 434. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 68 HEMIGRAPSUS CRENULATUS. (PAGE 266.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 434, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 69 HEMIGRAPSUS NUDUS. (PAGE 267.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 434, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 70 HEMIGRAPSUS OREGONENSIS. (PAGE 270.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 71 TETRAGRAPSUS JOUYI. (PAGE 278.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435, U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 72 |, 2. GLYPTOGRAPSUS IMPRESSUS. (PAGE 275.) 3. G. JAMAICENSIS. (PAGE 277.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435, ee eo tae ® « PLATE 73 BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "Gp 39Vd ASS Alvid 40 NOILVNW1dxa3 HO-+ C816 ADVd) “SNOIdAL SNSdVYDOYUIHOALV 1d U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 74 EUCHIROGRAPSUS AMERICANUS. (PAGE 282.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 75 SESARMA (CHIROMANTES) AFRICANUM. (PAGE 287.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435. os oe hel af. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 76 SESARMA (SESARMA) VERLEYI. (PAGE 288.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 77 SESARMA (SESARMA) RETICULATUM. (PAGE 290. ) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 78 1, 2. SESARMA (SESARMA) CURACAOENSE. (PAGE 293.) 3, 4. S. (S.) SULCATUM. (PAGE 289.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 435, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 79 SESARMA (SESARMA) RHIZOPHORAE. (PAGE 294.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 80 ns SESARMA (SESARMA) BIDENTATUM. (PAGE 295.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 81 SESARMA (SESARMA) JARVISI. (PAGE 296.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 82 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) RECTUM. (PAGE 298.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436. . Ss) ) ' s ‘ ' . ; st} 1 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 83 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) CINEREUM. (PAGE 300.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 84 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) MIERSII. (PAGE 303.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 85 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) MIERSI! IHERINGI. (PAGE 304.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 86 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) MAGDALENENSE. (PAGE 805.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 436, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 87 1. SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) HANSEN!. (PAGE 315.) 2,3. S. (H.) BIOLLEYI. (PAGE 306.) : For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 487. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 88 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) TAMPICENSE. (PAGE°307.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 487, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 89 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) RICORDI. (PAGE 308.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 437, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 90 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ANGUSTIPES. (PAGE 31/1.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 437. ae Oe iu oa + . ya es i> ee =p al ‘ “ 7 —P ai 7 : * i” sys ; > r ee Tey . - ¥ ‘ : ao : ‘ = => p , ee ‘ ‘ . . . ’ j he 4 2 a My ’ ‘ ‘ + my, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 9I SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ROBERTI. (PAGE 312.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 437. .~ U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 92 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ANGUSTUM. (PAGE 314.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 437. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 93 SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) BENEDICTI. (PAGE 316.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 487. ~ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 94 METASESARMA RUBRIPES. (PAGE 319.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 437. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 95 SARMATIUM CURVATUM. (PAGE 321.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 96 ARATUS PISONII. PAGE 323.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUPEERINGST (PEATE 97 1, 2. CYCLOGRAPSUS INTEGER. (PAGE 326.) 3, 4. METOPAULIAS DEPRESSUS. (PAGE 318.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 98 CYCLOGRAPSUS CINEREUS. (PAGE 327.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 99 CYCLOGRAPSUS PUNCTATUS. (PAGE 328.) For EXPLANATION 29F PLATE SEE PAGE 438. BULLETIN 97 PLATE 100 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM CHASMAGNATHUS GRANULATA. (PAGE 329.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE IOI PLAGUSIA DEPRESSA. (PAGE 332.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 102 PLAGUSIA DEPRESSA TUBERCULATA. (PAGE 324.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438, U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 103 PLAGUSIA IMMACULATA. (PAGE 335.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 439. 104 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U.S. NA TIONAL MUSEUM ‘6p AOVd 3as (C9EE ADVd) 31V1id 40 NOILVNV1dxX3 HO “SNYAEVHO VISNOVId * hae = By terse BULLETIN 97 PLATE 105 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM es PERCNON GIBBESI. (PAGE 337.