CALC U L_A T I ONS F O R

| An Almanac for the Year of our Lord 1855, being the Third after Bis- sextile, and (until the 4th of July,) tlrc 79th year of American indepen- dence. Adapted to the Horizon and Meridian of New York.— By Samuejl fl. Wright, Bundle, Yates Co., N. Y.

Chronological Cybles and Moveable Feasts.

i Dominical Letter, -•'.«..	G	Faster Sunday,
i (.'olden Number, or Lunar Cycle,	13	Rogation Sunday,
1 Epact, {.Moon's age,) January 1st,	12	Ascension Day,
Solar Cycle, ....	16	Whitsunday, ( Pentecos
j Roman Infliction, ...	13	Trinity Sunday,
i Jukan Period, ....	- 6508	Advent Sunday,

April 8. May 13.

May 17. May 27. June 3. Dec. 2.

CUSTOMARY NOTES.

Venus Will be Evening Star until Oct. 1st, then Morning Star until July

IGth, 1856. Mars will be Evening Star until April 9th. then Morning Star

until April 13th, 1856. Jupiter will be Evening Star until Jan. 29th, then

Morning Star until Aug. 21st, then Evening Star until March 5th, 185 (J.

1 1 Saturn will be Evening Star until June 10th, then Morning Star until De- ;

Ijcember 18th, then Evening Star until June 24th, 1856,

The Earth will be nearest the Sun Jan. 1st, being 93,505,607 miles from it. I It will be 96,64)5,200 miles off on the 3d of July, and nearest again Dec. 31st, I; distance 93,507,457 miles.

The Sun will be in the Winter Signs 89& Ih 18m. In the Spring Signs I' 92d 20h 41m. In the Summer Signs 93d 14h 11m. In the Autumnal Signs: 89d 17h 48m. Sun north of Equator 186d lOh 52m. Sun south of Equator ; |178d 18h 56m. Difference 7d 15h 56m. This is caused by the slow motion:! | of the earth when at its greatest distance from the Sun in July. Tropical | iyear 365d 5h 48m long.

EQUINOXES AID SOLSTICES.

Vernal Equinox, - Summer Solstice, - Autumnal Equinox, Winter Solstice,

	D.	H. M.
March	26	11 22 E.
June	21	7 53 E.
Sept.	23	10 4 m,
Doe.	22	3 52 M.

c ECLIPSES EOR THE YEAR 1855. There will be two Eclipses of the Sun, and two of the Moon this year.

I. A Total Eclipse of the Moon, in*; the night of May 1st, visible. Begins at 9 o'clock 18 min. in the Evening. Eclipse will be total at 10 o'clock, 21

[jmin., and remain so until 11 o'clock 57 min. It will end at 1 o'clock in the Morning of May 2d. Magnitude 18*348 digits on the southern limb.

II. A Partial Eclipse of the Sun, May 15th, invisible in the Union, except in Washington Territory.

III. A Total Eclipse of the Moon, early in the Morning of October 25th, visible. Eclipse begins 48 minutes after 12 o'clock (midnight) ; the Total Eclipse begins at 1 o'clock 49 min., and lasts until 3 o'clock 18 min. End of Eclipse 4 o'clock 19 min. Magn^ude 17*568 digits on the northern limb.

IV. A Partial Eclipse of the Sun, November 9th, invisible.

Note. The times for the Eclipses as given above, are for New York City.

Stereotyped by Vincent Dill, Jr., Nos. 29 & 31 Beekman Street, N. Y.

w.

TIBS TABLE.

Jg@- The Tides given in the Calendar pages are for the Port of New York.

In the last column but one of the Calendar pages, you have the time the Moon is South, and by adding thereto the hours and minutes in the following table, you will have the time of high water at all the places named below ; also the rise of water in feet.

	h.	m.	ft.
Albany, N Y.,	3	30	1
Amboy. N. J.,	8	lo	5
Baltimore,	1	36	3
Bay of Fundy,	12	00	60
Blue Hill Bay,	11	00	12
Boston,	11	30	11
Bridgeport, Ct.,	10	54	5
Brunswick, N. J	9	t	5
Campo Bello.	11	oc	25
Cape Ann,	11	30	11
Cape Cod,	11	30	6
Cape Fear,	8	1	5
Cape Hatteras,	9	1	5
Cape Henlopen,	5	45	5
Cape Henry,	7	51	6
Castine, Me.,	1]	00	12
Charleston,	7	15	5
Eastport, Me.,	11	30	i!5

Egg Harbor, Gt., Egg Harbor, Litt. 10 Elizabeth Point, 8 Fairfield, Conn., 10 Guildford, Conn., 10 Halifax, N. S.. 7

Hampton, N. H., 11 Hampton Roads, & Hartford, Conn., 9 Hell Gate, 9

Huntington, L. I., 11 Islip, L. I., 8

Jamaica Bay, 8

Kennebunk, Me., 11 Kingston, N. Y., 2 Lubec, - 11

Marblehead, 11

Martha's Vineyard 7

h. m. ft.

57 5

58 6 28 5 30 9 15 12 37 5 25

35 6

30 5

0 5

15 10

30 2

30 26

30 10 37

jMontauk Point, Mount Desert, |Nantucket, 'Narrows, N. Y.,

iNew Bedford, New Haven, .New London, 'Newport, NEW YOH.K, Nor walk, Conn., Norwich, Philadelphia, Portland, Portsmouth, N.H. Providence, Sag Harbor, /Sandy Hook, jSt. John's,

m. ft.

33

2 25

0 11

h.

7 11 12

8 2

7 39 10 17

8 56

7 51

8 56

10	54
10	56
2	0
10	45	13
11	15	10

8 25 5

9 52

6 37 5

12 00 30

The time of High Water fcere found, is nearly accurate on the days of the New and Full Moon. In the first and third quarters, it is too late, at most, 1 hour and 9 minutes. In the second and fourth quarters, it is too early, at most, 24 minutes.

The actual rise of the Tides depends on the strength and direction of the wind, and it not unfrequently happens that a tide which would, independently of these, have been small, is higher than another, otherwise much greater. But when a tide which arrives when the Sun and Moon are in a favorable .position for producing a great elevation, is still i further increased by a very strong wind, the rise of the water will be uncommonly great, ''■ sufficient, perhaps, to cause damage.

TO THE READER.

mm mmm mm rasraa,

There are two kinds of time used in common Almanacs, for the Sun's Rising and Setting. ! One is Clock time, and the other is Jlpparent or Sun time. Clock time is always right, while J Sun time varies every day, and js alternately too "Fast," or too " Slow" of the Clock.! Hence it is that two almanacs, made by the same calculator, for the same year and place, j will give the sun's rising and setting very differently, if & different kind of time is used in [ each. Persons observing this must not -think that either is wrong. According to apparent- time, the sun will always rise and set at 6 o'clock, at the time of its crossing the equinox- i ial ; but this is never the case according to Clock time, or true time. If the Sun was in the | meridian, or at the noon mark, at 12 o'clock every day, then apparent time would be true, j and the sun would always rise and set at 6 o'clock when it Wai at the equinoxes. People j generally suppose it is twelve o'clock when the sun is in mid-heaven, br at the noon i mark. In this there is a great mistake, for the sun is so irregular, that it does not come to these points, at 12 o'clock, oftener than four times in a whole year, or about once in every j three months. In this Almanac we give the time exact to the nearest second, when it j is noon, or when the sun is at the meridian, and shadow at the noon mark, for every 6th ; day in the year, by which correct time maybe had at noon. When the sun is at the j noon mark it is noon, but not 12 o'clock very often?"^

This variation of the sun makes a difference between it and all true time-pieces, and j produces two kinds of time. The sun cannot, therefore, be depended upon for correct | time, without applying to it what is termed the "Equation of Time," or the ditference [ between clock and sun. Add to the apparent time when the sun is "slow," and subtract | when it is " fast." The calculations of this Almanac arc in clock time, except the sun's j rising and setting.

jbundee, Yates Co.. N. T. The Calculator. i

! ! ;

N.B— Persons who work out any of the Problems in this Almanac, and who choose to ! send Solutions, as well as the Answers, Post Paid, to the Calculator, will have the same i duly acknowledged in the Almanac for 1856.

1 _ . — = =K -^ 1. JANUARY. Begins on Monday, has 31 days. 1855.
	Piiob. 1. — The wheels of a wagon
Moon's Phases.	are 5 feet in diameter. If the wagon
	be drawn, so as to make each wheel roll
D . H . M . Full Moon, 3 3 24 m.	798 £ times over, how far will a spike in the tire have moved in space %
Last Quarter, 11 7 18 m.
New Moon, 18 3 42 m.	Prob. 2. —At what rate per cent, per
First Quarter, 24 8 43 E.	annum, must the population of a city increase, in order to double every 25
	years 1
o			©	©	®	| ®	#
IS	jjj	Phenomena,	Sun	Sun	Sun's	%,	Moon	Moon	High
c	"o	Chronology, etc.	rises.	sets.	dec.S.	o	sets.	south.	water.
\~	G		H.M.	H. M.		s	H. M.	H. M.	H. M.
Son	Circumcision. ;7 26	4 34	23 1	26	6 10	11 8	7 35
2	1'tie	# highest. Windy 7 25	4 35	22 36	n	rises.	12 0	8 22
3	Wed	Moon near Pollux.	7 25	4 35	22 51	20	4 57	morn.	9 3
4	Tim	Noon at 0 5 13.	7 24	4 36	22 45	£2	5 55	0 50	9 44
5	Fri	# in apogee. and	7 24	4 36	22 38	14	6 56	1 40	10 19
6	Sat	Epiphany. cold.	7 23	4 37	22 30	26	7 57	2 26	10 56
7	G	Daybreak 5 46.	7 23	4 37	22 23	a	8 57	3 10	11 31
8	.lion	% in Capricorn.	7 22	4 38	22 15	20	9 58	3 53	ev. 4
9	I'ne	Moon on equator.	1 22	4 38	22 7	m	10 58	4 34	0 38
10	Wed	Noon at 0 7 48.	7 21	4 39	21 59	14	12 0	5 15	1 17
1]	TIlH	Dr.Dwightd.1817.	7 21	4 39	21 50	27	morn.	5 57	1 56
12	Fri	9 in Apheli. Snow	7 20	4 40	21 40	jru	1 6	6 41	2 42
13	Sat	Daybreak 5 46.	7 19	4 41	21 29	24	2 13	7 29	3 43
14	G	9 in Capri. and	7 18	4 42	21 19	m	3 25	8 22	4 49
15	Hon	9 south 0 44.	7 18	4 42	21 8	22	4 41	9 21	6 2
16	Tiie	Noon at 0 10 3.	7 17	4 43	20 57	t	5 54	10 26	7 9
17	Wed	Franklin bo. 1706.	7 16	4 44	20 46	22	sets.	11 32	8 9
18	Shu	Jupiter. , sleet.	7 15	4 45	20 34	V5	5 26	ev. 38	9 3
Il9	M	Daybreak 5 45.	7 14	4 46	20 20	22	6 49	1 40	9 55
120	Sat	5 sup. 6 ©. Now	7 13	4 47	20 8	AW	8 8	2 37	10 47
!2!	&	$ south 1 23.	7 13	4 47	19 55	23	9 22	3 29	11 33
i 22	m	Noon at 0 11 53.	7 12	4 48	19 42	X	10 33	4 18	morn.
|23	fne	% south 0 33.	7 11	4 49	19 27	20	11 41	5 5	0 20.
|24	\\d\h so. 8 16. look	7 10	4 50	19 13	OjO	morn.	5 51	1 4
25	f'lm Conver. St. Paul.	7 9	4 51	18 59	17	0 50	6 37	1 49 2 36
26	IM	© at 2. for a	7 S	4 52	18 44	29	1 55	7 24
12?	Sat	# near Tj. thaw. '	7 7	4 53	IS 28	a	3 0	8 13	3 30
28	&	Noon at 0 13 15. '	7 6	4 54	18 12	23	4 2	9 4	4 40
! 29	li!oi]	?{. 6 ©. Blustering. '	7 5	4 55	17 57	n	5 1	9 55	5 56
36	r»e	$ south 116.	7 4	4 56	17 41	17	5 54	10 46	7 11
31	Wed	$ south 5 59.	7 2	4 58 17 23	29	6 40 11 36	8 8

2. FEBRUARY. Begins on Thursday, has 28 days. 1855. 1

Moon's Phases.

Full Moon, Last Quarter, 9 New Moon, 16 First Quarter, 23

D. H. M.

1 10 46

9 10 5

16 1 52

0 38

Prob. 3. — If a rope 100 rods long be coiled around a post 1 foot in diameter, h'ow far will a man travel who takes hold of the loose end, and unwinds it, keeping the rope straight ?

Prob. 4. — A hemispherical loaf of bread 12 inches deep, is to be baked until it is half crust, which must be of the same thick- ness top and bottom. How thick is it?

Phenomena, Chronology, etc.

Tim Fri

N at

G|

Hoilj

Tne : Wed

11} uj

Pri Sai G

Bon Tne Wed Tim fri Sat G lion Tne Wed rha IPri [Sat G Mon Tne Wed

Dav break 5 38. Purifi. B. V. Mary. *2 in Taurus. Colder. Noon at 0 14. 13. Yen us in Capricorn. §) on equa. Cloudy. tfeclip.by?. $6$. Daybreak 5 32. Fj scat. Fixing for a Noon at 0 14 31. J# in Aries. thaw. % south 11 33. Daybreak 5 26. Valentine. Rain Moon in perigee, or Noon at 0 14 22. © near $ and $• 5 gr. elong. E. snow. Daybreak 5 19. 5 near ?. Windy. Ash Wednesday. Washington b. 1732. J.Q.Adams d. 1848. St. Mattbias. Cold. 1st Sunday in Lent. if) highest. Squally. T? 90° E. ®, Fair. Noon at 0 12 4S.

©	<2>
Sun	Sun
rises.	sets.
H . M .	H. M.
7 1	4 50
7 0	5 0
6 59	5 1
6 58	5 2
6 57	5 3

m

Sun's dec. S.

56|5

545 535 525 51|5 50;5 48J5 47l5 46J5 44!5 43J5 42 5

41 39

3SJ5

6 37

6 35 6 34 6 33 5 6 3115

6 30 J5 6 29 j5

6 2715

1745

28 20

•	©
Moon	Moon
rises.	south.
H. M.	H. M.
4 48	morn.
5 49	0 24
6 50	1 9
7 51	1 52
8 52	2 33
9 53	3 14
10 56	3 55
morn.	4 38
0 1	5 23
1 10	6 12
2 20	7 6
3 32	8 6
4 40	9 9
5 44	10 15
6 33	11 19
' sets.	ev. 18
6 55	1 14
8 10	2 6
9 23	2 55
10 33	3 43
11 41	4 30
morn.	5 19
0 49	6 9
1 54	6 59
2 57	7 51
3 51	8 42
4 39	9 32
5 19	10 20

High i water.

