Yolume G. JANUARY. Humbgr 1 Subscription Price, $1.50 a year. SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA, JANUARY, 1875. Single Copies, 15 cents. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page 3, Kditorial.— Wire in Dried Apples. Bi'St Advertisinj^ Medium. Local Movements in Bu.siucss. Notes. •■ 4. Editorial Notes. '• 5, Poetry.— To a Dandelion in January. Courage to do Riylit. Tlie Forest Trees. Backbone. What are we go- ins to do? Don't ruu in Debt. Ac- complished. •• C, Editorial.— A Fine Stock Farm and facts from Heal Practice. *• T, A Fine St-ock Farm and facts from Ileal Practice (continued). Jerseys vs. Durhamsand Ayrshires. Japan- ese Maples. Etc. ** 8, Editorial. —Raisin vs. Wine Grapes. Merino and Cotswold. To prevent Ruts in Roads. Shipping Meat in- stead of Grain. *' 9, Correspondence.- Experience of a Lady Canvasser. From Jas. O. Har- ris. Live Slock and Population. Meeting of the National Grange in Charleston. Roots for Stock Feed- ing Orange Culture iu Upper Cali- fornia. •• 10, Domestic— Cooking Eggs. Only fif- ty cents a Week. Colored Inks. Etc. *• 11, Household Reading. —Home (poet- ry).—Chats with Farmers' Wives and Daughters — No 2. Early Rising. For self or for others. Ants vs. Caterpil- lars. Short-Horn Statistics. Etc. *♦ 13, Dairy. — Somethihg about Milk. Managing Cows in Holland. Give plenty of food to Cows. Etc. *• 13, Poultry Yard. — Eggs vs. Meat. Sex in Poultry. Gapes in Chickens. To insure the Hat<;hingof Eggs. Etc. •* 14, Apiary.— Bee Culture in California. Nature of Bees. •' 15, Nature of Bees (continued).- Flori- cultural,— Ferns as Window Plants. A Plant St^nd. Soil for Floriculture. Sand and Water for Cuttings. Salt a.s Manure. *' IG, Porcine.— Wheat and Vegetables for Hogs. Feeding Swine. Quality in Pork.- Piseicnlturw.- Care of Gold Fish. The Greatest Ci-op in the World. ** 17, The Sheep Herd —Combing Wools. Every Farmer should be a Sheep- Grower. Etc. When to Sell Wheat. Etc. 18, The Horse. — Shall we encourage Walking Horses? How to purchase a Horse. Mules and Horses at the South. Bonner as a Horse-Fancier. Boys and CJirls.— Give us a Chance (poetry). Time waits for no Boy.— EducationaL— To Young Men. Ed- ucation of Girls. Correspondence. Booms, No. 334 Santa Clara st. , San Jose. ^. c. F s :ei is: z IT s, Agent for Santa Clara County. The Singer Seiving Narhine Conpany sold, iu 1873. o3a, 444 Macbiues, aud 113,^54 UOBB THAN ANX OIBlEA SsWINO MACHINE CuUPANV. fi^ We have & First-class Machinist emplnyod, ami make the repairing of all eorts of Sewin;,' Machinon a specialty. Old luachiues taken in exchange for new. All work warranted. BEUKSHniE PIGS FOR SALE. PON'T RAISE SUCH LOOKING HOGS as this when you can get Pure-bred Berk- shires to improve your common stock. We have now Three Pairs of as fine-bred Berkshire Pigs, three months old, as can be found in America, which will be 8old to tboso first ordering, if taken this month, at $40 a pair. Pedigrees furnished with full guarantee of purity Addi-esB, S. HARRIS HERRING, Editor California Agriculturist and Lite Stock Journal, San Jose. HBSDS. OF EVERY VARIETY. Fieeh and reliable, such as experience and care only can select. Grass and Clover Seeds, Kentucky Bine Grass. Hungaiuan, Okchaed, Italian Bye, Red Top, Timothy, MESQurr. Sweet Vernal, Choice Califoh- NLi Alfalfa, White Cloveb, Red Clover, etc. Alan, Ramie, Jute and Tobacco seeds; together with a fine and complete collection of Thee seeds, Acstha- lian Blue Gum, Hkqucha Gkjantea, Finds iNsiGNis.etc For sale, wholesale and retail, by B. P. WELLINGTON, Importer and Dealer. 425 Washington street, San Francisco. mm SEEDS. Veg stable SEEDS. Si)ooncr'.s Prize Flower Seeds. SPOONBE'S BOSTON MARKET VE&ETABLE SEEDS. Descriptive Priced Catalogue, with over 150 illustrations, mailed free to apidicaut. W. H. SPOONER, Boston, Mass. CALIFOI^NIA GLOVE FACTORY, SAN JOSE. WILCOX & WILLIAMS, Manufarturers and dealirn in GIiOVSS AND eAtJXVTXiZSXS Of all descriptions. Heavy Bnck Gloves for Teamsters' and Farmers^ U«e, Heavy and Liifjlit Gaunt- lets for Liadies and Gentlemen. Heavy and I>i<;;^lit Buckskin Gloves for Gentlemen, and tlie Moat Styl- ish. !!iorts of Fine Kid Gloves for I^adiea. ff?" The very best materials are used in our Factory, and skilled workmanship is guaranteed. Store and Factory: 3^9 First street, under the New Odd FelloWH' Hall. The American Sardine Go's Boneless Sardines, are much better, and less than half the coBt of import- ed Sardines. apr lyr. A B To All Who Require Light for Household and Other Purposes. The Recent production of " Mineral Sperm," together with the peerless Dual Burners for all kinds cf lumps, is one of the most important events of the times. Mineral Sperm Oil is as safe as sperm or lard oil, has no offensive smell, and finer illuminating power than any oil yet produced. YOU CANNOT EXPLODE IT. If the lamp should fall and break, the oil would ex- tinguish all flame. One gallon goes as far as two of the best coal oil. The Burners fit any lamp. Call and see them, at L. H. HOLLOW AY'S, where you will find a complete assortment of Lamps and l-amp Fixlures, and also the completcst assortment of Groceries and Provieions, at prices which defy competition. C. A. IZOT7CS, Successor to L. H. HOLLOW AY, wbo will conduct the bupiness on the same liberal principles and tc-rnis a£ heretofore. 311 Santa Clara Street, San Jose Bank Building. California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal. beeedehs' dieectory. Parties desiring to purcbaee LivC Stock will find in thiK l>irect»ry the naiueB of aome of the most reliable Bretiders. Our Rates. — Cards of two lincB or less will be in- Bcrtod in this Diroctory at the rate of 50 cents per month. A line will average about eight words. Paynble annually. CATTLE. COL.EMAIV VOtJlVGER, San J"Be. Santa Clara t'ounty, Cal., breeder of Short-Hom Cattle. R. G. SIVKATH, Men lo Park. San Mateo Co , Cal., choice -Jerbey Cows, Heifers and Bull Calves for sale CAKR . MORSE, San Francisco, Breeder of Short- Horn and Devon Cattle. SHEEP AND GOATS. I.. J. HAN'CHETT, San Jiwp, Santa Clara county, Oal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. J. R. JEWKIA^ Petaluma, Sonoma county, Cal. breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SKNBCA DANIEI S, Lakeviile, Sonoma county, Cal., breeder of Devon Cattle. CUAS.G. BOCKIVS, Lomo Place, Sutter county, Cal.. breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. JOHN JVDSON, Bloomfleld, Sonoma county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. A, MILLARD, San Rafael, Marin county, Califor- nia, breeder of Jerseys and Alderueya. H. P. I.IVBRMORE, San FranciBco, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. BENNKTT & PAGE, San Fiancieco, breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. IiEWIS PIERCE, Suisun, Solano county, Califor- nia, breeder of Short-Horn Cattlo. S. N. PUTNAM, breeder of Pure-bred Durham Cattli', Santa Clara, Cal. SWINE. a. HARRIS BARRING, San JoBe, Cal., breeder of Best Purebred Berkshire Swiuo. CH.\RL.G:s CI.ARK, Milpitas. Santa Clara county, Cal., brtK-dcr of x^urebred Berkwhire Swiue, MEAT MARKETS. TEDDY & BKO., Stall No. 1, City Market, do a gen- J eral butchering and nmrket buaiuess. City orders delivered fri^e of extra charj^e. MRS, ROBERT BLACOW, Centerville, near NilcH Station, Alameda county, Cal. Pure-blooded French Merino Rama and Ewes lor sale. A. G, STONESIPER, HiU's Ferry, Stanislaus Co., Cal., breeder of Pure-blooded French Merino Sheep. A. VROMAN, Jenny Lind, Calaveras county, Cal., CotHWold Bucks for sale. References, Moody & Far- ish. San Francisco; Shippee, McKee & Co.. Stockton, MARSH «& RETICKER, San Jose, Santa Clara county, breeders of Pure Anyora Goats. LENDRUM ^ ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal., im- porters and breeders of Pure Angora Goats. LENORUM & ROGERS, "Watsonville, Cal. Im- porttTB and breeders of the finest Cotswold Sheep and Angora Goats. MCCRACKEN & LEWIS, San Jose, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of fine Angora Goats. Alf>o, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. MEIIINO RAMS.- Pure blood and Grades. The finest in the State. Address, McCrackeu & Lewis, San Joso. THOS. BUTTERFIELD & SON, BKEEDEU8 AND IMPORTKRe OF ANGORA OR CASHMERE GOATS, !^zf" Also, Cotswold and nthiT long wool Sheep. "^38 FRENCH AND SPANISH MERINOS. HOL.LISTER, MONTEREY CO., CAL. POULTRY. M FALLON, Seventh and Oak streets, Oakland, Cal.,oflfers for sale Eggs from every variety of choice Fowls. ALBERT E. BURBANK, 43 and 44 California ;\Iarki't, Sau Fraucisio, importer and breeder of Fancy Fowls, Pigeons, Rabbits, etc. MISGELLANEO US. DAWSON 4.* BANCROFT, U. S. Live Stock Ex- chant,'e, sdutheast corner o4 Fifth and Bryant streets San Francisco. All kinds of common and thorough- bred Stuek always on exhibition and for sale. BARRY & WALLACE. 386 First street. Handsome tiu-nouts always on hand at fair prices. Fine hearso for funerals. Give us a trial. J H.GORDON, 351 Santa Clara street, below Second. • Gas, water and Bteam fitting, and general plxuub- ing business. Charges very mooerate. BSANGUINETTI, 418 an4 4-20 First si. BookcaBPB, • wardrobes, kitchen safes and picture frames made to order. Furniture made and repaired. W WARNER HENRY, Jobber of groceries and , provisions. No. 4*21 Clay street, near Sausome. Orders from the country promptly attended to. TBOSCHKEN, Hardware, Builders' Materials, ■ Housu FurniHhing Utensils, and pU kinds of Shelf Hardware, 417 First Street, San Jose. R. S. THOMPSON, N.VPA, (A I,. ^f.r^-l.'A'i^ IMPOKTER AND BIIEEDER OF THOROUGH-BRED BERKSHIRE SWINE. ~ E. A. CLAEK, ' Attorney at Law, M liik i:id Goscral Business A^ent, SU: A R C II 1 N 4J AND N V K V A N C I N « pnniiptly and correctly dnrm— Heal Kstatebuut^ht and sold. Ofi-ick;— In Post Oflice Uuildiug. LOUIS CHOPARD, J E w E L L l: li , And dealer in SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY, At Low Figures* BF&. Watches and Jewelry carefully repaired. AMMO N I A! — FOR — "WASHIITG — AND — Cleansing Purposes. THIS ARTICIjE is rNrVERSALLT USEO in Europe, and although only recently introduced for general family use in San Francisco and neighbor- hood, is already in great demand. It is now the in- tention of the niannfacturers to introdiu^e it all over the Pacific Coast. With this idea they olfer It at pricea which bring it within the reach of every household. It is unequaled for cleansing Woolen Fabrics, Cutlery, Carpets or Croctery, Scmbbing^ Floors, Wasliin^jT Paint, Removing; Greastr Spots, Sliampooning' or Batliing^. It renders water soft, and imparts a delightful sense of coolness after washing. PRICE— Per Pint Bottle, 25 cents; per Quart Bottle, 40 cents; per Half Gallon, 75 cents. The trade supplied with all grades of AMMONL\ at San Francisco prices. D. MCcSEXVZIS, ■ no 3t San Joso Foundrj", Sole Agent. Milton Campbell. — DEALKU I.N^ STOVES, PUMPS, lEOlT PIPES. TIN EOOFING, ETC., ETC. 385 FIEST ST., near Central Market. SAN JOSE. SANTA CLARA TANNERY. JACOB EBEKHARUT, I'uoi-rietor. ALL KINDS OF LEATIIEU. SHEEP SKINS, AND W(^OL. Highest price paid for ShuciJ Skins, Tal- low, Wool, etc. JACKSON LEWIS. DK.M.EIC IN ^^ Watches and Jewelry, Silver and PLATED "WAHE, '■2r><.> Suntu Clara St., Sau Joi^e. AGENT FOR THE DIAMOND SPECTACLES. fiMHObit Liiawy 6 '5,t.fc.fc e Caii m^m^wm riciilturist Vol. 6. SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA, JANUARY, 1875. No. 1. Wire in Dried Apples. Eds. Aoeiculturist : — Consignmenta of Alden dried fruits have lately been received by our grocers, which are highly approved of by the honse-keepera of San Diego. There is, however, one drawback to the dried apples, and I wish to know if it is an accidental one, incident to the quantity shipped here, or whether it is a usual de- feet in the preserving process. I find minute pieces of wire about the thickness of medium cotton thread, and from an inch to half an inch in length, imbedded in the slices, necessitating the overhauling of every single piece preparatory to cooking. I think it about as safe to swallow a needle or a pin as one of these slight but tough pieces of wire. A busy housekeeper who has little time to spare grudges the bestow- al of so much of it upon a mess of apple- sauce. Mrs. J. P. RowE, San Diego. We think that the pieces of wire spoken of by our correspondent must have come there by the scaling off of particles of the wire meshes upon which the fruit rested while drying, owing to the action of the heat of the furnace and acids of the fruit upon imperfect ■nires. We never before heard of such a thing. Battle Mountain, Nev., I December 20th, 1874. j Ed. Agricitltubist. Dear Sir: — Please forward me your valuable paper; enclosed please find price of same. Will you have the kindness to inform me if hogs will do well on raw artichokes, or what general in- formation you may have in relation to feed- ing and fattening hogs on same. Also, if they will do well, whore I can obtain % ton and at what price. Yours Kesp'y, H. C. Emmons. Wo have seen hogs fatten on the ground artichoke on Spoon River, Illinois. The hogs run in the pastures where they were grow- ing, and rooted them up as they wanted them. We do not know where the roots can be obtained nor at what price. Will some reader who has cultivated them here answer and give their experience. Best Advertising Mediums. The Agricultural Journals find their sub- scribers mainly among the best class of the country population. They necessarily em- ploy a good deal of various and special talent, and expend on themselves a larger amount of money than other journals, and must therefore obtain a larger circulation to live and thrive. Thus they form a highly important and influential class of news- papers, and have a peculiar value to adver- tisers. Perhaps no others are read so care- fully and thoroughly, and so much pre- served for re-reading and reference. — Ad- vcrtwers' Magazine. The mind advances by steps: some men take one, some two, some three. The San Jose Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, has just issued from our ofiice, 1,000 Constitutions and By-laws and the Act under which the Society was in- corporated. It is a 16-page pamphlet, pocket size with a colored cover, and is published for gratuitous distribution. Per- sons wishing to organize snch a society, or feeling an interest in this one should send for a copy. Every humane person must approve of its objects. ;■,.;,, ..;;; *-•-> ' - ^ Lottery Advertisements-— We have just received two grand schemes for swindling the unweary, and been offered great inducements to advertise the same. We wish there was a simple, plain law against advertising such abominations. No decent paper will do it to be sure. It should be reason enough why a paper should not be patronized by respectable persons when, for money, they ■will encourage so shameful a vice as the lottery business. Mr. J. J. H. Gregory of Marblehead, Mass., has his annual advertisement in our columns. He was the original introducer of some of the best vegetables now found on every table. He comes this season -nath a new squash, and a number of tempting specialties, some of which are finely illus- trated from engravings taken from photo- graphs. The fact that so many of his varieties of seed are of his own growing, is a golden fact for farmers and gardeners. .•-•-» The California State Grange has never authorized or given official recognition to any paper in this State as an organ of the Grange movement. Whatever has been published has been done as private speculation by Individuals, at their own discretion. The idea has prevailed that certain papers are Grange organs, and should be respected as such. Patrons should not allow themselves to be humbugged. • — < • > Sugar Beets for Stock. In a paper before the Little Falls, N. T., Farmers' Club, Harris Lewis said: " I have concluded that the best varieties of the French and German sugar beets are the most nutritious, the most acceptable to the cow, and produce the best flavored milk of all the roots I ever fed. But all these sugar beets go down to the crown in the soil, and cost three or four times as much labor per ton to harvest them as it does to harvest any one of the kinds of beets known as the mangold wurzel. Again, the sugar beets seldom yield more than 20 tons per acre, while the man- gold wurzel often j-ields over 40 tons per acre. I would recommend the large wurzel, such as the Norbiton giant, long mammoth, red, yellow ovid and yeUow globe, for gen- eral cultivation, as those kinds that will give the greatest yield per acre, and as cattle food, give entire satisfaction to all dairymen or cattle feeders, who maj- grow and feed them in connection with hay, or other dry forage, during the winter. The more I feed beets to cows the greater value I place upon them, as good, nutritious, health-promoting food. LOCAL MO VEMENTS IX BUSINESS. A fine, large, new jewelry store has been opened at 324 Santa Clara street, San Jose, by L. Houriet & Co. It is ahead of anything in San Jose in the magnificence of its appoint- ments and amount of stock. Business is extending up First sWeet quite rapidly. San Jose seems to be in a prosper- ing condition — more so than for several years past, if we are to judge by the growth of business. John Rock has opened his yard in San Jose for the sale of all sorts of fruit, ornamental and shade trees, plants and vines, etc., both out of door and green-house. Mr. Henu is his salesman again this season, and the stand is at the same place, near Wells, Fargo & Co's., First street. Our old friend and partner, Mr. L. H. Hol- loway, has sold his grocery store to a gentle- man named Huff, who takes possession the first of this month. Mr. Holloway goes to San Francisco to engage in the same business in connection with a publication to be devoted to the grocery trade, so we understand. A new glove factory has opened attractively at 330 First street, under the new Odd Fel- lows' HalL This is an enterprise that is bound to succeed, as already the demand for California made gloves has run out the cheap trash that is imported to make money on. Refonn Journals. — Says an exchange: "Journalism in the line of reform is very difiicult business. Somebody has to make sacrifices, and generally the last ones who are willing to make them are those who are most to be benefitted by their being made." The reason why this is so seems to be this: the majority of men and women prefer amusement to Instruction, and would sooner be flattered in their vices than to listen to reproof or make an eflbrt at correction. It is more con- venient to run in the ruts of social opinion than to stem the current in pursuit of some- thing better. The majority of mankind dis- like to reason or act out of the narrow circle of conventional ways and ideas. The Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society hold an annual meeting for the elec- tion of oflicers on the 7th of this month. An attempt will be made by those opposed to re- form to perpetuate the horse racing, and pool selling, and liquor selling features, while those who would see the society conducted \nth the object of advaucing the faa*mera' interests and not as a horse race, will oppose it. The life membership is $50, which is so high that but few farmers can afford to take memberships. This gives the jockeys, who can, for the "benefits" derived from their ' ' avocations ' ' afford to join, a chance for a majority. ^'.o California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. •i I « ^ive ^faiik^aurti. McKenzio. Wife Rays it saves one-third the labor and leaves the clothes beautifully white and clean. It dis- solves the dirt, and little rubbing is required to cleanso tlie clothes. The Grangers' Guide is a new publication of twenty-four pages, published by Bro. Earl, who is an officer of the Grangers' Immigrant Bureau. Although published under the aus- pices of the Grangers, it is really a private speculation, as much as any other paper. It may have a mission to fill, and it may fill it. The paper makes a very credible appearance, but gives a very glowing and one-sided ac- count of the country. It is published osten- sibly to induce immigration to this State, and to show immigrants where homes can be ob- tained at a reasonable cost. How much of self-interest is involved we are not able to say. The man who undertakes to establish a manufactory for the production of any article on this coast has got to fight his way against importers and dealers generally. The starch factory that was started in our county some years since, was actually crushed by imjjort- ing parties who held the monopoly of the trade, through dealers, and who had enriched themselves at the people's expense. The furniture manufactory in San Jose, is an ob- ject of special spite, and the importers wiU do the best they can to kill it. The furniture made at this factory is better than has ever been sold for the same money in San Jose, and we hope that whoever wants such articles as they manufacture will patronise the home factory, in preference to being humbugged with imported goods. Carl Brown. — San Jose can lay claim to an artist who promises to gain for himself considerable distinction. Mr. Carl Brown came here last Summer at the call of Mr. Brohaskie to paint new style scenery for his theater. The rapidity and excellence with which he brought out new scenery was the astonishment and delight of all theater-goers, and did much to make the "Opera House" popular. Lately Mr. Brown has been paint- ing portraits, which have gained him much credit. He has also patuted a battle scene which exhibits a large conception of the ideal. Having settled here, and being of an enter- prising disposition, he has, in addition to the use of his pallet, opened a skating rink on the Opera House floor, where the active youth of San Jose can devote some of their surplus vitality to physical development. The California Agriculturist is not moved to San Francisco. It is still jiubUshed at San Jose, and will most probably continue to be for some time to come. We have had no notion of moving. Although we claim as our field the whole broad land of the Pacific States, yet wo are content to call San Jose our home. When it was announced that Mr. G. W. Henning's paper, which ho calls the Granijer, was going to be moved to San Fran- cisco, many persons, owing to similarity in the sound of names, took us for the Granger man, and I'lcc versa. There has been a good deal of "confusion worse confounded, " first and last, since we unfortutuitely associated his name with ours for two months in 1H73. It will b(^ recollected that the ValifornUi (jrangcr was started soon after that short partnership was abruptly ended. When wo would not be roped into receiving bribe money for advo- cating the interest of a political party, and ' could not be persuaded to give up, at his own terms, our interest in the Agbicultithist, which we estabhshed, the threat that the Ag- BicULTDBisT should be killed was freely made. We had always objected to making, or at- tempting to make, the AoaicpLTtrEisT an or- (/an of any society or party. Wo preferred to be free and untrammelled; to discuss "any matters in the interests of the farmers with but one motive — the farmers' good. Without authority from the Grangers, but as a catch- word, the name (granger was given to Hen- ning's paper. While Henning was in the AoKicTTLTnEisT he put at the head of this journal, contrary to our expostulations, claim- ing that he had the authority and the right so to do, these words : ' ' The AGRiciTi.TtrBiST having been recognized as the only organ of the Patrons of Husbandry on the Pacific Coast, we respectfully solicit the aid of the officers of Granges in making it a perfect ex- ponent of the principles and working of the Order," etc. On complaint of the proprie- tors of the Rural Press to the Executive Committee of the State Grange, the Committee wrote to "Herring & Hen- ning," ordering us to take down that announcement as it was made without authority, etc. And they further declared that they desired to recognize no paper as an organ, but trusted to the good wiU of the whole intelligent press to favorably discuss and advocate the Grange interests. Thi sentiment suited us, and a modest person would naturally think it would have satisfied Mr. Henning. But the first thing he did when we dissolved partnership, was to start the California Granger. He might, with as much propriety, have called it the Grangers' Confidence. By taking up the popular cry, and assuming a name that would imply au- thority in Grange matters, our "would-be leader " led ofl'. But now th.at he has de- parted from our town to San Francisco to take the wind oxit of the sails of our old rival the liural Press, we surely ought to be satisfied. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. We condole the Jiui-al Press on their acquisition of such a rival. The Rural Press has always given a gi-eat deal of Grange in- telligence and has been faithful and sound upon all questions concerning Patrons. Its advice has been reliable, and it is a good agricultural as well as Grange paper. We shall be sorry to see the Rural demolished although when it is out of the way, we may, by having one less agricultural paper on this coast to contend with, bo able to gather a larger harvest of subscribers. Christmas has passed ofl", as did Thanks- giving Day, quietly with us, but not the less as a holiday. It was joy enough to see the many happy faces and hear the laughing voices out-welling with kindness. Why can- not the world always be as cheerful? Alas! for the selfishness that takes from our lives so much of good will and joy that might come from well-doing. These holidays come like gleams of sunshine, and it the clouds they rend would only stay away during the whole year, our days would always bo happy, and as good as " Christmas and New Year" all the time. Let us all remember that as long as thoro is a chance to improve it is our duty to progresB. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Dandelion in January. J ju.i make a mistako, my darling? Dirt you bear the joy-bells riug, Det'p iu the tanKle of Rraesfs, Till yoii tUouj/ht it was surely Spring? , And forth, in your winbome beauty. You st<;iiiif(l with a modest ail*, Mntchiufi the golden weather With the grace of your golden hair. It iR not in the least 6urpriBing That a sUy 60 tender ag this ShuuM wakeu the dreaming flowers As if with an April kiss. Indeed, the marvel is only That all the beautiful train Violet, fiuow-drop and lily. Do not troop hither again. If we, with our grown-up learning. Wero not BO dreadfully wine, We should oi-rtrtinly think that Summer ^Vas standing' before our eyi^s; For hurc are her glorious colors, And here in her fervjd sun. Tray, how could you tell, little flower, Her reign was over aud dune ? But what will you do when a morning ShaU come to your dwelling-place. And si:"wl with a dnrk displeasure, Into your laughing face? "Where will you hide in the morning That shatters your house so fair, And weaves a glitter of hoar-frost Ovei' your faded hair? Not with the touch of April. Not with the breath of May, Cometh the chill old Winter, Her weight on your heart to lay. My poor little dandelion. When you heard the joy-bells ring, Why did you not wait and, listen, Aud be sure that it was Spring ? Up from the tiny flower Came a voice as fine as a thread: I tell you. in ench an hour, I couldn't lie still in bed; And to see this Indian Summer, And its light as clear as May, Is worth whatever mny happen On yoiu" dread wintry day. Courage to Do Right. We may have conrnge, all of us. To start at honor's call. To meet a foe. protect a friend. Or face a cannon ball; To show the world one hero lives — The foremost in the -fight- But do we always manifest The courage to do right? To answer, nol with steady breath, And quick, unfaltering tongue. When tierce temptation, ever near. Her syren song has sung ? To care not for the bantering tone. The jest or studied slight; Content if we can only have The courage to do right? To step aside from fashion's Gour.^«, ■ Or cnstom's favored plan. To pluck an outcast from the street. Or help a fellow man? If lint, then let us nnbly fry, llenceforth.with :ill our might, In every case to muster up The courage to do right. The Forest Trees. BY ELIZA COOK. Up with your heatls, ye sylvan lords! Wave proudly iu the breeze: For oar cradle bands and colfin boanle Must come from the forest trees. Wo blesa ye for yonr Summer shade, When our weak limbs fail and tii-e; Our thanks are due for your Winter aid, When wo pile'the bright log Are. Oh I where would be onr rule on the sea, And the fame of the sailor band; Were it not for the oak and cloud-crown'd pIno That spring on the quiet land? When the ribs and masts of the good ship live Ami weather the gale with case; Take his glass from the tar who will not give A health to the forest trees. Ye lend to Life its earliest Joy, And wait on its latest page- In the circling hnop for the rosy boy, And the easy chair for Age. The old man tottere on his way. With footsteps sbt»rt aud slow; But without the stick for his help and stay, Nor a yard' length could he go. The hazel twig in the stripling's hand Hiith magic power to please; And the trusty stafl and sleuder wand Are pluck'd from the forest trees. Ye are seen in the shape of the blessed plow And the merry ringing flail; Ye shiue in the dome of a monarch's home. And the sacred altar-rail. In the rustic poYch, the panoU'd wall, In the gay triumphal ear; In the rude-built hut, or the banquet hall- No matter, there ye arel Then up with your koads, ye pylvan lordsl Wave proudly iu the breeze; From our cradle bands to our coflin boards, We're in debt to the forest trees. Backbone. When you see a fellow-mortal Without fixed aud fearless views. Hanging on the skirts of others, Walking in their cast-oft' shoes, Bowing low to wealth and favor With uncovered, abject head, Keady to retract or waver' Willing to be driven or led; Walk yourself with firmer bearing. Throw your mortal shoulders back. Show your spine has nerve and marrow — Just the things which his must luck. When you see a theologian Hugging close some ugly creed. Fearing to reject or question Dogmas which his priest may read. Holding back a noble feeling. Choking down each manly view, Caring more for fonus aud symbols Than to know the good and true; Walk yourself with firmer bearing. Throw your mortal shoulders back, Show your spine has nerve and marrow — Just the ihings which his must lack. WTien you see a politician Crawling through contracted holes, Beggiug for some fat position In the ring or at the polls, With no sterling manhood in him, Notliing staple, broad, or sound. Destitute of pluck or ballast, Double-sided all around; Walk yourself with firmer bearinpf. Throw your mortal shoulders back, Show your spine has nerve and marrow- Just the things which his must lack, A stronger work Was never heard In sense and tone Than this — backbone. A modest song and plainly told — The text is worth a mine of gold. For many men most sadly lack A noble stiflne s in the back, —[Sol. What Are We Going to Do? What are we going to do, good friends. In the year that is to come, To baftle that fearful fiend of death Whose messenger is rum ? Shall we fold our hands and bid him pass. As ho has passed before, Leaving his deadly poisoned draught At every unbarred door? What ai'e we going to do, good friends. Still wait for crime and pain. Then bind the bruises, and heal the wounds. And sooth the free aKam? Let the flend still torture the weary wife. Still poison theconiing child. Still break the suffering mother's heart. Still drive the sister wild? Still bring to the grave the gray-haired sire, Still miirtvr the brave youn^^ soul. Till the vyaters of death, like a burning stream, O'er the whole great nation roll; And poverty take the place of wealth. And sin and crime and shame Dnig d..wn to the very depths of hell The highest and proudest name? Is this our mission on earth, good friends. In the years that are to come? If not. let us rouse aud do the work Against the spirit of rum. There is not a soul so poor and weak. In all this goodly land. But against this evil a word may speak, And lift a warning hand. Then lift awaming hand, good friends. With a cry for home and hearth. Adding voice to voice, till the sound shall sweep, Like the rum's death-knell, o'er the earth. And the weak and wavering shaU hear. And the faint grow brave and strong. And the true and good and great and wise Join himds to right this wrong. Don't Run in Debt« Don't run in debt— never mind, never mind If your clothes are all faded and torn; Fix "em up, make them do; it is better by far Than to have the heart weary and worn. Who will love you the more for the set of your hat, Or your rufif, or the tie of your shoe; The style of your boots or shade of cravat, If they know you're in debt for the new? Good friends, let me beg of yon, don't mnJn dcT)t, It the chairs and the enfa ai-e old; They'll fit your backs better than any new set Unices they are paid for— witli gold. If the bouse is too small draw the closer together, Keep it warm with a hearty good will; A big one, unpaid for. in all kinds of weather. Will send to the warm heart a chill. Don't nin in debt— dear girls, take a hint, If the fashions have changed since laft season. Old Nature is out in the very same tint— And old Nature, methinks, has some reason; But just say to your friends, I cannot afford To spend time to keep up with fashion, My purse is too light and honor too bright To be tarnished with such silly passions. Gents, don't run in debt— let your friends, if the want. Have fine houses and clothing and flowers; But, unless they are paid for, be more of a man Than to envy their sunshiny hours, If you've money to spare, I've nothing to say. Spend your dollars and dimes as you please; But, mind you, the man who bis note has to pay Is the man who is never at ease. Kind husbands, don't run in debt any more, 'Twill fill your wife's cup full of sorrow, To know that a neighlmr may call at \oxir door With a bill you must settle to-morrow. O. take my advice— it is good— it is truel But, lest you may, some of you, doubt it, I'll whisper a secret, bow, seeing 'tis you— I've tried it, and kJiow all about it. The chain of a debtor is heavy and cold. Its links all corrosion and rust; Gild it o'er as you will, if is never of gold; Then spurn it aside with disgust — "I've tried it, and know all about it,'* rAccomplished. Softly fell the twilight shay B;iahaw "11192, — (.Columbine by Helmsmiin "2109, — Columbia by Columella *904, — Cbarl»)ttina by Kegent "544, — Charlotte l*;i!atiiie by I'abitine *478, — Charlotte by r;ilmtlo\ver "480, — Crimson by TalrioC ''4sri, — Young Milbank by Drillield "223, _ by Mr. C. Holmes' Bull '314, S. B. Emekson. AiUDRiK DtiKE 3d, red; calved "tli .Inly, 18? 1; bred by <•. Ij-Vaiinietrr, Clark county, Kentucky; got by Airdrie Duke, .WUb, Dam (icm'.5lb l>y I)i(d< Taylor "S.'iOH, — ({rni 2(1 by Foiilham Duke of Oxford — (iem (imported) bv Broker "9993, — (iulnare by Norfulk "2377, — Mcdora by Ambo "tiI36, — Blossom by .Mcuninn "2295, — Sister to Isabella tiy Pilot "496, — by Agamcuinon *9, _ by Burrell's Bull of Burden TA'a. 2803, Airdrie Duke, 5306, by Airdrie, 2478; dam Until 2d bv 2d Duke of Airdrie *19C0O; g. d., Ruth by Challenger (imported) 324, &.c. Dick Taylor, 5508, by Airdrie, 2178; dam, Ruth by Challenger (iniporl wORE Ihftn buildinp yhowy iDRUSions, Muru thau dress anil fine array. More than domes and lofty steeples. More than stttion, power, and sway: M:ikc your home both neat and taeteful, • BrJRht and pleatsant, always fair. Where each heart shall rest contented, Oroteful for each bounty there. Seek to make your home most loving; Let it bo a smiling spot. Where in sweet coutentnient renting. Care and sorrow are forj^ot; Where the flowers and trees are waving. Birds will sing their sweet-efit song; Where the purest thoughts will linger, Ooulidence and love belong. There each heart will rest contented. Seldom wishing far to roam; Or, if roaming, still will ever Cherish happy thoughts of homo, SueU a home makes man the better, Sure and lasting the control; Home with pure and bright surroundings Leaves its impress on the soul. Chats With Farmers' Wives and Daughters — No. 2. BY "JEWELL." The question often arises in my womtiu's mind: Wliich is actually most necessary for the welfare of our children — their present and future — that our entire time be spent in the daily round of duties which " home life" brings to every mother, or that a few moments or hours, daily, be taken to cultivate her mind and fiiU her soul with inspiration to fresh ex- ertions? I believe that the busy farmer's wife even should take this time, which is right- fully hers, and that she shoiild be provided with books and papers that she may catch glimpses of the outside world, which often seems to have forsaken her in her isolation and heavy burdens. While I do not wish to be harsh, still I feel that a farm life is gener- ally more burdensome upon women thau men, and few farmers fully understand and appre- ciate this fact. To stay indoors and cook, wash, iron, sew, sweep, etc., every day, mouth and year, bo- sides the di'aiu upon life and soul of child- bearing, nursing the sick, and the resiJousi- bility of bringing up the little ones, is actually more than most women are able to do — unless strong in body, which few of our women of to-day are. I feel hopeful that the future benefit of the Grange movement is to come through its women. Their attendance weekly at the Grange meetings is not only a relief to them, but widens their circle of acquasntauces and sphere of social life; and is at once npUftiug to both brothers and sisters. The mingling of the feminine element in the busi- ness as well as pleasure of the meetings will tend to purify the one and cul- tivate the other, which must give health and joy to many a home. ■ »■ '^ . Eably llisiNG. — Early rising, in civilized society, always tends to shorten life. Early rising of itself never did any good. Many a farmer's boy has been made an invalid for life by being made to get up at daylight, be- fore his sleep was out. Many a young girl has been stunted in body and mind and con- stitution by being made to get up before the system has had its fuU rest. All who are growing, all who work hard, and aU weakly persons, should not get up until they feel as if they would be more comfortable to get up than to remain in bed; that is the only true measure of sufficiency of rest and sleep. Any one who gets up in the morning feeling as if he "would give auytliing in ihe world" to re- main in bed a while longer does violence to his own nature, and will always suffer from it — not immediately, it maybe, but certainly in later years, by the cumulative ill-eS'ects of the most unwise practice. In any given case, the person who gets up in the morning before he is fuUy rested will lack just that much of the energy requisite for the day's pursuit. As a people, we do not get enough sleep, we do not get enough rest, we will not take time for these things; hence our neruousness, our instability, our hasty temper, and the prema- ture gi\'ing out of the stamina of life. Half of us are old at three score, the very time a man out to be in his mental, moral and physi- aal prime. Half of our wives, especially in the farming districts, die long before their time, because they do not get rest and sleep proportioned to their labor. Nino times out of ten, it would be better for all parties if the farmer should get up and light the fires and prepare breakfast for his wife, she coming di- rectly from her toilet to the breakfast table, because it almost always happens that she has to remain up to sit things right long after the husband has gone to bed, when he really has nothing to do after supper but to go to bed. This is a monstrously cruel imposition on wives and mothers. — Hall's Journal of Health. FoK Self on for Others? — The secret of dullness and discontent with many a life is, that it has no other life to bless. It is shut up in itself. It never breaks bounds and gets abroad. Get out of self, begin to think of another, to care for another, and all the tides of the soul are in motion. The dull self- brooding is at an end. When self is forgotten, its weariness and fretfulness are forgotten. It is delivered from its own burdened consciousness, by eutei-iug with hearty good will into the e:^«ience of the friendless and helpless. This is the cure which is needed for jaded spirits. It is sovereign and infallible. Find somebody to help, and you help yourself; some heart to cheer, and you cheer your own ; some burden of another to bear, and yours becomes light; enter into the straitened lot of one in need, and you get enlargement from y oivr own bondage ; learn to weep with those that weep, and your tears are a balsam to your O'rni heart; rejoice with those that do re- joice, and your own gi-iefs are assuaged, and your joys are doubled. It may be but little that you can do; do that little, and the world is so much happier and better, and a brighter sky shines upon your face. You ha^e but an ounce or two of strength to si^are; share that with one who is spent, and the perfume of this small benefaction wiU be to you as reviv- ing incense. The remedy is safe and sure. ♦«« GiBLS, let us tell you a stubborn truth. No young woman ever looked so well to a sensi- ble man, as when dressed in neat, plaiu, mod- est attire, without a single ornament about her person. She looks then as though she possessed worth in herself, and needed no artificial rigging to enchance her value. If a young woman would spend as much time in cultivating her temper, and cherishing kind- ness, meekness, gentleness, merey, and other quiilities, as most of them do in extra dress and ornaments to increase their personal charms, she would, at a glance, be known among a thousand. Her character would be read in her countenance. "Dew Drop Billiards" is the sign over a Cincinnati billiaixl saloon. The advice is good. We second it, and say to aU young men, "Do drop billiards." Ants vs. Caterpillars. The Belgian Official Journal, referring to the ignorant conduct of those who destroy all kinds of birds and insects indiscriminately, insists on the necessity of children in jirimary schools being taught to distinguish between useful and noxious insects, and thus to exer- cise their destructive faculties against the latter only. The writer praeeeds to say that the ant, which is very disagreeable and incon- venient in many respects, does excellent ser- vice in chasing and destroying caterpillars with relentless energy. A farmer who had noticed the fact, and had had his cabbages literally devoured by caterpillars, at last hit upon the expedient of having an ant hill, or rather nest, such as abound in pine forests, brought to his cabbage plot. A sackful of the pine points abounding in ants, was ob- tained and its contents strewn around the infested cabbage plants. The ants lost no time, but immediately set to work; they seized the caterpillars by their heads. The next day heaps of dead caterpillars were found, but not one alive, nor did they return to the cab- bages. The value of ants is well luiown in Germany, and although their eggs are in great request as food for young partridges, pheasants and nightingales, there is a fine against taking them from the forests. The ant is indefatigable iu hunting its prey; it climbs to the very tops of trees, and destroys an immense quantity of noxious insects. « ■ » At the late election iu Michigan, the ques- tion of woman's sufl'rage was voted on, and 3'J,000 votes were cast in favor, which would seem to indicate the number of advanced men in the State. We all know that no State is much ahead of Michigan for schools, farm- ing and fruit-growing. The Grand Kapida I'osl relates the following: A dirty, debased, and ignorant-looking man came in to vote. Said one of the ladies, of- fering him a ballot, ' ' I wish you would oblige ns by voting this ticket." " What kind of a ticket is that?" said he. "Why," said the lady, "you can see your- self." " But I can't read," he answered. " Why, can't you read the ballot you have there iu j'our hand, which you are about to vote?" the lady asked. " No," said he; "I can't read at all." " Well," said the lady, " this ballot means that you are willing to let the women as well as the men vote." "Is that it?" he replied. " Then I don't want it; the women don't know enough to vote. ' ' Short-Horn Statistics. The National Association of Short^hom Breeders, which recently met at Springfield, Illinois, having entnisted Aleck Charles, Ce- dar Bapids, Iowa, with the work of procuring complete statistics of all Short-horns now living in the United States and Canada, for publication iu the report of their proceedings, we would urge upon every one of our readers who are breeding Short-horns, either upon a large or small scale, to send in prompt and careful returns; and those who have not re- ceived blanks for that purpose -n-ill be fur- nished them free of charge promptly, on ap- plication to Mr. Charles. Short-horn men will please give this their very earliest atten- tion, for by so doing the forthcoming rei)ort of the American Association of Breeders will be made the most valuable and interesting publication ever issued in this country. — Na- limial Live Stock Joarn/il. A Cow With a Wooden Leg. — An English country paper records the following f:icts: A young cow on the farm of Mr. Wilson, in Borrowdale, Cumberland, recently broke her leg. It was amputated, and a wooden leg suppUed, and she is now walking about and doing weU. California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal, Mt §M\h Something About Milk. ?("-?) nf ijJHE Massachusetts Flcnighman has been a||;L giving a series of articles on milk, from Ji//v which we extract some curious items of %KJ information: Milk is produced by the females of all that class of animals known to naturalists as the mainmalia, and was evidently designed by Nature as the uoiirishment of the young of those animals. As such it has been used by man from the earliest periods of the human race. The milk of the camel is still used in Africa and in some parts of Asia; that of mares in Tartary and Siberia, and that of goats in Italy and Spain, while that of the cow is most universally used and most widely esteemed. Milk is a compound, an opaque fluid, gen- erally white, of a sweet and agreeable taste, and made up of an oily or fatty sulistance known as butter which gives it its richness, of a caseous or mucilaginous substance which gives it its strength and from which cheese is obtained, and of a serous or watery substance which makes it refreshing as a beverage, with a small per cent, of sugar of milk to which it owes its sweetness. In the milk of the cow, which we are now to consider, the fatty substance ranges from two and a half to seven per cent. th« cheesy matter from three to ten per cent, and the watery parts from eighty to nineiy 'ler cent. Although to the naked eye milk appears to be one homogeneous mass, yet, when viewed under the microscope, myriads of little glob- ules of various sizes and forms, but mostly round or ovoid, seem to swim suspended in the watery substance, and on a more minute examinatfon it will be found that these are the oily particles encased or surrouned by a cheesy film, and which by their comparative lightness are soon to rise to the surface and form theyeUowish, semi-liquid coating known as cream. These particles are so minute that they filter throTigh the finest paper, and they are so generally ditt'nsed through the mass of milk as it is drawn from the cow, that they do not interfere with its ready assimilation with water or other unfermeuted liquids, .although its weight is four per cent, more than that of water, and notwithstanding the diJi'ereuce in sijeeific gravity. Cold condenses milk, while heat liquefies it. The elements of which it is composed, varying as they do in character and specific gravity, rapidly change their relative positions when the milk is at rest. The oily or but- tery i)articles rise to the surface, while the serous or watery matter, on account of its greater weight soon falls to the bottom. The oily particles of milk in rising bring up along with them a large proportion of the cheesy matter adhering to them mechanically, and some of the watery partieh^s by which they are surrounded. If these particles rose up jiure and free from the admixture of the other substances they would appear in the form of pure biAter, and one of the priuci])al objects of churning is to free or disengage the oily substance from the other elements, which in rising it has brought up with it. The caseous matter, under the influence of liigh temperature, has a tendency to collect and form a body l)y itself, known as curd, and in forming this partial solidification it be- couics separated from the whey, or serous matter, so that after a lapse of time, the tliree principal constituents of milk will ap- pear in forms distinct and peculiar to them- BiUvos, and we then have the cream or butter, the curd or cheese, and the liquid whey as separate elements. This separation some- times takes place with gi'eat rapidity, especi- ally under the influence of great heat or sud- den changes of the atmosphere, and not unfrequently before the butter particles have had time to rise to the surface. The cheesy matter previous to coagulation is easily soluble in water, but after a com- plete coagulation has taken place it becomes insoluble. The serum or whey is not left perfectly pixre and free from mixture, but still holds in sus- pe)ision some cheesy and butter particles which can be separated by ebullition. It also holds in suspension some alkaline elements, in a basis of potassa, and some sugar of milk amounting usuallj' to about three and a half per cent of its weight. The separation of the three chief elements of milk is much more readily effected in that of the cow than in that of other animals, and the apjiarent affinity which they have when first drawn from the udder is only instantane- ous, since the separation commences even be- fore milk has left the udder, and is continued with considerable rapidity as soon as it comes to rest in a favorable position. When subjected to great heat, or when brought to a boiling point, milk loses its finest and most delicate properties and its flavor or fragrance. The number of stomachs or powerful di- gestive organs of the cow, and of the rumin- ating animals generally, is wonderfully ad- apted to promote the largest secretions of every kind. The specific gi-avity of milk is greater than that of water, that of the latter being one thousand, and that of the former one thous- and and thirty-one on an average, though it varies greatly as it comes from different cows, .and even at different times from the same cow. A feeding of salt given to the cow will, in a few hoi./s, cause the specific gravity of her milk to vary from one to three per cent. Milk will ordinarily produce from two to fif- teen per cent, of its own volume in cream, or, on an average, not far from twelve and a half per cent. Eight quarts of milk will, there- fore make about one quart of cream. But the milk of cows that are fed so as to produce the richest milk and butter will often far exceed this, sometimes giving oner twenty per cent, of cream,^Bid in rare instances twenty-five or twenty-six per cent. The product of milk in cream is more regular than the product of cream in butter. A veiy rich milk is lighter than milk of a poorer quality, for the reason that cream is lighter than skim-milk. Of the different constituents of milk, case- ine is that which in its composition most re- sembles animal matter, and hence the intrinsic value of cheese as a nutritive article of food. Hence, also, the nutritive qualities of skim- med milk, or milk from which the cream only has been removed, while the milk is still sweet. The oily or fatty parts of milk furnish heat to the animal system ; but this is easily supplied by other substances. Managing Cows in Hoi,i.and. — From a con- densed report of Dr. Staring, in the London Field, on the Dairy Husbandry in HoUaud.we make the following extract: In the dairying districts — mostly exposed tracts of land without a tree — the usual plan of protecting cows against the cold and wet is to fasten round their bodies a thick tow cloth, and occasionally a rough shedding is erected to serve them as shelter. On their return to the stables they arc attached by the neck to two stout posts, having movable rings which slide up and down as the animal changes its position. The usual arrangement is for the cows to stand fa(!C to face in two rows. Be- tween the latter runs a feeihug passage, and liehind the cattle there is a channel and plenty of room to remove the droppings. Frnm time to time pea, rye, barley anil oat straw are substituti>d for a change, and either rape or linseed cake — about a cake a head — is ilissolved in the water thoy drink. Some farmers, however, prefer to give the cake in its dry stale, thinking it goes f\uthstitution of the yellow Italian for the black German bee, and barely paying their expenses from the pro- ducts of their apiaries, and looking to outside operations for the maintenance of their fami- bes. To add to the discouragements and dif- ficulties of these few men who had once been cheated out of the fmr and natural reward for their enterprise and labor by the over- speculation and then the following depression, just as they began again to see a better time coming, when they should have a clear field in ■which their bees could gather honey, and a growing market for the products of those bees, another difficulty, more serious because more permanent than the f ormi r stared them in the face. The open country that had formerly been covered with wild flowers upon which the bees had fed, and from which they had gathered the only good honey, was now being appro- priated for stock or for wheat, and for other agrieirltural purposes. The whole natural bee food was being rapidly destroyed, and none of the crops cultivated stijiplied the place of it. The peculiarity of the California climate precluded the successful cultivation of the white clover so universal in the eastern coun- try, and which there more than comjjensated for the wild flowers supplanted by it. With a large stock of bees on hand these few legiti- mate apiarist found themselves thus deprived of all feed for them, from which any paying amount of honey of good mcrehantablo quality could bo made. Tlien came the divid- ing up of the apiaries, and an attempt to adopt the nomadic i)lan of beo-kceping. Some were sent to the raoitntains and some towards the sea, among the tule islands. This plan gave hopes and some promise of sueces.s. A fair amount of pretty good honey was gath- ered some seasons in the mountains, but the prevalence of the buckeye in these districts, a '*«leadly poison to the bee, was found a great drawback, and finally compelled the abandon- ment of these fields. A fair amount of honey wa.s gathered from the low tule lands, but of poor quality. As a consequence of these dis- couragements, the number of those who per- severed in the business was continually grow- ing less. About five years since, however, J. S. Har- bison, the leading apiarist of the State, made a trip through the southern counties in search of bee pasture. He found such good promise that soon after his return he removed a small apiary, in the ownership of which he had as- sociated a Mr. Clark with himself, to San Diego. These were the first bees in that county. The success with which this small venture was attended has induced Mr. Harbi- son to gather tip all his bees from all other localities and transfer them to the same county. Mr. Harbison has now in that coun- ty two thousand hives of bees, which last year produced 150,000 pounds, or 75 tons of surplus hauey of a very excellent quality. Of this he has shipped per railroad over CO tons to the Eastern States, mostly to Chicago and New York. His sales of honey for the year will equal the nice little sum of $30,000. This places Mr. Harbison the foremost bee man in the world. So far as money making from the business is concerned, and he un- doubtedly occupies the same position as to the knowledge of the business, there not be- ing in the world his eqiial in this respect. The labor in and about all his apiui'ies is now done by apprentices, who are availing them- selves of the opportunity to learn the business while their labor pays their personal expenses. Eight young men are thus engaged, and some of them have become so expert as to be in- trusted with the entire management of some of his apiaries. Other parties, since they have learned the success attending the bee business in San Diego county, have also re- moved a large number there, and good jiidges estimate the product of the apiaries of the country last year at $100,000. EXTENT AND NATURE OF BEE PASTtlKES. The bee pastures of the southern counties extend from Santa Barbara to Lower Califor- nia, occupying a belt of counti-y about eight miles wide — commencing about on an aver- age of ten miles from the coast — approaching nearer or receding further back, according to the topography of the country. This belt is a very irregular, broken mountainous country, mostly unfit for general agricultural purposes, and on this the bee-keepers place their hopes of immunity from the encroaches which have proved their discomfiture in other portions of the State. Experience has shown that the best localities for the apiai-y is neither at the highest elevation or deepest depression, neither on the mountain nor in the valley be- low, but at a ijoiut half way between the two. At this point a medium temperature is secured, and the bees are thus placed where they have access to the earliest food in the valleys be- low and the latest on the mountain above. The distance the bees have to fly to obtain their food is thus divided, which is -no small consideration. One can ap])reciate this last proposition when he reflects that the bees of Mr. Harbison last year gathered up and car- ried to his several apiaries 150,000 pounds of honey. The honey is gathered from a great variety of flowers, but the chief dependence is on a .species of white sage which is found in great abundance on the entire range of coun- ti-y, from Sautji Barbara to Lower California, averaging about eight miles wide. The bee men are rapidly taking up and oc- cu]iying the best locations in all this ri'gion. They are laying out the proceeds of their en- terprise ami labor in permanent improvements and arc preparing to make permiment homes. Though the principal business and depend- ence is the apiary, they all cultivate some land and keep some cows, Bome horses and hogs, and some of them some sheep. We are informed that the bee men alone have done more in the settlement of the county of Han Diego than all other classes, in the past five years. The land being occupied by the bee- keepers has not yet been surveyed and pnt into the market by' the General Government, but they are taking it up with a view to pre- empting it as soon as they can do so, and ■we understand they propose asking Congress for special legislation to enable them to obtain title to large tracts each. Natorb op Bees. — Mr. S. 8. Lauderff'com- muni<;ates to the CfrrisiiuH Leader a long arti- cle on bees, from which we make the follow- ing extracts : The bee has never failed to attract the at- tention and study of all naturalists, and of all who feel an .interest in the works of nature. Their skillful work seems to manifest the in- telligence belonging to the higher orders of animals, and even to surpass, is some respects the intellectual faculties of man. In a perfect hive of bees, there are three kinds. The "queen," the mother of the whole colony, the " workers, ' ' of the neuter gender, those that do all the work, and the "drones," the male bees, inho take up room in the hive, live on the products of the work- er, but bring in no honey. These three kinds of bees have very difl'erent organizations and instincts, and their offices in the hive are en- tirely difl'erent, and yet each is necessary to the others, and all are indispensable to the existence and continuation of the colony. The queen is a fully developed female. In all animated nature, we usually find the male and female of about the same number, but bees are an exception to this law. Here there is b nt one female to many hundreds of males, and many thousands of workers which are of neither gender. The queen is impregnated by copulating but once in her lifetime with the drone while on the wing, high up in the air, and in forty- six hours after her fecundations, all things being right, she begins to lay eggs, and it is stated by those who profess to know, that she is capable of laying 2,000 eggs in twenty -four hours. Huber, a bhnd Swiss natiualist of great celebrity, advocated the idea that the ovaries of the queen contain a regular succes- sion of the difl'erent kinds of eggs necessary to produce the three kinds of bees we find in a hive. He made an experiment which proved to him that if the hive contained no drone comb, she dropped her male eggs at random, and no males were produced, and so if there was no worker comb, she dropped her worker eggs anywhere, and no workers were reared. This, in substance, if the theory of Professor Agassiz, as advanced in his lecture, " Life in the Bee Hive." But the most generally recognized opinion on this subject now is, that the eggs of the queen are all alike, and that it is only the difl'erent kind of cells in which they are laid whether drone or worker, and the different kinds of food and treatment they receive from the workers in their embryo state, that make the three kinds of bees. If this theory be true, and it has many facts in its stipport, the queen has no knowledge of the kind of eggs she is depo-siting in the difl'erent cells, nor does she know what kind of bees they will produce. And yet there are facts which favor the other sidc^ of the question. The fact that all eggs laid before fecunda- tion produce drones only, seems to favor the Huber theory. The queen has a sting which she only uses to sting another queen. She can bo handled without any more fear of be- ing stung by her than by a drone, which has no sting. She lives four or five years, if no accident happens to hor; but in the latter [lart of her life she ceases to be prolific, and the colony ]irocced at once to raise another rs at any time except meal hours. They sleep right on, and it sometimes re- quires some hard pokes to arouse them, and when aroused they ar<' as apt to make for the door as the trough. On the other hand, hogs fed irregularly are on the (/ui vivc to see if somebody has not brought them something good to eat. Hogs are creatures of habit.and they may be accustomed to t^vo or three, or half a dozen meals a day. We should cer- tainly prefer three to half a dozen. Feeding them every time we pass the hog pen, as is the custom of some, is a weariness to the Uesh of both man and beast. Quality in Pork. — We all know what a ditl'erence there is in pork. Breed has some- thing to do in this matter, but not so much as many suppose. It is the kind of feed that makes the quality in pork. Use milk or whey largel}' and your pork is sure to be soft, flab- by, and will fry away at least half. What is left is not relishable. Hence our dairy pork is our poorest pork, varying according to the amount of grain that is fed. So still-fed pork is in bad repute. Miscellaneous feed makes ordinary pork, often quite ordinary. Slop will not do, there seems to be too much water. The grains are what is wanted to make good, sweet pork — pork that is solid and will fry well. Hank pork is unendurable, and yet there is much of it, and some people like it, like the pork from large, strong hogs. A dirty, offensive sty is an element, no doubt, of producing strong and even ftetid pork. Have clean quarters, a clean animal, good ventilation and feed grain. For drink, give cold, not in any way foul, water. Do not house too closely, nor feed too sharply ; look to the couveuience of the hog, and fat him so that he is in good condition. A noG in Dubuque slipped up stairs into a house where a party was being held, and got into the room where the eatables were stored, which he proceeded to devour. The Telegraph says the hog was chased until he was caught, but the delicacies he had eaten could not be recovered. This is the strange part of the affair. fij^cicultuviJ* Care of Cold Fish. 'ILL some of your readers answer the following questions: What is the aver- J/ age life of gold fish'/ Should the '^ aquarium be set in the sun or in the shade? Do they need hard or soft water? Do they need to be fed daily? If so, what is the best food? M. B. Seth Green is reported to have given the following directions for the management of gold fish : Use any well, creek or river water that is not impregnated with mineral. Change the water when the fish c(mie to the top and stay there, and breathe jiart water and part air. Take out nearly all the water, leaving enough for the fish to swim in, and fill the vessel with fresh water. Never take the fish in j'our hand. If the aquarium needs clean- ing, make a not of mosquito netting, and take the fish out in it. There are many gold fish killed by handling. Keep your aquarium clean, so that the water looks as clear as crys- tal. Watch the fish a little, and you will find out when they are aU right. Feed them all they will eat and anything they will eat, meat, worms, fish wafer, or fish spawn. Take great care that you take all that they do not eat out of the aquarium. Any decayed meat or veg- etable in the water has the same smell to fish that it has to you in the air. If your gold fish die, it is attributalile, as a rule, to one of three causes — handling, starvation, or bad water. — liural New Yorker. There is something very sensible iu the im- pronjptu rt'mark of a young lady: "If o;ir Maker thought it wrong for Adaui to remain single when there was no woman on earth, how criminally wrong arc the old bachelors, with the world full of pretty girls." The Createst Crop in the World. A question widely discussed involves the relative value of the wheat, cotton, tea and hay crops of the world. Which of these pro- duces employs the greatest amount of the world's capital? It is said that hay leads the rest, and the items that enter into the account as stated are somewhat startling, and will make a Granger's hair stand on end. Cotton and tea are local crops, while hay is produced everywhere the world over, and thus the hay crop greatly out-weiahs either of the other two. The aggregate reported value of all farm products in the United States, for 1870, was $2,447,538,0.58; but as this includes ad- ditions to stock, "betterments," etc., it is probably too high. Now, the hay crop for that year — that is, the grass dried and cured for use or sale — is reported at over 27,000,000 tons. This, at half the selling price in the large cities, would amount to $405,000,000, and is far greater th.an the aggregate home value of the cotton crop or any other crop. But the cured " hay" is but a portion of the grass crop. The other portion is used on the ground, and it requires considerable calcula- tion to get at thf value so used, even in the roughest way. In the first place, live stock, including horned cattle, horses, sheep, swine, etc,, tothevalue of $1,-525,000,000, were fed from it that year. Averaging the lives of these at five years, we have one-fifth of that sum as representing the grass fed to them iu 1870, viz: $305,000,000; next we find the value of the animals slaugtitered for food in that year to be $300,000,000, and as this is an an- nual product, the whole of it wdl, for the pre- sent, be credited to the grass crop; next we find that the butter crop of 1870 was 514,000,- 000 pounds, which, at the low average of 25 cents, amounts to $128,000,000, and this goes to the credit of grass; next we have 2:35,000,- 000 gallons of milk, which averaged at the low estimate of 10 cents per gallon, adds $25,- 000,000 more to the credit of tfie grass crop; then we have 100,000,000 pounds of wool at 25 cents per pound, adding $25,000,000 more; and, finally, 53,000,000 pounds of cheese, at 10 cents, adding over $5,000'000 to the total credits to the grass crop of 1870, which ag- gregates $887,000,000. Now, let us add the value of the " hay" crop as given above, viz. : $405,000,000, anil we have a grand total for "hay" and the products of grass consumed on the ground of $1,292,000,000! This is, of course, subject to deduction, as the meat, butter, milk, cheese, and wool-producing ani- mals consume other food besides grass and hay. To make ample allowance for this, we deduct the entii'e value of the corn and oat crops of 1870, estimated at $270,000,000, and this leaves a remainder of $1,082,000,000 to be ereditod to the haj' and grass crop of that year, when the reported aggregate of all farm products was $2,447,528,058. If our esti- mates make even the roughest approach to accuracy, the value of that crop was two- fifths of the aggregate value of all farm pro- ducts, and hence we may infer that two-fifths of the capital then invested in agiicultural pursuits was devoted to the grass crop, aiui this, in the United States, equals (iu round numbers) $4,575,0()O,O00r From these figures the deduction is jialpable that King t^otton is uncrowned and ilethroued, and we may bo forced to admit that all "flesh" and all else is hay, if not "grass." — Hay, Straw and Orain lieporter. Wasaino Windows. — In washing windows or otli<>r gfass, never use soap unless it can be thoroughly rinsed olV; wash ott the dirt in clean warm water; after the glass is dry, nd) with a little paste or whiting and water, in the center of each pane. With another cloth rinse over the glass, then rub with a dry cloth till it shines like crystal. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. tHE following, by a coiTespondciit of tbe Rural Xew Yorker, contains some practi- cal suggestions that are worthy the con- sideration of Calif ornia wool-growers : Occasionally there comes into the Custom House Appraiser's office, from Australia, some combing wool of a much finer grade than the ordinary combing wool from the English blood sheep. I judge that it must be froui a cross between the English long wool breeds, either Cotswold or Leicester, and the Mermo of that section. The wool is very much sought after by those engaged in the worsted branches of manufacture, like delaines, shawls and various stuff goods; and as that branch is constantly extending there is not likely to be diininution of the demand for wools suited to that industry. Would it not gieatly aid the sheep husbandry of the country if we were to diversify our breeds of sheep, and adapt them more to' the demands of a rapid change in manufacturing industries. The improvements in machinery, and in taste and fashion, have ■wrought a wonderful change in the public mind relative to worsted goods. A careful examination of people's clothing satisfies me that at least nim-tenths of the textile fabrics worn by either sex are the product of the worsted manufacturers. When we know how wpt. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Shall We Encourage Walking Horses? fs}, ;T is hardly possible to take Tip a journal during tlie Summer and Autumn, without seeing either items or extended accounts . of what horses have accomplished in Kg trotting or niuning. We scarcely ever see accounts of their endurance in hauling loads at a given pace, or the number of miles they have accomplished in a given number of hours at a walking gait; and yet this practic- ice is of far more importance than their endur- ance at sjieed. Agricultural fair managers, who might not inaptly be called "Agricultural horse-trot managers," advertise widely the large amount devoted as premiums for trotting and running, but not a word as to horses exhibiting the greatest endurance and speed at a walking gait. Why not? " Oh, it will not draw the crowd." Vei-y well; if agricultural fairs are simply intended to draw that class of human- ity whose end and aim in life is trotting and running horses, and betting thereon, well and good. These is, however, now and then an indi- vidual who, while he admires the noble ani- mal at speed, very well knows that this eternal pandering to mere speed is not only vitiating the taste of the public, but is also tending to breed out other valuable traits that can ill be spared. A good walkiug horse should make, at that gait, an average of four miles an hour. How many can do it? Very few. Why so? The walking gait has ceased to be cultivated. By the careful training of ambitious and active horses, they may be made to walk five miles an hour as easily as the ordinary horse now walks three. There is no reason why an average pace of four miles an hour should not be kept up with ordinary loads through- out the daj'. In the day's travel, this would make a gain of ten miles, and the trained would have accomplished forty miles against the thirty for the untrained one, and this just as easUy to the horse of spirit as to the one with the slower gait. If the horse has not mechanical structure for this gait, of course he cannot do it. Having it, it may be brought out just as easily as a trotting or running gait; and if premiums were given for this purpose at our agricultural fairs, it would be found that individual horses would be able to make, not only five miles an hour, but some of them six. The naturally fast walker, when trained, will even do a given amount of work at the increased pace eiasier than at the slow pace. This we know from experience. The energy displayed among all classes of breeders has been directed constantly to re- duce and degrade the walking gait, and as a consequence, we find, each year, fewer and fewer fast walking horses. This spirit has pervaded our fair rings until now it is difficult to find a premium oli'ered fur the fastest walk- ing horse. In looking over the premium Usts received by us for 1871, embracing nearly all the Western States, we find only two premi- ums offered for Walking horses, one by the Kansas City, Missouri, Industrial Exposition, and the other by Northeastern Iowa Agricul- tural Society. We are glad to be able to chronicle these two, and hope that the num- bi-r may be yearly increased until the fast walking horse shall at least be regarded on u pur with other road and working horses. A gri-at error has been made in ignoring this most valn.ible of all the gaits of the horse. Certainly, reform is needed in this direction. — Wesleni, Mural. How TO Purchase a Hobse. — First. Exam- ine the eyes in the stable, then in the light; if they are in any degree defective, reject. 2. Examine the teeth to determine the age. 3. Examine the poll, or crowu of the head, and the withers, or top of the shoulders, as the former is the seat of poll evil, and the latter that of fistxila. 4. Examine the front feet, and if the frog has fallen, or settled down between the heels of the shoe and the heels are contracted, reject him ; as he, if not already lame, is liable to become so at any moment. Next observe the knees and ankles of the horse you desire to purchase, and if cooked, yon may be sure that it is the result of the displacement of the internal organs of the foot, a consequence of neglect of the form of the foot and injudicious shoeing. 5. Examine for interfering, from the ankle to the knees, and if it proves that he cuts the knee, or the leg between the knee and the ankle, or the latter badly, reject. "Speedy cut" of the knee and leg are most serious in their effects. Many trotting horses, which would be of great value were it not for this single defect, are by it rendered valueless. 6. Cai'efully examine the hoofs for cracks, as jockeys have acquired great skill in con- cealing cracks in the hoofs. If cracks are observable im any degree, re- ject. Also, both look and feel for ringbones, which are callouses on the bones of the pas- tern near the foot; if apparent, reject. 7. Examine the hind feet for the same de- fects of the foot and ankle that we have named in connection with the front feet. Then proceed to the hock, which is the seat of curb and both bone and blood spavins. The former is a bony enlargement of the posterior and lower portion of the hock-joint; the second a bony excrescence on the lower, inner, and rather anterior portion of the hock, and the latter is a soft enlargement of the synovial membrane on the inner and upper portion of the hock. They are either of them sufficient reason for rejecting. 8. See that the horse stands with the frent feet well under him, and observe both the heels of the feet and shoes, to see if he "for- ges" or over-reaches, and it case he does, and the toes of the front feet are low, the heels high, and the heels of the front shoes a good thickness, and the toes of the hind feet are of no proper length, reject him; for if he still over-reaches with his feet in the couilition described, he is ineui-able. If he props out both front feet, or points them alternately, reject. 0. In testing the driving qualities, take the reins while on the ground, invite the owner to get into the vehicle first, then drive your- self. Avoid the display or the use of the whip, and if he has not sufficient spirit to ex- hibit his best speed without it, reject. Should he drive satisfactorily withoiit, it will then be proper to test his amiability and the extent of his training in the use of the whip. Thiiroughly text his loalking qualilivs first, as ihdt gait is more hnportanl in the liorse of all work than great trolling speed. The value of a horse, safe for all purposes without blinds, is gi-eatly enhanced thereby. 10. Always purchase of the breeder of the horse, if practicable; the reasons are obvious. — Maryland Farmer. Mules and Houses at the South. — What- ever may be said in favor of the horse as an agriciiltural laborer above the mule at the North, certain it is that the position of the Arkansas correspondent of the Ammcan Farm Journal is well taken, favoring the mule in Southern agi-iculture : Mules, on an average, are more valuable than horses, are easier raised, are not as sub- ject to disease, are not likely to run away in wagoning and plowing, are longer lived, will do more work, and re(iuiro less feed and at- tention; they are strongi'r, will draw heavier loads and stanUKli we're not bo bold nnd stout, lu ttie wcrld we make a noiso. You're a year or two ahead, Hut we. step by btep, advance; All the world's before you spread- Give tlie littlu boys achaucel Never slight us in your play, Yuu were once as small as we: ■We'll be big. like yon, some day, Then perhaps our power you'll see. ■\Ve will meet you. when we've ijriiwn, With a brave and fearless (glance; Don't think all this world's your own- Give iho little boys a chaueol Little hands will soon be strong For the work that tliey must do; Little lips will sing their song When these early days are through. So, you big boys, if we're small. On our toes you needn't dance; There is room enough for all- Give the little boys a chance. Time Waits for No Boy. Jack and Harry had to recite their lessons to their fiilher every d.ay at two o'clock, but they were thoughtless hoys who liked to play and idle away the time, so very often the les- sons were not ready, because they had put oif studying too long. Over and over again had they been reproved, until at last they thought they would really try to be dilUgent and punc- tual. For almost a week they did pretty well, but then there came a day when the sun was so bright and warm and the air so soft that it seemed as if nothing in the world could draw them away from under the old apple tree, where they lay in the tall grass on their backs, looking up at the cool green leaves and the peeps of blue sky. There they lay and talked of all that they meant to do, and the things they wished they had, and the places they wanted to visit. " Uncle Heni7 is going to send for us some day very soon," said Harry, " to go with him out to Mr. Cheesebro's farm, to stay all night and the next day. Won't it be splendid? I shall carry luy fishing rod, for there are trout in the brook, and I may carry Ben's gun and hunt hares." " "i'es, and what good things we shall have to eat," said Jack. "There'll be mince pies and doughnuts, and roost goose and pickles, and plum pudding. Do you remember, the other time we went, how Mr. Cheesebro gave us great slices of cake between meals and filled our pockets with nuts?" " Guess I do!" answered Harry. " I have been wanting to go again ever since. Sammy Cheesebro said next time we came he'd have a party and play old-fashioned games. Won't it be fun? I wonder what day uncle Henry is going." ., T , t. " He said pretty soon, said Jack, hope- fully. " Say, Harry, you know that big swing they've got out in the baru, and the high hay mows ! Oh, what fun we shall have ! I wish we were there now, and then we shouldn't have that awful arithmetic lesson to learn." " That awful geography lesson, you'd better sa}'," replied Harry. "I took a look at it before I came out here, and it's dreadful. We have to bound every country in Asia. Can you do it?" "No, but it won't take long to learn. Say, Harry, see that fish hawk away up in the sky. wish I had a bow and aiTOW. . "Ho! I don't. I wish I had a rifle." said Harry, shaping his eyes to look up. And so they planned, and dreamed, and talked, lying luxuriously in the tall nodding grass, with birds to sing over them and flow- ers to sweeten the air. If they had only learned their lessons first! But time flew, the hours sped by, and when at last they reluct- antly arose and went into the house after their books, behold, it was one o'clock, and there was lunch waiting for them! They stared at each other in dismay, and then, being very hungry, they began to eat their sandwiches and gingerbread, aud talked over the situation between the mouthfuls. "We never can learn it all, never!" ex- claimed Harry. " There are two endless sums in practical payments to work out, and then all those countries! If we had two hours, even!" "Tell you what," said Jack, let's set the clock back an hour! He always looks at the clock before he calls us, and he won't think nor find out about it." Harry whistled, thought it over, aud made up his mind. " All right," ho said. "We'll do it. Your'e awfully sharp. Jack. Here, pull that big chair around, so I can stand in it and reach up to the hands." It took but an instant, the clock ticked on as tranquilly as before, but now the hands pointed to twelve instead of one, and the boys had the two hours they wanted for their studies. A» ay they hurried to their books, and while the quickest one worked out the long sums, the other delved at boundaries. It was hard work, but they kept at it as if the)' were run- ning a race. Half an hour after their father ctime up the avenue, walking very fast, and almost out of Ijreath. "Bless me!" he said, as he looked at the clock. I thought it was a great deal later than this! So much for getting one's lunch away from home. Brown must have his as early as eleven o'clock. Well, I'm glad it's no later. I shall have time to write two or three letters before I coll the boys." And he shut himself into his library among his papers. There was quiet in the house for an hour longer, during which time the boys applied themselves almost breathlessly to their tasks. The arithmetic exercise was ready.and the boundaries were almost learned, only it seemed as if Jack never could get Siam and Anam right. At half-past one by the clock their father come out of the library. "Come, boys," he called loudly. "No lessons to-day ! Hurry on your jjlckets and hats; uncle Henry wants you to go out to Mr. Cheesebro's -with him, and I'm going to drive you over to the train." How the boys sprang up and shouted, and dashed away their books. They were all ready by the time the horse was at the door. Harry had not forgotten his fishing rod, and Jack wore his trousers that had the deepest pockets. Their mother stood on the steps to see them off. "Hurry along!" called their father from the carriage. " We've none too much time. The train starts at ten minutes past two, pre- cisely!" "Oh! why!" faltered Jack, and Harry stopped short, looking dumbfounded. " What's the matter?" cried their father. " Hurry, I tell you! We've no time whatever to lose." " The clock is too slow!" said Harry, des- pairingly. "Slow! no, it isn't. I set it by railroad time myself this morning. What do you mean?" " We put it back a whole hour," the boys confessed, mournfully. " What on earth did you put it back for?" exclaimed their father. ' ' So we could have time to learn our les- sons." Their mother looked grave and pitying. Their father jumped out of the carriage, and called the hired man to tjike the horse back to the barn. " Well, my lads, " he s,iid, "come into the house, and I'll hear you recite your lessons. You've lost your chance of going out to Mr. Cheesebro's, aud I think you have pretty tho- roughly learned another lesson besides your geography aud arithmetic. Come in." Akt young miss would rather have her cor- sets tight than her "feller." HAT are you living for? What is your aim, and what do you intend to do in this world? Have you no object, no aim, no notions of your own? We are living in an age of progression, and each is expected to act his part. A part which will be of use to the world, an honor to them- selves, and a glory to our nation, Each is expected to make an effort, an effort for the good of all. Good aspirations lead on to ever increasing efforts, and indicate the grandeur of our destiny. We must have high aud noble aims, and then strive to reach them. Success is sure to follow earnest, unceasing toil. It may take long years of labor, but still press on. You will be all the better for your striv- tng. Life is a race, and many are on the course. Yon must either run or be trodden under foot. The multitude is moving on, you must not look behind, or defeat is certain. Young man, have an object in view, and then press on to gain the prize. " You can if you will." Will you? What if you should fail once or twice? Men are scarce that have never failed in their undertaking. You must not expect to succeed better than others. No- thing valuable is oVjtainable without labor. Your success will depend upon yorf strict ad- herence to your business. "As a first prin- ciple, let every transaction be of that pure and honest character that you would not be ashamed to have appear before the whole world as clearly as to yourself. It is of the highest consequence that you shotild not only cultivate correct principles, but that you should place your standard so high as to re- quire great vigilance in living up to it." The above is a quotation from Lawrence. Every young man should adopt it as a rule by which to govern his life. And to you that may read this, I would say, form a purpose of your ovm. Try to be something. There is a place for you, all you have to do is to find it. Aim high and you wiU hit something above your lev^. Reader, have a noble ob- ject in view, and then with all your might press forward untU you reach it, and it is yours. J. H. Funk. BanviUe, Iowa, Oct. 15, 1874. EnncATioN of Giels. — There are elements at work at both ends of the system of female education, that are destined to achieve great results for women. One is the school of Natural History at Pennikese Island, at which more than half the pupils are female teachers, and the other is the establishment and gradu- al spread of kindergarten schools for the nurse- lings. Undoubtedly the opening of colleges to women and the co-education of the sexes is another element not less potent in its ef- fects. The aptitude of women for patient in- vestigations, for mathematical calculations in which time and accuracy rather than boldness and originality enter, her delicate touch, her quick perception — all these eminently fit her for excellence in various departments of natu- ral and mathematical science. Education and training is all she needs to open w ide to her many fields of useful labor hitherto occupied almost entirely by men. So long as boys and girls, men and women live in the same family, we must believe in co-education within certain limits. The basis of friendship is sympathy, and the greater the sources whence that sympathy flows, the stronger and more enduring will be the friend- ship. Love is friendship sublimated — we do not refer to that passion of quick growth and decline which springs from physical contrasts of temperment, but that which has its seat in reason is judicious, and by consequence grows mightier and more absorbing as youth departs and autumnal ripeness clothes the intellect and the heart with those qualities that com- mand honor and veneration. So we would have the boys and girls study substantially ik California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. the same text books, varying them according to their natural aptitudes, both alike being held to a high standard of scholarship. Thus will girls be titted for marriage to intelligent men, with whom they may realize all those delights and advantages which spring from the purest friendship and the warmest love. Thus may they be qualified to be the mothers and teachers of a race of superior men and women. Thus may they enjoy, as they pass through life, the infinite provisions every- where around them for culture and for happi- ness. The lives of many women in so-called easy circumstances are perfectly pitiful. Lacking early and liberal culture, they are easily fet- tered by the dull routine of household and nursery duties, from which it is almost im- possible that they should lift themselves, or bo lifted by their husband or anybody else. Had they once swept on free and easy wing through the heaven of high literature of art or of science, a new book, fine picture, a fresh discovery, would be as an open door from their cage, through which for a brief space they could tly to the upper realms of thought and enjoyment, and leave dull care behind. With what freshness and spirit would they return to their duty again! It is true that certain plants flourish best in certain soils, but in compounding the soil of our flower beds, we take it for granted that though a dozen different varieties of seed are planted in the same bed, each will appropri- ate to itself only those elements suited to its growth. Our care is that what each needs shall not be wanting, and we trust to the in- stinct of the plant to reject that which is hurt- ful. In like manner we would have our daugh- ters possess every advantage for the most varied and liberal culture, trusting that health- ful and normal natures will appropriate those elements suited to their various idiosyucracies and reject everythind that ministers to irreg- ular and abnormal growth. — Tlie Hcience of JlecUlh. Faemeks cannot occupy a little spare time better, or more profitably, than in reviewing their operations during the last year. Every year has its lessons, and experience is the best of instructors for those who have ears to hear. It is true that the interferences of a Higher Power are more perceptibly felt and have more immediate effects in the profession of the farmer than in any other. Kain and drouth, cold and heat, insects and blight, storm and sunshine, bring with them their blessings and their calamities; and these come alike on all. The farmer cannot feel respon- sible for a "bad year." But he can look back and see where he has failed, either in the exorcise of his industry or his judgment, and lay a lessor for the year upon which he has just entered, and this retrospect with a view to correct errors in the future is a chai"- acteristic of all successful farmers. A KoYAX Marriage. — When two young peo- ple start out in life together with nothing but a determination to succeed, avoiding the in- vasion of each other's idiosyncrasies, not car- rying the candle near the gunpowder, but sympathetic wiih each other's employment, willing to live on small means till they get large facilities, paying as they go, taking life here as a discipline, with four eyes watching its pearls, and four hands fighting its battles — whatever others may say or do, that is a royal marriage. It is so set down in the heavenly archives, and the orange blossoms shall wither on neither side the grave. Parasites. — It is common to note that each species of animal has its own parasites, which can exist only ui)on creatures which have more or less kinship with their host. Thus the attcarix mynUv.r, which torments the domes- tic cat, is found iu all species of filis, while the fox, so closely resembling the worlf or the dog. is never troubled with the tiviiiu tiviuila, common in the last mentioned animal. NOTES OF TRAVEL. BY MBS. C. F. YOUNG, M. D. '^VV'HIS sixteenth day of November, in Con- tra Costa county, the hills are delicately % tinged with the green of Spring grasses. ' The summer-fallowed ground contrasts finely with tints of color that are at this hour reflected on the clouds — not in pink, or blue, or amber, but a combination of all, by degrees softly shading down to the sky line of a rosy sunset, and purple mists suggestive of trojiical lands not far away. Indeed, within ten miles, to-day, one can find the ORANGE, lemon AND BANANNA growing in the open air. A profusion of flowers that, east of the Eocky Mountains, would be found only iu the conservatories of the wealthy, or the hot-houses of professional gardeners, bud and bloom on the porches and by the garden walks of this workingman's home, receiving only the modicum of care given by children and a feeble woman. Mea- dow larks have filled the whole day, since earliest dawn, with music. A pair of them are now gathering supper under a rose tree within twenty feet of our open window. Yesterday we passed over thirty miles of country roads. We saw many fields of early sown summer-fallowed and volunteer wheat evenly seeded and growing finely. People were sowing grain, others looking after the squirrels, many others rushing ahead with the plowing — gang plows, two, four, and six- horse. Query : Why cannot women and girls manage ^ang plows, and put in grain, thus learning how to enter into the care and daily hopes of the farmer, as well as the profits of the crop? One of the prettiest fields of oats we have ever seen was put in by a fourteen- year-old girl —plowing, seeding, reaping, and taking care of the, team also. A sulky plow and improved machinery, and hearty encour- agement, were hers. She could make bread snd sew nicely; sing and play sacred music. Did it hurt her to know how to manage a crop or have an interest in the details of farm work'? the contrast. We have seen this week a father at work in the mines while one hundred and sixty acres of hill and interval lands and two acres of orchard were neglected. The daughter, in this case, is in the city seeking work; her hus- band, intemperate; her mother, pining over "the might have beens" and hoping the " Lord will next time give her daughter a good husband." Chickens were in the house; old rags about the door-step; the hay not stacked or sheltered. Depend upon it, the self-respecting, tired, ambitious women are best help-iueets and housekeepers. Walking through the garden wo asked, "Can you uot prune these young trees 'f " No," they scornfully replied; women's work is in the house, the strong-minded kind!" Verily not, and no prospect of any strength of character being imparted to the children born in the house. The cows were yet in the coral, hungry and thin. " We cmly strij) thciii a little tor the children. It's cheaper to buy than to make butter." ' we think We are not We thought we could see how milk and but- ter and fruit, with a wind-mill to lift water to irrigate one acre of garden, might be made to yield a good living, and how, little by little, acres of nut-bearing trees might grow to pro- ductiveness and beauty. Oranges and lemons were possible—as possible on the sheltered side of the Diablo hills as in any part of the State, and even one tree would add very much to the beauty of the home life. " Did you dry any fruit?" we asked, " or can any?" " Oh, no. It don't pay to do such drudg- ery when we can buy it so cheap." This is the rock upon which so many Cali- fornia people break up. "Many a little makes a mickle," say the Scotch people. It's equally true that dimes make dollars. A pound of apples dried nicely for winter use saves twelve and a half cents at least, besides the time and shoe leather required to go after them. The home-made article can be free from cores and skins: the store article may have both. Bowls of grape jam — made with only one pound of sugar to the pound — might have been prepared (fifty for every family of four), delicious and healthful, from fruit that to-day is rotting on the vines. The fact is, dear reader, IT DOBS NOT PAT to buy anything that you can make or save at home in time and materials that otherwise would be wasted. Then, there are whole reefs of rocks on which to be shipwreck in the trifling story papers — "given away if you will buy the flashy cheap chromos." Morning, noon and night some one may be seen reading the exciting continued tales of impossible heroes and heroines. Wherever this habit is formed, and becomes a passion, jilows and harrows are rusting, chickens roosting over the harness, the stock is neglected, fences down, weeds abounding, trees and vines scragly from ne- glect, and the house, inside and out, in a worse condition. These people are dyspeptics in brain as well as stomachs. Exciting food and unnatural stories please best. They do not relish simple bread and baked apples, nor pleasant and instructive farm journals. In- finitely better for all parties to rise early and work late; to scrub floors, and pull weeds,and by hand, pare apples to dry. Better even to walk five miles with a basket of eggs to sell, than to fret and whine and dawdle over a sickly story or a flashing fashion plate. The first brings self-respect and propriety : the last, discontent and ruin. The Scotch and Welsh people, who com- mence very small, working by the day, in a few years, have snug and thrifty homes. Our countrymen and women, iu too many in- stances, by their dislike of plain work, and their foolish desire to be fashionable, sink away from broad, fertile acres and the possi- bilities of beautiful homes, and then blame capital and Providence. To help correct this false pride, let each reader of the Agriculturist try to persuade one other person to subscribe for and read a copy each mouth of the glad new year. Ed- ited by a workingman, who, with his wife, has solved the problem of making home attrac- tive and beautiful with only the materials within the reach of the humblest toiler, cer- teinly, in the coming year, many lessous can be given to assist those who wish to leani and are willing to ti-y to improve their homes and their hearts. AVhen a mau owns the land upon which the labor of his life is expendiil, and which ho exjiects to leave as a legacy to his children, his interest in the political att'airs of the nation must be vastly greater than when uo sense of respousiliility exists, and when a system which tends to weaken tlie citizen's iutercst in the att'airs of slate threatens, it is time to meel it with determined resistance. Bashfulness is often like the jjlaitiug on sjJoons — when it wears ofl'it shows the brass. tl' California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Cleaning a Field From Thistles With Sheep. Mr. Hawkins aud Mr. Broughton, of So- lano county, live near together. They each have a hundred acre field adjoining. The soil is alike. Year after year these fields have been sown in wheat until the average croi> was not more than fifteen or twenty bushels to the acre; beside this the little thistle, or nettle as some caU it, had almost taken possession of them. During the month of February last year, Mr. Hawkins put 600 sheep on his and let them remain until August. In the meantime they ate up every particle of vegetation and trampled the whole field into a perfect dust bed. Yet when they were taken off they were per- fectly fat. Last winter it was put in wheat, and when harvested produced fifty-eight bushels to the acre, the whole being per- fectly free from thistles, while Mr. Brough- ton got only fifteen from his, and any amount of thistles. May not farmers learn a lesson from this? This land did not lie profitless as fallow ground does, but the sheep were a source of revenue. While thoy enriched the soil they cleared it of weeds and prepared it for a more abundant yield. — Sonoma Demoivai. A Model Republic. The little Republic of Switzerland, perched among the Alps, is the pattern Republic of the world. Its population consists of 2,- 400,000 souls, and there are 485,000 house- holds of families. Of the heads of these famihes 405,000 possess landed property, so that the whole of the real estate of the Re- public may be said to be distributed among the whole of its people. The exports of the country amount to $58,000,000, and the rate of pauperism is the lowest in Europe. Taxes are nominal, officers' salaries low, defalca- tion and civic corruption are unknown, and the oflices (local and federal) go a begging. Such are a few of the effects of the extensive diffusion of property, and nearly equal pay for service public aud private. Advancing and Retreating Races. As the wild man retreats, so the wolf who shared the forest with him is forced to yield to the prowess of the dog, that comiianion of the second; while the lordly bison is com- pelled, year by year, though the requisite " nine points of law " be on his side, to re- linquish his rich prairie haunts to the more sturdy ox. The wild hog, too, that most in- trepid and tenacious of brutes, disappears in some unaccountable way from his favorite re- sort of field aud forest, where the domestic hog roots aud riots in his stead in ever-in- creasing numbers. Wherever these two op- posing forces meet there seems to be but one inevitable result — the lower type must con- form to, and be blended with the higher, or be exterminated. — Phrmological Journal. Testing SEEre. — In n portion of Den- mark, where one-fifth of the land is culti- vated to clover, the vitality of the seed is tested by placing a quantity of the seed on a knife blade, and heating it over a lighted candle. The good seed will pop open and pop off, while the worthless remains and car- bonizes on the blade. Mr. Christian Baggs, of Oakland, reminds us of this fact in res- ponse to an inquiry for practical tests for seeds. — Ttural Press. Koora next to WI! I OUT'S Ph.itciKruph Oiill.:r>', Santa Olara Street Dr. H. Klein, Surgeon Dentist X want every man, woman and child TO KNOW that I Hell GtntB' (Nothing. Men's and BoyH' HatB, Ladies*, GentH' and Children's Under. ■wear and Furnishing GuodB, DoraeBticB, Dress Goods, White ilu-.dB. Embroideries, Laces, lUbbons, Kuch- ingH, Hiiiidk.rchit.-tH, Gloves, Corsets, HositTy, Faus, Flowers, Tit^s, Jrwelry, Buttons, etc., eto, cliieai>«r tlkun anyone else in San «Tuse. A. M. FELDMAN, 4X9 First street, next to Hardware btore. 1090m,DENIIST, SAN JOSK. OFFirE, 253 Haiita Clara Ht Ether and Chloroform carefully administered when desired. de Published Quarterly. January Numchr just issued, and contains over 100 Pages, SOD Engravings, descriptions of more than 500 of our best Flowers and Vegetables, with Directions for Culture, Coi.oked Plate, etc. 'ihemost useful and elegant work of the kind in the world. Only 25 cents for the year. Pubhshed in English and German. Address, JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y. R. C. Kirbj &; Co., TANNERS! SANUCRUSeAK-MlSSOLELimSR Wholesale Dealers. OFFICE 402 and 404 Battery St., San Francisco. THE Jackson Wagons Arc known to be Sold on this Coast. Snlil quite as low ae the very many poor oues offered for Bale. We warrant them for two years. For sale in San .Jose at San Francisco prii-c-K by Haskell - kets, etc., liare^ ExoUa and Ihtrdy. BonqiiolM. Wreaths, (*roi4»nn Jind Flornl Doc- oralloiiM of All Kinds to Order. NurRorlPR Two miles north of San Joki-, on the Mil- piUsroad. Ij. K SANDERSON. $ I oo,ooo. Wm. Erkbon, PreBident, H. E. Hills, Manager. "Wm. Erkfiin, I-,. F, Chipman, Horace Little, O. T. Settle, Thomas E. Snell. J. P. Dudley, David Campbell, James Singleton, E. A. Braley,... 0^' Will do a General Mercantile BuHlneKH. Also, receive di-pcfiits, on which such interest will be al- lowed as may be agreed upon, and ihako loans on ap- proved security. S^]N" JOSE SAVi^CS BAiyK, 280 Santa Clara Street. CAPITAL STOCK Oflic«rs: ProRident Vice-President. . Cashier $300,000 -.John H. Mooee S. A. BiHHOP .H. H. Reynolds Directors : John H. Moore, Dr. B Bryant, H. Mabury, S. A. Bishop, H. U. Reynolds, James Hart, James W. Whiting. NEW FEATURE: This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts," bearing inter- estat fi, Sand 10 percent per annum; interest payable promptly at the end of six mouths from date of de- posit. The " Receipt" may be transferred by iudorse- ment and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also allowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of deposit. Our vaults are largo and strong as any in the State, and spicially adapted for the safe-keejjing of Bonds, StockB. Papers, Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. Draw Ex'-hango on San Francisco and New York, In Cro]d or Currency, at reasonable rates. Buy and sill Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. National Gold Bank OF SAN JOSE. Paid Tip CapUal (Gold Coin) S">00, 000 Aulhtirizcfl Capital . . .»!, 000, 000 Prenident JOHN TV. HrNPfi Vii-L.-Pl-CBident WM. L. T18D.\LE Cashier uud Su cretary GEO. P. SPARKS Directors: C. Burrel, 0. G. HnrriBdii, Wm. 1). Tisilalo, E. C. SinRli'tarr, E. L. liradloy, Wm. L. Tisdiilp, John W. Hinds. FARMERS. PAIHT YOUR BUILDIiraS — A^fD YOUE — ZMPX.SMSXTTS! TJSE THE BEST 1 USB THE raiLin: I — It Costs Less, Lasts Longer and Looks Brighter than Any Other Good Paint. It Does iioi Crack, Tior Chalk, nor Peel Off. SEE THAT YOUR PAINTER USES IT. Remember, it is prepared in Liquid Form, ready for applicatiun; can be ubtaiued of Any Shade or Color, and is Composed of the Befit Materials, thoroughly in- corporated. Bo that it does not spoil by standing. For Beauty of Finish and Brilliancy of Color it iB without a rival. Remember, with this Paint yon can do your own painting better than it can bo done with any other Paint. It Is alivays Keady for Use. Paint your Houses— Paint your Wagons. Mowing MachincB, Plows, etc., etc. It Pays in the long run to do it. The Averill Paint is the Paint for everybody the Best and Mofit Economical Paint in the world. Ask your store-keeper for it. Will allow interest on Deposits, buy and sell F.\- chauge, make collections, loan money, and transact A General Banking Business. Special inducements ofl'erod to fanners, merchants, nieebauics, and all classes for commercial accounts. Cor. First and San Fernando Sts., SAN JOSE. sop Published Quarterly. January Number just issued, and contains over 100 Paces, 500 Engsavings, descriptions of more than 500 of our best Flowers and Vegetables, wi th Directions for Culture, Colored Plate etc. The most useful and elegant work of the kind in the world. Only 25 cents for tlie year. Published in English and German. Address, JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y. J. U. SPEI^CER, Real Estate Agent AND Cexxeral Auctioxieer. FAUMS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION — Valley and Hill lands— High und Low priced Farms— Farms to suit everybody. Corr»'spondenco solicited. Business Chances a specialty. Property of every description bought and sold. Houses rented, and Loans negotiated. oc m NATIONAL TEMPERANCE ALMANAC And Teetotalers' Year Book, for 1875, Cont.j.inH 72 piipep of Statistice of Temperanco, Aner- ilot.H, Stories. IHizzlee. Ch"if« JUnstnitionB. l'oht('fflf nil TrmiH-niuct' Orniiiilziitions in N«"W Vorlf .ity and ISrooklTU, uU TfrnptniULti ruhlindionB and I'uptTh. etc.. ftf."Si-nt by m:dl on reiript «'f priro, Ten r«ntB, single copies; $1 P*t dozen: $7 per hundred. AddrosB, J. N. STEARNS. Publishing Ap't. CS ReadeStroet, ^'l.•\v York. V^^^a^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. MY ANNUAL CATAI-OGUE OP VEGETA- ble auil Flower SL-etls, for 1S75, will he ready by January Ist for all wht) apply. Customers of last Bca- Bou need uot write for it. lu it will be found several vuhiable varieties of uew vegetables introduced for the first time this seasnn, having made new vesetHbles a spifialty for many years. Growint; ovee a hund- jiED AND FIFTY vauieties Oil uiy scvi-ral furiuK.I would particularly invite the imtroiiH;,'*' of miirltet gardeners and all others who are ehiietijilly disimus to have their seed pure and fresh, and of the very beht strain. All st'eds sent out from my estHblit^Lnieut are covered by three warrantB as given in my catulofiue. JAMES J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass. THE NEW IMPEOVED Side Feed and Back Feed. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOST SIM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKET. '3 in If there ia a FLOKENCE MACHINE within one thousand miles of San Fran- cisco not working well, I will fiz it with- out any expense to the owner. SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Street, GRAND HOTEL BUILDING, «AN FRANCISCO. I ZiOC^e dk 2)i£oxitague, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware &o. 112 and 114 Battery Street SAN PRAN'CISCO. WM. SHEWS EH mmmm establishment, 115 KEARXTf ST., SAN FRANCISCO. This "well known '*Pjilace of Art, " formerly lo- cated on Montgomery St., No. 417, is now on Kearny St., No. 115 and has no connection with auy other. Strangers viirtiting the City will find it for their interest to patronize this establishment for any kind of picture from Minature to Life Size. N. B. The very best Kembraurlt Cards Album rizo $2 per doz. equal to any that cost $4 on Montgomery St.; other sizes equally low in proportion. ap & HYDE, Cor. Kearny and Suffer Sts. SAW FRANCISCO, WUOLEaALE ANU UETAIL DEALF.RS IN SHEET MUSIC, Musical Instruments, MUSICAL MEItCIIANI>ISE, Orders from the Interior promptly filled. MANUFACTUBEIIS OF THE Acknowledged by Musicians to be the Best LoW Priced Instruments ever ofiered for &alo on this Coast. THE UNEQUAIiLED These Superb Instruments have achieved a Rucci'Rs unparalleled in the history of Piano-forta Manufacture. They are remarkable for Great Volume, Purity and Sweetness of Tone, and Dmrability. THE CELEBRATED OBGJ0IS ^ <> The Most Desirable InRtmnientK in the market for church and parlor. Over 2S.0OO now in use. SHERMAX & HYDE, GEXEIi.LL AnEXTS, SAN FRANCISCO. Tus-tin's Fatexxt FIRST PREMIUM r ■(\ WIND -MILLS lit; — AND ~ HORSE-POWERS. Factoiiy— Comer Market and i Beal Sts., San Fran<-iM-0. Send for DEGCEIPTIVD CI2CIILAES. w. I TusTiN, patentee:. THE PARKER GUN. SEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR PARKER BRO'S WEST MERIDEN.CT. ^sicalRe^IEW One Dollar per annum. Each issne con- tains valuable reading, and t^cr SI -WORTH OF NEW MUSIC. Send your address with $i, in postage stamps or currency, to SHERMAN i HYDE, San FRANcisca FARM FOR SALE. Within Sis Miles of Eeno, Nevada. A Most DesiraWe Farm of 160 Acres. TXTLXS — U. S. FATEIO'T. THIS PINE FARM IS SITUATED at the slope of the mountains southwest i from Ueno, and is surrounded with an excel- i lent free Stock-Ran^e, Upon it is one of the ,ZAs^ best fruit orchards iu Nevada. Over 500 bearinfi troi s of ehoioeet varieties. Also a Iarf;e lot of small fruits. Alfalfa, Timothy and Grain do finely. Conneeted with the Farm is a 40-acre lot of Timber, containing some 2,tHX) cords of Wotxl. Also, a Fish Pond. The place is pleasantly situated near a good market. The soil is first-rate, and the location and climate healthy. It offt rs special advantjif^es fiT a good homo to an en- tt-rprisinft man with a family. For terms, address the Proprietor. JAS. S. TOLLES. sap Beno, Nevada. MUITIT & GO'S. jl First ^i SAN JOSE. Street, 9(!1 JOSE. tttJl MEAT MARKET IO. G. T— GRANGEK LODGE, No. 295, meets • eveay MONDAY evtping, at 8 o'clock, in their Hall, No 284 Sauta Clara street, over the S. J. Savings Bank. Members of sister Lodges and sojourning members in good standiug are invited to attend. S. J. BACON, W. C. T. PEnETMAN r. Page, W. Sec'y. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 1 Optician and M a nufacturing Jeweler. Blacksmith. Patent Tire-Setter. Stoves, Kitchen Utensils. Groceries, Provisions, Family Supplies. Physician Bennett's Fnruituro Manufactory, San Jose. Vr. T. E.A.VES, (Late of Virginia City,) WATCH-MAKER, JEWELLER PRACTICAL OPTICIAN, Opp. tlie AuzcraiR House, No. 268 Santa Clara Si„ San Jose. N. B.— A fine selection of Clocks and Silverware always on hand. JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, Pioneer Blacksmith and Carriage Shop. Balbarh's New Brick, cor. Sec- ond st.itnd Fountain Alley, SAN .JOSE. New Work and repairing of Agricultural Implements, etc. West's American Tire-Setter. FRED. KLEIN, STOVES, SHEET-IRON, Copper, Tinware, Iron Pumps, Kitchen UtetisUs, CeleTDrated Peerless Stoves. Si'il Santa Clara St , Near PoBtolBce. San Jose. WfV9. FISCHER. Fresh &EQCEEIES,?M!SIONS, Hardware, Etc., Etc., BOUGHT LOW, — AND— rOR SAIiZ: CHEAP, — AT— No. 294 Santa Clara Street, Near Spring & Go's Auction Store, SAN JOSE. Everybody that knows WM. FISCHER {and he is well known] will tes- tify that his Goods are The Best and the Cheapest in Town. SANIA CLAEA VALLEY DE-TTG STOB.S, Cor. Santa ClaratSi Tliird sts. SAN JOSE, JOHZV D. SCOTT, IVE.])., Physician and Drugr/ist. SAir JOSE Wliolt'riiilt* ami ICftuil. J. S. Bennett, Prop'r. FACTORY, Cor. Fourth and San Peirnando St?. Salesroom, Ho. Sll First Street, San .)<^hk, Cal. B S C R § B E — FOB THE — U N S H I N — THE ONLY — CHILDREFS MAGAZINE PnliliKhid on THE PACFiC COAST. Only ^I.IO a Year. A mm mmki mmv, And one that ■will continue A Source of Pleasure Dxiring the whole year. AddreBS, SUNSHINE, Postofflce Box 288 Santa Clara. JANUARY. 1 s. M. T. w. T. F. s. 1 2 3 4 ~~5 ~6 7 8 y 10 17 24 1 1 18 25 12 13 20 114 21 15 22 29 16 23 30 26 27 2^ 31 .. __ P. T7^. HEAHDOIT, ■WTia A. ZiEVT^IS, Watch-maker and Jeweller, No. 309 First Street, SjVN JOSE. E. J. WILCOX, ffiieoxBloek.No. Kill First St,, SA2V JOSE, CAXi. California and Eastern Made BOOTS AUD SHOES, A Large and Superior ABSortment. Iffo. 400 First Street, Wilcox Block, San Joee. These Valves are the sim- pUt^t and must ]>ert"ert in muatruc- tion of any Valve ever inventi^d. Fur cheiipnnsK, durability and capaidty of dischart^ng water, tbey are nut equaled by any other Valve. We manufacture sizes from 3 to 7 inches diameter, and for Hand. Windmill and Hurse-power or Steam Pumps. We alKo keep on hand and manufac- ture the best and cheapest Well Pipes. FRED. KLEIN, Dealer in Stoves, etc., Nu. '2^7 Santa Clara street, a few doors west of the Postoffice, Sau Juse, Liig-lit and Heavy Wagons, Express Wagons, Tup and Op«n Bng-ffies* Carriages, RockaAvays, Gigs and Baronclkes. MADE OF THE VERY BEST ASSORTED MA- terial. All wurk warranted. Jobbing of all kindH. Painting, Trimsiinj, Blaoksmithing, aai Woud Work. n[!i.Orders -ivill receive Prompt Attention. C. S. Crydenwise, C^AnnlAGK MAKEll. PIONKEK CAR- J riago Shop. 314 Skcond Street, lictwocn Santa Claia street and Fountain Alley. SAN JOSE. J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, aST First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOB Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. D. J. Ports:. lalm T. Colihin. PORTER &. COLAHAN, Eeal Estate and Fire Insurance, Fostoj]ice corner^ San Jose. ^^Jna Insurance Co. of Hartford lionduii Assurance, of Lon- don, Fireman's Fund^ of San Francisco. Confeyancing by John T. Colahan, Nutary Public. C. SCHRODER, CALIFQENIA imi FACTQE?, 349 Santa Clara Street, Near the Opera House, San Jose. Confectionery in Great "Variety, Wholseale and Retail. Ity Orders promptly attended to. SAN JOSE m factsr: IDXAUSLICE O'BRZEU, Wluilisale and Retail Candy Manufacturer, :IN7 First Street, Near San Fernando, San Jose. GARDEN CIIV DRUG STBP.E, (Deutsche Apotheke), No. :i:JO Snndi C'liira SI . (south siilc.) IJitWirii First and S.i-ond sts, kteiiK I'liiihtHiitly on liand WB.Z Drugs mi Uoaiciscs. Cbciciul:, Fe^ fumory. ToUot and Fancy Artclos. Etc. Pnrf SodaWatiron ilraui,'ht. I'liysiciiins' prescriptioiisiareflilly colli poundt-'il. HENS? PESSNECEEE, Prop'r. Residi'lH-e. No. 11(1 First stri-it, north- west i-oruer of Fox avenue. do RHODES & LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, No. 355 First Streot, SAN JOSE. ft Boots and Shoes. Patent Pump Valve. Groin Dealer. Heal Estate, Fire Insurance, Notary Public, C o nyeyancing. Candy Factory. Fresh Candy and Ice Cream. l^ Volume 6. 51 » %n Subscription Price, $1.50 a year. SAN JOSE, CAL., APF^IL, 1875. Single Copies, 15 cents. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page 13, Editorial.— A Fine Herd of Short-borne. Fair Tactics. ** 76, Editorial Noteg. •* 77, Poetry. — Only a Farmer's Daughter. Under tbe Daisies. "What is His Creed? I've Been Thinking. Souls, Not St.ition8. Wishing and Having. Why? Do Some- thing. ** 78, Editorial.— How to Keep Up a Good Flow of Milk. Villainous Laud Trans- actions. Loss of Moisture froiu the Suil. •• 79, Editorial,— A San Jose Prune Orchard. How They Like thu Agkicultdiust. •• 80, EditoriaL— Fattening Beef Cattle for M^irket. Correspondence. —The Cul- tivation of the Olive in California (by l>r. John D. Scott), *• 81, Correspondence (continued) . — Curi- ous Epitaphs (by Elisa E.Anthony). ** 83, Household Reading;.— A Farmer's Wiful'll Be. Chats V ith Farmers' Wives and Dau^'hters (by Jewell). Hints on Training Children. •• 83, Stock Breeder,— Utility Above Fancy in Breeding. •* 84, Stock Breeder (continued). — Higb- Priced Stock. English Short-Horn Sales for 1875. Miscellaneous. — Dust for the Animals, Flax Culture. •* 85, Poultry Yard.— The Kind of Fowls to Keep. Selection of Turkeys for Breeding. The BestPoultry for (ieueralUae. Ducks. Crossing Breeds. •• 86, Porcine. — More Hogs and Less Wheat. Improvement in Breeding Swiue. The Berltshsre Pig. Dressing Black Hogs. Money in Hogs. Etc. •• 87, SUeep and Goats,— What Breed is Best? The Merino. Salt and Charcoal fur Sheep. Helhiuks Sheep Pay Best. A Comparison of Sheep. Breeding Sheep. •• 88, Apiary.— The Inmates of the Hive. Shade fur Bees. Bees, Wa&pg and (irapes. Etc. *• 8y, Dairy. — Treatment of Heifers. More Abuut Cheese. To Purify Dairy Utensils. Boys end Girls.— Mud Pies. What the Baby Saw in the Glass. Bad Boys Make Bad Men. To Boys and Young Men. About So. " 90, Woman's Progress. — Bnsiness Suit- able for Woman. What Women Have Gnined. Sensible Fashions fur Women. A Novel Experiment in Houee-keeinng. Anti-Corset Society. •' 91, Hygienic— Milk as a Diet. Washing the Inside of the Body. What Alcohnl Will Do. Sound Common Sense. Wet and Dry Bathing. Etc, ** 93, Educational. — Before and After Schoul. Do Farmers Read Enough ? For the Boys. Diversity of Gifts. Live adn Dead Weight of Cattlo. Etc. -Coming Stock Sales. Etc. LOOK TO YOUR INTERESTS AND GO TO THE Farissrf Fimke Store, 412 FIEST ST., SAN JOSE. Spring' Beds IWade to Order at Iiess than Wholesale Prices. Z. TAYLOR. WOODLAND FOUIiTKV YARDS Victorious ! Half the Awards at the Last State Fair. Bend for Price List of EGGS and FQ-SVLS. DE. W. J. PRATHEB, ap Woodland, Yulo Co., Cal. A. O. HooKEn. ■ff. F. GUNCKEL. E. A. Ci^HK. J. "W. Haskell. CLARK Si, HASKELL, Real Estate, and deneral Business A^ent, SEARCHING AND CONVEYANCING promptly and correctly done — Real Estate bought and sold. Ofiii-e;— In Post Office IJuilding HUBBARD Sl GO'S First Street, PS| SAN JOSE. Wyi MEAT JOSE. ARKET. SAITTA CLARA TANNERY. JACOB EBEEHARDT, Puoprieioh. ALL KINDS OF LEATHER. SHEEP SKmS, AND WOOL. Highest price paid for Sheep Skins, Tal- low, Wool, etc. BLOOMINGTON NURSERY, Bloomington, HI — F. K. PuoE.vix. Siiring lists free, or tho set uf four catalogues, post free, for twenty cents. fe3t PELTON'S SZX-FOIiD HORSE-POWER. TTAVING MADE NEW ARRANGEMENTS -*-"'■ with MR. McKENZIE, 1 ani prepared to supply my PowerB to all persons favoring me with thi-ir or- ders. All Powers hereafter manufactured can only be obtained of me or my Agents. In future they will be made under my directiunB and specificaticns, and U'lthing but a prime quality of Machinery Iron will be used in their manufacture. I have nreatly improved the application and bracing of my Levers, which will give them ample strength. All Powers fully warranted. For further infonnatiou eend for circulars and price list to S. FEXiTOZO', Patentee. ap San Jose. California. C. A. HOUGH WILL HOT BE UHDERSOLD ITF. IS NOW SF.I.LIN'G THE P.FST OF FINEST [IMPOKTED 7 S lAi AND BEST QUALITIES OF COFFEES. Superior Eastern Bacon, Ham, Cheese, Cod- fish, and Carolina Eice. The Non-Explosive Mineral Sperm Oil and Celebrated Dual Burners at Reduced Prices. The Finest HONEY in the world, and ehoiee grades of TOBACCO AND CICARS At the Lowest Price for CASH. A. S O TT G S, HOLLOWAY'S OLD STAND. 311 Santa Clara Street, San Jose Bank Building, California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal. BUEEDERS' DIHECTOEY. Parties (iPKiriiig to purebaHe Live Stuck will find in this Directory the names of some of the most reliable Breeders. OtTR Rates.— Cards of two lines or less will be in- serted in this Directory at the rate of 50 cents per month. A line will average about eight "words. Payable annually. CATTLE. C B. POl^HKMUS, Sau Jose. Santa Clara county, CaL, brei'ikT of Sbort-Horu Cattle, S. N, PUTNAM, breeder of Pure-bred Durham Cattle, Santa Clara, Cal. S. B. EMERSON, Mountain View, Santa Clara county, CaL. breeder of Short-Horu and Holstein Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CHARIjES CI^\RK, Milpitas. Santa Clara county, CaL, br'^der uf Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. WM. Q,UINN, Smu Jose, Santa Clara countv, CaL, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. CYRtrs JONES & CO., San Jose. Santa Clara county, CaL, breeders of Short-Horu Cattle. COLEMAN TOITNGER, San Josp. Santa Clara county, CaL, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. L, J. HANCHETT, San Jobc, Santa Clara county, CaL, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. R. G. SNKATH, Menlo Parli. San Mateo Co., CaL, choice -Turbey Cows. Heifers and Bull Calves for sale CARR «& CHAPMAN, Gabilan, Nouterey cnnnty, CaL, breeders of Trottiuy Horses, Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. R, B. CANNON, Suisun, Solano county, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. JOS, r.. CHAMBERS, St. Johns, Colusa county, CaL, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. C. COMSTOCK, Sacramento, Calif oruia, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. J. BREAVSTER, Gait Station. Sacramento county, CaL, breeder of Shurt-Horu Cattle. IVM. FLEMING, Napa, California, breeder of Shoi"t-Horn Cattle. W, li, OVERHISER, Stockton. San Joaquin Co., CaL, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. J. B. REDMOND, Black Point, Marin county, CaL, breeder of Sbort-Horn Cattle. GEO. R. VERNON, Oakland, Alameda county, CuL, breeder of Short-Horu Cattle. MOSES TVICK, Oroville, Butte county, California, breeder of Shoi-t-Horn Cattle. J, R. ROSE, Lakeville, Souoma county, Califor- nia, breeder of Devon Cattle. G. D. MORSE, San Francisco, Breeder of Short- Horn and Devon Cattle. J. R. JEWELL, Petaluma, Sonoma county, CaL breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SENECA DANIEl S, Lakeville, Sonoma county, Cal., breeder of Devon Cattle. CHAS.G. BOCKIUS, Lomo Place, Sutter county, CaL, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. JOHN JtJDSON, Bloomfleld, Sonoma county, CaL, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. A. MILLARD, Sau Rafael. Marin county, Califor- nia, breeder of Jerseys and Alderneys. H. P. LIVERMORE, Sau Francisco, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. BENNETT & PAGE, San Francisco, breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. LEWIS PIERCE, Suisun, Solano county, Califor- nia, breetier of Short-Horn Cattle. ~~ SWINE. ' S. HARRIS BARRING, San Joee, Cul., breedur of Best Purebred IJerliKliire Swine. CHARLES CIiARK, Milpitus, Snnta Clara county, Cal., breeder of purebred BerkBlliro Swine, MEAT MARKETS, I EDDY k. BUG., Stall No. 1. City Market, do a rcu. J eral butchering and market buBlneBS. City orders eli vored free of extra charge. ^ JOSE CLOTHiNG ST 266 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. O'BANIOIT & 2SESTT, nSerchant Tailors and Clothiers, Sealers in All Kinds of CEITTS' FTTniTISIIIITa GOODS, LIGHTSTONE BLOCK, Nearly Opposite the Auzerai^House. SHEEP AND GOATS. KIRS. ROBERT BI^ACOVV, Centerville, near Nlk'K Station, Alameda comity, Cal. Pure-blooded French Merino Uams and Ewes lor sale. A . G. STONBSIPER, Hill's Ferry, Stanislaus Co., Cal., breeder of Pure-blooded French Merino Sheep. A. VROMAN, Jenny Lind, CalaveraB county, Cal., Cotswuld Bvuks for sale. References, Moody & Far- itih, San Francisco; Shippee, McKee k Co., Stockton. MARSH «» RETICKER, San Joee, Santa Clara county, breeders uf Pure Anyt.ira Goats. LEIVDRUM «St ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal., im- porterti and breeders of Pure Angora Goats. C. P. BAILEY, San Jose Cal., importer, breeder and dealer in Cashmere or AuRora Goats. Fine Pure-bred aud_Grade Goats for sale. TENDRIIM & ROGERS, Wateonville, Cal. Im- ^ porters and breeders of the finest Cotswold Sheep and Angora Goats. McCRACKEIV & LEWIS, San Jose, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of fine Angora Goats. Also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. MERINO RAMS.- Pure blood and Grades. The finest in the State. Address, McCracken & Lewis, San Jose. THOS. BUTTERFIELD & SON, BREEDERS AND IMPORTERS OF ANGORA OR CASHMERE GOATS, i3^F* Also, Cotswold and other lone wool Sheep. ""^ FRENCH AND SPANISH MERINOS. HOLL.ISTER, MONTEREY CO., CAL. POULTRY, M FALLON, Seventh and Oak streets, Oakland, Cal., uflers for sale Eggs from every vaiiety of choice Fowls. ALBERT E. BURBANK, 13 and '44 California Market, San Francisco, importer and breeder of Fancy Fowls, Pigeons, Rabbits, etc. MRS. L. J. "WATKINS, Santa Clara, Premium Fowls. White Leglniru. S. S. Hamburg, Game Ban- tams, and Aylesbury Ducks. Also, Eggs. MISCELLANEOUS. DAWSON & BANCROFT, U. S. Live Stock Ex- change, southeast corner o4 Fifth and Bryant streets San Framisco. All kinds of common and thorough- bred Stuck always on exhibition and for sale. SPLENOID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, only $•■4 a duZL-n, and Cabinets ^4 a dozen, at HOW- LAND'S Gallery (Heuring's old stand] No. 359 First street, San Jose. fe ly BARRY & WALLACE, 3HG First street. Handsome turuouts always on hand at fair prices. Fine hearse for funerals. Give us a trial. ■• JH. GORDON, 351 Santa Clara street, below Second . • Gas, water and steam fitting, and general plumb- ing business. Charges very moaerate. I> 8ANGUINETTI, 418 an4 420 First st. Bookcases, >• wardrobes, kitchen safes and picture frames made to order. Furniture maacU''s Building-, Sa,iita, Clara Street, near First, Sait aJose. SPECUL TEEMS TO AGENTS. BATES OF ADVERTISING. Perono Column SIS 00 Per Month " half Oolniim 8 00 " " fourth Column 4 00 " " " eighth Column 2 00 " " Bixtet'nth Column 100 " " V£^ We are determined to adhere to to our resolution to iidmif uoue hwi worthy business advertising in our columns, and to keep clear of [):itt-iit uietlicine, liquor, and other advertisements itf donlttlul intliience. J'he large circulation, the (li-hir;il'l'' chiss nf readers, and the neat and ronvenieiitforin. n nd- rs this Juiirnal a choice medium for reaching the attention of the maBses. EDITORIAL NOTES. The annual meeting of the California Tho- roughbred Cattlo Breeders' Association will be held at the Grand Hotel, at San Eraucisco, on Tuesday, April 6th, at 2 p. m. The an- nual election of ofiScers will take place, and other important business will be transacted. The idea prevalent amongst many farmers that the gopher will not eat the roots of the eucalyptus, pepper tree and castor oil plant is erroneous. We have seen these plants de- stroyed by gophers, who seem to grow as fat on such food as on the most succulent vege- table. Strychnine and phosphorus are the proper condiments "to stay the stomach" of these rodents. ftuantity of Vegetables to Feed an Animal Daily. — Several persons have thought that we placed the estimate too high — 24,000 pounds of vegetables to a steer in four mouths' feeding, or 200 pounds per day. But Mr. Story says they will eat that much. AVhen we remember that there is only about 8 per cent, of nutriment in a beet, or about 16 pounds in 200, it will not seem very pre- posterous. And thoy will eat just about as much hay with the beets as thoy woidd with- out thorn. It is natural for animals of the bovine species to keep the stomach distended when feed is plenty. They can digest their food best when the ponch is fiill, and they cannot keep healthy without full stomachs. An animal that oats all the vegetables, roots or squashes, that ho wants will not care to drink much water. But to take on fat (juickly they must oat nil thoy want of rich food with- out exertion, !Uid bo kept quiet and rciiting as niuch as possible. A subscriber in Missouri asks whether a, person can enter a piece of land under the homestead law in California. Yes, if the person can find a ijieco of Government land. There is some Government laud worth having in out-of-the-way places, but nearly all of the desirable land is monopolized by grants and grabbers. Probably no State in the Union has been so cursed with land pirates ns Cali- fornia has. In some parts of the State n man who attempts to pre-empt land does so at the peril of his life. Stock men overrun much desirable laud open to pre-emption, and it seems that the rights of indiviuals are as little respected as when there was no law but revolvers and bowie knives. The grape is the only plant we now think of that will be benefitted by allowing the mois- ture in the surface soil to escape or be taken up by other plants. And especially when growing in rich, moist soil is this the case. We have known good crops of grapes to grow and be sweet and fine on soil that had been allowed to overrun with weeds, while just over a fence, where the soil was carefully cul- tivated, the grapes were mildewed, sour and almost worthless from excess of richness and moisture in the soil. We have watched this thing for the last five years, and feel assured that it is policy on moist soils to absorb the moisture by cultivating some succulent crop, or allowing grass to grow between the rows of grape vines. Good Butter Cows. — The best proof that it pays to get good cows and then feed them plentifully of good grass ixnd hay is given by the experience of Mr. F. T. Holland, who re- sides in the Evergreen district, east of San Jose. He has four fine cows, three of them high grade Aldernies and one a first-rate American cow. In the Fall and Winter he feeds roots and squashes with hay, and al- ways gives hay night and morning when grass is ever so good, and he always has a lot of green grain and corn growing to furnish green feed when the grass in his pasture 'gets dry. Good stock and good feeding is his motto. From the four cows he has been making fifty pounds of butter a week during the flush of grass feed. This is jjrobably not excelled by any four cows in this State. Mr. HoUand has a forty acre farm which he takes pride in till- ing according to correct practice, and he at- tributes his success with his cows as much to good feed as to tine stock. The Present Dark Age of Inquisition. We sometimes hear persons speak of the Dark Ages and the age of the Inquisition as some- thing that is jjast. But some events of the present day don't look much as though we had advanced very far ahead of "yeold times. " F And a toes of her haughty head. She was frilled and flounced and fiirbelowed In the very latest style ; Hur head was a wonder of crimps and curie. And her train something lues than a mile, Her hands, that sparkled with many a ring, Were shapely and fair to view ; As they wi'll mij^iht be, for no useful work Were they ever allowed to do. To hear her talk of the " lower class," Of their sins against propriety, Of " ht-T family," and of " country girls," And her horror of *' mixed society," One would think that among her ancestry She numbt^red at least an Earl. (Her father was once a carpuntc-r. And her mother a factory girl. > They say she is brilliant and beautiful ; I will not their words dt-ny ; But ah! the farmer's daughter Is fairer, by far, to my eye. She is not in the height of fashion. But is vi;ry becomingly dresHed, With flounces enough tor comfort, And they look as if made of the best. Mirth and innocent happiness Out of her blue eyes shiut: ; Her hair is untortured by crimps and curls. And she wears it by right divine. No mother toils in the kitchen for her. While she on the sofa loils, Novel in hand, dressed in her best, Keceiving her morning calls. A share in the heat and burden of life She willingly, cheerfully takes. And duty and love, in that hapi>y home, A pleasure of labor makes. And though you may smile at this curious fact, I have seen her with hoe in her hand, While she planted the corn, or waged war on the weeds, When man's help was scarce in the laud. And her flowers— well, next summer you'll see them yourself, As you ride past the farm on the prairie, And mark the home, covered witli roses and vines, The work of this Martha or Mary. And I'm sure you will say, spite the verdict of those Who live out in fashion's gay whirl, That " only a farmer's daughter " means Only a sensible girl 1 Under the Daisies. It is strange what a great deal of trouble wo take, What eacrilice most of us willingly make. How the lips will smile though the heart may ache. And we bend to the ways of the world, for the sake Of its poor and scanty praises. And time run. on with such pitiless flow, That our lives are wasted before we know What work to finish before we go To our long rest under the daisies. And too often we fall in a useless fight. For wrong is so much in the place of right. And the end is so far beyond our sight, 'Tie as when one starts on a chase by night, An unknown shade pursuing. Even BO do we see, when our race is run, That of all we have striven for, little is won. And of all the work our strength has done, How little was worth the doing. So most of us travel with very poor speed, Failing in thought wh^re we conquer in deed. Least brave in the hour of greatest need, And making a middle that few may read Of our life's iutricate maze .. Such a labyrinth of right and wrong, Ik it strange that a heart once brave and strong Should falter at last and most earnestly long For a calm sleep under the daisies. But if one poor troubled heart can say, *' His kindness softened my life's rough way," And the tears fall over our lifeless clay, We shall stand up in memory in brighter array Thiin if all earth ring with ()nr praises. For tile giiod we have done shall never fade, 'J hough the work be wrought and the wages paid. And the wearied frame of the laborer laid All peacefully under the daisies. What Is His Creed? Ho loft a load of anthracite In front of n pnur woman's door. When the deep auow, frozen and white, Wrapped street, and square, mountain and moor. That WHS hiH deed- He did it well. *• Wliat was his creed ?" I cannot tell, Blessed " in his basket and In his store," In sitting down and rising up ; When more he got he gave the more, Withholding not the crust and cupi He took the lead In each good task, "What Was his creed?" I did not ask. His charity was like the snow. Soft, white, and silent in its fall ; Kot like the noisy winds that blow From ahiv-iring trees the leaves— a pall For flower and weed Drooping below. •' What was his creed?" The poor may know. He had great faith in loaves of bread For hungi-y [leople, young and tdd. And bopc-iuKpired, kind words he said To those he sheltered from the cold. For we must feed. As well as pray. " What was his creed?" I cannot say. In words he did not put his trust. His faith in words he never writ ; He loved to share his cup and crust With all mankind who needed it. In time of need A friend was he. •* What was his creed?" He.told not me. He pnt his trust in heaven, and he Worked well with hand and head; And what he gave in charity Sweetened his daily bread. Let us take heed. For life is brief. What was his creed? What his belief? Tve Been Thinking. I've been thinking, I've been thinking. What a glorious world were this. Did folks mind their business mora And mind their neighbors' less I For instance you and I, my friend, ,,Are sadly prone to talk Of matters that concern us not. And others' follies mock. I've been thinking, if we'd begin To mind our own affairs. That possibly our neighbors might Contrive to manage theirs. We have faults enough at home to mend. It may be so with others ; It would be strange if it were not. Since all mankind are brothers. Oh, would that we had charity For every man and woman I Forgiveness is the mark of those Who think, " to err in human." Then let us banish jealousy, Let's lift our fallen brother. And as we journey down life's road. Do good to one another. Souls, not Stations. Who shall judge a man from manners? Who shall know him by his dress? Paupers m.ay be fit for princes, I'rinces tit for something less. CrumpUd shirt and dirty jacket M)iy bi-chitlie. tht^ golden ore Of thedfcprst thdughtsand feelings; Satin \e.-it could do no more. There are springs of crystal necrar Ever swelling out of stone ; There are purple buds and golden. Hidden, crushed and overgrown. God, who counts by souls, not dresses, L'»ves and prospers y^iu and me. While he values thrones— the highest — But as pebbles in tne sea. Man. upraised above his fellows, Oft forgets his fellow then : Musters, rulers. lords, remember. That your meanest hands are men I Men by labor, men by feeling, Men by thought and men by fame. Claiming equal rights to sunshine, In a man's ennobled name. There are foam-embroidered oceans ; There are little weed-clad rills ; There are little inch-high saplings ; There are cedars of the hills; But God, who counts by souls, not stations. Loves and prospers you and mo, For to him all vain distinctions, Are as pebbles in the sea. Toiling hands alone are builders Of a nation's Wealth and fame ; Titled latinees is pensioned. Fed and fattened on the- same. By the sweat of other's foreheads, Living only to rejoice, While the pnor man's outraged freedom Vainly lijftcth up its voice. But truth and justice are eternal, Burn with loveliness and light. And fiunsst's wrongs will never prosper While there is a sunny right. And G(^, whose world- heard voice is singlag Boundless love to you and me. Will sink oppression with its titles. As the pebbles in the st-a. Wishing and Having. BY B. H. STODDABT. If to wish and to have were one, my dear, Vou wuukl be sitting now. With not a care in your trnrler lieart, Nut a wrinkle upon your brow : The clock of time would go back with you. All the years you have been my wife, Till its golden hands ha*l pointed out The happies^hour of your life. I would stop tnem at that immortal boor; The clock should no long.-r run. You could not t>e sad, and sick, and old. If to wish and to have were one. You are not here in the winter, ray love. The snow is not whirling down ; You are in the heart of the summer woods. In your dear old seaside town. A patter of little feet in the leaves, A beautiful boy at your side- He is gathering flowers in the shady nooks — . It was but a dream that he died I Keep hold of his liands and sing to him. No mother under the sun Has such a seraphi« child as yours. If to Wish and to have are one. Methinks I am with you there, dear wife, In that old house by the saa ; I have flown to you as the bluebird flies To his mate in the poplar tree. A sailor's hammock banes at the door. You swing in it, hook in hand ; A boat is standing in for the beach. Its keel now grates the sand; Your brothei-s are coming— two manly men. Whose livi-s have only begun— Their days will be long in the land, dear heart. If to wish and to have are one. If to wish and to have were one, Ah, me f I would not be old and poor. But a young and jirosperous gentleman, With never a dun at the door ; There would be no past to bewail, my love, Thexe would be no future to dread ; Your brothers would be live men again. And my boy would not be dead. Perhaps it will all come right at last. It may be when all is done, We shall be together in some good world, Where to wish and to have are one. Why? BY HART L. ariTEB. Why came the rose ? Because the sun, in shining, Found in the mold si'iue atoms rare and fine. And stooping, drew and warmed them into growing Dust, with the spirit's mystic countersign. What made the perfume ? All his wondrous kisses Fell on the sweet, red mouth, till, lost to sight, The love l>ecBme too exquisite, and vanished Into a v-iewless rapture of the night. VThy did the rose die? Ah, why ask the question? -There is a time to love: a time to give; She perished gladly, folding close the secret Wherein is garnered what it is to live. — [Scribner for February. Do Something. If the world seems cold to you. Kindle fires to warm it. Let their comfort hide from you Winters that deform it. Hearts as frozen as your own To that radiance gather ; You will soon forget to moan— " Ah, the cheerless weather ! If the world's a " vale of tears," Smile till rainbows span it ; Breathe the love that life endears, Clear from clouds to fan it. Of your gladness lend a gleam I"*nto souls thtjt shiver ; Show them how dark sorrow's stream Blends with hope's bright river. California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal. f' HOW TO GET A GOOD FLOW OF MILK. How to keep up a good flow of milk seems to be a qUBstiou thiit puzzles many of our fai-mers. As soou as the feed begins to get a little short and dry, the lluw of milk gets short, which shows couclusively that to keep up a good supply of milk the eows must have a good supply of green feed. If a farmer will take pains to have a patch of wheat, rye; or barley sown that he can cut a quanty of each day to soil his cows with, the flow of milk will not decrease. A patch of corn or sorghum can follow the green grain, or a patch of alfalfa will answer the same purpose. It needs no new testimony to prove that it pays to soil dairy cows. It has been conclu- sively proven time and again. A good wind- mill will supply water to irrigate enough green feed for half a dozen cows through the entire Summer, where they have the run of a pasture and stubble fields in addition. In order to have cows in- good order when the green grass starts in Winter, every farmer shoidd have stored a quantity of good hay to feed them twice a day. Even after the grass gets to be abundant enough to fill the stom- ach, it is found best to continue the feeding of hay. Cows that get plenty of good, nu- tritious hay, in addition to grass, never get sick and bloated on gi'ass, but keep healthy and give a maximum quantity of milk. Straw is not so good, as it is hard to digest and does not supply the nutriment needed. No cow can give a good quantity of rich milk unless her stomach is in good order, her digestion perfect, and the supply of food is of good quality and plenty of it. If the pasture is so short that it takes up her entire time during the day to collect enough, then she will not give a full quantity, for she needs a good deal of rest as well as food. A good feed of hay in the yard or stable when green feed is short, or a soiling of green grain or corn fodder when the feed gets dry in pasture, will make it all, right. A crop of vegetables, such as beets, squashes, etc., to feed when pastures fail in the Fall and early Winter, shpuld be consid- ered indisi^ensable. Bran is good at any time of the year, but good, sweet hay is just about as good as bran. It should be remembered that hay for cows should be cut when quite green; for horses, it is better cut later than for cows. For instance, if it is wheat hay, it should be cut when the grain is in blossom for cows, and when it is in milk for horses. A horse seems to require more solid feed; he chews his feed finer than a cow does. A cow can digest green hay, or hay cut when quite green, better than she can hard hay, or hay cut after the seed is formed. See that the cows have a plentiful supply of deitn water, as pure as possible, at all times. And bear in mind that it is economy to feed liberally, and that without a full supply of nu- tritious food there will be a failure in the quantity and quality of the milk. And an- other thing is important: It will not do to let cows got poor at any season. They must be kejit in good condition, or else they cauuot be expected to give a large yield of milk oven when feed is good and they have regained their lost flesh. VILLAINOUS LAND TRANSACTIONS. There is a good deal of villainy exposed nowadays. Investigating Committees are occasloually playing havoc with the designs of mean men, and either showing up their transactions, or preventing them from spring- ing the traps that they have set to defraud honest people. There is need enough for in- vestigation, it seems, in almost eveiy public department ; for wherever investigation is honestly conducted, there is almost sure to be found some rottenness. Perhaps in no instance was there ever found more blackness than has been and may be brought to light through the fraudulent land monopolies and grabs in California. We have just been looking through the Reports of the Joint Committees on Swamp and Overflowed Lands and Land Monopoly, presented at the Twentieth Session of the Legislature of California, 1874. A mass of testimony, taken before the Committees, is here given, together with short reports of the Committees themselves. We wish that this book of 354 pages could be placed in the hands of every person who takes interest enough in such matters to carefully peruse it. We obtained ours by addressing the Secretary of State, Sacramento, and paying the express- age on it to San Jose. We think that the parties who appear by the testimony rendered to be absolutely guilty of dishonesty and fraudulent transactions, should be held up to the peo))le in their true light, and be publicly jjublished for their villainy, that they may be known as dangerous and untrustworthy. There seems to be one ver}' prominent charac- teristic about these men who rob the people •and government : They do not often%ick the face to put themselves forward whenever they think there is a hope of gaining prestige, and making something out of the confidence po- sition can in any way give. For instance, wo notice that one of the most conspicuous amongst the villains who are pointed out by the Committee is one Josiah Earle, the same, we believe, that holds or has an office close to the Grange headquarters in San Francisco, and the same that has issued, for extensive circulation, a Grangers' Emigrants' Guide to California, with the expressed countenance of the Executive Committee of the State Grange of California. And this, too, for the appar- ent purpose of getting the confidence of the thousands who are looking towards California for homes, that they may seek the same through him. Now, we take the privilege of publishing a portion of the Report of the Swamp and Ovei-flowed Lands Committees, as showing their opinion of this fellow, founded upon the testimony given before them by several witnesses, that Grangers and other readers may form their own opinion of Josiah Earle, who would sail, under the Grange flag, as the Emigrants' Guide ? Your Committee is satisfied, from evidence, that the grossest frauds have been committed in swamp land matters in this State, but are unable to suggest proper remedies for lack of full information. A great amount of interest has attaclu'd to what is known as the •' Inyo Grab," attempted to be perpetrated by one Josiah Earle ; and as this is a ri;presentative outrage of a general class of operations, your committee has felt constrained to give the subject matter a thor- ough investigation. Suuimariziug the evi- dence, we find : That the speculator in this case is the Register of the United States Land Ofiiee, at Independence, Inyo County — a po- sition doubtless secured for the purpose of furthering his grand scheme of obtaimng land not sul:>ject to location under the swamj) land laws of the State, iMiless deception and fraud could be invoked to his assistance. This en- terprising gentleman made application for one hundred and thirty-three thousand acres in Inyo County, about twelve thousand acres of which we find, by abundant evidence, are covered by bona fide pre-emption and home- stead settlers, who have lived upon those lauds for j-ears, and many of whom are the oldest residents in the county. The lands were surveyed by the General Govei-nmeut some years since, and returned as high, which they unquestionably are, as tltere cap be no crops produced thereon iriWi- oiil e:rh-iisiL-( ami ojiixkinl hfriyution. 'J'his Mr. Earle (the applicant and Register in question) then made a peremptory demand upon Mr. Hardenbergh, the United States Surveyor General, for this State, for the privilege of naming a local Deputy United States Sur- veyor to do this particular work, and of course in the interest of his friend Earle. This, for- tunately for the unsuspecting settlers who knew nothing of it, was refused ; as, had it been done, there would have been but little hope of rediess for the settlers— had Earle been successful in procuring the selection of a tool ready to do his bidding in the segrega- tion as "swamp" of these high, dry lands; and as Earle had himself appointed Register of the United States Laud Othce, probably in order to exercise his ofScial position to fur- ther his personal interest in connection with this black and infamous transaction. In furtherance of the same line of policy, one Joseph Seeley, acting as Deputy County Surveyor, received and forwarded the applica- tions of Earle, and, to the mind of your com- mittee, must have been aware of the perjury committed by Earle, stating that the land was "swamp," and that, "to his actual knowl- edge no residents or claimants " were in pos- sesssion of the land. With a less honest or vigilant Surveyor General — one who, for instance, would have listened, with willing ear, to Earle's statement that " we can get all the land over there" — this outrageous attembt at fraud and robbery might have been practicable ; but the appUca- tions were refused, and the papers held for some hoped-for authorized examination. Necessarily your committee started in un- informed, and not until after tedious investi- gation could we be able to recommend such legislation as would effectually reah and eiu-e the gigantic evils which have grown out of the reckless land policy of the Government, and to provide a correction of the laws which have been so manifestly in the interest of the speculator. ■ »i 1^ . LOSS OF MOISTURE FROM THE SOIL. How to best utilize what moisture there is stored in the soil by winter rains, is a matter of much importance to farmers in this coun- try, where we cannot depend upon Summer rains, and especially in places where irrigation cannot be resorted to. t)ur grain fields should be so left that as little moisture as possible will escape through the surface soil into the air. We are satisfied that two or three inches of loose soil, left light and fine by harrowing, is bettor than to roll the last thing and leave the soil pressed down hard on tho surface. The loose soil will act as a mulching to the moist soil under- noatn, while tho soil that is pressed down will absorb the moisture from below and ex- IJOse it to the air to be licked up and carried :^=^^f California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. away by the winds. This, we are satisfied, is as true in practice an in theory, and we ac- cept it as a fact, notwithstantling some men may differ from us. All plants absorb moisture from the soil where they grow. Most weeds are greedy absorbents of water, and no weeds should be allowed to rob the water from grain-iields and orchards. It pays to go over grain-fields and pull out mustard, and to cultivate and hoe orchards and gardens as long as there is any sign of growing weeds. We call attention to experiments made in June, 1870, bj' Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert, of England, to ascertain not only the amount of water in land lying fallow, but also in that on which a crop of barley was growing. In making this experiment, each nine inches of earth, to the depth of four and a half feet, were separately tested. These analyses showed that an acre of dry soil three inches deep weighs 1,0(JO,UOO pounds or fiUO tons ; tilty-four inches deep weighs eighteen times as much, or 9, ODD tons ; when wet, about one-eighth more. The following table shows the per ceutage of water in the land at different depths : Fallnw land, Burluy land. Diffejence. iRt nine inchcB . . 2l),:llJ II.'.H H.« 2nd " " . . 2il..'>3 19. 32 10.21 3d " " . . 34,84 22.83 12.01 4th " " . . 34..-i3 2.5.09 9.23 Mb •' •< . . 31.31 2C 98 4.33 (ith " " . . 33..5D 20.83 7.17 Mean . . . 30.65 22.09 8.56 From these figures is appears that the bar- ley crop must have jjumped up and evapo- rated 1,035 tons of water per acre. Messrs, Lawes and Gilbert say : "As the excavation proceeded, barley roots were ob- served to have extended to a depth of between four and five feet, and the clayey subsoil ap- peared to be much more disintegrated and much drier where the roots Jiad penetrated than where they had not." Aside from the main subject of this article we can see plainly, by this experiment, one of the great advantages there is in SnilMEn-r ALLOWING. By summer-fallowing, that is, plowing the ground in the Spring and leaving the surface light, so that moisture cannot readily escape into the aij, and keeping weeds and jjlants from growing that will draw away moisture from the soil, nearly all the Winter's rains remain stored in the soil during the season to be added to by another rsiiny season. The great benefit of summer-fallowing, then, seems to be the supplying of such soils as are not thoroughly saturated by one season's rain, with two season's rain for one crop of gi-ain. At any rate, this is one very impor- tant consideration of summer-fallowing ; and crops can be grown by this means, where, with but one season's rain alone, they would dry out before maturity. When' grain is sown early so as to profit by all the moisture of win- ter weather, and the foliage covers the soil be- fore dry weather, the growing grain in a meas- ure protects the soil from drying sun and winds. M Farmers, White Your ExrEKiENCE.^It is not so much by publishing new theories, as by keeping tried and tested facts before its readers, that the agricultural press benefits the farmers, and there is no one but may contrib- ute something from his observation and expe- rience that will benefit his neighbor. A SAN JOSE PRUNE ORCHARD. Probably the best prune orchard in the world is that belonging to Mr, J, M. Patter- son, of San Jose. It is not a very extensive orchard — less than 2,000 trees — but it is a very profitable one. The trees, set in rich, moist, alluvial soil, 12 feet apart, are remark- ably thrifty, and produce crops of very supe- rior fruit. Last season 600 Gross Prune de Agen trees produced some twenty-five tons of fruit, woi'th, at wholesale, not less than four cents per poind, or $52,000. The fresh fruit brought, in 20- lb boxes, in New York, twenty- five cents per pound, and in San Francisco was worth, nicely packed in smaU boxes, from six to eight cents per pound. The same va- riety of prunes, pitted and dried by the Alden process, were sold here, wholesale, to an Eastern firm for thirty cents per pound, and thee pounds of green would make one of dried fruit. There were produced in the same orchard over five tons of the Petit Prune de Agen, a small, very sweet prune, and one in demand for its excellence. These are prized as drying prunes, and will only lose one-half by evapo- ration. The difference in flavor between this prune and the large Gross Prune de Agen is considerable: the small prune is very sweet, while the larger is quite tart for a prune. There were several tons of Damson plums and a quantity of Green Gages and other plums jsroduced in this orchard, all of very fine quality. Every Heason the fruit is thinned out nearly one-half when from one-quarter to one-half grown, to keep the trees from over- beariufj.' The advantage in this is, the trees are prevented from breaking and what fruit is left grows to a very large and uniform size. Mr. Patterson's experience in the pnine and plum business is valuable to himself, and would be to any one who contemplates going into the business of cultivating such fruit. He expresses the opinion that the Fellenberg is the very best prune for drying that has been yet produced. It is about as tari as the large prune, the pit separates freely from the fruit, and it dries very readily with little more loss than the small prune. The "American taste," as a nurseryman said lately, while we were talking upon this subject,- "demands tart frnits, and we have to be governed in our selections of varieties by this taste." With some exceptions, this is true; and probably a tart prune may be more in demand than the sweetest Petit Prune de Agen, although this fruit must always be in demand for its delicate flavor and sweet- ness. Mr. Patterson says that the genuine Green Gage plum will long be in good paying de- mand for canning and jelly. There is a large demand and ready market for almost any <]uantity of such in the States east of the mountains. There is such a demand, in fact, that the Imperial Gage is palmed oft" for the Green Gage in cans and jellies. Also there are counterfeit jellies that never saw a plum at all. This Mr. P. spoke of as most deplor- able, and a subject for investigation. Cali- fornia fruits are generally held, like California honey, as far superior to anything put up up East, and the business of putting up fruits here for the Eastern markets should be so firmly established in honest practice as to re- tidn its good name and make it remunerative and satisfactory. , Mr. Patterson says that there is a difference of two years in the bearing age of plum trees between the budded and grafted trees, the grafted trees bearing two years sooner than the budded ones. This is his experience. Grafted trees four years in orchard, set when one year old, bore ten pounds each. When the trees are eight to ten years old they will bear one hundred pounds to the tree on an average. T^n acres in plums and prunes, on suitable soil, are all that any one family would want or need. It would bring in a liberal in- come every year. Twelve feet distant (300 trees to the acre) is far enough apart to set plnm and prune trees in the orchard. When- ever a tree does not produce the variety of fruit wanted, he cuts the head off and grafts at once. It is poor policy to have trees in the orchard that do not produce the kinds that are profitable. Mr. Patterson is, this Spring, whitewashing the trunks of the trees up into the limbs as far as he can reach handily, to kiU all parasit- ic plants and insects. He is sure that lime wash does not injure the bark, but rather pro- tects it from heat and drying winds by its coating, to the advantage ol the tree. The surface soil is kept well cultivated, so as to prevent the waste of moisture from the lower soil by evaporatien and to keep all weeds from exhausting the moisture and richness of the soil. He does not prune heavily, but thina out the fruit. He is offered $2,000 a year for the fruit his orchard contains without further expense to himself than cultivating and caring for the trees. This, on about six acres of orchard, many of the trees of which are too young to bear much. HOW THEY LIKE THE AGRICUIc TURIST. We often receive cheering words from onr subscribers who renew their subscriptions. We do all we can to make a good, practical journal, and of course we like to see that our efforts are in a measure successful. A lady writing from Washoe, Nevada, and paying two years in advance, writes : We all like your paper very much, and feel that we can- not do without it. May you gain a rich re- ward for the noble stand you have taken and maintained pgainst intenqierance and other evils ; and that all true friends of Eight may aid you is our fervent prayer. Mr. J. T. Wood, of Carson, Nevada, pay- ing his subscription and sending a new one, writes : I believe there is not another paper in America that furnishes so miich useful reading for so small a subscription price. So long as I live you will have me for a friend and subscriber. You deserve to prosper, and no good man will keep you out of your sub- scription money. I wiU get some more sub- scribers. I consider it a loss to Nevada that the California Agricultukist has not a more extensive circulation here. Moses Hopkins, of Nicolans, Sutter Co., California, writes : " I prize your paper for California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. a its moral tone and anti-humbug sentimeuta, and take jileasure iu adding my name to the list another year." Another subscriber, Mr. W. E. Cooley, a farmer near Los Angelea, sends some new names and says ; "I am hoping to give your paper a start in this vicinity another year." We have many good friends amongst our subscribers who are practical, earnest men and women, and who are working to ad- vance the interests of the Aoricultukist. We need the assistance of all, for it is slow work to build up a paper on its merits alone, without the aid of every one who can lend a helping baud. Papers that are run in the interest of railroads, land monopolies and corporations, and cater to any interest that ©fl'ers pay, soon gain large circulations and are so upheld that success comes without a struggle. But a paper that hesitates not to attack any evil, and is conducted on principle, and is devoted singly to the greatest good of the honest portion of the community, does have a hard row to hoe, and if it cannot live and be made successful by the friends of rightful progress, it stands no show whatever. We have often said that we would sooner fail in a good cause than succeed in a bad one, but we rejoice that we are succeeding in a good cause, and owe much of that success to the good will and efforts of good people, our friends. FATTENING BEEF-CATTLE FOR MARKET. Last month we gave an account of A. N. Story's experience iu fattening cattle on his farm. We then stated that this Spring his cattle would not bring the usual price — 10 to 12 cents on foot — owing to an abundance of good feed and fat beef elsewhere. He has brought us an account of fifty head, sold at 7 cents on foot. He never before got less than IU cents on foot for such beef at this season of the year. But notwithstanding the low price of beef this excejitional year, figures will show that Mr. Story is ahead on the enterprise. For the fifty head of cattle, the price paid, reckoning all losses out, did not exceed twenty dollars per head, or $1,000. The cat- tle, when fattened, averaged 700 pounds each, at 7 cents, $4!) per head, or $2,450, which left $1,450 to pay for feeding. Mr. Story's farm of about 380 acres will fatten 100 head a year, besides raising other stock enough, with a di- versity of products, to pay running expenses. At 7 cents this would be $2,900 a year income. But 11 cents has heretofore been the average price of his fat cattle iu the Spring. Reck- oning them at 10 cents and the weight at 700 pounds, 100 head fattened each year, aud the figures will stand thus : 100 head cost $20 each— $2,000 ; 100 head bring $70 each— $7,000 ; increase in value — $5,000. We have reckoned no interest on money invested, nor Mr. Story's time, as every farmer has to put in his own time somehow. The way he man- ages, his expense for hired help is not heavy. Mr. Story always has hay or grain to sell, and is not confined altogether for resources to his cattle. Let any farmer reckon for him- self, and he will see that raising and fatten- ing stock, in connection with hay and grain fanning, will pay. fym^mitntt. The Cultivation of the Olive in Cali- fornia. BY JOHN D. SCOTT, M. D. M — Q|j7r)s. Aonicui/TUEisT : The visitor to this Jjl. State is as much astonished as delighted (y^ to Bee the groves of evergreen olive o^ trees in and about the old missions so common in California. The cultivation of this beautiful and valuable tree has ever been associated in his mind with the siinny vales of France and the balmy airs of Italy. He forgets for a moment that the great Pacific Ocean Stream, bubbling Tip from the Torrid zone and laving and warming these AVestern shores, is doing for us what the Gulf Stream in the East, flowing across the Atlantic, does for Western Europe. It is well known that whilst England, France, Portugal .and Spain are basking in warm sunshine. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick .and the New England States, in the same latitudes, are shiveriug iu the frigid grasp of Winter. A similar cause pro- duces the same efTect here. Whilst we are enjoying an Italian climate, our minister to China writes us that the denizens of the so- called Flowery Kingdom are bound fast in the icy fetters of Winter. It seems, then, to be one of the great climatic laws of our globe that the isothermal lines shall rise to very high latitudes on the Western borders of the two great continents, whilst they fall very low on the Eastern, giving a mild and genial climate to Western Europe and Western Amer- ica, and a frozen one to Eastern America and Eastern Asia. These trees were planted here by the Jesuit Fathers over three quarters of a century ago. Whilst Europe was being bathed in the blsod of unholy and mad ambition, these noble, self-sacrificing men, tossed by the stormy waves of two oceans, or daring the untried perils of a trackless continent, were here in these Western wilds endeavoring to establish the Kingdom of the Prince of Peace — their sword the Word of God, their Stand.ard the Cross. What more appropriate selection could they have made from the vegetable kingdom to remind them of their own native Italy, " Land of arts nnd arniB, Where Nntiire spreads her rit-hest charms," than the olive? — first harbinger of dry land at the Deluge, and ever after deemed the em- blem of peace. Whilst the stately monu- ments of conquerors and kings will crumble into dust, the olive alone, ever self-producing and self-peqietuating, which these Pioneer Fathers first planted , hero will keep their names and unselfish deeds as green in the memories of men as the emerald leaves upon its own boughs. The simple children of forest and plain whom they were accustomed to gather around their holy altars for morn- ing and evening worship, are scattered and gone ; the mission villages they established are lading into the dim twilight of historj', and even the stately temples of God, so sacredly cherished and so elaborately adorned with the painted scenes of the Apostolic age, are fast crumbling into the dust wlicucc they arose. But the olive will never die. Having found a soil as congenial, aud a climate and skies as warm and beautiful, as ever blessed its native Italy, it will go on increasing in numbers and usefulness until the teeming millions of the Pacific shall rise up and call its first propagators "blessed." There are many hundreds of these trees now flourishing and in full bearing in the various missions in this State. They have proved hardy and productive, so that their cultivation here is not a matter of venture or experiment. If the recommendation was now first made to plant the olive — if we were called on to send to France or Italy for our first trees, at great risk and expense, to enter upon an uncertain aud untried business, there would be great reason for hesitating in follow- ing the advice. But, as we have indicated above, all these experiments have been made for us, and they have j^roved eminently suc- cessful. The trees grow here thriftily, bear abundantly, and many hundreds of gallons of oil are profitably manufactured from them yearly. In addition to its commercial, the Olive has an ornamental value. Its perpetual verdure is most grateful to the eye, its shade is dense and cooling, aud when loaded with its dark purple berries, it presents the appearance of millions of jets set in oceans of emer.ild green. The trees are easily, cheaply and rapidly propagated by pieces of the roots, suckers, seeds, or cuttings. The latter mode is most generally adopted. A trench is dug six or eight inches deep, and the soil thrown out on one side. On this inclined bank cuttings about a foot long and from one to one and a half inches in diameter, are laid about afoot apart. The ditch is now fiUed up and the soil drawn up to near the top of the cuttings. But one stem is permitted to grow. The soil is kept loose about the young trees and free from weeds. Thej' are watered occasionally, and at three years old they are ready for the orahard. Their distance apart is 3G feet in light, hilly soil ; in rich soil, 48 feet. Vegetables, corn, beans, and other light crops may be cul- tivated in the inter-spaces to help to pay ex- penses until the olives come into full bearing. They begin to bear here in the sixth year, sometimes earlier, and the fruit maj' be pro- fitably gathered aud couverted into oil about the tenth or twelfth year. Would it not be advisable for our fruit-cul- turists, in setting out orchards, to give an olive tree every fourth space? WTien the short-lived trees shall have perished, the olive will be in full bearing, and will constitute an inheritance of incalculable value. A full- grown tree produces from 50 to 75 gallons of oil annually, which at $4.50 per gallon would far outstrip in value any other fruit tree — the far-famed Los Angeles oraugo not excepted. Some exceptional trees have been known to yield 300 galhms each in a yeai', which would be worth more than the whole annual product of some farms that we are acquainted with. As the oil contains the same principles as fresh butter — oUin uud )nariffirin — its universal use in the south of Eurojie, in all culinary preparations, is at once obvious. The peojilo there use it iu the thousands of ways iu which we hero use pork, bacon, lard and butter. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. The reason why it is looked upon with so nmch repugnance by our people is that we Tery seldom see a fresh article. When it reaches us it is generally old and strong, and consequently unpalatable. There is as much difference between the freshly pressed oil, which has a sweet, nutty flavor, and that which we see geuerally in our market, as there is between nice, new-made butter, just from the churn, and the strong, rancid article "old enough to speak for itself." Hence, to popularize its use, it must be raised in our own country, when a healthy and valuable article of food will be added to our produc- tions. We cannot have too many food pro- ducts. ** We know not what a day may bring forth." A nation, to be truly independent, must not only be so politically, but gastro- iiomically. Full stomachs are deadly foes to bread riots. France lost nearly all her olive trees from cold in the years 170U and 178H. The frosts of that country sometimes kill the extremities of the the bearing limbs, thus cutting off the crop entirely for that year or very much di- minishing it. Neither of these accidents have ever been known to happen here, so that, with full crops every year at a fair remuner- ation, that ijrofit would be greatly enhanced in cases of partial or total failure of crops in Europe. Prior to the disastrous year of 1788 France consumed $15,00(),U0U worth of oil, yet was compelled to import $6,U0(),0U(I more to supply her home demand. England im- ported, in the year 1830, 2,791,0.57 g.illons. In 1850 the United States imported !f91,600 worth; in 1855, $1(;5,173, and in 1859 $535,- 975. Some idea may be formed of its com- mercial value when it is knowu^that the little kingdom of Naples exports annually 7,300,000 gallons. Now, as the olive is a sea-side tree and grows to absolute perfection in all our southern coast counties, a very short calcula- tion would go to show that, with a little fore- sight and industry, California would soon become the oil mart of the world, as Italy is to-day; for each one of our coast counties would make, perhaps, half a dozen Napleses. And this need not be at the expense of the rich wheat laud of our valleys, for the olive is known to flourish equally well, if not bet- ter, on rolling, rocky lands, of which we have millions of acres in our foot-hills that could not be applied to a better purjjose. And when these acres shall have been covered all over with olive trees, in full bearing, the question as to "what shall we do with our boys and girls?" will be of easy solution in the short and appropriate answer "Set them to picking olives." The olive tree is of extraordinary longevity. Some are known to be 400, others 7U0 years old at the present time, and bid fair to flour- ish for many centuries yet to come. There are some in Italy which are supposed to have been in existence since the time of Pliny. Others still linger about the Mount of Olives, but whether they ever extended their shelter- ing boughs over the kneeling Savior, history, perhaps, will ever be silent. Its timber constitutes one of the most valu- able of woods. It takes a high pohsh, and is greatly prized by cabinet-makers. It is used extensively in in-laying with other valu- able woods. The wood of the root, when polished, presents a marbled appearance, and is used for making snuff-boxes, dressing cases and other ornamental articles. Dried, pickled and preserved olives are used as food. The bark and leaves are used in medicine as astringents, tonics and febrifuges. The gum i*siu which exudes from the trees is used in perfumery. The oil makes very superior castile and toilet soaps. It forms an important ingredient in hair- oils, cosmetics, plasters and ointments. Large quantities of it are used in woolen mills in dressing cloth. Before the discovery of petroleum, it was universally used for illuminating purposes. Jewelers use the finest of the oil in lubri- cating their watch and clock works. Mixed half and half --i'lth lime water, it forms one of the best applications for burns and scalds. Every family should keep a bot- tle of this mixture on hand in case of emer- gency. Rubbed all over the body, it is said to have afforded protection from the plague; but whether this be true or not, its external use is growing rapidly in favor with the regular profession in diseases of the chest, bowels and joints. Extreme unction, as it might be called in these cases, has been known to act like a charm in the last stage of croup, when everything else had failed to afford relief. It is a valuable antidote to a great many poisons, and is believed to act efBciently in this way in poisonous doses of strychnine. With so many uses for it already, and when we manufacture a sweet home article to be universally used in our culinary preparations as it is used in Europe, there is not much danger of our over stocking the market with oil, at least for several centuries to come. There are different varieties of the olive, as there are of the api^le and pear. These are perpetuated by cuttings, grafts or buds. New varieties may be produced by planting the pits, just as in the case of plums and peaches. Those who have the means and leisure could not employ their time more beneficially to their country or profitably to themselves (since the late act of Congress securing abso- lute ownership to new varieties of fruit) than to plant the seeds and raise new varieties of this beautiful and valuable tree. No long or tedious process, no expensive machiuerj' is required to secure the oil. A cheap .ipparatus, something like our old cider mills, bruises the fruit from the stones and reduces it to a soft pulp. This is separated from the pits and placed in a common lever or screw press, when the oil is gradually forced out of it. The pits are afterwards enished and afford an inferior article. The oil is received into wooden or earthen vessels where it is permitted to stand from twelve to twenty-four hours to allow the mucilage to settle. The oil is then carefully poured off' into barrels, where it rests twenty days, when it parts with any remaining impurities. The oil cake is broken up, mixed with warm water and subjected to a second pressure, when an additional quantify is -obtained equal to the first. The refuse is then converted into a valuable fertilizer, so that nothing is lost. One huudi'ed pounds of olives produce about twenty-seven pounds of oil. Mr. James Lick, the great California phil- anthropist and millionaire, with that peculiar foresight which enabled him to amass a colossal fortune, did not overlook the olive. With that prescience which has distinguished him in all his firiancial operations, he early foresaw the immense value of this industry and planted an olive orchard of several hun- dred trees on his place adjoining this city on the southwest, which is just now coming into bearing, at about nine years old. He pro- poses to begin, next season, the manufacture of oil. Far down in the distant future, when these trees shall have attained their full growth, and produce thousands of gallons of oil annually, men will assemble beneath their cool and refreshing shade and, without a dis- senting voice, will pronounce that olive orch- ard one of Mr. LickJs best and most produc- tive investments. The expectation of sudden riches has hith- erto been the bane of California. The fabu- lous mineral wealth of the country in the flush times of '49, and the almost equally wonderful advance in real estate, have well nigh turned men's minds. They are even now loth to enter the trodden paths of patient indu-stry. But the lessening chances of spec- ulation, the fall of interest and the rapid increase of a competitive population with Eastern ideas of business, are fast producing I that equilibrium which alone guarantees a sound and permanent basis of prosperity. Far-sighted business men are learning to be content with a less, because a more certain, profit. Instead of running after bonanzas, they are investing their surplus funds in lands, buildings and manufactures. And among their profitable investments there is none bet- ter than the planting of olive orchards. Be- sides, this is in the line of that diversified industry which can only render a people great, rich and truly independent. Many of the lower animals, with a wonder- ful instinct, lay up provisions for the imme- diate future, but man, with higher intellectual endowments and a loftier ambition, lays up treasures, not only for the immediate, but for the remote future. This looking forward — this anticipation of the wants of coming gen- erations, can only be indulged in by beings "longing for immortality." This laudable attempt to perpetuate ourselves in the physi- cal surroundings of earth is but an exponent and measure of the "divinity within us," and the more this wise forethought is exercised, the higher we rise in the scale of excellence. Then plant the olive for the future — plant it for posterity — plant it for the coming millions — erect for yourself a monument that will out-last empires — plant the tree that produces the oil of gladness that it may be poured ujMm the "troubled waters" of the future — plant the emblem of peace. San Jose, Aj^ril, 1875. Curious Epitaphs. BY ELISA E. ANTHONY. Eds. AoKictri-TURisT : I send yon a few epi- taphs, humorous and curious, which I found in an old book lately, some of which may afford your readers as much amusement as they did me. The following epitaph was written by Franklin many years before his death : " Tlie body of Benjaiuin Franklin, printf r, (like the cover of an old book, its contents torn out, and stript of its letters and gilding) lies bere. food fur worms; yet the work itself shall not bo lost, for it will (as he believes) appear once more in a new and more beauti- ful edition, corrected and amended by the Author." Fuller, the well-known author of British Worthies, wrote his own epitaph as it appears in Westminster Abbey. It consists of but four words, but it si)eaks volumes; " Here lies Fuller's earth." Byron's misauthopy vented itself in an epi- taph on his Newfoundland dog, which he concluded with the following lines: " To mark a friend's remains these stones arise; I never knew but one, and here be lies." The following is a copy of an epitaph in the church-yard at North Shields, which has been the subject of much laughter to many persons on account of its absurdity: " In menrory of James Bell, of North Shields, who died mth of January, 1763, aged 42 years. Margaret, widow of the abi>ve ssiid James Bell, died Dec. Wth, aged 49 years. She was wife after to Wm. Fenwick. of North Shields." The following lines were -written underneath it with a pencil: " As in the Scriptures it is said. No marriages in heaven are made. It Seems that M.nrgarel*s ghost did go To Pluto's drearv realms below. "NN'tiere she. poor soul, not long had tarried Till her friend Will and her gt»t marrietL" The following quaint epitaph is copied from a church-yard in Finsbury, near Chatham : "Time was I stood as thou dost now. And viewed Trie dead as thou dost me: Ere long thou'It lie as low as I. And others stand to look on thee." How true is the above! The following is an inscription on a tomb- stone in JIassachusetts. It is beautiful: •' I came in the morning^it was Spring, And I smiled; I walked out at noon — it was Summer, And I was glad; I sat me down at even — it was Autumn, And I was sad; I laid me down at night— it was Winter, Arid I slept." VjJ>^^jg^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. A geutleman traveliug iu Europe copied the following lines from a tombstone in a grave- yard in Lluugollcu, North Wales: " Our life in but b Winter day — Snme ouly bruakfaHt and away; Others to ditincr stav, anil lue well fed; The oiliest man but HiipB and RoeK to bed; Who Koee the aooucBt has the leaat to pay." In Luton Church-yard, Bedfordshire, an nncourtly voice from the dead to the living sj^eaks as follows: " Reader, I have left a world In which I liad much to do, Swciitinti and fretting to get rich— JuHt such a fool as you." San Jose, March, 1875. |ii0U0cIioltl fvCiidittg, m A Farmer's Wife I'll Be. [[. I nm a wild and laughing giri, just turned of ' Bweet sixteen, IIL Ab full of fim aud mischief as any you have seen. And wiien I aril a woman grown no city beaux for nie. If e'er I marry in my life, a farmer's wife I'll be. I love a country life : I Irive a joyous breeze ; I love to hear the singing birds among the lofty trees. The lowing herds, thu bleating flocks make music sweet for nje. If e'er I marry iu my life, a farmer's wife I'll bo. I love to feed the chicltelis. I love to feed the cow;- I love to hear the farmer's boy whistling at his jdow : And fields of corn and waving griun are pleasing sights for mc. If e'er I marry iu my life, a farmer's wife I'll be. I love to see the orchards where the golden apples grow ; I love to walk in meadows where sparkling streanrlets How. The fliiwery banks and shady nooks have many charms for me. If e'er 1 marry in my life, a farmer's wife I'll be. Let other girls who Jove it best, enjoy the gloomy town. And dusty streets and dirty walks to ramble up and clown ; But flowery fields, and shady woods, and starry skies for Hie. If e'er I marry in my life, a farmer's wife I'll be. — [K. V. R. M. Beautiful maidens— aye, nature's fair queens, Some in your twenties and some in your teens, Seeking accomplishluents wurtliy your aim, Htriviug for learning, thirsting for fame. Taking such pains with the style of yoiir hair, Keepingyour lily complexions so fair, Miss not this iteni in all your gay lives — Learn to keep house, you may one day be wives. Chats With Farmers' Wives and Daughters — No. 5. BY "JEWELL." Now, girls, I want you to feel, that iu re- couiitiDg the experiences of this pet farmer's wife of mine, I am simply showing what any one of you may do when you marry a farmer, provided you only begin right. But to ex- pect the present farmer's wife to change her mode of life, or to suppose the old farmer willing to allow of such a change, is not to be thought of ; and yet it could be done, pro- vided the icill was strong enough to do it. This is the story she told me of her experi- ence in farm Itfe : When my husband concluded to go to farming I opposed it — had never lived on a farm and knew nothing of it save its hard- ships as I had seen them. So we compro- mised by saying I should have only one hired man to cook for, and only as many cows and chickens as I cared to see to myself. I have a fine lot of fowls and make butter from half a dozen good cows, and always get the best prices ; making more money than many who keep twice the number. It is now four years since we started, and if we don't grow rich as fast as some of our neighbors, neither of us are broken down and life baa not been robbed of all of its joys. In haying time and harvesting the grain, we let the work out by contract some years, we putting uiJ a tent and the men feeding themselves. Once we hired the men and fur- nished rations for them to cook, but it did not work so well' Two years in succession we had the same men come to us. We have two meals a day the year round — breakfast at eight and dinner at two. In summer there was a good two hours work before breakfast and no complaint from any good man. Also, there is always plenty of cooked food in the puntry for a supper if any one wants ; but I felt it a duty to myself and children, and would not sacrifice all for money. A living we are sure of. Our expenses are light, though we subscribe for as many books and liapers as we can read ; but I buy few fine clothes — we don't need them, aud I don't as- j)ire to dress as city ladies do, biit ouly for my work and comfort — one suit a year to go to town in is enough. Such is the substance of her experience, which I thought good at the time, and the older I grow the more practical I believe it to be. The idea that a farmer or his wife should be obliged to work earlier and laWr than any other laborer is simply absurd. I know they do, but does that make it right ? I also know that if they would put the night into work as well as the day they would accomplish more srill. Why don't they do it ? They say plants set out at night flourish best. Their answer and mine is, that nature requires rest. If so, then take it — don't overwork if you don't get rich so fast ; better be poor aud ro- bust than rich and broken down — unable to enjoy life. And right here let me answer " M. E. O. W." who, I see, takes me up on the "two- meal" question, she believing that farmers need to eat oftener than other people. I will reply by saying that what has been done can be done again. I know of a farmer in New York State who for years has practised the two-meal system with perfect success — ■ cooking no meat either, aud the same gang of men would return three or four years to har- vest, liking the plan and food, saying they worked easier and accomplished more than under the old system. 