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 439. 106 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘6Ep BOVd ABS BlWid 4O NOILWNV1dx3 YO4 Cive 39Vd) “IWODHNVYNS VWWOSIGHYVYD 107 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “6E% aovd BaS 3lvid 4O NOILVNW1dxa HO4 C Ive A9Vd) “IWOHNWND VWOSIGYVD 108 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “6p 39VaG 3as 3Lvid 4O NOILYNV1dxX3 HO CSvE A9Vd) ‘WNSSVYHO VWWOSIGUVD 109 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘6Lp AOVd 3as (GbE ADVd) BLlvid dO NOILVNW1GxXa HO4 ‘WNSSVHO VWOSIGUVD 110 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “6E CLy€E ANVd) ‘SNLVdYOO sadion p a9vd 34S alvid 4G NOILWNVW1dx3 yo PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "6Ep 30Vd 33S AlVid JO NOILYNW1dx3 HOY CLpEe 39Vd) ‘SNnivgduoo sadion PLATE 112 97 BULLETIN U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “6Ep AQVd AES 3LVid 4AO NOILWNV1dxa yO Clp& 3A9Vd) ‘“SNivayoo saqion 113 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "6p ASVd AAS AlWwitd AO NOILVNW1dX3 HO CLVE 39Vd) ‘“SNivadHOO SAdion 114 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 6@p 30vd Bas alvid sO NOILVNV1dx3 4HO4 COGE ADVd) SIIVLNAGIO00 SSCION ~ 115 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Opp 3DVd 33S 3lVid JO NOILWNV1dx3 HO Cosge S9Vd) "SIIVLNAGIOOO SACION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 116 (PAGE 350.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 440, UCIDES OCC!DENTALIS. U. S. NATIONAL Nee te. lis MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 117 (PAGE 352.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 440, GECARCINUS RURICOLA. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 118 (PAGE 352.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 440. GECARCINUS RURICOLA. Re 119 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Obb 39Vd 33S 3LWid 4O NOILWNWidxXS YOY (GSE 3A9Vd) “SIIVESLYT SNNIOYVOSRS , ia Ro i | ae . te. es ee PRY 120 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "Obp 39¥d ASS 3lWid JO NOILWNW1dxa HOY Cage ADVd) “SITWYSLVT SNNIOYVOAS) 121 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Opp 39vVd 338 Alvild 4O NOILVNV1dxa HOY (89€ ASVd) “SNLVYGVND SNNIDYVOS5 *. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 122 GECARCINUS QUADRATUS. (PAGE 358.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 440, BULLETIN 97 PLATE 1238 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Obp 30vd aas ALV1d 4O NOILVNV1dxX3 YO+4 C6SE BDVd) ‘“SNLVNV1d SNNIOYVOAD SS ae 124 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Obp 39vVd 33S 3lvid 4O NOILWNW1dxa HO (6SE 3A9Vd) ‘“SNLVNVW1d SNNiDYVOARS) 125 PLATE BULLETIN 97 WATIONAL MUSEUM US: “Obb 39Vd SSS 3lvid JO NOILVNW1dx3 YO CI9€ A9Vd) *‘VINOLSOSV1 SNNIOYVOAE) \ 126 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Opp 39vd Sas AlWid JO NOILWNV1dx]a HO+ C1I9€ ASVd) “VINOLSODV1 SNNIOYVOSRS) PLATE 127 BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “Obb 39vd 3aS SlVid 4O NOILYNV1dx3 yO CLOE ADVd) ‘“SNVOISIV AdOdADO : . #4 oo } { } ! U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 128 (PAGE 367.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 44], OCYPODE ALBICANS. ; 7 abinyps = U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 129 |. OCYPODE GAUDICHAUDII. (PAGE 373.) 2,3. O. OCCIDENTALIS. (PAGE 372.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 44], —_— U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 130 1. OCYPODE GAUDICHAUDI!. (PAGE 373.) 2,3. UCA MARACOANI. (PAGE 378.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 44], U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 13I 1, 2. UCA HETEROCHELOS. (PAGE 381.) 3. U.MARACOANI. (PAGE 378.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 44], mit U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 1382 UCA MONILIFERA. (PAGE 380.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 44], BULLETIN 97 PLATE 133 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM UCA PRINCEPS. (PAGE 382.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 441. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 134 |, 2. UCA STYLIFERA. (PAGE 383.) 3, 4. U. MORDAX. (PAGE 391.) Fora EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 44]. 135 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM "lbp 39vd Sas alvid JO NOILWNV¥1dX3a YO-J CL8E 39Vd) “INS9ONVL VON ie > ig ee OR Se eee eS Ne eng ae ea Ae NE 136 PLATE BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “lov 39Vd 33S 3LV1id JO NOILVNVW1dx4 yO4 (186 3DVd) ‘IYSONVL VO") U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 137 UCA MINAX. (PAGE 389.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 44]. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 138 UCA BREVIFRONS. (PAGE 393.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, U. S. NATIONAL. MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 139 UCA PUGNAX. (PAGE 395.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 140 UCA PUGNAX RAPAX. (PAGE 397. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE I4I UCA PUGILATOR. (PAGE 400.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, ~ a U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 142 UCA GALAPAGENSIS. (PAGE 403.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, 208 =>) . ‘ s ~ , . " U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 143 UCA MACRODACTYLUS. (PAGE 404.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 144 UCA THAYERI. (PAGE 406.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 145 UCA SPECIOSA. (PAGE 408.