8 551

9 33 10 9!

10 42 ;

11 li i 11

43 13

0 46

1 21

2 1

2 48

3 56

5 21

6 53

7 3

8 57

9 467T

10 33

11 14 11 56 morn.

0 34

6 42

Question.— If a cellar 22-5 feet long, 17-3 feet wide, 10-25 feet deep, and of 2-6 degrees of hardness, be dug by 6 men, in 2-5 days, of 12-3 hours each, what will it eost to get another dug, which will be 45 fuet long, 34-6 wide, 12*3 deep, and of l|| degrees of hardness, if 9 men work, at 3-J-J shillings (York) each, per day of S-2 hours?

3. MARCH. Begins on Thursday, has 31 days. 1855. I
	Prob, 5. — Required the solid contents
Moon's Phases.	of a Wedding king, the width of the flat
	side being	' \ of an inch, its thickness Tl6 of
D. H. M.	an inch, and the diani. inside -% of an ineh?
Full Moon, 3 5 12 e.	■
Last Quarter, 10 11 4 e.	Prob. ( pole that	5. — "What is the longest straight can be run up a chimney, the
New Moon, 17 11 50 e.	height of	the mantle being 4 feet and the
First Quarter, 25 6 30 "m.	depth from front to back 16 inches?
	Prob. 7. — Required the surface and so-
c o			®	®	0	CJ	9	@
s		Phenomena,	Sun	Sun	Sun's	CI 'a,	Moon	Moon	High
c	o	Chronology, etc.	rises.	sets.	dec.S.		sets.	south.	water.
p			H.M.	H. M.	O '		II. M.	H. M.	H. M.
1	TIlll	Daybreak 5 4.	6 26	5 34	7 36	20	5 56	11 6	7 52
2	Fri	Mars in £?. Cold\6 25	5 35	7 13	SI	6 23	11 50	8 38
3	Sat	9 on equator, and	6 24	5 36	6 51	14	rises.	morn.	9 15
4	G	Noon at 0 11 59.	6 22	5 38	6 27	26	6 44	0 32	9 48
5	lion	© on equator, wet.	6 21	5 39	6 5	*K	7 46	1 13	10 18
6	Tae	$ Inf. 6®. Windy	6 19	5 41	5 41	21	8 48	1 54	10 45
7	Wed	Daybr'k 4 54. and	6 18	5 42	5 17	jr>.	9 54	2 36	11 15
8	rhu	® at g. snowy.	6 17	5 43	4 55	16	11 1	3 20	11 44
9	Pri	Venus south 1 28.	6 15	5 45	4 30	29	morn.	4 8	ev. 14
10	Sal	Noon at 0 10 31.	6 14	5 46	4 7	m	0 10	5 0	0 50
11	G	% south 10 12	6 13	5 47	3 44	26	1 21	5 56	1 29
12	Mori	% in Capri. Rain	6 11	5 49	3 20	t	2 28	6 56	2 17
b	Tue	Daybreak 4 44. or	6 10	5 50	2 57	25	3 30	7 59	3 28
14	Wed	<? near Equinox.	6 9	5 51	2 33	vs	4 23	9 1	5 5
■'l5	lliii	Jackson bo. 1767.	6 7	5 53	2 9	24	5 6	10 1	6 44
+ 16	Fri	Noon at 0 8 51.	6 6	5 54	1 46»		*P»4>	i4»57	7 53l
17	Sat	St. Patrick's Day.	6 4	5 56	1 21	24	sets.	11-50	8 46
18	G	Calhoun'bo. 1*/S2.	6 3	5 57	0 59	K	6 56 ev. 41	9 28
il9	Won	Dayb'k 4 34. snow.	6 2	5 58	0 35	23	8 9	1 30	10 10
120	i'ue	® enters X- Fair	6 0	6 0	S. 10	T	9 21	2 19	10 49
,21	Wed	® at S2. Warm.	5 59	6 1	N. 12	20	10 31	3 8	11 27
122	rim	Noon at 0 7 4.	5 58	6 2	0 37	8	11 39	3 "59	morn.
; 23	Pri	§)nearf2- Cloudy.	5 56	6 4	1 0	16	morn.	4 51	0 3
24	Sal	Venus south 1 37^	5 55	6 5	1 23	28	0 45	5 43	0 38
25	G	Anun. B. V. Mary.	5 54	6 6	1 48	ri	1 43	6 35	1 IS
26	Hon	Daybreak 4 23	5 52 6 8	2 11	23	2 36	7 26	2 3
27	Fue	% south 9 22.	5 51	6 9	2 35	5E2	3 19 8 15	3 4
128	Wed	Pallas discov. 1802.	5 50	6 10	2 59	16	3 55! 9 2	4 35
1 29	Thu	9 south 1 40.	5 48	6 12	3 21	28	4 26J 9 47	6 8
|!30	Fri	$ in >£. Stormy.	5 47	6 13	3 45	SI	4 52|10 29	7 23
131	Sat	Calhoun di. 1850.	5 46	6 14	4 7	22	5 15J11 11	8 7

4. APRIL.

Begins on Sunday, has 30 days.

1855.

Moon's Phases.

Full Moon,

Last Quarter,

New Moon,

First Quarter, 24 1 1

D. H. M.

2 9 33 m. 9 4 40 e.

16 10 9 m.

M.

lidity of a body bounded by 20 equilateral triangles, a side of which is 1 foot ?

'Prob. 8. — From the middle of each side of an equilateral triangular field, to a spring within, are 10, 20, and 30 rods, Re- quired the sides, and area of the field ?

Prob. 9. — Two wagon wheels, 4, and 5 feet in diameter, standing upright, are made to touch each other on the tires. How far from the ground will the point of contact be ?

1 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Hi lis

19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 7 28 29 30

G Hon tie Wed Till] M Sal G Moil Toe Wed Tim Pri Sat G lion Tue Wed Tim Pri Sat G Won Tue \M Thu Fri Sat G ,1ion

Phenomena, Chronology, etc.

Palm Sunday. Rain 5 44 6 Jefferson b. 1743. or 5 43 6 9 in Aries. snow 5 42 6 Harrison di. 1841. 5 41 6 $ in ^. about now. 5 40 6 G-ood Friday. 5 39 6

Daybreak 3 59. 5 38 6 Easter. Warm 5 36 6

Mars 6 Sun. days 5 35 6 Noon at 0 1 22. 5 34 6 Moon near % . and 5 32 6 H. Clay bo. 1777. 5 31 6 Daybreak 3 48. 5 30 6 <D on equa. sunshine. 5 28 6 Low Sun. Growing 5 27 6 Noan _at i^59 49. 5 26 6 F|fefliS^CTf7§0. 5 25 6 VTre.King d. 1853. 5 23 6 Daybreak 3 37. 5 22 6 ® enters T. weather. & 21 6 §) highest. Rain. 5 19 6 Noon at 11 58 29.5 18 6 St. George. 5 17 6

Mar3 in Aries. 5 16 6

St. Mark. Windy. 5 15 6 9 N. of Aldebaran. 5 13 6 % so. 7 42. Hot. 5 12 6 Noon at 11 57 24.5 116 9 south 2 10. 5 10 6

1 9 in & . Stormy. 5 8 6

Sun

rises.

H.M.

® Sun

sets.

H. M.

®

Sun's dec.S,

16

17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 37 38

sy

41

42 43 4 45

47 48 49 50 52

31 54 17 41

3

25 49 10 34 b6 17 40

1 22 45

5 27 49

9 29 51 10 30 51 10 29 49

7 26

Moon rises.

H. M.

Moon south.

H. M.

High

water. h . M.

46126

5,37

6 40

7 44

8 52

10 2

11 11 morn.

0 22

1 25

2 19 4

40 10 37 sets 6 58 8 9

10 28

11 31 morn.

0 28

1 15

1 55

2 27

2 55

3 19

3 4*

4 0 4 21

11 52 morn.

0 34

1 18

2 5

10 29

11 18

ev. 6

0 55

g 46

*2 38

3 32

4 26

5 18

6 9

6 56

7 42

8 25

9 6 9 47

10 29

11 13

8 43|

9 14 9 46

10 13 10 44

16 49

ev. 27

10

5

3 24

5 5

6 34

36

23

44 21

10 57

11 34 morn.

0 11 0 52

36 33

58 20 33 23 1

Question 2. — What is the value of % when, x*Sx — 8=7^~ (*/x-~%) ?

w

5. MAY.

Begins on Tuesday, has 31 days.

1855.

Moon's Phases.

Full Moon, Last Quarter, New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon,

D.

1

8 15 23 31

H. 11

10 9 7 9

M.
7	E.
6	E.
17	E.
6	E.
52	M.

Prob. 10. — With what velocity must a ball be projected horizontally, at the top of a mountain 5 miles high, that it may go round the earth and arrive at the same point, and so on eternally, the earth's di- ameter being 7912 miles, and no atmos- pheric resistance being considered?

PrOb. 11. — What are the least four num- bers that will weigh any number of pounds from 1 to 100, and the weight of each ?

Phenomena, Chronology, etc.

®

Sun

rises.

H.M.

Tlie St. Philip & James. 5 Wed I Venus near Saturn. 5 rilllkl- in Aquari. Hot 5 Fri [Noon at 11 56 38.5 Sal ;<§) lowest, weather. 5

G \ Venus in y's Horn. 5 lion : Daybreak 3 4. Rain 5 Tlie Bat. Palo Alto 1846. 4 Wed ?2 in Taurus. and 4 ThiiiRiot inN. Y. 1849.4 Jffi iMoon on equator. 4 Sftt !'§ in ft. thunder. 4

G jliogation Sunday. 4 Hon pay b'k 2 54. Cloudy 4 TUC © near Mars. Look 4

®

Sun

sets.

H. M.

66 5;6 4J6 36

ffifiJNoon at 11 56 7. 4 IllH Ascension Day. out 4 fil <D highest. for a A Sat Daybreak 2 45. |4 G |?4- in $?. drought.* 4 I MoH I Sun enters ft. NowA TnelNoon at 11 56 22.4 Wed I Venus south 2 39. J4 '\\\\\\% south 6 9. look A

2 1

0 59

57 56 55 54 53 52 52 51 50

4917

4817

Fri

Sal G .lion Tne Wed Tliii

Daybreak 2 36. for Calvin died 1564. Pentecost, a storm. Noon at 11 56 56. with heavy winds. Pope died 1794. 9 south of Pollux.

m	0) o
Sun's	cti
decN	Q
	3
15 3	-A.
15 21	22
15 40	m
15 57	20
16 13	$
16 31	18
16 48	VS
17 4	16
17 20	30
17 37	MV
17 52	29
18 7	K
18 22	26
18 37	r
18 51	23
19 5	8
19 18	19
19 33	n
19 46	14
19 59	26
20 10	E5
20 22	20
20 35	ft
20 46	14
20 57	26
20 7	TTS
21 17	21
21 27	-TL.
21 37	17
21 46	m
21 55	15

Moon rises.

H. M.

Moon High south, water.

h. M.

rises. 7 48 9 0

10 12

11 18 morn.

0 16

2 40

3 5

29 53

sets.

8 10

9 17

10 16

11 7 11 51 morn.

0 26

0 56

1 21

1 42

2 4

rises. 7 56

11 59

morn.

0 49

10 46

11 36

ev. 27

20 14

8

0 49 35 19

1 42 23

5 50

10 39

11 32 morn.

H. M.

8 37

9 7

10 51

11 31

ev. 15 1 5 2- 7 3 27

9 59 10 36

morn. 0 32

1*

07 10 24

5 25

6 21

6. JUNE.

Begins on Friday, has 30 days.

1855.

Moon's Phases.

Last Quarter, 7 2 | New Moon,. 14 9 First Quarter, 22 11 Full Moon, 29 6 18 e.

M.

52 m. 33 m. 56 m.

Pkob. 12. — If Pennsylvania be bounded by the latitudes of 39° 42' and 42° 15' N. arid the meridian of 74° 44' and 80° 34' W. of Greenwich, how many square miles in the state, the earth's diameter being 7912 miles?

Pros. 13.— Require the amount of $2000 for 10 years at 7 per cent., interest being compound every instant ?

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15

17

«

ifri

Set ft* How

PrIW

Wed

riiu

Pri

;xai

G

Hon

rue

Wed

Hira

Fri

*al

G

Hon

Flit1

Wwl

Ifri Sal

G

Mon

Tu

Wed

ihu

Pri

Silt

Phenomena, Chronology, etc.

Daybreak 2 29. §) lowest. Hazy. i'riuity Sunday, Noon at li 57 56. Moon near Jupiter. Jackson di. 1845. Daybreak 2 25. ® on equa. Cloudy. f) N. of Aldebarau. Noon at 11 59 2. St. Barnabas. 9 in .Cancer's Neb. Daybreak 2 23. 5 gr. elong. E. Fair J.K. Polkdi. 1849 fDhigh'st. and warm. 2d Sun. aft. Trinity. % in ^. jEfrtf ara2 Daybreak 2 22. QJ. south 4 28. u?i <2) ent n. comfortable Noon at 0 1 34. 7|. stationary. Rain. St. John Baptist. Daybreak 2 23. S in Taurus. Windy. Jupiter south 4 0. Thunder Storms H. Clay di. 1852. 9 in the Sickle of ft

m	m	m	oi	m	®
Sun	Sun	Sun's	"E.	Moon	iMoon
rises.	sets.	dec.N	a	rises.	south.
H. M. 4 38	H. M.	o /	5;	H. M.	H. M. 0 31
7 22	22 3	29	9 6
4 3b	7 22	22 11	t	10 9	1 34
4 3?	7 23	22 18	28	11 1	2 37
4 37	7 23	22 26	VS	11 43	3 39
4 36	7 24	22- 33	27	morn.	4 38
4 36	7 24	22 40	Aw"	0 18	5 32
4 35	7 25	22 46	25	0 46	6 22
4 35	7 25	■22 52	K	1 10	7 9
4 35	7 25	22 57	■23	1 34	7 56
4 34	7 26	23 1	T	1 57	8 42
4 34	7 26	23 5	20	2 23	9 30
4 34	7 26	23 S	8	2 53	10 20
4 33	7 27	23 13	15	sets.	11 11
4 33	7 27	23 16	28	8 4	ev. 5
4 33	7 27	23 19	n	9 0	0 59
4 33	7 27	23 21	23	9 49	1 52
4 33	7 27	23 23	53	10 25	2 42
4 32	7 28	23 25	17	10 56	3 30
4 32	7 28	23 26	28	11 23	4 14
4 32	7 28	23 27	ft	11 46	4 56
4 32	7 28	23 27	22	morn.	5 37
4 32	7 28	23 27	ire	0 7	6 17
4 32	7 28	23 26	;7	0 27	6 58
4 32	7 28	23 26	2$	0 48	7 41
4 32	7 28	23 24	rCb	1 9	8 27
4 33	7 27	23 23	25	1 36	9 18
4 33	7 27	23 20	lU	2 8	10 14
1 33	7 2;	23 18	23	2 50	11 }6
4 33	7 27	23 15	1	rises.	morn.
4 33	7 27	23 12	23	8*53	0 20

High water.