1 do not give my own experience simply because I am a looker-on, and know no more about the success or fail- ure of either plan than "M. E. O. W." her- self, who only tries one way and condemns the other. I do know from observation, how- ever, that most farmers practise the three- meal system and believe it the only way to do. Under the two-meal system, with a sim- ple, light lunch in the evening when needed, the necessary number of hours' labor can be done in the field during the day with less trouble. More rest for limbs and stomach can be taken and enjoyed. Under the three- meal system how about the wives 1 Where does the rest come in to them I I dined with one the other day, and took notes. The wife had been busy and on her feet since early daylight, and besides getting dinner over the hot stove, waited on the family and helped the children, never sitting down till the men- folks had finished eating and left, when she sat down at the table a few minutes, ate a little cold potato and fried bacon, bread and butter, drank a cup of tea and was ready to clear the dishes off aud begin work again. This woman has China help provided too ; but then there is plenty for all to do, she says, with dairying, cooking, etc. No wonder the nursing baby gets fed with bread and milk while mother is busy getting dinner ; no wonder the child thrives better on rested cow's milk than on the iired moth- er's milk ; and no wonder that so many of our farmers' wives bring their babies up on the bottle nowadays. Amongst the , wives in one Grange that I know of, out of seven babies born during the past six or eight months, five are being brought up on the bottle. The mothers are unable to nourish their babies after birth. Query — Can they be perfectly nourished before ? How is this for blooded stock, Farmers ? What would you say to a breed of cows that could bear but not suckle their young ? I do not say a word against the labor of man 'or woman. All is ennobling, provided they do not do too much of it. Dish-washing is as truly necessary and as fine as any other duty when it is well done. The kitchen is, or should be, as truly genteel as the parlor, aud every room in the house should be a part of a perfect home. I have seen ladies in the jjarlor whose dis- cords on a piano wrung my heart, and a poor excuse in the kitchen is just as bad. But bringing the matter to a practical point — sure- ly ,by bad management or something wrong in theory, our farming population are not generally the most healthful, the best pro- vided for, the most intelligent nor the hap- piest, indoors or out. They snould be, and may be, too, it the best system of labor, eat- ing, rest, recreation, etc., are adopted aud in- telligently lived, in accordance ^^•ith reason and right. Hints upon the Subject of Training Children. What to Teach. — The child should be taught that his eyes, ears, hands, all the or- gans of his body, all the faculties of bis mind are his servants, anil that it is his business to see to it that they serve him faithluUy, that they report accurately what is passing about him aud respond promptly and fully to his demands. Such sentences as "I didn't no- tice," " I heard but I don't remembta-, " have no business in a child's vocabulary. He should be taught to apprehend clearly, that _ to say "I forgot" is ouly another way of saying " I did not care enough to remember." Educate the faculties to prompt action, teach the senses to respond fully to every impres- sion made upon them. When you give a command or communicate a thought to a child, secure his attention, use the simplest and most direct terms and do not repeat Ihem. Supi'i tluous words are deiin>rali/ing uiul reiter- ation a bid for iuattentiuu. Some uf us are born clods ; more of us become so through vi<'ious training. Jliike the child sell-con- scous and you have established an enduring feud bi'tween him and his ^capabilities. Henceforth his feet are an embarrassment to him, aud no nuuiber of pockets is adequate to the satisfactory bestowid of his hands. He fancies all i^yes are tipon him, and his very blood tmns mutinous and Hies in his face without just cause or provocation. It is his right to be unconscious ; to develop from within outward as sweetly and unostcuta- f( California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. tiously as a flower ; not to be thrust into not- ice V)y hiivint; his snyiugs and doings repeated in his presence, nor snubbed into silence und conscious inferiority by being constantly re- minded that "children should be sceu and not heard." Hardly anything is moro essen- tial in the management of children than the tiudly ign(.>riug eye that does not notice too much. I pity the child who is the centi'e of a blindly doting or injuiticiously critical fam- ily, whose every saying is repeated, every act commented upon, and where, in consequence, naturalness is imijossible. Polite Childeev. — " Thankyou, Ch.arlic," said ilrs. Brown, as her little sou handed her a jiaper he was requested to bring. "Thankyou, Bridget," said the little fel- low a few hours after, as he received a glass of water from his nurse. "Well, Mrs. Brown, you have the best mannered children I ever saw," said a neigh- bor. "I should be thankful if mine were as po- lite to me as yours are to the servants. You never speud half the time on your children's clothes that I do, and yet every one notices them, they are so well-behaved." " We always try to treat our children po- litely," was the tpiiet reply. This was the whole secret. When I hear parents grumbliug about the ill-manners of their children I always wish to ask, "Have you always treated them with politeness 'i" llauy parents who are polite and polished in their manners toward the world at large ai'e perfect boors inside the home circle. If a stranger offer the slightest service he is gratefully thanked ; but who ever remembers to thus reward the little tireless feet that are traveling all day long, up-stairs and down, on countless errands for somebody ? It would be policy for parents to treat their children po- litely for the sake of obtaining more cheerful obedience, if for no other reason. The cost- less use of an " If you please " and " I thank you," now and then, will go far to lighten an otherwise burdensome task. Say to your son, "John, shut that door," and with a scowl, he will move slowly towards it and shut it with a bang. The next time say, "John, will you shut the door, please ?" and he will hasten with a smUe to do your bidding. Putting Childkento Bed.— We have seldom seen anything more impressively appropriate than the suggestion made by an exchange rel- ative to the manner of putting children to bed without rejjroof for any of that day's sins of omission or commission. Take any time but bed-time for that. If you ever heard a little creature sighing and sobbiug in its sleeji, you could never do this. Seal their closing eyes with a kiss and a blessing. The time will come when, all too soon, they will hvy their heads upon the piUow lacking both. Let them then, at least, have this sweet mem- ory of a happy childhood, of which no future sorrow or trouble can rob them. Give them their rosy youth. Nor need this involve wild license. 'The judicious parent will, not so mistake my meaning. If you have ever met the man or the woman whose eyes have sud- denly filled when a little child has crept trustingly to its mother's breast, you may have seen one in whose childhood's home "dignity" and "severity" stood where love and pity should have been. Too much indul- gence has ruined thousands of children — too much love not one. Kememeer. — Whatever yon wish your chil- dren to be, be it yourself. If you wish them to be happy, healthy, sober, truthful, affec- tionate, honest and moral, be yourself all these. If you wish them to be lazy, and sulky, and liars, and thieves, and drunkards, and swearers, be yourself all those. As the old cock crows, the young one learns. You will remember who said, "Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it." And you may, as a general rule, as soon expect to gather grapes from thorns or figs from thistles, as to get good, healthy, happy children from dis- eased, lazy and wicked parents. % Scolding.— What good does scolding do ? It does no one the least service, but it creates infinite mischief. Scolded servants never do their work well. Their tempers are roused, as well as the mistress's, and they very often fail in their duties at awkward moments, sim- ply to spite her and to "serve her out." Very wrong in them, doubtless ; but human nature is trail, and service is a trying institu- tion. It does no good to husband or child, for it simply empties the house of both as soon as possible. — N. Y. Observer. ^im\\ |5vcc(lcv. utility Above Fancy in Breeding. # F wo were to judge of the character of our stock breeders by the prices occasionally paid for fancy animals under the influ- ence of unusual competition or wild ex- citement, as at the New York Mills sale of last year, for instance, we should undoubtedly do great injustice to the average American breeder, who is, after all, a thorough ntilita- rian, and knows that real merit will win, in the long run, in this, as in every other kind of business. Mr. J. H. Pickerell, of Illinois, the newly elected President of the American Association of Short-horn Breeders, is one of the right kind of men to bring the ideas and practices of the Short-horn breeders down to a solid, hard pan foundation, if they are in need of such training, as it has certainly seemed to us that they have been for a year or two past. His lecture, delivered at the annual conven- tion of Short-horn breeders at Springfield, Hi., last January, is one of the most sound and sensible iiroductions we have read on the subject of breeding for a long while, and we commend it to the attention of breeders every- where. No one who breeds Short-horns intelligent- ly, either with an eye to profit or pleasure, but has his fancy, both as regards the real, living, moving animal, and the j)aper Short- horn, with pure ancestry pedigreed. Then there are particular fancies in regard to the horns, their size, shape, length, color; points in or points out, points up or points down ; fancies about fhe nose, its shape, size and color — tints that the skin should be; size of the head, length of the face, width, etc. Then the jaws, eyes, ears, throat-latch, etc. The same in regard to long necks and short necks, thick necks and slim necks, chubby necks, etc. ; shoulders set right or obliquely, thick or thin, heavy or light, rough or smooth, points bare or covered ; brisket prominent, smooth, wide, narrow, low down, plump or flabby; crops thick or thin, sharp, high or low; thick or light "through the heart," long ribs or short ribs, high sprung or low sprung, ribbed up close or long coupled; thick loins or light ones; same of hips and flanks (fore and aft); rumps up or down, square or peaked, long or short, smooth or straight; quarters long or short, square or cut in; twist full or straight, twisted in or twisted out; hind legs long or short; bones fine or coarse, straight or crook- ed; tail fine or coarse, long or short, with the bush do.; white or red; hide thick or thin, mellow or hard, yellow or white; hair coarse or fine, long or short, thin or "full of hair." Then the color, from plain white to fancy red, with all the tints and shades imaginable between the two. Then the general "make- up" and finish, as a whole; style and carriage. Fancies about pedigree, whether of this stain {or family) or of that; whether one cross, six crosses, or sixteen, makes a thoroughbred, or a full-blooded; wether, if the dam runs to a certain starting point, with the sire of some other blood, makes it more of that family or vice versa; or whether, if the pedigree is right, it makes any difference about the animal at all. Then there are prejudices in favor of and against everything named, and many more, perhaps. How far do these things bear out, for or against, the real or useful, to their advantage or disadvantge'i" That's tLe question. The intrinsic value of the horns, is, per- haps, about twenty cents — worth but little to the animal for protection, as a "muley" fre- quently masters the whole herd. Their real value is as an index to the breeder, which is very frequently — nearly always by our award- ing committees at our fairs — taken the wrong way. As many a good animal has been dis- carded, thrown out, or sacrificed, for having a heavy horn — placed behind an animal hav- ing a delicate, steer horn — when, perhaps, in real merit the first had hundreds of pounds of meat in valvable parts more than thuilt their comb to the skel- eton ribs in the same geological forms that bees of the present day build theirs. This may be instinct, the same that characterizes many of their other operations; but I have never yet found the economy of the hive to be governed by invariable law. Many of their actions and operation seem to be actuated by a higher instinct, bordering on the principle of cause and effect. Who of us is always capable of drawing the exact line of demarka- tion between instinct and reason? — /. P. II. Broimi, in Our Ucmie Journal. Shade for Bees. — My observation and rea- soning have led me to the conclusion that shade is an advantage, and a decided one, to bees. I do not mean a dense shade, but one partially relieved by sunshine, such as bees left to themselves "vould and do naturally se- lect— in the tops or upper part of trees, in a forest, seldom if ever the lower, humid part of the wood. Why is this? Evidently because bees require a temperate condition of the ut- mo.sphere, neither too cold nor too warm, too damp or too dry, too light or too dark. These three conditions are of importance, and it should be the business of the bee keeper to aim at securing them. I presume no one will pretend that they are a disadvantage; that an excessively hot or an extremely cold season is a favorable one; that bees will do well in a season of severe drouth or great humidity, or with little sunshine to enliven them. The point is not alone the abundance of honey to be collected, but the condition and inclination of the bees to gather it. Bees prefer to be undisturbed; require harmony in the hive, and a fiivorable condition of the atmosjjhere. There are many other things that have an in- fluence on bees, so that we see that it is not alone good pasturage that is required. How- ever mui'h honey there is to be gathered, on a wet day little is done. The same is the case with an extreme of cold, and to a certain ex- tent with excessive heat ; but not so much with the latter, as bees on the wing or in col- lecting honey, feel less the solar influence. This brings mo back to my iioint, the locality, the habitation of the bees, which is different from its range. The one has air, freedom; the other combines heat, if the hive is jilaced in the sun, and especially on a southern in- dication with the wind warded off. Such a situation I have found generally to be unfav- orable. I say generally, as there are cool and otherwise favorable seasons that are excep- tions, in which colonies so situated hare done well. . But how can the favorable atmospheric con- ditions be secured? Nothing is easier. An orchard or a grove will do it. It needs only part shade, piu-t sunshine. This tempers the rays of the sun, and secures the necessary moisture in a drouth, and also leaves a chance for the escape of an excess of hiimidity. There is a protection, and the encotiragement which boes seem to derive from the presence of trees — perhaps from their long habit of as- sociation with them. Here there is no melt- ing heat concentrated on the hive. Itiscom- jjaritively cool inside and pleasant without. The best success I have ever known with bees has been in orchards and shaded door- ways, unless I except a few cases in the woods, where wild swarms turned out the most honey. Now there are some seasons in which the exposed hives will do as well as those pro- tected by trees, and even better sometimes — when there is a lack of sun, for instance. But take the seasons on an average, and the dif- ference is decidedly in favor of protection. I am persuaded that an elevated range is, on the whole, better than a low place or valley. — Counlry Gentleman. Bees, Wasps and Gkapes. — Some persons imagine that the bees injure fruits, and es- pecially grapes. They are greatly in error. It is useless to insist on the part taken by bees and hornets in the prejudice done to our vineyards. First let us consult the books. I do not find a siujle book on agriculture, hor- ticultnx'e, fruit or grape culture, that does not cit« the wasp among noxious insects that should be fought incessantly and mercilessly; while not a single book mentions as such the industrious honey bee, whose vindicator I now am. The wasp pierces the fniits; to the grapes it leaves nothing but the skin and the seeds. The bee only profits by those spoils; for she usually goes from blossom to blossom, gather- ing honey in gardens and fields. If at times she is seen in orchards and viaeyards, where she only goes after the wasps, it is only to gather the remains of the feast. Curious experiments have been tried, it ap- pears: Some sound fruits were placed simul- taneously within the reach of both wasps and bees, the former have soon achieved the their work of destruction, while the latter stars'ed to death. Therefore bees do not eat grapes. So, it is with i^rofound conviction that I say to those who wish, if not to prohibit, at least to render impossible the establishment of hives in the neighborhood of large cities, under the fal- lacious pretext that they destroy grapes. Ke- spect the bee, since she respect our fruits; let her Uve in peace near us, she never will be ungrateful. Is she not the mysterious instru- ment that helps and facilitates the phenome- non of the fertilization of flowers, and per- haps produces those innumerable and beautiful varieties by carrying pollen from the calyde of one into that of another? Is she not the living image of work, and gives us the perfumed honey and the wax that we use so diversely? Respect the hives, leave them where the industrious genius of man placed them, for they are a source of wealth for the roof that shelters them, and for the country that nour- ishes them. — Buclier du Sud Utccsl. Alwats feed your bees for two orthree days after they have swarmed, be the weather fair or foul. They will repay your attention and your liberaUty with usury, before the season is over. Human Nature in Checkers. An aged couple were verj- fond of checkers, and played qviite frequently. When be beat she lost her temper.and declared she wouldn't play again. It vexes him to have her act so, but he controls the in'itation, and talks to her about it. He tells her how wrong it is for people at their ago in life to be disturbed by such trifles, add shows her so clearly the folly of such a course, that she becomes ashamed of her weakness and returns to the game, and plays it so well that she beats him. Then he throws the checkers in one direction and kicks the board in another, and says he will never play with anybody who cheats so all-firedly, and stalks moodily to bed, and leaves her to pick up the things. The rate on fruit between Santa Clara and San Francisco the coming season, by rail, will be as follows: On berries, per chest, '25 cents; half chest, 12;^ cents. Other kinds of fruit, shipped in boxes or otherwise, 15 cents per huiidrid weight. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Treatment of Heifers. y' jfi'HE longer the young cow with her first 'Jj'f and second calf, can be made to hold ^|( out, the more surely will this habit bo ra^ fixed npon her. Stop milking her four '%(jt months before the next calf, and it will be difficult to make her hold out to within four or six weeks of the time of calving after- wards. Induce her, if possible, by moist and succulent food, and by careful milking, to hold out even up to the time of calviug, it you desire to milk her so long, and this habit will be lil«ly to be fixed upon her for life. But do not expect to obtain the full yield of a cow the first year after calving. Some of the very best cows are slow to develop their best qualities; and no cow reaches her prime till the age of five or six years. And hero wo have a suggestion to make, of too great importance to be overlooked or dis- regarded, with reference to the time the young heifer should be allowed to come in. Sup- pose a heifer came in with her first calf iu Winter, or cold weather, which prevents the distension of the tissues of the skin, and on dry food, such as she would generally have at that season, and which produces at best but little milk. The organs of secretion will have but a slight development, compared with what they otherwise would, and will adapt them- selves to a small yield of milk. This will be likely to become a fixed habit whicli it will be exceedingly difficult to break up. Hence we somtimes find external signs and actual re- sults contradictory. The extreme importance of care and atten- tion to these points cannot be over estimated. There is a constant tendency to dry up in milch cows; and it must be guarded agaiust with special care, till the habit of yielding a large qnautitj', and yielding it long, becomes fixed in the young animal, when, with proper care, it maj' easily be kept up. If gentle and mild treatment is observed and persevered in, the oijeration of milking ajipears to be one of pleasure to the animal, as it undoubtedly is; but if an opposite course is pursued — if, at every restless movement, caused, perhaps, by pressing a sore teat, the auimal is harshly spoken to — she will be apt to learn to kick as a habit, and it will be dif- ficult to overcome it ever afterwards. With the exception of the policy of milking cows to the time of calving, which we believe to be bad for both calf and cow, the above from the Massachusetts Ploughman we consider sound advice on the subject. More About Cheese. — It is important, says the Afa^s. Plmightnan, that rennet enough should be prepared at once for the whole sea- Son, in order to secure as great a uniformity in strength as possible. The object should be to produce a prompt, complete, and firm or compact coagulation of all the cheesy mat- ter. To obtain a good quahty of rennet that will effect this, the animal should be in per- fect health, and the stomach should be emp- tied of its contents, salted and dried without any scraping or rinsing, and kept in a dry place for one year, when it is fit for use, but if it is allowed to accumulate dampness, it will lose its strength. In Cheshire, so cele- brated for its superior cheese, the contents of the stomach are frequently salted by them- selves, and after being a short time exposed to the air are fit for use; while the well known and highly esteemed Limburg cheese is mostly made with rennet prepared as in Ayrshire, the curd being left in the stomach, and both dried together. The general opinion is that rennet, as usually prepared, is not fit to use till nearly a year old. Perhaps the plan of making a liquid rennet from new and fresh stomachs, and keeping it in bottles corked tight till wanted for use, would tend still further to secure this end. To PuErFY Dairy Utensils. — Stand on end in a convf nient place for use, an open-headed vessel of suitable dimensions for the size of the dairy, say from half a barrel to a hogs- head. In this alack some good quick lime, enough to make thin whitewash when filled full of water, and cover to keep out dust and dirt. The lime will settle, leaving a saturated solution of lime over it, as clear as spring water. After using the milk pans, etc., wash them as other utensils are washed and rinsed; then dip them in the adjoining cask of clear water, giving them a quick turn, so that every part becomes immersed therein ; set them to drain and dry, and the purification is com- plete without any scalding process, from the new i^au to the old worn out one. The lime in the clear water instantly neu- tralizes the acidity of the milk yet remaining in the crack or seams, etc., of the milk ves- sels, to destroy which the process of scalding has been performed. In the case of a small dairy, or one cow, the clear water may, if preferred, be dipped out for the time being and poured gently back again, the lime purifying the water and keep- ing it good all Summer. kn mu\ ©ivb* Mud Pies. i'l'lXOUIl little sun-bonnftts, ruffled and neat. Covering tangles of sunnhiuy hair; Chubby pink fingers, that busily work; What haveyoufouud that is beautiful there? Toiling like elves iu their shadowy-wrapt caves, Lying so far down from sound and fz'om sight That no romembrauco of daylight ean break O'ur the dai'k caliu of their moruingless night. Find you the diamond , red garnets and pearls. Emeralds, topazes, rubies and gold ? Find you the aey at whose magical touch, (jem laden chambers of earth will unfold? What do your merry eyes see that is fair ? Is it the sky that drifts soft, amber light? Is it the blossom of lily and rose? Is it the lark that sings on her flight ? Is it the brown thrush whose musical strains From the green hedges and thieki t-nooks thrill? Is it the field, blossom-dotted and fresh? Sparkling river or diadem hill ? No, your wise heads bend thoughtfully down. O'er the soiled hand tliat so busily Hies, Holds not a thought of earth's beauty and joy — Making and caring for only mud pies. Qiieer little pics, sprinkled over with stones, Criiiisou, and yellow, and speckled with blue; Trace-worked with broken twigs, powdered with saud; Soiled leaves and blossoms, yet wet with the dew; Crimped, pinched and scalloped, indented with holes Where little lingers pressed heavily down; Bits of green mosses and delicate ferns. Over these homely pies daintily strewn. Ah! little children, not you alone Gathering the grime, while the good and the true Bid souls come up into heavenly light, Tells of grand l(>d-up "fist, one eye all the while upon the other baby, who quite startled him by doing the very same thing. In a moment the cry was checked, infantile indignation was awakened and a btow was aimed at the head of baby in the mirror. Here is a les.^on for babies of an older growth, thought I. Seeing yourself as others see you is both profitable and instructive, since it teaches a larger charity for others. Nell Van. Bad Boys Make Bad Men. — An aged sea captain, who had spent a long life upon the ocean, said to a lady, " On ship board I can tell in a very short time what any suilor was in his boyhood." It was because "the boy was father to the man." He added, "I find invariably that a bad boy makes a bad man." When he saw a reckless, profane, vicious "son of the deep," he at once con- cluded that he was little better when a lad. Now this is just what might be expected. It is just wh;it is seen in other things. Poor wool or cotton makes poor cloth. Poor cloth makes a poor coat. Poor farms produce poor crops. Poor timber makes a poor house. And so wicked children make wicked men and women. It is said that the Emperoi Nero of Korae, when a little boy, dehghted to torture and kill flies, and would pursue the little creatures hour after hour to pierce them aud see them flutter and die in agony. As he grew older he exhibited the same cruel disposition to- wards men. When made emperor he ad- vanced in cruelty at a fearful rate; killed his own wife aud ordered his mother to be assas- sinated. Nor was this all. He finally ordered the city to be set on fire, just to see how it would look. And when it was burning, he seated himself on a high tower and played upon his lyre. Was this strange'? Is not a cruel boy hkely to become a cruel man? Kill- ing men in manhood is only a further devel- opment of killing files in childhood. To Boys and Yoctno Men. — You are the architects of your own fortunes. Eely upon your own strength of body and soul. Take for your motto self-reliance, honesty and in- dustry, for your star faith, perseverance and pluck, and inscribe in your banner, "Be just and fear not." Don't take too much advice; keep at the helm, and steer your ship. Strike out. Think well of yourself. Fire above the mark you intend to hit. Assume your posi- tion. Don't practice excessive humility ; you can't get above your level — water don't run up hill — put potatoes in a cart over a rough road and the small potatoes will go to the bot- tom. Energy, icvincible determinatit>n, with a right motive, are the levers that rule the world. The great art of commanding is to take a fair share of the work. Civility costs nothing and buys everything. Don't drink; don't smoke; don't swear; don't gamble; don't steal; don't deceive; don't tattle. Be polite; be eenerous ; be kind. Study hard ; play hard. Be in earnest. Be self-reliant. Bead good books. Love your feUowmen as yourself; love your God; love your country, and obey the laws; love truth; love virtue. Always do what your conscience tells you to bo a duty, and leave the consequence with God. About So.— The habit of taking strong drink is hke a river. An occasional glass is of little account, men say, and they take it. Then they drink oftener. The river grows broader and swifter, but they do not think of this. They drink yet oftener, aud after awhile the little stream of habit has grown to be a wide, roaring torrent, and a little farther on is death. Dewdbops at night are diamonds at morn; so the tears we weep here may be pearls in heaven. The Sckntific Americayi thinks that people with bad colds ought not to kiss babies, as diptheria might easily be imparted in that act. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. rogiT^^, Business SuitabJe for Women. Ci.^DS. ActRictJLTnisisT: In the Popular Sci- J|jJ. ence Montly there appears an article from ^5 the able pen of Dr. Van De Warker on S'i^, the subject of " Women in the Profes- sions and Skilled Labor. ' ' The logical con- clusions deduced from the sexual disability of women to compete with men in business pur- suits denote great stud}' as well as a thorough understanding of the subject. But we would ask how many of our tender, struggling sex are not compelled, day after day, to lay aside sexual incompatibility in order to put bread into the meuths of children and clothes upon their backs? Is the wash-tub better fitted to woman's delicate organization than mental pursuits? Can she more easily attend to a house full of boarders, often doing the entire cooking for them, than to act in the capacity of physician, or attend to various kinds of skilled labor requiring less outlay of vital force? Would not our women of to-day be far healthier if, instead of uncongenial drudg- ery, her hie was filled with satisfying work suited to her taste and temperament? Training schools for preparing young women for self support in the way which suits them best will place before us a different con- dition of things. Physicians of both sexes are needful to attend to the diseases of each. Then our young women would not neglect their health till almost past remedy before consulting a physician. Query : Are the natural infirmities of women a greater drawback to business occupations than the rapidly increasing infirmities of men for what is found in the saloon and gambliue l,oI19 ■», ^ ,. •» hall? Nell Van. What Women Hate Gained.— For the time, still fresh in the minds of middle-aged per- sons, when there were no remunerative occu- jiations open to women, when there was no high school for girls, no college that would admit women; when women lecturers, law- yers, doctors, editors, and ministers, were un- known, up to this time, when all these things and many others are free to women, the gain seems marvelous. But the gain in le^al rights is even greater. ° It is not thirty years since a married woman could not own money, even when she had earned it by hard work. She could not make a will of any property she pos- sessed. She gave birth to a child, and the law said it was not hers. She could not make a contract. She could not make a valid deed of the land she owned. She could not be the guardian of children— not even of her own. She had only the pauper right, viz., the right to be maintained. AU the hard work of her hands, and all the income from her brain be- longed to the husband, who owned, and was supposed to support her. To-day a wife can legally earn aud own ; can buy and sell and sell and will; can make a valid deed; can be guardian of children, and, at the marriage ceremony is not necessarily required to prom- ise to obey. In Wyoming and Utah Territories women are voters. In Michigan more than forty thousand men at the polls cast their vote for woman suftrage. Xu many States women are legally elected and do serve on the school Board. Iowa has taken the first legal step to se- cure suftrage to women. Three judges of the Supreme Court in Maine express the opinion that women may legally servo as justices of the peace in that State. In Congress and in every Northern state legislature, the equal po- htical rights of women are discussed. Thus, from the smallest of all beginnings through three decades, has the good cause of woman's rights grown into place and power. Now it only waits to be crowned with woman suffrage. To this end societies exist in every Northern State, supi)lemented by county and town so- cieties, by political clubs, pledged to secure the election of legislatures of such men as will vote for the enfranchisement of women. An army of women are leagued together in solemn covenant to secure their rights to a voice in making the laws which they are re- quired to obey. The time cannot be "far away when this will be accomplished. As an incentive to activity, it should never for a moment be forgotten' that in the differ- ent States the law makes women the political equals of paupers, idiots, lunatics, felons; of men guilty of bribery, forgery, illegal voting, duelling, treason, aud any other crime or weakness which unfits men to be trusted with the rights of citizenship. This picture of gain and loss closes the year IST-t. May the next one end with brighter colors.— iucy Stone, in the Woman'a Journal. Sensible Fashions for Women.— The dress committee of the New England Women's Club seek to make the changes in women's dress as unobtrusive as possible. They begin with the under garments. Those of the old style which they utterly condemn are the chemise and the corset. These they entirely abandon. The principles which they "carry out are these —perfectly free action for the vital organs, thus abolishing all tight-fitting waists and all tight bands around the waist; an equalizing of the heat of garments over the entire body, and increasing it upon legs and arms; a reduc- tion of the weight of the clothing, by making skirts as few and light as possible; the sup- porting of all clothing from the shoulders, by attaching skirts to waists or suspenders. The garments already devised, which em- body these principles, are the chemiloon and the gabrille underskirt. The first is made of flannel or cotton, a long-sleeved waist and drawers in one, covering the person from wrist to ankles. Outer drawers may be but- toned to these. The stockings are drawn over the long drawers fitting at the ankle, and fastened with safety pins, or with buttons fastened on the drawers. No garters are al- lowed, because these hinder the circulation of the blood. The gabrille under skirt is made of white cotton usually, gored from shoulder to hem, after the plain gabrille pattern, rather loosely fitting, and sufficiently short and scant. The outer skirts button upon it, so arranged that one band does not lie over another. If a hoop is worn (and this is recommended, as it keeps the folds of the skirt from clogging the limbs m walking, and holds the tops of the other skirts so as to prevent undue heating of the pelvis and spine), there should be a stout button hole in the middle of the back of the hoop band, to fasten upon a strong button on the back seam of the under skirt waist. On eai-h side of ibis buttou hole place the buttons for holding common suspenders, placing the front buttons just over the firm side termina- tions of the upper hoops. This brings the suspenders back under the arms, so that they do not interfere with the bust. The balmo- rel may rest njion this hoop, with a binding made in Semicircular shape, so us to lie upon the skeleton below its binding. For outer dress, the plain gabricUe pattern is recommended, not too full in the skirt, and lightly trimmed if trimmed at all. This for the house dress; and an added polonaise or ovorskirt and sack for the street.— ^i/ieri- can Aariculturixt. A Novel Experiment in HousE-KEEriNO. The troubles and vexations which house- keepers seem inexorably doomed to suffer in consequence of the great difficulty— the ap- parent imjiossibility, as a general rule— of obtaining good domestic servants, have given rise to a variety of curious suggestions. Among these we remember none more singu- lar than that which it is said an English lady is now subjecting to the test of actual experi- ment. It is not dilEcult to imagine by what process of reflection a woman of strong phil- anthropic impulses and hopeful nature, slightly dashed with the Quixotism character- istic of female reformers, might be led to con- ceive so extraordinary an idea. Probably the lady in question felt acutely the annoyance inseparable from the existing system of do- mestic service; on the other hand, she saw all over the land a class of young women need- ing employment, but unable to obtain any which, according to prevailing social ideas, they could accept without disgrace; a class sufficiently refined and well-educated to qual- ify them for at least the humbler grade of positions as teachers or governesses, and who for that very reason could not, without a painful feeliug of degradation, become house- hold servants. She saw that this class.already too numerons to titid occupation of the kind deemed siutable for them, was rapidly in- creasing with the more general diffusion of education; and reflected that the time must come when a proportion of those belonging to it would have to choose between menial labor and pauperism, or accept a lot worse than either. She knew that it was not the actual hardship of the work involved in domestic service, but the popular idea that such occu- pation is only suitable for the ignorant, the ilhterate and those coarsely reared, that made young women possessing a measure of culture and refinement shrink from it as from some- thing almost equivalent to disgrace. Having thus got at the real difficulty in the case, the solution would not be far to seek for such a person as we conceive the originator of this new sociological experiment to be. Accord- ingly, we are told that she proceeded to put it to a practical test by dismissing her servants and engaging in their places five young women of the class that had aroused her benevolent solicitude. These were to act respectively as lady's maid, dairy maid, upper house maid, kitchen maid and cook. The terms of the agreement were that the new "help" or "do- mestic companions" (for of course no such word as servant figured in the contract) were to receive the same wages paid to the former incumbents of their respective positions; and further, that when off duty they should be treated in all respects as equals. When there is company they are to mingle with the guests and assist in entertaining them; when the lady of the house rides out, they are to join her; in short, all the existing barriers between the positions of mistress and maid are to be broken down. Such is the outline of the new social disi^ensation which is said to be now actually on trial. An Anii-Cokset Society. — If there ever was a country distinguished for its love of moral and social revolutions, it is this country of ours. Some of the attempted revolutions are absurd enough, but others are not only sound but practical. Among these is the efl'ort, the organization started in Brooklyn by a num- ber of ladies, "to put down corsets, high- heeled boots, false hair, and such like auxili- aries to feminine attraction." This is an undertaking that at once commends itself to every man aud woman of sense iu the land. It will be supported heartily by the medical profession, and, we trust, both by the pulpit aud the press. It is time that seusible peojde shoiUd put their foot upon senseless clothing. Carbolic Acid a Preservative for Hides. In South America and Australia, it is stated that the immersion of hides fiU' twenty-four hours in a two per cent, solution of carbolic acid, aud subsequently drying them, has been successful substituted for the more tedious and expensive process of salting. After taking up a carpet, sprinkle the floor with a very lUlute carbolic acid before sweep- ^1 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Milk as a Diet. ILK being furnished by nntiirfi as the only food for the young miimiudl, dur- ing a certuiu period of its existence, contains all the elements necessary for the nutrition and growth of the body. Out of the caseine of milk are formed the al- bumen and fibrine of the blood, and the pro- teinaceous and gelatinous tissues. The but- ter serves for the formation of the fat, and contributes, with the sugar, to sujiport the animal heat by yielding carbon and hydrogen to be burnt iu the lungs. The earthy salts are necessary for the development of the bony system; the iron is required for the blood cor- pu.scles and the hair; while the alkaline chlo- ride furnishes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice. It is somewhat strange that a prejudice should exist among the masses in rel.-itiou to milk diet. Milk is in general readily digested by children and is universally conceded to be the very best diet for them. It is too true that when milk contains too much oily matter it often induces various disorders of the di- gestive organs. With such the milk which gives very little cream, or skimmed milk, us- ually agrees. Milk is a very useful and valu- able article of food, both for the child and the adult, and for healthy individuals, as well as for invalids and convalescents. The principal drawback to its employment in many cases is the difficult digestibility of its fatty constitu- ent, butter. There is no more innocent food among the ■whole list of aliments than pure milk. It contains bone, muscle, fat, and brain produc- ing substances, in an eminent degree, and just in the proper shade for assimilation. It is true that milk in inordinate quantities, or if the diet be suddenly changed to milk, the per.son will sometimes become constipated, perhaps, or else the reverse. But this is not due so much to the milk as to the change in the diet, for other changes in ordinary food would produce the same result. It is true there are some individuals who, from some peculiar condition of the digestive organs, can not take milk; and this exception will apply to almost every article of food; but these iso- lated facts do not invalidate the general rule. One of the principal objections to a milk diet in the cities is the fear of adulterated or impure milk. This difficulty may be easily obviated bj' knowing of whom you get the milk. It is true that in cities a serious diffi- culty iu this line exists, as there may be a large quantity of milk sold which is the pro- duct of breweries and distilleries; neverthe- less, this IS but a small proportion of the whole quantity used; the great bulk is brought direct from country dairies, and undoubtedly is furnished in a pure condition; or if any- thing be added it will only be water. The customer may test the article sold by the milkman and also that of the dairyman, and in the end it will result in honest dealing. Milk is becoming one of the great reliances of the physician iu various cases of disease, especially in typhoid fever, when the patient has become so low as to be incapable of taking solid food. It is used in the form of whey, and is an excellent diluent and nutritive. It may be used in febrile and inflammatory com- plaints. It is sometimes prepared by means of rennet, and is denominated "rennet whey." White wine whey, taken warm and combined with a sudorific regimen, acts powerfully on the skin and is a valuable domestic remedy in slight colds and febrile disorders. Cream of tartar whey is prepared by adding a quarter of an ounce of cream of tartar to a pint of milk. It may be diluted with water and used in fe- brile and dropsical compaints. Milk and lime water forms a very useful remedy in some initable conditions of the stomach and uterine organs. Washing the Inside of the Body. — There is no cavity in the body which water is not fitted for if you get it in properly. Why, one of the best things you can do is to wash your blood, and the great folly we commit in going through our lives from childhood to the grave is that we do not wash our blood as we ought. Infusions of coffee, tea, chocolate, or cocoa, or cider, or beer, do not wash the blood, be- cause with the fluid so taken in, something is carried in also which befouls and defiles the blood. Just let a man say to himself, "It ia Saturday night; I have worked hard all the week, and Sunday shall be a day of rest to me. I am now going to give my whole sys- tem, between this and Monday morning, a good thorough washing." So he begins to drink, and drink, and drinks but little at a time, yet between Saturday night and next Monday morning a healthy man can drink, without x'roducing disturbance, a gallon of water. Now let this come into and go through his circulation — through his lungs, and skin, and kidneys, and bowels, and waste materials are caiTied out — and when Monday morning comes, if he jumps out of bed and gives his external skin a good washing, the water that he washes in will be foul. Or if he prefers to test that question even more thoroughly, all he has to do is to take a clean sheet, and wetting it in good, soft, pure water, be wrap- ped up in it for forty-eight or sixty minutes, and then have the sheet washed in a tub of water, and it will color that water so it will look dirty. The man has been washed inside — his blood has been waslied. When you have washed his blood, tissues, bones, nerve, muscle, sinew, membrane and brain, and everything in him, he can defy all pestilence for that week. The washing of a person's outside is twice as necessary as the washing of a person's clothes, and yet there are those who are very particular to have their clothes washed with great care, who are not at all particular to wash themselves. AVhat Alcohol Will Do. — It may seem strange, but is nevertheless true, that alcohol, regularly applied to a thrifty farmer's stomach, will remove the boards from the fence, let cattle into his crops, kill his fruit trees, mortgage his farm, and sow his fields with wild oats and thistles. It will take the paint oiT his building, break the glass out of his windows and fill them with rags. It will take the gloss from his clothes and polish from his manners, subdue his reason, arouse his passions, bring sorrow and disgrace ujjon his family, and topple him into a drunkard's grave. It M'ill do this to the artisan and the capitalist, the matron and the maiden, as well as to the farmer; for in its deadly enmity to the human race, alcohol is no respecter of persons. — Temperence Worker. Sound Common Sense. — If you are well, let yourself alone. One of the great errors of the age is, we m.edicate the body too much, the mind too little. More persons are destroyed by eating too much than by drinking too much. Gluttony kills more than drunken- ness in civilized society. The best gymnasium is a wood yard, a clearing, or a corn field. A hearty laugh is known, the world over, to be a health promoter; it elevates the spirits, en- livens the circulation, and is marvelously con- tagious in a good sense. Bodily activity and bodily health are inseparable. If the bowels are loose, lie down in bed, remain there, and eat nothing until you are well. The three best medicines in the world are warmth, ab- stinence and repose. — Dr. Hall's Magazine. Wet and Det Bathing. — If any one in these days will exercise in the open air, so that each day he wiU perspire moderately, and if he will wear thin uuder-garmeuts, or none at all, and sleep in a cold room, the functions of the skin will sutler little or no impediment, if water is withheld for months. Indeed, bathing is not the only way in which its healthful action can be maintained bj- those living under the conditions at present exist- ing. Dry friction over the whole surfoce of the bodj', once a day, or once iu two days, is often of moie service than the application of water. The reply of the centenarian to the inquiry to what habit of life he attributed his good health and extreme longevity, that he believed it due to "rubbing himself all over with a cob every night," is significant of an important truth. If invalids and persons of low vitality would use dry friction and Dr. Franklin's "air bath" every day for a considerable time, we are confident they would often be greatly benefited. Cleanliness is next to godliness, no doubt, and a proper and judicious u.se of water is to be commended; but human beings are not amphibious. Nature indicates that the functions of the skin should be kept in order mainly by muscular exerci.se, by excit- ing natural perspiration by labor; and, de- licious as is the bath, and healthful, under proper regulation, it is no substitute for that exercise of the body without which all the functions become abnormal. — 1}>-. Nlclivt. Grasshoppers. In reply to an inquiry by a correspondent of the New York lixin as to whether the grass- hoppers so destructive to crops in the West are the same as those which infested Egypt, and also whether the seventeen-year is a na- tive of this country or imported, its able agri- cultural editor, Mr. Fuller, says: The grasshoppers of the Western States are of an entirely distinct species from those in- habiting Egypt or other portions of the Old World, but belong to the same family as the locust of ancient as well as modern times. Graiishopper is a mere local English name for the hundred or more distinct species which inhabit our country. The one to which you refer as doing so much damage in the Western States is known to entomologists asCaloi-knus sprehis. The seventeen-year locust is not a locust, that is, it does not belong to the grass- hopper or Locuxlida', but to the Ciad(ui, a large species of flies, which have no mandibles for biting or masticating food like the true locust; consequently they do not consume vegetable food, and the only injurj- they do to plants is to puncture the stems and twigs in depositing their eggs. Tney are also native Americans, at least so far as is known to science or his- tory. The Preservation of Smoked Meat. — Pro- fessor Nessler says that the keeping qualities of smoked meat do not depend upon the amount of smoking, but upon the uniform and proper drying of the meat. It is of con- siderable advantage also to roll the meat on its removal from the salt, before smoking, in sawdust or bran. By this means the crust formed in smoking will not be so thick; and if moisture condenses upon the meat it remains in the bran, the brown coloring matter of the smoke not penetrating. The best place to keep the meat is in a smoke house in which it remains dry, without drying out entirely as it does when hung in a chimney. 1 wi I » I Recently, at the Polytechnic School in Paris, one of the professors inquired into the habits of the one hundred and sixty students there, and then made a comparison between their devotions to study and to smoke. He found that in each grade of the school the students who did not smoke out-ranked those who did smoke, and that the scholarship of the smokers steadily deteriorated as the smok- ing continued. On account of several trust- worthy reports of such a nature, the Minister of Public Instruction in France issued a cir- cular to the directors of colleges and schools ' forbidding the use of tobacco to students, as injurious to physical and intellectual develop- ment. Subscribe for the Ageicultueist. >^- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. (&duf«iti0ttal Before School. ninel Boys and girls, do yoxl be quick, mo- then- ■• Under the VfUAHTEK to hear?" "One more bucliwbeat, tiler, dear. Where's my luncheon box?" shelf— CJ^ Just in the place you left it yourself 1" " I can't say my tablel" "O. find me my eapl" " One hiss for mamma and sweet Sis in her lap." " Be good, dcarl" "I'll try." "g times 9'b 81." "Take your mittensi" "All right." "Hurry up, Bill; let's run. " With a slam of the door, they are off, girls and boys, And the mother draws breath in the lull of their noise. After School. " Don't wake the babyl Come gently, my dearl" " O mother! I've torn my new dress— ju.^t look herel I'm sorry; I was only climbing the wall." " J mother, my map was the nicest of all!" " And Nelly, in spelling, went up to the headl" " O say! can I go out on the hilt with my sled?" " I've got such a toothachel" "The teacher's unfairl" " Is dinner 'moat ready ? I'm just like a bearl" Be patient, worn mother, they're growing up fast; These nursery whirlwmds, not long do they last; A still, lonely house would be far worse than the noise; Rejoice and be glad in your brave girls and boys! — (It. I, Schoolmaster, Do Farmers Read Enough? Is it not true that many farmers read very little, hardly enough of the news of the day to keep posted in regard to the enrrent events of our country, to say nothing of the foreign news? Further, do they read that which per- tains to their business, trying to improve the mind upon the great study of agriculture? This class do not seem to realize how much education and improvement of the mind have to do with farming. They count strong hands and muscle as the only requisites for success- ful farming. They depend altogether too much upon the weather and circumstances, and too little on skillful, intelligent manage- ment for success in their business. We know there are some who will say th;it this is not true — that many ignorant, unread men are quite as successful in tilling the soil as those who read. But we think we can point out some of the reasons to show that the same men could do better if more brain labor were applied in connection with the labor of the muscles. In the first i>lace, mind is regarded as the measure of the man in every other pro- fession; and all other business succeeds in proportion to the active knowledge and intel- ligence the man has who manages it. Why should it not be so with the farmer? Much as we value bone and muscle, brains are the most important. The body is but the tool, the mind is the hand that works it. It is to education and progress in the arts and sci- ences that all our enlightened and civilized countries owe their greatness. ,The barbar- ous have strength of body, and in many countries superior soil and climate to our own. Why has this country become great and prosperous except for its superior culture of the mind? Intelligence is strength, and whateeer power or influence a people possess must be developed through the intelligence of that people. But, to apply it more practical- ly to the business of farming, we would say that in no industrial pursuit is the improve- ment of the mind — education is the thing which )iertains to the profession — more im- portant. The desired culture andinformation can he gained mainly through reading. New and valuaVile ideas gained by reading and study will be as so much capital to him. A reader is generally a man of knowledge and culture, and he acts in proportion to his knowledge. We should read more agricul- tural books and papers, and if we»'cau by reading ascertain a lietter way of doing any kind of farm-work, or make any advances whatever in theory or pructici^ that would benefit us, we should be prejiarcd at once to adopt it. If wo have a farm of poor soil to be brought up to a certain standard, let us study the science of agriculture and the means best and most economically adai>ted to im- prove it as rapidly as possible. If we are the fortunate possessors of a soil rich in all the elements of fertility, it should bo our constant aim and study to keep it so, and see that no injudicious system is pursued in its cultiva- tion, and that its natural fertility remains un- impaired, but constantly improved. This applies also to every department of the busi- ness, whether it be in the cultivation of crops or the raising of stock. A farmer's hbrary, books and papers, which are in the reach of everybody, will develop and improve the mind, so that farming will be done on correct business principles. — Neio Eiiifland Homestead. Fob The Bots. — Keflection upon observed facts is one of the best means of obtaining an education. Many men are wise who hardly know how to read. Knowledge is not wis- dom; but knowledge to a greater or less ex- tent is necessary to the one who would be wise. Now we gather knowledge — we learn facts by reading, by experience, and by ob- servation. But we cannot be ateaj/s reading ; ■we would not wish to experience many things, but we can always observe, and that without danger to ourselves. We observe the experi- ence of others, and if we be wise, make use of the facts thus gained to direct our own life. Let me then say to the young, learn to ob- serve, let nothing escape your eye or ear. For instance you are walking in the city, close by the corner of the street lies a man in the gut- ter. Notice him, look at his bloated face and bloodshot eyes, look at his rags, notice, ob- serve, see him there, use your eyes. But as we come nearer to hear some remarks made by the men standing around him. Now listen, hear — "He was the best lawyer in the city, but drink has brought him here." So says a man who knows the drunkard. Now let us travel on while I teach you to reflect upon the fact which you have gathered by observation. Drink has brought the best lawyer in the city to the gutter. Upon reflection you will con- clude that drink is the foe of mankind — a snare for the foolish, the destroyer of many strong men. So far, so good. Observation well made. Reflection has done her work well. Now comes the test. Are you wise? Let me see. Come with me and have a drink. If you will go in now and drink then you are a fool. You did not know how to apply the result of you observation and reflection to your own life. Oh, you won't go, won't you, then you are wise. Observation and reflec- tion has given you a principle, and you wisely apply that principle to your own life. Let us, while young, learn to observe. Reflect upon the facts thus learned, and then show our wisdom by the application of these prin- ciples to our own life. What good will a head full of facts like the above do us, if we do not apply them to our lives? The carpenter may have his chest full of tools, but if he will not use them they will beuetit neither himself nor any one else. A few tools well used will ben- efit more than many never touched. So a few facts well thought over and strictly aji- pUed to the life often make a man great, when the walking library is often a sot. Let us then gather facts as we may, by reading, ex- perience, or observation. Reflect upon and deduce principles therefrom, and apply them to our lives, and be not only educated, but wise. DivEKsiTx OF Gifts. — One of the most dif- ficult questions parents are called on to set- tle concerns the particular training each in- dividual child requires. No two of a dozen children in the same family agree in disposi- tion, in ability, in taste and inclination. Each has his idiosyncracics and his special gifts which render special treatment necessary. One boy has a passion for farming, his bro- ther delights in music, still another enjoys using tools and solving mathemiLtical prob- lems. \S'hat folly it would be to subject these three boys to the same curriculum of study, and expect in this way to make the most of them as men, Not what we put into a boy's head educates them, but what we di-aw out of it. Education is a process not of crammii\g, but of development, and wise are those pa- rents who, nuderstauditig the abilities of their children, suit the training each receives to Ids special requirements. It is not easy in a multitude of cases to tell exactly what partic- ular talent a boy or girl possesses. We most wait for time to develop his or her special gift, and while so doing give the best general training in our power, shaping the child's course in the direction in which it seems most probable he will be successful in winning the desirable things of this life, and so winning them as not to lose in the life to come. — Mrs. Lyman, t/i j\'. 1'. Tribune. Teacheu — "John, you young scapegrace, come here, and I'll paj you back your impu- dence to me yesterday." Pupil — "No, thank you, I have conscien- cious scruples against taking back-paj' of that sort." Live and Dead Weight of Cattle. It is well known that the amount of flesh obtained from animals sold by live weight is exceedingly variable, even in animals of the same breed, as so much depends on the con- dition or fatness of the beast. There is also a great variation in the quality of the meat in breeds; as a rule, the finer the breed of the animals the more eminent the prime points, the Short-horns and Heref ords being noted for muscle and fat, and the Ayrshires and Jerseys being types of milk producing breeds. Again the Jerseys are eminent for richness of milk, and the Ayrshires fot quantity. The English, French and Belgians have instituted numer- ous experiments to show the weight of the different jiarts of the animals slaughtered. Two instances, one a bullock, another a sheep, will suffice. In the case of an ox a live weight of 1,322 pounds yielded, meat, '771.4 pounds; skin, 110.5; grease, 88; blood, 55; feet and hoofs, 22; head, 11; tongue, G.G; lungs and heart, 15.34; liver andspleen, 80.5; intestines, 6G.15; loss and evaporation, 152.72; makiug the total of 1,322 pounds. The product of a sheep weighing 110.02 pounds were as foOows: Meat, 551; skin, 7.71; grease, 5.51; blood, 5.508; feet and hoofs, 1.201; head, 4.400; tongue, lungs, heart, liver and spleen, 3.408; intestines, G.612; loss and evaporation, l'J.656; making a total of 110.02 pounds. French statistics show that the same cattle yield as much as 70 per cent, meat, while others give only 50 per cent. The mean ■B'eight of meat produced is estimated at 55 per cent, of live weight. In the case of the sheep, the production is from 40 to 45 per cent., the fatter animals always give the greatest net weight. To show how the same nile will apply to the United States, we may state that in New York native steers are allrwtd fifty-six pounds to the hundred, live weight, while grades are estimated at forty-six pounds per hundred. As an instance, weighing net 500 to 700 !tw, will bring 8)4 to 12;^ cents per Bj; those from 700 to 800 lbs will bring from 12^; to 14 cents, and grade steers 875 to 1,200 Ujs will bring 12,'/4_,to 15 cents, and weighing 1,400 to 1,500 lbs w'iU brine 14 to 18 cents. The propagating houses of the Agricultural Department of the State University, at Berk- eley, were ready for use last August, and since that time, .says the Oakland Stirs, 10,- 000 i)lantsof 20 species of eucalyptus; 5,0(10 acacias of 25 species, 200 sjieciea of native and foreign conifcra', also utimerous rare ferns peculiar to Australia, South and Central Amer- ica, and elsewhere, and many species of tex- tile, medicinal and other economic jilaiits have been produced. Wc may mention 112 varieties of roses, 12 of azaleas, 13 ol canie- lias, and (J of m.agnolias, for ornamental pur- poses. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. COMING STOCK SALES. We gather from advertisement in the Ka- tional Live Stock Journal the following an- nouucemeut3 of sales of fine Btock to take place at public auction during April and May, 1875. April fith— C. C. Parks & Co., Waukougan, III.; 30 head of Clydesdale horses and over 50 Cots- wold slieep. April 7th— C. C. Parks sells the entire Glen Flora herd of Shorthorns— l'J6 head. April 8th— Elliott &. Kent will sell the entire Elm Grove lierd of Short-horn cattle, at Dexter Park Stock Yards, Chicago; 111—65 head, April 9th — J. H. Lissinger & Co. sells Short- horns at Dexter Park, Chicago, III. — 45 head. April 14th— S. VV. Jacobs, West Liberty, Iowa; Short horns of the " Wapsie Heril" — 70 head. April l.'ith— Milton Briggs, Kellogg Station, Jas- per county, Iowa, will sell, OB Oak Hill Stock- farm, 140 head of Short-homa and 100 head of Berkshire swine. April 2lst — .lohn Dolese &, Co., Sammit, 111.; 54 head Grade Norman horses. April ■J7lh— J. H. PicUerell, Decatur, III.; 23 head of the Harriatown heul of .Shorthorns. Also 22 Southdown ewes, and 12 Berkshire swine. April 28th— Messrs. Duncan, Suiith, Franklin & Nichols, Deciitur, 111., will sell 130 head of Short- horns. April 29th — J. H. Spears &l Son, Bloomiugtou, III., 40 head Shorthorns. April 30th — Jlessrs. Prather & Foster will sell 70 head of Shorthorns, at Springfield, III. Also, W. Black of Carrallton, 111., will sell Shorl-hoius at same time and place- M.-iy 3d— W. 6. Harding, Nashville, Teun., 30 head fine bred hor.ses. May 7th — S. Meredith &. Son, at Cambridge City, Ind., will sell a lot of Shorthorns. May ISth— James H. Davis, Danville, Ky., will sell 50 head of Short horn cattle. There will also be sales of Short-horns at Dexter Park Stock Yards, Chicago. On May 19th, L. W. Thorn, 30 head; 20lh, J. P. .Sanborn, 75 head; 21st, Avery & Murphy, 75 head; 22d, J. R. Shelly, 110 head. M.iy 27— Cbiis. Lowder, Plaintield, Ind., will sell 70 head of .Short-horns and 50 Berkshire Pigs. Our readers will be interested in Dr. Scott's article in this number on " The Culti- vation of the Olive in California." What- ever subject ha "touches pen to" is ably handled. BEAUTIFUL SCULPTURE. At the well-known marble works of Field, Combs & Gregory, San Jose, we lately noticed a piece of monumental work that surpassed anything of the kind we ever saw. It was de- signed by Norman Porter, Esq., for his wife's grave. The design was unique, and showed originality and genius, while the work exhib- ited skill of a high order. A heavy shield, bearing an inscription, framed in a border of scroll work, was surmounted by an exquisite wreath of flowers, which were brought out, leaves and petals, from the stone as natural a.s possible, looking rich enough to ornament a parlor vase, and too delicate for out-of- doors, even in our fine climate, where real flowers are almost perjjetual. Evidently Mr. Comb's own hand wrought out this wonderful wreath, for who else but him, on this Coast, could do such equisite work? Subscribe for the AoEiccrLTUiasT. TUE SAN' JO SB BEAUTY. Prof. A. H. Rockwell met not only with gi'and success in his excursion through our section of country, giving lessons on horse training to large enthusiastic classes of citi- zens, but his second advent in San Jose was an ovation. He obtained many more new members to his large class here, and man- aged to interest large audiences all the time, not only with exhibitions of his skill in hand- ling wild and vicious horses, but by giving rational, common sense instruction and ex- planations of his methods. As a token of the estimation in which Mr. Kockwell was held by his class, several mem- bers clubbed together and purchased of Mr. Benj. Fish, of Santa Clara, a high-bred Comet colt for $200 and presented it to Mr. Rockwell on the last evening of his visit. The colt was named the "San Jose Beauty, " and declared by all present to be a perfect beauty and wonderful for his age. We shall expect to hear from this colt at some future time, as a credit to its name. The colt was worth much more than was paid lor him, but Mr. Fish generously consented to contribute a liberal share of the gift. We understand that Mr. Rockwell, before leaving this county, re- fused an offer of $1,000 for the colt. He says that he will make it worth over §10,000 in three years' time, and we believe him. The presentation, though a perfect surprise, was a nice little affair. Lawyer Gibson made a fine little speech,, and Mr. Kockwell, evi- dently embarrassed, returned his compliments iu a modest manner indicative of the "inner man." ' TUE BEST HORSE-POWER. Our readejs will notice Mr. Pelton's adver- tisement of his six-fold horse-power, which, in mechanical construction, is very nearly perfect. The powers have also stood the test of trial; and the evenness of pressure upon the numerous bearings is so balanced that there is less friction to be overcome to a given amount of power than in any horse-power we have ever seen. Fourteen horses h.ive threshed 2,000 bushels of wheat within ten hours, in good threshing, with a Peltou six- fold power more than once. We have exam- ined testimonials of practical men whom we bslieve to be reliable, and also talked with men who know what the machine will do. The manufacture of these powers in San Jose is an industry we feel proud to note. TUE GREAT MENAGERIE AND CIRCUS. Montgomery Queen's great menagerie and circus, which has been wintering at Havward's, California, is about to enter the field for a sea- son's show in this State. Several new and valuable animals and birds have lately been added to the grand collection at great expense, and the best performers in America have been added to the circus troupe, which is now the best that ever performed on this continent. » ^1 1^ . Lompoc. A correspondent of the Santa Clara Argiis writes as follows ot this new and flourishing colony in Santa Barbara County. If there are any of our friends that wish i to purchase lauds of the company, they would do well to come down before the sales which begin on the 26th of April, as there are only about 2,000 acres of the main valley left. The prices for choice laud range from $23 to $7.5 per acre. Purchasers have ten years in which to pay for their lands. There are over 30,000 acres of grazing lands for sale, including the table-lands near the beach and the rich Hondo valley. The Santa Inez river bounds the land on the east and north. The rivtr is a large stream of clear, pure wa- ter, its banks lined with heavy timber. There is a belt of timber running through the mid- dle of the main valley twelve miles long. No purchaser will be more than one mile from timber. There are four large creeks and numerous springs on the ranch. The deepest well is thirty-two feet, the shallowest eight. Every acre of the valley will produce a paying crop of corn, tobacco, flax, barley, wheat or veg- etables, without irrigation. The unplowed lands are covered with a heavy growth of oats, clover and filaria. There is no alkali, no worthless land. Those who do not purchase wiU at least have the pleasure of seeing the most fertile spot of the State. The t: Authorship, .^0; Lightning Calculator. 25; Hunter and TrapprT'K (iuide, aj; Dug Training. X). Of liook- BcUors, or by mail. JKSSE HANEY kCO., Ill) >,'a8 sau street, N. Y. j-q 28G Santa Clara Street. CAPITAL STOCK $300,000 Oflicers: President John H. Moore Vicu-Preeideut S- A. Bishop Cashier H. H. Reynolds Directors : John H. Moore, Dr. B Bryant, H. Mabury, S. A. Bishr)p, H. H. Reynolds, James Hart, James W. Whiting. FARMERS, PAIITT YOUR BUILDIiraS NEW^ FEATURE: This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts,*' bearing inter- est at i». Hand 10 percent per annum; interest payable promptly at the end of six mouths from date of de- poHit. The '* Receipt" may be transferred by indorse- ment and the principle with interest iiaid to holder. Interest also allowed on Book Accounts, beginning at rl;it»i nf deposit. ( )ur vimlts are large and strong as any in the State, nnd specially adapted for the safe-keeping of Bonds, Sto*ks. Papers. Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at tvitling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Currency, at reasonable rates, Buy and sell l-egal Tender Notes andtranaact a Gen- eral Banking Business. National Gold Bank OF SAN JOSE, Pntcl npCapilnl (Gold Coin) ».%00,000 AutliurUud Cuiiital . . .81, 000, 000 President JOHN W. HINPS Vice-President WM. L. TISl) ALE Cashier and Secretary GEO. P. SPARKS Directors : C. Burrel, C. G. Harrison, Wm. D. Tisdale, E. 0. Singletarv, E. L. Bradley, Wra. L, Tisdale, John W. Hinds. ,, — AND YOUR- ZXiIFZiSMBlTT S ! Will allow interest on Deposits, buy and ecll Ex- chanf^e, make collections, loan money, and transact A General Banking Business. Rjieiial indun inents oflfLTed to fanners, merchants, moclianics, and all classes for comnierciul accounts. Cor. First and San Fernando Sts., SAN JOSE. Bop USE THE USE THE BEST! mil It Costs Less, Lasts Longer and Looks Brighter than Any Other Good Paint. /( Does not Crack, nor Cliallc, nor Peel Off. SEE THAT YOUR PAINTER USES IT. Keniember, it is prepared in Liquid Form, ready for application; can l)e obtained of Any Shade or Color, and is Composed of the Best Materials, thoroughly in- corporated, BO that it does not spoil by standing. For Beauty of Finish and Brilliancy of Color it is without a rival. Remember, with this Paint you can do yonr own painting better than it can be done with any other Paint. It is always Ready for Use. Paint your Houses— Paint your Wagons, Mowing Machines, Plows, etc., etc. It Pays in the long run to do it. , , The Averill Paint is the Paintfor everybody the Best and .Most Eeouomleal Paint in the world. Ask youi- store-keeper for it. SUBSCRIBE FOB THE — ■ -« UNSHIN-llij —THE ONLY — CHILDREFS MAGAZINE Published vn THE PACFIC COAST. Only ^I.IO a, TTear. ASUIUBLSPEEmroR CHILDEEN! And one that ■^•111 c(mtinue A Source of Pleasure During the whole year. Address. SUNSHINE, Postoffice Box 288 Santa Clara. Milton Campbell. — DKALER IN - STOVES, PUMPS, IRON PIPES. TIN EOOniTG, ETC., ETC. 385 rmST ST., near Central Market. .SAIV JOSK. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, ii XiOC^e (& Mozitague, IMPOUTEKS AKD DEALEKS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware &c. 112 and 114 Battery Street SAN FRANCISCO. WM. SHEWS NEW mmmm mmmm, 115 KEARNY ST., SAX FRAX<'ISt'0. This well known *»PiiIace of Art, " formerly lo- cated -m Montgomery St., No. 417, is now on Ki-amy St., No. 115 and has no connection with any other. Stran^?t■r8 visitiug the City will find it for their iuUrest to patronize this establiehment for uuy kind of pii-ture from Minatnre to Life Size. N. B. The very best Kembrandt Cards Album pize S per'doz. equal to any that cost SI on Moutgomtry St.; other sizes equally low in proportion. ap THE NEW IMPROVED fliOEEKCB Side Feed and Back Feed. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOST SIM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKET. in If there Is a FLORENCE MACHINE within one thousand miles of San Fran- cisco not working well, I will £i it with- ont any eipanse to the owner. SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Streeti GRAND HOTEL BUILDING, UH FRAKCteCO. V_ C. S. Crydenwise, CARRIAGE niAKER. PIONEER CAR- riage Shop. 314 Second Street, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alley . SAN JOSE. Ag'ent for FisU Bro. 's IVafifons. Published Quarterly. January Number just issued, and contains over 100 Pages, 500 Enc.kavings, descriptions of more than 500 of our best Flowers and Vegetables, with Directions for Culture, (Joloked Plate, etc. The most useful and elegant work of the kinH in the umtM Only 25 cents for the year. Pubhsheti in English ami (.lernian. AdOrcib, JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y, SHERMAN & HYDE, Cor. Kearny and Suffer Sfs. SAW FRANCISCO, WHOLESALE AND llETAIL DEALERS IN SHEET MUSIC, Musical Instruments, MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, Orders from the Interior promptly filled, WANUFACTtTBERS OF THE Acknowledged by Musicians to be the Best LoW Priced Instruments ever offered for sale on this Coast, THE UNHQUAIiLirD These Superb InstnimentB have achieved ft mii'*ess unparalleled in the history of Piano-forte Bliinufactiu'e. They are remarkable for Great Vohime, Purity and Sweetness of Tone, and Diu-abilitj', THE CELEBRATED The Most Desirable Instruments in the market for church and p;irlor. Over 2S,0C)0 now in use. SHERMAN & HYD£, GEKERAI^ AOEXTS, SAN FRANCISCO. Tvistia's Patent FIRST PREMIUM WIITD- MILLS! — AND — HORSE-POWERS. Fl Factory — Comer Market and ^ Beal Sts., Sttu Francibco. Send for DESCEIPTIVE CI2CTTLAES. ^ W. I TL'STIN, PATENTEE. THE PARKER GUN/ PEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR PARKER BROS WEST MERIDEN.CT. liuSICAeiviEW One Dollar per annum. Each issue con- tains valuable reading, and tnrr SI -WORTH OF NEW^ MUSIC. Send your address with $i, in postage stamps or currency, to SHERMAN & HYDE, San FKANCisca p. "W. Reardoxi c& Co. o fj o •-f tight and Heavy W^asfons, Express Wn^ons, Top anrt Open Bu^^ies, Curriafres, Rocka-ways, Gigs and Barouches. ADE OF THK VERY BEST ASSORTED MA- terial. All work warrauted. Jobbingof all kinds. M Painting, Trimminj, Blacbmitliinj, aad BFi.Orders will receive Prompt Attention. THE Jackson "Wagons An- known to be TBB BEST FA&ZHX ^XTAGOSTS Sold on this Coast. Sold quite as low as the very many i>out ones offered for sale. We warrant them for two years. For sale in San Jose at San Francisco prices by Haskell «& Mott, Agents, comer of Third and Santa Clara streets. J, D. ARTHUR & SOX, Importers, San Francisco. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Horse-taming Outfits. Blacksmith. Patent Tire-Setter. Stoves, FRED. KLEIN, ^ S T O ^^ E S, ^M SIIEKT-IRON, Kitchen Copper, Tiiumre, Iron Pumps, Kitchen Ulens-ils, Celeljratecl Peerhss Stoves, Utensils. ^•■il Santa Clara St., Near PoBtofflce. San Jose. Groceries, Provisions, Family Supplies. nmi SEEDS. Vegetililfl SEEDS. JMPEY & ijENNARD, Manufacturers and dealers In Harness and Saddles. Sole .\Kf uts ill San .Ti)Ko fur ROCKWELL'S Patent Bits, Bridles and Halters, the best ever made. No. 2fi2 Santa Clara street, opposite Auzerais House, San Jose. JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, Piunicr Blacksmith and Carriaye Shop. Ballia,cli*8 Xeiv Brick, cor. Sec- ond st.aixl Fontktuiii Alley, SAN J(>SE. Affent for Fisit Uro.^s Wagons. New Work and rep;uring of Agricultural Implements, etc. W^est's American Tire-Set (er. WM. FISCHER. FresiidHOCEm, PROVISIONS, Hardware, Etc., Etc., BOUGHT LOW, — AND — rOR SALE CHEAP, — AT— No. 294 Santa Clara Street, Near Spring k Co'e Aui-tion Store, SAN JOSB. Everybody tbat knows WM. FISCHER (ami he is well known] will tes- tify that his tioods ape The Best and the Cheapest in Town. Spooner's Prize Flower Sefds. SPOONEE'S BOSTON MARKET VEGETABLE SEEDS. Descriptive Priced Catalogue, with over 150 il lustrations, mailed free to apijlicaut. W. H. SPOONER, Boston, Slass. SANIA CLAEA VALLEY DKTJG STOUE, aOO Santa dura street. Op- posite tile Convent, BAN JOSE, JOHN S. SCOTT, M.D., PInixicinn and Diiiggiat. wsa. A. •z.jyws.s, Waloli-niaksr aid Jewdlsr, No. 309 First Street, SAN JOSE. ARTHURJS Illustrated Home Magazine. Blight. Cheerful. prii^^Ttssive, always up to tlie advain inw thout^ht of the timr, th'- Home Magazine takes rank with th«- leading and must in flueutial . periodicals of the day. 187 I It Is on the side of Tcniperauce and tnio U 'hristian inorKlity. ^V'hattver is hurtful to '' Society it coudeninB without fi-ar or favnr, and makes itself felt in thu homes of the people as a power for The Great Household ^s;r t more thoroughly identified with the people in their home and social life than any other periodical iii the country. "Dehorah Forman: e,^Sr„^n^.'T new serial story by T. S. Arthur, wiU be commeuced in Janu;iry. "Fifty Years Ago; S^'/w.^.:"^^^ " " "' ""' papers will be fresh and new, E. J. WILCOX, Wiicox Block, No, 100 First St., SAXH' JOSE, CAIi. California and Eastern 3Iade BOOTS AND SHOES, A Large and Superior Assortment. JDTo. 40 0 First Street, AVilcux Block, San Joee. Eopella Hire. These and uf uuusal interest Homes for the e, series of admirably jestive articles on Homes anH how to make them plcasHUt and attractive. By Mrs. E. B. Buflfey. "The Story Teller." ^nt^lTl^ unusually rich. Besiiies an abundance of short stories two or three nerials will be given during the year. " T^:---,:-,-,:...-.. ?5 Potts, the inimitable de- JTipblboi W ay. lineator of Home Life and Cliaracter, will have an article In every month. T5,Tiio-;>K'U.'c, NEWEST PATTEltNS for"^ ^LlULviXwX^ O Udies' and children's dresses, are given by special arningemeut every mjnth. " The Lion in Love," i7lerrZ^^. ©d Reader," two large and splendid pn-nnuin en- gravinys. One of these Bent free to eveiy subscriber. lE^ Publishers of the AaBiruLTUKisT will supply tlu'abiive Magazine one year, with premium engraving and patterns, post paid, for only $2 — tbe regular pricf IS $2 &Oa Send in youriird<-i*s at once. Address. Agbiculturist, San Jose, Cal. AP.1IL. 1 s. M. T. w. T. i'. s, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 1 1 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 m: 111:2-!; Vi-[iii\c R. C. Karby & Co., Wholesale Dealers. OFFICE: 402 and 404 Battery St, San Fi'aiici?^co. These Valves are the sim- plest and mt'st perfect in construc- tion of any Valve ever invented. For cheapness, durability and capaeity of discharging witter, they are not eipinled by any other Valve. We manufacture sizes from 3 to 7 inches diameter, and for Hand. Windmill and Horse-power or Steam Pumps. We also keep on hand and manufac- ture the best and cheapest Well Pices. FRED. KLEIN, Dealer In Stoves, etc.. No. '2-11 Santa Clara street, a few doors west of the Postoffice, San Jose, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 927 First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOB Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. C. SCHRODER, CALirOENIA OANDI FACIOE?, 349 Santa Clara Street, Near tho Opera House, San Jose. Confectionery in Great Variety, A%'liolseulu and Retail. 8^" Orders promptly attended to. DI\. J. N. KLIEN, SVRGEOIV DENTIST. mm m im stors, (Deutsche Apotheke), HENEY PIESSNECKEE, ^ Proprietor, No. .tao Santa Clara Street, (Btt. First and Second — South Bide) SAN JOSE. SAN JOSE m FACTSEY. IVIAURICE O'BRIESr, WUolesulo and Ketail Candy Manufacturer, :IN7 Firt^l Street, Near Sau Fornando, San Jose. RHODES &. LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, No. 355 First Street^ SAN JOSE. Boots and Shoes. Patent Pump Valve. Grain Dealer. Candy Factory. Room next to WKIOIIT'S Pbotof,'raph Oallery, Santa Clara Street Fresh Ciiuily and Ice Cream. ''/iM^ A-4-A^' Subscription Price, $1.50 a year. SAN JOSE, CAL., MAY, 1875. Single Copies, 16 cents. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Pago 99, Correspondence. - Dr. Scott). Carbolic Acid (by 100, Bditorial Notes. Etc. 101, Poetry, — Grasshoppers. Some One's Servant Girl. Come, Lovely Spring. Two Simple Rules. Christian Advertising. The Temperant'o Picket. Love. Not the First Class. Etc. 10*3, Editorial Correspondence. 103, Editorial.— Extra Value of Fine Over Common Cattle for Beef. A New and Im- portant Industry. 104, EditoriaL— What Shall We Do With Our Immib'rauts? What Are the Graut^ers Going to Do About it. Reclaiming Alkaline Soils. Summer-fallowing. 105, Hygienic. — Another Physiological Let- ter. DiRinfectante and Deodorizers. Im- portance of Wholesome Beds. IOC, Hygienic (continued). — Purifying the Blood. Sunlight a Necessity. Domestic^ Practical Recipes. Paragraphs Worth Ke- Membering. Miscellaneous Recipes. To- bacco and Bread. 107, Dairy .—Nervous Cows. Creamery Aver- ages. Apiary. — Most Practical BeeHivts. Buckwheat for Bee Pasture. The Profits of Farming. Etc. ■ 108, Stock Breeder.— Keep Pure Breeds. To Fatten Cattle. Dogs and Sheep. Scrub Stock. StockPays All the Time. Etc. ' 109, The Horse. — Breeding Horses for I^so. Hardy Colts the Best. Percherou and Nor. man Horses. Endurance of Eastern Hordes. Pisciculture.— How Fish Spawn Can Be Hutched. How Oysters Are Born. Trout and White Fish. ' 110, Pisciculture (Continued). — Seth Green audHisWurk. Etc. Poultry Yard. — Dark Brahmas. Cock's Combs ae Food. Guinea Fowls. Ill, Porcine.— How to Tell the Age of Hogs. The Berkshire. Feeding Swine in Summer. Cost of Preparing Pork for Market. The Value of a Thoroughbred Boar, ' 113, Correspondence. — Notes of Travel and Id«^as Ui>on Health Subjects. *' Honor to Whom Hiinur is Due." ' 113, Correspondence (continued) .—Politics and Religion in the Granges. ' 11*, Household Reading. — Words of Counsel With Parents. A Mothers Influ- ence. False Delicacy Between jSothers and Daughters. A Cheerful Home. Etc. ' 115, Educational.— A P.irody for the School Room. Taking Agric\iltural Papers. Com- mon Sense. Purs Expression. Words, Thoughts. Actions. Help the Children. Hi>w to Keep a Situation. Etc. * 116, Boys and Girls.— Mollie's Troubles. How a Lad Wheeled Himself into Fortune and luflucuce. Silk-lined House. Moles and Tuads. ' 117, Editorial. — ^New Publications. Etc. DOIT'T THIITK Because We Trust THOSE WORTHY OP CEEDIT We canuot sell Groceries, Hardware, And A.11 Kinds of Goods, As Cheap for Cash As Any Store in Santa Clara Co. A TRY US. UZESLAIS i& POZMCERO Market Street, San Jose. PELTOIT'i SZX-FOI.B HORSE~PC I TTAVING MADE NEW ARRANGEMENTS ^^ with MR. McKENZIE, I am prepared to supply my Powers to all persons favoring me with their or- ders. All Powers hereafter maniifactured can only be obtained of me or my Agents. In future they will be made under my directions and specifications, and nothing but a prime quality of Machinery Iron will be used iu their manufactui'o. I have ■ reatly improved the application and bracing of my Levers, whieh will give them ample strength. All Powers fully wiuTauted. For further information send for cii-culars and price S. rZiLTO]>r, Patentee. San Jose, California. list to A. O. Hooker. W. F. GrscKEL. OFFICE, I 318 'I [First St^ San Jose. Mr. STTTYVESA-ITT, Of Eilgewood, Pouglikeepsie, New York, wishiuf,' to increase his Short-horn herd of cattle, oft'ers for sale is entire herd of AYI\SHII\E CATTLE, Containing Twenty-five Cows in milk ami in CAlf to "ROBBIE BRUCE," Undoubtedly the finest Ayrshire bull iu the country; four Heifers, due to calf by the same Bull during the Summer; seven Heifer Calves, dropped this Spring: fmir Bull Calves of this Spring; one yearling Bull, and the Bull ROBBIE BRUCE. This entire herd will bo Sidd for the simi of $8,000. This herd is ciunpuseti of the two entire herds for- merly belonging to Mr. W. Binni of Springfield Mass., and Mr. H. S. Collins, Collinsville. Conn. Mr. Stuy- vesant having some years since bought these two en- tire herds, and having had a weeding out sale last fall. Mr. Stuyvesant was awarded the HERD PRIZE at the New York St:ite Fair at Rochester, last Fall, with large comijetition. THE PEDIGREES of this stock are all good. Ctitalogiics containing ft description of the herd will be sent on application. Also, catalogue of the small but value herd of Short- horns at Ecigewood written out on applieation. Address, JNO. R. STUY\'ESANT, Edgcwood, Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. T. LOOK TO YOUR INTERESTS ANIJ GO TO THK hwi Mim M, 412 FIEST ST., SAN JOSE. Spring Beds JS&ade to Order at Less than ^Vholesale Prices. J^" Repairing done. StjconLl-baucl riirnittire bonght ami sold. Z. TAYLOR. C. A. HOUGH, PEAI.hl! IN CK0ISEFAMILnE9CSEISS.Pa0V!510H§, T£AS, comiss, Cigars, Tobacco, Oil, Lamps, Etc. ALL GOODS WAKE.VNTED FIRST-CLASS TERM S-^C ASH! c. ^. k o "cr a H, 311 Santa Clara Street, San Jose Bank Building. ^^^ California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal. BREEDERS' DIRECTORY. Parties desiring to imrcliaee Live Stock will ftii'l in this Directory tbe names of some of tbo moBt reliable Breeders. Ouu Rates.— Cards of two lines or less will be in- serted in this Directory at the r^te of 50 cents per month. A line will average about eij^bt words. Payable annually. CATTLE. C. B. POLHEMUS, Sau Jose. Santa dara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle, S. N. PUTNAM, breeder of Pure-bred Durham Cattle, Santa Clara, Cal. S. B. EMERSON, Mountain View, Santa Clara county, Cal.. breeder of Short-Horn and Holstein Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CHARLES CliARK, Miliiitas. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. WM. Q,lirNN, San Jobp, Santa Clara count^v, Cal ., breeder of Short-Hurn Cattle. CYRUS JONES & CO., San .Tose. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. COL.EMAN YOUNGER, San Jose. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. Jj. J. HANCHETT, San Jose. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. R. G. SNEATH, Meiilo Park. San Matoo Co., Cal., choice Jerbey Cows, Heifers .and Hull Calves for sale CARR & CHAPMAN, Gabilan, Nonterey county, Cal ., breedei-s of Trotting Horses, Short-Horn Cattle and Swine, R. B. CANNON, Suisun, Solano county, California, breeder of Short-Hom Cattle and Swine. JOS. Li. CHAMBERS, St. Johns, Colusa county, Cal , breeder of Short-Hom Cattle. C. COMSTOCK, Sacramento, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. J. BREWSTER, Gait Station, Sacramento county, Cal, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. WM. FLEMING, Napa, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. W. L. OVERHISER, Stockton, San Joaquin Co., Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. J. B. REDMOND, Black Point, Marin county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. GEO. R. VERNON, Oakland. Alameda county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. MOSES WICK, Oroville. Butte county, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. J, R. ROSE, LakeviUe. Sonoma county, Califor- nia, breeder of Devon Cattle. G. D. MORSE, San Francisco, Breeder of Short- Horn aud Devon Cattle. J. R. JEWEIiL, Petaluma, Sonoma county, Cal. breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SENECA D.ANIEI S, Lakeville, Sonoma county, Cal., breeder of Devon Cattle. CHAS.G. BOCKIUS, Lomo Place, Sutter coimty, Cal.. breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. JOHN .lUDSON, Bloonifleld, Sonoma county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. A. MILCARD, San Rafael. Marin county, Califor- nia, breeder of Jerseys and Alderneys. U. P. I.IVERMORE, San Francisco, breeder of Short-Hom Cattle. BENNETT & PAGE, San Francisco, breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. L.EWIS PIERCE, Suifiun. flolano county, Califor- nia, breeder of Short-Horn" Cattle. SWINE. S. HARRIS BARRING, San Jose, Cal., breeder of Best Purebred Berkshire Swine. CHARLES C'LARK, Milpitas. Santa Clara county, Cal.. bre-'der of pnrebreil Berkshire Swine, MEAT MARKETS, I EDDY k BHO., Stall No. 1. City Market, do a Rnii- A eral butchering and market business. City orders dcliviindfroo of extra charge. SAN JOSE CLOTHii^C 266 Santa Clara Street, San Tose. O'BANION ^ KENT, BSerchant Tailors and Clothiers, Dealers in All Kinds of GEITTS' FTjniTISSIlTa GOODS, LICHTSTONE BLOCK, Nearly Opposite the Auzerais House. SHEEP AND GOATS, MRS. ROBERT BLACOAV, Centerville, near Niles Station, Alameda county, Cal. Pure-blooded French Merino Rams and Ewes lor sale. A . G. STONESIFER, Hill's Ferry. Stanislaus Co., Cal., breeder of Piu-e-blooded French Merino Sheep. A. VROMAN, Jenny Li nd, Calaveras county, Cal., Cntswold Bucks for sale. References. Moody & Far- iah, San Francisco; Shippee, McKee & Co., Stockton. MARSH «)t RETICKER, San Jose, Santa Clara covinty, breeders of Pure Angora Goats. liENDRUM ag has mills from 10 feet to 45 and 60 feet in diameter, and from 2 to 30 hors-epower. Mr. I, A. Hatch. San Jose, is agent for Santa Cl»ra county. He has lindmueh experience in erecting mills aud tanks, and will guarantee his work and the mills he puts up. my WOODLAND roviiTSL-K- VARDS a Victorious ! Half the Awards at the Last State Fair. Send for Price List of EGGS and FOWLS. DU. W. ,r. PK.\THER, ap W'oodland, Yolo Co., Cal. E. \. Clark. J. W. Haskell. CLARK L HASKELL, M Estate, and General Business A^ent, QEARCHING AND C O N V E V A N<: I N G O promptly and correctly done— Ileal Estate bought and sold. Offick;— In Post Olfice Building.^ Room next to WUKiHT'S Photograph Gallery, Santa Clara Street Dr. IT. Klein, Smgeon Dentist m'w Vol. e. Saxi Jose, Cal., May, 1S75. No. 5. CARBOIiIC ACID. Its Nature and Uses. By JOHN D. SCOTT, M. D. ^ iS'tt'ds. Aghicultueist: In 1832 Keichinback Jfi, discovered iu beech tar a peculiar sub- Ay^ stance -which, from the jiroperty which jjti/ it possessed of preserving meat, he called creosote, from two Greek words meaning meat-preserver. Two years afterwards Riinge discovered a similar substance in coal tar, to which he gave the name of Carbolic Acid, a contraction of carbou-oil-acid. It was con- tended for some time that these two sub- stances were identical, but upon careful chemical analysis they were found to be dis- tinct articles, although possessing some analo- gous properties. "It differs from creosote by being decidedly acid, in being precipitated by acetate of lead, and not being acted upon by ammonia and air, but changed by even dilute nitric acid into a red-brown substance; it also precipitates gelatine; all which proper- ties are wanting in creosote." Owing, how- ever to this close resemblance, creosote is often largely adulterated with carbolic acid. In the shops it occurs in two forms, solid and liquid. When perfectly pure it is found in white masses, or crystals, or in a white liquid heavier than water, but as ordinarily kept the crystals and liquid are of a more or less brownish-red color, owing to imiiurities. It combines with Ume and other bases, when the products are known as carbolates, some of which are very valuable and largely used in the arts. It is very volatile, hence its gi-eat value as a disinfectant. It is also powerfully antisep- tic. A green hide immersed for 21 hours iu an aqueous solution of the acid of the strength of 10 or 15 per cent, will be preserved upon drying for years from putrefaction. It in- stantly deprives stinking fish or meat of its offensive odor, and arrests further decompo- sition by arresting the putrefactive fermenta- tion. It is therefoje one of the most valuable agents iu the process of embalming bodies, and in preserving the skins of birds, animals and reptiles from further change in our cabi- nets and museums. It was largely used in our late unpleasant- ness by surgeons on both sides of the Poto- mac in gun-shot wounds, diseases of the bones and foul suppurating abscesses with the most gratifying results. It not only acted as deodorizer, but stopped at once the putre- factive fermentation, thus striking at once at the root of the evil. The explanation of its salutary results may be found in the fact that their morbid processes are not only originated but kept up by exceeding minute, but poison- ous, organisms to which carbolic acid is in- stant death. By injecting solutions of 5 to 10 per cent, of the acid to the water they are destroyed by the million, and by keeping the parts well bathed with the lotion, or covered with cloths wrung out of it, their recurrence is prevented. Taken iu medicinal doses, say one to two grains or drops to the ounce of sweetened water, and being absorbed into the system, it seems to exert a specific effect upon the kid- nays and bronchial tubes, thus constituting a most valuable diuretic and expectorant. Hence the flooding of the market with car- bolic troches. But its most important use has been thought to be iu the destruction of those veg- etable spores and morbific animalcules which have of late been proven to be the prolific source of many epidemic and contagious dis- esases among MEN AND DOMESTIC ANIMAiS. It has been shown that it acts with distructive agency upon these germs out of the body, and it has been reasonably concluded that it would act with equal effect upon them iu the body. With this view it has been ad- ministered internally, but not sufficiently long and extensively to demonstrate its absolute merits. A few drops of a weak solution are sufficient to prevent the mould on ink and other vege- table solutions. In the concentrated form, it is said to have been used to destroy the pois- onous effects of dissection wounds. It has been recommended in vomiting, diarrhcea, dys- pepsia and flatulence. Whenever putrefac- tion or even common fermentation is suspect- ed in the stomach, carbolic acid by its anti- fermentive and anti-septic properties would be of undoubted efficacy. From the properties of carbolic acid already known and acknowledged it was confidently expected that it would act equally well as a worm medicine; and in the few tri.ils that have been as yet made with it, it has not dis- appointed that expectation. Against the lumbricoids or large red worms it has been found efficient, and used in the form of weak injection we might reasonably hope to find it equally serviceable against the pin worm so distressing both to grown persons and child- ren. Owing to its detergent and antiseptic pro- perties it makes an excellent dentriflce cleans- ing the teeth and the interspaces between them and sweetening the breath. In scarlet fever, diptheria, erysipelas and other ihseases dependent upon a morbid con- dition of the blood, it may be used not only hygienieally but internally with the reason- able expectation of exerting an antiseptic action on that imjjortant fluid. Upon old, indolent and foul ulcers, either in the form of a weak lotion or ointment, it acts with great energy by not only cleansing them but by stimulating them to renewed and healthy action. In the crystals or concentrated liquid form it acts as a poworful caustic, turning the parts white to which it is applied and removing the cuticle, which, before separation, turns to a dark, brownish color. The application pro- duces severe pain, which lasts for an hour or more, and the acid in this form should bo used with extreme caution. It is by its pow- erful caustic effect in killing the nerve that it instantly relieves the toothache; but it should never be used in this way by unskillful hands, as it will produce painful eschars in the mouth wherever it touches. Of course, such a powerful disorganizer, when taken into the system, would produce the most liolent and fatal effects. A solution of lime in water, which converts the acid into carbolate of lime, would be, put up, the readiest and most ef- fectual antidote. In itch it acts as a specific, destroj-ing the insect whose presence and ravages constitute the cbsease. It is equally ser%iceable in many other skin diseases, particularly those of the head and scalp. In these cases it is used as a wash, ointment, or bath. In diseases of the ear with purulent and offensive discharges it has been found particularly beneficial. In scalds and burns, in the proportion of 10 to \'> drops to the ounce of water it has been highly recommended. It is said to allay the pain instantly and dispose the parts to heal kiudl}' and without subsequent contraction. It may be given internally in the dose of 1 or 2 grains, or drops, as the case may be, in one ounce of sweetened water. As a caustic, it is used as obtained from the shops, care being taken to limit its appUcatinn to the dis- eased parts. As a lotion to the skin, it may be dissolved in the proportion of 1 part of the acid to 100 or 200 of water. As an applica- tion to the throat in scarlet fever, dii)theria, bronchitis, catarrh, etc., as spray in an atom- izer, it may be used in the projjortion of one grain or drop to the ounce of water, gradually increasing the strength to -i or 5 as thought advisable. As a gargle in such cases, take 20 grains or drops of the acid, half a drachm of vinegar, 2 ounces of the tincture of myrrh, and C oz of water. This is said to fail but seldom in diptheria. As an ointment for cancers, ulcers, etc., 5 grains or drops may be rubbed up with an ounce of lard, unsalted butter, suet or simple cerate, and applied on cloths. As its prophylactic and disinfectant proper- ties are not among the least of its virtues, it may be dissolved in the proportion of an ounce of the acid to one gallon of water and hung round the sick room in cloths saturated with the solution, introduced into the dejec- tions, and sponged from time to time over the bodies of the sick. It is thought to have ex- erted vei-y beneficial effects, used in this way, in private and hospital practice, in arresting the spread and mitigating the severity of ery- sipelas, diptheria, puerperal, scarlet, yellow and tyjihoid fevers. During the prevalence of such epidemics, no house or hospital with a single case of any of these dangerous dis- eases should be without an abundant suijply of this valuable disinfectant. In times of epidemics and jiestilences our street sprink- lers might be converted into powerful sanitary agencies by the addition of a few ounces of the acid to each ban-el of water. It was thought to have exerted a highly useful effect in checking the spread and mod- erating the severity of the late (^Continued on page 117, this issue.) California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ' s. S. HAEKIS HEEEING & CO., Editors anil Publishers. p^-^iT^p^'uaiSJm OFFICE; Over the San .lose Savings Bnnk, Balb.-ii'lt's Buildlii}:. Santa C'lai'U Stieel, near Firat, S.an Jose. SPECIAL TSEMS TO AGENTS. BATES OF ADVEKTISING. Per one Column S15 0(1 Per Month " half Column 8 00 " •' " fourth Column 4 00 •' " eishth Column 2 00 " " •' nixteenth Column 100 " '* IE?- Wo are determinecl to adhere to to our resolution to admit none but worthy business advertising in our columns, and to keep clear of patent undicine, liquor, and other advertisements of diMilittnl influence. the large circulation, the dr Mrulile class of readers, and the neat and convenient form, nnders this Journal a choice medium for reaching the attention of the niasscs. EDITORIAL NOTES. An industrial exhibition will be held under the auspices of the Mechanics' Institute, in the city of San Francisco, to be opened on Tuesday, the 17th of August, 1875, at II a.m. and to continue open at least one mouth thereafter. Our compliments are due to Mr. Boots, of Alviso, for a box of mammoth aparagus. His lociility, near the buy, can beat the world on asjiaragus. Some of the stalks measured 4% inches in circuniferance, and many exceeded four inches, and Mr. Boots said thtit he (hd not bring us the biggest either. Great anxiety is felt and expressed on every hand as to what shtiU we do with the many immigrants who have come and are coming here this dry season, who have not the means to purchase homes and business. The qticstion is simjily answered to the point: Encourage families to find cheap lands tind settle upon them; aid individuals in finding employment, or give it them if possible ; in- stead of hiring Chinamen because they work cheap, open your Christian hearts and give work to your own countrymen and women, who come here to live, and who need your aid, and are able with faithful work to rcttnn your^consideratiim. The country is largo enough for millions of industrious people. Let us all tncourago the immigrants that are coming, and let John go to the Cclestiitl King- dom where all his interest and his bones must lie. Another thing. There are many tracts of land now held in large bodies that may bo bought up and divided into small farms and sold (in easy trrins. Here is a chance for the wealthy to show their philantliropy hy invest- ing safely and wisely and well. We call attention to the article from Dr. Scott on "Carbolic Acid." Stock-raisers, sheep-herders and poultry-keepers, many of them, already know the value of carbolic soap as a destroyer of lice, scab, etc. It is only a few years since its efficacy was known. But few scientific authorities, and those only the latest, contain the information which every- body desires. We have'often been requested to publish something late and reliable upon this subject, and how to use carbolic acid in destroying animal and vegetable parasites, etc. Dr. Scott is your man. What he has not explained on any point to your satisfac- faction he will endeavor to do through our columns, if requested by those desiring it. Give the Children a Chance.— We sec- ond the hints here given by a lady in an ex- change: "I would give every boy and girl something to raise, which they might enjoy the profits of; the girl could have fruit trees, strawberry beds, bees, poultry; the boys, colts, calves, sheep and farm crojis. It should be understood that this must not interfere with regular school or family duties. It should be play-work to earn the wherewithal for greater pleasure. I would treat my children in these matters In the most scrupulous and exacting business way, without any indulgence — leav- ing them to get the lessons of their mistakes, just as they will have to do in the outside world." ■ »■ K ..— CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROP. All over the State the April frosts were se- vere. We have intelligence from Los Ange- les that etirly potatoes were killed and much fruit injured. When they have such frosts there, the rest of the Sttite must suffer worse. Much fruit at Marysville has been destroyed. AH over the Sttito apricots and almonds are cut short, almost without exception, and peaches will be searce. We notice favorable reports from Santa Barbara only. In some localities even apples and pears are killed — not the trees, but the fruits. About San Jose we have taken pains to ascertain definitely the condition of the fruit crop. Mr. C. T. Settle, manager of the Alden drying factory, says his apricots and almonds are all killed. The French prune — Petit Prune de Agen — is nearly aU killed. The Hungarian prune — Gross Prune de Agen — is half de- stroyed. The Ickworth's Imperatrice plum, a valuable sort, is not injured. The Black Tartarian cherry is badly cut off; not half a crop. Other varieties a full crop. There will be two-thirds of a crop of pears; tho Seokleand other early v.arieties suffered most; late pears all right. Apples will show little injury; the Bed Astrachau and White Winter I'earmsiiu are killed tho worst. Blackberries and grapes were not advanced enough to be hurt. Mr. Patterson, who litis the finest prune orchard in the country, says his crop is nearly (dl killed. The only prune that escaped is tho Follenburgh. His testimony generally agrees with Mr. Settle's. Ho adds tho Brad- shaw plum to tho list littlo injured, and says the Winter NuUis sutl'ered worst of any pear. Mr. Patterson's place is on low, moist soil, and he seems to suB'cr a greater loss from frost than any other one, ■which is unfortu- nate. Judge Archer and Mr. Sweigart, who are largely engaged in cherry orcharding on high- er soil, report the almost entire loss of Black Tartarian cherries. The Gov. Wood and Napoleon Bigarreau have escaped injury; other varieties not much destroyed. Mr. Tarleton, who is an extensive orchard- ist, reports but little injury to his fruit crop. Early strawberries generally were badly killed, but the late crop will be enough greater to make it up. LANDS FOR IMMIGRANTS. If immigrants who come to this State with- out means to purchase farms in settled dis- tricts will strike out for outside pubUc lands, they will stand a chance for homes and for- tunes in a few years. But they must be brave and venturesome and enterprising to succeed. We point out a _few places. The Call says: We can state, on the authority of the Lake- port Bfc, published in Lake county, that Deputy United States Surveyor Perrin has just completed the survey and subdivision of townships 10, 11 and 12 north, range 13 west, and of township 12 north, range 12, in that county, which tracts are now open to home- stead and pre-emption entry. The See says that these lands are good for farming pur- poses. They contain timber in abundance and are well stipplied with streams of running water. Liike isoue of the most healthlul and beautiful of our cotiuties. It contains numer- ous patches of grazing lauds, and is among the first butter and cheese locaUties of the State. The Bee invites poptilation, and there is not, pcrhtips, any region where the induce- ments are greater fof settlement. SHASTA DISTKICT. We are informed by the United States Reg- ister of the Shasta District that there are hundreds of thousands of acres in his district of unoccupied land — some good farming, ex- cellent grazing, and fine timber land. "This is one of the largest districts in the State. It extends from the town of Tehama to the Ore- gon line, and ninety miles wide. One of the most remarkable of the natural features of our State is the existence of two great mountain ranges, running northwest and southeast, viz., the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range of mountains. Near the north- ern boundiiry of the State they are connected by means of a hititudinal range, in which stands the grand and majestic Mount Shasta. Mount Shasta txinoug the monnttiins of this section of the country is like Saul among the thousands of Israel. It is one of the grand- est mountains that we ever gaxcd upon. The contrast between the living emerald and tho fairy-like garment of i)ure white is splendid beyond description. For eight thousand feet or more the mighty giant is clothed with vari- otis trees of evergreen, but (ho upper portion is robed in a garment of virgin purity. Who would not like to own a fine farm un- der tho wing of this sublime Mount Shasta? The Sacramento Aijricnllurht thus speaks of Lodi: The little town of Lodi — formerly known as Moki'luiuuo Station — is one of the must de- lightful nn-id retreats in tho great San Joa- quin valley. As an objective point for immi- grants, it jiossesses many advantages worthy of favorable consideration. Tho statistics of the Governniont show that tobacco costs tho nation many millions more than its broad does. i:^* California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. loctvin For the Agbicultitrist. Grasshoppers. BY WA.LTEK. c^ laoe. Let the shrewd politipians, lawyers, traders and all. Scorn us now if they will, pride will yet have a fall. We'll be upright and Iionest.phun monop()lieseu uiabso And liraugers ere long will be calk-d the first cl.iss. H. M. MoNTliOMKUT. Physiology, If yoTi are about eij^hteen years of age, yon have IGU boues, aud 500 muscles; 25 pouutls of blood; your heart is 5 inches loug aud 3 broad; it beats 70 times a miuute, 4,200 times au hour, 100, SOO times a day, aud 30,722,200 a year. About 2 ounces of blood are thrown out of it at every beat; so that it disburses about seven tons of that life uourishiug ele- ment every daj*. Your luugs will contain a gallon of air, and you inhale 21,000 gallons a day. The weight of your brain is something over three pounds, aud the uuuiber of nerves upward of 10,000,000. Your skiu is composed of three layers, aud varies from oue-eighth to one-fourth of au inch in thickness, and is subject to a pressure of 15 pounds to the square inch. Each square inch cont-aius 3,500 pores, each about one-fourth of au inch in length, making au aggregate length of the entire surface of your body of 201,166 feet. A tile-ditch fordraiuiag the body, al- most 40 miles long. We are sorry to learu that the supposed strong firm of St. John. Abbott Sc Co., ex- tensive dealers iu stock, have failed, with lia- bilities exceeding :?250, 000. A meeting of the creditors of the lirm was to have been held iu San Fraucifco on Monday. We understand that the firm states that if au extension of time is granted by the creditors, they will be able to meet all demands. The firm has been largely engaged in buying and selUing cattle in Fresno, Tulare, Kern, Monterey, San Luis Obispo aud San Francisco counties for years, their transactions yearly ranging in the mil- lions. In this county they were noted as the lessees of the Laguua de Tache grant, near Kin£;stou. Amou2 the heaviest losers in this county are Justin" Esery aud Gilroy & Co., but a large number of others are in for smal- ler amounts. It is to be hoped that the firm will be able to relieve itself from its present financial embarrassment. The heaviest cred- itors of the firm, we are informed, reside in Sau Francisco. — Fresno Expositor. :i, California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal. EDITOEIAL CORRESPONDENCE. HoLLisTER, April 19th. SAN JOSE TO HOLLISTEK. For our own gratification and information, as well as to gather up fresh inspiration from the country for our pen, we have taken a trip southward through the Santa Clara and San Benito valleys; one grand extension of valley lands lyiug between the coast and Diablo, or Gabilan, ranges of mountains, that join a few miles south of HoUister into broken, rugged, rounded hills, valleys and peaks extending for many miles further south. From San .Jose to HoUister the valley is almost continuous — occasionally interrupted by hills stretching out across the level lands to add variety to the incomparable scenery. On either hand are beautiful farms where the laud is not mo- nopolized by the Murphy and other grants. Whore it is, are broad acres, inviting only to mock the immigrant who would settle; it is virtually fenced against civUization and im- provement. What a shame that such vested rights are superior to the rights of man, to the earth as to the air we breathe. The x\.pril frosts, together with winds and drouth, gives VEGETATION a brown appearance quite discouraging to fanners. But the few warm days lately have given a fresher green, and although a fuU crop is not possible without rain soon, yet there will be only a partial failure. GILROT. Gilroy is a very pretty town indeed, but does not present the appearance of a very flourishing town. There are too few small farms, too much land and property monopoly, and not enough encouragement for enterprise in competition with Chinese labor which the tobacco business has brought into the place. And, by the way, we are crediby assured that this tobacco business is a curse to Gilroy as a town, and of no benefit to the country around; that the tobacco is not of as good quality as it is reputed to be by the influential company that controlls it. The leaves grow eummy in our (h'y climate, and the flavor is too strong. We are no tobacco man in any sense, but have been observing the movement until we are satisfied we can say no good of it. SA^ BENITO VALLEY. From Gilroy to Hollistcr is a fine farming country wher(!ver the land is divided up into farms; but we can never ride through unoc- cupied tracts held by monopolists without feeling rebellious against a system that will permit such a thing. The crops about Hol- lister look even better than in the Santa Clara valley. It is evidently not the dry and un- inviting place that some have represented it to be. We had not seen the place in four years, and although we expected to see improve- ments, were surprised at such evident signs of prosperity. The town itself shows not so much of acquired wealth in expensive build- ings as of business enterprise which is the foundation of wealth. The residences are narly all pretty, one-story, painted houses, with front yards neatly fenced and set out with trees, shrubbcn-y, vines and flowers, jiist such houses as well-paid mechanics, trades- men and laborers can own, and which are the best indication of prosperity and comfort. Years ago, while the valley was still a sheep range. Col. HoUister planted some pepper trees around his residence. These are now fine, large trees, and from them seeds have been planted everywhere, and HoUister is consequently beautified from one end of the town to the other with this magnificent ever- green. There is no finer street or ornamental tree than the graceful {Schinus molle) South American pepper tree. It will grow in the dryest places without irrigation but is suscep- tible to moisture, and in rich soil makes large trees. The old trees here are splendid specimens, and the young ones grow remark- ably rapid, as does everything else which is cultivated in this fertile valley. While this whole region was occupied as a sheep ranch it was thought fit for nothing else. It was not supposed that a crop of gi-ain could be grown in any season, or that it could ever be covered with farms, circhng about so flourishing a town. The exj^erience of old Californians who had seen the country settled up in other sections, where it was pre- viously thought to be equally as ill adapted to cultivation, gave a few confidence in this place, but the majority of persons who saw the big sheep ranch were incredulous. The associating who bought it up, divided it into farms 170 acres, with a town laid off into squares and lots, have proven their wisdom, and not only made homes, but in the rise of property have acquired more wealth than years of labor could accumulate. Finer farms cannot be found in the State than some of those about HoUister, so far as good soil, facilities for mai-ket and beautiful sun-ouud- ings are concerned. A few are well improved and many are being improved as fast as the means of the owners wiU admit. The best assurance of an advancing civilization is that the land is owned in small tracts by actual settlers. On the richest soil near town there are many five and ten acres places cultivated as gardens, orchards, etc., where wind-mills are being ei-ected and homes built. Fine schools, pubUc and private, several and other public enterprises, speak well for the place. The place is only about six years old, and of course everything is new— in fact, in town and out, it is not half grown yet; but is like a jjromising child. The Ijranch of the Southern Pacific Kail- road that terminates at Tres Pinos, six miles south, runs through HoUister, and over it is transported the wheat and other products that seek San Francisco for a market. A narrow gauge railroad will be built to connect with the Salinas and Monterey road and with the road that wiU run to Santa Cruz and up the coast. Not only docs an immense section of stock and agricultural lands center upon HoUister as a trading post, but there is lying to the east and south a large mining country, rich in quicksilver and other metals. Its prosperity is not only assured by present de- velopments, but the prospe<:ts are all flatter- ing. IloUister's location must always bo in its favor. We might give an array of statis- tics that would be interesting, but these can bo obtained elsewhere. All arrangements have been perfected, and pipe purchased, for bringing water from Pi- cacho creek, about eight miles distant, pure mountain water, to supply the town. The weU water is not bad, only a Uttle hard. Upon the top of a bluff'-like hill at the north of the town, which commands a view of the surrounding counti-y, vdU. be placed a reser- voir. To-day we have taken a ride among the farms over a portion of the San Benito and Santa Anna valleys. The latter is a small, beautiful valley, nestled among hills, six to eight miles east of HoUister, and covered by some twenty farms — a perfect gem of a valley, such as can be found nowhere else on earth but along our Pacific slope. Here are line farms of level land, well fenced, and pastures on either side reaching into and over the hills. Grand oak trees, in clusters, aflbrd shaae and protection for farm houses and stock, and add much to the loveUness of the scene. In the center of the valley is a school house, the seal that stamps our country to independence and freedom forever. Here are fine fields of gram and flax. FLAX GBOAVDfO appears to be quite an important matter in this section, and even about HoUister, in every direction. Notwithstanding the dry season, full crops of flax wiU be grown on many farms. On the farm of John A. Eeed is a large field of as fine flax as can be seen in any season in any country. It is the vari- ety known here by the name "California Coast," or "Monterey" flax. It is a tall- growing sort, with fine seeds. Another kind, known by the name of ChiU flax, a shorter- growing kind, with plump, large seeds, does not look as well this dry year, but is said to be a fine kind in wet seasons. The best field of flax we saw was sown just after the last heavy rains. But it is the opinion of experi- enced farmers that, one year with another, it is best to sow as early as possible; the same as with grain, the early sown averages the best. Mr. M. Pomeroy, who has a very fine field of flax, says that some fields will average twelve to fifteen hundred jiounds to the acre this season. The late sown wiU be light, but it is thought the whole average yield in this section will not be less than eight hundred pounds to the acre. There are many fine fields of WHEAT AND BARLEY in spite of the dry weather. The extremely cold spell that did so much damage through- out the State had a serious effect here. But, notwithstanding the reputation of HolUster as a di-y place, the crops wiU average very good without more raiu, wherever the crops were weU put in early in the season, or before the last rains. The finest field of barley we saw was on the W. P. Phillips farm, sown early on light but rich, well-oiltivated soil. The best wheat was on heavier soU that was not plowed over three inches daep, but was very thoroughly plowed with narrow plows and finely har- rowed. We find but few adherents to the deep plowing theory. The most of old Cali- fornians know bettei from experience; but none can plow or cultivate too thoroughly or too much when the soil is in suitable coudi- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. tion. Much land was plowed when too wet; some was allowed to lay in this condition till it was bilked into lumps that no harrowing could pulverize. Of course, on such soil only light crops will be produced. Much land was too lightly harrowed after plowing and seed- ing— merely scratched in. Such shows the drouth, and is spotted. ■ Farmers who are careless, or by trying to do too much do not do it well, are the ones who wiU be punished. We saw no summer-fallowed crops, but wo found many advocates of the system. The objection seems to be that one can hardly af- ford to let laud lie idle a whole year to get a crop the next, when four years in five a good croj) is assured without all that trouble. Sev- eral are talking of trying it, though, on about one-quarter of their laud another year, "for luck." One thing they are determined not to do any more, that is, to wait to see whether it is going to be a good season before sowing their grain. Several who did wait, then sowed after the last promising rain on muddy soil, will have to harvest by pasturing. Had late rains been abundant, the late sown grain might have been the best. THE PBICE OF FAKMS of 170 acres varies from $40 to $75 per acre. Rich garden spots at San Felipe and near town range from $200 to $400 per acre, in small lots, and are advancing all the time. AN IMMENSE OECHAED of over 300 acres, in one body, on what is called the San Joaquin Ranch, four miles northeast of Hollister, was this Spring set out by Flint, Bixby & Co. There are 65,0U0 trees in this little California orchard, mostly almonds, but numbering many prune and apricot trees. The soil is gavelly adobe, easy to work, and rich enough for the purpose. With proper care, this orchard will, within half a dozen years, speak for itself. One can ride nearly two miles alongside of it in a straight road. ARTESIAN WELLS are being bored in this and adjoining valleys. At San Juan are two fine flowing wells 150 feet deep. At San Felipe are several flowing wells. We saw Mr. Patterson, the well known well-borer of San Jose valley, boring a well on Phillips' ranch. He has gone 410 feet through rich soil, and expects soon to strike a flowing stream. We couldn't help thinking how would some of the farmers in New Eng- land like to have 400 feet of soil dropped upon their farins, where stones are the prin- cipal crop. But in California valleys, for miles and miles in extent, anywhere from 50 to 500 feet of soil is nothing to be wondered at. EXTRA VALUE OF FINE OVER COM- MON CATTLE FOR BEEF. While at Hollister we had a long conversa- tion with Sir. Oscar Peck, an old friend and experienced butcher, on the question of com- parative values of common and well-bred stock for beef. Mr. Peck says that Spanish steers five years old will average about 500 pounds dressed weight, while one-half to three- fourths Durham or Devon steers, same age, will weigh about 700 pounds; also, that owing to the heavier hides, more rough taUow, and extra heavy loiu and prime cuts of beef, the fine cattle will average worth to the butcher one cent per pound more on foot, dressed weight. Let us look at the figures. Common beef, the present time, is worth five cents on foot. A five year old fat Spanish steer, 500 pounds, would bring $25. An improved American steer, same age, would weigh 700 pounds, and be worth six cents, or $42 — a difference of $17 per head in favor of good breeding. The cost of raising the well-bred animal is no more than the low bred. Last Christmas Mr. Peck bought six head of Cotswold and Southdown cross-bred fat sheep for $6 per head that weighed, dressed, 120 pounds each. The pelts sold for $2 each. Common fat sheep were worth $3 50 per head at the same time, and would average only 50 jjounds each — pelts worth $1 25 each. Any one can figure for himself the superior profit of the fine sheep to the butcher. If farmers generally fully understood the amount of clear profit there is in breeding and raising only the best breeds of stock, there would be everywhere a demand for the best, and fine breeding males to grade up the com- mon stock would be the order of the day. It costs too much to raise cattle to sell them at low prices with profit. It is what can be re- alized above cost that counts, and viewed in this light there is at least three to one in favor of weU bred stock. A NEW AND IMPORTANT IN- DUSTRY. There has just been established in San Jose an industry that must prove of great import- ance to California, and of interest to our citi- zens and all inhabitants of the Northern States especially. It is a dyeing house and tannery for the tanning and coloring of An- gora goat pelts and preparaiug them for use. Mr. Henry T. Welch, who served an ajipren- ticeship at fancy dyeing in Portland, Maine, his native place, and who has been employed as dyer at the San Jose Woolen Mills some four years, lias, after three years experiment- ing, succeeded in dyeing Angora goat pelts a beautiful, glossy, permanent black without iu the least injuring the skins. There has been no difficulty heretofore in coloring the mohair alone with the use of hot dyes, but to color pelts without ruining the skins has been something that no other man in America has succeeded in doing. One or two firms in Europe have dyed furs and pelts black, but even they do not leave the skin strong and soft. Mr. Welch has perfected a process of his own that surpasses anj'thiug ever before discovered. The natural gloss of the mohair is not only not injured, but seems to be in- tensified. The dyes do not have to be applied hot, yet they so permanently color the mohair that no acids alter the color, and even chlo- rine gas will not destroy the black. Mr. W.'s attention as first called to this matter by some Angora goat raisers who wished to get pelts colored. He experienced no difliculty in col- oring any excepting dark brown and deep black colors. His success is the reward of an indefatigable determination and long, patient expeiimentiug. Mr. McCracken, of Lewis & McCracken, Angora goat breeders, San Jose, has entered into copartnership with Mr. Welch in this en- terprise. The firm McCracken & Welch have erected a dyeing house and tannery on tho Guadiilupe creek just west of the San Jose Woolen Mills, where thej' are prepared to tan as weU as dye sheep, goat, deer, wolf, fox and other skins and furs in any quantity and in a manner that cannot be surpassed in the world. They prefer to tan the skins they dye, as the dyeing process is best commenced before the skin is completely tanned, and when the work is finished it is nearer perfectly done in every resiject. But they can color the fur on skins that are already tanned, and finely, too, but it is more trouble to do so. We have visited the establishment, examin- ed the skins and the tanned and colored pelts, fuis, etc., and are satisfied, as is every one who has examined the work, that success is certain. Now as to the importance of this discoverj', it can hardly be over-estimated. There are no prettier or better buggy or sleigh robes than can be made of colored Angora gout pelts. The glossy mohair is heavy and wavy naturally. No better over-coat robes for cold countries can be made of any material. The skins can be taken from the animals as soon or as long after shearing as one chooses, and long or short fur or mohair is the result. Wo have seen ladies' capes and cloaks made and trimmed with Angora that were very beautiful. There is no nicer trimming than a pure white or black Angora strip from a tanned pelt. Now that the buffaloes and fur bearing ani- mals generally are getting scarce, the An|;ora will be found an excellent substitute for many IHirjJoses; ami now that the breeding and rais- ing of Angora goats on this coast is proved to be a success, and must become a great indus- try, the matter can at once be seen to be quite important. Half the annusJ increase of all flocks are males, chiefly valuable for pelts and meat until they are very high grade, when of course the mohair will be valuable for some years before kilhng. But every goat above a three-fourths grade will make a valuable pelt whether young or old. The market for these beautiful and valuable pelts will be almost uuUmited and as -nido as the uses to which they may be put. We will not overlook the fact that the An- gora pelts have been beautifully tanned and finished and manufactured into robes for some years by Mr. Eberhardt, tanner, Santa Clara. 3Ir. E. deserves much credit for his enterprise in this department of his business. He has given much encouragement to the breeders of Angora goats, and demonstrated the wide utility of the tanned pelts. The dyeing of them by Mr. Welch has put the finishing touch to the trade, and as a result a new im- petus will be given to the Angora business, and wealth will flow to our State in equal proportion to the demand and supply, which must be continually enlarging. . ■>!■»■ Along the river, above Sacramento, for a distance of eight or ten miles, there is one vast alfalfa field, some of it standing waist high. The farms here are generally di\'ided off into small fields, and hogs, cattle and sheep kept in the different divisions. — Sac. Agricul- i'-!s^-<5%:- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OJJK IMMIGRANTS? The questiou " Wlint Hhall we do -n-ith our immigrauts?" is forciug itself iipon us as the thousands are coming overland this sea- son. A dry year and short crops will not make the matter any easier of solution. If this country was open to settlement — in other words, if our lands now held as grants and that have been gobbled up in large tracts by speculating land pirates, were open to preemp- tion—there would be a chance for poor people to help themselves. But as it now is they are virtually "fenced out," and left to starve on the highways and byways of our State. The country is broad and beautiful, the climate is genial, the soil prolific, and only needs the hand of industry to make it yield abundantly for aU. There is plenty of room for many thousands of homes. But the selfish greed of dishonest men, under a system that allows robbery to run riot, and that protects villainy against individu.il right in our free country, has brought about such a condition of afl'airs as gives no encouragement to individual en- terprise unless backed up by money enough to buy out somebody that holds titles to the lands. Then again, the State is flooded by Chinese menials who can live upon very little, and who labor for less wages and board them- selves than any other mortals upon the earth. There is little demand for intelligent men and women at remunerative wages, to woi-k for those who employ labor. The immigrant is doubly barred out. The broad lands are not accessible Nvithout a toll that a poor man can nof pay, and his labor cannot be readily sold at a remunerative price in competition with the Chinese. Capital has no soul, and only seeks to aggregate to itself, at the expense of human effort, evorythiug possible. There seems to be but one principle in business, i.e., to make as much money at once as possible. Human wellfare is not taken into considera- tion. Money is not the servant — does not conserve the interests of man, but is the grand h.ard master that rules and ruins with inexorable pressure. So terrible is this mo- nopoly that but few persons are willing to de- vote money to advancing human welfare, even when the probabilities are that it will be re- turned. Our civilization is predicated upon money; mankind worships it, is a slave to it, and suiters martyrdom for it, to be crushed by it. And for the reason that we are so cursed, our civilization is very nearly a failure. While anything we can say wiU not remedy the matter, we cauuot help deprecat- ing the condition, and feeling solicitous for the many new comers who desire to make homes amongst us. The class of people who come here to live are just such as we need to settle up the State, advance the industrial in- terests, build up schools and further the gen- oral prosperity of the whole people. It is a narrow despicable principle that would throw stumbling blocks in the way of encouraging the settlement of this State by making; it dif- ficult to get homes and to obtain labor. And it is the evident d\ity of every one who has a feeling of humanity and patriotism in his bosom to do all he can to remove all impedi- ments and to give all the aid and comfort pos- sible to eviry family that enti.TS the State to make tlieir homes amongst us. WHAT ARE GRANGERS GOING TO DO AEOUT IT ? Probably more than one half the immi- grants that have been induced to come to Cal- ifornia this year have been induced to do so through the lepresehtations made by the Im- migrant Aid Committee of the State Grange. If there is destitution, want of work, no chance to get homes, and suffering amongst those who are willing and anxious to work and cannot, the Grange will be largely respon- sible for it. The placing of such a man as Josiah Earl at the head of aiTairs to take ad- vantage of the necessities of immigrants who, having confidence in the Grange, allow them- selves to be directed by him, is a mistake that should be at once remedied. No member of the State Grange has taken any notice of the investigation of the Com- mittee on swamp and overflowed lands, a por- tion which we published last month. Why not? If they recognize Mr. Earl as their agent, are they not to be held responsible? AVe demand of the State Grange to know why they jdace such men at the head of so im- portant and responsible a position. We are not at enmity with the Grange. We can never consent to see the influence of the Grange subverted to the uses of the most villainous laud pirates in this piratical State to prey upon immigi-ants without put- ting in a protest. The Ageicttltukist is in everj' sense a friend to the poor and deserving, and in no sense a supporter of intrigue in any respect. The leaders in the Grange have steered very shy of us. They have never communicated with us, or rather through the AGHicuLTtiEisT to the people, as they have done through sev- eral other journals. Honest men are not in the habit of discarding honest means, and we challenge the State Grange Execuiive Committee to give one honest reason for treating the Agkicultueist as unfriendly to Grange principles or as being unworthy of the confidence of honest men. Every Grapger in this State has a right to know what material the immigrant aid com- mittee, or agency, is composed of, and what it is doing. And it is clearly the duty of every Granger to lend all the aid possible to immigrants, to assist them in obtaining homes, employment and honest treatment. Let your humanity become materialized in good works. ^ # » RECLAIMING ALKALINE SOILS. Experiments and practice in Utah, Colora- do, Nevada and California have proven that the way to reclaim alkaline soils is to first ob- tain a good drainage, then flood -with water and leach the salts from the soil. On light soils that water will readily penetrate and drain ofi' through the subsoil, no difficulty has been encountered iu producing fine crops where irrigation is applied, from the very first season of cultivation. The alkali, when washed out of the surface soil, is prevented from rising again by irrigation. But let the surface get dry, and as the moisture raises from below the alkali held in solution rises with it of course, and as the water evajiorates is left upon the surface. It is found best to underdrain where the soil is fine and heavy, then irrigate copiously the first year and drain the alkali out as much as possible. As the alkaU deposited in lower depths cunnot arise unless brought up by moisture, the policy is to keep the moisture from raising either by irrigation or such fine surface cultivation as to prevent the loss of moisture through the surface into the air. The correct principle once understood, the reclaimation of alkaline soil proves to be very simple. There is no richer soil on the coast when it is once reclaimed and well managed, and it is inexhaustible. Indeed the very al- kali is only an overplus of rich earthy salts which would be a fortune to some farms in the East, where there is more acid than alkali in the soil. It seems to us that if some per- sons we know of, who own alkaline soils, only knew how valuable they would l>e if once reclaimed, and how easily they might be ren- dered fertile, they would not let them lie idle in poor pasture year after year, as they do. It would be a good investment for some enter- prising man to buy such places and develop them into splendid farms. SUMMER-FALLOW-REASONS WHY The want of rain sets many persons think- ing about summer-fallowing and how to so cultivate the soil as to best economize the moisture it contains for plant grow'th. Ex- perience has abundantly proved that crops of grain can be produced on land that has laid fallow a year when adjoining lands that raised a crojj wiU fail from drouth. In seasons of abundant rains it is, jjerhai^s, economy to crop all the ground, or would be if one was oure the following season would also be wet enoiigh. But in this uncertain climate it certainly is policy for every farmer who lives upon such soil as depends upon the rains for moisture, to every year fallow a portion of his farm. He will not be much injured by so doing in good seasons, and will be greatly benefitted in dry ones, as aU must admit. We notice that on all lands that laid fallow last year there is promise of fair crops this sea- son. We notice that the prevailing opinion or notion as to why summer-fallowing land helps the next crop, seems to be the idea that restbuj the soil is what helps it and makes it produce. Men whose knowledge of chemi&try is very limited will insist that it recuperates the soil to lie so long idle; that gasses in the air penetrate the soil and supply material for new growth, etc. A little of such philosophy is enough. The real reason is simple and satisfactoiy without such conjectures. Soil which lies fallow retains its moistiu-e through the season, if it is left in proper shape, and, of course, another season's rain added to it fills the soil with moisture sufficient to with- stand drouth and make a crop without late rains in the Sjiriug. So far as the rest to the soil is concerned, it needs no rest, and may be cropped perpetually if sujipliedwith water and manure. On farms that are not very badly affected by drouth, it is found better to rotate crops than it is to summer-fallow. For instance, where grain was grown last year, lot it volun- teer for hay this, cut early and jiasturo the balance of this season and next year, then ^ "^v^ ; California Agriculturist akd Live Stock Journal. pnt in grain again, and the gi-ain crop will be as good as on (allowed laud, and the soil will give a return each season. But on very dry soil summer fallow is the only sure method of getting a full crop in any season. The proper depth to plow when summer- fallowing is another questipn of interest. We do not think it makes much difference. To plow deep a great expense of power must be used, and even then it %vill bo necessary to have the surface finely jjulverized to resist the drying effects of sun and winds and retain the moisture the most completely. Shallow plowing, or thorough surface cultivation with- out plowing, wiU answer the same purposes. All that is needed is to make a few inches of light soil for a mulching on the surface, which should be stirred often enough to keep all weeds from growing, and be just thick enough to prevent the escape of moisture from the soil into the air by evaporation. Some persons have acquired the idea that loose earth will condense moisture from the air, and think that if they stir the soil deeply it will obtain all needed moisture without raiu. This is a serious mistake, in our dry climate at any rate, tractice will prove that if you want your soil to dry out fast the best way to do is to stir it deep and often, and sci- ence will show you that the dew point in our dry climate is lower than the temperature of the soil in Summer, hence the impossibility of such condensation. The fact is, we have to depend upon what moisture there is stored in the soil for our crops, and we should see that a sufficient amount is stored there to produce a crop, and then so cultivate the surface soil as to prevent its escape into the air. On soils that can be irrigated, or that are furnished with abundant moisture from be- low, as bottom lands are, it matters not so much what is the method of cultivation, so long as the soil is not plowed too wet or al- lowed to bake. The object of this article is to show the use and rationale of summer-fallowing from a practical stand-point. It we cannot make it rain, and so make it an object for farmers to take the AoiucuLTCJiasT, we hope to give enough hints applicable to the conditions of our climate to compensate the want so far as we are concerned. There is certainly need enough of a correct understanding of how to treat soils to the best advantage in California, for we iind many contlictiug theories among farmers concerning this thing. Not long ago jute fibre was known in Eu- rope only in the form of gunny bags. A paper read by l^vofessor Hodges at the last ■ meeting of the British Association, states that last year 1UI),UUU tons of the fibre were im- ported from Calcutta into Dundee, while Lou- don, Liverpool and Glasgow probably receive half as much more. It was formerly thought that jute could not be bleached, and there- fore, that, with all its strength and other good qualities, it could be used only for bags and coarse fabrics. It is only in this raw state thixt it is worked up in the United States, at least until lately. In Ireland and Scotland the bleaching process has succeeded perfectly giving to the fibre the whiteness of linen fab- rics, into which, indeed, it largely enters. It is largely worked up with silk, and makes the best substitute for hair, most chignons being made of it, while the dust from the mills is employed in the manufacture of silk hats. So that jiite is largely worn by both sexes. — Q'lceiislandt^r. Another Physiological Lesson. BY ALFRED POWElt, CHIEF COMMISSION OF VOUli LAW, IltELAND. NO, n— THE BLOOD. ^ IX thoxl.'iand years after his era began The astonishiUK fact was tliscovercd by man, y That the blood in his body does not remain still, k:'''> But rushes along like the race of from a mill. Cfvlnin vessels called artt ries. hidden within The body, conduct from the heart to the skin; While others called veins thrniinliout every part Of the system conduct from the skin to the heart. The heart every instant gets filled with new blood. Prepared, as you'll Bee, Irom the air and the food: And this new blood is driven throughout the whole frame, As from a force-pump, by the force of the game. The blood in its passage leaves everywhere Some of what it has got from the food and the air, Wliieh is all t:iken up ere a moment is gone. To rex>leuish the tissue, the fat and the bone. Throughout the whole structure — bone, muscle and skin — Where the arteries eud the veins begin. Anil ehangiug its color from red blood to black, The blood enters the veins and is so carried back. Wlien the old blood arrives by the veins to the heart It is mixed and churneil up, in a chamber apart, With a thick, milky Huid, uiitritious anti govid. Which the stomach and bowels have drawn from the food, It is then driven off by a similar force To the lungs, where the air cells vec civo it, in course. Where at every breath it takes up through the skin The material parts of the air within. Thus regenerate, vigorous, lusty, and red, And once more forced back on its fountain hc.id. To the artery chamber it rushes amain, And is ready to start upon service again. What we get from the air is equal in weight To what we derive from the food that we eat; But what we breath out, I must tell you once more, Is of poisons the worst, as 1 tojd you before. In a much clearer light you now may perceive What it's hooed you'll hold fast and devoutly believe. That for health and enjoyment the very best fare Is the soundest ol food and the purest of ail". Then show that you value your blood and your skin, Itemove every nuisance without or within ; Obey all the laws that are made to that end. And regard the inspector of health as your friend. If your house has a taint, employ in good time Eitlier carbolic acid or chloride of lime: But of all disinfectants the earth is the best — Smells covered by earth are forever at rest. With all these precautions don't feaf any harm, And yield to no panic or foolish alarm; When the enemy comes be brave but prepared^ Survey your defenses and stand on your guard! Disinfectants and Deodorizers. Infection and ill smells cause a great variety of diseases; they both arise from decomposi- tion and decay of vegetable or animal matter, or both. To deodorize is to take away the bad smell. To tlisinfect is not only to do this, but to arrest the progress of decay, and thus cut oft' the supply of a bad odor. Our grand- mothers thought they got rid of the ill odor of a sick-room by spriiikling brown sug.irou live coal or burning tar; this gave a strong and more agreerxble odor; it overpowered the other so that it was not perceived, but did not de- stroy it; both odors were really iiresent, and the air was doubly impure, though more agreeable to the senses. Hence, to deodorize an ill-smelling room or locality intelligently, substances must be used which, by causing a new chemical combination, destroy the odor altogether; but if the decomposition coutiu- tinues to go on, other odoriferous particles begin to arise requiring a new applieatiou of the deodorizer; on this account all deodorizers are efficient only teiu[)orarily; hence, the only rational method is either to remove the offend- ing material or employ disinfectants which arrest further decay. If the material both arrests the decay and destroys or absorbs the ill smell, then it is doubly valuable. Two hundred grains of chloride of zinc in an ounce of water is a powerful agent in neutralizing bad smells and in arresting both animal and veiretable decomposition, in ships, hospitals, dissecting rooms, cellars, privies, and water- closets, without having any ill smell of its o'ft'n. For disinfecting purposes, mix one pint of the above fluid to four gaUons of water. There arc three powerful disinfectants: car- bolic acid, but its smell is objectionable, chlo- rine and permanganate of potash; these last two are quite expensive. These disinfectants act by combining with deleterious substances and rendering them h:irmless, while antisep- tics prevent and arrest the decomposition of animal substances. The on!y perfect disinfectant is habitual cleanliness and thorough ventilation; next to that is a dry heat of two hundred and fifty degrees. 'I'lie most common anrl available disinfect- ant and deodorizer is copperas, crude cojiper- as, sold by druggists at a few cents a pound under the name of sulphate of iron, one pound to two gallons of water, to be used as often as necessary to render all odors imperce]dible, acting at the same time as an antiseptic, de- odorizer, and disinfectant, and if instantly thrown over what passes from the body in cholera is one of the cheapest and best means known for preventing its communication to others. — ^V. J. Mechanic. [The above is a valuable article, and should be preserved. There is far too great neglect of disinfectants and deodorizers. I'or many purposes the information here given is inval- uable. But for all out-door uses, earth — dry earth is altogether the best. The only diffi- culty there seems to be in introducing it into use is that it does not cost anything and is found everywhere ready for epplication. If it were found only iu certain localities, and to be bought at a price, its merits would soon bo recognized. For ces.s-pools, or out-houses, nothing else should be used. Yet olten do we see people going to a distance to buy lime, when three steps would take them to good, loose earth, all ready for use. — lltaUK lie- former. Importance of Wholesome Beds. — Sleep to the working man is emphatically Nature's restorer — reinvigorating the physical system, which through much toil has become weary, and keeping up the flow of hfe and spirits which are necessary to the performance of the arduous duty of farm-life, A comfortable bed, as we are all aware, conduces greatly to one's rest. On this subject a recent writer says: Of the eight pounds which a man eats and drinks each day, it is thought that not less than five pounds leaves his body through the skin. And of these five pounds considerable per- centage escapes during the night while he is in bed. The largest portion of this is water, but in addition there is much effde and pois- onous matter. This being in great part gase- ous in form, permeates every part of the bed, mattress, blankets, as well as sheets, which soon become foul and need purification. The mattress needs the renovation quite as much as the sheets. To allow the sheets to be used, without washing or changing, three or six months would be regarded as bad house-keeping; but I insist if a thin sheet can absorb enough of the excretion of the body to make it unfit for use in a few days, a thick mattress, which can absorb and retain a thousand times as much of these poisonous excretions, needs to be purified as often, cer- tainly, as once in three months. A sheet can be washed. A mattress can- not be renovated in this way. Indeed, there is no way of cleansing a mattress but by steaming it or picking it to pieces, and thus, in fragments, exposing it to the rays of the sun. As these processes are scarcely practic- able, with any of the ordinary- mattresses, I decidedly am of the opinion that the good California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. oM-fashionecl straw bed, which can every three months be changed for fresh straw, and the tick be washed, is the sweetest and most healthy nf beds. If, in the Winter season, the porousness of the straw ))eds makes it a little uncomfortable spretjd over it a comforter or two woolen blankets, which should be washed as often as every two weeks. With the arrangement, if you wash all the bed coverings as often as onee in two weeks, you will have a delightful, healthy bed. Now, if you leave the bed to air, with open window during the day, and not make up for the night before evening, you will have added greatly to the sweetness of your rest, and, in consequence, to the tone of your health. I heartily wish the change could be every- where introduced. Only those who have thus attended to this important matter can judge of the influence on the general health and spirits. ^ili'/nw Farmer. an hour or so in the sunlight; and that you quench you thirst with no other fluid than water. — Journal of Health. At Lennoxtown, Scotland, a lady has died from lead poisoning. She used, by medical advice, the ordinary seltzer water in siphon bottles, and the water has taken from the si- phon such a quantity of lead that it is sup- posed she received for many days at least a grain a day. Practical Recipes. BY MES. M. E. THOMASSON. fANY SALT-KISING BKEAD. persons are fond of salt-rising PtiErFTiNO THE Blood. — Some persons ac- tually read and believe the medical almanacs and advertisements of nostrums that flood the newspapers. How wisely they talk, these advertisements, about the necessity of jnirify- ing the blood; but they would lead the ignor- ant and credulous to think that the only way to get pure blood is to take doses of the par- ticular kind of patent medicine advertised. Many respectable families take it for gi-anted that some kind of spring medicine is neces- sary to set the human system in working or- der, as Winter's cold gives way before the ap- proach of warm weather; whereas it is only necessary for them to "cease to do evil and learn to do well" in their daily eating, drink- ing, breathing, working and jjlaying. Persons who have learned and pay heed to the laws of health, find no necessity for spring medicines. They are all of the time purify- ing the blood by their simple daily habits. They aim to make their blood of good nour- ishing materials, and to "cleanse" it by pure air breathed into the lungs. It seems to me more and more astonishing that the human body can stand so much abuse, especially in the way of bad air. People shut themselves into such close rooms in Winter, especially at night, that it is no wonder they are driven to all sorts of stimulants to whip up their flagging energies, and no wonder that they are "all run down" at the end ol Winter. One of the most common mistakes is the supposition that air is pure in proportion to its coldness, so that you have only to open a door into an unheated room, which is itself a reservoir of foul air perhaps, in order to ven- tilate sufficiently the living room or sleeping room. I5ut the mistakes in diet alone are sufficient to account for the biliousness that prevails in early Spring. A Winter diet made of fat pork or of hot pancakes saturated with butter or fat, will pretty surely bring some sort of sickness in its wake. — American Aijrl- cuUwisl. bread and would be glad, perhaps, to have a recipe that can always be relied 0^ on. For the benefit of such I send the following: As soon as the fire is made for the morning meal, put into a tin can or other vessel (I like tin best) one quart of warm water, one desert spoonful of salt and one of sugar; stir in enough wheat bran to thicken; place the vessel in a pot of warm water and set in a w.arm place to rise. The water should be kept quite hot, as a much greater degree of heat is necessary for this kind of yeast than for any commonly used. Be careful not to scald it. In about five hours, or when the bran has risen several inches, strain through a cloth, adding to the liquor salt and warm water sufficient to sponge the amount of flour desired for bread. Keep the sponge warm, and when light, knead and bake in the usual manner. I never use any other bread, and my neighbors often speak of "your good salt- rising." OPENING FKUIT CANS. I would hke also to tell your readers my method of opening fruit cans, which is very simple and much better than the old plan of melting and giiuging wax in order to remove the lids. Hold the can in the left hand, while with the right strike softly and quickly with the handle of a knife on the lid and around the top. The wax will fly off, leaving the can as clean almost as when new, causing no in- jury to the can and rendering no after clean- ing necessary. MlscKLLANECtrs Eecipes.— PrOTm Cakes- nth a teaspoouful of salt into a pint of thick, sweet cream; sift in slowly a quart of flour; roll it an inch thick, cut it out with the top of a tumbler, and bake in an oven. VeqetaUe Oysters— Vwt one quart of slicep oysters in two quarts of water, cook till very tender, then add salt, pepper and butter, and a h.-df pint of sweet cream. Serve with crackers. 7jo(te— Take a cup of sweet cream, the white of three eggs beaten to a foam, a tea- spoonful of salt rising, and a little salt; mix in a pound of sifted flour with warm milk enough to make a stiflf dough. Set it in a warm place, and it will rise in an hour. Knead it into rolls, and bake on a floured tin in a quick oven for fifteen minutes. Scrai) FuihVwg—Fnt the scraps of bread, crust and crumb, into a bowl with sufficient milk to cover them well. Cover with a sauce- pan lid or plate, and put into the oven to soak for half an hour. Take it out and mash the bread with a fork until it is a pulp; then add a handful of raisins and as many currants, a teaspoouful of brown sugar, half a cup of milk, some candied lemon peel, and one egg. Stir it up well, grease a pudding dish, and pour the pudding in. Grate over a little nut- meg, put it into a moderate oven, and let it bake for an hour and a half. Oranfie Sirup— Squeeze the juice from the oranges; to a pint of it put a pound of white sugar; set on a moderate fire. When the sugar dissolves put in the peel of the oranges and set the sirup where it will boil slowly eight or ten minutes; then strain. Do not squeeze while straining. Bottla and cork tight. Excellent eaten on almost any kind of a pudding. An excellent sirup can also be made from the peels and pits of peaches; also the peels and cores of those late little sour pears— some prefer half quince and half pear. Such odds and ends can be made use of, and when the wind and snows of Winter are blow- ing, these sirups are nice eaten on our buck- wheat cakes, when otherwise, perhaps, we would be obliged to use black molasses. Sunlight a Necessity.— Sun-baths cost nothing, and are the most refreshing, life- giving baths that one can take, whether sick or well. Every housekeeper knows the ne- cessity of giving her woolens the benefit of the sun, from time to time, especially after a long absence of the sun. Many will think of the injury their clothes are liable to, from dampness, who will never reflect that an oc- casional exposure of thair own bodies to the sunlight is necessary to their own health. The suu-l)aths cost nothing, and that is a mis- fortune, for peO]ile are still deluded with the idea that those things can only bo good or useful which cost money. Let it not be for- gotten that three of (iod's most beneficent gifts to man — three things the most necessary to good health — sunlight, fresh air, and wat- ter, are free to all; you can have them in abundance, without money and without price, if you will. If yon would enjoy good health then SCI! to it that you are suiiplicd with jiuro air to breathe all the time; that you bathe for Eds. Ageiculuueist: I am very much inter- ested in the "Domestic Department" of your paper, but am very much surprised how little interest is taken by the women in it. In go- ing around to the farmers' houses, it is a con- stant source of surprise to mo to see how inconvenient the kitchens are, and how much useless labor the farmers' wives and daughters do. Now, I will venture to say there is not five complete kitchens, in ranch houses, in Santa Clara county. And what is more, there is not one out of a hundred women that spend their lives doing house-work who knows how she wants a kitchen arranged to be convenient. There is as much difference in woman's work, between doing it easy and making hard work of it, as there is in a man's using a scytlie or mowing machine. Why, even in putting in a sink, where they have (ini, it is left to the car])enter, so that instead .of a low, long and wide sink, with a pitch to drain it prouq)tly, the carpenter puts m a nice little thing, so high as to bo iiiconveuient,and closed up beneath flush with the front, to pre- vent a person standing close to it as they had ought to to work easy, and so level that the water will be hours running oS. W. A. T. Paeageaphs Woeth Kemembeeing.— Ben- zine and common clay will clean marble. Dieting will aid you in removing pimples. Caster oil is an excellent thing to soften leather. Spirits of ammonia, diluted a little, will cleanse the hair very thoroughly. Lemon juice and glycerine will remove tan and freckles, and will cleanse and soften the hands. Stains on wall paper can be cut out -n-ith a sharp pcnkifc and a piece of paper so nicely inserted that no one can see the patch. A good, cheap paint for floors is made of five pounds of French ocher, one quarter of a pound of glue, and a gallon of hot water. When well lU-ied, apply one or two coats of linseed oil. A case of death by green wall-paper poison- ing has occurred in Louisville, and exannna- tion showed that the paper on the wall of deceased's bed-chamber contained two grain8_ of arsenic to the square foot. Tobacco and Beead.— Bishop Janes stated at the Round Lake camp meeting, last Sum- mer, that it costs the Methodist church more for tobacco than for religion. The statistics of the Government show that tobacco costs the nation many millions more than its bread does. ., , , ,, Wcndd it not be a sad thing if the heathen, for whose salvation we are contributing men and monev, should learn these facts? Shall those who in some measure realize the greatness of this evil, and are laboring to prevent our voung people from being led mto its wretclu'd'slavery, by the exanqile of church members and ministers, bo frowned down by men who are joined to their idols and either cannot or will not reform'? \ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. To Soften Old PnTTY. — A receut writer in Tlie Garden says : After many trials, and with a variety of differently shaped tools, with va- rious successes, I at last accomplished my end by the simple application of heat. My first experiment was with a soldering iron, when, to my great delight, I found the putty became so soft that the broken glass could be removed by the fingers, and the putty be easily scraped away. All that is required is a block of iron about two and a half ihches square, flat at the bottom, drawn out for a handle, with a wooden end like a soldering-iron. When hot, not red, place this iron against the putty, or Hat on the broken glass, if any, and pass it slowly round the sides of the square. The heat will so soften the putty that it will come away from the wood without difficulty. < m > Medical Peopekties of Eggs. — The white of an egg has proved of late the most effica- cious remedy for burns. Seven or eight suc- cessive applications of this substance soothe pain, and effectually exclude the burn from the air. This simple remedy seems to be preferable to collodion or even cotton. Ex- traordinary stories are told of the healing pro- perties of a new oil which is easily made from the yelk of hen's eggs. The eggs are first boiled hard, and the yelks are then removed, crushed and placed over a fire, where they are carefully stirred until the whole substance is just on the pount of catching tire, when the oil separates and may be poured oft'. One yelk will yield nearly two teaspoonfuls of oil. It is in general use among the colonists of South Russia as a means of curing cuts, bruises and scratches. mxt Nervous Cows. i? — J^O observing person can have the care of y a herd of cows long without noting a ^\ great difference in the character and ^'-k (hsposition of the diflferent animals. In eis fact, as Mrs. Partington observed about folks, there is as much difference iu cows as there is iu anybody, and the feminine peculi- arities that we are apt to note in our own kind, may many of them be detected among the domestic animals. Some cows are so phlegmatic and good uatured that a moderate amount of ill-treatment does not seem to dis- turb their eqanimity. Others are naturally vicious, and will kick and hook without pro- vocation, from "pure cussedness." There is another class that, while not vicious, are so nervous that they may easily be made to ap- jjear ugly, and iu time become really so, in consequence of rough handling or careless- ness. It requires a considerate and good dis- positioned man to manage such cows and get along M-ith them. They must be humored, spoken kindly to, and gently handled in milk- ing. Swearing at them, or beating them, de- moralizes them fearfully, and makes them almost useless in a short time. It is often among the very best milkers and butter mak- ers that these nervous animals are found, and we cannot afford to have their value thus im- p.iired. No violence should be allowed among the cows at any time, but if you have impa- tient help, or are quick tempered yourself, let some person who don't get mad so easily milk the nervous cows. Ceeameky Averages. — The average number of pounds of milk to a pound of butter and to a pound of cheese at the Aville Creamery, Ellington, N. Y., for 1873, was; For butter, ;!S.U-'>ii 1I)S of milk to one pound of butter.aud 1J.U25 Bjs of milk to one of cheese. The net value of a pound of milk was 1.4128 cents. i The habit of being always industriously 1 f employed is a great safeguard through Ufe, as if well as essential to the cultivation of every 4/ virtue. Most Practicable Bee Hives. ,, T the Northeastern Bee Keepers' Associ- i^ ation, held at Utica, New York, last .Uw> February, Mr. R. Bacon gave his ex- ^3° perience as follows: It is with hives very much as with mowing machines; the farmer often viewing and re- viewing the dift'erent machines is puzzled to determine which is the best, yet, no doubt, some are preferable to others. So it is with hives. We see in market tall hives, short hives, narrow hives, wide hives and box hives, one story hives, two story hives, bar hives, and many other hives, and men ready to show you the good qualities of one hive over the other, and when you have gone the rounds, if you have had no practical experi- ence in bee culture or have no judgment of your own, you may be led to believe the poorest hive the best. I would advise the beginner in bee-keeping to use discretion in this matter and take the middle ground. He should choose hives containing frames of con- venient size, and safe to handle, for general use. They should not be complicated or costly; they should be capable of construction by any man who is handy \vith tools. The bee-keeper who does not depend on his hives for support may lay out money for costly and fanciful hives; but the majority of bee-keep- ers want a cheap, practical hive. I have had rough, cheap hives, and elegant, costly hives, and I have found tn every case, all things being equal, bees have done full as well iu my rough hives as in the more costly onees. The wants of bees are few, and they are not partial to fancy hives, and all varia- tions from their wants are to benefit or gratify the taste of man. Give the bees a proper shaped hive, and sufficient amount of room in the hive, and good care, and they will give ample returns. Now, there has been much said and written on what constitutes a proper size and shaped hive. Some contend a hive should be large. Others say twelve inches square is the proper dimensions for a stand- ard hive. Now, my experienca with large hives has. been anything but satisfactory; they neither give new swarms nor a large amount of surplus honey. Of course I speak of working these hives for box honey. I think an extractor would show better results, bui my experience in the other extreme of hive has been no better. A hive twelve inches square is too small for bees in any place. The swarms from such hives will be small and generally inferior compared witn swarms from larger hives. There is but little room for surplus bees, and therefore not a very large amount of honey can be expected, and with the best of care in two or three years, the bees will be gone. Between these two ex- tremes, I believe is found the correct medium. A hive sixteen inches long, twelve inches wide and twelve inches deep, and frames to fit, and have it so constructed that side boxes or extractor can be used, if the season re- qiiires it, comes nearer to what I think is the hive for general use. The frames are of con- venient size, and safe to handle for either ex- tracting or other uses. I believe it is often the case that localities cause very much con- tention about the style of hive and the man- agement of bees, and were we to consider from each other's standpoint, and reason accord- ingly, it would save many jangles in bee cul- ture". My frames tit a sixteen-inch hive and are not more thay fourteen inches long and less than a foot deep. They hold the comb perfectly and have no difficulty in breaking down. sown then, it not only forms the best pastur- age for the bees, but usually yields a good crop of seed. It is one of our best honey- producing plants. The proper quantity to BOW to an acre is one peck, although some prefer to sow two pecks. I raise it largely, and succeed best by sowing only one peck to the acre. The number of acres required for thirty colonies of bees will be about four, if it is a good season for secreting honey. I have known one acre of buckwheat to furnish food enough for bees so that HOO pounds of honey and 85 bushels of grain were made from it. This was, however, an unusu- ally favorable season. Five acres are the least that should be sown for the number of colonies mentioned, as it is better to have "too much than not enough." — Ex. Buckwheat fob Bee Pastceage. — The right time to sow buckwheat for bee pastur- age, in California, is from May to July. When the soil cannot be irrigated, sow iu May. If The Profits of Farming. The farmer who resides within reach of a good market, where everything he can pro- duce will command a ready sale at fair prices, and where nothing goes to waste, has a de- cided advantage over the farmer who lives farther from market and depends upon such staple articles of produce as grain, stock, etc. The perishable articles which he cannot hand- die yield the largest profits. The advantages of a good home market are well illustrated by the following table, taken from the last vol- ume of the Agi-iculturid Report, just issued. It shows the average cash value of farm pro- ducts per acre in each State and in the Terri- tories: Average value per i States. acre. Maine $14 16 NfW HampKliire 10 .W Vermont IT H7 MassatliuKttB 31 10 ; Khoile Island 31 00 Connecticut 33 '.tl New York 22 'H New Jersey Average value per Stales. acre. Texas $12 S4 .\rk:insa6 17 m Tennessee . . . . 12 70 West Virgiuia. 1501 15 54 14 ."i" MichiRan 15 C5 Pennsylvania 20 80 Delaware 13 24 Marj;lanil 15 52 Virginia 14 15 North Carolina 11 38 South Carolina . 10 45 Rcor<;ia 11 IM Floriila 11 47 Alabama 13 78 Mississippi 15 61 Louisiana 15 61 27 90 I Indiana 13 51 Illinois 11 13 Wisconsin 14 18 Minnesota 1138 Iowa 8 49 Missouri 11 99 Kansas 8 92 Nebraska ... ITS California 15 10 Oregon 16 70 Nevada 44 30 The Territories 26 10 The Eastern States, which are not half as productive as those at the West, yield double the returns, in cash, to the farmer; Nevada and the Western Territories, not producing the supply equal to home demand, pay the farmer from two to five prices for all he can raise, which makes his business profitjible. the value of the laud must be determined, therefore, not so much by its productive qualities as by its market facilities. The far- mer who can get as much money out of ten acres of ground, with half the labor, as can be obtained by his brother from twenty acres, can afford to pay very much for his ten acres. The saving of one-half the labor is not for one year only, but it is a perpetual advautjige. The farmer," therefore, who goes far away from market, in order to get cheap lands, will discover that the purchase price of lands should not be considered so much as the market facilities. — Rural jii'ioi. Cribbing in Hob.ses. — "Dr. Cook, of El- mira, Ohio, wiites the Scientific American that cribbing is caused, in the first instance, either by the front teeth growing so close together as to press and give pain, or by something get- ting between them, acting as a wedge. The horse feels relief by pulling with his teeth on any hard subsbince like the side of a plank. Dr. Cook saws between the teeth with a very thiu saw, which removes the pressure and cures a bad habit." The ghost of Noah Webster came to a spiritual medium in Alabama, not long since, and wrote on a slip of paper: 'It is tite times.' Noah was right, but we were sorry to see he has gone back on his dictionary. H California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. f tod; ^rccilcr. Pure Breeds. ANY farmers make a great mistake by alwaj's beiug anxious to change or ^.. cross their breeds. It they would first C\^» determine what they consider to be the if^"^ best breed of cattle or horses, sheep or Bwiue, and then make every movement in im- proving and perfecting that breed and keep- ing it iu the highest state of purity -it would be far better. Every farmer knows whether he keeps cattle for beef or butter or cheese. If for beef — if that is the main object — the Short-horn is unsurpassed. If beef is the main object and milk a secondry oliject, still the Shrethreu, the Black Spanish and Asiatics. The markings of both the Brown Leghorn cock and hen are beautiful — indeed, splendid plumage is a marked charac- teristic of the breed. The day is long since past when the ques- tions "Do hens pay?" "Are they profitable?" are undecided. I have had many years' ex- perience, and can answer that I know they do. From the long list of debits and credits, I find the balance iu their favor. The hen business (if the expression be allowable) is healthy, pleasant and lucrative; but one must in some measure be born to it (not made), with a fondness and interest in nature, a close, ob- serving eye, and a mind willing to inquire into and search the mysteries of nature in her own fields, and learn the truth of the unmis- takable knowledge she teaches her children; and where pleasure is born, the money value ceases to exist, and the profit accrues; thus labor becomes only a healthful exercise. To one about establishing a poultry yard, I would advise them to ijut down the Brown Leghorns on the list as a good variety, not only for their useful qualifications, but for beauty and ornament. — Oouniry OenUeman. Daek BitAHMAs. — Much has been said lately about this useful and popular fowl. My opinion is that there is not a more thoroughly useful fowl in existence. As a jiroof of what I state, allow me to make a few remarks. A friend of mine who is quite well known as a Brahma breeder, has this year reared sixty-one chickens. The first brood consisted ef eleven, froiu eleven eggs, turning out to be six cockerels and five pullets; this lot of chicks were sixtticu weeks old on May 'S\, and on that day a pair (cockerel and pullet) weighed exactly eleven jiounds. Three of the five pullets comnieneed laying at fifteen weeks old, and laid nine eggs during the last week. These two facts are quite sutiicient to prove the (|ualities of the Brahiuas, not only as a rajiidly gri>wiiig bird, but also as a good layer. Souie of your readers, perhaps, may say, ' "Ah! but this is only a solitary instance." In answer to that I state the following: The same breeder's birds iu 1871 commenced lay- at seventeen weeks old. In 1872 the pullets commenced laying at sixteen weeks, and this year a week in advance. The gentleman to whom I allude is Mr. W. Mansfield, of Cam- bridge, and I have no doubt that the forward condition of his birds is simply due to the high feeding and good attention which they receive at his hands. A few more remarks and I have done. No man can breed good fowls without care and trouble, but to be really successfiil he must have a knowledge of the habits and wants of the varieties he cultivates, which takes a long time to acquire. I have bred difi'erent varie- ties, but have found the Brahmas equal, if not superior, to all. — Cor. London Field. I would like to give your readers a little of my experience in the matter of raising poultry hoping thereby to give some useful hints. I began with the Brahmas, and for market find them and others of the Asiatic breeds the best. But for egg-i)roducers give me the Leghorns. I find their eggs, from their size and color, attract buyers much more readily than the darker and smaller eggs of the other varieties. To the general faruier, I recommend a cross of the White Leghorn and Light Brahmin or White Cochin. I give my fowls, for feed, a mixture of wheat bran, gTound oats, and cornmeal, scalded, three times a day, and occasionally mix it with l)one dust. I now have abdut 1,500 chickens on my farm a few miles from the city. I have finally settled on two breeds, the Brahmas and the Leghorns. I divide my chickens into three lots, having a shed for each division. I do this because I think they are less liable to disease. As a proof of this I can say I never had a chicken die of the cholera. — "Header," in Prairie Farmer. Cocks' Comes as Food. — The combs of Spanish and Leghorns fowls are sold in some parts of Europe as choice delicacies for the palates of those who sigh for fresh appetizers. Under the name of "Cretes deC'oq,"asup- jjly of these morsels has been recently im- ported hither from Paris. The combs are of large size, both single and rose, and are put up iu white vinegar, in long tubular glass bottles, holding about a pint, sealed with black wax. When we say that these small bottles cost at wholesale in Paris more than a dollar in gold each, the reflection is forced that many a large combed rooster may in future be sacrified to Mammon, as many were offered up to Esculapius There are enough large combs in the yards of some of our breeders to make a fortune if they could be utilized. We hope, however, the combs on the Mechterrauean class will be reduced in size, as many large ones amout to positive deformity. — Poultry World. GtjrsEA Fowls foe the Table. -^ The Guinea fowl is the richest and most palatable of all our domestic poultry. We can remem- ber of no game bird among the Gallinaj that surpasses it, and when our grouse aud part- ridges and prairie chickens bec)ut a few to be seen in each of oiir long walks indicate the value placed upon them. There is only one drawback with these people: they are afraid of strangers, and pin their opinions too much upon the sleeves of their religions and pcilitical loaders. It is not possililo for mii: man, or class of men, to have all the truth. Even a woman may have a truth to tell worthy of credence, which, ac- cepted, would preserve bodies and elevate souls. I THE WORLD MOVES, and the people with it, in s]>ite of their pre- judices. One half our people live too fast — the other, too slow. When will the golden mean be found? The slow half tell us "it is wicked to study physiology; children will learn enough without being taught how bones grow I The fast half say "it is wicked to have children." They truly know too much. Off of these extremes the drug and quack doctors thrive. Every ailing on the one hand calls for the doctor or his drugs; on the other side, crime is committed, the houses are childless, cold, silent, and — oh! what blighted, wasted women abide in them! Angels pity them! How can they hope for heaven in the hereafter? If the Press is a power in the land, then let the PRESS INSTRUCT THE PEOPLE, warning young women and men of the hid- den reefs and terrible quicksands. The sur- face may be ever so smooth in a calm day when you jointly contemplate these untried waters, but — woe, woe, woe to the frail barks that tempt the turning tide. YOUNG MEN and women of California, we entreat you, study well these questions. Seek mutually to know the whole truth. Entering into mar- riage, be sure you are ready and fit to assume its respousibiUties. Each one of j'ou gladly accept hints and promptings in reference to the improvement of farms and stock. Will you not try to live each twenty-four hours of your lives temperately, purely, chastely that the children of your love m.ay also be born in THE ASCENDING SCALE? How to SO Uve that we may drop out our bad qualities and intensify the good in our nature, is one of the vital questions of the age, imperatively demand- ing the closest, most consciencious at- tention of every adult citizen. The gibberish and raving of the inmates of a private assylum for the insane, within a stones throw of our open mndow, attest the iiuportance of this question. Poor, helpless, ignorant enslaved women — wives while yet children. Wretched unbalanced men, lost through lack of simplest jjhjsiological knowledge. How long; O, Lord, how long before knowledge shall run and not he glorified, but be permitted to glo- rify the people receiving it? " Honor to Whom Honor is Due." Eds. Agriculturist: We are often given, in speeches and papers, for the edification and encouragement of our boys, glowing accounts of how penniless lads have risen, liy their in- dustry and perseverance, to wealth and influ- ence, position and fame. We are told how Benjamin Franklin, a printer-boy, by his in- dustry and frugality, rose to be the eminent philosopher and statesman we all unite in styling him ; how Horace Greeley became the foremost journalist of his time; how bankers, railroad kings, merchants, senators. Govern- ors, etc., who were, while quite boys, thrown upon their own resources, to battle against the stream of life alone, have, by their energy and diligence in whatever calling they were engaged, gained for themselves wealth and honor. All this is good, and we are ready to accord all duo honor to the men who have so boldly and successfully striven against mis- fortune and adversity. We are glad that we have such examides of self-made men to point to. But there is another class of men more deserving of honor, we think, than these. The world knows little or nothing of them, and, because they have not amassed fortunes, seems to care less. That they have fought just as manfully, been just as industrious and frugal in their habits, equally as no- ble and worthy (if not more so) in their char- acters, seems not to be a matter of notice, so long as they have not acquired the same suc- cess— wealth. Let us say a word in favor of one of this class. We have not far to go to find him. He is a poor tradesman in our city. Yes, poor, — not because he has been an idler or a spendthrift, a drunkard or a gam- bler, a slow or incompetent workman, but because he had not an opportunity — if he had the desire — to save his earnings. His parents were poor, and it required more than the father could gain by his daily labor to pro- vide his family with the necessaries of life. From the time the son entered his apprentice- sliip his wages, too, small as they were, were required to help supply his sisters and broth- ers with bread. After his apprenticeship ex- pired, he went to another town and diligently wrought at his trade. But from here, too, he sent his earnings home to those whom he knew were in need of his helji. Nor did this stop when he had aiTived at his majority. No, the burden only increased. Now his father, an old, gray-haired man, was unable to do his accustomed part, and the care of the whole family fell upon the shoulders of the son. For years this state of things lasted, and the young man is still poor in the world's goods, but rich in the blessing of those who have had so large a place in his heart. This is no picture of the imagination, but a true statement; nor is it an isolated case by any means — we have many such men among us. If Mr. Franklin deserved the greater praise for having cut wicks and run eirands for a chandler, then surely this man should be honored, for often the people in an East- ern village have seen him, after returning from school and on Saturday, standing in the snow tr3'ing to e.arn a few cents by sawing wood. Mr. Franklin might resolve to "save one-half of his wages," but this poor lad must invest all his scanty earnings in another way. And yet his love and care for his home is no credit to him in the sight of a cold, cheerless world — if he is poor. Out upon such a verdict! All honor, loe say, to such men. Those who have honestly gained wealth and esteem by their worth and industry, are deserving of credit, truly; but the self-deny- ing, noble poor man who has spent himself in his love and cire for others has a still gi-eater claim to our honor and praise. The world may not prize his virtue and worth, but such men are the nobility of our race. Because they had not the opportunities of others, they are none the less praiseworthy. When we raise our voices in eulogy of the successful men who were once errand boys, let us not forget those noble men who begun a little lower and fought equally a good fight, though they are not senators, or have not stores of wealth as the fruits of their labor. "Tliere are BprlnRs or crystal nociar EvtT BWflUiit^ out of Btoue : TbtTf are purple biidfi aurt golden. Hidden, crushed and over(>rown. Crunipietl fihirt and dirty jacket May lieilotlie the (j<.lde?i ore Of the (leepesf tlinii;:hts itiid feelings; Satin vt;st coultl do no more. "Ood, who counts l>y sonls, not stations," does not honor so much for success. as for the earnest, pure cfi'ort. Ijct our boys be taught that the acquirement of riches and fame is not the tiuiiuna suiiniKtram of success iu life. Ijet them know that wc prize higher than idl else they can attain to sound jiriiiciples and noble natures, anil oncourgc them in their etVorts in this direction by trying to bestow our praises where due. 1'. F. P. San Jose, April, 1875. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. [Dedicated to the Patrons.