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 442, a P U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 146 UCA CRENULATA. (PAGE 409.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 147 UCA COLORADENSIS. (PAGE 410.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 148 ! UCA SPINICARPA. (PAGE 411.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 149 UCA PANAMENSIS. (PAGE 412.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443. | } j | i U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 150 UCA URUGUAYENSIS. (PAGE 413.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE I5I UCA HELLERI. (PAGE 415.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443, & U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 152 1,2. UCA OERSTED!. (PAGE 414.) 3. UCA STENODACTYLUS. (PAGE 416.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443, ” U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 153 UCA STENODACTYLUS. (PAGE 416.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 443, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 154 UCA MUSICA. (PAGE 417.) FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 444, \ | i PLATE 155 BULLETIN 97 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ( “bbb 39vd aas alvwid 4o NOILVNV1dxa HO 6Iv 39DVd) ‘VOIYGNITADSNS VON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 156 UCA LEPTODACTYLA. (PAGE 420.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 444, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 157 UCA LATIMANUS. (PAGE 422.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 444, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 158 1-6. GLYPTOPLAX PUGNAX. (PAGE 50.) 7-10. G. SMITHII. (PAGE 51.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 444, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 159 1, 2. EUCRATOPSIS CRASSIMANUS. (PAGE 52.) 3,4. UCIDESCORDATUS. (PAGE 347.) 5. PINNOTHERES POLITUS. (PAGE 71.) 6. SPEOCARCINUS CAROLINENSIS. (PAGE 39.) 7,8. CYRTOGRAPSUS ANGULATUS. (PAGE 261.) 9. CHASMAGNATHUS GRANU- LATA. (PAGE 329.) 10—-!2. PINNOTHERES BIPUNCTATUS. (PAGE 78.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 444-445, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE 160 \ me SES et Reyes S) a 1. PACHYGRAPSUS PUBESCENS. (PAGE 252.) 2. UCA PUGILATOR. (PAGE 400.) 3. SESARMA (SESARMA) CURACAOENSE. (PAGE 293.) 4. P.CORRUGATUS. (PAGE 252.) 5. U.SUBCYLINDRICA. (PAGE 419.) 6. U.PRINCEPS. (PAGE 382.) 7,8. GECAR- COIDEA LALANDII. (PAGE 364.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 445, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 97 PLATE I6I 1-4. UCA HETEROPLEURA. (PAGE 385.) 5-I5. U.INSIGNIS. (PAGE 385.) For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 445, INDEX. A. Page. Acanthoplax........... Renee ceeee ererciaie tats 375 ASIEN Ge as oe rc Leer eee 375, 385 BRPISREOBIE Soom eae eet ca hy 337 ClawInAn ecient aimee a 337 PIDDOSIer oe: cesmen nace tence s. 337 acutifrons, Cymopolia................. 184, 186, 223 Ealictisye cecee eek ee eke” 223 advena, Pachygrapsus....................... 245 sequatoriale, Sesarma.................. 13, 285, 287 Sesarma (Sesarma)..........__. 292 aequatorialis, Sesarma....................... 292 affinis, Cymopolia................. 184, 185, 196, 432 elasimus rece ncce cect eee 391 emioransnsss: ee. ae ee 264, 266, 434 PGMCHS ete eee ee oo eee 196 arapinnixatc coc: coe sleet 12, 107, 111 Pinnixare suse ve ooh Tae 12, 130, 131, 168 puneana, Besarmat ?. 202.05 ee 287 africanum, Sesarma.......................... 285 Sesarma ( Chiromantes)........ 287, 435 Sesarma (Perisesarma)_........... 287 PeSieRESMOURE. O06 .f ol} 196, 197 Peper PANO ee ons csc ces ne, tn 196 agricola, Gecarcinus......................... 352 albeola, Charitonetta........................ 172 albicans, Ocypode.. 13, 366, 367, 368, 372, 373, 440, 441 pu bexecninug..2-. 3 176,177 alcocki, Dissodactylus................. 115, 124, 429 Ppa ernie crete ae ae) 8 eee 105 2USLS LOG ne 72 SSOUNEURIGODTOSSTN. << .- os. 332 alternata, Cymopolia................. Se ecicets 12, 184, 185, 188, 191, 194, 196, 431 alternatus, Palicus..................... 188, 196, 198 miGtieoas, Grapsus..-.--2.....0......-..0... 227, 230 altimanus, Cyrtograpsus............... 261, 262, 434 BMAZOUCNSIS GUCH- te. sa: -2652i se ecco oes. e 391 americana, Pilumnoplax..................... 21 Rosanne: ssoceue rs siecle 311, 312 americanus, Euchirograpsus........... 282, 283, 435 RAEN O Dax ase sees cece 21 oo FSD aye a a 166 INIA Reema gece he 152 angelica, Pinnotheres........................ 72 angelicus, Pinnotheres.......... 63, 65, 66, 70, 72, 426 angulatus, Cyrtograpsus.... 13, 260, 261, 263, 434, 445 angusta, Cymopolia............... 184, 186, 210, 212 DOSATIMAS eters 314 angustatus, Nautilograpsus.................. 254 angustipes, Sesarma........... 286, 287, 303, 308, 311 Sesarma (Holometopus).... 13,311, 437 angustum, Sesarma................. 13, 286, 287, 313 Sesarma (Holometopus)........ 314, 437 angustus, Palicus.......... Reece eadeesne elo PATINGHOS secs cess oc: 62, 76, 132, 137, 138, 152, 166 Page. annulipes, Gelasimus.................. 404, 405, 417 ROMO Seip oc ee cet ee il ansoni, Leptograpsus........................ 234 SIU aneuan sees aha tte 226, 322 pisoni Ak see c eee 13, 322, 323, 438 SEALY DEMS. yor oct sce oe oe een 323 SNECODNGTOS! -> ower bo Ct eae eee 62 PRILONSIg ee eee ear ee ee 62 archicay Saxitavar.. co. .t aussie ene ae 106 Arenas Miya cis aces ee 76, 86, 87, 103, 148 Ocypotacna ta ameseer acon ee 368, 369 srenarius,; Cancerssy.s 2. cee ee ee 367 Ocypodesnas acces aac tee 368 arenata “Wiosomal.t2 7.20.2) eee ee 144, 150 AT eRICOIMCristathesse cso eames) te een 159, 160 arenicolasTipsomas-o:- 25) oe 144, 150 Molpadia: cater e iene sae 144, 150 RECOPTANSIIG.: coe em Aun uk) AS CN ew Renee 275 jamaicensis) .