HE. M.

9 14

9 56 10 37 !1 24

ev. 12| 1

2

4

2S| 28 I 32 J 27 J 15!

V| 9 43 I

10 22!_

11 37 morn.

0 14

0 54

1 38

2 23

3 18 21 18 IJ6 J2

2 52

Question 3.— What is the value of #, when ^+4^3— 8^==19 1840 ?

• V

>■> > •% V* * \fc „ . .*% ^ %V%

wiv • >*%%*•>

7. JULY.

Begins on Sunday, has 31 days.

1855.

Last Quarter, 6 New Moon, 13 First Quarter, 22 Full Moon, 29

as H.	es. M.
8	33	M.
8	5	E.
2	56	M.
1	26	M.

Prob. 14. — The bulge diameter of a cheese is 19 inches, its side diameter 18 inches, its depth through the centre of the sides 7 inches, and depth at the edges of the same, 6 inches. What are its solid contents, the curvature of its surface being circular ?

Prob. 15. — Required the surface and so- lidity of a body that will exactly fill, the largest triangular hole cut through a globe 40 inches in diameter ?

o 6

7

9 10 11 12 13 14

G

Son

Fne

Wed

fhn

[hi

M,

G

lion

Tne

Wed

riin

i^ri

Sat

wtwr€r

M\\ Tue Wed

rim

Fri

Sal G M\ Tue WkA rim Fri Sat G Son 31 Tue

16 17 18

19

20 21 22 23

24

25 26 27 28 29 30

Phenomena, Chronology, etc.

Daybreak 2 26. ® near %. Dusty. &orth in Aphelion. Independence. ® on equator. ?2 near Mars. Sheridan died 1816. f> at 8. Dry.

Brad, defeat 1755. Noon at 0 4 58. J.Q. Adams b. 1767. £ inf. 6 ®. Rain. Daybreak 2 39. Yenus in Leo. and 6 th Sun. aft. Trinity. Noon at 0 5 42. f) near 9- f°gEV- Venus south 3 6. Daybreak 2 46. % south 2 25. Venus at g . Clear. Noon at 0 6 8. 9 greatest elong. E. 9 south 3 3. Hot. St. James. St. Anne. Hotter. Venus south 3 1 . Noon at 0 6 12. <D in peri. Hottest Dog Days begin. 9 in Leo. Rain.

®

Sun

rises.

H.M.

34 34 34 35

35

36

36

37

37

38

38

39

39

40

41

41

42

43

43

44

45

46

47

47

48|7

497

5017

5l|7

527

53 7

54i7

Sun

sets.

H. M.

Sun's dec. N

23	8
23	4
22	59
22	55
22	50
22	44
22	38
22	30
22	23
22	16
22	8
22	0
21	53
21	44
21	34
21	24
21	14
21	4
20	54
20	43
20	32
20	19
20	7
19	55
19	43
19	29
19	15
19	]
18	48
18	34
18	19

	o	V
•H.	Moon	Moon	High
'a c	rises.	south .	water.
c	H. M.	H. M.	H. M.
9 40	1 25	9 41
23	10 17	2 27	10 32
AW	10 48	3 25	11 19
22	11 13	4 17	ev. 9
XE	11 37	5 7	1 1
20	morn.	5 54	1 55
°f	0 2	6 41	2 50
16	0 26	7 28	3 49
29	0 54	8 16	4 52
a	1 2S	9 7	5 58
25	2 5	9 59	7 2
H	2 53	10 52	7 58
19	sets.	11 46	8 48
£B	8 24	ev. 37	9 30
13	8 58	1 25	10 10
25	9 25	2 11	10 45
SI	9 50	2 54	11 20
19	10 11	3 34	11 52
W	10 31	4 14	morn.
13	10 51	4 54	0 28
25	11 12	5 35	1 4
-n.	11 35	6 18	1 41
20	morn.	7 6	2 22
m	0 4	7 58	3 12
17	0 40	8 56	4 39
t	1 26	9 59	5 25
16	2 26	11 4	6 40
V?	rises.	morn.	7 44
17	8 13	0 9	8 42
AV/ AW	8 45	1 10	| 9 33
17	9 15	2 7	10 22

8. AUGUST. Begins on Wednesday, has 31 days. 1855.

Moon's Phases

Last Quarter, 4 New Moon, 12 First Quarter, 20 Full Moon, 27

H. 4 1 3

8

M.
46	E.
58	E.
39	E.
14	M.

Prob. 16. — What is the distance in an air-line, between two points in Lat. 85° N. whose difference of longitude is 170°, the Earth's diameter being 7912-4 miles?

Prob. 17. — Required the surface and so- lidity, of a solid that will exactly fill the largest square hole cut centrally through a globe, whose diameter is 10 feet?

Prob. 18. — How far will a globe 4 feet

c c Q	13
1	Wed
2	ill ii
3	Fri
4	Sal.
5	9JT
6	Hon
7	Tue
8	Wed
9	Tim
10	Fri
11	Sal
12	G
13	Mon
14	Tne
15	Wed
16	Urn
17	Fri
18	Sat
19	G
20	Mon
2!	! lie
22	Wed
23	I'll ii
24	Fri
25	Sal
26	G
27	Hon
28	Tne
29	Wed
30	I'll n
31	fri

Phenomena, Chronology, etc.

5gr. elon.W. Pleas- l)ay break 3 4. ant < Burr's Trial 1807. Noon at 0 5 50. with <■ <§) near Uranus. a Transfiguration. Daybreak 3 14. <§) highest. shower ; Moon east of Mars. St. Lawrence. *2 in y. occasionally. 10th Sun. aft. Trin. Daybreak 3 23. Mars in EL Quite i % in Aqua. warm. \ Bat. Benning. 1777. % south 0 23. f> at g. Cloudy I

Daybreak 3 32 % in Capricorn, and i % 180° E. of Sun. Noon at 0 2 45. O enters S\. looks \ Daybreak 3 40. Venus brightest. 12th Sun. aft. Trin. ® in peri, like rain. \ St. Augustine. John Bapt. behead. % so. 11 21. Fair. i <D at its ascend. £•

0	m	€>	o	m	o
Sun	Sun	Sun's	"a,	Moon	Moon
rises.	sets.	dec	.-JH	c	rises.	south.
H.M.	H. M.	o		o 2	H. M.	H. M.
4 55	7 5	18	4	X	9 40	2 59
4 56	7 4	17	49	16	10 5	3 49
4 57	7 3	17	34	30	10 29	4 37
4 58	7 2	17	17	°r°	10 57	5 24
4 59	7 1	17	1	26	11 28	6 13
5 0	7 0	16	46	»	morn.	7 4
5 1	6 59	16	28	22	0 5	7 56
5 2	6 58	16	11	H	0 49	8 48
5 3	6 57	15	55	16	1 40	9 41
5 *	6 56	15	38	28	2 37	10 33
5 6	6 54	15	19	52	3 37	11 22
5 7	6 53	15	1	22	sets.	ev. 8
5 8	6 52	14	44	SI	7 54	0 52
5 9	6 51	14	24	16	8 16	1 33
5 10	6 50	14	6	28	8 36	2 13
5 11	6 49	13	48	iffi	8 56	2 53
5 13	6 47	13	28	22	9 16	3 33
5 14	6 46	13	9	-TU	9 37	4 15
5 15	6 45	12	50	16	10 3	4 59
5 16	6 44	12	30	29	10 34	5 48
5 17	6 43	12	10	Til	11 15	6 42
5 19	6 41	11	51	26	morn.	7 41
5 20	6 40	11	29	1	0 7	8 44
5 21	6 39	11	9	25	1 12	9 4S
5 22	6 38	10	49	V5	2 26	10 50
5 23	6 37	10	27	25	rises.	11 49
5 25	6 35	10	7	aw'	7 12	morn.
5 26	6 34	9	46	26	7 39	0 44
5 27	6 33	9	24	H	8 4	1 37
5 29	6 31	9	3	25	8 29	2 27
5 30	6 30	8	42	T	8 57	3 16

High water.

H. M.

11 8 11 54 ev. 42

1 Q

2

3

o

m

10 25 45 49

8 40

9 20 9 56

10 28

10 Wf

11 27 11 55 morn .

0 27 j

1 2

1 39

2 24

8 32

9 21 10 8

10 49

11 31

w

9. SEPTEMBER. Begins on Saturday, has 30 days. 1855.

Moon's Phases.

D.

3 11

Last Quarter, New Moon, First Quarter, 19 Full Moon, 25

M.

29

58

6

30

in diameter, sink in water, it being f as heavy ?

Prob. 19. — A circular garden is enclosed with a wall, to which a horse is tied with a rope as long as the wall. If he can feed j over 2 acres of land, how long is his rope, anc^what the diameter of garden?

Prob. 20. — A tree in falling, lodged against another tree. If its weight be 5 tons, and it leans at an angle of 45°, what

d Q	^j 9		®	€>	©	a	@	•
S	<D	Phenomena,	Sun	Sun	Sun's	a,	Moon	Moon	High
0	O	Chronology, etc.	rises.	sets.	dec.N	C	rises.	south.	water.
Q	P Sat		H. M.	H. M.		^	H. M'.	H. M.	H. M.
1	Daybreak 3 49.	5 31	6 29	8 19	13	9 27	4 7	0 11
2	G	9 so. 1 58. Warm.	5 33	6 27	7 59	«	10 3	4 58	0 51
3	Mon	% south 11 3.	5 34	6 26	7 37	IS	10 45	5 50	1 31
4	Tiic	Noon at 11 58 58.	5 35	8 25	7 14	H	11 35	6 44	2 20
5	Wed	f) highest. Wet.	5 36	3 24	6 52	13	morn.	7 37	3 27
6	M	La Fayette bo. 1757.	5 38	6 22	6 29	25	0 30	8 29	4 57
7	M	Daybreak 3 56.	i 39	6 21	tf 7	£P	1 30	9 19	6 20
8	Sat	9 stationary. Fair.	? 40	6 20	3 45	19	2 32	10 6	7 35
9	'or	14th Sun. aft. Trin.	5 42	6 18	5 21	SI	3 33	10 51	8 22
10	Hon	Dog Days end.	5 43	6 17	4 59	13	sets.	11 33	9 1
11	Tne	Ba.Plattsburg 1814.	5 44	6 16	4 37	25	6 40	ev. 13	9 31
12	Wed	Moon near Venus.	5 46	6 14	4 13	TTR	7 1	0 53	10 0
13	rhB	Daybreak 4 3. Look	5 47	6 13	3 51	19	7 20	1 32	10 30
14	Pri	% in Capricorn.	5 48	6 12	3 27	-n-	7 4]	2 14	10 56
\ g	Sat	Sur. of N. Y. 1776.	5 50	6 10	3 4	13	8 6	2 57	11 26
\6	G	Noon at 11 54 52.	5 51	6 9	3 42	26	8 34	3 44	11 54
17	lion	9 near $. for a	5 52	6 8	2 18	HI	9 10	4 35	morn.
18	Tue	Venus south 0 50.	5 54	6 6	1 55	22	9 57	5 31	0 26
19	Wed	Daybreak 4 10.	5 55	6 5	1 32	*	10 56	6 30	1 4
20	Dm	Saturn south 6 3.	5 56	6 4	1 8	19	morn.	7 32	1 50
21	Pri	St. Matthew, storm.	5 58	6 2	0 45	V5	0 2	8 33	2 58
22	Sat	Noon at 11 52 45.	5 59	6 1	N". 21	19	1 20	9 32	4 34
23	©	1 6th Sun. aft. Trin.	6 0	6 0	S. 1	^v	2 40	10 28	6 14
24	Mon	Moon in perigee.	6 2	5 58	0 25	19	4 0	11 21	7 25
25	Tue	5 in Aphelion.	6 3	5 57	0 49	}£	rises.	morn.	8 17
26	Wed	Daybreak 4 18.	6 4	5 56	1 12	19	6 28	0 12	9 0
27	Tim	<D at 2. Windy.	6 6	5 54	1 36	T	6 54	1 3	9 42
28	M	Nroon at 11 50 42.	6 7	5 53	1 59	17	7 24	1 54	10 22
29	Sat	Michaelmas Pay.	6 8	5 52	2 22	W	7 58	2 47	11 2
30	G	St. Jerome.	6 10	5 50	2 46	14	8 36	3 40	11 41

Question 4. — What is the value of x, when */ (x — y)+v'(1 — x)~x'}'