^ vozcxis or xzss: workers. THE NEWSPAPER OVERTURNS THE WORLD. Politics and Religion in tlie Granges— No. S. BY A. OAYiOBD SPALDINQ. As before qiiite clearly explained, politics has two very plain and distinct features. One is proper, commendable, and everywhere ap- plicable, relating to the business affairs, com- merce, and social arrangements of men. The other is narrow and sectional, disturbing and corrupting the morals and the peace and wel- fare of society. This latter kind is wholly in- compatible with Grange i^rinciplcs, and is therefore rejected from the Order. Religion, too, is open to the same criticism. There is the true and the false, the practical and the speculative. Religion is natural, and no nation is found without it — being mani- fested according to mental and moral develop- ment. But the sectarian quality cannot come come into the Grange for obvious. The ele- ment of principle and humanity is not its all-pervading power. It cuts the people up into antagonizing factions, under senseless creeds and names, and consequently curses while it blesses the world. THE FAMILY GKOUP of parents and children is a natural and beau- tiful order of all grades of the human race. Each family is a home, and most happy and heavenly may it be. No such bliss exists elsewhere on earth. The Grange is devised and organized after the family pattern, in larger groups. [Is not "a family in a larger group," with children kfi out, an anomaly? — Eds.] The idea is exceedingly simple and practicable, and most intelligent, jierfect, and attractive. No unselfish farmer or working- man can fail to appreciate and accept it. Hurrah! then, for the Granges! Multiply and speed them over the wide continent. Every interest of society comes under the head of polities or religion, which must be freely and fairly discussed, and fully understood. Ig- norance is our ruin. THE BATTLE OF THE GKANGEKS is for labor reform, against a crusliing mon- eyed aristocracy. Old parties and sects are all under the leadership of such an aristoc- racy— a combined money power with social position and office-holding. They claim their privileges as the rightful heritage of the up- per-ten class, on the ground of custom and lirecedent; and the brute force of sword, can- non, and bloody armies stands ready to de- fend them, while the working muscle of the common peojUc is ground up for their use. It is a world monopoly of ages, which a world co-operation of Grangers and Sovereigns must overthrow. It is the battle of Arma- geddon. THE MONOPOLY AND COBKUPTION OF POLITICS in our country is well represented by such men as dis-Hon. Bill King, of Minnesota. How he gobbled up the votes in his district, by the power of Durham bulls and subsidized newspapers. He won the election, but is bound to hang himself, Judas-like, as a com- pensation. Shame on the jieople, and shame on the newspapers. They hang tlteiiKielves, effectually, by such voting and disgracing the ballot-box. THE SECTARIAN MONOPOLY and aristocracy is powerfully and proudly represented. Money unstinted is invested. But that first-class Brooklyn scandal, though a black disgrace on civilized Christendom, will fortunately do very much to break the yoke of sectarian thralldom on the working class. Thousands of similar cases may exist around us, but they are plebian, and fail to come to the surface, or get into the newspa- pers. The character of our much-boasted civilization may be judged by our police ga- zettes as well as by the quality of high func- tionaries. What Indian tribe can show a worse moral record? Yet we send abroad our pious missionaries, and talk of exterminating the Modocs, and actually hang them ! OUR COMMON EELIOION is threadbare with formalism. The religion is hid away too far. It is sky religion. The Grange brings things down among the people — into their houses and home. A heaven right hero at our door is far more convenient than one up in the moon. How long will it take to make earth a paradise by devoting a hundred and fifty millions to splendid church buildings in New York, while ninety thous- and stout men there are unemployed, with no potatoes in the cellar? A million j'ears won't do it. And yet that is the sectarian method all round, and party politics join in to help it. It is a religion of professional aristocracy, with Andover kid-glove graduates to pound and expound in velvet-cushioned desks. But THE TRUE OBANGE BELIGION is better suited to the wants of plain, homely and sensible workiugmen. " Hb who tnowB our gi'eatest needs' Eei'kH not mau that counts his beads. For rif^hteouKness is not in creods, Nor solfUiU faces; But lies rather in kindly deeds And Christian graccR," We may well expect a blissful heaven in a future life; but the important work of the Grangers now is, to avoid the hell of monopo- \y and aristocracy and political damnation. Some contend that good men should stick to the old parties and sects in order to purify and reform them. But clearly that is bad logic and poor philosophy, for a man can never lift himself into a basket while standing in it. And, as our new wine of reform needs new bottles to hold it, so we must stand out- side of the basket and outside of old parties and sects if we would lift them uii. It re- quires a machine more powerful than any stump puller in the country. THE GRANGE MOVEMENT, then, is no mixture and no compromise, but an entirely new departure, out and out. Not in party interest of any kind, nor sect; but it is a fanning-mill, a sifter, that is to separate the cockle and chaff of politics and religion , saving only the clean wheat of principk. That is the farmer's gold. We may now discard old names altogether, and be known only as the Grange party. Then nothing is left am- biguous, but all is distinctly understood and boldly outspoken. No dependence for reform can be placed in any but actual and responsible workers. None of your lily fingers, that seek the easj' places and shirk the hard. That style of business is playing out. That is what spoils church and state, and sets them tumbling. We are told a hard story of the carpet-baggers at the South; and however true, the North is sprin- kled over thick with earpet-huggars in the shape of dandy peddlers and traveling agents for jiatent speculations, to gain quick and easy fortunes, and avoid the sweat. Thous- ands graduate from our colleges and strive to stand in public desks and professional offices because such positions are easy, genteel, and well paid. But the money comes out of far- mers and workers. Two-thirds of the pro- fessional men in the nation are so many two- legged grasshoppers — and worse than the little famine-breeding insects, because they (the two-leggers) stay by, and enl all lite time. They are always on hand for such fancy things as require the least toil. They are popular dead heads. But we find the true emljlems of trust, honor, manliness aiul na- tional prosperity are the ax, hoe, spade and plow, with "hayseed in the hair." THE PBIKCIPLE OF FBATERSAL UNITY and co-operation is fundamental in the Grange. This not only kills all monopoly, but it will wipe away that old red dragon of gory war — that most fearful and universal scourge of mankind. Government otticers and military men, under our present violi-iit order of things, are interested in the pIundiT of battle fields, and would therefore be slow to accept any doctrine of permanent i)eaco. Their trade is war. But when all shall ht- come Grangers and Sovereigns, then human carnage will be forced to stop. Othello's oc- cupation will be gone. So roll on the glori- ous Grange ball round the world. Itoll it along ! WOMAN SUFFBAOE. The woman question now fills up the l>ook. We speak of the Cirange as a family order; but no family is without a woman. She is mother, wife, sister, and does a great deal wherever she is. In the hive, she is queen; in sickness, she is the best nurse; and she can tend the baby better than " any other man." If we sleep well at night, a woman has made the soft and downy bed. Every man is proud of his table when a charming lady pours the tea. Where woman is, there is sweetest music and the i)erfume of roses; and where happiness and love dwell, surely woman is not far away. Then, would not all these beautiful things be represented in her vote? Indeed they would. Good govern- ment is not wholly made np of bull dogs, swords and guns, and the noise and smell of gunpowder. Aurl the still, small, gentle voice of woman's baUot could cert;iinly do no harm, could it? Champun, Minn., April, 1875. Harrowing Wheat. The uniform testimony of all those who have tried harrowing wheat in the Spring is, says the RitnU U'dM, that it pays. One sub- scriber saj's: "I have acted upon the advice given by you, audi find the result at harvest most satisfactory. I began the custom by harrowing fifteen acres, or about one half the usual number of acres that I sow. My neighbors, who had never seen it done, in- sisted that it would kill it imt. I shall con- tinue the practice, as I have now i)rocured one of the Thomas smoothing harrows, which, in a great measure, enables me to dispense with the roller, which I still use, however, when the early Spring is an unusually dry one. I think by using the harrow that the wheat tillers — that is, stools — out better than when it is not cnltiv.lted in the Spring." Another subscriber writes as follows: "I find that haiTOwing wheat in the Spring pays well. It gives the wheat a good start, and the harrowed portion ripens as early as the unharrowed part, and has hea^■ier seeds." Dk. Habel has arrived at the conclusion, after mature study, that guano is not made from the excrements of sea birds, as has been hitherto supposed. Chemical treatment has disclosed an insoluble residue composed of fossil sponge and marine plants, and animol- ciibB. Hebel's opinion is that guano is made of fossil remains of which the organic matter has been transformed into a nitrogenized sub- stance while the mineral constituents have re- mained unaltered. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ijou.OfhoW I'Qdiiig, Words of Council With Parents. M — OIjTds. AcRrcuLTUiiisT: Notwithstanding my 4^ short acquaintance with your paper, I feel an earnest denire to draw my chair within the " domestic circle" and say a few words to parents. I have often desired to be an able writer, that I might employ a stj'le of composition so charming in its power of persuasive eloquence that parents every where, and in every con- dition, would be forced to realize their great responsibility. I am frequently astonished at the manner in which parents (good people, too) regard the welfare of their children. They will talk eloquently about what obser- vation and experience have taught them as regards their horses, cows and pigs, but sel- dom will a word be uttered in reference to family culture. The little ones that God has committed to their keeping, with the solemn injuncticm to carefully train, are permitted to grow up in a way to suit convenience. Not because of lack of love — oh, no; but because the trials and burdens of life are suffered to creep iu and obscure the path of duty. How many poor, tired and overworked " mothers thei-e are who, in order to indulge in the un- limited extravagances of the age, are forced to expend all their time and energy in the vain and unprofitable endeavor to serve the body, while the mind is left neglected. How many weary, anxious and perplexed fathers there are, too, who are trying iu all sorts of ways to reach a higher round in life's great ladder, regardless of consequences. O ! the confusion, the turmoil and strife that be- set us all in our journeyiugs up and down. No wonder that He who planned this myste- rious lailder, and set each round in wisdom, should have so earnestly warned us of danger. Then be careful, fathers and mothers, guard wisely and well your sacred trust — your homes — your children. Can there be anything more beautiful than a perfect home — a spot more sacred than her domain — a gift more precious than little children ? Mothers, to you especially is a noble work intrusted. Begin it early. Let your little ones feel that you trust them fully. Enter- tain and iustrui't them. Converse with them, and encourage them to talk with you. Many a child grows up hard, unimpressible, unlov- ing, simply from the imposed silence in which the first years of life were spent. Remember, too, that innocent amusement is the very life of childhood; that too much restraint is' pro- ductive of evil. Teach your children to con- fide in you, to counsel with you in the most trivial affairs that concern them. liut, perhaps I have trespassed sufficiently for once, therefore I will conclude my remarks at some future time. M. E. Thomasson. A Mother's Influence. — Who can measure the intluence of a mother on the young and immortal minds of her children? "Her looks, her actions, her smiles, or her frowns on her children stamp impressions on their mimls which will last forever. She gives a moulding influence to their character, their course of life, their tem|)oral aud eternal well being. They rise to the glories and happiness of heaven, or sink to the woes and ruin of a lost eternity, much according as the mother trains them up for God, or allows them, through neglect, to grow up in selfishness and sin. The mother sits at the threshold of their ex- istence, aud directs their first tottering foot- steps, Her duties lie at the foundations of human society, and from these young springs of life, flow out iu all their after existence, streams of bitter or sweet, purified or poison- ous. False Delicacy Between Mothers and Daughters. — An young girls near the boun- dary line where childhood and womanhood meet, there comes a natural, wondering inter- est as to the difercnt relationships they see around them. This curiosity being the voice of nature, imperatively claims satisfaction, and if the mother does not give it legitimately the child will be only too likely to gain it from sources of whose very existence she is ignor- ant, simply because to her they are superflu- ous. There are thousands of mothers who will talk with the kindest unreserve to those not liound to them with any tie but that of friend- ship, who yet feel the most false aud foolish delicacy with their own daughters. I know this to be the case. A great many young girls have come to me for information and advice on personal subjects, whom an unnatural re- serve kept from applying to their own moth- ers. I know it again by experience. I found it much harder to do my duty in this respect to my own daughters than to the daughters of others. And yet the duty is an imperative one, which requires to be attended to both much earlier and more positively than was necessary iu your own case. For assure your- self of one thing, that the knowledge which came to women half a century ago only as the result of experience, is ready now at every street corner and in every kitchen for your little girl, as answer to her fii'st wondering in- tuition. Nay, while she still nurses her doll and wears her childhood's aprons, all the myste- ries of human nature are questioning her in- nocent heart. Who is to answer her? Will you leave her to soil her white soul with the filthy fancies c^f dime novels, or still worse books. Is some servant girl, lewd and ignor- ant, to usurp her mother's holy olfice, aud defile the sacred sanctuary of your home? Or will you with calm and reverent wisdom lead herintothe "house of life," and show her how "fearfully aud wonderfully we are made." Will you not, then, explain to her that this human "body is the temple of the Holy Ghost bought with a price," and that it cannot be defiled, even by an impure thought, without sinning against Him who cleansed it with his own precious blood, making our bodies ' 'mem- bers of his own." Such teaching is neces- sary to keep her morally healthy, and if you can succeed iu inspiring her with a profound reverence for purity of soul you have done very much to secure her health, her intellect, and that joyous, cheerful abandon which, though the glorious privilege of natural girlhood, is, alas! every year becoming more rare. But this first primary instrnction neglected, what follows? Physical abuse and degrada- tion. A sin against nature which gradually makes your child (born a little lower than the angels) below the beasts of the field. I am quite aware that this is a very delicate subject, as well as one of the saddest of social problems. But ignoring an evil does not an- nihilate it. And the anger of those whose false refinemeut foibids them to speak of things it does not forbid them to do, or the scoffing of the vulgar and light-minded will not deter the serious and benevolent from its consideration. rhysicians see the mighty evil filling our lunatic asylums, robbing marriage and pater- nity of all its divinity, digging myriads of tiny graves for infants born of parents too en- feebled to give them enduring life, aud most of them with a groan of pity "pass by on the other side." There is no doubt, however, that the great majority of young people now slaves of the most repulsive habits might have been saved had their parents earlj' explained to them the eternal laws of nature, ami their intimate con- nection with "whatsoever is lovely and of good report." And further, it is also the duty of parimts, liavini) iii.-use. :i superior Wells. 2 Windmills, and a Horse-power for raising water. For tenus. etc., apply, either by letter or per- sonally, to JOSEPH L.EI.ON6, San Jose. Cal. LOUIS CHOPARD, WATCHMAKER, J t: ^^M-: L L E R , And dealer in SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY, At Low Figures. O^ Watches and Jewelry carefully repaired. 10. G. T.— GRANGER LODGE, No. 295, meeta • evcay MONDAY eveping. at 8 o'clock, in tht-ir Hall, No 284 Sauta Clara street, over the S. J. Savint;;8 Bank. Mt-mbt-rs of eister Lodges and sojourning members in good standing are invited to attend. S. B. CALDWELL, W. C. T. John B. Stevens, W. Sec'y. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. FARMERS, PAIITT YOUE BUILDmaS ^AND TdUn — ZMFZiSMZlTTS ! USE TI-IE BEST I USE THE mmcHiiiiLFM It Costs Less, Lasts Longer and Looks Brighter thun Any Other Good Paint. It Does not Crack, nor Chalky iwr Peel Off. SEE THAT YOUR PAINTER USES IT. Remember, it is prepared iu Liquid Form, ready for application; can be obtained of Any Shade or Color, and is Composed of the Best Materials, thoroughly in- cori)orated. bo that it does not spnil by standing. Fur Beauty of Finish and Brilliancy of Color it is ■without a rival. Remember, with this Paint you can do your own painting better than it can be done with any other Paint. It is al%vnys Ready for Use. Pnint yunr Houses— Paint your Wngons, IMowing Machines, Plows, etc., etc. It Pays in tlie long run to do it. The Averill Paint is the Paint for everybody the B.st and M.^t^t Kcononil.al Paiufc in the world. AKli your sture-kcei^er for it. SUBSCRIBE FOK THE ~~m ^ u N s n I N _LJ ? — THE ONLY — CHILDREFS MAGAZIUE Published on THE PACFIC COAST. Only Sl.lO a Year. A suimnEEsinoR children! And one that will rnntinne A Source of Pleasure During the whole year. Address, SUNSHINE, Postoffice Box 288 Santa Clara. Milton Campbell. — DKALER IN- STOVES, PUMPS, IRON PIPES. TIN EOOFING, ETC., ETC. [UST ST., near Central Market. .SAN JOSE. FARMERS' Ul (SuocesBorB to A. Phisteu & Co.) Corner of Second and Santa dlara Sts., SAN JOSE. CAPITAL $100,000. Wm. Ekhboji, President. H. E. Hills, Manager. Dliectora : Wm. Erkson, I., y. cliipman, Hi'Vhci- Little, C. T. Settle, Thomas E. Snell. J. P. Dudley, I>avid ('ampliell, Jaiues Singleton, E. A. Braley, KK?" Will do a General Mercantile Business. Also, receive deposits, on which such inttrest vfill be al- lowed as may t)e agreed upon, and make loans on ap- proved security. S^N" JOSE SAVEI^GS BAfiK, 280 Saii/a Clara Sliect. CAPITAL STOCK . Paid in Capital (Gold Coin) $600,000 $300,000 Officers : President John H. Moore Vice-President S. A. Bishop Cashier H. H. Keynolds Directors : John H Moore, Dr. B Bryant, H. Mabury, S. A. Bishop, H. H. Eeynolds, Jnmes Hart, James W. Whiting. NEW FEATURE: This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts," bearing Inter- ewtat 6, 8 and 10 percent per imnum; interest payable prnmptlyat the end of six months from dateof de- posit. The ■' Receiijt" may be transferred by indorse- ment and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also allowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of deiJosit. Our vaults art- lurtje and str'Hig as any in the State, and specially fidaptcil for thr safr-kfi pin;; i>f Bonds, Sti.icks. PajitTH, Jewelry, Wilverwari;, tiusU ll"xes, etc., at trifling cdst. Draw Exrhange on San Francisco and New York, in Goldnr Ouricncy, at reasonable rates. Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. rAB.iy[z:B.s' National Gold Bank OF SAN JOSE. P11I1I iipra|ii(al (Gold Coin) .f5no,ono Aiitlioriii'il Ciipilnl f 1,000,000 President .JOHN W. HINDS Vi«--Presldcut E. C. SINGLHTAllY CashiiT \V. T. TISDALE Directors t 0. Biirrcl. C. G. Harrison. Wni. II. TiBiliile, E. 0. Siuslitiiry, E. L. Bnidliy. Wm. L. Titidalo, Jolin W. Hinds. Win allow intprost on Deposits, buy and srll Ex- rhantie, make i-ollet'tlons, loan money, anil trausart A General Banking Business. special indnccment.s offered tng"» Graining in Oak, Maple, Mahoj^'any, Rose- wood, Black Walnut ; Uan<;ing' Paper, Stainin^;, Gildiii<;, Bronzin<;, Transferring Decalcomania, Making Rustic Pictures, Paintiikg Flower-Stand, Mahogany Polish, Rosowood PoIislL. Varnishing Furniture, Waxing Furniture, Cleaning Paint, PAINT FOE FAEMING TOOLS, for Machinery, and for Uouseliold Fixtures. TO PAINT A FAEM WAGON, to Re-varniah a Carriage, to make Plaster Casts. The work is neatly printed, with illustra- tions wherever they can serve to make the subject plainer, and it will save many times its cost yearly. Every family should possess a copy. Price by mail post-paid. $ I , Address AL^riculturist and Live Stock Journal, SAN JOSE, CAL. lil Kooins, No. 331 Santa Clara st., San Jose. Agent for Santa Clara County. The Singer Serving Macliine Conpany sold. in"l.S73. :»;W,4r't4 Macliims, and Ii:(,r-i5* MORE THAN ANY OTHEIt SEWING MACHINE COMPANY. tf?~ We have a Fii-st-class Machinist employed, and make the repairing of all sorts of Sewing Machines a specialty. Old machines taken in exchange for new. All work warranted. J. N. SPENCER, Real Estate Agent AND Cszieral ii-actioxieer. It^arhis of evury de.schiptioiv — Vulloy and Hill Iniuis— llit^h iiiitl Low prii-fd I-'iiniiH — l-'iiruis to Biilt cvcrybudy. CiTrfepoudeure Bolicited. KuRiuess ChniiceB a specialty. Property of every dcKcriptiou boiiglit and sold. Ilouses rented, and LoallB neyoUatrd. oc IJAIX'TKR'S Miinuiil— IlnUBO and bIrii piiinling. yriti?iinR, VHrniwIiinK. lt(!; 'Wnt.li- nuiker iind Jcwekr, SI); Taxidormist. ."id; Soai>-nial(er, ■iri; Autli.irsliip, .''ill; I.iglitninj,' Calrulatir. i'r. Hunter and 'I'rapp.'r'K (luide, 20; Dok Trainini;. :!r). Of I'ook- BoU, IB. ..r liv mail. JESSE UANEY ,^ CO., ll'.lKas Biul Btreet, N. Y. f" •^#ji3^^i^ fT"^., 'WtM California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ifj Ziocl^e <& Mozitague, |- \ IltPOKTERS A2*D DEALEUS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware &,c. 112 and 114 Battery Street S.VI« FRANCISCO. WM. SHEWS HEW mmmm establishment, H5 KEARNY ST., SAN FRANCISCO. This well known *'Pu-lace of Art," formerly lo- cateci )U Muntgoiucry St., No. 417, is now on Kearny St., No. 115 aiul hap no connotation with any other. StrHiit^rrs visiting the City will find it fortheir interest to patiom/i- this entabliehment for any kind of picture fnini Minature to Life Size. N. B. The very best Rembrandt Cards Album Pi/.e $ per"'doz. eqnal to any that cost S4 on Montf^'omery St.; other eizes equally low in proportion. ap THE NEW IMPROVED Bide Feed and Back Feed. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOST SIM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKET. sin If there is a FLORENCE MACHINE within one thonsand miles of San Fran- cisco not working well, I will fix it with- out any expense to the owner. SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Street, GRAND HOTEL BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO. C. S. Crydenwise, C CARRIAGE niAKER. PIONKER CAR- J riage Shop. 314 Second Street, Between Santa Claia street and Fountain Alley. SAN JOSE. Agent for Fish Bro. "s Wagons. ' R. S. THOMPSON^ NAPA, < \ I, . IMPORTER AND BREEDER OF THOROUGH-BRED BERKSHIRE SWINE. SHERMAN & HYDE, Cor. Kearny and Suffer Sfs. saw Francisco, WHOLESALE AND RETAII. DEALEttB IN SHEET MUSIC, Musical Instruments, MUSIC A L MER CIIA NDISE, Orders from the Interior promptly filled. MANTTTACTUHERa OF THE Acknowledged by Musicians to be the Bert Low Priced Instruments ever offered for sale on this Coast. These Superb Instruments have achieved a success unjiaralleled in the historj- of Piano-forte Manufaeture. They are remarkable for Great Volume, Purity and Sweetness of Tone, and Durability. THE CELEBRATED /^ Atj^^g, — ^ — s — a — A — ■S' — j-==iit^<^ The ]Mnst Desirable Instruments iiS the market for clmrch and jmrlor. Over 23,00<3 now in use. SHERMAX & HYD£, GEXERAT, AGESTS, S.tN FRANCISCO. 4?^ Tustiaa's Patent FIRST PRESIIUM ■• l\ WIND -MILLS!"' — AND — HORSEjPqWERS. F.\(T<>nY— Corner Market and | , Heal Kts., Kiin Francibco. Sond for DECCRIPTIVE ClECin-AIiS. W. I TUSTIN, PATENTEE. THE PARKE RGUN.^ SEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR PARKER BRO'S WEST MERIDEN.CT. P. "W. Zleardon <& Co. o ►1 ^' 01 o H Itijrlit and HeaA-yWagrons, Express "W'agons, Top and Open Buggies. <'arriiiges. Rockaways, Gigs ami Barouclies. MADE OF THE VERY BEST ASSORTED MA- terial. All work warratitiil, Jnbbint^of all kiiidH. \M^^ IriniEBg, Slacksmiihin^, and ^oud Work, Reorders ivlll recc>i%'« Prompt Attention. THE Jackson Wagons Are known Im be THE BEST FARIVZ WAaONS Sold on this Coast. SoUl quite as low as the verj' many poor ones offered for huIo. We warrant them for two years. For sale in San Jose at San Francisco prices by Uaskell tSi Mott, Ayents. corner of Thir(J and Santa Clara streets. J. D. ARTHUR & SON, Inip(»rttre, San Francisco. ■ SANIA CLARA VALLEY 1DB.-C7C STORE, 400 Santa Clara street. Op- posite the Convent, SAN JOSE, JOHSr D. SCOTT, M.D., Physician and Druggist. HUBBARD 6l GO'S OeiFirst Street, H8i SAN JOSE. M E AT MARKET. SAITTA CLARA TAHNERy. JACOB EBERHARDT, Peopeietob. ALL KINDS OF LEATHER. SHEEP SKINS, AND \\'0OL. Highest price paid for Sheep Skins, Tal- low, Wool, etc. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Patent Pump Valve. Grain Dealer. Candy Factory. Fresh Cauily and Ice Cream. E. J. WILCOX, Wiifox'Blopk,No.l(ll First St., SAir JOSE, CAIi. Caiifomia and Eastern Made BOOTS AlTD SHOES, A Large and Superior Assortment. rfo. 394 First Street, ^"ili.ux Blurk, Sau Jose. ''Phese Valves are thesim- X pl'-bt aud ]uost perfect in cuUHtruc- tiun of auy Valve ever iuveutrd. For cheapness, durability iind capacity of diHiharj^nnf^ water, tliey are not equaled by auy utlier Valve. We niauufacture sizes from U ti> 7 iucliey diameter, aud fnr Hand, WinilmiU and Horse-power or Steam Pumps. We also keep on hand and nianufac- turu the best and clicaiieBt Well Pii'Es. FRED. KLEIN, Di'alor in StovcB. etc.. No. 221 Santa t'hira street, a few (iuors west of the Pustoftice. Kan -Jofie, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 337 Fiisl Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOR Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. C. SCHRODEI^, mmik mil factor?, 349 Santa Clara Street, Near tho Opera House, Kan Jose. Coufecf ionery in Great Variety, AVIiol8«ale and Retail. ft^ Orders promptly attended to, SIVIITH & KirSEII JEWELEI\S, &} Wilcox Block, First St., San Jose. TKUE TIME BY TRANSIT. EEPAIEDTO A SPECIALTY. Sole agents fcir tlie ChiCkering Piano anil Estey Organ. mm m im stbrs, (Deutsche Apotheke), HENEY PIESSNECKEE, Proprietor, No. 330 Santn Clara Street, (Bet. First and Sei-ond — South side) 8.\N JOSE. SAN JOSE m pactqe: I^AVKICZ: O'SRIEZU-, WliidiKiale and Uetail Candy Manufacturer, 38? Pirtt, Street, Near San Fernando, San .Tosn, THE BEST m THE WOELD. NO HOXISEKEEPER CAN MAKE SWEET AND WHOLESOME BREAD WITHOUT IT. This well-known and long-established YEAST POW- PEU is now in ^n-at demand. Sales increasin^f daily. Now ^5 KrosB per day to the trade. D. CALLAGHAN, now sole mannfai'tiirer and proprietor, uses no drugs — no bone dust; pure white Cream of Tartar, imported direct and groimd on the premises, being the chief in- gredient. Always on hand and for sale at lowest prices: CallagfUan^s Yeast Po^vder, in 1 lb cans, a su. perinr artiele. Callajsrhan^s Cream of Tartar, in all styles of l>iickaf;es. Calla^Uan's Pure Hn^Iish Bi-carbonate of Soda and Saleratus^ FOR SALE BY ALL GROCERS. — ALSO — Cream of Tartar Crystals and Kn^lisli Bi- carbonate of Soda, in kejLfa. FOR SALE By D. CALLAOHAN & CO., MANUFACTUIIERS, my] No. 131 Front Street, San Francscio. MAY. 1 s. M. T. w. T. F. s. 2 ~3 4 ~5 ~6 7 8 9 lO 1 r 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2f 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 RHODES & LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, No. 355 First Street, S.\N JOSE. R. C. Kirby & Co., TA1T1TE21S! SmCHIIZOAmKNEBSIllEUm:!! Wholesale Dealers. OFFICE I 402 and 404 Battery St., Sail Francisco. Antor\io Damor\te, Santa Clara Valley CAFDY FACTORY, Wholesale and Retail. S7o. 233 Kensley Block, Santa Clara St., San Jose. B. A. TC H San Jose, Has the agency of the ECLIPSE WIND -MILLS I'or Santa Clara county, And erects them with bis own hands, and guarantees perfect Batisfu, Sheep and Goats.— The Angora Goat Again. luiprovemeut of Sheep. •• 137, DonieKtic. — Learn to Keep House. Chnts V ith Purniers' Wives and Daughters (by Jewell) . How to Cook Tomatoes. How Many Farmers Live. Counecticui Dough- nuts. '« 138, Poultry Yard.— Dark Brahma Fowls. Clinping Wings. Fresh Eggs. Management of Ueese. Weight of Eggs. Etc. ** 139, Pisciculture. — Self-sustaining Fish- culture. Hy;;ienic. — Insulated Beds. The Evil:! of Alcohol and Tobacco. '• 140, Women. — Baby Drunkards. Gentle Dignity of Woman. Women's Spending Money. The Society of Women. '* 141, Editorial, Fine Merinos, Fine Poultry, etc. £. A. Clare. J. W. Haskell. CLAUK E, HASKELL, Heal Estate, and Ereneral Business A^ent, SKARC'lIING AND CO X VE Y A N f 1 N G promptly and correctly done— Real Estate bou^^ht oud sold. OmcE;— la Post Office Building. THOEOUSHSaSD SPANISH ^mm FOR SALE. nf\ One and two years old Thoronghhred v)U Spanish Mi rino Itanis, California bred, from EweH iniiiorled from Veimont, and sired by S verance Jt Peet's » t'lebmted ram Tiiemont, and by their 1....1 (JiiEEN JIiTTNTAiN, which took the first pre liiams at ttie Bay DisUiit and State Fairs. Last sheririug, :J5^ lbs. year's growth. Also, ubcmt ICK) Ewes and Lambs, all of Green Mountain stoi-k, lired this year. je B, F. WATKINS, S«ntii Clara. Cal. DOIT'T THUTK BecausG We Trust THOSE WOETHY OF CEEDIT Wo cannot sell Groceries, Hardware, And \11 Kinds of Goods, As Cheap for Cash As Any Store in Santa Clara Co. T R Y XJ S. Mnrkel Street, San Jose. LOOK TO YOUR IHTEEESTS AXD GO TO THE 412 FIBST ST., SAN JOSE. Spring Beds SSade to Order at Less than TVholcsale Prices. It?" Repairing done. Second-hand Furniture bought aud Hold. Z. TAYLOR. Mr. STU-WESAITT, Of Edgewoocl, PonghkefjiRie, New York, wishing to inerense his Sliort-hnrn herd of cattle, offers for sale is entire herd of AYI^SHIF^E CATTLE, Containing Twenty-five Cows in milk and in calf to ''ROBBIE BRUCE," Undoubtedly the finest Ayrshire Viull in the country; four Heiiers. due to calf by the same Bull iluring the Summer; seven Heifer Calves, dropped this Spring; four liuU Crilves of thi.'! Spring; one yenrliiig Bull, and the Bull ROBBIE BRUCE. This entire herd will be sold for the STun of $8,000. This herd is coiiiiios*-! of the two entire herds for- merly belonging to Mr. W. Hiruiejof SpringfieM Mn.'wi., and Mr. H. s. Collins, CoUiusville, C<^tun. Mr. Stuy- vesant having some years since bought these two en- tire herds, and having hatl a weelingout K«le last fall. The above stock is now recorded in I^Ir. Bagg's Ca- nadian and American Ayrshire Herd Book. Mr. Stuy- vesant. however, will agree to record all this stock either in the new volume to be issued by the .\yrshire Breeders' Aesociatiou. or in Measrs. Sturtevant's new work called " North American Ayrshire Itegister," or in both, to suit the buver. yir. Stiiyve-^ant wa-i "invirde'l the HERD PRIZE at the New York State Fair at Rochester, last Fall, with large competition. THE PEDIGREES of this stock are all g^iod. CnlHlogues containing a description of the herd will he sent on application. Also, catalogue of the small but value herd of SUort- liorns at Edgewood written out on applieHtion. Address. -TKO. R. STUYVESANT, Edgewood. Poughkcepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y. SHQI5ErAlffi?i3iiE§,?llOVi§IQNS, T£AS, COFFSES, Cigars, Tobacco, Oil, Lamps, Etc. ALL GOODS WARRANTED FIRST-CLASS TERM S--C ASH! c. A., k o "cr G K, 311 Santa Clara Street, San Jose Dank Building. WOODLAND FOUZiTR^' 'S'ARDS Victorious ! Half the Awards at the Last State Fair. Send for Price List of EGOS and FOWXS. DR. W. J. PRATHEB, ap Woodland, Tolo Co., C«l. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Ill ITo Frog, Uo Foot; N o Foot, N o Horse. J-JORSES TROUBLED WITH Corns, Quarter Cracks, Znterrering, Con- tracted XSoofs, etc., are soon cureil by the Humane and Natural Methotl of HORSE - SHOEING PEACTICED BY THS SA»r JOSS BRANCH GOODEITOUGH Horse-Shoeing Society OF CALIFORNIA, 319 Santa Clara Street, SAN JOSE. At the above WHITESMITH SHOP Is applied exchasively the COODENOUCH SHOE, Which has met with Ruch Rupccsr? in San Francisco, throughout tho East, and in Eu- rope, jo BAN JOSE CLOTHING STO 266 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. O'BANIOIT Si KSerchant Tailors and Clothiers, Sealers in All ZEinds of GEITTS' F-Cr2llT2S2i:i2Ta GOODS, LICHTSTONE BLOCK, Nearly Opposite the Auzerals House. BREEDERS' DIRECTOIIY. Parties deeiring to purcliase Live Stock will find in this Directury tbe uameH of Buiue of the moBt reliable Breeders. Our Rates.— Cards of two lines or less will be in- serted in this Directory at the rate of 50 cents ])er month. A line will average about eight words. Payalde annually. CATTLE. C. B. POIiHBMUS, San Jose. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle, S. N. PUTNAM, breeder of Pure-bred Durham Cattle, Santa Clara, Cal. S. B. EMERSOIV. Mountain View, Santa Clara comity. Cnl.. breeder of Shoii-Hurn and Holstein Cattle and Cutfswold Sheep. CHA.Rl.ES CI.ARK, Milpitas. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. CYRUS JONES rt-Horn Cattle. LEWIS PIBRCE, Suisvm, Solano county, Califoi^ uia, breeder of Short-Uorn Cuttle. SHEEP AND GOATS. MRS. ROBERT BL.ACOW, Centerville, near Niles Station, Alameda county, Cal. Pure-blooded French Merino itams and Ewes lor sale. A. G. STONESIPER, Hill's Feny, Stanislaus Co., Cal., breeder of Pure-blooded French Merino Sheep. A. "VROMAN, Jenny Lind, Calaveras county, Cal., Cot^wold Bucks for sale. References, Moody & Far- ifih, San Franoiscx); Shippee, McKee & Co., Stockton. niARSH & RETICKER, San Jose. SanU Clara county, breeders of Pure Angora Goats. LENDRUM *& ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal.. im- Ifortuiti and breeders of Pure Angora Goats. C. P. BAILEY, San Jose Cal., importer, breeder and dealer in Cashmere or Angora Goats. Fine Pure-bred aud Grade Guats for sale. LEXDRUM & ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of the finest Cotswold Sheep and Angora Goats. MCCRACKEN Si LEWIS, San Jose, Cal. Ira- porters and breeders of fine Angora Goats. Also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. THOS. BUTTEEFIELD & SON, BHEEDEnS AND IMPOUTEJIK OF ANGORA OR CASHMERE GOATS, KE^ Also, Cotswold and other long wool Sheep. "^ FRENCH AND SPANISH MERINOS. HOLLISTER. MONTEREY CO., CAL. POULTRY, M FALLON, Seventh and Oak streets, Oakland, Cal.. offers for sale Eggs from every variety of choice Fowls. ALBERT E, BURBANIC, 43 and 44 California M:irket, San Francisco, importer and breeder of Fancy Fowls. Pigeons, Rabbits, etc. SWINE. CHARLES CLARK, Milpitas, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of purebred Berkshire Swine, MEAT MARKETS, TEDDY *: BRO., Stall No. 1. City Market, do a geu- i cral butchering and market business. City orders delivert tl free of extra charge. MISCELLANEO US, S. HARRIS BARRING, San Jose. Cal.. agent for several breeders of Best Purebred animals and pi>ul- try. We bring the breeder aud purchaser together direct, and do n<.)t stand between them, while we aid each for moderate pay. DAAVSON «& BANCROFT, U. S. Live Stock Ex- change, southeast corner o4 Fifth aud Bryant streets San Francisco. All kinds of common and thorough- bred Stuck always on exhibition and for sale. SPLENDID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, onlv ^•i a dozen, aud Cabinets S-l a dozen, at HOW- LANO'S Gallery (Hecriug's old stand] No. 3iVJ First street. San Jose. fe ly WALLACE & ROBBINS, 380 First street. Handsome turnouts always on hand at fair prices. Fine hearso for funerals. CarriagcB for sale. Give us a trial. TH. GORDON. 3.^1 Santa Clara street, below Second. • Gas. water and stoiim fitting, and general plumb- ing business. Chax'ges very moaerate. BSANGITINETTI. 418 au4 420 First si. Bookcases, • wanliobcs, kitchen safes and picture frames made to order. Furniture made and repaii-ed. JKOSCIIKEN, Hardware, Builders' Materials, " House Furnishing litensils. andall kinds of Shelf Uai'dware, 117 First Street, San Joso. Em^W Vol. 6. Saia. Jose, Cal., June, 1375. ITo. 6. A NEW GRAPE-VINE PEST- Our attention was called by Mr. F. Garri- gus, of Santa Clara, to the ravages of some sort of a small bug, flea or fly that had at- tacked Mr. Norman Porter's vineyard which is situated upon chimasel land near the foot of the mountains at the west of our valley. Also, Mr. D. C. Feeley brought to our oflice some of the same sort of insects, that he said were attacking a small vineyard not his own in the foot-hills of the same range. Af- ter a look at the insects through a microscope, we rode over to the Porter place, and in com- pany with Mr. Stone, who has charge of the farm and who kindly assisted us in bottling a few more of the bugs, we made a close obser- vation of the habits of the insect throughout the vineyard. Then at home we again exam- ined with the microscope. To the naked eye the full-grown insect is about one-tenth of an inch long, is dark-colored, has wings much like those of a com-mon fly, prominent eyes, oval body, and when it is approached exhibits fear, and if disturbed, with a quick motion, almost a hop, it either flies or drops to the ground, where it seeks shelter under clods of earth, dead weeds or other rubbish of any kind. The young bugs, when first hatched, look like tiny, light-colored spiders. As they get larger they more nearly resemble the green aphis in shape, not in color, and do not get wings aijparently till the last shed- ding of the skin. They work in groups and where they attack a vine they first tap the largest leaves and the bark near the base of the' new growth of wood, and invariably take the tenderest new growth last, seeming to prefer a growth nearly matured to the tender new shoots. They will cluster thickly upon whatever they attack. As they rest upon the vines their heads are always towards the ends of the vines, and with such regularity do they cluster upon the wood that one might easily miss seeing them did not the vine wither and the leaves dry up wherever the in- sects infest them. Throughout the vineyard of sixty acres the bugs seemed to be working in some spots verj' badly, in others but little. Some of the vines were apparently entirely destroyed, and it was often that they made a clean sweep of whatever vine they attacked. In an adjoining young almond orchard of thirty acres we found some, but they did not seem to Uke the almond much. Several young English walnut trees had been attacked, some lower limbs killed but not the whole tree. Several species of weeds were covered, but a sort of annual milkweed that is very abundant upon the place seemed to be the favorite food. Mr. Stone thought that this weed is what brought them there, and said that it grew thickly in the vineyard and was not plowed up last Spring until it was almost knee-high. The bugs swarm in almost count- less millions in the half-buried stufl' that was turned under, from the smallest to the largest sized bugs. Mr. Stone had sprinkled sul- phur and tried to kill the bugs, but had finally given it up, as the very ground seemed so lull of them. He had been advised to use car- bolic acid, but as nothing less than a thunder shower of it would reach them all, he de- spaired of that remedy. We noticed particu- larly that the bugs do not burrow in clean earth, but resort to the foul stuff half-buried in the soil. We advised raking the ground clean and piling the dead weeds and rubbish between the rows of vines, thus laying traps for them. It seems that at night and when the wind blows hard the bugs leave the vines and seek a shelter. Where there was not stuff enough upon the ground to burn readily, we ad\'ised the adding of straw, and then when the bugs were all collected in the shel- ters thus provided, to apply the torch. We are of the opinion that this pest, alarming as it seems to be and is, can easily and cheaply be destroyed in this way, so that but little damage to vineyards will necessarily result. We do not blame the vineyard men for being alarmed, only we wish they were less inclined to keep the matter a secret, fearing it would in- jure their prospects in case they should desire to dispose of their property. We understand that Norman Porter's fine vineyard and or- chard have been before the market for some time, and we were cautioned to say nothing to injure him. We certainly have no desire to. His 90 acres of almonds and choice va- rieties of grapes must be a fortune to any one in spite of bugs, if properly managed. Be- sides, such bugs only make their appearance once or twice in a generation, and at most only last two or three years at a time ; and if they can easily be destroyed, as we have no doubt they can be, the damage will be trifling indeed. Microscopically we have made but a par- tial examination. The insect belongs to the order Hemipteka. Although in some respects it is closely allied to the Aphidida;, it is really a Ckadadie. In other woi-ds, it is more of a harvest fly than a plant louse. It is some- thing like the vine-fretter of Europe and the leaf-hopper of the East, that so nearly de- stroyed the vineyards that some persons aban- doned their grapevines many years ago. But as we fail to find an accurate description of this bug, we think it a distinct variety, peculiar to our climate. When we take into consid- eration, for instance, the fact that over 4,000 species of wevils have actually been scientific- ally named and described, what need we won- der that we have here a harvest bug somewhat different from what has been observed in any other country? And why should not we take a little pride in thinking we have a bug of California? has no This bug does not eat, jaws, but lives upon the juices of the plants, which it draws through a horny, black beak, attached to the under side of itM face, and which lies bent under the breast, reaching to the abdomen, when not in use. Attached to this beak, near its hilt, is a sharp, needle-like lance, with which to puncture the bark before applying its beak. Its head and thorax is half the length of its body, which is an elon- gated oval. The antenna, or feelers, are three-jointed, and about the length of its beak, which is also three-jointed. The hind leys are not larger than the others, but the thighs are dark-colored. All the feet are three- jointed, and the last joint is dark-colored. The foot has two claws, one of which is much stronger than the other. The wings slope to the sides slightly; wing-covers transparent. When crushed between the fingers it emits a chinch or bed-bug odor. The full-sized insect has few marks or stripes, and is a chocolate color, darkest on its shoulders. The young are more or less colored from a light straw to a deep orange in blotches with chocolate. We think the young are hatched before leaving the abdomen of the female, but of this we are not certain. There is little transformation during the difi'ertnt stages of growth until the full-grown winged insect appears.. A perfect description of this insect, which we are not now prepared to give, would be mainly interesting to scientific readers. But everyone who either owns a grape vine or eats a grape must feel an interest in the ad- vent of this bug. How to prevent and how to destroy this grape-pest is a matter of much concern. To learn its correct name, to as- certain its nature and habits, so as to best understand how to accomplish its destruction is the work of the scientist, and everyone is a scientist to the extent that he understands the facts, principles and nature of things, and how to apply means to accomplish a given end. Addenda. — Since writing the above we have seen Mr. Stone again. He found that the traps of weeds and straw would not work, as the bugs would be close to the ground under the piles, and as soon .as the flame was put to them they would scatter, and by the time the heat reached the ground the bugs would be gone. But Mr. Stone has tried kerosene with success. One-third kerosene and two- thirds water sprinkled upon the vines would kill all the bugs it touched and prevent the bugs from again attacking the vines once wet with the kerosene. Mr. Stone is sure that he now has the power to save the vines from the bugs. Our theory, though plausible, would not stand the practice, which after all is the only reUable test. The only question now is, how much kerosene will the grape- as well as a locust of cor own in | vines stand without being killed or injuerd, «jg>| California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^iie Mfack Jfo unfit IJ S. HAERIS HEEEINa & CO., Editors aud Publisliers. V OFFICE: Over the San .lose Savings Bank, B;«U>arlL''s Itniltlin^, Santa Clara Street, near First, San Joge. SPECIAL TESMS TO AGEITTS. RATES OF ADVERTISING. Per one Column ?15 00 Per Month *' half Oolnnin 8 00 " *' fourth Column 4 00 " ** " eishth Column 2 00 " ** " sixteenth Column 100 •* *' n^ We aro dtitermined to adhere to to our reeolution to admit none but worthy biiyinesB advertising in our columns, and to keep clnar of patent medicine, liquor, and otber advertisements of doubtful influence. I'he lart^c circulation, the desiriible cliiss of readers, nndthe neat and convenient form, rend' rw thin Journal a choice medium for reaching the attention of the masses. EDITORIAL NOTES, PestlfferOUS.— Tho dry season appears to be favorable to tlie life of insect pests. The grasshoppers in some places are bad; worse in Colorado and adjoining Territories than in California. They are literally devastating a large extent of inhabited country, destroying millions of property in growing crops. In our Santa Clara valley the caterpillars are de- stroying the fruit crop in some orchards; others they have not troubled. We saw hun- dreds of aijple trees in Mr. Gould's and Mr. Watkins' orchards with the foliage stripped from them. They are not the tent caterpillar, but when not eating the leaves cluster to- gether on the large limbs and trunks of the trees. When in this position it would not be a difficult matter to- destroy great numbers of them, but we saw no disposition to attempt their destruction, and were told that there is so little profit in fruit culture that it would not pay to spend the time necessary to kill them. Also the live-oak trees are infested with caterpillars — a difl'orent variety from those on the fruit trees. These consume the hard foliage as a fire, leaving the trees as desolate as a deciduous tree iu Winter. The caterpillars on the oak have large heads, nearly smooth bodies, and do not live iu tents or cluster together much. They are about an inch and a half long. The one on apple trees is at least two inches long, and is quite hairy, with apparently pointed ends. There is an- other much smaller caterpillar troubling the pear trees iu some localities. Squash bugs aro plenty, and the grapo vine fly is getting worse every day, so we aro told. Observing persons say that many insects presage a dry season to come, or a series of dry seasons. In order to support the "great and grow- ing agricultural and industrial interests of the Pacific coast," another liquor paper has been started in San Francisco. It comes out like a bloody pirate that it is, under a flag not its own. It calls itself "temperance" because it wants to appear respectaV:)le, while its own black flag is hidden. But it mil deceive no one by this pretense — it only shows its own cupidity. It is i^ublished by Carmany & Co. The fruit crop will bo much lighter this season than our orchardists at first thought. The young fruit has commenced falling before being half grown — some varieties are nearly a failure. It is thought that the heavy April frosts so weakened the embryo fruit that it could never jicrfectly develop. On the whole it is estimated there will not be over one-half a crop this season. There will jirobably be enough to supply the demand for green fruit at pajang prices, but the drying and canning factories will be likely to run short of material. The grapo crop, so far as we can learn, prom- ises to be abundant. Chaos Eclipsed. — We have been lately forced into having some experience in law and the courts, with a lawyer (so called) against us. We have come to the conclusion that any person who expects to find justice in that way is very verdant. That law is made quite as much to elude as to secure justice, and those who administer and judge the law are far from perfect iu conscience and in judgment. The dishonest man, the trickster, and the perjurer, has all the advantage; and that phase of our civilization found in a "court of justice" offers a premium on ras- cality as against honesty, and is a virtual fail- ure so far as right is concerned; and if the such laws were repudiated, law books burned, and lawyers, justices and judges were contraband, and the whole thing resolved down to first piuciples, "an eye for an eye," etc., and double-barreled shot-guns, it would suit us better, for a decent man then would stand at least an equal show of getting his own, and securing justice when due. New Game Law Needed.— There is need of a revised game law in California to favor farmers, founded upon the principles given below, which we clip from the Mural New Yorker; only we would ipialify by allow- ing a farmer to destroy, during any season, such game as may be destructive to his crops. We have known quail to destroy grain and small fruits when a few doses of shot, which the law forbade, would have saved the crops and much trouble and annoyance. The question of the right of property in game that find shelter or may breeil on the premises of a farmer, or may bo found on his farm, and his right to make use of it at will, is an issue that is being and to be made in the Legislature of some of the States. The sportij.- racn insist that the game is the property of the State, and the time and manner of killing it should be regulated by the States. Farmers — some of them at least — claim that they have the right to any game that may Vie found on their premises to use as they may choose and when they choose. Tho claim is to bo urged before legislative bodies that it may bo recog- nized. It seems to us equitable that the far- mer should have tho right to kill any kind of game found on his premises at any time, for his own and family's consumption as food; other than that we would restrict his privilege to destroy it in any manner at certain seasons of the year — at those seasons usually named in the game laws. Added, we would make it a criminal act for a sportsman to invade and shoot or fish upon any person's premises without the latter's consent. This is the only mode by which a man can be protected from the lawless depredations of a large class of professional sportsmen, who are as impu- dent and insulting as they generally are irre- sponsible. Irrigation vs. Cultivation. — We fre- quently see something like the following ex- tract going the rounds of the press, without qualification, calculated to deceive those who have not by practical experience in this dry climate learned better. We know that unless the land spoken of is supplied with water from some other source than what rain falls upon it, it would be impossible to grow such crops. Probably the farm spoken of is on low, alluvial soil, the subsoil of which is kept filled with moisture by the seepage of water from some stream situated above or near it (there is much such land iu this State) ; or, it may be in a natural basin which nearly fills during overflow and holds the water in suf- ficient quantities to supply vegetation by ca- pillary attraction from below during the dry Summers, (we have seen such land in New Mexico). We know that no system of farm- ing will bring such crops every year on soil that depends solely on the rain which falls upon it during the rainy reason. Here is the article referred to: The Los Angeles Prexs has found a man by the name of Burke who will nor irrigate his farm, though he has a chance to do so. It says; "He is one of the most prosperous farmers in the county, and for five or six years he has declined to irrigate his lands at all. He has ample facilities for that purpose, but by deep plowing, and the ordinary atten- tion which an Eastern man bestows upon his crops, ho does not need to use them. His whole hundred and fifty acres will average him every year from seventy to seventy-five bush- els to the acre. He has, besides, one of the best orchards in the county, of apples, pears, peaches, etc., and none of these trees ever see a drop of water except the natural rainfall. To-day, within reach of irrigation, Mr. Burke has absolutely a prejudice against it." San Jose Daily Advertiser.— This the name of a new paper lately started in our city. It is a small sheet, neatly printed, and deserving of success. We are disgusted with our "old dailies," and hail the AihxrtUier as a harbinger of better things to come. Concrete Buildings. Editors Agkicui.turist : — Can you give any information in regard to concrete build- ings— materiiU to use, mode of building, etc. ? About eighteen years ago I saw an account in the liuml 2few Yorker of a man's making walls in his fields of concrete. Why would it not do here where there is no freezing to injure it? Some of your readers may have had experience with it for fencing and can answer as to its utility. W. A. T. [Will some of our readers who have the requisite knowledge or experience please an- swer this query? — Eds.] California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^MiXlh The Untilled Land. ALTEKED FROM DCOANNK. cSi v^S'HE water bath fish and tho land hath flesh, tAuil tbe air hath many a bird ; And the soil is teeming u'ur tho earth, And fruits grow fuir in many lauds, Yet iiiillinnti uf hands want acru-B, And millions of acres want hands. Sunlight and breeze and gladeorae flowers Are o'er the earth spread wide, AJid Nature gave these gilts to men. To utl who on earth abide. The fioil lies fallow, the woods grow rank, Yt;t idle tbe poor man stands. Ah, niilliims of hands want acres, And mtllione of acres want hands. Tis writ that we " should not muzzle tho ox That treadeth out the corn," Yet behold, ye shackle the poor man's limba, That all earth's burdens have borue I The land is the gift of Nature to man, And labor is Nature's command, Yet millit>us of hands want acres. And millions of acres want handa. ■Who hath ordained that the few should hoard Their millions of useless gold, Aud rob the earth of its fruits and flowers, "While proHtless soil tht y hold? Who hath urdained that a parchment scroll Shall fence round miU-s of lands, When millions of hands want acres, And millions of acres want hands? 'TiB a glaring lie on the face of day. This robbery of men's rights I •Tis a lie that the face of Nature disowns I 'Tis a curse that burns aud blights ! And 'twill burn and blight till the people rise And swear, while they burst their bauds, That hands heucefurth shall have the acres. And the acres henceforth have hands. To a Young Man Leaving Home. You're starting to-day on life's journey. Alone on the highway of life ; You'll meet with a thousand temptations — Each city with evil is rife. This world is a stage of excitement. There's danger wherever you go ; But if yovi are tempted iu weakness, Have courage, my boy, to say " No I" The siren's sweet song may allure you ; Beware of her cunning and art ! Whenever y<^)U see her approaching. Be guarded and haste to depart. The billiard saloons are inviting, Decked out in their tinsel and show ; You may be invited to enter ; Have courage, my boy, to say '* No I" The bright ruby wine may be offered ; No matter how tempting it be. From poison that stings like an adder. My boy. have the courage to flee.^ The gambling hulls are before you ; Their lights— how they dance to and fro I If you should be tempted to enter. Look twice, even thrice, ere vou do. In courage alone lies your safety, When you the long journey begin. And trust in good moral precepts Will keep you unspotted trom sin. Temptations will go on increasing, As streams from a rivulet llow, But if you are true to your manhood. Have the courage, my boy, to say •' No t" The Two Reapers. Two reapers toiled, their task half done. Had reached a tree whose shade had run Full twice its length. With failing strength Both cast themselves beneath. Both gnashed their teeth And cm-fed theit lot : •'We toil and sweat, we sweat and t^il, And while the owner of this soil Is blessed with plenty through our sweat, We scarcely have enough to eat," Thus reasoning, one reached forth his hand To grasp a pot. Both took a li^ught. Oh, what disgrace I The fiery stuff soon flushed their face And temper too. Says one : *' This world is all a chance. I'll not believe in Providence. Through rain or shine, through cold or hot. We toil and labor all for naught." A zi-phyr passed, his voice was heard. Witli titiderness her heart was stirred. And bending low to make hiui hoar, She whispered softly in his ear : " God is to you a partial Father. While you drink rum, this farmer water !" — [Wm, Home. To-Day and To-Morrow. Awake my soul I with eager zeal The daily task beginning ; ■ For labor hath its pleasures real. And doubly worth the winning. What though with toil and care oppressed, Tho day seems long and dreary V We should not know the joy of rest If we were never wftary. Then up I and banish sloth away. Nor care nor trouble borrow ; For patient, earnest toil To-day Wins triumphs for To-morrow. What though the heedless crowd around May gi'eet you with their laughter? It jn-ovi's tliut they have never found What we are seeking after — The lofty joy, the pure delight. That ligliis the path of duty; That makes the earth abou* us bright And life a thing of beauty. Then up 1 and banish sloth away At work-bench or in furrow ; Let others laugh at us To-day, We'll laugh at them To-morrow. This lesson Nature yet instills. As well as Uevelation — That everything created fiUs Some chasm in creation. There's not a grass-blade in tho vale. Or flower that looks to heaven, To which, could we but read tho tale,' Some use has not been given. Then up 1 let us of nobler clay From these a lesson borrow ; For sloth and idleness To-day Will bring regret To-murrow. Tho meanest worm that crawls the dust. Before its life is euded, Accomplishes the purpose just For which it was intended. Think ye that man alone hath been Placed in the world to mar it? Shall we live, and our fellow-men Be none the better for it? No ! let us lend a feeble ray To light the gloom of sorrow ; For we, who profler aid To-day, May need the same To-morrow. We each can make, though small and weak. The world a little brighter. With every cheering word we speak Somebody's heart is lighter. And should misfortune be our share. With grief and pain attended, a^-h pang with patience let us bear. We know 'twiU soon be ended. Though rough and thorny be our way. And paved with pain and sorrow — Though we may sow iu tears To-day, We'll reap in joy To-morrow, Don't Run in Debt. Don't run in debt — never mind, never mind If your clothes are all faded and torn ; Fix: 'em up, make 'em do— it is better by far Thau to have the heart weary and worn Who will love you the more for the set of your hat, Or your rufl". or the tie of your shoe ; The style of your boots, or shade of cravat. If they know you're in debt for the new? Good frien.ls, let me beg of you, don't run in debt. If the chairs and the sofa are old ; They'll lit yuur backs better than any new set. Unless they are paid for— with gold. If the house is too small, draw the closer together, Keep it warm with a hearty good will. A big one, uupaid-for, in all kinds of weather Will send to the warm heart a chill. Don't run in debt— dear girls, take a hint ; If the fashions have changed since last season. Old Nature is out in the very same tint. And old Nature, methinks, has some reason. But just say to your friends, I cannot afford To spend time to keep up with fashion ; My purse is too light and honor too bright To be tarnished with such silly passions. Gents, don't run in debt— let your friends, if they want. Have tine houses and clothing and flowers ; But imless they are paid for, be more of a man Than to eu\*y their sunshiny hours. If you've money to spare I've nothing to eay. Spend your dollars and dimes as you please ; But uiind you, the man who his note has to pay. Is the man who is never at ease. Kind husbands, don't run in debt any more, * 'Twill till yoiu" wife's cup full of sorrow. To know that a neighbor may call at your door Willi a bill you mu^t settle to-morrow. O, take my advice, it is good, it is true I lint lest you may, some of you. doubt it, 1*11 whisper a secret, now seeing 'tis you — I've tried it and know all about it. The chain of a debtor is heavy and cold. Its links all corrosion and rust ; Gild it o'er as you will, it is never of gold, Then spurn it aside with disgust — " I've tried it and know ail about it." Pace Implora. BY JOAQUIX MILLEB. Better It were to sit still by the sea. Loving somebody and satisHed — Better it were to grow babes on the kneo, To anchor you do\i-n for all your days- Thau wander and wander iu all thetio ways. Land forgotten and love denied. Better sit still where born, I say. Wed one sweet woman and love her well, Laugli with your neighbors and live in their way, J!r It Mtver so humble. Tlie humbler the home, The nobler, indeed, to bear your part. Love and be h'Ved with all your heart. Drink sweet waters and f toil, And beckons angels down to bless Industrious hands on sea and soil. Here sun-browned toil, with shining spade. Links lake to lake with silver ties. Strung thick with palaces of trade And temples towering to the skies, The Plough. Far back in ages The plough with wreaths was crownod ; The hands of kings aud sages Entwined tlie chaplets round. Till men of spoil disdained the toil By which the world was nourished. And* bhxid and pillage were the soil In which their laurels flourished Knw the world her fault despairs. The guilt that stains her story. And wfceps her crimes amid the carts That form her earliest glory. The throne shall crumble. The diadem shall wane. The tribes of earth shall humble Tbe pride of those who reign; And war shall lay his pomp away ; The fame that heroes cherish. The glory earned in deadly fniy. Shall fade, decay and i)erish. Houor waits o'er all the earth. Through endless generations. Tbe art that calls the harvest forth And feeds the expectant nations. — (Wm. C. Brj-ant. Mist. How do the rivulets find their way ? How do the flowers know the day. And open their cups to catch the ray? I see the germ to tho sunlight reach. And the nestlings know tbe old birds' speech ; I do not see who is there to teach. I see the hare from the danger hide, Aud the sLirs through the pathless spaces ride ; I do not see that they have a guide. He is eyes for all who 13 eyes for the mole ; All motion goes to the rightful goal ; O, God i I can trust for the human soul. — [Chas. G. Ames Between two evils choose neither, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ABOUT THE SEASON. Tho failure of our usual Spring raius lias brought a veritable drouth ujion the country, notwithstuniling the early promise of an abundant harvest. Early sown gi-ain that had the advantage of a good root growth while the Winter rains prevailed, are the only fields that have succeeded on dry lands and under ordinary treatment. Only a few fields of late sowed gi-ain have done well, and only such fields as received extra tillage, or were put in on laud that had been previously in pasture or summer-fallow, did well sown late. Old Californians think another series of di'y seasons has commenced. Every sign points that way, and it is about the time iu a decade of years for such an occurrence. It is ■well, at any rate, for every farmer to make calculations for such an event. To such as are fortunate to have farms upon low lands but little need be said. They will profit by the failure of those whose farms are high and dry, by getting better jirices, etc. But, to farmers who are cultivating di-y ranches, we offer a few suggestions. Do not calculate upon putting the whole farm in grain, but only such portions as you may have reason to believe will stand the best show of producing some croii should the sea- son be dry. That poi-tion which you propose to leave for volunteer and pasture, it would be well to harrow over thoroughly, and cross- harrow again, as soon as convenient to do so. A mulching upon the surface, such as the dry earth would make by harrowing, would tend to prevent the further evaporation of moisture from the soil, and the moisture from a gi'eat depth below the surface would diffuse itself equally under the harrowed surface, so that wheu the first rains would sprout tho seed it would have a better chance to take root and grow. Even such laud as you intend to plow and seed next Fall, it would be a good plan to harrow in this way, for reasons above given. Of course, where the stubble is now of much value for pasture, it would not be economy to destroy it. But there is much land on almost every farm that will not be pastured to any paying extent. We strongly advise every up- land farmer to make plans to summer-fallow a portion of his land next season, HAKVEST CliOSBLY. As to harvesting gr.ain this season, we would advise skimming as closely as possible, where it is light. Make seed and feed for yourselves if you can. We know of some farms in our Santa Clara Valley that will have hard work to yield that much this sea- son. Save, also, all the hay and straw pos- sible. Don't lose a straw if you c n help it. NOW A WOUD AEOnT STOCK. Make plana to fatten and sell or put into the barrel this fall every second-class beef animal you can spare from the farm. Leave none but the best cows and other most valu- able animals to keep — none but what yoii know your farm can safely carry over a hard year or two. You may think that taking a scare before you are hurt i.s a poor principle ; but even if it is a good season next year, such a thinning out will not be bad, for you can then purchase some better animals to take their places, which will always pay iu tho long run anyway. A2/ropos to this subject, we quote from the San Malm Gazette some in- teresting facts and suggestions : The meteorological records of the State prove that California has experienced seasons of drouth which have bc^n terrible in their results. They have occurred at long intervals of time, before as well as since the American occupation. They entailed no loss of hu- man life, so far as we are aware ; but vast herds of horses and cattle were lost. In some years the grass crop entirely failed, and thousands of cattle were killed for their hides and tallow, the carcasses being left on the plains for the vultures aad coyotes. Don Andreas Pico, an eminent native Cali- forniau living near Los Angeles, during vari- ous years of drouth prior to 1851, di-ove thou- sands of wild horses over cliifs a hundred feet high into the sea. In those years the crops totally failed for the want of rain, and the California raucheros were compelled to destroy their horses in order to save as much pasture as possible for their vast herds of cat- tle. But even this expedient often failed to save their stock of sheep and cattle. They perished by thousands for want of the life- giving water. Much suffering ensued among the people. This country was then sparsely settled. When its rising population approx- imates to the millions, as it surely will at no distant day, we can readily see that the occur- rence of one of the long drouths peculiar to California would be attended with disastrous results. It has sometimes happened that for one, and even two, years no rain has fallen in California. Suppose that such a thing should happen next year or in 1877 ; our wheat exportation would cease and agri- culture receive a blow from which it would take a long time to recover. All our great iu- terests would suffer a temporary paralysis, and millions would be lost our young com- monwealth. IKEIGATtON NEEDED. "Necessity is the mother of invention," and this contingency of a drouth, which has so often happened here, ought to stimulate our inventive genius and induce us to devise some method of general and permanent irriga- tion— something that will make us independ- ent of the capricious elements, and secure for us aud for coming generations an unfailing supply of pure water. The Legislature ought to invite from our citizens plans and specifi- cations for a general system of irrigation; with the understanding that a prize of money shall be paid by the State to the person whose plan is ajiproved and adopted. This would bring men of inventive talent into the field, and would secure for the successful proprietor a fame more indestructible than silver and gold. Irrigation is a subject that is now claiming a good deal of attention iu some portions of the State, but much more is required to be said on the subject. There are many places so situated that a cojiious Summer irrigation would be impossible, without an immense ex- pense, where WINTER IKKIGATION would pay, and could in all ordinary seasons be practiced. We know of many farms in our ViUley that might have been soaked with water last Winter, and would have had good crops, where now but little either of hay or grain will be cut. In riding through these- districts wo notice that along the side of roads and in little tags where tho water settled in and soaked the soil, that the grain stands high and looks first-rate,, while the rest of tho fields are dried Tip, without heads, and not over six inches high. This shows conclusive- ly that a little more water, or at least a plenty of water during the rainy season, would havo | insured the crops. It is very poor soil that will not make a good crop if it is once tho- roughly soaked with water. We feel more than confident that if the farmers of our State fully appreciated the advantages that must follow Winter irrigation, they would not rest until every little stream that runs across our valleys was led upon the lands until they were filled with water and good crops insured. The fertilizing materials that would be de- posited upon farms in this way from the wash and drainage of mountain lands would keep farms thus watered perpetually fertile, and alone well pay the trouble and expense of such a system. Can any farmer dispute this point? THIN SOTTING. Our attention was called by a practical far- mer to one little fact which is worth the con- sideration of all grain raisers. We saw spots in a dried-up field where the grain run up and looked as though it would make good heads, that could only be accounted for by being seeded thinner than the rest. There were not so many stalks to sap the moisture, in other words, were less to divide the mois- ture between, and consequently each one had more to itself than where the grain was thickly sown. This thing the same gentleman has noticed for several years, and asserts that thin sowing for dry seasons is the thing. It takes less than one half the seed usually sown, not so much expense on a risk, and even if the season should be a wet one -nill stool out if sown early so as to produce about as much as if sown as thick as usual. When dry, thin sown does not stool out much, but makes full heads when thick sown grain would dry out completely. One thing more, which we have often re- peated already: remember that Ihm-ough sur- face cultivation is needed to withstand the effect of drouth iu our dry climate. Deadly insects. The buffalo gnat is credited with occasion- ing a wide-spread mortality among the horses aud mules of east Tennessee. Many farmers h.ave lost all their stock at a season of the year when they can least afl'ord to do without them. The bite of this insect seems as deadly .as that of the African tsetse, the pest of ail travelers in Africa. Man and wild animals appear to be invulnerable to the tsetse, but camels, dogs, oxen and horses cannot long survive its attacks. In one expedition Dr. Livingstone lost forty-three oxen from this cause. Ho was inclined to believe that the ass was bite-proof, but the experience of his last journey convinced him that he was iu error. The donkey, though not so suscepti- ble as some of the other animals above men- tioned, still succumbs to the little brown fiy with yellow stripes. Its proboscis jjierces tho skin of its victims, and draws thence a plen- tiful supply of blood. No special harm at first seems to have been done, but in a few days the eyes and nose of a bitten animal be- gin to run; a swelliug makes its ajipearance undirthe jaw; the muscles gi-ow weak, and finally the iligcstivo organs are disordered and death soon follows. When dissected, the cellular tissue under the skin is found to be injected with air, as if soap-bubblos were scat- tered over it. We have not received full de- tails of tho operation of the Tennessee insect, but whatever it is, its ravages are (juite like those of the tsetse. — Cincinnati Gazette. He that composes himself is wiser than he that composes books. y^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. AGRICULTUEAL AND GRANGE MATTERS IN THE SOUTH. Any reliable iutelligencc of the agiioultnral condition of the Southern States we regard ■with interest. California Beams more nearly related, in resources, climate and productions to the South than to the North. The South has depended for success upon gromug arti- cles for export, and California tends to the same direction. The consequence to the South of the one-crop system has been most disastrouF, and her only salvation is to inaug- urate a more diversified system of agriculture, and this her people ars not yet educated up to. They know nothing but cotton, as many of our farmers know nothing but grain, and they purchase from the Northern States the common necessaries of life, which they might with economy produce at home. While di- vided by distance and non-communication they were also subjects of sharpers in the the shape of cotton speculators. The Grange will remedy this matter to a great extent, and in meeting together, discussions upon farming matters will gradually educate the farmers to adopt and follow a diversified and more prac- tical and economical system of agriculture. J. W. A. Wright has just written a good letter from the South to the San Francisco Chronicle, on Grange matters in the South, from which we select the following: In the Southern States generally, there is no question that the Grange, in its many subordinate and State organizations, is greatly advancing the interests of agriculture by the practical accomplishment of some of its no- blest purposes. Throughout the Southern States more than ten thotisand subordinate Granges — nearly half the number in the United States — are combining all agricultur- ists in all the fraternity and strength of our Order for the protection of those interests of agriculture which are common to every State, regardless of any partisan or sectional differ- ences. Not only is their real community of inter- ests more fully disciissed and understood — not only is more complete social enjoyment secured, but the fields are more carefully fer- tilized aud more thoroughly cultivated. The harmouious and sympathetic work of the Grange throughout the Union has given our Southern Virothers generally new-born hopes for "a better day coming." .\ud surely they need that better day as few farmers in the world can need it. The chief business enter- prise into which they have been led by the principles of the Grange is a combined move- ment in Georgia, South Carolina aud Ala- bama, iu which other cotton States will no doubt soon join, for direct shipments of cot- ton to Europe by the Granges. Southern cottou buyers have been paying better prices the past Winter thau formerly. This is no doubt to be accounted for chietiy by two facts — this movement toward direct shijjmeuts and the decreased number of bales raised last ye-ar, the crop of 1871 iu the cottou States being now placed at about 3,000,01)1) bales. This latter fact is also due iu great measure, as is well known, to the Grange work; for South- ern farmers generally adopted the advice given them by the St. Louis meeting of the National Grange, to plant less cotton and more corn. So there is no doubt of the favorable influence of the Grange, directly and indirectly, in se- curing better prices for cotton growers the past season. They have also, as a general rule, been paying less for the transportation of their produce to market, and been receiving greater accommodation from commercial men, many of whom here, as everywhere else, bless the Grange — over the left — with a slight grit- ting of the teeth, while ready to admit that it will be a great benefit to farmers, so long as they are true to its purposes and restrain themselves within proper bounds. In Alabama, where almost every farmer is a Granger, the State l'"air next October will be conducted under the management of a com- mittee of the State Grange. Premiums are offered which must tend materially to im- provement iu systems of culture. No Ameri- can citizens rejoice more at the growing "era of good feeling," are more patriotic, or more willing to do everything in their i)ower to aid in bridging over, sincerely, etfectually and forever, the "bloody chasm," than are the Grangers o( the South. It is only necessary "to meet them half way." As I came through Tennessee, where you know there are now over one thousand sub- ordinate Granges, I met with some prominent members of our Order in that State. They assert that the purposes of the Grange are working out the same benefits for farmers there as in other States. One little special item for which the Grangers have credit there is the securing of a small aud apparently in- siguificaut act of their Legislature last Winter iu the interest of sheep-raising. It is nothing more nor less thau a "dog-law." It fixes a fine of five dollars on one kind of dog, aud one dollar on auother kind. Collectors of the poll-tax are expected to collect the dog-tax. If the owner of a dog refuses to pay the tax the collector is required to kill the dog at ouce. This law and its provisions will go far toward freeing the State from sheep-kilUng dogs, for it will not pay to keep any but good dogs, and if properly enforced it can at least make sheep husbandry profitable. Just such a law is needed in Alabama, Mississippi, Mai'yland and other Southern States, for, beyond ques- tion, there is excellent sheep range in all of them, as well as iu Tennessee. If you say to Southern farmers, "You have fine range, why don t you raise sheep?" they reply, "Too many sheep-killing dogs, and we can't get a dog-law." Strange as it may seem, a dog- law is one of the hardest to have passed iu mau}' States. Legislators have even been known to urge that if they passed a dog-law it would ruin their party. Strange, isn't it? Still it is true. Now in Tennessee the Grang- ers have set an example that should be fol- lowed iu other States. Grange petitions were sent in to the Legislature asking for a dog- law — as much as to say tbe interests of agriculture demand such a law, and we want it regardless of party dift'erences and dangers. Their Legislators, like wise men, heeded the appeal, and, relieved of all anxiety about the dear party, jiassed the law, thus paving the w.ay for a great addition to the agricultunJ resources aud wealth of the State. This single instance contains, as it were, in a nutshell, the principle of Grange influence on legislation, state aud national — or a jiart of its political influence, if one chooses to call it so — for, beyond question, the Grange has a political influence for good, and a powerful one, although it does not propose to dabble in partisan politics nor interfere in the least with the party alKliation of its members. There are mauj' laws and measures which tend to protect and foster especially our agri- cultural interests. A part of our Grange work is to discuss and find out, iu the har- mony and secresy of the Grange-room, what are such laws aud measures. A\'hen, by com- mon consent, we find such laws and meas- ures clearly aud certainly, it is then the right aud purpose of all Grange members, by joint petitions aud all other legitimate means, to influence our Legislatures aud Congi'ess to pass enactmeuts necessary to secure these gen- eral and evident interests. This seems to be a poiut very much misunderstood in regard to our Grange work. By bearing these facts in mind many acts of the National Grange at its Charleston session can be better under- stood and properly appreciated by some of our members as well as outsiders. Little and often fills the purse. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT PHILADELPHIA, 1876. Circular of the Bureau of Agriculture. The Centennial Commission, realizing the importauce of the agricultural interests of the United States, and anticipating the demands that will be made for a proper representation in the International Exhibition of 1876, is making ample provision for the accommuda- tion of this department. It has been organized as one of the btureaus of administration of the Exhibition, and will comprehend the native and cultivated pro- ducts of the soil, and of objects more directly derived therefrom, agricultural machinery and farm appliances. The building, most eligibly located in Fair- mount Park, will cover ten acres. There will be provided, also, ample and suitable accom- modations for the solicitor and display of live stock, which it is intended shall Iw exhibited during the months of Sei)temberand October. The Exhibition will open on the 10th of May, 1876, and it is therefore necessary that those who desire to exhibit cereals, forage- plants and tubers should make their prepara- tions during the present season. This exhibitiou being international, wUl bring together for comparison the best pro- ducts from every quarter of the globe; hence every effort should be made to give just evi- dence of the capacity of the varied climates, soils, skill in tillage, and the character of the Uve stock of the United States; whilst the mechanical aids to agriculture should exhibit ingenuity, excellence of workmanship, and adaptation to desired ends. The classification will more fully make manifest the arrange- ment and comprehensiveness of this depart- ment. Applications for space should be made as early as practicable, on forms which will be furnished by the Chief of this bureau. The prompt co-operation of state, county and other agricultural organizations, as well as of all individuals interested in the practice of rural science, stock-breeding and forestry is earnestly solicited. COMMITTEE OP THE CENTENNIAL COMMISSION ON AGBICULTUKE. Robert Lowry, N. C. Meeker, Lawrence Weldon, Kobert Mallory, Eldridge W. Little, Archibald Cameron, Andrew J. Dufur. EESIDENT ADVISORY C0.1I.MITTEE. A. L. Kenuedv, M.D., Paschall Morris, Charles R. King, M.D., Wm. B. Roberts, John R. Eby, Lewis W^eldin, George Blight, William Brice, Thaddeus Nonis, George I. Young, Chas. L. Sharpless, John I. Bishop. Samuel C. WUletts, BcTtNET LaNDBETH, Chief of Bureau of Agriculture. A. T. GOSHORN, Director General. LIVE STOCK AT THE CENTENNIAL. It is understood that the Centenni.il Com- mission has concluded to have the hve stock display at the International Exhibition, within the months of September and October, 1S7G; the periods devoted to each class and family being fifteen days, aud the division as fol- lows: Horses, mules and asses (as one class), from September first to fifteenth. Horned cattle (of all varieties), from Sep- tember twentieth to October fifth. Sheep, swine and goats (as one class), from October tenth to twenty-fifth. Poultry will be exhibited as a permanent and also as a temporary show, the first com- mencing on the opening of the Exhibition, the latter from October twenty-fifth to Novem- ber tenth. k ~^>i^. 128 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Animals must be of pure blood to be quali- fied for admission (trotting stock, fat and draught cattle excepted), and even those of pure blood must be highly meritorious. The exhibition being open to the whole world, it is of the iirst importance that we bring forward the best of their kind only, as the character of our stock will be judged by the general average of those exhibited. Exhibitors will be expected to provido for feeding their stock. .„ , , . , •■ All forage and other food will be furnished at coat prices at depots conveniently located within the grounds. , . , Exhibitors will also be expected to furnish their own attendants, on whom all responsi- bility of the care of feeding, watering and cleaning the animals, and also of cleaning the stalls will rest. Though the Commission will erect ample accommodation for the exhibition and protec- tion of live stock, contributors who may de- sire to make special arrangements for the dis- play of their stock, will be afforded facilities, at their own cost. All animaJs will be under the supervision of a veterinary surgeon, who will examine them before admission to guard against infection, and who will also make a daily inspection and report. . In case of sickness, the animal will be re- moved to a suitable enclosure, specially i)re- pared for its comfort and medical treatment. Kings will be provided for the display and exercise of horses and cattle. It is highly important that all who design exhibiting should now make application, as the extent of preparation necessary can only be regulated by an estimate based upon actual demands. Inquiries may be addressed to the Chief of the Bureau of Agiiculture, Philadelphia. AGBICULTUKAL MACHINEEY. The Centennial Commission is making thorough provision for the reception and dis- play of agricultural machinery and imple- ments. A section of the agricultural hall, an impos- ing structure covering ten acres, vrill be set aside for the exhibition of farm appliances, and it is anticipated that this feature will be second to none in the agricultural department of the International Exhibition. It will be evident to the manufacturers of agricultural machinery that as this our na- tional exhibition, is also open to the competi- tion of the whole world, which has been invited to participate, our past progress and present position will be closely scrutinized, and we shall be judged by the general aver- age. Tlierefore, the admission of any object will be granted only when it possesses a char- acter of unquestionable worth, and in the ease of machinery, under the ruling of the Com- mission, the elements of merit are held to include considerations relating to "originality, invention, utility, quaUty, skill, workman- ship, fitness for puri)ose intended, adaptation to public wants, economy, and cost." Within the agricultural hall will be steam power, and all the necessary appliances for driving all such machinery as cotton gins, sugar jiresses, plantation mills, threshers, fanning mills, etc. It is contemplated to test in the field, plows for animal and steam power, reapers, mowers, tedders and hay rakes. Manufacturers, designing to compete in the field will be required to use the same ma- chines as they offer on exhibition. The reception of articles within the hall commences on January 5th, DSTil, and encls on April I'Jth, the exhibition opening on May loth, and continuing six months. luijuiries may be addressed to the Chief of Bureau of Agriculture, Philadelphia. rOMOLOGY. It is the purpose of the Centennial Com- mission of the International Exhibition, and an especial object of interest to the Bureau of Agriculture, which has been charged with the reception of fruits for exhibition, to afford every inducement and facility for a full and comjjlete display of the fruits of our varied climates, and also those of more northern and tropical regions. Ii being questionabla as to the practicability of exhibiting many perishable fruits, the pro- ducts of the tropics, models in was and plas- ter will be acceptable. Such a display of pomological products as herein designated will, it is expected, cover the entire period during which the Exhibition will be open,, though at all times varying in importance and extent. For instance, berries and other small fruits will be included in this department, and of these there will be certain classes, as strawberries from the South, ready for exhibition on the opening day; and the variety and quantity will be presented in an increasing scale as the season advances. It will be perceived readily that the most important display will be made during the months of September and October. The classification, and arrangement of lo- cation of fruits sent for exhibition, will be according to their species and variety; all of similar character being assembled together, that a more satisfactory conclusion may be reached as to the respective merits of like products from different soils and States; thus all grapes, from whatever source, will be placed in one position; the same with api^les, pears, and the entire list of cultivated and wild fruits, and nuts. Exhil>itors may be assured that the proper arrangements will be made for the united in- terests of themselves, and pomological science. It is hoped that the pomological societies of the several States, and individual cultivators generally, will co-operate in an effort to place before tie world creditable evidence of the re- sources and capacity of our country in respect to fruit culture and products. The Exhibition will open in Philadelphia on the 10th of May, 1S70, and close the 10th day of November following. FOEESTRY. The Bureau of Agi-iculture of the Centen- nial International Exhibition, to be opened in Philadelphia, May 10th, 1876, comprises within its department a display of all the products of the forest, both in primary and secondary form. It is earnestly requested by the Commis- sion that foresters of all sections of the Union forward samples of the trees of their respec- tive districts. These samples or specimens may be presented in any convenient and port- able form; as, for example, it is suggested that the bark of one or more of the giant trees of California (Washiugtonia gigantea) be taken off' the trunk in segments and sections, to be placed on arrival on a skeleton frame of the same dimensions as the original. The agri- cultural hall having an extreme elevation of seventy-five feet, will afford ample room for at least a partial exhibit of one of these mons- sters of primeval forests. Thus also with other trees of the Pacific coast, hardly secon- dary to it, as Abies Douglasii and nobilis, Librocedrus decurrens, Pinus Lambertiaua. The White Pine and Hemlock of the North. The Yellow I'ine in their several species, the Live Oak, the Cypress (Taxodium distichum) of the South, aiid a long list from every sec- tion of our broad territory. In addition to speciments of trunks of trees should be exhiliited timber and lum- ber in all forms; as samjiles of masts and spars, large and small; knees and sipiare tim- ber, as prepared for naval purposes; planks and boards exhibiting lUiusual breadth and character of cell and fibre. In brief, every description, quahty, and form of wood used in construction and decoration. Foreign specimens are confidently expected — let us not fail to place ours side hy side with them. It can hardly be necessary to add another word. The lumber interests of this country are too inportant not to be fully represented at the International Exhibition. Few of us, it may be assumed, comprehend and appreci- ate the lumber resources of the Union, and we can only do so by such an exhibit as is herein proposed, and by the study of statisti- cal tables expressive of value, now in course of preparation. Communications in connection with this and kindred subjects, may be addressed to the Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture. HOW SHALL WE CELEBRATE ? As the annual return of our national birth- day is so near at hand, perhaps it will be well to say a word in regard to the way in which it should be celebrated. There has been a tendency, for the last few years, to ridicule and burlesque the day, more than to celebrate and honor the act or our patriotic and noble forefathers who risked their lives and fortunes in giving us the Declaration of Independence that spoke our nation into existence. This is not as it should be. Then let us see to it that the coining Fourth of July shall be cele- brated in a manner that will not only show our gratitude and thanks to our worthy sires, but that will have a tendency to elevate and refine the rising generation. Is there a man, woman or child, with one drop of true, pat- riotic blood in their veins, that did not feel insulted and disgraced by the caricatures of Miss Sallie Hart and other temperance work- ers which were paraded through the streets of San Jose on last Fourth of July ? just be- cause she had been brave and true enough to try to stay the tide of intemperance that is not only blighting the prospects of oiu- lovely city, but has proved the greatest curse the world has ever known, even as our forefathers worked against oppression. Parents, "be not deceived ; whatsoever ye sow, that shall ye also reap." If we do not proride public entertainment that will elevate and refine the young, that will lead them to a higher phase of civilization, we must not complain if they find and .are demoralized by entertainments of the descending phase of civilization ; and if we permit decency to be insulted and pat- riotism to be dishonored upon our streets on our natal day, what must be the result ? Why Eaes Should Not Be Boxed. — In Phynmloiji/ for F radical Use (D. Appleton & Co.) we find the following: There are several things very commonly done which are extremely injurious to the ear, and ought to be carefully avoided. * " And first, children's ears ought never to be boxed. Wo have seen that the passage of the car is closed by a thin membrane, especially that adapted to be influenced by every impulse of the air, and with notliing but the air to support it internally. What, then, can bo more likely to injure this membrane than a sudden and forcible compression of the air in front of it? If any one designed to break or overstretch the membrane he could scarcely devise a more elliciont means than to bring the hand suddenly and forcibly down upon the passage of the ear, thus driving the air violently before it, with no possibility for its escape but by the membrane giving way. Many children are made deaf by boxes on the ear in this way. California Agriculturist akd Live Stock Journal SOMETHING ABOUT THE BEET- SUGAR INTEREST. The beets look well and promise a good crop at Soquel, Santa Cruz county. At Sac- ramento and at Davisvillo the prospects are equally good. There are but two sugar mills in the State. We have now had four years' experience in this interesting branch of in- dustry, and it is well proved that wo can make sugar from beets in California at 7 cents a pound, including every expense. A reduction to G% cents is expected, by letting farmers raise the beets. They can make acceptable profit, dehvering beets at $5 a ton, on long contracts. In Europe, sugar-making from beets is a favorite industry, because of its certain pro- fits. We have great advantages over Europe. Our longer season ripens the beet better and increases its weight. Our milder Winters save two-thirds of the expense of storage, and all other items are in our favor. The free raw sugars of the Sandwich Islands do not affect us materially. With this favorable showing we regret to find a disinclination to go into the business. A gentleman who owns a large farm, and has suitable buildings and water, all accessible to our bay craft, has presented to men of capital an offer so inducing as to tempt any one, if there were not a general apathy toward all industries. Ho offers to build works equal to Sacra- mento for $75,000. Then a working capital of $25,000 would make the investment $100,- 000. He does not propose buying land, nor farm- ing beets. Rich farmers \vill take long con- tracts to furnish beets to the mill for SI 50 per ton. He offers to take, and pay for in coin, ten per cent, of the stock; and further, he will guarantee 25 per cent, profit on the invest- ment in the first year, if he bo allowed to di- rect the management for the year. For this guarantee he will accept the surplus over 25 per cent. He will put up security for this. Every man is interested in encouraging manufacturing here. Nothing seems to in- sure a higher profit, and with every security against risk. We, therefore, earnestly entreat for this projjosition the serious consideration to which it seems entitled. The foregoing is from the Alia. When we take into account the value of the PULP FOB STOCK, as well as the juice for sugar, the above cal- culation will not seem wrong. We excerjit the f ollo-ning in this regard : After the juice is expressed from the rasped beet, the dry pulj) remaining is an admirable food for cattle, sheep, swine, or fowls, of which vast numbers are fed in the sugar-pro- ducing districts of Europe. The average amount of pulp is 20 per cent, of the original weight of beets, and it is almost a universal custom for farmers to contract with manufac- turers to receive back in pulp 20 per cent, of the weight of beets furnished. For this the farmer p.ays two to two and a half dollars per ton. If the manufacturer has any pulp re- miuuiug after his contracts with the farmers are filled, he sells it to others at two dollars and seventy-five cents to three dollars per ton. Repeated experiments have proved that for feeding stock, three tons of pulp are fully equal to one ton of the best hay. Cattle are fond of it, and by its use are fattened for the mai-ket in one hundred days. The method of feeiling stock upon it em- ployed at ilasny, by the Messrs. Fievet, the model farmers of France, was the following: Each ox was allowed daily 80 l)5s of pulp, 5 lbs of chopped straw, 5 Ihs oil cake. Each cow had daily 70 lbs of pulp, 5 lbs of chopped straw, 5 lbs oil cake. Each sheep was given daily (! lbs of pulji, Y^ lb of chopped straw, J;^ lb of oil cake, and 1 lb of chaff'. They fattened in this manner 800 head of cattle and 4,000 sheep every year. The Messrs. Fievet recommended the use of chopped cornstalks and a small quantity of Indian meal for the Western United States. Chaptal says of the pulp: "This food is almost dry; it has not the advantages of roots or grasses, nor of dry forage. It does not ferment, and is not laxative, like the former, nor does it heat and produce constipation like the latter. It contains almost aU the nutri- tive principles of the beet." In fact, water is the chief article taken from the beet by rasping and pressing, and there still remains from four and a half to six and a half per cent, of sugar in the the residuum, besides other nutritious matter. Dombaslo recommends it, especially for sheep, and also for milch cows, stating that the quantity as well as the quality ofthe milk and the color of the butter are much improved by its use. M. Call, the wealthy and enterprising own- er of "La Briche" — a splendid farm in the department of ludre et Loire — mixes his pulp with chopped straw, in the proportion of five- sixths of the former to one-sixth of the latter. To the oxen, for fattening, he gives 150 lbs of this mixture in the Winter months; to milch cows, 110 lbs; and to working-cattle from 100 to 150 lbs daily. A liberal daily allowance for an ox is 75 lbs, for a cow 60 IIjs, and for a sheep C lbs, with chopped straw, and a little oil-cake, or meal. Consequently, if a farmer raises 100 tons of beets, and takes back from the manufacturer 20 tons of pulp, he has the means of feedmg, during the five months from the first of No- vember to the first of April, 4 oxen, or 5 cows, or 60 sheep. The manufactory that consumes 24,000 tons of beets provides 4,800 tons of pulp, with which may be fed, for the five most costly months of the year, when there is no pasturage, 960 oxen, or 1,200 cows, or 12,- 000 sheep. ErrECT OP SITBSIDIZING THE BEET SUGAB IN- TEREST IN FRANCE. In the days when England took a much more active interest than she docs now in the "balance of power" in Europe, France began to cultivate beet root, and make therefrom her own sugar. By prohibitory taxes on foreign suorars, an abnormal growth was given to the manufacture of beet root sugar, and in time the supply was in excess of the demand, so_ that the branch of industry became less and less profitable. To obviate this, France of- fered an export bounty on sugar, so that on every $100 worth exported the French merch- ant got possibly $10 allowed him by the Gov- ernment, and he could therefore afl'ord to sell his goods for $90. The result has been that the French sugar makers have been under- selling the English in the markets of Eng- land, and the English sugar-makers have now apiilied to their Government to equaUze mat- ters by imposing a tax on French sugars equal to the export premium allowed by the French Government. The Trespass Law. — We have reliable in- formation that the cattle men in this Sena- torial District are actively engaged in laying their plans to elect RepresentJitives this fall of fence proclivities. It is very evident the contest on this subject is not yet ended. They will leave no means unturned, if not to repeal the law altogether, to so modify it as to bo of little practical benefit. The good that has resulted from the Trespass Act of the last Legislature, defective as it m.ay be in some respects, has exceeded the expectations of the most sanguine of its friends. It has been the salvation of this valley. All the great and almost magical changes of the past year are due to it, and those that will take place next j-ear, if this law is not tampered with, will be still greater. Let everybody, then, interested in the maintenance of the Trespass Law (and this class comprise more than nine-teuths of our people) be careful who they support for Representative. The agents of evil are always active. Eternal vigilance is the price of safety. — Kern Courier. (SJiluciitional Parts of Speech. r'UREE little words you ofttn see Are articleB — a, an and thk: A noun'B the name of nnjthing, Ab lichool. garden, book, or swing; Adjectives tell the kind of noun, As lireat, snmll. pretty, white, or brown; Instead of noviiis the pronouns stand. Her head, his face, your arm. my hand; Verbs tell of soiiiethinK to be done, To read, count, swliiK, jump, or run; How things are done the adverbs tell, As slowly, .lUlckly. Ill, or well; Conjunctions join the words together. As men and women, wind or weather; The preposition stands before A noun, as in, or throviMh. a door; The interjection shows surprise. As Oh! how pretty— Obi how wise; The whole are called nine parts of speech. Which rcadins;, writing, speaking teach. Pupil Farmers. The American ArjricuUurist has some sensi- ble remarks under this head. Are there not some farmers, nurserymen and fruit growers in California who would like boys and young men as apprentices? We know there are a number of likely young fellows who would gladly take situations where the could work and have educational advantages, physical and mental. We would freely and without price publish the names of those who want boys, and of boys who want situations. Wo would gladly make the Cai.ifobnia Aoeicul- TDRisT a medium for such intelligence. Send in the names and qualifications. The Ameri- can Agriculturist says; The old system of apprenticeship had its merits. Although shorn of its ancient usages and bonds it exists to a great and useful ex- tent to-day. That it is gradually coming into use upon the farm is a proof that farming is' attaining the rank of an estabUshed business in the full significance of the term. Anciently the weaver or "webster," the butcher, the skinner or " fletcher," the smith, the tailor or "taylor," and other tradesmen taught their sons their trades as they gave them their names, and the trade became the property of the family as much as the name. No stranger intermeddled with their trades. Such com- petition was rarely permitted. But society has outgrown this state of things, and the son, not bound by the ancient tjTanuy of a parental despotism, leaves the farm for other employments. As he :ey Druiii Our Uiglier l.aikd.«i7 Eds. Agkiculuueist and Live Stock Jour- nal: That artesian wells are of great local benefit cannot be doubted; but whether they are not injurious to at least those parts of laud in the vicinity which cannot be irrigated by them, is, and must be, a question of suf- ficient importance to be worthy the serious consideration of the agiiculturist. To assist in this inquiry, it will be neces- sary to compare the luxture and productions of those parts of Santa Clara valley called high and dry lands before artesian wells came into existence with what they are now. It is well remembered by many of us when those lands produced all kinds of vegetables, par- ticularly potatoes and onions of the largest size; beans, corn and melons planted in June or July produced excellent crops. Some say that the change came through exhaustion of the soil, but the farmer knows that new and rich spots are equally unproductive of any- thing but grain. We also remember when the and along the Alameda was so swampy even The Hen and the Honey-Bee. BX JOHN G. BATE. I LAZY Hen— the story goes— iy LoquaciouB, pert and self-conceited, V Espied a Bee upon a rose, ^Sf And thus the busy insect greeted : ^&' " Hay, what's the use of such as you, (Excuse the freedom of a neighbor I) Who gad about and never do A single act of useful labor? "I've marked you well fur many a day. In garden blooms and meadow-clover — Now here, now there, in wanton play — From morn to night an idle rover. " While I discreetly bitle at home, A faithful wife, the best of mothers, About the fields you idly roam, Without the least regard for others. " While I lay egtrs and hatch them out. You seek the flowers most sweet and fragrant. And sipping honey, stroll about. At best a good-for-nothing vagrant !" " Nay," said the Bee, '* yon do me wrong ; I'm useful, too ; perhaps you doubt it. Because— though toiling all day long — I scorn to make a fuss about it. " While you, with every egg that cheer:. Ytiur daily task, must stop and hammer The news in other people's ears. Till they uro deafened with the clamor. " Come now with me and see my hive. And note how folks may work in quiet ; To useful arts much more alive Thau you with all your cackling riot." l'envoi. The Poet, one may plainly sec Who reads tliis fable at his Icislxre, Is represented by the Bee, Wlui joins utility to pleasure ; Willie 111 this self-conceited Hen Wr note the Poet's silly neighbor. Who thinks the noisy '* working-meu " Are doing all Ihe useful labor. practical business men, not only in our own country but in foreign countries, who devote themse'lves entirely to the work, and are mak- ing it not only a practical but a scientific oc- cupation. And not only men but women are taking much interest in these scientific and practical researches. There are many women who, \rithin the last few years, have not only added to their store of pin-money, but have gained much useful knowledge, beside enjoy- ing a pleasant out-door exercise, by raising and tending bees. But in order to become a successful apiarian it is of the greatest impor- tance to be a lover of bees, for no business pays that a person has not interest enough in and a love for, to attend to it properly. No doubt many fail in their attempts to raise bees from the fact that they are not properly located ; for bees, in order to do well and store large supplies of honey, must have a- good supplv of honey-producing trees and plants within short range. I used to be a little skeptical when I read Mr. Hosmer s ac- counts of his enormous yields of honey, but when I \'isited his apiary last season I no longer had a doubt as to the correctness of his reports, for he really has a very desirable location for his apiary. It is often said that the reason that women do not succeed better in what they undertake, is because they lack energy and perseverance. Perhaps it may be so in some instances, but there are women endowed with noble gifts and possessing the requisite amount of business tact to succeed in any legitimate business when once they have taken hold of it. And bee-keeping seems especially adapted to women, because it requires patience and constant attention rather than strength ; then again, bees are great lovers of cleanliness .and punty, and there seems to be a hidden quality in some men which renders them disagreeable to bees, and tobacco users and whisky drinkers are said to be very offensive to them, and they are very apt to punish them if they come near. The superioritv of the Italian over the common bee of this country is now pretty generally admitted by all who have tried them. This is especially said to be true of California, where it is said that they yield three or four times more honey than the com- mon bee. . There are women gardeners and florists, who have risen to prosperity by commendable industry and good business qualities, so we hope to see mauv more giving their attention to bee-keeping. Many with Umited means can get a few stands of bees and in years m.ike quite a profit with a very outlav. besides always having a supply of pure white honey for the table. We should say to every woman who enjoys out-door exercise, go to bee-keeping.— Aa(e in Bee-Keeper s Mmj- few small Bee-Keeping for Women. The rearing of the lioney-beo, the making of honey luid IxH'Swax, is now becoming one of the established occupations of many Bees in the United States.— There are two million beo-hives in the United States. Every hive yields, on an average, a little over twenty-two pounds of honey. The average price at which honey is sold is twenty-five cents a pound ; so that, after paying their own board the bees present us with a revenue of $8,800,000. To reckon in another way, they make a clear gift of over a pound of pure honcY to every man, woman and child in the vast domain of the United States. Over twenty-threo and one-third million pounds of wax are made and given to us by these industrious workers. The keeping of bees is one of the most profitable investments that our people can m:vke of their money. The profits arising on the s;ile of surplus honey average fr(un fifty to two hundred per cent, on the capital invested. A little more than six months ago John Killop, of Butte county, says the OroviUo Mercurt/ bought one thousand head of shee] . A few days ago he sold, as the Spring clip, of wool $1,"'280 worth. He has a few more than one thousand lambs, that will give him a fleece from e.ich this Fiill. His one thousand sheep have nearly p:iid for themselves already. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. She Ijov^c* Russian Horses. r'HE Rassiau horso is an animal of ro- markable qualities, which are set forth in a manner to make us wish for his better acquaintance. Fast driving holds a pre-eminent place among the sports of the Russian gentleman, l^o expense or trou- ble is deemed too great to gratifj' his fancy in that respect. A good pau' of fast trotters of a favorite breed sometimes bring as much as £1,000, a price which is looked upon as stu- pendous by the author, who has evidently never heard of the costly stud of our turf- compelling townsman, Mr. R. Bonner. These horses are fine-looking animals, but are only fit for town use. They are always driven without blinders, for it is the faith of every Russian coachman that if you give a horse a chance to look around and examine every ob- ject before him he will not shy. The post horses are unmatched in the world for swift- ness and endurance. Another kind of a horse, and devoted to a j^eculiar service, is thus described: "The Tcherkess of the Great and Little Kabardah breed, is a splendid race of horses. Brought up in the wild steppe, amid dangers and nightly alarms, its apprehensive sagacity becomes early developed in a high degree. It is a fine animal, with a strong Bpine, powerful croop and thigh, and great width of shoulder and chest; the knee-caps are broad, the hoof as if formed of iron, head and neck tolerably light; everything seems combined to render them trusty, indefatigable servants to man. The Tchetchents. the most ferocious and determined brigands of the Cau- casus (now fortunately only in small num- bers) used to buy their horses in the Kabar- dah. They pick out the most promising one-year-olds, take them home, where they are, so to say, received into the bosom of the family. They receive their food when the latter sits down to a meal, and they often sit in the same room. The young children will play with them, talk to them, and crawl all over and about them. What wonder if the horse become almost as wise as his master? The young boys will sometimes mount him and gallop over the prairies, but no adult thinks of bestriding him before he has fin- ished his sixth year. His bones have then become firm and fuUj' developed, his sinews and feet are steel, his wind is invincible. He knows his master's voice and look — nay, he has some notion of his character. His nerves have from his birth been finely timed to the sound of dangers or mysterious enterprise. It knows when its brigand ma.ster is on an ex- pedition of risk and unlawful daring. A whispered word sends him down into the high steppe weeds or bushes, situated near road, at a place where the latter is diBicult, where a convenient ditch is at hand to receive a carriage and its human freight. In breath- less silence, both wait for what may turn up. The ears of the Tchetchentsian Black Bess slily move to every waft of the light wind, and, before the man can hear the slightest sound, he sees by the demeanor of his steed that business will soon be at hand. Hark! a faint sound of the postal bell (fastened to the pole of the vehicle) strikes his ear; he feels of his gun, his pistol, his razor-edged sword, the large dagger (kinchal), and breathlessly awaits the approach of the travelers. Not a single thought bestowing on the probable number or quality of the foe, he stands over his horse which slowly gathirs his feet beneath him. At last the moment for action has arrived. The carriage is just at the right distance from the ditch or other accidental difficulty of the ri)ad — a soft touch, and man and horse are up. With the bound of a tiger the horso pounces upon the leaders, attacking them with hoof and tooth. Simultaneously the rider has fired at the driver; mad with terror the post- horses have jumped oft" the road, precipitating the carriage into the hole, and before its in- mates have time to fei-1 for their revolvers they are eased of at least part of their prop- erty, and may thank God if they have not broke neck and limb in their fall. Before they recover from their fright, the Tchetchent is already several miles on his gallop home. He has a hard ride before him, and he, as well as his cunning quadruped, knows it full well; for tomorrow there will be an inquiry about where Muhammed, or Arsslan Bey, or Moussa were that night. With a calm smile, our brigand friend replies to the Russian Grado- Natchalnik's question: 'Where should I be but here? The robbery was committed near the Akhonkskoy Stanitzi, 120 versts (80 miles) from here, and what? at 8 o'clock you say? — why, I was here at 12, as I can prove, and I could not ride that distance in three hours.' The officer, up to Tchetchent's tricks, and anything but satisfied, turns to the steed to discover from his appearance the effects of so severe a ride; but the nag is quietly eating his corn, and looking as contented and play- ful as if he knew that his master's safety de- pended on his brave bearing."— From i&fieio ofV. W. WalU's "The Land of the Czar." How TO Know the Age of a Horse. — The colt is born with twelve grinders. When four front teeth have made their appearance, the colt is twelve days old; and when the next four come forth it is four weeks old. When the corner teeth appear, the colt is eight months old; and when the latter have attained the hight of the front teeth, it is one year old. The two years colt has the kernal — the dark substance in the middle of the tooth's crown — ground out of all the front teeth. In the third year the middle front teeth are being shifted, and when three years old these are substituted for the horse teeth. The next foiu- teeth are shifted in the fourth year, and the corner teeth in the fifth. At six j'ears the kernal is worn ont of the middle front teeth, and the bridle teeth have now attained to their full growth. At seven years a hook has been formed on the corner teeth of the upper jaw; the kernal of the teeth next to the middle fronts is worn out, and the bridle teeth begin to wear ofif. At eight years of age the kernal is worn out of all the lower front teeth, and begins to de- crease in the middle upper fronts. In the ninth year the kernal has whollj- dis- appeared from the upper middle front teeth, the hook on the corner teeth has increased in size, as the bridle teeth loose their points. In the tenth year the kernal has worn out of the teeth next to the middle fronts of the upper jaw; and in the eleventh year the kernal has entirely vanished from the corner teeth of the same jaw. At twelve years old, the crowns of all the front teeth in the lower jaw have become tri- angular, and the bridle teeth are much worn down. As the horse advances in age, the gums shrink away from the teeth, which con- sequently receive a long, narrow appearance, and their kernals have metamorphosed into a darkish point, grey hairs increase in the fore- head, over the chin assumes the shape of an eagle. — liural Sun. Weanino Colts. — Since repljing to the question of a correspondent in regard to the feeding of a colt about to be weaned at three months old, in which we stated that in our opinion that was too young, we have met sev- eral large and s\iccossful breeders of horses and inquired of them as to their practice in this respect. The youngest age set for wean- ing was four months. One of them was clear- ly of opinion that, on the whole, F.all colts were the best, because they could run with the mare all Winter without the risk of get- ting stunted in their growth, as they would have the advantage of fresh grass in about the time of weaning in the Spring, so that they would keep growing right along, while if they are foaled in the Spring it is quite diffi- cult to get them through the first Winter with- out getting some check to their growth, get- ting them pot-bellied or otherwise out of shape. If weaned in the Fall, at say four or five months, they feed some oats, from one to two quarts a day and a bran mash frequently or some similar succulent food made up of shorts and cut hay. All concur in sa}"ing that it is very important to guard against any check in the first year's growth. They want to give plenty of exercise and plenty of nutritive, muscle forming food, like oats, shorts, bran, etc., and all concur in opinion that three months is too young to wean at this season of the year. This is a Jiretty important point and we should like to see it discussed. — Mass. Plowman. ^lavticultmt. The Strawberry Region of the Pacific Coast. ^. 'Ip'f AN JOSE enjoys the right climatic con- I^Sj. ditions and irrigating facilities for the ^ • production of small fruits in great abun- .0 dance and perfection. In many locahties in our county the soil is excellently adapted to their growth also. Every year is develop- ing, proving and systematizing the business. The locality, in its relation to San Francisco, is just right for economically transporting across the bay perishable fruits and tender vegetables in fresh condition. The time must soon come when aU lands suitable for the purpose will be devoted to the culture of strawberries, asparagus, currants, gooseber- ries, raspberries, blackberries, pic-plant, cherries, tomatoes, etc., for San Francisco and other dependent markets. We extract from the liural Press portions of a late correspondence upon strawberry culture in our valley, which we find especially interesting : Ten or twelve j'ears ago the strawberries for the San Francisco market were raised in Alameda county, then some years later they were produced on the little fruit ranches in " the Willows," a body of rich garden land near San Jose on the south ; but the straw- berry plant requires an abundance of water as well as rich soil, and this had to be pumped from wells by wind-mills or by horso and steam power. This added much to the cost of raising them ; besides the wind was not always reliable and machiuerj" was liable to break and get out of fix, so from these vexa- tious causes the supply of water was often insufficient and uncertain when most needed. In the meantime, while the Willow folks were trying to supply the market with strawberries under these difficulties, they were gradually introduced into the country north of Sau Jose, which I shall designate as the artesian well region, which extends from the southern limits of the city (which is just within the bounds of this region) northward to the bay, a distance of twelve miles, and from the Mil- pitas road east of Coyote creek, to near Law- rence station on the west, a distance of six or seven miles. Here, it seems, the strawberry plant has found all the conditions of climate and soil best adapted to its most successful cultivation — a rich, deep soil with an abundance of water from ever-flowing wells, and the cool, moist air from the bay, necessary to keep the pl.ints vigorous and fresh during all the fruit- ing season, which extends from early spring to the middle of svimmer, or nntil other fruits become so abundant and cheap ih the market that it will not pay to pick them. In this favored region there are already more artesian wells than can be found in a region of like extent in the world, and more California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. are beiug made every year as the country im- proves. All the strawberries are raised by Chinamen on shares ; that is, they plant, cultivate, irri- gate, pick the berries and pack them in the chests ready for the market, for one-halt the proceeds after deducting the cost of chests, boxes, freights and commission for selliug. The landholder furnishes the land, tools to cultivate, water to irrieate and cheap little houses for the Chinamen to live in, as his part of the contract. These contracts are made to extend for a number of years, the Chinamen taking care of the strawberry plantation the year round. Before planting the ground is well pi-epared and nicely graded, so that the water will pass evenly down the rows betwene the plants, which are set in rows tweuty-four inches and eighteen inches ajjart alternately, and the plants one foot apart in the rows. A little ditch is made in the narrow space between the plants to irri- gate them. The wider space is used as a walk while picking the fruit or cultivating the ground. In former years, when the railroad company had a monopoly of the carrying trade be- tween this valley and San Francisco, the fruit men claimed that they had good cause for complaint on account of high charges and poor accommodations, which led to arrange- ments that resulted in bringing the steamer "Relief" to their relief, which now makes regular trips between Alviso and the city. Alviso, being located at the junction of the Alviso slough with the Guadalupe river, about three mUes from the bay of San Fran- cisco, is a convenient and central point to re- ceive the strawberries and asparagus fresh from the field in the evening, to be delivered at daylight the next morning in the San Fran- cisco market. The steamer leaves Alviso every evening at eight o'clock, Saturdaj's ex- cepted, and returning leaves the city at nine o'clock every morning, Sundays excepted. The charge for strawberries per chest is 42 J^ cents for freight and wharfage, the chest re- turned free. The boat is also fitted up in good stj'le to carry and accommodate passen- gers, who can hardly fail, under the care and attention of such gentlemen as. the captain of the Relief and his officers, to enjoy a rirte on the bay of San Francisco. The fare to the city from Alviso is only 75 cents, and from San Jose and Santa Clara $1.00. I mention these facts particularly, as the running of this boat is closely connected with the interests of the fruit men of this vallej'. I interviewed or had reports from fifty "patches," amounting in the aggregate to 1,110 acres, and estimating those I was una- ble to see at 170 acres, which I think is rather below than above the correct number, gives us 1,280 acres within this artesian well region; just two sections, and if all were planted to- gether would make a solid strawberry patch two miles in length by one in width. If it would be of interest to the readers of the Press, I could give a list of the names with the number of acres each had, but pre- sume it would not be worth the space occu- pied. Suffice to say, Mr. C. E. Wade has the champion patch for size, 80 acres. James Murphy, 60 acres ; William Boots and Judge Thomas, .50 each ; Robert Syer, 45 ; J. John- son 40 ; then eight patches have from .30 to 40 acres each ; eleven have from 20 to 30 acres ; 17 have from 10 to 20 acres each, and only seven have less than ten acres each. I took note of IGS! acres in asparagUB, also among the strawberry men. In this deep, rich soil, with plenty of water, it does Rjilen- didly ; and when San Francisco gets to be a city of a million of people, this little region I have been talking about can easily supi)ly them with all the asparagus, strawberries and cream, and other such nick-nacks that they may want. It was very pleasant driving over smooth, well-kept roads, among these bi-autiful Cali- fornia homes ; all their gates standing wide open, as if they were not afraid to have you drive in (I do hate getting down to open gates). Some of the farmers here are on new improvements, but many of them have been here long enough to have nice, tasty houses, surrounded with such a wealth of beautiful trees, shrubs and tlowers, of fount- ains of water and nice, smooth drives and walks, as can only be found among the most wealthy and aristocratic people in other coun- tries. |)0uochold |lcirdiug» King and Queen. ri'HE happiest home I ever snw ''^ Was where a womap reigned; And yet the man himself was king, Pray how was this attained? The wife, who seemed submission's Belf, And did her wifely part, Queened it in an iniperiuus way Over her husband's heart. Her chosen throne was in his home, Her sceptre his dear will. Her spotless robe and crown his love— We see the picture still. Tet like a iiug that held full sway, He guarded well his own. And loved his palace home, made bright By love, and love alone. The children, by their mother led. Her bright example saw: Obedience seemed an easy thing, And ■•father's word" was law. O, what a pleasant thing to see. Of all things to be seen, A home where reigns with equal power A household king and queen! A Question of Reform. BY NELL TAN. Now while the public attention is being so occupied with questions of reform for our youth of both sexes, is it not worth while for every parent to enquire, what is each one of us doing for our own boys and girls, to ren- der them free and independent beings ? Are we teaching them, first of all, to understand the laws of life and how to live healthfully ? and along with our boasted civilization and free educational system, to which is being en- forced the compulsory education law, are we giving these young people chances to learn any trade or employment by which they can earn anything towards their own support ? It may be there is freedom in the air we breathe which causes the docile partner of man to desire to compete with him in various industries, and no longer sit contentedly, with folded hands, waiting to be sought out for a life companion to man. Her desire is to learn some pursuit Ijy which she, too, may earn the clothes she wears, when the brother who is reared beside her is taught to rely upon his own exertions for a livelihood iipon arriving at maturity. Extend a helping hand to each one of these sisters yearning for an honest calling, and enlarge their sphere of usefulness by providing schools of training, where young women may olitain practical knowledge of a kind not found in the ordi- nary text-books of schools. We want fewer teachers and more thorough-going business men and women to prevail against the "hood- lum element, ' ' now becoming so formidable in our very midst. Even daughters of the wealthy are heard to say they wish, from their hearts, circumstances would admit of their stepping into some congenial pursuit, so that they need not go to " father " for every cent they would spend. Parents who have the interest or their chil- dren at heart sliould strive for a now order of things, whereliy this system of comimlsory education shall not be an actual loss, in any way, to the poor(T classes. If, along with book-learning, thi' young waifs were acquir- ing the knowledge of the skillful use of tools in the workshop, two ends might be served at one and the same time. Muscle exercise would balance the brain power, one being a rest for the other, while upon leaving school the choice of a pursuit or trade would be so arranged that the young person could at once become a producer instead of only a con- sumer— a worker rather than a drone. A Chat and a Lunch. BY ELISA E. ANTHONY. Editor Ageiccxtukist : — I have not kept my promise of sending you an article every month ; but a multiplicity of duties and then a flying visit to San Francisco must be my excuse, and I will endeavor to be more regular in my visits to you in the future. I am not in the mood for sermonizing, nei- ther for anything funny to-day, so will just sit down for a few minutes chat with your readers and contributors. Do you know, friends, that more of you should contribute to our department of the pajjer ? Now, don't say that you cannot; that you are not used to writing for a paper, and that you have nothing to write about. Every one has to have a beginning, and why not you as well as some one else ? Just imagine that you are talking to your friends. Tell them your opinions, your surroundings, facts and fancies. Why, you will have more ideas pouring into your mind than you can write about at once, and you will have to write the second time, and so on — every time it becomes easier. Write easily and naturally, use short, sim- ple words, and if you wish to write "The house that Jack built," don't say instead, " The domicile reared by daxlal Juan." We all have different ideas and thoughts, and it would be a good plan to exchange the same, would it not ? Our sex appear to take but little interest in our department, and it cannot be that they do not read it. Leave off some of the ruffles on your new suit, Emma, and write a short and pithy article to our pa- per ; and you, Sarah, who have had such a wide experience, contribute something to the domestic department ; and I hope the hun- dreds of intelUgcnt women, into whose homes this paper makes monthly visits, freighted with glad tidings, will consider themselves addressed as well as the ones named. Jewell, Nell Van, I have not seen your cheery articles lately ; what is the matter ? I hope you have not forsaken us. What would we do without those "Chats" and "Let ters ?" My time is up and I will conclude ■with the following recipes, hoping for some in return : VELVET CAKE. Whites of five eggs, two cups sugar, two and one-fourth cups flour, one cup of milk, three-fourths cup of butter, three-fourths cup of corn-starch, essence lemon, two and one-half tea-spoons yeast-powder. PUFF CAKE. Two cups of flour, two cups of sugar, one cup of sweet milk, two ^ggs, two table-spoons yeast powder. Add the milk last. INDIANA PUDDING. Two-thirds of a cup scalded corn-meal, one cup of molasses, one-half cup of sugar, two table-spoons of lard, cinnamon, milk, salt. Bake an hour and a half. TO COOK DllIKU COD-FISH. Soak as large a piece as needed over bight. In the morning wash it and dry with a cloth, put lard in the frying-pan, roll the fish in flour and fry till brown on both sides. Another way is to soak a jiiece, boil a few minutes until tender, thou butter and put cream on it. PINK COLORED ICINQ Is made by adding a few drops of prepared cochineal to the icing — more or less, accord- ing to the shade recjuired. I Our lloniestic department is made up this mouth, but we will allow these recipes under the Household this time, and glad to get them.] California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Treatment of Carget. 7ri"f| ARGET is a hardciiiuf; of the substance J''!w °' ''^^ udder, arising from inflammation Xjl eonsequent upon obstruction in its tubes (\£l or tissues; inflammatiou may precede yC "I'l I'e the cause of the olistrnction and the the hardening, or they may come from external injury. The udder is divided into four distinct parts, connected only bj' mem- branous filaments, so that an affection of one part does not necessarily involve the rest. Inflammation is a frecpient cause of garget in heifers. Previous to birth, and preparatory to the active secretion of milk, there is, as every dairyman knows, a determination of blood to the udder, swelling its blood vessels and tissues, and rapidly enlarging the whole mass. In this engorgement of blood, if there is anything in the way of free circulation, stoppages are easily made. To guard against any unnatural interruption in the circulation at such a time, it is important that the blood should be thin and in its natural condition, and that the udder should be free from exter- nal pressure or violence. In heifers this en- largement is not as easily effected as in older cows, and obstructions are more likely to happen at the first birth than afterward. To keep down the tendency to inflammatio'n and hardening of the udder, heating food like cornmeal should be avoided. Or fed sp.aringly, if at all, to heifers. Nor is it advisable food for old cows at this time. A little oil meal, rye bran or rye meal, may with advantage form part of the food before coming in. They act upon the glandular system, and by their relaxing tendency help to make the circula- tion free and easy. The refuse of the flouring mill and green food of anj- kind are excellent for all milk stock at this period. In cows that have been milked garget fre- quently arises from leaving curdled milk in the bags when drying them oft' in the Fall or Winter. I have observed more cases of gar- get and loss of teats from carelessness and ne- glect in drying oflf cows than from all other causes combined. If the milk should chance to become thick, it must be milked out. If it will not come away readily bj' milking in the usual way, the bag should "be rubbed down and manipulated till it is all worked out. Bruising the bags when cows are giving milk is another cause of garget. Inflamma- tory action, whether local or general, causes milk to curdle. Where a cow's bag is heated so that the bruised part becomes inflamed, the milk which Ues in contact with the inflamed part, soon coagulates and stops the passage, which is the more easily done by reason of the swelling of the inflamed part. In cases which are not very severe, washing the bag two or three times a day with water will be sufficient. Many recommend cold water, but warm is better. Cold water will produce, by reaction, a rush of blood to the parts chilled, and counteract, inpart, its ef- ficiency. Warm water will at any time reduce inflammation, by an external application, more rapidly than cold. If the bag is milked out clean, this treatment will generally be Bufljcient. In severer cases, internal remedies maj' ac- company the bathing. Poke root, grated and given in a mess of feed, is a common prescrip- tion, and, though I can see no reason for its producing any specific effect, it does often act like a charm; and what seems equally strange, cows troubled with garget often show an ap- petite for it, though they would reject it at other times. Dose, bulk of half a hen's egg. Half an ounce of saltpetre morning and eve- ning, dissolved in the water she drinks, will often render essential aid. When the case is so severe as to need internal remedies, the bag, besides being washed morning and even- ing with warm water, may be bathed in the middle of the day with liquor of ammonia diluted with some light oil like oil of turpen- tine, and well rubbed in. This will help to dissolve and scatter the obstructing matter. In such a case the patient should be kept in a comfortable stable and highly fed with laxa- tive food. — Cor. Line Stock Journal. A New Departure in Cheese Making. — Oleo-margarine has been put to a new use the past Summer. A company has been formed and has been engaged since last Spiing at McLean, Tonijikins county. New York, in manufacturing cheese from milk skimmed at twenty-four and thirty-six hours. The editor of the Utica Herald has visited the establish- ment and gives, in that paper, an account of the process of manufacture. The milk after being skimmed, is placed in large vats where it is heated to the projjcr temperature for re- ceiving the rennet. The oleo-margarine is received from the Brooklyn factory and is as pure and clear as can be made from clean tal- low. It looks, when melted, like a rich gold- en oil and is added to the milk with enough rennet to coagulate the mass in abimt eight minutes, during which time attendants keep the milk agitated so that the oleo-margarine will mix with the milk and be seized by the curd as it forms. While the curd is being cut, more oil is added and as much of it made to adhere to the curd as possible, while the surplus is reserved for use in the next batch. A microscopical examination shows that the mechanical mix- ture is very intimate, the parts being evenly distributed, and closely resembles the curd made in the usual way. The editor found about three thousand cheeses on hand at the factory, and, after a free use of the trier, wag surprised at the quality disclosed. He says: "There was plainly a lack of fancy flavor, but the way iu which the skim milk has been brought to produce a rich, mellow cheese, with a good flavor, is wonderful. It is not right to judge the cheese by the standard of fancy, because if the material of which they are made (skim milk) were worked without the enriching, the result would have been exactly the reverse of fancy. It is difficult to judge the cheese by the standard of skim cheese, because there is scarcely a cheese which shows even a trace of skimming. The curing seems to be delaj'ed longer than in full cream cheese, and the more time given the more perfect seems to be the incorporation of the oil and the smoother and sweeter the body of the product. The cheese at JIcLean is above the average of the full cream cheese which we have inspected this season, in marketable qualities. The butter which is made of the cream is a strictly fine creamery article. It is made according to the usual creamery practice. The dairymen in the vicinity, have received better returns for their milk the past Summer than ever before. Ten pounds of milk is called a pound of cheese, and for every ten pounds of milk, the farmer receives within two cents of the highest fancy price of cheese as quoted in the New York m.arket. The business bids fair to be extended the coming season. Cheese Statistics. — President Fairchild, of the Butter and Cheese Exchange, New Y'ork, says the present production of cheese is cur- rently estimated to be about 300,000,000 lbs. The receipts at New Y'ork for 1S74 were 2,- 04G,57.5 boxes, and the shipments were 1,0S9,- 489 boxes. The exports from the United States ports for the fiscal year ending June 30,1874, 00,011,0.57 Ihs., and the exports from the Dominion of Canada were '23.183,223 Ihs., exclusive of the exports to the United Stat*s, making a total American export of 113,794,- 280 lbs. BtjTTER Taints. — In making butter too much care cannot be taken with respect to its suiToundings. In the first place the quality of the cows should be well considered, their comfort consulted by being sheltered in a clean commodious place at night, separated from other kinds of stock. No rough, boisterous helpers should bo employed about the prem- ises, as itis well known by careful, experienced dairymen that it not only makes a dift'erenca in the quantity, but also affects the quality of the butter. It is not our aim iu this article to enlarge upon butter-making, but to point out the shoals that small farmers run afoul of iu their butler operations, and others who deal in it, and finally thosi; that use it. Butter readily takes up foreign taints and odors, and therefore the greatest pains should be taken to have a place separate and apart from everything else, especially decaying vegetables, kerosene, or any volatile or pun- gent substances, and ventilation should be well looked after. The above remarks will also apply to the dealers iu and consumers of butter, as a great deal of trouble arises from placing it too near tar, turpentine, coiU oil, etc., in stores and dwellings. — Viiinfic Gmcir. t-^f tm ■ Points in BurrEic-ilAKiNii.— At the recent meeting of the Vermont Dairymen's Associa- tion there was an interesting discussion con- cerning several points in butter-making. Mr. Arnold was asked how he would liuild a milk- room for a farm ilairy. He replied that where the milk was usually all right and conditions fivorable he would need only a cheap tight room, with double walls to enable him to con- trol the temperature. As for setting, he i)rc- ferred large pans, large enough to h,^ld a whole milking. It is time to skim when the finger can be drawn through the top without having the cream close behind it. When cream will do this it is about ripe enough to churn. When cream foams in the churn it may be cured by warming. Cream should not be churned as soon as taken from milk. It should be stirred together and allowed to ripen all alike. This will occur in twelve hours or so. But cream should not stand until whey is formed in the cream jar. ^toch ^xttAtx, CATTLE RAISING IN STATES. THE UNITED fHE rapid increase of population in this country tends constantly to advance tho price of meats. The Eastern, the Mid- dle States, Ohio, and now Illinois, have in turn found feeding and fattening more profitable than raising cattle. The lieef for the great markets of the country must hereafter be raised mainly beyond the Missis- sippi, even beyond the Missouri, though brought to full maturity and fattened to a large extent iu the more eastern corn-growing States. It is not necessary, however, that beeves should be "finished oft"" East of the Missouri, for there is an immense area of corn-growing land in Nebraska, Kansas, Tex- as, without mention of large areas of conipar- aCivi^ly low cUvution in New Mexico and in the southern in)rtions of Colorado, I'tah and California, 'ilie railroads now penetrating the southwest are furnishing inducements for beef-packing in stock regions, which are by no means disregarded; and they have already commenced a powerful diversion from the business of stock-driving over long trails. All intelligent Americans have heard of the pastoral region of America, and may have a vague idea of its immense extent. Without mentioning 369,000,000 of acres in Alaska,the area of pastoral States and Territories is 1,190,000,000 of acres, divided as follows: Acres. Texas 175,000,000 ludian Terrify «,1")4,210 Kansjis 62.043.520 ^eb^aska 48,63(i.(l00 liakota 90,.W(;.12S WvouiiDg.. 62.(;i5,OBS Colorado 66.880,000 Kew Mexico .. . 77,568,640 Acres. rtah 54.065.043 Arizona 72.<.IOC,240 Iiialio 65,228,liiO Montana 32,016.040 Waphington 44."0t.l60 Ortguu 60.D7.5.3i;0 Calirornia . . . 120.947,840 ^evadA • 71,737,600 California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal. Of all this territory there remains unsold, the property of the United States and Texas, about 1, 000,000, UOO acres. If we make a liberal allowance for laud suitable for tillage, which is mainly found in the eastern halves of the four tirst-named divisions, and in portions of Oregon and California, and also for water and rock surfaces, and such forests as are dense enough to preclude pasturage — say an aggre- gate of 500,000,000— there would remain about 700,000,000 of acres suitable for pastur- age, aud scarcely valuable for anything else, furnishing both summer and winter grazing of the most nutritious gi-asses of greater or less abundance in the different sections. Here then is a pasture twenty times as large as Illi- nois, twenty-eight times as large as Ohio, and equal to 120 States like Vermont. Aud on the area of more than 100 such States the an- nual crop of herbage is utterly wasted, while the laboring people of Europe are cryiug for meat, and millions in our own cities are crav- ing earnestly the boon of a single cent reduc- tion per pound in their beef supjilies. If we allow ten acres of this unutilized pasturage for a term of five years to produce a steer weighing net 500 jiounds, the annual gain in beef at five cents per pound would equal the value of the cotton crop, or nearly §300,000,- 000. This is but $25 per head, and I have known a sale of 1,000 fat bullocks upon those western plains at $50 per head. These fig- ures are merely suppositious as to the grazing capacity of this area, aud can be modified to suit the most conservative views without gi-eatly reducing the magnificent saving which would result from complete utilization of our grasses. A very handsome sum might be added from similar savings throughout the Southern States. The numbers of cattle on this area were placed at nearly 5,000,000 in 1800 iu the cen- sus, aud in 1870 at nearly 5,500,000. There were at least a million that escaped registry by census officers, as they have a record by local assessors, aud the present numbers are not less than 7,000,000. In official estimates they have never been placed above 0,000,000, but constantly accumulating testimony sufficiently proves the existence of fully 7,000,000. The Texas State returns of 1870 reported 3,051,310 from 118 counties, "ll other coun- ties being mmked in the tabulation "unor- ganized," "no return," or as attached to other counties, and the table itself labelled, "returus incomplete." Most of the 41 are new counties, yet they coutaiu a considerable number of unreported cattle. A greater de- ficiency still comes from the fact that the most conscientious cattle-raisers return the number which they feel quite sure of finding easily upon the range, and that the less conscien- tious report the smallest number for taxation that the internal contest between their cupid- ity and caution and their conscientiousness will allow. Since 1870 the heavy trade in stock driven to Kansas, shipped to New Or- leans, or packed, or otherwise prepared, has reduced the actual numbers of 1870, as is claimed by local authorities. In some co\in- ties, in which immigration is active, in the eastern and northern parts of the State, this is undoubtedly the case, the large herds being all in the western section. But one county east of the Brazos has 50,000 cattle; there are eighteen west of that river, as follows: AtaBcoBa l(;B,7fi4 AuKlin ri8,-J(ir. Bue («,.in Bell 64,il4li Bi-xar 02.044 Dc Witt till,l)l',l Flirt Bond riii.K;i:i Goliad (14. 7.11) Gouzalos 75,'27l) HarriB 77,117 .Tai'tson I.jivaca .Matafiunla . ... Muilina . fir,,.'-i42 65,:j:i.") 78,311 51.971 Nuet-eB isa.oiw RefURiii S'I.4(IS San Saba 51,:i'2.5 llvalilo 67.172 WilliajiiKuu 50,144 Tutal 1,445,141 The increase of population in Texas, the encroachments of soil culture upon pasturage, and the extension of cattle-driving and ship- ment, are rapidly diminishing the proportion of numbers of stock to population. In 1800 there were 485 stock cattle and 'Ji) cows to each 100 of population; in 1870, though herds increased during the war, there were but 374 and 52 respectively, by census computation. The order of precedence, at the former date, of States having more "oxen and other cattle" than people, are: Texas, California, Florida, Oregon, Washington Territory and Nebraska; in 1870 there were only Texas, Florida, and Washington Territory. 1870. 1 1860. ►fl To each T) To each ,2 100 100 -o" p luha miB P o 0 inhabrts States. & 2-C e. 5a tr i; p cr li 0 6 5.B Sp i Z.P a a. 05 cTSi Maine (i2i;,ai5 22 32 628,279 23 30 N. Hampshire. 31n,;mo 28 41 320,073 29 62 VfrmoDt 330,551 64 42 316,098 55 62 MaSBachusettB. 1,467,351 7 7 1,231,066 11 11 Rhode Island. 217,353 8 7 174,620 11 U Connerticut.. . 537,454 18 22 460,147 21 31 New York 4,382,76!) 30 15 3,880.735 28 21 Nt'W JerBey. .. ■J06,o;Mi 13 7 672,035 20 14 Pcnneylvania.. 3,521,051 20 18 2,906,215 23 25 Delaware 125,015 10 20 112,216 20 31 Maryland. ... 780, 81.14 12 16 087,049 14 2'2 Virtrlnia* l,225,ir.3 15 26 1,210,630 18 41 N. Carolina... 1,071,3(11 la 30 992,622 23 46 S. Carolina... 705. (IOC 13 21 703,708 23 48 Georgia 1,184,100 19 39 1,057,280 28 06 Fluriila 187,748 32 175 140,424 06 210 Alabama 0116,002 17 31 904,201 23 50 MissiSBippi . . . 827,1,122 21 30 791,305 20 00 LiHiisiana 72(1,015 14 32 708,002 IS 64 Texas 818,679 52 374 604,215 99 485 Arkansas 484,471 26 47 435,450 39 91 TennL'Bsee. . . . 1,2.58,520 19 31 1,109,801 O'l 46 W. Virginia... 442,014 23 44 376,088 20 55 Kentucky 1,321.011 18 34 1,155,(184 23 49 Ohio 2,(1(15, 211(1 24 20 2,339,511 28 40 MiihiHan 1,184.050 21 28 749,113 23 40 Indiana 1,(>80,(1:)7 29 37 1,350,428 20 52 IIIinuiB 2,530,891 25 42 1,711,9,51 ;)ll 61 WiBconsia . . . 1,054.1)71: 20 36 776,881 2(1 41 Minnesota .. 430,70(1 27 42 172,02a 23 46 Inwa I,1',)4.02C 3( ,5;i 074,915 28 61 MiBsonri 1,721,205 2: 41: 1,182,012 29 69 Kansas 364,30'. 31: (18 107,20(1 20 60 Nebraska 122,90;: 21: 41 28,841 24 104 California. .. 5(10,247 20 8.'- 379,90J 54 250 Oregon 90,02; Si- 7! 52,465 101 192 Nevada 42,401 ll! 61 6,8.57 ll! 60 Utah Territol-y 86,786 21 2-! 40,273 29 65 Ni'W Mexico T. 91,87^ 1" n U3,51( 3(1 68 Washington T. 23,9.)6 7( 12( 11,50^ 83 103 Dakota T'y.. .. 14.181 29 58 4,837 6 11 * Virginia in 1860 is restricted to its present boun- daries for the purpose of comparison, and West Vir- ginia in 1870 is compared with the same area as in 1860. Texas thus had nine times as many cows as Massachusetts in 18G0 iu proportion to popu- lation, aud forty-four times as many other cattle; aud in 1870, seven to one and fifty- three to one respectively, the disproportion becoming less as to cows aud greater as to other cattle. These States represent extremes iu cattle supply. The table will furnish at a glance any comparison of sections desired. An increase iu both milch cows and othei- cat- tle, iu proportion to advance in population, is made only in Iowa, Dakota, and Kansas, but the proportion of cows has also increased in New York, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. This advance is due to the growth of the dairy in- terest in New York, and mainly iu the other States to the comparative assumption by stock growing of its proper position in farm econ- omy of the more recently-settled jjrairie States. There is a wide variation in prices in differ- ent sections of this pastoral area. In the mining territories the demand for working oxen, beef, and milk, not to mention butter aud cheese, has generally exceeded the sujiply, aud kept prices well advanced. Texas, with immense herds, without railroads or near markets, is content with the lowest rales known in the United States, and able to sup- ply hundreds of thousands annually, three- year-okls and upward, to the feeders aud packers of the States, aud younger stock to the stock rauches aud ranges of the territories. The following averages, from official returus, represent very faii-ly these dill'ereucOB iu prices of uilch cows: 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 Texas H2 19 $35 28 $43 44 $44 OG $46 36 Califiirnia.... 29 94 32 48 33 60 34 12 30 82 Tcii'itories.. . 13 33 15 26 13 60 14 12 12 83 Other cattle; Texas 18 92 19 52 22 71 23 80 26 92 California 17 14 19 48 22 60 23 16 26 94 Territories... 7 50 8 01) 7 61 8 10 7 37 The variation in prices in different counties in Texas is large, depending mainly upon the comparative prominence of stock-growiug and general agriculture. Galveston is an extreme case, the prices of stock of one, two, three, and four or more years old, ranging from $9 to $36. The next highest prices are in Collin, a northern wheat-growing county, claimed to be one of the most fertile in the State, rang- ing from $5 50 for yearhngs to $20 for full- grown cattle. Titus returns $5 50 to $18. In Comanche, a thinly-settled stock-raising county, with a name properly suggestive of Indians, the figures run from $1 to $10. The averages for the State of these four classes are, respectively, $3 18, $5 28, $8 10, and $11 82. The highest price returned iu Janu- ary for cows was $30 iu Harris, and $20 in Collin, Ellis aud Marion. The lowest figures are $6 iu Mason, $8 in Cherokee and Fayette, and $9 iu Live Oak. The State assessment of stock cattle is usually about $4, scarcely ever reaching $5. My estimate of present real value is $7 50. The profit of well-directed stock-growing enterprise in Texas has been large, even princely. It is claimed that it costs less to raise an ox there than a chicken on the At- lantic coast. While money is essential to large and immediate returns, it is, perhaps, true that in no other section of the country can an industrious poor man arrive at compe- tency with so little effort, especially if en- gaged in stock-growiug. I have an account of an old lady iu Mason county, who started with several chickens, a pig, a cow, an old pony, aud a boy of twelve years to assist her, and who, in five years, attained an annual income ol $2,000 in gold. Cattle do well in nearly all parts of Texas, from the salt fliits on the coast to the moun- tains, !md from the Kio Grande to the cane bottoms of lied River. The pine woods re- gion of the east is less desii-able than other sections, having less nutritious grasses, though they are quite sufficient for local requirements. The black-wheat lands of the northern central counties, at least twenty in number, are more valuable for general culture than mere graz- ing. Western Texas is the chosen home of the grazier, from the mouth of the Rio Grande to the northern limit of "the Panhandle," near the southern hue of Colorado — a pasture eight degrees of latitude in length, without fencing or rental, now, as heretofore, full of cattle, having literally "millions in it." Yet all sections are not equally full, immense tracts hiiving comparatively few. The cattle region is west of the Brazos, mostly west of the Colorado, aud the favorite locations are in the country drained by the Nueces and Atas- cosa. The largest herds are iu the southern half of this western belt, the more northern counties being subject to incursions from In- dians, as well as the more distant and almost nukuowu divisions, Presidio, El Paso, aud the "Panhandle," through which runs the Cana- dian Itiver. In all this region summer aud winter pa.sture is free to all, the owners of the cattle owning little or none of the land, which belongs to the State of Texas. The cost of raising stock is practically expressed in full in the expense of branding, watching, and gath- ering for Side. Drovers are accustomed to gather up droves of 500 to 1,000 cattle, three or four years old for brief feeding for beef, aud two years old for stock-ranches in Kan- sas or the Territories. He takes a power of attorney from the owners, authorizing him to drive and sell their cattle, and the hide and cattle inspector takes notice of every brand aud ear mark, aud classifies them as to age and value, aud the ins])ection is recorded iu the County Clerk's office, coustituting a legal indebteduess of the drover for every animal thus taken. The trade of drovers has been very brisk since 1870. On the Old Chisholm trail, from May 1 to November 11, 1872, 202 drovers passed Ciddwell, Kansas, with 349,275 cattle, making tho avi>rage per drove very nearly 1,200, tho largest droves being, 1,500 by Lit tie i!c Perryuian, 3,000 by Brooks & Miiliig;iii, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 3,400 by G. Van Winkle & Co., 3,200 by Brooks & Gatteu, 3, OSS by Ilardeu, 3,000 by King & Staples; several at 2,500 to 2,800, aiul two as low as 350. This will illustrate fairly the size of droves from Texas to Kansas. I have seen many statements of the size of herds in Kansas. It is impracticable to at- tempt to name all the large cattle ranches. I will mention a few herds recently reported in my correspoiideuce. On the Gulf coast a Mr. Kennedy has inclosed the "Laureles" ranch by running a fence fifty miles, costing $100,- 000, across a neck of a peninsula, thus inclos- ing by fence and water 169,000 acres. The Kockport and Fulton Pasture Company, on Nueces Bay, incloses 115,000 acres, with a few miles of fencing on one side. Rockport is the great cattle-shipping port for Western Texas. In Refugio county there are large herds: John H. Woods', 17,500; John Lin- ny'.s, 17,500; J. & R. Dnshel's, 9,000; B. F. Gooch,in Mason, 20,000; Burrell Yol(]oron,of Grayson, county, h.as 10,000 scattered over several counties. In San Patricio and other counties, Coleman, Mathes & Fulton, of Rockport, estimate their cattle at 85,007 — 25,000 in pasture, the remainder on the range. They have made a single purchase of cattle to the amountof $130,000. The Peninsula Com- pany have, near Rockport, a pastux'e of 35,000 acres, inclosed by a cypress fence. In Lime- stone county Heaton & Harmer have 8,000 head. In Harris William McFadJon has 18,- 000, and George Butler 15.000. I have a record of a large number owning 3,000 to 10,000, and there are many more that own much larger herds, were there time to collect and space to print them. Probably more than 2,000,000 of Texas cattle have been driven into Kansas since the war. The drive of last year was not so heavy as those of the previous years, but has been estimated as high as 175,000. The shipments of cattle over four Kansas railroads, from Jan- uary to August, 1873, consisting mainly of cattle wintered over, was 102,426; and for the same period in 1874, 122,914, with 115,000 remaining to ship. It was estimated that 50,000 more wintered cattle were taken by government contractors. The drives of one year are either kept on the Kansas or Ne- braska ranges till late in the Fall, or wintered over before sending east.* A detailed account of this cattle movement, of the cost of driving and wintering, of the contests with native stock owners arising from fear of the Texas cattle disease, and of the business generally of the cattle grower, would more than fill the place alotted to this chap- ter. It is a business of manifest importance in the future of the American meat supply. — J. li. Dodge, in Phrenological Journal for May. Souk Milk for Calves. — Farmers, as well as other classes, have yet much to learn about many of the common practices of daily lite and experience in their respective callings, and much also must be unlearned to make way iox the advanced ideas which science and practical experiments are constantly bringing up for investigation. A few years ago, it was the accepted opinion of the masses of the peo- jile that the value of milk as an article of food i^^t man or beast, was principally determined by the amfmnt of cream it contained, and skimmed milk was looked upon as being al- most worthless for anything but for pig feed- ing, and not very good for that. Later investigations have shown that the greater part of the food material of milk is contained in the skimmed milk; that skim- milk cheese is poor, not because it is devoid of nutriment, but because we have not learned how to make and cure it so as to have it pal- atable and digestible. Many farmers have noticed that those cows which give milk poor in butter, often raise extra fat calves; and we occasionally find cows giving milk so rich in fatty substances that their calves do not do as well fed upon it as upon milk containing a smaller proportion of cream. We have raised a few calves every Summer for several years past, and have had excellent success with skimmed milk, both sweet and sour, when judiciously fed. In kindness many are quite apt to over-feed, and they do nut feed with the regularity that would be best for the calf. It always makes bad work to let a calf get very huugvy and then give it an extra amount of milk, and if the milk is very cold it will be all the more harmful. Calves are taken from their mothers and fed upon milk which is not only skimmed but often cold, and perhaps given at irregular in- tervals, and in two large quantities; and be- cause they do not always do as well as when fed in the natural way, the skimming is made to bear all the blame. But it is a fact that very fine calves have been raised on skimmed milk, and sour at that. The subject of feed- ing skimmed and sour milli to calves was dis- cussed at a late meeting of the Vermont dairy- men, and Mr. Stewart, of the Btiffdlo JAve Stock Jounuil, spoke in the strongest terms of the value of skimmed and sour milk for grow- ing good calves. We also frequently receive letters from the readers of the Farmer, giving accounts of very satisfactory experiments in raising calves on such food. We have before us now a letter from a reader at Enosburgh, Vermont, who has a calf, nine months old, that weighs seven hundred pounds, half Jersey and half native, it never having had anything but sour milk and hay since it was old enough to do well on such feed, which has been ever since it was quite young. During a private conversation upon this subject, with several gentlemen, at the Ver- mont dairymen's meeting, Mr. Isaac T. Parris of Fairfax, Vt. , informed us that he had had the best of success in feeding sour milk to some dozen calves per year. He begins to feed it sometimes when the calves are but a week old. He prefers to have it thick or lop- pered, but not fermented. At six or seven weeks old, he gives wheat bran with the milk, and at ten weeks, adds oat meal. They learn to eat hay very young, and are often chewing the (Hid at ten days old. He finds that his best butter cows give milk too rich for calves, and that poorer cows fat the best veal. Mr. Stillman Stone, of Lunenburg, Mass., is also a strong advocate of sour milk for calves. He says they do not all take to it alike, but when he gets a calf so that it likes it, he has no more trouble with it. We find a great difl'erence in calves about eating what- ever is given them. Some calves will take almost any wholesome food with a good and constant appetite, while others are always dainty and particular about what they eat. The latter kind seldom make hardy cows, and when one finds he has such an animal the sooner it is disposed of the better. — .V. £. Farmer. Thoroughbred Swine. Jjn HE theory has been advocated, and prac- jIl tice has clearly demonstrated that it is .Jl;[ impracticable for the general farmers of oj/)|_ the country to become breeders of fine, ^Vl or properly speaking, thoroughbred stock, with the idea of disposing of it at fancy prices. There may be many reasons ascribed for this, the principal of which is that it takes more time and more capital to start than most of them are in circumstances to afford, to say nothing of the business being a profession which requires more study and experience than most of them can give. The breeding of any of the improved breeds of sNvine is, however, quite different from horses, cattle, or sheep, and we are fully convinced that ev- ery farmer of the country can become a breeder of thoroughbred swine, and make it a remunerative business. Some may say we cannot all sell them at fancy prices, which is veiy true, neither do they need to do so in order to make it profitable. The man who buys a Short-horn cow at $1,000 must neces- sarily sell her calf at $300 or $400, or the investment will not be a paj'ing one. Such an animal will produce only one calf in a year. The case is quite different with swine. A farmer at the present day can buy a pair of thoroughbred hogs ready to breed, or any of our improved breeds, at from $35 to $50 per p.iir, and with ordinary success will produce twelve to eighteen pigs during the year. Thus it will be seen that he only has to sell them at $1 50 to $2 to be making as much on the capital invested as the fancy breeder who is imrchasing cattle and horses at $1,000 each and disjiosing of thi^ produce at $500 per head, 'then it is at once apparent to all that the above prices are not as much as can bo realized for the common scrub hogs of the country at two or three months old. Then should he find dilEeulty in disposing of them at that age, it will pay him three-fold to keep them to twelve to fifteen months of age, at which time they will be hogs weighing up- ward of 300 pounds, which are worth from one and a half to two cents more per potmd, than the scrub hogs brought to market. We ask the careful attention of the reader to this matter; we are not writing from a the- oretical standpoint, but from practice of what we write, knowing that such are daily occur- rences. These being the facta, why will so many of our farmers persist in keeping a stock of hogs so well known as prairie root- ers? Some may say they cannot afford to buy the stock to start with. This excuse will hold good only in but few cases, while the prices of all our improved breeds of swine are so low. The experience of all who have tried it full}' attest that the use of thoroughbred males in horses, cattle, sheej), or swine, is one of the best paying investments they can enter into. And if it is so in cattle, then it must bo doubly so in swine; and if those who do not believe in thorough breeds will use thorough- bred males of any of the improved breeds on their common stock of cows, it will soon show a marked improvement that wiU in a very short time pay many hundred per cent, on the investment. Surely no objection in re- gard to cost can be raised from pursuing this course while the best breeders of the country are offering choice males at $15 to $25 each. — Alex. Charles, m tSicine and Poultry Journal. White vs. Black Hogs. — A correspondent of the Rural Southland writes: In my boyhood, some twenty-five years ago, my father had several hundred fine white or light colored hogs. He also had about thirty black hogs of a new and different stock. The cholera came — the first ever known in our section of country — and it reduced his main stock of white or light colored hogs from sev- eral hundred to several hogs; while of the black ones it killed only three; yet all had the same showing, and were equally exposed. I have since noticed something like the same relative difference in mortality, from the same cause. .\s to the respective merits of the several black varieties, the two leading and rival breeds are the improved Berkshire and Po- land-China, each of which has great merit. The Berkshire nuder certain circumstances and raised in large numbers, may be the bet- ter of the two; but for us, I think it only ne- cessary to know both breeds thoroughly in order to decide in favor of the Poland China. We don't want woods or wild hogs. The Berkshire is predisposed to wildness, and a little neglect makes him as wild and fleet as a buck; wherinis, the Poland China, though thoroughly industrious, is the most docile, tractable and intelligent of all hogs. Generally, we want grazers and not rooters. The Poland China is natnraJly and essentisdly a grazer, and the Berkshire a rooter. Everj-where endeavor to be useful, and you are everv^vhere at home. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^\m\) mil (5ortto. The Angora Coat Again^ T is natural enough for people living in ' sections of the country where the Angora ■eW goat will not thrive, and where they have 5^ failed at it, to think the business of breeding them a failure. But the stock men on this coast know there is profit in Angoras. We give the following criticism, which ap- peared in the Prairie Farmer some two years ago, to show the off side of the goat question: And now comes Mr. Wm. Laudrum, of Messrs. Landrura & Rodgers, of Watson- Tille, California, "pioneer breeders of Cash- mere or Angora goats," who desires to be heard on the "goat business." That Mr. L.'s position may be more fully comprehended, we should also state that the firm is connected with a company who have purch.ised the Guadalupe island, and propose to devote a considerable part of it and of the capital stock ($500,000) to breeding goats. Whether there are any shares to sell we are not advised. The essential points of his letter, which is very long, are as follows: He gives the address of several brokers who, he says, can sell, or rather have sold, mohair at from '24 cents to $1 2.5 per pound, and calls these "full prices." As those who buy, he names Messrs. Sheppard Bros., of Philadelphia, and Messrs. Hall, Broadhead & Co., of Jamestown, New York. He also cites general order No. 9'2 of the War Department, requiring certain uniforms to be ornamented with mohair cords and tassels, and says the contractors for these goods "must have mo- hair." These furnish the market for the fleece. In a former article in the paper to which the letter of Mr. L. is iu response, we asked the question whether any one who purchased breeding goats purporting to be Angora or Cashmere, at the prices ruling a few years ago, could now realize for his stock, including increase and wool, and excluding co.st of keep- ing, the amount he paid for the original stock, and stating that if such a person could be found we would gladly publish his address, together with the address of the party willing to buy at such figures. In reply to this the writer presents the names of several who, as he says, have made purchases of goats, prin- cipally from himself, within fourteen months past, at prices ranging from $50 to $2.50 each, and also instances others who, commencing some years ago, have made money in selling goats, pelts and mohair. There is, however, nothing new or valuable in the information his letter affords us on this point, except that there still are parties willing to pay about one-tenth to one-fourth the prices at which these goats were sold in this region a few years ago. Even this, however, is not cer- tain, in view of what he says of the past trade in goats in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois and Ohio in the following extract: " I have carefully watched the Angora goat business for 25 years, and have kept a record of all the pure breeds ever imported to Amer- ica; their ijuality, breeding, and to whom sold and their whereabouts, save a very few scat- tering animals, sold one or two in a place. I also know of many failures .and the causes thereof. Also of many successes. There has been two causes of failures: First, like all new enterprises, the majority of pc'Ople know but little about the busini'ss, and designing, dishonest men practiced deception, and do ceiveil farmers with worthless low grades for pure breeds. With such goats they could do no better than make a failure, and without the knowledge of the cause, naturally would con- demn the whole Angora business. " Ttainessee, Kentucky, Illinois and Ohio Buffered worse than any other states. Wil- liamBon and his associates sold over $80,000 worth of grade goats in those States of a cross between the Thibet goat, the Angora and the native goat. Such goats could not be bred up iu ten years, with good Angora bucks, to be Worth anything for fleece, hence you will daily meet men who will tell you iu that coun- try that the Angora is a humbug. They or their neighbors tried them, and paid fabulous prices for them, and failed. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, has a small band of pure breed Angoras. I. S. Diehl, perhaps, has ten head; the remainder of his are grades. I could give their history. Robert S. Scott, of Kentucky, has one pure ewe; and three years increased two or three bucks; the balance are grades. Ogden, of Ohio, had one pair of pure breeds. Chenery, of Boston, sold a few pairs of pure breeds to go West, in 1HG7, that I failed to get the address of, but no lots of over one ewe in a place that I heard of, and I in- terrogated him very closely at the time; and up to that time I hiive a record of all the pure breed transactions in America. I assert pos- itively that the failure is not in the Angora goat, but in the deception and dishonest re- presentations made by men about the goat to persons who have no facilities to find out the truth. It is very true that they will not do so well any where east of the Rocky Moun- tains, as they do on the Pacific coast. Had they not jiroved to be a great source of profit to the breeder on this coast, they could never have been sjjread over the country, from the fact, that the word goal was unpopular, and attached to it was the history of all the Cash- mere swindles in the East, as they were termed. We even have men here now offer- ing grades as pure breeds in this state, and often deceive men with them, to the disgrace and injury of the business." It will be news to our readers in the States named to be told that the animals for which they paid from $500 to $2,300, a few years ago, were after all only grades, and it is cer- tainly curious that these could not have been bred up by the use of pure crosses iu ten years to be worth anything, while even now Mr. Landrum is selling grades at what seem big prices. In closing he gives the following advice to breeders ; "Accept no goat as a pure breed that can- not be traced to the man who shipped it from Angora. Secondly, all imported goats are not pure breeds. A pure breed goat has no under coating of any kind mixed with his fleece, no coarse main hip locks or kemp; should be clear silver white, and fleece all over alike, belly and breast well covered. Many other points may be considered, but these are indisiiensable." The most reasonable conclusion on the whole subject seems to be that some portions, or the rougher and less fertile districts of the western slojie of this continent, may be ad- apted to the profitable culture of these goats, in competition with those countries from which the European and the fe'J American manufacturers of lustre goods from mohair now obtain their sujiplies of the fibre. The islands of the Pacific ocean may aft'ord still othi;r fields for the enterprise, but there is nothing iu the history or present condition of the traffic in mohair or the goats in this coun- try that is likely to attract a careful farmer to the culture of the goat in preference to the culture of sheep. The day has gone by when any man iu the centra! states has any such preference, so far as our knowledge extends. Impkovkment of Riieep. — The improve- ment of a llui'k by means of breeding, re- quires very considerablt! and long continued care. The quality of both parents must be con- sidered, both with a view of correcting evils and pepetuating good qualities. It must bo acknowledged, however, that in the majority of cases the influence of the male preponder- ates over the female, and the characteristics of the former are neu-o likely to be iuqiressed on the ort'spring than those of the latter. This is shown in most animals. The mule partakes much more of the nature and size of its sire, the ass, than of its dam. the mare. A large Cotswold ram put to a Southdown ewe produced an offspring much more resem- bling the former than the latter, and a pony mare put to a full sized horse will produce an animal half as large again as the dam. Though this, however, seems to be nature's rule, it is not one without exception, for occasionally we see the very opposite results. In breeding animals of a pure kind, the principal rule to be observed is, to breed from the very best of both sexes, to cull the faulty ones every year, saving only the female lambs for the future flock tliat are as free from de- fect as possible. Of course, the flock must be kept up to its proper size, but year by year the finest animals should be selected, until, in the course of time, the flock will entirely con- sist of them. Until this is nearly accom- plished it will not be prudent for a farmer to employ his only tups for the purpose, as he will probably be able to hire or buy superior rams from others, and it will not do to spare some expense iu thus raising the character of his sheep. There are various poiuts that are sought after by breeders, not because of the particu- lar value of those points, but because they are evidence of other valuable qualities, such as aptitude to fatten and early maturity. Thus, iu the Southdown breed, small heads and legs, and small bones are esteemed, as they are qualities which are always found connect- ed with fattening properties. Black muzzles and legs are also valued, probably because they denote the good constitution and hardi- hood of the animal. We must, however.take care, lest, in carrying these points to an ex- treme, we neglect other valuable qualities. Straightness of the back, breadth of the loins, and rotundity of frame are points that cannot be disputed, and are not merely sirjnx of good qualities, but good qualities themselves. The Straightness of the back, so perfect in the Leicester, is by no means natural to the Southdown in an unimproved state, but rath- er the contrary. In the improved breeds, however, it is present, and is justly reg.arded as an excellent point, giving a better surface for the laying on of flesh, and affording more scope for the abdominal organs. Its converse, too, a round or convex back, is produced or increased by the effects of poverty and cold, and is almost sure to follow if the breed is ne- glected and exposed. The development of bone, of course, re- quires nutriment, as well as any other part, though not perhaps in the same degree. Large bone, therefore, abstracts nutriment which would otherwise be more profitably employed and thus is anything but a desirable point in sheep. Horns, for the same reason, are much better dispensed with. One point in sheep, which is justly regarded as extremely favor- able, is a soft, mellow feeling of the skin and parts beneath. These parts are the cellular, or rather adipose membranes, which in fat sheep are full of fat, and in lean sheep, when possessing this mellow feeling, denote the plentiful existence of these membranous cells ready for the reception of fat, which is de- posited in them almost in the form of oil. Breadth of loin and rotundity of frame are qualities that require no observation, having been above alluded to. The former denotes the presence of a large quantity of flesh iu the spot where it is most valuable, and it also bespeaks a largo and roomy abdomen. A round frame is al.so the sure attendant of a large abdomen, and an extended surface for the muscles of the back and loins. A general squareness of frame besjieaks large muscles, particularly from the (piarters. What, indeed, is wanted, in a good-formed animal, is as much flesh and as little bone and gristle as possible, and this flesh is re- quired where it is most valuable; for instance, it is much more valuable on the loiiis and ([uarters than about the head and upper or scrag end of the neck. A largo development ;^2^-y. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. of flesh is pretty sure to be accompnnied by a dispositioa to fatten; but for protitable feed- ing it is essential that these qualities should be developed early — constitutinf; early matu- rity. Thus talks the Prairie Farmer ou this important subject. .«-•-* Gkadually Impkote Yodr Sheep.- — It is a fact very few persons realize, that by the in- troduction of pure breed rams, there will be an annual increase of at least half a pound per fleece among a flock of ordinary sheep. "Could our average farmers be induced to be- lieve this," says Mr. Goe, a noted Pennsyl- vania sheep manager, "sheep profits would soon become immense, compared with pres- ent pay." It does not matter where you buy those rams, but you ought to be certain to get pure breeds, from a good healthy flock. From one to three rams annually will not cost much money compared with the profit to your flock and the increased yield of fleece. You all claim to be enterprising and anxious to make sheep-raising pai/, hence you will doubtless avail yourselves of the light and progress of others in your enterprise; for you live in a progressive age and ought to feel bound to keep ou the track. Then it becomes you to open your eyes, look about you, see and rend what your neighbors are doing. Catch the proper spirit and profit by all your learn from experience and the experience of others. — Rural Sun. ^mmiu. Learn to Keep House. [EAUriFUL maideDB — aye Dature's fair qneens, Some in your tweutiee, and some in your teena, Sftekin^ accomplishnientH wortliy yotir aim. Striving for learning, thirBtinK for fame; Taking such pains with ttie style of your hair, Keeping your lily complexions so fuir: Miss not this item, iu all your gay lives. Learn to keep house, you may one day bo wives. Learn to keep house. Now your Adonis loves sweet moonlight walks, Hand clasps, aud kisses, and nice little talks; Then, as plain Charlie, with burden of care. He must subsi t on more nourishing fare; He'll come home at the set of the sun. Heart-sick and weary, his working day done, Thence let his slippered feet ne'er wi.sh to roam, Leara to keep house that you may keep home. Learn to keep house. First in his eyes will be children and wife, Joy of his joy and life of his life. Next to his bright dwelling his table, his meals — Shrink not at what my pen trembling reveals, Maidens romantic, the truth must be told. Knowledge is better than silver and gold; Then be prepared in the 8prin;T:-time of health, Learu to keep house tho' surrounded by wealth. Learn to keep house. and Chats With Farmers' Wives Daughters — No. 6. BY "JEWELL." A TUSSLE WITH FLIES. I have often wondered why a farm life should have so many drawbacks to its charms — the greatest of which is flies; but, as I did not live year in and year out on a farm — which condition, they tell me, is essential to a fair trial of poison and a gentle persuasion e.ach morning with a cloth driver — why, I did not prove anything, only I wondered in my quiet hours wh}' it was that city flies and country flies should differ so very materially. It is quite easy in the city to keep free from flies, if one knows how and means busines.': — for you must bear in mind one thing, viz. : that flies muat be eating. All right; give it to them — with a little cobalt with it — in plenty of dishes here and there, with beer or sweet- ened water, any way to invite them to eat and be merry, and they will surely die. After a few days of sweei^iug dead flies, brushing dead flies, shooing dead flies, and seeing dead flies you get used to it, and they either conclude not to come in, or else there are fewer flies in your neighborhood. So much for city flies. But in the country where there are stables, milk and butter, and swill about to attract flies, they told me it would be impossible. So I am trying it, friends. One week ago, on the wall beside the table aud upon the netting over the dishes as we ate would be black as if a swarm of bees were upon us. Tho reform began by remov- ing the swill barrel to the barn yard. (I'd rather carry sour milk a mile than have so many flies looking at me eat.) I never leave anything for them to eat, but just what I want them to, with cobalt or fly-paper in it, but of that I give a plenty — three dishes to a room, one on each bed in the bed-room, leaving the room well aired and lighted. (I don't believe in dark rooms, except at night.) It seems as if there had been at least several millions of dead flies swept up, and at meals we miss fully that number — indeed, I feel a deep char- ity for the few left, and feed them regularly, and shall continue to do so right along all Summer. Don't be afraid of your children getting at the poison; teach them to let it alone, and, indeed, the dirty dishes are enough to disgust most all children, who usu- ally like best what is pretty and nice. Following are a few recipes which may be found useful: TO COOK CBACKED WHEAT, BICE AND HOMINY. I have before given a recipe for boiling cracked wheat, hominy and rice in a bag put in boiling water, which is not only easier and a cheaper way of doing — unless one has a waterbath utensil already to use — but I think the baa preferable; the rice keeps its form and cooks quicker, and cracked wheat, to be truly nice, should not cook more than twenty min- utes, or three quarters of an hour at the farth- est. You then have the full flavor of the grain, and something to chew also, which re- moves one serious objection to mush or cracked wheat, as it is usually served soft and gummy. Hominy should be cooked at least an hotir, but cracked wheat and rice is better cooked in half the time. SOFT GINGER BREAD. One cup of molasses, 1 of cold water, 1 teaspoouful of salt, 1 of soda, butter the size of au egg, 1 spoonful of ginger, cloves or any other spice, flour enough for a stiff batter; bake an hour. nancy's cake. Two cups of sugar, 1 of milk, ^ of butter, 3 of flour, 2 eggs, 1 teaspoonful cream tartar, % teaspoonful of soda. cream pies. Two cups of sugar, 1 of flour, i eggs, 1 quart milk; boil together and flavor to suit; put in crust and bake. SPONGE CAKE. Four eggs, 1 cup flour, 1 cup sugar, 1 tea- spoonful cream tartar put in flour, ^ tea- spoonful of soda dissolved in milk or water; flavor with lemon. How TC Cook Tomatoes. — Those who are fond of tomatoes will find that among the vari- ous modes of cooking them, none can equal in richness and delicacy, a dish of baked to- matoes. We are fond of them served in any manner, but the most delicious dish is prr- duced as follows: To bake tomatoes, take those of a uniform size, smooth and ripe; wash and wipe dry ; place them iu a deep bjik- ing dish, a tin one if it is new; sprinkle salt and pepper over them, and bake m a brisk oven, not too hot, nearly two hours. Spread butter over them, aud serve while hot. Another way. Select thoroughly ripened fruit; cut them in halves; sprinkle over the cut half With bread crumbs, sugar, salt, pep- per and butter. Place them in a baking pan, cut side upwards, and bake them in an oven for two hours. Serve on a plate garnished with curled parsley. Broiled tomatoes can be cooked in less time as follows : Cut medium sized tomatoes in halves, and put them upon a gridiron, cut surface down. When the surface apiiears somewhat cooked, turn them, and finish the cooking with the skin towards the fire. The cooking should be gradual, so as not to break the skin. Place upon a dish, and put a little salt and a bit of butter upon each half, and serve cjuite hot. How Many Farmers Live. — The State of Massachusetts, through her Board of Health, has been looking a little after the farmers of thiit State, and with regard to the diet of the farmers' families, publishes the following as- tounding report: 1 — Good bread is scarce. 2 — There is too little variety in food. 3 — Meat is apt to be fried. 4 — Baked beans and salt pork too generally used. 5 — Pastry and cakes are used to an injuri- ous extent. 6 — Too little time is allowed for meals. 