--......-....._.- 275, 277 aristatus, Lithodomus....................... 73,74 lithophaperss: ss emer et 73, 74 armatum, Cardisoma...................-.... 343 armatus, Gelasimus............... 378, 385, 387, 445 SOIC ae 32 jane Meese oe sae he ae ee 105 Ascidiany ip lacks. = eras tae. eee eee 94,95 ASCIGIANS SC cas pete eter me 61, 87, 247, 250 2S D1d OPTADSUSS esis hs) rene ae ene 278 EYPICUS =o aeheca eee Mee 278 ALGleCyOlidae 2 seen ee cca et oe eee 14 atlantica, Prionoplax.................... 12, 30, 425 atlanticus, Prionoplax....................... 30 audouinii, Cyclograpsus..................... 329 B. bahamensis, Cymopolia........... 184, 185, 200, 432 (Palicus® (waiter ccs ae eee 200 patbata, Hrevilleanscces ss at ae e 2 meena 25, 26 Goneplaxe: ows sascnseee eee 25, 26, 27, 425 Pinnouheres see see esac cee eae ee 88 DOSAING 5 ee eaes sol ee eee 328 barbatus, Gnathochasmus................. 325, 328 FPInnOLheress. sec cess ce 63, 65, 88, 427 barbiger, Gecarcinus-.5s5-eeee ee eee 352 IPATaXAUUHUS so <5 he- cece ase 352 barbimana, Sesarma......................... 298 barbimanum, Sesarma...................... 286 Sesarma (Sesarma)............ 298 barbimanus, Heterograpsus................. 266 barnharti, Pinnixa................ 130, 144, 149, 429 Bathyplaxc chase seman etc eae nt eee eee ee 16,19 UV DUA rasacsteare sode oe eee 19, 425 UR e111 Cs eas pes A 5 oS ae be nena 19 typhlus, var. oculiferus........... 19 PIOUGE CER E eas Stan e ee re 308 beaufortensis, Parapinnixa................ 107, 112 448 INDEX. Page. Page. Bell-animaleuleg. fos seas bees eee CS CANCER TSE Seis Lr Me Ae Cunard aie camer Seana 70 benedieti|Sesanmac s-eesseecesonccecdeeee 286, 319 SFONAMUS. Uses ecco esor cee eee 367 Sesarma (Holometopus).....-.-- 316, 437 chabruse.t. coc: weceence acco ereeeer 336 bertheloti, Leptograpsus.....- SUE ereiaaeines 250 Cordatusy 5525 sac neecceeaicte 341, 342, 347 bidens; 'Chiromantes:oas.cssccececeaeeteeces 284 Gepressuss< hiss: ses gatos es seteeeacene 332 Pach ysomasa ve sciseee ce ceeecatinceeny 284 femoraliss) 2). aos20eechcotseodeneeme 250 Besarmia aoc scecscccecden voce eceeeoes 284 glaberrimus.). ooo eanceme sauce 254 pidentata, Sesarmassc-ccscccs sencielseseecoer 295 PTANDSUN Ss 24 once cesceee ceenne ees 227 bidentatumySesarma ccc a. sseceeceesee eee 286 (Grapsus) ‘erapsuSze-ccaces eee eseees 227 Sesarma (Sesarma)...... sees 295,436 MALMOLALMSS ce Jesus seas os aae tee 250, 267 Dbiolleyl; Sesarma -/222cc canaeccesneeeeteeene 342 guanhumi........... 13, 341, 345, 424, 439 C. Quadratei oi caocecewen te te eceee 342 Cardita borealis ses. snes cree cence eres 86, 87 Caenocentrotus gibbosus................--- 176, 177 2) carnifex, Cardisoma oc. .cscssceseeeseoeese= 343 Callloti, Pelocarcinus 2 .ceeesseceere-ceaeees 364 Gecarcinus.......---+.++-+-++s20-0- 341 Guilfornicas Miyacee ener eee eco eee 87 | carolinensis, Speocarcinus. -... 12,38,39, 41, 426, 444 BR olag te oeeaee en cet 104 | caronii, Cymopolia.......................... a californicus, Stichopus...............-..---.- 174 | Catometopa.......- +--+ ++ +-+eeeeeeee ese rece californiensis, Eucrate..........-...2..--+--- 4g | Ceratophthalma..........-----.+-++--+--2+ oe ceratophthalma............. 366 PINNIXA sss eters ce ee 155, 157, 166 ME eT 366 ; Bpeccarcinus..-.+.----<--- eee ceratophthalma, Ceratophthalma............ 366 Callianassa......--.--++-+e-2eeeeeeeeeee eres a Ooypades tty ce22eieases 366, 372 Calling Crab........2.....0.se0-eeeee eee enone 374 Parocypods. sseseaseeeeeeee 366 calmani, Dissodactylus.............--- 115,125,429 | Ceratoplax ciliata............0eeeeeeeeeeeeee 16 Calyptraed; SpOClOs = cjecamsjcctoee aneaee cesern= 72 Sys rae acon G7 AGh 2d aaa 16 CAMPAnIS ee cecee cece cee sect sa esec acme 189 Ghabrus; Cancer ss2-. cess ect soseaeae sees 336 Cancellus marinus minimus quadratus....... 253 PIQCUSIO < s 2ecescaree ameter 332, 336, 439 ge INDEX. Page. BRO HESUOUMIAE AC aia ciple. cw em sig oe oiate piaiaie st) Pate 423 GUIENTAlG Ss ean wtace tem cisinte sere 423 ehaetopterana, Pinnixa............ 130, 151, 158, 430 MU NRCLOPUCLIIS).crcin s,s sninels n cuits sisiciajesinie sis 78, 132, 133 pergamentaceus....... 76, 151, 152, 153 BUPA ARZALLIS siciccccs'ciciociie cic cisiaesisbicices vs'e 66 MACELOPM Yl acrcee ccc celcineceinecaaels 66 BOBO AMV Ase te ciiccc tesacic seis ucsicsicvicdice cece 240 Charitonetiaalbeola....ccsscccscccesccwcnscs 172 AGHASIMASMAGHUS =) bcc cn c-cul oncecsle.c cnivie'sjaines 226, 329 CONVEXUS Ecce cc sceinine eae wera 329 PANU atasccas cena cons 329, 438 STANIUIAGUS Ee ecw ee eee seeae 329, 445 KUHASMOCATCINUS <<. 52 cence ccssccecccweces 16, 54, 55 evlindricussasscus easssseeee 55, 59 JAUIPES sejaeacccaciosiecise 12, 55, 57, 59 ODMGUNS Sereciea%s 5/101 <1 55, 58, 426 PY PIGUS oye. ste cece cies 12, 54, 55, 57, 59 RUBS IMO OLA cieriome siaise a\eicis'esinaivivisysisinis/aisicicia= 16,37 macrophthalma................ 37 MBNUENSIS) WADIA Sf < osc cieccivc sissciinclese sss 175, 176 PinnaxodeS:. 5 .c.csc0sae' 174, 175, 177, 431 IPINMNOPHELES Sj. ws ee seis.o cle eelswicwictewe 175 Binracra | SOSAlIN wi coc canis atieiciialareiee ee «= 316,317 SUHITOMANUES Sch ec ccs Soc Gaehpaincents 284, 285, 287 IDIdeNS a soe as tes cnc cieee es 284 PCiccabamicrolineatas | 36 cruentata, Goniopsis............ 18, 226, 237, 240, 433 cruentatus, Goniograpsus..........-.......