■ -"- IJM " — — -'■ """ "1 10. OCTOBER. Begins on Monday, has 31 days. 1855.
	will be the pressure against the stump, and
Moon's Phases.	the standing tree ?
	Prob. 21. — A conical wine-glass 12 in-
D. H. M.	ches deep and 10 inches in diameter, is i
Last Quarter, 2 6 10 e.	full of water. How large a ball may be
New Moon, 10 10 30 e.	dropped in, and be just covered?
First Quarter, 18 10 43 m.	Pbob. 22.— If 100 cattle cost $100, and
Full Moon, 25 2 32 m.	some $10, some $1, and some $§ a piece,
	how many of each where there ?
g c		€> €>	m	o	®	#
1		Phenomena,	Sun	Sun	Sun's	a	Moon	Moon	High
o	o	Chronology, etc.	rises.	sets.	dec.S.	c	rises.	south.	water.
Q			H.M.	H. M.	O '	£ 2	H. M.	H. M.	H. M.
1	Mou	Daybreak 4 25.	6 11	5 49	3 9	27	9 35	4 35	ev. 18
2	Tue	Andre execu. 1780.	6 12	5 48	3 33	n	10 19	5 30	0 59
3	Wed	$ in TTJ. Colder.	6 14	5 46	3 56	22	11 20	6 24	1 49
4	Tim	Bat. German. 1777.	6 15	5 45	4 18	52	morn.	7 15	2 54
5	Pri	Tj enters n . Storms.	6 16	5 44	4 43	ib	0 23	8 3	4 28
6	Sat	©apo. ® near <J.	6 18	5 42	5 5	2b	1 25	8 48	6 0
7	G	Daybreak 4 32.	6 19	5 41	5 28	SI	2 25	9 31	7 9
8	Son	Tj. south 8 34.	6 20	5 40	5 52	21	3 27	10 12	7 52
9	Tue	Pulaski died 1779.	6 22	5 38	6 14	TIB	4 26	10 52	8 28
10	Wed	Noon at 11 47 6.	6 23	5 37	6 37	16	sets.	11 32	8 58
11	Thu	$gr. elong.E. Wet	6 24	5 36	6 59	2S	5 48	ev. 13	9 26
12	Erj	America dis. 1492.	6 26	5 34	7 22	jTl.	6 12	0 56	9 53
13	Sal	Daybreak 4 3*.	6 27	5 33	7 45	23	6 35	1 42	10 25
14	G	19th Sun. aft. Trin.	6 28	5 32	8 7	m	7 10	2 32	10 54
15	Hon	$ nearRegulus. and	6 30	5 30	8 29	19	7 54	3 26	ll 2H
16	Tue	Noon at 11 45 41.	6 31	5 29	8 52	*	8 47	4 24	morn.
17	Wed	Burgoyne sur. 1777.	6 33	5 28	9 13	16	9 51	5 23	0 3
IS	fhu	St. Luke.	6 34	5 26	9 36	30	11 3	6 23	0 45
19	m	Cornwallis sur. 1781.	6 35	5 25	9 58	V5	morn.	7 21	1 36
20	Sat	Saturn in Taurus.	6 36	5 24	10 19	28	0 20	8 16	2 50
21	G	9 in Leo. muddy.	6 38	5 22	10 4-1	AW	1 36	9 8	4 30
22	Mon	Noon at 11 44 36.	6 39	5 21	11 2	28	2 52	9 59	6 2
23	Tue	Sun enters Libra.	6 40	5 20	11 23	X	4 8	10 49	7 4
24	Wed	Moon eclipsed, visi.	6 41	5 19	11 45	27	rises.	11 39	7 57
25	Thu	Daybreak 4 50.	6 43	5 17	12 5	°f	5 18	morn.	8 34
26	Fri	©east of J#. Fair.	6 44	5 16	12 25	25	5 52	0 31	9 17
27	Sat	S east of Regulus.	6 45	5 15	12 47	»	6 29	1 25	9 56
28	G	21st Sun. aft. Trin.	6 46	5 14	13 6	22	7 15	2 21	10 35
29	[Hon	©highest. Cloudy.	6 48	5 12	13 26	n	8 7	3 17	11 14
30	Tue	J. Adams bo. 1735.	6 49	5 11	13 47	18	9 17	4 13	11 54
31	Wed	9 at the equinox.	6 50 5 10	14 5	30	10 10	5 7ev. 36]

w

11. NOVEMBER. Begins on Thursday, has 30 days. 1855.
	Pkob. 23. — A bullet discharged at an an-
Moon's Phases.	gle of 30° , struck the ground in 20 seconds. With what velocity did it leave the gun,
D. H. M.	how high did it go, and how far?
Last Quarter, 1 0 22 e.	Prob. 24.— A and B, with C, half of the
New Moon, 9 2 36 e.	.time, can do a piece of work in 5 4 days ;
First Quarter, 16 6 19 e. Full Moon, 23 2 56 e.	B and C, with 1) half of the time can do it in 6 days; C and D, with A half of the time, can do it in 7 days ; D and A, with B half of the time, can do it in 8 days. In
3			m	0	0	o	o	9
%		Phenomena,	Sun	Sun	Sun's	■fi	Moon	Moon	High
%	o	Chronology, etc.	rises.	sets.	dec.S.	c	rises.	south.	water.
Q 1	Thu		H. M.	H. M".		<5	H. M.	H. M.	H. M.
Daybreak 4 57.	6 o\	5 9	14 25	53	11 13	5 57	1 24
2	M	9 so. 9 19. Cold	6 53	5 7	14 45	24	morn.	6 44	2 23
3	at	# apo. § Inf. 6 ®.	6 54	5 6	15 3	SI	0 14	7 27	3 48
4	i*	Noon at 11 43 43.	6 55	5 5	15 22	18	1 15	8 9	5 11
5	Bob	® near 9- nights	6 56	5 4	15 41	30	2 15	8 49	6 19
6	sue	9 brightest. awd	6 57	5 3	15 59	n	3 15	9 29	7 11
7	Wed	Daybreak 5 4.	6 58	5 2	16 16	24	4 16	10 9	7 4S
£	tim	® at £$ . cold dews	7 0	5 C	16 35	-/V	5 24	10 52	8 21
9	i'\i	O eclip. vis. Frost.	7 1	1 59	16 52	19	sets.	11 37	8 51
10	<R\	Milton died 1674.	7 r2	4 58	17 8	m	5 11	ev. 27	9 26
11	G	23d Sun. aft. Trin.	7 3	4 57	17 25	15	5 52	1 21	9 57
12	Soil	5 station. perhaps	7 4	1 56	17 42	29	6 42	2 18	10 32
13	he	Daybreak 5 10.	7 5	4 b^	17 58	t	7 44	3 18	11 10
14	Weil	% in Capri. rain	7 6	4 54	18 13	•26	8 54	4 18	11 51	I
15	III!	Saturn in Taurus.	7 7	4 53	18 29	V5	10 9	5 16	morn.	I
16	l?fi	Boston T Party '73.	7 8	4 5;	18 45	25	11 23	6 11	0 37	9
17	m	Jupiter south 6 2.	7 9	4 51	18 59	AAA-	morn.	7 2	1 34	i
18	G	Mars south 7 26.	7 1C	4 50	19 13	23	0 38	7 52	2 46	1
19	Hon	Daybreak 5 15.	7 11	4 49	19 28	X	1 51	8 40	4 12	I
20	Tuu	® on equa. Smoky	7 12	4 4^	19 42	21	3 3	9 28	5 32	:
2]	Wed	® at SJ . # ?id ^/2r?/i	7 13	4 47	19 56	OjC	4 16	10 1b^	6 33	1
22	riiii	Noon at 11 46 17.	7 14	4 46	20 8	2:"'	5 29	11 10	7 24	i
23	Sri	St. Clement.	7 15	4 45	20 21	8	rises.	morn.	8 12 1
24	Sat	Mars in Leo. Fair	7 15	4 45	20 34	17	5 3	0 5	8 56 I
25	G	25th Sun. aft. Trin.	7 16	4 44	20 46	30	5 53	1 2	9 36 1
26	Ion	Venus N. of Spica.	7 17	4 43	20 58	n	6 52	1 59	10 IS!
27	FU€	% south 5 26. and	7 18	4 42	21 8	26	7 55	2 55	10 57 j
28	Wed	Baron Stuben d. '94.	7 19	4 4!	21 ]S	53	8 59	3 48	11 37.1
29	Thu	Mars south 7 4.	7 19	4 41	|21 29	20	10 2	4 36	ev. 19 ||
30	Fri	St. Andrew, warm.	7 20	4 40!21 40	Sllil 2	5 22	1 3	i
Question 5. — What is the value of % when, ^ — 12^3+44A/? — 48^-= 9 ?

*■*

112. DECEMBER. Begins on Saturday, has 31 days. 1855.
what time can each do it alone, and in
Moon's Phases.	what time, all working together?
D. H. M. Last Quarter, 1 9 16 m.	Pkob. 25. — Three sons, whose ages are 8,
10 and 12 years are to share $16,000, so that the parts of each, when placed at 7
New Moon, 9 5 22 m.	per cent, compound interest, shall all be
First Quarter, 16 2 1m.	equal when each is 21 years old. What
Full Moon, 23 5 43 m.	is the share of each ?
Last Quarter, 31 7 9 m.	Prob. 26.— Given x4—^x3+1^X2—12X =5 to find x-
a c	O)		®	<v>	© g	»	# 1
%		Phenomena,	Sun	Sun	Sun's	'a,	Moon	Moon	High
o >>	'o	Chronology, etc.	rises.	sets.	dec.S.	0	rises.	south.	water.
1 A 1	Q Sat		H.M.	H. M.	0 1	0 4*	H. M.	H. M.	H. M.
Daybreak 5 27.	7 21	4 39	21 49	14	morn.	6 4	1 50
2	G	Advent Sunday.	7 21	4 39	21 59	22	0 3	6 44	2 48
3	lon f) east of $. Freezes	7 22	4 38	22 6	m	1 2	7 24	4 1
4	Tlie Noon at 11 50 22.	7 23	4 37	22 15	20	2 2	S 4	5 8
5	Wed ® at £ . up very	7 23	4 37	22 23	_rv	3 4	8 45	6 6
6	Tlui	YanBurenbo.1782.	7 24	4 36	22 30	15	3 59	9 20	6 59
7	Fri	Daybreak 5 33.	7 24	4 36	22 38	28	5 16	10 17	7 39
. 8	Sat	<f) near $. fast.	7 25	4 35	22 45	m	sets.	11 10	8 19
9	G	2d Sun. in Advent.	7 25	4 35	22 51	25	4 26	ev. 7	8 58
10	Mon	Noon at 11 52 58.	7 25	4 35	22 56	t	5 33	1 8	9 40
11	TllC ?46° 49' W. of <§>,	7 26	4 34	23 0	23	6 37	2 10	10 21
12	Wed 5 at JJ. Snow or	7 26	4 34	23 5	vs	7 57	3 10	11 4
13	Tim	Daybreak 5 37. cold	7 26	4 34	23 9	21	9 14	4 7	11 49
14	Fri	Washington d. 1799.	7 27	4 33	23 13	AW AW	10 20	5 0	morn.
15 16	Sal	5 in periheli. rain.	7 27	4 33	23 17	20	11 42	4 50	0 39
G	Gr. fire N. Y. 1835.	7 27	4 33	23 20	X	morn.	6 37	1 34
>7	Slon 9 E. Spica. Cloudy.	7 27	4 33	23 22	IS	0 53	7 24	2 33
jlS	Tue; #ather 2. Wiudy.	7 28	4 32	23 24	T	2 4	8 12	3 40
|19 20 21	Wed Daybreak 5 41.	7 28	4 32	23 25	15	3 15	9 2	4 47
Till!	Mars south 6 20.	7 28	4 32	23 26	29	4 27	9 55	5 55
Fri*	% in $?. Sleighing	7 28	4 32	23 27	8	5 37	10 50	6 57
22	Sat	Noon at 11 58 47.	7 28	4 32	23 27	25	rises.	11 46	7 48
23	G.	4th Sun. in Advent.	7 28	4 32	23 27	n	4 38	morn.	8 39
24	Moil'(? on equa. perhaps	7 28	4 32	23 26	21	5 39	0 43	9 26
| 25	Tue; Christmas. bad	7 28	4 32	23 24	^p	6 44	1 37	10 7 10 48
26	Wed St, Stephen.	7 27	4 33	23 23	16	7 48	2 28
27	Till! St. John. going.	7 27	4 33	23 20	28	8 51	3 15	11 27
28	Fri	Innocents.	7 27	4 33	23 18	SI	9 51	3 59	ev. 3
29	Sat	# in apogee. Fair.	7 27	4 33	23 14	22	10 50	4 40	0 41
30 31	G	Moon farthest south.	7 27	4 33	23 11	m	11 50	5 19	1 19
ita	Last day of the year.	7 26	4 34	23 7	15	morn.	5 58 2 1

HEKSCIIEL'S WEATHER TABLE.

17

For foretelling the Weather, through all the Lunations of each Year,

for ever.

This table and the accompanying remarks are the result of many years' actunl obser- vation, the whole being constructed on a due consideration of the attraction of the sun and moon, in their several positions respecting the earth, and Will by simple inspection show the observer what kind of weather will most probably follow the entrance of the moon into any of its quarters, and that so near the truth as to be seldom or never found to fail.

If the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon or last quarter happens

Between midnight and 2 in the morning.

2 and 4, morning,

4 and 6, "

6 and 8, "

- — 8 and 10, "

10 and 12, "

At 12 o'clock at noon,

and 2 p.m., Between 2 and 4 p.m. 4 and 6,

-I

- 8 and 10, " -10 and midnight.

IN SUMMER.

Fair.

Gold, w7h freq't show'rs.

Rain.

Wind and Rain

Changeable. -j

Frequent showers.

Yery rainy.

0]

Fair.

Fair, if wind N. W., Rainy, if S. or S. W.

Ditto. Fair.

Hard frost, unless the wind

is S. or W. Snowy and Stormy. Rain. Stormy. Cold rain, if the wind be

W., snow if E. Cold, and high wind.

Snow or rain.

Fair and mild.

Fair.

Fair and frosty, if the wind

is N. or N. E. Rain or snow, if S- or S. W. Ditto. Fair and frosty.

OBSERVATIONS.— 1. The nearer the time of the moon's change, first quarter, full, and last quarter, are to midnight, the fairer will the weather be during the seven days following.

2. The space Jbr this calculation occupies from ten at night till two next morning.

3. The nearer to mid-day, or noon, the phases of the moon happen, the more foul or wet weather may be expected during the next seven days

4. The space for this calculation occupies from ten in the forenoon to two in the afternoon. These observations refer principally to the summer, though they affect spring and autumn nearly in the same ratio.

5. The moon's change, first quarter, full, and last quarter, happening during six of the afternoon hours, i. e. from four to ten, may be followed by fair weather; but this is mostly dependent on the wind, as is noted in the table.

6. Though the weather, from a variety of irregular causes, is more uncertain in the latter part of autumn, the whole of winter, and the beginning of spring, yet, in the main, the above observations will apply to those periods also.

7. To prognosticate correctly, especially in those cases where the wind is concerned, the observer should be within sight of a good vane, where the four cardinal points of the heavens are correctly placed.

The above Table was originally formed by Dr. Herschel, and is now published icilh some alterations, founded- on the experience of Dr. Adam Clarke.

WINDS — The approach of h'gh winds maybe anticipated from these general prog- nostics: When cattle appear frisky, and toss their heads and jump; when geese attempt to fly, or distend and ilap their wings ; when sheep leap and play, boxing each other; when pigs squeal and carry straw in their mouths; when the cat scratches a tree or post; when pigeons clap theii wings smartly behind their backs in flying ; when crows mount in the air and perform somersets, making at the same time a garrulous noise ; when swallows fly on one side of trees, because the flies take the leeward side for safety against the wind; when magpies collect in small companies, and set up a chattering noise.

ml 11 Hill ^^mrirrmnT ii ' in ~i : ; TF lit Ti li ■ iiWliii«Miifawiiiii itmmm imnwifiinnmtniww

SOLUTION S OE THE PROBLEMS FOE 1854.

Problem. 1 — 5 bushels is 9-10ths, .-. 10-10ths=50-9ths=5 5-9ths bushels. Answer.

Prob. 2.— Let x=a side of the required cube outside, and y=a side of the same inside, then x3_y3=64=43; add x-y~l-3rd, whence x will equal ^C911+l=8-lt609 inches ; and y=7'83276 inches. Hence the cube must be 816609 inches square.

Prob. 3.— A body fal's 16 1-I2th feet per second near the earth's surface, and at 35,000 miles from the centre, it will fall (400°)-x]4= 773' of a foot in x secondj and iu

(35 -000/2 3675

1 hour=3.600 seconds, it will move (3600)2 x — feet, or 515 ™ miles.

3675 4yo1

Prob. 4.— The strength of rectangular horizontal beams vary as the product of the squares of their depth, into their width, and hence the strength of the board in the just case is expressed, by 1 x 1 x 10=10, and in the other case by 10 x 10x1=100, and hence it is 10 times st- onger in the latter case.