7 — Coffee and tea are too freely used. 8 — Water is used to excess. The Board of Health make the following suggestions: "There should be more fresh and less salt meat; less frying and more boiling, broiling and roasting; a greater variety of vegetables and fruits; less pies and cakes; more well- kneaded bread, raised with yeast; less tea. "It is a somewhat siugular fact that farm- ers live so little upon their own productions. They send their fresh vegetables, fruits, eggs, and poultry, to market, and live themselves ujion salt pork, pies and saleratus. "The poor cooking which prevails, doubt- less results from hurry — frying requires but little time and skill, saleratus bread can be made iu a jiffy, and the bread and pastry we eat are heavy and sodden, because kneading requires time." It m.ay well be doubted whether a more dis- graceful picture could be drawn of any other nation in the world. Here we Americans are boasting of our skill and ingenuity, inviting to our shores the overworked millions of Eii- rope and Asia, and yet living ourselves in a slip-shod, hand-to-mouth way, frying in grease half our food, fried ham, fried beef, fried potatoes, and not a civilized nation on earth but lives better. It insults our nostrils three times every day. The result is, one sees men sallow, stoojiing, sickly women more than in any other land under the sun. The active habits of the men enable them to over- come the dyspeptic influences of the everlast- ing/(•;/,■ the women pay the penalty. Raised Connecticut Doughnuts. — Heat a pint of milk just lukewarm, and stir into a small cup of melted lard and sifted flour, till it is a thick batter, add a small cup of domes- tic yeast, and keep it warm till the batter is light, then work into it four beaten eggs, two cups of sugar rolled free from lumps, a tea- spoonful of salt, and two of cinnamon. When the whole is well mixed, knead in wheat flour until as stiff as biscuit dough. Set where it will keep w;irm, till of spongy lightness, then roll the dough out half an inch thick, and cut into cakes. Let them remain till light, then fry them in hot lard. •-•-* Shakespeare Cake. — Six cups of flour; one of sugar; one of rich cream; eight eggs. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. f oultvu §«lrf. Dark Brahma Fowls. ii^jrHE Light and Dark Brahma fowls are 1 1rl among the most popular breecis of pul- '\h try kuowu. Side by side, through their %J^ excellence alone, they have worked their ^Sy way into public favor until no poultry yard is considered complete without one or the other of these varieties. As regards the merits of each, there are different opinions. One of our best poultry breeders, W. H. Todd, of Ohio, thus speaks of the Darks in an article in the NorlhavMern I'ouUiy •hninud : For practical purposes we find little differ- ence between Dark and Light Brahmas. The objection to keeping light or white fowls in town in consequence of their plumage getting soiled and dingy, is obviated with Dark Brah- mas, as the dust, soot and smoke do not soil their color, and thereby injure their appear- ance. Comparatively we consider the Dark more vigorous and hardy, better foragers and earlier maturing. Their eggs are more fertile and the chickens seem hardier and more rajiid in growth when small than any other of the large breeds. In setting an equal number of eggs of dif- ferent varieties in midwinter, the Dark Brah- mas have hatched and lived, on an average, 6U per cent, better than any other. When matured, the best specimens are shorter in leg and more broad and stocky in shape than the Light, though we have seen first prizes given to leggy, long, round backed, ungainly birds, for what reason we could not surmise, unless it was for color alone, or else a special favor to their owners; but want of symmetry and style does not meet with public favor.and we hope it never will. Many who keep poultrj' for eggs and mar- ket claim that Dark Brahmas are the most profitaVile. The hens make careful setters and good mothers, and the pullets begin lay- ing quite young and continue with scarcely a day's cessation for several months, and es- pecially during the Winter, when eggs are high and "dunghills" are weather-bound. In annual product of eggs perhaps no variety excells them. « » » Clipping Wings. — Clipping the wings of fowls to prevent their flying is a necessary operation sometimes, but never necessarily disfiguring. It generally is, however, since the farmer's shears almost always make a clean sweep of all the quills, and an ugly wing is the result. Besides the ugliness, there are also other disadvantages in such a sweep- ing operation. A setting hen uses the outer end of her wing to retain the eggs under her in place, and those near the body protect the skin from being torn by her mate's claws. The proper way is to only trim the feather partly off with a pair of scissors, except about one inch at the end. It shows but little when the wing is closed, and does not disfigure the fowl, and lets the wind through so as to pre- vent flying. Fresh Eggs. — Eggs can be kept fresh and good for months by the following method: I'lace a convenient number in a smull liasket, and immerse them in boiling water, taking out almost instantly, then pack in salt with the small end do%vn. By this process the en- tire surface of the white of the egg under the skin-like membrane, is congealed, thus form- ing an impervious coating, which prevents the evaporation of the contents, and the ad- mission of air. — 1'. Very little corn should be fed in the giain, as the same quantity of grain converted into soft food, is worth one-third more than the grain, either for fattening or egg produ(^tion, as all the force of the system required to di- gest or grind up the grain in the iTop of the owl, lessens the egg producing qualities or Manaoement or Geese. — I take my pen to reply to Miss Heywood's inquiry about geese in Rural Xew Yorker oi March 6. Geese are naturally great wanderers, and for that reason they require a home of their own; especially when harvest time approaches does this need most appear. If allowed to run they destroy much more than they are worth. A small piece of pasture land, through which runs a lorook, is best calculated for geese; even if the brook is small, they will love it, and with sticks and leaves dam it up until they have a convenient place to wash and dive; they love to keep clean. Inclose their home with a good fence. During the laying season, which commences as early as March, feed corn, buckwheat, oats, etc. ; if cooked and fed warm it is much better. Geese also dearly love crumbs from the table, such as pancakes and potatoes, cut into small jiieces and fed warm; feed this once a day, and the above mentioned once a day, as much as they will eat without leaving any. A little salt in their food im- proves it; also a quantity of loppered milk, if you have it, added after the food is cooked. If you have no nice little house for the goose to make her nest in, place a barrel in an elevated part of her lot or home, turn it on its side, place the open end of it toward the south; put in a few quarts of horse manure; over this place plenty of straw; she requires enough to lay her eggs upon and cover them with, for she never leaves them uncovered. My word for it, Goosie will not refuse such a place for her nest, at least I never knew her to. She generally lays two litters of eggs each season — from 5 to 1"2 in a litter. When she shows signs of sitting, give her from 12 to 13 eggs to sit upon ; do not let her sit before the middle of April, or, better still, the first of May. Goslings are a tender bird and do not thrive well in chilly weather. After the goose has been sitting one month look out for the goslings; they are of a handsome green color; as they come out of the shell and sit close to their mother they are a pretty sight. About that time the gander will fight as if he meant to kill anything that comes near. — liernice Better. Save the Feathers. — As the time is draw- ing near when poultry wiU be killed in large numbers for market, large quantities of feath- ers are thrown away which, if taken care of and dried and sacked, could be put away for trimming in the AVinter evenings. Then all the chicken and turkey feathers can be nicely trimmed; that is, take a poir of scissors and trim the plume or down from each side of the stem or ril) of the feather. This down cut off, if put into a bag and kneaded for ten minutes, is eqal to the best soft goose feathers. Try it and make money out of the poultry feathers. Weight of Eggs. — The Canndinn Farmer says that after careful examination, it has been ascertained that the average weight of eggs was '22^2 ounces per dozen, the largest ones weighing '28 ounces per dozen, and the smallest one 14 J^ ounces per dozen. I have just had a dozen eggs from my Light Brah- mas that weighed 32 ounces. Can any one beat this? The largest one weighed over three ounces. — i'. W. JS., in jV. W. F. Journal. An Old Goose. — William Atwood. of Big Flats, Chemung county, N. Y., has the old goose "Constitution" now in his possession, said to have been hatched in the year 1803. Her feathering is pure white, her weight six- tci^n pounds, and her roihslitiition unimjntired. Every man or woman in the land will ad- mit drunkenness to be an evil if they are pos- sessed of good sense, and yet a great many of them close their eyes to the great cause of drunkenness — bar-rooms. When a man saves his cigar money to buy his wife a new bonnet, and the children new shoes, it indicates a spell of sunshine. Thinking Farmers. The opinion stiU lingers in the minds of many of the ignorant that any fool can be a farmer. Once the notion was universal. Any fool can follow a plow by holding on to the tail, and any fool can plant whatever and whenever he sees his neighbor planting. But to call this farming, or such unthinking ani- mal a farmer, is to libel the first and noblest calling of man. The truth is, as the world ia beginning to understand it, it takes as much brains, and brains of as fine quality, to make a first-rate farmer, as it does to make a first- rate specimen of any other business, learned or unlearned. Now we know that none but a man with a cood share of live brains can make a first rate farmer. A new era has been inaugurated in the farming world — the era of thinking farmers. The time has gone by when farmers live by main strength and ignorance. The strength is still needed, but it must be directed by thought. Henceforth, farmers will have to use their heads as well as their hands. The old dig and drudge, hap-hazard mode must give place to labor saving machinery, and an intelligent application of the laws of nature to the wants of the farm. The first step, and the hardest, is for farm- ers to learn to think. It is always much easier to work than to think. Indeed, it is astonishing how little real thinking is done in this world, in the ordinary course of working Ufe. We are not disposed to quarrel with the general results of the system that prevailed under the old regime. Perhaps it was the best that the labor of that time was capable of working. Undoubtedly an immense deal of work was done, as the wealth accumulated was ample proof. But the work was almost exclusively that of man and mule muscles, and not at all the work of brains. But the day of exclusive muscle farming is passed. Henceforth there must be brain work as well. Machinery of all kinds must be called in to save labor. As a consequence, the labor that is used must be more intelligent, better skill- ed. But neither machinery nor improved labor can be introduced or used profitably, or with satisfaction, by unthinking farmers. Henceforth a farmer must not only know how to work himself, but how to direct others. He must be a man of thought as well as of action. Ho must study closely the climate and soil that he has to work in, and the mar- kets that he has to depend on. He must have the relative values and adaptabilities of the various crops and stocks to his farm, and farm with some definite purpose. He must study out and arrange for himself a rotation of crops adapted at once to the steady improvement of his farm and remuneration of himself and his laborers. And when this rotation is decided upon, he needs must keep his thoughts busy about the numberless little details that make up the current work on a farm. He must plan work ahead for all kinds of weather, so that no crop shall suffer for waiting on other work, that there shidl be no conflicting crops; and all the time the farmer must be steadily advancing in knowledge as well as in experi- ence; in judgment as well as practice. The fruits of such a system will be the manifold increase of all the products of the farm, and the elevaticm of the calling of the farmer to its legitimate rank and dignity. For the full ripening of these fruits, we must needs deiu'iid on time and the young men. The best of the old fanners can but in- dift'erently and with uitticulty adapt thi'inselves to new ways; while the majority of those who have passed the uuridian of life must, of ne- cessity, contiu\ie as they have begun. But in the young men of the farm we have full faith. They will catch the spirit of the age, and with a force of young blood, will develop the ground wealth of this goodly land beyond the most sanguine dream of any muscle far- mer that ever lived. This is the work set for thinking farmers. — Furai Sun. .:^^^^^^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. §i!3(i(uUuvc» SQif-Sustalning Fish Culture. ''E understand ther telling me that whenever she takes a little whisky and water or brandy and water, because the child is fractious, and she finds that her milk agrees with it better, I am obliged to ask her if she knows what shi' is doing — if she knows that she is simjily mak- ing herself the medium for distilling into her babe's system almost the whole of that sjiirit which she takes into her own, and whether she is aware that that sootlied condition of the child is really the first stage of druuken- ness. The fact is, the Ijaby is only the inliii- itely more sensitive extension of tlie mother's system; and it is more likely than any other part of the mother's systi'in to receive the things that are injurious that are taken through the medium of the mother's diet. Well, now, ladies, bear that in mind when you are told to take wine, or beer, or brandy; understand that you are merely distilling that wine, spirit and beer into your child's frame; that the very mould which that child is to preserve for the rest of its life is being con- structed out of blood that is alcoholized— out of a condition of the system in which intoxi- cation is the real substantial element for the first twelve months of its growth. I ask those of you who may have thought it your duty to recommend young women who do not know better than to take those things, wheth- er that is not a grave and important fact for you to think of? And who is there among us whose duty is less than that of a woman? It is said that the man is the head of the house- hold ; but all women who are worth anything practically, stand at the helm and guide their husbands by a silent influence which always asserts its sway, if she is a wise and good woman. Look at the iutluence which a woman can exert over her husband, who is often weaker than herself in those matters, for he has to come in contact with men of the gross- est and lowest natures in trade and out in the world. Just ask yourselves if it is not the duty of women always to refine and ethereal- ize man, and she does so if she be a good, true and noble woman. Look, again, at the in- fluence which woman is to have upon the next generation. Who is it that is to make the next generation? Is it the men?- No; it is the women. It is the everyday life of the mother that forms the mind of her son, and that forms the very instincts of her daughter, up from eight, nine, yes, to almost any age, while she has unalloyed influence for the first ten years in framing the constitutions and in moulding the minds of those children, though, perhaps, we do not always realize this truth so fully as we might. — Hciena; of Ihallh. The Gentle Dignity of Woman. — There is in particular, says the Saturdai/ Heview,th'it soft dignity which belongs to women who are affectionate by nature and timid by tempera- ment, but who have a reserve of self-respect that defends them against themselves as well as against others. These have a quiet dig- nity, tempered by much fweetness of speech and manner, that is the lovliest kind of all, and the most subtle as well as the most beau- tiful. They are like the lady in Comus, and seem to cast the spell of respect on all with whom they are associated. No man, save of the coarsest fibre, and such as only physical strength can control, could be rude to them in word or brutal in deed; for there is some- thing about them very indefinite, but very strong withal, which seems to give them special protection from insolence; and a loving woman of soft manners, whose mind is pure, and who respects herself, is armed with a power that none but the vilest can despise. This is the -vomau who gets a precise obedi- ence from her servants without ex.acting it, and whose children do not dream of disputing her wishes; who, though so gentle and afi'able, stops short of that kind of familiarity which breeds contempt, and with whom no one takes a liberty. For this, one can scarcely give a reason. She would not romp or rave if she were displeased, she would not scold, she would not strike; but there is a certain quality in which we may not be able to fa- miliarize, yet which would make us ashamed to pass beyond the boundaries of the strictest respect, and which restrains others less criti- cal than ourselves as certainly as fear. WoM.tN's Spending Money. — Do men ever consider the business relation which man and wife sustain toward each other? Do they ever look at marriage as a partnership, in which the wife is all e(|ual member, entitled to her just share of the net profits? I kiiow they do not. And yet, the true, loyal wife has her full share of the duties to perform, ainl sometimes more tliaii her share. There is nothing which a wife, and more especially a young wife, hates to do more than to ask her husband for money, even though it be but a dollar or two. It is humiliating to be compelled to beg for pin money, or four bits to buy a ribbon for her hair, or a few but- tons, or a few yards of muslin. A woman sees many little things in the store which she would like to have, and which would not cost as much as a man's cigars for a single day, but she sighs, and resolves to do without, rather than ask for the money. Perhaps she secretly resolves to take in washing, or sew- ing, or do some kind of fancy work in order to earn a little money of her own, to do with just as she pleases. This is not always owing to the man's stinginess, or to his lack of means, but of- tener to his forgetfulness and want of care. It is true some women are extravagant, and would spend the money foolishly. But no true wife would go beyond her husband's means, and I may, I think, assert that as a rule, women are more economical than men. If we see a mechanic's wife with a new, fine bonnet, we open our eyes and say what ex- travagance! But do we consider that proba- bly the man who professes such astonishment smokes that amount away in a week or two, and no remark is made of that? A woman jiays three dollars for a pair of shoes, while her husband has a bill in his pocket for a ten dollar pair of boots. A woman pays twenty dollars for a very nice suit, and makes it up herself. Her husband pays thirty or forty for a fine suit, and thinks he got it very cheap. So that after all, a woman can dress well, and yet not spend as much money as a man. But what I was going to say is, that men should remember the partnership existing, and after the company expenses are paid, call in the other partner and declare a dividend. Give the wife her share of the profits, and I will guarantee that she not only clothes her- self and her children in good style, but will lay by something for a rainy day. — JUiimie Carrol. The Society of Women. — No society is more profitable, because none more refining and provocative of virtue, than that of refined and sensible woman. Her beauty will win, her gentle voice invite, and the desire of her favor persuade men's sterner souls to leave the path of sinful strife for the ways of pleasant- ness and peace. But when woman falls from this blest eminence, and sinks the guardian and cherisherof jjure and rational enjoyments into the vain coquette and flattered idol of fashion, she is unworthy of an honorable mau's admiration. We honor the chivalrous deference which is paid in our land to woman. It proves that our men know how to respect virtue and pure affection; and that our women are worthy of such respect. Yet woman should be some- thing more than mere woman to win lis to their society. To be our companions, they should be fitted to be our friends; to rule our hearts, they should be deserving the approba- tion of our minds. There are many such, and that there are no more is rather the fault of our own sex than their own; and despite all the unmanly scandals that have been thrown upon them in prose and verse, they would rather share in the rational conversation of men of sense than listen to the silly compli- ments of fools, and a man dishonors them, as well as disgraces himself, when he seeks their circle for idle pastime, and not for the im- provement of his mind and the elevation of his heart. The fences of the United states aie said to be valued at upwards of $1,800,000,000, and it costs every year more than $98,000,000 to keep them in repair. The (pialities that make the ladies and gen- tlenu'u are qualities of the soul, and there is no monopoly or exclusive right to these. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. FINE MEKINOS FINE POULTRY- ETC. We have visited tbe Watkins farm, Santa Clara, to look at the fine sheep which our readers will notice advertised in this issue. Mr. Watkins is better known as a fruit-raiser than a fine stock man, having for many years been engaged ia growing a fine orchard and vineyard and producing excellent fruit. His farm adjoins the large and noted Gould or- chard, and also the fine park belonging to Mr. Pierce, which everyone who has visited Santa Clara will be likely to remember. There are few finer places in the State than Mr. Watkins' farm, and probably no better sheep than the thoroughbred Merinos he is breeding. We examined the fleeces of many of his rams, and finer wool cannot be found. The sheep are all remarkably fine, healthy, strong and Lively, but docile and good na- tured. It is wonderful how select breeding will cover the entire limbs and body with su- perior wool. Some of these sheep have heavy wool from the very tips of the feet to the ends of their noses. The pastures and yards and sheds are all conveniently and well arranged for the business of breeding sheep, and Mr. W. we found to be an enthusiast in his favor- ite employment. The prices of breeding rams range from §30 to $60 each; owes about the same price. The pedigrees of these sheep are excellent, as can be seen by the statement made in the advertisement. We are pleased to observe a growing inter- est manifested by our farmers generally in all sorts of fine stock. But as much as we were entertained by Mr. W. and with his magnifi- cent herds, he could not monopolize our en- tire attention while Sirs. W. was anxious to have us take a look at her FANCY FOWLS. As we walked with her from yard to yard and noticed how much interested she was in the chickens, old and yonng, how well she understood their natures and wants, and how kind and almost motherly she was to her pets, we wished that those persons who know this Udy-like woman only as a leading "woman's Tighter," and who imagine her to be "un- sexed, " as the term is usually applied, could but observe her at home, that they might form a truer estimation of her womanly character and disposition. It is not for us to criticize or make remarks about any one, but we will say, on general principles, in vindication against common prejudice towards ladies who favor giving the franchise to their sex, that we have almost invariably found them in their domestic relations to be refined, intelligent, and the most womanly of women, with enough of good sense to be able to manage a kitchen, rear a family of children, and make home attractive outside and in. Mrs. W. has silver spangled Hamburgs, the prettiest chicks to our notion in the world, and hardy breeders and good layers. Also White Leghorns and Brown Leghorns, said to be the best layers in the world. They are active birds, and do best where they can have a wide range. Two Leghorn hens, by them- selyes, have laid since February 12 to May 21 eight dozen and ten eggs, or about an egg a day on the average. This breed is non-sit- ting. They will cluck a few days after laying a litter, but do not offer to sit, and soon com- mence laying again. Two Brahma hens, in tbe same time laid five dozen and eight eggs, or only about five-eights as many as the Leg- horns. Here we saw the smallest Bantams that we ever noticed. They are good layers, producing eggs about half the size of common hen's eggs. They are a very pretty fancy fowl, and stand upon their belligerent dignity till other fowls let them alone. We will not forget to mention the Aylesbury ducks, pure white, which are remarkable for laying and growing. They will average one egg a day eight months in the year, with plentiful feed- ing. The young get their growth in four months. Mrs. Watkins believes in and prac- tices full feeding for all her fowls, keeps the yards, roosts and coops clean, gives clean water, and keeps the choicest birds of each sort separate for tggs for pure breeding. The rest are allowed to run together and the eggs are sold os ordinary market eggs. Her prices for the finest fowls are $10 a pair. Mrs. W. keeps a record of all eggs laid, and expenses as well as income, and thinks that she can demonstrate that it pays to keep good fowls and to keep them well. ECLIPSE WIND-MILL. Several of these mills have been erected in San Jose, and are proving to be just the thing. They are probably as perfect self- regulators as were ever invented, and have stood the test for many years. Mr. I. A. Hatch, the agent here, has engaged a good many mills. We went with him out to Mr. G. W. Tarleton's orchard to see a fine mill erected on his place. It was doing splendid work, and Mr. Tarleton, who is himself a natural mechanic and knows what ia and what is not practical, is much pleased with it, and requested us to recommend this as the very best self-regulator made. Mr. Chas. P. Hoag, Nos. 18 and 20 Fremont street, San Francisco, is the general agent for this State, and Mr. Hatch, of San Jose, for Santa Clara county. They attend to tbe erection and fully warrant the mills and their own work. Nearly every farmer needs a good wiud-mUl, and now this dry season is the time to get a good one. 4-m-* ■ GOODENOUGH. There is one institution lately started in San Jose that every one of the farmers and horse owners in this valley should hail with gratification. It is the Goodenough shoeing shop, on Santa Clara street, between First and Second streets, where horses are shod without spoiling the feet — where, in fact, a perfect shoe in every respect is put upon the foot of a horse in a perfect manner. Every horse owner knows that hundreds of good horses are every year nearly ruined by care- less or ignorant shoers, and that many of the "crack shoers" are more conceited than wise. It is a mercy to a horse to have his feet cor- rectly shod, as it is cruelty aggravated to cramp and ruin his feet by the old, imperfect method. Although called new, the Good- enough method has been thoroughly tested, approved and adopted by every society for the prevention of cruelty to animals that has investigated the subject, also by the United States army, and whoever has once tried shoeing by this method will never again go back to the old way, for it is not only in ac- cordance with the anatomy of the horse's foot and true principle, but in practice has been found to be the best, and the only per- fect shoe and system of shoeing ever invented. Good Daiey Stock.— Mr. W. A. Z. Edwards of San Jose, who is a lover of fine cattle, has a small herd of choice Jerseys, one fine four- year-old bull and several cows. While speak- ing on the subject of keeping a good class of milch cows, he had occasion to refer to the notes of his farm book. One item we asked the privilege of copying, in substance, to wit; The amount realized in one year from the sales of butter from seven cows, after supply- ing the wants of the family, was $634 23, and from the sale of seven calves the same year, $3o3, making $987 23 as the product of seven cows in one year. Who can beat that? — Cor. liural Press. PELTON'S S£X-FOZ.D HORSE-POWER HAVING MADE NEW ARRANGEMENTS with MR. McKESZIE, I am prepared to Bupply my Powers to all persons favoring me with their or- ders. All Powers hereafter manufactured can only be obtained of me or my Agents. In future they will be made under my directions and specifications, and nothing but a prime quality of Machinery Iron will be used in their manufacture. I have • reatly improved the application and bracing of my Levers, which will give them ample strength. All Powers fully warranted. For further information send for circulars and price list to S. PBIiTOM', Patentee. ap San Jose, California. LOUIS CHOPARD, mmmi J K W E L I^ E R , And dealer in SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY, &1 Low Figures. na. TVatches and Jewelry carefully repaired. Boom next to WRIUHT'S Photograph Gallery, Santa Clara Street Dr. IT. Klein, Suigeon Dentist A. O. HOOKEB. W. F. GCSCKEI.. ,(}UNcmuoQm,';i';i DENTISTS. 10. Q. T.— GRANGER LODGE, No. 295, meets • eveay MONDAY evening, at 8 o'clock, in their Hall. No 284 Santa Clara street, over the S. J. Savings Bank. Members of sister Lodges and sojoiuming members in good standing are invited to attend. S. B. CALDWELL, W. C. T. JoHX B. Steveks, W. Sec'y. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. HOW TO PAIHT, A New Work by a Practical Painter, depiKned for the use of Tradesuteii, Itlecltaiiics, lUercli- ant8, Fanners, and as a Guide to Professional Painters. Coutaiuinga plain, comraon Bense state- of the rat'thods emi)loyed by PalnterB to rroduce sat- isfactory results in Plain and Fancy Painting- of every deSL-riptiou, iucludiuy; Forutulan* fur Mix- ing Paint in Oil or Water, Toole retiuired, etc. This Ir juRt the Book needed by any person having auj'thiug to paint, and makes '*every Man his own Painter." Full Directinus for UBing Wliite Lead, Lamp- Black, Ivory Black, Prnssian Bine, Ultra- Marine, Green, Yellow, Vermilion, Broivn, Xiake, Carmine, AVliiUnfj, Glne, Pumice Stone, Asplialtum and Spirits of Turpen- tine, Oils, Varnisltes, Furniture Varnisli, Milk Paint, Preparing Kalsomine, PAINT FOE OUT-BUILEIIT&S, WUItewash, Paste for Paper-HanKlnff, Graining in Oak, Itlaiile, Mahogany, Rose- wood, Blarii Walnut; Hanging Paper, Staining, Gliding, Bronzing, Transferring Decalcomania, Making Rustic Pictures, Painting Flo«er-Stand, Mahogany Polish, Roseivood Pollsll, Varnishing Furniture, Waxing Furniture, Cleaning Paint, PAINT FOR FARMING TOOLS, for machinery, and for Household Fixtures. TO PAINT A FARM WAGON, to Re-varnisli a Carriage, to make Plaster Casts. The work is neatly printed, with illustra- tions wherever they can serve to make the subject plainer, and it will save many times its cost yearly. Every family should possess a copy. Price by mail, post-paid, $ I , Address Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, '' SAN JOSE, CAL. Eooms, No. 334 Santa Clara st., San Jose. J^. C. PEB-KIITS, Agent for Santa Clara County. The Singer Sewing ninchinv Conpanv B..1.1, in 1.S73, :-,:t»,m M:u-hUu'B, anil lin,i34: MOUE THAN ANY OTBEil SEWING MACHINE COMPANY. BT" We have a First-class Macbinist employrrt, and make the repairiug of all sorts of SewiiiK Machines a specialty. Old niachiues taken in exchange for new. All work warranted. J. N. SPENCER, Real Estate Agent AND General Auctioneer. -pARMS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION — ■^ Valley and Hill lands— High and Low priced Farms— Farms to suit everybody. Correspondence solicited. Business Chances a specialty. Property of every description bongbt and sold. Houses rented, and Loans negotiated. oc PAINTERVS Manual— House and sign painting. Kramiug. varnisliing, pnlishing, kalsomiuing, pa- pering. Jtc. 50 cents. Honk of Alphabets. .W; Scrolls ant Oniamc.uts, $1; Carpenter's Manual, 50; Watch- maker and .Jeweler. CM; ■['axidermist, fill; Soap-maker 2..; Autlinrship, M; Lightning Calculat.ir, 25; Hunter and Irappcr's Guide, '211; Dog Training, its. Of book- sellers, ..r by mail. JKS8E HANEY iSl CO.. 119 NaB sau street, N. Y. £„ (Successors to A. Phister & Co.) Corner of Second and Santa Clara Sts., HAN JOHE. CAPITAL $100,000. Wm. Erkson, President. H. E. Hills, Manager. Diiectorst "Wm. Erkfion, L. F, Cbipman, Horace Little, C. T. Settle, Thomas E. Snell. J. P. Dudley, Daviil Campbell, Jamo-R Siui^leton, E. A. Braley, 0^" Will do a General Morcantilo BnsinePR. Also, receive depoBlts, on which such interest will be al- b-wed ns may be agreed upon, and make loans on ap- proved secunty. SA-lSr JOSE SAVINGS BAE^K, 280 Santa Clara Street. CAPITAL STOCE . Paid in Capital (Geld Coin) $500,000 $300,000 Officers: President John H.Moore Vice-President S. A. Birhop Caeliier H. H. Eeynoij>s Directorg; John H. Moore, Dr. I! Bryant, H. Mabury, S. A. Bishop, H. H. Reynolds, James Hart, James W. ^Miitiuy. NEW FEATURE: ThiR Bant isenes " Deposit Eeceipts," bearing inter- est at (5. Hand 10 percent \>ev annum; intBrcst payable I'r"niiitly at the end nf six mouthB from date of de- posit. The " Receipt" may be transferred by indorse- ment, and the priuciple with interest paid to holder. Interest also allowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date cf dtjiosit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and s]ticially adapted for the safe-keeping of Bunds, stmKH. Papers. Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at tiidin^'cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gobi or ).'arrcticy. at reasun^blt; rates. Buy and stll Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. FARIVEERS' National Gold Bank OF SAN JOSE. Pnicl iipC'iipilal (Gold Coin). Aut]iorizeF.ALKU IN - STOVES, PUMPS, lEON PIPES. TIN EOOFINa, ETC., ETC. 385 FIUST ST., near Central Market. SAN JOSK. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. T-u-stia's Patent WIUD- MILLS iSi^ — AN1> — HORSE-POWERS. Factory — Corner Market and ■; ,p lieal StB., San Francisco, ft-f^- Soad for DESCECTIVE CIECtn,AES. % W. I TUSTIIV, PATENTEE, THE PARKER GUM. SEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR PARKER BROS WEST MERIDEN.CT. THE NEW IMPEOVED Side Feed and Back Food. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOST SIM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKEL If there is a FLORENCE MACHINE within one thousand miles of San Fran- cisco not working well, I will fix it with- ont any expense to the owner. SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Street, GKAKD UOTEL Bl'lLDIKG, «AN FRAKOI«00. THE Jackson Wagons Are known to bo T£CZ: BEST FARM XVAeOIVS Sold on this Coast. Snhl iiiiite as low as the very many poor ones otTtTod for wale. Wo warrant them for two years. For nale in San Jose at San Frautisco prices by HiLskell *!t Mott, Agents, corner of ThirJ and Santa Clara streets. J. D. ARTHUR & SON, Intiiortt^TH, San Francisco. HUBBARD & GO'S OglFirst Street, pel Ww« SAN JOSE. ^84 lEAT ARKET SHERMAN & HYDE, Cor. Kearny and Suffer Sfs. saw FRANCISCO, WHOLESALE AND BETAIL DEALERS IN SHEET MUSIC, Musical Instruments, MUSICAL MERCHAKDISE, Orders from the Interior promptly filled, MANtTFACTUREES OF THB Acknowledged by Musicians to be the Best LoW l?riced lustruments ever offered for sale on tills Coast. THE UNEQUALLED These Superb Instruments have achieved a BucceKs unparalleled in the history of Piano-fort© Manufacture. Tliry are remarkable for Great Volume, Purity Olid Sweetness of Tone, and Durability. The T^rnst nefiirable Instruments in the market for cliunh and parlur. Over 28,000 now in use. SHERMAN & HYDE, GENEIIAT, AGENTS, SAN FEANCISCO. Zioclse (& Mozitague, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN !■][ Stoves, ' ' Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware Sc. 112 and 114 Battery Street SAN FRANCISCO. WM. SHEWS NEW mmmm immmi H5 KEARXY ST.. SAN FRANCISCO. This well known '*Palare of Art," formerly lo- cated in Montgomery 8t., No. 417. is now on Koamy St., No. 115 and has no connection with any other. Strangers visiting the City will find it for their interest to patronize this establishment for any kind of picture from Minature to Life Size. N. B. The very best Uembraudt Cards Album pize $ per^doz. equal to any that cost $4 on Montgomery St.; other sizes equally low in proportion. ap P. "^77. Heardon c& Co. o (D tl Jj o •-1 liiglit and Hea-»'yWag'on8, Express Waggons, Top and Open Bu^fifies, Catrriaf^es, Rocka^vays, Gigs and Baroiifli4*s. ADE OF THE VERY BEST ASSORTED MA- tt/rial. All work warranted. Jobbing uf a] 1 kinds. M Painting, Trimminj, Blachmitliin^, and Woud Work. na^Ordera -ivlll receive Prompt Attention. R. S. THOMPSON, NAPA, CAI.. IMPORTER AND BREEDER OF THOROUGH-BRED BERKSHIRE SWINE. SANIA CLARA VALLEY DRTTG STOS.E, 300 Miiiita Clnrn sircot, Op- posite tlie Convent, SAN JOSE, O'OHIlf D. SCOTT, IVE.D., Phi/sician and Driigi/ist. C. S. Crydenwise, Carriage: blikek, pioxkkr car- riage Shop. 314 Second Stbeet, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alley. SAN JOSE. Ag-ent for Fish Bro. 's Wagons . SANTA CLARA TAUUEEY. JACOB EBERHARDT, Peoprietoe. AIX KINDS OF LEATHER. SHEEP SKINS, AND WOOL. Highest price paid for Sheep Skins, Tal- low, Wool, etc. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Eclipse Wind-MiUs are the Perfect Self-Eegnlatora Blacksmith. Patent Tire-Setter. Stoves, Kitchen Utensils. Groceries, Provisions, Family Supplies. Antor)io Damor\te, Santa Clara Valley CAFDY FACTORY, Wholesale and Retail. No. 233 Hensley Block, Santa Clara St., San Jose. B. A. Hatch, San .lose, HaB the af^'iicy of tho ECLIPSE WIND -MILLS I'or Santa Clara county, And erects tbem with his own hands, and gniiruntoin perffi'tHiitiKfai tiuii ur no pay. Exct'Ucnt referenceH t,'iven and working mills shown on application. U^ For description, sue paye \iS May No. Oal. AGRicuLTtiBiBT. my JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, I'ioneer Blacksmith and Carriage Shop. Balbacli^s New Brick, cor. Sec- ond Kt. and Foniitain Alley, SAN JOSE. Agent for Fii^h Bro.'s Wagons. New Work and repairing of Agricultural Implements, etc. West's American Tire-Setter, FRED. KLEIN, S T O A^ E S, SHEET-IRON, Copper, Tinware, Iron Pumps, Kitchen Utensils, Celebrated Peerless Stoves. 3;J7 Santa Clara St , Nenr PuBtottice. San Jose. WM. FISCHER. Fresh [}E9CmES,FR0VIS!0NS, Hardware, Etc., Etc., BOUGHT LOW, — AND — FOR SAZiE CHEAP, — AT— No. 294 Santa Clara Street, Near Spring & Cu's Auction Store, SAN JOSE. Everyhody that knows "WM. FISCHER (and ha is well known] will tes- tify that his GuudK aro The Bf St and the (!lieapcst in Town. L. HOUEIET & CO., Importers and wholesale and rotail dealers In WATCHES, CLOfRS, DIAMO^iUS, JEWELRY, Silver and Plated "Ware. Utyndviu'/, in'oiniii\y and iiLfttly donr. No. 324 Santa Clara Street, Box 743. San JoBO. njy NO THE BEST IN THE WOULD. HOUSEKEEPER CAN MAKE SWEET AND WHOLESOME BREAD WITHOUT IT. This well-known and long- established YEAST POW- DER is now in ta'eat demand. Sales increasing daily. Now "JT) gross per day to the trade. D. CALLAGHAN, now f;ole manufacturer and proprietor, uses no drugs — no bnne dnst: purcwhite Cream of Tai'tar, impnrted direct and ground on the premises, being the chief in- gredient. Always on hand and for sale at lowest prices: Callafichan^s Yeast Powder, in 1 lb cans, a su. perior article. Calla^lian^s Cream of Tartar, In all styles of packages. Callagtian^s Pnre En^rlish Bi-carbonate of Soda and Saleratus, FOR SALE BY ALL GROCERS. — ALSO — Cream of Tartar Crystals and English Bi- carbonate of Soda, in ke^^s. FOR SALE BY D. CALLAOHAN & CO., MANUFACTUEERS, my] No. 131 Front Street, San Prancsclo. JUNE. 1 s. M. T. w. T. F. s. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 w^iuc A. i.x:v(rxs, Watch-maker and Jeweller, No. 309 First Street, SAN JOSE. R. C. Kirby & Co., TANITEB.S! Wholesale Dealers. OFFICE I 402 and 404 Battery St., San Francisco. E. J. WILCOX, Wiicox Block, So.lO 4 First St., SAZ«r JOSE, CAI.. California and Eastmi Made BOOTS AND SHOES, A Large and Superior Assortment. ^o. 394 First Street, Wilcox Bluck. San Joee. ''Phase Valves are thesim- X pltrht and most perfect in construc- tii)n cImkk of readers, and the neat and convenient form, rembrH this Journal a choice medium for reaching the attention of the EDITORIAL NOTES. Save the straw and chaff, stack or cover it iu a safe place. It will be needed after the first fall raius destroy the dry feed. If you haye no stock of your own, you can make money by saving the straw this season. And so long as it will be needed, it is wicked to burn it, as has too long been the custom. The young man who inquires what sort of trade he can learn, or business he can go into, where he will not meet with enough comjie- titiou to discourage him, is advised to learn how to ijractice strict honesty and integrity through life in every respect. He won't bo likely to find enough compdUum among mankind generally to hurt him or discourage him iu this practice very much. The fruit crop is short this season. Our principle orchards will not produce over half to two-thirds of a crop on an average. The severe spring frosts caused many aiiples and pears to fall before they were half-grown, by injuring the fruit in blossom. All kinds of fruit have commanded higher prices than for several years before. The prices in the mar- kets are so high as to debar poor peoxile from purchasing. The San Jose fruit-canning factory (Daw- son & Co.) seems to bo doing a large business. They were employing some 135 persons jiut- ting up apricots the day we visited the factory. Their fruit costs them on an average about twice what it did last year. But thoy have established a reputation that demands all they can put up — and, we are glad to say, have done so by deserving it. The Alden factory will probably nnt do much, as there will bo but little fruit to dry. This month has added another new corres- psndent to the Household and Domestic col- umns of our journal. We wish the farmers would take as much interest in other depart- ments as the wives and daughters do in theirs — or at least were as good at corresponding. But we (ire glad the ladies are bound to have a good paper, and we are determined to en- courage them, for the best part of every farm is, or should be, in and about the house. The late rain did more injury to the dry feed in stubble fields and pastures than to grain and hay. The dry feed in our climate is of as much importance as are the green pastures of the Atlantic States. Grass dried up very early this season, and the two da.y8' rain dissolved away much of the gum and and sugar, the soluble portion of the feed, but it did not rot the feed as badly as a long con- tinued rain would have done. Another rain would set the stock to hunting for something to eat. And now politics run high. The popular and reform ideas of the jjeople find expression through "platforms." Whether politicians will continue to delude the people, as they have always done, by reiterating the dem.and for reform; or whether the people, as they should do, will throw politicians overboard, and vote only for modest, good and 2)ure men, irrespective of party, remains to bo seen. You have the tables sjjread before you, and can swallow the whole bills of fare or take your choice of the dishes. It is your own stomach, not our, that you must consult. An Act Concerning Koads and Highways in Santa Clara County — a 19-page pamphlet — contains much that will be found interesting to the public. It can be found on our table by those wishing to see it. We quote the fol- lowing: No stock of any kind whatever shall bo al- lowed to pasture upon any highway. Any person or persons who shall wilfully cut down or injure any living tree planted or preserved as a shade or ornamental tree, either iu or upon the border of any public road, shall be guilty of malicious mischief. Persons causing water to flow ui>on or im- pair any public highway shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. A road not worked or used for a period of five ye.ars ceases to be a highway. Colt-Breaking. — During the last two months we have been stopping on a f.arm some five miles from town, and have had occasion to break four different horses to the saddle — the last one a wild colt. It is a little risky, unless one takes every advantage of the horse, instead of being taken advantage of by him. The nature of the horse we have made a pi-ac- tical study for many years. If only one side of a Iku'sc is trained, he will be as wild on the other side as though he never knew train- ing. If you gentle three of his legs and ne- glect tho other one, don't take hold of the uneducated log too confidently. Every mo- tion, every word that you wish the horse to know or bo familiar with, must bo repeated, gently, but firmly. Get the horses confidence first, then keep his confidence with kindness and consistent treatment; and remember that the horso knows just what he learns, good or bad, and no more, and he remembers every trick, good or bad, also, that he ever learns. It is easier to educate a green colt than to break an old horse of bad faults. It is said that bad luck runs in streaks. It does look like it sometimes. We have known several cases where misfortune fol- lowed misfortune, which the recipients there- of could in no way foresee or avoid. We do not regard such things as alw.ays sent for punishment, but are willing to accept the theory that even evils can be made to subserve a good end if we do not succumb to them, but with a high faith in the power of right, put forth energy of goodness to triumph. Thd soul's growth in weathering great tria'sis bet- ter than riches, more lasting than friendship, and as eternal as life eternal itself. A WORD TO OUR YOUNG FOLKS. A happy greeting to all. We wish to be- come better acquainted with you, and to en- .able you to form an acquaintance with each other through these columns, in order that you may assist each other iu attaining an ele- vated plane of civilization and usefulness. We invite you all to write short ancles for the Boys and Girls Department, and to take a special interest in its success. Tell us where you live, what you are doing, and how you are doing it, in as plain language as you can use. Keep your eyes and ears open. Strive to understand the cause of things. In con- versation and writing, select the best words, reject all slang phrases, and strive to learn the true definition of words. There is no study that will aid you more fully in becom- ing a good talker, speaker or writer. Shun all bad habits and practices, especially drink- ing intoxicating liquors, the use of tobacco, profane and vulgar language, etc. These things, to say the least, will not elevate and refine either young or old, and in very many instances demoralize and degrade both old and young. "Avoid the appearance of evil," is a safe injunction. Be kind, truthful and courteous at home and at school, and when you enter society you ivill become useful, be- loved and respected by all. Un'cle Ben. A DESERVING YOU NO MAN. Our readers will notice that Mr. Gaston has entered into co-partnership with Dr. Mene- fee, dentist. Several years since, the young man entered Dr. Menefee's office as student and assistant, and it speaks well for him that he has so gained the esteem of his employer. Any young man might be proud of such a connection. Mcnefee & Gaston have already the confidence of tho public as first-class dent- ists, and ai-e as well prepared to give perfect satisfaction in dental work as any dentists in (his State. A great temperance revival took place lately iu the tJathoIic church of Council lilulls, Iowa. Many could not gain admittance. In response to the fervent appeal of the priests, over four huntlred and fifty signed the pledge, and the work is still going on. — Tlw \V(stern Weekly. Subscribe for tho Aumcni-TUiasT. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^octnn Don't Leave the Farm. i-OME, boys I have Bometliing to tell you, ^Comt! near, I woiiUl whispor it luw: You are thinking of leaving the houieBtead, Don't be in a hurry to go. The city hae mauy attractions. But think of the vices and einel When once iu the vortex of fashion, How soon the course downward begins. Tou talk of thfi mines of AuBtralia, They're wealthy in gold, without doubt. But, ah! there is t,'old in the farm, boye, If only you'll shovel it out. The mercantile life is a hazard, The goods are first high, and then low, Better risk the old farm a while longer — Don't be in a hurry to go. The great, stirring world has inducementa, There is many a busy mart, Bvit wealth is not made in a day, boys. Don't be in a hurry to start. The bankers and brokers are wealthy. They take in their thousandi^ or so; Ahl thinR of the frauds and deceptions- Don 't be in a harry to go. The farm is the safest and surest, The orchards are loaded to-day; You're free as the air of the mountains. And mojiarch of all you survey. Better stay on the farm a while longer. Though profits should come ratht'r slow; Bemember you've nothing to risk, boyb— Don't be in a hurry to go I Cottage Music. When the cottage door is open, and the air is bright and clear, Then the sound of children's laughter echoes on the listening ear. And the fall of little footsteps, pattering on the rustic fluor. Gently lures the tired wookman to his peaceful honae once more. Oh, the music of young voicesi oh, the tuneful little feet I How thty rise and fall together, keeping time in ca- dence swee*^^; Like the ever-moving planets that make harmony above, Lo the happy notes of childhood vibrate on the chords of love. On the settee sits the grandsire, with bis eyes so old and dim. That the little sunny faces seem like fading dreams to hira; But he hears their merry TOices, and it almost makes him young, As he tries to catch themeaxung of each little prattling tongue. Oh, the merry laughing voices, how melodiously they tlow, Bringing to the old man's memory happy days of long ago, When he, too, could shout with gladness, when ho, too. was bright and bold, Long before his children's children told him how the world grew old. And the music of young voices, long as this fair earth shall last, Will re-link the joyous present with the half-forgotten past; And the ring of little footsteps, pattering on the cot- tage floor. Will be heard the wide world over, till there shall be time no more. — [Christian Weekly. The World is What We Make It. I've seen some people in this life Who always are repining. Who never, never yet could seel The storm-cloud's silver lining. Tht-re always something is amiss. From sunrise to its setting; That Ciod's hand made thtir map of life, They seem the. while forgetting. And I have seen a blessed sight To sin-beclouded vision. Some people who. where'er they be, Make eartli seem an Elysium. They always see the brightest side — The direful shadows never — And ktep the flowers of hope in bloom Within their heai-ts forever. The one can make the sunniest day Seem wondrous sad and dreary; The other smiles the clouds away And makes a dark day cheery. This life of ours is, after all, About as we shall make it. If we can banish grief and care, Let's haste to undertake it. Life's Lessons. BT 80PB1A ANDREWS. The laughing hours of childhood Too quickly pass away. Like some bright dream departing, Which leaves no cheering ray. No cheering ray within our hearts, Now filled with anxious cares; Wo grieve for life's realities Come on us unawares. The young heart, unacquainted With the dangers of the world. Goes forth to meet its terrors. With Hope's fair flag unfurled. The path which leads to evil Is tempting, bright vud fair; We do not see the serpent Who coils in ambush there. Then bitter disappointment, With all its withering train. Has crushed the spirit's brightness — Twill never bo the same. Then laughing eyes forget to smile And blooming cheeks grow pale; Our eheriahed hopes are all o'erthrown And tell their own sad tale. And thus it is with those who live In this dark world of ours; Too oft they grasp the cypress wreath Concealed amid the fluwers. Then let us in life's morning, When life itself is new; Be ever watchful, waiting. With one bright end iu view. Centennial, BYWM.nOSB WALLACB. Hurrah I Hurrah ! We love the Law That gives alone true station; Since he began, •Tis work makes man Companion in creation; Aud, O can he More noble tw Than out 'mid Nature's forces While God's eyes see His harmony, With Setdtime's, Harvest's, courses? Brothers, hun-ah For love of Law, And it 't could have more growing, O, sure it shall — Centennial Is almost on us glowing 1 A hundred years Of Miud's, Arm's, spheres For millions have been rolling; Joy! Freedom's Bell, Exulting swell I All earth hears thy grand tolling. Then let us make With Plow, Hoe. Rake, This year yield Cbown ovation Upon our sod Unto the God Of Freedom's and Work's Nation, 'Hayseed." Timothy and millet seed, Kedtop and clover. Scatter them broadcast. Sow 'em all over. Powdered with hayseed, Brown locks aud fair, Cute little barley straws, SticRiug everywhere. Hurrah for hayseed! How it makes them stare. Timothy and millet seed. Red top aud clover, Sengs of running brooks. Lays of the plover, Odors of hay mows. Gold of the corn. Hayseed will rule the world. Sure as you are burn; Ring the bell for hayseed. Toot the mellow horn I Timothy aud millet seed, Redtop and clover; Grangers everywhere All the country over; Hark! to the wild goose Heralding the spring. All his song is " Hayseedl" Hear the arches ring. Ajnen, to Hayseed; Hayseed is king! I —[Mrs- M. C. Clarke. Several fruit-dealers iu Portland, Me., are sending apples to Kurope, receiving twelve dollars a barrel. Honor to Our Workmen. Whom shall we call our heroes? To whom our praises singf The pampered child of fortunei The titled lord or king ? They live by others' labor — Take all and nothing give; The noblest type of manhood Are those who work to live. Then honor to our workmen. Out hardy sons of toil — The heroes of the workshop, And monarchs of the soil. Who spans the earth with iron, And rears the palace dome? Whu creates for the rich man The comforts of a homo ? It is the patient toilerl All honor to him then; The true wealth of the nation Is iu her working men. For many barren ages Earth hit' honor On Labor from her birth. In every angel flower That blossoms from the sod. Behold the Master touches — The handiwork of God! Then honor to our workmen, The hardy sons of toil— The heroes of the workshops And mouarchs of the soil I Good Farmer James* If you had known good Farmer James, Whose life in ways of labor ran, You would have known of sterling wortU- The virtues of an honest man. He never traveled far away; A foreign shore he ne'er had seen. And all his life was humbly passed Where his forefathers' lives had been. His fields were ample for his wish. And yielded crops, with some to spare For those whose lives were sorrowful With sickness, poverty, and care; For 'twas bis pleasure to assist In every way the worthy poor. And when the suffering came his wa7 No bolt was found upon the door. Yet idleness ne'er found a friend In Farmer Jame.. Sloth was a vice. And carelessness and levity Were wrong and sinful in his eyes. His was the ever-constant aim To help his fellows all he could. And ne'er was he so happy as When to his neighbors doing good. His life was simple from the first. And when it ripened to its close. And he was laid away, for him No word but that uf praise arose; For he had left a legacy Richer than gold and jewels prove— A legacy of honest worth, Of noble actions, and of love. The Joy of Doing Good- If thou wouldst know the purest joy That e'er suffused the soul of man, Or deep within his bosom burned — Pure, beaveu-boru joy without alloy — Go forth where only God can scan The act; go where His love is spurned. And where His peace is never known, Aud take a fallen brother's hand In thine, and lead him to the Light, Do this because thy love has grown More like the Master's, truly grand. And He whose omnipresent sight Beaches beyond all mortal ken, Down to the depths of every heart. Will see the hidden motive there. If for His sake ye do it, then A joy which seems of heaven a part Shall give thee peace beyond compare. It is better to be flush in the pocket than in the face. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. A MILPITAS FARM. Who has not heard of llilpitas? We take it for granted that everybody knows all about the place. We took a stroll over that way lately and visited the fine-slock farm of Chas. Clark. Mr. Clark is breeding Short-horn cattle, Berkshire swine, and also has some fine farm horses. A yonng stud, sired by Ben Franklin, and out of a fine bay mare be- longing to Mr. Clark, the pedigree of which we do not remember, is a likely looking ani- mal, will weigh about 1,400 jjounds, and is just the sort of stock a farmer needs — not too heavy to be active, and with strength to work as well as a gait to travel on the road. His color is a dappled brown chestnut. The price of service, $20. Mr. C. has not a poor or ordinary looking cow on his place, while he has some very fine ones. He finds it more profitable to raise good stock, in fact, the best he can get; and to that point he went East last year and, in company with Mr. Emerson, of Mountain View, brought out several head of Short-horns of the Duchess strain of blood. His two- yeai'-old bull, Duke of Manchester, is cer- tainly a beauty, as well as of a fii'st-class ped- igree. We give here the pedigree of this bull that all can see for themselves the strain of blood. The price for service of common or graded cows is $10, and for pure-bred Short- horn cows, $20. DUKE OF MANCHESTER: Red: oalYcil 33 Febraary. 1873; got by Sheriff f'J'.i'.ir.i) , [ShiTiff is now owned by S. B. Emerson, ]\lountain View.] Dam Dui-hess of York 3d by Moreton Duke, 5225, — Duchess of York by 11th Dukeof Oxford, 1506, — Eugenie by Grand Turk (129G9) , — Diicliess of Norfolk by Duke of Norfolk (5052) . — Duchess by 4th Duke of Northumberland (364',l) , — Duchess by Red Hisbflyer (2488) , — Duchess by Sir Charles (51411) , — by Harry Lorrequer (3985) , — by Blucher (841, — bv Magnnin Eonum (4322), — bv Styford (103), — by Son of T. Wetherall's Bull (r,90). We will also append pedigrees of his two fine imported cows. It will be noticed that they are nearly related to the bull. The ped- igrees run into the same blood as the bull back to where the list of dams ends. Mr. Clark thinks his stock will bear close breeding. He says this is the way to keep families pure, and that the high prices obtained for Duchess cattle never would have been realized had they not been carefully in-bred. DDCHESS OF YORK 13tu: Ked; calved 21st Febru- ary, 1873: got by Sheriff (299G4), Dam Duchess of York 9th by Knight of Canada [738], 6243, — Duchess of York 5th by 12th Duke of North- umberland 4744, — Duchess of York 2d by Stone's Grand Duke of Oxford 4402, — Duchess of York b» 11th Duke of Oxford 1506. DUCHESS OF YORK ir>Tn: Roan; calved 6th of May, 1873; got by Sheriff (29964). Dam Duchess of York 5th by 12th Duke of Northum- berland. 4744. Mr. C. has some or the Col. Younger "tho- roughbreds," but always enters them as "grades" at the fairs. They are fine-looking cattle, but not up to the perfection of points which fine-stock breeders ilemand. For some years Mr. C. has been breeding Berkshire swine. Ho has now some good looking sows and pigs, but gives little atten- tion to them, as ho says it does not pay to breed fine pigs for sale. Last fall ho re- turned from exhibitions at fairs and at once altered some fine boars, as there appeared to bo no demand for such stock at paying prices. But, he says, in a few weeks he had more or- ders for hogs than he could fill. So much for getting discouraged at a legitimate busi- ness. MR. CLAKK's FAKM is worthy of some notice, as it is a represen- tative of the better class of farms in that sec- tion. He has some over a hundred acres. The soil is black, rich adobe. Such soil can be plowed when soaking wet, and when dry will slack and crumble fine in the furrow. There is a good deal of land of this character around the bay. This farm is fenced into several fields, the largest of which contains thirty-three acres. Near the house he has a strawberry patch and family orchard of about five acres. From this, irrigated by an artesian well and horse-power, he receives considera- ble profit each year, besides family supplies. Too many farmers neglect this portion of home farming. Mr. Clark's SYSTEM OF FARMING, as to routine, is somewhat similar to that of Mr. Emerson, which we naiTated last winter. He sows a field to grain two years, then cuts two crops of volunteer hay, pastures one or two years, then crops to grain again. Mean- time the same fields are used for pasture every season several months, or from the time the hay or grain is taken ofl' until the next crop is put in. Land left to volunteer is not even harrowed. He can plow either deep or shal- low and get good crops. He uses all the manure, applying to the surface. He finds that it takes at least two years of constant pasturage to clean foul lands suitable for a crop of grain. He goes over his pastures with a scythe to cut down each year such weeds as the cattle do not destroy to prevent them from scattering seeds. One of the finest crops of HAT, and some of the best that we have seen, is now stacked on Mr. Clark's farm. From less than thirty acres there are one hundred tons of fine hay, cut in season and stacked before the late rain. Mr. C. gave us his man- ner of curing hay. He cuts before over ripe, and lets it lie in swarth in one or two days' sun, preferably one, then he cocks it up and lets stand ten or twelve days to cure, then puts into stacks thirty feet wide, and in about ten days it commences to "sweat," and at the end of eighteen or twenty days, or longer, it is ready to bale. We examined the hay in stack, and found it a nice green color, and must approve of his system of curing for this climate. His cow-hay was cut quite green. Mr. C. says the cows like it better when cut quite green, and that it is better for them. For horses it needs to be a little riper — more solid, and not so loosening to the bowels. Whenever we find an old California farmer of experience who follows a system success- fully, we like to notice it, and also to give such men as prefer fine stock some credit for their enterprise. We have often advised far- mers to either purchase fine bulls or to co- operate iu purchasing them. And in this connection wo add the advice to iiatmnizo j)ersous who do own fine stock when within reach of your own. It pays to git good blood into any herd, and the way to do it is only a question of means and economy. BEIGG'S SAN JOSE ORCHAKD. The name of Briggs wiU always be con- nected with extensive pioneer orcharding in California. George G. Briggs was, from 1855 for several years, the principal orchardist in California. Although his several old orch- ards near Marysville were long ago disposed of to his brothers and others, he is still in the business in several localities. One of the brothers, J. W. Briggs, himself an old Cali- foriiian and experienced orchardist, has just started a large orchard of 120 acres in our valley, about half way between San Jose and Alviso, on the west bank of the Coyote. We lately visited the place. The soil he has se- lected is a deep, light loam, easily worked, and watered by three artesian wells that will flow water enough to irrigate the whole easily, and more too. The locality and the soil we believe to be very excellent indeed for the purpose, in fact, as good as there is in our valley, and we must give the gentleman credit for wisdom in making the choice. The land cost him $200 per acre, and under Mr. Brigg's hand it will not be long increasing in value three fold. We felt interested in finding out the kinds and varieties of fruits that Mr. Briggs thought most profitable to cultivate. The principal portion he has jilanted with the design of GROWING FRUIT TO SHIP EAST. He has set a large pear orchard. The va- rieties are Bartlett, Buerre Hardy, Buerre Clairgeau, and Winter Nellis. These varieties have been proved the best for profitable ship- ping East, and are standard varieties every- where. Mr. B. is too practical an orchardist to cultivate many different varieties. In his large plum and prune orchard, the prunes are made almost a specialty. This jiart of the orchard is not yet completed- The Gross and Petit prunes De Agen and the Fellenburg are the leading sorts. A thousand cherry trees, mostly Black Tartarians, wUl about complete the list of trees. In a portion of the orchard a fine plantation of strawberries is started. These will do as well in the orchard as out until the trees arn full gi-own, and even then they will jield well with proper care. On such light soil, irriga- tion will not be likely to injure the trees as it would in flat, heavy soil. We noticed that there is quite a fall from the upper to the lower side of the orchard. This will facilitate (bainage, and the roots of the trees will run deeply into such soil even when plentifully irrigated on the surface. While the trees are young, crops of vegeta- bles will be grown. With plenty of water on such soil large crops can be grown as well as not. The trees will not be injured, and the soil can be made pay for cultivation hand- somely. Wo saw in cultivation onions, beets, carrots, squashes, potatoes, etc., between the rows of trees. We remember when Mr. Briggs, at Marysville, cultivated water-melons in his orchard before the trees were large enough to bear much, and many thousand dollars' worth did he sell to the "lousy min- ers" in early times. Brigg's melon patch was as noted as was his famous peach orchard a few years later. By the way, it was some- thing of an accident, as well as good luck, was California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. that peach orchard. A large lot o{ Chili dried peaches arrived in Marysville in an unsalable conilitiou. They had been dried pits and all. Mr. Briggs bought the whole lot "for a song," and planted them. After that, when he found that many of the seeds grew, he sent East for scions and young trees of best varieties, and soon had a fine orchard as the result of fore- thought and sagacity — for in those days it was looked upon as a desperate experiment and undertaking to try to raise fruit in Cali- fornia. But, after all the experimenting and successes in fruit culture for years in this State, it should be a satisfaction to our peo- ple to know that San Jose is yet to bring out the finest orchard that the genius of a Briggs has ever conceived. Success to the crowuing point. «-»-« HORTICULTTIEISTS, ATTENTION. The American Pomological Society will hold its fifteenth biennial session in the city of Chicago, September 8, 9 and 10, 1875. The Society will hold its meeting for discussions. Under the auspices of the Illinois State Horticultural Society, there will also be held, in the Inter-State Industrial Exposition build- ing, a national exhibition of the fruits and other horticultural products of North America. Seven thousand square feet of space in the south end of the main floor and gallery of the great Exposition building will be assigned to the various States, Territories and Provinces; and in the space assigned to each State, Ter- ritory or Province will be arranged the State, county, society or individual coDections con- tributed therefrom, from Nova Scotia to Cali- foiaiia, and from Key West to Oregon. Upon the same day, and in the same build- ing, the great Inter-State Exposition of the Arts and Industries will begin its four weeks' exhibition. In immediate proximity is the floral and plant department of the exposition. The Wilder medal of the American Pomo- logical Society wiU be awarded for meritori- ous objects. It is anticipated that hundreds of thousands of people will visit this grand show of fruits in connection with the great exposition. As the exposition will continue four weeks, it is desirable that the collections should re- main; and the Executive Board of the Illinois State Horticultural Society, who have charge of the fruits, will have a committee in attend- ance during the entire time to see that all collections are kept in good order — decaying fruits removed and their places filled with similar ones, as far as can bo done. Correspondence relating to the exhibition should be addressed to O. B. Galusha, the secretary of the State Society, at Normal, McLean county, Illinois. Packages of fruits, with the names of contributors, may be ad- dressed as follows: American Pomological Society, care 0. B. Galusha, Chicago, Illinois. Shipments should be made in time for anival by the Cth of September. We hope each of our horticultural readers will try to represent California by sending specimens of fruits, etc., as they may think most worthy of attention. California should be well represented. WINTER IRRIGATION, OR FLOOD- ING. There is not a farmer of extensive experi- ence in California but what will admit that if the large majority of our dry soils were once thoroughly saturated in \vinter by flooding with water, they would produce good crops of grain with the addition of what rain falls dur- ing our driest seasons. There is no (juestion about the jjracticability of filling the soil with water where it can be obtained without great cost. We know that in many localities water is allowed to run to waste that could be cheaply turned in ditches upon and led over the farms. The same farms would not now sell for one half they would bring if crops were made sure in dry seasons, and with a system of winter irrigation these same farms could be made to yield three times what they now do on an average. We have wiitten a good deal upon this very STibject first and last, but find it necessary to continually harp upon whatever subject is not popular enough to be generally adopted. We are satisfied that were a general system of irrigation once appreciated in California, it would nearly double the productive capacity of our State, and be worth untold millions to our people. Why our farmers do not combine more generally and utilize the valuable water that is now allowed to run to waste, can only be because of a stupidity hardly pardonable. There ought to be a "revival" in farming matters, a grand waking up and taking hold of the right end of things in this State, some- thing better than the lazy method inherited from the slothful ranchers of the early days. ' — ■ ^1 1^ ^ FENCING THE FARM. We believe in the justice of the no-fence law — that is, in a law that does not compel a farmer to fence his laud against another per- son's stock. But, at the same time, we believe that every good farmer should have his farm well fenced into fields convenient for rotating crops and keeping stock. Aside from the or- chard and garden, which should always be fenced against all stock, every field may at some time duiing the season be used as a pasture. Hay and grain stubble fields make excellent pastures in our drying climate until fall rains, or until they are cleaned by stock. Herding stock is time wasted; or, at any rate, we would sooner put in our time building fence than racing stock right and left out of a grain field into an adjoining stubble or range. Besides being bad for the ^ock, it is terribly trying to the patience to do it. Cows in par- ticular are liable to be injured by herding. Thoy should bo kept perfectly tranquil and quiet to get the bt'st yield of milk and to be kind of disjiosition. Many farmers miss it by not having cross fences, so as to utilize their feed when it is most needed. A tea set — the Chinese. NEWS ABOUT NEWS PAPERS. Geo. p. Kowell & Co's Amkeican Newspa- PEK Diuectoby: containing accurate lists of all the newspapers and periodicals published in the United States and Ter- ritories and the Dominion of Canada. New York; Geo. P. Kowell & Co., pub- lishers. This is a book of nearly a thousand pages, published in the interests, and especially for newspapers and advertisers. We find it a valuable book of reference. From the pre- face we subjoin the following interesting in- formation : The seventh (1875) edition of the American Newspaper Directory contains the description of 771 daily, 100 tri-weekly, 121 semi-weekly, 6,287 weekly, 27 bi-weekly, 108 semi-monthly, 850 monthly, 10 bi-monthly, and 71 quarterly publications; a total of 8,318, being an in- crease 5G1 over last year, 1,057 over 1873, 1,426 over 1872, and 1,910 over the edition for 1871. An unusual number of newspapers have been reduced in size, changed proprietorship, or suspended publication during the year just past, indicating that it has not been one of prosperity, notwithstanding the fact that the actual increase in the number printed has ex- ceeded any previous year since the establish- ment of the Directory. Circulations have materially decreased. With the exception of two Sunday-school papers, no periodical issued west of New York City sustains a claim to a regular issue of 40,000 copies. The number of newspapers commencing publication during the year jiist passed has averaged within a fraction of six each work- ing-day, but owing to suspensions and con- solidations the actual increase has been less than one-third of the number established. California has one less paper than last year. Number of papers published in this State: Daily, 24; tri-weekly, 2; semi- weekly, or weekly, 82 ; bi-weekly, 1; monthly, 24; total, 211. The book contains a list of 123 agricul- tural papers; California has six, and Oregon one. It looks bad to see a dog preceding his mas- ter down street, and calmly turn into the first saloon he approaches. It shows there is something wrong, something lacking, a de- I)lorable tendency on the part of the dog. The farmer who has established his reputa- tion for having the best marketable products, will always command an extra price for all his crops. YOUNG STOCK WITH COWS. Calves and yearlings that have not been so thoroughly weaned as to forget the cows should never be allowed to run in pasture amongst them. We have lately had a little experience in this matter. Some young stock were turned amongst cows that we are milk- ing, and among them hajipened to be some yearlings belonging to the cows. Although the cows had yoirng calves, they recognized their own, and by licking and mooing about them got the animals to sucking. As soon as we found it out the young stock were removed, but the cows held up their milk, disliked to be milked, and acted mean in everj- waj'. Be- fore the young cattle had access to them they were models of kindness and content. The residt is, they persist in bad behavior, and the milk has depreciated in quantity and quality, although they have good feed and treatment. WoKMs IN Obchaeds. — We notice that there are some Western orchardists who sprinkle the trees with water poisoned with Paris Green. They say one good sprinkling with Paris Green water cleans the worms out com- pletely. A good garden syringe or a watering pump will throw water over the highest ap- ple tree. They use a tablespoonful of Paris Green to a bucketful of water. — Ex. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. The average condition of the grain crop is very pertinently expressed by a subscriber at Sunol Glen. What is true in his locality will very generally apply all over the State. He says: " In regard to the grain crop here this most peculiar year, it is spotted. Early-sown grain is good; medium early, about half a crop; while late-sown is almost an entire failure. The Jvne rain-storm did some dam- age to hay, and crinkled the standing grain. Take it all in all, it has been quite an event- ful season. The weather all through has sur- prised the oldest inhabitant." This is even so. The winter opened early with warm rains that made grass and grain grow promis- ingly; later came a season of unparalelled se- vere frosts, with dry winds, that were dis- couraging; then a very promising supply of rains, followed by a dry spring and absence of May showers. Finally, in June, springs up a regular south witid rain-siorm of two days' duration — something never before known by the oldest inhabitant of California in sum- mer. Showers would not surprise anybody, but such a storm is a puzzler to the weather- wise. What will follow next we are curious to see. One prophet, who believes that civi- lization affects the weather, attributes the changes to the rush of Eastern peoi^le to Cal- ifornia— "they are bringing their weather with them" — smuggling it overland without paying freight, we suppose. The matter should bo investigated. Another Cure for Hoove or Bloat Cattle. Mr. John B. Warren, of Petaluma, says the Stockton Leader, has given information which will be of much importance to stock- raisers. He states that bloat in cattle, caused by eating green clover or from similar causes, may be cured in the following manner : Take hold of the animal by the horns and raise its head as high as possible, then open its mouth, take hold of its tongue with one or both hands and pull it out as far as it will come. As soon as this is done the gas will begin to escape through the valves that will thus be opened at the root of the tongue, and if the mouth is kei^t open and the tongue jjulled forward for a few minutes, the cure will be complete. Mr. Warren has seen this course pursued in several cases with cattle, also with horses Kurt'ering from wind colic, and in every case it proved a complete remedy. When the gas begins to escape it will ooze through the opening like the air from a punctured bladder. This remedy is easily applied, is safer and less painful to the animal than the ojjenitions that are sometimes resorted to. The advantages of San Diego are chiefly for stock raising and bee culture, so large a part of its area is mountainous. In bee culture, few countries in the world, if any, rival San Diego county. Along the base of the moun- tains in their narrow, winding valleys,you see many bee ranches, some with a hundred or more stands of bees. The honey is made en- tirely from wild flowers, and mostly from the mountain sage. That made in the early spring is as bemitifuUy white and clear, and as richly flavored as any honey can be. 1 was reliably informed that in 1874 the county shipped about 100 tons of honey, and would probably ship at least 600 tons this year. It is becoming the chief agricultural interest of the county, although besides mixed stock, some wheat and barley are also successfully raised. — W. A. J. Wrhjid. How much does a fool generally weigh? A simple ton. The Croat Question of Our Times. tHE following, written by a lady — a far mer's wife, unused to the pen — as a composition to be read before the San Jose Grange, contains much mature thought upon an abstruse subject that reflects great credit upon the mind of woman.] The increased restlessness of the working classes throughout the civilized world indi ■ Gates that in the not distant future some steps will be taken to bridge over the vast chasm which separates the interests and conditions of the producing from the non-producing, wealthy classes. The power of wealth to ap- propriate to itself a large share of the earn- ings of the industrious poor, and that this power increases in mathematical proportion to its volume, are admitted facts. It behooves the friends of humanity to in- quire whether the great mass of non-capital- ists, by a law of nature like gravitation, must always remain the hewers of wood and draw- ers of water for the few capitalists. God for- bid that I should believe it. Rather would I compare it to a fungus growth on the body of civilization that is corrupting but cannot al- ways exist. If, then, we are to conclude, as I think we must, that the present oppressed condition of non-capitalists is not God's fault, but ours, it follows that reform is possible; but to ac- complish this reform is a herculean task. It will meet with the hostility of the favored class, who control two of the essential sinews of war — money and generalship. It will be clogged by the ignorance and impracticability of the lower strata, and hindered by the Bourbonism of the middling and well-to-do, who are ever ready to take up and reiterate the cry of "communism" to every measure that looks toward social reform. The recognized theoretic duty of govern- ments, to STRENGTHEN THE WEAK AND BESTRAIN THE STRONG, is being reversed in practice; and, instead, every department of the government is made to do duty in the interest of capital, at the expense of the commonwealth, and in viola- tion of the rights and interests of non-capital- ists. The government shirks its equal share of the public burden, corrupts public officials and demoralizes society by setting up money, instead of moral worth, as a standard of re- spectability. But, to enumerate half of the sins of the vast accumulations of capital would be too tedious. I will only say that under our government and laws such a condition of affairs is incompatible with the general good which should be paramount in all govern- ments. The question above all others which do- mauds our most serious and careful consider- ation is, how we may jilaee wealth (which we must recollect is made by its possessors only a little less than omnipotent,) under the con- trol of law so that it will be a SERVITOR OF THE PUBLIC GOOD, instead of reaping whore it hath not sown. Many good thinkers -have reluctantly come to the conclusion that human nature is too weak, and human integrity too frail to resist the temptations which large capitalists are able to offer, and they propose to get rid of the serpent by destroying the egg. To that end they would diminish the facilities for ac- quiring great fortunes which would cause a more general diffusion of wealth, and more nearly equalize the material comforts and con- ditions of the people. The means by which this object may be ac- complished are various, but the one which deserves the first consideration is, to so clog with disabilities their ownership of the earth (without the use of which human existence would be impossible) as to make it an unpro- fitable speculative investment for capital. GRADUATED TAXATION upon all quantities of real estate above a reasonable limit, off'ers the means of intro- ducing this reform with little or no violence to private rights; but details will not be ex- pected in this paper. Thus it will be seen that the capital now used in the monopoly and speculation in real estate would seek invest- ment in interest-paying bonds, thus reducing the rate of interest and the facilities of ac- quiring great fortunes, stimulating manufac- tories and contributing in various ways to the public good. But, as before intimated, any proposition to switch oft' the old narrow track will meet the opposition of money-bags, Bourbon and ig- norance, and as reforms are of slow growth, we must, in the meantime, use such tools as are within our reach, so that we maj', in a measure, at least, bridge over the gulf that divides productive labor and capital. And in the selection of tools we must not overlook CO-OPERATION. The judicious combination of small capi- tals, under wise and careful management, would accomplish many enterprises of which, otherwise, capitalists would have a monopoly. For this purpose our Grange organization is admirably adapted. We have a bond of sym- pathy— a common interest. We form social attachments, make acquaintance, and encour- age the growth of confidence, which is indis- pensible in all co-operative enterprises. We can, and will co-operate in the selection of rulers of the state and nation who will under- stand that there are rights and interests other than those of cajiital which they are bound to respect, and we will inform ourselves of these rights by the free iuterchange of opinions m the Grange. In short, the Grange has al- ready borne much good fruit, and is full of promise for an increasing crop in the future, and I should regard as treason to humanity any attempt to check its growth and perpe- tuity. San Jose, June, 1875. Concrete Walls — Two Methods of Building. Eds. CALiroBSiA AGBicuLTtmisT and Live Stock Journal: In your last issue a corres- pondent calls for information about concrete walls. In the State of Delaware, fine build- ings are made with mortar-brick, which is another name for concrete. They take one bushel of stone lime, and after Blacking, add ten bushels of coarse, clean sand, with some gravel, then mold it like brick in sizes to suit. If a twelve-inch wall is to be made, 12x18 inches and 8 inches thick is a convenient size. Spread the brick upon a graded yard covered with sand to dry. When dry, they lay the brick in common lime mortar, and plaster it both inside and out, then stripe and pencil to suit their taste. This makes the finest kind of concrete walls, and, if well done, a substantial and durable building. In Colorado, they have another method. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Some call it concrete, while others give it the dignified name of ' 'grout. ' ' They prepare the mortar same as above. Then place two stiff planks upon the foundation for the wall the distance apart they wish the thickness of the ■wall. The planks have stays across the upper edges to keep them from spreading, and bolts near the lower edges for the same purpose. The planks should be smooth on the inside, and sutSciently stiff to avoid springing. The mortar is placed between the planks and packed in, and if smooth, washed gravel is packed in with the mortar, to form a face to the wall, it is all the better. The mortar soon sets, when the bolts are withdrawn and the planks moved to another place, and the opera- tion repeated until the wall is finished. I noticed at Fort CoUins, Colorado, a large stole building made in this way. It was two stories high, and had a very substantial look, although of rough exterior. It was not plas- tered, nor^did they stop the bolt holes with mortar, and many of the gravel stones on the surface were as large as a man's fist. Frost does not seem to injure it, yet I doubt if it will prove a practical method of fencing in California. San Jose, June, 1875. S. Pelton. ^amc^tic* Chats With Farmers' Wives and Daughters — No. 7. BY "JEWELI,." Perhaps a few experiences in my farm life ■would be amusing, and sho^w how wide apart theory and pradice come to ns new beginners. Shall I own it? I can'l make good yeast bread! I've tried it faithfully for over two months now, and only succeeded three times in hav- ing eatable, light, sweet bread. I may be stupid at it, but I understand thoroughly the routine to go through — the theory is all right — but the practice, — ah! there is the rub. 1 doubt not but that I could take a raw hand and tell them just how to make good bread, and they would succeed, too, after trying as I have, two months — perhaps in leSs time. I may be too old to learn. Who kuows the age past which it is impossible for a woman to learn how to make good bread? When I got brewers' yeast I seldom failed — that was in town. But here on the farm, where bakers' bread would taste strangely out of place, it became a duty — nay, a pride, to have plenty of sweet, fresh bread to spread the new butter upon. So at it I went, earnestly, -without doubt of success, when, lo! my sponge would not raise. But I was not to be dictated to in that way. I'd make it into, loaves. No, it refused to do more than flatten out. How- ever, with a heavy heart and dull head, I was bound to utilize my labor and fiour; so I baked it, and fed it in leaden lumps to Jack, our " hound dog, " who took it out of my sight. My husband (who knows everything, as all husbands should) encouraged me, and told me to try salt-rising bread. His sister told him exactly how, and a good recipe was in the Hay number of the Ageicoltukist, and it was simple, and if I once got into the way of making it, it would be easy enough, etc. So, next day, I cheerfully started in before breakfast; but things did not work well. I could not get the temperature just right. It first baked on the bottom of my pan, and then when I set it off the kettle of hot water it got too cold. At noon I could see no sign of change in the raising. By two o'clock a little foam on the top encouraged me to make it into a sponge. Then I kept it warm (keep- ing a fire on purpose all day), and tendered it my utmost attention until supper time, when it was made into loaves and set to raise. This it gradually did, in a slow, unwilling way, very exasperating to me, so earnest was I. We sat up and baked it that evening — though I felt guilty in doing it, and really thought myself imposed upon by that heavy leaden, sour-smelling mass — the result of all my pains! But my good husband quite petted me this time, and made me feel that a triuniph mtisl follow when one was determined to succeed in a good undertaking, and that we learn through our failings, not successes. So in my heart I resolved to succeed, and in imagination had mastered the art, and baked my last soiu bread. To my next attempt I resolved to give my undivided attention, and as my husband was at home that day, I called in his experi- enced ( ?) eye to see the process, and together we watched it all day. By eight that night our united efforts were cro-wned with success! The two loaves were fragrant and plump, cor>ipfc(e, the "guide mon" said; but in my heart I knew it was not quite salt enough and resolved to do better next time. But the next, though salt enough, was heavy again, BO I felt more than ever how necessary was light to our lives. To recount all my failures would be but a repetition, and my success also. Now I must say right here that this experience has more than ever persuaded me that our girls should he encouraged and taught to be good cooks —to make good bread. It is far easier to learn when in mother's house, ■n'ith few responsi- bilities, than in our own, when cares and babies are clinging to us and demanding our ceaseless attention. HOW TO PUT TJP CITBEANTS. As seasonable advice, I clii^ from the Coun- try Gentleman the following recipes, which are good. I advise the putting up of currants and all tart fruits in glass always, as tin is likely to corrode to the injury of the flavor of the fruit, and danger of the health also: Currant Ice. — Take one quart currants, one pint of raspberries, one pint of water, and one and a half pounds of sugar; mash the berries; add them to the water; squeeze out the liquor; add the sugar, and freeze. Where raspberries are uuattaiuable,use more currants and flavor with extract of raspberry or straw- berry. Currant Jelly. — If the fruit is gathered be- fore dead ripe, it will make firmer jelly, and it is not necessary to pick it from the stems, only remove all leaves or sticks. Put the fruit m a pail, or pan, over a kettle of boiling water, and heat enough for the skins to break easily, then dip into a bag made of flannel, and squeeze till dry. Measure the juice, al- lowiug for each pint a pound of white sugar, but do not add the sugar to the liquor until it has been allowed to gently boil over the fire for twenty minutes or more, removing any scum that may arise. The sugar is now to be added in the proportions mentioned, when the process of coagulation is so rapid that lumps of jelly are often formed before it is all dissolved ; while in color it glows with all the richness and transparency of the garnet. The secret of making all fruit jellies is to boil the juice before, and but little after adding the sugar; if boiled together, the product is apt to be soft, dark and gummy, if it ever becomes jelly at all. Use a pound of sugar to a pound of fruit in presennng currants, and if all the necessary boiling has taken place before the sugar is added, the juice will become a tender, beautiful jelly. Currant Catsup. — This is a favorite prepara- tion to eat with meats, and is made of five pounds of mashed currants, three pounds of sugar, one pint of vinegar, two tablespoonf uls of finely-ground cinnamon, one of cloves, one of allspice, one of black pepper, one nutmeg and a pinch of salt. Cook half an hour. A great improvement on the above is to add the same proportion of spices to the juice, boil, and finish as jelly. Then the useless seeds and skins are rejected, and more than all, it always retains its first fresh, delicate flavor, which is lost after a time under the regular recipe for catsup. Preparing Currants for Winter Uses. — To pre- pare currants for mince pies and other winter uses, add one pound of sugar to four of fruit picked from the stems; cook a few minutes, spread on plates or tins, and dry in the oven, which must not be hot enough to scorch them. When sufficiently dried away, pack in stone jars, and put a layer of sugar over the top. This method is superior to all others for pre- serving the flavor of fruit (it even adds to the richness of cherries) ; no fermentation takes place if stored in a cool place, and it will keep unchanged for years. Heating a little sugar and water with several spoonfuls of the fruit makes a dish of preserves in a few minutes. Currant Vinegar. — To make ten gallons take six quarts of ripe currant juice; put in a jar and let it remain a day or two, removing the scum ; add one gallon of molasses, and water enough to make up the ten gaUons of liquor; set it in the sun, or a warm place, being care- ful to exclude insects, and it will soon become good vinegar. To the above I will add the following: EASPDEKKY JELLY. There is no more delicious jelly than rasp- berry; but as the raspberry is a dear fruit and difficult to prepare alone, we find that by tak- ing one-third raspberries and two-thirds cur- rants the jelly has all the flavor of raspberry, does not cost half so much as clear raspberry, and is every bit as good — we think superior to clear raspberry jelly. Make the same as currant jelly. Another hint: Every year that we put up fruit for the table, we use more sugar than formerly. The fruit keeps finer with plenty of sugar, and is certainly nicer, and suits al- most every one's taste better. Familiar Tallts~No. I. " Jewell," "Nell Van," E. E. Anthony and the rest of you who write for the Ageicul- TUEisT, how I would like to have a cozy, per- sonal chat with you all. As that is out of the question, the next best thing is to become ac- quainted through the columns of the paper we all prize so highly. Many a useful recipe and hint have I gleaned from it, and wilj now offer one or two which I think all my sister housekeepers may not have thought of. A PAS-BOLDEB. Instead of the cup-towel or dish-cloth to remove pans of bread, gem pans and the like from the stove, take a coffee or salt sack (a grain sack will do), cut into pieces about ten or twelve inches wide and long enough to al- California Agricultukist and Live Stock Journal. low both ends of the bread pan to be taken hold of; bind or hem these, put a strong loop on one corner of each, and keep one hung near the stove. One who has never used them will be surprised to find now much longer towels and dish-cloths will keep clean. I wonder why so many house-keepers will take "anything that comes along" for A DLSH-CLOTH. It may be cleanly, but it does not look so, to see a cloth, the original color of which is un- known, used to clean (?) dishes. It will take but a few minutes to cut a flour sack into con- venient sizes and hem them. If you will "gather up the fragments" of time, you can soon have plenty of stove-cloths and nice, white dish-cloths. Following is a recipe that I think is an im- provement on the OLD-TIME FEIITBBS our grandmothers used to make. Don't con- demn the article because it is fried. Properly cooked it wiU not soak the grease, which should be pure lard, and boiling hot at the time of cooking and kept so: One pint of Graham flour, milk enough to make a thick batter, one egg, one half teacup of syrup, a little sidt, one dessert spoonful of yeast pow- der. Fry in lard, one teaspoonful for each tablespoonful of batter. Fruit in Tin Cahs. — The Boston Journal of Chemistry says: The impression prevails among those who use freely fruit which is put up in tin cans, that they are injured thereby, and this impression is in many instances correct. We have long contended that all preserved fruits and vegetables should be stored in glass aud thiit no metal of any kind should ba brought in contact with them. All fruits con- tain more or less vegetable acids, and others that highly corrosive are ofteu formed by fer- mentation, and the metallic vessels are con- siderably acted upon. Tin cans are held together with solder, an alloy into which lead enters largely. This metal is easily corroded by vegetable acids, aud poisonous salts are formed. Undoubtedly many persons are greatly injured by eating tomatoes, peaches, etc., which have been placed in tin cans, aud we advise our friends who contemplate put- ting up fruit this summer to use ouly glass jars for the purpose, or what is still better, is to have a family fruit dryer on hand. Fruit is so nicely dried on this machine as to excel all other dried fruit, and if not superior it is equal to any of the canned fruits. Recipe fok Crystalizing Grasses. — This is the way I do mine, aud ahvaj's have had s!anting several Limburger cheeses about his potato patch a farmer in Linn comity, Iowa, drove off all the potato bugs while his neighbors sufi'ered severi'ly from their ravages. This is that kind of cheese whii'li is said to bo rijio when a bit as big as a Ilea will drive a dog out of a tan-yard. Angora Coats. ,,, PROLIFIC subject to write upon, and ■'f a prolific animal to breed from is the Angora goat on the Pacific Coast. The cj° time was when it was thought an expe- riment to breed these animals as a business for profit, but that time is as much passed as is the experiment of cultivating grain, fruit and other productions of the soil in Califor- nia. The pure bred goats actually improve in our climate, and the common goat, when bread up to a fifteen-sixteenths Angora cross, will generally produce fiue No. 1 fleece. Every year the crosses with pure bucks are getting finer, and the success of the enterprise is more apparent. The uses to which the fleece is put are multiplying as our civiliza- tion develops in material science and art, and the skins are more demanded, and the flesh is better appreciated. Consequently the de- mand must always exceed the supply, while a liberal supply must encourage a positive de- mand. We remember when it was thought that fruit would soon be worthless, so much of it would be produced. But see how the demand has increased as the art of canning, etc., has developed. So with every other use- ful production, and so in a more striking manner must it be with the Angora goat and its products. The millions of acres of hill lands that are better adapted to the goat than to to any other animal or product, must be also encouraging to the business here. But we might ramble on upon this subject with- out end. What is of more direct, practical value to our readers is FACTS AND FIGURES. We are in possession of some of these, through the courtesy of C. P. Bailey, of San Jose, who has in Monterey county a flock of fine graded goats, some of which are now high bred. The figuios below show the returns of last year's clip, which was sheared after a late rain and somewhat damaged by matting or felting together. No returns have yet been received from this season's clip. We are promised the figures when received. Here is a correct copy of returns for last year's clip: BALKS TWO BALES MOHAUl, ACCT. MOODI A FAEISB. March 31. 1S75: C. P. K. R. -l Bales Ooat Hair— a7o lbs 1st ipiality. (ij* 70c 1262 60 2(] tb8 2a auaiity. (at *ho » «o 674 ftSKhorls, (di'.^iSlc 12U 15 14 lbs waste iu bortiutJ. 44 ll>s tan, W27 1bB JWl 28 cHAnr.ES. Jan. 12- Freisht $ls an. raringo 75c $19 33 lut(--rest un 4lo 52 Corns., Storage, Ins.. etc., 5!4 . . . 22 07 41 98 jaoa 33 Now York, June 2, 1875. (Signed) 8. THOTirsON, NKl'IlEW & Co. MOODY A FAniSU, ACCT. OF ABOVE. ProrecdB in currency. $»'J 33, (§> IICJ^. in gold. $307 80 Our Corns., 2>4 '' ^^ Net in gold JaOOlO San Francisco, Juno 11, 1875. It ivill be observed by the above figures that ouly about oue-third of this shearing was of first quality. This, from a graded flock, is nothing to bo wonderi'd at. As none but pure bucks are used for Ureeding, in a few years California Agriculturist, and Live Stock Journal more the greatest part of the fleeces ■will be counted as first quality. Mr. Bailey says that the three-fourths and seven-eighths An- gora blood with the common goat mil make "shorts" fleeces, a few seven-eighths will make second quality, and the fourth cross, fifteen-sixteenths, will nearly all make first and second quality, while the fifth and above crosses will be counted as first quality fleeces. Mr. Bailey sells a good many high grades every year, and is not breeding so much to sell the fleece as to meet the demand for the goats themselves. Mr. Gilmore, of El Dorado, sent his last year's clip to Messx-s. Hall & Turner, James- town, New York, and got a return of 85 cents for first quality fleece. Mr. Bailey has ship- ped his this year's clip to Jamestown, and expects a much better price than for last sea- son's clip. The comparative value of sheep and goats' fleece is worth noticing. Mr. B. assures us that there are now, and have been sold in San Francisco this year, some 6,000,000 lbs of sheep wool, at 10 to 16 cents, costs of freight to be deducted. There are now some 7,000 high grades and pure Angora goats on this coast. The fleeces will average '2J^ lbs to the head, or 17,500 lbs of mohair, worth at least 80 cents per pound, or about $2 00 per head annually, on an average, at present low prices. Some parties are talking of shearing the Angora goats twice a year, as is the custom in this State to shear fine-wool sheep. Mr. Bai- ley thinks it will be better to shear but once a year, but advises feeding the goats when pasture gets short and poor, and then the fleece will be of a uniform strength and texture, and be long, lustrous and much more valuable than shorter fleeces. At any rate, the Angora goat will hold its own in our climate, and our best breeders de- clare that it is constantly improving. The probability is that it is capable of being vastly improved; and, taken from the half-civilized country of its nativity and placed upon our pastures and under the careful breeding of enlightened and enterprising Americans, it will not be many years before we can ship specimens of Angoras back to their native country that will "astonish the natives." Oregon is proving to be a fine climate for these goats, and her pastures, green longer than ours, may give her even an advantage over California. Mr. Bailey sold 300 goats to go to Oregon last faU, and has reports of the most favorable character from them. The Sheep of Spain. — The following, translated from Le Joivrnal d' Agriculiare pra- iique, seems to imply that the Merino is not so mxich of a favorite on its "native heath" as in other parts of Europe or the United States. If the Merinos described below are a fair type of the fine-wool flocks of the mod- ern Spaniard, says the National Live Stock Journal, they but furnish additional evi- dence of the indolence and decay of that once enterprising people. The standard of the noble flocks from which the importations, during the early years of this century, were made, was certainly far above that here por- trayed, though considerably below what has resulted from the energy and skill of Ameri- can breeders, as now represented in the dis- tinctive family known as "American Me- rinos": The breeds of sheep in the north of Spain form three groups, perfectly distinct, and characterized — first, by form; secondly, and principally, by their fleeces. These three types are designated in their native country under the names cf Merino, Churra and Lacha. First — The Merinos, or fine wools. The Merino race, in Navarre, resembles somewhat the type which is usually found in France and other countries of Europe, under the same name. Small in size, rather pot-bellied, and altogether presenting a sorry appearance, the only valuable feature about them is their wool. 'This is short, frizzled, fine and knotty. This race has, of late years, lost much of its relative value, even in Spain. Raised prin- cipally in Estramadura, New Castile and So- ria, it forms the major part of the migratory flocks; nevertheless, this race is now less ap- preciated in the north than in the west of the peninsula. Increasing slowly, yielding only a medium quality of mutton, they are not even profitable for their wool, which, though exceedingly fine, is too little in quantity to make up for the other inferior qualities; con- sequently this race is very little noticed in the fairs and other agricultural exhibitions; the highest prizes being given to the other races, which are usually much better represented. Second. — The Chiirra race, or curly wools. They are much more numerous in Navarre, and infinitely more esteemed than the pre- ceding race. They are much stronger and taller, wide in the shoulders, and closely built in the hind quarters. The wool is of medium length, curly and rather coarse. They are held in high estimation for the fine quality of their mutton. Third.— The Lacha breed, or long wool. The distinguishing marks of this breed are medium hight, larger in the hind quarters thau the preceding race, a fine head, black sometimes, small horns and frequently with- out any. This race is particularly remarkable for the great length of its wool, which some- times measures 30, 35, and even 40 centi- metres (12, 14 and IG inches), hanging fre- quently to the ground, and giving to the animal a very singular aspect, very much resembling the llama. This curious race lives upon the southern slope of the Pyrennes, to the north of Navarre, and principally in the districts of Irun and Valcarlos. It Uves con- stantly out of doors, night as well as day, either in sunshine or shade, remaining, with- out inconvenience, exposed for weeks at a time to constant rain, which slips off from their thick fleeces without hurting them in the least. They are never fed, except when the snow covers the ground, and then only a little straw and dry leaves, which serves to sustain them till the snow disappears. Some shepherds, during the lambing season only, place their flocks under shelter. Their mut- ton is reckoned a little less valuable than that of the Churra race, but is nevertheless of good quality. Their fine fleeces are very valuable, and they supply the greater par; used in the fabrication of the famous Valentij n cloaks. It is remarkable that this race, to which its long wool gives such a characteristic aspect, although living in the same manner as other races, is not subject to so many diseases, and especially thoso which so often decimate the other Spanish races. Inteokity. — Who ever possessed it that did not derive untold advantage from it? It is better than riches, it is of more value than "diamonds and all precious stones;" and yet every man may possess it. The poorest may have it, and no power on earth can wrest it from them. Young men, prize integrity of character above all earthly gifts. Dark ages — The ladies. Principles Governing the Transmis- sion of Characteristics by the Sexes. B — |T has been advanced by some breeders that the male transmitted certain cliarac- r ters mainly relating to the exterior of the " animal, while the female transmitted characters relating to the interior. And there are many cases which seem to admit of such a theory. The color of the cock is usually transmitted to his offspring; the ram trans- mits his peculiarities of horns and fleece, and the buli the presence or absence of horns. These facts, for such they seem to be, can, however, be explained equally well in an- other way. If we cross a number of varieties, we find that instead of the offspring always showing a blending of the characters of both parents, in many cases the young animal or plant more nearly resembles the one parent than the other ; that is, one parent has transmitted more characters than the other, or has transmitted them with more force. Thus, when crossing the Short-horn bull upon the native cow, the grade oflspring is more of a Short-horn in its characteristics than it is a native. We say, in this case, that the Short-horn bull is prepotent, and to this power of transmission we apply the term pre- potency. Now, prepotency may belong to either parent, in fact, it may belong to both parents. The sire may be preijotent, so far as certain characters go, but the dam may be prepotent in other characters. Now, this prepotency tends to give uniformity or fixed- ness to a race or breed. Darwin makes the observation that in certain families the effect of the prepotency of some ancestor is seen in some distinctive character. He says, " It would appear that in certain famiUes some one ancestor, and after him others in the same family, must have had great power in trans- mitting their likeness through the male line; for we cannot otherwise understand how the same features should be so often transmitted after marriages with various females, as has been the case with the Austrian emperors, and as formerly occurred in certain Koman fami- lies with their mental qualities. The famous bull Favorite is ibeUeved to have had a pre- potent influence upon the Short-horn race. It has always been observed with English racers that certain mares have generally trans- mitted their own character, whilst others of equally pure blood have allowed the character of the sire to prevail." Now, this prepotency may come into action independently of any supposed influence of long breeding — so that it cannot be refen-ed to habit, as some would have It. Some of Darwin's examples .ire in- teresting and instructive. In chapter four- teen of his work on the variation of animals and plants, he says: " The truth of the prin- ciple of prepotency comes out more clearly when certain races are crossed. The improved Short-honi, notwithstanding that the breed is comparatively a modern race, are generally acknowledged to possess great power in im- pressing their likeness on all other breeds, and it is chiefly in consequence of this power that they are so highly valued. Godine has given a curious case of a goat-like breed of sheep from Cape of Good Hope, a ram from which produced oflspring htu-dly to be distin- guished from himself when crossed with ewes of twelve other breeds; but two of the half- breed ewes, when put to a Merino ram, pro- duced lambs closely resembling the Merino breed." Here, in the first place, the goat-like ram was prepotent, but his offspring, when mated with such a strong breed as the Merinos, were not able to transmit their characters. It is also on record that of two races of French t^^^S- roved Berkshire with any other on their own account, but prefer rather to keep that breed .distinct and up to the mark by occasionally renewing with B, foreign blood of its own kind. By foreign blood I mean that of a distant or unrelated family. They are a standard breed, very near perfection in themselves, possessing qualities that caunot be much improved upon without affecting the combination that con- stitutes the Berkshire and stamp them with a character whciUy their own, and which only requires to be kept up to the ideal of their stylo and perfection to satisfy the require- ments of almost every class, condition and locality. The true well-bred Berkshire has the stamp of the thoroughbred, and possesses the merits required for its purpose, and great pains should be taken to perpetuate the purity of that blood. However, when it is necessary or advisable to cross them (for the reason be- fore given) it should be made with the Essex whenever practicable. The result of a single cross will always give satisfaction, the pro- duce being such as will ff-ed quick and mature sooner than the pure-bred Berkshire, and the pork is second to none that goes to market. The general style and appearance of the ani- mals will be similar, except in the markings; some will be more or less spotted, some marked like the Berkshire, some partially marked, and some all black. The cross con- tinued upon itself will soon lose its identity witli either breed, and eventually will result in a lot of mongrels. — Ex. Keep Them F.4.T. — A practical farmer, in communicating his views in the columns of one of our exchanges, says: Keep your hogs fat. The good farmer gives all his young stock a good fat start in life, because he knows it always takes twice or thrice as much to feed a i^oor horse, cow, or hog, as it does one in good condition. It ought never to be ne- cessary to keej) "killing hogs" in the "fat- tening pen" longer than a week or ten days — just long enough to harden their fat with grain. The hogs ought to be fat to begin with. In fact, the good farmer never has a pour animal of any kind on his place. It pays well to push young pigs from the word "go" — that is, as soon as they are able to crack corn. We knew once a Utter of thir- teen, half Beskshires, dropped in February, that under this plan, %vithout going into the fattouiug pen at all, eleven months later aver- aged 17-5 pounds net meat — total 2,276 pounds — and the heaviest one was a " runt" at the start. A New Hog Disease. — A Greenville, Ohio, correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette says: The pigs in our settlement are having a new and strange disease commencing in the head and nose. Symptoms: First, the nose swells, the swelling lasting a few days. Then the nose and head get sore. The sores appear to be of an eating nature. They get larger, and spread over the pig till dead. We have lost over one hundred, and saved perhaps six or eight out of all that took the disease. But even the saved ones are of but little account. The saying "Excuse haste and a bad pen" has been attributed to a pig who ran away from home. When a hog roots in a snow bank its nose knows snows. Gems. — Indifference to the welfare of our country is a crime ; but if our country is re- duced to a condition in which the bad are preferred to the good, the foolish to the wise, hardly any catastrophe is to be deprecated or Disposed that may shake them from their places. Co Heading Off Borers. B. HUBBARD, writing to the Rural New Yorker on the subject of borers in peach trees, says: I will not waste time to refer to the various expedients to which I have resorted, but hasten to state that at the introduction of Hale's early peach I procured fifteen one-year old budded trees, took extra paius with them, and discovered the next season that the borers had commenced their depredations. I worked at them, knife in hand, for several years, un- til I had mutilated them very badly. I began to look about for some more effectual remedy. I prepared boxes of inch boai'ds, eleven inches square, ten inches wide; put one around each tree; filled each with damp, leached ashes, pounded down slightly; smoothed the surface nicely, with a damp shovel, quite up to the trunk, and called the work finished. This was the last trouble I experienced with my fifteen trees, and to my mind this is an effect- ual remedy. The beetle cannot puncture the bark at that distance from the ground, it be- ing dry and hard, and being no ingress or egress, reproduction must cease, of course. N. B. — This wooden structure will decay after a time. I suu'gest instead of boards use bricks, which are easily placed about the ti'ees, need no mortar, as the pressure is very slight, and the material indestructible. The expense will be trifling compared with refitting occa- sionally with wood. I claim not that this remedy is infallible; but this I do know, that for a series of years in my experience it has proved an entire success, and I think from its simplicity no one should be so skeptical as to fail to make the experiment. I speak some- what positively, but I apprehend my zeal is according to my knowledge. [If the trunks of the trees are «haded from the sun with boards it will answer the same purposes. — Eds.] ■■ • »■ Lime fok Apple Tkees. — A successful pom- ologist of New Jersey writes the New York Heriihl that he once noticed that a tree stand- ing in the immediate vicinity of his dwelling had all at once 2rat forth with renewed energy and he was at a loss for some time to define the cause. On examination he found that a quantity of lime, which had accidentally been spilled, and rendered M'orthless by becoming mixed with the refuse on the stable floor, had been thrown at the foot of and around the tree, and to this, as the principal cause, he immediately accredited the revivement and renewed fructification of the tree. Taking the hint from the incident, he purchased twelve casks of lime, and appUed half a bushel to each of the trees in his orchard, and found that it produced immediate beneficial rasults. Not the health of the tree only but the quality of the fruit also was greatly improved. The Ilcrald adds that it has known some farmers to make it a regular practice for a succession of years to throw caustic lime around their ajjple trees in the spring and summer. In our own experience on the farm we found that leached ashes worked about the same result as given above. A pear tree close by a leach grew twice as rapidly as one a few rods away. — Ohio Farmer. <"•-• The Black Peppee. — The two specimens of the black pepper tree planted in the Court- house yard a year old, with a view of testing its adaptability to this climate, made a rapid growth last summer, but the past winter was unusually heavy, and the frost killed most of the leaves and tips of the twigs. Enough is determined, however, to show that black pep- per can be produced here in any desired amount, and that it is capable of becoming an article of export. The tree is an evergreen, and has a strong resemblance to some of the varieties of acacia. — Tulare Times. Value or Evebokeens Among Fbuit Teees. A well-grown evergreen tree gives off continu- ally an exodium of warmth and moisture that reaches a distance of its area in hight; and when tree planters advocate shelter belts, Bun-ounding a trace of orchard fifty or more acres, when the influehce of such belt can only trace a distance of the hight of the trees in said belt, they do that which will prove of little value. To ameliorate climate, to assist in prevention of injury against extreme clim- ate, to assist in prevention of injury against extreme climatic cold in winter aud of the frosting of the germ bud of fruit in tlie spring, all orchards should have planted, in and among them indiscriminately, evergreen trees at chstanees each of not more than 150 feet apart. Such a course pursued will give health to the tree, and bo productive of more regular and uniform crops of fruit. At all events, it is worth the trial, and we shall be glad if our readers can inform us of practical experiments on the subject. — Scientijic Ameri- can. Ripening Feiht. — Acting upon the princi- pal that removal of the earth immediately surrounding the roots increases their activity and accelerates the maturing of all parts of the plant, including the fruit, Mr. Stall re- moved the earth about an early pear tree eight weeks before the normal period of rijiening, for a space of thirteen to fifteen feet in diam- eter, and to such an extent as to leave a depth of earth over the roots of only about two to four inches, which could be thoroughly warmed by the sun. He was surprised not only by the ripening of the fruit in the mid- dle of July, but also by its superior juiciness and flavor. In another experiment the re- moval of the earth from the north side of a tree alone caused the fruit on that side to ripen several days earlier than that on the south side. Frequent watering was of course necessary in the above exiJeriments. — Vine- yard Gazette. The cranberry is cultivated in Wisconsin and some of the other Western States on a pretty large scale, by simply building dikes for keeping out sui-i^'us water from the swamps on the margin of lakes. It is claimed that a capital of only twenty dollars per acre is requirud for successful cultivation of the cranberry there, while, in New England, it often costs from two to three huudi'cd dollars per acre. Several gentlemen interested in the cultivation of this fruit at the West have lately visited Eastern capitalists and a meeting for discussing the subject has been held in Husio Hall, Boston. Market-Gardening In the Rural Dis- tricts. The census often shows the drift of farm- life more accurately than any partiid observa- tion, however minute. It is quite clear, from the returns already examined, that there is a decrease in the amnuut of live-stock in the New England and Middle States during the past decade, and likewise a decrease in the yield of stable grains, while there will be shown a large increase in the crops of vegeta- bles aud in garden products. This shows pretty conclusively that grain-farming and live-stock raising, does not pay so well as some other branches of farming. The city and village population has increased, and the farmers in the immediate vicinity of these large towns are turning their attention more to supplying their daily wants. They can sell l^otatoes and turnips every day in the year if they have them, aud garden products al- through the summer and fall. There is, how- ever, a brisk demand for podltry, eggs, milk, calves, lambs, and swine, and they very pro- perly raise what the market demands. How much does a fool generally weigh? simple ton. A California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. How to Take Care of Bulbs. S soon as their beauty of flower is over, we always cut off the flower etema just below the lowest flower, and for this reason: the hyacinth and tulip both seed freely, particularly the latter; if the bulb is forming seed, its strength is in a great measure wasted by that process; whereas if the flower-stem is cut ofl', the bulb has no- thing to do but to prepare itself with vigor for blossoming the ensuing year. We pay gi-eat attention to the protection of the leaves of both hyacinths and tulips, and never allow them to be interfered with iintil nature indi- cates, by the decay of their points, that the bulb is preparing for rest. We then foUo-v a course with both hyacinths and tulips which we believe many do not; that is, we take them up before the leaves are quite decayed, and for this reason: we believe that both of them, after the bulbs have attained this period of growth, are only weakened by remaining in ground, because the ofl'sets are living upon the parent bulb, and conseqiaently weakening it for the flower of the following year. If a cul- tivator wishes for stock, he should let his bulbs remain until the leaves are quite de- cayed. If he wants his bulbs to flower in beauty again, he should follow the practice above mentioned. When taken up, the bulbs should be removed to a shed sheltered from the sun but free to the air, and any earth ad- hering to the fibres or roots should remain for some little time; after two or three days they should be looked after and the loose earth shaken from them; and, as the leaves decay, they should be occasionally removed. We have generally placed our bulbs at first on the ground, iu the tool-shed, and as they got dry removed them to an airy shelf. When the leaves are nearly decayed, we place them in very shallow baskets, and allow as much air as practicable to be between each root to harden them, turning them every two or three days. By this treatment, and rubbing off any portion of mold attached to the bottom and sides, they are iu a fit state to be placed for the summer in a dry room; and by a little occasional attention, the rough and outside coat will, by a gentle side-pressure of the thumb, be eflectually removed, and exhibits the appearance of the bulb clean, smooth, and in good condition. This latter operation is best performed in the end of August, and at the end of that time remove the remains of such jiarts of the root of the former year as may have droj'ped off previous to this time. It is hardly necessary to state that any bulb in an unsound state, either from apjjearanfe of decay or from having been injured in tak- ing up, should not be put with those intended for future planting. — The Garden. Tuberose Bulbs — How to Pkeseeve Them. There are a few rules that the novice in these matters must bear in mind. Do not under- take to dry the bulb with all the top on; do not cut it off too near the crown of the bulb. Either proves injurious. The first, because there is such a mass of green, succulent growth to wither up, and consequently to en- gender decay; and the latter because there will be great danger of destroying the germ in the center. I have seen bulbs to all outward appearances sound and healthy, but when I examined this vital point I found it gone be- yond recovery, and the bulb was necessarily worthless. My practice is to dig them as soon as the first frost injures the leaves, cut them down to say three inches of the bulb, and then spread them thinly on a shutter, or, what is better, a shitted frame, and place them in the sun or near the fire heat, until every vestige of moisture has dejiarted. It is really wonderful how much vitality there is in the leaves of this beautifnl flower, for not urifre- (jueutly one has to wait for several weeks be- fore they are ready to store away. When once thoroughly dried, I simply place them iu a box without auy packing material what- ever, and keep them in a warm and perfectly dry place. The cellar near a furnace -will answer, provided there is no dampness iu the air. It is a good plan to examine them care- fully during the winter to see if there is any moisture present, and if it is detected, take them out at once, and again spread thinly over the top of a furnace or other sm'face, to remain until dry once more. — Ex. (!;duc«iti0uul What Should Young People Read? i& J;T is very hard for boys and girls between ten and twenty to believe what older peojjle tell them concerning the selection of reading matter. If a book is interest- ing, exciting, thrilling, the- young folks want to read it. They like to feel their hair stand on end at the hairbreadth escapes of the hero, and their nerves tingle to the ends of their fingers at his exploits, and their faces burn with passionate sympathy iu his tribu- lations— and what harm is there in it? Let us see what harm there may bo. You know very well that a child fed on candy and cake and sweetmeats soon loses all healthy appe- tite for nutritious food, his teeth grow black and crumble away, his stomach becomes de- ranged, his breath otteusive, and the whole physical and mental organization is dwarfed and injured. When he grows older he wiU crave spices and alcohol to stimulate his ab- normal appetite and give pungency to taste- less though healthful food. No man grows up from such childhood to have positions of trust and usefulness in the communily where he lives. The men who hold those positions were fed with milk and bread when they were young, and iipt with trash. Now, the mind, like the body, grows by what it feeds upon. The girl who fills her brain with silly, sentimental, love sick stories grows up into a silly, sentimental, lackadaisi- cal woman, useless for all the noble and sub- stantial work of life. The boy who feeds on sensational newspapers and exciting novels has no intellectual muscle, no commanding will to make his way iu the world. Then, aside from the debilitating etfeet of such read- ing, the mind is poisoned by impure associa- tions. These brilliant stories have always murder, or theft, or lying, or knavery as an integral jjart of their issue, and boys while reading them live in the oomjjanionshiiJ of men and women, of boys and girls, with whom they would be ashamed to be seen con- versing, whom they would never think of in- viting to their houses and introducing to their trends, and whose very names they would not mention iu polite society as associates and equals. Every book that one reads, no less than every dinner that one eats, becomes part and parcel of the individual, and we can no more read without injury an unwholesome book or ijcriodical than we can eat tainted meat and not sutt'er thereby. Just as there are everywhere stores full of candy and cake, and liquor, and tobacco, and spices, so there arc everywhere books, newspapers and maga- zines full of the veriest trash, and abounding iu everything boys and girls should not read. And just as the healthful stomach, jiassing all these pernicions baits, will choose .sound ali- ment, so the healthful mind will reject the unwholesome literature current everywhere, and select such as is intrinsically good. The other d.ay we picked up a popular juvenile weekly, and presently found ourself knee-deep in slang, ov<'r our head in vulgar allusion, and in the midst of a low-lived met- ro|>olitan crowd, where cock-fights, dog-fights and man-fights were the condiments oflfered to whet the appetite for reading; and yet we know families where that pajjcr is regularly taken. Do the parents read itV Do they know what company their children are keep- ing? But, says the young inquirer. What shall we read, and how shall we know if books are suitable? Head such books as give you valu- able information, works that are approved by people of correct judgment. Our leading magazines contain a vast amount of reading, interesting alike to young and old. Do not read what renders distasteful the duties of life, or renders vice atti-aetive, or makes you long for an impossible and romantic career. A correct taste, once formed and carefully con- sulted, will enable you to select the good and eschew the pernicious. "Might I give counsel to any young bearer, ' ' says Thackery in his lecture on Prior, Gray and Pope, "I would say to him, try to fre- quent the company of your betters. In books and life that is the most wholesome society; learn to admire rightly, the great pleasure of life isiu that. Note what the good men admire; they admire good things; narrow spirits ad- mire basely and worship meanly. — A'. T. Tribune. It is often said" that students of agricultural colleges do not, in after hfe, pursue agricul- ture as a profession; but this cannot be ai>- plied to the college at Lansing, Michigan. According to President Abbott, at least forty- two per cent, of the living graduates of that institution are engaged in farming or garden- ing. If all our agricultural colleges can make this kind of a showing, there will be less cause for growling about them than people suppose. — Frairie Farmer. One of the most important errors in educa- tion is the idle vanity that looks for every- thing before its time, and will have fruit be- fore flowers, in order to enjoy the surprise of the guests at seeing the table decked with the evidences of Summer when the earth without is covered with ice and snow. Such things are always pleasing to the eye, even when the growth is not natural. A precocious child, however, seldom grows up into a valuable man. — Jacoha. The line of conduct chosen during the five years from fifteen to twenty, will, in almost every instance, determine the character for life. As a young man is then careful or care- less, prudent or improvident, industrious or indolent, truthful or dissimulating, ignorant or intelligent, temperate or dissolute — so will he be in after years; and it needs no prophet to cast his horoscope or calculate his chances in life. < o > Thinking. — Thinking, not growth, makes perfect manhood. There are some who, though they have done growing, are still only boys. The constitution may be fixed, while the judgment is immatiwe; the limbs may be strong, while the reasoning is feeble. Many who can run, and jump, and bear any fatigue, can not observe, can not examine, can not reason nor judge, contrivB nor execute — they do not think. Accustom yourself, then, to thinking. Set yourself to understand whatever you see or read. To run through a book is not a dilfi- cult task, nor is it a very profitable one. To understand a few pages only is far better than to read the whole, where mere reading it is all. If the work does not set you to thinking either you or the author must be very de- ficient. It is only by thinking that a man can know himself. Yet all other knowledge without this is splendid ignorance. Not a glance merely, but much close examination will be requisite for the forming of a true opinion of your own power."i. Ignorance and self-con- ceit always tend to make you overrate y(mr jiersonal "ability — as a slight degree of know- ledge may malie a timid mind i>ass upon him- self too huiul)le a judgment. It is only by thinking, and much impartial observation. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. m qjllEVERAGES, so called, are tempters to HI ji the first steps towards drwukenness. At 'jiyjf the appropriate seasons, the newspapers CJr, abound in receipts for making various (^jd^ kinds of summer drinks, wines, cor- dials, beers, and cider. There is no easier and more certain way of making a family of drunkards than by having such things al- ways at hand, "in case of sickness," as it is termed. I know a man, my neighbor for many^years, who was accustomed to "lay in" a barrel of cider every autumn, and it was placed on the table every day until exhausted; but every day it became more sour, alcoholic; and by the time it was out, the stimulus of it was so decided that a disagreeable want was experienced, and it was determined that next year he would lay in two barrels; at length six barrels were laid in for the winter's supply; meanwhile, my friend and neighbr had be- come a habitual drinker, on rising, at break- fast, at dinner, in the middle of the afternoon, and from supper until late bed-time; cider is too tame now; his position and means demand and supply the costliest brandies; he is sel- dom drunk, but always full; there does not live anywhere a more honorable and high- minded man; in all business transactions he has maintained the very highest position for incorruptible integrity, and as a neighbor and friend and good citizen, he has no sujjerior; but take from him the brandy bottle for a day and he would go mad, or die of exhaustion — of an insufferable sinking. It is an incontrovertible physiological fact, that any artificial stimulus continued for a few days, makes the system feel the want of it, instinctively lean upon it, and look for it; but ibis is not all: the same amount of stimula- tion is demanded every day; but to create that amount, a larger and an increasing quantity of the stimulus becomes necessary, or it must be more frequently supplied. No habitual user of spirits, or of tea and coffee, cau pos- sibly deny this, after ten years' practice; as proof, see how much oftener they drink or smok or chew than when they first entered on the miserable, useless and degrading career of self-indulgence. The truth is, there is no safety except in absolute refusal even to taste a drop or chew an atom. He who takes one drop may die in the gutter; he who has the high moral courage to refuse that first drop, that first atom, never can! I kuow a whole family of beautiful grown- up daughters, not one of whom by any chance ever refuses, at home or at a party or on a jiicnic, to take a glass of brandy, toddy or any of its likes. The habit was for-med by the mother making brandy the panacea for every stomach-ache, for nausea, for faintness, for bodily derangement, for a chill, for an over- work or an over-meal. — Boston Watohtiutn and Refleclur. The liveh, weighing about four pounds, is the great wheel of life's machine; it regulates the whole mechanism of man; when it "acts," works well, every other wheel, gland, factory, works with it; when it stops, is "torpid," the whole system begins to get out of order; the feet become cold; the head aches; the mouth tastes bad; there are pains at the edges of the ribs; at the shoulder blades; on the tops of the shoulders; the body is chilly; the mind is confused; the spirits despondent; the dispo- sition fretful, peevish and complaining; there is no ambition, no animation, no hfe; and if these things are allowed to go on, especially if moodiness is cherished and melancholy feelings are indulged in, the end is suicide. This unhappy state of mind ana body is the result of what is called "biliousness," that is, the liver, whose office it is to withdraw the bile from the blood, fails to perform that duty, and the blood, having more and more bile in it, becomes more and more impure, thickens more and more, until at length it is almost too thick to flow at all; if this take place in the chest, it is called congestion of the lungs; if in the liver, congestion of the liver; if in the skull, congestion of the brain; if in the whole body, it is oongestive fever, which gen- erally means death. Some of these conges- tions may arise from other states than a dis- ordered liver. The bile is composed mainly of those' waste portions of the human machine, which, hav- ing subserved their jjurpose, are not further needed, but require to be removed from the body; and in the wonderful wisdom and econ- omy of the great Architect of our frame, and of all worlds, the very passing out of this waste is made to answer a, purpose funda- mentally essential to all human health; for, after having eaten a meal, the bile is conveyed into the intestinal canal, drop by drop, caus- ing an action which results in the regular daily motion of the bowels, without which there can never be good health for forty-eight hours at a time; hence, "constipation" shows that the liver is not working healthfully, and remedies are required which "act upon the liver," There are two safe, unmedicinal modes of acting on the liver, of starting the machinery of life, when it tends to stand still: go to bed, wrap up warm, make hot applica- tions to the feet, drink warm teas abundantly so as to cause profuse perspiration for two or three hours; a better plan is, go to work in the open air and keep at it, to the extent of exciting a gentle perspiration until tired or very hungry, for whatever starts perspiration on the skin starts the wheel of the liver to working, and the person gets well apace. — Di'. Hall's Journal. Dyspepsia. — The most universal cause of dyspepsia is eating too often, too fast, and too much. The general rules should be: 1 — Eat thrice a day. 2 — Not an atom between meals. 3 — Nothing after two o'clock but a piece of cold bread and butter and one cup of hot di-ink. i — Spend half an hour at least in taking each meal. 5 — Cut up all meats and hard food in pea- sized pieces. 6 — Never eat enough to cause the slightest uncomfortable sensation afterward. 7 — Never work or study hard within half an hour of eating. The most universal and infallible indication that a person is becoming dyspeptic is some uncomfortable sensation coming on uniformly after each meal, whether that be in the stom- ach, throat or any where else. The forma- tion of wind in the stomach, indicated by eructation, belchiugs, or otherwise, demon- strates that dyspei^sia is fixing itself in the system. Then there is only one course to pursue, and that is infallible : eat less and less at each meal, until no wind is generated and no other uncomfortable sensation is experi- enced in any part of the body. No medicine ever cured confirmed dyspepsia; eating plain food regularly and living out of doors indus- triously, will cure most cases. — Dr. Mall's Journal. Tea and Coffee. — The following result of an analysis of adulterated tea, which is given by Dr. Smith in his work on "Foods," is a fair illustration: "Iron, plumbago, chalk, China clay, sand, Prussian blue, tumeric, indigo, starch, gyp- sum, catechu, gum, the leaves of the camellu, savangua. CldoranUms officinalis, elm, oak, willow, poplar, elder, beech, hawthorne, and sloe." It will be observed that in this sample there was not a single leaf of genuine tea, while there were two or three poisonous substances. Prussian blue contains a large proportion of prussic acid, one of the most deadly poisons known. Green and black tea are both made from the same plant, the only difference be- ing in the mode of preparation. In general, the only ditt'erence is thaa green tea is colored with Prussian blue. According to reliable au- thorities, the proportion of the poison used is ojie grain to every ounce of tea! How many thousands may have been the unsuspected victims of this wholesale poisoning. This mode of adulteration is exceedingly common with the Chinese in their preparation of tea for foreign markets. It is well known that they never use green tea themselves, on this account. During the single month of July, 1872, 183, out), 000 pounds of tea passed through the English custom house, of which 10,01)0,000 pounds were found so badly adulterated us to be entirely unsafe for use. Here are a few of the diseases resulting from the use of tea, coffee, chocolate and sim- ilar beverages: Nervousness, sleeplessness, hypochondriasis, sick headache, insanity, tre- mens, convulsions, paralysis, insensibility, torpidity and congestion of the liver, vertigo, palpitation of the heart, tawny and torpid skin, consumption and other lung diseases, all sorts of nervous diseases, decay of the teeth, loss of sense of taste, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, dyspepsia, general muscultu' and nervous debility, epileijsy, cancer, and defec- tive circulation. Ask the tobacco-user, whose whole body is saturated with the filthy poison, if his nature makes any remonstrance to his daily abuse. He will tell you. No. Put the same question to the confirmed inebriate, and although his blood may contain so much alsohol as to be inflammable, he will tell you that it does him no harm. The user of tea will declare that the beverage is absolutely indispensable for the maintenance of his life; and the opium eater will declare that his daily dose of mor- phia "does him good." Even the most invetei-ate user of either tea or coffee can cease its use at once without any fears of shortening his life by doing so, al- though he may feel as though death would certainly result. All his bad feelings are simply evidences of the injury which the tea and coffee have already done, and not of the necessity for their use, or of any injury re- sulting from abstaining from them. But when so sudden a change is made, the individual should make an exclusive business of it. Lay aside all cares and responsibilities. Do not attemjjt to pursue your usual avocations, at least, let only a very small proportion of the ordinary amount of work be done. Avoid anything taxing or unpleasant. Secure rest and quiet. If the head aches severely, and the nerves seem to be all unstrung, apply hot cloths to the heavl for a few minutes, take a tepid bath, and go to bed. A few days of persevering effort will end the struggle and give you the victory. A less satisfactory plan is to gradually de- crease the strength of the beverage and the frequency of its use until it can be relin- quished without notice. — Ueallh Reformer. The deepest well in the world is in the vil- lage of Speremburg, twenty miles from Ber- lin, Prussia. It was bored by the German Government for a suppl3' of rock-salt. Ope- rations were commenced five years ago by sinking a shaft sixteen feet in diameter, and salt was reached at the depth of 287 feet. In order to find how thick the salt was, boring was commenced at a diameter of thirteen inches, to a depth of 960 feet farther, always boring into rock salt. Encouraged by this, a steam engine was erected, and the boring con- tinued by its help until the present time, when a total depth of •l,19i feet has been attained, without having gone through the salt deposit, which is here at least 3,907 feet thick, while it it not known how much thicker it may yet be found to be. The end of everything — The letter g. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^1> that a man can discover his real disposition. A hast3' temper only supposes itself properly alive; an iudoleiit iudulger imagines he is as active as any one; but by close and severe examination each may discover something nearer the truth. Thinking is, indeed, the very germ of self- cultivation — the source from which all vital intfuence springs. Thinking will do much for an active mind, even in the absence of books, or living instructors. The reasoning faculty grows firm, expands, discerns its own power, acts with increasing facility, precision and extent, under all its privations. Where there is no privation, but every help from former thinkers, how much may we not ex- pect from it! Thus great characters rise. While he who thinks little, though much he Bees, can hardly call anything he has his own. He trades with borrowed cajiital, and is on the high road to literary, or rather to mental, bankruptcy. How to Eat an Orange. A correspondent of the Jlume Journal writes: Always on a Southern gentleman's table the dessert of oranges is furnished with small silver fruit-knives and spoons. The orange is held in a najikin — just as you hold an egg — and with the slender point of the knife a circular incision is carefully made made in the stem end of the orange, and the stem core is nicely cut out, leaving an orifice large enough for an egg-spoon. The orange is held and eaten then, just as gourmands eat an egg, in its own shell; and the skill and grace with which this is done — that is, without soiling the lingers or na]jkin — are, as in the same process with the egg, a test of good breeding. I have known the most inexpert person to master the few difficulties in the way after two or three efforts; and their satisfaction was an infinitely pleasant sight. To the hostess who likes to have the table preserve in some degree, at the close of an entertainment, the beauty which dazzled the guests upon entering, this method is most de- sirable. Servants — let me put in a plea for those silent ones whose interests are two sel- dom regarded— are spared the tedious duty of gathering up the fragments; and guests who look with dismay at this tempting apple of the Hesperides, can thus enjoy it as they never did before. Only the delicious nectar of the fruit is eaten, with the more delicate pulp, the tough fibre— of which, indeed,there is very little in an orange plucked from the tree under its own skies — being left in the shell. I trust you will try this method, which ■we of the coast country along our Mississippi river think is the only elegant way to get at the heart of the matter. O, those dainty dejninei-s of the past, with their fruit and flowers, and wit, and grace, and rippling laughter, in the fairest land that ever the skies bent over, our Beautiful, our Desolate. What Might be Done. The following is an extract from a speech of r. T. Barnum at Philadelphia: I will undertake, and give bonds for the fulfillment of the contract, that if the city of I'hiladelphia will stop selling liquor and give me as much as was exiiendcd hero for liquor last year, to run the city next year, I will pay all the city exjjenses (pause); no person liv- ing within her borders shall pay taxes (pause); there shall be no insurance on pro- perty (jianse); a good dress and suit shall be given to every poor boy, girl, man and woman (pause); all the educational expenses shall bo paid (pause); a barrel of tlour shall bo given to every needy and worthy person (sensation); and I will clear a half miilion or a million dol- lars myself by the operation! (cries of "hur- rah!") It would be the best business specu- lation I was ever in. Unfortunately they \youIdn't give it to me. As Benjamin Frank- lin said, "we are paying too dear for our whistle." gano Mil (ftivl 5. Helping Papa and Mamma. c^ ft\LANTING the corn and potatoes, HitJI Helping to Bcatter the Beods, f**' Feeding the hens and the chickens, Freeing the garden from weeds, Drivinj,' the cows to the paKture, Feeding the horse in the stall — We little children are busy; Sure, there is work for lis all. Helping papa. Spreading the hay in the sunshine. Raking it up when 't is dry. Picking the apples and peaches Down in the orchard hard by. Picking the grapes in the vineyard, Gathering-nuts in the Fall — "We little children are busy: XeB, there is work for us all. Helping papa. Sweeping, and washing the dishes, Bringing the wood from the shed. Ironing, sewing, and knitting. Helping to make up the bed. Taking good care of the baby. Watching her lest she should fall — "We little children are busy: O, there is work for us all. Helping mamma. "Work makes us cheerful and happy. Makes us both active and strong; Play we enjoy all the better When we have labored so long, Gladly we help our kind parents. Quickly we come at their call; Children should love to be busy: There is much work for us all, Heljiing papa and mamma. A True Hero, A boy about nine years old was bathing one day, when, by some mistake, he got into deep water and began to sink. His elder brother saw him, and ran to save him, but lacking strength or skill, he also sank to the bottom of the river. As the two drowning brothers rose to the surface for the last time, they saw a third brother, the youngest of the family, running down the bank for the jjurpose of trying to save them. Then it was that the nine-year-old acted the part of a hero. Strug- gling as he was with death, he gathered all his strength, and cried to his brother on the shore, "Don't come in, or father will lose aU his boys at once!" Noble little fellow! Though during, he for- got himself, and thought only of his father's grief. He was a genuine hero. His brother obeyed his dying comm.and, and was spared to comfort his father when his two dead sous were taken from the river clasped in each others arms. < e » Mary was the proprietress of a diminutive, incipient sheep, whose outer covering was as devoid of color as congealed vajaor, and to all localities to which Mary iieramlnilated, her young Southdown was morally certain to fol- low. It tagged her to the dispensatory of learning, one diurnal section of time, which was contrary to all precedent, and excited the cachinnation of the seminary attendants, when the children perceived the presence of the young quadruped at the estabHshnieut of in- struction. Consequently, the preceptor ex- pelled him from the interior, but he continued to remain in the immediate vicinity, and tar- ried in the neighborhood without fretfulness until Mary once more became visible. " Mother, mother," cried a young rook, returning hurriedly from its first flight, "I'm so frightened! I've seen such a sight!" "What sight, my son?" asked the rook. "Oh! white creatures, screaming and running, straining their necks, and holding their heads ever so high. See, mother, there they go!" " Geese, my son; merely geese," calmly re- plied the sapient parent bird. "Through life, child, observe, that when you meet any one who makes a great fuss about himself, and tries to lift his head higher than the rest of the world, you may set him down at once to bo a goose." The Pineapple. The history of the pineapple dates back for three or four centuries. Columbus found it on the Island of Guadalupe in 14U2. The •Japanese cultivated it as early as 1599, and if is supposed that it was first brought to Eu- rope from Jaua. It appears that this fruit was transplanted from South America to Asia and Africa; for, in lo\)'2, it was carried to Ben- gal and China from that country. It thrived in Brazil, and, according to Humboldt, grows wild in the forest of Orinoco. They spoil very easily, and sometimes during the voyage here the whole cargo of a vessel is spoiled. It is considered a good trip if three-fourths of a cargo is in good condition when the vessel arrives. This depends not only on the length of the voyage, but also upon the bad weather experienced, thunder showers being particu- larly destructive to them. It is estimated that four million two hundred thousand piue- ajiples are brought into New York annually. The business of canning this fruit is becoming quite extensive, and likewise profitable, and several firms are engaged in this j^reijaratiou, and they put uj) at least a million pineapples in cans every year. Treatment op Animaxs and Implements on THE Farm. — Is not the following as applicable to California as to the South '? If a southern farmer wants a wagon he buys it where best he can — most likely through some dry goods merchant, who secures the sale by exhibiting to the inquiring farmer a beautiful chromo, painted with all the colors of the rainbow. The vehicle is bought at the cost of a hund- red dollars or more, possibly on a credit with fifty per cent, profit to the vendor, and finally reaches home as prett3' as a picture. Left in the horse-lot on its arrival, there it stands, subject to winter's rains or summer's suns, except when in use, until every vestige of paint has scaled ofl', nuts and bands become loose, and wheels so rickety that the running gear can scarcely sustain itself, when the owner pronounces the manufacturer a cheat and his wagon " no account." The same ve- hicle, kept closely housed at all times, day and night, except when in actual use, would last almost a life-time and look fresh until it is worn out. But to shelter these vehicles would require the building of sheds, and building sh^ds ne- cessitates spending money, and money is the very thing we farmers do not have. This is the excuse of many farmers who have no shelter for vehicles on their farms, and not very desirable stables or houses for their stock in most cases. But it is an excuse without reason, for there is not a farmer in the South who cannot, by his own labor, free of the expenditure of a dime, build a shed that would shelter his implements from the weather. The jjloughs, that might be secured some- where under shelter, are seldom brought nearer than a fence corner in the lot and there left until the next time they are needed, if it should not Ije for six months. — Rural Carolinian for xipril. ■ ^> ■» I The Pacific Jockey Club of San Francisco oft'er a purse of $:!0,000 at their November meeting, for a four-iuile-and-repeat race — • SlS.UOtl to the first h(U-se, $G,OUO to the sec- ond, $5,000 to the third, and $4,000 to the fom-th. It seems that when there is so much money to spend in stimulating the breeding of race horses, our agricultural societies ought to do something to encourage the raising of fai'm and draft stock. If the sums above mentioned were ort'ered to the men who in five years from this time would exhibst tho best home-bred farm horse, we doubt not tho result would be beneficial to the State — iSenii- Tropical Farmer. " Do you like codfish balls, Mr. Wigging?" Mr. Wiggins, hesitatingly — "I really don't know; I don't recollect attending one." (^Ii?s^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. SPKOUT PRUNING. We desire to say a word to orchardists, and all others, about Buckering fruit trees. It is a common practice for persons in summer to go about amongst their trees and cut or break off the sprouts and suckers that are growing out where limbs are not wanted to grow. Now we expostulate. We say don't do it. It is not the right season to trim foliage from the trees, and it cannot be done without injury to the vitality of the tree. This is particularly the case with trees that have been heavily pruned, or that were grafted last spring or the year before. Such trees are most likely to throw out a good many shoots from the trunk and limbs, and because such shoots are not wanted to make limbs they are ruthlessly cut away. Our reasons, founded on experi- ence and the most careful observation, are these : The tree needs leaves to absorb nutri- ment from the air and assimulate the same, induce a healthy circulation of the sap, shade the limbs and trunk of the tree, etc., all very important oflBces to the life, health and value of the tree. Nature puts out these shoots from such parts of the tree as are most likely to produce healthy leaves which can most perfectly i:)erform this office. The waste in growing these shoots is very little compared with the (jaiii through them to the rich juices that sustain the tree in vigor and growth. Where you think that these suckers are "sapping," as the saying is, the life from your scions, nip off the outer ends of the suckers only. By checking their rapid growth the sap will naturally flow into such scions or limbs as have not been molested and make them more vigorous; when if you cut away the suckers the sap of the whole tree becomes in a measure stagnated, and an imperfect di- gestion is sure to follow. "Sour sap, " with limbs exposed to the sun, will kill the limbs, and no tree can be deprived of its leaves, or any portion of them, at this season, without suffering proportionately. Next winter and sjiring you can cut away whatever growth is out of place or not wanted with comparative impunity. The tree is then at rest, the starch and sugar now being formed and absorbed through the leaves are then held in store in its vital juices. The buds left ou the tree next spring will be thrown into action to make new shoots and leaves. Healthy, strong, vigorous roots to a tree are of as much, or more importance than a good top. To keep the roots vigorous, a full top during the growing season is necessary. There is nothing vicious in suckers growing. It shows that a new stock of healthy leaves is needed to keep U]) an active circulating of the sap — that nature is true to herself, and re- sponds to the call where a balance of power is needed. Our advice is to the point: You may nip buck the suckers that seem to detract from the growth of other limbs or of scions, but don't remove them until after the fall of the leaf. Next winter, during pruning season, cut away all surplus growth not wanted It is never safe to remove large suckers from the tree during the gi'owing season, unless there is a great abundance of lirubs and leaves on the tree to give breath, draw nutrition and give vigorous circulation to the vitality of the tree. PUBLICATIONS. Hints and Helps in Our Temperance Work. This is a pamphlet of seventy-two pages, prepared by Miss Frances E. Willard, Cor- responding Secretary of the Woman's National Christian Temperance Union, containing full constitutions and plan of work for every de- partment of woman's Christian temperance work. State county and local unions, juvenile societies, etc., full of important hints and suggestions, making a valuable hand-book for all. Send 25 cents for this book, and you will always think it money well invested. Address J. N. Stearns, publishing agent, 58 Keade street, New York. The Science of Health For July commences volume seven of this vigorous, active, and most instructive month- ly. Its contents are more than usually di- versified; opening with an interesting sketch and fine portrait of the late lamented pub- lisher, Mr. S. K. WeUs, the interest is well sustained throughout. It is filled with excel- lent articles -on health subjects. The recipes of the department of Household and Agricul- ture are unusually full. Take it altogether it is a capital specimen number of that sort of literature which the masses of the people need to read. Price 20 cents. By the year, $2. An excellent premium is offered to those who subscribe for the year. Address, S. R. WeUs & Co., 737 Broadway, New York city. The Phrenological Journal, Published by the above firm, $3 a year, is one of the best publications in America, filled with rational, intellectual food. Mrs. Char- lotte Fowler Wells is now conducting the business of her late husband, and these pub- lications must continue to be as entertaining as heretofore. " Wide Awake." The first number of a beautiful illustrated children's magazine. Wide Awake, is on our table. It is edited by EUa Farman and pub- lished by D. Lothrop & Co., Boston, Mass. S>2 a year. A glance through it shows us a splendid assortment of rational, original mat- ter, just to suit boys and girls, tinted pages and lots of nice pictures in highest style of the art. Send 20 cents for a specimen num- ber. " Sunshine," Is our favorite magazine for the little ones. No clap-trap, wishy-washy trash in it, but pretty stories, pictures and other interesting matters that are worth reading because they entertain and hiive some point to them. This little waif is published at Santa Clara by two good-looking school-marms, and is only $1 10 a year, postage paid. Address "Sunshine," Santa Clara. We are under compliments to A. L. Ban- croft it Co., San Francisco, for a pink-covered novel entitled "The Woman of Fire, " by Adolphe Beloit, translated from the French. Now, we know nothing about the author, and don't care a fig for the contents, but by a glance through it we see it is a sort of sentimental love story. Of course, it was very consider- ate of B. & Co. to send us this novel to read during the hot weather, but we wish that when they send us another book to bo noticed they would send something worth noticing, worth reading, and something that we can recommend on its own merits to our readers. To grass with all such trash as this. The world is full of it, and none the better for it either. Meal-Feedinq and Animal Digestion, By L. W. Miller, Stockton, New York is the title of a little book published by request of the American Dairymen's Association. Price, 25 cents. This little work will be found valuable to all dairymen and others who feed grain, ground or whole, to animals. Inclose 25 cents to the author as above. The Statistician Is a monthly publication containing all sorts of statistics, such as cannot be found any- where else. Get a copy at the news-stand, examine it, and then subscribe. " Do you like codfish balls, Mr. Wiggins?" Mr. Wiggins, hesitatingly — "I really don't know; I don't recollect attending one." A Standard Tsnipsrance Frizs Sssaj. TO THE FRIENDS OF TEMPERANCE. Tlie Coinraittee appouited by the National Tern- peraiH'c Cniiveution, held at .Suralo/^a, in 1873, on the Bubjee-t of a Standard Temperance Work, de- cided to divide the work into three parts, and to ofier Two Prizes for each of the three essaye, to be open to all writers who choose to compete therefor, in this and other conntriea : 1. The Scientilic; embracing the Chemical, Phy- siolojiical, and Medical aspects. 2. The Historical, Stalislical, EconomicHl, and Political. 3. The .Social, Educ.itional, and Keligioiis. The fnnd at conmiand, thrunyh the eliblts of|Job 11. Jackson, of West Giove, Chester county. Pa., eiuibled the Connniltee to olfer one year ago Prizes of $'>(I0 and S3I10 for accepted nianuscripis for Part I, and the responses of writers, now ouuer examin- ation, lead the Committee to hope for a work of value eouMuensurate with the great cause it ia ex- pelled to pnmiole. This encouragement and the fnnd at command, and personal guarantee of Mr. Jackson, now further enables the Committee to annou[ice Two Prizes for Part II — the Hi.^toncal, Statistical, Economical and Political, and Two Prizes for Part III, embracing the Social, Educa- tional and Keligious relations of Temperance: viz.: For the best essay for each of these jiarts, adjudged satisfactory, the sum ot $5U0 will be p.aid; lor the second best essav, the sum of $300 will be paiil — accepted manuscripts to become the property of the National Temperance Society. The offers lor Part II and Part III will remain open to all competitors one year, till July 1, ISTfi. Manuscripts [with the names and addresses of the writers by whom they are forwarded for competi- tion, enclosed in separate sealed eurelopes, not to be opened till alter the award has been made] should he forwarded to A. M. PowELL, 5S Keade street. New York. The essays should be of such a character that, ■while adap'teii in style to iuterest the general read- er, they will also meet the demands of scholarly criticism. Those who intend to compete for the prizes of- fered for these essays, and who may desire more information as to the scope of the work and sni;- gested subdivisious, will be furnished with further particulars by applvin.g to Mr. Powell, as above. In order that the complete Standard Work may be placed before the public at the earliest practic- able day, the Committee urgently appeal to friends of temperance to promptly supply them with funds to meet the prizes announced and to publish the work. The sum of SoOO, at least, additional to that on band, will be required. Coutribntions may be sent lo Job II. Jacicson, Treasurer, West Grove Chester county, Pa.; to J. N. Stearns, PublishiuK Asent of the' National Temperance Society, 58 Keade street, New York, or to any member of the Committee. A. M. Powell, 1 Ja-mks Black, I E. C. YlTMAS, '-I A. A. MlHEK, Nkal Dow, J 5S Keade St., New York, March, 1875, Committee. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. A New Wurk bj' a Practical Painter, designed for the use of Tradesmen, Meclianics, Merch- ants, Farmers, and as a Guide to Professional Painters. Cuntainintia plain, coiumon eense Btate- of the methodB employed by Painters to produce sat- isfactory results in Plain and Fancy Paintinjf of every description, including Formulas fur Mix- ing Paint in Oil or Water, Tools required, etc. This is just the Book needed by any person having anything to paint, and makes *'every Man liis o^vn Painter.'* Full Directions for \ising IVliite Lead, Lamp- Black, Ivory Black, Prussian Blue, Ultra- Marine, Green, Yellow, Vermilion, Br<»ivn, Lake, Carmine, Whiting, Glue, Pumice Stone, AspUaltuin and Spirits of Turpen- tine, Oils, Varnislies, Furniture Varnish, Milk Paint, Preparing Kalsoikiine, PAINT FOE OUT-BUILDINQS, Whiteivash, Paste for Paper-IIan^fing', Graining in Oak, Maple, Maliogany, Rose- wood, Black Walnut; Hanging- Paper, Staining, Gilding, Bronzing, Transferring DeciLlcoinania, Making Rustic Pictures, Painting Flo%%'er-Stand, Mahogany Polish, Roseivood Polislu Varnishing Furniture, W^axing Furniture, Cleaning Paint, PAINT FOR FAEMING TOOLS, for 3Iachinery, a»iid for lIous<-Uold Fixtures, TO PAINT A FARM WAGON, to Re-variiislt a Carriage, to nmke Plaster Casts. The work is neatly printed, with illustra- tions wherever they can serve to make the subject plainer, and it will save many times its cost yearly. Every family should possess a copy. Price by mail, post-paid. $ I , Address Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, SAN JOSE, CAL. SUBSCRIBE FOK THE U N S II I N JL^ J — THE ONLY — CHILDHEFS MAGAZIITE Published on ' THE PACFIC COAST. Only Sl.lO a, Year. AsmBLnmroa childeen! And one Oiat will continue A Source of Pleasure Dui-ing the whole year. Address. SUNSHINE, Postofflce Box 288 Santa Clara. Milton Campbell. l>EALhU IN — SAX JO SIC FARI\^ERS' UPliOEy. (Successors to A, Phister & Cn.) Corner of Second and Santa wlara Sts., BAN JOSE. CAPITAL $i 00,000. Wm. Ehkson, President. H. E. Hills, Manager. Directors I Wm. Erkson, J. P. Dnrlley, L. F, Chipman, David Campbell, Horarp Little, James Sin^letun, O. T. Settle, E. A. Braley, Thomas E. Snell. STOVES, PUMPS, lEON PIPES. TIN ROOFING, ETC., ETC. 3S5 riUST ST., near Central Market. UP" Will do a General Mercantile Business. Also, re<-five diptisits, on which such inti-roBt will be al- lowt'ti as m;iy be agreed iipon, and make loans on ap- proved security. ST^isr JOSE SAVBE^GS BAi^K, 28G Santa Clara Street. OAnTAL STOCK . . Paid in Capital (Geld Coin) ORicera: President , Vice-President. Cashier $200,000 $300,000 ..John H. Moore S. A. Bi.snop .H. H. Keynolds Directors : John H . Moore, Dr. B. Bryant, H. Mabury. S. A. Bishop, H. H. Keynoldfi, James Hart, James W. Whiting. NEW FEATURE: This Bank issues " Deposit Keteipts," bearing inter- est at G, 8 and 10 percent per annum; iuterett payable promi^tly at the end of six months from date of de- posit. The " Receipt" may he transferred by indorse- ment and the prin<-iple with interest paid to holder. Interest also allowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of dejioKlt. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe-keeping of Bonds, Stocks, Papers, Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. l>raw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Currency, at reasonable rates. Buy a!id sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. National Gold Bank OF SAN JOSE. Palil up Capital (Gold Cuin) »500,000 Authorized Capital 81, 000, 000 President JOHN W. niNDS Vice-PRSideut E. C. SINOI.KTAKY Cashier W. T, T1SD.4.LE Directors : C. Bnri'el. C. G. Ilamsnn, Will. II. Tisilnlo, E. 0. SiilKletaVY, E. h. Bradley, Wm. L. TiBdnlo, John TV. Hinds. FARtVSERS, PAIITT YOUn BUILDIUfiS — AKT TOUR- IMPIiEMEUTS J USE THE BEST I "U'ill allow interest on DcpositR. buy nnd Bell Ex- change, make collections, loan money, and transact A General Banking Business. special inducements offered to farmei*?, mcrchantg, mechanics, and all classes for conuncrcial accounts. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., S.VN JOSK. BCp r S E THE MILLIHFM It Costs Less, Lasts Longer and Looks Brighter thun Any Other Good Paint. It Does not Cracky nor Chalky nor Feel Off, SEE THAT YOUR PAINTER USES IT. Remember, it is prepared in Liquid Form, ready for application; can be obtained of Any Shade or Color, and is Composed of the Beet Miiterials, thoroughly in- corporated, so that it does not spoil by standing. For Beauty of Finish and Brilliancy of Color it Is ^vithout a rival. Remember, with this Paint you can do your own painting better than it can be done with any other Paint. It is always Ready for Use. Paint your Houses— Paint your Wagons, Mowing Machines, Plows, etc., etc. It Pays in the lon'g run to do it. The Averill Paint is the Paintfor everybody the B< St and M'^st E. Dimmlral Paint in the world. Ask youi" Btore-keepcr for it. lim M Eooms, No. 331 Santa Clara st., San Jose. A- C. PEB-KIITS, Agent for Santa Clara County, Tlie SiiifjT*'"' Sewiiif; Macliine Coiipany sold, in 1873. ;;«'J, 444 Machines, and li:),;i34 MOItE THAN AA^Y OTHER SEWING MACHINE COMPANY. (P?~ We have a First-class iMachinist employed, and make the repairing of all sorts of Sewing Machines a specialty. Old machines taken in exchange for new. All work warranted. J. N. SPENCER, Real Estate Agent AND Auctioxxeer. General -INARMS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION — A Valley and Hill lauds— Hi(4li aud Low priced Farms— I'lirms to suit eviiybody. Corrcspondeuoe BDlieitcd. Business Chances a srecialty. Property of every description bonght and sold. Houses rented, and Loans negotiated. oc WM. SHEWS m PHOTOGENIC ESTABLIMENT, 11.5 KE.Ml.W ST., S.VN FK.VNCISCO. rpbis well knowu "Pulnce of Art," formerly lo- 1 catml m MontgonuTy St., No. 417, is now on Kearny St., No. 115 and has no connection wilh any other. StranRcrs visiting the City will find it I'ortheir interest to patroni/.a lliis cstaWishmeut for any kind of picture from Slinatnre to Life Size. N. B. The very best lienibrauilt Cards Album size $ jior'doz. eqiuil to any that cost $4 on Jlontgoiucry St.; other sizes eciually low in proportion. ap California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Tustin,'s Patent FIRST PREMIUM j. |\ WIND -MILLS! ■ — AND — HORSE-POWERS. Factory— Corner Market and |'?'/ Heai StB., San Francisco. Send for DESCEIPTIVE CIKCirLAKS. W. I TUSTIN, PATENTEE. THE PARKER GUN; .SEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR PARKER BROS WEST MERIDEN.CT. THE NEW IMPROVED \ Side Peed and Back Feed. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOST SIM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKET. Always in Order and My for Work,' If there is a FLORENCE MACHINE within one thousand miles of San Fran- cisco not working well, I will fix it with- out any expense to the owner- SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Street, GRAND HOTEL BUILDING, «AS PEANCISCO. V- THE Jackson Wagons Are known to be TKS BEST FAKm "WAOrOlXS Si.1,1 i.ii UiiB Coast. Si.l.l quite as low as the viTy in^LTiv i,n,. roues olTerert for Bale. We warrant them for tuo vi:,rs. For sale ill Sau Jose at San Frauclpoo liri.-. s by Hiigkell >& RIott, Agents, comer of Third and Santa Clara streets. J. ». ARTHUR & SON, Importers, San Francisco. HUBBARD & CO^ First Street, PSI SAN JOSE. wy* MEAT MARKET. SHERS^AN & HYDE, Cor. Kearny and Suiter Sis. SAW FRANCISCO, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN SHEET MUSIC, Musical Instruments, — AN D MUSICAL MEncnANnisE, Orders from the Interior pronaptly filled, MANUFACTUBEKS OF THE Acknowledged by Musicians to be the Best Lofl Priced Instruments ever offered for ealo on this Coast. THE UNEQUAIiIiED These Superb Instruments have achieved a pufci ss uiipiiralleled in the history of Piauo-lurto Mjimilai'ture. Tlicy are remarkable for Great Volume, Purity and Sweetness of Tone, aud Durability. THE CELEBRATED msmm T\\o :\InRt Ppsirable Instruments in the market for i-luuH li and piirlor. Ovtr 28.000 now in use. SHERMAN & HYDJ3, GESER.IL AGENTS, SAK FRANCISCO. ZiOcke c& Montague, IMPORTERS AND DEALEB8 IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware &c. 112 and 114 Battery Street SAN FRANCISCO. P. "W. Heardoa A Co. o Mile tike ('niivciit, SAN JOSE. JOHSr D. SCOTT, IVE.D., I'//i/sickm and Dnujgist. W. r. GnNCKKI,. mm a mm lec DENTISTS. S;,iiJ..su'. PELTON'S SZX-FOZiD HORSE-POWER TTAVING MADE NEW ARRANGEMENTS -*--*- with MR. McKENZIE, I am prepared to supply my Powers to all persons favoring me with their or- ders. All Powers hereafter manufactured can only be obtained of me or my Agents. In future they will be made under my directions and sijecifications, and nothing but a prime quality of Machinery Iron will be used in their manufacture. I have ' reatly imjarovedthe application and bracing of my Levers, which will give them ample strength. All Powers fully warranted. For further information send for circulars and price list to S. FE^TOZtr, Patentee. San Jose, California. R. C. Kirby & Co., OFFICE : 402 and 404 Battery St., San Francisco. JULY. 1 s. 4 1 1 18 25 M. 5 12 r9 26 T. 6 Ta 20 27 w. 7 14 21 28 T, 1 ~8 Ts 22 29 F. 9 16 23 30 s. 3 lO 1 7 24 25 Mr. STTJ-^VESAITT, Of Eilgewoocl, Poughkeepsie, New York, wishing to increase his Shorthorn herd of cattle, ofl'ers fur sale is entire herd of AYI\^SHII\E CATTLE, Containing; Twcnty-five Cows in milk and in calf tu ''ROBBIE BRUCE," TTndoul)tedly the fimst Ayrshire Imll in the country; four Heifers, due to ralf Ity tlie same Bull durin>^ the Sunnner; scvm Hi-ilt-r (';ilvfs, dropped this Sprint;; four Hull ('alvcs (if this Spriii;,;: one yearling Bull, and tlu; iiuU lU)BiilE mtlU'K. This entire herd will be Si dd fur the sura of $8,000. TUis herd IK cuniposr.i ol' Uic two entire herds for- merly belonging to Mr. \V. Biniiojof SpiingfieUl Mass., nnd Mr. II. H. CnlliuK. CoHinsviUo, Conn. Mr, Stuy- vesant having sonio years since bought these two en- tire herds, and having had a weeding out sale last fall. ^ Tht- above sti.>ck is now record^-d in Mr. Bagg's (Ca- nadian and American Ayrshire Herd Book. Mr. Stuy- visant. however, will agieo to recoril all this stuck cither in the new volume to be issued by the .\yi'Bhiiv Breedi-rs' AsBociation. or in Messrs. Sturtevant's new work ealled "North American Ayrshire Ilegistcr," or in both, to suit the bviyer. Mr. Stuyvesant was awarded the irEUD PUIZE at th<; New York State Tair at Koiluistor. last Fall, with largo competition. THE PEDIGREES of this stock are ail good. CHtulogues containing a description of the herd will be sent on application. Also, catalogue of llie small but value herd of Short- horns at Eiigewood written out on application. Address. -TNO. K. STUYVKHANT. Edgewood, Poughkeopsiu, Dutchess Co., N. Y. E. J. WILCOX, Wiicox Block, Xo.39 4 First St,, SAN JTOSE, CAIi. California and Eastern Made BOOTS AND SHOES, A Large and Superior Assortmeut. Ifo. 394 First Street, Wilcox Block, San Jose. I ALL KINDS OF ^ LUMBER, Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc Constantly on hand. All Orders Promptly Filled p. O. Box 509. These Valves are the sim- plest and iimst i>erfect in construc- tion of any Valve ever invented. Fur cheajiness, durability and capacity of distharging water, they are not equaled by any other Valve. We manufacture sizes from 3 to 7 inches diameter, and for Hand, Windmill and Horse-power or Steam Piimps. We also keep on hand and manufac- ture the best and cheapest Well Pipes. FRED. KLEIN, Dealer in Stoves, etc.. No. 2'27 Santa Clara street, a few doors west of the Postoffice. San Jose, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 327 First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOB Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. C, SCHRODEI^, CALIFORNIA CANS? FACIQE?, 349 Santa Clara Street, Near the Opera House, San Jose. Confectionery in Great Variety, Wliolseule and Retail. ft^ Orders promj^tly attended to, JEWELEF^S, % Wilcox Block, First St., San Jose. TRUE TIME BY TRANSIT. EEPAHsma a sfecialtt. Solo n{!.nts for the Chickering Piano »iiii Estey Organ. DI\. J. N. KLEIN, SURGEON DENTIST. RHODES Sl LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, No. 355 First Street, SAN JOSE. Boots and Shoes. HI Patent Pump Valve. Grain Dealer. Canily Factory. ywiit^i^ ^^^ pg^T^' Room next to WUUlllT'S rhot.turaph Cialicry, Santa ulara Street Volume 6. ITumter 8 Subscription Price, $1.50 a year. SAN JOSE, CAL., AUGUST, 1875. Single Copies, 15 cents. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Paff«14rt>, Filltorial. our FrieDiis. -Aiding Parturition. To 171« Kdi tor ial Notes. Kto. 173, Poetry.— Straw Stacks. Modem EtUicB. Labor. Keep t ho ll*E^Mit|^u8 You Can. Follow Up the Plow**'*rftaere' Song. Sow to Keap. The Sower. ' 17'.i, Kditorial.— Work for the Season. ■ 17*, Elditorlal, — Letter from Our Traveling Agent. '• 175, Editorial. — A Conservative Organ. Correspondence. — Letter from Monterey ' 176, Correspondence (coutinuetl) .— Culti- vation of Medicinal Plantb In California. Tbey Have Come to Slav, ' 177, Correspondence {continued), — A Plea for Cats . A Query About Haypresses Doiuestie. —Chats \. ith Farmers' Wives and Daughters (byJtwell). 178, Dontestic (continued) . — Familia Talks, A Farmer's "JewtU." Etc, 179, Apiary.— Bee-keeping in California. Best Bee Location. Etc. 180, The Horse. — Horses for Farm Use. Uorse-raciug at the State Fairs. Pisci- culture. — The Growth of Salmon. 181, Pisciculture (continued) . — Transporting Live Fish. Flo\«-er Garden. — Irrigation for Lawns. The Love aud Culture of Flow- ers. Remove the Flowers. ' 183, Stock Breeder.— Improvement in Our Domestic Animals. Inflammatory Fever in Cattlo. Short-Horn Cattle. Keep the Best Calves, Influence of the Male in Breeding. ' 183 Stock Breeder (continued),— Bunches in the Backs of Cattle. Poultry Yard. — How to Keep Poultry. Lice on Fowls. A Model Hen Farm. Brahmas versus Black Spanish Heus. Porcine. —Breeding Bet- Pigs. ' 184, Porcine (continued). — Hog Cholera. Byijienic- Does the Use of Flour Pro- mote Decay of Teeth? ' 185, Uyj;ienlc (contimied).— "What Smoking Does tor the Boys. Spectacles. Cure for a Felon. Burns and Freezes. Education- al .—What Shall We du with Our Daugh- ters? Begin Right. Science on the Farm. 186, Kducationnl (continued).— Facts from Fiu-niers Wanted, Household. — Love Lightens Labor. Letter From Nell Van. 187, Household Reading; (continued). — Taking it Coolly. Prolit ot Marrying. Kn- gaging Manners. A Happy Home. Show and Pride, Despondency. 178, Miscellaueons* FARMS FOR SALE. 537 ^crcs — A Good Graiu F;um, U miles Ki>uth(.'ast of San June, in the low hillw; two sniiill Houses and Barns; well fenced iufour firdds; several Good Springs aud Running Water; will make twi> good farms. Will sell half if desired. Price, $30 per acre. i7 ^cres — 15 acres First-Class Foreign Ces. in full bearing; good House and Improve- ments; 5 miles from City. $8,000- 35 ^cres — 15 acres in Grapes; near Isaac Bruuham's Place; &h miles out. $5,000« 158 Acres — Valley Land; Good Honse and fiiir improvements; 8 miles out; near Alntuden Iluad. Price, $6,250. ]si:o^EY~to LO^:Nr At Lowest Rates, and Insurance effected IN SIX LEADING COMPANIES. JAAXES A. CLAITTOZa-, an lieal Estata Agent, 290 Santa Clara Street. Pluhbing And_G-as Tmm, E. G. "VVTLSOIsT, No. 335 Santa Clara Street, San Jose, Ha-M on hand nil kinds of IKCSr AND XiSAD PIPES Fur gas aud water. Water Closets, AVash Basins, Rnth Tubs, Itlarble Slabs, Copper Boilers, Kiibber Hose, Etc, AGENCY FOE SLOUTHEE PUMP. Also a select stock of PLATED and BRASS GOODS, at the lowest marktit rates. All orders promptly at- tended to and neatly executed. au SHEEP "WAITTEID. 1,000 to 3,000 EWES, On Slkares, for a Temi of Tears. THE BEST OF REFERENCE GIVEN. AddrcRS— p. O. Bos No. 33. Carson City, Omisby County. Nevada. au A. O. Hooker, Late Guuelitd k Hooker. DENTISTS. L. FiNIGAN, of Marysville. OFFICE, 11 359 ^'iFirst St, San JotiO. LIMEEICK & MUTHWILLIG \A^\\t aiiil Heavy Waffons, Express Wacons, Top Hiiit Open ifu^f^ies, Carriu^fes, RockawayH, Oij^s and Uuruuchfs. MADE OF THE VERY BEST ASSORTED MA- turial. All work warranted. Juhbingof all kimls. FaitUituj, Triniming, Bladcsmiih'mq , and Wood Work. ng^Orclers ^vill receive Prompt Attention. Mftde to the ownt-rK of Rewiug Aim Itiue Patents, for the years 1872, 1873 aud 1374. also givin;j tke increase and decrease of the different Companies: 187J. 1873. 1871. Sin$f«r Manu- facluriiij; Co. .219,758 232,4M 241,67S-Iae. 21,921 Wlu-tlerK Wilson. 174.1188 119,190 92,827— de. 81, iGl (irover* Baker... 52.1110 3().177e3.2l).00l)— " 32,010 Domestic 49,.554 441.114 22,700— " 20,8.54 Weed 42.444 2),7ir9 20,.'i9.'>- '• 21.949 Wil.ox S: Gibbs... 3:),iaU l.i,ssl 13,710— " l'J.929 Wihou 22,(;i;(; 21,247 17,52.'>— •• .5.141 .Vnierican B. H 18,9.10 14,182 13,.V29— " 5,401 Hold Medal 18.897 10,431 15,214—" 3,rS3 Florence 15,793 8,760 5,517— " 10,276 Howe es. 35.000 Vi.t.ir 11,901 7,441) 6,292—" B,C09 liiivis ll,37li 8,831 Ulees B.054 3,458 IteminRton Eniiiire 4.982 9,183 IT.nos— In. 12,fi26 Brunsdorf & Co. .. 4,202 3,081 1,S(«3— de. 2,39t> Keystone 2.fi65 217 37—" 2.C2.S Kartram & Fanton. 1.000 1,000 2.10—" 750 Secor 311 3.4:W 4,.S41— In. 4;230 A. C. PERKINS, au Agent for Santa Clara County. DR. C. R. SPAW, Resident Dentist, Corner of First and Santa Clara streets. In McLaughlin k. Ryland's bnilding, San Jose, Cal. PAINTER'S niaimal — House and sign painting, graining, varnishing, polishing, kalsoniining, pa- pering, ^^cc, .">0 cents. Book of Alphal>ets, 50; Scrolls aud Ornaments, $1; CarjX-'nt«;r'6 Manual, 50; Watch- maker and Jeweler, 50; Taxidermist, 50: Soap-maker, 25; Aiithorsbip, 50: Lightning Calculator, 25; Hunter and Trapper's CTUide, 20: Dog Training, 35. Of book- sellers, or by mall. JESSE HANEY SCO., 119 Nas sau street, N.y. fe 'cL^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. For Sale or Exchange GRADBS ^iraOB-A GOATS. FOR SALE — A Band of Graded Angora Goats iiiiiub.aing abulit 1, ^OO; bIbo a FINE KANGE with the name, sitilaiu iu Sauta Clara couuty; or would tXLbauye for tlenirablo property in eame county. Apply to SHAND & BELKNAP, aa Ural Eiitiitf Af^ents, San Jose. Thohoughbeed S?anieh fmm FOR SALE. r» A One and f^vo years old Thoroughbred OU Spanish Merino Kamg, California bred, from Ewes iniijorted from Virmont. ami Bireil bySiverauce k Feet's eelebrated raul Fremont, and by their ram Green MoT7.NT.\rN, which took the first premiums flat the Bay l>istriet and State Fairs. Lakt shearing, 35 >4 Ihs. year's t,Towth. Also, about ino Ewes and LambB, all of Greeu Mountain stock, bred this year. je B. F. WATKINS, Santa Clara, Cal. R. S. THOMPSON, NAPA, fAI,. IMPOltrliR AND BREEDER OF THOUOUG H-BRED BERKSHIRE SWINE. GEO. B. HARMON, CHOICE rAMILfiHEIE§,?Ml§IQN2, TSAS, COFFBES, Cigars, Tobacco, Oil, Lamps, Etc. all goods warranted first-class TERM S--C ASH! GEOI\GE B; HARMON, Successor to 0. A. HOUGH. 311 Santa Clara Street, San Jose Bank Building. ' THE Jackson Wagons Arc kn"\vn to ho Tan BEST FARIMt UTAOOiarS Sold on this Coast. Sold quite as low ns the very many poor ones olTercd tor sale. We warrant them for two years. For sale in San Jose at San Francisco prices by Haskell A Mott, Agents, corner of Third and Santa Clara streets. J. B. ARTHUR & SON. Importers, San Francisco. The French have n tool called a thistle-pul- ler, made of wood, aud looking very much like a pair of blackuniith'a tongs. Five or six old women, armed with this instrument, can clear an aero of ground of its thistles in an incredibly short space of time, and with little more bending of the body than a house maid displays while sweeping a carpet. The Springfield Republic has a female com- positor who weighs IfiO pounds, and yet she bothers the foreman for "fat" every day. ^•ta^ BAN JOSE CLOTHING STORE, 266 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. O'BAITION £i KENT, XKEerchant Tailors and Clothiers, Dealers in All Hinds of GEITTS' FT7H.1TISS1ITG GOODS, LICHTSTONE BLOCK, Nearly Opposite the Auzerais House. BREEDERS' DIRECTORY. Parties tlesiring to purcljasci Livo Stock will find in tbiH Directory the names of some of the moGt reliable Breeders. Oun Kater.— Cards of two lines or less ■will be in- serted in this Directory at the rate of 50 cents pt-r mouth. A line will average about eight words. Paya)>le annually. CATTLi. C. B. POL.HKMUS, Sau Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn. Cattle, S. N. PUTNAM, breeder of Pure-bred Durham Cattle, Santa Clara, Cal. S. B. EMERSON, Mountain View, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn aud Holsteiu Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CHARLiES CI.ARK, Milpitas, Sauta Clara county, Cal ., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle aud Swine. CYRUS JONES & CO., San Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. COLEMAN YOUNGER, San Jose, Santa Clara county. Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. li, J. HANCHETT, San Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. R. G. SNKATH, Men lo Park, San Mateo Co, Cal., choice Jersey Cows, Heifers and Bull Calves for sale CARR made and repaired. TBOSCHKKN, Hardware, Builders' MatfriaU. " House Furnishing rtcnsils. and all kinds of Shelf Hardware, 417 First Street. San Jose. SAUTA CLARA TAUUERY. JACOB KliEltUAliDT, Plioi'BlETOB. ALIj KINDS OF I.EATUKU, SHF.F.P SKINS, AND WOOL. Highest price paid for Sheep Skins, Tal- low, Wool, etc. Vol. 6. San Jose, Cal., iiugust, 1875. ITo. 8. A WHITE MAN'S SOCIETY. We attended a busiuess meeting of the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society on 10th ult., and took some notes of proceed- ings. Mr. A. C. Erkson — an annual member who had paid his fee» in advance and was a voting member when a previous meeting passed an order allowing only life members to vote, and which changed the constitution so that annual members cannot vote — was present, and put in an objection, and claimed the right to vote as he had been a voter pre- vious to the change. He would not bo dis- franchised without contesting his right. Af- ter considerable argument, the President de- cided that he should be allowed to vote this season. Mr. E. then moved to strike out the word "life" in the constitution, so as to allow all annual members to vote. He regarded it as a serious wrong against the farmers and me- chanics who mainly support the Society — men who cannot afford to pay $50 at once, but have freely paid their $5 a year into the Society. He declared that no man with self- respect could hereafter patronize the Society as an annual member, unless the constitution was changed back so that annual members can vote and take part in the proceedings. The imputation that had been made against this class, that they would endanger the pro- perty and prospects of the Society if allowed to vote on business matters, Mr. E. thought very unjust. The grounds belonging to the Society have been largely paid for bj* annual members. He had paid more money into the treasury himself than many $25 or $50 mem- bers, who never pay but once. Mr. C. T. Settle, who had voted to insert "life," now opposed it also. He had talked with a good many interested people, and found that it would not do to make this So- ciety a close corporation. An imputation that tlie votes could be bought up he thought would apply as justly to inside or life mem- bers as to annual members. He did not want to compel outside members to look upon this Society as a "ring." Col. Younger, Carey Peebles, and J. R. Weller insisted that none but life members should be allowed to vote at their business meetings. Eeasons as follows : Their valua- ble grounds might be endangered if any one by paying $5 could vote on any proposition. Designing persons could bring in votes enough to carrj' any measure. They had worked hard and long for the good of the Society, without one cent of pay, and would guard their trust with every restriction possible. They meant no injustice or disrespect to hon- est annual members. Until this question was broached, no annual member had at- tempted to exercise the franchise in the meet- ings. They cannot afford to risk this property to satisfy a clamor now. The community should be disabused, and not blame them. The doors were open to life members. They desired the community generally to take an interest in their affairs, etc. Putting the matter to a vote, it stood 11 to i against permitting annual members to vote. Mr. Erkson then wished the constitution so amended that any member outside of Santa Clara county can hold office in the Society. Killed— 11 to i. Mr. E., who said that ho would do all he could to "purify" the Society, then proposed striking out the word white where it reads, "any white person can become a life member member by paying $50," etc. Voted down — 11 to 4. The same gentleman then moved to strike out the word white as applied to annual memberships. Lost again, although some of the dissenters said they should bo willing for the darkeys to buy tickets and attend the fair. We will not append any remarks of our own, but leave our report of this white man's agriculhiral horse-trotting society to the dis- cretion of the public. It is wonderful how much time will bo consumed daily on a farm in doing a few chores. To sit down and make a calculation, after knowing just what one has got to do, it would be easy to condense into one hour what it will take two to three hours "to get round to." We have undertaken a job of this kind this season, for "fun, " of course. We find by timing it that we can milk four cows in thirty minutes. It don't take us longer to drive the cows up, water them, feed the pigs, " put the chickens to roost," or do any other separate thing than any other person would use, yet we can manage to worry out some four hours daily, on an average, choring around, getting wood, water, milking, making butter, etc., and doing what seems necessary to be done in choring on a farm. EFFECT OF LAST SPRING FROST. The high price of fruits this season is some- thing unprecedented, if we except the times when orchards were scarce. The early reports of prospects for short crops were not over- drawn. Even the blackberries that bloomed after the spring frosts are very short Indeed. Several patches near San Jose have failed entirely. Others have not produced one- tenth of a crop. For instance, Mr. Bird's eight acres, that produced seventy chests per day last year for weeks together, is yielding only five chests per day this season. The San Jose Canning Factory contracted for all that several vineyards produce at 6 and 7 cents. Last year they got all they wanted for 2 cents. The crop is so short that dealers have to pay nine cents by the chest, and many orders from a distance cannot be filled. The local demand is greater than the supply. As to other fruits the San Francisco markets govern ours, and much of the fruit used in San Jose is shipped from a distance. On an average, it sells for less in San Francisco than in San Jose, notwithstanding that San Jose is one of the fiuest fruit growing districts in the State. " A man's surroundings, says Mr. Colmau of the Kural World, are a very fair indication of his character. A home surrounded by a dilapidated fence, part rail and part plank ; the posts propped up to hold the frail concern in anything like an upright position; the few old peach trees in the front yard leaning over the fence; the lawn decorated with James- town, dock and iron weeds — presents a sorry sight when placed in contrast with a home suiTOunded by a neat, upright fence, a gate well hung, and the yard planted with (it may be) a few well grown, thrifty looking peach trees ; while scattered here and there are a few conifers or evergreens, a few flowering shrubs in clumps, and one or two flower beds or bor- ders; the lawn covered with blue grass and kept in a trim and neat condition; the walks free from weeds, and raised well in the center so as not to necessitate the use of planks for walking on in muddy weather. List of New Advertisements. Sheep Wanted — Box 3'2, Carson City, Nev. Sewing Machines — A. C. Perkins, San Jose. Dental Firm — Hooker & Finigau, " Wagon Shop — Limirick & Muthwillig, " Goats for Sale — Shane & Belknap. " Plumbing— E. G. Wilson, Dentist — Dr. Spaw, " Real Estate— J. A. Clayton, " Poultry — Mrs. Watkins, Santa Clara. "He is an enemy of the state who de- sires more land than he himself can use," was a motto of Rome in the days of her greatest advancement and prosperity. Slavery and laud monopoly was at last her ruin, and caused the downfall of the most powerful civilization of ancient times, by depleting the population and destroying the patriotism of the people who became homeless and depend- ent, and corrupting the rest. Home is the foundation of freedom, patri- otism and country. Land monopoly is ono of the greatest curses that the world has ever seen. There is danger that our country may yet fall beneath its terrible power. There is no State in the Union more cursed by fraud- ulent land transactions than is California. Abused law and rascally lawyers have accom- plished for designing villains what force could never have undertaken. The people have tamely submitted, and land monopolists are even respected. We hope the time will soon come when such men cannot hold offices of trust in the gift of the people. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^ivcgtaffki/attniitU S. HARRIS HERRING & CO., Kditors and Publishers. OFFICFZ: Over the Snn Jose Saving's Bank, BalbachN Duililin^, Santa Clara Street, mear Firtit, San Jose. SPECUL TEEUS TO AGENTS. RATES OF ADVEKTISING. Pfrone Column ?!.=> 00 Per Month •• balf Coliunu 8 00 " *' tourth O'^lumn 4 00 *• " '* eii-lith Column 2 00 *' " Bixteenth Column 100 " " RfP" We are (leterininotl to adhore to to our rcHoIution to aduii* none but worthy biii^ineHS advertising in our colurane. and to beep clear of i)atent medicine, liquor, and otbt^r advertiBenieutB of dnubtful influence. I'he lartio circulation, the desirable clans of readers, and the neat and convenient form, renders thin Journal ft clinice medium for reaching the attention of the miiHseB* EDITORIAL NOTES. We are glad to note, in the interests of pro- ducers, that the pi'ice of wheat has advanced very materially. We believe that the raise is a healthy one and must continue until another season. A report from Kansas says that alfalfa has been fully proved to be as valuable in that State for forage as in California. Neither drouth nor grasshoppers kill it. It looks luxuriant and is considered to bo the best grass for Kansas. TIncle Ben acknowledges the receipt of two letters from our little readers, but not in season for the Boys' and Girls' department this month. Next month he promises to give the children a nice treat, and hopes every boy and girl who ever reads the Agricultukist will send him a letter. Cannot the fathers and mothers encourage them to do it? He wants lots of letters, so that ho can always make up a department for boys and girls worth reading — an original one, alivo and as spicy as a nutmeg. It is a safe policy to always sell grain and hay when it commands a i)rico a little above an average, and generally safe to hold onto these products when prices are low, for a raise. Those who hold for a .big thing gen- erally lose, while to sell at a very low {)rice is not a sound financial transaction. The farm- er who is nut a little sharp in such legitimate matters is sure to bo taken advantage of by somebody. We are often asked for advice. Oiir answer must always be, watch the mar- kets as rc))(irted in daily and weekly pajiers; depend upon your own and your good neigh- bor's judgment. Mr. Wm. Landrum, of Watsonville, re- cently passed through San Jose, on his way to Oregon with a lot of his pure-bred Angora goats. Oregon promises to be a fine country for these animals, and there bids fair to be a lively demand for all the California breed- ers can spare from their flocks. Pro-per Wheat.— This is a variety of bearded wheat which has this season yielded on dry soil at least one-third more than the AustraUan and Sonora beardless varieties. 'This is the experience on Mr. A. Woodham's farm, near Santa Clara, this season, and the beardless wheat had the advantage of earliest sowing, too. Another thing in favor of the bearded wheat is this, it will not thresh out in the field by the wind, as the beards protect the heads from striking sharply together. Col. Younger thinks we did his stock an injustice last month in the article about Mr. Clark's farm. We did not intend to, and are willing to make such correction as may be proper. The Col. has been breeding for fine form, and has taken more first premiums at state and county fairs for fine cattle than any other man in this State. In every fine herd there will be some animal not so fine as the rest. Mr. Clark's Younger cow was pur- chased second-handed, and is not by any means equal to his average run of stock. Col. Younger has lately sold a yearling bull of his Short-horn stock for $500, and a heifer and two young bulls for $900. The Domestic Department, this month, will be found unusually attractive. A frank acknowledgment on the part of a correspon- dent last month that she had jioor success in making bread has "brought down the house." We wonder if the out-of-doors farmers would be so ready to help a fellow out of trouble if he would acknowledge that he did not meet with success in any particular branch of his farm labors? We honor those who are not afraid to ask for advice. We know that there are many farmers who are lacking in best practical methods and application in import- ant matters, and wo h.avo traveled enough to know that good cooking among farmers' wives is as often the exception as the rule. An ambition to improve is always commend- able. A good quality of butter depends quite as much upon a good quality of feed for the cows as a good quality of pork does upon the feed the swine has to eat. The best butter is not made from either the greenest grass nor from dry feed, but is made when green feed is rich in nutritious matter, say about the time of blossom and before the seed is shat- tered out. Dry feed of good quality like good wheat stubble, will nuvke butter that will keep well, but it has not the "grain" of butter made on greener feed. Alfalfa will make good butter the year round. Cows running in stubble fields should have roots or some green feed if you desire the butter to be first class and of good color. It will pay any dairyman to so plan it that ho can have dry feed for his cows once a day when feed is green, to give the butter substance, and green feed when pastures arc dry, to givo texture and color to the butter. Political corruption has it root in, and draws its main support from the corrupt newspaper press — a press that can be subsi- dised by central committees and candidates for office. An agreement to advocate the in- terests of any man or party carries an obliga- tion to oppose the opposite man or party. The editor who is subsidised is hardly capable of expressing an honest opinion, and is surely not to be trusted. He gains the confidence of the people by subterfuge, to carry out the schemes of dishonesty, claiming at the same time to be working in the interests of the people. He is paid to deceive. The poli- tician who pays him does so hoping for a chance to get even when he gets into oiBce. He who subsidises can be subsidised; and the subsidised editor is paid to cover up as well as to support. Honest poUticians and honest papers are so scarce that we know not where to point one out. The remedy for political corruption is in a system that will drive out bad men by ceas- ing to offer inducements to them to seek of- fice, and that will at the same time offer in- ducements to honest, patriotic and philan- thropic persons to accept ofiices of trust and duty. A strictly consciencious man cannot consent to be assessed to pay whisky bills and lying newspapers, but would be wilUng to do what he could for the public good for a workingman's wages at any time. The un- scrupulous politician seeks office for the pay it promises, and the more pay there is in it, really and prospectively, the more corruption funds he will dispense to obtain office. If our premises are correct, then to reduce tho salaries of public servants to the standard of wages earned by the industrious farmer and mechanic will bo expedient. One temptation to use corrupt means to obtain office will be destroyed. Monopolists may still endeavor to elect men to further their ends, but even their Sampson will be shorn of his strongest locks. Our lady readers who are fond of flowers (and who of them are not?) will find it policy to sow seeds of perennial plants either this month or next, and have their plants blossom next year. Pinks, Sweet Williams, Stocks, Wall Flowers, Columbines, Snap-dragons, Hollyhocks, Hibiscus Penstemon, Lark Spurs, Daisies, Garden Rocket, Cannns, Four O 'clocks. Campanulas, Foxgloves, Shrubby Cyjiress, Oswego Tea, Polyanthus, etc. It is best to plant in boxes. A peach box six inches deep, with four inches of fine soil in it, on which to pl.ice the seeds, then cover tho seed oue-half inch with sand, is a good thing to use. Set the box out of the wind and where tho sun mil not strike it during the heat of the day. Keep the soil constantly moist by watering until tho plants are up and growing nicely. Wlion tho first winter rains wet tho soil you can transplant into the gar- den if you choose; or, if the seeds come up thickly, transplant sooner into some favorable place. By a little pjiins, in our favored cli- mate, you can have all these perennial plants in beautiful condition to blosson early another year. Tho coming woman — Annie Versary, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 172 (JHE leafy bowers are sung of, and the seats *ueath the primrose hedt^e, And t he yeatH by the shady maple, and the nooks by the wnter'e edge. There are lines to the vine-clad arbor— cool ref- uge of summer time; But the Charms of a cheerful straw stack I never saw in rhyme. Sometimes I chance npon one, in my plodding, rural way. And am truly, surely tempted to Indefinite delay, And set-king its sunny Cviruer, I build my caKth-s there. Those well-known, royal structures that disappear in air. I dream of joy and sweetness; all hard paths fade away. And only my hope and the sunshine illuminate the day. Then, wooed by the brooding quiet. I count my bless- ings o'er, While the blue, soft sky entreats me to think of clouds no more. I fashion plans for the future, where I'll get a new book every week, And tickets for concerts and lectures whenever I choose to speak. I muse o'er my sometime travels, when "my ship comes over the sea," And visions of Rome and Paris in my Journeyings come to me. I shall see the Vatican famous, and behold the world renowned toe Of Pius now reigning so widely — infallible man, you know I imagine I see St. Peter's, and standing awe-struck 'neath the dome, I wonder if it is a cathedsal, and I am at last in Rome. In "merry England" and Scotland, ia Ireland, too, I I must roam. Going over the bogs and marshes, to kiss the "blarney stone. " Just here my thoughts are scattered. Blue-eyed broth- er Ben finds me out; A picture of brown-faced wonder, he soys, ''What are you about ? " I've hunted and hunted an hour, and can't find any fish-line; I want to go fishing with Charley, and ma says it's tea- kettle time." I rise up and leave quite reluctant, but my feeling of unrest has flown. • And richer 1 feel for that hour spent by the big straw stack alone. Modern Ethics. BY HELEN E. CLINTOH. It may be sound philosophy. As pertinent as brief. To name a man a financier Who should be called a thief. It may be a Christian charity, That looks with lenient eyea. And says a man exaggerates. When I should say, '• He lies." It be modem purity To say a man it "fast," Who drags his victim down to death, Then prates of follies past. It may be modern justice true Tiiat hurls her to the grouud; I'd hold the trembling creature up. And strike the scoundrel down. Labor. Toil swings the ax and forests bow: The seeds break our in radiant bloom; Rich harvests smile behind the plow. And cities cluster round the loom. Where towering domes and tapering spires Adorn the vale and crown the hill — Stout labor lights his beacon fires And plumes with smuke the forge and mill. The monarch oak, the woodland's pride. Whose trunk Is seamed with lightning scars, Toil launches on the restless tide And there unrolls the flag of stars; The engine, with its luugs of flame. And ribj of bruss and jrkB the magic press Anil turns the' crank in hives of toil. And biTki)iisnngt-lR down to bless Industrious hands on sea and soil. Keep the Heart Light as You Can. BY CHAIILKS SWAIN. We havp always enough to bear, We have always a something to do; We have never to seek for care. When we have the world to get through. But what though adver-sity test The courage and vijjor of man, They get through misfortuue the best Who keep the heart light as they can. Though there's always enough to bear. There is always a something to do; We have never tu seek for cure When we have the world to get tbrongh. If we shake not the load from the mind, Our energy's sure to be gone; We umst wrestle with care, or we'll find Two loads are less easy than one. To sit in discimHoIate mood Is a poor and a profitless plan; The true heart is never subdued If we keep it as light as we can. Though there's always enough to bear, 'I'here is always a something to do; We have never to seek for care When we have the world to get through. There's nothing that sorrow can yield. Excepting a harvest of pain; Fur better to seek fortune's field. And till it and plow it again. The weight that exertin may span. The manhood within u.s but prove; Ihen keep the heart light as you can. Though there's always enough to bear, There is always a something to do; We have never to seek for care When we have the world to get through. Follow Up the Plow. BY WILL 8. HAYS. Hird times are now upon us. And the people are in debt; The country's lull of trouble, And the worst is coming yet. 'Tis not without its causes, And we'll plainly tell you noW| The only way to stop it Is to follow up the plow. Chorus— Then follow up the ploy, boys. Follow up the plow; If you would build the country up, Just follow up *he plow. Then follow up the ploy, boys. Follow up the plow; If you would build the country up, Just follow up the plow. Fill up your fields and prairies With a crop that's "good as gold," And mine your hills and valleys wide, For iron, salt and Coal. The earth is the producer. And we can tell you how To make a princely fortune — 'Tis to follow up the plow. Chorus. There are too many people Who from their duty 6h rk. Who'd rather make a fortune By some other means than work. The man who plants potatoes Corn, wheat or cotton now. Is king among the "moneytd men;" He follows up the plow. Chorus, Farmer's Song. 'Tis writ in records of the past. And all the days of yore. It will be in the present time. Till time shall be no more, That all the wealth, and power, and might. Attained by human hand, Is taken from, and built upon. The precious, fruitful land. Realms and nations now are built; Great scepters, thrones anil crowns. Gigantic cities, towering high, And o'er the earth fair towns; But from their lofty hight could be To desolation hurled. Did we but stretch onr hands on high. And cease to feed the world. The vaunted hight that idlers gain. Proud rulers of the laud; Who wield the might of armies, too. Which move at their command; Thev tain look down on us, we see. The proud lip then is curled. Think not, my lord, we'll serve you long; 'Tis we who feed the worldl The low shall learn their power in time, 'I hat thrones are useless things, And crowns of honor by and by. We'll give our real kings; 'Tis those who feed, and those who teach. Who then shall rule the laud. And rulers then, in that good time, Shall move at our command I —[Western Rural, Sow to Reap. Ever so little the seed may be, Ever so little the hand; But when it is sown it must grow, yon see, And develop its nature, weed, flower or tree; The sunshine, the air and the duw are free, At its command. If the seed be good, wo rejoice in bopo Of the harvest it will yield. We wait and watch its springmg up. Admire its growth and cnuuton it* crop, That will come fmm the little seeds we drop In the great wide field. But if wo htedleesly scatter wide Seeds we hapi>en to find. We care not for culture 4>r what may betido, Wo BOW here and there on the highway side, Whether they've lived or whether they've died. We never mind. Yet every sower must one day reap Fruit from the seed he has sown; IIow carefully then it becomes us to keep A watchful eye on the seed, and seek To sow \vhat is good, thut we may not weep. To receive our own. The Sower. BY D. W. O. PACCABD. Sow. farmer, sow, for the seeding time is her«. Plant for the future and sow for the year. But weed out the thistle, and root up the thorn. Make room for the apple, the wheat and the corn. With font on the spade, and with hand on the plow. With grime on the puliu, and with sweat on the brow. Press onward, brave yeoman— thy vassal shall be All green earth that stretches betwixt sea and sea. The roll of the thunder, the beat of the rain. The wind of the mountain, the breath of the plain. The shimmer of moonlight— the dew, and the sun- Shall aid thee and cheer thee till Harvest is won. Move on to the front, then, with shovel and hoe — The corn field shall rustle— the hillside shall glow— And Plenty and Peace shall abide in the land Which Labor hath conquered and Freedom hath planned. Centinela Orange Grove. The Los Angeles £^xpress of June lltli says: It probably ia not generally known, but this young grove will be the largest orange orchard in one inclosure in the world. It covers nearly three hundred acres of the choicest land in the Centinela valley, and contains seme 13,000 orange trees nearly five years old. Planted between the rows are some 2,500 almond trees, now three years old. The almonds will bear this year, and will yield about six pounds per tree. In two years they will easily yield twelve pounds per tree, or S6,000, Two thousand lime trees four years old, are in this orchard, and they will in two years yield $5 per tree, or $10,000. The almonds will be dug up as soon as the oranges begin bearing. In the meantime, they will pay the entire expense of attending to the orchard. The orange trees will commence bearing in Hvo years. Two years later it is reasonable to suppose they will yield 1,000 oranges to the tree, which at one cent apiece, would give an income of $130,000. As they will hardly ever sell for less than one and a half to two cents apiece, an income of $200,- 000 to $'250,000 from the Centinela orange grove is a quite reasonable expectation. The fruit wilt be of a fine quality, as the oranges grown at the Centinela Kanch House are large and luscious. Ornamenting Home. — The green house, flower beds, lawns, drives, ornamental trees and shrubs receive considerable attention, but not as much as they deserye. Remove all at- tempt at such things from any place and its value is decreased at once in a very large pro- portion. It is money well spent. There is iio lesson of more importance than to teach the art of making home pleasant. This is one of the ways to keep the boys and girls on the farm, and to make them satisfied i^ith their situation. For the want of something nice many a boj' has left the country home, made a poor lawyer, or clerk, who would have made a good, successful farmer. — Frof, ]\'. J. Beal. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. WOKK FOR THE SEASON. Of course it tleijends upon circnm- Btances, which every farmer should be a judge of, as to what work most needs to be done at this season of the year. It is generally looked upon by grain farmers as a season of rest, unless they have to haul their grain to market or the store- house. In that case it is policy to im- prove the dry roads and weather at once. Dry plowing and sowing can now be done to advantage on land that is clear of bad weeds and foul stuff. On none but clean land should dry sowing be done, but dry plowing— the soil to be plowed again after the weeds get started— will do even for foul lands. However, we cannot advise dry plowing as economical except- ing the land is clean of foul seeds. FENCING. If any fencing is to be hauled, now is the time to do it. There are few farm in California so well fenced as to be conve- nient for stock-keeping. It will pay al- most any farmer to so lay out and fence his place that he can economically pas- ture a portion of his farm every year, in the way of rotation, and be able to pas- ture a portion without herding. On dry farms, this is an important matter, as a field pastured this season will be much more likely to produce a good, clean crop of grain than one that is cropped to grain every season. It is the testimony of many good farmers that pasturing a field is as good, if not bettor, than summer-fallow- ing it, both as regards getting a clean crop and a full one. Wo are compelled to have much faith in pasturing to pre- cede wheat culture, either of cattle or of Bheep. Probably sheep would be prefer- able. So we say that it is important on dry ranches that farms should be well fenced where stock-keeping can be made profitable in connection with grain rais- ing. On farms that will every year pro- duce a good crop no argument is neces- sary to convince an intelligent farmer that it is to his interest to so fence that be can keep stock to advantage. Of course setting posts or driving pick- ets is something that is best done when the soil is softened by winter rains. But if one gets everything ready and at hand for the work it will be greatly facilitated. This is also a good season to look out for and collect FIBE WOOD FOR THE YEAK. Chopping is hard work in hot weather,but let any farmer take his wagon and hired men and go into the timber prepared to camp out for a week or two and make a pleasure as well as duty of it, working in the cool of the day only, and resting when it is hot and they are tired, and our word for it, he would find it a recreation better than riding over dusty roads to town to spend his time in saloons or on street corners talking politics and spending money as well us time foolishly, aa too many farmers do that we know of. BDILDINO A HOUSE. This is a good time for building either a house or any needed out-building. How few farmers have habitable houses, such as a wife and family of children require to be comfortable, such a house as they will take a pride in calling Aojne— home, the most sacred of names— a place that should be consecrated to every good that life is capable of enjoying— the center of our affections and the scene of our dearest joys. It should be made a comfortable abode for our bodies, convenient for the arrangements of the household, so handi- ly arranged in every way as to make house-heeping as little laborious as pos- sible, well supplied with air, sunlight and shade, with water pure, and surrounded with such attractive features as the culti- vation of trees and flowers will always give. Paint and whitewash should never become too dingy, but reflect from with- out the brightness and light that shall be an index of the lives and cheerfulness within. In building a new bouse, don't set it nearer than three feet to the ground. Let the wall be high, the windows large, and if you don't build but half of the house at once, let that half be substantial, and let it comprise an ample kitchen, as con- veniently arranged as you can contrive it; and if you have to wait, let the parlor be the last room added. Remember that pure air and sunshine are blessings that we should never debar from our living and sleeping rooms and contrive accord- ingly. FARM OTTT-BTnLDINGS. A roof to shelter stock as well as straw and hay should be also considered a ne- cessary part of every farm. An expensive barn is really not the most desirable thing on a farm in our climate. They may need such things in Maine and Minnesota, but in California a shelter from rain and winds is all that stock requires, and a shelter from the rain is what straw and hay need. We have studied a good deal upon this matter of farm out-buildings, and have come to the conclusion that the best, economically considered, buildings for hay and stock are sheds, so arranged about the stock yards that they will break the prevailing winds, shelter the hay and straw and stock at the same time. Last March we called attention to some on Mr. A. N. Story's farm that come near being the right thing. Mr. S. has a thousand feet in length of these sheds, the cost of which did not exceed $1,000. or one dol- lar a foot, running length. We reproduce our description: " The main part of the building is 16 feet across, length of posts 12 feet, sided up ou one side only, and covered with four lengths (two on each side) of six-feet sp'it clap- boards. On the open side there is an exten- sion of two lengths more of clap-boards, rest- ing upon a iilato supported by strong posts, 10 or 12 feet apart, making a wing shed 10 feet wide for the stock to stand under, mak- ing the total width 2G feet. The main por- tion of the building is used to mow away hay or straw. It is pitched in through openings in the back side of the building. This man- ner of storing saves high pitching and is even handier than stacking. When the cattle com- mence feeding under the sheds they stand to the mow but are prevented from reaching beyond the length of their necks by a strong bar. Feed cribs extend with this bar clear around the inside of the buildings. As the hay or straw is eaten away it is an easy mat- ter to go along with a fork and poke down more, so that one man can, in a short time, twice a day, feed the stock all the hay they will eat up clean." The shed portion of this building may be sided up if one desires it so closed, but where wind is broken away by trees, by high fence, or by a similar biiikUug opposite, it is even better for stock open than closed. Two or three such buildings a hundred feet long, so arranged as to break the wind from the stock in the corrals and under the sheds, will be found convenient on any farm, and in this mild chmate, we believe they would answer every purpose better than a big barn. SAVE THE STRAW. There is less need of this injunction than there was some years ago. Farmers are not burning straw now as then. Still, there are too mouy who do not appreciate its value, and who allow it to he scattered in the field to be destroyed. The man who will question the economy of stacking his straw for the use of stock, should seek the advice of his thrifty neighbor. SELLING STOCK. If there is to be any thinning out of stock for beef, if any one or more of the cows or- calves are to be sold, make up your mind which ones to dispose of. Don't sell the best milk and breeding cows at any price. Select the heifer calves from the choicest stock to raise. Sell ofif the ordinary cows and calves, and turn off as much beef as you can. The high price of hay, and the prospect of an- other dry season, waixants a close culling amongst stock of all kinds. Eemember that it does not cost much to winter a calf, and save the best, or if you buy stock to increase your herds, buy the best calves. It is poor economy to keep more horses than are needed on a farm. They will soon eat their heads off. Better raise something that will bring cash for beef, mutton or pork. Now is a good time to make plans for dispos- ing of all surplus horses at as good a price as possible, but at some price. The large amount of emigration to this State should have the effect to give a better demand and price to horses. MAP THE FARM. Lay it out into such sized fields as may suit your ideal, and carry out your idea of o pro- per system of rotation. There is a good (leal in laying off a farm to fence and cultivate properly, so that the buildings will be in the best place and so that the fields will be handi- est for all purposes. An eye for beauty should always accoinpany every improvement. The orchard should be where it looks the best as California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. well as be in the best place for an orchard. The house should be on high, healthy ground, and every tree that is planted should be in the best place for it. The good wife should be consulted in every improvement that is con- templated. They who together make a home can best appreciate it, and will become at- tached to it as every one who has a home should be. The matter of IRKIOATI'ON is one which concerns many farmers. Is not now a good time to take into consideration the ways and means for irrigating the farm, or at least some portion of it? Is it possible for you, either alone or in connection with your neighbors, to bring the waters of some stream upon your farm iu the winter when water is running to waste? We know of sev- eral farms in this valley which might be made to yield abundantly with winter flooding that now are unprofitable from the lack of mois- ture; and these same farms are so located that they could easily be flooded in winter by a little co-operation among the owners. Every farm should have an orchard and garden. A WIND- MILL is something within the reach of almost any one owning land. Where the prevailing winds blow in opposite directions, as they do in almost all our valleys situated between long ranges of mountains in California, a station- ary mill — that is, one without a turn table — is good enough for all practical purposes, and may be made at home. Let the frame be very heavy and strong — made to stand. The shaft can be either wood or iron. Make the fans long enough to give several horse-power. Bore one or two wells for large-sized pumps, and let the mill run all the time. The water can be stored in a tank, the bottom of which is level \s-ith the ground, and run in furrows over as large a surface as the supply will al- low. A good mill and pump, running when- ever the vrind blows, will irrigate several acres, if economically handled. It is well to have the mill so located that stock can be watered in either of the fields where they are allowed to run, with as little expense for water pipe as possible. For house use there should be a tank higher than the house, with force pump to raise the water into it, by wind power, and the same power should be utilized to do churning, etc. Those who can afiford it will find an extra wind-mill for this purpose, with pipes running throiigh house and barn, a most convenient thing. Why people in the country cannot have things as convenient as they do in the city is more than we pro- pose to explain. There is much more that might be said under this head which would appertain to specialties, but the foregoing hints on general principles we oflfer for what they may be worth as suggestions merely. The farmer who toils for 40 years gathers knowledge and experience costing more labor, weariness and anxiety than the education of any other professional man costs; and then the avowedly professional man charges ten times as much for his advice and work as the farmer does; and in case of a dispute as to a fee, professional men are called in to say what is right, while the old farmer has to abide by the professional decision whether it be (or or against him. LETTER FROM OUR TRAVELING AGENT. Eds. Calipoenia Aqkicitltcbist : The suc- cess I have met with in a five-weeks canvass- ing trip for your journal, the affable and kindly spirit with which I was everywhere received, especially by old subscribers, and the grand prospects of the Aokicultubist in the counties through which I have just trav- eled, all incite me to give expression to a few ideas picked up during my recent trip. Be- ing well acquainted with the high character of the Agkioulturist, I was confident from the very beginning that it needed only a proper representation, a simple unfolding or expla- nation of its characteristics, to commend it to all lovers of the good and pure. Need I say that a discriminating public nobly responded in support of the AoKicULXtrKisT, which they unhesitatingly designate a champion of truth, morality, temperance, and the farmers' move- ment? A short visit to Washington Corners, Ala- meda county, will reveal the most flattering signs of prosperity. The crops in the vicinity are good, when we take into consideration the dryness of the season. A large and ele- gant school house is being erected. A news- paper, called the Alameda County Independent, is published there, while Washington College was never in a more prosperous condition than now. Mission San Jose, and, in fact, the entire country along the foot-hills, from Niles Sta- tion to Warm Springs, can boast of excellent crops. I visited Mr. Beard, at the Mission, and obtained from that gentleman much in- formation regarding Alameda county in gen- eral, and Mission San Jose in particular. Mr. Beard, besides a magnificent orchard of ap- ples, peaches, pears, etc, and several hundred acres under vines and grain, has about GOO olive trees produced from cuttings After experiment, he finds that the best time to plant them is in the fall, and that cut- tings from young trees are the best. They commence to bear when about five years old, and are in full bearing at eight. So well have these trees throve that from one tree alone 120 pounds of olives were obtained. Mr. J. C. Palmer, of the Mission has a fine vineyard of about 80 acres, all in excellent condition, and promises to bear immensely. The crops in the vicinity of Centreville, Alvarado, Mt. Eden and Hayward are fine, and will compare favorably with those of any other portion of the State. A post-ofiice has lately been established at Niles Station, some new buildings are being erected, and the town is fast developing. George Buttner, an old resident of Sunol valley, has recently built a large and commo- dious hotel at Sunol Station. The far- mers along the valley are much pleased with the prosperity of the crops, and may compliment themselves on having one of the finest agricultural valleys in the State. Livermore cannot boast of the fertile soil of Hayward, Mission San Jose or Alvarado. A gi'avelly soil predominates, and the crops this season are at a serious discount. I visit<'d the new coal mines, about eight miles from Livermore, and have every reason to consider them a success. Already a shaft of 375 feet has been sunk. The vein is about five feet thick and of an indefinite length and width. Eighteen men were at work, and an addition- al force will be employed as soon as u new steam engine is erected, which will probably be in a few weeks. The coal is uf a bitumin- ous quality, and is selling at $4 per ton at the mine. Mr. Thomas Harris, a practical collier. Is the superintendent. San Eamoan valley, including Pleasanton, Dublin, Limerick, Danville, Alamo and Wal- nut Creek, is one of the most fertile valleys in the State. The crops are looking splendid. The late rains, however, caused considerable damage in throwing down portions of the crops which were very heavy. The farmers here are seriously discussing the propriety of having a railroad through the valley, and ad- vocate the scheme with much warmth. The course taken by the Contra Costa Gazette in disapj)roving of the enterprise is severely crit- icized, and rumors are afloat that another county paper devoted to the vast interests of Contra Costa will soon be established. The crops from Altamont to the Mountain House are a veritable blank. Several of the farmers in this section have already taken flight to a more congenial clime. Very little of the animal creation greets the traveler, save squirrels, lizards and owls. The country from the Mountain House to Point of Timber is more prosperous, leaving, however, ample room for improvement. Point of Timber is a rich agi-icultural country, well shaded with trees. The farmers in gen- eral manifest evidences of much prosperity, and have had a good three-fourths crop. About two miles from Point of Timber are the salt springs which your correspondent visited, and learned from several persons there that these si^rings, for medicinal qualities,are second to none in the State. There are, how- ever, no accommodations for visitors, the ab- sence of which will necessarily prevent many from partaking of the advantages which, un- der different management, might be enjoyed by the health-seeking public. The country around Antioch is hiUy and the soil rather barren, consequently the crops are not like those of Eden Plains or Point of Timber. The town itself is quiet, and people complain that "money is scarce around that quarter," and yet the Ageiculturist circulat- ed as freely in that section as in more favored districts. We hope that a better state of things will soon be brought about, and that the generous people of Antioch and vicinity will have to build additional warehouses wherein to store the produce of next year's crop. Passing Snmmersville and Nortonville — cities of coal mines, steam engines, heat and hills, we slide down into Mount Diablo valley, one of the finest in California. Well shaded with trees, UberaUy supplied with water, the soil rich and adapted to raise almost all kinds of fruit and vegetables, with many a fine vineyard and farm house, and Diablo in the distance, boldly and majestically looking down from an eminence of over 3,000 feet, we unhesitatingly say that the people of this valley may justly feel proud of their situation. And there is Clayton, the queen village of V California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Contra Costa county, beautifully shaded with trees in the heart of this lovely valley. The crops here are fine, and almost con- tinue so until Martinez is reached. Leaving Martinez, quietly nestled down on the Sacra- mento river and almost surrounded by hills, passing Benicia and her arsenal, your cor- respondent arrived at Vallejo. Still onward, from Vallejo and her navy yard to Napa City. The crops in this section are what we might term average. The new Insane Asylum is in process of completion, and judging from the immensity of the building, or rather series of buildings, the uninitiated would imagine that all the wrecks of intemperance in the entire State could be conveniently accommodated ■within its walls. Towards Sonoma the soil is far more fertile than iu the vicinity of Napa. With its sur- roundings, the town of Sonoma itself presents an alarming contrast. In the heart of a rich, prosperous, well populated country, it seems given to decay and death. It presents very little evidence of prosperity, but it is hoped that ere long its lost prestige will return, and that it will take its place among the prosper- ous towns of the coast. Petaluma is one of the liveliest towns through which your correspondent passed. It is evidently on the high road to prosperity. The late frost caused serious damage in nearly all the places I have visited. Mission San Jose, Hayward and a few other places might, indeed, be excepted. The farmers, however, express themselves satisfied with the general yield. Returning thanks for the many courtesies extended to me during my trip by friends of the Agkicultukist, I beg to subscribe myself. Very respectfully, G. G. H. — < « » A CONSEEVATIVE ORGAN. If the Rural Press of San Francisco is not a conservative organ, then we admit that our senses are so prejudiced against it that we cannot see straight. Wei'e it really run in the interests of those who seek to monopolize all the benefits that can accrue from imjjosiug upon the cre- dulity of honest Grangers who rely upon representations of this same class, we can conceive of no more subtle policy for its conduct than its present stoical con- servatism. The Granger movement was started on radical jirinciples, loud and earnest for reform. Its design was to correct the many evils that wore, and still are, bearing ■heavily upon industry, and which make the producer a subject to be fleeced by greedy caintal and its manipulators, and by smaller sijeculators upon the necessi- ties of the people. The movement called out nearly every patriotic farmer, and many who felt the heavy load of oppres- sive tribute they were paying went iu with a no less hearty determination be- cause impelled by a selfish motive. It is perfectly natural that such a move- ment, which embraced the sons of the soil, and which called for active measures and ofl'ored remuneration to organizers and others, should have barnacled upon it scores of designing, shrewd men who were anxious to profit by the tidal wave, and had the cheek to put themselves at the very wheel, as cajjlains if necessary, to make themselves popular and " repre- sentative," and give them at once honor and coin. The principles and true spirit of the Grange, or farmers' movement, to-day, are radical. How so conservative an or- gan as the Rural Press is can suit the Grangers all over the State is to us a little wonderful. But a paper run strictly on policii, as that paper is, of course is sup- loosed to be shrewd enough to manage all that. We are aware that there are many things connected with this Grange movement that need sifting rather fine, and we would like to see the Grangers' volunteer organ take up such matters as need over hauling and thus prove to the honest and confid- ing farmer that it is really, as well as pi'etendingly the farmer's friend. We are really anxious that all the good should come out of this movement that is possi- ble. And to be snecessful, in the broad meaning of that term, the Grange must not be afraid to deal open-handed with those who are using it for personal ends. We don't believe iu covering up nor letting alone corruption of any sort that needs ventilating in the farmer's interest. But then we are not an organ. The Grangers' Bank and Grangers Business Association and Grangers' Emigrant's Bureau do not advertise with us. The big men of the Grange do not patronize the Califoknia Agricultiirist in any way. We do not hob-nob with them nor hang upon their colored skirts, nor ask any favors of them, and of course we do not feel as much under obligations to these leaders as otir contemporary nnd organ, the Rural Press. If we did, which would be impossible, we might possibly appreciate a conservative sentiment and hold our horses with a curb-bit. ■ < o P • Jute Culture. Mr. Le Franc, of New Orleans, raised last yeai twenty bales of jute. He con- cludes a report to the Department of Ag- riculture as follows: For new observations, I can re-assert that ordinary juto growth gives an aver- age of at least one ton per acre of fiber, and that the whole cost of i)roduction will not exceed .'S'25. In good, moist laud juto grows ten feet in average, and has one- third of its body in fiber. The mower and reaper applied on wheat cut jute jier- fectly well. «-♦-* '■ Experiments were made in France last year to tost how far the humidity of the atmos- phere is alTocted by forests. One set of in- strnmonts for recording humidity were placed in the forest, ami the other in the open air, a short distance off. The records show that more rain fell each month in the forest than in the open air, and the total rain-fall for six months was 7;-^ inches in the forest, and in ,he open field less than 7 inches. ffiont^poudcuce* Letter from Monterey County. ■^^ ■ CJ-rrns. AoKiotTLTUBisT: Your valuable paper j|rj, comes regularly, but I have failed in JhiK my duty to you until now. I believe jjiy^ the best apology that I can make is to send you two dollars, as I have kept you out of your hard earnings up this time — but I am very sure that my negligence has haunted me enough on account of reading so valuable a journal without paying for it iu advance. I esteem the Aohicultubist as being of more practical value to the farmer than any jiaper I ever read. So far as I am capable of judg- ing, it is sound on all points — with the ex- ception of "moles." I am a farmer of many years' practical experience, and I know the "mole" to be very destructive to gardens. Perhaps some of your patrons would like to know HOW TO GET Em OF FEKNS, OR BKAKES. I can tell you how I freed a part of my farm of them, and they were so thick that I could not produce a crop to any advantage. I just cut them off at the ground every two weeks all summer until the last of September. This I did in 1864, and I have not been troubled with ferns since. TOADS. I think toads are of great worth in a gar- gen or on a farm. But you must keep your bees up out of their reach, for they eat them greedily. This they do at early night. When the evening is so cool that the bees are not watching about their doors, the toad will butt the hive, and as the bees run out to see what is the matter it catches them. This I have seen them do, and it is "true as gospel." The late heavy frost did great damage to fruit in this county, but my apple trees are very full and promise to make a heavy yield. EFFECT OF USING BAD WATEB. I owe you more than money for'your able journal. I think it saved me and my four daughters from an attack of typhoid fever. Last fall we were all complaining of headache and felt dull, and had been so for perhaps ten days, and were getting worse. We were not given to headache prior to that time. About that time I noticed a warning in the Cali- fornia Agricultdkist and Live Stock Jopk- NiL against using impure water which put me to thinking, and to investigating. And I found the curbing in my well badly decayed, and the water impregnated with the substance and I abandoned the use of it immediately. J cleaned out a nice boiling spring near by, the water of which we are still using. It was some time before we got clear of that head- ache. And I believe that had it not been for the Agricoltdkist we all would have been taken down, and perhaps you would not have been troubled with this letter. I have been fighting .against A notorious land swindle in this county for the last six years. But the grantees procured a patent at a fearful cost — not in money, but through perjury, fraud, and offers of bribery. There is an army of well drilled land juTJuria-s in this State who follow land grabbing for a trade, and they will swear to whatever is necessary to carry out their schemes. I have been in this part of the State for upwards of nineteen years. I have taken great paius iu settling upcm pub- lic lands— lands that the grantees themselves affirmed to be public, and oulside of tlicir (jranls. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Jourkal. I have bought and improved two homes in California, but I cannot call them my own to- night. Thousands have shared the same fate, and the work of destruction goes "bravely on." Our sheriff told me the other day that he had just served seventy settlers on the Milpitas grant iu an ejectment suit which is another swindle. As I am not used to writing for papers, ex- cuse "style, "etc. With many regards, i'oura, J. C. Gaillabd. July 11th, 1875. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants In California. A gentleman who has paid a good deal of attention to the subject of medicinal plants and the study of medicine as well as of agri- cultue, and thinks it possible to produce such roots, barks, herbs, etc., in California, and who thinks that many of our immigrants might find profitable employment by starting into the business for themselves here, sends us the following hints upon the subject. He begiug by advising the cultivation of the olive tree, flax seed and castor beans for oil. Our readers are already pretty well informed upon the foregoing, and for several years quantities have been produced in California with suc- cess. The cinchona tree, which produces the Peruvian bark is next treated on. He says: As to the feasibility of raising in Cfalifornia the cinchona tree, which produces the Peru- vian bark, from which quinine is manufac- tured, there can be no question. Our climate is the exact counterpart of that iu which it grows in South America. Being under the equator, notwithstanding the elevation of sev- eral thousand feet above the level of the sea, the climate is exactly like our's — a perpetual spring. The English have tried the experi- ment of its transplantation on the lower benches of the Himalaya mountains in India with success, and the Dutch have introduced it into Sumatra with similar results. For many years past the collection of the bark has been entrusted to Indians, who climb the trees, denude them of bark, and leave them as the white, unsightly ghosts of the departed forests. So extensively has this destructive process been going on, that it has been ap- prehended that the world's supply of bark would in no very remote future be entirely cut off. Hence the wise forethought of the enlightened nations above mentioned. Shall our's be behind hand? The exhaustion of the Cinchona forests would perhaps be the greatest calamity that could befall mankind. A celebrated physician, being asked what sin- gle medicine he would save in case all medi- cines should be destroyed except one, an- swered, "quinine." And in regard to its anti-pyretic powers, he was right. It has been found to exert a more direct and lasting effect upon fever, the universal mani- festation of disease, than any other article in the materia medka. Its priceless worth in the malarial regions of our richest and most ex- tensive valleys and river bottoms is famlUar to every physician from Maine to California. That it has been the main cause of the lessen- ing of the death rate throughout the civilized world of late years, there can be but little doubt. Of the profitableness of its culture on the part of individuals, or of the State, there can be no question. With the bark at 25 cents a pound, wholesale, and quinine from $3 to $5 per ounce, an acre of these trees would con- stitute no inconsiderable bonanza. Besides, the many thousands of dollars sent out of the country for its purchase would be saved to the State, and its cultivation and preparation for market, and tho groat number of articles manufactured from it, would give profitable employment to large numbers of people. " Several years since, a proposition was made before the American Medical Associa- tion to introduce the culture, as an experi- ment, of the Cinchona tree in the different States of the Union. The reason therefor was the scarcity and high cost of that invalu- able drug, quinine." The subject has also attracted the serious attention of the State Medical Society of Cal- ifornia, which recommends the cultivation, on the part of the State, not only the Cinchona tree, but also of all other medical plants; in other words, the establishment of four bot- anic gardens, similar to those in Europe, iu four appropriate points in the State where suitable temperature^ elevation and soil can be obtained. These, the Society very properly advise, might be located near some of the nu- merous medical springs to afford cheap resorts to our invalid poor. The subject is still un- der discussion, and we hope the Legislature may render efficient aid to an undertaking of not only State but National importance. The Agricultural Department of the State University at Berkeley, if it is not too busily engaged in getting up party "slates" and cul- tivating poUtical "rings, " might do much to forward this and other useful enterprises by raising the cuttings and plants and distributing them free to all who would cultivate them, and by disseminating useful information in regard to the cultivation of this and other val- uable members of the vegetable kingdom. The Dej^artmeut of Agriculture at Wash- ington, if not too busy in President-making, might also lend a helping hand in the good cause. But it seems almost too much to ex- pect anything of governmental departments and oflice holders. The public good is ignored and self-aggrandizement seems to be the order of the day. The cultivation of Rhubarb might be en- gaged in with other articles, we should think. There can be no doubt about its growth here, as any one can convince himself in a moment by visiting our markets and examining the tine, large, long specimens in the shape of "pie rhubarb" there exposed for sale. The Aloes could be ciiltivated on our dryest soils. All the aromatic herbs are already cultivated on a small scale by our market gardeners. There can be no doubt, therefore, about their growing here. We understand that Mr. Boots, one of our most enterprising farmers, is raising several acres of Peppermint. The sale of oil alone at from $6 to f 6 50, wholesale, would amount to many thousands of dollars. Safron has been raised here by Mr. Frank Lewis, of San Jose, in perfection, and would prove a valuable article of production. All the various herbs, such as Catnip.Bone- set. Lobelia, Geranium, Dandelion, Golden- seal, Hoarhound, Mandrake, Rosemary, Sweet Margoram, Pennyroyal, Rue, Tansy, Winter- green, Wormseed, Yellow Dock, and many others, might be raised here with profit for the very plain and simple reason that our dry climate facilitates not only the drying and preservation of plants and roots, but also the concentration of all their medicinal qualities in the dried herbs and roots. It would be but a little while, in our opinion, before Cali- fornia dried herbs and roots, like her dried fruits, would command the market of the world. The oil of Bergamot, used so extensively in perfumery would not yield a bad revenue at $8, wholesale, per pound. If we have not enterprise enough among ourselves to establish this great branch of productive industry, we might invite the Shakers, who have several societies in differ- ent States in the East, to establish a similar institution here. They would find the climate of California far superior to all others at the East in properly and speedily curing all kinds of herbs and roots. In connection with this subject, we might incidentally call the attention of our orange orchardists to the manufacture of citric acid and lime juice. Both these articles are in good demand and command remunerative prices. [Right here we will add that the cultiva- tion of garden and field seeds might bo made a profitable business in our State for many persona. We have often wondered that more attention has not been paid to such culture. Of course, irrigation would be necessary for many things. As to herbs, our dry, hot clim- ate would give much strength of oil and flavor to them. The ideas of our correspondent are worthy of consideration.] They Have Come to Stay. Eds. Agbiculturist : What all good Califor- nians have been praying for the last ten or fifteen years — the great tidal wave of immi- gration— has come at last. It is pouring in upon us through the Dutch Flat Pass like a veritable human wind-fall. It is spreading through our mines and timbered mountains, traversing our rich valleys and extended plains, and crowding our towns and cities. Some come with money to purchase homes; others with muscles to earn them. The for- mer can take care of themselves, but the lat- ter need, and must have, assistance, but all they ask is work. The wail of business men, capitalists and large land-owners for a number of years past has been for population. "We want settlers to develop our resources, workers to trans- form our raw materiid into merchantable values, and consumers to establish at our doors the best of all markets^a home mar- ket." This has been the burden of the song sung from the huskings, preached from the pulpit, and printed and scattered broad-cast throughout the civilized world by all the newspaper presses of California. And, as if this was not enough to attract immigration, various towns and cities, through their boards of trade, have published thousands of books in pamphlet form, embellished with engrav- ings of their choicest improvements, and full of "school privileges," "rich soil," "healthy climate," "fine business opportunities, " and everything that promised to be attractions. We do not say that there has been any mis- representation or exaggeration in these state- ments. Some of them may have come short of the reality; but they have served the pur- pose intended. They have drawn people here from the frozen regions of the north, the rocky shores of the East, and the miasmatic graveyards of the sunny South. The influ- ences have been extended even beyond the sea, and brought bluff John Bull from "the sea-girt isle," the merry Frenchman from the vine-clad hills of France, the Switzer from his Alpine home, the German from Father-land, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. and the sons of Erin in their usual propor- tion. Now that these hardy, enterprising and industrious, but needy, people have come to our shores, at our bidding, the great question arises, "What shall we do with them." As the great land-grabbers and capitalists were the first and loudest callers for this in- flux of population, let them first open their hearts and purses at the same time, and pro- vide these people with homes on their broad acres on liberal terms, supply them with tools and animals, and provisions for a year, and our word for it, they will make a fair interest on their money, besides doing a righteous deed. Others who have the capital might invest it in manufacturing enterprises that would em- ploy thousands of these people to the great advantage of all parties. There are hundreds of articles imported into this State at a heavy cost of time and freight that could be profita- ably manufactured here. In the article of wool alone it is certainly a suicidal policy to ship it East in the raw state, and then import it in the manufactured article, paying doulile freight, when we might manufacture it here and command the markets of the world. We haven't half the sense of our forefathers who separated from the mother country because England attempted to impose this very policy on the infant colonies. Every farmer, too, throughout the length and breadth of the land, should look kinilly upon these immigrants, and employ them upon every possible occasion — as you would your brother, instead of a Chinaman. Our next Legislature might inaugurate a general system of irrigation — the vital want of the State — before all the water, too, was gobbled up, and thus give employment to thousands of immigrants who will seek our shores in the future. The waters in our mountains would irrigate all oiir valleys, make California the granary of the world, and provide happy homes for millions instead of thousands, as now. Why should it not be done? Economist. San Jose, July, 1875. about the city, would be all the more attrac- tive if they had within a home for cats. A stately Thomas cat perched on the top and half a dozen kittens frolicking about the base is a sight to please a lover of the beautiful and a hater of the rascally gopher. C. A. Wyman. « ■ » Query About Hay-presses. Salem, Oregon, July 15, 1875. S. H. Hekrino & Co. — Gents: I wish to know if somebody will send me a circular for a hay-press. I do not see any advertisement in your paper, and I do not know where to send for information about them. There is a good hay-press invented and made here, but I thought I could do better in California than to pay $260 for one here. I think the price too high. We like your paper, although not quite so well adapted to Oregon as to California in some things. Yours, truly, Thos. C. Haines. If the manufacturers and dealers in hay- presses in California do not consult their own interests enough to advertise in the Agbicdl- TURisT AND Live Stock Journal, it is their own loss. The two leading presses in California are the "Eagle," manufactured by Kimball & Co, San Francisco, worth $225 or $250 each, and the "Price," or "Petaluma," by Baker & Hamilton, San Francisco, worth $300 to $500 each, according to size. The Petaluma press seems to be the favorite. We give this infor- mation "gratis," but at the same time advise our friend Haines to patronize home iiidaslry, and if he can get a good press for $260 in Oregon, in is probably as cheap as it can be made and pay the workmen, and probably' as well as he could do in California. A Plea for Cats. Eds. California Agricultueist and Live Stock Journal: Will you allow me a little of your valuable space to say a word for one of the farmer's best, but least appreciated and most abused friends — the domestic cat. I am not insane enough to ask the people dwelling in cities to look with favor on the increase of the cat tribe, but to the farmer I say, don't kill the kittens. Drive them out of the house to the barns and other out-buildings, and give them a chance in the fields, particularly in the orchard and vineyard. Make places for them to breed and to escape to when Towser and Bose double-team on them. A dry goods box under the straw stack, with a hole sawed on each side and a six-inch board or pole put up a foot from the ground so the straw will hang over it and give them an en- trance to the box, is a good show for a reason- able cat. In a vineyard it will pay to leave out a pair of vines every ten acres, and throw up a rock- ery or other shelter for a place for cats. There need be no loss of bearing vines, for the nearest vines may be trained over the place. Perhaps one cat in fi%'e hundred will suck eggs or kill chickens, but it is almost invaria- bly the pet cat that grows up among the chil- dren and is hugged out of shape and manners that does mischief. The half-wild cat is of- tcuest seen watching a gopher hole, and when not disturbed there is soon one gopher less to cut roots and let the irrigating water run loose. This age almost worships graceful forms and movements, and the unhandled cat excells in both. Many of your attractive "rockeries," both in public and private parks Chats With Farmers' Wives Daughters — No. 8. and ORE bread-making? Yes. I make it a point to succeed in whatever I under- take to do, from the sweeping of a P" room to the making of a perfect-fitting shut. If it be well done, there is a sense of power that nothing short of knowledge and success can give. It took me nine months, once, to learn how to iron a shirt well; but that very drill was good for me, and I can afford to give time for practical knowledge that is of so much use that even every China- man is supposed to understand all about it. So, in spite of my frank confession, I was fully resolved to "try, try again," and the many kind receipts sent me by dear readers of the AoEicuLTURisT have helped to push this resolve to a speed trial, and, may I add, siic- cess. Well, friends, if several consecutive batches of light, sweet, white and tender bread can be called a success, I am the victor. But, alas! I dare not boast, as I have made only one batch of yeast as yet. A kind reader of the AonicULTnitisT (Mrs. Summers) sent mo, by the editor, a bottle of her "jug yeast, " with her compliments and directions how to proceed, which wore so very simple and plain that I felt "to try were to succeed." The beauty of this "jug yeast" is that one can bottle it and keep a week or two, which is a saving of labor, and we should aU try to do that. Here is Mrs. S.'s receipt: EECEIPT FOR MAKING JUG YEAST. "Take about one quart of potatoes; pare nicely, and boil in enough water to cover them well. When well cooked, drain and mash smooth. Now take the water they were boiled in, pour it back on the potatoes, stir- ring all the time. Take a handful of hops, put them in enough water to make a gallon of yeast altogether, and boil for ten minutes; strain into the potatoes; add of salt and sugar each one-half cup; stir well, and then let cool till milk warm, then add a cup of yeast. Now cover up loosely until it commences to work, then put it in a jug and set the cork loosely for one day, when it may be corked tight and kept in a cool place. Shake well before us- ing. FOR MAKING BREAD, put flour enough for your baking in a bread- dish, make a hole in your flour, put in a cup of yeast, three or four pints of warm water, and a teaspoonful of salt; mix slowly and beat well into a stiff batter; cover it lightly with flour and set it away in a medium warm place. When light mix the flour in slowly till it be- comes dough ; take it out on your kneading board and knead it well with your hands, ada- ing flour gradually until it becomes nice, smooth, springy dough, then place jt back in your bread-dish to raise ; when light, take it out and knead, using just enough flour to keep it from sticking, till it is nice and smooth, then make it into loaves, put it into pans and keep warm till light, then bake. ' The following receipt by Alice I have not tried, but can vouch for it, as I have eaten of bread made by the same fair hands that sent it: " Dear 'JeweW: The Agriculturist has just come to hand, so fresh and interesting. And as we feel particularly interested in 'Jew- el's' writing, we turned to her department and found her in great trouble about her yeast bread. I felt very sorry for her— so sorry that I pushed back the jar of yeast I had just finished making for to-morrow's baking, and hurried in without covering it, and told mother I would just write and tell her how I did, as I was having such good luck at bread- making lately. So here is the recipe, under ma's directions: Peel three common sized potatoes and boil till very soft in a quart of water, then take out the potatoes, mash fine, keeping the water boiling hot. Add two big spoonfuls of fine flour, one of salt and one of sugar. Now, pour the boiling potato water into the whole, stirring it briskly, so that the flour will scidd. Steep a pinch of hops five minutes'in half a pint of water, and pour in. Let this cool until hike warm, then add one teacup of fresh yeast from your good neigh- bor's crock, or from the brewer's. Make the yeast in the morning, and by bed time it will be ready for use, at which time I stir up my bread. For three quarts of flour add one tea- cup of yeast, and wet it with cold water, mix it soft, and sift flour over the top to keep it all soft and alike. In the morning it will bo ready to mould into loaves; put in the bidie pan to raise, and when light bake. " During this warm weather we make yeast California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. oue day nud bread the next. We go through the same process of yeast making every time, adding your cup of okl yeast from the jar — which article is much better than tin, as it will keep cool and sweet longer. You can make bread of the same yeast as long as it will keep sweet, and youliaTe enough left to start another mess with." Ah, fathers and brethren and husbands, I wonder if you half appreciate the life and love we women put into your very blood through the stomach, or how tired and weary many a woman grows in attending to her daily round of duties that keep your homes clean, neat and thrifty. If you do, pray acknowledge it in words of cheer. Women need praise for their kindly labors and trials much more than your wonderful new grain-cutter which works BO to a charm — and llial you can praise to a neighbor or your wife, perhaps, without ever a thought of the far greater and more wonder- ful piece of machinery by your side, whose complex structure combines intelligence of mind with affection, and soul life with so much mechanical power and skill. See to it that you give her equal care and rest you do your horses and iron and wooden machines — oil her with loving words and actions, and bestow equal praise for faithful work, and my word for it, your human machine will last longer, work better; and, more than all, will be worth more in the end than when you first promised "till death do us part. " For age should improve as gray hairs add a charm that sunny curls never owned. The wrinkles that have dis- placed the dimples of youth, should only show where the smiles and joys have left their mirriads of foot-prints behind them. Living and loving together for years must bind our hearts together. Our joys and sorrows oue, life's interests the same, our minds and souls will grow more harmonious and sympathetic. Age softens the passions and impulses, ele- vates the ambition, matures the judgment, and, though more grave, we are not sad, for life begins to grow more comprehensible, and death nearer and dearer to us. Before closing this rambling letter, I will give a recipe for making CREAM PIE-CRUST, something which our country readers can en- joy but which few city folks can. Take flour and seive it with a little soda; wet up with sour cream ; roll same as for other pie-crust. It is very nice. Made with Graham flour, you need no soda, nor will it be sour. Here, also, is a palatable dish, which is called ENGLISH FRUIT PIE. Take a deep, round dish to bake in; fill a cup with sugar; turn it upside down in the center of the dish, leaving it there; then fill with fruit, cherries, plums, berries or any kind. If very juicy, no water is added; if not, put in a little water, then put on a crust and bake as for pie, and bake slowly. When served, cut a circular piece and take out the cup, when the juice will fill the dish. Very Gruel Recipe. — For a very delicate sick person, take two tablespoonfuls of Graham flour; stir this with cold water; strain through a seive; stir this into one quart of boiling water, and cook five minutes. Season it with a very little salt and sugar — a little lemon juice added makes it better. This is excel- lent. Try it. Alice. Familiar Talks — No. 2. BX "snip." I had intended giving my rules for making yeast and bread this month, but it is likely there will be plenty such recipes sent for "Jewell's" benefit, so I will only ofifer a few suggestions in regard to MARINO bread. I always knead bread twice. Letting it be- come just as light as possible in the sponge before moulding into loaves. If, as is some- times the case, I am obliged to let it stand longer than it should, and there is danger of its being sour, I knead in a little white sugar. I once thought soda was indispensable in such a case, but I do not like to put it in light bread. Sugar is better. I have tried "Jewell's" plan of cooking rice in a bag, and shall always cook it so when I want plain boiled rice. I make a stibskinlhil dish of this article by cooking it in the water in which fresh beef has been boiled. HOW TO COOK CAKKOTS. Many think that carrots are unfit for table use. We like them very much when cooked in the following manner: Pare them and cut into slices about a quarter of an inch thick; boil in clear water until done; pour off the water, and cover them with milk in which a very little flour has been stirred; add a little butter, pepper and salt to your tase, and then boil long enough to cook the flour. Onions cooked in this way mal^e a favorite dish with those who are brave enough to eat this condemned vegetable. A Farmer's "Jewell." Eds. California Agriculturist: Please al- low me to say a few words to your new cor- respondent, "Jewell," before she again gives to the public her knowledge and experience in making bread, and thereby injures our claim to political equaUty to which our social and moral superiority gives us so sure a title. Immorality and dishonesty in every branch of our political and social system proves the great depravity of the male element; and while the only hope of reform lies in the su- perior mental capacity of our sex, here comes a "Jewell" of a farmer's wife saying that she cannot make a loaf of bread, but that at last she learned to make salt-rising from her hus- band, who "knows everything." This may be amusing to her, but it is not so to me, to whom she is pointed out as an example — one who can instruct others, but cannot even make salt-rising without instruction from her lord! Now, a word to "Jewell." First have good potatoes to make yeast stock by boiling and driving through a colander the potatoes with the water; add for one pound of potatoes one tablespoouful of brcrwn sugar and half a spoonful of salt; add also the water of a small handful of hops; put all of this into a glass jar and keep the air out. This will keep for a mouth in a cool place. When you wish to make a loaf of four pounds, put three pounds of flour in a dish with some salt, and into this one pint of yeast at least twelve hours old. Mix oue teacup of the above yeast stock with three tablespoonfuls of flour and warm water. This will bo your sponge. Let this stand in a temperature of about GO degrees until it has risen very visibly, then, and not before, add flour and work it until it no longer sticks to your hands; then put it into your pan and let it rise again, aud bake it under such a heat as to give it oue hour's time to bake brown. On the day when you intend to bake bread be sure not to wear any " blue." Camp Saea Toqa. POULTKY AT THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. The admirers of fine poultry will no doubt have an ojiportunity during the International Exhibition to gratify their taste fully, as it is the design of the Centennial Commission to provide everything requisite to the proper re- ception and display of fowls and birds of every class. It is desired by many that there be a per- manent, as well as a temporary exhibition of poultry, and if applications for space for the exhibition of fowls during the six months covered by the exhibition, are received in suf- ficient numbers to warrant the outlay, the Commission will probably adopt measures to afford the proper facilities. If the design of a permanent exhibition be carried out, the display should be such as would impress the character of each breed upon the mind of the observer. This cannot be done when the exhibition is confined to trios in separate coops, but only by the display of as large a number as can be placed in one enclosure; thus affording by the multiplication of individual birds, eoch of the same breed, an opportunity of studying the characteristics of each particular family. Prominent poultry breeders could readily sup- ply the birds for such an interesting and in- structive exhibit. The temporary exhibition will commence on October '25th, 1876, and last till November loth, a period of fifteen days. The Commis- sion will erect shedding, and the birds will be exhibited in the same boxes or coops in which they were transported. For the ])ur|io8e of preserving uniformity, these boxes will be made according to specifications furnished by the Bureau of Agriculture. Exhibitors will be acquired to assume all responsibility of feeding, aud general attend- ance on their birds. Only such specimens will be received as are of pure breed, and even these must be highly meritorious. Further information may be had by ad- dressing the Chief of the Bureau of Agricul- ture, Internation Exhibition at Philadelphia. The Farmer's Cause. We shall endeavor to advance our cause, says the Western Arado Desert so as to reclaim it from its j)reseiit waste and worthless condition, is a part of the jilau of survey upon which Lieut. Wheeler is at present engaged. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. i^u f,fivta She flavor* Horses for Farm Use. .1^. jisALF the secret of doing good work lies nj''! in having good tools to do it with. In jHl like manner the team which a farmer ^Z/ works has as much as aught else to do 4^9 with his success or failure in farming. Our modern methods of farm mauaorement lessen the use of horses on one side by em- ploying steam wherever practicable; but they immensely increase it ou the other side by substituting horse-labor for that of men. Improved mowers and reapers for securing the hay and grain crops; improved cultivators nearly superseding the use of the hoe in cul- tivated crops, are the order of the day. It is no wonder that farmers are beginning to take decided interest in the horse business — not always in trotters for the race-course, but es- pecially in good, strong-limbed and fast-walk- ers for the plow, the cultivator, the rake and the reaper. The higher price farmers have to pa3' for hired help makes it doubly important that it should not be neutralized either by in- ferior implements or teams. With some horses, six to seven acres a day is all that can be reajjed or mown; while with others, twelve to fifteen acres are just as easily accomplished. It is discouraging to a farmer, and equally so to his hired man, to work hard all day and accomplish little through the inefficiency of his team. Work soon gets behind hand, and it costs twice as much, often more, to do work three weeks too late as to do it at the proper time. What kind of horses do farmers want? This subject is a broad one. Most attention has been paid to the trotting and racing breeds; but these evidently are not the horses for av- erage farmers. What they want is a horse strong enough for any kind of farm woi-k, of good constitution, easily kept, and one that will readily learn a fast walk for ordinary farm work. The old Monroe County Agricultural Society, now the Western New York, did a good thing years ago in oftering premiums for fast walking horses. There is no excitement in these trials of walking speed, but we opine that such premiums do more for the farmer than wbat Jo^h Billings calls the "purely ag- ricultural boss trot." In our judgment, the Percheron horse, or some other strain of the Norman French breeds, makes the best basis for breeding a hardy, active and always healthy farm horse. In some sections these French horses have at^ tained considerable popularity under the name of "Samsons," sometimes called "English Samsons," though the basis of the breed is rarely English. Their peculiarities are short legs, souud feet and heavy bodies in propor- tion to their size. The English or Scotch "Clydesdale" breed is generally too large- bodied, and too "loguey" to cross on our na- tive mares. Possibly better results would be secured by taking Clydesdale mares and breed- ing with some of the heavier classes of Amer- i.au trotters. Theoretically, this should give all the strength and body required, with suf- ficient action and speed for all practical pur- poses. A team weighing 2,100 to 2,230 pounds, clo.sely built and well kept, will do the bulk of work on a hundred acre farm, as we know by experience. If more team help is needed get S'une more horses as nearly like them as pos- sible rather than strive to get horses of un- natural size and proportions. — Hural Mto Yorker. Horse-Racing at the State Fairs. Among the abuses to which the State of California has become accustomed, is that which devotes large amounts for the encour- agement of horse-racing at the State's annual Agricultural fair. We have no objection, whatever, to any reasonable encouragement of the breeding of good horses. And that horse-racing is one of the ways of encourage- ment for the improvement of racing stock, there can be no doubt. But does the hope of \vinniug the stakes materially aid in the cul- tivation and breeding of good stock, such aa the great majority of the people use, or have need of? We doubt it. It is the race-horse and fast trotter for which the stakes are of- fered, and it is the horse-jockey for whose benefit you and I, reader, are taxed to make up the stakes which go into his pocket. When the State, through its Legislature, offers pre- miums, or racing stakes, it is simply made a party to the violation of its own laws against gambling; for horse-racing is just as much gambling as is the betting at faro, monte or any other gambling game. Call it what you will, it is gambling, nothing less. So that while the State passes laws inflicting heavy penalties for playing games of chance, which it calls gambling, it offers large sums for the encouragement of gambling in another form, in which the horse is used instead of Ihe cards, and the jockey takes the place of the dealer. Manipulate the question as you please, plead improvement of stock, and all the rest of the flams used as arguments, it amounts to this: the State offers rewards for breaking its own laws; it encourages horse-race gambling at the expense of all its taxpayers. The horse-race calls together the gamblers particu- larly. It encourages betting, gambling, tur- bulence, a desire to obtain money without having rendered any consideration for it; and the race-course and the stand become the gambling hell out-doors of the gambling fra- ternity. And you and I, aud every man who pays taxes, is assessed that the horse-jockey may win our money. While the State does this, it takes away from our citizens who give their monej' and a portion of their time to military affairs, the miserable pittance formerly allowed them in part liquidation of their necessary expenses for Armories aud other indispensable needs. How much better would it be to divert the money thrown away, and worse than that, in the encouragement of horse-racing aud horse- gambling, and bestow it upon our public- spirited men, who, m times of peace prepare themselves for war, in accord with the advice of Washington. In the one case the money put up for the jockey to win, as the gambler wins on the turn of a card. In the other it would be given to men making themselves competent to defend the country against a fareign foe, or domestic violence. Abohsh the premium on horse-racing bestow it upon the military. — Alta, June 14. Horned Cattle at the International Exhibition. The Centennial Commission proposes to adopt a scale to regulate the respective num- bers of each bi-eed of neat or horned cattle to be entered for competition. It is assumed at 700 head will cover all de- sirable entries; and upon that basis will be calculated the number of stalls which will be apportioned each breed. The scale divides the aggregate number into ten parts, and of these, four-tenth C-t-lO) are assigned to Short-horns, two-tenths (2-10) to Channel Islands, one-tenth (1-10) to Devons, one-tenth, (1-10) to Holsteins, one-tenth (1-10) to A}Tshires, and one-tenth (1-10) to animals of other pure breeds. The exhibition in each breed will compre- hend animals of various ages, as well as of both sexes. Draft and fat cattle will be ad- mitted irrespective of breed. The exhibition of horned cattle will open September 20th, 187G, and continue fifteen days. It is desirable that all persons who con- template exhibiting, will make application for stalls without delay, and if necessary at a later day such applications can be amended. Inquiries may be addressed to the Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture, International Ex- hibition, Philadelphia. |?bcicultuvc. The Growth of Salmon. HISTORY of the growth of the salmon from the small ova or eggs, may be in- teresting in this place. Each adult female salmon lays from 800 to 1,000 eggs to every pound of her weight. In their healthy condition, the eggs are generally of a pinky or amber color, with opalescent hues, semi-transparent, and exceedingly pretty in their effect. Sometimes, however, the eggs are very pale— nearly white in color; others, again, are of a bright coral red; but all that have a peculiar transparent iridescent hue are unmistakably healthy eggs. A t(Uigh, horny membrane is the "shell" which holds the embryo sahnon and preserves it from in- jury. This external shell is exceedingly elastic; an egg dropjMid on the floor will re- bound like an India rubber ball. For a month or so no change is apparent in the healthy egg, as it lies in its bud of gravel in the running stream where it has been deposited by the mother, with the tem- perature or the water at about 4.5 degrees. The eyes of the fish appear in forty or fifty days; these may be perceived as two small, black specks; and in another three or four days a faint red line is apparent, running round the interior of one side of the egg, and in the centre a small red globule appears. The "thin red line" represents the vertebraro of the fish, just forming; aud the red globule is a minute quantity of oil, which is destined to be absorbed by the fish after it comes out of the shell. Gradually the faint indications of life within the semi-transparent shell become more marked till, about twenty days after the first appearance of the eyes, the fish bursts its prison. It now presents a most ludicrous appearance, with the lower side of its slender transparent body affixed to an oval sac which it carries wherever it goes. The vital organs of the fish can be distinctly seen; the pulsa- tions of the heart are easily perceptible; and the rapid vibrations of the gills show that it is, for the first time, breathing just as an adult fish breathes. The empty "shells," as they float about in the water, showing tho rent by which the young fish breaks its prison bonds, now appear like little bits of an India rubber air-ball, or portions of the white membrane found inside the shell of a heu'a egg- The fry are now "aU alive," and as active as fish can be. Some of them will be found with their tails turned upward in an impudent manner; others bear their bodies in a becom- ingly staid longitudinal position; while others are strangely deformed. These unfortunates are unable to swim in a straight line, and can only turn round and round as on a pivot in one spot, lying all the time on their side, in- stead of swimming upright, and falling help- less to the bottom as soon as they cease their efforts at locomotion. These cripples gener- ally die; though some of them, no doubt, arrive at maturity, as is proved by the in- stances— rare, it is true — of deformed salmon, with the backbone bent and crooked in vari- ous ways. But the most curious instances of mal-for- mation are the ti.shy "Siamese twins." A double-headed creature is of frequent occur- rencs in a family of baby salmon, but these enormities seldom survive more than three or four days, though instances have been met with of a longer term of existence being given to these "monsters." For some time after birth, the young fish do not seem to grow very fast; they are ex- ceedingly active, and, though burdened with the umbilical vesicle, they swim swiftly about, rushing for a few seconds, and suddenly fall- ing again to the bottom of the stream; they are unable to rest without touching the bot- tom. The young fry do not require any food for ^^g^^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. some time to come. The contents of the s" they hear about with them serves as food for the first six weelss of the salmon's life. The poor little fish has no mother to nui'se it, so nature has provided it with a commissariat of its own. This vesicle or sac contains an al- buminous secretion similar to white of egg, and a small globule of oil, the whole of which is gradually absorbed into the system. After six weeks of this self-sustaining process have elapsed, the outer skin of the bag appears to diminish in size, as the body of the fish in- creases.— C'hamher's Journal. The subject of pisciculture continues to at- tract public attention, numerous reports hav- ing been made by the state bodies since onr last in reference to the subject. Among these we may mention the report of the Canadian government for 1874, and those of New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Operations looking toward the multiplication of the fishes of the United Btates have already, been commenced, the United States Commissioner having been en- gaged for a month past in the rivers of North Carolina, Virginia Maryland and the District of Columbia in hatching shad and in turning the fry into the waters, as also in shijipiug a portion to localities destitute of them. The States of Maryland, Delaware and New York are also engaged at the present time in a sim- ilar undertaking. Mr. Livingston Stone expects to resume his labors in procuring the eggs of California salmon on the Upper Sacramento for trans- mission to Eastern waters, and proposes a scale of operations looking towards the ac- quisition of ten millions of these eggs. It is probable that some of these eggs will be ship- ped to Chili for the purpose of determining whether the salmon can be successfully reared in the streams of that country, many of which, heading in tha Andes, discharge their waters into the ocean, apparently possessing all the necessary conditions to constitute ad- mir.ible places of abode for salmon. The United States Commission has already offered to deliver a suflicient number of eggs, pro- perly packed in San Francisco, provided that their further transmission and subsequent hatching out are performed at the exjiense of the government of Chili. The ofi'er will pro- bably be accepted. Mr. Stone has also paid a visit to the Co- lumbia river for the purpose of studying the salmon fisheries of that stream, and to select a hatching station, should any provision be subsequently made for multiplying these fish artificially, to meet any anticipated decrease in consequence of the extensive scale of cap- ture adopted on the Columbia to supply the various canning establishments. An international exhibition of objects con- nected with the fisheries and pisciculture was held in Paris in July of the present year. Reference has already been made to the ex- pectation of a similar exhibition of American fisheries at the I'hiladelphia Centennial, for which the general government and several of the States are making spc-cial provision. Measures have been taken by the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for introducing the carp into the United States, by sending Mr. Rudolph Hessel, an experienced cultivator of this fish, to Hungary for the purpose of securing the best varieties. Opinions diti'er very much as to the excellence of the carp as an article of food, although it is claimed by its advocates that it is only in Eastern Europe, and in localities not often visited by Americans, that the best races are to be found. In any event, however, the fish is a desirable addition to our resources, as it ranks with poultry in point of domestication, and can be cultivated with very little trouble in almost any kind of water, thriving best in those which are warm, and thus eminently adapted to the Southern United States, where trout can bo reared. As living largely on veg- etable food, too, it becomes unnecessary to feed it with moat, or, indeed, to make any special provision for its nurture. The American grayling still continues to be a subject of attention among pisciculturists, Mr. Fred Mather having recently made a sec- ond visit to the An Sable river, in Michigan, and obtained a large number of spawn and of young fish. The eggs are now being hatched out at Northville, Michigan, and at Mr. Ma- ther's establishment at Honeoye Falls, New York. The fish itself is not of any special economical imi^ortance; but as being one of great beauty, and readily taking the fly, it can be appropriately introduced into waters that are cold enough to receive it, and thus add, at least, to the resources of the angler. — Jho'pir's Mwjazuie for Aityust. Transporting Live Fish. — TheLondon Field of a late date contains diagrams of an aijparatus iu use V)y the German Fish- eries Association for transporting fish on long journeys, which consists of a long cask mounted on wheels, the motion of which works an ajrating bellows, so that manual labor is dispensed with. There are iron or wooden tappets attached to the Bjiokes by an open fork, and secured by a cotter, and when the wheels revolve the tappets strike upon and set iu motion a swinging lever, and connecting wire at- tached to the lever works the bellows. Should it be desired to work the asrating bellows at a quicker rate, without in- creasing the speed of the vehicle, this can be done by adding to the number of tappets. The bellows can be worked by hand in case the ajiparatus remains sta- tionary for any length of time, and the barrel can be easily removed from the frame at any time. It ia a useful contriv- ance. Irrigation for Lawns. .%? |j[i|HE Boston Journal of Chemistry, in an ar- ticle on " Making and Protecting Lawns," speaking of the dry and hot weather in New England the present season, says: " Grass plats, newly laid out, at much expense, in May, are now nearly ruined, and lawns look brown and sombre," and de- clares "that in such a climate no one can give advice that will serve to guide in the perfect preservation of lawns." Now, Cnhfornia is a drier climate on an average than New Eng- land, and right here in San Jose we can show the finest lawns in the world. The way they are kept fresh and green is by daily shower- ing with water through sprinklers attached to hose under strong pressure. Water is first raised into high tanks by wind-mills, or is taken from the city water jiipes. Many of the sprinklers are very ornamental and resem- ble fountains, but are movable, and will throw the water in any direction desired. Another way is to lay troughs under ground, a few inches deep, at a tlistanco of several feet apart, and keep filled with water under a pressure, which will saturate the soil from below the turf. By irrigation lawns can bo kcjit fresh in spito of drouth, and in no other way can it bo done. The timo will come w'heu the agricul- turists cast of the Rocky Mountains will re- sort to irrigation as a general system. Then they will have less failures, and will vastly increase the capacity of their soils, and thiis add largely to the stajilo productions ot tho country. The Love and Culture op Flowers. Nothing is so pleasant and encoViraging as success, and no success qiiite so satis- fying as success in the culture of flowers. It is a pleasure with no compensating pain — one which purities while it pleases. We gaze on tlie beautiful plants and bril- liant flowers with a delicious commingling 'of admiration and love. They are the offspring of our forethought, taste and care — a new, mysterious and glorious creation. They grew — truly; but very like the stars and the rainbow. A few short weeks ago the brown, earthy beds were bare and lifeless; now they are peo- pled with the fairest and frailest of earth's Children. We have created all this grace; moulded the earth, the sunshine and the ruin into forms of matchless beauty, and crystalized the dew drops into gems of loveliness. There is no greater pleasure than this in all the earth, .save that sweet- est and noblest of pleasures, the fruit of good deeds. There may be hard-hearted, selfish peo- ple who love flowers, we suppose, for there were bad angels in heaven, and very unreliable people in the first and best of all gardens; but it has never been our ill fortune to meet with one such — and if by accident we should discover a monstrosity of this kind, we would be more frighten- ed than we were a long time ago at what we thought a ghost sitting on a cemetery gate. To love flowers, however, becatise of their sweetness and beauty and compan- ionship, and as the wonderful work of a Father's loving hand, is what we mean when we speak of the love of flowers. Many cultivate flowers from a desire to excel their neighbors, or as an evidence of their refinement and culture, who know nothing of the absorbing love that causes a man almost involuntarity to raise the hat and bow the head in presence of so much heaven-lent loveliness. This love of flowers ia confined to no age or station; we see it in the prince and peas- ant; it is shown by the aged father, tot- tering near the grave, who seems almost to adore the fragrant flower in his buttoa- hole, and by the little ones, who, with childish glee, search the meadows for tho dandelions of early spring. The love of flowers, we fancy, is most pure and ab- sorbing with the young. The innocent and jjure can love the pure flowers, we think, with an ear-nestness and devotion unknown to some of us that are older. — Vick's Floral Guide. Kemove the Flowers. — The Garden says: All lovers of flowers miist remember that one blossom allowed to mature, or "go to seed," injures the plant more than a dozen buds. Cut your flowers, then, all of them, before they begin to fade. Adorn your room with them, put them on your t ible, send bouquets to your friends who have no flowers, or exchange favors with those who have. On bushes, not a seed should lie allowed to mature. Recent scientific investigations appear to establish the fact that guano is not, as has been hitherto believed, the deposits of myri- ads of sea birds, aceumulaling through ages; but is the result of an accumulation of fossil plants and animals, whose organic matter has been transformed into a nitrogeneous sub- stance. This view is substantiated by the fact that tho anchors of ships iu tho mighborliood of the guano islands often bring up guano from tho bottom of tho ocean. It is better to be flush iu tho pocket than in the face. -,,.^^3: -.jSb^ • California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^Ut\\ ^xmltx. The Improvement In Our Domestic Animals. fO branch of farming offers a better field for enterprise and careful ex- penditure of a small amount of ' money than the improvement of our farm stock, by the introduction of a few pure-blooded males, and females too, if the treasury will only admit of the ex- pense. About five or six years ago the subject of Short-horn bulls was introduced at some of or.r club meetings, the result of which was the purchase of one bull and two bull calves from Mr. Pliilip Tabb, who had at that time some very fine stock in Howard county, Md. The next season we had reported the sale of ten calves, averaging forty pounds more than from the same cows by a scrub bull ; this alone gave a gain of $S each on the sale of calves from the ten cows — quite a good interest on the first cost of the bull, which was $100. "With most farmers in this part of the State the temptation of selling their calves is too great to resist; they will gen- erally sell for nearly enough at six weeks old, to buy a two-year old steer or heifer, at the stockyards of Baltimore or George- town—of course, the buying must be done at the dull time, in the fall of the year. A few, like myself, have some old fogy notions, and will raise a few calves, and lambs, too, even if they are worth more at six weeks than they will bring at one year old. Several other parties have since bought some thoroughbred bulls, of the Short-horn and Alderney breeds; from this small beginning we can now show more than two hundred young half-bloods of various ages. This will in a few years add very much to the value of our old native stock, both for beef and butter- all from a very small outlay of money for the first purchase of the thoroughbred males. Very many of our small farmers do not feel as if they could spare the ne- cessary amount of money to make the first purchase. For such I would recommend that four or five living near should raise the necessary amount, by equal subscrip- tions, which would make the first cost seem much less, and all could derive the same benefit as by individual ownershij]. Or, what I consider much the best plan, is for one to own the animal and keep it at all times in the stable at his place, so that his neighbors will be sure to find him when needed, and charge them a reasonable price for service — say §1 or 5fl 50. At such a moderate price all will see that it is to their advantage to use a thoroughbred bull, as all his calves will be worth much more, either for the but- cher or to raise; they will also be saved the annoyance of an unruly bull at all times on the place (except when ho has jumped into a neighbor's corn field, or some other forbidden place). My own bull (a Short-horu) is kept up ail the time, or nearly so, does not eat a peck of grain in a year, is in fine, thrifty condi- tion on fodder, straw and other coarse food, with occasionally a little hay. By the above plan I get well paid for my in- vestment and trouble of keeping the'bull up, and my neighbors show that they are satisfied, as "sedge bulls" are a sci>rce article. I also have the satisfaction of seeing some good stock at home, and something to take a few prizes at the county fair, too. I would recommend very much the same plan with hogs. One male will answer for several farmers; but be sure that he is a thoroughbred, of whatever breed yon decide is best suited to your wants, and then do not rest satisfied with one pure crop, but continue to buy a pure blood to cross on the grade sows, so that the stosk will be improving all the time. — T. J. L., in American Farmer. Inflammatobt Fever in Cattle. — To an inquiry from a correspendent about this disease the Tribune replies: When young stock, especially calves, are subjected to a sudden change of feed, and from comparatively poor or rich sus- tenance, are put upon that of an entirely difierent character, the blood is at once affected. This altered condition is shown by fever, inflammation of the mucous membranes, especially about the eyes and the interior of the nose and nostrils, and a running from all of these. This fre- quently changes to stiffness of the limbs, with lameness and swelling. Afterward death is usually very sudden. The com- l^laint is a blood disease, known as quar- terill, blackquarter, inflammatory fever, anthrax, etc. It is seldom cured, but may be prevented. Caution should be exercised iu changing feed. Cold, damp and excessive warmth should alike lie avoided. Upon the appearance of the first symptom of disorder, a dose of salts (of six to eight ounces) should be given, followed by half an ounce of hyposulph- ite of soda, twice daily for a few days, administered in the feed or dissolved in water. A little linseed oil-cake meal should also be supplied each day. The disease may be communicated by means of a discharge from the nose. Short-Horn Catte. — In an interview with Mr. Win. Curtis, a noted Short-horn breeder of Michigan, the inqury was pro- pounded to him. Why is it you prefer the Short-horu, Mr. Curtis, to any other breed of cattle? Well, sir, he said, I can very soon an- swer that question. Because thei-e is more profit in them; there is more of them, you can get more out of them. The calves and young stock bring more mon- ey; they take on flesh faster. The cows give rich milk and the butter is rich. I know this, for I have tried Short-horns for years. They have no superior for beef. They make good working cattle. They combine more good qualities than any other breed. They cannot be im- proved by crossing with any other breed. Cross a Short-horn cow with a Devon or Ayrshire or Jersey bull, and you lose size. But the Short-horn improves everything it touches. It is the best known breed for improving native stock, and for this purpose alone they are valuable. They are kind and gentle, easily handled, good breeders and good mothers, hearty feed- ers, and I prefer them to any other breed. But I make no war on any other breed. They all have their good jjoints, but the Short-horns, iu my opinion, have the most best ]ioints. Keep the Best Cai^ves. — It is a com- mon jjractice among our farmers to sell their best calves, and keep the poorest. This is not the true way, and they are reaping the disadvantages from so short sighted a policy. This selling to the butchers all the calves that fatten the quickest, and look the smoothest, is what has reduced the quality of the etock in this country. Inpltjbnce of the Male in Breeding. The Kentucky Live Stock Record gives its opinion on this topic as follows: To impiove the breed the question arises, whether the male or female plays the greater part in the jjroposed elevation of the herd. If a breeder wishes to per- petuate and impress the goed qualities, and remove the defects of his breed, he must exercise the greatest care in the se- lection of the male and female. A single mis take in the selection of a bull will stamp qualities on his herd that will take years to eradicate. We believe the same rules th"t hold good iu horses, hold with increased power in cattle. Although we believe the sire plays the most important part, and has more influence on the pro- duce, the purity and good qualities of the dam are at least of equal consideration as the sire. In reference to breeding horses. Gen. Daumas, a French officer, addressed him- self to the Emir Abdel Kader. This was his reply: "The nobility of the father is most important. The Arabs greatly pre- fer the product of a blood horse and a common mare, to that of a blood mare and a common stallion. They consider the mother as having almost no influence upon the qualities of her produce. She is, they say, a vase which receives a de- posit, and which retains it without chang- ing its nature. Nevertheless, if race allies itself with race, there is not a doubt that the produce is good." It won't do to depend solely on sires to improve the future condition of our horses or cattle; the mares and cows must be good also. We do not here speak of show cattle, running and trotting horses merely, but taking a more extendp-l -:. ■. of the subject, looking to th tional advantage which the coi derive from the improvement c. ... .. .. of cattle and horses for general iiurposes. It will be found in breeding cattle, horses, sheep or hogs, that the males pa- rent chiefly governs the production of ex- ternal character and structures, and very naturally the contour and action of the offspring, provided the male be of a su- perior or equally pure blood with the female; if not, the result will be uncer- tain. From our observation in the human family, we have found, as a general rule, that the male children generally resem- bled their mother in the frontal and in- tellectual processes of the head, while the posterior portions jiartook of the father's characteristics. In the female child it is generally opposite, the upper and frontal jjiroeesses i-esemble the father, the posterior the mother. It is crosi-ing between animals evidently different in symmetry, proportions, characteristics and constitution, that has led so many breeders into difiiculties and failures. But that differs greatly from crossing animals of homogeneous qualities. The best results have been experienced from that practice, when the object has been to in- fluence the i^rogeny of the female by the influence of a male of greater excellence. In proof that the male parent governs the external form and character of the produce, we have only to look at the cross between the jack and the mare, and be- tween the horse and jennet. In the first case the produce resembles the jack most, in the latter, the horse. To milk a kicking cow stand off about eight feet and yell, "So, yon darned skin- flint." l-i.. mi California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Not Eemakkablb. — A Massachusetts farmer says: "My cattle -will follow me until I leave the lot, and on the way up to the barn-yard in the evening stop and call for a lock of hay." Smithson says there is nothing at all remarkable in that. He went into a barn-yard in the country one day last week, where he had not the slightest acquaintance with the cattle, and the old bull not only followed him until he left the lot, but took the gate off the hinges, and raced with him to the house iu the most familiar manner possi- ble. Smithson says he has no doubt that the old fellow would have called for something if he had waited a littJe while, but he didn't want to keep the folks wait- ing for dinner, so he hung one tail of his coat and a piece of his pants on the bull's horns and went into the house. Bunches in the Backs of Cattle. — A correspondent of the Maine Fiirmer says: Bunches in the backs of cattle are caused by thebot, or gad-fly, wslrus bovis. They may be peevented liy procuring three ounces of pure carbolic acid, which can be obtained at any apothecary's, and di- luting with one gallon of water; shake well^and place in a jug. keeping it closely stopped, and apply daily with a swab to the backs and sides of the young stock. Apply after the flrstof July, as it is about that time that the gad-fly apjieara. *-•-»■ In stock breeding no real advances have ever beeu made except by in-and-in breeding. The famous Vermont Merino sheep were produced in that way, and it is said that .all the successful breeders of sheep in Australia have pursued the same course, and with the best results. While those imbued with the idea that stock de- teriorated under close breeding and have spent much money to prevent it, have al- most without exception ruined their flocks. No strain can become fixed ex- cejjt by close breeding. "Too Poor to Take a Paper." Moore, of the Rural New Yarlier, was sitting in his office one afternoon some years ago, when a farmer friend came in and said: "Mr. Moore, I like your paper, but times are so hard I cannot jiay for it." " Is that so, friend Jones? I'm very sorry to hear that you are so poor; if you are so hard run I will give you my paper." " O, no, I can't take it as a gift." " Well, then, let's see how we can fix it. You raise chickens, I believe?" " Yes, a few; but they don't bring any- thing hardly." " l)on't they ? Neither does my paper cost anything, hardly. Now, I have a pro- jjosition to make to you. I will continue your paper, and when you go home you may select from your lot one chicken and call hor mine. Take good care of her and bring me the proceeds, whether in eggs or chickens, and we will call it square." "All right, brother Moore," and the fellow chuckled at what he thought a capital bargain. He kei>t the contract strictly, and at the end of the year found that he h'ld paid about four prices for his jiaper. He often tolls the joke himself, and he never has had the face (o say he was too poor to take a jiajier since that day. Tlio qui'Klion of reveniic must novor stand iu the way of uuudod reform. How to Keep Poultry. CORRESPONDENT, who, by long experience and continued success, knows whereof he speaks, sends the Rural Press the following on this subject: The health of our chickens has always been in accordance with the house we gave them. Roup, pip, and other dis- eases have frequently i)ut in an appear- ance, but by giving them plenty of vege- table diet and sulphur, they soon disap- peared. Were the houses and yards are kept free from dirt and filth, there has never been any material loss; hence, this is the most important consideration. We make the houses tight np to within three feet of the eaves, and the balance is slat- ted. Roosting poles are placed from three to four feet apart, equal distance from the ground, so there will be no soil- ing of each other's feathers. The walls, outside and in, are whitewashed twice a year. Roosting poles and nest boxes are scrubbed with lye frequently, to destroy insects. If this" is not found suflicii-nt, fumigation with sulphur and tobacco is resorted to, which is certain death to all lurking insects and vermin. A very important item is clear water, and an abundance of it. If a running stream can be provided, so mnch the bet- ter. The next thing is to provide a good wallowing place, and for this there is nothing better than dust gathered uj) in the road. Never keep more than fifty fowls in one enclosure. Give an occa- sional feed of meat. There is money iu the poultry business, but not without labor and attention. Lice on Fowls. — There are such a number of recipes for killing lice on hens that it is difficult to determine which is best. We use only one thing, and that is sulphur, and in the following manner: Whenever a hen takes a nest for sitting, fresh, clean hay is put under the eggs, and one tablespoonful of sulphur scat- tered over it. This will sift in among the hay, and the warmth of the hen will be just sufficient to cause slight fumes to arise and kill all the vermin which may be on the hen or in the nest. We have practiced this plan for the past twelve years, and neither a lou.sy cliicken nor mother has ever been seen iu our yard during the time named. This is our preventive for lice on young chickens' Every spring we have our poultry house and roosts thoroughly cleaned and whitewashed inside, and then Bcattej flour of sulphur in every crack and corner and liberally over the floor. Du this and repeat it in the autumn, and we will venture to say that you will have no vermin on your fowls. To kill the lice on tlio old fowls imme- diately, mix a little sulphur iu lard and grease their heads with the compound, and put a little under oa(^ll wing. Sulphur is death to all kinds of lice, and not at all injurious to higher animals. If scattered i)lontifully about barns and other out-buildings, it will destroy many kinds of vermin besides hen lice. Wo have had no "pip" among our chickens since wo commenced the sulphur treat- ment.— Rural Nen^ Yorker. A MoDEii Hen Farm.— Of a hen farm near Marietta, Ga., the Atlanta Herald says: Laubere keeps his fowls in flocks of fifty. With these fifty hens are four cocks. To each flock of fifty he gives one acre of grain; i. e., he allows them the run of one-half acre this year and the other half next year, cultivating the un- occupied half acre every year. The farm, with its 800 occupants, occupies sixteen acres. Half of this is all the time under cultivation, so that only eight acres are really detracted from agricultural pur- poses. The farm lies pretty level, and is a beautiful sight; its regular succession of fences, its alternation of cultivated spots, its scores of shade and fruit trees, its hundreds of crowing cocks and clucking, matronly hens, make a picture worth go- ing to see. .^^m-^ There is an egg on exhibition at Gog- gings drug store, opposite the plaza, that defies the genus of the hen kingdom, and completely sets at naught all former ef- forts of the genus hen to ijroduce odities in their line. This egg has a moveal)le lidat its apex, one-half inch in diameter, leaving an opening in the shell of the same dimensions, from which its contents was poured. The egg itself measures six and a half by seven and a half, and is the effort of a young Black Spanish fowl. — S. V. Ag. <■> Brahma vs. Black Spanish Hens. — A correspondent of the Country GeuUmau: I have had as much experience with Brah- mas and Spanish as any other variety, and I am confident that I can keep twenty Brahmas one year in good flesh with the same quantity of food that is required for twenty Spanish. Brahma chicks will at- tain a weight of six pounds each in the same length of time that a Spanish chick will attain four jjounds. I can get as great a number of eggs in a year from ten Brahmas as I can from ten Spanish. f0itmc. Breeding Better Pigs. 5?;^ m E are glad to hav& a question from "a working man," as to how, with- , ,,r, out going into new-fangled l>reeds, V'/^-i he can make the best of his pig- ^ i styes, because, while the sneer at "new-fangled breeds" is a mistake, we hope wherever an interest in such things is felt, to Vie able to do some good iu helping our readers to make more money out of what they keep, without the great expense many of them are so afr.aid of. And much may be done by any working man in pig breeding, if he will only use common sense. Suppose, then, your present breeding sow is in pig — if she is not, you will of course put her to the best boar you can get — but we take her as she is, and her litter as it is, or is to be by-aud-bye. The first thing you have to do is to watch that litter, esjiecially the females. You will find a ditference; some are more good-na- tured than the rest, and get on better on that account; all seems to come kindly to them. There will also be a difference in form, ono cariying more flesh tkan an- other and of liner quality — not on ac- count of a long, flabby belly, but because she is broad in the back and loins, has more barrel for her head and legs and so on. It is not rare to see one or two of a litter clearly ahead of the others. Now this good humor, tliis ample barrel, tliis greater quantity of good pork to ullal, mark out such as your stock sows for the J£S, •>■> r^^ •nafj- j- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. future. Do your best with them, feed them well, anil don't breed them till they are quite miitui'e. Before that time comes, find out who has the best breed in your neighborhood, not too unlike your own in size. Never mind the name, but find the man whose pigs grow fast, and fatten well and whose pork is best liked; he's the man we mean. Having found him, get if possible the use of his boar, cither as a favor or for a mod- erate fee, if yon possibly can. Don't mind so much about the fee; it will be the cheapest outlay you ever made, for we are not speaking of celebr.ated prize- winning strains (unless offshoots from them), but of good, well-bred, real qual- ity animals that can be found within a moderate distance, and for a very moder- ate fee, almost anywhere. That one cross alone on your own best sows, will do a world of good. But further, when you have selected the best of the offspring from this cross, use for them, if you can, another boar of the same sort. It is bad to go from one to another; whereas, by putting your own twice running to tlie same class of boar, from a good breeder you get better and better; and in this way, at almost no ex- pense, you will ere long have got a much better class of occupants for your styes. The rule is very simple; study to find out your own best, and keep on crossing them with the best you can get, always crossing from the same sort it possible, though it costs you trouble to find the boar you want. Only keep on twice to this plan, and you will find it pays so much better you will be sure to go right on of your own accord. The only ob- jection is, it you keep on long enough, you will find you have got before you know it into one of the "new-fangled breeds." Bat you won't mind it by then. —Live Stock Journal and Fancier's Ga- zette. The Berkshire Sw^NE Record. — We learn that the American Berkshire Swine Association is meeting with hearty en- couragement from many of the promiu- ent breeders of the United States and Canada, among whom may be mentioned, as an indication of the wide-spread inter- est whioh the Berkshire Swine Record has already awakened, Messrs. T. S. Cooper of Pa., C. S. Taylor of New Jer- sey, John Snell Sons of Canada, H. M. Cryer of Ohio, and Theodore Eads of Iowa. These and many others have expressed themselves thoroughly in sympathy with the work, and the very liberal support with wliich it is favored on every hand, encouraged the executive committee to believe they will be able to close the 1st valume by the 1st of August. Prom a recent interview with Hon. A. M. Garland the Secretary of the Associa- tion, we learn that it has been decided to ofler a premium of $100, for the best ap- proved essay on the history of the Berk- shire hog. In order also to call forth if possible, and to have permanently on record everything of importance that is known regarding the ancestry of such animals as are registered, it is proposed to allow to each patron, in the fii-st vol- ume, sjjace not to exceed one page — at the mere cost of printing, for the purpose of giving a complete and detailed state- ment of all facts throwing light upon the past history of his stock. It is evident the Association is deter- mined to go to bed-rock for a foundation on which to build. The structure is not to be erected on uncertain sands. The establishment of a reliable herd-book for Berkshire swine has long been desired, but the element of reliability has always been deemed of such vast importance, and withal so difficult of attainment, that the task of founding such a work has hereto- fore never been undertaken. The almost universal response of encouragement from far and from near, throughout the coun- try, shows that the day has come when such a work cannot longer be delayed. The very thorough manner in which the managers of the present enterprise are doing business, and the excellent plan for registers which has been matured, cannot fiil to bring success, and to please all re- liable breeders who want an authentic record. The decisive rejection of spuri- ous pedigrees will make this already val- uable and pojiular breed of swine more highly prized than heretofore, and will greatly assist farmers and stock-men in selecting animals best suited for the im- provement of such stock as they already have. — Prairie Farmer. Hoo Cholera — Enteric Fever. — The period of incubation is from seven to fourteen days, but is less in a hot climate. Causes: Contagion, privation, starvation, confinement, filth, etc. Symptoms: General ill health, shiver- ing, fever, great dullness, prostrative fe- ver, hides under litter, lies on belly, weakness of hind limbs, and later of the fore limbs, rapid, weak pulse, dry snout, covered by blood-stained spots, which also cover the skin, eyes, etc. , often a hard cough, little or no appetite, intense thirst, tender abdomen. After death, blood staining infiltrations into lungs and bowels, ulcers on bowels. Treatment: Give cooling, acid drinks, buttermilk, sulphuric acid, etc. ; feed soft, mucilaginous food, such as oil cake. Ad- minister twenty drops of perchloride of iron twice a day. Blister the abdomen by means of mustard and turpentine; stimulate if very prostrate. Prevention: Avoid all debilitating con- ditions, poor or spoiled food; keep ani- mals constantly thriving. Feed charcoal or ashes, also tar or carbolic acid. Avoid contact with disease. Burn infested pig- peries and remove to a new place. — Prof. James Law. Does the Use of Flour Promote Decay of Teeth ? BY BPHKAIM CUTTEE, M. D. 'HERE is no doubt that the decay of teeth prevails to an alarming extent, and it is very humiliating to our modern civiUza- tion to have it characterized so gener- tl^ ally by the occurrence of diseased teeth. The ;utiology of this disease is a great, broad, and deep subject. No doubt many elements combine together to cause it; and the person who should positively announce a single agent would be dismissed as uuworthj- of at- tention. StiU it is a matter worth discussing, and deserving the attention of the ablest minds. To ignore is not to arrest; hence we offer a few suggestions for consideration. "The Chemical yews ascribes the potato rot to a deficiency of lime and magnesia in the soil. Different observers state the percentage of magnesia in the ash of sound tubers at from five to ten per cent. ; in the diseased tubers an analysis shows only 3.94 per cent. Analysis of sound tubers shows over five per cent, of lime, but in the ash ot diseased tubers only 1.77 per cent, was found. A similar observa- tion was made some years ago by Professor Thorpe, with regard to (hseased and healthy orange trees; in the former there was a de- ficiency of lime and magnesia." According to these authorities, a deficiency of mineral salts in the vegetations named is supposed to be a sufficient cause for decay. Now, it is an interesting question whether there is any article of food employed by man- kind which is deficient in mineral matter. If so, then it should be made known to every family in the laud. Perhaps there is no article of food more generally consumed than flour, that is, wheat flour. In the forms of bread, cakes, and pastry of all kinds, it enters into every house, and is universally used and regarded as the "stafl' of life." Does flour possess a requisite amount of mineral matter? To answer this question, Mr. Sharpies, tho well-known chemist, analyzed for me the "Peerless Flour." He found .55 per cent, of mineral ash, a little over half of one per cent. He stated also that the proportion of ash in the whole grain varied from 1.65 to 2.30 per cent. So that the diminution of mineral food varies from two-thirds to four-fifths. In other words, by the use of flour, mankind loses from two-thirds to four-fifths of the ele- ments that go to make up teeth and bony structures. This statement deserves to be written in letters of gold over the door of every bakery and kitchen in the land. Flour has been used for generations, and if we can rely upon Mr. Sharpies' statement, mankind has all this while been deprived of the greater moiety of tho mineral food that the Almighty intended it should have the ben. efit of. Is it not natural to expect that the bony structures shoiild suffer from this great withdrawal? For it is a ijreat withdrawal. Suppose that a water supply pipe should be cut off two-thirds to four-fifths, would not the supply be greatly dimiuished? Cut off the same "quantity of time from the hours of day- light; and would not our darkness be gi-eat? Take away two-thirds to four-fifths of our muscular food; would not a strong man be- come very weak? Cut off air to the same ex- tent; woiild we not lose our breath? And why should the bony tissues not suffer in hke man- ner when their food is withdrawn? I think they do. Perhaps a little evidence in tho contrary direction may throw light upon this. A dentist, whose name is well known, said that he filled some fourteen cavities in the teeth of his first-born child by the time he was four years of age. He put his family upon the "use of the whole grains, and the next child had no retarded dentition, and not a decayed tooth up to the same age! The same gentleman says that the teeth which decay are not compacted or knit to- gether with the firmness of healthy teeth. There seems to be an arrest of perfect devel- opment. Though what can be more natural than to expect imperfect development and de- cay, when from two-thirds to four-fifths of the proper bone food is habitually withdrawn from an article of diet which is more largely used than any other? How common it is to see infants not cut- ting any teeth at all, until they are twice as old as they ought to be. The good effect of the whole griin diet is shown iu Dr. Harri-' man's second child, above alluded to. To be sure, it is only one case, and must not be made too much of. Now what is to be done about it? Certain- ly one man's dicta amount to but very little alone. What we need is evidence from others. Suppose that every medical association of the country take up this matter, have an- alyses of flour made, try feeding mothers and childi-en upon the whole grains of wheat meal, oat meal, corn meal, beans, etc., and suppose they all come to the same conclusion as tho vniteT has done. Suppose they officially an- nounce the result. Would it be long before the general pubhc would heed the truth, and thousands of persons would rejoice iu tho California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. possession of that priceless treasure, a set of perfect teeth? Note: Through the kindness of Mr. E. H. Davis, Superintendent of Public Schools in Wobiirn, Mass., the writer has been furnished with the following astounding statistics, em- bracing returns from several of the largest primary schools of Woburn, a fair represen- tation of the prevalence of diseased teeth among children: With Sound No. Scholars. Teeih. Decayed. Lawrence Primary ll;i 14 Iw) Plymjiton St. Primary. 9-4 27 (i7 Hikland St. Primary... 71 26 46 "What Smoking Does fob the Boys. — A certain doctor, struck with the large number of boys under fifteen years of ago whom he observed smoking, was led to inquire into the effect the habit had upon the general health. He took for his purpose thirty-eight boys, age from nine to fifteen, and carefully examined them. In twenty seven of them he discov- ered injurious traces of the habit. lu twenty two there were various disorders of the circu- lation and digestion, palpitation of the heart, and a more or less marked taste for strong drink. In twelve there was frequent bleeding of the nose, ten had disturbed sleep, twelve had slight ulceration of the mucous membrane of the mouth, which disappeared on ceasing from the u.se of tobacco for some days. The doctor treated them all for weakness, but with little efl'ect until the sinoking was discontin- ued, when health and strength was soon re- stored. These facts are given on the author- ity of the UrUish Mnlical Joariml. SpECT.iCLBs become necessary when you first notice yourself going to the window in- stinctively for a better light, or when your eye gets tired by looking at any small thing near at hand, or a dimness or patering is manifestad, so as to cause indistinctness. First purchase No. 20, and as you observe the symptoms above named, get No. 18, and so on. Glasses should be near enough to the eye almost to touch the lashes; they should be washed every morning in cold water, and carried in a pocket by themselves. Brazilian ])ebble makes the best lenses. Avoid reading before sunrise and after sunset. Read as lit- tle as possible before breakfast or by artificial light; do not sew on dark material at night, and use no other eye-wash than pure, tepid, soft water. Babies' eyes are often injured by allowing the glaring sunlight to fall upon them. Coke for a Felon. — As soon as discoversd, take some spirits of turpentine in a cup, dip the finger in it, and then hold the hand near a hut fire till dry; then dip it iu again, and repeat for fifteen minutes, or till the paiu ceases. The next day, with a sharp knife, pare off the skin, and you will find something like a honey comb filled with clear water, open the cell and the felon is gone. If the felon is too far gone for turpentine, oil of origanum, treated in the same way will cure. If too far ailvanced for either to cure, the felon will be benefitted, as it wiU. be less pain- ful. Never draw it. Burns and Freezes. — Whatever is good for one is just as good for the other. Cold water or snow will remove the first fire or cold, then essence of peppermint, or a strong solution of alum water will h.arden the skin and draw out the pain. Great care should be taken witli bui'ns or freezes, not to break or rack U|i tlie skin; and never put on drawing poultices, it makes a big sore. A cloth with a little mut- ton tallow or some soft oil spread upon it, will keep out the ail- and heal it where the skin is lorn up. Abstinence from low pleasures is the only means of meriting or of obtaining the higher. Kindness in ourselves is the honey that bUnds the sting of unkiudness in others. 'What Shall We Do Daughters ?'" With Our RS. LIVERMORE has made this query the text of one of her fine lectures. It is certainly an important problem, but the Davenport Democrat thus sums up some sensible lessons which should early be impressed upon them : Teach them self-reliance. Teach them to make bread. Teach them to make shirts. Teach them to foot up store bills. Teach them not to wear false hair. Teach them to wear thick, warm shoes. Bring them up iu the way they should go. Teach them how to wash and iron clothes. Teach them how to make their own dresses. Teach them how to cook a good meal of victuals. Teach thgm that a dollar is only a hundred cents. Teach them how to darn stockings and sew on buttons. Teach them everyday, dry, hard, practical common sense. Teach them to say No, and mean it; or Yes, and stick to it. Teach them to wear calico dresses and do it like queens. Give them a good, substantial, common school education. Teach them that a good, rosy romp is worth fifty consumptives. Teach them to regard the morals and not the money of their beaux. Teach them all the mysteries of the kitchen, the dining-room, and the parlor. Teach them that the more one lives within his income the more he will save. Teach them to have nothing to do with in- temperate and dissolute young men. Teach them that the farther one lives be- yond his income the nearer he gets to the poor-house. Rely upon it that upon your teaching de- pends in a great measure the weal or woe of their after life. Teach them the accomplishments, music, painting, drawing, if you have time and mon- ey to do it with. Teach them that a good, steady mechanic, without a cent, is worth a dozen oil-patent loafers in broad-cloth. Teach them that God made them in His own image, and no amount of tight lacing will imjjrove the model. < ■ > • Begin Right. It matters little -what tbo employment is upon wliich you are aliont to enter, whether we go into the offie, the workshop or upon the farm, it will be well f(jr us to remember that as we commence the work to be accomplished, so will we l)e likely to carry it through to the end. The liook- keeper who goes into the office to work for a year, and allows himself to bo care- less and his accounts to become confused, will never recover. At the end of the year, when customei-s come in to settle and compare accounts, the negligent ac- countant will learn that many little items left over just for the present were never recorded, and the dissatisfaction arising from sncli negligence is likely to cost liiin his position in the otlico, which must ho iillc'd by a man who h.as learned to per- form tlie work assigned him carefully and promptly. Upon a farm, most especially, the -work is varied, and tlie time at which many of tlio tasks should be performed so arbi- trary that, if wo court success at all, wo must learn to do everything at the right time. This cannot be done if we go on in a sort of haphazard way, making no plans to-day for the work of to-morrow, but we must have our course carefully mapped out. There are farmers all over the country who cannot to tell where they will plow — what or where they will plant or sow. They only know that they will turn over a piece of sod somewhere for corn, put in a little patch of potatoes some other place, and sow a few oats if they conclude where to put them. Is it any wonder that such men are always in a hurry, always behind with their work, always put their crops in late, complain that \t is a backward season and that their corn was cut by the frost before it was ripe, and that their potatoes are rotting for want of time to dig them? Are there not good and sufficient reasons why the wind throws down their unstaked fences, that their stock is unruly and always do- ing damage, that their oi-chai-d3 bear none but unmarketable fruit, that their mea- dows yield nothing but wild grass for want of draining, and that the roofs of farm buildings are always leaking? Is it a problem difficult to solve why their mowing machines are continually break- ing down, their harness giving out, and cattle, sheep and horses dying of disease? It is all because this class of farmers al- low their work to drive them. They lay no plans, and do everytliing a little too late. They are forever "dragging the cat by the tail." Such men ought to be com- pelled to work for a year or two nnder a careful, methodical farmer, and made to know what it is to accomplish a great deal and to do it easy and -well. As an illus- tration of the success (or failure rather) of those men who are negligent in the important details of farm work, I will mention one instance -which has just been brought to my notice. A farmer residing in a county adjoining that in which I live, having read one of my letters concerning root crops, determined to follow the ad- viea given, and put in one acre of carrots. After having drilled in the seed he left the crop to itself until the weeds had be- come so thick that he could not find the little plants upon which he had, at their first appearance, built visionary supplies of yellow roots. But not completely dis- couraged by the first failure, he plowed the ground again and put in turnips. But negligence again stepped in and robbed him of the reward of his labors. Weeds were again allowed to get the advantage, and as a last resort he sowed Hungarian grass, wliich, being put in late, -was killed by the drouth, and thus ended his first cx))erienco in raising root crops. Had ho laid his plans the year before, and plowed and harrowed the ground for roots re- peatedly, making the weeds grow and then killing tliem, he would have been able to report a far different result.— C T. Leon- ard, Ohio Farmer. Science on the Farm. What has science to do with farming? Probably nothing, probably much. With what n ; and unless you begin with these, all your flashy attainments, a little geology, and all other ologies and osophies, are osten- tatious nibbish." It is too generally the custom among the schools of to-day to neglect these so-called "common branches." They omit the foun- dation, and build up a vast and imposing structure of showy accomplishments. No sooner does a pupil of one of these schools attempt to enter upon the busy scenes of life, than he finds this "castle iu the air," built at so great a cost of time and money come tiun- bling down about his ears. It is in part to the business college that we must look for a remedy for this state of affairs. These schools, when properly conducted, lay the foundation firmly by imparting thorough instruction in all the more useful branches of an English education. Then the structuri* built thereon in not merely ornamental — it is massive, and it has a look about it of com- mercial utility, suggesting the 'scenes of a busy and useful life iu the arena of business. The lessons there imparted have special ref- erence to the practical affairs of life. They teach the pupil how to make himself useful in any capacity, and how to earn his Uving hon- orably. The}' imjjart to him confidence iu his own abilities, through use of them while at school, and furnish him with the tools with which he must work out his success in his after carees. These institutions have been of great assistance to the aspiring young men of our country, and hence their remarkable pop- ularity. Tropical Plants for Ornamental Pur- poses, etc. Among the great variety, I ■would men- tion some of the palm family, and first, the corypha Australia, or in common par- lance, the Australian cabbage palm; the Cycas revoluta, or sago palm; the foliage is most graceful. Isaboea spectabilis produces a sweet syrup called palm-honey used for domestic jmrposes. Tlie nuts are used by confectioners, and by the boys as marbles. The leaves are employed for thatching roofs, etc., ■whilst the trunk, which is hollow and very hard, is con- verted into an excellent ■water pipe for the purposes of irrigation, etc. But the most available tree for orna- ment and use, with -which I am familiar, is the celebrated Bahia, or Naval Orange, the king of oranges, witliout pulp or seeds, smooth and thin-skinned, the flavor most delicious. And last, but not least, is the Passaflora or Granedellis, the Gar- abalda and Chinese Peach, the former of which is not only graceful as an ornament but produces abundance of fruit every month in the year — iu this respect like the Naval Orange. The smaller variety is the best fruiter, and resembles straw- befties and cream. It also forms a de- lightful shade for balconies, verandahs, or out-houses, etc., being one of the great- est runners, and will make its way over the house top, if allowed so to do. — Win. Hohbs, in Los Angeles E.npi-ess, Several fruit-dealers iu Portland, Me., are sending apples to Europe, receiving twelve dollars a barrel. gcruodtdd ^CiTiling* Love Lightens Labor. §GOOD wife rose from ber bed one mom. And thou(,'bt, with a nervous dread, Of the pile ol clothes to lie wsshed, and more Thau a dozen iiiouthti to bt! fed. ' There were mealB to yet for the men in the riJ-c^ fields, <* CJ And the children to fix away To school, and the milk to bo skimmed and chumed; And all to be done that day. It had rained in the nif^ht, and all the wood ■\Vaa wet as wet could be: There were puddings and pies to bake, besides A loaf of cake fle porch, witli a roof over it, and a honeysuckle in front of it, or a grape- vine, or a hop-vine, or morning-glories, or flowering beans clamberiug.up a trellis and shutting out the ardent rays of the Buu. What a nice place that would be for carrying on the various activities of a Bummer's morning. One could wash there, spread the ironing table beneath the growing grapes, set the dinner table there, shell peas, stone cherries, and do a thousand other things in the open air ■while keeping an eye on all that goes on in the kitchen. If there is but a step from the house to the ground, two or three larger trees justat the door are bet- ter even than a porch. We lived in such a kitchen once, and spent all the pleasant summer days in the open air. The cradle had a little awning over it, there was no clatter of shoes on the grassy sod beneath no slops on the floor, no furnace heats, nothing but rural peace and quiet shade. It does not occur to a great many women that there is any better or easier way of doing than the one to which they have become accustomed. The tendency of housework is to settle into a fixed rou- tine and wear deep ruts, to go out of which is no easy matter. But it is not a bad plan to start inquiries in every de- partment of domestic industry, and try experiments until one finds out the easi- est way of accomplishing the matter in band. In the winter, of course, the nearer the ironing and baking table is to the stove the fewer steps will be required, but this is not the first consideration in Summer, and if one will have a high chair to sit in while ironing or baking on a low table, the distance from the stove ■will not amount to much. Beside, chil- dren of five and six years old can be taught to take steps. Tliere is another matter not very well wnderstood by American cooks. We use entire too much fuel; we cook by too hot a fire, we eat too much hot food, wo boil our soups and vegetables furiously, when all we want is to raise tlie temperature of the liquid in question to 212°, which can be done with a moderate fire and no in- considerable saving of stove-lining, coal, and i)hysical discomfort. It is calculated that one-third of the power generated in any machine is consumed in overcoming tlie friction, and one great problem with machinists is to reduce the friction to its minimum. Lot ns apply this problem to housekeeping, and begin by studying all the ways in which we can keep cool. — Jf. Y. Tribniie. PnoFiT OF Marbyino.— Here is what an old Kentucky farmer says about his wife; I have been married twenty-two years. The first four years before I was married I began farming with two hundred and fifty acres, in Blue Grass region, Ken- tucky. I handled cattle, hogs, sheep and horses — principally the flr^t too named— and lived, I thought, tolerably economic- ally; spent none of my money for tobacco in any way; neither betting a cent or dis- sipating in any way, and yet at the end of four years I had little or no money. I then married a young lady of eighteen years of age — who had never done any housework or work of any kind except to make a portion of her own clothes. She had never made a shirt, drawers, pants or waistcoat, or even sewed a stitch on a coat, and yet before we had been married a year she had made for me every one of the articles of clothing named, and knit numbers of pairs of socks for me — yes, and mended divers articlss for me, not excepting an old hat or two. She had also made butter, sold eggs, chickens, and other fowl-i,and vegetables to the amount of near six hundred dollars in cash, at the end of the year, whereas, during the four years thiit I was single, I had never sold five cents' worth — besides making me purely happy and contented with my home. And so far as to making of money, we have made money clear of expenses ever since we have undertaken the farm, and she has made three hundred and fifty to five hundsed dollars every year except one, during the time, selling butter, eggs, and marketing of different kinds. My yearly expenses of fine clothing, etc., before I was married were more than my yearly expenses were after I was married combined with the expense of my wife and chiklreB; and our farm has increased from two hundred acres; and I believe that if I had not married, it never would have increased but little if any; and I have never been absent from home six nights, when my wife was at home, since we were married, and her cheeks kiss as sweetly to me as they did the morning after I was married. Engaging Manners. — There area thou- sand pretty engaging little ways, which every person may put on without running the risk of being deemed either affected or foppish. Ths sweet smile, the quiet, cordial bow, the earnest movement in ad- dressing a friend, or more especially a stranger, whom one may recommend to our good regards, the enquiring glance, the graceful attention which is so captivating when u.sed with self-posses- sion— these will insure us the good re- gards of even a churl. Above all there is a certain softness of manner which should be cultivated, and whicli in either man or woman, adds a charm that almost entirely compensates for lack of beauty. The voice can be modulated so as to in- tonate that it will speak directly to the heart, and from that elicit an answer; .and politeness may be made essential to our nature. Neither is time thrown away in attending to such things, insignificant as they may seem to those who engage in weightier matters. Very True. — Some one has well said that " jtarents who spend money ju- diciously to imjirove tho house and grounds about it, are paying their child- ren a premium to stay at homo and enjoy it; but when they spend money unneces- sarily on fine clothing and jewelry for their (children, they are paj'iug them a premium to spend thf^ir time away from home — that is, in places where they can display auch ornaments." A Happy Home. — In a happy homo there will V>e no fault-finding, over-bear- ing spirit; there will be no peevishness or fretfuluess. Unkindness will not dwell in the heart or be found on the tongue. Oh, the tears, the sighs, the .wasting of life and health and strength, and of all that is most to be desired iu a happy home, occasioned merely by unkind words! A celebrated writer remarks to this effect, namely, that fretting and scold- ing seem like tearing the flesh from the bones, and that we have no more right to be guilty of this sin than we have to curse and swear, and steal. In a perfectly happy home all selfishness will be re- moved. Its members will not seek first to please themselve, but will seek to please each other. Cheerfulness is an- other ingredient in a happy home. How much does a sweet smile, emanating from a heart fraught with love and kindness, contribute to make home happy. At evening, how soothing is that sweet cheerfulness that is borne on the coun- tenance of a wife and mother! How do parent .and child, the brother and sister, the mistress and servant dwell with de- light upon those cheerful looks, those confiding smiles that beam from the eye and burst from the inmost soul of those who are dear and near! How it hastens the return of the father, lightens the cares of the mother, renders it more easy for youth to resist temptation, and drawn by the chords of aftection, how it induces them with lowly hearts to return to the yaternal roof. Seek then to make home happy. — Ex. Show and Parade. — We find the fol- lowing floating among our exchanges, and it strikes us as being worthy of being read and pondered by all: The world is crazy for show. There ia not one, perhaps, in a thousand, who dares fall back on his real, simple self for power to get through the world and exact enjoyment as he goes along. There ia no end to the aping, the mimicry, the false, airs, the superficial airs. It requires rare courage, we admit, to live up to one's enlightened convictions in these days. unless you consent in the general cheat, there is no room for you among the great mob of pretenders. If a man desires to live within his means, and is resolute not to appeaa more than he really is, let him be a])plauded. There is something fresh and invigorating in such an example, and we should honor and uphold such a man or woman with all the energy in our l^ower. « » > Despondency. ^What is the cause of spondency ? What is the meaning of it ? The cause is a we ik mind, aud the mean- ing is sin. Nature never intended that one of her creatures sliould be the victim of a desire to feel and look the thunder- cloud. Never despond, for one of the first entrances of vice to the heart is made through the instrumentality of despon- dency. Although we cannot expect all our days and hours to be gilded as sun- shine, we must not, for mere momentary griefs, sujipose that they are to be en- shrouded in tho mists of misery, or clouded by tho opacity of sorrow and mis- fortune. A Jlilaneso lady, after long study and toil, has invented a process to spin the goasiinier threads from cold cocoons, which atfords con- siderable advantages on the old method of nsing lu'iited water, viz. : less space, no coal, less trouble for the spinner, aud greater strength in the silk obtained. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. SAN JOSS INSTITUTE AND BUSINESS COLLEGE. San Jose may well be proad of its educa- tional privileges, and of no one school more than this Institute and Business College. Mr. Kinley, who has lately become proprietor of this school, is an experienced educator, »nd Tinder his superintendence it will not be likely to lose any part of its well-earned reputation as a first-class institution of learning. AVe have often referred to this school, and feel it is worthy of the attention of all who design giving their children a practical education. It is to such institutions as this that we miist look, in a great measure, for a remedy for the imperfections in our public system of educa- tion. To be educated to advantige, it is not enough that we understand the theory, we must have the ability to apply what we have learned. This is the object of the business college. The course of instruction in our San Jose Institute seems to be complete in the va- rious branches. The school offers many ad- vantages, and although it is graded, students may, at any time, pass into higher grades in any branch, if on examination, they are found qualified to do so. Person's wl- ,e early education has been neglected may lo. ceive special instruction without the annoy- ances of public schools. Throughout the whole course of study two fundamental pur- poses are kept constantly in view: the mental and moral growth of the student, and his qualification for the labors and duties of life. Mr. Kinley hopes to be able to add an agricul- tural department to the school in a short time, aud to make the institution worthy the inter- est and patronage of the public. Mr. Vinson- haler is still principal of the business depart- ment to which ho devotes his entire attention. There is no vacation to his department. This gives the pupils a chance at any time to con- tinue their studies. Conifera of the Pacific Coast. J. Begg, of Gilroy, has been making a col- lection of the difi'ereut conifera of this coast, for the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. He has already been at the work for several mouths, aud collected over 2,500 specimens. He intends making a structure thirty-five feet high aud twenty-five feet in diameter. The base will be octagon in shape, with arches twelve to fourteen feet high, and decorated with the cones and foliage of the different species of evergreen trees, forming an entirely unique exhibit — difterent from anything ever presented to the world before. The base of the structure will be a repository for the ex- hibition of California. He has correspon- dents collecting in different parts of the coast. The captain of the Alaska Fur Company's vessel cruising in the Northern Ocean and the Aleutian Islands has promised to make a col- lection, and gentlemen interested in the mat- ter in Alaska and British Columbia are also assisting. Mr. B. would be glad if any one having fine specimens of cones, or being in a vicinity where such could be obtained, would send them in to him, care of W. J. TurnbuU, Sansome street, San Francisco, as he is desir- ous of haviug all the varieties foimd on the Pacific Coast included in his collection. Ho intends to exhibit a model of his cone pyra- mid at the coming Mchanics Fair, which will, we predict, be one of the most original and attractive objects in the exhibition. We hope his efi'orts will be generously seconded. — Bul- din. We visited the San Jose Institute lately, and in passing through the parlors noticed some very fiue paintings, the work of Mrs. Kinley, wife of the Superintendent. Many of the pictures were original and spoke of talent that would do credit to some of our more pretentious artists. One of these, a sunset scene in Indiana, was especially well execut- ed. Among the copies were two scenes from Cole's Voyage of Life that were very beauti- ful indeed. A Chance for Men of Small Means. It is generally conceded that to make a suc- cess of orange-growing a man must have cap- ital. Land that is suitable for their culture and that is well supplied with water cannot bo bought for less than one hundred dollars per acre, and often costs more. The trees cost from one to three dollars each, according to size, aud to prepare the ground and plant out is an expensive job. When all this is done, the trees must have constant attention and careful cultivation for eight or ten years, be- fore they will return much of an income. It is therefore plain that a man who desires an orange orchard, especially if he is anxious to get it as soon as possible, must be prepared to lay out a good deal of money, at once, and to continue laying it out for a number of years. This being the case, the poor man may well at once dismiss from his mind the illusion that he can come to Southern Califor- nia, and in a few years possess an* orange orchard of fabulous value, unless there is some way in which he can make his living and make his orchard as he goes along. We believe there is a way for the industrious man of smaU means. There are men within five miles of this city at the present time, struggling under a load of debt, and trying to hold on to their orange orchards till they come into bearing, who yet do not seem to know that in the cultivation of small fruits and vegetables is their chance for salvation. They borrow a^oney at high rates of interest, and potter arouml waiting for their trees to produce, and at the jame time buy their vegetables, or do without. It seems to us that a man with a few hiind- red dollars, and a little industry, can certainly make money in a small way, but a sure one, by undertaking the culture of small fruits and vegetables. If he is ambitious of possessing an orange orchard, he can grow one in the meantime. With a few acres of land suitable for vegetables, he can, with hardly any ad- ditional expense, raise his own trees, plant them out aud care for them, and w-hen thoy have come to maturity, bringing in a good round income, he will have the satisfaction of knowing tliat they are the reward of his own industry, with no mortgage on them for cap- ital invested that was not his own. In this way, men of energy, with a few hundred dollars for a beginning, can make a good living aud secure a home surrounded by all the associations that cling to a home made by one's own hands. — Sani-Tropical Farmer. .-•-> The statistics furnished by Mr. Dodge to the Bepartment of Agriculture reveal, in start- ling figures, the vast natural wealth of our country. Less than one-fifth of the entire area of the United States is occupied by farms, of which only one-fourth is under till- ago. Notwithstanding our enormous wheat crop, the land which produces it is not equal in extent to the surface of South Carolina. Our national crop, maize, covers a territorj- not larger than Virginia, and the potato crop could grow in less than the area of Delaware. In view of these figures, who can question the boundless resources of America, or look with misgiving upon our steady tide of immigra- tion ? Home. Best of all things to us is home. In hours of ambition and pleasure we may sometimes forget its exquisite sweetness, but let sickness or sadness come, and we return to it at once. Let the hollow hearts that feign a friendship which they do not feel, stand revealed before us — let us know, as we all must at moments, that however important wo may be in our own estimation, our places would be filled at an hour's notice should we die to-morrow; then we whisper the magic word Home, and are comforted. " Home, Sweet Home!" It does not mat- ter how humble it is, nor is it less a home for being a palace. It is where those we love dwell — wherever that may be — where we are valued for ourselves and are held in esteem because of what we are in ourselves aud not because of power, or wealth, or what we can do for other people. Who would be without a home? Who would take the world's applause, and honor, in place of the tenderness of a few true hearts aud the cosy fireside meetings where the truth may be spoken without disguise, and envious carpiug are unknown? In life's battle even the hero finds many enemies and 7nuch abuse and slander and detraction; but into a home, if it is what it ought to be, these things never find their way. 'There, to his wife, the plain- est man becomes a wonderful thing — a sage, a man who ought to be President of the United States, and would be were his worth known. • m > ' m *— • Aeekic.\n Fakmees. — We hazard the assertion that no class of equal average means live so well as American farmers. One of them possessing a farm and build- ings worth ten thousand dollars will gather about him and enjoy more real comfort than could be obtained from the income of one hundred thousand dollars in New York. Ho may live in a more commodious building than a metropolitan citizen having ten tUousaua auiuirs in- come. He may have his carriage and horses. His table may be supplied with everything fresh in its season. His labor is less wearing than the toil of counting- rooms and offices, and he has more leia- Don't marry a man if he drinks. Kev. Daniel Waldo once said: I am now an old man. I have seen near a centurj-. Do vou want to know how to grow old slowly and happily? Let me tell you. Always eat slow- ly— masticate well. Go to your occuiiation smiling. Keep a good nature and soft temper everywhere. Cultivate a good memory, aud to do this you must be communicative; repeat what you have read; talk about it. Dr. .Tohn- son's great memory was owing to his commu- nicativeness. It is said that grasshoppers will not eat peas. A farmer in Minnesota who observed last year that peas were not harmed, planted 200 bushels of peas this year and they have not been touched. Peas make an excellent substitute for corn to feed to stock, and the fact that they can be raised in the grasshop- per region is an important one. ■We are a believer in pedigrees for all of the animal kingdom that has been sub- jected to the uses of mankind, but believe that it is by a selection of the best animals of a kind or family, that the race is im- proved, not by using everything that has the blood of a particular family in it to perpetuate the species. ■ ii — The man who is only honest when honesty is the best policy is not really an honest man. Honesty is not swerving policy but stable principle. An honest man is honest from his inmost soul, nor designs to stoop to anght that is mean, . though great results hang on the petty fraud. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Self-respect is the noblest garment with ■which a man may clothe himself — the most elevating feeling with which the mind ean be inspired. One of Pythagoras' wisest max- ims, in his golden verses, is that which en- joins the pujjil to reverence himself. The idea of turning a portion of the waters of the Colorado river from their present bed and cause them to run upon the lands of the Colorado Desert so as to reclaim it from its j)resent waste and worthless condition, is a jiart of the plan of survey upon which Lieut. Svheoler is at present engaged. It has been estimated that the American nation smokes 5,168,(100 cigars a day. This, at five cents a cigar (and what sort of a cigar can you got fortivo cents?) would amount to over $250,000 a day. Physician— '-Why don't you set a bound to your drinking, and not exceed it?" "So I do, old fellow, so I do; but then, you see, it's so far off that I always get drunk before I reach it." Value the friendship of him who stands i>y you in the storm; swarnis of insects will sur- round you in the sunshine. What is the use of talking of this world's brightness and sunshine to a man (hat has tight boots ? Jokes are like nuts- better they crack. -the drier tliey are the A good throw at dice is to throw them away. eg- TheN»tionaI Gold Medal was awarded to Brad- lev and Rulofson for the best PhotographB in the lliiitsd States, and the Vienna Medal for the bvst tn world. »» 4ia Montgomery Street, San Ifrancisco. < ■ > The report that Treadwell & Co., of San Francisco, are closed up is not true, says the Jinral Press. They are selling harvesting machinery and other goods a' usual, although much of their large stock if being sold, it is said, below cost. < » * Sy Any party wishing tj obtain a lot of graded Angora goats would do well to notice Shane k Belknap's advertisement, on second page of this issue. Any one having sheep to . let should correspond with box 32, Carsou City, bee advertisement on first page. tW Our readers will notice that Reardon Si Co. have disposed of their carriage manutac- tory to Limerick & Muthwillig, two young meu who were formerly iu their employ. The business will bo carried on at the same place, and iu a mauuer deserving of patronage. A Standard Tenipsraiice }m Essaj. TO THE FRIENDS OF TEMPERANCE. The Coniiuittee appointed by the National_Tem- peraiiee Conveulion, helil at Saratoj-a, in 187:!, ou the 6nl)jecl of a Standard Temperance Work, de- cided to divide the work mto three parts, and to otter Two I'ii/.ea for each nt the lliree U8«ayb, to be open to all writers who clioone to compete therefor, in this and oilier ronntries : 1. The Seientilic; embi-acing the Chemical, Phy- BioloKical, iind Medical aspeels. y. The Historical, StiUislical, Economicid, and Political. 3. The Social, Educational, and KeliKious. The fund at command, through the elfortH of.Mob H. .liu-kaon, of West Grove, Chester county. Pa., enabled the Committee to offer one year ago Pri/.ns of $-)00 and *3II0 for accepted maniiscripls for Part I, and the responses of writers, now under e.vamin- alien, lead the Comrailtee to hope for a work of value commensurate with llie great cause it is ex- pected to promote. This encoiiragement and the fund at connnaiid, and personal guaraiUce of Mr Jackson, now further enables tbc Committee to announce Two Prizes for Part II- the Historical. Stalisljcal, Economical and Political, and Tw Prizes for Part III, embracing the Social, E'lac? tional and Religious relations of Temperance: \h.: ' For the best essay for each of these parts, adiudgeJ satisfactory, the s'um of S500 will be paid; for i\\' second best essav, the sum of $300 will he paid - accepted maniiscripta to become the property of tlif National Temperance Society. The offers lor Part II and Part III will reir.ain open to all coaipelitors one year, till July 1, ISTfi. ManuBcnpls [with the names and addresses of the writers by whom thev are forwarded for com peti lion, enclosed in separate sealed envelopes, not to be opened till after the award has been madel should 1)eforwaided to A. M. Powell, 58 Readrf slreel, New York. The essays should be of sach a character toat, while adapted in style to iuterest the general read- er, tliey will also meet the demands of soholarly criticism. . , Those who intend to compete for tnr> \met oi- fered for these essays, and who raav desire more infonnalion as to the scope of tlie work and "ig geated subdivisions, will be furr^shed wilh furlh";r particulars by applying to M.- Powell, a. above. In order that the complete Standard \V>.rk may be placed before the pnl.i:" at the earliest priicl.c- able day, the Committee "rgently amieal to fi lends of temperance to promptly supply them with funds HOW TO PAIHT, A New Work by a Practical Painter, designed for the use of Tradesineii, Mechanics, Merch- ants, Farmers, and as a Guide to Professional Painters. ContaininRa plain, common sense state- of the methods employed by I'aiuters to produce aat- Isfactory results in Plain and Fancy Painlinir of every desi-riptioii, including Formnlas tor Mix- ing Paint In Oil orAVater, Tools required, etc. This is just the Book needed by any person having anything to paint, and makes "every Man hi* o>Tn Painter." Full Directions for using White Lead, L.amp- Blacli, Ivory Itlaclt, Prussian Bloe, lIKra- Marlne, Green, Yellow, Vennllion, Brown, Lalie, Carmine, Whitinsf, Glne, Pumice Stone, AspluiKum ami Spirits of Turpen- tine, Oils, Varnislies, Furniture Varnish, Milk Paint, PrepnrinB Kalsomine, PAINT FOE OUT-BUILDINGS, Whitewash, Paste for Paper-Uanging, Graining in Oak, Maple, Mahogany, Rose- wood, Black Walnut; Hanging Pai>er, Staining, Gilding, Bronxlng, Transferring Decalcomauia, Making Rustic Pictures, Painting Flower-Stand, Mahogany Polisli, ! Rosewood Polish, Varnisliing Furniture, I Waxing Furniture, Cleaning Paint, I ' PAINT POE PAEMING TOOLS, for Machinery, and for Household Fixtures. TO PAINT A PAEM WAGON. to Ke-varuish a Carriage, to make Plaster Casts. The work is neatly printed, with illustra- tions wherever they ean serve to make the subject plainer, and it -nlll save many times its cost .yearly. Everj- family should possess a copy. Price by mail_ post-paid. $ I , Address Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, SAN JOSE, CAL. . to meet the pr.i«e6 aniiounced and to pi. woi-k. Tlio »"'" "f $5'"'.i atleast, add ty Mr. E. G. Wilson is prepared to do all kinds of plumbing and gas fitting in a satis- factory manner, and at reasonable prices. Ho is also agent for the Slouther pump, which may be seen at 335 Santa Clara street. ^p° A new dental offices has been opened over Rhodes &, Lewis' drug store by Drs. Hooker & Finigan, who promise good work. J. N. SPENCER, Real Estate Agent AND General iiuctioneer. TTIAUMS OF EVKRV DESCRIPTION — -^ Valley and Hill lands — High and l,ow prired Farms — Farms to suit overyliody. Correspondence solicited. Business I'liances a specialty. Property of every riescription hmight and sold. Houses routed, and Loans negotiated. oc th< ;ist, additioiLvl to that oi> '.'and. will be required. CoHtribnlioos may be fiintto Job H. Jackson, Treasurer, West Grove C'.<*Bter county, Pa.; to J. N Stearns, Publishing Auenl of the National Temperance Society, 58 Steade street, New York, or to any member of the ' (Committee. A. M. Powell, ^ James Black, K. C. Titman, !■ Comniitteo. A. A. MlKER, I Neal Dow, j 5S Bcade st.. New York, .March, 1S75 Mr^ STIJYVES^iTT, Of Edgcwood, Ponglikeepsie,., New York, wishing to increase hip Short-horn herd of cattle, offers for sale is entire herd of AYI^SHir^E CATTLE, Containing Twenty-five Cows in milk and in calf to "ROBBIE BRUCE," nnrtoulitedly the fincBt Ayrshire bull in the inuntry: four Heifers, due tiM-alf by the same Hull rturin;,' the Summer; seven Uoil'or Calves, droppeil this Spring; four Bull C.TlvcK of this Spring; one yearling Bull, and the Bull ROBBIK BBl'CE. This entire herd will be sold for the sum of $8,000. This herd is eompused I'f the two entire herds for- merly belonging t" Mr. W. Birnie]c.f Siuingfleld Mass.. and Mr. H. 8. Collins, ColliTiBvUle, Conn. Mr. 8tuy- vesant having some years sinec Imuijht these two en- tire herds, and having had a weeding out sale last fall. The above stock is now recorded iu Mr. Bagg's Ca- nadian and American AjTshire Herd Book. Mr. Stuy- vesaiil. liowevcr, » ill agree to ireord all this stock eilh. r iu the uew vdume to be issued by the Ayrshire Bre