-- 237 GUMIOpsiSscceswe ance so'sa ep anata 239 WIA DSS eaehaamcacheaawes cakes 237 Grapsus (Goniopsis)..........--. 237 Cry plophryseesses sence ceneaascnsenssaseaeets 62,63 PORCHARUIN sence episan anes eaies 62, 86 450 Page. Cryptophrys pubescens......-...-..-- Laces 87 WUC DOr Okan. ce jean eeaeceee seein 149, 150 ecuracaoonse, Sesarma............-.- 13, 285, 287, 294 Sesarma (Sesarmi).....-.. 292, 435, 445 curacadeusis, SOSAIMa). 652..5.52.55. cece cscs 293 cursor, Coratophthalma..-.......5..-...-.-.- 366 Cymopolia..... 184, 186, 215, 218, 219, 220, 432 PACU Se ase cea nesets De ars cit sre ae 235 CUrvata, SOSALMAl ses eee eases os ae 321,322 curvatiim, Sarmaitnmnesss2t 2.2 tease once 321,435 Sesarma (Sormatium).......-.... 321 Curvatus, Metagransus-.. 25.22.22 -35<---e. 321 CHAMGUS. PaaMCM sents cece eaecws oeenew slate are 254 Oy Cloerapsacea: 2. ass cck cee sesceese dans 260, 285 Wy ChogrepSuse atom eee sew ne cece ei 226, 325 QUGOWINIT sores ones em eee Cl 329 Cinereusiss sce /<12 18,325, 327, 328, 438 Crenulattis yt: oes eee 2 ee 266 rie therionrest hes woes idl integers eyes 13,325, 326, 328, 488 MMIATITOL AGUS ia wince cise ere esis 267 WUTNIGUS oe Sas oe ae neers 328 punctatus........-.- 325,327, 328, 438 CV CIOINGUU A Me aoe eae cs oe sie eel 9 CVLNGNICR, INGEN. ater aie setae teenie 12, 128, 129, 131, 138, 129, 151, 156, 159, 430 cylindricum, Pimnotheres.........-....-.-..- 159 eylindricus, Chasmocarcinus...........-..... 55, 59 Cymopolin ee eee eee ee 6,14, 183, 185 BWCULULONISE eee enewcemoe se 184, 186, 223 miimighss ssteec eee .- 184, 185, 196, 432 mIternAta: Meese Son ace see eens 12, 184, 185, 188, 191, 194, 196, 431 BIISUSUA Ste ete oeeccn s.. 184,186, 216, 212 bahamensis........---- 184, 185, 200, 432 CAR ONO tere tate eaten ene etait 183 CHISUALIPIOS=.c hose nel cote 184, 185, 186 cursor...... 184, 186, 215, 218, 219, 220, 432 Gentatastew. 7 <-2- cans 184, 185, 196, 202 Gepressa tet cseew cee ase 184, 186, 212, 213 ilagtatass2ss Shas ace ee clei 215, 218 faxonieeesse ost 12,184, 185, 193, 194, 432 floridana< 2: -ccsss.2s 184, 186, 220, 431 fravilise ee eee. 184, 186, 213,215, 432 gracilipes........-.. 184,186, 221, 223, 432 pracilis............- 184, 186, 218, 220, 432 sth mis ssi ss tees 184, 185, 201, 432 MICASH seers eter: 12,184, 185,195, 431 obesa....-.. 12, 184, 185, 204, 205, 207, 432 rathbuni........... 184, 185, 198, 200, 432 SiGahcees ene 184, 186, 208, 219, 211, 212,431 tubercilata.......-- 12,149, 184, 185, 207 zonath.....- 12, 184, 185, 190, 192, 431, 432 Gymopoliidae:-22 2222: -- o-oo =e = 10, 12, 15, 182 Cy Tithii@eras semen cee tae ee ane rears 82 RG YT CORT A PSUiS eer seme ne are otal te ete tare ere 225, 260 SitimanUsi coe soe ane 261, 262, 434 angulatus..... 13, 260, 262, 265, 434, 445 cirripes....- chal Sraetotel cert ote 261 , 262 Cyrtoplaweces cece st cccete scene er 16, 45 Spinidentata:= 3. se--e ss 45, 46,426 D: Deaf-ear Crab......----.------ Perea 598 DECOR DOCS screen scien tere ea eee ll declivifrons, Grapsus........-.-.--...-----.- 245 INDEX. a i RE ee RY A RR A A A A A RR RN A ~ Page. dentata, Cymopolia................ 184,185,196, 202 dentatus, ‘Carcinoplax:.. 2.2.25 - scree 13 Palions: 225,020" oe sae eee 202 TriZOCATCINUS! Le saeese oe 17,18, 425 7 depressa, Cymopolia............... 184, 186, 212, 213 PUNODIARG tLe teed vote aee ee 47,49,426 Piiilyrys a2 seets Mech eee eae B31 Plasdslas sss 331,332, 234,335,438 ar or aa et Me 62,63,79 depressiim, Pinnotheres...............-..... 79 depressus; “Alpheus .22-5... oocs soo. 2. conecere 333. Cancerets a So aoa ts ee eee 332 Gecercinass con. sees shtes See 355.357 Grapsusctsihs dee eee ee 332 Metopaulias oro o2 sv eneo-nsce 317,318,438 Palicus sicher eee 212 9 Pinmosherssseee sees eae 64,65,79,427 Piggies As 3 Se wee eew eae hee 332 divueti, Gecarcinus.:....22..2.02d.--2.00-- 359,360 Uilatata,|Crenidulace. (2) eee os ee 2 Cymiopolig ti aesen ssa eee 215,218 MUNIS) STAD SUS eae ciate cle a cee aera eee 254 DiIscoplaxs Hi secas sae occ sae seci eee oe ae 340 lonpipes erste eS ee 340 TOCUTIGUM vetee sins saince asec et ene 340 Dissodactylus.....-..--.-. eae AOE as 62,114 BICOCKT sccstesecres soe ee 115, 124, 429 borradailei..........--- 115,121, 428 ALMA oaaeleiaeteie a eee 115,125,429 eruniticheliss 2 cesccee soe 1199 enicopels 2. 115,119, 121,428 mei tases seer 115, 117, 429 MitAUSnee toes ee renee 115,116,428 StODUMIEN je ceca sae siete 115, 123,420 KAISEORER Es VOSOILY 2 e's cies eciaente Sees nana 106 diurnum, Cardisoma......-...-.-.-- ta ne 342.9 Dorippidaesssse cosas esse ae eee eee “1099 PYTOMMIACE Dae ate, ataieniccte aoe anise ntes orateleetete erie id Dromildae.esokssasse is 5.- eee es eee 10 dubius, Metopoprapsus......-...--:--.--..-- 245 E; ; Echinarachnius parnia.......--.--.-.-+--+-- 9 Wehinoldsc cease. peas oe as eats aa eee 61 EXCHINOPHUUS = 2's. asco oe satise so tgwet eee 14 Melitae.....s-se..-c---+-e-- LIA Wehlurussc disses bee eeceee ce aes eres 156 GGnlis. cM yullus* cco eee esseceeseaee 76, 87, 103, 174 elata, Eucratoplax......-.-------- saite Bamicare 23 Pi luMNMoplaks sae ecco als te eee lasers 21, 23,425 emarginata, Encope.........--.-----.----- 119,121 — HincOpe Oar ginal. scl celeccoee ce eeneee ee 119,121 iaiehiolinn |. Poe eee 121 BD oisiciecicteeeiceiecie sae ee eee 119 encopei, Dissodactylus....-------- 115, 119, 121, 428 © EPISCSADING wie aie os oeein ie =i afte siesta a... 284,288 Euchirograpsus...... americanus... : MPUTIGUBS cic cc nciac sciences 281 Eucrate californiensis.......--.-.----------- 42 crassimanus......