PROB.5.-(^±i^iy + 219=25.500, Aimerm

Prob. 6.— Diameter of the globe = '- ,.!X!x2 =3 l-3rd inches.

(5+ i 5X5 + 6X6X4)

1 rob. 7.— I his is a case of indeterminate analysis, and cannot be explained here. -Answer 301.

Prob. 8.— Let x=the number, then x3-27ths=x2-4ths, and hence x=27-4ths, or 6 3-4ths. Answer.

Prob. 9— 100 (100 + 1) 2 x 100 + 1) xl-6th= 348 -350. Answer.

Prob. 10— This problem is too complicated for the room we have. The answer is 0-4940291665, of the earth's surface, being a little less than half.

Prob. 11.— The solid area of the topmost inch of the candle being 1, then the solidity of each successive section of an inch each, is 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, 127, 169, 217, 271, 331, and 397. The sum of all is 1,728 Hence, the candle will last 1728 x 10 minutes, or 12 days. The burniug of the first inch being l-6th of an hour, then the time for each is l-6th h.; 7-6ths=l l-6thh.; 19-6ths=3 1-6 th h.; 37-6ths = 6 l-16th h; 10 16th h.; 15 l-6th h.; 21 l-6th h.; 28 l-6th h.; 36 l-6th h.; 45 l-6th h.; 55 l-6th h.; and 66 l-6th h.

Prob 12. — Put the f actions into improper fractions, and place the numerators and

denominators as follows : 27 X 785 x 7 x 896 x 77 x 5 * 8 *i^J^9 =x Answer. 1 x 9 x 8 x 11 x 3 x 189 x 785 x 7 x 128 x 70 5 "™™er- t>™ io 21x20x19x18x17x16x15x14x13x12x11 ■„„„

Prob. 13. - -. ~— — --——--=352-716 cents. Answer.

1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10x11

Prob. 14.— The first term is f, and the ratio 2. Hence, the sum, the last term

2X2 4 '

being regarded=0, is 3"x /2_i\'~3:=1a> Answer.

Prob. 15. — The arc of a great circ e. intercepted by meridians at New York and San Francisco, is the air-line required. This line, by Spherical Trigonometry, is found to be 37° 8' 54".8 long. A degree being 6905 miles, the required distance is 2565107757 miles. Ansicer.

Prob. 16.— f of 2—\ pence; 1 cent=- of a penny; 3 cents=I! pence. Now, *-^72=—

« 25 25 «* 25 54.

Answer.

Prob 17. — The sun's declination at the time of setting must be 10° +33' 51" south. This is obtained Oct. 20?h, at 10 o'clock 17 m 37 sec, evening, mean time at Washing- ton. It will not rise after this until Feb. 21st, 0 h. 33 m. evening in 1855.

Prob. 18. — At £ its length from the wide end, or 8 inches.

Prob 19. — A's and B's shares are as £ : \, or as 4 to 3. They also are to share C's part in the same ratio ; and hence they share the whole in that ratio. Now, as 4 + 3 : 4 :: 1003)0 : $57142 6-7ths = A*s part Hence, B's = |'42857 1 6th Answer*

A-CKwowledgmsnts. — Mr. William D. Burns of Middle Hope. Orange Co , N. Y., has se.it us correct solutions of Problems 1, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16 19, 20, 21. 22 and 24

Mr Ph. Doberoiner, of Wurtsborough, N. Y., has sent correct solutions of Problems 1, 5, 7, 8, 9 12, 13, 14, 16 and 20

Mr. II B. Waterman, of Minnesota City, Min., has sent correct solutions of Problems 8, 19, 21 and 22.

T. (r., of Nyack. N. Y., has sent us the correct answers to Problems 1, 9 and 19.

Mr. George W Hill, of Clarkstown, Rockland Co., N. Y., has sent us correct solutions of all the Problems.

Dundee. N. Y., May 10th, 1854. Calculator.

N.B — Not having sufficient space to give the solutions to all the Problems, we omit those after P: oblem 19. — Printer.

MISCELLANY. M

THE NEW RATES OF POSTAGE, SEPTEMBER, 1852.

Letters of half an ounce, 3000 miles, 3 cents, if prepaid ; 5 cents, if not prepaid, and double for over 3000 miles. Each fractional part over counts a half ounce.

Weekly newspapers (one copy only), sent to actual subscribers within the county where printed and published, go free. Quarterly Rates of Postage, when paid \ g . v . . % ^ a*

in advance, on Newspapers and Peri- £> J "3 ■ *£ 3 ' '•£ 5 •$ P ? ?

odicals sent from the office of publico- *S - S £ « £ g 8 £ S g

tion to actual subscribers. Q || fe °2^ ■ fe ^| j|

Newspapers and Periodicals not exceed- cts. eta. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.

ing U oz. in weight, when circulated ■•

in the" State where published —- 22f 10$ 9f 6f *t . 1ft i

Newspapers and Periodicals of the weight

of 3 oz. and under, sent to any part of

the United States 45* 39 10J 18 &h 3 1|

Over 3 and not over 4 ounces ^ 91 78 39 26 13 O 3

Over 4 and not over 5 ounces 1 36£ 117 hP% 39 19£ 4£

Over 5 and not over 6 ounces -- 182 156 78 52 26 12 6

Over 6 and not over 7 ounces 2 27£ 195 97£ 65 32| 15 1\

Over 7 and not over 8 ounces 2 73 2 34 1 17 78 39 18 9

POSTAGE ON PRINTED MATTER.

Newspapers, periodicals, unsealed circulars, or other article of printed matter, (except boeks.) when sent to any part of the United States— 3 oz. or under, lc. ; 3 to 4, 2c. ; 4 to 5, 3c. ; 5 to 6, 4c. ; 6 to 7, 5c. ; 7 to 8, 6c

Books, bound or unbound, not weighing over 4 lbs., for any distance under 3000 miles, prepaid— 1 oz. or under, lc. ; 1 to 2, 2c. ; 2 to 3, Sc. ; 3 to 4, 4c. ; 4 to 5, 5c. ; 5 to 6, 6c. ; 6 to 7, 7c. ; 7 to 8, 8c.

For any distance over 3000 miles, prepaid— 1 oz. or under, 2c. ; 1 to 2, 4c. ; 2 to 3, 6c. ; 3 to 4, 8c. ; 4 to 5, 10c. ; 5 to 6, 12c. ; 6 to 7, 14c. ; 7 to s, 16c.

Transient newspapers, periodicals, &c, sent to any part of the United States, not prepaid —3 oz. or under, 2c. ; 3 to 4, 4c. ; 4 to 5, r'c ; 5 to 6, 8c. ; 6 to 7, 10c. ; 7 to 8, 12c.

Bills and receipts for payments of moneys for newspapers may be enclosed in subscribers' papers.

Exchanges between newspaper-publishers, for one copy from each office, free.

Newspapers, &c, jto be so enclosed that the character can be determined without removing the wrapper ; to have nothing written or printed on the paper or wrapper beyond the direction, and to contain no enclosure other than the bills or receipts mentioned. Pay all postage on your own business, and to editors ; and sign your name, and also direct all letters, <fcc., sent by mail, plainly.

DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES The census returns exhibit the fact that the wealth of the Union is nearly equally distributed throughout the States. The average for each inhabitant of the States is £356. The distribution is as follows : Alabama, $532 : Arkansas, 215 ; Connecticut, 475 ; California, 239; Delaware, 260; Florida, 475; Georgia, 640; Illinois, 184; Iowa, 123; Indiana, 205; Kentucky, 391 ; Louisiana, 857; Maine, 211; Mississippi, 732; Mas-sacbu- | setts, 577 ; Maryland, 450; North Carolina, 391; New Hampshire, 326; New Yo>k, 316; New Jersey, 475 ; Ohio, 255 ; Oregon Territory, 3S1 ; Pennsylvania, 313 ; Bhode Island, 546; South Carolina, 1017 ; Texas, 341; Tennessee, 254; Vermont, 294; Virginia, 411: Wisconsin, 138.

THE POPULATION CENTRE OP THE UNITED STATES. The Centre of the Republic, according to a Cincinnati writer of the Times, is just west of the Ohio river, in Ohio Dr. Patterson, of Philadelphia, calculated the centre In 1790 the centre was near the line oi New York and Adams County, Pennsylvania Then it passed into the edge of Virginia, bending towards the south, then ascended north into Pennsylvania. In 1840, it was a little east of Marietta, Ohio ; and in 1850 a little west of the Ohio.

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION OF THE WORLD. A recent classification of the inhabitants of The world, in regard to relfgior, gives the following results: Christians. 286,000,000; Jews, 5,500,000, Mahometans. litU 00,- 000 Idolators, 4S4,i<00.000 The Idolators are thus classified: Buddhists, £45,000,000 ; Brahmanists, 133,000,000, Pagans, lOG.OCO.OLO.

20

MISCELLANY.

OUR COUNTRY.

In 1792, the corner stone of our present Capitol at Washington was laid. At that time General Washington, in whose honor the new seat of government was named, officiated. Sixty years after- wards, viz., on the 4th of July, 1852, the corner stone of an exten- sion of the buildings was laid ; and the Secretary of State made an address, in the course of which he presented a sketch of the com- parative condition of our country at the two periods :

Then we had fifteen States, now we have thirtj^-one.

Then our population was three millions, now it is twenty-three millions.

Then Boston had eighteen thousand people, now it has one hundred and thirty-six thousand.

New-York had thirty thousand, now it has five hundred thousand.

Then our imports were thirty-one millions, now they are one hundred and seventy-eight millions.

The area of our territory was then eight hundred thousand miles, now it is three million three hundred thousand.

Then we had no railroad, now we have four thousand miles of it.

Then we had two hundred post-offices, now we have twenty-one thousand.

Our revenue from postage was one hundred thousand dolla g , now it is five millions five hundred thousand dollars.

These are only a few facts going to show the rapid growth of our country ; and what we and our children have to do to secure the con- tinuance of its prosperity, is to love, fear and obey the God of our fathers ; to avoid intemperance, pride, contention, and greediness of gain, and cherish in all our hearts a true patriotism, and a just sense of obligation to those that shall come after us.

POPULATION OF PRINCIPAL CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES.

Cltieo-

Portland,

Boston, Mass.,

Lowell,

Springfield, — - — Providence, R. I.,- New- Haven, Conn.

Hartford, --

New- York city,

Brooklyn,

j Albany, — — -

I Buffalo,

Rochester,

Williamsburg,

Troy,

Syracuse, ---

Utica

Poughkeepsie, — -

Lockport,

Oswego, ---

Newburgh, .--- .--

Kingston,

Newark, N. J.,

Popul'n of	Popul'n of	RaUo or
1840.	1850.	increase.
15,-218	20,815	3677
93,3^3	136,871	46-50
20,796	33,383	60.52
10.985	11.766	7 1
23,1 Tl	41,512	79 lr
12,960	20,345	56-98
9,468	13,555	43-16
312,710	515,507	64 85
36,233	96,838	167-20
33,721	50,763	5053
18,213	42,261	132 03
20,191	36,403	80 29
5,094	30.780	504-24
19,334	28,785	48-88
—	22,271	—
12,782	17,565	37-41
10,«»06	13,944	39 3
9,1 '25	12,323	3504
4,605	12.205	161-6.
8,933	11,413	27-7S-
5,824	10.233	757
17,290	38,894	124'95

Paterson,

NTew-Brunswiek,

Philadelphia city, Pa..

Philadelphia county,

exclusive of the city,.

Pittsburgh, -- — —

Baltimore, Md.,

Washington, D. C,- —

Richmond, Va.,_

Norfolk,

Charleston. S. C,

Savannah, Ga ,

Mobile, Ala.,

NTew-Orleans, La.,

Louisville, Ky.,

Cincinnati, O. ,__.._..«

Columbus, ...

Cleveland, .— - .

Chicago. 111., --

Detroit, Mich.,

St. Louis, Mo.,

Milwaukie, Wis.,.

7,596 8,663

164,372 21,115 102,313 23,364 20,153 10,920 29,261 11,214 12,672 102,193 21.210 40,338 6,048 6,071 4,470 9,102 16,469 1,712

11.338 13.387 121,376

287,38fi 46,60

169.054 40,001 27,482 14,326 42,9S5 16.060 20.513

119,461 43,196

115,436 17,883 17,034 29,963 21,019 77,8601 20,061 !

49-26 54-53 29-58

74 83 !

120-7 j 6523 j 71-2 3636 31*19 | 46.9 | 43-21 j 61-87 1689

103 05 !

149 11 I

195-08 !

1S0-57 !

570 31 !

130-92 |

372-76 ! 2071*78 j

NEW YORK STATE COURTS.

The Judiciary of the State of New York, by the new Constitution, consists of a Court for the Trial of Impeachments ; the Court of Appeals ; the Supreme and Circuit Courts ; County or Surrogate's Court for each county in the State, except the City and County of New York; and the Criminal Courts; also, such inferior local Courts as the Legislature may establish. By the new Judiciary act, the Superior Court in the City of New York, consisting of six Judges — and the Court of Common Pleas in the same, consisting of three Judges — are continued as under the old Constitution. The Judges in all the Courts of the State are now elected by the people.

1. Court for the trial of Impeachments. — This Court is composed of the President of the Senate — the Senators, or the major part of them — and the Judges of the Court of Appeals. It is a Court of Record — and when summoned,

! meets at Albany. If the Governor is impeached, the Lieut. Governor cannot I act as a men her of the Court. Two-thirds of the members present must concur

for conviction. The judgment of the Courts extends only to removal from or

disqualification for office.

2. The Court of Appeals. — This Court has full power to correct and re- verse all proceedings and decisions of the Supreme Court, or of the old Supreme Court and Court of Chancery. It is composed of eight Judges — four of whom are elected by the people at large, and four are selected from the Judges of the Supreme Court. Every cause must be decided within the year in which it is argued. Four terms must be held each year.

3. The Supreme and Circuit Courts. — The Supreme Court has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and power to review judgments of the County Courts, and of the old Courts of Common Pleas. It consists of four Judges for each of the eight judicial districts into which the State is divided. Every County has each year at least one special term, and two circuits.

4. County or Surrogates* Courts. — The County Courts are held by a ' County Judge and two Associate Justices ; and have a jurisdiction concurrent I with that of the Supreme Court in civil cases within their respective counties.

They have also equity jurisdiction in certain cases provided for by statute ; and irom time to time sit as a Court of Sessions for the trial of criminal causes.