n Montfioniery St., No. 417, is now on Kearny St., No. 115 and has no connection with any 'ther. Stranfjcrs visiting the City will find it for their ;ntereHt to patronize this CRtnblishment for any kinil jf pictvire from Minatnre to Life Size. N, B. The very best Rembrandt Cards Album Fize f per doz. equal to any that cost S4 on Montgomery it-; other Bizee equally low in proportioa. ap SHERlViAN & HYDE, Cor. Kearny and Suiter Sis. SAN FRANCISCO, WHOI.E8AX.& AND BZTAIL DEALEHB m SHEET MUSIC, Musical Instruments, MUSIC A L MEIi CITANmSE, OrderBfrom the Interior promptly filled. MANUFACTURERS OF THB Acknowledged by MuBiclans to bo the Best LcKf Priced Instruments ever offered for Bale OQ this Coast. THE UNEQUALLED These Superb InBtniments have achioved a Bucot-sK unparalleled in the history of Piano-forte Manufafture. Thiy are remarkable for Great Volume, Purity and Sweetness of Tone, and Durability, THE CELEBRATED The Most Desirable Instruments in the martct for church aiiil jiarlor. Ovi-r 28.u()0 imw in xiso. SHERMAN & HYDX:, GENERAI, AGE\TS, SAN FRANCISCO. FAREVIERS' UNiON. (SuaccsBors to A. Phibieb & Co.) Corner of Second and Santa Clara Sts., BAN JOSE. CAPITAL $100,000. Wm. EnEBON, President. H. K. H11.LS. Manager. Directors t Wm. ErkBon, L. F, Cliipman, Ilurace Little, C. T. Settle, Thomas E. Snell J. P. Diicllov, Diiviil Ciiiiii'.l)L-II, Jaiij<-« Siiij,'I*-U>n, E. A. liral.y. oy Will do a General Mi rcantllo BuBlneHR. Also, roLuive iliiiosita, on which such uittireat will bo al- lowed aH may be agreed upon, and make loans on ap- proved Becurity. sA.:Nr JOSE SAVINGS BANK, 280 Sa7ita Clara Street. CAPITAL STOCK . . . $600,000 Paid in Capital (Geld Coin) . $300,000 Officers: President John H. MoohK Vice-President s. A, Bit^Hop Cashier H. H. KEYNOLDd Directors I John H Moore, Dr. It Bryant, H. Mabury, 8. A. Bishop, H. H. KejTiolds, Jamea Hart, James W. Whiting. NEW FEATURE t This Bank Issues " Deposit Receipts," bearing lnti--r- estftt G, 8ttud lU percent per annum; intertKt payable promptly at the end . SCOTT, XbX.S., Pliysician and Drurjtfist. PELTOIT'S SIX-FOLD HORSE-POWER. TTAVING MADE NEW ARRANGEMENTS -* *- with MR. McKENZIE. I am prepared to supply my Puwerfi to all ptTKonB favoring me with their or- ders. All Powers liereaftitr manufactured can only bo olitiiined of mo or my Agents. In future they will bo made under n)y directions and Hperirn-uti-.nfl, and nothing but a prime quality of Machinery Iron will bo UBed in their manufiwturo. I have ' reatly improved the appliL^ation and bracing of my Levers, which will give them ample strength. All Powers fnlly warranted. For further inf^ irniation send for clrcwlarfi and price lli^t to S. FI!IiT02\r, Patentee. ap Sau JoBo, California. IO. G. T.— GRANGER LODGE, No. 29^, meets • eveay MONPAY eveuing, at 8 oVlncli. in tlieir Hall, No 'jai Santa Clara street, over the H. J. Savings l^ank. MemlMTK of sister Lodges and sojourning members in ^uod Kijnidlng are invited to attond. JouN U. Stevens, W. Scc'y, JACKSON LEWIS, DEAI.EIt IN WATCHES, mini immil Etc. Agent fur the Celebrated S I ADS O KB SPECTACIiES, AI^O, BRAZILIAN PEBBLES And Common Glasses, 259 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. WOODLAND FOVIiTRV VAB.DS 2a Victorious ! Half the Awards at the Last State Fair. Send for Price List of EGGS and FOWLS. VH. W. J. PKATHER, ap Woodland, Yoln Cu,, Cal. AUGUST. 1 8. M. T. w. T. F. s. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 30 31 R. C. Kirby & Co., TANWERS! SAmcmoiinAmDsiiiuuiHsii Wholesale Dealers. OFF! c i<; : 402 and 404 Battery St., San Francisco. E. J. WILCOX, ffiicox Block, No.SS-f First St., SAZr JOSE, CAL. Cdli/iyniia ami Easkm Hade BOOTS AND SHOES, A Large and Superior Assortment. Ko. 394 First Street, Wilcox Block, San Jose. ALL KINDS OF rjALiroENiA m mm ^ LUMBER, ■' Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc Constantly on hand. All Orders Promptly Filled^ p. O. Box 50y. These Valves are thesim- idejst and must perfect in eouMtrue- tiou of any Valvo ever invented. For cheapness, durability and capaeity of discharging water, they are not etiualed by any ntluT Valve. We mannfucture sizes from ;i to 7 inches diameter, and for Hand. Windmill and Hurse-power (ir Steam Pumjifl. We also keep on hand and mannfac ture the best and cheapeBt Well Pipes. FRED. KLEIN, Dealer in Stoves, etc.. No. 'I'll Santa t'lara street, a few doors west of the PoBtoffice. San Jose, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, iiST First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOR Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. C. SCHRODEF^, CALirOENlA mil FACioav, 349 Santa Clara Street, Near the Opera House, San Job©. Confectionery in Great Variety', AVliolseale and Retail* BS^ Ordern promptly attended to, FRED. KLEIN, S T O V^ E S , SIIKET-IRON, Copper, Tinioare, Iron Pumps, Kilflmn Ulnn.tils, Celebrated Peerless Stoves. nil Santa Cluru St , Near PoBtullice. San Josk. DI^. J. N. KLEIN, SURGEON DENTLST. RHODES & LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, No. 355 First >itro«t, SAN JOSE. 1875. fi Boots and Shoes. W Patent Pump Valve. Grain Dealer. Candy Factory. Stoves, Kitchen Utensils. Rnnm II. xt to Will (HIT'S I'liotn^rapll (lallury, Bai.ta cjl«ra aircut Volume 6. ITumlDer 9 Subscription Price, $1.50 a year. SEPTEMBER, 1875. Single Copies, 15 c«niB. TABLE OF CONTENTS. •* 104-, Kflitorial.— Cnnsistont nnd InooneiBtoiit Irrifiatiou of Orchards. Sometbiug About Orcharding. •* 105, Editorial Notes. Etc. •' 19G, Poetry,— Bettor than Gold. A rVoice to Young Men, Go Ahead. The Bachelor's Ad- vice. A Woman's Answer to a Man's Ques- tion. The Sower. ** 19T, Kditorlal.— Science In Cultivation. Sheep and Goats. — More Facts and Fig- ureR About the Angora Goat. *' 198, Sheep and Goats (continued) .— Cor, respondence. — Lompoc Temperance Col- ony, Santa Barbara County. ** 199, Coi-respondence (continued). — Liquor in the Temperance Colony. A Tiji-top Letter from the Santa Cruz Mountains. Etc, " 200, Domestic. — Chats V itli Farmers' Wives and Daughters, (by Jewell) . *• 301, Domestic (continued) .—Familia Talks. Boys and Girls.— Minnie Tries to be a Lady, by Nell Van. ** /303, Boys and Girls (continued).— Letters From the Young Folks. Stock Breeder. — The Lea4.Ung Breeds of Cattle. «• 203, Stork Breeder (continued). — Live Stock at the Centennial. ** 30-1, Porcine.— Hog-Raising. About Adver' tising Swiue. Etc. ** 205, The Daii-y.- The Quality of Butter. Setting Milk. Watericg the Milk to ge Cream. Etc. '' 3 01;, The Hors e.— More System Wanted In. Brcediua Horses. Horses. The Poor Mule. • Care o. ** 30y, Apiary.— The Slaughter of the Bees. Bee-Farming in Lua AugeluH County. About Bees — for Children. Facts and Fancies, Etc *• 308, Hygienic— Tired Nature's Sweet Ro- Btorer. Location of Houses. Eatiug. Fresh Air and Pure Water. Healthfuluess of Lorn ous. Remedies for Coughs. Etc. " 309, Educational.- WhatiB a Good Educa tinu? lltiiHou and unipulso. Be Faithful Etc. Correspondence (continued),- So- liloquy of a School-Teacher. ** 310, Women. — Something About Woman's Lph.*ro and Wort. A Lady's opinion upon Pulitical Questions. A New College for Wo- •* 311, \Voinen (continued) .—A Response from Jewoll.-Proper Wheat. Stick to the Farm. Etc. 312, Aliscellaneons. NO . ins FIRST Street. CEORCES.HOLIV3ES, ( Fonnatiij Xeidham d' /'<%. ) OppOHitf NowYurk B;ik(Ty MiiuriiCTiiEER OF picTUEE nmi IN STORE FROM THE EAST, A LARGE LOT OF READY-MADE SQUARE AND OVAL • Walunt Frames, bougbt at a low price. Chromos mouuted. Picture Frames of all sizes MADE TO ORDER at the very lowest prices. A choice lot of Chromos and Engravings bought at auction. Iiow Rent and Low Prices. Satisfaction G-uaranteed. SWORN Mnilo to the owut-rw of Sewing Machine Patentp.fur the ypiirs 1S7'2, 1H73 and 1H74, also giviUf,' the increuye and decrease of the dittereut Companies; 1H72. 1873. 1874. Sinjfer 9Ianii- fiicturiiisr Co. .219,758 232,414 241,679— Inc. 21,921 Wheeler & Wlson.I74,0«S 119,190 92.S27— de.81,2r.l Gruverfc Baker... 52,(110 30,177 es.20,0(Xl— '• 32,010 Domestic 49.554 40,114 22,700— " 20,854 Weed 42,444 21,709 20,59,5— " 21,949 Wilcox & Gibbs... 33.039 15,881 13,710— " 19,929 Wikon 22,006 21,247 17,525—" 6,141 .\nioricanB. H.... 18,930 14,182 13,.529— " 6,401 Gold Medal 18,897 10,431 15,214— " 3.0.S3 ri..r.-nce 15,793 8,700 5,517— " 10,276 Howe OS.35.000 Victor 11.901 7,440 6,292—" 6,609 Davis 11.376 8.861 niecs 6.053 3,458 KeminBtou Empire 4.982 9,183 17,608— In. 12,626 Brunsdorf & Co... 4.202 8,081 1,806— de. 2,396 Keystone 2,066 217 37—" 2,028 lini-tram & Fanton. l,l»IO 1,000 2.W— " 750 Secor 311 3,430 4,541— In. 4;230 A. C. PERKINS, an Agent for Santa Clara County. CALirOENIA GLOVE Ikmil SAN JOSE. WILCOX & WILLIAMS, MunufacturcB and deaU-rs in GLOVES AND GAUNTLETS Of all DecBcriptions. Heavy Bacfc Gloves for Teamsiers' ami Par. mel-H* Heavy anil Lji|rHt Gauntlets for I-ad- les and Gentlemen, Heavy and I.i>;lit Ituck- sbins for Gentlemen and Fine Kids for Liailies. B5"The very best materials are used in our Factory, and skilled workmanship is gnaranteed. Store and F.ac«ory: Santa Clara St., opposite the Auzerais House. FOR SALE! HALF -INTEREST IN THE CALL-ORNIM GRICULTDRIST AND LIVE STOCK JOURNAL. Inquire at the Office, FAR FOR SALE. 537 ^cres — A Good Grain Farm, 9 miles F<'utli''aet rt miles o«t. $5,000« 158 Acres — Valley Land; Good Honao anil fair inii)rovenients; 8 miles out; near AUuadeu lload. Price, $6,250. ]SION^EY to LO^A^IST At Lowest Rates, and Insurance effected IN SIX LEADING COMPANIES. JAMES A. CIiAITTOSr, m Real Estate Agent, 290 Santa Clara Street. A. O. IIOOKEB, Late Gunckel & Hooker. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Thohquuhbeed Spanish fmm FOR SALE- n A One and two years old Thoroajjlibred OU Spanish Mirinn Bams, Califiirnia brud, from Ewes imiMirtod I'mm Vi.riuoiit. and sirnd bySevcrauee /i Pi'ft's <'i'lobratod ram Fbemont, ami by their ram UuEEN MocNTilN, wbic-h -tiiok the first prcmiumB at tlcu Jiay District and Stato Fairs. Last slioarinfj, a5!roiluri-(l by tlioKuropnin and Amt-rifan Chr«inoPub. liHhiiij; Co. Thoy uro nil iierftK^t Oeins of Art. No ouo ran resint tlU:' U'inptaticMi to buy when HOcinK the CbmnioH, CiinvHHHiTR, AgcntH, ami InrlioH and M<*nlU'- mtsn nut of oiHi)lnytn*int, will find tliiH ttu- brst opni- inji cvfr offtrod to niako niouey. For lull parttculurH, Heiid Rtnmp for confitlential circular. AddrewH F. OLEASON, & CO.. 738 Waehiugtoh St., Boston, MaBS. SAN JOSE CLOTHING STORE, 266 Santa Clara Street, San 3'ose. O'BAITIOM" Sc PAGE, San FrancUco, brcoders of Short-Horn Cattle. I.,EWIS PIERCE, S\ilfun. Solano county, Califor- nia, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SHEEP AND GOATS. MRS. ROBERT BLACOW, Centerville, near Niles Station, Alameda county, Cal. Pure-blooded French Merino Rams and Ewes lor sale. A. G. STONESIFER, Hill's Ferry, Stanislaus Co., Cal., breeder of Pure-blooded Frerrch Merino Sheep. A. VROJttAN, Jenny Lind, Calaveras county, Cal., Cotswoia Bucks for sale. References, Moody & Far- ieh, Sau Francisco: Shippee, McKee k Co., Stockton. I.ENDRUM & ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal., im- porters and breeders of Pure Angora Goatfi. C. P. BAIIjEY, Sau Jose Cal., importer, breeder and dealer in Cashmere or Angrtra Goats. Fine Pure-bred and Grade Goats for sale. LBNDRUM & ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of the finest Cotswold Sheep and Angora Goats. MCCRACKEN & I.EWIS, San Jose, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of fine Angora Goats. Also, line Cotswold graded bucks for sale. THOS. BUTTEEFIELD & SON, UKEEDER9 AND IMI'OBTERS OF ANGORA OR CASHMERE GOATS, CtF* Also. Cotswold and other long wool Sheep. "^ FRENCH AND SPANISH MERINOS. HOLLISTER, MONTEREY CO., CAL. SWINE. CHARI.ES CLARK.Milpitas, Santa Clara County, Cal., breeder of Purebred Berkshire Swine. POULTRY, MRS. X4. J. WATKINS, Santa Clara, Premium Fowls. White Ley;horn, S, S. Hamburg, Game Ban- tams, and Aylesbury Ducks. Also, Eggs. M FALLOX, Seventh and Oak streets, Oakland, Cal., ^fffers for sale Eggs from every variety of choice Fowls. AliBERT E. BURBANK, 43 and 44 California Market, San Fraueieco, importer and breeder ol Fancy Fowls, Pigeons, Rabbits, etc. MEAT MARKETS, I EDDY & BRO., Stall No. 1, City Market, do a gen- 4 eral butchering and market business. City orders delivered free of extra chart^e. MISCELLANEOUS. S, HARRIS BARRING, San .Tone. Cal.. agent for several breeders of Best Purebred animals and poul- try. We bring the breeder and purt-baser together direct, and do not stand between them, while we aid each for moderate pay. DAWSON *Sc BANCROFT, TT. S. Live Stock Ex- change, southeast comer o4 Fifth and Bryant streets San Francisro. All kinds of eommon and thorough- bred Stock always on exhibition and forsale. SPLENDID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, only Sa a dozen, and Cabinets $4 a ddzen, at HOW- LAND'S Oallery (Hoerlug's old stand] No. 35t) First street, San Jose. fe ly WALLACE A: lU)iIBINS.:j.sii First stret^t. Handsome turnouts alwiiyson hand at fair prices. Fine hearse for funerals. Carriagis for sale. Give ws a trial. BSANaUINETTI, 418 an4 420 First st. Bookcases, • wardrobes, kitchen safes and i)ieture frames made to order. Furnittiro made and repaired. BOSCHKEN, Hardware, Builders' Materials. House Furnishing Utensils, and all kinds of Shelf Hardware, 417 Firyt Strtiet, Sau Jose, J California Agriculturist A.m^^ EM^wm e^QioiE orour^st^E* Vol. 6. Saxx Jose, Cal., Septexxxber, 1875. ITo. 9. CONSISTENT AND INCONSISTENT IRRIGATION OF ORCHARDS. If au orchard has been irrigated until the surface soil is filled with roots, and then tho irrigation of it is neglected for a single sea- son, tho drying out of the soil, filled with roots dependent upon it for moisture, will be likely to kill tho trees outright; and at any rate they will be severely injured. We have noticed sever.al cases of this kind, first and last, and although we have several times spo- ken of it, yet we every season see some or- chard suffering from such neglect, through tho apparent ignorance of tho proprietor, who as likely as not, wonders what is the matter with his orchard, and thinks that fruit-trees are short-lived in this California soil and cli- mate. He will teU you how he has irrigated his orchard and cared for it, to give it a good start, and now, when the trees should grow and bear fruit without all that extra care, they *' up and die." Kow, while we advocate the irrigation of the orchard where one is so situated that it can be done every summer, we must advise not irrigating at all unless it can be done ev- ery year in a consistent manner. There are several good orchards that we have noticed, growing on upland soil without irrigation. They will not jiroduce as much, nor as fine, large, juicy fruit, as an orchard that is irri- gated, but the trees are always looking fine and healthy. Such trees, not irrigated, run their roots deeply into tho soil, and do not de- pend upon surface moisture. They grow their roots, as do the California oaks, away below the reach of drouth and hot, dry, cracking surface soil. On the contrary, trees grown upon soil kept moist by irrigation, spread their roots upon the surface, and send very few deejily into the earth. If such trees are not kept BUiJplied with surface-water, the result must bo, and always is, serious. The roots and sap dry up, the leaves turn yellow and fall, and the tree dies of thirst and starvation. The soil in an orchai'd to be gi'own without irrig.-vtion should bo kept loose by cultivation, to prevent the loss of moisture from the un- der soil by evaporation. The pruning should bo just enough to pre- vent straggling — just enough to make close, symmetrical, spreading heads. No inside thinning-out should bo done. An orchard that, for lack of water, can be irrigated only one, two or three times during tho dry season should be cultivated on the same plan as for one not irrigated ; .ind when tho water is to be let ou, it should be run between the rows in a deep furrow, and not bo allowed to wet the loose soil ujion the surface at all. And further, when the water is turned out of a furrow, the furrow should be covered up with loose soil to prevent the soil from cracking and the water from escaping into the air. This system, where trees are watered only occasionally, is excellent, as the roots are en- couraged to run deeply, and will never come near the surface excejjt at the furrow in which tho water is run. This being some dis- tance from the trees will be all the better: the feeder-roots will take it up gradually. One or two good waterings in this way during tho season, letting the water soak into the soil thoroughly iu one furrow before running it into the next, will help an orchard wonder- fully. The same amount run about tho trees upon the surface, would injure instead of benefitting the orchard. The only exception to this rule is upon loose sandy soil with a gravel bottom, where the wafer would leach away instead of soaking into the under soil. Where abundance of water can be had for irrigating purposes, it has been found to bo the best plan to conduct it through among the trees, as nearly upon the sui-faco as is conve- nient. The soil is to be cultivated lightly as soon as the ground is dry enough to work well after irrigating, and when the soil shows that it is getting dry the same thing is to be re- peated. Au orchard irrigated on this plan will make a very vigorous growth and produce an immense crop of fruit, and fine fruit, too. Tho roots will be found near tho surface spread like a mat. The finest orchard in the State, Mr. G. W. Tarleton's, is irrigated on this plan, and a plow is never stuck into the ground for fear of injuring the roots, but a cultivator, gi'aded to cut two inches, is run amongst the trees often enough to keep the surface clean and light. Several persons near San Jose who have cultivated strawberries in their orchards for some years, irrigating the same all summer to keep them growing nicely, and who have dug up tho berries and stopped irrigation, have seen their trees die and become worth- less. We think it important that every far- mer should understand the philosophy of ir- rigation well enough to never make mistakes of this kind. SOMETHING ABOUT ORCHARDING We have taken a look through several orchards this month, and observed many things iu the way of fruit and culture worthy of note. Mr. J. M. Patterson, Avho owns the finest prune orchard, although his crop was cut very short by frost, is still as sanguine as ever and making improvements. His orchard is on moist rich soil, and has never been ir- rigated, but Mr. P. is making preparations for irrigation, has a Kipp's viprigbt boiler and engine of 3% horse power which will run two (i inch pumps, raising water about ten feet. Tho water stands in the bored well only seven feet from the surface. Ho has laid a six inch square redwood pipe or floom, IS inches under ground along the upper side of his grounds. At convenient distances are plugs four inches iu diameter, .so that the pipe can bo tapped and tho water coudiicted at will through any portion of the orchard or black- berry patch. The cost of such a pipe laid down is about $2.00 per rod, and when once placed will last for yeiirs and no trouble. Mr. P. thinks that evenou his superior moist soil it will pay to irrigate when the fruit is growing. Heretofore he has produced the finest plums and prunes ever seen in market. The cost of Kipp's 3J^ horse power upright engine and boiler was $4.50 laid down, and about $60 to set the same, including crank attachments to the pumps. The pumps cost $25 each. Persons wishing to irrigate with steam power, would do well to examine Mr. Patter- sons rig which is most complete and econom - ical in every respect. Mr. Patterson has some old fashioned damson trees in his or- chard which the frost did not injure. They have been planted 22 years, and are still fine and healthy and loaded with beautiful fruit. He has several times realized $25 per tree from them in a single season, and will got probably more this year. We picked from a pear tree some Sickle pears that were larcer than the average of large Winter Nelhs pears. We had to ask the name of them, although we are used to seeing the wonderful produc- tions of California. We never saw finer Bartletts, Flemish Beauties or Buorre Clargeaus. Mr. Patterson's system of cul- tivation is similar to that of Sir. Tarleton's thorough surface cultivation, only a Uttle deeper, as the surface has not been irrig.ated. Mr. Pattersons orchard trees are set closer together than trees in any other orchard we know of, excepting the one we shall next notice. He has obtained more fruit from the acre and better fruit by so planting. In our sunny and windy country, we have long been satisfied that close planting is best and have frequently said so before. Mr. Charles Caine, a prominent fruit pro- ducer and dealer, has tried the experiment of planting cherry trees in au ajiplo orchard, be- tween the trees in every row — and with the best success. He can show as fine a growth of cherry trees — and that without irrigation — as any person in the State. His apple or- chard, when he purchased it a few years since, was in a neglected condition. It is now fine, all grafted to Newtown pippins and valuable, bringing in a good revenue annual- ly. Next season Mr. Caine expects a fine crop of cherries from the same orchard without diminishing the apple crop. The only fair crop of peaches near San Jose this season was produced by Mr. Caine. When the nights were frosty in Ain-il, and killing everj'body's else fruit, Mr. C. built fires among his trees, using brush, straw, and strawy manure for the purpose. As the frosts continued several nights in succession, he ran short of fuel, but managed so as to get a very fair crop of splen- did peaches, and he sold them for a big price. A lot of large old ajiricot trees that are on one of his rented pieces became straggly and spreading out of shape. He cut the limbs well back ^vithin a few feet of the trunk hvst Spring. The result is beautiful, round heads of numerous new limbs, promising lots of fine fruit another season. Every season Mr. Caine "colors" his best fruit for market. This is not done with paint and brush, but with sunbeams. The fruit, after picking, is laid for a few days under a half-shade, so as to get the light "without sun-burning. The fruit soon colors up in a beautiful manner. Every one has noticed that while some fruits on a tree are high-colored, others ou the same tree are not. The action of sunlight ia only needed to give all a charming color. This ripening and coloring process completed, the fruit is nicely packed in boxes and brings the fancy prices — more than double what it would if shipped at once without this trou- ble. Mr. C. studies to make whatever he undertakes pay, and so far with success. The day we were at his place his team was haul- ing manure to spread thickly upon the soil among his trees. This is something that he knows will pay in increased size of fruit and tree-growth. Thorough surface cultivation is the rule with him, as with all best orchard ists. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^mgio(ihgottn\iiV S. HAREIS HEEKING & CO., Editors and Publishers. ^ OFFICE: Over the San Jose Savings Bank, IJalbacU's Biiildinsf, Santa Clara btreet, near First, San Jose. SPECIAL TEEIIS TO A0EOT3. EATES OF ADVEBTISING. Per OBO column «' 0"/P.' *^?.°*^ •• half Column ° '" „ " fourth Column „ m .. •• " pisbthColumn , ™, .. .. " Bixteeutli Column 1 w ISF- Wc are d.-tf-niuneil to adlicre to to our resolution tondmitnoue hut worthy buBi.. ess ;idv.rtisinBm our columnB, and to Vmv clear of pat.nt ,n..di.-me, hquoi, and otbcr artvurtisementfi ..f doul.ttul lutlucnce. riu- lar-fi .inulation, the d.-Birahlr .law of readers, andtli.' u."at and couveuieut form.r. nd. rh this Journal a choice medium tor reaching the attention ol the masses. ^^^^^^^^^^ EDITORIAL NOTES. The State Short-Horn Convention will meet iu reynlar Semi Annual Convention, on AVednesday the 22d of the present month (September) during the week of the State Fair. There will be no public auction sales of stock under the auspices of the Society, but wo le.irn that several breeders are in- tending to make sales on their own account. The general impression among breeders of fine stock is that the spring is a better time for making sales than the fall of the year. Saving Straw for Stock has finally got to be the rule as it should bo on grain farms, instead of the wasting and burning it as was so generally done a few years since. The value of a good straw stack for stock, when feed is short, is being appreciated. Now the question is, the most convenient and economical way of saving. Undoubtedly an elevator attached to a separator for stack- ing straw is a great improvement. It saves much time and labor, and will soon be con- sidersd au indisponsible attachment to all California separators. Some farmers are thinking of building largo sheds, or roofs, iu convenient parts of grain fields, where stock can be fed handily, for sheltering straw every season ; and they wiU then stack the grain along side so that the straw elevator will deposit the straw un- der cover directly from the threshing ma- chine. Those who have tried this method of saving straw, could not be induced to go back to the old way. Wo commend this idea to such of cur readers as may feel interested in tho matter. Many Subscribers have asked us how they shall remit money. While the matter of remitting a small suljscription for a paper should be the easiest thing in the world to do and everybody should know just how to do it, it still is a matter of considerable moment to many who wish to pay for their papers ; and it is of some concern to publishers who need these small amounts which aggregate so much when counted upon the books, and without which crumbs a poor publisher would starve. Were currency as good as gold, as it should be, a post ofiice order would be preferable to anything else. Now, if you buy a $1.50 post office order with coin, it is payable to us only in greenbacks, and we loose about 15 cents, which we cannot afford to do while we have to pre-pay that much postage on the AoBicnLTURisT. But $1.50 in coin will bring about $1.68 in currency and this will buy a post office order payable to us in like amount, which will bo satisfactory to us, and is really the most convenient way of sending small amounts through tho mail. An order will cost 5 cents, postage 3 cents more. Sometimes money comes to ns through Wells Fargo Express, costing the sender or us 25 to 50 cents for $1.50. This is paying rather dear for the whistle, although we be- lieve a m.in better do that than not take the Ageicdltukist and Live Stock JonKNAL, and pay for it too. Another good and convenient way is to send a check on a San Jose or S.in Francisco bank. The merchant, where you purchase your family sitpplies, would most Ukely furnish you with a check for the money which we could easily get the money on. We advise this as another most con- venient way of sending money. The check, which can only be paid to us or our order, can bo sent as an ordinary letter with but three cents postage. Be sure and send in same letter your full address, name and post office plainly written. Please do mot forget, however, that whatever way you do send it, the most important part of the transaction to the pubUsher is to get his dues, and one year in advance. We are asked what are our lowest sub- scription rates to Patrons of Ilusliandry. We would like to be able to aft'ord the Agkicultcrist and Liak Stock Jodknal for half-price to evervbody, and give a good farm for a premium besides ; but the truth is, iffl.uO a year is as low as we can publish it, with- out sever.'vl thousand more subscribers ; and If every one who takes it doesn't have a bet- ter farm, by doing something to make it better, either we do not make a paper worth taking or he does not read as carefully as ho might, or else does not practice as well as he should. We believe in tho co-oporativo principle, and if publishing a paper for every- body at a low price does not como near practicing the principle on our part, we would like to know how to better it. A little more co-operation on the part of some of our subscribers in the small matter of paying up promptly, would bo appreciated and help matters wonderfully. We shall expect all good Patrons to lie willing to co-operate with us, for we arc trying to make just such a cheap Monthly Journal as every farmer on the Pacific Coast ought, and can afi'ord to have ; iu fact, cannot afford to do without. To our Correspondents or about them we have said very little through the columns of our Monthly, but we feel under many obligations to them and know they have done very much to make the Aokicultubist AND Live Stock Journaz. interesting to all readers. And this our readers will attest to, and for our readers we say thanks to you all, and may you never cease to favor our columns. We wish that aU farmers and farmer's wives and daughters would feel it a duty and privilege to write something of their ex-perience and ideas upon subjects which interest all. It is yimr paper and you who like to read it should write for it. By tho way, " Uncle Ben " has been able to give a Boys and Girls department en- tirely original this month, thanks to the young folks. We want you all to write. The Domestic department is also original and good too. We have another "Chat"' from "Jewell" on hand for next month, also two other of her articles: "how to dress babies " and " two ways of feeding babies " — both invaluable to mothers who have the care and responsibility of the most precious live stock raised on the farm. These will appear, one next month and the other the following. It is always most convenient to publishers to have articles come in early, but better late than not at all. A Recent Ramble through John Rock's nursery discovered to us mauy things inter- esting. Within two years Mr. Rock has added greenhouse culture to his other branches of that business. Among tho many novel- ties seen, we will notice his collection of choice palm-trees. At great expense he sent to Central America and Mexico for seeds of the finest varieties of palms, and has been successful in starting over five thousand trees which are growing finely. This is a valuable acquisition to CaUfsrnia. It is just what wo want to see. Mr. Rock can probably come as near filling any order for choice plants and trees of all kinds, as any nurseryman iu Cal- ifornia. Our Lompoc Correspondence will be found very interesting. Some of our ex- changes which cater to the powerful liquor interest, characterize the proceeiUngs of the temperance women at Lompoc as a disgrace- ful mob, and say they had better try and cover up their drunkards' shame. We say good, bravo, glory to the women of Lompoc 1 Un- cover the demon alcohol wherever you can find him. Beat him down and outr-with law or without law. Give it no rest amongst you. Never hesitate .about the means, but do quickly what you find to do, and fail not, falter not iu well-doing. A FAKMKB complains that a hook and lad- der company has been organized in his neigh- borhood, ilo states that the ladder is used after dark for climbing into his hen-house, after which the hooking is done. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Better Than Cold. ; ETTER tban Rraudeur, better than gold. Than rank and title a tlioiisaud fold, Is a healthy body, a mind at ease. And siuiple pleasures that always pleaee. A heart that can feel for a neighbor's woe, And share his joys with a genial glow, With KymputhieB large enough to enfold All men ad brothers, iij better than gold. Better than roM is a conscience clear, Thoiit,'h tniling for brtiad in a humble sphere, Doubly b|. Kt with content and health, Untried by the lust of cares or wealth. Lowly living and lofty thought Adorn and eunoblu a poor man's cot; For man and morals and Nature's plan Are the genuine test of a gentleman. Bolter than gold is the eweet repose Of the sons of toil when their labors close. Better than gnld in the ptior man's sleep. And the balm that drops from his slumbers doep, Bringing sleeping draughts to the downy bed Where luxury pillows his acliing head; His simpler opiate, labor deems A shorter road to the land of dreams. Bettor than gold is a thinking mind, That, iu the realm of books can find A treasure surpassing Australian ore, And live With the great and good of yore. The sage's lore and the poet's lay. The glories of empires nass away ; Thp wo'-ld's great drama will thus enfold And yield a pleasure better than gold. Better than gold is a peaceful home, Where all the fireside charities come ; The shrine of love and the heaven of life, H.iUowed by mother, or sister, or wife. However humble the home may be. Or tried by sorrow, with heaven's decree, The blessings that never were bought or sold. And centre here, are better than gold, A Voice to Young Men. BT ANNA LINDEN » Stand nobly up and face life's work With brave and honest soul. And let no false and foolish pride Your manly heart control. Stand out in honest, bold relief— A worker and a man ; Something of use in thi? great world, After your Maker's plan. And if you keep yourmorals pure. And eultivare your mind. And stand up nobly for the right, Anp live as God designed ; Then, sir, you need not bend the knee To bank stock nor to gold ; For there is wealth of higher worth Thau figures over told. Work is most noble, good and grand, Since God ordained it so ; It keeps the heart from cankering rust And maaes the nation grow. The workers are the nation's wealth. And not the idle drones. Work makes the country prosperous, Makes happy hearts and homes. *Tis good to see the honest face And stalwart, maoly frame. With muscles that Ix-speak of strength. And liauds to match the same — Hands that Inok competent to grasp And grapple with life's foes. And ufiuse the brrren wilderness To blossom as the rose. Ashamed of labor I No, not yon, Since that was God's decree ; For honest and industrious toil Brings glad prosperity. It frames and builds up all the good A nation's life can know — Science, and art, and fame, and wealth. From work and eflfort grow. Spurn indolence, whose weakening grasp Blights manliness and worth ; Be something to yourself and friends ; lie useful to the earth. Make laburnoble in itself By being nobly d«jne, And make fair Nature's heart rejoice To own you as her son. It matters not if hands and brains Are all your stock of wealth. With steady, patient industry, And energy ^nd health. You yet may rise to lofty heights, As others have before, And crown the throne of wealth and fame With one brave victor more. Go Ahead. When your plans of life are clear, Go ahead ; But no faster than your brains. Haste is always in the rear, if l>ame Prudence hold the reins, Go ahead. Do not ask too broad a test — Go ahead. Lagging never clears the right ; When you do your duty best. You will best know what is right — Go ahead. Never doubt a righteous cause. Go Ahead. Throw yourself completely in, Conscience shaping all your laws ; MautuUy, through thick and thin. Go ahead. Do not ask who will go with you. Go ahead. Numbers I Spurn the coward's plea I If there be but one or two- Single. handed though it be. Go ahead. Though before you mountains rise, Go ahead. Scale them ? certainly you can. Let them proudly pierce the skies; What are mountains to a man? Go ahead. Though fierce waters round you dash. Go aheml. Let no hardship baffle you. Though the heavens roar and flash, St 11 undaunted, firm and true. Go ahead. Heed not Mammon's golden bell. Go ahead. Make no compromise with sin. Toll tho serpent he looks well, But you cannot let him in. Go ahead. Better days are drawing nigh. Go ahead. Making duty all your pride. You must prosper, live or die; For all heaven's on jour side. Go ahead. Love and Labor. We die not all, for our deeds remain. To crown with honor or mar with stain. Through endless sequence of years to come Our lives shall speak though our lips are dumb. What though we perish unknown to fame. Our tomb forgotten and lost our name. Since naught is wasted in heaven or earth. And nothing dies to which God gives birth. Though life be joyless and death be cold, And ph^asure pall as the w*irld grows old. Vet God has grunted our hearts relief. For love and labor can conquer grief. Love sheds a light on the gloomy way. And labor hurries the weary day. Though death be fearful and life be hard, Y'et love and labor shall win reward. If love can dry up a single tear. If lifelong labor avail to clear A single web from before the true, Then love and labor havo won their due. What though we mourn, we can comfort pain ; "What if we die, so the truth be plain. A little spark from a high desire Shall kindle others, and grow a fire. We are not worthy to work the whole. We have no strength which may save a soul. Enough for us if our life begin Successful struggle with grief and sin. Labor is mortal and fades away, But love shall triumph iu perfect day; Labor may wither beneath the sod. But love lives forever, for love is God. — [Chambers' Journal The Bachelor's Advice* If determined to marry, why so let It be. But first tarry a moment and listen to me. To save you some trouVile and maybe some strife, Look well to tho woman you choose for a wife. If ugly tho maiden, why let her go to. And frighten some other less timid than you. If fair, then beware lest your house should become The haunt of gallants when you're absent from home. If poor, let her pass, and all wooing give o'er; For discord comes in when the wolf's at the door. If wealthy, avoid her; she'll certainly wear ThoBo garments that pride should forbid you to spare ^ If old. bid the beldame in quiet to go. A man should not marry Iut> mother, you know. If young, have a feor of the tempest and storm. Young hearts are rebellious, young blood is too warm. If short, ponder long ere you make her your bride ; Who stoops to a mate must abandon his pride. If tall, drive her off. if 'tis needed with whips. 'Twould fatigue to much to climb to her lips. If sly. bid her troop to her mother at once. Lest when you have wedded the world call you dunce. If frank, to her outspoken speech give no ear ; She may tell you some truths not so pleasant to hear , But should there be one who is neither of these, Then win her and wed her as soon as you please. But first, at tho bridal a goblet fill up With poison, then drain at one swallow the cup. For thus, and thus only, a man may forego Tho evils fruju marriage that certainly How. A Woman's Answer to a Man's Question- Do you know you have a^ked for the costliest thing Ever molce by the Hand above — For a woman's heart and a woman's life And a woman's wonderful love? Do you know you have asked for this priceloSB thing. As a child might ask for a toy. Demanding what t)therB have died to win With the reckless dash of a boy? You have written my lesson of duty oat. Manlike you have questioned me ; Now stand at the bar of my woman's soul Until I shall question thee. You require your mutton shall always be hot, Y'our socks and your shirts be whole ; I require your heart to be true as God's stars, And jmre as His heaven your soul. You require a cook for your mutton and beef; I require a far better thing. A seJimstn^sB you're wanting for socks and for shirts ; I look for a man and a king. A king for the beautiful realm called home. And a man that the Maker. God, Shall look upon as He did the first, And say, " It is very good." I am young and fair, but the rose will fade From my soft young cheek one day ; Will you love me then, *mid the falling leaves. As you did 'mid the bloom of May? Is your heart an ocean, so strong and deep I may launch my all on its tide? A loving woman finds heaven or hell On the day she is made a brido. I require all things that are grand and true — All things that a man should be. If you give this all. I would stake my life To be what you demand of me. If you cannot bo this, a laundress and cook Y'itu can hire with little pay ; But a woman's heart and a woman's life Are not to be won that way. The Sower. BY ROBEKT MORRIS, LL. D. He that hath ears to hear May listen now. While I shall tell, iu simple words indeed. Of a good husbandman who took hia seed And went to sow. Some by the wayside fell On breezes borne The fowls of heaven flew down— a greedy train— And snatched with ha^ty appetite the grain, Till all was gone. Some fell upon a roctt. And greenly soon They sprouted as for harvest, strong and fair ; But when the summer's sun shone hotly there They wilted down. Some fell among the thorns, A fertile soil ; But ere tho grain could raise its timid head. Luxuriantly the accursed weeds o'erspread And choked them all. But some in the good ground^ God's precious mnuld — Where sun, breeze, dew and dowers apportioned well. And in the harvest smiling swains could tell Their hundred-fold. A farmer's economical daughter in Hassa- cliusetts put off her weddiug-day because eggs were fort\- cents a dozen, and it would take two dozen for the wedding-cakes and pudding. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. SCIENCE OF CULTIVATION. There is one queHtiou that is of cousiderable importauce iu its bearing upon the matter of the best cultivation for our climate, which we would like the opinion of the best philoso- phers and scientists upon in a practical man- ner. We feel decided upon it already in our own mind, but see that others difl'er widely from us. We believe that all questions of science and natural philosophy are as capable of absolute demonstration as are questions iu mathematics. But a wrong comjirebension and interpretation of facts, and a little false reasoning, will terribly warp one's under- standing, even upon questions apparently ea- sily callable of proof conclusive. As differing in the main from us, we copy below something from the Mecord- Union upon " California's climatic phenomena, consid- ered in reference to agriculture :" AGEICULTUKAL EFFECTS. " We have stated that the reason why Cali- fornia suffers less from drought, during her long, dry seasons, than most other countries do if they fail to have rain every few weeks, is traceable to the same cause that produces her cold nights— namely, her dry atmosphere. This proposition at first thought, we know seems impossible ; but it is nevertheless true, and is accounted for upon simple i)hilosophi- cal principles. We will endeavor to explain it. The temperature of the soil partakes of the temperature of the surrounding atmos- phere, and all the heat of the soil comes from the sun through the atmosphere. We have shown that a wet atmosphere retains the heat during the night, while a dry atmos- I)here becomes cool quickly in the absence of the sun. Is it not plain, then, that the loose worked soil, lying under a damp atmosphere, will become heated to a greater depth during a long warm season than it will when equally loose under a dry atmosphere ? and that it will indeed assume much nearer the tempera- ture of the atmosphere itself ? Experience proves this to be true. The loose soil in New York, for instance, at a depth of six inches in the month of August indicates the same, or nearly the same temperature as the atmos- phere above it, while equally loose soil in California shows three or four degrees lower temperature than the atmosphere above it. Now to this fact apply the well-known atmos- pheric phenomena of condensation of mois- ture on a cool surface. Ice-water in an earthen pitcher, on a warm day, even in our dry climate, very quickly causes water to ac- cumulate on the outside of the pitcher from the surrounding atmosphere. So a cool soil, in our hottest days, is constantly condensing and absorbing the moisture from our dry at- mosphere, and with this moisture feeding the roots of plants. Hence, if the soil be loose deep down — and the deeper the better, be- cause the greater the difference in tempera- ture between its lower particlss and the at- mosphere, every particle of that soil presents to the atmosphere a condensing surface, and, like the pitcher, draws from it its moisture. But in the Atlantic States, or any other coun- try where the temperature of the soil becomes equal to that of the atmosphere, there can be no condensation of the soil, and consequently the soil can obtain no moisture from the at- mosphere, except the condensation takes place in the atmosphere itself, and falls upon the soil in the form of rain. Hence, the ab- sence of rain for a few weeks brings destruc- tive drought, though the atmosphere may bo BO moist as to bo absolutely oppressive and scalding to the touch. A great many farnnu-s hold to the theory that the moisture in a loose soil comes from below by cvaporaticm. Hence they stir the surface frequently, as they say, to let the moisture come up. This theory incorrect. If it were true that the moisture I comes from below, then the harder and more compact the surface the more moisture would be kejit in the gi-ound, for the very plain rea- son that it could not escape througli a com- pact and tight surface as readily as through an open one. The truth is that a compact surface on the soil permits evaporation, but does not present the cool surface to induce condensation as does a loose soil. The at- mosphere penetrates a loose soil as deep down as it is loose, and the cool surface it there meets robs it of its moisture, while it cannot penetrate a loose soil to be robbed. A few familiar facts, perhaps, will illustrate the point better than pages of reasoning. Many of our farmers have dug wells in this country iu the di-y summer months, and have thrown out piles of dry soil, and have been surprised to find, in the course of a day or two, that the dry soil so thrown out had become quite moist; even more moist than the natural sur- face upon which it was thrown. How came this about ? Was it by evaporation from the natural surface below up through the new soil thrown out ? This could not be ; for if you dig down ten inches iu the newly exca- vated soil it is as dry as when first thrown out, while perhaps four inches down it is damp enough to germinate seed, and fre- quently does it when seed will not germinate on the natural surface. The fact is, the soil thrown out of the well is cold, and condenses the moisture from the atmosphere." How it is possible for any one to steer so wide from the mark, or to make such false deductions as are indicated in the above ex- tract is wonderful at least. The idea ad- vanced of condensation of moisture from our dry atmosphere by a loose soil is almost too prej^osterous to allow of a moment's consid- eration. This condensation theory, as ap- plied to the soil, is, on general principles, one of the biggest humbugs ever preached; and he who expects to raise a crop from land that depends, for water, upon condensation of moisture from the air will carry his crops away in the corner of his eye, and particu- larly in a di-y climate like ours. Why, the dew point, as indicated by the wet bulb of the thermometer, ranges, in dry weather, from twelve to forty degrees below the temperature of the atmosphere in the shade; and the sur- face soil, exposed to the rays of the sun, gets heated Up, and remains so all through our dry season, several degrees higher than the dew point. Hence, the impossibility of such con- densation. The dryer the air the greater the difference between the dew or condensing point and the temperatitre of the air; and before condensation of moisture can result, the tem- perature of the soil must be really below the dew point several degrees. The idea of our dry soils, lying under the summer suns of our cloudless climate, condensing moisture from the drjang air, reminds us of the saying, "drawing blood from a turnip." The evapo- ration of all free moisture from the soil into the atmosphere is the natural and inevitable result of contact of the air with the soil, su- perstitious theories to the contrary or not. And whether the soil is solid or loose, the process of absorbing moisture from the soil goes on just as fast as the conditions will ad- mit. The true policy of cultivation for re- taining moisture is to leave the surface soil in the best condition to resist the drying action of sun and atmosphere. This is found, by ex. perience, to be a mulching of loose material, such 08 straw, leaves, manure, dry earth, etc. If the soil is compact to the very surface, th moisture as it rises from below, by the laws of capillary attraction and equal distribution, is at once licked up by the drying air that comes in contact with the compact surface. Every farmer has noticed how soon such soil will dry off and crack in a dry, windy day. A mulching over such soil would act as a non- conductor of air and moisture and of heat and cold, as our clothes, when made of soft material, do to protect our bodies. A rapid evaporation of moisture from any surface lowers the temperature of that surface. A condensation of moisture, on the contrary, raises the temperature of the surface. In the Atlantic States in early Summer, when the days are very hot and the air is sur- charged with moisture — the dew point being very high — and the soil is cold from the melted snows and frost of winter, there is more or less condensation of moisture from the air by the soil, which at once tends to cool off the air and warm up the soil. But after the soil once becomes heatea in July and Au- gust, such condensation ceases, even in that moist climate. A mulching to retain the moisture in the soil is as necessary there in midsummer as in California. Moisture does not come from below by "evaporation," as the Record- Union espreses it, but by capillary at- traction; and instead of the farmer "stirring the soil to let the moisture come np," it comes up itself without stirring, and the far- mer stirs the surface to keep the moisture from exi^osure to the air and sun, and to keep it from escaping readily into the air by evap- oration. A stirring of the surface soil makes it loose and dry, but this loose, dry earth acts as a blanket to cover the moist soil beneath and keep it from drying out. Our best orchardists and gardeners find that a light surface cultivation of not over two inches deep, is the best sort of tillage that they can give to retain moisture and se- cure the best growth. What our cotemporary says about earth from wells condensing mois- ture from the air must be a fabrication of the imagination and simply merits a denial. ^kfjj and (fiout ]5» MORE FACTS AND FIGURES ABOUT THE ANGORA GOAT. ^TUSTER and length of staple are the two >j|.t qualities which are required in mohair. nr Mr. Farr, manager of the Holyoke, ^^ Mass., Alpaca company, asserts this — It is the luster which gives this hair its chief value. Goods made from it must look bright and glossy to be valuable. And it must have length to be worked advantageously. The same gentleman asserts that hair ten inches long is worth, per pound, more than twieo as much as hair five inches. Ho also asserts that the principal drawback to the California staple is the shortness. The luster is equal to that of the best Turkish mohair. He con- cludes : If California farmers can grow the stock to average eight or ten inches long, the success of it as a valuable commodity is certain. We .-B.O- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. recently bought a few bales of California mo- hair and paid 85 cents per pound. It was about seven inches long, and had to be mixed with ordinary combing wool to carry it through, which of course detracts a good deai from the brightness of the goods. Had it been two inches longer, it would have been well worth $1 per pound. Messrs. Hall & Turner, of the Jamestown, New York, Alpaca Mills, say that they are re- ceiving some very good sjiecimens of goats' hair from breeders on this Coast, and every year expect to see more of high-grade quality. Mr. C. P. Bailey, of San Jose, who gave us returns of last year's clip from S. Thomp- son, Nephew and Co., New York, which ap- peared in July number, has shown us a letter from Messrs. Hall ,t Turner, containing re- turns of this years clip, 920 pounds nett, which is as follows : 342 lbs long mohair at 75c $256.50 588 " short " ' 23c 135.24 Total 391.74 Freigt on bundle of 1030 lbs 27.50 Not 3G4.24 They complain of shortness of staple in California fleeces. This is owing mainly to the fact that many of the goats shorn are not of high breed. When it is remembered that nearly all the flocks of Angora on this Coast were bred up from common ewe goats with Angora bucks, all within a few years, it will be seen that the remedy is in breeding up as fine as posible, with constant selection of pure bucks with the longest staple. In order to produce a long, clear staple of mohair, the goats should be well supplied with pastm-age the whole season thi-ough. Full feed a part of the time and a few months of short, poor feed will not make a prime staple of mohair, any more than it will of wool. This is a matter of considerable importance. While a goat will keep fat on feed that will barely keep a sheep alive, yet they should be kept in good order the whole year through to grow long, lustrous, strong mohair of first quality. Mr. Bailey has also shown us samples of goods manufactiu'ed from mohair, consisting of mo- hairs, alpacas, poplins, etc., ranging in price from 32 to 82 cents per yard, wholesale. Any one who would examine these would affirm that there must always bo a demand for such goods, and it is the demand that wiU govern the prices to a great degi'ee. The supply cannot for many years lower the prices. Mr. A. W. Butler, writing upon the " Ke- sources of Monterey County," says of the of the Angora goat : The process of breeding a good, wool-bear- ing flock of goats by breeding pure Angora ' bucks to the common ewes of the country, is indeed a slow one, but those who have jjerse- vered are now reaping their reward. Califor- nia has a largo amount of rough mountain land just suitable for' goat-raisiug, and not very valuable for any other purpose. Such pastures cost the breeder very little, and the goats prefer them and keep fatter on these mountain pastures than they do on the more level arable valley lauds. In this county the Santa Lucia and Gabilan mountains contain many thousand acres of Government laud, suited to the grazingof goats. Here the An- gora finds a home very similar to his native home in Angora Bay, Bazare and Constimuni. The progeny of the imported goats raised in this county are generally larger and heavier fleeced than the original imported animals. The work of taking care of the animals is light, as they pick their own living the entire year, and never need feeding. The goat raiser must, however, be at his post during the season for dropping kids, and see that ev- ery one is saved, as this is his harvest, but after this is over he can lie back at his ease, and rejoice at his good fortune in having chosen so desirable an undertaking. In a few years the owner of the flock will become independent, his out-door life will give him the best of health, and should ambition prompt him he will be enabled to enter other fields of useful employment. It is doubtful, however if he ever goes into any enterprise that will give him so much satisfaction as the raising of the Angora goats. As we have spoken of the business so en- thusiastically, perhaps a little history of it in this county might not be out of place. Mr. C. P. Baily came to this county eight years ago with a flock of two hundred half-breed ewes and one iiair of pure-bred goats (a buck and a doe) and located in the foot-hills of the Salinas Valley, He has now one of the larg- est, if not the largest, flock of high-gr.^de goats in America, and last year sold $5,000 from his flock. Thomas Butterfield & Son, and Mr. Landrum, of the firm of Landrum &. llogers, came to this county about the same time that Mr. Bailey came, and havebqth en- gaged quite largely in importing pure breeds and in raising pure breeds and grades. Thomas Butterfield & Son sold, from their flock during the past year over $20,000 worth of stock. Messrs. Landrum & Rogers' sales have been very large, aud they now have a very fine flock. There are, perhaps, a dozen smaller flocks in the county that are doing well. Thus far breeders have realized their main profits from the sale of stock, but here- after they may look for an income from the wool product. Many have been deterred from going into the business on account of the uncertainty of sale for wool on this continent. For the past one hundred years there has been a steady demand and plenty of purchasers in the London and Liverpool markets, and goats' wool or mohair has brought about three times as much as sheep's wool. The production of goats' wool in this country has created a de- maud for it here, and now the Jamestown Mill, N. Y., the Riverside Mill, N. Y., and a mill in Philadelphia are ready to buy and work all the good wool that can be produced ; and they will pay from fifty cents to one dollar per pound for it. An estiiblishment has been started recently at San Jose, to tan, dye and manufacture goat skins into robes, coats, etc., and manufactured skins found ready sale at from two and one-half to ten dollars each. With the present outlook, is not here a large field open, inviting the attention of labor from less favored countries?" The fact of Mr. Bailey selling so many of his high-bred goats accounts for his not shear- ing more high-grade mohair. The short sta- ple not used by the alpaca mills is sent to the carpet factory and used in making the finest carpets, to give gloss to the white portions. The new tannery and coloring establishment in San Jose, above mentioned, is to be greatly enlarged by a stock company lately formed for the purpose. Messrs. Welch & Me- Cracken will still be the head of the manu- tory ; but a stock company representing §50,000 has been formed, composed of some of the leading business men of San Jose, in- corporated as ' ' The Angora Kobe and Glove Company." The design is to enter largely into the business of dressing, tanning and coloring the Angora goat and other skins into robes, mats, furs, gloves, etc. We have spo- ken of this branch of business before, as one Ukely to become a most important industry. There is tio doubt in our mind that the An- gora goat will prove to be one of the most valuable acquisitions to our State. He will draw nourishment from high, rocky hill-tops and waste places, and give a fleece, that for beautiful white may be compared to the water-lily, that draws its life from the mud at the bottom of miu-shy ponds. But while the lily is simply beautiful, the goat is as full of utihty as beauty ; the shining fleece to be woven into fabrics, or used as furs, trimmings, robes, etc., in many ways, and the tanned skins converted into nice gloves, while the meat, which is sweet and wholesome, will furnish food for toiling thousands of people. ' — t Lompoc Temperance Colony, Santa Barbara County. fiw* Ds. AoBicuiiTtTBisT : — I am under prom- Jjt,iso to write you from this place. I have /fwjlong intended to redeem my promise, for ij^the benefit of the many readers of your varied, practical and wide-awake paper, but hitherto I have been very busy. Well, about this much-praised valley. At a distance, I do not doubt, some think it over praised, so much has been said in its favor; but I can simply say, with all my neighbors, that the longer I am here and the more I see of it, the better I like it and the stronger grows my faith in its fertility, its capability of withstanding drought and its future. Had not the soil been so rich and naturally moist, we should have raised nothing, for the Spring had well advanced before most farmers could get to ploughing, not to say planting. This year, too, you remember, the rains ceased very early. Notwithstanding all this you would be astonished to see how vigorous is the growth of corn, beans, potatoes, pump- kins, beets, etc. Experiments with sweet potatoes, flax and tobacco are also very en- couraging. Barley is all harvested, most of it being cut for hay. This, with some hun- dreds of tons of wihl oats and clover hay cut from our splendid grazing valley, will fully supjjly the whole settlement till our abundant grass comes again, which, on this warm, loamy soil, is directly after the first rains. I think we will have enough potatoes, of the very finest quality, both as to size, flavor and freedom from all disease, for home consump- tion and seed for next year ; but there is not likely to be any surplus, as almost every available acre will be planted next season, so encouraging is the result on the comparatively small scale of this year. This is a number one valley for all root crops. Grain will grow well enough; but it is rather a question whether the growtli of wheat would not be so rank in this moist land and climate as to lodge and rust; yet one man has raisetl a ten-acre patch of flue, plump wheat. The foot-hills and mesa land will probably be tried pretty largely, as we are to have a grist mill on our mountain stream — the men to build and work it are right here now. On ranches above us they will sow wheat largely. We have abundance of timber and brush. Farmers are already at work clearing a large California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. area ot land for next season. We have also fine laud for dairy and hog ranches. Of the former we have two in active operation, and a gentleman from Watsonville has lately pur- chased land to the value of $6,000 cash for the latter purpose. As we shall be able to ship to San Francisco direct from our own ■wharf, a large number of hogs will be raised by different parties. Game is abundant — quail, deer, rabbits and some wild duck. So is wild honey of the purest and sweetest quality. A good deal of building is going on, some residences being large, substantial and tasteful. A neighbor of mine has neai"ly completed a brick house of good size. We have excellent lime, two kilns supplying the demand. We have also two brick-yards. We have two good schools, attended by nearly one hundred children. We have also Sunday school and preaching regularly by our resident minister, J. W. Webb, late pastor of the Christian Church at Ukiah, formerly of Gilroy, and by Kev. T. D. Lewis, of the M. E. Church, Santa Maria. You will be glad to learn that the temperance sentiment is sound and strong. Besides an active Lodge of Good Templars, we have an open-air temperance meeting in a lovely grove near town on Sunday afternoons, with musi- cal and literary exercises and speeches. We are about to build a good schoolhouse in town. And by the way, the town is a won- derfully healthy infant for only seven months old. It contains three general and one hard- ware store, a butcher's, a bakery, two harness shops and one printing and newspaper oflfice, the Lumpoc Herald, a live temperance paper, editor, W. W. Bronghtou, one of the stirring men of the times, to whom, as much as to any man, this colony owes its existence and prosperity. We have a lirst-elass hotel, well- conducted and thoroughly temperance, two lively stables, a drug- store, post office, boot makers, largo boarding-house, dress-makers, laundry. Justice of the I'eace, Notary Public, a good lawyer — A. E. Heacock, late County Judge of Santa Cruz county — etc., etc. I en- close an article with resolutions passed at our first open temperance meeting. The Grange also passed a strong and plain resolution fav- oring temperance and the keeping out of sa- loons. Families are coming in all the time, and many others are writing with a view to cominc. Now is the time for intending inir- chasers, settlers or renters to come to be in good time for cropping, which, in this south- ern part of the State, is very early. You can plow most of this valley almost any time of the year, and rain is no hindrance except when actually falling heavily. The Company desire only good, sober, energetic men. No one should come without some outfit or means to get it, and at least some capital — a little ready cash is so handy everywhere — although the Company gives ten years in which to pay uj). Hoping this will not be too long, I re- main truly yours. J. P. Boss. P. S. I should add that while other places are complaining so of the heat, we are having the most pleasant summer possible, a cooi breeze fanning us a part of every day anrt most refreshing nights. Again I ^o-open my letter to say that last night the ladies a noble band—and gentle- men of Lompoc valley for five miles round, some hundred strong, visited the drug store, convinced that the stock of alcohol was too great for the medicinal need of a healthy temperance colony, and that it was being too freely dispensed for the morals of the com- munity. The liquor was aliout all poured out before the jiarty left. Every store was then visited but no liquor found. Each proprietor freely prom-sed nut to keep oven ' bittoi's. Liquor in the Temperance Colony. From a private letter from the above corres- pondent we take the liberty of piiblishing be- low what he says about a raid of the women on a graduated liquor shop called a drug store. By the way, similar troubles have oc- curred in Greeley, Colorado, in that temper- ance colony. It seems that the sale and use of alcohol as medicine is the loophole where the "devil" can generally crawl in unmo- lested. When all temperance people learn to discard alcohol as a medicine, and cease te employ physicians who dare recommend or prescribe the abomination, a healthier condi- tion of affairs will exist : Lompoc has experienced a commotion. You may have read notices of out-door tem- perance meetings in the liecord. An old wheel-horse in the temperance cause might readily imagine that there was some secret cause for these meetings. It had been whispered about that our drug- gist{a physician) was taking advantage of our by-law prohibiting the sale of intoxicat- ing beverages, excepting upon the written pre- scription of some physician. He could and had, it was said, prescribed "whiskey straight." So much for that. Many persons attended these meetings and voted to discoun- tenance the sale of liquor and uphold tem- perance principles generally. Saturday last " forbearance ceased to bo a virtue," the fol- lowing facts, as near as I could learn, being the cause. Mr. and Mrs. Swanton, of the " Swanton House, " Pescadero, have an only son who has contracted the habit and appe- tite for strong drink to such a degree that he had no longer any control over himself. His parents, thinking to place him beyond temp- tation, sent him and his young wife to Lom- poc and set him up in business ; but he found means, even here, of indulging his insane ap- petite. This brought trouble to his wife, who had previously left him on account of his habit, and only consented to return when she saw a chance to Uve with him in Lompoc free from temptation — a miscarriage, spasms and alarming symptoms generally ; but through kind and skillful treatment she had so far re- covered as to be free from spasms. During this lull she told her physician that her great suffering was caused by her husband's con- duct ; that her pains were nothing in compar- ison with that. She had prayed the Great Father to remove her. The doctor went out to talk to the husband, found him intoxicated, after the talk they both returned to the sick- room, and as soon as Mrs. Swanton saw the condition of her husband she screamed, went into a spasm and ilied. The body of this innocent victim of the curse of intemperance was buried Sunday. and on Monday the noble women of Lompoc rose up in might, backed by the men, and waited upon our dnir/fjist. They first called upon the I'resident and officers of the Coiu- )iauy, who headed the crowd and requested the druggist to stop the sale of alcoholic drinks. The druggist refused. The Presi- dent, Judge Heacock, being a peace-officer, retired, aud the women took the matter in hand and proceeded to turn out all the licpior they could find. They rolled out a baiTel of whiskey and knocked the head in. Demi- johus were turned upside down, bottles passed out to the crowd and brokcai, ami soon the lloor was swimming with the vile stuff. From the drug-store they went to all the grocery stores and requested the proprietors to de- sist from selling all liquors, including all pat- ent bitters in vogue. Every storekeei)er prom- ised, aud the ladies then paid their respects to an Itahan, a former resideut of San Jose, Mr. Moleuaiy, who keeps quite a quantity of California wine. His place is one mile from town. He also made satisfactory promises, and the crowd dispersed. Yours, J. P. Ross. I think more of Lompoc than ever. m ♦ ^ A Tip-top Letter from the Santa Cruz Mouetains. Eds. Caiifoenia Agkiculhtbitt and Lite Stock Joubnal: We are now reaping the pe- cuniary benefits of one of the most favored fruit-growing localities of favored Califor- nia. We have not only an abundant crop, but a ready market at highly remunerative prices, with little to pay for freight or com- missions to middle men. I said one of the most favored — perhaps I might truly say the most favored. For twenty years we have seen no failure in good crops of apples, peaches, plums, grapes and goosebenies, and but one failure of cherries. This year, when failure is so common, we can add to our list apricots, almonds and currants. The late rain is doing wonders for our last Spring's planting of plums and prunes. I have never seen a finer growth. From long experience, we are making the growing of table grapes, plums, prunes, peaches and late-keeping ap- ples a specialty. To these I have added the breeding of the Angora goat to utilize my brush and tiudier land. They are thriving finely, with but little care except in kidding time. Our climate as a place of residence is well attested by the number of persons from your valley and other parts who seek to get a sniff' at it during the Summer. I fear your report of the doings of the Ag- ricultural Society will arouse as much of a hornet's nest as did your attack on the whis key ring. L. J. Bdekell. Mountain Home, August 15th, 1875. ^ »■ tm I A Pekmanent Whitewash. — Take half a bushel of unslaked lime. Slake it with boil- ing water, covering it during the process to keep in the steam. Strain the liquid through a fine seive and add to it a peck of salt previ- ously well dissolved in warm water, three pounds of ground rice boiled to a thin paste, and stir in when bolUng hot half a pound of powdered Spanish whiting and a pound of clean glue which had been previously dis- solved; add five gallons of hot water to the mixture, stir it well and let it stand a few days covered from the dirt. It should be put on hot. Whitewash fob Indoobs. — The following recipe for indoor whitewash has been thor- oughly tried and said to answer the purpose better than anything else yet tried. The quantities are for a house of eight rooms, aud we get it from an old number of the Ainerioan Aqrwullarlst: "About 33 lbs. Paris white and one lb. best white glue are needed. Dissolve the glue in hot water. ,\lso make a thick wash with Paris white aud hot water, and add the dissolved glue and sufficient water to make the wash of the proper consistency. As the mass stitt'ens over night, warm or add hot water to make it linqiid. The Paris white is chalk cleansed from its impurities, and is only a very pure whiting — better than is ordinarily used for making putly. We use the Cooper glue, which is (^onsiilere will answer. It costs here 50 cents per pound at retail, aud the Paris white three cents ]ier pound. Both ar- ticles can be obtained in almost every city or village." The above makes an excellent whitewash, clean aud white and not easily rubbed off'. Its first cost is more than lime wash, but it is durable and for nice rooms it is far prefero- Vle. California Agriculturist akd Live Stock Journal, The Perplexed Housekeeper. s — S, WISH I had a dozeu pairs Of iKtnilH thiB vory minute : I'd Hoou put all these things to rightB — Th(j very deuce is io it. Here's a biy washing Jo be done. One pair of liands to do it, Sheets, sliirts and stocliings, coats and pantB, How will I e'er get through it? Dinner to get for six or more, No loHf left o'er from Sunday, And baby cross as be can live, He's always so on Monday. And there's the cream — 'tis getting sour And muht forthwith be churning; And here's Bob wants a button on — Which way shall I be turning 1 *Ti6 time the meat was in the pot. The bread was worked for baking. The clothes were taken from the boil — Ob, dearl the baby's waking. Hush, baby dear! there, husb-sh-shi I wish he'd sleep a little, Till I could run and get some wood To hurry up that kettle. Oh, dear! if P comes home And finds things in this pother. He'll just begin and tell me all About his sainted mother. How nice her kitchen used to be. Her dinner always ready Exactly when the noon-bell rang^ Hiuih, hush, dear little Freddy I And then will come some liasty word, Right out before I'm thinking ; They say that hasty words from wives Set sober men to drinking. Now, isn't that a great idea. That men shuuld take to sinning Because a weary, half-sick wife Can't always smile so winning? When I was young I used to earn • My living without trouble, Hart clotiii s and pocket-money, too, And leisure hours double. I never dreamed of such a fate, When I, A LASS! was courted— Wife, mother, nurse, seanjstress, cook housekeeper, chaiuIxTmaid, laundress, dairy-woman and scrub generaliv, doing the work of six. For the sake of being supported! Chats With Farmers' Wives and Daughters — No. 9. BY ' ' JEWELL, ' ' "Dear 'Jewell:' A reader and admirer of your ' Chats ' asks the privilege of saj'ing to you that her eyes filled with tears of grati- itnde on reading your article in the August . number of the Agkicultueist, telling hus- bands that their faithful, toiling wives de- serve praise as much as their fine grain-cut- ters; and oh! how much more they nf erf the cheering words. Being an old maid does not make me ignorant of the fact, that many a weary woman, with finest instincts alive to wifely duty, and heart filled with warm moth- er love and anxious care, drags her he^vy footsteps from year to year without one-fourth the pecuniary rewaid that would be given to Bridget, and with not one-tenth the loving words and affectionate caresses that would be ■voluntarily bestowed on the trotter that had won for his owner a purse of gold on the race-course. Just at my elbow sits a wife and mother who says she hopes your appeal will catch tlie at- tention of her husband, who never seems to think his wife is dishonestly treated, if after a hard day's work she has not one penny re- ward or even one kindly word given her; and if the hungry, waiting heart forces the lips to ' say, 'have I not done well to-day? and if bo, why do you not, at least, stroke my head in praising, as you would not forget or neglect to do to your pointer if he had brought you a bit of game?' he replies loftily, 'oh, your reward ought to be the consciousness that you have done your duty!' and no doubt he congratulates himself that ho has done his duty when ho has given her this juece of wonderful information. And this woman is loving and lovable, and could fill her home with blessing and sunshine; but years of ceaseless household cares, with never a day for rest or recreation, never a loving word or approving smile to strengthen her tired sjiirits have well-nigh robbed her of all ambition to be anything more than an unpaid servant. I know half a score of good women right in the block where I live, all wearing this same tired, disapi)ointed look, who would be bright happy wives only for this selfishness on the part of their husbands. Men may consider these little attentions trifles, but with the ma- jority of married women they make up the sum of life, for no good woman's heart, after she becomes a wife, can ever again go out into the world for the thousand little satisfy- ing things which she considered so necessary for her happiness when she was a maiden. If she finds them not in her own little world at home, then she must go hungry, for she has chosen this one man from all the world." Esmeralda. I have taKen the liberty of using "Esmer- alda's " letter as a text to my chats this month, although it may have been written to me privately, feeling the truth of what she says about a husband's thoughtlessness in regard to sliowing due appreciation of his wife. It is perhaps natural to both husband and wife to neglect those little attentions that make the honeymoon so charming, when real life has come upon them with its manifold duties and perplexities, but let us wives be sure that it is not our fault, by losing no op- portunity of giving a kind word or a caress; even if there be no responses, it will keep alive that spark which dies without a little fanning, and is as pleasant to the husband as the wife. Let me draw a picture I once saw when on a visit to a friend: A wife, with un- kempt hair, no collar, slipshod slippers and in a hurry getting breakfast, children to dress, buttons off husband's shirt and things going wrong generally, breakfast late, toast burned, coffee muddy, etc., husband hurries ofl' with- out a parting salute to any one, even the crowing baby is forgotten. And no wonder — an important appointment was broken and his business suffered in consequence of being forty minutes behind time. And yet that wife told me, in confidence and tears, that her husband neglected her, and she felt that his love was colder than of ypre — saying, " how leng would it take him, I'd like to know, to kiss us good-V)ys ?" I felt and told her, that kisses must be spontaneous to be worth much and not forced from a sense of duty ; and who could feel like caressing when in a hurry, with mind harassed and temper ruffled, with surely not so attractive an object to call it forth as she used to be during the first months of married life, when fewer du- ties devolved upon her, no babies to disturb at night or hurry her in the morning, and, with hair and temper unruiiled she bid her new husband goodbye with a smile and he with a kiss. Oh, wives! let us try and keep the love of our husbands and blame our- selves if it grows cold ; for as our duties multiply and call our utmost capacity and energy into play, do we not neglect much that would elevate and give pleasure to hus- bands who also have a " hard road to travel," many of them, and as expenses double, so do their cares also. To bear and forbear is the true way to live harmoniously and truly happy. And one word of advice — try always to keep the respect of our husbands and the love wiU follow; which is equally applicable to husbands. I hope to hear from the other sex on this subject, and as it is one of vital importance, the views of both sexes should bo brought out to show how best to make married life a " success," as so many predict it a failure in this age. PLUM LEATHEB. Although this season does not promise much waste fruit, still those on fruit farms often have more of a kind than they can well attend to. If plums, I would let them make piimi leather of the pulp, which is very convenient for pies or sauce in winter. Wash the fruit and put in a large pan on the stove until heated through, or if very ripe and soft mash through a colander, and spread on clean boards to dry in the sun, covering with netting to keep off the flies and insects J Two days wiU dry it, when, with a knife to lift up the edges, you can roll it up and put in paper bags to keep flios out. To use it, wash and soak in water a few minutes only and it is ready. Made of peaches it is excel- lent; of pliuns is very good but sour. COOLING DKLNES. This is the season when cooling drinks are very acceptable. To my mind there is nothing equal to citric acid, which can be kept dis- solved, and with sugar and a Little oil of lemou you would find a cheap and easily-made lem- onade, always ready and palatable. Citric acid being the acid of lemons, it is equally healthful in fevers and bilious comi)laints. Of late the drug doctors prescribe it in rheu- m.itism. Here are some recipes from my choice selec- tion: HOW TO MAKE AN INDIAN APPLE PUDDING. Turn three pints of scalding milk into a pint of sifted Indian meal ; stir in two large spoonfuls of sugar, two teasjiooufuls of cin- namon or ginger, a teaspoonful of salt, one teaspoonful of soda and one dozen sweet ap- ples, pared cored .-ind sliced thin. Bake three hours. The apples will form a nice, sweet jelly. To be eaten with nice syrup of any kind, or is good without any addition. TO PREVENT LAMP CHIMNEYS FROM CRACKING. Put the chimneys in a kettle of cold water and heat gradually until the water boils, and let it cool as gradually. As the heat from the lamp flame becomes more or less intense, the chimneys will expand and contract without causing them to break or crack. TO KEMOVe MILDEW. The following from an English journal will often prove effectual : Make a very weak so- lution of chloride of lime in water (about a heaped-up teaspoonful to a quart of water), California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. strain it carefully aud dip the spot on the giumeut iutu it, and if the mildew does not disappear immediately, lay it in the nun for a few minutes or dip it again into the lime- water. The worli is eflectually and speedily done and the chloride of lime neither rots the cloth nor removes the delicate colors when BUlHeieutly diluted aud the articles rinBed af- terwards in clear water. I clip the following from the Country Gen- tlemam, aud know them good: CANNING TOMATOKS. Skin them carefully by pouring boiling water over them ; boil twenty minutes in a porcelain kettle, then take out all the water that stands on the top (or if preferred thin only draiu oti' a little of it). Have the jars heated by rolling them in boiling water ; till to overUowiug with the boiling tomatoes aud seal quickly. I use Mason's jars with glass lids aud think them preferable to those with metal toi^B on account of the acid in the to- matoes. Mine last season were pronounced a perfect success. 'Keep in a dry, cool cellar, This receipt is for glass cans; if tin, the wet towel may of course be omitted: Select nice large fruit, pare carefully without scald- ing, cut away all defective parts and place in a jjreserving kettle over a hot fire. Have the cans thoroughly cleansed and rinsed, and as soon as the tomatoes come to a boil place a towel slightly wrung 'from cold water on a tin plate on the stove hearth; set a can on the towel and till with the hot tomatoes, being careful to keep the fruit as whole as possible. Press the fruit iuto the can, and when fuU put in hot juice till it will hold no more. Seal, wipe ofl' the can and set it aside. When all the cans are cold put them in a cool, dark place. Ours are kept in the pantry. ArrLK DUMPLINGS. Procure good sour apples, pare and core, leaving them in halves, tiet all your ingre- dients— sugar, soda,, sour milk, cream, salt. Hour aud apples. Now make dough as for soda biscuit, only adding a little more cream to make it shorter. Take a bit of dough out on the kneading board, aud after kneading roll this as for pie crust. Then cut in pieces long enough to cove an apple, allowing for lapping the eeges. Put in two of your ajjple halves, sweeten according to taste and cover apiile and sugar with dough. Lay the dump- lings in youi' bread pan the smooth side up, tirst having your pan well-buttered. Pro- ceed iu this manner until you get your pan well tilled (bo sure it is a large-sized pan for they will go oil' like hot cakes), then jjlace a small bit of butter on the top of each dump- ling, sprinkle a haudlul of sugar over all, then place in a moderate even and allow them to bake oue hour. Serve, not too hot, with pudiUug sauce or with cream and sugar. kneading as often as the sponge becomes per- fectly light. When ready to mould it into rolls I knead in a little white sugar to coun- teract any acidity that might have been formed by the long standing and a little butter for Bhorteniug. CASE OF CARPETS. "Nell Van" gives a suggestion for making car- pets last longer than they usually do. I think sweeping wears out cari^cts faster than walldng upon them does, unless, indeed, one has a house full of romping boys. Sweeping is hard work anyhow, and I do no more of it than is necessary. I have found that one way to save a great deal of labor in this di- rection is to have a SCEAP-BOX. Mine is a square tea-box such as can be pro- cured at any grocery store. This box I keep under my sewing-table, and it catches all the scraps, threads and the like that would fall on the floor. It is convenient to place by the sowiug-machiue when you are at work there. I notice that "Jewell " is allowed to ram- ble in her letters, so perhaps, Mr. Editor, you will allow me to do the same, aud tell you that the extract from the liural New Yorker, concerning the 0SE OF SULPHUR as a remedy for and preventive of vermin on chickens, has made one corner of my brain feel shghtly muddled. I have tried it in ev- ery way that has been recommeded without the least sign of success. Not only this, but I have tried everything that I could hear of. Have had the whole place smoked, washed, whitewashed, and have had the chickens, lit- tle and big, greased; but in spite of every- thing the vermin is there and seems deter- mined to stay. Can any one tell me what is the matter, and how I shall get rid of the pest? Familiar Talks — No. 3. I think ".Jewell " is doing very well with her bread-making. I made bread every week for more than a year before I could feel sure that when the batter was mixed it would turn out good, sweet loaves. Of course every one oU'ereil a receipt and advice, but in this, as in everything else, experience is the best teacher. Wo aro very fond of LIGHT-BREAD ROLLS or biscuits, as they are sometimes called. Following is the manner iu which I make them always, and we think they aro delicious: I mix the batter as for bread (if I wish to bake bread the same day I take a piece of the sponge) about seven o'clock in the morning. 15y ten it is ready to knead out. I roiioat this Why He Wants the Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Elder J. W. Webb, of Lompoc writes as follows : Stray copies of your journal have come into my house, and I wish it sent to my ad- dress regularly for three good seasons, viz : 1. I tike it for its information — it is worth the money. a. I see even my little girls "go for It, " and it has a wholesome ring about it that will do them good. 3. It is not afraid to speak for temperance, that so- much-needed reform ; and as a man, a father, a minister, a teacher and a granger, I feel bound to support just such a paper. Dear Uncle Ben: — I heard you want to have us write to you. I am a little girl seven years old, going on eight. I live in the coun- try. Genie and I hunt eggs now. One day we got five dozen. We found a nest with six kittens in it, so fat and sweet. I helji wash dishes and wipe them and I braided a mat. I read in the Second Header. I hove a kitchen and a little stove, a small set of dishes aud a little towel. I have a big Hag and so has my brother Freddy. It is taller than my- self aud nearly twice as big as Freddy. Georgie Jewell. The simplest and best paint to prevent buried wood from decaying is made of boiled linseed oil and coal tar, into which charcoal is stirred until the whole is of proper con- sistency. Apply with an ordinary paint- brush. §01)0 ami ©ivto- Minnie Tries to be a Lady. A TRUE STOTY BY NELL VAN. mamma's hat and POLONAISE. g4^ INNIE'S mamma had been out to yvfr ride in the Park with old Mrs. Le % il Brun, and when she came home she &^M\ found a friend in the parlor awaiting Y^§^ lief return. Lajing aside her hat and walking suit, she went in to her guest, while little Minnie, who had been feeling very un- happy at being left at home, resolved in her mind that she, too, would go pleasuring. " Little girls love to go riding as well as big ladies," .said she ; "and I mean to go fo Woodvi'ard's Garden and see the monkeys and walk among the trees and have a good time. Mamma has left her things on the bed, and I think I'll look just like a lady with them on, so that I can go just as well alone as with somebody." She put mamma's polonaise on over her own, and it was not long enough to quite di-ag on the floor ; then she put on the hat and feathers and surveyed herself iu the glass. "Oh, how fine I do look! now I'll do ; but first I'll scent myself with her perfume. Mamma always puts it on her face and hands to make her smell nice when she goes out." She was soon ready ; then slipping out the front door she stopped a street car going to Woodward's Garden and was soon whirling along past the city houses. There were sev- eral ladies and two men in the car. They wondered at the querr little figure who stepped in so daintily aud seated herself so demurely, but it was not till they reached Woodwards that it was known that the child had no mon- ey, for the lady who sat next her had paid her fare to the conductor and had been more amused than th(! rest at Miss Minnie's affect- ed ways. Thinking, however, that the child must have some friend in the vicinity cf the garden whom she had been allowed to go to visit, she asked her no questions. When the cars stopped out stepped Minnie, and mincing up to the entrance she attempted to pass in, when she felt herself roughly handled by a man with a big star on his coat front. "Here, my little miss, where are you going? Where's your nurse ? Don't you know 'uT'viyg^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, you cannot come in here alone without mon- ey ?" Alas ! Minnie had forgotten, or was too young to understaud, that money is power, and is more necessary to make one's way through the world than anything else. She was asked where her home was and led to the returning car and sent back to town. Heart-broken and almost crying aloud, the little girl sadly took her seat and forgot all about her fine clothes in her disappoint- ment at not being allowed admittance into her favorite resort. Woodward's Gardens. The car soon passed the corner where Minnie lived, and the kind condnctor let her out and smiled at the child's frankness in acknowledging that she had no money or car ticket. She stepped down and sheepishly slipped into the house by the side gate. She found the house in an uproar because Minnie was gone, and when mamma espied the little iigure entering the dining-room decked out in borrowed finery, in spite of her anxiety and annoyance, she threw herself backwards upon the lounge and clasping her hands laughed outright. Minnie stood on the threshold looking from her mamma to nurse and then to the cook, and never ventured to smile. Then, turning on her heel, she lied upstairs, muttering to henself, "cheated out of it this time, but the first chance I get I'm going again, but I'll take her pvirse next time and then nobody'U know that I aint a lady; so there!" Letters From the Young Folks. Dear Uncle Ben: — Are you truly Uncle Ben to all the boys and girls whoso fathers and mothers take the Aqbiculturist? but you can't be Uncle Ben to everybody, I guess, for Johnny, a boy I know, says his Uncle Ned is not uncle to anybody but him. I would not be so mean if I was he, would you? And what for do you ask us children to write you a letter ? is it because you like children? Haven't you got any of your own? If you had I guess you would not care for any one else's to bother you. . I cannot write very good but mamma says I'm a master hand at asking questions, and tire her out. How can I help it, I should like to know. If folks didn't ask questions how could they ever know things that don't come in books. I should never know anything, I do believe, for I do not love to read very much. I sup- pose that is because I always have to stop and spell the big words, and that makes me forget what it was all about. I don't know how to write letters to anybody; but once our girl got sister to write a letter to her mother in Ireland and told her just what to say, and it began this way — "I now take my pen in hand to write to you," I thought that a funny way to begin. Of course a body knows that a letter written in ink must be written with a pen in the hand. But I forgot what I was going to tell you when I commenced this letter. First, I want to tell you about a little girl I know named Fanny, who has a little brother Jim. One day they went out somewhere with their papa and saw a little tiny man who was just like a small boy cU'essed up in little men's clothes. When Fanny came home she told her mother about him like this: "And he had a little coat and vest, and a little watch and chain, and he had a little cane and a little stove-pipe hat, and little boots and a little great coat, and a cigar in his mouth. He was suck a funny little man!" Then Jimmy came up and said, " and he had a itty toat, and he had itty pants, and he had itty boots on his feet, and he had a itty tane, and he had a itty hat on lop of his head, and a shrc-pipc iti. Iiis niuuf; such a funny itty man. Mammal" How everybody laughed! I mean to get Fanny to write to you some day, and tell you about her littlo brother who makes us laugh so much. I wonder if you are tall and slim, with black beard like a shoebrush under your nose. Maybe you are like Grandpa, without any hair on your head or face except behind your ears. I wish I could see you, for I do believe you are real jolly and laugh all over when you hear anything funny. I lilce jolly folks who don't be cross to children. I often won- der if some folks ever were little boys and girls, they are so cross to little folks now. But there's the dinner-bell so I miist run. Pa says we must never be late to dinner, so good- bye. From your niece you've never seen, Gekty W. Dear Uncle Ben: — I thought I would write you a few lines about my home in Santa Maria Valley and what we are doing. At pres- ent I am out on vacation. I stay at home and mother, and I run the ranch whie father is off with his thresher. It would make you laugh to see me get on the old mule to drive in the cows. We milk eleven night and morning. But the funniest part of all is to see me shoot gophers. The first time I ever shot ofl' a gun I saw an old gopher right in the middle of my flpwer-gar- den. I went to the house and got the gun and got all ready to shoot, when I thought it might kick me over like it did father once ; but then I did not care much, so I shut both my eyes, commenced to shake, pulled the trigger and shot the gopher. That gave me courage to " try, try again," and I can shoot them every time now. We have a few horses, cows, sheep and hogs which are all pets. AVhen we go in the field where they are they all come to us to be petted. Sometimes wo will take no no- tice of them just to see the fun. Then the horses will commence to pull oxir clothes, the cows will rub around and the sheep pull at our fingers, and they will keep it up till we pet them. We have a nice school-house down here, and have good times when we go to school. We have a paper in school. It is called the Youth's Assistance and all the scholars write for it. And now, Uncle Ben, you must please ex- cuse bad writing, for although I am fourteen I have not had the advantages of school that city girls have had, and I know I am a very poor writer. If Jewell had not had so many receipts for making bread I should have sent her one, for I can make good bread. Next month I hope my letter will be more interesting, for I wlU have more time. Ella. Dear Uncle Bcn:^l heard the folks say you would like little boys and girls to send you letters to put in print in the Agkicultce- IST. I have to herd the cattle in the field. We have fourteen cattle and I have got a Ut- ile saddle to ride with. I know two girls that are afraid of a hen, but I am not a coward. I can ride on horsebrck. We have got a little kitten that climbs up on our clothes. I have got a little writing-desk, and I am in the little spelling-class. I have a little looking-glass, too. At school I study pretty hard and never play. I have a tin water-cart and I play with the greyhound. We have a barn full of hay and the hens lay eggs in it. Goodbye. E0OENE WOODHAMS. The Leading Breeds of Cattle. BEEF BEEED3 THE SHOBT-HOENS. ^T is unnecesary to give any detailed ac- count of the origin and history of these celebrated cattle. Wherever beef is con- sumed— and where is it not? — they have played an important part in supplying the wants of man. They are known from one end of the country to the other as the Koyal Family among cattle; and no breed dares dispute with them their merited posi- tion at the head of the list. The Short-horn has been termed the rich man's breed; and at present prices the "fancy" of his kind could hardly become the property of a poor man without bankrupting him. There is a mania just now for Dukes and Duchesses, and mat- ter-of-fact farmers are disposed to discover something fishy about the immense prices realized, at recent sales for members of this family. There is no reason, however, why we should mark a man a fool because, for reasons best known to himself, he chooses to invest a largo sum of money in a small amouut of beef. He may have Ughts before him which have not shone upon us; and although we may not choose to go and do likewise, we have no special interest in the matter, and can act upon our own instincts. We cannot indulge ourselves in such expensive luxuries as Duch- esses and Dukes; but we can, .at a small out- lay, replace every scrub bull that ranges the prairies with a well-bred yearling or two-year- old Short-horn. That will commence the era of reform from the time he steps among the herd. The natural home of the Short-horn is on the rich grass lands of the West. Here he thrives amazingly. At two years old he has so waxed in strength and fatness that he is prepared for the shambles, when the scrub- stock of the country is lingering between beef and veal. That is what we want— apti- tude to carry flesh and early maturity. With- out these no man can raise beef at a profit. The modern Short-horn is not a milker, al- though descended from the most noted dairy cows of the last century, Breeeraturo was GO". During the whole trial the tem- peratiire ranged as follows: In the pool, from 58° to 00°; in the milk room, from 50° to 08°. Great care was taken to pre- serve the uniform temperature during the whole tri.il, admitting cool air at night and excluding the warm air diiring the day, which necessary feature is under complete control. The milk in both cans and pans stood 48 hours, when it was .skimmed. The cream raised one inch in depth in the deep cans. The amount of cream obtained from the deep cans was 40 pounds; from the shallow pans 57 pounds. The last skimming was done on Tues(hiy evening, August 18th, when the cream was placed in a cooling cupboard and the temperature lowered to 54°. The churning was done Wednesday, August lOtb. The 40 pounds of cream obtained from the deep c^ns was churned first- butter came in 30 minutes, and yielded 15 pounds 10 ounces. The cream from the shallow pans (.57 fts) was churned immediately afterwards— butter came in 50 minutes, and yielded 21 pounds 0 ounces. The result of this experiment, which was conducted as fairly as possible indicates a gain of 5 '4 pounds in favor of the shallow pans, or over 25 per cent. The milk used in this trial was the pro- duct of three thorough bred Jersey, two Guernsey, and three grade cows, and av- eraging over 5 pounds per cow, if all the butter bad been obtained from all the milk. The difference in time of churn- ing is attributable to the churn being overloaded with the cream from the shal- low pans. The butter from the deep cans was pronounced by some to be a trifle the best, although both would rank as strictly first-class. The dairy-house, in which the experiment was conducted, has been so fully described that nothing more is necessary in that j)artioular. It is es- pecially adapted for convenience and the making of gilt-edge butter, being both cool and dry. The floor had been washed on the morning of the lUtb, and was per- fectly dry by 11 o'clock. The cooling cupboard under the ice-box is provided with slate shelves, on which the butter is pluced to harden before being sent to market. The pool, before mentioned, is a very suitable place to keep the cream before churning, as it should be kept at a lower temperature than the milk. It is not built so much under ground as to make it tiresome in carrying the milk in cr out of it; in fact, we, after giving it a critical examination, are unable to tell how it could be improved. WATEniNG IMlLK TO GeT THE CbEAM.— It is well known that milk sot in the us- ual way, althougli it throws up a good perceutago o£ cream, does not yield up all the fat in the milk, because the skimmed milk, on being subjected to analysis, is found to contain a small percentage of butter, notwithstanding it had on being set thrown up the cream very perfectly. Experiments that have been made in add- ing water to the milk to facilitate the ris- ing of the cream, have shown that more cream is obtained. Thus a sjiecimen of milk was divided into two portions. One portion was set for cream, and seven hours yielded 7 per cent, of cream. The other portion was mixed with an equal volume of water and the diluted milk set for cream. The diluted milk in seven houi-s gave 5 per cent, of cream, or 1% per cent, more cream than it should have yielded if watering made no difi'erence. it may not be advisable, however, to use the water in this way on all occasions for getting up the cream, since water added to milk hastens the acidity of the Hiiuid, which in warm weather should be guard- ed against. — Rural New Yorker. Mistaken PoiiiCT. — Many farmers en- tertain the opinion that a cow gives the largest yield of milk when she is j^oor in flesh, in low condition, and this we sup- pose explains the reason why wo see so many wretched, poor and half starved cows coming out of the barns of this country every spring. But a more care- ful observation of the points connected with the condition of the cow will inva- riably show that this cannot possibly be the case; that if the condition is low, the system emaciated, the yield of milk is of necessity comparatively small, that is, small to what any particular cow would be capable of yielding on the same food were she in better condition; and if the yield is large in qantity it will be poor in quality, because much of the food which should go to yield milk will necessarily be drawn by the animal to maintain its bodily condition. This point has too of- ten been overlooked in considering the true economy of dairy management. — Mass. Ploughman. — m-^-^ The Nero England Farmer says: The milk of some cows, yielding a large quan- tity of milk and but little cream, will ac- tually prevent the cream from rising on the milk of cows which is rich in cream! This we learned from long, actual expe- rience, and from repeated vexatious losses which occurred before we did learn it. Anomalies. — Paper can be manufac- tured from iron. If a tallow candle be placed in a gun and shot through a door, it will go through without sustaining in- -nry; and if a musket ball be fired into. water, it will not only rebound, but be flattened; if fired through a pane of glass it will make a hole the size of the ball without cracking the glass; if suspended by a thread it will make no difi'erence, and the thread will not even vibrate. Cork if sunk to the depth of two hundred feet in the ocean will not raise on account of the pressure of the water. In the Arctic re- gions when the thermometer is below zero, persons can converse more than a mile apart. Dr. Jamison asserts that he heard every word of a sermon at the dis- tance of two miles. No farmer is excusable who makes his field work a reason for not attending to the vegetable garden. A good supply of vegetables in their season is worth much in money and health. "S\' hen love fails, we spy all faults. -^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. mu cS' J5^ More System Wanted Horses. In Breeding N our last number no less than three cor- resiJoucleuts suggest that our breeder are overlooking form anil action and running to mere size. By one of these intelligent observers it is insisted that, oven in draft horses, it is not profitable to make everything Bub-iervient to mere weight. The English agricultural horse, so called, is usually the large black eart horse, weighing 1,500 to l,yO0 pounds, and sometimes even more. The Clydesdale is nearly as heavy, with a litlle more style and action. These hoi'ses, or the heavy Nornious, have never been classed as agricultural horses with us. American farmers cannot use horses that are too heavy to make six or eight miles au hour on the road. Why then, it may be asked, are the heavy- draft horses of the three varieties above men- tioned so generally patronized by our far- mers? There are two reasons for it. First, and most important, is the undeniable fact that in many parts of the country the half-bred draft stock sells for more money, and may be brought to market at an earlier age, than any other strain the farmer can breed. They will sell at three to four years old at from $200 to $300, while a good, well-made and well-bred road or saddle horse will hardly make igl.50, unless he have something to indicate extra speed. It is probable the draft stock eat more, the amount consumed by all animals being gener- ally in proportion to their size. But they are less liable to accidents than horses of better blood, more easily handled and are fit for market without being broken at all. We may therefore philosophize as we please — point out the excellence of well-bred stock for the saddle and the road, and even for gen- eral purposes — the fact remains that the heavy sort will make the most money for the farmer when he puts them upon th^ market; and therefore he breeds them. How long this demand for draft horses will continue to equal of very rapinly-increasing supply, we will not pretend to predict. To avoid loss when the decline does come, we would advise the intelligent farmer to keep up his old stock of well-bred, general-purpose horses. These he can always use, and they will be sure to yay their way, on the road or on the farm ; and the produce of well-formed marcs of this sort 15 to IG hands high, not too long in the leg, from stout, thoroughbred, or nearly thoroughbred stallions, will always be in demand at some price. In reference to the suggestion of one of our correspondents, that we should select draft stallions of more action and less size than has been the prevailing custom of late, we are of the opinion that the time has come, even in this class of horses, that we must look to the form and movement, as well as weight. It we were going to breed to a draft stal- lion, we should certainly' select one of the smaller size, with bony, clean cut head, well set on a properly-formed neck, fiat legs and general conformation indicative of action, m Ijreferenee to a large, heavy-headed one, with low, thick and upright shoulders, large, round legs, etc. ; thungh it must be confessed that horses of this latter description have been bringing quite as high prices in the mar- ket as any others. But we think it will hardly do to depend upon tljis as a permanent feat- ure in the draft-horse market. Gradually form and action, and even style, will attract attention here, as in other classes. It will he observed that we have only spok- en of what the fnrmtv has been doing, and the probability of his future operations in breeding horses. We have not referred to the professional breeders, who, for the most part are handling only thoroughbreds or trotting stock. As to these, we would respectfully direct their at- tention to the great need there is, and the gi'eat demand we may soon expect, for well- bred stallions for breeding good horses of the general-purpose class. Cannot these gentle- men, who have so much taste for the best type of that wonderful animal known as the thoroughbred horse, work out the great prob- lem of producing from this matchless blood the basis for a great strain of general-purpose horses? — NalioiuiX Lice Stock Journal. The Poor Mule. — The amount of fa- tigue, exposure, and abstinence, which a muie will endure, says a writer, seems al- most fabulous. Making long marches across du.sty, shadoless plains, going for long intervals without water and with very little food, obliged to pull loads sometimes amoimting to five thousand two hundred pounds, up steeji hills and through heavy sloughs, subject to cruel treatment and neglect from tlio teamster, the life of an expedition mule is misera- ble enough. No wouder when the mule returns ho looks woefully angular and tliin. The poor animal is frequently driven until he completely gives out, when he is thanklessly turned into tho herd of broken down mules. There is scarcely a more melancholy sight than such a herd. It is a moving bone-yar 1. Gaunt, lean, with drooping ears, hips that rise like promontories above the general desolation, a disconso- late tail, and a woebegone vssage which would frighten an experienced ghost — the poor bankrupt mule is the most wretched parody on Gothic architecture that ever was forced on the public atten- tion. Every vestige of meat has fled from his bones. He is a walking transparency, an animated hat-rack, and I have actually seen his Lip bones irreverently used to hang teamsters' hats on. During our homeward march from the Black Hills, more than one such starved victim laid down his tired frame on the earth that had refused to nourish him, and the benediction of a soldier's bullet called the raven and coyote to a meal which it cost the Government one hund- red and forty dollars to procure. The following horso talk is, at least, rational and worthy of consideration: Sup- pose you were in the harness, and I were in the wagon; I had the whip and you the traces, what an ardent advocate you would be for kindness to the irrational creation? Do not let the blacksmith drive the nail into the quick when he shoes me, or burn my fetlocks with a hot tile. Do not mis- take the "dead-eye" that nature put on my foreleg for a wart to be exterminated. Do not cut off my tail short in fly time. Keep the north wind out of our stables. Care for us at some other time than dur- ing the epizootics so that we may see your kindness is not selfish. My dear friends, our interests are mutual. I am a silent jiartner in your business. Under my sound hoof is the diamond of national prosperity. Beyond my nostrils tho world's progress may not go. With thrift and wealth and comfort I daily race neck and neck. Be kind to me, if you want me to be useful to you. Caee of Houses. — The London FTorse Book says: All horses must not be fed in the same proportion, without regard to their ages, their constitution and their work; because the impropriety of such a practice is self-evident. Yet it is constantly done, and is the basis of diseases of every kind. Never use bad hay on account of the cheapness, because there is no proper uourisemont in it. Damaged corn is exceedingly injurious because it brings on inflammation of the bowels and skin diseases. Chaff is better for old horses than hay, because they can chew and digest it bettor. When a horse is workinl hard its food should be chiefly oats; if not worked hard its food should chietly be hay, because oats supply more nourishment and fiesh- making material than any other kind of food, hay not so much. Hack feeding is wasteful. The better plan is to feed with chopped hay, from a manger, because the food is not then thrown out, and is more easily chewed and digested. Sprinkle the hay with -water that has salt dissolved in it, becaiise it is pleasing to the animal's taste and more easily di- gested. A teaspoonfulof salt in a bucket of water is sufficient. Reminded Her of Her Mother. The beggar who asked alms of a jihiloa- opher on the plea that he was his brother, "counting back to Adam," and received a penny ami the kind wish that all the rest of his "brothers" would give him as much, presumed rather too far on his re- lationship. But natural fellow-feeling is a virtue that ought never to be smothered in the human breast, and often it draws the poor and the suffering very near to us, prompting beautiful benevolence and tender deeds. A lady was riding in her carriage among the mountains, when they came upon an old woman with a funny little hood on her head and a staff' in her hand, walking on all alone. She was neat and clean, and her skin soft and delicate, but her back was bent and she was farefoot. The lady saw she was shoeless and stopped the car- riage. " Here is some money," said the lady, in a tender tone. " What for ?" said the woman, looking ing up pleasantly. ". To buy shoes for your jjoor feet. Do you want a jjair of shoes ?" The woman laughed a little low laugh, which seemed to come from a heart lilled with simple, happy thoughts. " Don't you want a pair of shoes?" asked the lady, a little hurt. " I s'pose I do," said tUe woman; " but I didn't think of anybody's giving 'em to me." " Take this bill, please, and buy you a pair," said the lady. " God bless and reward you!" answered tho woman, heartily. The carriage drove on, and the lady sank back on the seat, with tears in her eyes. " Oh," said she, " I thought I saw my own mother in that dear old lady. She had just such a sweet face and pleasant voice. You don't kuow how I felt when I thought of my mother, old and feeble, walking with bare feet over tho rough, rocky road." If we all saw fathers and inothers, sis- ters and brothers, in the poor and the hungry, what a world this would soon be! -E.cchaiif/e. "1 thought you were born on the first of April," said a husband to his lovely wife, who had mentioned the 21st as her birthday. " Most beople would think so from the choice I made of a husband," she replied. California Agriculturist akd Live Stock Journal. ,7 H, see where robb'd, and murdered, in that pit Lies the ntill heaving liivel at evening Bnatcli'd, Beneath the cloud of ynilt-coneealiug niplit, And fix'd o'er Bulphur: while, not dreaming ill, The happy people in their waxen cells, e)'Kc) Sat teudiiiK public cares, and planning schomcB ^^ Of temperance, for winter poor; rejoiced To mark, full flowing round, their copious stores. Sudden the dsrk oppressive steam ascends; And, used to milder scents, the tender race, By thousands, tumble from their honey'd domes, Convolv'd, ana agtmizing in the diist. Ah I was it then for this you roaru'd the spring. Intent from flower to tlower: for this y(>u toil'd Oiu^'i less the burning summer-heats away? Fur this in autumn search'd the blooming waste, Nor lost one snnny gleam, for this sad fateV Oman! tyraimic lord! how long, how long. Shall prostrate Nature groan beneath your rage. Awaiting renovation? Of their ambrosial food Can you not boirow: and, in just return, AJlord them shelter from the wintry winds? Bee Farming in Los Angeles County. Among tlio manifold products exported from this county, tliat of honey promises at no distant day to assume an important position. During late years several par- ties have entered into the business of bee farming systematically, using the valley lands principally for that purpose. The honey that has been raised in the valleys, has not, however, been altogether free from blemish, and could not compete suc- cessfully in the San Francisco and home markets with Eastern-made honey, being of a dark, yellowish color and of a some- what sickly taste. During the last year or so bee-keepers have had their attention turned toward the mountain lands, previously consid- ered worthless, and along the foot hills of the San Bernardino range apiaries are now scattered hither and thither. Like the land of Can.aan, the foot hills and moun- tains in this country flow with honey, swarms of wild bees hiving in the crev- ices of the rooks and in the rotten trunks of trees. There are not a few men actu- ally engaged in noting else than hunting swarms of bees and robbing their hives ■with considerable profit to themselves. The sloping lands of the foot hills have as a rule, little vegetatiou other than groose-wood and wild sage; but these bloom so profusely as to afford the best kind of bee pasturage. A league of such land, with a small stream of water the size of one's finger for the use of the Ijees to make their wax, is considered ample for a bee farm of at least five hundred swarms. Almost every ravine on the mountain sides contains such a sti'eam of water. The first consideration with the bee farmer after securing a good location is to commence the stocking of his farm. Dur- ing winter, it is an easy matter to obtain swarms for about .'ili2 each, and with twenty hives to commence, the bee-keeper considers himself fortunate, always pro- viding, of course, that ho understands the business. With careful management, these swarms will multiply to tliree or four times that number during the .sea- son, besides yielding some whore in the neighborhood of two hundred pounds of lioney per hive. It is usual, however, tor bee keepers to increase their stock with swarms of wild bees, whenever occasion permits them to hunt. To the inexperienced, hunting for a wild bee's hive, mtist ai)pear a hopeless undertaking; but the bee hunter views it as being exceedingly simple. It is done somewhat after the following fashion: proceeding out of the range of the pas- urage of his own bees, he places a piece of burning wax on the ground, and ad- jacent to it he deposits a little honey. If there are any bees in the vicinity the burning wax attracts them to the spot, and they soon alight upon the honey. The hunter watches the bee until it ob- tains its till, when it at once takes flight for its hive. Sometimes he waits the re- turn of the bee, which never faili^ to do so, accompanied by several of its confed- erates. Some of these the hunter cap- tures and places in a box. He then pro- ceeds in the direction of the first bee. Having gone far enough according to his judgment, he liberates one of the bees held captive, which flies onward in case the hive is not already p.assed; if other- wise, the bee returns and the hunter has to retrace his steps. Whenever he deems it necessary, the process of wax-burning is repeated. By these means it seldom takes many hours for the hunter to find the cave, rob it of comb, honey and swarm and carry all triumphantly to his own apiary. The bee hunter has three enemies, with whom he is constantly at war — tlie moth, the bee-bird and the lizard. The moth works its way into the hive, and if per- mitted to remain will soon destroy the strongest swiirm. The bee-bird bears a striking resemblance to the common camp-jay or butcher-bird, and feeds alto- gether upon bees, as the craw of every bird killed is found to be filled with their carcasses. Bees are alsoa dainty titbit for lizards. These reptiles are exceedingly numerous everywhere throughout tlie dry foot hills, and wherever a bee alights for the purpose of collecting honey, if dis- covered, she is at once snapped up by one of these voracious little reptiles. All pieces of comb of any size are taken out and placed in a revolving machine, which, in its revolutions, throws the honey from the cells. When the honey is extracted from the comb, it is placed in a hive and the bees set at work immedi- ately to refill it. The old system is to melt the honey out of the comb by the heat of the sun, the result being the dis- coloring of the article by the melting of the bee-bread, and the destruction of the comb. It is a saving of two or three week.s' honey-making to a bee-keeper to bo able to place the old comb back in the hive, as it would take all of that time for the swarm to make new combs. Honey from tho mountain apiaries is much paler than that collected by bees working in the valleys, and is entirely free from the sickly taste belonging to the latter. Honey thrown from the comb by the machine before referred to is as clear as crystal, and brings the highest prices in the market; which is at present from fifteen to twenty cents per pound' — Bee- Keepers' Mayazliie. About Bees; forChildeen. — Have you ever, children, watched the bees in their hive'? Their hive is their little city, and each little citizen works hard to build up the wonderful comb in which they store their winter's supply. There are no harder working, busier little creatures in the world than these little insects. They seem also to have a wonderful amount of wisdom and knowledge in their little heads. A lady in Providence relates in tho LillU: Oorporata\tiry interesting story about bees, which shows their wonderful power of instinct. Her father, she tells us, once brought liome a molasses hogshead, to be used as a water tank. On washing day, her mother said, "Lot us throw tho suds into it, to soak the molasses from the bottom." Tlie instant she had done she exclaimed, "O, I have drowned hundreds of our neighbors' bees." The hogshead was black with bees, that were busily appropriating the sweets from what they must have considered an enor- mous blossom. The good lady made haste with her skimmer to skim the beo.s from tho top of the water, and spread them on a board in the sunshine; but they seemed drowned and nearly dead, and she was very sorry. All the bees that were around the hogs- head had flown away at the dash of the water, but in a few minutes they returned, accompanied by scores of others. Then began a curious work. They immediately went to work upon the unfortunate bees, turning them over and over and working upon them constantly with their heads, feet and atennfe. The result of their busy labors was, that one after another gave signs of life, stretched its limbs and wings, crawled about and dried itself in the sun, and flew away. The lady said there were half a pint, at first, and that there remained only about a dozen hope- less cases, beyond the humane efforts of their brothers. Facts and Fancies. — Never feed bees cane sugar syrup, for as its water dries from it, it crystalizes. The sugar should have added to it three drops of sulphuric acid which, upon being boiled changes the cane sugar into grape sugar (the form in which sugar occurs in honey) , which will not crystallize, and which is more natural as food and better for storing than cane sugar. Grape sugar can be pur- chased at eight cents per pound and comes in solid cakes in boxes containing about one hundred pounds. The demand for beeswax is always equal to the supply. Circumstances, which to the casual observer would seem upimportant, .affect its price; for instance, if gold is high, wax is high, and the low price of gold has a corresponding effect upon wax. In case the Pope dies, the ceremonies in every Catholic church throughout Christendom would be of tho most elaborate chai'acter and long contin- ued. In this ceremony the consumption of wax candles would be so great and im- mediate that commercial oiserators esti- mate the advance would be at least 20 or 25 cents per pound. Last year, our readers will remember, he was not ex- pected to live, and wax advanced to 10 and 11 cents. — Bee-Keepers' Macjazine. A Ventilation Joke. — They have a good joke on a "profes.sor of ventilation" down East, who being put into a room at a hotel with another guest, asked tho lat- ter to raise a window at night, as tho air was so close. "I can't raise it," said tho guest, after working at tho window ii while. "Then knock a pane of glassout," said tho professor, which was done. Af- ter a while the professor got up and knocked out another i>ane, then ho was able to .sloop; but in the morning ho dis- cov(ned that he had only broken Into a book-case! The French have a tool called a thistlo-pnl- Icr, niado of wood, and looking very much likd a jiair of bliicksuiith's tongs. Five or six old women, armed with this iustrnmeut, can clear an acre of ground of its thistles in an incredibly short space of time, and with littlo more lioinHuf^ of tho body than a house maid displays while sweeping a carpet. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. giugicuic. Tired Nature's Sweet Restorer. m •iJyLEEP is a positive necessity. It is a period of recupei-atiou, during which there ia a restoration of what has suffered colhipse, waste, or disturb- ance during the period of waking activity. The tired brain and aching muscles regain by rest strength and power to obey the mandates of the will. The demands of the material form for rest are so great as to often defy the aotisn of the mind. During the cholera summer of ISll), while jiraoticing in the country, so constant aud fatiguing were my profes- sional labors that I have often ridden for miles on horseback sound asleep. Al- most every physician in active practice during periods of epidemics, when his strength was taxed to the utmost, has dropped into asleep, as I have done many times while walking the streets. During the battle of the Nile many of the boys engaged in handling ammunition fell asleep, even while the roar of the battle was going on around them. It is said in the retreat to Oorunna whole battalions of infantry slei^t while in rapid march. Even the most acute bodily suflerings are not always sullicieut to prevent sleep. The worn-out frame of thd victim of the Inquisition has yielded to its influences in the pause of his tortures upon the rack, and for moment he has forgotten his suf- ferings. The Indian burned at the stake, in the interval between the preliminary torture and the lighting of the fire, has sweetly slumbered, and been only aroused by the flame which was to consume him curling around him. — Ex. -^-^-^ ■ Location op Houses. — The Science of Health has some sensible suggestions on this topic, which are appropriate here: Houses should be built on upland ground, with exposure to sunlight on every side. During epidemics, it has been noted by physicians that death oc- curs more frei^uently on the shaded side of the street than on the sunny side; aud in hospitals physicians have testilicd to the readiness with which diseases have yielded to treatment in sunny rooms, while in shaded rooms they have proved intractable. Let there be no bogs, no marshes, no stagnant water in the neighborhood. Then let the cellar be thoroughly drained. Inattention to this subject has caused the death of many a person. No father or mother should rest a moment in peace while their innocent babes are sleeping in rooms over damj) and mouldy cellars. Cellars should not only be drained but thoroughly ventilated, otherwise the house must be unwholesome. Let the drains also be constructed for the conduction of slops and sewage of all kinds to a common reservoir, at a distance from the dwelling, to be used for fertiliz- ing purppses. Door-yards 'should be kept clean and dry, composed largely of green swards, on which children may romp and play. This should be their play ground, rather than the carpeted room. They are en- titled to it, that the breath of nature and of nature's God, as it flitters through the blue sky, may fan their rosy cheeks, and fill their souls with joy and their bodies with health. * m » Eating. — As so much of a man's hap- piness and usefulness in life depends upon eating correctly, and as the house- keeper has so much control over this part of our living, we have thought that a few suggestions on the science and art of eat- ing might be appropriate to this de- partment. Every emotion of the heart, every ope- ration of the mind, every motion of the body, or of any member or organ thereof, consumes power which must be supplied by the food we eat; and while it is of the utmost importance that our food shall be wholesome, nutritious and digestible, it is of scarcely less importance that it be eaten correctly, at the right time, and with our systems in the right condition. As first in order we would say, never eat when the body is exhausted. Under judicious management, farmers and their wives need never have dyspepsia, for their plain fresh diet and free exercise should prevent that terrible disease; but statis- tics we think will prove that they are no more exempt from it than other classes. That they are not, we think, is attribut- abla to the fact that they too often eat when they ought to rest; when their pow- ers are too much exhausted to jjerform the functions of digestion. The housewife does her own work, or at least assists about it, works hard to hurry up dinner and have it ready on time.calls the men before dinner is ready, hurrying to the last moment, aud then, when she ought to lie down and rest, she sits down to the table and eats. She is so much exhausted that hunger has ceased, her organs of taste are inactive, her salivary glands do not perfectly per- form their functions, she does not masti- cate well, and the food enters a stomach not prepared to perform the work of di- gestion. The farmer hurries from the field and his severe labor, and while y et weary and exhausted, sits down and swallows his food, hurrying back to his labor. Is it surprising that, after a few years, the di- gestive organs beeome impaired and so many farmers and farmers' wives have wrecked their health before arriving at middle age 1— Rural Home. Fresh Am and Pur.E Watek.— Each year typhus and typhoid fevers carry off thousands of victims, whose lives are thus forfeited to their ignorance or ne- glect of well-ascertained laws. An abun- dant supply of fresh air and pure water is necessary for the healthful life of both men and animals, and when they are de- prived of these requisites, disease and death ensue. In our last issue an eminent physician presented a statement of the principal causes which produce the typhus class of fevers, and this week he instances cases in which a father and two daughters died from the effects of drinking brook-water which was impregnated with excremeu- titious matter. It would not be difficult to enumerate a large number of other cases in which death has occurred from similar causes; but enough has been said to answer the purpose ©f warning our readers against the danger of careless- ness with regard to what they breathe and drink. Let us then be advised, and supply our lungs with pure air and our stomachs with wholesome food. — Hearth and Home. a suggestion may not come amiss as a good j)lan when lemons are cheap in the market. A person should in those times purchase several dozen at once and pre- pare them for use in the warm, weak days of spring and summer, when acids, es- pecially citric and malic, or the acids of lemons and ripe fruit, are so grateful and useful. Press your hand on the lemon aud roll it back and forth briskly on the table to make it acjueeze more easily, then press the juice into a bowl or tumbler^ never use a tin — strain out all the seeds, as they give a bad taste. Remove all the pulp from the peels and boil in water, a pint for a dozen pulps, to extract the acid. A few minutes' boiling is enough; then strain the water with the juice of the lemons; put a pound of white sugar to a pint of the juice; boil ten minutes; bottle it, and your lemouage is reaily. Put in a tcaspoonful or two of this lemon syrup into a glass of water, and you have a cool- ing and healthful drink. Healthfulness of Lemons.— When the people feel the need of an agid, if they would let vinegar alone and use lemons or sour apples, they would feel just as well satisfied and receive no injury. And Remedies for Couons. — The London Lancet says: "Anodynes, narcotics, cough mixtures and lozenges are practically of no good, and but too often increase the debility and hasten the fatal end. The best method of easing a cough is to resist it with all the force of will possible until the accumulation of phlegm becomes greater; then there is something to cough against, aud it comes up very much easier and with half the coughing. A great deal of hacking and hemming and cough- ing in invalids is nervous, purely nerv- ous, or from the force of habit, as shown by the frequency when thinking about it, and the comparative rarity when the per- son is so much engaged that there is no time to think about it, and the attention is compelled in another direction." To these sensible remarks from high authority, every thoughtful observer will be ready to grant a considerable degree of credence. That coughing is in itself injurious, and promotive of inflammation and irritation, is universally admitted. That it is largely undeY the control of the will no one can doubt who has observed the phenomena of coughing in large au- diences. We have heard one cougher start another, until the whole congrega- tion seemed to be in the irresistible grasp of asthma or consumption; and we have known the same congregation, at some particularly interesting moment of a lec- ture or music or sermon or spectacle, all intent to see and hear, preserve an un- broken stillness. Evidently the way to stop coughing is to stop it! Editing needs patience, for there arc a great many thinys constantly occurring iu the news- paper business which have a direct tendency to make a man fractious and ill at ease unless be has a large stock of patience to fall back upon, whereby he can bear up under his bur- den. A pious editor out west says: "A man needs grace to edit a paper properly at any time, but especially when he has the rheuma- tism." Here is what "Brick" Pomeroy says about the qualifications of an editor: No man should ever attempt to be an editor and publisher unless he has the pluck of a bull-dog, the tenacity of death, the ugliness of a devil, the mellowness of a child, the in- dependence of most perfect manhood, the full est faith iu his abihty to endure and a -wiUing- uess to wait for years, to the very verge of the grove, and even till the opening of eternity for his reward. " Brick" is sound on the goose. i m California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. («J(lticiiti0iiiil What is a Good Education? c.P ~ — ■ *( g^BkCK a, boy that which he will 2\l practice when he becomes a man" Am, is advice which has come down to iff ns form the ancients. Although Ji/ there is no knowledge which is useless, it is better to be systematic in its attainment; and the kind of knowledge we get should depend largely upon the pro- fession or business we intend to' follow. Still a man should not study simply one tiling, for this would soon lead to unpro- fitable naiTOwuess; but should so far as possible, consider all things relating to his pursuit. Boys should commence to study them- selves early; this is especially true of farm boys, for they have thrown around them fewer opportuuities to di-aw out their powers in the direction of the gi-eat- cst efficiency. Washington has said that "agriculture is the most healthful, the most useful, and the most noble employ- ment of men." Some have the impres- sion that if a man cannot be anything else, he can be a farmer. This is a false notion, for it takes as much ability to be- come a master farmer as it does to excel in anything else. Agriculture is a science and an art; no one, without special apti- tude, need expect either to master or ap- ply its principles as they should be un- derstood and applied. But what shall be done with those boys who live on farms, but who have a strong inclination for something other than the business of their fathers ? Shall they be held to the farm to take a low position among the others of their business, or shall they be permitted to go out into the world in the direction which the promptings of peculiar ))owers de- mand, to stand .perhaps in the front rank of some other profession? This is not merely a question of grati- fication to the individual, but it is one of usefulness to the world at large. Every man is noble when he fills to the best of his ability the post to which nature calls him. Boys who have reached the age of fifteen, generally know sometliing of their tastes and inclination, and their educa- tion should have some reference to them. It is for every man to get as good an ed- ucation as he can; but all have not the same opportunities. All should know how to read and write, and use promptly and accurately the first principles of arithmetic. Good spelling is a useful ac- complishment. Honesty is necessary, and should be tauglit and learned every- where, whether at home, in the schools, or in the world. Energy and persever- ence should Ije taught while honesty is acipiired. Punctuality must be learned in school, as it is one of the chief f|Uiili- fications of a businessman. Then finally a young man should acquire the techni- calities and peculiar (lualitications needed in his business. Though a man may have received a classical education, a know- ledge of Ijusincss is something which would be quite useful and very often necessary to him if he would be saved from many of the inconveniences brought about by ignorance of the ways of the world. All should know considerable of accounts, for a business habit is a great economizer. Every business man should write a plain, rapid business hand, and have a thorougli knowledge of accounts, theoretical and practii^al. A business college can give the information and prac- tice in these directions, so far as it is pos- sible to give them without actual contact with the business world better than any other school, on account of its greater facilities and the attention given to these particular departments. — La Crosse Ee- Eeason and Impulse. — All persons having charge of children will be inter- ested in the following observations on this subject by Bev. H. N. Hudson: Principle and impulse are often spoken of as ojjposed to each other. And, as men are, such is indeed too often the case; but in ingenuous natures, and in well ordered societies the two giow forth to- gether, each serving to unfold and deepen the other; so that we have principle warmed into impulse, and impulse fixed into principle. This gives us what may be described as a character informed with noble passions. And say what we will, bad passions will have the mastery of a man unless there be good ones to coun- tervail them. For Reason, do the best she can, is not enough; men must love; and their proper safeguard is in having their love married to truth and virtue. When such is the case the state of a man is at peace and unity ; otherwise, he is a house divided against itself, where prin- cii^lo and impulse strive each for the su- premacy, and rule by turns; headlong and sensual in his jjassions, cunning and sel- fish in his reasons. Be Faithfttl. — A man cannot afford to bo faithful under any circumstances; a man cannot afford to be mean at any time; a man cannot afford to do less than his best at all times and under all circum- stances. No matter how wrongfully you are placed, and no matter how unjustly you are treated, you cannot for your own sake, afford to use anything but your bet- ter self, nor to render anything but your better services; you cannot aft'ord to cheat a cheater; you cannot lie to a liar; you cannot afford to be mean to a mean man; you cannot afford to do other than deal uprightly with any man, no matter what exigencies may exist between him and you. No man can afford to be anything but a true man, living in his higher na- ture and acting from the highest consid- erations. The sure foundations of the State are laid in knowledge, not in ignorance; and every sneer at education, at culture, at book learning, which is the recorded wis- dom of the experience of mankind, i.s the demagogue's sneer at intelligent liberty, inviting national degeneracy and ruin. — G. W. Curtis. We cannot bo too much impressed with the importance of literary culture. We should not despise nor think lightly of the moral, imaginative or poetical ele- ments of our being. Tlio poetical ele- ment has more to do with our happiness than any of the coarser kinds of know- ledge called facts. Learn thoroughly what you learn, be it ever so little, and you may speak of it with confidence. A few clearly dle, says: "Arise, gi-ab hands — hitched — six dollars!" In Press. Wo are in receipt of a few proof sheets of a work now iu press with Baukcroft opt-pai(i.$ I , AiUlrosK A^jriculturist and Live Stock Journal, SAN JOSE, CAL. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. C. S. Crydenwise, CAKRIAGB MAKER. PIONEER CAR- rijige Shop. 314 Second Street, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alley. SAN JOSE. ^^^^ AfifPMt for Fii^h Bro. *s Waggons. Zioclse c& Montague, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware S:c. 112 and 114 Battery Street SAN FRANCISCO. THE PARKER GUN.^ SEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR, ; PARKER BRO'S .. WESTMER1DEN,CT.5 WM. SHEWS m mmmm establishment, 115 KEARNY ST., SAN FRANCISCO. This -well known *' Palace of Art," formerly lo- cated on Montgomery St., No. 417, ia now on Kearny St., No. 115 and has no connection with any other. Strangers visiting the City will find it for their interest to patronize this establishment for any kind of picture from Miuatnre to Life Size. N. B. The very best liembraudt Cards Album eize $ per"(ioz. equal to any that oofit $4 on Montgomery St.; other sizes equally low in proportion. ap THE NEW IMPROVED Side Feed and Back Feed. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOSTSHM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKET. Always in OrdenndRdyforWorkf If there is a FLOEENCE MACHINE witUn one thouaand miles of San Fran- cisco not working weU, I will fix it with- ont any expense to the owner. SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Street,' GRAND HOTEL BllILDING, JAN FRANCISCO. SHERMAN & HYDE, Cor. Kearny and Suffer Sis. saw FRANCISCO, WHOLESALE AND BETAIL DEALEBfi ZH SHEET MUSIC, Musical Instruments, •^— AN D— — MUSICAL MERCUANDISE, Orders from tho Interior promptly filled, MANUFACTUEEES OP THE Acknowledged by Musicians to bo tho Best Low Priced Instruments ever offered for sale on this Coast. THE UI^QUALLED These Superb Instnimonls have schievfil a micoi'SB niiparallc-led in the histoiy of Piimo-lorto Manufacture. Thry aro r^mariablo for Great Volume, Purity una Sweetness of Tone, and Durability. ORtailS Thn Most Depirable Instniments in the martet for church mid parlor. Over 28,00U now in use. SHERMAN & HYDE, 6ENER.-LL AGENTS, &AN FRANCISCO. FARMERS' UNION. (Successors to A. Pbisteb & Co.) Corner of Second and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. CAPITAL S I OO.OOO. Wm. Ebksok, PreBJdent. H. E. Hills, Uanager. Directors t Wm. Erkfinn, L. F, Chiiiman, Horace Little, C. T. Settle, Thomas E. Suell. J. P. Diiilley, David Caiiiiiliell, JamcB Sin^^I^rt^,u, E. a. Braley, tO" Will do a General Mercantile BusineSB. Also, receive deposita, on which hucli intereBt will I.,- nl- lowed aK may be agreed upon, and make loans on ai>- proved security. S^N^ JOSE SAVINGS BANK, 286 Santa Clara Street. CAPITAL STOCK . . , $600,000 Paid in Capital (Geld Coin) . $300,'oOO (J Ofiicerg ; President John H. MnonE Vice-President s. A. Uishop Cashier H. H. Ketnolus Directorg; John n. Mooro, Dr. B. Bryant, • H. Mabury, a, A. Bishop, H. H. Keynolds, James Hart, James W. Whiting. NEW FEATURE I This Bank iBsues " Deposit Receipts," beorinp; Inter- estat 0. Hand lit percent per annum; interest payable promptly at tin- end of six mouths from date of de- posit. The " Iteceipt" may be transferred by indorse- ment and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest alst) allowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of deposit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the saft-keeping of Bonils, Stocks. Papers, Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc.,' at trilling cost. Draw JCxchango on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or i'urrcncy. at reaBonable rates, Buy and sell Legal Tender Not«s and transact a Gen* eral Banking Business. National Gold Bank OF SAN JOSE. Paid np Capital (Gold Coin) S.'sno.OOO Authorized Capitol $1, 000, UUO President JOHN W. HlNTia Vice-President E.G. SINGLE TA UY Cashier W. T. TISDALK Directors : C. Burrel, C. G. Harrison, Wm. D. Tisdale, E. C. Singletary, E. L. Bradley, Wm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds. Will allow Interest on Deposits, bny and sell Ex. change, make collections, loan money, and transact A General Banking Business. Special inducements oflFered to farmers, merchants, mechanics, and all clas-ses for commercial accounts. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE, Sep 203 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. m Boots and Shoes. K:-. - 3 ""^^ M Patent Pump Valvo. , Grain Dealer. Candy Factory. Stoves, Kitchen Utensils. Room ngriipU (lullury, gimta Clura titreut E. J. WILCOX, ffiicox Block, No.39i First St., SAir JOSZi, CAIi. California and Eastern Made BOOTS AND SHOES, A Large and Superior AsBortment. XVo. 394 First Street, Wilcox Block, San JoRe. ALL KINDS OF [jALiroiiNiii AND mm • LUMBER, " Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc Conetautiy on hand. All Orders Promptly Filled. p. O. Box 509. These Valves are thesim- plt-Kt ami nuiRt perfect in cunfitmc- tion (if any Valve over invented. For chniLiiiHi^SB, dural>ility and capacity of dim-har^'inf; wat-T. they are n l-'irbt Street, SAN JOSE. SUBSCRIBE S -FOB IHE — UN SHIN — THE ONLTT- childhefs magazine Pnhlinlied on THE PACFIC COAST. Only Sl.lO a Year. AmBLnmronHiLDHEN! And one that will continue A Source of Pleasure During the whole year. AddreBB, atTOSHINE, Postofllco Box 288 Santa Clara. fOKTHE HOUSK.-.7" The Autumn No. of Vick's Floral Guide, containing descriptions of H7acintli's, Talipa, Liliss, and all Balls and Seols for Pall Phnting in the- Oatdoa and for Winter Flowers in the hoase^juat pulished and sent free to all- Address JAMES VICK, Roclieeter, N. T. SEPTEMBER. | 8. M. T. w. T. 2 If- 3 s. ~4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 26 20 27 21 28 22 29 23 30 24 25 — R. C. Kirby & Co., TAITNERS! SANTA CHIISOAKMNED SOLE LEAm Wholesale Dealers. C> 1'' KICK: 402 and 404 Battery St., San Francisco. Mer\efee & Gastoi\ SEsarTiSTS, S.W. Cor. Santa Clara ami First Ms Over Farmers' National Gold Bank, SAN jrOBE. B^ SiK-oial attention given to Fine Gold Fillings. J. E. I\^UGKER, Cor. First and Santa Clara Sttt^ SAN JOSE. LAEGE & SMALL FARMS ion HAl.E. Lots in all Parts of the City FOE SALE. Insurance in One of tlie Best Companies. JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, Pioneer Blacksmith and Carriage Shop. Bulbarli^s Ne^v Brick, cor. Sec- ond st.antl Foiintain Alley, SAN JOSK, Afipent for Fish Bro.*s Wagons. Now Work and repairing of Agricultural ImplementB, etc. Wastes American Tire-Setter* SANTA CLAEA VALLEY DE.ITG STORE, not) Santa Clara street. Op- posite the Convent, SAN JOSE, JOBir D. SCOTT, XKE.D., Physician and Druggist. C. E. CAMPBELL, Manufacturer of Well Pipe and Galvanized Iron Pumps ^vitU improvtil valves. Tin, Copper, Zinc and SUeet- Iron ivares. Galvanized Iron (^Uimneys, Tin Roofing, Plumb- ing', etc. No. 339 First Street, opposite El Do- rado St. E-i W F4 to ■■i g Ft n o Blacksmith Patent Tire-Setter, Physician Druggist. StOTOS, Bill Pumps, Hpdnilic Saai Lead and Iron PI] Brass Oood^ Hoso W Farmers' £eQin Eoi:so FuraisUft Wares. JACKSON LEWIS, DEAT,KE IN WATCHES, JSmaUILVEmEE, Etc. ARcnt fur the Ci'lobrated BIAIKEOZVD SFECTACIiES, ALSO, BllAZILIAN PEBBLES And Common Ulassei*, 259 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. WOODLAND roviiTRir VARDS Victorious! Half the Awards at the Last State Fair. Send tor Price Libt of ECtOS and FOWLS. DR. W. J. PU.VTIIF.R, „„ W(.odlBlid, Yolo Co., Cal. Subscription Price, $1.50 a year. SAN JOSE, CAL., OCTOBER, 1875. Single Copies, 15 cents. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PageaiR, Letter from Woodland. Kditorialt •' 310, E:, Household Reading:. — Chats T ith Farmers* Wives and Daughters, (by Jewell) Grandfather's Talks— Something About Mar- ried Life A Contrast. " 236, Honseliold Reading- (continued). Domestic — Domestic Comfort. A Few Little Things, Mismanaged Work in the Kitchen. '* 237, Domestic (continued) . — Recij^es from "Jewell." Uoya and Girls. — Four and Twenty Different Birds Baked in a pie. Let- ters From the Young Folks. Little Folks' Dictionary. '• 238, Hygienic. — Two Ways of Dressing our Babies. Mothers, save your Children 1 by Nell Van. How the Eye is swept and washed. Removal of Tadeworm. '• 23S>, Hygienic, (continued). — Tli»9 Emi- nent Physicians. Food as Medicii.e. Decay of the Teeth. The Dairy.— Kind Treat- ment Pays. The Holstein Cow. Alderneys and Jerseys. «* 3:J0, The Dairy (continued),— Butter Prod net of a Short-Horn Heifer. The Horse,— Something About Draft Horses. Colors and Qualitieis, What to Do with a Dead Horse, Etc. •• 231, Apiary.— Thou Cheerful Bee. Bee- Keeping in Southern California. Preparation of Wax. Bees, Wasps and Grapes. ** 331, Preservation of Wood. Poultry Yard Futteuing Chickeus. Hens Eating Eggs- Cure. Vermin on Fowls. How to Feed FowIb Etc. '* 233. Horticulture.— Plant Olive Trees- Tamarind, Oranges and Lemons. Mush rooms. Pisciculture. — Fish Culture. Fis Interchange. Very Smgular. ** 234, Pisciculture (continued). — How to Ft^ed Young Fish. Fish at the Centennial Women.— Duties and Privileges of Women, Woman the Equal of Man, •• 23.'3, W^^inen (Continued). An Oft-Forgotten Fact. Miscellany .—United States L and Patents. How a Settler was Outraged Tiy. Law. Short Weight Cheats. Etc. *• 23G, Eqchauge Noticos. Some HintB Abou RtiSiU Making. . Ehc. CEO. 8. HOLIES, . (Foninrh/ Xeedliain i(- Co,.) imnmm of pictues nmii Slumber 438 First Street. Opposite STew Vork Bakery. |N STOEE FROM THE EAST, A LARGE LOT OF READY-MADE SQUARE AND OVAL I Walmit Frames, bought at a low price. Chromos mounted. Picture Fnimes of all siz.es MADE TO ORDER at the very lowest prices. A choice lot of Chromos and Engravings bought at auction. ]jow Rent and Iiour Prices. Satisfaction CS-naranteed. LOUIS CHOPARD, JEWELLER And Dealer in SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY, At Low Figiires. B^WntcheB and Jewelry Carefully Repaired. FARiVaS FOR SALE. 441 ^cres — 8 miles southwest of the 4:ity. with House, Bam, Well- Tank and Mill; WeU fenced, plputy uf Timber; A No. 1 Grain Farm at $.)'i per acre. 198 1-2 iLcreS near 18-mile Station on Gilruv Uoad— A yonn Fann; All Valley Land; Cheap at $s,Hoo. 1.800 iSlcres in San Joaqnin Connty — Nearlyall VulkyLand: 1^ niilesfrom ElIiB Station; U. S. Patent; ^ood Grain Land at $12 per acre; Will Bell in Small Tracts if Desired. 120 ^crcs uear Lawrence Station, at $'.'0 per acre, Well Improved. 34 ^cres near Archer's Homestead at fHXl per acre. 6 lUotS ftom 8 to 14 Acres Each in Quiun's Orchard Tract near the City, on ReaBouable Terms. Many other Farms not advertised. The title in all cases to be good or no sale. [isro^E^^ to Lo^^isr JAMES A. CIiAV^ffOSr, Bep Real Estate Agent, 290 Santa Clara Street FOR SALE! HALF -INTEREST IN THE CALIFORNIA A&RIGULTURIST AND LIYE STOCK JOURNAL. Inquire at the Office, A. O. HOOKEII. Late Guuekt.1 .^ Hnnicer L. FncuJAN. Latf of Marys\-ille. mni&AN,!j5;9; ' I I' I •si SI, DENTISTS. s,in J.w. BJ^ROA-Ij^n S! Oct. l:t. 1.S75. L. HOURIET &, Co., WHOLESALE and EETAIL ix-alers in Watches, Clocks, Diamonds, SILVER-PLATED WAES, JEWELRY AXD SrECTACLES On and After tJiis Date all Goods vnllbe sold at Retail at IVf.olesale Prices. Having the advantage of oiur manufactory, and deal- ing ill our goods by Wholesale, we feel confident that we can oflVr special inducements to the public. Wo iu\1te everybody to call and examlhe. Prompt atten- tion shown to all. . Fine Watch and Jewelry repairing done promptly, 324 Santa Clara St., San Jose. ■^•^^jC^j California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. THE TRUTH ABOUT The DA VI VEKTICAIi FEEB SHUTTLE imn MACHINE. G STORE, 266 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. SA^ JOSE CLOTH I 266 Santa Clara Street, S O'BAITIOIT fSi KEWT, f XWEerchant Tailors and Clothiers, Dealers in All Kinds of CEITTS' FTJE.1TISIII1TG GOODS, LICHTSTONE BLOCK, Nearly Opposite the Auzerais House. TT DOES NOT TAKE AN UOIU TO GET i- ready tu do a nilinite'B work, but is always ready in a minute to do a day'8 woik. The Favorite of the Family circle. Kuns more easily and quietly than any other machine. The DAVIS presents these advantages : It prevents f ulliUK or gatherinR of sjoods, will sew over thick seams, or from one thickness to another, without change of Btitch or tension, and make the most Elastic, Durablo and Uniform Lock Stitch of any Machine before the public. The only one having an Automatic Bobbin winder, and the most wonderful attachment for making the Knife Pleating. ,„,„.» The peculiar feature of DAVIS is its VEETICAL FEED, which is essentially different from any other Machine manufactured, requiring no acquired skill to operate it, nor Ijasting of the goods, and all should give it an axamination at least before purchasing any other. After six weeks' trial at the Franklin Institute Exhi- bition, hold at Philadelphia in Wti, it was Awarded tlie Grand Bledal Affainst Nine- teen Conkpetitors I And has universally been awarded the FIRST PRE- MIUM at all principal Fairs where exhibited. We have the best manufacturing machine in use. Energetic and responsible Agents wanted in all un- occupied territory. For further information, circular and terms, call on or address G. L. BIGELOW, Agent for Sauta Clara County. Salesroom, Wo. 436 First Street, SAN JOSE, Or TUB DAVIS SEWING MACHINE CO.. I I 8 Post St., San Erancisco. BUEEDERS' DIRECTORY. Parties deHiriug to purcbase Live Stock will find iu thin Directory the uauies of some of the moBt reliable Breeders. Our Rates.— Cards of two lines or less will be io- wrted in thiB Directory at the rate of 50 cents per mouth. A line will average about eight words. Payable annually. CATTLE. C B. POI^HEMUS, Sau Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle, S. N. PUTNAM, breeder of Pure-bred Durham Cattle, Santa Clara, Cal. S. B. EMERSON, Mountain View, Santa Clara county, Oal., breeder of Short-Horn and Holstein Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CHARliES CLARK, Milpitas, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeileiTof Short- Horn Cattle and Swine. CYRUS JONES 6i CO., San Jose, Sauta Clara county, Cal., breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. COLEMAN YOUNGER, San Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. L. J. HANCHETT, San Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. B. G. SNUATH, Menlo Park, San Mateo Co., Cal., choice Jersey Cows, Heifers and bull Calves for sale CARR tSs CHAPMAN, Gabilan, Nonterey county, Cal ., breeders of Trotting Horses, Short-Horn Cattle and Swine, R. B. CANNON, Suisun, Solano county, CaUfomia, breeder jf Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. JOS. !•. CHAMBERS, St. Johns, Colusa county, Cal ., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SHEEP AND GOATS. MRS. ROBERT BLACOW, Ccnterville, near Niles Station, Alameda county, Cal. Pure-blooded French Merino Rams and Ewes tor sale. A . G. STONESIPER, Hill's Ferry, Stanislaus Co., Cal., breeder of Pure-blooded French Merino Sheep. A. VROM AN, Jenny Lind, Calaveras county, Cal., Cotsw(»ld Bucks for sale. References, Moody & Fai^ ish,San Francisco: Shippee, McKee & Co., Stockton. LENDRUM tb ROGERS, Watsonvllle, Cal., im- porters and breeders of Pure Angora Goats. C. P. BAILEY, San Jose Cal., importer, breeder and dealer in Cashmere or Angora Goats. Fine Piu-e-bred and Grade Goats for sale. LENDRUM & ROGERS, Watsonvllle, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of the finest Cotswold Sheep and Angora Goats. MCCRACKEN & LEWIS, San Jose, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of tine Angora Goats. Also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. THOS. BUTTEEFIELD k SON, BREEDERS AND Isri'ORTERS OF ANGORA OR CASHMERE GOATS, tS" Also, Cotswold and other long wool Sheep. "^ FRENCH ANU SPANISH MERINOS. HOLLISTER. MONTEREY CO., CAL. SWINE. C. eOMSTOCK, Sacramento, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. R. S. THOMPSON, NAPA, CAL. J.BREWSTER, Gait Station, Sacramento county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. WM. FLEMING, Napa, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle, W. L. OVERHISER, Stockton, San Joaquin Co., 'Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. J. B. REDMOND, Black Point, Marin county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. IMrolilHU AND BREEDER OF THOROUGH-BRED BERKSHIRE SWINE. \immm Spanish Mehinos FOR SALE. n[\ eandt^TO years old Tlioroagrh'TKd l)W Spanish Merino Kams, California bred, from Ewes imparted from Vermont, and sired by Stveranee fi Peefs celebrated ram Fhkmi>nt, anil by their ram Orekn Mountain, which took the llrst premiiuus at the liay District and State Fairs. Last shearing. Hr>,'^ feet high. The soil, with proper cultivation, would produce 100 bushels per acre. Land here is worth from 20 to 200 dollars an acre according to location and improve- ments. Farmers are using the best improved ma- chinery. For thrashing, Eurights straw burners are being introduced. Here, also, derricks with horse forks are used with near- ly all thrashing machines, also Jackson's self-feeder and elevator ; a great labor saving machine. I have seen Jackson's Traction en- gine used for thrashing, propeled over a rough road and drawing separator, traps waggon, etc. Derrick's (I think it is) Per- petual hay-press is in favor here. It makes compact bales that I have not seen equaled. Ten tons of it can be stowed on a single rail- road car. I have visited the poultry yards of Dr. J. W. Prather, and though his choicest birds were away to State Fair, I saw enough to satisfy me he has very choice poultry. His yards are located in clover, so his poultry have green feed the year round. Before closing this I must mention the farm and vinej'ard of B. B. Blowers. I saw sights there that would astonish even old Californians. , Mr. B. has 25 acres devoted to table and raisins gi'apes, and if wine men would visit his vineyard and see his " lay out " of raisins, no other argument would be needed with such of them as desire prosperi- ty and have the good or their race in view. For bearing, size and ilavor of Mr. B's. grapes and raisins, it will be hard to equal them anywhere. I saw vines bearing a second crop that had on at least 40 lbs., of grapes ! Mr. B. dries his grapes on the ground, but this year he is trying a cement floor in the field. He has 700 yards of this floor already, and so constructed that in case of a raiu, water will drain ofl' quickly. I also saw the effect of two methods of prunning of one kind of grape vine. One way caused the vine to be almost worthless as a bearer, the other made the same varfety very prolific. From 120 lbs., of grapes, Mr. B. has made 45 lbs. of raisins. There again I saw clover fields and the ef- fect it had on stock, especially in its wool and mutton producing qualities on some graded Merino sheep belonging to Mr. B., al- so some of the get of buck, "Silver Horn." A lot of Merinos imported from Vermont and owned by Mr. George Hammond were very fine. A lamb Ty^ mouths old get of " Vigor " of Ohio weighed 107 lbs. On 10 acres of clover, Mr. B., has had for five months, 150 heads of sheep and 10 of cows and horses, and there will be feed enough for months yet. Mr. B., discovered that cattle and sheep that had access to his grape cuttings — of which they ate freely in the spring — did not bloat, showing perhaps, that stock running on succulent clover need dry feed as well. Much more might be said of this Yolo County, but fearing I intrude on your space, I close. Yours truly, A. R. Woodhams. Woodland, Yolo Co., Sept. 20. The Old Sayinff : " There is no peace for the wicked " may be all correct, but it seems as though there was little for those who right- eously choose to escape from the wicked in this vicious age. The settlers at Lompoc made their by-laws, forbidding the sale of alcoholic liquors within the colony, with au honest and earnest de- sire to live in peace, and bring up their chil- dren in security from the woi-st foe to human happiness. They had a right to do this, and now they propose to maintain that right; we hope they will. But through a loop-hole in their by-laws, the enemy was admitted into their midst and the fight has commenced. The war with alcohol can never be ended short of total prohibition. Between it and abstinance there is an irrepressible conflict One or the other must fall. The Lompoc colony by-laws permit the sale of alcoholic preparations by druggists upon the prescription of a physcian. A sa- loon keeper has only to start a " drug store " and either be a " physician " or else have a confederate capper to carry on the vile busi- ness there/ This game has already been com- menced as we published in a correspondence last month, and the ladies revenged the death of an innocent victim by spilling the liquor in the whisky shop, after the keeper had re- fused to comply with the request to sell no more as a beverage. Now " legal redress " is demanded by this trespasser upon peacea- ble society, and, as law seldom means justice in this country, it is impossible to foresee the result. The malicious liquor men wiU go to any length to crush out temperance in any form so threatening to their "business." Unscrupulous of lawyers can be found to hound the people, and, if they will stand it, they wili be driven to allow whisky mills to tri- umph over them. We can only council one thing ; let your by-laws mean total prohibition and fight it out on that ground in defiance of any power that whisky cau command. The eyes of the world arc upon yon, and every temperance man and woman in the land will "lorv in your indomitable determination to maintain your inalienable right to hfe, liber- ty, and the pursuit of happiness. List of New Advertisements. Saddlery— Empey & Lennai-d. Market— E. C. Munu. Real Estate — James A. Clayton. Sewing Machines— G. L. Bigelow. Jeweller — Houriet & Co. Dentist — Arthur Gore, Santa Clara. Jeweller — L. Chopard. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. gmghe1t^aun(itlJ S. HAEEIS HEREING & 00., Kilili>i'.s and rublishi-TS. OKFK'K: Over tlie Siin Jose Siivltiffs Rank, liiillmcliN Biiildiiiu;, $>uiita C'lura Street, near First, Sim Jose. SPECIAL TEEMS TO AGENTS. BATES OF ADVERTISING. Per onp C.ihimn ?15 nn Per Month •• iKilf Oohimn 8 00 " " fimrlli <:nl\min 4 00 " " " .■islithClnnm 2 00 " " sixteenth Column 100 *' •• V^^ We Jire determined to adhere to to our resolution to admit none Imt worthy InisineBK advertiBing in our columns, and to keei) char of patent nedicine, liquor, and other advertisements ijfdciiibtl 111 iiilliience. The larKO circulation, the deKirable class of roaderR, and the neat and convenient form, rend- rs this Journal a choice medium for reachiuf^ the attention of the masses. EDITORIAL NOTES. Of What Does Greatness Consist ? Not notoriety, surely. Neither is it riches. Yet as much renown may be gained from, and as much homage may be, and often is paid to these, as to every virtue and power of mind that distinguishes the noble from the com- mon class of humanity, rrobably scores of men die every year, as they have lived, com- j)aratively unnoticed, who are as' wise, as virtuous, as self-sacrificing, as philanthropic, and who have worked as faithfully for the good of humanity as the late great Ralston of the great Bank of California. But they were not as rich in this worlds goods. We must express our condemnation of the system of assessing nominees for State, County and town offices to pay campaign ex- penses. It all leads to corruption and abuse. How can we ever expect to lessen taxation when such a system is tolerated? Even the enormous salaries and perquisites now paid officers are barely sufficient to pay assess- ments. How can they get even but by being open to bribery and favoritism? So long as Buch things are permitted by law, we cannot expect economy of Government in any of its branches, nor fair dealing and justice in our courts. Work-horses on the farm sliould not bo allowed to fall off in flesh this month for lack of 'feed in stubble fields and pastures. A feed of hay, or even good fine straw once a day will pay, if it is needed to keep them in good order for the seasons plowing. Look to your horse collars, that they are in good condition and see that shoulders do not get g ailed and sore. Be merciful to the beast. A Successful Attempt at seed growing has been undertaken this season near San Jose. Mr. E. W. Wilson, who has had many years experience at seed growing in New York and Iowa, put in 30 acres of onions and let- tuce for seed. He produced about 9,000 lbs., of lettuce seed for Briggs Brothers, seedmen, Rochester, New York, and over 8,000 lbs., of onion seed, not contracted for. Mr. W. is now East to dispose of his crop, and to con- tract with seedsman to take a large crop an- other season. Mr. W. says that his seed pro- duced here this season is the best and heaviest that he ever saw, and that such a good quiilitj cannot be grown East. He was not fortunate in selecting soil that could not be irrigated either, as the season was exceptionally dry and the crop was not as heavy as it should have been. Another season this will be remedied. His success is of the most en- couraging nature however, and no doubt should exist in the mind of any one as to the superiorfty of our soil and climate for seed raisng. The Cultivating Fruit for Stock should attract more attention than it does. In some portions of the eastern states sweet apple trees are grown around jjastures to produce fruit for cows and it is found to pay well. The cows give a superior quantity and quality of milk when fed with fruit. We have sever- al times suggested that it would pay to plant grape vines about grain fields to furnish succulent food for hogs while ftittening ujjon the grain. We learn that one farmer who has tried it, strongly recommends feeding grapes to hogs as a cheep and economical feed with grain. The Arabs it is said, feed grapes to their horses, which fatten on them. Where alfalfa and squashes, and other veg- etables can be grown cheaply and abundantly, perhaps it would be more economical of laud and labor to cultivate them for feeding stock, than to plant grape vines for the purpose. But on dry ranches, the grape will be found just the thing. It requires little cultivation, ))ruuiug once a year being about all the trouble necessary to insure regular crops. The mission grape is an abundant bearer and will probably be found as good as any for this purpose. Grapes are now abundant and cheap and of excellent quality. Other fruits having been scarce and dear this season, we can ap- preciiite this "gift of the gods" all the more. There is no more luscious fruit than the grape ; healthful, nutritious and bounti- ful. The grape vine will grow almost any- where it may be planted and the fruit can be grown with less expense than any other on an average. It is a blessing to the world in its natural and health giving forms, but when fermented in vat and still, the product is dis- tructive of virtue, fortviue and human worth. The noble grape is not to blame for the vile use to which demortdized man may subject it. The grape should b(! found daily upon the table of every family during the season of its riiieness. Put up fresh in cans as other fruit is, it will be found a superior table fruit the year round. Several fine varieties of fleshy grapes make excellent raisins. Kiusins iu some countries are a staple article of food, and should be more largely eaten in our own. They are very nutritious and healthful for man or beast. California should now, and probably will in years to come, supply the whole of America with superior raisins. It is estimated that 40,000 boxes will be pro- duced this season. When selected w-iih care and ])roperly cured, California raisins are not excelled by any others. The Lick Observatory, will probably be located upon Mount Hamilton in Santa Clara County, distance about 25 miles from San Jose. Mr. Lick has promised to build it there if our county will build a good road to it from San Jose, which we have no doubt will be done at once. A telescope of im- mense power, much greater than any ever made will be placed upon it, at a cost of nearly, or quite, one million dollars. This princely donation to science and to the ad- vancement of mankind, will most likely de- velop facts that will settle many points about the planets and other distant stars, which are now shrouded by conjecture. The moon will be brought to vision close enough, so that ob- jects upon its surface the size of a common dwelling house can bo discerned. Photographs upon delicate material can be taken and so magnified as to make ob- jects the size of men appear plainly, for ex- amination ; at least there is nothing scien- tifically impossible about it. We believe that it will yet be so that the inhabitants of even the planet Mars, can be seen through these .agencies. At any rate, it is devoutly to be wished, and the prospect of adding to our other attractions such an institution as the Lick Observatory will be, makes every resi- dent of San Jose feel elated. Long may Mr. James Lick live, must be the sentiment of all. Horse Racing at our agricultural fairs does not appear to be growing less in favor with the sort of crowds thiit attend such fairs, nor with the the managers of them, who ap- pear to think that to be success/id, a fair must be so managed as to bring together the big- gest possible crowd of people and cause them to squander their money. The Ndthmal Live Stuck Journal iu some sensible talk on horse racing says : "that money thus distributed, does not encourage improveniait in WjHcuUure, nor tend in the fea.s( tteyref to improve, in any useful char.actcristic, our domestic animals," and continires ; " It is probtible that the only way to efl'ectually guard against this evil, is to adopt what has alwaj-s been the practice at the New York State Fair ; that is, to proliihit all tests of speed .'" This would bo a radical moasnre. We have never opposed the simple test of speed, but have always deplored the gambling, pool selling, etc. However, we would sooner see a prohibatory law, than witness any more of the demoralizing effects of horse-racing "Agricultural Pairs." A fair that is a gambling game cannot in any proper sense bo called CKiricnltund. * m ^ ■ TiiK San Francisco Board of Provision Packers advises the farmers of California to fatten hogs with their wheat, as 5^1, 400,000 gold was sent from that city last year to buy Eastern pork and lard. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. [For the Calipoknia AGRlonT-TtTBisT.] Cive Me the Hand that is Friendry Forever. BY AGNES. ^ §S mortals advance iuto life's iloeponing shadows. The Deed of true frieudship wu all mudt con- fess ; It may come from the hand that is destined to labor, It may come from sweet childhood which lives but to bless; Yet soft p»lm. or hard hand, it matters not never, Give me the hand that is friendly forever. In the whirl of life's duties, we fail to remember Th(5 mauy demaudH human kinduets requires. And greedily gather life's blosBom and sunshine. Whilst broken hearts i)erish and friendship expires ; Then soft palm, or hard hand, it matters not never, Give me the band that is friendly forever. When fortune her jewels profusely bestows. We cling to our idols and hold them in fear ; Lest friends may prove traitors, and cunningly rob ue Of much that makes living desirable her© ; Then soft palm, or hard hand, it matters not never, Give me the hand that is friendly forever. We cast our thoughts round us and proudly exclaim, Our friends are as legion, they'll surely remain. But fortune escapes us ; disease comes in train, When nothing is left us but suffering and pain ; Then soft palm, or hard hand, it matters not never, We'll cling to the hand that js friendly forever. Sowing and Reaping. A sower went out to sow one day. When a city maiden chanced that way ; A sweet, wee maiden with just a ti-ace Of lingering babyhood in her face, And she paused where the farmer sowed bis grain. And uttered a cry half joy, half pain : ** What beautiful things, so golden red And shining 1 Pray ! are they gems ?" she said, *' And why do you bury them imderground Where never a sound of them may be found ? They'd be so pretty for dolly and me To play with under the beecheu-tree I" "Now, Heaven forgive me !" the farmer said : " But, child, my little ones must be fed I Why, this is corn, and I plant it here, That I may liave food for them all next year. Should I see them starve and die instead ? Nay, but my little ones must have bread." But still the child, with a wistful glance. Kept watching the treasure hall atikauce. As it dropt from his hand like drops of gold. And buried itstlf in the silent lunld ; So he paused and gave to her hiindfuls twain Of his scarlet beans and his golden grain. "True, it is little the likes of me Can spare from the children's bread," said ho : " But God provides for the sparrow even, And 1 am on earth and He is iu heaven ; He will send his sunshine, and dew, and ralQ, And give me back my own again." A rustle, as if of a silken gown I Or was it a bird s wing sweeping down From yonder thicket of beechen-trees. Or a mad-cap freak of the soft spring breeze? What mattered it? tio, with a glad content. Again to his toil the sower bent. — Months passed ; Grod's beautiful sun and rain Their yearly mirsclo wrought ; again The farmer stoixl in his field, but now With a grateful heart and leverent brow. For a plentiful harvest around him smiled. And his thoughts went back to the little child. " Sure, never was field so blessed before As this," he said ; *' 'twas a scanty store I gave the maiden ; but who divides With others, a blessing with him abides "— And his lips grew glad with a grateful tune In the hush of that auturoai afternoon. But, see ! as he gathers his fruitful sheaves. What treasure is this among the leaves? A silttu purse ! in its lustrous hold Ten shining pieces of solid gold I How came it here, like a gift of God, Wuere never a foot but his own had trod ? Again a stir near the beechen trees I But this time neither of bird nor breeze i^ A lady ! clad in a wondrous sheen. Of silk and gome, like an Eastern Queen ; And, cinsr tu h._^r Hide, th.- litO- ehiid. Sweet thoughts of whom had his toil beguiled, " It is yonrs, my lady "—ho raised the gold— " Niiy, keep the treasure," she said, "behold, God sends it you ! It was surely He Wlio led my steps by the beecUcii tree That sweet spring morn when you shared your seed With oue of His little ones at her need. " And 80, if He designs to use ray baud In Sowing His seed— (you understand) :— Giving me all that I want and more. From out uf the overflowing store. Should I not scatter of here or there? Shall you bless others and I forbear ?" O beautiful Gospel of human need And human sympathy I Here, indeed. Together the rich and poor may meet, Each with his oflenng, helpful, sweet ; Nor this too costly, nor that too sm&U With Him who is Maker of us all. Good Farmer James. If you had known good farmer James, Whose life in ways of labor ran. You would have known of sterling worth- The virtues of an honest man. He never traveled far away ; A luieign shore he ne'er had seen. And all his life was humbly passed Where his forefathers' lives had been. His fields were ample for his wish. And yielded croi>s, with some to spare For those whose lives were sorrowful With BickuesB, poverty and care ; For 'twas his pleasure to astst In every way the worthy poor. And when the suffering came his way No bolts were found upon the door. Yet idleness ne'er found a friend In Farmer James. Sloth was a vice ; And carelessness and levity Were wrong and sinful in his eyes. His was the ever constant aim To help his fellows all he could ; And ue're was he so happy as When to his neighbors doing good. His life was simple from the first. And when it ripued to its close. And he was laid away, for him No word but that of praise arose ; For he had left a legacy Richer than gold and jewels prove — A legacy of honest worta. Of uoble actions, and of love. A Rainy Day. DT Al^KED B. 8TBEET, The bright rain-tassels of the skies Drip trom their cloudy, leaden crown ; — And like a sponge the landscape lies Itetkiug and sullen, dumb and brown. Bushes and trees their leafy hands Clap, as each lirop their surface pats ; — The Burly hemlock, twitching, stands Like Poutu in a haze of gnats. Under the rumbling cart that stoops To drink the pool that mantk-s round, Brawn to one crescent feather, droops The curlesfi cock, a king discrowned. Pame Partlet in her brindled hues Sits tamely by and preens her breast ; — W"hile poor, drenched Tabby peevish im.-ws Beneath the woodshed's dripping crest Within the dusky half-light there. See-sawing pigeons pick the oats ; There leans the spado, and glints the share. Dull grms the rake, the buck-saw gloats. Moist wood-scents wander in the breeze. Mixed with the garden's dampened sweets ; And the wet fragrance of the trees. The rainy flail forth ceaseless beats. The dncks roll up belighted eyes; All talk at once, ttieir feather's shake. Even seek to fly, then each one plies Way on the flowing cistern's lake. The cow stands swinging meek her cud, And wistful eyes the meadow near ; — While Whitey shows in many a thud Impatience of his stable drear. And still gray tassels streak the air. And rumble still cart, barn, and shed ; — Rain, weary rain, fallt; t.-verywh^re. And nature drenched looks dull and dead, How desolate the sodden field ! The rubbing tree stands dank and dark ;— The lir's firm boughs no covert yield. Though curving teuC-liko round the bark. From the wet stack the vapors shrug ; — VVilliin yawn coverts warm and dry. Where Brindle bhelters sleek and snug, Protected from the Irowniug sky. The cottage door, swung open, shows The streaked duwk scene within ; there sits The grandsire where the chiminey glows. Puss purs, and there the grandam knits. The tottling grandchild ridps the dog. Or strikes him whimpering wllh his whip ; Sport yells when fired on by the hig*. Then ujiward starts and bites his hip, Thero ticks the clock with endless swing; The wood-ch.-iirs gleem in crimson gloss ; The kitten gambols with the string. While the domed drops the panes emboss. The rainy day, though desolate. Prophetic tells to-morrow's light;— Like tears of sorrow that create The bow which makes all nature bright. Going After the Cows. They waited then-, by the pasture bars- Dapnle and Dolly, "and Dmi, So I slip the bars in the well-worn posts And drop them one by one ; But I do not go. as I always go, 'Jo see the milking done. I lean my cheek on the pasture bars. And watch the stars come out ; Perhaps they will miss me, up at the house. And wonder what I am about ; But I've something to think of here to-night While I wati^'h the stars come out. Last night when I came for the beauties^ Willie was walking with me, And he asked me if I thought ever A farmer's wife I could be ; For 1 am a city girl, you know. And a farmer's son is he. Willie wears home-spun trowsers, And such a course straw hat I But he face that looks from under the rim. Is handsome and brave, for all that ; And his eyes, they look at me so queer That my heart goes pit-a-pat. Every night, when the work is dAie, We sit in the twilight gray — Willie and I, in t!ie ivied porch. And sing the hours away ; I think it's better than opera. Or theatre, any day. He said last night, that the summer Is brighter because I am here. That his work was never so easy As it is when I am near — And he taid— but there, I won't tell. Such words are too sacred and dear. How pure is the breath of the clover. That comes from the meadows mown 1 How holv the sky above me. With the twinkling lights full sown t No wonder that Willie is better Than men who live in town. So I think I will stay in the country. With Dolly, anil Dapple, and Dun ; Perhaps iu the far. sweet summers. They would know should I fail to como. In the dewy-eve, to the pasturi: bars. To lirop them, oue by one. The Grasshoppers* Raid. BY EUDOBA MAY STONE, The 'hoppers came down like a wolf on the fold. Where the com and the wheat fields were emerald and g..ld ; _ And the sheen of their wings was as snow in the sty. When winty clouds gather, and north winds are high. Like the blades of the grass, when the Sunmier la green. The corn and potatoes, at sunrise, were seen ; Like the prairie in Autumn, where tire has swept through. The fields were laid bare ere the falling of dew. And the grasshoppers spread their broad wings to the blast. And ate every tm'uip and beet as they passed ; And the onions and peas that were thrifty at dawn Waved but once in the wind, and forever were gone. And there lay the radish, all scarlet and white. But its " grasshoppered " leaves were a pitiful sight, And there stood the rhubarb, so sadly bereft That, alas ! there was only its skeleton left. The farmers of Otoe are loud in their wail. The ehildren are sad aud the boo ewife is pale; And the corn and the wheat fields, unsmote by the knife. To the Eavenons 'hopper have yielded their life. Fanners will always remain poor so long as they allow others to do their thinking. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. SOME EFFECTS OF THE EXCLUSIVE ONE-CROP SYSTEM. The Georgia State Agricultural Department is doing a good work, in collecting facts and presenting them in a digested form for the consideration of the farmers of that State. Geogia, like other Southern States, is cursed with the one crop system, but instead of that being grain as in California, it is cotton. But that makes no diiference. Either cotton or grain raised exclusively, to be depended upon for everything that is consumed on the farm, is equally extravagant. The one crop must be sold to purchase every:hing else used ; in California even the flour is bought with ■wheat sold in market. The economical plan of farming, is to pro- duce as nearly as possible whatever is de- manded for home use. Of course the sur- plus, whatever it is, should be that which will bring the most money from a given num- ber of acres with the least expenditure of la- bor and money— everything else being equal. In the Southern States, that surplus un- doubtedly should be cotton, as a general thing, In California it may be wheat or barley, hay, stock, fruit or something else, as locality and soil and climate and irrigation facilities may determine, The effect of the one-crop system upon the producer, the so-called farmer, has proved to be most disastrous in the South, and so far as we have observed, it is drifting in that current in CaUfornia. Certainly the most prosperous farmers are those who come as near following a diversified system of farming as their farm will admit of, and those who manage to find something for themselves to do on the farm the whole season. There is no profit in idleness half the year, and no one-crop will give constant employment. Besides, the one-crop farmers are generally in debt, paying enormous profits to the store- keepers who carry them through. Equal to at least 25 to 50 per cent interest. As in a large measui-e applicable to the one-crop system in California, we append the following extract from the report above re- ferred to : " 33 per cent of the cotton crop is virtually sold to pay debts before it is made. " Only 20 per cent of the farmers buy en- tirely for cash, while the 50 per cent who buy on a credit pay at the enormous rate of 4-t per cent per annum interest on what they con- sume, amounting, in the aggregate, in the State of Georgia, to the astonishing sum of $4,250.000— /our and a (/uarkr mlltion dollars paid by the farmers in interest on what they consume. Is it remarkable that farming is not profitable under such a suicidal policy ? No legitimate business can pay 44 per cent per annum on the capital necessary to con- duct it, and live. Another instructive lesson taught by the above answers is the fact that 80 per cent of those who raise their supplies make a profit, while 75 /)t»- cent of those who buy lose money. "The difficulties teach their own lessons, and suggest their own remedies : Experience and these facts teach that, Tall- inn coltim to buy supplies to ra'ise cotton, at pres- ent prices, leads directly to bankruptcy and ruin. That those who raise their own s-upplies make cotton at a profit, and are ]}rosperons. Indeed, correspondents generally report that those who raise their own supplies cannotlose money, if they attend to their business. " Under the present system, six and a half millions of dollars which should go to swell the annual profit of Georgia farmers, find their way into the pockets of others, mostly be- yond the limits of our State, in consequence of the suicidal policy at present pursued, of buying what should be raised at home. Will not our farmers make their farms self-sus- taining— raise their supplies and pocket these profits ? Discard the old habit of boasting of the number of acres planted, the number of plows run, or the number of bales of cotton made, and look well to the number of dollars of clear profit." THE USE OF DRY EARTH. AVe are requested to again call attention to the importance of using dry earth to prevent the bad and dangerous odors and emanations from privies and other accumulations of filth near dwellings. It is undoubtedly a subject of more importance, than any person not con- versant with it would suppose. It is not at all necessary that a foul nuisance should be tolerated, where persons must inhale noxious gasses loaded with the germs of disease and death, and which are foully disagreable as well as repugnant to every delicate sense of cleanliness and decency. And yet, stinking privies are the rule in town and out, and will be probably until prohibited by some legal enactment, as they should be, for the public good. It is no sign of want of intelligence even, to find such a thing close to one's dwelling, but because they have become an institution, as it were, like many other evils which are tolerated, and are too common to elicit either particular thought or comment ; they are passed by as a natural consequence. Now it is the simplest thing in the world to remedy this abomination. The old privy building need not be torn down — and may be even drawn nearer to the house or woodshed. It should in fact be placed in a position where it can be entered in fair weather or foul, night or day, most conveniently by the family. But instead of a vault, have made one or more strong boxes that can be drawn out when filled from the side or back of the privy house and dragged to the vegetable garden or some suitable place for emptying. A board can be so fitted as to slide in place when the empty box is replaced, so that there will be no exposure of interior arrangements. A barrel or other vessel should be p'aced in- side the privy building, to contain pulverized dry earth. In this should be placed a dipper, shovel or scoop, to cover the excrement. Each member of the family should under- stand that it is their duty to always cover at once with the earth. Enough dry earth to absorb all moisture should be used, and it will be found best to not throw liquid slop into the privy boxes, but turn it on to the earth outside ; have a place spaded up where it will be at once absorbed away. This earth will become enriched, and may in time be re- moved to the garden for fertilizing purposes. No family that tries this will be satisfied with a foul smelling privy on the promises again ever. The trouble will bo more than repaid in cleanliness and comfort. The patent earth closets are very nice for house use whore there are invalids and infirm persons, and with proper care arc in no way offensive in any bath or sleeping room. A kerosene can, with top cut out, and the bail of an old pail fastened to it to carry it, makes a good vessel, and a box can be made to contain it with a hinged top with a hole through it, and another lid, also hinged, which can be covered to resemble an ottoman. The box should be long enough to contain another can filled with dry earth, to be used as required. There is no patent on this piece of useful furniture, and any man or boy can make one. Dry earth can now, before the heavy rains, be obtained in any quantity in roads, fields, and almost anywhere. Koad dust is excel- lent. It can be stored in outhouses by the wagon load in large boxes, barrels, etc. It is not only good for the purpose named, but is found to be excellent to use in stables, quite as good as saw dust or tan back. A quantity in a large shallow box for hens to wallow in during the winter, will be found excellent to relieve them of vermin. As a disinfectant and absorbant of putrid odors and matter in sores, dry earth has been found to be very excellent, and medical practitioners have large- ly adopted its use in many cases, where usual remedies are unavailing, and with most grat- ifying results. But of this we only make mention. The virtues of dry earth, as a sanitary agent in privies should commend its use to every lover of decency, and " now is the accepted time." AN ENDORSEMENT. " My faith in its honesty, candor and de- votion to the interests of the farmer strength- ens with every number." As a sample of the many encouraging words we are constantly receiving in private letters from our subscribers, we take the liberty to publish the following : Emtok Agricultukist — Dear Sir : — I en- close herewith. Postal Order, for .$4.00 in pay- ment of amount due on subscription — the balance to be applied in prepayment, after deducting one dollar for "How to Paint," which please forward to my address by mail. I have been weeding out my periodicals, and have struck several from the list, but I could not spare the Agkiccltdbist. My faith in its honesty, candor and devotion to the interests of the farmer, strengthens with every number, and I am only sorry that I cannot say that of other agricultural journals published on this Coast. You have my best wishes for your success, and I remain as ever, a friend to the little monthly. K. G. Dkan. Antioch, Sept. 9, 1875. "A LITTLE MORE GRANGER TOO." The poor "wine-growers" of California, hoping to flounder out of the mud of despond have sought for relief through the grangers. They want to establish Grangers' wine and brandy manufacturies, and to sell their pro- ducts through grange agencies, etc. A little grange sugar is needed to sweeten the busi- ness and make it respectable. Probably the " growers " think that a little grange manip- ulation will make the stuff " as milk for now born babes ' ' and add other virtues fitting it for the use of Christian families, and making California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. it really fit for the Gods ! The alcohol it now contains, which is the one thing that makes it desirable, will be deprived of its druuken- ing qualities or power, and be harmlessly exhilerating and charmingly extatic in its manifold goodness. Partakers thereof can then get glorious without getting drunk, and then growing appetites for something stronger will lead only to a harmless indulgence in a little more granger wine and brandy. WARNING TO IMMIGRANT LAND PURCHASERS. Strangers should understand that so-called immigrant-aid agencies, claiming to be con- nected with the Grangers, or officially created by the State, are frauds, the object of which is to sell the land of private individuals at ex- travagant prices, the agents of the so-called societies participating largely in the profits. The above we clip from the San Francisco Jieal Estate Circular, and endorse it too, al- though some of the " leading " head grangers have, along with the leading grain monopo- list of the Pacific Coast, endorsed Josiah Earle's Grange Agency, notwithstanding the exposure of the Earl " Inyo Grab " and other swindling land complications. We have heard the term, " stealing the livery of the Lord to serve the devil in," applied to many things, and think it might with pertiuauce be used to fit the many cheeky and self-assum- ing people who use the word "granger," to carry out schemes of imposition to feather their own nests. We think it high time to cry out against such abases, and so far as we are concerned, we have seen enough to make us look with suspicion on any branch of business that bases itself upon the word " granger." We are not by any means fighting against grange principles, we believe in them in their highest interpretation ; but that class of mid- dle men who are natural suckers, and who wedge themselves in to parasitically (feed up- on the confidence and credulity of honest people, whom they deceive by false preten- tions and by misrepresentations, we have neither love nor respect for. We advise such as would avoid middle men, to deal directly with first parties in land and other matters. And further, that if they seek to transact business through agents— as is often the most convenient and best way — to look for such men as are able to honestly stand upon their own merits, and who have too much honor and human modesty to sail under any pat- ronizing flag. We would louldly warn emigrants, and others, to keep a sharp eye on all pretenders. The most villianous land sharks in existance can be found iu California. OF WHAT ADVANTAGE IS IT? We are asked of what benefit to farmers is the so-called "Grangers' Bank?" Can a farm- er iu need obtain money on any more favora- ble terms from this bank than from others ? Will they require any less mortgage or se- curity, and will the giving of such security cost less than at other banks ? Will the Grangers' Bank iu a measure lower the rates of interest so as to encourage industry, and more nearly equalize the powers of capitol and la- bor instead of bolstering up speculation and usury 1 Now these questions are certainly to the point, but with the best iuforaiation we can get on the subject, we cannot give u favor- able reply. The money in the Grangers' Bank is furnished by stock-holders, who expect to get as good, or better returns than through any other source. The bankers are bound to favor themselves and their stockholders and depositors in preference to anybody else. The saying that "corporations have no souls," looses none of its significance when applied to the Grangers' Bank. The name, and the means of acquiring capital, have given to the bank and bankers power which they could not well have acquired without it. The poor " grangers " have to carry a big load when they shoulder banks owned by am- bitious individuals and controlled so as to make money out of the people ; and real es- tate offices conducted on the same selfish principle, and business concerns that are looking more to their own profits than to any- bodys else good. An unselfish co-operative concern, con- ducted upon a code of principles that are truly equitable and in the fullest sense co- operative, would undoubtedly be of much benefit to the people who might patronize it. Anything less than that is not, as we can see, much improvement over the old ways of doing business. If we are mistaken in our estimate, we would like to be set right in the matter. STARVING STOCK AND BURNING STRAW. We see by our exchanges that feed is get- ting so short on the sheep ranges in Tulare county that many thousands of sheep are in danger of starvation. It has been the prac- tice of grain-growers in that vicinitj' to burn straw — thousands of tons of it every season, instead of stacking it for the use of stock. To be sure the grain-growers and sheep- breeders are different persons; but is it not equally as disastrous to burn the straw as though straw and sheep all belonged to the same person? If care was taken to save the straw in the valleys, it would feed, in dry seasons and in winter, all the stock that the mountains could pasture during Spring and Summer. Straw in stack a dozen years old is better for stock than new straw, and we believe it would pay any grain-grower to stack his straw for stock, and when it is need- ed sell in stack to sheep and cattle herders. Is it not a crime to destroy feed by fire, and starve stock for the want of it? A School Girl's Idea. — Grace Hunter writes to the iS(. yicliolas for August: " I want to tell the girls something. It is aboTit a good use for the frames of old um- brellas, sTinshades or parasols. You just open them, strip ofi' the silk, sharpen the handle to a point, and thrusting them open in the ground let them serve as trellises for %-ints. Last Summer we girls had a lovely sweet-pea vine growing over mother's old parasol frame and a balloon vine training over father's old castaway umbrella. They were lovely." " I have lost flesh, " said a topper to his companion. "No great loss was the reply, since you made it up in spirits." FAR]]j[ LABOR IN CALIFORNIA. We have several times expressed our opin- ion on the subject of farm labor and laborers in California. The following from the Sun- day Clironick gives a very correct idea of the general condition of things as at present ex- isting. What is said contrasting our labor- system with old-time slavery is not ovir idea, but the balance we think not overdrawn: The system of farm labor in California is undoubtedly the worst iu the United States. It is bad for the farmers themselves, and worse, if possible, for those whom they em- ploy. In many respects it is even worse than old-time slavery, 'fhat, at least, enabled the planter to know what labor he could depend upon in any emergency, and made the labor- ers certain, at all times, of shelter, clothing, food and fire. Our system does neither. The farmer must take such help as he can get — hunting it up when most hurried, and paying whatever is demanded. The laborers them- selves, knowing they cannot be permanently employed, demand high prices, ^lo their work carelessly, and start out on a tramp for an- other job. Under our system, largo numbers of men are wanted for a short time — more than any ordiuary farmhouse can accommo- date, even if the employer dare trust so many strangers within his walls, or admit them into his famUy circle. The result is that la- borers are compelled to sleep in barns, out- houses, or in the open fields. In this climate that is no hardship, it is true, but the prac- tice leads to uncleanliness, carelessness of ap- pearance and recklessness of conduct. Men seem thus to have been thrown outside of so- cial influences, and even if at the outset pos- sessing good impulses and habits, they be- come in a short time desperate, degraded and criminal and perhaps uU three. They are no worse than almost any others would be- come under similar influences. They are shut out from all the purifying inflnences of soci- ety and home as efl'ectually as so many sailors or soldiers. What wonder is it, then, that five out of six in the class of farm laborers, unemployed for half the year, .become worth- less, drunken and dissolute tramps and out- casts? There is no condition in life more un- favorable to the morals of men than that which great numbers of our farm laborers oc- cupy. They annually squander in dissipa- pation, and generally do it in a few weeks, all they have earned, and hang around the towns and cities the rest of the year, hunting odd jobs and living, pecuniarily, from hand to mouth — not seldom by charity. There are exceptions we know. Here and there a man having sterner stuff or more intelligence in him than the rest, will rtse above the wretch- ed position that he holds and become a use- ful citizen. But that system is certainly a bad one that subjects laboring men to such degrading and damaging influences. And yet, bad as it is, and as intelligent farmers admit it to be, we see no jjresent remedy. When our farms become something else than wheat fields and are made to produce a greater vari- etv of crops, requiring labor at all seasons, the owners can furnish steady employment to thousands who are now compelled to be mere tramps under the pressure of dire necessity. Until that time comes we see no prospect of of any improvement in the condition of farm laborers. ■»'■*■ The other day I was planing a boartl, and by accident planed one shaving the wrong way of the grain. Of course the surface was left rough. Turning the board. I noticed that it took more than rne driving of the plane to ■■et the surface smooth again. It was neces- sary to go over and over again. "There," thought I, "is life illustrated. One wrong stroke cuts deeply and roughly. An evil deed eats like a cancer. Long, weary years hardly efl'ace the errors of a day." "Q-- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. I fiJonrspontlrnft. Letter from a Lady-Canvasser. ■I Fldmk Camp, Santa Cruz, Sept. 7th, 1875. Deae Heekino: — Bright and early yester- day nioruiug Pony and I left Santa Cruz with a roll of the ' ' Agriculturists, ' ' for a canvass- ing trip up in the vicinity of Felton. The new railroad was met, or rather first came iu sight at a point some ninety feet above tho road on the left, immediately opposite Mr. Peyton's fine residence which is in process of completion, above the powder works crown- ing the hill on the right. So gradual is the rise on this delightful road, that it seems al- most incredible that the level so indispensa- ble for railway travel can be maintained with the road at first so far up on the mountain side, and then crossing the road several times on trestle work, finally on a level, then grad- ually winding far below, following the bank of a stream till several times lost amid the growth of foliage, which seems like under- brush ; then approaching nearer in view, pass- ing through a short tunnel and coming into Felton side by side with us. Here, leaving the well-watered road, with its cool shade of lofty trees which made the ride so enjoyable, we passed on through tho dust toward Flume Camp. Ujiou leaving the terminus of the railroad, tho flume became the chief feature of the landscape, with its high scaffolding lifting it at times above 90 feet from the surface of the land or stream, and again coming down to level ground and laid in cuts to the depth of ten or fifteen feet. It is a wonderful enterprise and the project- ors deserve much credit, and will doubtless reap a rich reward. Flume Mill is located fifteeu miles away, from whence .lumbej is floated, as fast as sawn, for completing the structure. A mile out of Feton I found the camp where the employees were fed and sheltered, and near by rose the white tent of our friend. He was busy on the Flume, but his delicate wife and sunny-haired May (a child of nine years) were revelling in the sunshine of their novel home, gaining health and strength ev- ery day, by the natural appetite and resting sleep resulting from a life iu the open air. Anxious to explore still farther before the heat of the day, we followed on over tho dusty road till Lorenzo was reached. This was the town which sprang into existence, mushroom- like; when the Flume enterprise was first un- dertaken. A blacksmith's shop, store and post-office, hotel and saloon form the nucleus of a town in these parts, and by the noise of saw and hammer resounding on every side, one is impressed with tho idea of growth and prosperity for this new settlement, to super- sede the already well-establishi^d town of Boulder Creek, a few miles beyond. Just at "The Forks" stands the Temper- ance House, kept by a former San Francisco merchant who, preferring tho wild mountain life, has built himself a home in the wilder- ness. It was here I partook of an excellent din- ner and formed the aci|uaintance or one of your former patrons, who willingly renewed his subscriptiou and paid the Califoknia Ati- EiouLTUHisT a compliment most gratifying to hear. The list of new subrcribers accompany- ing this letter is largely to be credited to as- sistance of its staunch friends. Wondering what there might be to attract custom to a Temperance House in a locality where stimulating drinks are considered so es- sential to happiness, I ventured to suggest to the proprietor that thei)re8ence of good books and papers, pictures and the hke might aid iu rendering his house more attractive to all. He r^i)lied that there was no need of anything of the kind to call custom to his place, for even the drinking sort preferred a quiet place to get a comfortable meal and undisturbed rest at night. Here, then, is encouragement to inn-keep- ers whose consciences are alive to the harm done by spirituous liquors. Temperance is defined as the moderate indulgence; but among a people who cannot discriminate between Buificient and over-indulgence, prohibition be- comes necessary. Hence, the word Temper- ance is made to mean Prohibition, since it is better to restrict the appetite for anything *hich acts Uke poison to the living orguu- ism. Coming back to camp and partaking of a sumptuous meal in the open-air dining-hall, which was adorned on every side with the most inviting landscapes, we wondered at our former in-door contentment, when here all nature was so calm and peaceful, with noth- ing to disturb the perfect harmony which pre- vailed. The moon shone calmly down upon us as we sat about the camp-fire, relating experi- ences and exchanging views on various sub- jects, till the feeling of drowsiness warned us it was time for sleep. And thus ended the first day's exploits at Flume Camp. E. R. Van V, Weeds as Water Purifiers. Mr. J. J. Mechi writes as follows to the London Ai/ricaltiiral Gazette : Into my pond runs a stream of twenty-five gallons per min- ute of pure water from a dram which I cut twelve feet deej) some thirty odd years ago. Weeds will grow and thrive in this pond, and we have annually to take ont large quantities of them. They look verj' beautiful as they grow in the pellucid water, whii'h is used for household purposes. Said a visitor to me one day : "If you had a jiair of swans, your pond would be free of weeds ;" so a kind friend presented me with a pair, and very soou they cleared the pond, pulling the weeds up by the roots and feeding on them. My family were delighted with the graceful swans and the removal of tho weedy obstructions to boating ; but although the pond was free of weeds, the water was no longer pure and pellucid, but most decidedly muddy in taste, and when the steam issued from the kettle, the smell of mud was unmistakable. Well, no one thought it could be the swans, but at last I came to the conclusion, and, despite family and other remonstrances, returned them to their original owner. After a short j)eriod the w'ceds reappeared, and as they in- creased in bulk, the water gradually assmued its pellucidity and purity, and " Richard was himself again." What the weeds do for the water aud its occupants the land vegetation does for the air ; men, animals and other liv- ing creatures poison it, while vegetation ab- sorbs the injinious gases, itnd reconverts them into wholesoiue food and fuel for man aud beast, lilliug the atmosphere wfth that pre- ci(jus oxygen without which meu and aniu>ids and other living creatures could no longer ex- ist. So it is iu the vast ocean, whose living occupants aud vegetation probably exceed in quantity that which is on land. We owe to the river vegetation much of the purity of water. It is the excess of impurities from our towns which are beyond its powers of ap- propriation. Leverrior has discovered another planet, which is his sixth. ffi^ditciitional Coin^ ^o School. l^i^H, the going to school m my girlhood, In tlie little red HcboulbMuee ko low I By the llower-Hiirinkk-d ixithwuy in summer, Iu winter o'er crisit-iJriUt-d himiw. Oh. the freedoui from care and from trouble I There's to h;arninK no royal road. Yet the old-fanhioned country children I'heir way right royally trode. How brimful of fun and frolic, A8 well an of study were we I MyHchuohuateB—blaek-haired, brown and golden Mem"ry faithfully pictures to me, Hnw we played on the grass 'ueath the maples. In the noonings, or down the green lane Went in search of sui'h berries delicious As we never shall gather again I How we doubted the wisdom of teachers. Nor grtw quite as wise as we might, Our eyes from the page playing truant, To the elnver-tifld blossoming bright. When four o'clock came— Oh, how welcome I— Farewell then to lessen and book. How often we lingered home-going To lave our brown feet in the brook I Oh, how well-rcHicmbered the school-room. The desks and the benches so high I The wiuduws, all guiltless of shutters. Ah well ! but those days have gone by. Yts. e'en the red Bchoolhouse has vaaished ; At the new one ueath sheltering trees There is teaching, with " modern improvemeDtB." Were the former times better than these ? And my schoolmates, likeautumn leaves scattered. And fioiue of them— lying as low, Beneath costly tribute of marble ; Ovi'T some, the forget-me-nots grow. Aud the living— the lub'riug, the loving, The hands and the huarts that are full— We arc learning full many a lesson — We are scholars still going to school. And when the long school day is finished, " Life's sun sinking low in the west," Glad children, with hope undiminished, May we seek our home joys and home rest. If we linger awhile by the wayside, We'll still keep sweet home'in fair sight At the gate, with " we'll meet in the morning," Sweetly bid our companions " Good night.