-------2-+-0-+---- 52 WiCrarOplaxss socsocceseseds caeee teow sere es 529 OLA GE cismciata alone ole srewalsiereiatemiele 2B SUGLOUA uietanrcis cists ome ecea te seamed 52 SpiInidentEta . GOCATCINUS s «:chs\s viaje A Es awe AO, ed (Acanthoplax) excellens........- 385 SPEEMISY Soe Sic ee eee ee anes 391 annulipess iss poses eee 404, 405, 417 armatus....-.. mentee 378, 385, 387, 445 DICWIITONSS Fs asee nse eee cen 393 ClHMALGAUS Loess eh cele eee eee -- 887 COLOLAGENSISE 65. saeicos< SOE 410 crenilatiis! 5.4 <2 see eee See 409 @xCollenst hee S53 ba Aree 387 PED DOSUS Sati atars cioterereice latin wrote 416, 417 BT ACUIS gy rk scis sok Te 409, 410 STANGENK Lee erie eet 381 heterocheless.< 2325.22.08) Sa. 381, 382 heterophthalmus. .:.22.2222...2.. 384 heteropleurus.........-.....-...- 385 Byrom es sscs clones EE craton s 422 MSIPDISS sashes ije lee Ren OS 386 Tntimanus: = 159 ae ee ace ore hae ied a Pinnotherelia..........-..-- 180, 181, 431 : poueeeecas Leet hi : laevimanus, PachygrapsusS.........-..-.--<- 245 heterophthaimus, Gelasimus................ 384 nevigetin 350 - = pCa nea eee cin ea oe eeie eae eee ee, Ura Ae tae ea te 376,385,445 lagostoma, Gecarcinus...........-- 352, 361, 364, 440 heteropleurus, Gelasimus..............--20.. 385 : as : lagostomus, GecarcinuS............-.-s------ 364 RINADLIS PROT RO ce oasis o's ciniccis mapas 130, 164, 167, 430 inlandet. Pel . 364 lis Orthosrapsus 931,939 alandel, Pelocarcinus.... 6. scccescceccwecss= rire t G a ded y auer saa eS "95 98 lalandii, Gecarcoidea..........-....-0- 363, 364, 445 Be Bs : a SRS ea. re ae ne Pelacurctnuss sey eeee es ee sos 363 Ma ee ee yee ee . .) | Lamellibranch Mollusks..........2.2-22+2++- 62 hirtimanus, Pinnotheres................. 64, 65, 101 : , s Than Craps eee eae aa Ok ae 10, 15, 339, 424 igh pes, PINNAKOACS 22/50. .c.ccscneceeec~s 174, 175 Black 355 holmesi, Pinnotheres........... 12, 63, 65, 66, 68, 426 auee Rvs 1k AICane a5e BIAIOPTADSUS I NGS Sco s Same aise ces csinwnecds ISAT ale hirer dae et ot KC i weg ney s x COMMON. . - <2 8-8 seen 319 Mubicolasscect.2ct Se ee hee 2 128, 137 RUDE C8 eee ten ee eee 319, 437 lowe Rapla:: £22225. vececcen et 101, 104,428 | Mctopautias................... ae eee 225, 317 — Raphonotusy re ss ueeh sie seme Seer 104 MO@PESSSUS Hoek ac cee ees 317,318,438 oxechinusiglbus.e.2: ose nance secs mee ee 50 M. miersil; Sesarma.. 2.04002: oct eee 286,306, 308 macerophylla ‘Chama 2-552 sce neces = Saas 66 Sesarma (Holometopus) Vane 303, 304, 436 Macomanasiitass-ce sta p08 at ee 148')] ‘minax, Gelasimus) ce {ee eee eee 389 macrocera, Ocypode..2-2-2..0 256 sssaeeeae 367 OCAse toeewae sad aaasetcs 376,389, 391,441 matrodactyla wUica ss. 2-4 osc ape nee 404 Uca' vocator; war. oo: eee 289 macrodactylus, Gelasimus......2....¢.2.-. 40454090") Cminta ta“ Sesarmass2 2225 eee coe sae ee 308,310 Wee semis does a aaeeee 377,404,442 | miniatus, Metopograpsus.........-.--..--... 245 macrophthalma, Chasmophora.............-. 37° bominutea Pinning’ O28) ee aoe ceee eee 150 — Kucratopsis. ......2. Shas Aes Sto irminntus, Cancers. anes eae ss temas 253) 9) Macrophthalmidae: So: ce2s< +. ec ansceseele 365 Cy ClOPrApSUS Hoe eee s eens eee 328 Macrophthalminae. ...........-.202..2.00- 386, 423 Grapsad 22 aot eee ----- | 208m maculatum, Pmmotheres-<-...-. os saceeeee 74 Natitilosrapsussic Jo esac tsemeaee 253, 254 SACHIBLIS Gla pSUS=— caus see ae sash aes 227 Pinnotheres52)/2.. 22. ee saat 254 PaSUras. t..c5 as utaeeaneae Oat 227 Planes? 90 ad tad ae 13, 253, 258,434 Pinnotheres: 5. ces .02-u <8 G4) 65,'74,'427) | Modiola Copaxs-2 2a. een es ace ee eee ci 4 Maestro-Sastree sae 5.0 ions nc ee 382 MOGiONIS: {och ee eee tO ocis 104 4 magdalenense, Sesarma,.......2.-------0--06: 286 tulipars si sess asse oe soe ee naee 76, 78 Sesarma (Holometopus).... 305,436 | modiolus, Modiola.............-...------ 76, 77, 104 major, Cancer vocans. 25 cece acsincn aoe ee B81. ie Mollusk<), 222 Ses toeacen sacar aeeeige 72, 106 INawtiloprapsus: 372 MAAS EAVES, CLAD aac noble aicib seminwicialr wel ohio = 352 MUST COL apie sees mee be site sie etnale ee 400 MACHT PIS rs Fiala ions Stas wom. 5670/6 tm nina nie se 9 TUDO eeacenice siamese al Sainionar 352 miilleri, Sesarma....... Se he eA Bolly a 319 EVN Ol Acre ence cee caen samc eccs 372 ia iLO AIT CLAD ror stels a letaile ts ae Shnionewioim i = BAL COOEU POUR cies sewn cees ese pone one memes 341, 365, 366 LS Te pay ae Sa eee See eee ee 8h albicans... 13,366, 367,368,372, 373, 440, 441 muliniarum, Pinnotheres.....-.. ....- 84,66, 81,427 Gronaritisen cece sas osc aes Suet aeae 368 WUCT I OCSANING vias a ania mecSwianinina © «e-em om 298, 319 DISDIMOSHe. cc cs acene seca scope aeense 25 MBPS ey ptcLLLT) Bore aialain Sy aict> v sinic's Seieieirin ina, 9/ 78, 78 (cardisoma) cordata..... en aa ale 342 HET SICAUL Ge chi ie ou 2 oie aie dics sion oacicme 377, 437, 444 ceratophthalma....-...-.-.--.--- 366, 372 IRS eae eine cw sine a staene oe ocisin's 72,73, 104 Pele) ga Ee OES ee a ot ee 341,347 NO TSh ene eae a ante alors Wire cele ales melee & 7 OREO) eee ae Saera meet isnGoe a= 347 RRS OP RPOLSO et aie yster le min eisai teres eiie'> 76 PaUGiChaudiit seek sou censems 367, 373, 441 Mya..-.---------- 2-222 -2- 22 ee ee ee eee eee e ee 145, 147 heterochelos....... lt hanes 378, 381 BRUIT eeheninctclalein esi aie aie = 76, 86, 87, 103, 148 MACTOCEIa aace eee een eae 367 PANMONM Cie apr aes attests ee Se Sune Ms 87 WigtAcdall eee sce Pao aee eee oeceee 378 ETRE reat eb iniatoisiole. Ss 64, 65, 66, 68, 83 Sesarma (Sesarma)......-..---- 207 PSAUAOLTADSUSs 25. .c eine tein cella etnias 267 @uisihopus.. esdes twee atest en eee 128, 172 nuttallii, Schizothaerus.........