The Surrogates7 Courts [having the probate of all wills of real as well as personal estate — the control of executors and administrators — and the charge of infants7 estates,] are held by the County Judge in counties having less than forty thousand inhabitants. In counties having more than that population, the election of a separate officer to perform the duties of Surrogate is provided for by law. i

5. Criminal Cottr-js. — These are the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and the | Court of Sessions. The Courts of Oyer and Terminer in each County, except in! the City of New York, are composed of a Justice of the Supreme Court who presides, the County Judge, and the two Justices of the Peace chosen members of the Court of Sessions. These Courts are all held at the same time and place at which the Circuit Courts are held. Courts of Session are composed of the | County Judge and two Justices of the Peace.

ORIGIN, NATURE, &c OF THE PLEIADES.

The Pleiades, according to fable, were the seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph P eione. who were turned into stars, with their sisters the Hyades, on account of their amiable virtues and mutual affection.

Thus we everywhere find that the ancients, with all their barbarism and idolatry, enter- tained the belief that unblemished virtue and a meritorious life would meet their reward in the sky Thus Virgil represents Magnus Apollo as bending from the sky to address the youth Julus:

" Go on, spotless boy, in the paths of virtue, — it is the way to the stars; offspring of the gods thyself, so shalt thou become the father of gods."

The names of the Pleiades are Alcione. Merone, Maia, Electra, Tayeta, Sterope, and Celeno Merone was the only one who married a mortal, and on that account her star is dim among her sisters. Although but six of these stars are visible to the naked eye, yet Dr. Hook informs us that with a twelve-feet telescope he saw 78 stars ; and Rheita affirms that he counted 200 in this* small cluster.

The PMades. or, as they are more familiarly termed, the seven stars, are sometimes called Virgiliob, or the *■ Virgins of Spring"; because the sun enters this cluster in the " season of blossoms." the sun with the seven stars being the sole cause of blossoms, about the 18th of May. He who made them alludes to this circumstance when he de mands of Job, " Canst thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades?" &c. — Job 38: 31.

VELOCITY OF LIGHTNING.

The flash of zigzag and sheet lightning does not last for more than one-thousand'h of a second ; but; a les« duration in passing than one-millionth part of a second is attrib- uted to the light of electricity of h;gh tension. In comparison with this velocity, the most rapid artificial motion that can be produced appears repose. This has been exemplified by Prof. Whea'stone in a very b autiful experiment. A wheel, made to revolve with such celerity as to render its spokes distinct, as if at rest, wh n illuminated by a flash -of lightning, because the flush has come and gone before the wheel has had time to make a perceptible advance. The color of lightning is vari- ously orange, white, and blue verging to violet. Irs hue appears to depend on the in- tensity of electricity and height in the atmosphere. The more electricity there is in passing through the air m a given time, the whiter and more dazzling is'th-- light. Violet and blue-colored lightnings are observed to be discharged f om storm clouds high in the atmosphere, where the air is rarefied ; and analogously, the e eetric spa:k, made to pass through the receiver of an air-pump, exhibits a blue orviolet light in pro- portion as the vacuum is complete.

HOW TO ACT IN THUNDER-STORMS. At the season of the year when we are visited with thunder storms, it is perhaps our diiy to warn parties from shelterii g under tre s of hard wood, which generally attract trie electric fluid Soft wood is not so dangerous, and, indeed, the beech-tree is said to be a non conductor of lightning. So notorious is this fact, that the Indians whenever I the sky wears the appearance of a thunder storm, leave their pursuits, and t-^ke refuge under the nearest bcn-h-tree. In Tennessee,, the pecple consider it a complete protec- tion. Dr Beeton, in a letter to Dr. Mitchell, states that the beech is never known to be stru<k by atmospheric electricity, while other trees are often shattered into splinters. May not a knowledge of this fact afford protection to many whyh exposed ?

THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET. The twenty-four letters of the alphabet may be transposed 620,448,401, 733.239,439.360,- (00 'imes A!'-, the inhabitants on the globe, on a r ugh calculation, couli no', in a *h us nd million of ye-irs, w= ite out all the transpositions of the twenty-four letters. evau supposing that each wrote 40 pages daily, each of which pages contained 40 differ- ent transpositions of the letters.

A CALCULATION. A correspondent of the New York Tribune makes the following calculation respecting th"> national debt of ("Treat Britain. The debt, in silver, would load 29»5,250 wagons, allowing each to carry 2 000 pounds ; and, allowing each team 30 feet, would form a line over 1.7'j0 miles in length. In cents, it would load 8,SS7,500 wagons, and form a line twice round the globe.

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PRODUCTIONS. An analysis of the cucumber, by Professor Salisbury, of Albany, shows that ninety- Beven o le-buadredths of the fruit are water. This is more than the water-melon, which contains ninety-four parts. The mu.sk-melon contains ninety.

MISCELLANY.

FARMER THOROW,

Years ago — and for aught we know, it still exists — there was a statute in vogue in New Hampshire, legislating the annual election of hog reeves throughout the towns in that State. The office was a lucrative one in some places, though it was generally made oppro- brious, and the most obnoxious were usually selected to fill this post.

Farmer Thorow resided in a small town above Nashua, and prided himself upon the neatness of his cattle, and the cleanliness of his fields, the symmetry of his fences, and the thriftiness of his orchards; but farmer T. was a nervous man, penurious and close-fisted.

Waking early one fine morning, he discovered on a sudden, from his chamber window; that four large hogs had broken into a nice young orchard of his just below the house, and in his usual excitable manner, he hurried on his clothes, and made the best of his way down to " Squire Looksharp " (the hog reeve was called " Squire"), whom he quickly aroused with his vociferous complaint.

" Now, Squire," he said, " hurry up. There's four of my neigh- bor's hogs got into my little apple orchard, and if you'll hurry, it'll be a good job for you, and no mistake."

" Be right straight along," said the Squire, who remembered the details of the law relating to this sort of seizure — one half to the hog reeve, and the other half to the poor of the town—and within half an hour he had peaceable possession of four animals such as the neighborhood couldn't otherwise boast of.

The seized hogs were quickly slaughtered by the town official, and were " hung up to dry " in the Squire's storehouse. Farmer Thorow righted up his broken fence, and then repaired to his yard, to see that all was snug at the pig pen, he had no idea that his hogs should trouble his neighbors — not he — when lo ! he found that a board had been forced from the side of the enclosure, and the sty was empty.

In the mean time, Squire Looksharp had the seized hogs dressed, and now he sent for his good wife, who appeared at the storehouse door. " Betty," said the Squire, " the statoot pervides in case of seizure, that one haff the pigs shall go to the official, and the other haff to the poor. Now, Betty, who's poorer than you are ?"

" Sure enough," said the Squire's wife, obediently, " sure enough ! if anybody's poorer'n I am I'd like to hear about it." " Well, so I calc'late. An', thairfore, one haff these pigs goes to the poor (that's yeou), and the other haff, as I said afore, goes to the officer — and that's me !" and the four hogs very soon found their way into Squire Looksharp's pork barrels. An hour afterwards, Farmer Thorow arrived at the Squire's, sprang over the stile, into the house, through the back kitchen, out again into the yard, where he encountered the Squire quietly at work. " I say, Squire ?" " Hello !" " Where's the pigs?" "Distributed 'cording to law." "What?" "Haff to the hog reeve, haff to the poor." "Theifre mine /" shouted he, half crazed at his loss. " They're mine, Squire, broke out o' my pen." "You made the complaint." "I know — but — " " An' it's too late, farmer ; the property's dewly divided — can't go beyond the statoot."

The farmer squirmed, but he never afterwards complained of his neighbors' hogs !

24

SELECTED ITEMS.

Progress- — Lightning and steam have not only superseded horse-power on land, and wind on the water, but, with as astonishing a revolution, they have quickened the hu- man brain, until the ideas of the age are equally more rapid than those of half a

j generation ago, as the means of transmitting them from brain to brain the world over.

1 In the day of wooden ploughs the great danger was in going too fast and knowing too much; now the difficulty is to go fast enough. The fear, so groundless with our good old fathers, that new inventions and enterprises were dangerous to the welfare, virtue, and peace of society, is completely extinguished. Men have found out the essen- tial secret of prosperity and greatness — that all progress is the work of experience; and the result of experiments, in spite of the old stand-still philosophy, has sharpened them to go on experimenting more and more, in all fields, paths, and professions.

The following is a good phrase, descriptive of an energetic character: ' not wait to strike until the iron was hot, but made it hot by striking."

"Cromwell did

Excellent Admonitions. — "Take heed of always trying to shine in company above the rest, and displaying your ovvii understanding, or your oratory, as though you would render 3rourself admirable to all present. This is seldom well taken in good company. * * * In order to show, too. how free you are from prejudice, learn to bear contradic- tion with patience. * * * The impartial search of truth requires all calmness and serenity, all good temper and candor.'1 — Watts on the Mind.

To overcome Difficulties. — By President Pierce.— Sir. I have been taught that the way to overcome difficulties and threatening dangers is to meet them on the advance, not to await their approach.

When 3'ou have anything to do, go ahead and do it. A man who has the opinion of two roads, either of which will take him to his journey's end, must not stand too long in considering which to take.

Wealth is usually the result of well-laid plans carefully pursued; it is seldom reached by those direct efforts which keep the mind constantly on the object rather than the ?neans.

There is no greater obstacle in the way of success in life, than in trusting for some- thing to turn up, instead of going steadily to work and turning up something.

LejT reason go before every enterprise, and counsel before every action.

"There is that scattereth and yet increaseth, and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty."

And the words of Paul to the Corinthians aptly express the same idea: '■ He which soweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly; and he which soweth bounti- fully shall reap also bountifully."

Little things should not be despised. Many threads will bind an elephant. Many drops make a river.

Good qualities, like great abilities, are incomprehensible and inconceivable to such as are deprived of them.

Horace Walpole says, " In my youth I thought of writing a satire on mankind, but in my age I think I should write an apology for them."

Politeness.— Somebody says that politeness is like an air-cushion; there may be nothing. in it, but it eases our joints wonderfully.

Time's Footsteps and Life's Seasons. — What a blessed order of nature it is, that the footsteps of Time are inaudible and noiseless, and that the seasons of life, like those of the year, are so indistinguishable brought on in gentle progression, and so blended the one with the other, that the human being scarcely knows, except from a faint and not unpleasant sensation, that he is growing old !

Be not too Positive. — Taught by experience to know my own blindness, shall I speak as if I could not err, and as if othors might not, in some disputed points, be more en- lightened than myself ? — Charming.

Method is important, as it saves time ; it is like packing things in a*"bo£ ; a good packer will get in much more than a bad one.

m*

FRESH AIR.

Man acts strangely. Although a current of fresh air is the very life of his lungs, he seems indefatigable in the exercise of his inventive powers to deprive himself of this heavenly blessing. Thus, he carefully closes every cranny of his bed-chamber against its entrance, and he prefers that his lungs should receive the mixed eilinvium from his cellar and larder, and from a patent little modern aquarius in lieu of it. Why should man be so terrified at the admission of the night air into any of his apartments? 1 1 is nature's overilowing current, and never carries the destroying angel with it. See how soundly 'the delicate wren and the tender little robin, sleep under its full and immediate influence, and how fresh, and vig- orous, and joyous they rise amid the surrounding dew-drops of the morn- ing. Although exposed a 1 night long to the air of heaven, their lungs are never out of order, and this we know by the daily repetition of their song. Look at the newly-born hare, without any nest to go to. It lives and thrives, and becomes strong and playful, under the unmitigated inclemency of the falling dews of the night. I have here a fine male turkey, full eight years old, and he has not passed a single night in shel- ter. He roosts in a cherry tree, and is always in the primest health the year throughout. Three dunghill fowls, preferring this cherry tree to the warm perches in the hen-house, took up their airy quarters with him early in October, and have never since gone to any other roosting place. The cow and the horse sleep safely on the cold damp ground, and the roebuck lies clown to rest in the heather, on the dewy mountain top. I myself can sleep night long, bareheaded, under the full moon's watey beams, without any fear of danger, and pass the day in wet shoes without catch- ing cold. Coughs and colds are generally caught in the transition from an overheated room to a cold apartment 5 but there would be no danger in this movement if ventilation were attended to — a precaution little thought of new-a-days — Watertorfs Essay on Natural History.

EOW TO GET TO SLEEP. How to get to sleep is, to many persons, a matter of high importance. Nervous persons, who are troubled with wakefulness and excitability, usu- ally have a strong tendency of blood to the brain, w'ith cold extremities. The pressure of blood on the brain keeps it in a stimulated or wakeful state, and the pulsations in the head are often painful. Let such rise and chafe the body and extremities with a crash towel, or rub smartly with the hands, to promote circulation, and withdraw the excessive amount of blood from the brain, and they will fall asleep in a few moments. A cold bath, or sponge bath, and rubbing, or a good run, or rapid walk in the open air, or going up and down stairs a few times, just before retiring, will aid in equalizing circu ation and promoting sleep. These rules are simple and easy of application in castle or cabin, and may minister to the comfort of thousands who would freely expend money for an anodyne to promote " Nature's sweet restorer, — balmy sleep."

ALL THE GOLD IN THE WORLD. Taking the cube yard of gold at £2,000,000, which it is in round num- bers, all the gold in the world at this estimate might, if melted into ingots, be contained in a cellar twenty-four feet square and sixteen feet high. All our boasted wealth already obtained from California and Aus- tralia would go into an iron safe nine feet square and nine feet high. So small is the cube of yellow metal that has set populations on the march, and roused the world to wonder.

Reflect on what you see and hear. Set your mind at work ; reason with candor ; weigh well and consider for yourself : decide, 'and act.

26

MISCELLANY AND ANECDOTES.

IRISH BCTI#LS.

After the stoppage of the Bank of England, soon after the French Re- volution, the corporation of a town in Ireland, among other patriotic resolutions, resolved " that thej would not draw a guinea out of the national bank, as long as it stops payment"

In the debate on the leather tax in the Irish Bouse of Commons, the Chancellor of the Exchequer (Sir John Parneli) observed with great em- phasis, " that in the prosecution of this war, every man ought to give his last guinea to protect the remainder."

Mr. Vandelure said, " however {hat might be, the tax on leather would be severely felt by the barefooted peasantry."

To which Sir Boyle Eoach replied, that " this could be easily remedied by making the underleather of wood "

" One thing is very clear," says an Irish paper, " that all things are very dark at present/'

ONE OF THE WITNESSES,

A queer excuse was made a few days ago by an old lady. The good woman was subpoenaed, it appears, as a witness on a rather delicate case. She did not come, and a bench warrant was issued for her appearance, on which she was brought into Qpurt. The presiding Judge thought it was his duty to reprimand her :

" Madam, why were you not here before t7f

" I couldn't come, sir/'

" "Were you not subpoenaed, madam V7

" Yes, sir ; but I was sick/7

""What was the matter, madam lff

"I had an awful bile, sir."

" Upon your honor, madam ?77

" No, sir ; upon my arm V7

QUAKER COURTSHIP.

"Martha, dost thee love me ?-' asked a Quaker youth of one at whose shrine his heart's fondest feelings had been offered up.