*' Educational Notes. In the great work of educating the youth of this nation, there is no teaching so badly needed as the teaching of the teachers them- selves. Not that the teachers as a class are not a very intelligent portion of community ; not that they would not couiparo favorably with any other class, whether considered morally, socially, or intellectually ; but that as a rule, they do not reach the standard their vocation demands and implies — thut they as a class, need more intellectual capacit}', auu will have more from Gbandfathee. CRANDFATHER'S LETTERS— NO. I. Something About Married Life. Dear Jewell:— I cannot but feel thankful that one has stepped forward to apologize for, and in a measure excuse, that boorishness in husbands of which "Esmeralda" has but too much cause for just complaint. On read- ing " Esmeralda's " letter it brought to mind my earlier days, and with it self-conviction and a wish that I could do something, say something, to make things better in this par- ticular, and your expression, "hoping to hear from the other SOX on this subject," encour- ages me not only to think but to say. Not but that I may expect the editor will cast this into the waste-paper box, from having somo- A Contrast. Eds. Ar.KicuLTUisT and Live Stock JottR- nal:— I picked up my scrap-book yesterday and saw this piece which 1 thought worthy of reproduction : " I was out walking the other day, when I noticed, among other things, one of those pit- iful sights that I am sorry to say are so coui- mon in this State— a jioor, lone bachelor's cabin. Poor, did I say ? He may be rich. Yesterday, perhaps, he picked up a ten-pound nugget. His pocket may bo lined with gold. That fifty-vara lot his shanty stands on may bo worth a fortune, as fmtunes go in this world. Yet see him alone, sweeping his floor, watching his bacon over that fire in the cor- ner, rough aud shaggy are his clothes, and a desolate, homeless look haunts his cabin like a genius of evil, the wind moans through his California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. cracks, the windows are greasy and broken and the spiders weave their dirty webs there — he is poor if that is his wealth. Further on is a nice little cottage, half-hid- den by the fast-growing trees, surrounded by pyramids of bright-tinted flowers that offer their sweetness a free gift to the wind ; how grateful their perfume, like incense ascend- ing from the altar of home. As I stood by, admiring, a bright little girl came up and in- quired, "should she pick me some flowers?" '• One or two, if you please;" and the white- armed little angel flew urnund through the beds, picking whole handfuls of roses and jessamines and the sweet-scented balm, and with au innocent smile came and offered them over the gate. I have no comments to make. The two pictures speak for themselves — only this: California's hopes are her homes. Like her drifting sands the lone ones float away, but her granite hills are not more firm than hearth-stones where the Lares and the Pen- ates are placed. California homes are the bulwarks of the State." Ida. g0mc$tic. A Successful Remedy for Vermin on Fowls. Editoes Agriultukist : — After reading the close of "Snip's" " Familar Talks," I am inclined to give you a little of my experience with vermin in chicken-houses. I began to keep chickens with the belief that claanliness was all that was required, and to that end I kept a pot of whitewash always ready, and my nests were coated thick with it, but the pests increased and multiplied. This year I had the nests all taken away, leaving a broad shelf running around the house. On that I put new nests made of five-gallon kerosene cans with the side cut out and pounded smoothly down so as not to be sharp. These can be often cleaned, but my remedy for the vermin is carbolic acid. I tried sulphur, but did not think it was of any nse, though I think itisw°ell to feed occasiouallyduring Sum- mer. I use the carbolic acid as it comes for sheep-wash, merely diluting with water. I sprinkle the chicken-house and nests, and once in a while have the roosts brushed over with it, and so far this year I have not been troubled with vermin at all. Perhaps if "Snip " will try this remedy she will be bet- ter satisfied, so you can publish this letter if you choose. Respectfully, Mes. Josie p. Hill. Injurious Management of ' Dishes. — A good set of dishes will last for ages, if prop- erly handled. We have heard of an excellent housekeeper whose bridal dishes, thirty years old, are in excellent condition to-day, al- though they have been in use every week, more or less, during all the time alluded to. In a common dinner service it is a great evil to make the plates too hot, as it invariably cracks the glaze on the surface, if not the plate itself. We all know the result. It comes apart. Nobody broke it. "It was cracked before" or "cracked a long time ago." The fact is, that when the glaze is in- jured, every time the "things" are washed the water gets to the interior, swells the porous eliy, and makes the whole fabric rotten. In this condition they will also absorb grease and when exposed to further heat the grease makes the dishes brown and discolored. If au old, ill-used dish be made very hot indeed, a teaspoonful of fat will be seen to exude from the minute fissures upon its surface. That nation that loses her liberty is not aware of her misfortune at the time, any more than the patient is who receives a paralytic stroke. He who first tells either of them ■what has happened is repulsed as a simpleton or a churl. Domestic Comfort. ^O'lESIDE thn fire Bat Farnwr John, One blusttTiug winter night ; BeKiile the farmer Hat hi8 wife, Whoet; hnitliui^ needles bright. Flew iu auJ out througii the woulen Bocka Of cluuded blue uml white. " Ti8 a tedious night'" quoth Farmer John ; •• I'm glad I tlxed that shed, It'H Bueh a nice place for the sheep — It Bheltera every head ; There'B not a critter out in the Btorm, And everything ia fed." " It is a comfort," said his wife ; *' And I am thanktul, too. That 1 have got those mittens done For both the boys and you, And thatthe girls have good, warm clothes, From hood to overshoe. *' I wonder what I should have done, If you hatt proved to bo A drunken sot, like Jiuuny Stone, Who married Susie Lee ; You know she was the prettiest girl Iu all the town of G — . " Her children sleep to-night in beds With covering scant and thin. And through the shingles old and worn The snow comes sifting in. While ours are tucked up snug and warm, From toe to rosy chin." *' You needn't lay it all to me," Said John, with loving pride, " If you had been a shiftless jade, Like Mary Ann UcBride, Who spends the half her time abroad — And the other half beside — *' I do not dare to think how sad Our fate might be to-night ; The children hungry, and half-clad. Myself a ragged fright. And everything about the house In a disordered plight.'* And in his heart he blessed the wife Who had tilled his life with cheer — And she thanked Gud for the husband true Who made her home so dear ; And both were glad for the little ones, Iu warm beds sleeping near. A Few Little Things. My entire household, including the hired girl, is full of satisfaction to-night over the fact that I have just driven the ax-handle firmly into the ax and wedged it there, so that it cannot under any circumstance come ont. It may read like a small matter to you, but do you know that that helve had been loose for nearly five years ? Yes, for five years that ax has flung itself across the yard whenever I struck a heavy blow, leaving the helve in my hand, and I suppose I have de- cided more than thousand times to go in and get a hammer and chisel and fasten the helve in. I was thrown and had my arm broken by the ax flying ottj two hired girls had their noses broken, we spoiled the stove-boilers, nearly killed three boys, and yet I didn't get around to fix the ax until to-day. Foster was telling me the other day that he had finally glued that knob on to the bureau drawer, and he seemed greatly relieved. I remember when that knob was knocked off —almost seven years ago. I was helping him move the bureau when the accident oc- curred, and I never was iu the house after- ward without hearing Mrs. Foster say : "Come, Henry, haven't you got tim^ to fix that knob on this evening 'i'" "Yes, Martha," he would reply, and yet it was seven years before he got at it. Seven or eight years ago, my neighbor, Mr. Goodwin, found a cow among his cab- bages one day, and in driving her out she jumped over the gate and broke one of the hinges. He went in and got a hammer, screw-driver and screws to repair damages, but his wife called him into breaktast just then. After breakfast he hadn't time, and so it ran along until the other day. He passed through the gate an average of five times per day for about seven yeaes, or thirteen thous- and times iu all, and he had .lifted it up, carried it around and bothered for half a minute each time. Thirteen thousand times he said to himself that he would fix that con- founded gate, and yet he didn't do it until the other day. Some twelve or thirteen years ago I was taking dinner with Turner, over on Adams avenue, and his wife called attention to the fact that she had that day broken the handle of her big seven pound flat-iron, and that she must get another. The other day I met her on the street, and she told me she had re- placed the flat-iron at last. For thirteen years, fifty-two times per year, she had used that broken handled iron to smooth down her washing, and every time she had said to her- self that she would go up town next day and order a new one. Bristow died last week. We were warm friends, and I was with him to the last. Af- ter he had called the family up one by one, and shaken hands and said good-bye, I saw that there was yet something on his mind. I admonished him to trust me if he had a dying request, and he grasped my hand and replied; " I've been trying to find time for the last seventeen years to take the butcher knife down to the shop and have it ground, and if it wouldn't be asking to much of you, I wish you'd see to it !" I promised him, but it may be twenty years before I get the knife to the shop, and ten years before I call for it. I can remember when old Mrs. Baglej' died. She had a china teapot in her house which had belonged to her grandmother, but she had always kept it in the drawer because the handle was broken and wanted cementing. She gave the teapot to a neighbor, who waited five years for a bottle of cement, then four years more to find time, and finally knocked the spout off while trying to mend the handle. I don't suppose any of us would forget the day a note was due, but if -the knot) should drop off a chamber door, I expect that George Francis Train might be elected President be- fore we would find time to replace it. — Ex, Mismanaged AVokk in the Kitchen. — I think there is more in knowing how to man- age than there is in anything else about house- keeping. How many, many housekeepers just spend half their time in mismanaged work, never accompUshing one-half what they might do if they would just do a little think- ing and contriving along with their work. Then they wouldn't have to spend so much of their time in fuming and sweating, and in envying others, who they think are more favored than themselves. Now I think I shall tell you right here of one of this kind of workers that I had a chance of obserii-ing one morning last NovembeT. I entered the kitch- en at 8 o'clock, and there were the unwashed breakfast dishes sitting upon the table, and Nora was bending over the stove trjing to re- kindle the fire that had almost gone out ; she succeeded in getting it to burn, and then put her dish water on to heat, sitting down until it got warm enough ; washed the dishes, very slovenly about it, or at least it wouldn't have satisfied me to see our dishes put away in that manner. Well, by the time the dishes were all put by, the fire had died out ; so, af- ter the sweeping was done the fire was re- kindled, and the irons put on in a cold heater, the clothes brought from the room, all un- folded, and piled upon two chairs : the iron- ing quilt spread upon the wet table where the dishes had just been washed, and then Nora sat down to rest until the irons were hot. Now, if I or any of our family had been do- ing that morning's work, the clothes would have all been nicely folded away ready for ironing the evening before. Then our water would have been ready for washing the dishes as soon as breakfaet was eaten, for we always keep a pot of good, soft water on the back of the stove on purpose for dishwashing, &c., and the fire would not have been allowed to die out, but while we were eating, the iron i, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. heater wouKl have been oil the stove getting hot ; then, while the dishes were being washed the irons would be heating, and as soon as the sweeping and dusting were through with the ironing would have been completed in one-third the time that Nora's was. I don't see why more women don't think of these things, and try managing right. — Carrie Lee in Oin. Times. Recipes from "Jewell." Ceeam Ckisps. — Take a pint of graham flour and mix with two table spoonsfull sour cream and water enough to make a dough, roll and cut in diamonds, crossing with a knife on top, bake and eat warm or cold — delicious. How TO Gkt the Seeds out of Gkapes when Canning. — Put your grapes, after washing and pulling from the stems, in a milk pan with a little water, cover, and let them scald when they will burst ; then take them off and seating yourself, take a large spoon and stir gently and shake up from the bottom, when the seeds will drop out and you can dip with the spoon from the top into another pan, return to the fire and when boiling can. Ladies Fingeks, — One-half pound of pow- dered sugar, one-fourth pound of flour, four eggs, whites and yolks beaten separately and very stiff. Drop upon buttered writing paper in long nan-ow cakes, and not too close — bake to a light brown. Try one and if it runs, beat a while longer and add more flour. Kisses. — Beat the whites of four eggs, add four cups of powdered sugar slowly, season with lemon, dip wiiting paper in very cold ■water and drop the mixture on not too close ; try one and if not stiff enough, beat a little longer and add more sugar ; bake to a light brown. I will add also the following, selected from my months reading of other journals : To Cook Mdtton. — Every week or two we ki!l a mutton. I roast it all. I put it in the oven in a large bakepan, put it in water, cook till eleven ; turn it over twice ; everyone who eats a mutton here says it is the best they ever ate. At eleven o'clock take out the mut- ton, fill the pan full of potatoes and bake them, thicken the gravy, and you need little else for a dinner fit for a — well, anybody. Kings are no better than we are. To Preserve Lemons Fresh. — Slice them as thin as possible, and put into a nice sweet jar wfth alternate layers of sugar and lemon ; remove all the seeds, have each layer entirely covered with sugar ; tie a thick cloth over the jar before putting the cover on, so as to ex- clude all the air. I have kept them perfectly fresh for a year in this way. To Bake Ham. — Most people boil ham. It is much better baked, if baked right. Souk for an hour in clean water and wipe dry. Next spread it all over with thin butter and then put it in a deep dish with sticks under it to keep it out of the gravy. When it is fully done take off the skin and matters crusted on the flesh side and set away to cool. For Skirts, etc. — Place two ounces of fine white gum arable powder in a pitcher and ])our on it a jiint of water ; then cover and let it stand all night. In the morning pour it carefull}' from the dregs into a clean bottle and cork it and keep for use. A teaspoonful of gum water stirred in a pint of starch made in the usual manner, will give to lawns, either white or printed, a look of newness when nothing else can restore them after they are Four and Twenty Different Birds Baked In a Pie. [The namps of twenty-four birds are found in tlie following liueB:] "' ? N old woman went to the mart In haeto In a scarlet cape, a cocked hat laced. In her hand a crook; and she said, " Well, I say. How lucky it is this is market day!" She had over two miles from her home to speed. And with awkward stepH she went fast, indied. " My sons want a pin as larue art can bo, And a bravo, noble pie they bhall have," quoth she. She, In a panic, ran ever so quickly. Where the ground with rushes was coverod thickly; So quick, I tell you, she ran that she Fell in nettles quite up tu the knee. Just where one can a rye-field espy, And through the oak-tree a gleam of blue sky. There fell the dame — " liitter nuts, I must sayl Who thought of laming one's self in this way?" Her heArt did throb in dismay and fear, A fall doth befall conceit, that is clear. This comes of being roused, for vanity's Bake, A regular kingly party to make. At length up she scrambled. How rent was her gown! " Too late, all too late I shall be in the town? To go, O severely my letis it will try, Yet a parsnip, eggs, bacon and birds I must buyl" However, she managed to hobble away, And for twenty-four birds her money did pay; In a wonderful pie then the birds she did cook. You will find all their names in these lines. If you look' — [Youth's Companion. 1 m p Letters From the roung Folks. Dear Uncle Ben: — Maybe I'm not too old to write to you, though I had much rather the space allotted to the "Boys and Girls" be filled with letters from their own hands. By making your request known among the young folks, two letters have come to hand to be forwarded to you with the promise of more. Think of a boy of twelve receiving twenty dollars a month for five months steady employment, to enable him to assist his wid- owed mother and her younger children! I promised to see that he received a copy of the paper containing his letter to encourage him in writing again, knowing that improve- ment to the young folks is your chief aim in inviting their correspondence. Hoping the children in your vicinity are anxious to fol- low the example so nobly set for them, and that they will continue to swell the column devoted to them to its utmost limits, I am ever your friend and well-wisher, W. Santa Cruz, Sept., 1875. Dear Uncle Ben : — I am glad that you want all the little children to write to you. I am a little boy twelve years old. I have been working for this Flume camp for five months. There are some very high trestle-works here. The highest place is ninety feet; and there are some very deep cuts in the ground. I help the cook. I have to cut all the wood that he burns. I and my brother work to get money to support my mother and my other younger brothers stay at homa. This is all I can say this time. George A. Notlex. ^ear Uncle Ben : — Mamma says you like to have little girls and boys write to you, so I thought I would tell you about camping out. Sometimes I go paddling in the flume. Some- times, when other little girls and boys come to see me, we all go paddling in the San Lo- renzo creek. My pa[>a works on the Flume. One day we all had a long ride in it; it was nice fun. I like to camp out because I don't have so many dishes to wash. I ,\m nine years old, but I can't write very good because I never went to school only three m(mths. I say niy lessons to uiy niaimiia now. There is one little girl and three little boys that come to our camp, and mamma hears their lessons, too. My auntie's horse stepped on my foot. At first I thought I was most dead, but it's got most well again. Cant stop to write any more this time. Good-bye. From May E. Peekins. Flume Camp, near Felton. Dear Uncle Ben: — I don't know how to write for a paper. I am a country boy now, used to live in town. I like the country now better than when I first left the town. I do not see so many people now, but have got used to it, and think it real nice to learn all about horses, and cows, and pigs and things. I have given a name to every one of them, and they seem to know their names. To me they are all like so many people. They aU have different dispositions, too, and are just as much like folks as anybody. I want to tell you about old Dingy and her calf Spriggy. Spriggy and I have lots of fun running around the corral. Old mother Din- gy is between a red and yellow sort of faded out color, but she is a kind old cow and gives rich milk. We never let her calf suck at all, but make it drink. It learned by sucking our fingers in a pail of milk. I milk old Dingy, aud she thinks I am her calf. She will moo after me and lick my coat-sleeve when I go to her to milk her. The little bossy, Spriggy, thinks I am his mother ! I always feed him now. I have budded some rose-bushes and they are alive. Next Spring 1 am going to learn how to graft our orchard. I could tell you lots more about a heap of things. I will be thirteen next month. I go to school seven months in the year, and ride a horse to school. Goodbye. Harey. My Dear Uncle Ben :—l thought I would write to let you know how we are getting along. We are all well except my youngest brother, who has the toothache. We had a great time the other night getting a coon out of a tree, but not until he had killed three chickens. My father got the gun and culled us up; wc hela the light and he shot it through the head. This makes three he has killed in the dooryard. The dogs like the fun, after the coons are half dead, to shako them. We have a fine lot of water-melons. They go very good, as we have no other fruit. We received those copy-books the day our school closed. Many thanks from us all. I had thirteen head-marks; the rest had six. We are all going up on the side of a moun- tain to get a load of fossil shells for our chickens. I wish you were here to go wi(h us. I know you would kill a deer, besides lots of other game. My father is almost ready {'• start, so I «uust close. Goodbye for this time. Lyman Ross. LoMPOc, Sept. 6th. Little Folks' Dictionary. A writer in the Schoolday Mwjazine has gatli- ered together the following dictionary wonls, as defined by certain small people hero and there : Back-biter — a flea. Bed-time — Shut-eye time. Dust — Mud with the juice all squeezed out. Fan — X thing to brush the warm oft' with. Fins — A fish's wings. Ice — Water that stayed out in the cold aud went to sleep. Monkey — A very little boy with a tail. Nest-egg — The egg that the old heu meas- ures by to make new ones, Pig — A hog's little boy. Salt — What makes your potatoes taste bad when you don't put it on. Snoring— Ijetting off sleep. Snow — Rain nil popped out white. Stars --The moon's eggs. Trunk (of an elephant) — His front fail. Wakefulness — Eyes all the time coming un- buttoned. A small catechism — Kittenchism. -s*r!*i CALIFORNfA AaRICULTURIST AND LiVE StOCK JoURNAL. (S jiaicttic. Two Ways of Dressing Our Babies. BY " JEWKLL." pWmifc hers let me describe the clothes given me to put on a new born baby not long ago. In the first place, the flannel band was hemmed each side and at each end; it had been used before, and having shrunken was thick and stiff. Then a linty thin, tine linen shirt, no sleeves but lace, the same style our grandmothers used ages ago —long enough to go twice about the body — but intended to be folded before and behind. Then a flannel pinning blanket with broad band double, of new cotton cloth, long enough to reach once and a half about the child. Then a flannel skirt with same sort of band, a white skirt, band ditto, and to slip over that a calico double gown, and then a blanket to wrap about the childs head ! Now friends, this is no fancy picture as you know. I have dressed scores of infants in the same way, with more or less to put on. Once all they gave me was a blanket, very short, a fine linen shirt, a pinning blanket that did not reach around the body of the child, he being larger than the previous one, and a white nightgown ; nothing over the arms or neck but one thick- ness of cotton cloth, while the body had six thicknesses, and one of them flannel. In the first case, there were 13 thicknesses of clothing about the abdomen and three over the arms and neck ! No wonder our babies cry and worry, making them the laughing stock of the world — and their parents ner- vous and weary with unnecessary care. By dressing the extremities too thin and the bowels too warm you induce the blood to flow and remain where it is the warmest, acting' as a prevalent cause of inflamation of the bowels, a disease quite frequent among in- fants in consequence of bad clothing to a great degree — what else more likely to give a nursing infant cholera infantum? unless indeed it be the mother taking very improper food and drink while nursing the baby. And now I will tell you how to make clothes that will dress baby comfortably, and be convenient to piit on or off : First the band (only to be worn the first two months and put on loosely) should not be hemmed, and should be made of new flannel. Then a long sleeved, high necked knit shirt, of fine sason wool — any mother could knit one in less time than she could make one of those gossamer linen shirts — and baby is warm and soft as in down ; then a high necked, long sleeved flannel waist buttoned behind or before, and on that a pinning blanket is buttoned or a white petticoat or flannel one if you wish ; over all is a flannel slip or night gown. If it is winter and you have to take baby through draughts, an excellent plan is to have a long sacque of plaid flannel with hood at- tached, with elastic about face of hood which can be slipped on or off as you need it. The sacque buttoning down the front keeps baby perfectly wrapped, and is very convenient if an older child or husband were to tend baby while you are busy, as they are sure to get all the blankets and fixings on a baby about its head in an honest endeavor to keep it warm. This latter style of dressing baby gives four thicknesses over the body and three about the arms and neck, which is in right proportion. The arguments in favor of its general use are many and good. First, it is easier made ; second, less expensive; third, more easily put on the child; and fourth, is more comfortable and healthful — net one of which will apply to the old style. Dr. Warren, of Boston, once said that •' that city sacrificed 900 babies everj' year by not clothing their arms. Most of the babies brought to me at the dispensary were im- properly clothed. The arms are usually ex- posed— the legs often, and a thick bandage is frequently tightly drawn around the abdo- men. These errors in clothing are almo.st as bad in their effects as errors in diet— espe- cially in a climate so changeable as the Amer- ican. The dress should never form a ligature about any portion of the body, since it inter- rupts circulation and promotes congestion," etc. Dr. Garrish siys he always recommends mothers to put soft flannel shirts on their children, summer and winter as a protection against changes of temperature. Flannel is the best article to put on infants, for if it gets wet it is still warm and comfort- able. Don't be afraid of keeping your ba- bies too warm. They thrive best when warm and quiet; but give them plenty of fresh air. They sleep twice as long out of doors under a tree as in a close room in the cradle. Try it. < • ■ Mothers, Save Your Children I BY NELL VAN. Let any person, who is at all familiar with the laws of health, look around on the girls of America and observe how many of them reach the age of twenty in the lull enjoyment of earths richest blessing. We find among them be»uty of complexion, fine eyes and hair ; white teeth and slender forms, but robust health is a rarity. Why is it ? Can any one account for the fact that the young California Indian girls (Greasers as they are called) who are taken from their semi-barbaric life and transplanted into the household of civilization, in a few years droop and die ? Mark the difference between the children of one family in health and activity. The boys live out doors after they step into the pantaloon age. They climb trees, they chase poultry, they shout and expand their lungs. They roll hoop, play ball, and when older they hunt, fish, swim, and altogether enjoy a life of freedom from restraint. Their clothes fit loosely and give full play to all their muscles, besides covering the body and limbs equally. Who ever hears of such boys having cold feet ? The girls of the family are found within doors most of the time at- tending to domestic concerns, sweeping car- pets and breathing dust, cooking or breathing the fumes of cooking. Sometimes sewing or playing the piano between the intervals of study. When they go out they are dressed in the priivailing mode, and the last word from " Mamma " is a reminder to be careful and not tumble the clean dress. In fact, from earliest childhood girls are made sensible of the weight of responsibility imposed by their dress. Then how imperfectly does custom clothe our girls. I saw a mother making flannel under suits for her little daughter. They were cut low- necked and short-sleeved, with edges scalloped with embroidery silk, and in length they barely covered the trunk, leaving the limbs with only the muslin covering and embroidery ruffles which came to the knee and their met the fln« cotton stocking. Said I, "Mrs. S., do you make her broth- er's under-flannels like that?" She replied indignantly, "of course not." " And why not, pray?" I asked; " are not the boj'S full as healthy and strong as she? cannot they better endure having the chest, arms and legs unprotected than this delicate child?" In a ruffled tone my friend argued that if her girl should wear high-necked flannels with long sleeves she would be sure to catch cold when she laid them off to wear low-necked and ahort-sleeved dresses, as young ladies are apt to do upon occasion. It was to enable her daughter to present a fine appearance, then, at the full-dress party, which prevented the child from being warmly clad. Is this an isolated case? Alas! no. We find such moth- ers everywhere in America; but we also find good, sensible ones whose girls, aa well as boys, wear flannel suits fitting the form com- fortably and covering the body from the neck to the wrists and heels, with stockings out- side of either wool or cotton, according to the season. These are the children who are not hindered from indulging in out-door sports, nor are they charged with the care of their clothes while at play. Dress them strongly and loosely and let them run and climb, whether girls or boys, and I'll run the risk of their "unsexing themselves," as the saying is — what it may mean I'll leave for those who use the term in regard to the lead- ers of woman's rights to enlighten us. How THE Eye is Swept and Washed. — For us to be able to see objects clearly and dis- tinctly, it is necessary that the eye should be kept clean. For this purpose it is furnished with a little gland, from which flows a watery fluid (tears) which is spread over the eye by the lid and is afterwards swept off by it, and runs through a hole in the bone to the under surface of the nose, while the warm air, pass- ing over it while breathing, evaporates it. It is remarkable that no such gland can be found in the eyes of fish, as the element ia which they live answers the same purpose. If the eye had not been furnished with a liquid to wash it and a Hd to sweep it off, things would appear as they do when you look through a dusty glass. Along the edj;es of the eyelids there are a great number of little tubes or glands, from which flows an oily substance which spreads over the surface of the skin, and thus prevents the edges from being sore or irritated, and it also helps to keep tears within the lid. There are also six little mus- cles attached to the eye which enable us to move it in every direction; and when we con- sider the different motions they are capable of giving to the eye, we cannot but admire the goodness of Him who formed them, and thus saved us the trouble of turning our heads every time we wished to view an object. Removal op Tape-Woem. — A writer says that in treating some cases of tape-worm he has employed no preliminary provisions be- vond forbidding the patient to take any break- fast the day on which it is intended to remove the worm, and giving him a large dose of Ko- chtlle salts the preceding night. At 10 o'clock in the morning a dose is given, made of one California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. half ouuce of bark of pomegranate root, one lialf dram of pumpkin-seed, one dram ethe- real extract of male fern, one half dram pow- dered ergot, two drams powdered sum arable, and two drops croton oil. The pomegranate bark and pumpkin seed are thoroughly bruised and, with the ergot, boiled iu eight ounces of water fifteen minutes, then strained through ft coarse cloth. The croton oil is first rubbed up with the acacia and extract of fern, and then formed into an emulsion with the de- coction. In each case the worm was expelled alive and entire within two hours. In each case, too, the worm was passed with the head firmly fastened to the side of its body at about the widest part, from which it was with diffi- culty removed. « ■ » Thbke Eminent Physicians. — As the cele- brated French physician, Desmoulins, lay on his deathbed, he was visited and constantly surrounded by the most distinguished medi- cal men of Paris, as well as other prominent citizens of the metropolis. Great were the lamentations of all at the loss about to be sustained by the profession, in the death of one they regarded as its greatest ornament ; but Desmoulins spoke cheerfully to his prac- titioners, assuring them that he had left be- hind three physicians much greater than him- self. Each of the doctors, hoping that his own name would be called, inquired anxiously who was sufficiently illustrious to surpass the immortal Desmoulins. With great distinct- ness the dying man answered, "They are AVater, Exercise and Diet. Call in the ser- vice of the first freely, of the second regu- larly and the third moderately. Follow this advice and you may well dispense with my aid. Living, I could do nothing without them, and dying, I shall not be missed if you make friends of these, my faithful coadju- tors.' Food as Mkdicine. — Dr. Hall relates the case of a man who was cured of his bilious- ness by going without his supper and drink- ing freely of lemonade. Every morning. Bays the doctor, this patient arose with a won- derful sense of rest and refreshment, and feeling as though the blood had been literally washed, cleansed and cooled by the lemonade and fast. His theory is, that food can be used as a remedy for many diseases success- fully. As an example, he cures spitting of blood by the use of salt; epilepsy by water- melon; kidney affection by celery; poison, oUve or sweet oil; erysipelas, pounded cran- berries applied to the part affected ; hydro- phobia, ouions, etc. So the way to keep in good health is really to know what to eat — not to know what medicine to take. She ^imh Dkcat of the Teeth. — What time of day do the teeth decay most rapidly? Ana. — From midnight till the breakfast hour. The meals of the day help to preserve the teeth by friction and the flow of saliva, which, to a great extent cleanses them of de- caying matter; and thus it is that the teeth pass through the day and early part of the night without much progress of caries; but after retiring, the remaining particles of acid- ifying food, the inspissating nmcus, the de- veloping fungi, all combine to make the hours towaril morning pre-eminently the period of decay. Then it is that the chalk placed be- tween the teeth late at night and allowed to remain there comes to the rescue, and by its antacid reaction, prevents, in great degi-ee that disintegration dependent upon acidity and parasitic growth. A TnAVELLEB on a miserable lean steed was hailed by a Yankee, who was hoeing his pumkins by the roadside — " Hallo I friend," said the farmer, "where are you bound?" " I'm going out to settle in the Western country," replied the other. "Well, get off and straddle this ere pumkinvine, it will grow and cary you faster than that ere boast." Kind Treatment Pays. ^ ILLARD in his now " Butter Book, " speaks in the strongest term favor of kind treatment of cows '4©" kept for the dairy : It is really astonishing, he says, what a large difference in the yield of milk it makes by attending properly to a number of small things in the management of stock — things which would seem to many quite too insig- nificant to be worth observing. The dairy- man should have a genuine, hearty love for the animals under his control, attending to every detail for their comfort, providing wholesome nutritious food, pure water and pure air — everything of this kind in abund- ance— keeping the animals properly sheltered from storms ; feeding always with great reg- ularity ; paying the most marked attention to the maimer and time of milking, and, withal, preserving a uniform kindness and gentleness of treatment throughout every operation, a gentleness extended even to the tones of the voice. Generally speaking, that cow will do her best that is loved the best and petted the most liy those who have her in charge. If you wish a cow to do her best, you must cul- tivate her accjuaintance iutiraatelj', and be un- sparing iu little nets of kindness. You may whip and torture a cow into submission, but she will strike the balance against you in the milk pail. One of the greatest faults among dairy farmers to-day is a lack of kindness and consideration to domestic animals. Cows should be petted daily, and be made to feel that man is a friend and protector. All pain, fright and uneasiness checks the secretion of milk, and the man who is passionate and abusive to his herd never did and never can realize a full yield of milk from it. I think that any one who has the charge of animals should study their character and disposition. It is an interesting study, and, under the law of kindness, you will not uufrequently bring out wonderful traits and exhibitions of affec- tion, which will show a forethought and de- sign which may well be ranked with the higher intelligence of i-easonable beings." The Holstein Cow. The Holstein bred cows are now attracting much attention in various parts of this conti- nent from their wonderful milking qualities. They are natives of the north of Germany, large, heavy cattle, of compact form, making, when fattened, excellent beef, and being also good workers. They have been grown in Holland for generations, with special regard to their milking qualities. In that country, they are invariably black and white ; but in their native Duchy they are found of various colors. The quality of the milk of the Hol- stein is such as fits it well for the cheese- maker, the globules being small and uniform in size. The skim-milk is of a very blue tinge. The butter made from the cream pos- sesses great lasting qualities. Several instances are on record, and are well authenticated, where cows of this breed have given large quantities of milk. One cow is certified to have yielded an average of 18 quarts a day for 9 months. A heifer owned in Chemung Co., N. Y., ga*e after her first calf 15 quarts a day for nine months. An instance is also recorded whore a Holstein gave 74 lbs., for ten consecutive days, of milk that yielded 22.70 of cream. The record of a heifer belonging to a Stock Breeders As- sociation in N. Y., State shows that, alter her first calf she gave for 12 days 10. (iS lbs; for the next month. May 411.17 lbs.; in June, 52.18 lbs.; July, 51.Y.7 lbs.; August, 50,12 lbs,; September, 41 lbs.; October, 33.17 lbs.; November, 27.70 lbs.; being an average per day for the 7^^ months, of close upon 45 lbs. Her feed was, for the first mouth, simply h with 3 pecks of turnips daily, and afterwards pasture and 2 quarts of corn meal. After Oct. 1, 4 quarts of a mixture of oats, corn ond shorts, and ^ bushel of roots were fed. — Canada Fanner, In butter making, the object sought is the separation of the butter globules from the caseine and other ingredieuts of the milk ; their retention in a pure and perfect state, and their jireservation in that state, for use, with the union of no foreign substances, except a small amount of pure salt. In the process of cream rising this seperation commences, and it is highly important that we adopt a method by which, iu this stage of the process, it may be made as complete as possible. The con- ditions of success, are a right and uniform temperature, rest, jirotection from taints and evaporation, from the destructive influences of the atmosphere, and too intense light. To Freshen Bancid Buttee. — Here is a fact worth a years suViscription to a paper : "To a pint of water add thirty drojis (about half a teaspoonful) of liquid chloride of lime. Wash in this two and a half pounds of rancid butter. When every particle of the butter has come in contact with the water, let it stand an hour or two ; then wash the butter well again in pure water. The buttter is then left without any odor, and has the sweetness of fresh butter. These preparations of lime have nothing injurious in them." Alderneys and Jerseys. Alderney is well-known for the breed of cows that bears its name. These are so culled because the fiist ones exported were from that island, although now very few that are sold as Alderney cows are directly from that island. Those of that breed actually exported from these islands are generally from J ersey, where the cattle are much the same as those of Alderney — small, with tapering heads and of a delicate fawn-color. The Guernsey is esteemed by some even more highly than the Alderney. It is rather larger and more of a red, brindled in color. The cows are milked three times daily, and the milk is churned without skimming. One pound of butter a day is by no means an uncommon yield for a good cow. The cow cabbage is made to rea«b a size so large that the leaves are used to wrap the butter iu for market, while the stalks are varnished and armed with ferrules, and extensively used at St. Heller's for canes. The cows are carefully coddled. The grass they feed on is highly enriched by the vraic, a species of sea-weed gathered from the reefs at low tide. There are two vraic hurvests appointed by the Government — one iu the Spring, the oth- er in August, although it is gathered at other times iu small quantities. All hands turn out in the season with boats and caits, fre- quently at night, and it is a very lively pic- turesque occupation, though often attended with loss of life from the overloading of boats or sudden rising of the tide. The cows are always tethered when feeding. They cat less in this way, really giving more milk than when glutted with food, and while they are crop- ping the grass on one side of the field, it has time to spring up on the other side. When they have done eating, they are at once moved from the sun into the shade. The breed is preserved from intermixture with other breeds by strong and arbitrary laws very carefully enforced. No cattle are allowed to enter the islands except for slaughter within a certain number of days, with the exception of oxen for ilraught. — Jlaj'per':) ^agaiine for Jutie. WiNTKB and spring butter is often very much injured in flavor by allowing cows to eat the litter frcuu horse-stables. Cows are not uufrequently very fond of this Utter, though it is impregnated with liquid manure f California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. from the horses, and if allowed they eat it greedily; and the effect is that their milk and butter will be tainted with the taste of this kind of food, in the same way that the flavor is injured by eating turnips, 'but to a more disagreeable degree. If litter is allowed to be eaten, it should be given to cattle not in milk, and on no account should milch cows be allowed to consume other than the swoet- est and purest food. Very nice butter-makera are sometimes at a loss to account for stable taints in butter, especially when extraordinary precautions have been taken to have the milk- ing done in the most perfect manner, and so on in all the processes of handling the milk until the butter is packed for market. Still, the butter has a disagreeable taint, and the cause often oomes from allowing the cows, when turned out to water and exercise, to feed about the horse-stable, where they consume all the litter which, on account of its being soaked with liquid manure, is cast out of the stable. — Mural Jfew Yorker. Bdttek Ptoduct of a. Shokt-Hoen Heifee. —In looking over your paper from week to week any one would suppose that the Jersey cows were ahead of all other breeds in the State for making butter. I think it is a great error. I think there are other breeds that will make more butter on less provender and give more milk than the Jerseys, and make butter of as good quality. I have a thorough- bred Short-horn cow, four years old last March, that made in one week last January eleven and three-fourths pounds of as nice butter as was ever produced by a Jersey cow. It was but seven minutes churning by the clock. Her feed was but four quarts of shorts per day, and as much good hay as she* would eat. If any one has a Jersey heifer three years old or past that wiU beat this I would like to purchase )iex.~M. L. WUdar in Maine Eanner. High Farming in England and its Ee- SULTS.— At the monthly Farmers' Club meet- ing, held during the Smithfield show week, in London, the Canada Farmer says, the sub- ject under discussion being, "The Future of Farming," Alderman Mechi said, that on his own farm, and many others which he could name, the amount of produce was such that ho was convinced that if the whole of the land of England was farmed as it ought to ha, taking the present rite of consumption, not one-half of the produce could be consumed, supposing there were no foreign importation whatever. At which the farmers present laughed immoderately. The alderman contin- ued and said ho could produce plenty of men connected with Norfolk and Lincolnshire who would bear out that statement. " If the far- mers of England, as a bodv, produced what was produced by some of the farmers of those two counties, the peojjle of this country would not, at the present rate of consump- tion, consume oue-half of the total, without any foreign importation." The report does not state whether the laughter was repeated. Stpdying Latin.— a good story is told of an old farmer whose sou had for a long time been ostensibly studying Latin in a popul.ir academy. The farmer not being perfectly satisfied with the course and conduct of the young hopeful, recalled him from school and placing him by the side of a cart one d,av thus addressed him : " Now, Joseph, here "is a fork and there is a heap of manure and a cart; what do you call them in Latin?" "Porkibus, oartibus, et manuribus," said Joseph. "Well, now," said the old man, " if you don t take that forkibus pretty quickibus, and pitch that manunbus into that cartibus I'll break your cussed lazy backibus." Joseph went to workibus forthwithibus. *-♦-•- Fowls moult in August and September, inen take good care of them. ®hc p0V0e» ^Something About Draft Horses. CORRESPONDENT of the National Lire tjtocic Journal gives a little history of draft horses in Ills., that must be encouraging to breeders of such stock elsewhere : The race horse is the gentleman among horses, and the draft horse the laborer. (The laborer makes the money, and the gentleman spends It.) We found that our horses were too near all so-called gentleman horses, and we had too few laboring horses, and that the business of the country demanded stronger draft horses. In about the year 1843, Col. Oakley im- ported Hanqmm, a large draft horse of Euglish or Belgian stock, into Central Illinois (Taze- well county.) Sampson was a very large, logy draft, horse, weighing from twenty to twenty- two hundred pounds. He was so large, that It was with difficulty that the farmers could persuade themselves to risk the extreme cross on their small mares ; but they did risk it, and his stock was disseminated largely all through that part of the State, and proved a great success. Before the stock of the imp Sampson was lost sight of, the imp, Louis Napoleon, a draft horse of Norman or French blood, made his appearance in the same local- ity (Tazewell county), in about the year 1855. He gained a large reputixtion as a stock horse, and he and his descendants were used largely for a number of years in the different counties of TazeweU, Woodford, McLean and LaSalle. The stock of Louis Napoleon proved of such excellence that it opened up an active trade, not only in this country, but even in Franco, England, Scotland and Belgium, and within the past six years caused the importation of hundreds of draft horses from the above- named countries into the State of Illinois alone, placing this State second to no other State in the Union in valuable horses, either for the farm or the markets. We have more than once heard the remark made in Chicago, "Why do the Eastern horse dealers always make such a bee line for Ottawa" (lils.)? Why because old Louis Napoleon made his ap- pearance in La Salle county in the year 185y. The different strains of draft horses that have gained such favor with the public, have stood purely on their own merits ; their dissemina- tion IS not due to any advice or influence given through agricultural papers. Neither did the agricultural fairs show them favor, until their own merits first placed them high- ly in favor with the public. The more jiopu- lar strains of draft horses now so rapidly im- porting into Illinois and other States are the Norman or French horse, the Scotch Clyde, the English (b-aft, and the Belgian ; the Nor- man or French largely predominating in numbers. It would seem that the necessary weight in the ilraft horse has been reached. The weight of eighteen to twenty hundred pounds has become more the rule than the exception among the draft horses now being imported into this country. The draft horse is already bred up to a high state of perfection, yet we can further improve them by carefully and judiciously breeding for more action, with a more combined muscular power and beauty of style. Colors and QnALiTiEs.— I find horses of dark chestnut, true bay and dark brown colors, to be more free from disease than those of other shades, and I hold them up in the front rank for the general quahtications of speed, stamina, docility, size and beauty of conformation. Color itself does not m'ake the difference, but it is caused by the peculiar organization which makes these colors. Among the light chestnuts— erroneously called sorrels— are to be found nine-tenths o"f skittish, balky horses and those with other unpleasant qualities so much feared and ob- jected to. Black horses have more faulty eyes and feet than other colors, according to my observations. The various dapple-greys are much more hablo to warts than horses of other colors. Still I have seen in horses of all colors qualities to be admired and to be rejected. Among the "buckskins," the various shades of cream, and the spotted, we often find pow- ers of endurance, and sometimes speed, which are somewhat astonishing. These shades arc not fashionable, however, and therefore not marketable. Still the old saying is true : "A good horse is seldom of a bad color," I still adhere to my former opinion, that the dark chestnut, true bay and dark brown are the colors to perpetuate in breeding, as in them we have all the requisites of endurance, speed, size, docility and fashion, which fill the whole bill as to our needs or requirements in a horse. W. Home, Comiiry GetiUemam. What To Do With a Dead Horse.— Sever- al agricultural papers reccommend cutting up and converting into manure by covering with lime and earth. But it is our opinion that feeding the flesh to chickens is the most profitable way of disposing of dead horses, dead cattle etc. What is not needed at once or while it can be kept fresh for the purpose, should be cut into strips and dried. In this condition it can be stored away in sacks ; and a little of it chopped fine every day or two will do much towards increasing the egg product. A fair sized horse is worth $5 to $10 for this purpose, besides trouble of haul- ing and cutting up, drying, etc. Agriculture at the Centennial. The value of the farms and farm machin- ery, the farm products, and the live stock of the United States, roll up an aggregate of over thirteen thousand million dollars, while the total of the products of our manufactories (less the materials employed) and the capital invested in them is less than four thousand million dollars. To fitly present character- istic specimens, drawn from and fully illus- trating this enormous industry of our land, is the duty that devolves upon the agricultur- al department of the Centennial. The rep- resentatives of the ninety million of horses, cattle, sheep and swine noted in the census of 1870, will alone constitute such a grand dis- play as will be worthy of attention ; and it might be well to mention just here that one club proposes to exhibit three hundred speci- mens of neat cattle. The attractiveness of the agricultural exhibit and the disposition to contribute to it, will be recognized when we state that, out of the 12,500,000 persons engaged in all classes of occupations in the United States, 5,922,000, or neariy one-half, are engaged in agriculture. The trades and industries, too, that minis- ter and are subordinate to the agricultural in- terests of our country, swell the aggregate seeking space for display in the area set apart for this department. With these few figures, (drawn from the census of 1870) in mind, we may imagine how great a proportion of the visitors will be attracted to the farmers' show the Centennial Exhibition be peculiarly at- tractive to our own citizens, but, as we are best known abroad by our agricultural pro- ductions, so we may anticipate that of the foreigners who visit us in 1870, the specialty whicii \vill call the greatest number of them to Philadelphia will be the agricultural. — Fhiladelphia Fress. — «-•-• The New Haven Register says : " Henry Bassett, of Hamden, to-day exhibited at our oflice an egg, laid on his farm by a Cochin Partridge hen measuring 13 inches in cir- mference and 8 in diameter." California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Thou Cheerful Bee. .TH3U cheerful bee I come, freely come, And travel runnel my woorlbiue bower ; Delight me with tliy wand'rinR hum. And rouse me from my mtieiDf^ hour. Oh 1 try no more thone tedious fields. My honied treasures all are thine ; Come taste the sweets my Kardeu yields, The bud, the blossom, all are thine. —(Smyth. Bee Keeping in Southern California. From the Anierican Bee Journal we extract two letters upon bee keeping in Galifomin by persons who evidently view the business and country from different temprements. The first letter is by J. W. Sallie, Anaheim. Dear 7?t'C Jouninl : — lu my last I promised to tell the "bee men" something o£ South- ern California. First, then, as to CLIMATE I do not suppose that there is a better cli- mate on earth than that of Southern Califor- nia, especially that portion west of the moun- tains. Such is a large portion of Lon Angelos county, it being a beautiful valley, about twentv miles wide and seventy-five long, with a slope of about twelve feet to the mile, from the mountains to the beach. This valley, be- ing west of the mountains, is free from the bleak winds of the desert, and the cold winds from the north, with a regular sea breeze every day, rendering the climate more even than that of S|)ain, France or Italy ; the mercury seldom going above eighty degrees, and rarely below forty degrees. Near the coast it is cooler ; but as j'ou approach the mountains, the climate grows warmer, at the rate of about one degree per mile. Near the coast it is too damp and cool for consimip- tives — but on the west side of the mountain, at an altitude of 1,500 or 2,000 feet, you are above the fogs and dampness — and the cli- mate is juxt splmiVid. There is never any frost at this altitude, on the west side of the mountains — and here is where the bees do so well. In point of SOIL, this valley is equal to any portion of the United States. The soil is made by deposits from the mountains, and is inexhaustible. There is, however, only a small portion of it that is susceptible of cultivation without ir- rigation ; this is supplied by water from the mountains, and by artesian wells. These can be had at a cost ranging from $125 to $500. This seems almost incredible to an eastern man, but such is the fact. Many poor farmers, just starting, have their artesian wells, giWng an abundant flow, for irrigating their nuurter section of land. As to FiiniT, there is no end to it hero. Almost every va- riety of semi-tropical fruits grows to perfec- tion here ; and the flavor of all kinds of fruits is especially excellent, on the high " masa " lands. Peaches are never a failure ; apricots, nectarines, plums, pears, etc., etc., in endless varieties, strawberries the year round, while tomato vines bear continuously, for five or six years. Vegetables without end, and the grape to perfection. Raisins made by the ton, simply by pulling the grapes from the vine and spreading them on the ground to dry. This valley land is especially adapted to the cultivation and growth of the Alfalfa, or Chili clover, which will feed from four to six cows per acre, the year round, producing a largo yield of good milk and butter. DEKS are also kept in the valley ; but the quality of honey is very indifferent, and consequently it is not considered very profitable. Yet bees will increase equally as fast in the valley as on the mountains. The most desirable local- ity for bees is directly up the side of the mouutitins, about one mile from the valley, and at an altitude of 1,500 feet, with plenty of sage, sumach, etc., about you, on the mountains. The bees go to the valley first in the spring, and as the season advances, they ascend the mountains, thereby securing a perpetual pasturage. ISees, they say, have not done well this spring, and summer, owing to a frost that fell in April. I took charge of MI APIABI on the 5th of May. The bees were all in box hives. I proceeded at once to transfer, which I accomplished in about four weeks ; took about 5,000 lbs., in transfering ; have all of my hives full of comb, and have taken with the extractor, u]) to the present date, (July 1st) about 4,S0OO lbs. Tlie season is now in full blast, and will continue so for six or eight weeks longer. I have no fears but I will reach 30,000 lbs., from the 150 hives I started with, beside an increase — after "honey for market " is out — of about 300 per cent. And now, Mr. Editor and brethren, let me say to you all that I have at last found the " place for bees," and I shall not neglect to improve my opportunity. So you had better " look well to your laurels." There are other places here, not j'et occu- pied, which would make good bee ranches. But the better plan is tobuyouta" squatter," and bring with you about 100 stiinds of bees to start with. The bees would cost about $1,000, and the ICO acres— with twenty to forty acres tillable land, and a small shanty — about $500. If any " Bee man" wants such a location, etc., I think I could secure it for him for that auiouut. There are many points which I would like to talk upon, but must wait till next time. The following letter is from San Diego, name not given : I came here from Kansas in May, to go to bee-keeping, but found I was four mouths too late to do anything this yi!ar, as bees swarm here in March and April, ami from that time to September 1st, are making box honey, and but few are for sale, except from October to January. They had a hard frost here in April, which stopped swarming, and cut the honey crojj very short. Italian queen-raising might pay, but I think it doubtful, as one-fourth are now Ital- ians. You could not find a location, in my judgment, out of reach of blacks or hybrids, as the mountains have many wild bees in them and the bee-men are already located all over the honey region. Bee-men complain of losing one-third of their queens in fertilizing this year. Do not think that queens wiU be sold very profitably. This country wants to be seen to b» appre- ciated— it is not all that fancy paints it. I am very much disappointed and do not think I shall stay, as I left my family East ; and if I bring them, they will have to stay h»re in San Diego, while I go alone up among the mountains, twenty-five to forty miles to the boe-iange. There are no thrioinij villages within a hun- dred miles from here. This is the only vil- lage for one hundred miles in any direction, and this is as dead as can be — always like Sunday in the streets. Outside of this town there are no churches, and no society you or your daughter woulil want. Little houses, 15x20 or less, three to six miles apart, with one or two men in each, constitute the population, and thus the country is dreary and uninviting. There will he plenty of bees and ranohes for sale this fall. Bees in Harbison or Langstroth hives sell at about $10 ; in box-hives, $3 to $5, Harbison's average, for five years past, is 83 lbs., comb honey — more than most get. Thia year they will not get half that. Thoy do not know what extracted honey is hero, l brought two extractors with me, but as strained honey is only five to six cents per pound, they will not give me any work ex- tracting. If you are determined to come, my advice is, stop at Los Angelos, and go ninety miles south of the railroad toward San Bernardino. Laud there, good for fruit, etc., is high; but there you can raise something that way. by irrigating, while in this country you can't raise anything but cactuses one year in five. Harbison gives his men $20 a month, the first year ; $40 per month, the second year, and an interest the third year. Do not know the interest. Y'ou might buy 100 hives, bees and ranch, with a shanty, worth $50, for $2,000. 1 think no one ought to come with less than $3,000, gold, for the first year's work. Y'ou might obtain employment — I can't, and doz- ens of others of us are here doing nothing ; can't get work for our board at anything^ though I profess to understand the bee busi- ness. I think this whole business overdrawn. Because last year was a splendid success, they thought to make their fortunes ; but this year most are losing money. n Preparation of Wax. Having employed the bees to extract every particle of honey from the combs, put the latter in a clean boiler with some soft water; simmer over a clear tire until they are melted; pour a quart or so into a canvas bag, wide at the top and tapering downwards like a jelly- bag; hold this over a tub of cold water; the boiling liquor will immediately pass away, 'leaving the liquefied wax and the dross in the bag; have ready a piece of smooth board, of such a length that one end may rest at the bottom of the tub and the other end at its top; upon this inclined plane lay your reek- ing bag, but not so as to touch the cold water; then, by compressing the bag with any con- venient roller, the wax will ooze through and run down the board into the cold water, on the surface of which it will set in thin flakes; empty the dross out of the bag and replenish it with the boiling wax, and proceed as before until all has been pressed. When finished, coOect the wax from the surface of the cold water, put it into a clean saucepan with very little water, melt it carefully over a slow fire, skim off the dross as it rises, then pour it into moulds or shapes, and place them where they will cool slowly. The wax may be rendered still more pure by a second melting and moulding, and may bo bleached by running it into thin ribands and exposing these to the bleaching action of a grass plat for several days and nights, taking care the sun is noi allowed to melt them. — Manual of Jiee-Kcep- inij by John Hunter. Bees, Wasps and Crapes. Some persons imagine that bees injure fruits, and especially grapes. They are great- ly in error. It is useful to compare the part taken by bees and hornets in the injury done to our vineyards. First let tis consult the books. I do not find a single book on agri- culture, fruit or grape culture that does not cite the wasp among noxious insects thai, should be fought incessantly anil mercilessly ; while not a single book mentions as such the industrious honey-bee, whose Wndioator I now am. The wasp pierces the fruits ; to the grapeu it leaves nothing but the skin and seeds. The bee only profits by those spoils ; for she usually goes from blossom to blossom, gath- ering honey in gardens and fields. If at times she is seen in orchards or vineyards, where she only goes after the wasps, it is only to gather the remains of the feast. Curious experiments have been tried, it api>ears ; Some sound fruits were placed sim- ultaneously within the reach of both wasps and bees ; the former have soon achievod California Agriculturist akd Live Stock Journal. their work of destruction, while tlie latter starved to death. Therefore, bees do not eat grapes. So it is with sound conviction that I say to those who wish, if not to prohibit, at least to render impossible the establishment of hives in the neighborhood of large cities, under the fal- lacious pretext that they destroy grapes : Re- spect the bee, since she respects our fruits ; let her live in peace near us ; she never will bo ungrateful. Is she not the mysterious in- strument that helps and facilitates the phe- nomenon of fertilization of flowers, and per- haps produces those innumerable and beauti- ful varieties by carrying pollen from the calycle of one into that of another ? Is she not the living image of work, that gives us the perfumed honey and the wax that we use BO diversely ? — Mo. Farmer. Preservation of Wood. M. Lostal, railway contractor, has commu- nicated to the Society of Mineral Industry at St. Etienne the results of his observations on the efleet of lime in preserving wood, and his method of applying it. He piles the planks in a tank, and puts over all a hiyer of ijuick- lime, which is gradually slacked with water. Timber for mines requires about a week to be- come thoroughly impregnateU, and other 'woodmtire or less time, according to its thick- ness. The wood acquires remarkable con- sistency and hardness, and, it is said, will never rot. Wood has been prepared in this manner for several mines, so that the plan will shortly be tested on a considerable scale. Beech-wood has been prepared in this way for hammers and other tools for several iron- works, and it is said to become as hard as oak without losing its elasticity or toughness, and to last much longer than when uuprepareil. It has long been known that wood set in lime or mortar is preserved from decay, but no systematic plan for its preservation has until now been attempted. The Oer. Ttltyraph says : We note that the old controversy about tarring or painting shingles and fences, is being revived again, on the principle we suppose that as an old gener- ation passes away the new one wants to learn wholly for itself wljat it wants to know. It ought, however, to be generally known by this time that not moisture only, but heat and moisture, either or both, are the agents in the decay of woody matter. Most writers seem to think it is moisture alone, and hence all that is required is to coat the wood with some substance that will keep the water out. To be sure they know that heat, when it is up to what we know as the burning point, will de- stroy wood, but they seem to forget that even when not burning heat is destructive only in a less degree. Any black substance there- fore, which attracts heat, though it may keep out the other destructive element, water, adds to the destructive agencies at work on the wood, and should be avoided wherever dura- tion is an object. It needs no understanding of these laws, however, to know that tar or any black sub- stance tends to rot wood away much faster than wood that has had nothing at all done to it. A fence tarred and exposed to the full Bun, as any observer knows, soon crumbles away. In a few years the wood is like an overdone pie crust. And then all know how long a mere whitewashed fence lasts. Yet there is no preservative character of much account in lime. Every rain goes through it into the wood, but it is the white color, which rather turns away the heat than attracts it, which is in that case the great agent which preserves it so long. In all discussions as to the preservation of wood by paints or coatings, therefore, we see that the color of the washes or paints is an important point in the argument. As for tar, it is the very worst thing that could be used where there is exposure to the sun. Under ground, or where there is no heat for it to at- tract of consequence, it is another matter, and dois possess more or less preservative power. Fattening Chickens. M?T is hopeless to attempt to fatten chickens nl! while they are at liberty. They must be dl. put up in a proper coop, and this, like al, most other appurtenances, need not bo Kg expensive. To fatten twelve fowls, a coop may be three feet long, eighteen inches high and eighteen inches deep, made entirely of bars. No part solid neither top, sides nor bottom. Discretion must be used, accord- ing to the size of the chickens put up. They do not want any room, indeed, the closer they are the better, provided they can all stand up at the same time. Care must be taken to put up such as have been accustomed to be together, or they will fight. If one is quarrelsome, it is better to remove it at once, as, like other bad examples, it soon finds im- itators. Diseased chickens should never bo put up. The food should be ground oats, and may either be put up in a trough or on a flat board running along the front of the coop. It may be mixed with water and milk, the latter is the better. It should be well soaked, forming a pulp as loose as can be, providr'd it does not run ofl' tlie board. They must be well fed three or four times a day, the first time as soon after daybreak as may be possi- ble or convenient, and then at intervals of four hours. Each meal should be as much as they can eat up clean, and no more ; when they have done feeding, the board should be wiped up and some gravel spread. It causes them to feed and thrive. After a fortnight of this treatment you will have good, fat fowls. If, however, there are but five or six fowls to be fatted, they must not have as much room as though there were a dozen. Nothing is easier than to allow them the proper space, as it is only necessary to have two or three pieces of wood to pass between the bars and form a partition. This may also serve when fowls are up at differer- ent degrees of fatness. This requires at- tention, or fowls will not keep fat and healthy. As soon as the fowl is sufticiently fatted, it must be killed ; otherwise it will not get fat- ter but will lose flesh. If fowls are intended for the market, of course they are, or may be fatted at once ; but if lor home consumption, it is better to put them up at such intervals as will suit the time when they will be re- quired for the table. When the time arrives for kiUiug, whether they are meant for market or otherwise, they should be fasted without food or water for twelve or fifteen hours. This enables them to keep for some time after being killed, even in hot weather. — Journal of Chemixtri/. .«-•-» Hens Eatino Eggs — A CnKE. — A corres- pondent of the Poultry Bulldin says : " Having seen the question asked how to cure hens from eating eggs, and having been put to my wits end to devise some means to stop them, I finally by accident hit upon a plan that I have never known to fail. One gi-eat trouble with many breeders is, they make their hens' nests too large, and with Brahmas and Cochins the nests are near the ground, and in many cases the eggs are in view of the hen. This was the case with my nests. Having tried every available stuff, such as pepper, mustard, turpentine, and every thing I could hear of, but no cure. I then took a common nail-keg, cut it in two or a piece about eight inches high, and placed it in the box where the hens laid. I then put in an egg ; the old hen mounted the nest or keg and tried to reach the egg, standing on the edge of the keg, but it was no go ; she then got down in the keg, but that was a failure, for she did not have room to got at the egg ; after trying for some time she gave it up as a bad job. I have never had an egg eaten by the hens since then ; all of the nests in my coops have a piece of a keg in the box, and have parts of kegs for nests. Do not make them too deep. but deep enough so that the hen cannot reach the bottom when standing on the edge of the keg. You that are troubled with hens eating their eggs, try the plan ; it costs but little, and I think you will never regret the trouble it will be to outwit the old hen." Veemin on Fowls, — There are at least three different kinds of lice which infest poultry and their quarters. (We do not now include the acar\(s, that produces what is known as " poultry itch " and " scabby or scurvy legs," etc. ) There is the largo louse found for tho most part in the heads of young chicks. This is quite destructive to the broods, and by some is supposed to be the parent of the gapo worm. Whether this supposition is true or not this louse will certainly destroy young chicks unless it is removed and the broods protected from its attacks. Then there is the common body louse, found mostly under the wings and the more inaccessible parts of tho skin. These are, perhaps, the least noxious of any of the different kinds ; but they evi- dently annoy the fowls and should not bo al- lowed to remain on them The third class of lice is the small red " mite," found only in the house or roosting places and nests. These are, perhajjE, the most annoying and troublf'some to the fowls of all, and are more numerous than either of the other kinds. They may be found in near- ly all roosts and houses that have been used by fowls one or more years where especial care has not been exercised to exterminate them. They stay in crevices on the roosts or walls and nests-boxes during the day and creep upon the fowls and feed at night. They are seldom found on tho fowls during the day, except on sitting hens. These are the ones that are so annoying to the brooding hens, forcing them to abandon their nests. They are sometimes found in great numbers in neglected quarters. — A'. 1'. llerald. • m * How TO Feed Fowls. — Fowls are not fed merely for the sake of keeping them .alive and healthy on the least possible amount of food. We wish to convert the food into flesh or in- to eggs. In feeding for quick fattening, it is understood that the poultry should be made to eat as much as possible. Jly rule for feed- ing is to throw out the feed once a day, and let them eat as much as they want, and no more. I want the fowls to eat all they will ; the more they eat, within reasonable bounds, the more eggs they will lay, and the better condition they will be in. Laying fowls should take exercise, but if they can go to a trough and eat any time they wish, they will take next to none. If fed but once a day, they will wander and hunt insects much more. If fed soft feed, such as wheat bran alone or mixed with milk, they will be hungry again in two or three hours, and be off alter insects, &c. Shrinkage of Fruit in Drying. — In the letter from Charles Alden (owner of tho fruit-drying machinery) which was read be- fore the late horticultural meeting at Roches- ter, New Y'ork, he states that a bushel of ap- ples weighs fifty pounds; that the cost of cut- ting and preparing a bushel for drying is about fifty cents; and that a bushel will yield nine dried pounds, two pounds of which are cores and skins, which, when dried, find a ready market at six cents per pound for mak- ing jelly without sugar or boiling^a new pro- duct. One bushel gives seven pounds of good dried apples, which will sell regularly at twenty cents per pound; making after drying, $1.25 per bushel of apples, with cores and parings. It will be understood that these dried apples are greatly superior to common dried apples, made by exposure to weather, flies, etc. Tomatoes, being very watery, j-ield only three pounds dried per bushel, but two dried ounces are found to be equal in sub- stance to a one quart can, and will make as much by adding one quart of cold water and stewing properly. The evaporated tomatoes ■sell for seventy-five cents per pound. Peaches yield seven pounds from a bushel, one of which is skins. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, l[0vticultttit. Plant Olive Trees. f HERE is no rink in planting olive trees in the southern part of our Stute, for there they have grown luxuriantly and borne fruit abundantly for nearly a hun- dred years. The fine olives of the church gardens in San Luis Obispo havo yielded fruit since 17S2. The olive orchards of 8an Diego, San Fernando, San Buenaven- tura and Santa Barbara, have all flourished and given forth their exquisite berries for nearly the same length of time. Thus it will be seen that there is no experimental risk in trying to grow olive trees almost anywhere in Southern California; and we have seen them doing nicely on the foothills of Monterey, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa, Tuolumne, Calaveras and Amador counties, and believe that they will succeed ■well in parts of forty out of the fifty-three counties in our State, at a certain height on the hills, so as to come within what is termed the warm belt. It is a tree that can be easily raised in this climate, requiring but little or no irrigation, and once it has taken root, will grow with about as little care as any of the ornamental sorts of trees planted on this coast. And there are but few trees more beau- tiful to the eye than the olive after it com- mences bearing. Its oblong, lance-shaped leaves, with their deep green shade on top and light feathery color underneath, when disturbed by the gentle winds produce a pecu- liar and pleasing effect. The trees grow to the height of from thirty to forty feet and its branches spread laterally in every direction, with an erect, jaunty form, making a very in- viting shade-tree for roadways and dwellings accompanied with the substantial ailvantage of bearing fruit that wiU pay for the cultiva- tion.— Pacific Grocer. Obanoes and Lemons. — Orange and lemon plantations, in the Mediterranean countries, are called gardens and vary in size, the small- est containing only a small number of trees, and the largest many thousands. The fruit is gathered in baskets similar to peach bas kets, lined with canvas, the basket being held by a strap attached and passed around the neck or shoulders. From the garden the fruit goes to the repacking magazine, where it is removed from the boxes in which it was packed in the gardens, and repacked for shipment by experienced female packers, after having been carefully assorted by women and wrap- ped in separate papers by young girls. As many as live hundred persons, mostly women and children, are employed by some of the fruit-growers in their gardens and magazines in gathering, sorting and repacking for ship- ment, the wages paid them varying from nine to sixteen ceuts a day. A full-grown orange tree yields from five hundred to two thousand fruit annually, and arrives at the bearing state in three or five years, as does the lemon tree. In sorting, every fruit that wants a stem is rejected. The boxes are then securely cov- ered, strapped and marked with the brand of the grower, when they are ready for ship- ment. Twenty years ago this trade was noth- ing in its commercial characteristics, or the inducements it offered to capitalists. Now it is progressing with giant strides into promi- nence, and is a considerable source of reve- nue to the Government. Tamarind. This beautiful tree is a native of the East Indies, but is now considerably cultivated in warm climates elsewhere. Only one species seems to be known — a spreading tree, thirty or forty feet high, with alternate pinnate leaves, which have from twelve to fifteen pairs of small leaflets, and fragrant flowers with three petals, the pods brown and many-seed- ed, as thick as a man's fingt^r and about six inches long. The pods are filled with a plea- sant, aciduous, sweet, reddish-black jjulp. They are usually preserved by putting hot syrup on the ripe pulp, but a better method is to put alternate layers of tamarinds and sugar in a stone jar, the color and taste being thus more like those of the fresh pulp. The wood of the tamarind tree, and espe- cially, of its roots, is a cabinet wood of much beauty but of extreme hardness, so that it is wrought with much difficulty. On chemical analysis, the pulp is found to contain citric, tartaric and malic acids, pot- ash, sugar, vegetable jelly, etc. As salt of copper is a common adulteration, a piece of polished iron — a knife for example — should be pluuged into the pulp and left in it for an hour, when, if copper be present, it will bo deposited on the iron. The pulp is cooling and gently laxative, and is often employed in febrile complaints. It is used in India as a soothing article of diet, and a kind of sherbet is made from it. It is also an excellent addition to curries. Tamarind tea is made by infusing them in boiling water; when cold it forms an agreea- ble and cooling ilriuk iu inflammatory and fe- brile disorders. AVhey is prepared by boiling an ounce of tamariids with a pint of new milk, and stiainiug. This also is an oxcelleut drink in similar cases. MnsHEOoMs. — In the whole range of gar- den crops there is not one of easier cultiva- tion or more certain product. To grow these fungi on a small scale for family use, procure two cartloads of good, fresh stable manure and shake out the longest straw, then turn it over iu the open air two or three times to get rid of the rank steam. When this is done take the dung into any shed or outhouse, and mix with it thoroughly about four barrowfuls of ordinary fresh soil. The bed is then to be made up on the floor of the shed or room to the depth of about twelve inches, pressed rather firmly, and spawned when at a temper- ature of between 75 and 80 degi-ees. A cov- ering of about one inch of good strong loam in rather a rough state is then added and beaten level with a spade. By using heavy loam as a covering, the mushrooms produced are of a much more solid character than when light, sifted soil is used. They are conse- quently more valuable, commanding a much higher price in the market. The whole is then covered up with at least nine inches of straw or long litter. Here, in a nutshell, is the whole secret of growing this most delicious of esculents. We know a lady near Baltimore, who, by the above process, not only supplied her own ta- ble with mushrooms, but had enough to spare to bring her the snug sum of $1,500. — Turf, Field and Farm. To distinguish mushrooms from toadstools: 1. Sprinkle a little salt on the sjiongy part or gills of the sample to be tried. If they turn yellow they are poisonous, if black they are wholesome. Allow the salt to act before you decide the qiiestion. 2. False mush- rooms have a warty cap or else fragments of ments of memlirane adhering to the upper surface, arc heavy, and emerge from a vidva or bag; they grow in tuft or clusters iu woods, on the stumps of trees, etc., whereas the true muslirooms grow in pastures. 3. False mushrooms have an astringent, styptic and disagreeable taste. 4. When cut they turn blue. 5. They are moist on the surface, and generally — (!. Of a rose or orange color. 7. The gills of a true mushroom are of a ]>inky red, changing to a liver color. 8. The flesh is white, il. The stem is white, solid and cvliudiical. — Ohio Farmer. .R. TENNYSON'S alluMon to the slow movement of science from point to »lil point is very true in general, for by the Cdlx time we are reaping the benefits of an X^S^ improvement wo often forget its in- auguration. The progress of fish culture, however, is a notable exception. It is only a very few years since it was thought of in ref- erence to our own waters, and the actual adoption of public measures to that end is still fresher in our memories. The result is already evident to every one in this vicinity who has occasion to pay market bills ; and in all the States where efficient commissions have been appointed, for two or three years a like increase in the supply of fish and de- crease in the prices is noted. Indeed, the fishermen and dealers are iu some quarters grumbliug because they have to take and sell more fish in order to make their accustomed profit ; but they will not be apt to arouse much sympathy in the public heart on that account. In the Hudson River, this spring, the shad are very abundant and of excellent quality. As some five million artificially hatched youug ones are set free every year, and the catch can not, under existing con- ditions, much exceed a third of that number, the prospect is that we shall see a still further increase. Probably it would be well for us, as a people, if we ate more fish and less meat, and as our waters are adapted for the cultiva- tion of a score or two of species, we should not lack a varied bill of fare. Then, too, there is the moral effect upon the rising gen- eration. What small boy, not abnormally de- veloped in the back of his head, will not pre- fer to go a fishing, with a fair chance of good luck, to engaging in the mischievous pursuits now so common to his kind ? We regard the black bass recently introduced in our inland lakes and streams as potent missionary agents for the reclamation of youthful criminals. If Jesse Pomeroy had been able to keep his mother's table supplied with fish, perhaps he would not have been the murderer that he is. — Uro. and Prov. Peview. Peojilo who must draw the line somewhere -anglers. Fish Interchange.— Prof. Baird, United States fish commissioner, has received a con- signment of hve fish from the Danube. They were four weeks on the way. Of the three hundred shipped only 27 were received alive. They have been sent to Mr. Hessel, one of the Maryland fish commissioners. Seven of them are carp, eight gold tench, and eleven common teuch. Mr. Hessel expects at least 2,000.000 eggs from these specimens this sea- son. In return for the courtesy. Prof. Baird has sent to Germany 400.000 shad eggs. The eggs Avill be sent on flanuel trays, arranged in a case, the cloth being kept moist by dripping water. This arraugcnieut is the patent of N. W. Clark, a Michigan pisciculturist. The hatching of the eggs cannot be retarded more than five or six days, aud they will then bo transferred for hatching to water in i)atent cans, by the two persons whom Prof. Baird has stlected to take the shad to Europe. After landing to Bremen the young fish wdl be carried to the river Weser, where they will be put as far iis possible from the mouth of the stream.— i'cAIXTER'S Manual—HoiiHO and sit,'n p.iintiiiK. yraiuiug, varnishing, pnlishinp, knlsoniinin^, pa- pering. ,^c., .50 cents. Book of Alphabets, .^)U; Scrolls !ind Ornaments, $1; <;'ar])enter's Mannal. .')0: Wati h- maker and .Jewrler, 5ri: Taxiderniist, .50: Snai)-Tnalicr, 2.";; Authorslii]., .'ill; Lii;htninK (l.-ilculatcr, M; Hniiler and Tra|Ji« r's (iiiiile, 'Jll; Hog Tniiiiint,'. :«. Of hook- sellers, or by iiiiiil. JESSE IIANEY it CO., 11'.) Kas eau street, N. Y. fo _ Pleasant, anil ProfUaltle Kinployinciit. — ■' lieautiful !" " Charming I" " Oh, how lovel> !"* "What arc thoy worthv" »lc. Such ar*^ tlic oxclama- tions by those wno see the large, elegant Nt(\v Chroiuus prodnird by the Eiu-opean aud .\merican Chronio Pub. lishing Oo. They are all perlect Gems of .\rt. No one can i-esist the temptation to buy when seeing ihe ChrcmioB, Canvassers, Agents, and ladies and gentle- men out of employment, will And this the best op.-n- iug ever offered to make money. For full particulars, seiul stamp for eontideutial circular. .\ddrcss F, GLEASON, & CO., 7;i8 Washingtoh St., Boston, Mass. 10. a. T.— GRANGER LODGE, No. 295, meets • eveay MONDAY evening, at 8 o'eloek. In thr-ir Hall, No 2S4 Santa Clara street, over the S. .1. Savings Bank. Members of sister Lodges and sojonruing members in good standing are invited to attend. Jous B. Srr.vr.NS, W. Sec'y. Evert/ Intelligent Farmer knows that neither boys nor hired men are always to be relied upon, in his absence from home, for watering stock. Every Stock Raiser will admit that a constant supjily of water keeps his stock in an easy and contented condition, and they will consequently fatten faster. By the use of the ECLIPSE SELF-GOV- ERNING WIND-MILLS water can be abundantly furnished at any desired place. By making a tank 16 ft, long, 8 ft. wide and 2 ft. deep, you have a reservoir of nearly GO barrels of water, which the ECLIPSE MILL will keep filled, for occasional calms. We do not buikl the ECLIPSE for a cheap mill. We make it for service, and our castings alone weigh 107 lbs. more than those of other mills. Our wood- work is too well known for comment, as all acknowledge our wide, heavy fans su- perior to the thin, narrow slats. Having over 3,000 mills in successful operation, a ijurohaser knows just what he is buying. Should you desire a windmill for any purpose, or pumps, address Charles P. Hoag, 118 Beale St. San Francissco, Cal., for descriptive circulars. HOW TO PAIHT, A New Work by a Practical Painter, designed for the UKe of Trailesmen, Meclianics, Mercli- ants, Fiirmers, and uh a Guide to Professional Painters. Cuutaiuiiitia plain, ctunmoii Benfie state- of the methods ewiph.iyed by Painters to produce sat- isfactory results iu Plain and Fancy Painting; of every description, iuiluding Formulas for Mix- ing Paint in Oil or Water, TooIb rcfiuired, etc. This is just the Book needed by any person haviut,' anything to paint, and makes ** every Mau his oivn Painter." Full Directions for using ■^\^lite Lead, Lani|i- Black, Ivory Black, Prussian Blue, Ultra- Marine, Green, Yellow, Yertuilion, Brown, Lake, Carmine, AViiitiny, Glne, Pumice Ntone, Asi>Ualtuiu and Spirits of Turpen- tine, Oils, Variiislies, Furniture Varnisli, Milk Paint, Preparinj^- Ivalsomiite, PAINT FOE OUT-BUILEINGS, Wliitewasli, Paste for Paper-llang^inf;, Griiiiiiii;;> ill ttak, 3Iaple, I>I;iliio^jiiiy, Rose- wood, ISIack W^alnnl; llan^j^in^ Paper, Stainin;:;-, Gildiii;^, Bron'£iii^, Transferring; I>ecale<»niaiiia, Maki]i;>: Rustic Pictures, Paintiiijur Fhtwer-Stand, Malio^any PoHhIi, Rosewood l^olish. Vamishi n^ F'urnit ure Waxing Furniture, deuiiin;^^ Paint, PAINT M PAEMIN& TOOLS, for Macliinery, and for Household I'^ixtures. TO PAINT A PARM WAGON, lo Re-vai'ikish a Carriage, to niake Plaster Casts. The work is niiiitly printed, with illnntra- tioiiH whercvtr tliey can serve to make the subjfct plainer, iind it will nave many times its cost yeiirly Kvery family should possess a copy. Price by mail poKt-i)aid.$ I . Address Ai^riculturist and Live Stock Journal, SAN J()^^r, c'.Mj. THE Jackson Wagons Are kimwn to he THE BEST TARIVI V^AaOIVS Sold on this Coast. Sold quite afi low as the very many poor ones otTered f adverrise in. It dvies not claim hun- dreds nf th'uisands of readers In order to deceive ad- verti'-ers; but it does claim to reach, by bona fuie suhhtiiption. nearly every agricultural State in the Union, and in nuiny counties In Iowa its circulation exceeds that of the local press. Send 10 cents for stunple copy and you will like it. No attuutiou paid to i^o-stal cards asking for samples. ALEX. CHARLES, Cedar Rapids. Iowa. BOOK A&ENTS and MOD SALESli Aro " COINING IIUNEY " with " CHRIST in ART," ILLUSTRATED ^ITH THE FAMOUS Bida Designs, TlK- I'lcuih Eflition of whiih SiUs lor Sltl.'i.lHl .lud the Liinihin Kililicii tor ;f.!0(l.()ll. Our Popular Edition, ' ciiiiti.inilii! civiT Oue Hundred full-page iiiuirto platea, islllc iHEAl'EST ASI> MOST EI.EOANT ruULlCVTMN in AMKKirA, nlid the UEST TO SELL. The critics via with ejich other iu praising it, and tho muBBes hty it, Fioin local assent iu Southport, Conn.: "In our vil- lai^e of einlitv houses I huve taken sixty-five orders; have canvassed iu all aliout twelve days (in villaijo and couutrv) . aud have taken orders for one hundred aud six coplesl" FULL PAHTICULAUS EUEE. Address J. B. FORD &. CO.. Proprietors, :i:l*.» Kearny >!.. San Fritiieisco- INVENTORS! p?U sr,;. J a iiioiiel or sketili ati.l ii mil det^cription of your in- vention. We -.vill make an examination at the I'atent OtVic-, iiud if we think it patentable, will send you pai»ers and advice and prosecute your case- Our fed will be. in ordiunry cases, $J5. Advick frke. Ad- dress LOUIS I5.\GGElt Jt 00. Washington. I). O. ttJrSenrt Vostal Ciu-d for our " GoiDE for OBTAiNmo Patents," a boidc of 50 pages. DR. C. R. SPAW, Resident Dentist, Corner of Fiivt and Santa Clara streets. in McLaughlin & Rylaud's building. Sun Jose, Cal. -^^^^^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. C. S. Crydenwise, CARRIAGE AlAKKK. PIONEKR CAU- riuge Shop. 314 Second Stkeet, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alky. SAN JOSE. As*snt for Fish Bro. ^s Wag-ons. Zioclse dSs Montag^ue, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware &c. 112 and 114 Battery Street SAN FRANCISfO. THE PARKER GUN: SEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR ; PARKER BRO'S WEST MERiDEN,CT.: WM. SHEWS m mmmE establishment, 115 KKAKNV ST., SAN FRANCISCO. This well known *'Paln.ce of Art," formerly lo- cated tu Muntgoniery St., No. 417, is now on Kiarny St., No. 115 and has no connoction with any otluT. Strangers visiting the City will find it for their int- rest to patronize thiH establishment for auy kind of picture from Min;iture to Life Size. N. B. The very best Uembrandt Cards Album Pize J per doz. equal to any that cost $4 on Montgomery St.; other sizes equally low in proportion. ap Side Peed and Back Feed. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOST SIM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKET. Always in Order andReadyforWork.^ If there is a FLORENCE MACHINE within one thousand miles of San Fran- cisco not working well, I will fix it with- oat any expense to the owner. SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Street, GRAND HOTEL BniLDIN0, 0n, 000 Authorized Capital $1,000,000 President JOHN W. HINDS Vice-President E. C. SING I.ETAlt Y Cashier W. T. TISDALE Directors : C. Burrel, C. G. HarriBon, Wm. D. Tisrtale, E. C. Singletary, E. L. Bradley, Wm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds. Will allow Interest on DepoPitfl, buy and sell Ex- change, make collections, loan money, and transact A General Banking Business. Special inducements offered to farmers, merchants, mechanics, and all classes for commercial accounts. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. eep --^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. StoTCi, Eaiges, Pimps, Hydriulic KiBt, Lead and Itsi Pipe, Brass Soods, Hose Wire, Farmers' Boilers, EoQse Tsmishins Wares. Eh <4 E-i'- c/l 1 W g CO H^l pi . SCOTT, IKE.D., Physician and Druggist. SUBSCRIBE — For. THE — "'H ^ U N S II I N Jj ^ —THE 0>-LY— CHILDREFS MAGAZIITE PuT>liBhed on THE PACFIC COAST. Only ^I.IO a Year. A sums present' rOHHILDREN! And one that vrill continue A Source of Pleasure During the whole year. Addrees, SUNSHINE, Poetoffice Box 288 Santa Clara. E. J. WILCOX, Wiifoxlilofk,No.]9d First St., SArr JOSE, CA£. California and Eastern Made BOOTS AlTD SHOES, A Large and Superior Assortment. lUo. 394 First Street, Wllr.ox Block, San Jose. ALL KINDS OF rjALiFonNiA m mm ^ LUMBER, " Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc Conytautly on baud. All Orders Promptly Filled. p. O. Box 5UL.S, and sat- isfaction guaranteed in ullj KeuHonable Ca^es. lji:^Offico hours from 8 a. m. to 1 v. u„ and from 2 to 0 r. M. ''Phese Valves are thesim- J. i)le6t and iiniKt iierfect in cuUKtnn'- tinn of any Valve ever invented. For fheapuens, durability and capacity of dinL-har^ug water, tbcy are nut equaled by any other Valve. We manufacture Bizes from 3 to 7 inches diamt^ter, and for Hand, Windmill and Horse-power or Steam PumpB. We also keep on hand and mannfac ture the best and cheapest WELr> Pu'Ej FRED. KLEIN, Dealer in Stoves, etc.. No. 227 Santa Clara street, a few doors Avest of the Postitffice. San Jose, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, aar First street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOE Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. C. SCHRODEF^, CALIFORNIA CANDT rACTORI, 349 Santa Clara Street, Near tho Opera House, San Jose. Confectionery in Great Variety, WItolseale and Retail. lO" Orders promptly attended to, FRED. KLEIN, STOVES, SHEET-IRON, Coj^per, Tinware, Iron Pttmps, Kitchen Ulensil-<, Celelirated Peerless Stoves. If) Santa Clara St , Near PoBtoflice. San Jobe. mxiJ D^, N. KLEIN, SURGEON DENTIST. RHODES & LEWIS, APOTH'ECAEIES, Nu. .13.5 First Street, SA.N JOSB m. Volume 6 m It ITOVEMBER. ITum'ber 11. bsc-iption Price, $1.50 a year. SAN JOSE, CAL., NOVEMBER. 187 = Single Copies, 15 cents. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Fag-e 318, Kclitorial.— Fair Notes. Something from Nevada. An Apology. List of New Ad- vertisemeuts. Editorial Xotes. Etc. I Forgive (original) . The 343, 344, Poetry, Farmer King. The Independent Farmer Waiting for Luck. Autumnal. The Autumn of the World. Autuum's Last Kosary. The First Breath of Autumu. 345, Kditorial. — Another Railroad Scheme. Irrig;itiun. Itt traction. 34G, Editorial (continued) . — Spontaneous CreDciatiou, Alden Factory Raisins. Grupes for Cnristmas. The Season. King Coin. 247, Correspondence. — State Fair Notes. Letter from \olo County. 348, Correspondence (continued]. "Hny- bced" not all Chufi. Tree Phtnting. 34J», Irri$;ation. — Proposed Legislation. Tile liorse. —The Horse Disease, with Notes and Itumtiiks. 350, Tlie Dairy. —Making Cheese in a Small Way. Horticulture. — Ihe Gardener's La- ment. Tu Grow Chestnut Trees. 351, Horliculture (continued). Evergreens Among Fruit Trees. The Flo*ver Garden. — Gi Hi flowers. Queries. Putting Plants. Huw tu Sow Small Seeds. Washing House Plants. Etc. 353, lloaseli'ld Reading. — Chats V ith Farmers' Wives and Daughters, (by Jewell). — No. 10— Economical Young Women. Grand- lather's Letter, No. 2. Domestic. — About Husbands— tn the Gals. Familiar Talks- No. 4, (by Snip)— Good Living. 353, First Letter, by "Busy Bee." Recipes Etc. 354, Hyjjieulc— My Neighbor'sBaby. Two Ways ut Feeding Biibies. (by " Jewell") . How Agnes Rears her Baby. 255, Stock. Breeder. — Semi-annual Conven- tion ut the SliurtUurn Stotk-Breeders' Asso- c.atiuu. Fuot and Mouth Disease. Live Stuck at the Centennial. 256, Stock Breeder (continued) .—Live Stock Values. Jersey Cattle Sale. Ayrshire Sale. Etc Sheep and GoatS; —Angora Goat Fleece. ( atshmere Goats. Wool in Col- orado. New Breed of Sheep. 357,— Sheep and Goats, (contimied).— A Cure fur Huof-ail. Etc. The Vineyard.- Raisin Culture. Etc. 258. The Vineyard (continued). — Cali- toruia Dried Fruit. Hay and Grain.— Grain Culture in California (Edituriul). Brit- isU Grain Harvetit. Bermuila Grans Hay. Wheat Crop In 1875. New Fodder. Etc. 259, Hay and Grain (continued) . — Short Crops East. Apiary .^PaciHc Coast Bee Notes. Piittuiage lor Bees. Etc. 200, Exbliange Notices' Do'^^n With Monopolies WAR ON HIGH PRICES! T Great Heduction in the Price of Furniture THE SAN JOSE FUKNITURE COMPANY WOULD RESPECTFm,LY ANNOUNCE TO THE PUBLIC THAT THEY HAVE JUST RECEIVED A CAR load of SOLID WALNU;r FURNITURE from the EaRt; also a lar^e lot of San Francisco -work, from the CHEAPEST to the BEST, and it is their intention to keei) in future a Full and Complete Assortment of Eastern and City made Work, which, taken together with that of their own manufacture, will give them the Ij.'VKGEST as well as the BEST ASSORTED STOCK of Household Furniture to be found in Santa Clara county, thereby enabliuff their customers to choose between our own work and that of other manufact- urers, at prices at least 5 PER t'EINT. LO\VE>c than any other house in the State. San Francisco not cxi^ipted. The Furniture Dealers throughout the State are invited to call and examine our Stock, as we believe it will be to their interest to at least give us a trial order. A SPECIALTY is made of furnishing Hotels. Offices, Banks, Churches and Public Institutions. FIVE PREMIUMS were awarded us at the late County Fair for work of OUR OWN MAXCFACT- URE. Please call and examine our Stock before making your purchases. All orders sent us will be promptly at ended to and guaranteed. •Wareroom— Wos. 422 and 424 First Street. FACTORY— Corner of Fwurtli and San Fcriiando Stre^ ts. BEITITETT <& CO., Proprietors. @:x3si SfS P4 U ■ 01 O u H H A E4 02 a Vi 14 i>4 o M r—i 0 0 ri «>3 THE COOI3EITOX7GH COMMO.X-SEN'SE SYSTKJI Cor Santa Clara di. San Fedro Sts. (Opposite Post Office.) The only Natural Mhi of Shusinrthe Horse —TO PREVENT— CORITS, B"Cr2TI01TS, Contraction of the HOOF, and all LAMENESS resultiuf^ from Unsound Feet. T. H. IiAHCOTVl, Proprietor California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. i i,.< VERTICAIi FEED mmi SEWIN& MACHINE. TT OOES NOT TAKE R. S. THOMPSON, NAPA, f A I, GEO. S. HOLMES (Formerly Xeedhatn it Co,.) m IVumber 438 First Street. — Opposite XSeva "Sork Bakery. N STORE F ROM THE EAST, A LARGE LOT OF READY-MADE SQUARE AND OVAL Walnut Fr ames, bought at a low price. Chromos mounted. Picture Frames of all sizes MADE TO ORDER at the very lowest prices. A choice lot of Chromos and Engrafings bought at auction. Iiow Rent and Low Prices. Satisfaction Guaranteed. BUEEDEHS' DIHECTORY. Parties desiring to purchase Live Stock will find in this Directory the names of some of the most reliable Breeders. Our Rates. — Cards of two lines or less will be in- serted in this Directory at the rate of 50 cents per month. A line will average about eight words. Payable annually. CATTLE. C. B. POIiHEMUS, Saii Jose. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle, SHEEP AND GOATS. MRS. ROBERT BLACOW, Centersille, near Niles Station, Alameda county, Cal. Pure-blooded French Merino Kams and Ewes lor Bale. A.G. Cal. STONESIP'ER, Hill's Ferry. .Stanislaus Co., , breeder of Pure-blooded Frencb Merino Sheep. , „ AN HOtIB TO GET eady to do a minute's work, but is always ready m a n inute to do aday's woik. „„„,w 1 he Favorite of the Family circle. Buns more easily and quietly than any other machine. The DAVIS presents these advantages : It previnis fulling or gathering of goods, will sew over thict seams or from one thlciuess to another, \vitho\it change ot stitch or tension, and make the most Elastic. Durable and Uniform Lock Stitch of any Machine before the The only one having an Automatic Bobbin Winder, and the most wonderful attachment for making the The peculiar feature of DAVIS is its VERTICAL FEED, which is essentially different from any other Machine manufactured, requiring no acquired skill to operate it, nor basting of the goods, and all should give it an anamination at least before purchasing any other, After six weeks' trial at the Franklin Institute Exhi- bition, held at Philadelphia in 1H74, it was Awarded «lie Grand Medal Against Nine- teen Competitors ! And has universally been awarded the FIRST PRE- MIUM at all principal Fairs where exhibited. We have the best manufacturing machine in use. Energetic and responsible Agents wanted in all un- occupied territory. ror further information, circular and terms, call on or address G. L. BIGELOW, Agent for Santa Clara County. Salesroom, Wo. 436 First Street, SAN JOSE, Or TBE DAVIS SEWING MACUIN'E CO.. I I 8 Post St., San Erancisco. S. N. PUTNAM, breeder Cattle, Santa Clara, Cal. of Pure-bred Durham S. B. EMERSON, Mountain View, Santa Clara , county. Cal., breeder of Short-Horn and Holstein Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CHARLES CLARK, Mllpitas. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. CYRUS JONES Si CO., San Jose, Santa Clara county. Cal., breedersof Short-Horn Cattle. "Young Bulls for sale." COLEMAN YOUNGER, San Jose, Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. L. J. Cal. HANCHETT, San Jose. Santa Clara county, , breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. R. 6. SNKATH, Menlo Park. San Mateo Co , Cal., choice Jerbey Cows, Heifers and Bull Calves for sale CABR •& CHAPMAN, Gabllan, Nonterey county, Cal., breeders of Trotting Horses, Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. R. B. CANNON, Suisun. Solano county, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. A. VROMAN. Jenny Lind, Calaveras county, Cal.. Cotswold Bucks for sale. References, Moody & Far- ish, San Francisco; Shippee, McKee & Co., .Stockton. LENDBUM St, ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal., im- porters and breeders of Pure Apgora Goats. C. P. BAILEY, San Jose Cal., importer, breeder and dealer in Cashmere or Angora Goats. Fine Pure-bred and Grade Goats for sale. LENDBUM & ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of the finest Cotswold Sheep and Angora Goats. MCCRACKEN & LEWIS, San Jose, Cal. Im- porters and breeders of fine Angora Goats. Also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. THOS. BUTTERFIELD & SON, BIUCEl'ERS AND IMP'iRTKRS OF ANGORA OR CASHMERE GO-ATS, BS" Also, Cotswold and other long wool Sheep. "^8 FRENCH AND SPANISH MERINOS. HOLLISTER, MONTEREY CO., CAI,. ' S WINE. CH.ARLES CLARK, Milpitas, Santa Clara County, Cal., breeder of Purebred Berkshire Swine. POULTRY. JOS Cal L. CHAMBERS, St. Johns, Colusa county, , breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. C. COMSTOCK, Sacramento, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. J.BREWSTER, Gait Station, Sacramento county, Cal , breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. AVM. FLEMING, Short-Horn Cattle. Napa, California, breeder of W. L. OVERHISER. Stockton, San Joaquin Co., Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. l.Ul-uitl'Elt A.Mi liUEEDER OF THOROUGH-BBED BERKSHIRE SWINE. FOR SALE. /?A One and two years old Thorout;l>I>red OU Spanish Merino Rams. California bred, from Ewes imported from Vermont, and sired by Severance & Peet'B celebrated ram Fkemont, and by their ram Gheen Mou.NTAiN. which took the first premiums at the Bay Itistrict and State Fairs. East shearlnK. 36 )^ lt>p, year's growth. .Also, about lOO Ewes and Lambs, all of Green Mountain stock, bred this year, .ie B. F. WATKINS, Santa Clara, Cal. J. B. BEDMOND, Black Point, Marin county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. MOSES WICK, Oroville, Butte county, California, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. J. R. ROSE, Lakeville. Sonoma county, Califor- nia, breeder of Devon Cattle. MRS. L. J. 'WATKINS, Santa Clara, Premium Fowls. White and Brown Leghorn. S. 8. Hamburg, L. Brahmas. B. B. Bed Game, Game Bantams, and Aylesbury Ducks. Also, Eggs. M FALLON, Seventh and Oak streets, Oakland, Cal., offers for sale Eggs from every variety of choice Fowls. ALBERT B. BUBBANK, 43 and 44 California Market. San Francisco, importer and breeder of Fancy Fowls, Pigeons, Rabbits, etc. MEAT MARKETS. I EDDY & BBO., Stall No. 1, City Market, do a gen. i eral butchering and market business. City orders delivered free of extra charge. G. D. MORSE, Ban Francisco, Breeder of Short- Horn and Devon Cattle. J. R. JEWELL, Petaluma, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle Sonoma coimty, Cal. SENECA DANIEI S, Lakeville, Sonoma county. Cal., breeder of Devon Cattle. JOHN JUDSON, Bloomfleld, Sonoma county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. A. MILLARD, San Rafael, Marin county, CalJfor. nia, breeder of Jerseys and Alderneys. a. p. I.IVERMORE, Short-Horn Cattle. San Francisco, breeder of BENNETT & PAGE, ShortrHorn Cattle. San Francisco, breeders of LEWIS PIERCE, Suisun, Solano county, Califor- nia, breeder of Shoi-t-Horn Cattle. MISCELLANEOUS. S. HARRIS BARRING, San Jose, Cal.. aftent for several breeders of H'St Purebred animals and poul- try. We bring tlie breeder and purchaser together diVert, and do not stiind between them, while we aid each for moderate jiay. DAWSON «te BANCROFT, U. S. Live Stock Ei- chauKe. southeast corner o4 Fifth and Bryant streets San Francisco. All kinds of common and thorough- bred Stock always on exhibition and for sale. SPLENDID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, only Sa a dozen, and Cabinets $4 a dozen, at HOW- LAND'S Gallerj- {Heering's old stand] No. 35i( First street, San Jose. fe ly WALLACE & ROBUNS, 3SG First street. HiindBome turnouts always on hand at fair prices. Finehearso for funerals. Carriages for sale. Give us a trial. SANGUINETTI, 418 an4 <20 First si. Bookcases, wardrobes, kitchen safes and picture frames made to order. Fumitiu-e made and repaii-ed. B. alifomia Agriculturist Vol. e. Saxi Jos©, Cal., ITovemToer, 1875. No. 11 FAIR NOTES. We did intend wriiiug up very complete ■ notes of the exhibition of industrial interests of the annual Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society's Fair this season, but owing to tne lateness of getting out the November issue, we will only call attention to the most striking features, and note the steady advance of im- provements. There wag much more interest . felt in the exhibition of fine stock than ever before, both by exhibitors and the masses of the people. Although .the horse-racing was set up as the great feature, there was a good display of useful horses, and they attracted .attention. No better cattle exhibit was ever held in this State. A parade of these called out a large attendance of people. The exhibit of swine was the best we have seen, although Mr. E. S. Thompson and Mr. Mills, neither of them, showed their fine Berkshires. Poultry attracted a good deal of attention, also. In fact, people are awake to the valiTO of good breeds of all kinds of live stock. Manufacturers stepped to the front with some of the best implements ever before seen on this Coast. The Straw-Burner thresher was there, several improved gang plows put on trial, and much interest shown in agricul- tural machinery and implements. The wagon and carriage makers of San Jose did much credit to themselves and to the town by their large and handsome show of excellent work. No person needs to import work when such can be obtained at home. The furniture shown from our home manu- factory was of a very superior quality. The woolen goods were unrivalled by those made anywhere. The gloves made by Wilcox & Williams were as fine as any one ever saw, and as good, too. The Angora Glove and Robe Company exhibited goods th.at attracted much curiosity and elicited much praise. This company is doing more to develop the Angora goat business and make it at once remunera- tive and popular than has ever before been done in Europe or America. Our nurserymen did much to show what fine plants they are now producing. Many species of tropical plants that are proving to be hardy in our climate were shown. Partic- ularly of the palm family there were many varieties. Eock, Sanderson and Fox were the principal exhibitors in this line. O'Don- nell confined his show this season to a dis- play of curiosities from his Public Garden. The showing of fruits, though not so large as sometimes, contained all the most choice va- rieties. In fact, our growers have now got the fruit business so reduced to a certainty, that a few varieties-the best-are aU that they care to cultivate for the market. In the fine arts we find that there is consid- erable talent in San Jose. Mr. Brewer's plaster statue of S. A. Bishop, our " common sense" and "age of reason" horse-raih-oad man, was life-like and exhibited a good deal of ability, both of artist and subject. Coombs showed some superior sculpture work. Miss Lotz deserves more than a mere mention for her painting. As a painter of animals, she is bound to gain fame if she perseveres, and no mistake. There were many other very notable improvements and worthy exhibitions which deserve praise. One thing is sure, there is no locality in the State of California that can show so many fine animals and so varied an array of productions of utility and artistic merit, as can Santa Clara county. The State Fair this year, so say good judges, fell short of ours in point of worthy exhibi- tions. All that our local Agricultural Society needs is to reform some of the horse-race gambling features and prohibit liquor selhng on the grounds, to make our fairs worthy of the name indeed. There is enough of indus- trial worth here to draw everybody to see, if the products were all on exhibition. Let our premiums reward the producers, instead of entertaining a lot of black-legs, and we will succeed in more directions than one. The fairs can be so economically con- ducted as to pay expenses without gambling, and so conducted in the best interests of the whole people as to pay largely in doing good, at the same time that they afford pleasure to all. SOMETHING FROM NEVADA. Mr. I. T. Wood, of Carson City, Nevada, in a letter containing two new subscribtions says : It is a great pleasure to recommend the Cali- FOKNiA AoKicnLTUBisT, it givcs Buch good satisfaction. It is destined to have a large circulation in the State of Nevada. Every new subscriber here says th^t is is just the paper that they need. Our correspondent also adds the following intelligence: The last few years have estab- lished the fact that we are at the head as an apple-growing State. Nevada apples com- mand one cent more a pound than California apples, and will keep two months longer than some varieties of California apples. Ours are finer grained texture, are crisper and of superior flavor. Nevada is not surpassed in the production of hardy fruits, and many thousand fruit trees will be planted this sea- son in our State. Nevada is something more than a mining State. [We have long known this, and advocated it too. We spent two years in Nevada some nine years ago, and carried a lot of trees there and helped plant an orchard on Tolle's ranch, near Eeno. Also took twenty-four hives of bees into Nevada. We found it up-hill work to introduce fruit trees or bees there, as but few persons would have any faith that they would amount to anything. But we saw fine fruit grow there, and took as high as seventy-five pounds of good honey from a hive of bees in a single season, besides leaving enough for the bees. The sage brush and other wild plants furnish fine pasturage for the bees, as well as live-stock generally; and the sage brash soil, where it can be irri- gated, is generally very productive of vegeta- bles, hay or grain. Alfalfa, of which there was not probably fifty acres in cultivation in Nevada, when we were there, is now one of their most valuable crops. — Indeed it is some- thiug more than a mining State. It is fast being developed into one of the finest agricul- tural districts on this unsurpassed Pacific sloiJe.] ■ ■* *» An Apology is what any publisher of a periodical dislikes very much to make, and, also, what readers don't care to be bothered with. They would rather see every thing run. ning smoothly and to their satisfaction with- out it and so would we. But we believe that the relation between publisher and patron should be such that perfect frankness and con- fidence can at all time be maintained between them. It is your paper as much as it is ours. Ours to produce, yours to appropriate. There is no middle man in the arrangement except- ing the postmaster. But this is not apologiz- ing. What we wish to say is that we owe our readers some explanation for being so lato this month. It was owing to a conflicting co- partnership that had to be settled before pro- ceeding. It is settled now, and we move on with increased assurance of giving satisfac- tion to our readers and of making a general success of the enterprise. The AoKicnLTU- KisT will keep right on in the path of progre* and our readers may rest assured that it will not only prove itself worthy of their patronage, but will induce them to take a deeper interest in its advancement. Let every friend feel a personal interstin this matser for all the good that can be accomplished. List of New Advertisements. Furniture — Bennett & Co., San Jose. Books and Stationery — E. H. Guppy, " Goodenough Horseshoes — T. H. Larcom, " Angora Glove and Eobe Company, " Hardware — Henry B. Alvord, " Nursery — John Eock, " Seedsman and Florist— T. W. Mitchell, " Plows— Chris. Bergstrom, " Nursery — Hanna Bros., " Eeal Estate — Eucker & Brown, " Physician — Dr. J. Bradford Cox, " Seeds — B. F. Wellington, San Francisco. Windmills and Pumps — C. P. Hoag " Farms for Sale— G. Guerinot, Los Gatos. Eailway — Chicago & Northwestern. Dentist — Arthur Gore, Santa Cruz. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. S' I « J/Vf ^hck ^/aunfiiL CAL. AGEICULTURISTTUBLISHIITG CO., - 1 S. HARRIS HERRING, E-litor 1 ^^e^-r-p-^-.^-^^-o::'--r^--ri::"^^rp^M3^!^ OFFICE: Over flie San Jose Sa^-ing-s B.-ink, BiilliarliN Biitlcliii^r, Santa Cluru. Street, near First, San Jose. SPECIAL TEEMS TO ACEiTTS. KATES OF ADVEKTISING. Per one Column $15 nO Per Month " half Column 8 (lO " •' " luurth Column 4 (lO " " " eighth Column _. 2 IK) " " '* sixteenth Culumn 1 uo " *' C^ We are determined to adhLTe to to our resolution to admi^ none but worthy business advertising in our columns, and to keep clesir of patent medicine, liquor, and ntbcr advcrtiHemi-nts of doubtful influence. 1 he- lari^'e cirrulation, the desirable ohtKR of readers, and the ueat and couvenientfonii. rend-rs this Journal a clfii.t^ medium for nachiuf,' the attention of the m-iKscs. EDIIORIAL NOTES. Best Fruits to Cultivate.— Next mouth we shall give our readers a list of best kiruls and varieties of fruits for a family orchard, also best varieties for shipping East, and for drying etc. Our reliable orchanlists and most experienced fruit-growers will be consulted in this matter for authority. What's in a Name?— There is a Santa Clara valley, also a San Jose valley in South- ern California. We don't charge them with stealing the livery of heaven to serve, etc., but with all their boasting they cannot excel in points of soil, climijte and civilization — the places by the same names in Santa Clara county. They can borrow our name but not our fame. The People generally demand cheaper postage, not only on transient newspapers, but on all other third-class matter. The Post Office will gain, not lose by a cheaper postage. Express monopolies are the only parties ben- efited by dear postage— they not only want to run a legitimate business, but to run the Gov- ernment in favor of extortion. Cheaper post- age is the peojjle's demand. The Russian Grain Harvest is authma- tively reported as very .short this season. Great Britain will need about the usual amount as last year, as near as we can approximate, and will call on California for all she can spare, at remunerative prices. Although our prospects for next year's crop is now good; yet we feel safe in predicting a rise in the price for the present crop on hand, and think it .safe to hold for an advance on present prices. Our Readers will Notice that our lady correspondents and grandfather have promis- ed an unusual feast of good things for indoors this month. It has been said with more truth than flattery that the Camfoenia Agei- CtJLTUBIST AND LiVE SlOCK JOURNAL IS the best household journal on this coast. We mean that it shall be at any rate, for as we have often said before the best part of any well conducted farm is, or should be, indoors, and the credit belongs to the wives, mothers and daughters who conduct the household depart- ment. Peas, as a farm crop where there is stock, particularly hogs, ar(? found to be quite profit- able. Sown with barley or oats, they will ripen about the same time, and will stand up better for the scythe. When cut green for feed, hogs, horses and cows will eat them ravenously. They make good pasturage, also. Sown now, they will be fit for table green very eai-ly. Peas are as easily grown as wheat or barley, but do best in rich, deep soil. Sow some, if only on trial. Prepare your Ground for an orchard by plowing it thoroughly as deep as you like. We believe in deep plowing of ground where an orchard is to be set. After the trees are three or four years planted, thorough shallow cultivation is all that is required. Drag the soil down as neaidy plane as possible. Work it well. Mark off the laud, sticking a stake in exact line of rows in every place where you are to plant a tree. This preliminary work is necessary to good, even planting, and it is always best to make a job look well. Next mouth we will give more information, with list of best varieties for an orchard. For a Vegetable Garden it is well to spread manure on the surface heavily and harrow it finely at this season. After the weeds have made a good start, turn them un- der with a plow, harrowing well again. At the end of a week or two plow again and harrow. Another plowing in January, just before planting beets, carrots, turnips, onions etc., will be well and destroy more weeds. Kemember that, with the soil well saturated as it now is, you can easily make a good garden for home use, even on dry upland. Sow cabbage and cauliflower seed for jjlants right away, in a bed away from chickens and where it can be sheltered from frost. Plant out Shade and ornamental trees until every public highway and avenue is lined with them. Kemember that the Code enjoins upon County Supervisors to i)romote the planting of trees, and as inducements on the part of owners of land entitles them to a premium of one dollar for every tree set out, when it shall have attained the age of four years. By co-operating together for the pur- pose, every urighburliood and township could bo beautified and made more valuable by the planting of trees in front of every farm. The one dollar per tree will pay the expense of planting and caring for the trees. Every grange and farmers' club should canvas this matter earnestly, to its practical eousummn- tion. Our Readers will probably take more in- terest in an annotmcement to the effect that the California Ageiccltukist and Livk Stock Journal is soon to be vastly improved in its appearance. We are employing the best ability on this coast in designing and engrav- ing a new head for our monthly, and have other first-class improvements under way, so that we expect to present to our readers in January a periodical that for real merits can- not be surpassed in America for the money. We shall also start in January with 1,000 lar- ger «irculatiou than a year ago . We want to doub- le the circulation this year and shall do so if possible with the assistance of our present subscribers. We are arranging to offer splen- did inducements to old and new subscribers to work for the California Ageicultueist AND Live Stock Journal, which every reader, old and young, rich and poor, will be pleased to entertain. Palace Hotel Squashes and stump-the- world beets have become so common in Cali- fornia that it is hardly thought worth while to take the trouble to exhibit them in our agricultural fairs. Now has turned up an enor- mous turnip from San Luis Obispo county, one of the small English variety. Our old friend, Mr. J. F. Halloway, who has just bought a farm adjoining the one on which this candidate for vegetable honors grew, came packing it into our offic? lately, and showed us that this turnip measured two feet four inches in circumference and weighed eight pounds. This turnip was finely formed and proportioned. It grew on messa or up- land, without irrigation. Mr. Holloway has been traveling for some time to find a locality and piece of laud to suit him for a home and he thinks he has found the spot at last. Where such turnips grow is a good place to vegetate. Gradually I'sforms are working in civil law and there is need enough for them too. The Grangers' Fee Bill, a bill that the Patrons of Husbandry are about to introduce before the Legislature of this State, is a move in the right direction and should become a law. It is for the purpose of limiting the amount ehargeal-ile iu cases where no special contract IS made, as to fees. We understand this is to apply to lawyers and other professional ser- vices. Lawyers in particular have before thi ii courts, among themselves, almost or quiii' unlimited jiower to make and exact most i \- orbit.ant bills tor services rendered. They ni^' mutually interested to make their services as valuable as possible to tlieni.sclves. We know how it is, and hope to see this ring broken. And we would like to see the pay for all pro- fessional services predicated upon actual val- ues of first-class labor in productive and me- chanical pursuits. If this is drawing the lino too close to suit them, let them take the benefit by going to work and realizing the pay for labor. As to qualifications, it takes just as long and rcquiri'S just as much application of mind and muscle to become a first-class me- chanic or farmer, as it does to reach the high- er rounds in any other calling, and we believe that true justice should more nearly equalizu the jiay for all intelligent services. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^octvu. I FORGIVE. BY I9AAC KINLEY. j^H, never were words bo fondly meet By tongue of mortal spoKen; Oh, ne'er was uttered thought so sweet As that dear, holy token — I forgive. I speak the soothing, sacred word; It hath no tone of sorrow. There's joy wheree'er its sound is heard, It brings no sting to-morrow. I forgive, Yet I've had wrongs, and madly deep My spirit hath been stirred; But passion soothed itself to sleep When in my heart was heard, " I forgive." Forgive each word, forgive each deed, If aught of wrong is done thee, For soon thy aching heart will bleed If vengeful thoughts have won thee. I forgive. Each angered thought we must control, The fires of passion smother, No malice cherish in the soul, No evil for a brother. I forgive. Forgive, forglvel 'lis God's command— Forgive and be forgiven; Forgive and take the profiered hand That leads thee on to heaven- I forgive. San Jose lustitiite, Nov., 1875. The Farmer King. The farmer sat in his old arm-chair, Rosy and fair. Contented there. "Kate, I declare," He said to his wife who was knitting near, " We need not fear The hard times here. Though the leaf of life is yellow and sere, " I' m the king F.nd you are the queen Of this fiiir scene, These fields of green And gold between. These cattle grazing upon the hill, Taking their fill. And sheep so still. Like many held by a single will; "These barnyard fowls are our subjects all; They heed the cull, And like a squall. On fast wings fall, Whenever we scatter for them the grain; 'Tis not in vain We live and reign. In this our happy and calm domain. "And whether the day be dim or fine, In rain and shine, These lands of mine, And fields of thine. In cloudy shade and in sunny glow. Will overflow With crops that grow. When gold is high and when it's low. •'Unvexed with shifting of stocks and shares. And bulls and bears, Stripes and cares, And the affairs Of speculation in mart and street; In this retreat Sweet peace can meet With plenty on her rural beat." The Independent Farmer. BY HENB T W. HEUBERT. How pleasant it seems to live on a farm, Where Nature's so gaudily dressed. And sit 'neath the shade of the old locust tree. As the sun is just sinking to rest; Bttt not half bo pleasant to hoe in the field. Where the witch-grass is six inches high, With the hot scorching sun pouring down on your i back — Seems each moment as though he would die! DccxnB earn moment as though he woui< r*8 pleasant to sit in the cool porch door, ^ While you smoke, half-reclined at your -K)oktng out o'er your beautiful ft.ld of gi ease, grass As it sways to and fro in the breeze; But not quite so pleasant to start with your scythe. Ere the morning sun smiles o'er the land. And work till your clothes are completely wet through And blisters cover your hands. In keeping a dairy there's purely delight; And it speaks of contentment and plenty. To see a large stable well filled wilh choice cows. Say numbering fifteen to twenty; And yet it seems hard when you've worked from the dawn Till the sun disappears from your sight, To think of the cows you have yet got to milk Before you retire for the night. But the task fairly over you cheer up once more. And joyfully seek your repose. To dream of the cream-pots with luxury filled, And milk-pans in numberless rows: But the sweet dreani is broken when early next day You're politely requested to chum, And for three weary hours, with strength ebbing fast, The victim despondingly turns! But in raising your pigs thero is truly a charm. When they sell at the present high price; And of all the young stocks which a farmer can raise, There's nothing that looks half so nice. How cheerful one feels when he leaves them at night. The encouraging number of eleven 1 But his joy slightly wanes when he goes out next day, And of live ones can count only seven! But no one disputes that the farmer is blessed With true independence and labor, Whose food don't depend on the whims of mankind. Like that of his mercantile neighbor. For God in His mercy looks down from above And patiently gives him his bread, Provided he works eighteen hours every day. And devotes only six to his bed. Waiting for Luck. Ho! ye who are listlees and moping, Sit dismally twirling your thumbs. And gloomily waiting and watching For something that thus never comes; You might just as well, foolish mortals, Expect you'll by lightning be struck; One will happen as soon as the other. Don't stand around waiting for luck. There's a saying— a good and a true one— (Take courage, you poor one who delves With a stout heart so bravely) that "Heaven Will help those who first help themselves." And you'll find, if you wish for good forttme, A pretty good way is to tuck Up your shirt-sleeves and start out and find it; Don't sit around waiting for luck. You may pine and mope on forever — Find lault and deplore your hard fate- But you'd better remember the pioverb. And act on it ere it's too late. You may pout and grumble forever; Just so long you'll find you are stuck In mire of sloth aud abasement. Dou'i sit around waiting for luck. There is wealth to be had — go and seek it; And with it get honor and fame. By the sweat of your brow you can gain them, And carve for yourself a proud name. But to do this takes tact and ambition. Persistency, hope and some pluck. Are you readyV then lose not a moment! Don't Bit around waiting for luck! Autumnal- BY J. G. WHITTIER. The Summer warmth has left the sky, The Summer songs have died away. And withered in the footpaths lie The fallen leaves, but yesterday With ruby and with topaz gay. The grass is growing on the hill; No pale, belated flowers recall The astral fringes of the rills; And drearily the dead vines fall. Frost-blackened from th? roadside wall. Yet, through the gray and somber wood, .\gainst the dusk of fir and pine, Last of their floral sisterhood. The hazel's yellow blossoms shine— The tawny gold of Afric's mine. Small beauty hath my unsung flower For Spring to own or Summer hail; But in the season's saddest hours, To skies that weep and winds that wai! . Its glad surprises never fail. O, days grown cold! O. life grown old! No rose of Jnnemay bloom again; But like the hazel's twisted gold, Through early front and latter rain Shall hints of Summer time remain. And. as within the hazel's bough, A gift of mystic virtue dwells, That points to golden ores below. And in dry, desert places tells AV'here flow unseen the cool, sweet welle- So. in the wise diviner's hand. Be mine the hazel's grateful part. To feel, beneath a thirsty land, The living waters thrill and start, The beating of the ri\'ulet'B heart, Sufficeth me the gift to light With latest bloom the dark, cold days; To call some hidden spring to sight. That iji these dry and dusty ways Shall sing its pleaeant song of praise. O. Love! the hazel-wand may fail. But thou canst lend the surer spell, That, passing over Baca's vale, Repeats the old-time miracle. And makes the desert land a well. The Autumn of the World. The last wan petals leave the rose, The latest swallows plume for flight, The Sumnier's gone where no one knows. With dead men's love and spent years' light. And warm hearts buried out of sight. Red roses are the crown of youth; The warm light strikes on lover's lips. Laugh, then, and fondle, happy mouth; And yet remember, sweet time slips — Death hun'ies on with full eclipse. So short, so sad! O, let not Death Find only faded flowers and wine. When, hungry for the joyous breath That dreams not of the year's decline. He lays his cold, white mouth to thine. Cling to the flying hours; and yet Let one pure hope, one great desire. Like snng on dying lips be set. That, ere we fall in scattered fire. Our hopes may lift the world s heart higher. Here in the Autumn month of Time, Before the great New Year can break, Some little way our feet should climb, Some little mark our words should make. For liberty's and manhood's sake. Clear brain and sympathetic heart, A spirit on flame with love for man. Hand swift to labor, slow to part — If any good since time began The soul can fashion, such souls can. And so when we are dead and past, The undying world will some day reach Its glorious hour of dawn at last. And across Time's sunken beach May smile, one moment, each to each. Autumn's Last Rosary. BY THOMAS HOOD. The squirrel gloats over his accomplished hoard, ^[The ants have brimmed their garnres with ripe grain, And honey-bees have stored The sweets of Summer in their luscious cells. The swallows all have winged across the main; But here the Autumn melancholy dwells And sighs her tuneful spells Amongst the sunless shadows of the plain. Alone, alone. Upon a mossy stone She sits and reckons up the dead and gone, With the last leaves for a love-rosary. While all the withered world looks drearily. Like a dim picture of the drowned past In the hushed mind's mysterious far-away, Doubtful what ghostly thing will .teel the last Into that distance, gray upon the gray. The First Breath of Autumn. 1 heard a voice of Axitumu in the trees Calling for me, who in far Summer lands Dwelt and made merry. In the fragrant case Of the unpeopled uplands, on the sands Of Proteus' home, I had cast off the bandft Which bound me to my fellows and their cares, Living, as 'twere, in Eden unawares. Entranced by music of the salty strands; The morning birds there cheated morning air To linger till the silent breast ot noon Laid htr rich warmth upon the dear earth's heart. And lingered there in turn, till sunset soon Grown angry, called her swiftly to depart; Thus loitering, heard I Autumn cry, " Prepare." — [Harper's Magazine for October, BoRPERRD with trees whose gay leaves fly On every breath that sweeps the sky The fresli, dark acres furrowed lie. And ask the sower's hand. Loose the tired steed and let him go To pasture where the gentians blow; And we, who till the grateful ground. Fling we the golden shower around. Fiing wide tne generous grain. We fiing O'er the dark mold the green of Spring, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ANOTHEE RAILROAD SCHEME ON FOOT. The Goverument, i. e. the people is to be asked to eudorse another little beneticial en- terprise. The enormous monopoly established by Government grants of money and lauds — (on the second mortgage plan, which an in- side ring adroitly worked up,) the great overland route no^ in existence has, become burdensome and oppressive, and the people are asked to apply an allopathic dose of counter irrUalion, by building a rival load. Another blister in the form of Government obligations is asked for, not to enrich anybody this time. Oh, no, of course not. It is all on the square for the advantage of the poor, honest people. And don't the people need a little help? to be sure after all they have suf- fered and are suffering. We do not care to argue this question. AVe are too much dis- gusted with the big steal business to ever consent to see the Government made a re- sponsible party to any more schemes to enrich corporations or individuals in any such way. When the Government condemns all private and incorporate railroad titles and itself be- comes owner of them all, and runs them in the economical interests of the people, it will be soon enough to talk about building another road. Until such time let cor- porations calculate such business ou its own merits and if it cannot rest on that, let it go till such time as it can. The New York daily Balklin contains an article on this subject from which we extract the following facts : What is styled a "National Bailroad Con- vention" is announced to meet in St. Louis this month, to which members of Boards of Trade and political bodies, as well as rail- road officers, are invited. Though no pro- gramme is given out, it requires only ordinary discernment to see that the principal, if not the only subject of deliberation, wiU be an effort to commit that body to supporting Tom Scott's Texas and Pacific Railroad subsidy scheme, with Atlantic and Pacific connection by way of St. Louis engrafted on it, which, it is understood, is to be pressed upon Congres- sional attention again this winter. Its pro- moters affect to believe that this measure has better chance of Congressional favor now than then, owing partly to the presence of a Democratic majority in the lower house, many of them new men, and to an increased pressvire lapon them from outside bodies, and to certain amendments in the bill itself, de- signed to reconcile the conflicting interests and claims of the Southwestern cities. The proposition, as we understand it, does not ask for a direct issue of Govenment bonds — as that would run counter to the public sense of propriety and to an act of Congress expressly prohibiting an increase of the public debt — but calls for the Government guaranty or en- dorsement of the Company bonds to an amount averaging $40,000 per mile for the 1,450 miles between Fort Worth and San Diego, and for 500 to 1,500 miles more for branches leading to St. Louis, Cairo, Mem- phis, Vicksburg, New Orleans, Galveston and Indianola. In other words, it seeks to com- mit the pubilc to an annual interest liabilty, as endorser, for railroad construction pur- poses on something like $70,000,000 of paper obligation for a series of years — probably viutil the roads are able to earn the amount, viz: $3,500,000 per annum, in gold. It is true, that, as drawn, the biU does not call for an abstraction of this amount semi-annually out of the Treasury, but the amount of bonds per mile is made enough at the outset to permit a portion of them being withheld, and from the sales of the same, as the interest on the re- mainder accrues, it is to be paid, In plain language, it is designed to borrow under this public guarantee, in addition to its cost, to pay the interest on its cost for a series years, longer or shorter, as the case may be. This bill is ingeniously drawn to avoid the numer- ous objections which will rise up idl over the country to any jDolicy of using public money for the furtherance of private ends. That it does, nevertheless, take from the Government something of great value must be the fact, or otherwise such tremendous exertions would not be made to secure its adoption. IRRIGATION. This most vital of all subjects to the mate- rial prosperity of California, is just now, as it should be, occupying the earnest consideration of some of the first minds in the State. They could not be better employed. Without water, many sections of our State, are, to all intents and purposes, deserts. Not that they are barren, sandy wastes, like the Saharas of Africa. By no means; for when supplied with water, either from the clouds or through irrigating ditches, they are found to be the most productive soils in the world. Water, then, is the great desideratum, and water must be had. It is our humble opinion, that the State, through her Legislature, should inaugurate a general system of irrigation. One of the very first steps in this direction should be an Act to condemn any and all waters in the State suitable to the purpose. The next, the appointment of a Board, whose duties should be to take possession of all such streams, and utilize them, through proper ditches, for the irrigation of all lauds to which they could be applied. Of course these ditches could not be constructed all at once. The system would be one which, commenced now, would reach on down to future generations. It would cost millions of dollars, and could be carried out only in accordance with the financial abil- ity of the State treasury. A reasonable tax should be levied on those farmers who should use the water, to cover interest ou the capital expended, make repairs, and in course of time reimburse the treaury for the original outlay. In all other countries, Italy, Lom- bardy, Spain and Mexico, where irrigation has been used to a large extent, the system has been a governmental measure. The ditches have been constructed by the govern- ment, and laws passed to regulate the distri- bution of the water. These systems have been successes, and we therefore advocate them here. If left to private incorporations, we believe it ^"ill be the fruitful source of liti- gation, confusion and the usual amount of extortion and dissatisfaction that attend all such undertakings. Certainly some measure can be adopted that wiU not embarrass the finances of the State, backed up by the increased productive- ness and wealth of the soil irrigated. The results would be equally beneficial to all in- dustrial interests, if correctly planned and executed. As it now is, the people's hands are tied in this matter. Farmers cannot and dai'e uot take out water on their own account in many instances, and co-operation among individuals where interests are conflicting or litigation is possible, is unsatisfactory, and distrust very often forbids communities at- tempting much in this matter. The State could and should control all waters and ini- gation for the general good. ♦©♦ RETRACTION. Mr. J. P. lloss, ui Lomi}oc, writes to us that he seriously regrets the iiublioation of his private letter, wherein he spoke of Mrs. Swantons death and of her husband's abuse, etc. He says now that his informant exag- gerated a mere rumor without foundation in fact, and that be did not write "from his own knowledge at all. He says he has investigated the matter for himself and -'desires to justify Mr. Swautun from the charges totally. This is uot the first time that rumors have taken wings as real facts. We blame our old friinl Ross for stating as facts what he had no proof of. Our only object in publishing the letter (see ijage 109, September No.) was to show the terrible demoralizing efl'ect of intoxicating liquors when used immoderately, also to show the fearful results arising from such abuses. We also sympathized with the sufferers, and with the temperance movement against those who were instrumental in working such ruin. We had the confidence in our correspondent to believe his word without question. We hope this will be a lesson for all of us to be careful how we give attention to rumors, and, above all, how we spread as trxiths what we are not positive about. There is too much of this thing done. Something maliciously, often thoughtlessly and occasionally honestly. Whatever the object an injustice is oftener. than otherwise done somebody. On general principles we are inclined to the opinion that there is much less evil in the world among people in respectable society than many appre- hend. We know the Swantou family person- ally to be respectable and well-meaning peo- ple, and regret that any falsehood should h.ave found its way into our journal, although it reflected uot so much upon any one's honor, as upon the liquor traffic itself; for every ov knows that it is often the pettied promis and ambitious ones who lose their self-controi and become lost to highest feelings and duties through iudulgence in alcoholic stimulants. It has been truly said that no poison other than alcohol will cause a man to abuse his best friends. While we regi-et that we pub- lished Boss' personal letter, we are rejoiced to learn authoritively that Mr. Swanton is in- i nooeut of the imputation the letter contained; as to his treatment of his wife — their separa- tion, etc., and iu justice to him and his laini- ly, we gladly retract all that the letter nbovp referred to contained about Mr. Swanton. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. It is still thought, by some persons, as we see by our exchanges, that oak trees spring- ing up, after the destruction of a piue forest, on the same ground, is proof of so-called spontaneous generation of plant:^ We had an opportunity of examining this point per- sonally, and gladly availed ourselves of it. A destructive fire occurred in a piece of forest not far from where we lived. It was only stopped by a heavy fall of rain. In the third or fourth year after the fire the whole face of the earth was covered with young oak trees, from one to three years old. Where did the young oaks come from? Did they grow from acorns? Undoubtedly they did. On examin- ing the soil it was found full of acorns and acorn-shells. The fallen pine trees were also found full of acorns and empty acorn-shells. The red-headed woodpeckers had inserted thousands of them in holes which they had dug in the soft piue bark for their reception. In many cases only the shells were left. These wei-e those on which the birds had lived during the past winters. But in other cases the bark had grown over the acorns and embedded them so deep that they were equal- ly protected from the weather and the birds. When dug out thej were found perfectly sound. Where the fallen trees were partially embedded in the soil, the acorns were found swelling and sprouting as far up as the mois- ture, air, heat and light could reach them. Limbs of the trees were found scattered ev- erywhere in the same condition. Can any one doubt the true source of the oaks in these cases? And yet such phenomena have been erroneously instanced as proofs of spon- taneous generation! It onlj' requires a little observation and research to arrive at the truth in these cases. We apprehend that the same scrutiny will explode all other supposed cases of the same kind, notwithstanding Prof. Tyndall's aphorism that ''matter contains within itself the power and potency of all life;" but robbed of its tautology, this sim- ply means that matter under favorable cir- cumstances produces acorns, and that acorns, uuder the same, produce oaks — all of which no one will deny. ALDEN FACTORY RAISINS, ETC. We promised to inform our readers as to the success of drying grapes into raisins at the Aldeu Factory in San Jose this season. Mr. C. T. Settle, the worthy Superintend- ent, went to considerable expense to thor- oughly inform himself how to proceed and in making preparations for a thorough trial and experiment. He fixed a lot of racks so that he i'oukl cure them slowly, and be several days about it if necessary. He frankly owns that he has not betn as successful as he expected to be. The raisins he dried are not first-class I in flavor or appearance, although some of i them are very fair for cooking purposes. Mr. '^. is satisfied, and so are we, that as good !,'vapes for raisins cannot be produced in Santa ''lara county as in the hotter interior valleys, where the season is longer for their growth and ripening, and the atmosphere is more I drying than it is here. Our grapes are as beauti- ful as those grown anywhere, but are certaiulv not as rich in saccharine substance. They are juicy but tarter iu flavor; and while they are superior shipping and table grapes, are not firstrate for curing into raisins. Mr. Set- tle thinks that sun-drying for raisins is best. One lot of valley muscat grapes, which cost 2 cents per pound, cost, for fruit and fuel, 7 4-5 cents per pound as raisins, without reck- oning other expenses. Another lot of moun- tain grapes — muscats — at 2% cents per pound, cost in raisins, for fruit and fuel, 8% cents per pound. He is satisfied that he could not place raisins cured by the Alden process upon the market for less than 11 or 12 cents, whole- sale, at a profit. A grape, to make a good raisin, must be thoroughly ripened on the vine, and be rich in saccharine matter, as well as firm of pulp. On other fruits and on vegetables the Alden factory is a grand success and a paying con- cern. Mr. Settle is now running on onions and potatoes, and they are as good as fresh when ready for niarket. Onions are raised l^lentifuily in our valley, and are afibrded by the farmers for DO cents to $1.00 per hundred pounds at the factory. Ten pounds of on- ions will make one of dried, worth, by the case, 25 cents per pound net. Onions are difficult to dry, as they scorch easily. Mr. S. thinks of making a run on squashes soon. Dried sqiiashes and sweet potatoes are splen- did when made into a flour, for puddings and pies, and, in fact, a hundred different dishes, in combination with other ingredients or alone. GRAPES FOR CHRISTMAS. For several years past Mr. Dan Hadley of San Jose, who has a small vineyard in the South end of town has managed to put sev- eral tons of fine grapes into market about Christmas time. His method of doing this is extremely simple, and has proved to be re- munerative. His vines are trained up high enough so that the bunches of grapes hang clear of the ground. And he does not pick the fruit until he is ready to market it. Hia system of preserving them is as follows: He takes common barley sacks, rips them open and after trimming the top twigs of the vine so as to allow the sack to be spread evenly over the grapes like a tent, he confines the sack in place by its corners, running branches of the vine like pins through the sack to hold it iu place. This sack shelters the grapes from sun, from rain and from frost. Mr. Hadley has used the same sacks for five or six years for this purpose, and some of them are still good for service. During protracted, rainy, wet weather some of the grapes will rot a little, but the loss is generally trifling. The worst enemies to this enterprise are birds that pick into the grapes, causing some berries to rot, which in turn rot others. To prevent this he always leaves a sufficient quan- tity for the bii'ds on open vines, and with few exceptions they prefer those which are ex- posed. One important thing iu this connec- tion he has observed, and that is, that hon- ey-bees are his friends. They are fond of grapes, making honey out of the rich juice of the fruit, but the}- only work upon the pecked fruit, not being able to penetrate the skins of sound grapes. The great advantage in this is, that the bees will at once suck the pecked berries dry, so that they do not rot or cause rottenness. Mr. Hadley thinks these facts too valuable to longer keep to himself, and so generously ad^nses us to pub- lish them for the benefit of whom they may concern, which we gladly do. THE SEASON. Our first rain this season commenced Tues- day, October 26. The fall was slight iu most places. Monday, November 1st there was quite a storm sprung up — enough rain to moisten the surface soil for plowing. It did not commence without warning; yet, some were caught unprepared as usual. We learn that many raisins were damaged. On Satur- day, November 13th, after a succession of warm, bright and cloudy days, another warm rain commenced and continued at intervals for several days, saturating the soil finely, and shooting up the green grass and grain, that the first rains had sprouted beautifully. Nevtr has a rainy season commenced hero with brighter prospects for flourishing crops. No blighting frosts or winds, but the gentle breath of Spring, fanning the faying leaves and blessing the tender green that carpets the generous and grateful soil. What is more lovely than our California Winters? Winters only in name; none of the saddening feelings that a sleeping earth bound in icy chains brings to the people who in- habit more rigorous climes. The falling leaves but shelter the springing plants that smile in rain and laugh in sunshine. Our poets need not sing "the saddest of the year," but can tune their harps to gleeful melody, for the ripeness of lucious fruits and the birth of new vegetable life is lavish amidst blooming roses and singing birds. No wonder that the tide of immigration pours into our State when the cheering reports of friends go back. If our lands now held by thousanda of acres by forbidding monopolists and grasping owners, were only so that homes could be secured for the masses, too much could not be said in praise of our blessed country. The Stringency i" the money market and the great fluctuation iu stocks and money val- ues are but the natural outgrowths of busi- ness conducted on a speculative basis. In all such cases some who acquire wealth with- out producing it will sufter, but as a general rule, the industrial interestsare made to most keenly feel the burdens they have to bear. As nothing is produced without labor, so no non-productive enterprise or speculation can exist without tapping industry for support. Whatever it gives in exchange, be it money or promise to pay, cannot iu the end lighten the burdens of labor. Speculation injures in- dustry, while every industri;il enterprise of a productive character helps every other. If everybody labored, everybody would be liber- ally supplied with needed comforts, and lux- uries be multiplied, cheapened and within the reach of all. In a community where the ma- jority are non-productive and manage to ac- quire wealth, as an inevitable result, those who work must suffer in a proportion equiva- lent to the wrongs committed. The blame does not rest wholly with individuals, but at- taches to the artificial system of finance which allows money to be lang. California AcKicuLTurxisx and Live Stock Journal. (!;0nt$ir0ntIeuc^ JitWE. followiug is the letter of our special j'l' correspondent, wnicb reached us too late 'Vb;i for our October issue: c^ The State Fair this year was uuusual- ly interesting in some departments, and as disgusting in other respects as can well be imagined. Horse-racing was the principal feature, as usual. It is astonishing how many people, and that of the class who claim to be respectable, are all absorbed in this le- galized gambling game. It is a disgrace, not only to the Association upder whose auspices the Fair was held, but to the State. Our Legislature appropriates money ostensibly to encourage agriculture, and here it is squan- dered among the professional horse-jockeys, adding nothing to the industrial interests of the State m any way. We enact laws forbid- ding gambling, and then, in the same breath, offer a premium for the most demoralizing and wholesale forms of it. Men and women of all classes of society were engaged in it. Nothing else was spoken of in conversation. Betting and pool-selling was the only theme | that seemed to be interesting, and so the city | papers are full ofit. I am proud of the fact j that I am not expected to post the readers of I the Agbicultukist on the issues of this bar- , barous sport. ! The show of California horses was much larger and finer than ever before, There were on exhibition some horses which showed rare qualities for higher usefulness than mere speed. There were, perhaps, some of the finest stallions in the country here. We have not time to notice all deserving of spe- cial mention, so will not attempt to particu- larize, but are glad to note progress in this particular. lu horned cattle the exhibit was truly good — better than at any previous Fair. Santa Clara couuty, esiieciallj', was well represented. In fact, were it not for our couuty the Fair would have been little but a horse-trotting show. Some of the cattle we may mention as deserving particular notice. The finest herd was that of Col. Younger, noted for its superior qualities. Charles Clark, of Milpi- tas, and S. B. Emerson, of Mountain View, exhibit some fine specimens from their Dur- ham herds. Mr. Emerson's bull, "Sherifi'," is a beauty. Cyrus Jones, of San Jose, showed only some of his young stock, Cali- fornia bred, but we notice that he walked oil' with first prizes and sweepstakes. C. Comstock, of Sacramento, had on ex- hibition a lot of fine graded cattle. Mr. Bright, of Sacramento, had a herd of Ayr- shires which ho imi^orted from Massachusetts two years ago, including the bull " Dunbar, " four years old, a beautiful animal. Jlessrs. l^owers & Stanton, Sacramento, imported 11 head of Ayrshire cattle last year, which they had on exhibition. Mr. Powers says that his two-year-olds will average one pound of but- ter a day, and mature cows have made as high as four pounds. Saxe Bros., San Francisco, had on exhibition a si>lcudid bull and cow, hich had just arrived from Kentucky. The bull, "Gay Boy," was sired by "Joe Hooker," who took the sweepstakes in Ohio two years in succession. The cow "Fannie," sired by " Mazourka Lad," took three sweep- stakes in Kentuckw this year. This import- ation is a valuable addition to the fine stock of the Coast. There was only one exhibit of swine. They were called Berkshire; but if Berkshires are spotted and have coarse bristles 1 never knew it before. They belong to M. Sprague. Branton, of Dixon, had ten pens of fine merino sheep, large and well-covered with fine fleece. S. B. Emerson exhibited Cots- wold sheep as fine as we have seen in the State. The most interesting display in the stock- yards was the show of Angora goats. C. P. Bailey, San Jose, had thirteen pxire-breds and seven grades. His buck, "Prince of Pine Mountain," a large and most beautiful crea- ture, and the ewe, "Queen of Monterey," were entered for the sweepstakes. The grades are the fourth cross. They have good form and fine, lustrous fleece. They are shown merely to prove that grades can have fleeces that will make mohair. Mr. B.'s stand was thronged with spectators to examine the spec- imens of cloth, and also robes, mats and gloves, from the Angora Glove and Robe Manufacturing Company of San Jose. The goat men say this establishmnnt will adil greatly to the interest of their business. Mr. Bailey sold all the specimens he had long be- fore the Fair was closed. Mr. Gilmore, Pres- ident of the Angora Goat-Breeding Associa- tion, had on exhibition nineteen head of pure- breds. "Hannibal," who took the sweep- stakes last year at the Bay District Fair, is a superior animal. The fleece is very fine and glossy. His favorite goat is the ewe, " Cleo- patra," which he considers the best he has raised. Messrs. Landrum & Rogers had a meritorious display of -15 pure-bred goats. Chief among them " Hercules " and "Robert E. Lee," both perfect specimens. S. P. Thomas, Auburn, Placer couuty, had also a good exhibit of twenty head, including the im- ported buck, ■' H. W. Beecher." The dis- play of goats was so good that it was no easy task for the judges to award the premi- ums. There was hardly a poor animal to bo seen. The goat men and other patrons ex- pressed themselves well pleased with the Ag- EICULTUBIST AND LiVE StOCK JoUKNAi. The exhibit of agricultural machinery on the stock ground was not large. We saw nothing new except a self-dumping horse- rake, which was very simple in construction and seemed to do its work well. The Pavil- ion contained very little that would be inter- esting outside of this city and county. Some fine squashes, melons, potatoes, apples, orna- mental plants and fancy work are the chief objects displayed. There was an apple on exhibition which was a wonder in itself. It was exhibited by Mr. Wilkins. It measured '25 iuthes lu circumference, and weighed nine pounds, three ounces. The shape round and symmetrical, color a reddish green, called a Sheridan Pippin. Seeds of this apple were advertised for sale at $50 each by J. F. t'p- ham, Sacramento. A Darwin could probably trace its ancestry back to its original melon vine. Ma. Wm. Squibes, an Oregon saw-uiill owner, has asked the Centennial Commission- ers if they would like to have him furuish fur exhibition a lir plank twelve feet wide and 100 feet long, a spruce x^lank eight feet wide, cedar seveu feet, larch seven feet and hem- lock five feet, or even larger. Subscribe for the AamcuLTnaisx. Now is a good time. Letter From Yolo County. [We owe an apology to our correspondent, Mr. A. K. Woodhams, and to our readers for the mixing up of the types of his letter from Woodland, when putting into the forms for the press. Although publishers are respnsi- h\e for eve%thiug wrong about a paper, the printer alone, who handled the type, takes the actual blame in this case, as the editor could not know of the mixing till the paper was printed, when it was too late to correct the fault. As the communication contained valuable information, we reprint in a revised form, and this time, we trust, without serious blun- ders.] Eds. AcKicuLTnisT and Live Stocjk Jouk- nal: — Woodland is a stirring town of about three thousand people, situated seventeen miles northwest of Sacramento, and on the line of railroad from the latter place to Knight's Landing, and is surrounded by some of the most productive land I have seen in the State; and if not for the heat and hot North winds, I should consider it the Farm- er's Paradise. In this vicinity are large bod- ies of white oak trees, which no doubt gave the name to the town. Shade and orna- mental trees do not thrive as at Santa Clara. Live oaks are a rarity. In the town there are five or six chui'ches, numerous saloons, one college, one fine pub- lic schoolhouse with an attendance of about 300 scholars, two newspapers, gas and water works, a grist mill and a large machine shop and planing mill. ALFALFA. In this vicinity there are between 2,000 and 3,000 acres of alfalfa, and although many farmers of this State Hunk it a poor article for hay, the farmers here know by experience that it makes hay of an excellent quality when properly cured. I can hardly express to you the many advantages of these clover fields. Everything seems to thrive on alfalfa. Here are to be seen fat animals, clover-fed. Hogs are kept on it the year round, and a drove of 100 is a common sight. Many af- falfa clover fields this season have yielded five tons per acre, besides a large amount of pasturage; others, three or four tons, besides a crop of seed varying from 200 to 800 lbs. per acre. Alfalfa clover also gives the bee- keeper gi-eat advantages. I saw 50 lbs. of delicious honey made in three weeks taken from two hives. Thrashers are now at work oil clover seed, but there are many fields that will make another crop of hay in a few weeks more. The beautiful green clover and the de- lightful fragrance from the blossoms has to be seen and enjoyed to be appreciat- ed. The farmers of this section show an enterprise that might with advantage, be a copy to farmers iu other portions of the State. To add to the natural productiveness of the soil, they make use of the waters of Cache Creek for lERKlATICN. The ditches are made on the highest laud, and the method of watering is by flooding. The laud is laid olT into convenient levels by dikes several inches high. If some of our dry land farmers could .see the alfalfa clover fields and the vineyards California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. yielding a third crop they would be converts to winter irrigation at onco. And just here I would most earnestly urge my 8 anta Clara neighbors and people of our bean tiful valley to utilize the many streams of wa'ier that run to waste even in dry seasons. When that is done I predict a future for our owu valley that few persons can conceive of.. As a .sam- ple of what water has done nea r Woodland OH i FAEM OF 80 ACKES, which a few years ago could have been bought for $G0O, and now owned by Mr. E. B. Blow- ers. $10,000 worth of products was sold in one season; expenses were $2,000. Another farm owned by N. Wyokofl' seemed to be equally productive. CORN. Last week I saw on the farm of J. Fowler a fine sight of 70 acres of corn of dificrent varieties, some of it planted the 2.5th of .Tune and gi'owing from five to eleven and one-half feet high. The soil, with proper cultivation, would produce 100 bushels per acre. DAIRYING Is not carried on as largely as it might be, but there is no reason why this county should not be the " Orange County" of the State. D. Faruham is one of the largest and best butter-makers here. He makes about 100 lbs. a week, and for color and flavor it cannot be excelled. THE WHEAT CROP. Has been good for this season. Summer-fal- lowing is in general favor here, lands so treat- ed yielding from 30 to 40 bushels, when win- ter sown yields from 15 to 25. The gale of last Spring did serious damage to wheat, con- sequently many are looking for a variety that will ripen after the high winds cease. Proper wheat has been a favorite seed, but its ripen- ing too early makes it objectionable. Club seems to be the choice of many for next sea- son. Land here is worth from $20 to $200 an acre, according to location and improve- ments. FARMING MACHINERY. Farmers are using the best improved ma- chinery. For thrashing, Eurights straw burners are being introduced. Here, also, derricks with horse forks are used with near- ly all thrashing machines, also Jackson's self-feeder and elevator ; a great labor saving machine. I have seen Jackson's Traction en- gine used for thrashing, propeled over a rough road and drawing separator, traps wagon, etc. Mr. N. Wyckoff has imported from the East (and I believe it's the only one in this State) a Detriek's Perpetual hay- press, driven by horse-power. It makes com- pact bales that I have not seen equaled. Ten tons of it can be stowed on a single rail- road box-car. PO0LTRT. I have visited the poultry yards of Dr. J. W. Prather, and though his choicest birds were away to State Fair, I saw enough to satisfy me he has very choice poultry. His yards are located in clover, so his poultry have green feed the year round. RAISINS. Before closing this I must mention the farm and vineyard of R. B. Blowers. I saw sights there that would astonish even old Ca'Hfornians. Mr. B. has 25 acres devoted to table and raisin grapes, and if wine men would visit his vineyard and see his " lay out " of raisins, no other argument would be needed with svich of them as desire prosperi- ty and have the good or their race in view. For bearing, size and flavor of Mr. B's. gi'apes and raisins, it will be hard to equal them anywhere. I saw vines bearing a second crop that had on at least 40 lbs., ofgi'apes ! Mr. B. dries his grapes on the ground, but this year he is trying a cement floor in the fleld. He has 700 yards of this floor already, and so constructed that in case of a rain, water will drain off quickly. I also saw the eft'ect of two methods of prunning of one kind of grape vine. One way caused the vine to be almost worthless as a bearer, the other made the same varfety very prolific. From 120 lbs., of gi'apes, Mr. B. has made 45 lbs. of raisins. There again I saw clover fields and the ef- fect it had on stock, especially in its wool and mutton producing qualities on some graded Merino sheep belonging to Mr. B., al- so some of the get of buck, "Silver Horn." A lot of Merinos imported from Vermont and owned by Mr. George Hammond were very fine. A lamb 7 J^ months old get of ' ' Vigor ' ' of Ohio weighed 107 lbs. On 10 acres of clover, Mr. B., has had for five months, 1-50 heads of sheep and 10 of cows and horses, and there will be feed enough for months yet. Mr. B., discovered that cattle and sheep that had access to his grape cuttings — of which they ate freely in the spring — did not bloat, showing, perhaps, that stock running on succulent clover need dry feed as well. A. R. WOODHAMS. " Hayseed not all Chaff." Dear Editor Agriculturist and Ln'E Stock Journal : — I think your article in Oc- tober number on " Short Weight Cheats," taken from the Pacific Orocer, is liable to mislead a stranger to the average " 5Ir. Haj'- seed." Most of the butter retailed from the groceries is sold by the roll, the same as soap by the bar, or cream tartar by the paxier. So long as this is the custom, "Mr. Hayseed" has the same right to its advantages as he has to the loss of the bar and paper custom or system. It is very proper that " one hand should wash the other." Most of the butter in market is moulded in moulds sold by the grocer to the butter-maker, and if the butter is light the grocer deducts when he buys, and then makes off of his customers when he sells.. "Mr. Hayseed," in this case, is not the swindler. I do not claim that two wrongs make a right, but that established custom is custom. "Mr. Hayseed" should be, as charged, entitled to his i^art of the benefit. In regard to " short cords of wood," it is impossible to take an honest cord as piled by the chopper, load it on a wagon, haul it from ten to twenty miles, throw it oft' and pile it up a full cord again. Every stick has shrunk in drying, the bark fragments have rattled oS, there is an unavoidable loss in Z/»i/t' for some one to lose, if "lose" you can call it. In regard to ' ' clods and stones in the baled hay." With the best of intentions on the part of "Mr. Hayseed," it is impracticable to keep them all out. Hay is usually raked and bunched with a horse-rake, the rake gathering all the loose material on the gi-ound. Many a heavy clod is never seen by the r;\ker or stacker; and any one who has seen those fierce, sweat}' athletes baling hy the ion, pitch- ing, rolling, and stamping the hay into the press, knows thoy have neither time nor incli- nation to put in or throw out clods; it would not pay them. Some of the last bales raked up round the press contain fine stuS' but of- ten jiiore actual feed than the long straw bales. I am writing of honest work only, and wishing to defend an honest "Hayseed" from unfavorable appearances. I would not defend any dishonest practice, on the part of either producer or middleman, and should not trou- ble you with these remarks now if it were not a notorious fact that Mr. Middleman is usu- ally very yiii in his own defence, and "Mr. Hayseed" is usually stronger in his spinal column than in his to/iyue. Yours for fair play, C. A, W. Tree Planting. Now is the time and the season of the year or our farmers to engage in planting trees Our liberal Legislature has proposed to pay out of the State treasury one dollar for every tree planted and living four years after ihe work is done. This sum will reimburse the farmer for all his time, labor and expense in the undertaking, and he will have the trees clear at the end of the four years to]?beautify his farm, afford a welcome retreat from the hot Summer's sun to his cattle, and a cool and refreshing shade to the footsore and weary traveler. Besides, it has been demon- strated that when a country becomes treeless, it becomes dry and rainless. The earth be- comes parched and the springs dry up; but when the whole face of the country is covered with forests, the rain that descends from the clouds remains in the soil, evaporation is checked and the springs bubble forth their bright and sparkling waters forever. Whole regions of the earth's surface have been ren- dered rainless by the destruction of theii- for- ests. There is no doubt but that the rain- fall of Oregon will be materially lessened in the course of time by the gi'eat destruction which is now taking place in her immense forests. By a parity of reasoning, it might be greatly increased in California by planting on a large scale, as contemplated by the Act of our Legislature. Every farmer, then, who plants a tree, not only lends a hand to the adornment of the landscape, but assists, by so much, in inviting from the clouds and re- taining in the soil that most indispensable element — life-giving water. [The above, submitted for our editorial ap- proval, meets it with the exception of the old notion about trees influencing the rainfall. We very much doubt any such theory, but are none the less in favor of tree-panting. Plant trees, everybody!] Gophers antj Aifalfa. — One of the most •destructive enemies to alfalfa in this State is the gopher. This little rodent digs into the soil and works his way along under the sur- face from root to root, cutting each one oft as he comes to it. The only way to make alfalfa a good success on land where are plenty is to •destroy the gophers. This seems to be a very dlticult problem. Irrigation, however, is cer- tain destruction to them. To alfalfa irriga- tion is very beneficial in other ways than kill- ing gophers. Irrigation, then, in such cases works a double benefit, and is doubly impor- portant. Where land can be irrigated at pleasure during the year the amount of alfalfa that eau be produced is almost incredible. It can be cut as many as six times in a year, yielding as many as two to two and a half tons each cutting. With a good start in the fall, it grow almost as rapidly during the win- ter mouths in this State, especially where pro- tected from severe winds, as in Summer. ■WTiere land cannot be irrigated, or the gophers kept out in some other way, it has to be seed- ed every fourth year. As it is thinned out from year to year it is a very good plan to sow some oats or barley each fall, after the fir.st rains, and harrow thoroughly with a sharp-tooth harrow. As the clover gi-ows thinner this will keep up the crop to a paying standaid till it becomes necessary to reseed. — Sacramenii} Mecord. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. nigatiou. Proposed Legislation in Favor of an Irrigation System. w 5 E are glad to observe that public atten- tion is called to the question of a gen- eral system of irrigation iu this State. The subject is new to most people, and its very importance to a large por- tion of the State requires that it should re- ceive a most searching examination, It is certain to come before the Legislature at its approaching session, and we believe it to bo of paramount impoi-tance. We by no means expect to see any well-perfected and desira- able system devised in a moment, and it would be contrary to all our experience in legislative matters if some plans should not be present- ed which will be full of loopholes for all sorts of jobbing and rascality. Indeed, we are not disfDosed to deny that in the present state of morals and jiolitics it will be a very dililcult matter to pass a law on this or any other sub- ject, iu which private or corporate interest will not in some underhand way be made to override those of the iiublic. We do not doubt that irrigation will be made a hobby by designing men that have no higher or better purpose than to plunder the people. If the fact should be otherwise, it will be an isolated, case without a parallel in all our past legisla- tive history. But even this danger, evident to every one who kuowns what influences determine legislation, should neither cause us to delay nor to abandon the attempt to secure such wise and just legislative aid as will give to the farmers of the State an efl'eetive and general system of irrigation. Necessity prompts the attempt, and thousands will re- joice if it prove successful. The Santa Rosa Doiiocrat thinks that no final legislative action should be taken until the session after the next. It may prove impracticable to do any- thing even as early as that. The interests in- volved are so great, the exi^cnsi' so vast, and the facts required to be Ueflnuciy ascertained so numerous, that it may take many years to devise a safe and practical system, and carry it into full execution. The histor.y of the immense irrigation works in India will con- vince any man that the magnitude of the task and the diflSculty of the engineer problems to be solved, are not to be rashly encountered. Scarcely any works of human hands, in an- cient or modern times, can rival in cost and difficulty the irrigation canals that have been already constructed, and the works which California needs would require to be on a scale no less stupendous. It ean scarcely be expected that such a system ean be \mt fu full operation before the end of the present cen- tury. But knowing all this, we nevertheless desire to see a beginning made. In some por- tions of the State the work will be simple and not inordinately expensive. We know facts enough already to make an intelligent be"in- ning in the San Joaquin valley. There are 13,000,000 acres of irrigable land in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys and their dependencies. Of this a single corporation (the California Canal & Irrigali'ou Company) once proposed to irri.gate 9, GOO, 000 acres, or about 1.5, OCO squ.are liiiles. We do not advise any stretching of State perogatives or violation of the Constitution, nor "do we think that intelligent advocates of irrigation desire any such thing. If we understand what they seek, it is simply to have the lands districted where irrigation is needed, to have power granted to the laiul holders, to elect Commissioners to act for them as an associa- tion, and to issue the bonds of such associa- tion, to provide for the construction of the necessary works. The land owners, to bo liable to taxation to pay these bonds, and the right to use the watrr. to be free to all tax- payers without further assessment or pay- ment. It seems to us that there need bo no delay of two or more year? in conferring such rights and privileges as these. The land owners only ask to tax themselves for their own benefits, and to pledge their credit for the means of increasing the value of their lands and the annual jirofit arising from their culti- vation. If there is no constitutional objec- tion, we w'ould certainly desire to see so much done without delay. It would at least serve as a beginning and give the resident of the districts subject to drouth some reason to hope for better times. Irrigation is a matter of State importance, second to none other, and prompt action alone will keep the region west from the San Joaquin from being de- populated. Many have been .absolutely com- pelled to abandon the conntrj' within a few weeks, and many more will follow them ere long if there is nothing done for the promo- tion of irrigation. We think the Legislature may safely authorize a beginniug of the work as proposed, leaving it for the future to deter- mine what further legislation may be neces- sary.— IS. F. Chyoidde. *.*.