--- 144, 145, 148, 149 tranSVersus ls sccse eee 172, 173, 430 0 orcutti, Pinnotheres.............-- 64, 65, 66, 98, 428 5 oregonensis, Brachynotus..-....-.-.--------- 270 obesa, Cymopolia....-..-.12, 184, 185, 204, 205, 207, 432 Hemigrapsus.-..--.-....- 264, 270, 435 BURSTS MRANCUSH es. . actin ane emer eas ose acme 202, 295 Pseudograpsus......- Stee ee 270 obliquus, Chasmocarcinus...........-.-- 55, 58,426 | orientale, Chaenostoma..........-----.------ 423 occidentale, Sesarma...........-.-.--.. 13,286,287 | orientalis, Plagusia........-.--.----------- 334, 335 Sesarma (Holometopus)..-.. Sooke 200" |h Ornata, Aw DULNIUGs..s22- cosa + onicinsie cla "== 152 occidentalis, Geograpsus...........--.-..-..- 230" Ib OFatus. GOlASUMUS <2. caresses =e neine 386, 387, 445 “Ycinyo (ito a ee a a el a 372 ARTO SUS 22 2/2223 -+csneeseeecnee 227 Cristablpesieaze sees cee eee eee LSGt Peed COCkKer. see U w coctacaee semen bvad Memes 174 CUESOL esse cine cciecies alee eminem 215/53) spilosines Wea ooo. 2 ecw ss neeeaeeeeee 348 Geontavuss os (cease wer ete ek oon 202" Rilumnoplaxs. fone ccocte ts ue renee seer eee 16, 2) MOPleSSUSSs 2. cisceestbesecuaeeeeence 212 americana. 520s eed ees 21 IDRONL ON Sco, saemas et cnee ae eee ee 194 AMELICANUS|)-> a4 spare oees seeks 21 PTACIN PES Sc sare cai ssa Sacemseeeenat oe 221 Olalas 22 ce Sama ueie sees 21, 23, 425 PTACHISS Fee ale sacwe sen eee ee 218 simGlaini 5.052262 teas eee ee 21 PTANULALUS! oeseee ae oa tose eee 183 Sultatitronss.-.-ce eee eee 21 ISCDMNUS 9. oe tae one ec nee ee eae 201 jeiBine; Crab: io. 2.2.5 sss Soc ce ee eee enc enee 318 WICASHL en De anc cise Main Save ee egeee 193) | phoima, "Amati t 8. eae Coe eee same ee 323 ODESUS E36 wee nos ete cee wees 202! 205). enna mipricagesis- wens ote eee ee tse 76,78 PACA DUN see. ates See see eee 198 | Pinnateres guerini.............. Me fee teers 101 SIGE: casa cena w sah sarlacinncablaaines wiser 208),| :eamnAxOdeS=..csberoacece een eencee 128, 133, 174, 175 SIGQUS Tae eee e 2 NCS, a ee 208 ebilensise =~ seead sce 174, 175, 177, 431 ZONAVUS 174,175 palustris; GelasimpSos2 2.2. sce ceoeccnes 889, 395, 397 meinenti st o..cserees eee 175, 177, 428 panamensis, Gelasimus... 22... .csssses-cose 412 tomentosus'.. 32.2 concoct mele 175,178 Pinnixa econ. cet cee eee ae ISI Binnizassae eee eee eet eee 128, 170, 174, 179 WiGor aac sar ance n aan 377, 412, 443 affinis.... 22sea-ceneuesen see 12, 130, 131, 168 PanopeuS:(2.-2.cesnensccatecacaceeae ieee ee 47 Parnharti. 222.236 oes 130, 144, 149,429 PANO LAxe<2 ase. seceaee ect nese eer eee 16, 47, 48 DYGVIPOUOX een ase ae eee 12,130, 131,169 GOPTOSSE a. letra sin etic cea alesis 47, 49, 426 Califommiensis...c\.'7ss0 sees oe 155, 157, 166 PAD WIG on soo eet eccedieheco tees soe e 104 chaetopterana........--.- 130, 151, 158, 430 ParaplNNE TA? 15a. acsce osac woe ateeeeeunee sears 61,107 OVISUAUAS «ea eee 129, 131, 134, 136, 429 SUNS 3 she sc sarenereeee 12, 107, 111 CYTINGLICA < ele signee ence ae 12, beaufortensis?:- 322 22-c-ceece 107, 112 128, 129, 131, 138, 139, 151, 156, 159, 430 bouvieri...... eames 12, 107, 111, 428 Se aerate === 129, 142, 146, 147, 149, 166, 429 hendersoni........ 12, 107, 109, 112, 428 1AXONE. nose cs ene sass 12, 129, 131, 133, 429 Mibida soiit2. alee oes 12, 107, 111, 113 floridana.<..--....< 12, 129, 131, 138, 141,429 PATASOSAUING os acer ccscec tose tence canon seaes 284 franciscana.......- 12, 130, 131, 161, 162, 430 Paragitie.. 35 ot coe- cena Sa ckhak nice tee tee tees 245 HiSGUS a) aoa weiter 130, 164, 167,430 Eatasite, Isopodi-:ceeasc asec cndeeeececameues 248 IAG VIPATA co! c vise ct nals aes Pee eee ee 159 parasitica Ostrow... cease coeae cin ct cte stew 66 MELOY SISK os aaiecicec =e ces 129, 142, 145,429 FRaraxanthus barbigens...2-.0<0-/e-0ceeusace 352 longipes'ws.: ---ceseeees 12, 129, 131,137,165 parma, Echinarachninse. - sccecnes tae cece 119 WIT EG i ease poate Fe ee a 150 INDEX, 457 Page. 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Pinnixa monodactyla.........-.....-- 130, 131,136 | Pinnotheres reticulatus............ 64,65, 66, 93, 427 mitldasastecceseee Soee eee s-. 107,141 Borrell. cevececes eee aee ses 63, 65, 84, 427 occidentalis... ; (5. 2. accede. bs cn bee 12, shoomakeri.........-.--- 64, 65, 95, 428 130, 131, 155, 157, 161, 162, 168, 430 SUVOSLIL, coco scien vewee vee 63, 65, 66, 91 DAUAMIONSIS Vee ce ee eee eee te aes 131 SLTOMDiccssaccseeses --- 63,65, 90, 427 patagoniensis............. 129, 131, 135, 429 taylori................ 64,65, 66, 97, 427 WEvINGNS <.cis2/ assesses ce. 130, 139, 431 transversalis...........-.----- 131, 154 GAYANA s ciesecs cc cesses 12; 129, 131, 156, 430 | Pinnotheridae.......ccecccccccccccse=: 9,12, 15, 61 schmittic. - 22 e2 22 ose 13031625167, 450) 1) Pinrmotheridea.. oi os 3. 0eeescoreceees see ee 61 (Scleroplax) granulata.............- file) Pivnothoringeescsc. 2 s.)tse oo wok eee aes ox 61 SPOCIOSS 2 «55s Siiewsssseeskobesse cc eet 156 pisontl, Aratusss.ssos2ss0ceasescces 12, 322, 323, 438 UTOMeNtOSHee se ssicsce senses eee 129, 141, 429 Dosarninies arose Spee cosas ene 323 UrAansversaliss =~) 12)120 13151981345 142420" 1" Platusias oc tosuce ec cccccclcewenieboewecce 226, 331,337 tubicolas 2 Boke sess St 129, 165, 167, 430 CAPONsiss. scseuc cde eeceeee scewee ae 336 tiMidate uses. ceeess ses ee tere soso: 149 ChabDruSicu Set ce scene oneocs 332, 335, 139 Valdiviensiss=< 2 s<:=0