" Why, Seth,'7 she replied, " we are commanded to love one another, are we not V7

"Ay, Martha ; but does thee regard me with that feeling which the world calleth love ?''7

" I hardly know what to tell thee, Seth ; I have striven to bestow my love on all ; but I may have sometime thought, perhaps, that thee wast getting rather more than thy share/7

" Verily, then, I think the sooner that thee and me become one in flesh, the better/7 " Yea, veaily,77 responded Martha.

" I see,77 said a young lady, yesterday, " that some bookseHers advertise blank declarations for sale. I wish I could get one77 "Why?" asked

her mother. u Because, ma, Mr. P is too modest to ask me to marry

him ; and, perhaps, if I could fill a blank declaration with the * question,' he would sign it 77

"Jake, did you carry that umbrella home that I borrowed yesterday?'7 " No, father, you have often told me to lay up something for a rainy day, and as I thought it would rain before' long, I have laid the umbrella up/7

Be careful and don7t go near the woods for some time yet, for the trees are beginning to shoot.

MISCELLANY AND ANECDOTES.

27

OLD WINTER IS COMING,

BY HUGH MOORK.

Old Winter is coming again — alack!

How icy and cold is he ? i

He cares not a pin for a shivering back — He's a saucy old chap to white and black — He whistles his chills with a wonderful knack,

For he comes from a cold countree. !

A witty old fellow this Winter is —

A mighty old fellow for glee ! He cracks his jokes on the pretty miss, The wrinkled old maiden, unfit to kiss, And freezes the dew on their lips ; for this

Is the way with old fellows like he 1

0 d Winter's a frolicsome blade, I wot— He is wild in his humor, and free !

He'll whistle along, for the want of thought,

And set all the warnith of our furs at nought,

And ruffle the laces by pretty girls bought — A frolicsome fellow is he!

Old Winter is blowing his gusts along,

And merrily shaking the tree! From morning till night he will sing his

song — Now moaumg, and short — now howling and

long. His voice is loud — for his lungs are strong A merry old fellow is he !

Old Winter's a tough old fellow for blows,

As tough as ever you see ! He will trip up our trotters, and rend our

clothes, And stiffen our limbs from our fingers to

toes —

He minds not the cries of his friends or his foes — A tough old fellow is he !

A cunning old fellow is Winter, they say,

A cunning old fellow is he ! He peeps in the crevices day by day, To see how we're passing our time away And marks all our doings from grave to gay,

I'm afraid he is peeping at me !

THE MOTHER AND HER BABY,

Where is the baby 1 Bess its heart !

Where is mozer's darling boy? Does it hold its little hands apart,

The dearest, bessed toy ? And so it does, and will its little chin

Grow just as fat as butter? And will it poke its little fingers in

Its tunnin little mouf, and mutter Nicy, nicy words, Just like little yaller birds'? And so it will, and so it may, No matter what its papa mammy say. And does it wink its little eyeses, And when it's mad and up and crieses ? And does it squall like chickerdees At every little thing it sees? Well, it does ! why not, I pray? Aint it mozer's darlin', every day?

0. what's the matter? 0 my ! 0 my ! What makes ray sweetest chicken ky? O nasty, ugly pin, to prick it —

It's darlin' mozer's darlin' cricket! There ! there ! she's thrown it in The fire — the kuel, icked pin! There! hush, my honey; go to seep Hocked in a kadle of the deep !

ENIG-MAS.

A BOUQUET OF WILD FL0WER3.

1. A kindly wish for a friend.

2. The messenger of Juno.

3. Solid cream and a. vessel to hold it.

4. A fowl and what few gardens are with- out

5. Female shoes.

6. An animal and a slide.

7. A fowl and what would injure it.

8. Darkness and its effects.

9. Part of a lady's work and part of her work box.

10. Frozen water and part of it melted.

11. The impression of a wise man.

12. Secure an insect.

13. Harlequin's companion.

14. To break and a fabulous animal.

ANSWER TO THE ABOVE.

1. Speedwell,

2. Iris.

3. Buttercup,

4. duckweed.

5 Lady's Slipper.

6. Cowslip.

7. Henbane.

8.' Nightshade. 9. Hemlock. 10 Snowdrop.

11. Solomon's Seal.

12. Catehfiy.

13. Columbine.

14. Snap Dragon.

Psetty Good. — " What wou'd you charge to knit me a pair of stockings such as those?" inquired a foppish young fellow of a lady who was knitting a thick, warm pair of woollens for winter.

Would you have socks or stockings? " inquired the i/ady.

'■ I want them to come up over the calf," replied the inquirer.

In that case it would take. some time to estimate. I have never knit stockings to cover one's whole body."

A gfntlemaj? who had presented an ac- complished lady with a gold pencil, receiv- ed in reply — '• Sir, if you meant to please me with your very tasteful and agreeable present, you have succeeded to the extent of your wishes — if you meant to offend me by presenting me something almost too val- uable for my humility to accept, I shall find no difficulty in pocketing the affront."

What could be Cheaper? — "What did you give for that horse? " inquired a friend of the facetious Mr. G., as he was riding by. •'* My note," was the significant reply ; " was n't that cheap enough ? "

28 AGRICULTURAL.

A BEAUTIFUL PICTURE.

The man who stands upon his own soil, who feels that by the land in which he lives — by the laws of civilized nations— rhe is the rightful and exclusive owner of the land ho tills, is by the constitution of our nature under a wholesome influence not easily imbibed from any other source. He feels— other things being equal — more strongly than another, the char- acter of a man as the lord of an inanimate world. Of this great and won- derful sphere which; fashioned by the hand of God, and upheld by His power is roiling through the heavens, a part is his ; his from the centre to the sky. It is the space on which the generation before moved in its round of duties, and he feels himself connected by a link with those who follow, and to whom he is to transmit a home. Perhaps his farm has come down to him from his father.

They have gone to their last home ; but he can trace their footsteps over the scenes of his daily labors. The roof which shelters him was reared by those to whom he owes his being. Some interesting tradition is connected with every enclosure. The favorite fruit was planted by his father's hand. He sported in boyhood beside the brook which still winds through the meadow. Through the field lies the path to the village school of earlier days. He still hears from the the window, the voice of the Sabbath bell which called his father to the house of God ; and near at hand is the spot where his parents laid down to rest, and where, when his time has come, he shall be laid by his children. These arc the feelings of the owner of the soil. Words cannot paint them ; they flow ont of the deepest fountains of the heart : they are the life-spring of a fresh, healthy, and generous national character. — Edward Everett.

HOW TO RAISE FRUIT EVERY YEAR. If rightly understood, few trees, unless absolutely dead or rotten, need occupy any ground without yielding a plenteous crop. After long and varied experiments. I gradual 'y adopted the following mode : As soon as winter has sufficiently disappeared, and before the sap ascends. I examine my trees. Every dead bough is lopped off ; then, after the sap has arisen sufficiently to show where the blossoms will be, I cut away all the other branches having none on, and also the extremity of every limb, the lower part of which bears a considerable number of buds — thus concentrating the sap of the tree upon the maturation of its fruits, and saving what would be a useless expenditure of strength. In the quince, apricot, and peach trees this is very important, as these are very apt to be luxuriant in leaves and destitute of fruit. You may think this injures the trees; but 11 does not, for you will find trees laden with fruit which formerly yielded nothing. Of course all other well-known precautions must be attended to — such as cutting out worms from the roots, placing old iron on the limbs, which acts as a tonic to the sap, &c. Try it, ye who have failed in raising fruit.

TOMATOES. To secure a fine and early crop of this favorite vegetable it is only nec- essary to head in the plants as soon as the fruit is about the size of a cher- ry. This will throw the strength of the plant into the fruit, the size and quality of which are, consequently, greatly improved.

CURRANTS. To produce fine currants, your soil must be rich and deep, and well en- riched with old compost. Keep the bushes clear from suckers and old wood. Use the pmtling-knife freely in the spring in heading them in, and your fruit will be large, abundant, and delicious.

AlilllCULTUllAL. 29

GARDEN VEGETABLES.

While the attention of the farmer cannot be too strongly urged to the formation of a good vegetable garden, our object here is not so much to remind him of the garden generally, as of the cultivation of some three or four plants, which are very excellent, but which are frequently missing in the farmer's garden. The first of these is the Rhubarb, or pie-plant. This no man should be without, as it is easily cultivated, comes into use when fruits or other vegetables are scarce, and its acid, when cooked, is most grateful and healthy. A few shoots cut from the roots, and planted in rich ground, some four feet apart, will in a short time, furnish stems (the part used) for a family. To use it, take the stem off the leaf, strip it, cut it in thin slices transversely, and bake it in paste as you would apples. It requires more sugar than the apple, but in flavor is far superior. ■

The Horse Radish is a plant richly deserving a place in the farmer's garden, though too often, through carelessness, it is allowed, when once introduced, to spread where it is not wanted, and in some instances to become a nuisance. There is no need of this, as the radish is as easily confined to its proper allotment in the garden, as the potato or artichoke. It is propagated by sects, or by taking the crown of the plant, with a few inches of root, and burying it m deep rich soil to the depth of eight or ten inches. If the set is split into two or three parts, retaining a part of the crown on each, the plant maybe increased mo e rapidly. Before planted, the ground should be dug and manured to the depth of 18 inches or two feet. .The plants may be set in the Spring or Fall ; but perhaps as good a wray as any. is to put out the sets at the time of gathering the roots, and if desirable, in the same places. The leaves make one of the earliest and best of greens, and the roots, grated and bottled with good vinegar, make it good, when used with moderation, with either boiled or baked meats.

The Tomato, though now much more common than formerly, is still not to be found in many farmer's gardens, where it would be certainly, if the mandates of imperious fashion are in any degree to be heeded. The tomato, though found in its greatest perfection in southern latitudes, can, with a little attention, be grown in most of our gardens, and furnish for months a wholesome, and to many a most agreeable article of food. Few like the tomato, at first, but the taste soon becomes not only reconciled to it, but is much pleased with it. A rich stiff loam is the best soil for the tomato. A good way is to sow the seed in a hot-bed in April, and trans- plant when danger from frost is passed. The plants should be four feet apart, in rich good ground, and the vines should be supported by a frame- work of some kind, or brush, as the fruit will be better than if left on the ground. There are several varieties of the tomato, but the large red for the table or preserving, and the cherry tomato, for pickling, are perhaps the best. They are used in various ways ; eaten in vinegar as cucumbers, made into soups, into toasts, baked in pie, but perhaps the greatest use is in tomato sauce, which is highly esteemed.

There can be no doubt that our farmers might, at a little expense, greatly enlarge their list of valuable garden esculents ; and in so doing materially decrease their annual expenses, while they are at the same time adding to their comforts. — Cultivator.

GRAFTING STONE FRUITS. Mr. II. Little, in an article in the N. E. Farmer, says, " that to insure success, all stone fruits should be grafted before the frost is out of the ground, or as early afterwards as possible."

30 AGRICULTURAL.

A

CURATIVE PROPERTIES OF RIPE FAUIT. It has long been known to a few observing men, and now and then a writer has glanced at the fact, that fruits in season possess remedial vir- tues. Ripe grapes have cured epidemic dysentery. In vine countries they speak familiarly of the " grape cure." Physicians have occasionally ventured to recommend the use of " cooling acid fruits," and the earliest writers have directed sugary ones, as figs, for food in convalescence. But it is known to all that many are prejudiced against fruits, and consider them as very questionable luxuries, at the best. And it must be admitted that they have often proved mischievous, especially when immature, a:)d taken by stealth, or in too large quantities when but occasionally acces- sible. Thus, in ninety-nine cases in every hundred, it will be found that the abuse, and not the free use of fruits, has produced the mischief. Good fruits are always grateful, even to the sickly or palled appetite; and in the young and healthy constitutions its promising appearance, or its delicious aroma, often excites the most ungovernable appetite ; and they gorge themselves, and they suffer therefrom, no worse than from a surfeit offish, flesh or vegetables, perhaps, but still enough to aid in perpetuating the vulgar idea that the unrestricted use of fruit is dangerous. Who ever heard of children and men who provide seasonable fruits in abundance, and permit their habitual use, eating too much, or becoming sick there- from ? I never did. I have had a little experience in this matter, and I have taken pains to collect information, and know that the families where fruit is most plentiful and good, and most highly prized as an article of daily food, are the most free from disease of all kinds, and more especially from fever and bowel complaints.

SCYTHES.

Workmen often make a complaint of their scythes not acting well, of

the edge not cutting uniformly, and the form being wrong, &c. Now, the

form best suited to each mower may be tested by a very simple experi-

| ment. Let a man, with a piece of chalk in his hand, walk up to a high

j wall, or a barn door, and, raising it as high as he can, strike a curve from

I right to left ; the line so traced is the exact form that his scythe should

be ; and if he applies the edge of it, and finds it to correspond, it will cut

uniformly from point to heel, and save himself much trouble and labor.— -

Scientific American.

AMOUNT OF FOOD REQUIRED BY ANIMALS. Of hay, an ox requires two per cent, a day of his live weight. That is, if the ox weighs 2.000 lbs., he requires 40 pounds of hay. If he is work- ing, he will take two and a half per cent. A milch cow should have three per cent, of her weight, as she is proportion-ably lighter than the ox, and part of the substance' of her food goes to form milk. A fatting ox may be fed five per cent, at first, four and a half per cent, when half fat, and four per cent, afterwards. This is independent of other food. A grown sheep will take three and a third per cent, of its weight in hay, to keep in a good store condition. Animals in a growing state require most food, and it is very poor economy to stint them. — Plough.

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION. Water applied to the soil by irrigation, gives many other things besides humidity : it manures, consolidates, deepens the staple or surface mould, and guards against cold— effects as obvious in a northern as in a southern climate. — N. E. Farmer.

RECIPES.

Observations on making Puddings and Pancakes. — The outside of a boiled pudding often tastes disagreeable, which arises by the cloth not being nicely washed, and kept in a dry place. It should be dipped in boiling water, squeezed diy, and floured when going to be used. If bread, it should be tied loose ; if batter, tight over. The water should boil quick when the pudding is put in; and it should be moved about for a minute, lest the ingredients should not mix. Batter pudding should be strained through a coarse sieve, when all is mixed ; in others, the eggs separately. The pans and basins must be always buttered. A pan of cold water should be ready, and the pudding dipped in as soon as it comes out of the pot, and then it will not adhere to the cloth. Yery good puddings may be made without eggs, but they must have as little milk as will mix, and must boil three or four hours. A few spoonfuls of fresh small beer, or one of yeast, will answer instead of eggs; or snow is an excellent substitute for eggs, either in puddings or pancakes. Two large spoonfuls will supply the place of one egg, and the article it is used in will be equally good. The yolks and whites beaten long and separately, make the article they are put into much lighter.

Tomato Omelet. — Procure two quarts of perfectly ripe and fresh tomatoes, cut them carefully, and simmer for the space of two minutes over a tolerably quick fire. Out a few onions tine, and mix with them a due quantity of crumbled bread and a small lump of butter. When nearly done, beat up eight eggs, and mix them thoroughly with the mass by rapid stirring. In a few minutes, the dish will be done.

Soft Gingerbread. — Four tea-cups of flour, two cup? of molasses, half a cup of butter, two cups of thick cream, three eggs, a table- spoonful of ginger, and the same of saleratus. Mix them all together, with the exception of the buttermilk, in which the saleratus must be dissolved, and then added to the rest. It must not stand long before being sent to bake.

Cure for the Croup. — Roast an onion, slice it, and press out the juice ; mix this with honey or brown sugar, forming a syrup ; give a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes till the child is relieved. This is a good remedy.

Ice Cream. — Any preserved fruit, five pounds ; cream, one gallon; juice of six lemons ; sugar to sweeten. Pass the whole through a sieve, then put it into the freezing-pot, and work it until frozen.

Dr. Boerhaave's Rules for Preserving Health. — 1. Keep the feet warm. 2. The head cool. 3. The bowels sufficiently open. These rules, though short, " speak volumes."

Cure for the Diarrhcea. — Parch half a pint of rice until it brown, then boil it as rice is usually done. Eat slowly, and it )?i *

stoi) the most alarmino* rasps of dinrrhmn. ^

stop the most alarming cases of diarrhcea.

AVaffles. — Milk, one quart; eggs, ^ve; flour, one pound ,

quarter ; butter, half a pound ; yeast, one spoonful. When a^a

sift sugar and powdered cassia on them. ^e

!

"BEST DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE."-7.ra. Morn. Chro?i

FMCE REDUCED T® SIX ©OLLAE§.

THE ENTIRE WORK, UNABRIDGED, IN 1 VOL., CROWN QUARTO, OP 1452 PAGES.

Containing THREE TIMES tlie matter found in any other Eng- lish Dictionary compiled in this country, or any abridgment of tills work, and yet "Its definitions are models of CON- DENSATION and PURITY."— Hon. FT. B. Calhoun.

I£EVI§3S!> B¥ 3P2£OS'. €. A. €}©©!> RICH* OW YA1L.E ©©I,LE€JE.

PUBLISHED BY 6. & C. MERRIAM, SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.

TESTIMONIALS.

" Etymological part surpasses any thing that has been done for the English Language"

" A very valuable work — a necessity to every educated man-"

{72s2s^-

"Ages will elapse before any other Dictionary of the language will be required."

LL. D., of Scotland, author of Ch. Philoso., etc. 44 Its reputation is widely extended. I doubt not this edition has re- ceived essential improvements from the able hands it has passed through."

" Best Defining Dictionary in tho English Language."

_OLl^^l

" It is acknowledged, both in this country and in Amer- ica, to be the most copious and most excellent at pres- ent in circulation."— Editor of the London Imperial Dictionary, 1849.

" The best and kost useful dictionary of the English Language ever published." — Lon- don Times.

" We rejoice that it bids fair to become the standard Dictionary to be used by the numerous millions of people who are to inhabit the United States." — Sign- ed by one hundred and four Members of Congress.

Washington, Jan. 1850. " I possess many Dictiona- ries, and of most of the learned and cultivated lan- guages, ancient and mod- ern ; but I never feel that I am entirely armed and equipped, in this respect, without Dr. Webster at command."

Daniel Webster.

" Best specimen of the printing art ever produced in this country." — Libra- rian of Congress. "The copious list of geographical names is itself worth the

COST OF THE WHOLE

work." — School Commit- tee of Framingham.

"Without reserve or qualification, the best ex- tant."— Pres. Olin. " Sur- passed in fullness and accu racy by none in our lan- guage."— Pres. Wcvland.

" It far excels ah $therr, in giving and defining tcicn- tifio terms." — Pres. Hitch- cock.

*^ A. NOBXiE MOWMUaiNT of Erudition."— London Literary Gat*

ITALIAN MEDICATED SOAP.

This admirable emollient is now, by common consent, rated A No. 1 as a remedy for blotches, chaps, chafes, cracks, pimples, pustules, scurf, tan, freckles, sunburn, and all kinds of eruptions, and every species of discolo- ration and disease of the skin. All competition has been completely dis- tanced by this invaluable preparation, the demand for which, within the last six months, has increased more than five hundred per cent, and is still increasing. The clearness and freshness which its use imparts to the com- plexion have rendered it proverbial as a beautilier of the skin ; and no dressing-room can be considered furnished with a proper toilet that lacks

GOURAUD'S ITALIAN MEDICAT3D SOAP.

It is also a delicious compound for shaving, and can be used in hard or soft water, and is a sovereign and instantaneous remedy for the bites of musquitoes and other insects. If beauty be, as it is asserted, only skin deep, it is the more important that the thin covering in which loveliness resides should be kept in its present and most attractive state. Dr. G. might go on amplifying the merits of his Italian Medicated Soap, but he thinks that the number of certificates which have been published through- out the Union, at a cost of several thousand dollars to the Doctor, from eminent Physicians, Clergymen, Members of Congress, Captains of Ships, Officers of the Army and Navy, and a host of distinguished Ladies, the original of which testimonials can always be seen, if required, are, the Doctor thinks, sufficient to convince any one not wilfully blind. If there be any such, the Doctor might apply to them the language of Scripture, and say, " If ye believe not Moses and the Prophets, neither would ye believe though one rose from the dead."

GOURAUD'S POUDRE SUBTILE

Positively extirpates, root and branch, all superfluous hair. GOURAUD'S HAIR RESTORATIVE

Is warranted to prevent hair from falling off, and render harsh, wiry hair, soft, silky and glossy.

GOURAUD'S LiaUID ROUGE

Will impart to the pale cheek and lip a crimson flash as magnificent as that of the rose.

GOURAUD'S LiaUID HAIR DYE

Will change red or gray hair to a beautiful black or brown, the instant it is applied, without staining the skin.

GOURAUD'S LILY WHITE

Instantly dispels redness, flushes, and roughness.

Beware of deception, and remember that it is impossible to procure the genuine preparations of Dr. Gouraud except at his depot, 67 Walker- street, first store from Broadway ; Bates, 129 Washington-street, Boston ; Calen- der, 88 South Third-street, Philadelphia ; Peter Smith, Fifth-street, Cincin- nati ; Carleton, Lowell : Bliss, Springfield ; McNarry & Buck, Hartford ; J. Green, Worcester ; Post, Buffalo ; Cameron, Bridgeport ; and generally throughout the Union.

PTJNDERSOFS

CONDITION POWDERS,

FOR

^TO B4#M[E© ©ATTLI

These Powders, given in quantity proportionate to the circumstances of the several cases as they may occur, have, by the experience of fourteen years, proved to be all the Medicine the Farmer requires for his stock.

In small doses, they purify the blood ; remove inflammation, and allay fever ; loosen the skin ; clear the water, and give a healthy action to the whole system. Given in larger doses, from 1-4 to 1-2 a Powder, they act as an antispasmodic and deobstruent. A whole Powder given at a dose, in the form of a ball, is the best purge known, and will effectually expel all kind of worms, botts, &c.

One or two Powders will perfectly cure a recent Founder in six or eight days, without leaving the least effect in the feet, if no blood is let, and nothing else done, only to give the Powder as directed. Bleeding changes the inflammation from acute to chronic, and settles in the feet. In Horse- Distemper they allay the fever and promote a healthy termination of the disease.

One Powder will in all cases cure the Horn-Distemper in a cow, without boring the horns or doing anything more than to give the Powder as directed for a horse. An ox will sometimes require a double dose, or two Powders. Every cow should have one Powder given her after calving, it carries off all fever and humors, cleans her well, and makes her milk good and abundant through the season. In cases of chouc or belly-ache, Bloating, caused by drinking when warm or by anything eaten, or from any other cause, one quarter of a Powder put dry on the back part of the tongue, will generally give relief in fifteen minutes, and in case it should not, may be repeated ; the second dose has never failed to cure. Their effect is the same on all Herbiverous Animals.

SS"CAUTION.^Sf

As there are many imitations and counterfeits, see that you get

"PUNDERSON'S CONDITION POWDERS."

and that each wrapper is signed by F. PUNDERSON in writing — none others are genuine. Prepared only by

F. PUMBERSOI,

Druggist, Hudson, N. Y.

SANDS' SARSAPARILLA

IN QUART BOTTLES, For Purifying the Blood, and for the Cure of

Scrofula, Rheumatism, Stubborn Ulcers, Dyspepsia, Salt- Rheum, Fever Sores- Erysipelas,

Pimples, Biles, Mercurial Diseases, Cutaneous Eruptions, Liver Complain1,

Bronchitis, Consumption, Female Complaints, Loss of Appetite,

General Debility, fyc , §c, $c.

In this preparation all, the restorative properties of the root are concentrated in their utmost strength and efficacy ; but while Sarsaparilla Root forms an important part of its combination, it is at the same time compounded with other vegetable remedies of great power; and it is in the peculiar combination and scientific manner of its prepara- tion, that its remarkable success in the cure of disease depends. Many other prepara- tions imitate it in bearing the name of Sarsaparilla, and in that their resemblance ends, being often prepared from worthless and inert roots, and of course possess no healing or curative properties ; and patients in making choice of which they will use should take no other, but that one entitled to their confidence, from the long list of cures it has effected on living witnesses, whose testimonials and residence have been published, and who are still bearing daily testimony to its worth. FROM A PHYSICIAN IN MARYLAND.

Cambridge. Md.< Oct 5. 1850.

Messrs. Sands: Gentlemen. — My little daughter was afflicted for a long time with sore head and eyes, and by using your Sarsaparilla was perfectly cured, other medicines and sarsaparillas having failed to relieve her. Having used it and tested its efficacy, I now confidently recommend it in preference to any other, as it seems to possess properties not contained in any other preparation: and I find that purchase) s after they have used it, invariably want the same article again, whenever they require a medicine for which this is recommended Respectfully yours, J. FLINT, M.D.

Prepared and sold, wholesale and retail, by A. B. &'D. SANDS, Druggists and Chem- ists, 100 Fulton street, corner of William, New York. Sold also by Druggists generally throughout the United States and Canadas. Price $1 per bottle ; six bottles for $5.

PERUVIAN FEBRIFUGE,

FOR THE PREVENTION AND CURE OF

^jEFSTTBEEL ^2^13 JkX3kTTE*t

Intermittent and Remittent Fevers, Liver Complaints, Jaundice, Dumb Ague, Dyspepsia, Nervous Headache, Enlargement of the Spleen, and all the different forms of Bilious Diseases. This preparation is intended especially as a remedy for the prevention and cure of Fever and Ague, but it is equally adapted to other forms of disease, such as Bilious, Intermittent and Remittent Fevers, Dumb Ague, &c A single teaspoonful will often prevent an attack of Chills and Fever; and while operating so effectually as a palliative, its permanency is equally reliable, and no fears need be entertained of any injury resulting from its use, as its component parts are all vegetable, and have been thoroughly tested by many eminent physicians with the most signal success. In all climates where bilious and remittent fevers prevail, this remedy will be found invalu- able, and no person travelling through, or residing in infected districts, should be without it. READ THE FOLLOWING- TESTIMONY:

Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 25, 1S53.

Messrs. A. B. <fc D. Sands : Gentlemen, — Having been the past year severely afflicted

with Fever and Ague, and living in a district where I have been constantly exposed to

repeated attacks, I tried the most approved remedies for the cure of the complaint, and

dfthiong ttiem took four bottles of India Cholagogue, without producing anything but

Fa partial relief. By the advice of a friend, I was induced to try the Peruvian Febrifuge,

and am happy to say the very first dose did me much good, and less than one bottle

entirely broke up the chills, restored my appetite, regulated my bowels, and effected an

entire cure. It also cured one of my children, affected the same as myself, and I have

enough left to cure two or three more. A desire to relieve those suffering, as I have

done, alone induces me to make the above statement. Yours, very trulv,

EDWARD MEHE.R. Price $1 50 per Bottle. Prepared and sold, wholesale and retail, by A. B. & D. SANDS, Druggists and Chemists, No. 100 Fulton Street, corner of William, New York. Sold also by Druggists generally.

No. 76 BOWERY, NEW -YORK,

HAS FOR SALE IN QUANTITIES, OR BY RETAIL, AT THE LOWEST PRICES, AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF

BOOKS & STATIONERY,

Comprising Greek, Latin, French, Spanish, and English School Books ; Blank Books ; Juvenile and Toy Books, Miscellaneous Works, with all the new and cheap publications as they issue from the Press ; also a large assortnent of Statio?iery and Fancy Articles.

SCHOOL BOOKS.— All the different kinds of Primers, Spelling Books, Reading Books. Grammars, Arithmetics, Geographies, Atlasses, Histories, Dictionaries, &c, also, works on Astronomy, Algebra, Chemistry, Philoso- phy, Mathematics, Surveying, Geometry, Botany, Book-keeping, Rhetoric, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Geology, Mineralogy, Cooking, Farming, Gar- dening. Law, Medicine. Theology, Architecture, &c, &c.

CLASSICAL BOOKS, in Latin, Greek, French, Spanish, and Hebrew. BLANK BOOKS. — Ledgers, Journals, Day Books, Invoice, Cash and Letter Books, Receipt, Time, and Bill Books, Memorandum, Bank and Pass Books, Cyphering, Book-keeping and Writing Books, j ACCOUNT BOOKS ruled and bound to any pattern that may be wanted. j RELIGIOUS BOOKS.— Family, Pocket, and School Bibles, Testaments, I Psalm and Hymn Books, Prayer Books, and various religious works, by i approved authors.

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS, including Standard and Illustrated Books, Annuals, &c.

BOOKS FOR CHILDREN.— A very large assortment— suitable for Children of all ages. Also, the Juvenile Annuals published for 1854.

STATIONERY— both for the Counting Room, and for Schools, in- cluding all articles wanted for Drawing and Painting of the best quality.

FANCY ARTICLES, of various kinds, many of them suitable for pre- sents.

ALL WARRANTED GOOD AND GHEAP.

FASHIONABLE MAGAZINES AND CHEAP PUBLICATIONS.

Also, Agent for the following Magazines, which, are received regularly every month, and sold by the single number ; or subscriptions received and the numbers delivered in any part of the city, or sent by mail to any part of the country, viz. :

Godey's Lady's Book; Graham 's Magazine; Harpers' Magazine; Pvtnatnts Magazine ; Leslie's Ladies' Gazette of Fashion.

Each of the above Magazines published monthly, at $3 per annum, or 25 cents per single number, but may be had as above at reduced price?. The Lady's National Magazine, Published monthly, at $2 per annum, or 18| cents per single number. HI ALSO, ALL THE CHEAP PUBLICATIONS, As they are published, either in parts or complete works.

MUSIC FOR THE PIANO.

m.xoos oik. 033SS