  • .2s-s-ssccnes5 63, 65, 66, 71, 444 INAGHIALUS so sec aces sees 64, 65, 74,427 | Portunidae...........-.-.--22-.-----ee-e2es 14 FAL PADI Roose =e se eae ae 63, 64,66,91 | Potamonidae............-. eee eee eee 11,14 MINUS S 222. Se 2 koe Bewes ae: 2540|)| princeps, GelasinuSs sc. sss. sesese-ees---- === 382 monodactylum..:-:.22<5.222.2. 136 UWicareoss os scetast. 13, 376, 378, 382, 441, 445 RHOSOL secc aac aaaeis ss 64, 65, 94, 95,427 | Prionoplacinac......2........0.2-eseenee--- 16, 29 TMMMIMAITN a - Se ee 64,66; 81, 427 || Prionoplax...- 2.2.2.2 cc 202 c. cc ec ecco ese =--- 16, 29 MUCUS sees se coe clea 64, 65, 66, 68, 83 HULA Wl Clee antec as paee etme 12,30, 425 OTC Ubieewe week o see 64, 65, 66, 98, 428 atlantiCuscceceestesewsete cess == 30 OSUIPATIUSE. Sas sosesee ses ce ees 70 Ciistaacosteshicceentosec ess 12, 30,31 ostreum........ 12, 63, 65, 65, 69, 74, 426 spinicarpus....... We pate Selena ee 29,31 PUANOPO VAX Soscos acces eccssste 66 | Pseudograpsus nudus..............++-++---- 267 DOMES eneea tate aes 63, 65, 66, 71, 444 OPER OMENSIS vere dae scene eee 270 PUEDES CON se ews sce wese sc 63, 65, 66,87 | Pseudopinnixa...............-..sseseeeeeee> 107 pugettensis........ 63, 65, 66, 82, 97, 427 Mifiddseuscsaeest esas cen seeps 107 PUSS Nes tate esse weer. OFA PP SOUGORNOMUOUAs <2 s2loedcwsic meets snes smc 16, 42 458 INDEX. Page. ] Page. Pseudorhombila octodentata...-........--- 43,426 | rhizophorae, Sesarma.........-..-.-.--- 13, 285, 287 quadridentata...........-.- 42 Sesarma (Sesarma).........-. 294, 436 Bseudorhom pilinae 2.622. Gerd seme ines V7} PRhizopidaes. 2 scenes sce oaoes oc cieneaticca’ss 54 Btenoplaci@ae... eintolata selene 376, 405, 406 granulata.......... nieepisiasiets 170,171,430 POCU UME AOSATMIA non 5 claje uiioece omiaeie eect leas 286.1 Sea Cuchi bers -26c eck sna eecnw cose scenes 149, 150 Sesarma (Holometopus).......... 298, 436 SOUL - sooo sc pmcasse see eae eee 95 Red-jointed Fiddler Crab..............--.--- 389 Urchin weadesecncees see enime 62, 79, 115, 119, 176 Red Tourlourou.. \a.cecciewates scale adeso sae B52) SOrpula. oo2 5. ee op sacs c cicee kieaoninec eens ee 244 EP PAIS, GOCATCIMUS ES aes =a cimioln ciiclersiaciew emaie ete 352 | Serpulid........ sjoletaiabin tates ania a lemioe aisle smuiees Is4 Reptantiosn cess ecacc ae ee eae it) |Rsorrel-seinnotheres: -seseeceee tener c: 63, 65, 84, 427 reticulata, Sesarma =. - cc nacnenccs sees ee sex wpe, 200) ty Sesarma. coo. << o5e 225, 284, 288, 298, 317, 319, 321, 322 reticulatum, Sesarma....... 13, 284, 285, 287, 292, 293 aequatoriale..............----- 13, 285, 287 Sesarma (Sesarma)..........- 290, 435 AOUUALOTIANS fae c ee enn wa cmern cranes 292 TeLICwWIsUS OCypOdO. n.aone eae peewee 290 BIVICRNE Sok ccna a mei ela nterematee 287 Ocypode (Sesarma)............. 290 AMMICANUMS-c ee ecsene vain na sidlaetrs talents Pinnotheres........... 64, 65, 66, 93, 427 AMOMCANG se. ce sacees ae eee seen 311,312 retinens, Pinnixa: 222 ot senccussswesse se 130, 139, 431 angusta........ sehcaS ee caee oe ena ee 314 Retropluma ja Jesosencos anes nanisineoeeene 14,16 angustipes...........- 286, 287, 303, 308, 311 Retroplumidas ceccs sce esca esses eeoncas 15 WU PUSLUT sesamin cles cemim sinless 13, 286, 287,313 Rebizncepualid snc fae = accents we ialoseer meas 184 DON DSGS | e's cco is ging citer peta 328 INDEX. 459 Page. 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Sesarma barbimana......-..-..-----+-.-----+ 298 | Sesarma (Sesarmmia) rhizophorae ........... 204, 436 ANDINA UES os snc bnlsaeicia cele 286 (Sesarma) suleatum........-....-- 289, 435 BNECICHI seve. abo ak ccc e see eeneereme 286, 319 (Sesarma) verleyi.......--...--..- 288, 435 DIGS yey ee attic ool si sncietbuene cielo mclain a= 284 STIMPSONN Sooo oso ec sin ce cebene eae 303, 308 DIGGHTAGH ms cnc tessa name Reema elect = 295 BUIDITILORTE s cise si o-oo eden e webin 287 DIGEUI Abo cea ere wacaeee reese ls 286 BUCOUH ctees se mneen Waa se e ae aan ane 289 POU G Ui ens on ce ae ian eeaiatc 13, 286, 287, 304 SUCHIN eo eesee cee eal eee cemes ee 285, 299 NDYOMEMANIM cies uc ceo oemeee ee eee eee 320 MOL CO erica dalactalaniaae okewelsisie ... 290,300, 308 VELIOVis co ven os semester eeene 236 GINATEUIN Fo sias'<< ses 13, 236, 287, 290, 303, 308 VIOIACER sc seals ce aes cae Weminices 321 CHASSIDGS Ce cease aces a wns DSO eds ty BESALINOCOR se).i2'0 jun ciapinleis in asiseiie ee aeiciaepieaeale 283 GUPACADETISO Hho os ok ek a'os IQR aR Desi: SOL te BOSALIDINAOL. «htc s ceiedtaccacs cnsicee bm nee ep 225, 283 GUIBCHOGUSISS 00.00 2250 k oaiae ease snes 2$8 | shoemakeri, Pinnotheres..........--- 64, 65, 95, 428 CUE La asia nace: coaw wclelcewesk 321,322 | Short-tailed Crabs. ....--.--..-.- 220.22. sceoe iL TOS etcetera sede sc es aka see e 286 | sica, Cymopolia...,... 184, 186, 208, 210, 211, 212, 431 PUBPISU od cade = Conse weit Pies sce meN 308, 311 PalcCuss-cs - soso oe aha b een eee ae 208 MAGI SLOCURI os cis wisi s ose aiaties ae sine Zod ME SICUS) eAMGTIS c=. cusienessieeiecee Darcanene se 208 BANS ecco mse eee see once oor SIPSDOL, MTGyIOn ns. was w onus sowie nic Sannin 26 (Holometopus) angustipes...... 13, 311, 437 Gonenlaxecccasisensese se ieee 25, 26, 425 (Holometopus) angustum........- 314, 437 | silvestrii, Pinnoteres..............0--2e-0e0e 91 (Holometopus) benedicti.........-. 316, 437 Pinnotheres)..<..3 <2 -caeewee ne 63, 65, 66, 91 (Holometopus) bioNeyi..........- 306,437 | simplex, Goniograpsus.......--..------+---- 244 : (Holometopus) cinereum......-.-- 300, 436 PachyeTansus cs. ca secs oues ose 244 (Holometopus) festae..........-...- 313 | sinclairi, Pilumnoplax....-......---.....-.-. 21 (Holometopus) hansenl..........- S15 437 Simall Cla vcs asics op sie we aa/saeeenene ene 147 (Holometopus) magdalenense..... 305,436 | smithii, Glyptoplax....-......--- 12, 50, 51, 426, 444 (Holometopus) miersii........ 303,304, 436 Nautilograpsus. «60