* The Sacramento Record has this to say about irrigable lands in Sacramento county : If the owners of the uplands in Sacramento county, east of this city and lying between the American and Cosumnes rivers, would confer this power upon the State, and expend say $10 per acre, (or $5 per acre might an- swer) in an irrigation i^cheme, that entire district would soon be blooii^iug like a rose, and all the people on it might become wealthy for then ten or twenty acres would produce as much as one hundred acres produces now. And the increased crops would pay in two years the entire cost of the scheme. |J0VJ5«^* THE HORSE DISEASE. The Same Natuke as the Epizootic, but of Less Intensity —East, West and in Cau- FOENIA. An annoying epidemical disease, resembling the epizootic in all its sj'mptoms, is spreading rapidly among the horses of this city. Three weeks ago a Tribune reporter visited the dif- ferent street railway stables to learn if this disease, then prevailing in Bufialo, had reach- ed New York in its march eastward. At that time no trace of it had been discovered. It was asserted on all sides that horses were more free from disease of all kinds than they had been since the remarkable attack of ejn- zootic almost three years ago. In June the horsas of the Eighth and Ninth Avenue rail- ways were suBering from inflammation of the bowels and pleurisy, brought on by sudden weather changes. Persons who have made horse disease a study, and who are familiar with the epizootic, say that the prevailing distemper is of the same nature, and difl'ers only iu its intensity. The horses are taken with a running at the nose, accompanied with a hacking cough and a sore-throat, but seem to lose none ot their vitality, and maintain a good appetite. Thus far about 200 hundred horses irom this cause have been unfit for work at a time, while at least 12,000 have been attacked. Most of those, however, have been worked as usual, and no aggravation of the disease is expected unless the weather should suddenly become wet and cold. A Tribime reporter called at many railroad and hotel stables yesterday, and learned that the favorable chaugo in the we'ither since the rains last week and Sunday had greatly miti- gated the disease. Friday night, September loth, was exceedingly cold, ami on the Satur- day a few horses in the northern and eastern part of the city were taken with the disease. On Thursday, September KUh, said the sur- geon of the Third avenue stable, the disease iu that ipiarler of the city became widely prevalent. The horses were taken suddenly with violent coughing and slight running at the nose. The doctors pronounced it epizoo- tic at once. The horses, however, showed no running at the eyes, which looked as bright as usual. By Saturday two-thirds of the horses in the stable were coughing more or less. The Third Avenue Company has at present 1,781 horses at the Seventieth street stables. Not an animal had been unfit for work. Nothing was done except to blanket those most aflJict- ed and protect them from drafts. The surge- on said that ordinary colds usually prevailed among the horses from the beginning of the Autumn equinoxical storms to November 10. He thought the rain of Sunday had increased the malady, but from the appearance of the horses, he believed that three days of fine weather would drive away all appearance of epizootic symptoms. He had received intelli- gence from Philadelphia, where the horses seemed to be very much afiected by the dis- ease, notably in North Eleventh street. Mr. Tracy, of the Park boarding stables, said he became alarmed on Friday at the ap- pearanca of the disease among his horses, and took some pains to inform himself about its spread through the city. In traveling to the City Hall by the Third avenue line, he saw very few horses that were not more or less affected, and some of them were coughing violently. He regarded the disease as epi- demic, and, at the authority of Drs. Lientard, Castanach and Nostrid, pronunced it a mild form of epizootic. On Friday last the dis- ease had not appeared. in the Chrystie street stables. On the Saturday following nearly horse in these stables were taken with cough- ing and sore-throat. All horses in the neigh- borhood 01 Central Park, both in pubhc and private stables, are aflected. It is obvious, from the way the disease has spread over the city, that there is an infection in the air. The epidemic is thought by many to have proceed- ed from western cities. Mr. Tracy, as soon as his horses were taken, closely blanketed them, and fed hot mash with a little vinegar sprinkled in the feed. His horses were im- proving very rapidly. The Superintendent of the Broadway rail- way stables said out of 1,200 horses about 900 had had the disease since last Thursday. He considered the distemper epidemic, but feared no serious consequences from it. He said the horses began coughing the moment they left the stable for the open air, and thought that horses iu private stables, which were usually weighed Aoviii \\ith blankets, were the greatest sufl'erers from the disease. The change from a warm stable and heavy blankets to the open air was apt to induce the worst symptoms of epizootic. Two or three horses "have been seen afiected to an extent suggestive of the epizootic days of 1873. The disease has appeared in all of the stables on the avenues. — A'eio Yurk Tribune. The same disease has also appeared in the Western States. The Cincinnati Commercial of a later date, in speaking of the disease says: "It is mild- er in form than the disease which prevailed in the Fall and Winter of 1872, and less seri- ous m its consequences. It appeared first about three weeks ago, and many of the horses at that time afiected are now over it. The disease is mainly confined to the lungs and broVichical tubes.' There is none of the disgusting running at the nose that made the disease of 1872 so disagreeable to handle. The present disease is about the equivalent of bronchitis in the human subject. They are attacked with a cough, the pulse is quickened some fever supervenes and the disease gradu- ally dies n-vay, without dropsy or other un- pleasant sequehv. Horses on this coast are also aflected in many localities. A gentleman iu Oakland who owns a fast horse, is down with this disor- der says that a little exercise causes great )iain iu the lungs, which are inflamed, and that vio- lent exercise would cause dangerous conges- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. tion of the lungs. Rest with gentle exercise is recommended. The disease with the horse is analogous to the bad colds now prevalent among our peo- ple— accompanied with sore-throat and lung- cough. As complete rest, warmth and light diet is the best treatment for human beings, who soon recover under fiivorable conditions; so the rational treatment is the best for the horse. Exercise with exposure to drafts of cold air, etc., and harsh treatment is likely to prove fatal. Kind, considerate treatment is always best, and in case of sickness is abso- lutely essential to perfect recovery. What a Veterinary Surgeon Says. Mr. T. H. Larcom, proprietor of the Good- enough horseshoeing establishment of San Jose, also a graduate from a veterinary school and whose opinion is worth something, says that a horse with the epizootic should be carefully blanketed, kept out of all drafts of winds, be fed lightly with good bay and car- rots or other vegetables, given no cold water, but all he will drink of water with the chill taken off or tepid water. A fire-shovel full of hot ashes from the stove is good to throw into the water once a day; in effect, it loosens the phlegm and false membrane, which accu- mulates in the throat, lungs aid stomaclj. A handful of scalded bran is also good to add to each bucket full of water the horse drinks. No other medicine is advised, if the bowles can be kept regular with bran mashes and vegetable or green green feed. Rest to a horse in this condition is requisite to a speedy cure. A little gentle exercise is all that should be allowed and by no means should fast driving or hard pulling be allowed, even for a short time. These items were given us after we had writtten the few suggestion jin the preceding article, but we gladly add them for the better guidance of our horse owners, in the treat- ment of this prevalent horse disease. So » Making Cheese in a Small Way. i;N answer to a correspondent who wishes to know the modus operandi of making cheese in a small way, we can do no better than to quote from that world-re- nowned dairy-man, X. A. Williard, who thus tells how in the liund New Yorker: Good, fair family cheese can be made with even rude implements and appliances. If nothing better is at hand, a common wash- tub, if clean and sweet, will answer the pur- pose for setting the milk and working the curds. A hoop must be had from the cooper in which to press the curds. Let it be (for a smaU qiitintity of milk) say from eight to ten inches in diameter (top and bottom) by twelve inches high, and fitted with a follower. A very good press can be made in a few hours from a twelve-foot plank and a few pieces of scantling. About a foot from either end of the plank set up two short pieces of scantling five or six inches apart; fasten them firmly to the plank with bolts and pins. The lever may be a joist, say four x six and fourteen feet long. One end is secured by a pin pass- ing through it and the uprights at one end of the plank and set one and a half feet above the bed-piece of the plank. This lever is to move freely up and down between the ui)rights at the other cud, and a weight hung at this end of the lever will give you a press that will do good service. The weights at the end of the long lever are a stone or two from the field. Another lever is arranged for raising the long lever or press-beam, without removing the lever, which, in that case, may be made stationary. The hoop containing the curd is placed on the plank near that end of the lever which is secured with the pin. Blocks are put iipon the follower, and the press-beam let down upon them, and in this way the cheese is pressed. A long, thin wooded knife will do for cut- ting the curds. A gallon of milk, wme measure, will make nearly a j)ound of cheese or if the milk is weighed, ten pounds will make one of cheese, and thus the weight of the cheese may be calculated from the quanti- ty of milk in the tub. The night's mess of milk may be strained directly in the tub, and if the weather is warm a pail of cold water should be set in the tub to cool oti' the milk and keep it sound during the night. In very hot weather it may be necessary to change the water several times. In the morning skim the cream which may have formed on the milk, put it into the cloth strainer, and pour the warm milk from the morning's milking into the mass, and iu this way cream will be in condition to be worked back into the milk. It will be proper to add a word in this connection in regard to having the milk iu proper condition when it goes into the tub. In hot weather, and es- pecially in hot climates, care should be taken not to worry or overdrive the cows. They should not be irritated in any way, and they should have an abundance of good water and everything provided for their comfort, otherwise the animals may be in a feverish condition, and yield iuip.jrfect milk that may cause trouble. The night's and moruiug's milk having been mingled in the tub, aud the number of gallons or its weight known, a portion may be taken out aud heated in pans over a com- mon stove. The pan holding the milk should be set in another pan holding water or over a kettle containing water so as not to scorch or biu'u the milk in the pan. Heat the milk aud pour it into the tub until the mass indicates a temperature of about eight-five degrees Fahr. by the thermometer, then add a quantity of rennet, (which has been j^reviously prepared by steeping the dry skins of rennet iu water) sufficient to coagulate the milk, say iu from forty to fifty minutes. Now put your finger into the curd raise it slowly, and if it readily splits apart, the mass is ready to cut into checks with the curd knife. After cutting into cheeks two inches square, let it remain at rest ten or fifteen minutes for the whey to form; then cai-efuUy break with the hands by lifting up very gent- ly, and when the mass has been gone over, let it rest for ten or fifteen minutes for the curds to subside. Now dip oil a portion of the whey into pans, and heat on the stove in the s.ame man- ner that the milk was warmed. In dipping ofl" the whey a cloth-strainer is thrown over the tub and the whey dipj^ed from oft' the top of the strainer, so as not to dip or remove the curds. In the meantime continue breaking by gently lifting the curd until the particles of curds are about the size of small chest- nuts or large beans; then pour in the heated whey until the mass indicates a temperature of from ninety to ninety-eight degrees. Do not be in a hurry, but take things leisurely, continuing the breaking or stirring of the curds while the heat is being applied. It may now be left at rest for a hall an hour, aud then stirred, so that the particles may not pack or adhere iu the tub. and this treatment continued until the curd has a firm consisten- cy. Take up a handful and press it together in the hand, and if, on opening the hand it readilv falls to pieces, it is about ready for draining. Another test is to chew a bit of curd, and if it "squeaks between the teeth," it is about ready. The mess now will have a slightly acid smell and taste, which is readily distinguished by old chee.se makers, but not so readily by the inexperienced; but, to the latter, one of the best tests is to take a little curd in the hand, squeeze out the whey and touch the ball of the curd to a hot iron, then, in removing it if the curd spins or draws out iu small threads, it is ready for the whey to be removed. Throw a cloth-strainer over the tub aud dip off the whey down to the curd; then put the strainer on a willow clothes- basket, and di]) the curd into it. It may now be broken up with the hands, and when pretty dry may be salted iu the basket or returned to the tub for saltiug. Salt at the rate of four or five ounces to sixteen pounds of curd; mix thoroughly, and put to j^ress. After remaining from two to four hours in press, take the cheese out of the hoop, turn it bottom side up iu the hoop and put it to press again' leaving it under pressure till the next morning, when it may be removed to the shelf in the dairy room. Very small cheese need not be b.andaged. They should be rubb- ed over with a little fresh butter, melted and applied warm, and the cheese turned and rubbed daily with the hand once a day until well ripened. SiovticuUuvc* v:::) The Gardener's Lament, CYift?" ET none a garden plant Unless he count the cost; For there is labor lust, And late and early frost, His dreams to haunt. I planted mine with care. And soon the young plants grew. Just then the worms, a few, Exposed themselves to view Aud gathered there. I watched with anxious care Each plant and tender shoot, And dreamed of earJy fruit; Alas, worms at the root — Worms everywhere! I set my banner there. And tunnel, di{^ and bore; My siege-^^uns then 1 lower, Shotted with hellebore — Death everywhere. The slain and wounded lie, Full twenty thousand killed; And yet their ranks are filled. While all are are fully drilled To fight or die. Jly beans and early com, My bed of tarly beets^ These all the cutworm eats. I'm sick with sore defeats, And feel forlorn. And you, who live iu ease, And little care or know Who wields the spade or hoe, If things will only grow, And you have peas. No need for yon to fast. Let others fight the foes; Though you must have your wofs— The moth will i-at your ctotheii .\nd you at last.' — [Wurcester -Egis and Gazette To Grow Chestnut Tkkks. — If you want to grow chestuut trees, the fruit must be planted as soon as it is perfectly ripe and while it is in its fresh state. If a few trees only are wanted, plant the chestnut about three inches deep, just where it is desired to have the tree stand permanently. They do better not to be transplanted, and sometimes wiU not grow. AVheu they reach a proper height the stems can be ga*afted with any bet- ter sorts attainable. But it requires a citreful hand to graft the chestnut to insure it?^ growth. When fairly started, the young tree pu'ihes ahead rapidly, aud often takes nn^ by surprise in the earliness of its bearing. — A' ■ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. l)$ We have in California liundreds of farms, situated in the foothills, which could be made to j'ield a handsome revenue by setting out orchards of late apples. Late apples always command a good price and are never a drug in the market. Early fruit must be sold as soon as picked, whatever the i^riee; but late or winter apples seldom have to be sold for less than two dollars per box. Besides this, there are many other fruits which are adapted to the foot-hill climate. Tl^''^" i** i^o better vineyard land in the world, and it is surpris- ing that more vines have not been planted in the mountain sections. It is far easier to cultivate grapes on sidling laud than to i^low and reap grains, and that, too, when the ex- pense of harvesting hilly laud is so much heavier than valley land. A few years wiU probably make a wonderful change in the hills of California. — Ex. Value of Evbegkeens Among Fruit Trees. — A well-growu evergrgreen tree gives off con- tinually an exodium of warmth and moisture that reaches a distance of its area in height; and when the tree-planters advocate shelter- belts, surrounding a tract of orchard of fifty or more acres, when the influence of such belt can only trace a distance of the height of the trees in said belt, they do that which will prove of little value. To ameliorate cli- mate, to assist in prevention of injury from extreme climatic cold in Winter, and of the frosting of the germ-bud of fruit in the Spring, all orchards should have evergreen trees planted in and among them indiscrim- ately, at a distance of not more than 1.50 feet apart. Such a course pursued will give health to the tree and be productive of more regular, uniform cro2is of fruit. — Ex. Planting Foeest-teees. — For the purpose of making tall, limbless trees valuable for timber, close planting is advisable — say four by three feet apart. The larch is planted three feet apart each way in England. In five and one-half years, one-half is cut for poles for hurdle-fence, and in ten years one- halt of the remainder is cut for posts. The remaining trees, thus left six feet apart, are allowed to complete their growth. "What shall I cook?" is a short but vexa- tious question, engrossing more serious thought probably than any other one ques- tion in ttie world. Many a good and Indus trious wife can be greatly relieved, and many a farmer's table bless his sight and appetite, 1)3' jjrovitling now for a good garden. If you love your wife and daughters, do not put it off for money-making enterjiirises on the farm. Two Ceops in One Season. — The Gilroy Advocate is informed that Geo. Headen & Co. of that place, are tilling a piece of land — 50 to 60 acres —from which they have raised this year a good crop of barley and a second crop of potatoes. The barley was cut in June and the potatoes planted afterwards. They are now bringing the latter to market. They have realized 5,000 sacks of 100 pounds each, of as line potatoes as any the country affords. A sample may be seen at the Bank of Gilroy, which weighs 2 -'4 pounds. Of course this is a picked one, but the average is exceedingly prolific. France, but for whose aid and sympathy given to our fathers a hundred years ago, America would scarcely have been a nation at all, is likely to do herself great credit next Summer at the Centennial, and is to occupy twice the space originally designed for her in the dinerent buildings at Philadelphia. The Ventura Signal tells of a beet weighing over 1,100 pounds avoirdupois which has been grown in Williams' gardens at San Buenaventura. "Beet" this who can. ®lic ^Umx (Baiilcu. Gillyflowers. ^LD-FASHIONED? yes, I know tlMyare^ LoDg exiled from the gay parterre,. Aud buuishtd from the bowers; But not the faireht foreign bloom liia. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, The Live Stock Interests. Tho National Live Slock Journal illustrates the importance ot the interests which it rep- resents by referring to the fact that in Chicago last year the aggregate shipments of live stock and dairy products amounted to $115,750,000 while the shipments of all other farm pro- ducts amounted only to $81,650,000. The live stock, according to these figures, repre- sented about one and a half times tho value of everything else included under tho general term of agricutural products. The TAve Stock Journal, having thus established the importance of the live stock interests, pro- ceeds to make complaint because accommda- tious are to be provided at the Centennial Exposition, for only seven hundred head of cattle — a number which it considers altogether too meagre for a fair representation on the part of the country at large, as state exhibi- tions frequently elicit one-half or two-thirds as many. The Cowdry Gentleman docs not consider the complaint a just one; and be- lieves that, taking into consideration the dis- tance to be traveled and the expenses to be incurred, together with the fact that great care will be taken in the selection of compe- ting animals, it is not likely that the entries will largely exceed the number mentioned. However this may be, we shall certainly have a better representation of our live stock in- terests by the exhibition of a limited number of the finest aninaals than by getting together a multitude of only average excellence. This sifting process is a good thing in this, as in many other matters. Jersey Cattle Sale. I There takes place occasionally a sale of this favorite class of stock where the purchaser ■ an get great bargains and first-class stock at the same time. On the 7th of October, 1 ilessrs. Isburgh & "Walker of Boston sold at I auction fifteen head of Jersey cattle belong- ing to W. J. Cook, ot Foxboro. There was a .;ood attendance of gentlemen, and he fol- li .wing shows the prices paid: Bull — Towanda .hopped at sea Oct. 20, 1872, $50. Cows and li'ifers — Eva Le Sueur, imported, six years i!d, $55; Gravelotte, imported, six years old, sS2 50; Alice, imported, five years old $72- Ml; Victoria, four and one-third years old, >r25; Artless, imported, four years and five months, $12 50; Ripple, imported, five years old, $102 50; Jessie, six years old, $127 50; Slcylark, imported in dam, dropped Nov. 26, 1872, $80; Artless second, imported in dam, dropped July 25, 1873, $50; Bergerette, im- jinrted, nine years old, $27 50; Clover, dropp- ed Oct. 3, 1873, $82 50; Ivy, dropped Oct. 7, 1872, $87 .50; Lillev dropped Nov. 20. 1874, $25; a heifer dropped Dec. 12, 1873, S32 50. Jerseys ought to bring better prices than tliese and we are surprised that their friends didn't rally in greater numbers and bid with greater enthusiasm. — ilfo.ss. Pkmyhman. Embaego on Cattle! — The Secretary of the Treasury has addressed a circular letter to all I 'oUectors of Customs in the United States, announcing that no importations of meat ■ ■attle or hides will be allowed from England from the date of the order November 3d, in consequence of the prevalence of the mouth ■lisease in that country. Takk Caee or the Implements. — Don't . ave your implements out in the weather. A leat many farmers are too remiss about this iiaportant matter. They do not often see ''..■yond the first cost of new tools, forgetting I he constant accumulations of interest which .Q up into vast sums. Costly machines and : "lis are often injured more by exposuse to in and storm, than by use. Mr. Stuyvesant's Sale. The clearing out Ayrshire sale of Mr. John E. Stnyvesant, at Edgewood, near Pough- keepsie, N. Y., Oct. 20. Tho same that was advertised in the Calieoenia AKRicnLTURisT AND Live Stock Journal. Attracted a very good attendance of breeders, some coming from considerable distances. Competition was at times rather slack, but only one ani- mal— the grand old monarch of the herd, Robbie Bruce — was sent out of the ring for want of an offer; and while five lots were knocked down to the first bidder, competition on several of the others was very animated. The condition of the cattle certainly indicated no attempt at getting them up for exhibition. Secretary Harrison of the New York State Agricultural Society acted as auctioneer, and e£fecte■ X p The Sachamento Beet Sugar Cojipa.ny.-- The Record-Union of October 30th has the following in regard to one of Sacramento's enterjirises: "The Sacramento Valley Beet Sugar Company h.ave about completed their manufacture for the year, the result being about 300,000 pounds obtained from about 3,000 tons of beets. The ground planted this year yielded four and a half tons to the acre; the beets l\li per cent, of sugar. At Davisville the beets lacked moisture, and were burnt up by the sun. The cost of transpor- tion from that point was S5 pet ton. The company have secured 1,400 acres on the Cosumues, near McConnell's, and 200 acres of American river bottom for the operations of next year. No more will be planted at Davisville. The plowing will commence as soon as possible, say about January, if the rains prove propitious. A dividend wUl be declared this year for the first time since the establishment of the factorv." A New Foddeb. — We want new grasses in California now that irrigation is beginning to interest us. They are now introducing into Great Britain what is called the prickly corn- fry, a native grass of the Caucasus. It yields in several cuttings thirty tons to the acre, the grass is propagated from the roots and is per- ennial. Cattle eat it readily and thrive upon it. There is reason to believe that it wUl suit •our climate. — Southern California. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ^:^} Short Crops East. The agricultural ri'turns saj'sthe S;m Fran- cisco Midldin received at the Washington Bu- reau up to October 1st, shows a great short- age iu the wheat crop of this year. The quantity in bushels is but 80 per cent, of the croji of liSVi, and the quality is 14 per cent, "below a sound condition." We do not know whether this reckoning includes Califor- nia and Oregon. If it does then the shortage for the whole country foots up 6'2, 000,000 m quantity, and other millions iu quality, and ought to have the efl'ect of advancing jirice.s in Liverpool. For the year ending June 30, 1874, the United States exported wheat to all countries to the amount of 71,039,928 bushels; to England, 60,551,181 bushels. This, of course, was the harvest of 1873, which was a heavy one. The British imports for that year from all other countries were not nearly equal to those from the United States, and the average price for the year ending September, 1S74, was §1 84 per bushel. With a short.age as to quantity and qualitv of not less than 80,000,000 bushels in the" United States this year, jjrices iu Liverpool are likely to rule higher than thej' are now before the opening of Siiring, notwithstanding the con- siderable supply of old wheat on hand. The barley crop is rated 13 per cent, and the corn crop 4 per cent, short of last year's j^roduc- tioii. Oats is the only cereal crop that shows an increase. The agricultural returns for October show that the wheat croji the present year is a short one, and there is a marked depreciation in the quality. The average thus far reported is 80 per cent, of last year's production. If this indicates the total de- preciation, it amounts to neaily C'2, 000,000 bushels and gives the crop at '240,000,000 bushels. In ciuality the crop averages 14 per cent, below a sound condition. so ♦ — ) ^ Pacific Coast Bee-Notes, From Amer- ican Bee Journal for November. ^r^ fN answer to questions, we report as fol- lows: 1. No Burjilus honey. Increased from 78 to 101 swarms. 2. There is no prosjiect for surplus hon- ey; but enough to keep busy during the ^winter for their own consumption. 3. White sage, buckbush or berberiy, su- mach. 4. White sago blooms iu April. The ber- berry blooms several times during the Sum- mer. It is now in blossom in our canon for the fourth time since April. Sumach gener- ally begins with August and lasts a month or more. Our ranch is within the frost-stricken belt (frost of April .'Jth), which accounts for the poor return. Beunk & Beuck. Los Angeles, Cal., Sept. 17, 1875. 1. Very good. Hives that did not swarm gave me one hundred pounds box honey. My stock hives all gave two swarms each, and some of them gave three. 2. No more surplus honey this season: my bees being kept m the city, I have not the benefit of buckwheat. 3. Dandelion, fruit and white clover. 4. Dandelion blooms April 11th; fruit blooms about the last of Ajird; white clover blooms May 10th, and continues until about August 1st. Thos. Braski,. BoiiTLAND, Oregon, Sept. 18, 1875. In compliance with ycmr request under spe- cial ; 1 . We have had but few swarms, and fr<.m 200 hives we have taken only 32 pounds of hon<:y. 2. We only expect to divide and make swarms. 3. Mountain clover, white sage and buck- wheat are the tliree best honey-plants. Moun- tain clover begins to bloom the last of March and continues till the middle of Muy. White sage begins May 1st and continues until July. Buckwheat begins about June 1st and contin- ues till the last of October. Gko. B. Wallace. San Been.^dino, Cal., Sept. 18, 1875. Pasturage for Bees. With the exception of nn occasional gath- ering from honey-dew, bees gather the whole of their honey from flowers, and consequent- ly where there are no flowers they cannot thrive. But the term flowers must be taken in a broader sense than meaning such as wc cultivate for garden ornaments or home deco- ration. The inconspicuous blossoms of many trees, the wee modest w'ild flower, scarcely noticed by passers by, furnish abundant pas- turage for bees. Many persons who have lived iu the country all their lives, are scarcely aware that our noblest forest trees have flow- ers at all, but from the brave old oak and the wide spreading beech, bees gather many a, pound of honey. An avenue of limes or syc-- auiores, a field of beans or white clover, form a very El Dorado for the busy bees, their pleasant hum on the snowy hawthorn or the sweet-smelling sallow, (palm, as it is com- monly called) is very noticeable when nature is awakening from the gloomy sleep of win- ter, and our thoughts and feelings are glad with the prospect of returning summer. Where large heaths abound the bees have a second harvest, and it is a common practice in such localities for bee-keepers to send their hives to the moors for about two months, the trouble and cost being amply rejjaid by the immense weight of honey brought home, which the common heather j'ieldsfreelj'during August and September. In Scotland and on the Continent cartloads of hives may be seen traveling to and from the heather. Often they are looked after on the sjiot by some resident cottager who re- ceives a gratuity of 1 s. per hive from the proprietors of the stocks. In the South of England this practice is not pursued, although I do not see why it should not be in many places, there being miles of heather equally available as in Scotland' On the Nile there are bee-barges which travel only at night, stopping in the day-time at any place that af- fords abundant jiasturage for bees, and we read iu I'Uirij that this was likewise the prac- tice in Italy in his time. "As soon," says he, "as the Spring food for bees has failed in the valleys near our towns, the hives of bees are put into boats and carried up against the stream of the river in the night in search of better pasturage. The bees go out in the mcu-uing in quest of provisions, and return regularly to their hives in the boats with the stores they have collected. This method is continued till the sinkiug of the boats to a certain depth iu the water shows that the hives are sufficiently full, and they are then carried back to their former homes, where the honey is taken out of them." And this is still the practice of the Italians who live near the banks of the Po, the river which Pliny instanced particularly in the above- quoted passage. It was the advice of Celsus that after the vernal pastures were consumed, the bees should be transported to places abounding with Autumnal flowers, as was done by conveying the bees from Achosia to Attica, from Eubo.'a and the Cyclad Islands to S<'yrus, and also in Sicily, where they were brought to Hybla from other parts of the island. What portion of our fertile land does not aflord sustenance for bees'? Mr. Alfred Neighbor, iu his work, "The Ajjiary," do- votes a chapter to Bee-keeping in London. Could «(• evia' imagine a more unpromising field for honey-gathering'? — London ! Foggy, smoky Loudon! But think a moment. Lon- don has parks, squares, gardens, and each of these has trees, flowers and shrubs. What matter it the flowers be dirty —their nectaries secrete the coveted sweet, and the natural fil- ter of the bees will clarify it belter than any artificial one could do. Only last year a lady living in Kensington told me she kept bees there. They throve well and had furnished her with a super of fourteen pounds weight. It has been asserted that bees will fly five or six miles for honey, if a su^jply nearer home be not attaiuabte. They may, but such an extreme labor would not allow the stock to thrive. Too much time and muscular strength would be consumed in making the jomney. The great danger to bees is their liability to be tempted into shops, such as grocers, con- fectioners, etc., where they get bewildered, fly to the window, aud in a vain attempt to penetrate the glass, they die. Breweries are also fatal places, the sweet work attracting numbers which perish by drowning. Most bee-keepers have a garden, and in it can be grown many flowers pleasing to the eye, grateful to the nose and useful to the bees. Mignonette, borage, honeysuckle, hyacinth, crocus, laurustiuus, lavendei', lily, primrose and many other flowers are visited by bees, aud may well be cultivated with advantage. The arable fields supply buckwhaat, beaus, mustard, clover and lucerne, which all give an abundant suj^ply ol honey; iind if we fol- low America's example, we should sow, when jjossible, special bee flowers. Borage has the reputation of being the best of all bee flowers. It blossoms contiuu- ually from June till November, aud is fre- quented by bees even in moist weather. The honey from it is of superior quality, and an acre would supi)ort a large number of stocks. Dwellers iu the country cannot fail to have observed occasionally, that the leaves of the trees aud shrubs have a gummy appearance and are sticky to the touch. If a leaf so covered be put to the tongue it will taste sweet. This is honey-dew, and is a secretion of some species of aphides, ejected from their abdomen in little squirting streams. This substance the bees readily gather, and when it is abundant make large additions to their stores. It is generally most plentiful iu June or July, and is chiefly found on forest and fruit trees, although olten on low-growing bushes. At the season of its greatest abun- dance, the pleasant hum of the bees engaged on it is very audible. — Manual of Mee-AtqAiig by John llunter. How they Value Manure in Italy. When driving out of Borne one day in an open carriage, the driver paused for a few mo- ments at the outer edge of the city. Imme- diately oijposite me on the left side there were two women with white aprons on a piazza, and in front of a house adjoining this several men were at work. Suddenly the younger of the two women came running to the carriage, as I supposed probably to speak to the driver before he started again. She, however, got down on her knees, extended her apron for- ward ou the ground, and with her hands rap- idly lU'ew into it, fresh and clean as it was, a pile of manure just dropped. As soon as she had scraped in every particle of it, she gathered up the edges of the apron and went back with the load. I hoard a liuigh among the men, and on looking towards them, 1 saw one of them who had a bucket and shov- el in his hand, and who had started to secure the nuuuire. The time he lost in getting hold of his utensils enabled the woman, who was already equipped, to ca.iry ofl' the prize, and the laugh was wholly at his expenses. I had a momentary feeling of surprise, but on reflection said, "this will pay." It would not, perhaps, require; more than ten minutes of labor to restore the hands aud the apron to a condition of cleanliness, while the artick sccured might be a dinner worth of vegeta- bles for several persons. — Travels m Italy. A Montana paper says: "M. Stone, living near Gaft'ney, cut this season lUO acres of wheat, some of which yielded fifty buslu4s to the acre. And yet people trudge ofl' to Cali- fornia simply to raise wheat. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. EXCHANGE NOTICES. There are so many Agricultural papers of merit in the United States, that to give ex- tended notices of them and their peculiar excellences, would require too much space. We will continue our list from month to month. Our readers can obtain sample copies of either of them by writing to the publishers, giving your address and enclosing a stamp to prepay postage. We will remark right here, that sending a postal card to a publisher for a sample copy, is imposing on good nature. Publishers must prepay postage. They are willing to send a paper to any one who wishes to examine it, but are not generally so generous as to furnish postage stamps to strangers. Some publish- ers advertise that they will pay no attention to postal cards. Commencing with the pulilioations of the West: Central Union AomctJLTUBisT Is a semi-monthly, 8-page paper, the only agricultural paper in Nebraska, and published by Geo. Brewster, at SI 60 a year. Speci- men copies, 10 cents. Thb Kansas Farmer Is a weekly, only agricultural paper in Kan- sas. Published at Topeka. The Missouri Farmer Is a weekly published at Booneville, Mo. Coleman's Rural World Is a weekly publication, by Norman Cole- man, St. Louis, and is one of the most valu- able papers on our exchange list. $2 10 a year. The Journal of Agriculturh Formerly a monthly, now a weekly, is also an excellent paper, pubhshed at St. Louis, Mo. Our Houe Journal and Rural Southland Is one of our favorites, published weekly at New Orleans, La., at $'2 03 a year. We always find something in our Southern ex- changes applicable to California farming. The Bural Sun Is au excellent Southern paper, published at Nashville, Tenu., at $2 50 a year. The Rural Carolinian Is a monthly publication, neatly gotten up in pamphlet form, at $2 00 a year. ^ Publish- ed at Charleston, South Carolina. Send 20 cents for a sample copy. The New England Farmer Boston, Mass., is an excellent weekly, $2 50 a year. We can say the same of the Massachusetts Ploughman, Boston, Mass., |2 50. We should think that these two papers would join forces. But this is their matter, not ours; however, they are both valuable papers. New York produces only about twentj'-five agricultural papers. State Agricultural Journal North Carolina produces the State Agricul- tural Journal, a neat weekly at $2 00. Pub- lished at Raleigh, N. C. The liuiiAL Messenger Petersburg, Va., weekly, S2 00 a year. Thb American Farmer Is another neat Southern monthly, publish- ed at Baltimore, Md., at $1 50 a year. 15 cents will obtain a single copy. l^ Enrighl's Foundry. — Mr. Enright is now at work on quite a number sf Straw-Buruer thresher engines. He expects a big sale this coming season, as his engines give such splen- did satisfaction wherever tried. We expect to see San Jose one of the leading manufac- turing centres for agricultural machinery be- fore many years. < ■ » CF" Bergstrom Flows. — We think that par- ties wishing to purchase good plows would do well to examine the Bergstrom plows ou St. John street. (See advertisement.) These plows are made of superior steel with iron core, so as to give great strength and admit of case-hardened surface that dirt will not stick to and that will wear. We are sure they deserve notice. P^ The National Gold Medal was awarded to Brad- ley & IJuIofson for the best Photographs in the Tnited States, and the Vienna medal for the best in the world. 429 Mantgomery street, San Francisco. ••« E^" Good Work is deserving of credit. Drs. Menefee & Gaston, dentists, San Jose, have lately done some excellent plate-work, difficult to fit, for the editor. In this age of imperfections, when Nature seems inadequate to provide substantial teeth for everybody, a perfect dentist is a perfect blessing. Good health demands sound, clean teeth, and for comfort alone it pays to keep the mill in one's head in good grinding condition. This is our exijerience. E^" San Jose Foundry. — This establishment, managed by Mr. McKinzey, proprietor, is turning out a good deal of agricultural ma- chinery, and every year does more at it. We notice there the Harris Tubular Harrow, two kinds of excellent gang-plows of recent inven- tion, an improved seed-sower, a new grain- cleaner for seed-wheat, etc., and the Pelton horse-powers. Mr. H. Mitchell, the foreman, informs us that they will soon enter more largely into the manufacture of improved farming implements, including threshers, en- gines, etc. f^° From Bradley & Eulofson, leading photographers, San Francisco, we acknowl- edge the receipt of a handsomalj' finished photograph of the Palace hotel, including the oj^posite corners, also handsome models of architecture, one of which is designed for the business of these jihotographers, who will take their new stand ou Market street, in the very heart of the business of the city. At- tached to the card is a description of the ho- tel itself, by Professor Knowlton. Berkshires For Sale! FOUE EXTEA FINE PIGS, 3SowB auil oue Boar pig. Pure-bred Btrkshirei*, far. rowed 19th of last April, by that superior, flfrst- premium, breedinj; sow, America, and sired bj- first- premium boar, Yorso Comet. There are no finer bred pigs in the United States than these. S^ For further information and price, inquire of th@ Editor of this journal. ENLAEaED 'AND lUFR THE FARMERS' STOCK JTOURSrAIi, Till it h:iR noHUpirinr as a. Farmer's and Stockman's ■Journal ou the Cimtinciit; publisbed ou the finest quality of tinted book-paper, beautifully embellished with numerous engravings of Stock, the finest that ar- tistic skill and tafitecan execute, at only $1..10 i)cr year, postiige paid. It is no new onterprise, being in its .•Jth Volume, thoroughly established, recognized and p;itronizcd by the leading stock men and farmers of the East and West. Gives Engravings and Biographi- cal Sketches of leading stock men. The bestpaiier iu the country to adverrise in. It does not claim hun- dreds of thousands of readers io order to deceive ad- vertisers; but it does claim to reach, by bona fide subscription, nearly every agricultural State iu the Union, and in many counties iu Iowa its circulation exceeds that of the local press. Send 10 cents for sample copy and you will like it. No attention paid to postal cards asking for samples. ALEX. CHARLES, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Farmers of Small Means CALIFORNIA HOLDS OUT MANY INDUCEMENTS to immigrants of small means, who may wish to engage in farming. There are fine agricultural lands, still unlucati d, iu the coast and mountain counties, which are admirably adapted to a diperslfied system of tillage. The soil is unusually rich and fertile to the very summits, and even over the steep and rocky places there can be found good pasturage — Nearly all of this land can be broken up with ordinary plows and sown to the cereals and tame grasses, or cultivated iu cotton, ramie, hemp, etc. Much of it is adapted to the growth of all the semi-tropical fruits. The New- ark Land Association have recently placed their valu- able tract of laud {i.Oi 0 acres) in market, subdividing the same into small tracts (1 to 10 acres) for resideiuf; I)ro]K'rty, and 10, 20 and iO were tracts for farms — and will sell on verj' liberal terms to parlies wlio desire to purchase at private sale, until the Grand Aiictiou Sale, which will take place about the last week in Novem- ber or the first week iu ne(r(mber. This land is a perfect garden spot, and within easy reach of the city, and with a climate unsurpassed. NVe soy, then, to farmers of small means, that California offere you in- ducements that no other State in the Union, or country in the world, can offer. Here you can lay the foun- dation of a permanent home, with the certainty of, at least, a competency, and, in all probability, a fortune. The Association has placed the whole management in the hands of Mr. "Wm. H. Martin, the General Agent of the California Immigrant Union, 534 California street. Tliis Means Success. Are BOOK AGENTS aud GOOD SALESMEN " COINING MONEY " with CHRIST IU ART," ILLUSTKATED WITH THE F.\5I0CS Bida Desig^ns, The French Edition of which Sells for 5105.00 Pud the London Edition for ?'200.00. Our Popular Edition, containing over Oue Hundred full-page quarto plates, is the CHEAPKST AND MO.ST ELEG.iST PrBLICATION in America, and the BEST TO SELL. The critics vie with each other in praising it, and the mas-ses nuy rr. Fiom local agent in Southport, Conn.: "Iu our vil- lage of eighty houses I have taken sixty-five orders; have canvassed iu all about twelve days (in village and country), and have taken orders for one hundred and sis copies!" FULL PARTICULARS FREE. Address J. B. FOKS &. CO.. Proprietors, U:t!( Kearny ^«t., Sail Francisco. I N V E N TO R S ! Pat<-nt, send us a model or sketch and a lull description of your iu- vt ution. We •sill make an examination at the Patent Oflice, and if we think it patentable, will send you papers and advice and prosecute your case- Our fee will be, in ordiuarv cases, S25. AD^^CE frf.e. Ad- dress LOUIS B.\GGER k CO, Washington. D. C. KT'Seud Piistal Card for our " Guide fob Obtadjino Patents," a book of 50 pages. SANIA CLARA VALLEY DRUG STOI^E, ■iOd Santa Clara street. Op- posite tlxe Con-rent. S.\J< .JOSE, JOH£f S. SCOTT, IVI.D., Physician and Druggist. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. CHOPARD, nmmii ^ JEWELLER Am] Dealer in SILVER >V^PtE, SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY, At Low Figiirps. (K^ Watches and Jewelry Carefiilly Repaired. THE Jackson Wagons Are known to be THE BEST FAB.1VI WA&OSTS Sold (in this Coapt. Sold quite as Inw as the vI*rcli- auts. Farmers, and as a Guide to Professional Painters. Containing a plaiu, common sense state- of the methods employed by Painters to produce sat- isfactory resnlts in Plain and Fancy Pnlntin^f of every description, iucluiliiiy Foviniilas fnr Min- ing Paint in Oil or AV'ater, 'J'utds n iiuin i, rt. . This is just the Book noede-l by any -frr-Mi hri\i ^ anj'thing to paint, and makes *' every Man liis o^vn Painter. " Full Directions for using Wliite Lead, liamp- Bljick, Ivory Blark, Prussian Bine, I'ltra- Marine, Green, Yello^v, Vermilion, Bro%vn, Lake, Carmine, Wliitin^, Glue, Pumice Stone, Asplialtum and Spirits of Turpen- tine, Oils, Varnishes, Furniture Varnish, Milk Paint, Preparinjj Kalsomine, ^.- PAINT FOE 0UT-BUILDING3, AVhitewash, Paste for Paper-Ilanjiinjn:, Graining in Oak, Maple, Maho;;any, Rose- wood, Black Walnut: Hanging- Paper, Staining, Gildin«;, Bronziiig^, Transferring- Decalcomania, Making Rustic Pictures, Painting Flower-Stand, Mahogany Polish, Rosewood Polish. Varnishing Furniture Waxing Furniture, Cleaning Paint, PAINT FOR FARMING TOOLS, for Machinery, anil for IIouseholr the late rains have filled the soil with moisture and now is your opportunity. HAJ^rTA BRO'S, East San Jose. SEEDS. SEEDS. New Crop Just Arrived and New Ship- ments Continually Arriving. VEGETABLE. GRASS, AND CLOVER SEEDS: KEN- TUCKY BLUE GRASS, HUNGARIAN. ITALIAN. ORCHARD. RED TOP. TIMOTHY. MESQ HIT, SWEET VERNAL, RED CLOVER, WHITE CLOVER, ETC. Also, ihoice CALIFORNIA ALFALFA, iu larRe or small quantities; AUSTRALIAN BLUE GUiM SEED, and seeds of every variety and description. Fresh and Re liable. For sale. Wholesale or Retail, at the OLD STAND, by B. F. WELLINGTON, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN SEEDS, 435 Washington Street, San FrancUco. HENI^Y B. ALVORD, DEALER IN mkii Sy!LDSES' Material, CARPENTERS' TOOLS, Agricultural Implements, IRON, STIiEL, AXLES, SPRINGS, <&€., ALL RINDS OF SHELF U.IRDWARE & CliTLERY 326 First St. San Jose- SMALL FARM FOR SALE! AGREEABLY HITFATED ON THE FOOT-HILLS iu the WARM BELT, nine niilee from San Jose, near Lob Gatos. 25 acres in Cultivation, 65 acres of Pat^ture and Live-Oak Grove, SO acres of Chaparral and Wtiudlaiid; tw<:> Springs on the place. D'wclliii'jf House, Bnrii, Oi'cliiii'il, Garden, \V'«*1I, '-J Gtiod Horses, One Colt, 4 yojirs old. Out' Faiiii \V:iyoii, One Spring AVajfoii, Vi Tons of lliiy, 5 Head of Dairy Stoc-U, 50 C'lkickeiis, (-ood Farm- ill'';' Iiiip]eiiieiit<«. House Kiir- iiitiire, LiOt of Tools, «S^c . Title, U. S. Patent. Price, $3,500 Part Cash, Easy Terms for the remainder. Address. LOS 0ATOS P. O.. or applv on the Prom Ises to the Proprietor. G. GUISKINOT . EMPEY ^ LEITITARD, Mainifui'tun'i'R and Pciiln-.s iu HAR- NESS, SADDLERY COL- LARS, Cari'ia.^e Ti-iininings Etc. Ko. 2C2 Santa I'htm Street. SAPJ JOSS. ANGORA Robe I Glo^© MANUFACTURING CO., SAN JOSE, CAL. CAFITAIi STOCK, - $50,000 OFFICERS: President C. P. BAILEY Secretary FRANK LEWas Treasurer J.W. HINDS DIRECTORS ! C. p. BAILEY. J. W. HINDS, JACKSON LEWIS. C. H. LAPHaM. RETURN ROBERTS. Manufacture Exclusiyely from Angora Goat Skins mi m EOBES, HATS, Unas, GLOVES, Ladies' Cloaks, Sacaues, Dress Trimm- ings, and Gents' Caps. Coats and Coat Trimmings. ALSO. SKINS AND FURS TANNED LN A SUPERI. or Manner for Saddlers'.Upholsters' and Glovers' Work. Having the Sole Right to use a NEWPROCESSOFTAMMANHDYEIM ALL STYLES OF CLOVES FROM ANGORA GOAT AND DEER-SKINS Fnr Gaunllets, Driving and Worlilnit Glovea a Specialty. Cash paid for Goat and Deer-Skins. Skins should be thoroughly Salted when Fresh- May be perfectly Dried in the Shade. Sun-dried Skina are woithlesB. STEAWBSRRIES and PEACHES, NEW SORTS, BY WIAIL. Plants of the newest and finest im- proved sorts, carefully packed and prepaid by mail. My collection of Strawberries took tte first premim- um for the best Collection at the great show of the IVEass. Horticul- tural Society, in Boston, this sea- son I grow nearly 100 varieties, the most complete collection in the Country, including all the new large American and imported kinds. Priced descriptive Catalogue, gra- tis, by [mail. Also Bulbs, Fruit Trees, Roses, Evergreens. 25 packets Flower or Garden Seeds, $1.00 by mail. Q_ Q, The True Cape Cod Cran- C. berry, best sort for TTpland, Lowland or Garden, by mail, pre- paid. SI per 100, $5 per 1,000. Wholesale Catalogue to the Trade. Agents ^Vanted. B. WI. WATSON, Old Colony Nurseries and Seed AVarehouse, Plymouth. AXass. Established 1842. P.VIXTER'S Manual— House and sign painting. Rraiuina, varnishinR. polishiUR. kalsominiug, pa- pering. «:c , .-.O c.'nts. Book of Alp'iabets, 5U; ScrollB and Oruanionts, $1; Carpenttr's Manual, .'iO; Watch- maker and Jeweler, BO; Taxidermist. 60; Soap-maker, ■i.'i- Authorship, r.O; Lightninif Calculator. 2.'i; Hunter and Trapper's Uulrte, 20; Dog Training, 35. Of book- sellers, or by mail. JESSE HANEY & CO., lUl Nas sau street, N. Y. fo 10. a. T.— GRANaER LODGE, No. SM, meets • eveay MONDAY eveping, at 8 o'clock, in their Hall, No -iM Santa Clara street, over the S. J. Savings Hank. JMeinbi-rs of sister Lodges and sojcnimiiig members in good standing arc invited to attend, John B. Stevens, W. Sec'y. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. C. S. Crydenwise, CARRIAGE MAKER. PIOXEKR CAR- riage Shop. 31-1 Second Strket, Between Sauta Clara Btreet and Fountain Alley. SAN JOSE. Aariit for Fisli Bro. 's ^Vas^ons . Locke c& Montague, IMPOKTEES AND DEALEKS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware Saz. 112 and 114 Battery Street SAN FRANCISCO. THE PARKER GUN, SEND STAMP FOR CIRCULAR PARKER BRO'S WEST MERIDEN,CT. "WM. SHEWS m mmmm mwrnm, 115 KEARNT ST., SAN FRANCISCO. This well known "Palace of Art, " formerly lo- cated on Montgomery St., No. 417, is now on Kearny St., No. 115 and lias no connection with any other. Strangers visiting the City will find it for their interest to patronize this establishment for any kind of picture from Minature to Life Size. N. B. The very best Rembrandt Cards Album Pize S per doz. equal to any that cost ?4 on Montgomery St.; other sizes equally low in proportion. ap THE NEW IMPKOVED Side Feed and Back Feed. THE LIGHTEST RUNNING, MOST SIM- PLE, AND MOST EASILY OPERATED SEWING MACHINE IN THE MARKET, Always in Order andRdyfor Work,' If there is a FLORENCE MACHINE within one thousand miles of San Fran- cisco not working well, I will fix it with- out any expense to the owner- SAMUEL HILL, Agent, No. 19 New Montgomery Street,' GRAND nOTEL BriLDrXG, SAN FRAN0I800. 177S. CENrEMIAL 1876. Chicago & Northwestern Railway. las.s.ujjeis fur Ciuea«.,. Niajj^ra Falls, Pitts- burg. PhiLidelpliia, Mnuli-oal. C,)uel)eo, New York lioston, or any point East, sliould buy their Traii'jcontinental Tickets via OHICASO &NOETHWESTERN EAILWAV This is the liEST KOUTI-: E\ST Its Track is of HTEEf, liAII.S, and ou it has been made the FASTEST tiiTiethat has ever been MADE in this country. By this route passengers for points east of Chicago have choice of the following lines from Chicago: Pitlsburar, Fortivayiie and Cliicai;o and Prnnsylv.ini.i Railways. •J THROUGH TRAIN'S DAILY, WITH PAL\CE U Cars through to Philadelphia and New York on each train. 1 THROUGH TRAIN. WITH PULLMAN PAL- 1 ace Cars to Baltimore and Washington. Lake Nliore and Mirliigan Southern Railway and Connsctions— New 1 ork CcTitr.-il it Krie ICailroads q THROUGH TR.UXS DAILY, WITH PAL.ACE t) Drawing Hoom and Silver Palace Sleeping Cars through New York. Dlichij^an Central. Grand Trunk. Great Western and Erie ami New York Central Railways q THROUGH TRAINS, WITH PULLMAN PAL- • } nee Drawing Room and Cars through to New York to Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Rochester, or New York city. Baltimore and OIlio Railroad. O THROUGH TRAINS DAILY, WITH PULL- w man Palace Cars for Newark, Zanesville, Wheeling, Washinglou and Baltimore without change. This is the Shortest, Best and only line run niug PuUman celebrated Palace Sleeping Cars and Coaches: connecting with Union ^ciflc Railroad at Omaha and from the »Vest, via Grand .Junitiou, Marshall, Cedar Hapids. Clinton, Sterling and Dison, for Chi- cago and the East. This popular route is luisurpassed for Speed Comfort and Safety. Thesmooth. well-ballasted and perfect track of steel rails, the celebrated Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, the perfect Tele- gi-aph System f moving trains, the regularity with which they run, the admirable arrangement for running through cars to Chicago from all points West, secure tu r)ns.sengerB all the comforts in modern Railwaj' Traveling. No changes of Cars and no tedious delavs at Ferries. Passengers will find Tieliets via this Favorite Route at the General Ticket Oflice of the Central Pacific Krailroad, Saorami uto. Tickets for sale in all the TicbetOfflcesof the Central PaciffcR R H. P. STANWOOD. General Agency. 121 Mont- gomery street, San Francisco. VTNTrriAT? Ho^' MADE IN V li> ll/Va/Vrl. 10 HOURS from Cider, ^\ ine. Molasses or Sorghum, without usin" drugs. Address, F. I. SAGE,- Vinegar Maker" Springfield, Mass. ECLIPSE Wiad Are the CHEAPEST, STORNGEST and BEST where Are considered. Their Record is their Recommenda. tion. 3,500 in Successful Operation in Thirty-one States. Tested EiiM Tear,5 as a Solf-Pieinlating Mill CELEBRATED METAL PUMPS For Hand or Wini Mill Use. THE TRACHBM PUMP IS THE BEST PUMP for Wind Mill or H:ind use made. Send for Il- lustrated Circular cf Mills and Pumps. CHAE.LSS P. IHOAC. 118 Beale St., San Fi^ancisco. C^First-ClasB Workmen furnished to erect Hills when desired. I. A. HATCH, Carpenter, San Jose, Agent for SANTA CLARA C0UNT5'. FARMERS' UNION. (Successors to .\. Phibter & Co.) Corner of Second and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE CAPITAL $100,000. Wm. Ebkson, President. H. E. Hills, Manager. Di. ectorsi Wm. Erkson. L. F, Chipman, Horace Little, C. T. Settle, Thomas E. Snell J. P. Dudley, David Campbell, James Singleton, E. A. Braley, t^" Will do s General Mercantile Businesg. Also, receive deposits, on which such interest will be al- lowed as may be agreed upon, and make loans on ap- proved security. SjVI^ JOSE SAVINGS BANK, 2.SG Santa Clara Street. CAPITAL STOCK Paid in Capital (Grold Coin) $500,000 $300,000 Oflicers: President John H. Moobe Vice-PreEident s. A, Bishop .. H. H. ilEYXOLDS Cashier, Directors: John H Moore, Dr. U Bryant, H. Mabiiry. s. A. Bishop, H. H. Reynolds, James Hait, James W. ^"hiting. NEW FEATURE! This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts," bearing inter- est at 6, 8 and 10 per cent per annum ; inten 8t payable promptly at the end of six months frum date of de- posit. The " Receipt" may be transferred by indorse- ment and the principle with interest paid to" holder. Interest also allowed on Book Accounts, l>eginiiing at date of deposit. Our vaults are largo and strong as anv in the State, and specially adaptcti for the safe-keeping of Bonds, Stocks, Papers. Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc. at trifling cost. ' Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New^ York, in Gold or Currency, at reasonable rates, Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. FAit.saz;B.s' National Gold Bank OF SAN JOSE. Paid up Capital (Gold Coin) S.]00,000 Authorized Capital SI, 000, 000 President JOHN W. HINDS Vice-President E. C. SPsGLETARY Cashier W. T. TISD.ALE Directors I C. Burrel. C. G- Harrison, Wm. D. Tisdale, E. C. Singletarv, E. L. Bradley, Wm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds. Will allow interest on Deposits, buy and sell Ex- change, mate collections, loan money, and transact A General Banking Business. Special inducement* ofiered to fanners, merchants, mechanics, and all classes for commercial accounts. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., S.U< JOSE. f i 9 y California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. i Hydrattlic Earns, Lead and Iroa Pips, Erass Goods, Eo:8 Wirj, Tarmer:' Eoikr:, House rurLishicg Warsa. Eh Eh Pi 1 " P4 c!j Blac-ksmith. C. E. CAMPBELL, mauaf:tctnrtr of Well Pipe nncl G.ilvn.iiize<1 Iron F limps »vitU improved valves. Tin, Copper, Zinc and Slieet- Iroii Avares, Galvanized Iron C'hiiiineys, Tin Rooiiug, Pliintb- ing, etc. No::j;J9 rirst Street, opposite Kl Do- rado st. Meqefee &. Gastor\ S. W. Cor. Saula Cl,irii ami First Sts OvtT Farmers' National Gold Bauk. SAN JOSE. (E?" Special attention given to Flue Gold Fillings. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sits., S.\N JOSE. LAEQE .5; SMALL FARMS FOU PAJ.E. Lots in all Parts of the City FOE PALC. Insurance in One of the Best Companies. JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, Pioneer Blacksmith and Carriage Shop. Bnll>ac-h^.s Ne«' Bricic, cor. Sec- ond st. and Fountain Alley, SAN .JUSE. Agent for Flsli Bi'o. 's Wagons . New "Work and repairing of Agricultural Imxilements, etc. Wesf.s American Tire-Setter. Bi'rgstrom Plows (;hris.Berg6trom, formerly Snpt. of tlie Ber gst roin Ploiv Works, Meena, Wis. St. John St. HAN .JOSE. Aquaria, Flower-Stands, Window Eracltots, Forncrios, Bird-Iiscs and Eooia, l7y Brackets, Wire riowcr-pot Stands, Wall Brackots, (Jlass Eludes, Etc FAEMEES TAKE NOTICE 1JEF0HE PrCHASING A PLOW y (luii't fnryet tn and examine the Bergstrom First Premim Plow At Chris. Bcrg'strom's BLACKSMITH & WAGON SHOP St. .John St., bet. First fc Market Sts., SAN JOSE. To W. Mitchell, Porter's Block, cor. Santa Clara and Second Sts, SEEDSM AH and FLORIST A Bid De:»l*^r in FJowerinj^FJiinla, Ornnntontal SUrtihsi, Uiilbti iititi Flo^verinsr Roots in Variety, Uan^injj Bas- kets, Dried Oriinses, Frrncli Immortelles of Assorted Colors, Etc., Ktc. (E^ Sepfls, FrcRhaml RLli:iI)Ie. North Side MARKET, E. C. MUNN, Cor. let and St. John Strsste. San Jose Best Quality of Meats, Low •r;iis Caah ROCK'S 1^^ Ig^ eavi ^^9 eSd hCh & North of San Jose. Witbiu Tfii Miuut'^K walk of terminus of North Side Horse Railroad. TREE DEPOT, In San -Tose, near Wells, Fargo k C'o's Express Office. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrub- ery, Vines, Plants, Etc., Creen- House Plants. A Splendid Assortment of TIEL-UZT TREES. WE HAVE AN IMMENESE NTMEER. A LARGE Stock of most tlet^iruble Sorts aud Varieties, hll 'Iri-es of Superior Growth aud Health, well furiued with Good Roots. The late addition of lar^^'s Pro|)- ;i;>iitiiig' and Green-Honaes to our Nurserits, cu- able U8 tu nfftr better Indurements to the Trade thau ever before. Uur Everjfreen and Forest Trees are remarkably Fine and in Great Variety. Now is the time for Buying and fur Great Bargains to all who want Large or Small Orders. JOHN ROCK, STurseryman, San Jose. NOVEMBEE. | s. M. T. w. T. F. 8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 1 r 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 — — R. C. Kirby & Co., SANTA CEUSSAKMD SOLE LEAIHSR Wholesale DeaSers. OFFICE : 402 and 404 Battery St., San Francisco. ARTHUI\ GORE, M. D., SURGXSOVr DENTZST, Offioe. Odd-FellOTs' Building, Pacific Avtnue. Ovor Post Offlco, Santa Cruz, Cat. All Operiitions performed acrordlnj; to the mo>«t -Approved Piincijiles of our best DKXTAL. SCHOOLS, aud «at- i'ftictiou u^uaranteed in all Reasonable Cases. ii'TT Officf hniirfi from fl a. m. to I r. m.. and from 3 E. J. WILCOX, \Viico.\ Block, No.19 1 First St., SAir JOSE, CAIm. CnJlJvrida and I-Jastri'n Mude BOOTS AUD SHOES, A Large and Superior Apsorfment. KTo. 394 rirst Street, "Wilcos Block, San Jose. ALL KINDS OF PALMNIA AND mm LUMBER, Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc n of any Valve ever invented. For cheapness, durability and capacity of discharging water, they are not equaled by any other Valve. We manufacture sizes from 3 to 7 inches diHmeter, and for Hand. 'Wimlmill and Horse-power or Steam Pumps. We also keep on hand and manufac- ture the best and cheapest Well Pipes. FRED. KLEIN, Dealer in Stoves, etc.. No. 227 Santa Clara street, a few doors west of the Postoftice, San Jose, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 3-37 First S(ret(. THE HIGHEST CASH PRiCE PAID FOB Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. C. SCHRODER, CALIFOEHIA IMi FACTSEI, 349 Santa Clara Street, Near the (.>p'Ta House, Gau Jose. Confectionery in Great Variety, Wholseale and Retail. I^T Orders promptly attended to, FRED. KLEIN, STOVES, SHEET-IRON", Copper, Tinware, Iron Pumps, Kitchen Utensils, Celebrated Peerless Stoves. 2'37 Saiifu. Clura St., Nrar Postofflce. SiN JosE. DF^. N. KLEIN. SURGEON DEUJTIST. RHODES & LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, Xo. 335 First Street, SAN JOSE ^Qiiiii Subscription Price, $1.50 a year. SAN JOSE, CAL., DECEMBER, 1875. Single Copies, 15 cents. y TABLE OF CONTENTS. Pa,g9 366, Kditorial .— Dampness Ineide o Dwellings and how to Obviate it. Financial Etc. •* 267, Editorial Notes. Etc. ** 368, Poetry, — Autwmn of Life. Nature's Nobleman. Out from the River. The Apple Bee. Fallen Leaves. Work. Song of the Seasons. 1775—1875. Tho Absurdity of it. ** 369, Editorial.— Fruits and Fruit Trees. *• 370, Editorial (continued) .— Tarleton Or- chard Cultivator. Etc. ** 371, Correspondence. — A Christmas Story, (by Neil Van). *' 373, Correspondence (continued). — From San Benito County. Letter from Lompoc Temperance Colony. Deep Plowing. Flecks or Scuds in Butter (Editorial). '■ 378, Stock Breeder. — International Exhibi- tion of Live Stock at Philadelphia, 1876. ** 374, Stock Breeder (continued) .—Camels. Shipment of Short-horns for San Francisco, Tke Dairy. — Commencement .^nd Progress of Associated Dairy Farming. Poultry Yard.— Watering Poultry. Buckwheat for Poultry. Etc. ** 375, Hygienic.— Croup and How to Treat it, (by "Jewell"). Make them Comfortable. Salt Water for the Eyes. Tobacco. Farmers and Rheumatism. Plenty of Sleep. Bathing and Exercise good for the Eyes. Etc. •' 376, Porcine.— Pat and the Pig. The Berk- shire Hog. Breeding Swine. What Consti- tutes a Good Pig. Grapes Make Pork. Short Hog Crop. Etc. *• 377, Pisciculture. —Fish and What the Fish Commissioners have done to Stock our Waters. Etc. *• 378, Educational.— Self-Made. Do Agricul- tural Colleges Make Farmers? Influence of Newspapers. TUe Horse.— Horse-Haciug at our Fairs. Bridle Breaking. Keeping Horses' Legs and Feet in Order. Glanders. '* 379, Sheep and Goats. —The Angora Goat Business East. Foot Rot in Sheep. *' 380, Slieep and Goats (continued),— Api- ary.—Silas Hiving Bees. Our Heavy Prod- uct. Feeding Bees. Etc. •• 381, Capital and Labor, —The Danger of Borrowing, (by Dr. Scott) . Which shall Rule? Interest too High, Etc. '* 383, HouseUold Reading,— Country Maid- ens. Chats With Farmers' Wives and Daugh- ters, No. 12, (by Jewell). Grandfather's Let- ter. No 3. Etc. '* 383, Domestic— Familiar Talks, No. 5, (by Snip) Carving at Table. How to Prepare Feathers for Use. Recipes. *• 384, Miscellany. W SMITH & RYDER, JEWELERS, Wilcox: Block, corner First and San Fernando streets, San Jose. E ARE NOW OPENING SOME CHOICE GOODS SELECTED FOR THE HOLIDAY SEASON ! New styles Solid Silver Ware, fine Silver Platerl Hollow Ware. Fine American ami Swiss Stem-winding WATCHES, extra finish, and made expressly for lis, durable, reliable, and possessing all the latest improve- ments. A new lot of small SILVER WATCHES FOR BOYS, Clocks and Regulators, fline Optical Goods, 16-K. Gold Pens and Holders, Gold Chains aud Gold Lockeis. ONYX JEWELRYI The latest noveltlee in Pins, Ear-riugs, Neek-laces, I^ockets, Crosses, Medalions, vtc. Fine Gold Jewelry of California manufacture. KINGS with DIAMONDS, Pearls, Stone Cameo, Amcthyrst, and other Precious Stones. Plain Gold and Band Rings, and a great variety of other First-class Goods. ALL GOODS ENGRAVED WITHOUT EX 1 RA CHARGE . Our facilities for Repairing fine watches, clocks, jewelry. Optical Goods, i^c, are unsurpassed. SMITH & RYDER, Wilcox Block, San Jose. TOYS! Holiday Presents Given Away at WILLARD'S j SAN JOSE DOLLAR STORE ! ] Very large line of Crockery, Glass and PUited Ware always on hand, very cheap, at th..' DOLL.Ul STORE, ! i83 Santa Clara Street, Knox Block. MORTON & CO. Have lots of fine HOLIDAY GOODS, and substantial articles. If you want to start the New Y'ear on a clean leaf, get one of our DIARIES for 1876. L. HOURIET & CO. EMPEY & LENNAUD, Manufacturers and I'ealr r8 in HAR- r^^^^K COL- NESS, g^^^ LARS, SADDLERY, Carriage Triinniings Etc. Xo. 2G2 Saula Clara Sired. SAisr josz:. JACKSON lewis; 1 DEALER IN j WATCHES, JEWELRY, SILVER WARE, SPECTICLES, ETC. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS, Wishes to call vour attention to the following PRICE LIST : WATCHES: P. S. Bartlet's 3 oz. Silver Case, exp. bal., $20.00; Elgin, same grade, :i oz, f'iO.OO; H. & O. Perrett, S16.0O; Rrpi) Geneva, ?25 00; Ladies' Gold Himting Case, J. Mathey, Slo.OO; do do, S20 00; do do, 523.60; do do, 525.00; do do, 528.00. A full assortment of Gold and Silver Watches, prices ranging accord- ingly. CLOCKS :- One-day lime, $1.25; One-day alarm, $2; Eight-day time, $4: Eight-day alarm, 5i.50; Four inch marine, 52 Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co.'s, Reed & Barton's, and Derby Silver Co.'s Silver Plated Ware. Table Sspoons, per set, $i; Table Forks, per set, $4; Tea Spoous, per set, $2— All Styles. The above Forks and Spoons are XXX. or triple plate hest. Eepairing neatly done at low figvires. No- 324 Santa Clara St., San Jose. Price List limited on account of space. Having replenished his stock is prepared to sell at prices to suit the times. No. 259SSanta Clara Street, SAPr JOSE. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. PTHE TRUTH ABOUT The DAVIS VICE'S FLOWER .AND VEGETABLE GAULEN ! TT IS TfVe most beautiful WORK OF THE ^ kiml iu tbe worlil. It coutaius nearly 150 pagen, liuudrtds of line illustratioiiB, and FoiTK Chromo Plates of Flowers, beautifully drawn and colored from nature. Price '.iii cents in pai"-t-r oovfrK; 65 cents bound in elegant cloth, Vick'b Floral Guide, quar- terly, 35 cents a year. Address JAMES VICK, Rochester, N> Y. LOS GAT03 NURSERIES! S. NEWHAL.L, Prop'r - - - San Jose. A LARGE AND GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Everiireens, Flower- ing Shrubs, Roses, Greenhouse Plants, Grapevines, Small Fruits, etc. I off^r for sale a well assorted, well grown and healthy stock. liOw-topped stalky fruit trees a speeialty. Address S. NEWHALL, San Jose. BREEDERS' DIRECTORY. Parties desiring to purchase Live Stock will find iu this Directory the names of some of the most reliable Breeders. OrR Bates.— Cards of two lines or less will he in- serted in this Directory at the rate of 50 cents per month. A line will average about eight words. Payable annually. SHEEP AND GOATS. CATTLE, S. B. EMERSON, Mountain Vi-w, Santa Clara county. Gal., breeder of Short-Horn and Holstein Cattle and Cutswold Sheep. CBIARI.ES CL.ARK, Mllpitas. Santa Clara county, Cal., breeder of Short-Hurn Cattle and Swine. TT DOES NOT TAKE AN HOUR TO GET ! JL ready to do a minute'b work, but is always_ready in | a minute to do a day's woik. The Favorite of the Family circle. Ruus^more easily and quietiv than any other machine. The DAVIS presents these advantages : It prevents fulling or gatherin^of goods, will sew over thick seams, or from one thicliuess to another, without change of stitch or tension, and make the most Elastic, Durable and Uniform Lock Stitch of any Machine before the public. fP»?EC. The only one having an Automatic Bobbin Wiudi-r, and the most wonderful attachment for making, the Knife Pleating. The peculiar feature of DAVIS is its VERTICAL FEED, which is essentially different from any other Machine manufactured, requiring no acquired slull to operate it, nor basting of the goods, and all should give it an axamiuatiuu at least bet ore purchasing any other, After six weeks" trial ut the Franklin Institute Exhi- bitiou, held at Philadelphia in 187i, it was A^varclert tlie Gtaiid Mftlal A<>;ainst Nine- teen Competitors 1 And has universally been awarded the FIRST PRE- MIUM at all principal Fairs where exhibited. "We have the best mBuufacturing machine in use. Energetic and responsible Agents wanted in all un- occupied territory. For further iuformatiou, circular and terms, call on or address G. L. BIGELOW, AL,'i'iit fur S.iiita Clara County. Salesroom, IHo. 458 First Street, San Jose Foundry Block, san jose, Or THE UiVIS SEWIXG MACHINE CO.. I I 8 Post St., San Erancisco. ^fW Fur 75 &nl)PLriiitioiis to tbe California A<;ri- Cliifiirist ami Live StofU Joiirii.-il at ■^l..">0 eacli. tlie imttliKtirrs will give a S70 Neiv Davis SeAvingr i>Iacliiiie. Here it* an npportiinity for Bome enert^t tie liutv to get the best Kewiug-uiacbine tor a little time well eiuiilo.yea. The Davis took the flrut preniium at the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Soci- ety's Exhibition last Fall. CYRUS JONES & CO., San .lose. Santa Clara county. Cat. .breedersf Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. JOS. L. CH.IMBERS, St. Johns, Colusa county, I Cal . tjreeder of Short-Horn Cattle. C. COMSTOCK, Sacramento, California, breeder of i Short-Horn Cattle. J.BREWSTER, G:i]t Station. Sacramento county, I Cal . brceiler of Short-Horn Cattle . WM. FLEMING, Short-Horn Cattle. Napa, California, breeder of W. L. OVERHISER, Stockton, San Joaquin Co., Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. J. B. REDMOND, Black Point, Marin county, Cal.. breeder of Sbort-Horn Cattle. MOSES WICK, Oi'oville. Butte county, California, breeder ■ .f Short-Horn Cattle. R. S. THOMPSON, • N \ P A . C A L. I.Mli.Jl, n.l; AXli BUEEDEI! OF THOHOlGH-KRiSU BERKSHIRE SWINE. SWINE. CH.YRLES CL.*RK, Milpitas, Sauta Clara County, Cal., breeder of Purebred Berksliire Swine. J. R. ROSE, Lakeville. Sonoma county, Califor- nia, breeder of Devon Cattle. G. D. MORSE, San Francisco, Breeder of Short- Horn and Devon Cattle. J. R. .JEWELL, Petaluraa, Sonoma county, Cal. breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SENECA D.1,NIBI S, Lakeville, Sonoma aounty. Cal., breeder of Devon Cattle. JOHN .TFDSON, Bloomfield, Sonoma county, Cal., breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. A. MILLARD, San Rafael. Marin county. Califor- nia, breeder of Jerse.vs and Alderneys. ::. p. I IVERMORE, San Francisco, breeder of Slii'rt-Horn Cattle. BEN.MOTT & PAGE, San Francisco, breeders of Shurt-H.jrn Cuttle. LEWIS PIERCE, Suisun. Solano county, Califor- nia, breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. LENDBUM & ROGERS, 'Watsonville, Cal., im- porters and breeders of Pure -\ugora Goats. POULTRY. MRS. 1j. J. \V.\TKINS, Santa Clara, Premium Fowls. White and Brown Leghorn, S. S. Hamburg, L. Brjihnias. B. B. Red Game, Game Bantams, and Avlesbury Dmks. Also, Eggs. M FAI^L-OX, Seventh and Oak streets. Oakland. Cal.. otters for sale Eggs from every variety of choice Fuwls. ALBERT E. BURBANK, -13 and -W California Market. San Fr.'aicisro. importer and breeder of Famy Fowls, Pi^eout,. Rabbits, etc. MISCELLANEO US. S. HARRI^i HARRIXG, San Jose, Cal.. agent for several breeders of Best Purebred animals and poul- try. We bring the breeder and purchaser together direct, and do not stand between them, while we aid each for moderate pay. DAVVSOX A BAXCROFT, U. S. Live Stock Ex- change, southeast corner u4 Fifth and Bryant streets San Francisco. All kinds of common and thorough- bred Stock always on exhibition and for sale. SPLEXOID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, only S>*-3 a dozen, and Cabinets S4 a dozen, at HOW- LANH'S Gallery (Heeriug"s old stand] No. 3.')9 First street, San Jose. fe ly WALLACE & COCHRAN 386 First street. Handsome turnouts always on hand at fair prices. Fine hearse for funerals. Carriages for sale. Give us a trial. Tn^ GOODEITOTTaH CO.1I.1IO.V-S ENS K SYSTE.1I HOESISHOEIE SHOP, Cor Santa Clara &. San Fedro Sts. (Opposite Post Ottice.) The only Natural Hethd'of Shuoing the Horse -'I'D I'KEVKNT- THOS. BUTTEKPIELD & SON, HKK1-1>K11H .\N1) IMri.'K'ir.KS OF I ANGORA OR CASHMERE GOATS, eS~ Also, Cotswold and other long wool SlK'cp.''4'« FRENCH AND SP.VNISH MEIllNOS. UOLLISTER, MONTEREY (O, CAL. COKITS, BTXITIOITS, Contractiou of the HOOF, and all LAMEXESS rosultiii',' from riisf)und Feet. T. H. IiAI^COIVX, Proprietor- A. O. HOOKEli, Late Gunckel A: Hooker L. FlNKiAK. Late of Marj'sville I OFFICE, , 359 ' I'iisl St, DENTISTS. I San Jose. aiiforiiia Agriculturist Emmwrn, e 'T o OK j^ o ^ Fi Iff ua Vol. 6. Saa Jose, Cal., Deceraber, 1875. ITo. 12 DAMPNESS INSIDE OF DWELLINGS AND HOW TO OBVIATE IT. A lacly subscriber writes that the recent wet spell of weather, although good for farm- ing out-of-doors, has been rough on house- wives who have large washings to do, and that the damp has accumiilated in sleeping- rooms so that the walls are mouldy and even the bedding is damp. She wishes to know how to remedy this, or rather, how to prevent it. In reply we will say that much of the damp- ness complained of has probably come from the tea-kettle and other vessels that are al- lowed to steam upon the stove in the kitchen. The steam does not condense upon the walls of the kitchen, because the ceiling is warmed in that room; but it escapes from the kftchen through doors into other rooms that are cold, and whatever the particles of steam and mois- ture from oft' the stove comes in contact with in cold rooms it condenses upon them, so that the walls, furniture, bedding, etc., all accu- mulate moisture by condensation in this way. Another thing we will call attention to in this connection — whatever is boiling upon the stove, be it ham, cabbage, onions, corned beef or other food, if the doors leading from the kitchen to other parts of the house are open, the scents are carried with the steam and de- posited upon whatever is cold enough to con- dense the steam. This is why some houses are filled with a smell " peculiar to the fami- ly," as all the clothes catch a share of it and carry it, too. Our advice in this case is, first, whenever any vessel is steaming on the stove, shut the doors that connect with other rooms and open window or outside door of the kitchen to al- low the steam to escape. Don't allow steam- ing upon the stove excepting when necessary to do cooking, washing, etc. When there is nothing steaming upon the stove and a clear, dry heat alone is generated, then open the other door and allow the dry heat to circulate through the rooms. At other times it is well, in fact necessary, to open windows and air the rooms thoroughly. The best time to do this in Winter is usually after ten o'clock in the morning, when the air is the dryest and a breeze has sprung up which is drying. With a little studious care no room or article in the house need to get moist or musty. It is only necessary to understand the philosophy of the thing, ventilate thoroughly at suitabl times, use the dry heat from stoves and fire- places whenever it is convenient, and be care- ful to observe and enforce such rules as are in accordance with reason. QuicKxiME and wood ashes, made into a whitewash, will destroy the moss on old hide- bound tree. Try it. Lo not use it with much potash on smooth-barked or young trees, as there is danger of injm-ing them. FINANCIAL. Dr. Scott's article on the "Danger of Bor- rowing," in this issue, is worth reading and pondering upon. It is certainly better for us all to get down as near first principles as we can, and "go slow, " as the saying is. In other words, depend upon self more, and make industry and close application to busi- ness within our means the method of acquir- ing means with which to branch out, and grow like the oak — slowly but surely. As the year draws to a close, it is a fit time to take a retrospective glance at the prospects and realizations of the past, and pondering upon the lesson, determine the best course to pursue in the future. If our mistakes have led us into difficulties, let us not be cast down, but arise suijerior to them and do bet- ter next time, or try to, at any rate. Those who have lost by borro^^-ing should in a great measure blame themselves, although the pres- ent financial system is certainly oppressive upon industry and ought to be revolutionized. Bankers, like men in other speculative trades, naturally try to take advantage of the market, and even \\-ill control it. if thej- can, to their own advantage. To be sure they are to blame for tightening up their purse-strings, advanc- ing interest rates and foreclosing upon a man who has a show to save himself; but until a better financial system prevails, what else can we exi^eot of coin-hardened, case-hardened men? A better financial system! How is that to come about? Who is to give it to us, and what will it be? These are questions that in- terest tis all, and upon which there is self-in- terest of the money-power ujion one side, and the poor, divided-in-opiuion common people on the other side. Who, indeed, will give us a better sj'stem, and how? Not the bankers, you may depend; not those whose interests are with the banks. Like every great reform that ever gained sway, the peo- ple must be the ones to move and to jiue it to thetn- selves, in spite of all opposition. This means revolution— peaceable if we can, forcible if we must. An honest system must spring from an honest people. An intelligent system must be the progeny of an intelligent people. The honesty and the intelligence are both sadly lacking; still there is hope that our peo- ple will soon be prepared for a grand reform in this direction. Thb Tkappee. We have received a copy of the Amateur Trapper and Trap-Makers' Guide, which is a complete and carefully prepared treatise on the art of trapping, snaring and netting, con- taining a great deal of useful information. Written by Stanley Harding and published by Dick iV: Fitzgerald, IS Ann street. New York. Just the book for the boys. Price only 50 cents. Send for one. Vhe If est If umber comences a new volumu with improvements. Subscribe now. Many subscribers to this journal have ex- pressed satisfaction at and approval of our admitting none but worthy business adver- tisements in the California Agrigultdrist. It ever has been and will continue to be our aim to conduct our monthly strictly in the best interests of its readers, guarding its col- umns against the intrusion of anything that is not honorable and worthy of attention. We feel that the trust reposed in or accept- ed from us is a sacred one, and purpose to so conduct the paper that none who are well- meaning can take exceptions to it, while all who love and respect the right shall be pleased to continue to be its readers and our friends- Ramie and Jute. Of these prodncts the Commissioner of Ag- riculture says; " There is, perhaps, no one. subject of ag- ricultural production in which I have taken more interest than that which relates to fib- rous plants, especi.iUy ramie and jute. These have been brought iuto notice within the last four years through the influence of this de- partment, and now they are about to assume an importance which is only beginning to be known. Both these plants will grow success- fully in all our Southern States, and especially in California. The impediment heretofore to their production has been the diiflculty of sep- arating the fibre from the gummy principle and green covering of the jjlants. But this jiroblem, it is believed, has been now solved by the invention of machiner)-, which, with the aid of certain acids, separates the fiber perfectly and economically. The ramie is n native of India and China, where the work of separating the fiber is done by hand at a cost of S1.50 per ton. The latest p.itentee of a machine for separating the fiber claims that the cost of separating it will not exceed $30 per ton. It is a beautiful and lustrous staple, in strength and brilliancy almost equal to silk; in fact, most of the dress goods made to imitate silk fabrics are made in part of ramie, and its value now in England is .€7.5, or $375 per ton; and it is said that in California 1,200 pounds of this fiber may be jiroduced on one acre. If these anticipations be realized, of which there is now a reasonable hops, the country may anticipate the prosecution of a new, usefnJ and profitable industry. Jute produces a fiber of a coarser quality, but ad- mirably adapted to cordage and bagging, and because of its length and strength, greatly superior to either llax or hemp." .* ^ — List of New Advertisements. .Jewelry for Holidays— Smith & Ryder, San Jose. Toys— Dollar Store, " Niirserj- — Jobn Rock, *• Jewelry — Jackson Lewi?, Lawyer— H. S. Lanipkin, ■* Los Gates Nursery — Sylvester Newhall, " Jewelrv and Holiday Goods— L. Houriet & Co., " Oasis Baths— W. F. Barker, " Holiday Goods— Morton & Co.. " Drug Store — H. Piessnecker, " Farmers' National Gold Bank, " Agricultural Iinpleraents— H. B. ,\lvord, " Flower and Vegetable Garden, J. Vick. Rochester, N. Y. Periodicals — H.irper Brothers, New York. Christian Worker — Cubery & Co., San Francisco. Garden Seeds — J. J. H. Gregory, Mass. Sale of Clydesdale Stallions — T. G. Duncan, McLean, Illinois. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. i > GAL, AGEICULTto'iST PUBLISHIHG 00, S. HARRIS HERRINC, Elitm OFFICE: Over the San Jose Saviii;^s Bank, BalbacU's Builf1in;Xi SanJa C'lara Street, near First, San Jose SPECIAL TEEMS TO AGENTS. KATES or ADVEKTISING. Per one CoUimn $15 00 Per Mouth " Ji.'ilf t.;o!nnin 8 00 " ' " fourth Culumii 4 OO " " '' eighth Columu _. 2 00 " " Bixteenth Cohiuxu 1 00 " '* 0£?" We are determined to adhere to to our resolution to admit none but worthy business advertising in our columns, and to keep cleiir of luitpiit nindiciue, liquor, and other advertisements of doulttlnl intiueuee. The large circulation, the desiral>le class of renders, and the neat and convenient form, rendf rs this Journal a choice medium for reachin-,' the attention of the masses. EDITORIAL NOTES. Our Patrons will please bear in mind that renewals and remittances are now in order and that we, on our part will be pleased to credit the same on their accounts, sending to them recepts for the amount. "We send state- ments of account to many of our subscribers this month. These are not in all cases duns, but are statements of each subscribers stand- ing upon our books, that all may see how they do stand, whether paid up fully or not. Of course we expect, what every honest man will admit to be right, pay for the Jouknal, when our good subscribers feel ready to remit. A few of them are always prompt, many are rather slow, and several are sadly deliuque^it, while occasionally one never intends to pay and after awhile stops the j^aper without pay- ing. The sooner the latter class stop the better for us. But we are always willing to wait a convenient length of time on any well intentioned i)ersoufor his or her subscription. And we are also willing to send to any one wishing to take the Ageigoltdkist on trial, three months free. Every subscriber, old or new that Jiays one year in advance, will be entitled to a premium and it will be credited to his account until he chooses from our list what it shall be. Peas sown before the first rains are some of them in blossom. The frosts of wintf-r will be sure to check that jiroclivity, and although^^they will grow all winter, they will not be likely to bear before March, unless this is an exceijtioual winter. Frosts may soon be expected that will singe tender things generally and stop all lavish growth of green plants till the warm days of February. Country Gentleman is a term that has been applied East to a class of farmers, who having acquired wealth in some business ope- rations, have country seats and farms as well as city residences. In this State, and partic- ularly in Santa Clara valley, quite a number of farmers with their families reside in town a portion of the season— generally during winter months, where the children can have the best educational advantages, and the fam- ily can attend lectures, and enjoy all the ben- efits that an advanced civilizatinn can give. It matters not whether one is rich or jjoor — whether they can own the house tney occupy or not, we rather like the plan. While the boys and girls are attending the institutes, it is perhaps a matter of economy for the fami- ly to live in town. Then in spring and sum- mer all can go back to the farm, and work together for natural education and means, as they did in town for knowledge of books and ideas. We like the idea of the family keep- ing together. The old folks need city advan- tages as well as the young, and it is nice for the father and mother to enter into society with their children, assist them in their stud- ies and sports, and enjoy with them as many piivileges as possible. As civilization pro- gresses we expect to see more of this co-ope- rative country and city life. The old folks and the young rolks need it mutually. We -re glad to learn that there is some redress for the farmer or gardener who is im- posed upon by dealers selling poor seed. There has been much complaint, and with reason, on this coast, that it is almost impos- sible to get good seed from dealers. It should be made to the interest of dealers to sell none but reliable seeds, and a little "justice" might bring them to an appreciation of that fact. The Rural Neio Yorker says : "A decision has just been made in the Court of Common Pleas in New York City which is of great im- portance to seedsmen, farmers and gardeners. In the ease of Van Wyck vs. Allen, Judge Robinson has fixed the rule regulating the damages to which a seedsman is liable for selling inferior seed. He held that the plain- tiff was entitled to as much damages as he might reasonably have expected from the crop of the kind of vegetable the seed of which he supposed he was buying; less, however, the cost of the care and trouble he expended after he discovered the crop was not of the kind he had a right to expect. The Season so far has been a remarkable one. The copious rains of November came di'ibbling along so as to thoroughly saturate the soil without causing floods. Since the grass first started in October, it had grown without hindrance, and in the second week in December is a half-knee high. With a straw stack to run to, cattle will not only live, but on the fresh feed keep in good order all win- ter. The thorough winter soaking of the soil has insured good crops of grain and hay the coming season. There has been no frost at this writing to kill tomato plants or squash vines. Many deciduous trees have not cast their foliage. Tender plants are in blossom and the warm sun after the rains is like spring. Orange Culture is no longer considered an experiment in all the lower valleys of Cal- ifornia, and in the mountains below three thousand feet altitude in many localities the orange will do finely. It is the opinion of many good judges that finer flavored oranges can be grown here than at Los Angeles. Be that as it may, it is certain that orange trees will grow finely here, and the fruit will also compare favorably with the oranges of any other country. The trees are ornamental ev- ergreens, and more attention should be paid to their culture.. Young trees should be shel- tered from frosts. Although the frost is not likely to kill, it will injure them. A good way to shelter them is to stick three or four stakes around them and tie the top ends to- gether, allowing a little space above the tree. Then sacking or straw could be drawn and tied about these stakes, making a sort of wig- wam shelter that would exclude frosts and preserve the foliage and tender tops from in- jury until after the frosty season is over. Large trees do not need such shelter. Cherry Trees in an Apple Orchard-— Mr. Charles Caiue, an old orcharchst, of San Jose, two years ago planted cherry trees among full-grown Newton Pppin apple trees in an orch.ird. The apple trees were standing about eighteen feet apart, close enough one would think, but Mr. Caine planted two-year old, cherry trees between the trees in every row. The result so far is a splendid growth of the cherrj' trees, which are much more stalky and vigorous than those jilanted in open ground. The apple trees bear quite as well as before, and promise to bear as well for years to come. This innovation bids fair to prove a grand success. We have long been in favor of closer planting than most any other party, but Mr. Caine pegs a hole ahead of us in this in- stance. We will watch his experiments and results from year to year. Mr. Caine culti- vates his orchard very thoroughly and feels satisfied that he will reap a double profit from it soon. The Whiskey Frauds that have been un- earthed lately show that our liquor men, who claim that they support the Government by paying licenses and taxes, are quite as cor- rupt as patriotic. They seem to be inspired with some of their own alcoholic spirit^ — the spirit of the Devil. Their business is to get all the money they can without giving in re- turn what is of value to the human race, di- rectly or indirectly. Defrauding the Govern- ment is the least of their sins. It would be cheaper in the end to support them all in lux- ury, without their doing other evil, than to do it, as is now the case, at n double expense — expense of money, and of the moral sense, health, happiness and lives of thousands an- nually. What better can we expect than fraud from a class of men whose avocations are calculated to spread ruin and desolation over the land. Nkak to any great snjiply of manure from livery stables and other city sources, the soil can be compensatetl, and. indeed, be forced to such a degree of fruitfulness, that it is not of the least conseijueuce how frequently crops of the most exhausting characteristics suc- ceed each other. "CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURIST" SUPPLKMKNT. A PARTIAL LIST OF BOOKS ■ OFFERED BY THE CAL. AGRICULTURIST PUB. CO. FOe SULEJNfl IS PREMIUMS TO SUflSCRIBERS FDR THE " CiLIFIilll JEIIIGOLTUIIIST," PUBLISIEil IIT Si JOSE, HL, TEEMS— U. S. gold coin, or its eqniyaleut in ciirrciuy or Postoffice ovilcrs, as iier Catalogue prices. Books to be sent postage paid oa receipt of price. l^ For Prcniiuui rates, see our advertisement on last page of cover. ' PRESERVE THIS SHEET FOR REFERENCE. Agricultural Etc. American Poulterer's Companion. (Bemeut.) Engravings, 8-vo. . . .i?2 00 Trees of America. (J. D. Browne) 8vo 5 50 Europeftn Vineyards. (Flagg.)12mo. 1 50 Hand-Book of Sulphur Cure. (Elagg) paper. I'imo 50 American Husbandry. (Graylord & Tucker ) 2 vols., ISmo 1 50 American Home Garden. (Wat.son.) .Several hundred illustrations. 12mo 2 00 American Fisb Cnllure. (Tluidins Norris) Illustrated. 12mo. . . . 2 00 The Horse in the Stable and Field. (J. H. Walsh, V. R. C. S.) 8vo. . 2 50 Illustrated Book of Domestic Poul- try. Twenty cliromo illustrations (Martin Doyle.) «vo 4 50 A I'armers Vacation in Several Coun- tries. (Geo. E. Warrint:.) Illus- trated, 8vo .3 50 Arcliitectiire of Country Houses. (A. J. Downing.) 8vo G 00 Vegetable World. (Feguier) 12aio. 1^ 50 Prairie Farming, 12mo .50 Fish Breeding- (Fry.) 12mo 125 Healthy Houses. (Eassie.) 12mo. 1 00 Indian Corn. (Entield.) 12mo... 1 00 American Cottage Builder. Illustra- ted. (Bullock.) 8vo 3.50 Parks and Pleasure Grounds (Smith) 12mo 2 50 Farm Bee-Keeping, 12mo .50 Bee-Keepers' Directory. (J. G. Har- bison.) Illustrated, 12mo 2 50 American Bee-Keepers Manual. (T. B. Miner.) Illustrated, 12mo... 1 00 Mvnteries of Bee-Keeping. ^M. Quinby.) 12mo 1 00 Bee Keepers' Manual. (H. Taylor.) KJmo 50 lUustratetl Book of Domestic Poul- try. (M. Doyle.) 12mo 1 50 Food of Animals and Fattening Cat- tle. (R. D. Thompson.) 10 mo.. 100 The Horse Owner. (Geo. Arma- tage. ) lOmo 2 50 The American Stud Book. (G. D. Bruce.) line steel plates, 8vo. .. . 2 50 The Horses of the Shahra. (James Hiitton.j Svo 1 50 The Horse. Eighteen colored plates 8vo 1 75 The Horse Owners' Guide. (Walth- er, F. G. S.) Svo 1 00 The Varieties of Dogs. (C. P. ^ er- jeau.) Illustrated, 2 .50 Dogs and Their Ways. (Chas. Wil- liams. ) lOmo 1 00 Enclyopedia of the Useful Arts. ... 5 00 Cyclopedia of Agriculture. (J. C. Morton.) Illustrated, 2 vols., Svo. S 00 Encyclopedia of Domestic Economy (T. WeL)ster A: INlrs. Parks.) Illus- trated, leather, Svo 2 50 Hand-Book of Husbandry. (Geo. E. Warring. ) Illustrated, moroc- co, 000 j)ages, Svo 3 50 American Husbandry. (Graylortl, Wells .V Tucker.) 2 vols., 2imo. 2 50 Elements pf Agriculture. (Geo. E. Warring, Jr.) 24nio 50 Illustialtd Annual liegister of Ku- ral Ati'airs lor 1870. Paper cover. .30 J. Ross Browns's Works— Illustrated. An American Family in Germany . . 2 00 Adventures in the Apache Country. 2 00 Land of Thor 2 00 Crusoe's Island, with sketches of California and Washoe 1 75 Yusef— Travels in the East 1 75 Educational. General Atlas. (.\ppletou.) verv complete " o 00 Sin gleEntry-Book-Keei)ing (Marsh) Svo 2 00 Health and Education. (Kingsley) 12 mo 1 75 The New Chemistry. (Josiah Cook.) 12 mo 2 00 Guide to Knowledge. (Eliza Bob- bins.) ISmo 1 00 The Culture Demanded by Modern Life, Youman 2 00 Poetical Works. Byron's Complele Poetical Works, i plates, sheep 3 50 Robert Burn's Qomplete Works, sheep, library style 3 50 Beauties of Shakespeare, Bedliue Edition 1 50 Homer's Illiad, Southey 2 00 Cowper's ('omplete Poetical Works, Globe Edition. Illustrated 1 25 Gems from American Poets 1 50 Thomas Hood .- . 1 .50 The Farmer's Boy, Bloorafield. Mo- rocco, 32mo 1 50 Pope's' Poetical Works, Globe Edi- tion 1 25 Bryant's Poems. Illustrated 3 50 Shakespt\ire's Complete Works, Svo 2 50 another edition, Svo 3 75 Pike County Ballads and Other Poems, John Hay 1 50 Will Carelton's Farm Ballads. Illus- trated 2 00 Teunj'son's Poems 1 25 Romance, History, Etc. Children of the Abbey, Bulwer. ... 1 25 Aurosa Leigh, Mrs. Browning. Il- lustrated 3 50 The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne 2 00 The Blithedale Romance, " .... 2 00 What Answer'? Anna Dickinson. .. . 2 00 Adam Bede, George Eliot 1 50 Felix Holt, " " 1 00 The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, O. W. Holmes 1 50 Enoch Ai'den, Tennyson. Illustra- ted 1 50 Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Jules Vernes. Illustrated 3 50 The Tour of thn World in Eighty I )ays, Jules Vernes 1 50 We Girls, Blrs. A. D. T. Illustrated 1 50 Every-Day Cookery. Containing Receipts, Valual)le in t!ookery — Complete (Juide to fearving. Illus- trated, lOmo 1 50 Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress 1 50 Housekeeper and Healthkecper. . . . 1 25 Dicken's Complete Works. 14 vols. 10 00 " " another edition. 8 vols 14 00 Don Quixote. 12mo i 50 The Last of the Barons, Bulwer 8vo 1 00 The Last of the Saxon Kings. Svo. 1 00 Intellectual Development of Europe Dr. John W. Drajier. Svo 5 0() Franklin's Life and Writings. 2 vols. 18mo I :, 1 1 Romance of the Revolution 1 50 Lives of Celebrated Female Sover- 'g"s 1 50 Juvenile Books. Frank the Young Naturalist, Harry Castlemau. Illustrated, lOrao. .. . 1 2.j Frank Among the Rancheros, Harry Castleman. Illustrated, lOmo. . . . 1 25 Tom Newcomb; or, the Boy of Bad Habits. Illustrated, lOnio 1 50 The Gorilla Hunters, M. Ballantyne 16mo 1 Robinson Crusoe. Svo 1 Arabian Nights' Entertainments. 8vo'. 1 ,-„ Stories of History, Agnes Strick- land. Illustrated, Svo , . . . . 1 iT. Idle Hands and Other Stories, "T. S. Arthur. Illustrated, Svo 2 00 Small Beginnings; or, The Way to Get on, H. K. Brown 75 Children's Picture-Book of Birds.. 1 50 " " Quad- rupeds 1 50 " " the Sa- gacity of Animals 1 50 Papas 15ook of Animals — Wild and Tame, C. H. Bispham. Illustrated. 1 50 Popular Tales and Houshold .Stories Grinn Pro's. 200 illustrations '2 50 Aladdin; or, the Wonderful Lamp. Illustrated 2 00 Slovenly Peter. Colored Pictures 2 00 Mother Goo.se. Complete illustrated* edition 65 Birthday Library. 3 vols, in box. . 3 00 Aunt Clara's " C " " " . . 2 70 Big Type " 3 " " '• . . 1 50 Tiny " 4 " " " .. 90 Four Instructive ^Games — Authors, Poets, Mythology and Popular Quotations— in handsome case. 2 00 Practical Drawing Book 2 00 Days of Bruce, Grace Aguilars. 2 vols 2 00 Home Influence, Grace Agilars. .. . 1 00 Mother's Recompense, " .... 1 00 Heir of Red Clvffe " 1 75 CHROMOS. Wo hiive on liaii.i a trw more of the choice Oil Chromos— " Roim-o ami .Iiiliel," "At tlic Well/ "The liii-ds," ami " The Chicks." Those pret'er- iiig Chromos to boctks can have ouu of e'Mier of tlieee on each subscription. £r^ To any little hoy or .i^ii-I wlio will eend » now Hnlmcrii>lion, wc will send both " The Birds'* and "Tlie Chicks," pnslpaid. Our Chihlrena" De pirtmcnl the coming year will be a feature in the AGKiori.Tritisr. California Agriculturist and Live Stock journal. loetn). ^ Autumn of Life- ^^["^LIXG down the faded blossoms of the Spring, Nor clasp the rost b with regretful hftnd; The joy of Summer is a vanished thing; ^- -y- Let it depart, and learn to understand ^GV The gladness of great calm — the Autumn's rest, T* A^ The peace— of human joys the latest and the beat! Ah! I remember how in early days The primrose and the wild-flower grew beside My tangled forest paths, whose devious ways Filled me with joys of mysteries untried, And terror that was more than half delight. And sense of budding life, and longings infinite. And now I remember how, in Life's ho* noon. Around my i)ath the lavish roses shed Color and fragrance, and the air of June Breathed rupture — now these Summer days are fled; Days of sweet peril, when the sepent lay Lurked in every turn of life's enchanted way. The light of Spring, the Summer glow, are o'er, And 1 rejoice in knowing that for me The woodbine and the roses bloom no more. The tender green is gone from field aud tree; Brown barren sprays stand clear against the blue. And leaves fall fast, and let the truthful sunlight through. For me the hooded herbs of Autumn grow. Square-stemmed and sober, mint and sage, Horehound and balm — such plants as healers know; And the decline of life's long pilgrimage Is soft and sweet with marjoram and thyme, Bright with pure evening dew, not serpent's glittering slime . And round my path the aromatic air Breathes health and perfume, and the turfy ground Is soft for weary feet, and smooth and fair With little thomless blossoms that abound In safe dry places, where the mountain side Lies to the setting sun, and no ill beast can hide. What is there to regret ? ^Vhy should I mourn To leave the forest and the marsh behind, Or towards the rank, low meadows sadly turn? Since here another loneliness I find. Safer and not Ites beautiful— and blest With glimpses, faint and far, of the loug-wished-for Rest. And BO I drop the roses from my hand. And let the thorn-priclis heal, and take my way Down hill, across a fair and peaceful land Lapped in the golden calm of dying day ; Glad that the night is near, and glad to know That, rough or smooth the way. I have not far to go. Nature's Nobleman. Away with false fashion, so calm and so chill. Where ])leasure itself cann(.it please; Away witli cold breedings that faithlessly still Aflfects to be quite at its ease; For the deepest in feeling is highest in rank, The freest is first in the band, And nature's own Nobleman, friendly and frank Is a man with his heart in his hand." Feerless in hunesiy, gentle, yet just, He warmly can love, and can hate. Nor will he bow down with his face in the dust To Fashion's intolerant state: For best in good-breeding and highest in rank. Though lowly or poor in' the land. Is nature's own Nobleman, friendly and frank— The man with his heart in his hand. His fashion is passion sincere and intense, His impulses simple and true. 'Tis tempered by judgment and taught by good sense, And cordial with me and with you; For the finest in manners as highest in rank, It is you, man! or you, man, who stand Nature's own Nobleman, friendly and frank— A man with his heart in his hand! Out From the River, Cluse her eyes tenderly, do not despise her— Gone is the spirit for judgment above; She was doetitute— none to advise her, She was so beautiful— true to her love. Homeless and penniless, he who adored her Stricken in youth by the cold hand of death; "one was all comfort the world could aftbrd her; Soon she grew weary, and sickened to death. She was a stranger to shame, but the tempter Plied her pour soul with his subtlest arts, Bravely she conquered— but God will exempt her. Some said that she with dishonor had part. It was false; but the slanders filled her with sadness 1 (uute.l the finger of scorn at her head! She ill wiM agnoy, driven to madness, Rushi'd tn the river: and here she lies dead. Clns. her eyes tenderly, thou who art wiser, PeucefuUy fold the poor hands on her breast- Do nut be merciless, do not despise her. Pity her loneliness— lay her to rest. The Apple Bee. Twenty years and threo! .\h me! Twenty years and three. And there we sit— a basket of apples on my knee; Busy fingers pare and slice, but busy thoughts will go Beak to a happy, blissful time, twenty-three y'rs ago. The scent of the fragi'ant apple, the scraping sound of the knife Take m.ickck o'er a lapse of time to a scene in earlier life: Take me back to a country home, a home I no more may kn"w. Back tu a rustic apple-bee, twenty-three y'rs ago. Back to a farmer's kitchen, in Autumn eventide, The basket of apples ig on my knee, and the dear one at my side; Happy, smiling girls and boys as thick as they can stow. Paring and slicing apples, twenty-three years ago. I live again those golden hours, I see again that happy throng I listen again to the sound of mirth or the loug-for- goten song: Blushing apples and blushing cheeks, like visions come and go. And I steal a glance at those bright eyes, twonty-three years ago. Do you remember, dearest, the words we whispered then? And does the spell of the golden hours come back in dreams again? Do you remember those apple peels we o'er our beads did throw, Anb the letters they made on the sanded floor, twenty- three years ago? I wonder if the boys and girls keep up those gather- ings yet. Those good old-fashioned apple-bees they surely don't forget; I wonder, wife, if our bonny boys will ever, ever know The joys of that rustic apple-bee, twenty-three years ago! Fallen Leaves. The wint-y breeze disrobes the trees And leaves them sad and cheerless, Whose open arms dread no alarms, Like giants hold and fearless. The withering blast comes rushing past And grasps the leaves in cold embrace, Till on the ground their glow is found — Their beauty perished in its place. The Summer flew and Autumn too. Then chilly night and morning Came down amain, with ice. cold rain, And smote them withuut warning. They trembling pass across the grass, Or on the path of gravel, — Making a bed soft to the tread. Where children like to revel. The rustling noise delights the boys, Who are in but life's dawning. While from the trees by slow degrees. Comes signs of death-like warning. Like fiocks of quail, away they sail, A whirring, golden column, Leaving all pale to meet the gale The maples bare and solemn. They pile the gi-ound in heaps around; I hear in walking through them. A wrestling voice, as if they called To one who loved and knew them. —The Hartford Times. Work. BY ALICE CAKY. Down and up, and up and down, Over and over and over; Turn in the little seed, dry and brown- Turn out the bright red clover. Work, and the suii your work will share. And the rain in its time will fall; For nature, she worketh everywhere. And the grace of God through all. With hand on the spade, and hearts in the sky. Dress the ground and till it; Tviru in the little seed, brown and dry; Turn out the golden millet. Work, and your house shall be duly fed; Work, and rest shall be duly won; I hold that a man had better be dead Than alive when his work is done! Down and up, and up and down, On the hill-top, low in the valley; Turn in the little seed, dry and brown. Turn out the rose and lily. Work with a plan, or without a plan. And your ends they shall be shaped true; Work and learn at first-hand like a man — The best way to know is to do, Down and up till life shall close, Ceasing not your praises. Turn in the wild, white Winter snows; Turn out the sweet Spring daisies, Work, and the sun your work will share, And the rain in its timi will fall; For nature, she worketh everywhere. And the grace of God through all.J Song of the Seasons. Gaunt Winter flinging flakes of snow, Deep burdening field and wood and hill; Dim days, dark nights, slow trailing fogs. And bleakened nir severe aad chill. And swift the seasons circling run — And still they change till all is done. Young Spring with promise in her eyes. And fragrant breath from dewy mouth. And magic touches from the nooks Of budding flowers when wind is south. And swift th»^ seasons circling run— And so they chauge till all is done. Then Hummer stands erect and tall. With early sunrise for ihe lawn, Thick foliaged woods und glittering seas, And loud bird chirpings in the dawn. And swift the seasouK circling run — And so they chauge till all is done. Brown Autunm, quiet with ripe fruits, And haggards stacked with harvest gold. And fiery flushes for the leaves, And Hil-nt cloud-skies soft outrolled. And so the eeaeous circling run— And still they change till all is done. Swift speeds our Life from less to more. The child, the man. the work, the re«t, The sobering mind, the ripening soul. Till yonder all is bright and blest. For so the seasons circling run — And swift they chauge till all is done. Yes. yonder— if indeed the orb Of life revolves round central Light, For ever true to central force And steadfast, come the balm or blight. And so indeed the seasons run — And last is best when all is done. 1775-1875. Looking back a hundred years, And comi)ai ing the now and then, It Seems to me that in spite of fears The country has earnest men, As willing to draw the sword lor right, As ready to wield the pen. It seems tome that in faithful hearts The currents yet ebb and flow, With a constant motiofl th:tt still imparts As steady and clear a glow Of zeal for freedom's glorious arts, As a hundred years ago. It seems to me that in field or forge. By river and by rill, In fertile plain and mountain gorge, In city or hamlet, still They live as they did in the days of King George, Of Concord and Bunker Hill. I do not know that the hands are weak. Or the brain unused to plan; That the tongue delays the truth to speak, Or the foot to march in the van; But I know full will that we need not seek In vain for a Minute Man. There are men to-day that would stand alone On the bridge Horatius kept; There are men who would fight at Marathon. Who would battle with Stark of Bennington, "When flashing from sabre and flint-lock gun The fires of Freedom lept. It is well to look back with pride and boast, It is better to look ahead; The past tu all is a dream at most. The future is life instead; And standing unmoved at your duty's post Is truthfully praisiug the dead. The Absurdity of It. It is all very well for the poets to teli. By way of their song adorning, Of milkmaids who rouse to manipulate cows .\t five o'clock in the morning; And of many young mowers who bundle out-doore — The charms of their straw-beds scorning — Before break of ^\uy, tu make love and hay. At five o'clock in the moruine: — But. between you and me, it is all tuitrue— PeliL--ve not a word they utrer: To no milkmaid alive does the finger of five Bring beaux— or even bring butter. The poor sleepy cows, if tu!d to arouse, Wonld do so, perhaps in a homing; But the sweet country girls, would they show their curls At five o'clock in the morning? It may not be wrong for the man in the song — Or the moon— if anxious to settle, To kneel in wet grass, and pop: but, alas! What if he popped on a nettle? For how could he see wha: was under his knee. If, in spite of my friendly warning. He went out of bcil and his house and his head, At five o'clock in the morning? It is all very well for such stories to tell. But if I were a maid, all-forlom-ing. And a lover should drop in the clover, to pop. At five o'clock in the uiomiug. If I liked him. you see, I'd say, "Please call at three;*' If not. I'd turn on bim with scorning; "Don't come here, you flat, with conundrums like that, At five o'clock in the morning!" California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES -BEST VARIETIES FOR PLANTING- In our auuuiil ailvit-e as to the best varieties of fruit trees to plant for a home orchard, and for profit, we find it necessary to repeat the most important parts of previous articles; in fact, we simply revise our former ones, mak- ing such corrections and alterations as the ex- perience of our best orchardists have devel- oped. There may be some good varieties of fruit that we have not included in our list, but certainly we have given none but what are first-rate and well adapted to the peciiliar climate of California. We do not give selec- tions from guess work, nor in the interest of any party, but have taken the most careful pains to be as correct and reliable as possible for the general good of our readers. There is one thing in favor of tree-planters this season — a very important one -and that is the soil is well filled with moisture. This makes it a very favorable season for planting, and one that our farmers should take advau- t.ige of. We have never known a more pvom- ising opportunity for tree-planting, particu- larly on upland or dry farms. For a family orchard, more varieties than for a market or- chard should be selected. A succession of ripening should be chosen from early to late. A few early varieties are enough, as what are not at once consumed will decay. More trees of late sorts should be chosen, for the keeping qualities of late ripening fruits will extend the time for consumption. The best fruits for canning are neither the very earliest nor the latest varieties; and as putting up fruits hermetically has come to be an important' consideration, in addition to drying fruits, more trees of medium ripening kind are re- quired for a complete family orchard than formerly. For a market orchard but few varieties are profitable to cultivate, and they should be grown with a view of commanding the high- est prices; consequently they should be only of the handsomest sorts, and such as will ripen or be ready for market at the season when there is the best demand for them. The locality and effect cf climatic conditions must lie considered in the matter of selecting fruits for market. For instance, at Marysville and Sacramento the very earliest apples, pears, apricots, peaches, cherries and grapes, will bring the best prices in San Francisco, be- cause in these localities they can produce early fruits several weeks ahead of many other portions of the State. At San .Jose, and within the influence of the sea climate, such apples as the Alexander, Maiden's Blush, etc. —Fall apples— are as profitable as any apples that can be grown here. We can get them into market after the run of early apples is over and before the Oregon Winter apples flood the market. Winter apples ar(^ also profitable to cultivate in San .lose. But, owing to the nearness to the sea and the cool climate, San Jose is six weeks behind Marys- ville iu ripening early apples. While the early apples that grow at Marysville are very fine, the Fall and Winter fruits grown there are comparatively inferior. At San Jose suiK'rior apples <^au be produced of any va- riety. Near the bay, currants, gooseberries, strawberries, etc., of superior quality are produced, while in the hotter interior valleys few or none are grown, as they will not do well. So great is the influence of climate on fruits that it is a matter of much importance, and, in connection with the demands and sup- ply of markets, it should be well understood by orchardists. There are special varieties best suited to dry localities. For instance, where the Kam- bo and Wine Sap varieties of apples will dry up so as to be worthless, the Skinner's Seed- ling and Gravenstein will do very well. The Newton Pippin will make a better apple on dry soils than the White Winter Pearmain, but the former falls off badly, while the lat- ter hangs on. The home orchard should be i set where it will be handy to the house, and where it will add beauty to the place. When one makes orcharding a specialty for profit other things should conform to that. Where there is not a natural shelter for an orchard one should be provided by planting trees- evergreens are best — on the two sides from whence prevailing winds blow. Acacia, pep- per trees, and Monterey cypress are perhaps the best to plant in hedge form for shelter. It will certainly pay to provide some break-wind, and even willows are better than nothing. Laying off the orchard, set nearly every- thing at a uniform distance, and not over 16 feet apart where exposed; when well shelt- ered, not over twenty feet aprrt. The experi- ence of our best orchardists is in favor of closer planting than is advised by Eastern orchardists. To make true lines and set trees in perfect line, is much neater than careless planting. As an aid to this, a long wire with marks made by tying on strings securely at regular distances we have found to be an ex- cellent line for staking off an orchard— a twine will stretch too much. Find a base- line for one side of the orchard, then get a true right angle at one end cornering on the first line. Then, by setting the wire by the stakes of either side and running parallel lines, sticking the stakes at each mark on the wire, the rows will come perfectly in line without any squinting or laborious sighting with the eyes. Digging holes for the trees is not such a terrible job as some might think. We would make the holes just deep and broad enough to take the roots at their natural depth with- out cramping. Let the hole be a little the deepest at the edges and highest in the centre, so that the roots will incline a little down as the tree rests upon the bottom of the hole. Be sure that e ich root is laid in a natural po- sition, and that nothing but clean earth is placed in contact with the roots, as manure or trash of any kind induces a mould or fungus growth that is poisonous to the tree. What we said last year as to the matter of planting trees we repeat: There are a great many hobbies that are passing current as coin iu orchard matters that should be exploded, which are yearly repeated by nurserymen and newspapers about digging immense holes and putting trash under trees, etc. Our advice is, don't put any manure or other trash under trees when you plant them. Put no manure or rubbish into the holes about the roots. Plant the tree at about the same depth as it grew, in clean soil, laying the roots in a natural position pointing a little downward. Y'.ni may put all the manure on the surface, after the tree is planted, that you please, but remember, never put manure next to the roots nor under the tree in our dry climate. Tread the soil firmly about the tree so that the winds shall not shake it loose in the soil, particularly where the soil is light. Prepar- ing of the soil for an orchard, we believe it best to plow deep, narrow furrows, and cross- plow and haiTOw, with long teeth, weighted harrows, so as to thoroughly pulverize the soil. At any rate, let the pulverization of the soil be perfect, whether you plow deep or shallow. vour As to the after care and treatment, keep the surface of the soil throughout the orchard loose and light, and free from weeds, all through the season, and especially during Spring and Summer. Never sow gi-ain or grass in the orchard, no matter who advises it. If the laud is naturally moist, or can be irrigated, vegetables may be planted and kept cultivated between the rows; but on dry soil, let the trees have all the advantage of clean, well-pulverized soil, so that they can resist the drouth of Summer and grow rapidly. An or- chard stunted while young can never fully recover. The best preventative against borers is to shade the stem of the trees. This can be best done by winding strips of cloth about the trunk, from the ground up to the limbs. Be sure to cover the base of the tree, as the borers are most likely to attack the tree close to the ground. Another good way is to put two clap-boards on the south and we.st sides. Set them firmly into the ground; they will shade the trunks for years, and prevent borers as well as keep the. bark fresh and healthy. Selecting the trees is a matter of very much importance. Let every tree be of healthy growth and of symmetrical form. Stunted trees, or such as look bad in the nursery, are seldom worth having at any price. FOK A EAMILY OKCHAJSD. Apples— Sfrtj/ — Three Ked Astrachan ; 2 Rod June; '2 White Astrachan; 2 Golden Pip- pin; 3 Skinner's SeetUing, or Maidens' Blush; 1 Gravenstein; 1 e.arly Sweet Bow, for baking. The Golden Pippin is a very tart apple, mak- it desirable for cooking and drying. It does not dry white as some; not so fine for market as for hoiue use. The Gravenstein falls from the tree badly before ripening, but is fine for eating. Skinner's Seedling hangs well to the tree; is an extra eating and cooking apple. Karly n'inkr Applea—Ct Yellow Bellflower; i Johnathan. Laie KeejiiiKi Appk.'i— 10 Yellow Newton Pippins: ;i White Winter Pearmain; 1 Nickerjaek, and 1 late Talman's Sweet. This makes 31 apple trees, all extra good kinds for California. There are other sorts, favor- ites with some. Of course we advise each person to have a treee of his favorite in addi- tion to this list. The apples that dry white, and are iu de mand by the .\ldeu facto.ues for dessieaticm, are Skinner's Seedling, Gravenstein, Smith's Cider, Fall Pippin and Yellow Bellflower. For an apple orchard for profit, where winter California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. apples ripen late, as in Santa Clara county, and keep well, the Newton Pippin is the very best one to jjlant. Some orchardist say the ottly one from one acre to a hundred acres would be the Newton Pippin. Pears — Early and late, as they come in succession — Two Dearborn Seedlings; 1 Mad- aline; 2 Buerre Giii'ord; 5 Bartlett; 1 Sickle; 1 Flemish Beauty; 3 Buerre Hardy; 2 White Doyenner 2 Glout Morceau; 3 Winter Nellis; 2 Easter Buerre. There is no better flavored pear for drying or canning than the Bartlett; but owing to the softness of the core when ripe enough to dry nicely, it will not hold to the fork of a paring machine, and is not so profitable for the drying factorj' as the Flem- ish Beauty, which is round, smooth, easily worked on a machine, and is one of the very nicest drying pears. Swan's Orange and Glout Morceau, are also fine di'yiug pears, ■where machinery is used. The best shipping pears for Eastern markets, are the Winter Nellis and Easter Buerre. At one time the Bartlett and Buerre Hard}- were thought the best, but they do not keep well, and arrive there when Eastern pears are plentiful, while the winter varieties get there in a sound con- dition and at a time when Eastern pears ai-e not brought into competition to lower prices. Quinces — Two Orange variety. Quinces are excelleht baking fruit, and for canning, either alone or with jiears. Plums ■ One Cherry Plum ; 2 Early Golden Drop; 2 Eoyal Hative; 2 Jeflerson; 3 Colum- bia; 6 Green Gage; 5 Ickworth's Imperatrice; 2 Coe's Late Ked. The latter plum will last till Christmas, and is desirable chieflj- for its late keeping qualities. Best for canning- Green Gage. Best i^lums for drying, are Jef- ferson, Washington, Ickworth's Imperatrice, Columbia, Kein Claud de Bavey, CJeueral Hand. Soft, mushy plums are not desirable for drying, but the phim that has a rich flavor, solid pulp and is easily pitted, is a drying plum. The Quackenboss is called the best shipping plum, owing to its beauty and keep- ing qualities. Peaches — One Hale's Early; 1 Early York Serrate; 1 Crawford's Early; 3 Grosse Mignonue; — one of the finest peaches in culti- vation; valuable for canning; 1 Late Admir- able; Crawford's Late; 2 Old Mixou, cling; 2 Lemon, cling. Nectarine — One Hardwick; 1 New White. Prunes — Two Grosse Prune de Agen; 3 Petti Prune de Agen; 2 Felleuburg. The Fellenburg, or German Prune is the best di'yiug prune, and is coming into high favor on that account very fast. It pits naiuraUy; is high flavored, with firm flesh. The Petti Prune de Agen stands second, but is rich and fine, though small. The Grosse Prune de Agen is best for shipping, owing to its beauty, size and solidity. It adheres to the pit too tenaciously to be a favorite for drying. Apeicots — Two Early Golden; 2 Moore- park. Nice for cooking, canning and drying, as well as for eating. Cherries — Two each of Governor Wood, .' Black Eagle, Black Tartarean, Black Arabian, I Coe's Transparent, Kentish or Pie, Cleveland n Biggareau, Napoleon Biggareau. The Black Tartarean. is the most profitable market cher- ry, owing to the regular and good bearing quality of the trees, and to the solidity and carrying quality of the fruit, which will not discolor when bruised, and is large, handsome and of fine flavor. There is no better can- ning fruit than the cherry, also good dried. Mulberries — Black and Downiug's ever- bearing— trees ornamental us well as good for fruit. Figs— Take a variety. The Black Bruns- wick, White Smyrna and Brown Turkey are as good as any. Oranges — Don't fail to plant out several for fruit and ornament. The Navil, St. Michael and Sicily are leading grafted sorts. Lemon and Citron — One of each sort, at least. Walnuts — Half-dozen each of English, American Black, and Pecan. Chestnuts — Half-a-dozen trees, including American, Italian and Spanish. Almonds— Six Lauguedoc, 3 King's Paper Shell. Mespulas — Two trees. Olive — Two trees. This selection will make a respectable or- chard for any farmer for family use. Persons living in the hot interior valleys should con- sult orchardists there as to what particular early varieties are most profitable for early market. For a family orchard the varieties we 'have mentioned are very choice and suc- ceed each other admirably. Grapes— Two vines each of White Sweet- water, Isabella and Catawba for a trellis, 10 Rose Peru, 10 Flame Tokay, 50 White Muscat of Alexandria, 10 Black Hamburg, 10 Black Malvoise, 10 Black Morocco. The White Muscat of Alexandria is the very best raisin grape. Any family cau make their own rai- sins nicely and send some to market. The best shipping grapes are White Muscat of Alexandria, Flame Tokay and Rose Peru, so far as tried for profit. For canning, high- flavored graiies are best. Berries— Blackberries— 50 Lawton, 50 Kit- tertinny; 25 Easpberries; 25 Houghton Seed- ling Gooseberries; 25 Cherry Currants; of Strawberries the Lougsworth Prolific and Jo- cunda prove the best. Distance of Planting Small Fruits. — For conveuic-nce of cultivating and economy of gi-ound we advise setting the berries at one end of the grape patch in rows the same dis- tance apart. Plant. Grapes 8x8 feet; the Blackberries about 8x3 feet; the Gooseberries and Currants 8x3 feet; the Easpberries 8x3 feet; Ehubarb 8x-l feet. The rows can be all 8 feet apart one way for convenience in cultivating, which is handier than odd distances. Plant Strawberries, Asparagus, etc., in beds or in rows two feet apart, as is most conven- ient. The Grangers are circulating a petition praying the next Legislature to pass a bill, " fixing the rate of attorneys' and lawyers' fees where no special contract is made." — Sacramento Bee. Not less than §300,000 worth of oysters will be sold from the Shoalwater Bay beds this season, the gathering and moving of them forming one of the chief industries of Wash- ington Territon'. TARLETON OECHAED CULTIVATOR The best implement for working up weeds in an orchard is probably the one invented and used by Mr. G. W. Tarleton in his fine orchard near San Jose. The wood-work con- sists of three beams placed parallel about Ifi to 18 inches apart and strongly connected by braces, and the handles similar to common cultivator handles. To each of these beams is attached, by standards 14 inches long, a double- winged hoe, made of 2^ inch sjjring steel, ^^^th a point similar to a plow-i>oiut, the point pitching down a little to hold stead- ily to the ground when working. The wings are 18 inches long, level on the edge, not flit but slanting downward some 25 degi-ees, to give the weeds, when cut off, an upward send. The ends of the wings are 21 inches apart, which spread gives about the same an- gle to each share as a common plowshare has. In front of each hoe is attached to each beam by the common half-circles, a common eight, inch plow wheel, to grade and regulate the depth of each hoe, so the cultivator re.sts on the three wheels. Mr. Tarleton grades his to cut two inches deep only. The implement is not calculated to cut over three inches deep, and will not stand deep running, although made of best spring steel to give elasticity and strength to the shares or flanges. We saw this cultivat- or in use, and it works exactly as desired. Mr. Tarleton does not cultivate his orchard ever more than two to two and one-half inches deep, but cuts every weed out clean. Two horses will run this cultivator with ease in wet soil, and in dry, light soil one horse is enough. After going over the ground with this and cross culti\ating, a harrow is used to finish the work. In dry weather and when the soil is not wet by irrigation the weeds are all destroyed by the cultivator, so that the harrowing afterwards is disjiiensed with. We have taken some pains to describe this implement, as it has been in use for some years and has been adoi^ted by several of our best orchardists, and is universally pronounced to be the very best thing for the purpose ever gotten up. We did not enquire the cost, but any one at a distance wanting one cau have it made to order by dropping us a line, in the best man> ner and at the lowest cost. Farming at the South. — In calling atten- tion to a meeting of farmers at Petersburg on Tuesday of this week, the Eichmond Wliig takes occasion to say : "The cause of agricul- ture is receiving accessions of energy and ambition everv day in Virginia. Some of the best intellects of the State are turning to it with more exclusive devotion now than has ever been the case before. The Granges are great ad.juncts to the agencies that are work- ing for its advancement. The mental, as well as physical labor of the farmer is in process of being better systematized. The tillers of the soil are beginning to take the touch of elbow among themselves more than they ever did. They are organizing more closely and conferring more frequently and more freelv. These are cheering signs for the old State, and it brightens and heightens the hopes in our hearts to see them." And what the Whig says of Old Virginia, may be said of most of the Southern States. It is the "touch of the elbow" that does the business. — Prairie Farmer. ■^^^v.,r California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. (5om!5ir0mUttte» [For the Camfoiinia AtiiacuLTCRlsr.) A CHRISTMAS STORY, FOUNDED ON TRUTH. BY NELL TAN. ?,^I*KT was CHRISTMAS EVE IN Minnesota. The snow-eovered Jd earth reflected the pale inoon- Is'^liiSf '^^"i^>*' while the merry tinkle 1 '^ijj,®^ of passing sleigh-bells fell cheeriugly on the ear ut intervals. A gronp of young people were gathered around the blazing hearthstone- in sood Aunt Myra's sitting-room, engaged in telling sto- ries. Beside the chimney hung stockings of various sizes; for what is Christmas to the wee ones without " Santa Clans " and stock- ings for him to fill. Glance at the group sitting there in the firelight, with their shadows thrown upon the white ceiling: A bright-eyed, fair-haired boy lounged on the rug, with one arm around his favorite — a black-and-tan terrier — and his oth- er resting on the shoulder of black-eyed Georgie, his cousin from California, who had come to pass the winter at Aunt Myra's. She was a tall, rosy-cheeked gypsy, with hair like a raven's wing clustering about a broad, in- tellectual brow. Her teeth were like pearls, and her full, cherry-like lijjs were ever ready to kiss or laugh, as the occasion offered. Laura and Fanny came next — the one, a roguish, brown-eyed puss, and the other state- ly and reserved, her cold grey eyes and queenly brow demanding homage from all by her apparent intellectual superiority. Jenny was there, a little fairy, sitting on a footstool at Aunt Myra's feet with her head in her lap, looking from one to the other and calling for more stories in every lull iu the conversatitrn. It was Georgie's turn, they all said, as Aunt Myra stirred the fire and tossed on another log. " Yes, Georgie's turn," said Will, snap- ping his thumb and finger in the direction of his cousin; "come now, tell us something stunning about California lire." " Oh, jes!" exclaimed the others, in concert. Glancing from her comjiauions to her aunt she said: " I cannot think of a good story, suitable for the occasion, but I can give you a bit of personal experience that hapi)ened to me when I was a child; for now, you know, I'm before dawn and down to our stockings. Oh, what merry times we bad looking at the pretty things funny Santa Claus had brought. After Auntie came dowu w'e were taken into the parlor, aud there, in the centre of the room stood the loveliest Christmas-tree I ever saw or eiiali ex- pect to see again It was all decked out with strings of pop-corn, with fancy horas-of- plenty tilted with candy, and every conceivable toy and gift suspended from or resting on the branches. Tmy flags were mixed in aud gilded balls. O, you nev- er dreamed of a prettier sight. Our presents weie all labeled, so that it was an easy tasK to distribute them, and Tom in a bran new suit, with cap to match, looked most woudeifid to my young eyes. Soon after breakfast, when the sun slumeout Warm, a walk was projiosed by .^Iaster Tom, who offered to take Rood care of Fieddy, who was just able to walk nicely. Jlamnia aud Aunt Eleanor willingly assented, and dressed out in our very best we stepped ofi* quite h(,ppily. I shall never forget that walk as long as 1 live; for what do you tliink? when we were walkiiii.^ over the same piece of road where I had passed when I lost the gold-piece there was a deal of mud, so Tom, like a careful boy, lifted Freddy over it. and glancing down, iu a wiieel-track he espied something shining which he picked up, aud there it was — the lost twenty-dolho' piece! Six mtmths it had lain concealed beneath the dust, to he a surprise to us on Christmas day! Haf^t enmg home as fast as our feet would carry us, we related the circumstance to the astonished groii['. Mamma had never heard of the losing of the mot: ey, and Wits the more amazed to think of its heii?- lost and found withinit her knowledge. " How we danced and sung and made merry be- cause the lost was found; and what had hung like a cloud over my childhood's vision of clear .lesya mine Cottage was now removed, and Aunt Elean- or's double eagle laid coaie back to her. What did she do with it? Why, she bad it changed into tw" ten-dollar gold-pieces and gave one to Mamma for briugins; me over lo be the means of lindiiig the lost treasure. "My story is done; for our Christmas day will soon he here, and if i* be as happy as the one we spent that year, some of you may make a yam to amuse another group some futuie Christmas eve." A F.isHio.\'ABLE Kecii'E.— Take a young lady, turn her once iu a breadth of satin, twice fn a gauze scarf aud three times iu a pufif oi tulle; add twenty yards of flowery garlands wherewith to season the whole. The dish i- then trussed up, but has not yet suflicicnt dressing. Something heavy, in the shape of ft train is needed. It may be made of mate- lassee with raised flowers, or of brocade. Skewer it on well behind, aud garnish with gauze butterflies, lace birds or gilt beetles. Keep very warm at the Ijase and very cool at the top. Kemove the dressing as much as possible from the upper part anil pile it on below. Season with diamonds and serve tip warm, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, FROM SAN BENITO COUNTY. Peach Tkee, San Benito Co., | November, 1875. \ Deak AoRicrLTUEisT: Noticing your varied correspondence, I tboutjlit a letter from this out of the way place might not be amiss. This is most exclusively a stock country; being so far from market that grain, etc., could not be transported for what it would bring in the market of the world, even if raised. Cattle, hogs, dairy products and poultry form the staples here. Barley is SJj cents a pound; wheat is hard to get at any price; hay is evidently plenty, notwithstanding the dry season. Hogs are made quite a speciality of. We have talked with several men who have had experience, and they all consider the berkshires the most paying hogs; because they are so much more hardy than the Essex, and the meat commands a higher price when cured. Such a thing as an orchard is almost un- known np this far in the mountains. There is but one in Peach Tree, and that is a small one. About twenty-five miles toward HoUister, here in a steep-sided canon, near San Benito, is a grist mill, belonging to Gough & AVagner. It is doing a good business in gi-inding feed and flour; the latter, good in quality, as we can testify from experience. Mr. Gough has a cosy little place, about a quarter of a mile above his mill, where he raises all kinds of vegetables, and has a small orchard, which will soon be in bearing; also, about four acres of alfalfa, which corroborates all that has been said in praise of it. He has cut, we understand, twenty-five tons of hay, and pastured twenty-five head of cattle on it since July, and still it presents an appearance of good feed. Altogether, Mr. Gough's place seems like an oasis in the desert. .About twelve miles north of here is the Bitter "Water valley, and the water is charac- teristic of the name, for it is as bitter as mod- ified gall, owing to the presence of peculiar salts, which render it purgative in character. A. gentleman here, showed me a piece of rock composed of shells and sandstone. This for- mation is very plenty here, forming quite a feature in the geology of the country. He found several pieces of fossil bones, which he sent to the State Normal School; but has not learned as yet to what ancient monster they might have belonged. Society here is rather mixed. "Men of every uatiun; Birds of ever.v f'-atlier, Oa a common level," associate and fraternise much more freely than one would suppose possible, from the diversity of tongues spoken. It seems to be no disgrace to get drunk, especially among the Spaniards and Mexicans. Ihe state of the Temperance question is well illustrated by the following anecdote. An old Mexican lady was describing a fandango, and in particular the supper, said she; "have cake, have pie. have chicken, and (with spec- ial accentl hetYe piaiaty whisk-y." F. G. Letter from Lompoc Temperance Colony. Editor Ageiculttkist and Live Stock JouENAi: I have had several proofs that the Ageicultueist is a good paper to carry around news. Since my last letter from this place, inquir- ies come from all round the country, asking further information. A gentleman who takes a prominent part in advancing all good causes here, gives me this extract from a letter re- cently received from Silver City, Idaho. "Seeing an account of the Lompoc Tem- perance Colony in that excellent paper the AoKictrLTnBiST, I take the liberty of asking you a little more about it, " etc. The writer j never dreamt of seeing his own words re- I peated in your columns, no doubt. But I feel that you and your subscribers are entitled to the encouragement the}' incidentally con- tain. I have only time to add that our laud is selling off so rapidly and the valley filling up so fast, that another Temperance Colony is projected from a neighboring ranch or two. If the plan succeeds, it will help us much. We shall soon know, and your advertising columns no doubt will give "full information to the many families that it will accommodate and prove attactive to. I like this coloniz- ing on the temperance plan. It has so far successfully kept out the sale of whisky in our valley. People see we mean it, and value the exemption from the curse and expense of tippling and intemperance. We have had a fine rain for a starter. Weath- er just lovely; health excellent; everyboby preparing to put in large crops of potatoes, beans, corn, pumpkins, beets, barley, wheat, etc., as possible, and some orchards and al- falfa. All feel sanguine. Yours trulv, J. P. Eoss. Deep Plowing. The question of diep and shallov: plowing is one, which though often discussed, seems to be an unsettled one in the minds of a large number of farmers. Perhaps a farmer of twenty years experi- ence in England and California may be per- mitted to express an opinion on this question based on careful and repeated exijeriments. I am persuaded that the first principle in agriculture is deep plowing, but circumstances must determine when to plow deep. The philosophy of deep plowing may be briefly stated thus : It furnishes a large amount of porous soil, whose absorbent qualities capacitate it for drawing moisture from below and drawing in the plentiful showers from above. Where deep plowing and thorough cultiva- tion go together, the finely commixed condi- tion of the soil, makes it more receptive of the influences of sun, air and moisture, and more retentive of each — as well as becoming a mass of the most assimilable food for plants. The mineral elements of the soil being found largely in the subsoil, cannot be brought into acquisition but by deep ploirinq, which disintegrating that hard mass, and freeing its elements, presents them for oxygenation, and by the free circulation of air, decomposes, pulverises and makes assimilable. As the wheat crop depends largely on the mineral constituents of the soil, other cii'- cumstances being favorable, deep plowing is essential to the supply of its necessary food. The wheat plant is provided with a long lap root, which on deeply plowed land often reaches to the depth of twelve inches or more. Barley sends out its roots more latterally and will thrive better with shallow plowing, than wheat or oats. It does better after root crops and on light or shallow soils, matunng earlier, and is more remunerative in a dry season than wheat or oats. The conditions of success in deep plowing, are earliness, and thoroughness of after culti- vation. In California if done as late as January, it had better not be done at all as a rule, as there is no time to weather the furrows, or break it up into a fine assimilable shape. In this condition it is neither ahsorbatice nor retentive of moisture; and wheat may as well be sown among stones. Much of the prejudice against deep plow- ing in California arises from the difficulty of securing such a mecftani&il condition of the soil — such a fine tilth as promotes such com- pactness as the wheat plant demands. To ensure success, the land should not be plowed during heavy rains nor too early after them, but if the condition of the soil warrants it, as early in November as possible. If practicable, sowing should not take place before nor much after the first week in Feb- ruary. A. cultivator should then be used as well as a harrow, and if the weather will admit, the last operation before seeding should be followed with a good roller, the seed-drill following after, and finishing off with the harrow. Such cultivation, other things being equal, will insure a good crop. As supplementary to the above, when the crop is about four inches high and the sur- face dry enough, roll down with a heavy roll- er, which accomplishes the thing— consolida- ting the soil, assisting the plant to start out, and producing an even surface for the reaper at harvest-time. Our old correspondent, J. B. Rumford, formerly of Piano, Tulare county, has moved to Kern Island, and reports to us that he has found an excellent locality for all kinds of vegetation. He says that land seeded to al- falfa will yield immensely, and will pay 18 per cent, or $100 per acre, auuually above ex- • penses. Corn and vegetables grow without irrigation. .\ud there is no more sickness from ague than along the Sacramento or San Joaquin rivers. We expect a long letter from Mr. Rumford soon. FLECKS OR SCUDS IN BUTTER.- aUERY. -A Ed. Ageicctltobist and Live Stock Jouk- nal: — Can you, or any of your dairyman readers, inform me what the scuds in butter are? I have come to the conclusion that they are nothing but cream, while a great many think that they are sour milk. However, I would like your ideas on the subject. Enquibee. We have often noticed these "scuds," as our correspondent calls them, in butter, and in our experience in dairying have noticed that sometimes they have been composed of particles of cream — tough cream that had been exposed too long and had become flecked with a sort of mould which caused the parti- cles to adhere, and prevented the globules from separating and coming together as but- ter as soon as the good cream, free from such tough mould. We have also known mould to form a sort of membraneous substance, like tough skin, on or under cream that has stood too long or been exposed in a tainted atmos- phere. These, like pieces of thin cuticle, would remain in the butter. The remedy is to have a clean dairy-room, thoroughly scald the pans, etc., and not allow the cream to stand too long before or after skimming. We give this as simply our own observation, and ask our dairy subscribers to send in their ideas on this subject, that we may compare notes and amve at the true solution. To know how to keep a tidy house and well aired apartments, to know how to select the best kinds of food, to know how to prepare them in the best manner — these are first things, and every daughter should learn them before marriage. i California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. International Exhibition of Live-Stock at Philadelphia, 1876. 'TpIEST.— The LiTe-Stock display at the jIT International Exhibition will be held fTW within the months o£ Sejiteuiber and %& October, 187G; the peiiods devoted to each class and familj' being iifteen days, and the division as follows: Horses, nrnles and asses, from September 1st to 15th. Horned cattle (varieties), from September 20th to October 5th. Sheep, swine, goats and dogs, from October 10th to 25th. Poultry will be exhibited from October 28th to November 10th. 2. Animals to be elgible for admission to the International Exhibition mnst be, with the excejition of trotti:ig stock, walking hor- ses, matched teams, fat and draught cattle, of such jiedigree that the exhibitor can furnish satisfactory evidence to the Chief of Bureau, that: — As applied to thorough-bred horses, as far back as the fifth generation of ancestors on both sides, they are of pure blood, and of the same identical breed. As to short-horned cattle, they are registered in either Allen's, Alexander's, or the English Herd books. As to Holsteius, Herefords, Ayrshires, Devons' Guernseys, Britainys, Kerrys, and other pure breeds, they are either imported or de- scended from imported animals on both sides. As to Jerseys, that they are entered iu the Herd Register of the American Jersey Cattle Club, or iu that of the lloyal Agricultural Society of Jersey. As to sheep and swine, they are imported ordescended from imported animals, and, that the home-bred shall be of pure blood as far back as the fifth generation. 3. The term breed, as used, is intended to com- prehend all family divisions, where the dis- tinction in form and character dates back through years of separtion; for instance, it is held that the progeny of a pure-blood Jersey and a pure blood Guernsey is not a thorough- bred, but a cross-bred animal, and as such, is necessarily excluded. 4. In awarding prizes to animals of pure blood, the Judges will take into consideration chietiy the relative merits as to the power of transmission of their valu- able qualities; a cardinal object of the exhi- bition being to promote improvement inbreed- ing stock. 5. In case of doubt relative to the age of an animal, satisfactory proof must be furnished, or the animal will be subject to examination by a veterinary surgeon; and should the state of deuitiou indicate that the age has not been correctly stated, the person so entering as an exhibitor will be prohibited from exhibiting in any class. 0. The forms of classilicatiou for awards, as given under each head, are intended (excejitiug in the case of trotting stock, walking horses, match- ed teams, fat and draught cattle) to ap])ly to any of the animals of pun^ breed that are en- tered for competition. 7. The Exhibition being open to the world, it is of the lirst im- liortance that the best of their kind only be brought forward, as the character of the stock will l;e judged by the average of those exhi- bited. 8. Exhiliitors will be expected to furnish their own atteiulauls, on whom all the re.si)onsibility of the care of feeding, watering and dialling the animals, and also of cleaning stalls, will rest. '.'. Eorage and gram will be furnished at cost prices, at depots conveniently located within the grounds. Water can be had at all hours, ample facilities being provided for its conveyance and distri- bution throughout the stock-yards. 10, Ex- hibitors must supply all harness, saddlery, vehicles and other appointments, and all such must be kept in their own places. 11. The Commission will erect ample accommodation for the exhibition and protection ot live-stock, yet contributors who may desire to make sjjecial arrangements for the display of their stock, will be afi'orded facilities at their own cost. Fractious animals, whether Stallions, mares with foals, oi bulls, will be jirovided with stalls of desirable character. 12. All stalls will be regularly and distinctly number- ed; corresponding numbers on labels of uni- form character will be given to each exhibitor, and no animal will be allowed to pass from its stall without its proper number attached. 13. Numbers alone will distinguish stock in the show-yards, preceding the awards of prizes. 14. The Judges of live-stock will make examination of all animals on opening day of each serial show, and will for that day have exclusive entrance to the show-yard. 15. No premium will be awarded au in- ferior animal, though there be no competi- tion. 10. All animals will be under the supervision of a veterniary surgeon, who will examine them before admission, to guard against infection, and who will also make a daily inspection and report. In case of sick- ness the animal will be removed to a suitable enclosure especially prepared for its comfort and medical treatment. 17. When animals ! are taken sick, the exhibitors may either direct } the treatment themselves, or allow the veteri- nary surgeon appointed by the Commission to j treat the case. In this latter event the exhi- i bitor will be charged for all the expenses in- curred. All possible care will be taken of animals exhibited, but the Commission cannot be held responsible for any injury or accident. IS. A ring will be provided for the disjilay of and exercise of horses and cattle. 19. On the last day of each serial show, a public auc- tion may be held of such animals as the exhi- bitor may desire to sell. Animals may be sold at private sale any time during their ex- hibition. During the period of a serial show no animal, even iu the event of being sold, will be allowed to be definitely removed. 20. An official catalogue of the animals exhibited will be published. 21. Exhibitors of thor- ough-bred animals must, at the time of mak- ing their entries, file with the Chief of the Bureau a statement as to their pedigree, affirmed or sworn to before an officer author- ized to take affidavits, and the papers so filed shall be furnished to the Jury of Experts. 22. The ages of live-stock must be calculated up to the opening day of the exhibition of the class to which they belong. 23. Sheep breeders desiring to exhibit wool, the produce of the flocks, will display not less than five fleeces. 24. All animals must be entered according to the prescribed rules as given in forms of entry, which forms will be -furnished on application to the Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture. Beedixu HoiiSKs. — Hares entered as breed- ing animals must have had foals within one year of the show, or if in the foal, certificate must be furnished to that efl'ect. All foals exhibited must be the offspring of the mare with which they are at foot. Awards will be made to respective breeds for: — Purebred turf stallion, six years and over. Pure bred turf stallion, four years and under six years. Pure bred turf stalliounds each, and that they each consume at least from ten to twenty pounds of fish daily, it will be readily seen that the quantity caught at the entrance of the harbor and in the Bay of San Francisco by fishermen, is small in j proportion to that consumed by these animals. | If allowed to increase at the same rate for a ' few more years, it will be difficut for either .shad or salmon to escape them while entering 1 our bay. The fishermen at Vallejo and Rio Vista report that they find many of the sal- ' mon to have been torn by the teeth of these animals. They appear now to have no use- , ful purpose other than to gratify the curiosity of strangers, and we believe it would be well if the law which now protects them was re- pealed and nine-tenths of them allowed to be shot, that their iiil might be utilized in the lubrication of machinery. We would recom- mend that this law be repealed, and, if ne- cessary, again re-enacted after nine-tenths of them had been destroyed. THE STATE APPROPRIATION. The Commissioners believe that if the Leg- islature, instead of giving them a mere pit- tance of $2,. 500 a year, were to make an ap- propriation of $6,000 or $10,000 a year, so many salmon could be hatched and deposited in the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers that after three years the fish would be so numerous that they would compel the erection of extensive canning establishments on those rivers, as there are now on the Columbia. In conclusion the Commissioners say ; The ob- servations we have made upon the food fish of our rivei-s, and the statistics we have gath- ered from various sources for the information of those who are interested in the science of fish culture, have involved a large amount of labor, which, on the part of your Commis- sioners, has been altogether gratuitous. A liberal appropriation by the Legislature will enable us to extend our operations and carry out to completion the objects for which this Commission was created. We feel that the work we are engaged in, and in the iiromo- tion of which we are willing to devote our time and labor in the future, is deserving of a more liberal support from the State than it has hitherto received. eminent fish-culturist, established his fii-st salmon-breeding camp on the McCloud river, away in the north of California. The pictur- esque river so swamed with salmon that from his tent-door he could see them jumping "at the rate of a thousand an hour!" His inten- tion was to erect a hatching-house and then forward the eggs to the Northern, Middle and Eastern States. At first the Indians were troublesome and showed their dislike of the intention in several unpleasant ways; but finding that they lost nothing and gained much by the establishment, they in time be- came Mr. Stone's most valuable assistants. The upshot of his venture was that on the 26th of August, 1873, he took from the cap- tured fish twenty-three thousand eggs: and by the 22d of September he had secured more than two millions. Of this number, we learn from the last or seventh annual report of the operations of the Commissioners of Fisheries for 1874, over a million and a quarter reached New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michi- gan, New- Hampshire, Connecticut, Maine and Utah alive. The consignees were the Fish Commifsioners of those States, to the rivers of which they were in due time trans- ferred. The mode of packing the spawn was to place them in moss contained in boxes two feet square by a foot in depth, the covers were firmly screwed down, and so they were sent off on their perilous journey of three thous- and miles. In addition to the Commissiouers of Fish- eries, there has been established in New York a very important body entitled the "American Fish Culturists' Association." The object of the Association is, by the transportation of ova, to advance the fish interests of the vari- ous States. To California this has meant the gain to her waters of the shad (which stand at the head of the herring family) and the lobster; whilst from California nearly all the other States of the Union have been supplied with a market dainty at a reasonable price, the salmon, to wit: From our teeming rivers the waters of the other States have been stocked with the ova of this splendid fish, and now there is not a city on the Atlantic board but has its season of fresh California salmon. California Piscicultoue.- Summer of 1873 Mr. Living -Early ;toii Stc the the Fish foe the Centennial. — Since the ap- propriation by Sweden of $100,000 for the sole purpose of exhibiting the fish of its wa- ters at the Centennial, the zeal of the Ignited States Commissioners in that direction, in the interest of their own country, has gi-eatly in- creased. Professor Bayard, of the Smith- sonian Institute, is at present engaged at Wood's Hole. Mass., in making an exact counteriDart in plaster of Paris of every spe- cies of fish that swims contiguous to the United States. A mould of the fish is first taken, afterward the copy is painted directly from the originals. Mr. Eugene Blackford has at present at Fulton Market three speci- mens of this work, which were sent him as a compliment by Prof. Bainl. who has received from Mr. Blackford 300 diflerent species of fish for the advancement of science, at the Institute which he represents. — American Grocer. A BUSINESS man's advertisement, in his own language, over his own signature, and for which he is plainly responsible, is in the na- ture of an oilicial document, and receives more considerate attention than a putt' in ths local cohimii, ami is both more valuable and respectable. There is an air about the re- sponsible advertisement which says: " I want to trade, and \\ill give you a fair bargain." The putt' insinuates that there is no responsi- bility ill the ma'ter. A TRHK journalist aspires to uplift his neigh- bors, to encourage the ]uirsuit of good and to check all that inclines in an opposite direc- tion; and the natural disposition to evil is so strongly developed in man, that ordinarily lie finds himself engaged in hostilities in which there is but little lull. California Agriculturi^i AND Li\E Stock Journal. i£^chi(atianIS star of fate, to eoiniiion eyee, Seemed very email aud dim; And few the augel visitants That sung the natal hymn! But in that little feeble frame Was lit a fire divine; Destined to burn its bright way out, To all the world a sign! "Self-madel" No land to build upon, Except the rock of trust! No helpers, save one's own brave hands And will, that cry "We musti" Proud energy in every limb, And in truth every glance Of eyes that straightway seek your own. As warriors throw the lance! Nature (dear mother) waxes kind To children all her own: And often gives them wealth of blood Add wondrous nerve and bone! No pampering dries their sinews up. No foolish, needless care Relaxes muscles that are made Life's burdens well to bear! "Self-made!" The world has need of such To plow her mighty seas! To drive her commerce and her trade. And catch each prospering breeze! As years gone by such noble souls Have worked, nor worked in vain, That "knowledge might run to and fro The earth." an endless chain! Do Agricultural Colleges Make Farm- ers? It has often been asserted bj- those who are opposed to Agricultural Colleges, and espec- ially those who object to having any State money expended in this direction, that the colleges do not turn out farmers— that a col- lege course tends rather to turn the graduate from, than towards the farm, when his stud- ies are finished. In his address before the Legislature, Presi- dent Abbot, of the Michigan Agricultural Col- lege, alluding tu this oft-repeated assertion, makes the following statement regarding the policy pursued at the institution and the re- sults attained thus far: "It has been the design, says the Presi- dent, of those who manage the Agricultural College, to create a bias towards, and not away from the farm ; to make the whole at- mosphere of the place one of respect for all kmds of work, and a feeling of fellowship toward farmers. To this end manual labor is insisted on from all, if we can speak of insist- ing on what students ofter in excess of our requirements. To this end there is no fur- nishing of easier or more tasteful work to the seniors than is given to other students; the habit of work aud taste for it is kept up to the end. To this same end the labor system and the instruction are planned to m;itch each other, to illustrate each other, so th;it to the labor is given to some of the dignity of scien- . tific work, and to the scientific instruction labor serves as a kind of laboratorv practice for instruction. The result of these efforts to create a truly apcultural school, appears in the fact that in place of V,4 per cent, of graduates going to , farming, as from other colleges, 38 per cent., or not counting those not living and those who are still students, 42 per cent, have gone to farming, fruit raising, and the nu°serv business as their chief or only business. In this respect the college is doing what has never been done before— sending men with good education in fair proportion back to work farms.— :\c(c Enqhmd Farmer. Agricultural Colleges in France. Considerable attention has been drawn of late to the various agricultural colleges in this country, and the comparatively small per- centage of pupils in them who devote them- selves after graduation to agricultural pur- suits. The utility of institutions which do not really foster the industry in whose behalf they are established has been questioned, with some reason, and a discussion has arisen in consequence which is likely to bring out the defects in the institutions 'we have, and possibly make them generally useful. As bearing upon this subject, certain statistics have been published relating to the agricul- tural colleges or "farm-schools" of France, with a \-iew to showing that the difficulty complained of is not eontiued to this country. There are in France 33 farm-schools, with 862 pupils and 9,317 graduates. Of these gradu- ates 2,992 have become farmers, owners and cultivators, or renters of farms; 845 have be- comef gardeners, market gardeners or florists; 46 have become drainers, irrigators or makers of drain-tiles; 841 farm laborers, cow-herds or rig-feeders; 5 land-surveyors; 16 foresters and game-preservers; 29 agricultural account- ants; 39 merchants in grain, wine or fertil- izers; 38 farm directors; 1-5 veterinary sur- geons; 19 students in agricultural coUeges, and 104 belong to other employments con- nected with agriculture. From these figures it aijpears that about 44 per cent, of the pupils engage in what may fairly be termed agricultural pursuits. Although this propor- tion may seem much smaller than desirable, there is only one college in this country, that in Slichigan, which makes an equally" favor- able exhibit. — Ex. Influence of Newspapers. The Boston Traveler states that a school teacher who had the benefit of a long practice of his iJi-ofession, and had watched closely the influence of a newspaper upon the minds of a family of children, gives as a result of his observation that, without exeei^tion, those scholars of both sexes and all ages who hare access to newspapers at home, when com- pared with those who have not, are : 1st. Better readers, excelling in pronuncia- tion, aud consequently read more under- staudingly. 2d. They are better spellers aud define with ease and accuracy. 3d. They obtain a partial knowledge of geography in almost half the time it requires others, as the newspaper has made them familiar with the location of important places aud nations, their governments and their do- ings. 4th. They are better grammarians, for having become familiar with every Vixriety of style in the news2>aper, from commonplace advertisements to the finished and classical oration of the statesman, they more readily comprehend the meaning of "the text, and consequently annahze the construction with accuracy. She ^iovisc. Horse Racing at Our Fairs- ff ERY conclusively the present year has r shown the efiect which horse-ntcing and i pool-selling has had upon all our Coun- vtj^j. ty and District Fairs, aud upon our i^ State Fair also. Whoever has attended these fairs and witnessed the scenes enacted at these places — the gambling tables in full blast unchecked, the large amount of drunk- enness and blasphemy witnessed, the dis- putes and quiin-els seen, all the very out- growth of the race-track, must see and be convinced that the time has come when a change must be made at our fairs— either the horse-race must be abandoned or our Agricul- tural Fairs must be given up wholly, this is certain. The general dissatisfactiou"expressed this year shows that the people are in earn- est tor a change in the management of f;iirs, beginning with the State Fair, and thus revo- lutionizing the plan of all our fairs. The fairs that have been held this year have been complete failures, aud so far from any bene- fit or improvement to our farmers and their children, they have been the source of dis- grace to every place where fairs have been held. We shall here except from the list of fairs thus far held this year, the Santa Clara Valley Fair, held at San .lose,— Ca/. Fanner. XT 'r m* ^ «ow, If we wish to breed for a profit, we must breed what the demand calls for. There is a certain d.-maiul f.jr hciivy horses, but it is not among the high priced" men of the pres- ent day. They want symmetry, style, beauty in appearance, and a good stepper. Such horses are always in good demand at good prices; and by breeding to perfect all points we produce muscle and endurance, aud horses thus bred will endure greater hard- ships. They are medium hight, will draw all the load necessary for any farm team to draw, and when we hitch to our road wagons they will glide along with that loftiness of spiri't which nothing but a well bred horse will show, and it is generally conceded by our best breeders that the medium size, well" bred, is the better horse for all purposes. A horse that will weigh from eleven to twelve hundred pounds, fully developed, of good breeding, is of sufficient weight, and is worth buying, and is also worth keeping. — Fartiier.i Union. *** Bbidle-Beeaeing. — To cure a hor.se of bridle-breaking, get a jnece of bed-cord, four times the length of the horse, and double it in the middle, and at the double end make a loop, through which pass the animal's tail. Then cross the cord over his back, and pass both ends through the halter-ring under his chin and tie both ends of the cord to the trough-ring through which the halter-strap plays, the end of the halter being attached to a billet of wood. Should the horse attempt to pull back, the strain will all be on the root of his tail before the halter-strap will become tightened, and he will at once step forward to avoid it. After so fixing him a few times in the stable he will abaudon any such propen- sity.— Canada Farmer. Keepi.xg Hor.sEs' Feet and Legs in Obdeb. If I were asked to account for my horses' legs and feet being in better order "than those of my neighbor's, I should attribute it to the four following circumstances: First, then- are all shod with few nails, so placed in the shoe as to permit the foot to expand every time they move; second, that they all live in boxes insteaB of stiills, aud can move when- ever they please; third, that they have two hours' daily walking exercise when they are not at work; and fourth, that I have not a head-stall or trace-chain in my stall. These four circumstances comprehend the whole mystery of keeping horses' legs fine, and their feet in sound working condition ujj to a good old age. — Milen. Glasder-s. — Following is the ordinance in existence with reference to glanders in horses in San Francisco: Section 14 — Any person who shall keep or have in his po session, within this city and county, any horse afflict- ed with the disease known as the glanders, shall, within twenty-four hours after having knowledge or being notified thereof by any person, kill and bury the same, er remove it without the limits of the city and county. Any person who shall violate any of the pro- visions of this section sh:ill be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; aud upon conviction there- of shall be punished by a fine of net less than fifty not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the County Jail not less than twenty-five days nor more than six months, or by both fine and imprisonment. Maw horses are ruined by harsh treatment when they are colts. Their dispositions are soured, aud they come to look on man as a demon aud an enemy. Teach the colt by every act that you are his friend. Be kind "to him always, and you will gain his confidence to that degree that he will always obey the word when he understands your meaning. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. (!ioat! 0. The Angora Coat Business East. ,?a irt HE following which must prove of inter- est to all wishing information on this |.|i subject, we clip from the Prairie Far- mer: A correspondent residing in 'VVayne County, in this State, recently enquired for a house in Chicago or elsewhese, that deals in the fleece of the Angora goat; about how much per pound the product is worth; if the goats can be made to pay in Illinois, and if they can be prevented from climbing fences and barking fruit tfees. We sent his questions to Col. Eobt. W. Scott of Frankfort, Ky., for answer believing that he knew more about those animals and their future than any one we know of. Mr. Scott kindly replied as follows; I reply, with pleasure, to your favor of the '2;ith ult. and as fully as permitted by in- firm health, and by being on the eve of de- parture to my winter home, near Fort Beid P. O. Orange Co., Florida, from which if de- sired, I will reply more especially to your correspondent. During the last fifteen years, I have built up a flock of several hundred Cashmere (or more properly Angora) goats; all of which are now either pure bred, or full blood. For about ten years the mohair, or wool of them, has been sold for me on commission, by Messrs, Bauendahl & Co., extensive wool merchants, of 86 Worth street. New York. It has met with ready sale at prices varying from seventy-five cents to one dollar and a quarter per pound, as shorn ; and for the last two years has been sold by them at ninety, and ninety-two and a half cents per pound, the price fluctuating some, as with other com- modities, and according to quality and con- dition. I have also sold some to A. P. Bachman, manufacturer of superior plush gijods, at IS Franklin St., New York. I have also had application for the sale of it by Messrs. .Justice, Bateman ,S: Co., enter- Ijrising and reliable wool merchants, of South Front street, Philadelphia, Pa. Besides other Ijarties, I have had also extensive correspon- dence with the ".Jamestown Alpaca Mills," at Jamestown, New York, and ifj one of their letters they informed me, two years since, that they had brought from England, exten- sive cajjital, skilled laborers, and apjiropriate machinery, and had located on an extensive tract of land, and were prepared to manufac- ture three hundred thousand pounds of mo- hair or .\ngora wool, annually, if they could obtain suitable material. I received a letter from this Company last spring, desiring to purchase my mohair, but it had been sent to my usual merchant. I have been reliably informed that there is a factory which uses mohair in Providence, R. I., and one also in Worcester, Mass., but I have not been able to correspond nith them. It is certain that there is now unlimited de- maud in the United States, and that there will be in all time to come, for all of the mo- hair of good quality which we can produce, and at prices which will pay the producer bet- ter than sheep's wool of any kind will. Its superior lustre, elasticity, durabijfty and ca- pacity to take color, make it the most desira- bls material for the manufacture of coverings for car seats, and this use aloue will sustain an unlimited demand. To command the best price, it should be free from kenap (the coarse hairs which the goat wears in summer, when the niahair has been shed), burrs and trash, and each fleece should be tied up seperatelj- with a small col- ored thread. The /cPH.sp, or coarse hair, is found also in the fleeces of low grade animals, and it re- duces the price in ]iroportion to the quantity; but mohair containing it will always sell at least at the prices of coarse sheep's wool, it being better adopted to the same uses as coarse wool. Your correspondent asks, "Can they be prevented from climbing fences and barking apple trees?" and I rejily that these capacities and tastes make them especially valuable, and they must be controlled and not destroyed, where they cannot be indulged. But clog- gang or coupling will j)revent them from climb- ing, and a wire muzzle will prevent them from barking trees. Arc. But there is also another and more practi- cal means of preventing both of these, viz. : by having good fences. A fence of common rails, seven or eight rails high, andst.akjd and double ridered, with corners all erect and not leaning, and with the rails all of equal length, will hold them securely, and so will a post and rail, or a pilank fence, five feet high, if the fences are in good order. Goats do not break fences of any kind, bvit only take advantage of the negHgence of the farmer, where other animals have broken them. They will eat, and in course of time, will destroy a hedge of cedar, or of Osage orange, if they have access to it at all times. A stone fence may be made goat proof by placing pieces of scantling or plank, about two feet long, across the top of the wall and then nailing to them strips of plank on each side of the top of the wall, which strips will strike the goat in the face when he attempts to run over the wall. I have hedges and fences of all these kinds, and my goats are kept in several flocks, and, at some time of the year, in all of the difi'er- ent fields and pastures of a large farm, and they are useful in consuming the weeds, bush- es and briars, the cutting of which by hand would require more time than any extra trouble to keep the fences in good rejiair at all times. Though a goat does not produce so heavy a fleece as some sheep do, yet because goats consume a great variety of coarser feed than sheep do, goats will produce as much or more wool than she«p will from the same qu.antity of ground, and the goat's fleece will sell at nearly double the price per pound of the sheep's fleece, and the same may be said of the flesh and skins of the two animals. From these data your correspondent may judge of the propriety of raising the wool- bearing goat in Illinois, though the more ap- propriate locality may be in the prairies of Texas and in the mountains of California, in both of which states the taste and demand for them is largely on the increase. Though I have disposed of more than one hundred head this season, I yet have respectable flocks of both pure, and of full bloods, and I find them profitable, even in this blue grass region, where lands are high comparatively. Robert W. Scott. Near Frankfort, Kv., Nov. 4, bST-j. Foot Rot in Sheep. As there are getting to be more and more cases of foot-rot among sheep on this coast Ijarticularly in Oregon and in Mountain Meadow valleys, and we have been asked for advice on this subject we think that we can do no better than to give an article on this disease from the National Live Slock Journal, which is good authority ; Usually the first intimation the shepherd has of the presence of foot-rot is the limp- ing of the afl'ected animals. If the sheep had been carefully examined before this, there would have been noticed in the cleft of the foot, just above the horny covering, a moist irritated appearance, omitting a peculiar dis- agreeable odor. This is usually present sev- eral days before lameness in manifested. The disease, from this first stage, usually passes under the shell of the hoof, at the heel, grad- ually working and widening until the entire foot is afl'ected, unless arrested by artificial appliances. A feverish condition of the en- tire foot is apparent, when taken in the hand. Occasionally a foot may be found that has ulcerated, as the effect of injury from some cause or other; but the peculiar odor that is inseperable from the foot-rot is wanting. There has been much discussion as to the origin of foot-rot, some flock-masters con- tending that it originates from continuous confinement in foul pens of stables, or by jjasturage on low, swampy grounds. As this is a question upon which the "doctors disa- gree," we will not enter upon its discussion here, but relegate it to the experience of the readers of the Journal, with the remark that, in a pretty expensive experience with large and small tlocks of sheep, we have never met with a well defined case of foot-rot that was not traceable to contact with diseased ani- mals. The determining of the possibility of engendering the disease by confinement upon foul floors, and by neglect, has a certain value from a scientific standpoint — and we will be glad to get exi^eriences tending to prove the fact or fallacy of such a theory. Practically considered, the flock-master is contented with the knowledge of the rule that, to keep his sheep free from the i^ossibility of contact with the presence or walks of aftected animals in- sures them exemption from foot-rot. The exceptions to this will be found so rare that they need not excite solicitude. The actual presence of foot-rot in the flock determined, the question of the hour is, not so much how came it there, as how it is to be eradicated. Before discussing any of the numerous remedies piroposed, all affected ani- mals should be picked from the flocks and confined so as to render impossible further spread of the disease by inoculation from them. As fast as further cases are noticed — as most likely there will be — these, too, must be culled out. Unless this course is pursued, a large proportion of the animals in the flock will, in time, be afl'ected. The next step is to get the healthy animals off the ground fre- quented by the diseased ones — and to keep them oft' for several weeks at least, until sun and rains have thoroughly purified the sur- face and herbage. As soon as possible every animal in the flock should be examined care- fully— every foot being scraped and trimmed, ■ when necessary. Let this be thoroughly done, as the animal neglected may have about it the seeds of disease that will in time render all work unavailable — for of foot-rot it may truly said that "one sickly sheep infects the flock and poisons all the rest. " As the sheep leaves the hands of the operator it should be placed in a troiigh filled to the depth of two inches with a decoction of blue vitrol, and be made to walk through this while passing out of the pen. This will tend to destroy any trace of the disease that may have escaped the eye of the operator. Such trough should be eight to twelve feet long, so that each foot will be immersed several times. This process should be repeated at the end of a week or ten days at the farthest, and if repeated a seeond and third time will only make "assurance doubly sure." The diseased animals having been separat- ed, should receive immediate attention. The outfit for the opjerator should consist of a pair of toe-shears, two sharp knives (one heavy one for removing the outside of the the hoof, and a smaller one, with a keen edge, for the more delicate work), a sponge, or cold cloths, for removing blood, and :i small bottle of butyr of antimony, or soiii'' equally good caustic, for application when th' work of the knife has been thoroughly pi i formed. The knife will be found the sheet- anchor of success in treating foot-rot. The last Vestige of disease must be cut out — eveu though it involve the removal of the entire horny covering of the foot. Any less heroic treatment may mitigate, but will not cure the disease. When the diseased portions of the foot are thus laid bare, and as much of the pun wiped away as can be done withcnit irri- tating the exposed parts.the butyr of antimony, or other caustic, should be appled with a soft lirush or swab made by tying a piece of California Agriculturist and Live. Stock Journal. old linen or cotton cloth to the end of a stick. Unless the disease has been present for some length of time, nsnally but one foot on each animal will be attected, though the sound ones should be cleansed (never using the same knife as ou the sore felt, ; and treated to an apptication of the caustic as a precautionary measure. But it few days should be allowed to intervene before these invalids are careful- ly examined — great care being exercised to as- certain that the work has been thoroughly performed, If any of the virus was over- looked iu the first operation it will now be apparent. The knife and caustic must again be applied; and this vigilance continue to be exercised until all the once aft'ected animals are the possessors of sound, healthy feet, when they may be turned with the flock. TSough, as above intimated, it has not been demonstrated that certain floul and other- wise unfavorable surroundings originate foot- rot, there can be no doubt that such conditions favor its rapid spread, and renders its eradi- cation next to impossible. Such surround- ings will be avoided by the experienced flock master at all times. Even the instinct of the sheep will lead them to shun such, while seeking either food or rest. Precautions against contracting the disease should be used by flook-owners when infected animals are known to be in the vicinity. — These may consist in gi-eat care that no ani- mal from the infected flock be allowed to mingle with or cross the range of the healthy sheep; a rigid examination every few weeks, of the feet of the entire flock, as indicated above, and the passage of each animal through the trough of diluted vitrol; and great care that all additions to the number, such as stock rams and choice ewes, are from flocks and neighborhoods exempt from ihe malady. — Here an ounce of prevention will be worth a good many thousands pounds of cure; for we esteem foot-rot the worst enemy the flock master has to contend with when once it gets headway. Its eradication from large flocks is not an impossibility, but necessitates more watchful care and persistent labor thau the average farmer finds the time, or possesses the disposition to bestow. SILAS HIVING BEES. How He Expected to Do It, .\xd How He Didn't. ("he old gentleman's name is Silas, and that of his eldest son is George; his wife's name is Matilda, and his three pretty daughters are named Helen, Alice and Susie; there is a little Silas, too, and an older boy whose name is too queer to men- tion. The bees had alighted in a great bunch, as large as a half-bushel measure, on the limb of a peach tree in the yard. A table is phic- ed under the overhanging limb, spread with a clean white cloth, and the hive placed theroeu. Then one of the boys, one that is good for nothing else, is sent into the tree to sever the limb; the limb comes down slowly and easily, and the old gent below, dressed in a great coat, buckskin gloves, cowhide boots, and a bed quilt tied around his neck and face, slvh" manipulates a twig from the tree, and iu two minutes has safely coaxed every bee into the hive, during all of which time Matilda and Helen and Alice and Susie pound the bottoms out of just four tin pans; little Silas does his prettiest yelling, while the boy with the queer name is just old enough and shai-p enough to slip behind the house and wait for the thing to come to a point. That is the way the thing ought to have gone ofi"; but that isn't the way it did. Silas, the elder, was very comfort- ably bundled up for so warm a day, and he had his suit well arranged, only he forgot to tie the strings around the bottom of his pants The bees had settled on the limb of a peach tree, and Silas, when his table and white cloth and his hive already, commanded: "Now, George, grab that old rusty saw and climb; I guess you can cut that small limb off easy enough." George was just home from a six month's term of school, and he felt a great tenderness for his father, and would have gone through a patch of thistles bare foot to please the old gent, and yet he had a particular dread for the "business end" of a bee, and particularly of such a crowd of them. But he obeyed, and began to fiddle away cautiously upon the particular limb. One little bunch of tees dropped ofl' and w'ere caged; another, and another small bunch dropped, and the i^ros- pect seemed good, when suddenly an old hou- ey-maker aijpeared, who had been in the bus- iness, soared upward. George shut up one eye quick, gave one terrific surge on the old rusty saw, got out of that tree at one jump and his anxious mother caught a glimi^se of him as he flew around the corner of the barn twenty rods away. But poor old Silas! The bees came down, and he thought the bunch was as big as a hay-stack now. They did not go into the hive, but they went through his over-coat and bed-quilt as if these had been only mosquito bars, and they climbed wp his pants legs, and the old gent danced as he had never danced before; and he slapped his legs, as he had never allowed any one else to slap them, and his voice towered high above the clatter of the tin pans and the shrieks of little Silas as he yelled; "Throw water on me! throw water ou me! soak me, wet me dowu!" He rolled three or four times over in the grass, audspraugnp, shouting, "slap me! slap me! Can't j'ou slap me'?" in the midst of which little Silas crept up behind his infuria- ted papa and dealt him a lively one with a shingle; but poor little Silas landed the next second against the milk-house, for his pa took him and his shingle for a thousand bees, and gently brushed them ofl'. Oh, the agony of that three mitutes jig! He appealed to his wife. "Matilda, for heaven sake, bring me anoth- er pair of jiants, won't you!" But these things don't last always, any more than any other happiness, and after a few minutes the old gent came limiiing out of the cellar with the breeches on that Matilda brought him, feeling quite easier, but certain- ly much fatigued, just as George got back from the barn and the boy with the queer name slipped around the corner of the house. Both boys were to anxious know how matters stood, and asked; "Did you git 'em hived, pa?" But the old man was too mad to answer, or even look at his boys. He turned to Silas and said: "Little one you meant all right, and I'm sorry I cuft'ed you so; next time don't slap so hard." Then to his wife, "Matilda, to you I owe everything. Accept my heartfelt gratitude. ■We'll take no more stock in bees. I have made up my mind, and its settled, May our quiet, peaceful farm home never be so stii-red up again. Seems to me I never had so much of life crowded into a few short minutes before. Kuu after the cows now, boys; be off for its almost dark." AVhy Bees "Wokk ix the Dabk. — A lifetime might be spent iu the mysteries hidden in a bee-hive and still half the secrets would be undiscovered. The formation of the cell has long been a celebrated jn-oblem for the math- ematicion, whilst the changes which the honey undergoes ofler at least an equal interest to the chemist. Every one knows what honey fresh from the comb is like. It is clear, yel- lew syrup, without a trace of solid sugar in it. Upon straining, however, it gradually assumes a crystalline appearance— it camlieg, as the saying is, and ultimately becomes a solid mass of sugar. It has not been suspected that this change was due to a photographic action; that the same ageut which alters the molecular ar- rangement of iodide of silver on the excited eoUodian plate aud determines the formation of champhor and iodine crystals in a bottle, causes the syrup honey to assume a crystal- line form. This, however, is the case. M. Scheibler has enclosed honey in stoppered flasks, some of which he has kept iu perfect darkness, whilst others have been exposed to the light. The invariable result has been that the suuiied i>ortion rapidly crystallizes, whilst that kept in the dark has remained perfectly licjuid. We now see why bees are so careful to work in perfect darkness, aud why they are so careful to obscure the glass windows which are sometimes placed in their hives. The existence of their young dspends on the liquidity of the saccharine food presented to them, and if light were allowed access to this in all probability it would prove fatal to the inmates of the hive. ■ Workimj Farmer. t m » OcR Heavy Prodcct. — The Los .\ngeles Express says: "It is stated that the honey product of San Diego county this year will bo fully six hundred tons. One million two hundred thousand pounds of honey is prodi- gious for an industry only about three years old. Los Angeles county, also, is making tremendous advances in honey culture, and in a few years the two counties will supply the world. The honey of Southern California is without a rival iu quaUty and flavor in the market. It is only during the last twenty years that bees were known in California, aud to-day the business of apiarist promises to be one of the most important in the southern portion of the State.' ♦♦♦ Feeding Bees. — J. F. Montgomery, of Lin- coln county, Tennessee, tells the readers of the Fayetteville Obstrcer that every person owning bees, whether few or many, should now commence feeding them with rye flour ground fine and unbolted. This is done by placing the floui- in a shallow box or trough in the bee yard, where the sun can shine on it. A. rag dipped into honey or sugar syrup should be laid on the flour, t» attract the bees to it. On warm days will see the little fellows busily engaged rolling it up on their legs and carrying it into the hive to feed the young bees on. If rye cannot be obtained, unbolted wheat flour is a good sustitute. If any one disbelieves the above statement, let him get the flour and try the experiment and he soon will be couviced of the fact. Potato Blight rs Marix CorxTT. — The loss by the potato blight has not been exag- gerated. On many ranches the crop is a total failure, and on others it is less than half. John Griflin last year raised on -15 acres 3,000 sacks. This year he has 65 acres, and will be glad to get" 1, -500 sacks. Mr. Mulvaney has 30 acres and has turned his stock on them. D. Callan has 20 acres not worth digging. George Fieeman has 100 acres which he will not dig. J. P. Whittaker wiU get about •20fl sacks from 25 acres. W. K. Fairbanks, George Dillon and M. Calliher, with some others, will get a good average crop. Those planted on low, moist ground seem to escape the blight and do well, while other fields that escape the blight are barren from drouth.— -U"«rin County Journal. .. »i '• ■ The failures during the nine months of the present year in the United States foot up the enormous amount of 8131.172,503. Extrav- agance has been the rule in the Eastern States for the last ten or twelve years. The country is now going back to first principles, and it will be well for all classes to reduce expenses as soon as possible. _ ' m ' m ' ■Will some benevolently inclined friend donate us a newspaper published this Fall which does not allude to the fact that "the melancholy days have come."— £ric-<(-!'rac. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. CajJtal and ^aboc. The Danger of Borrowing. "The borrower is servaut to the h'uder.'"— Holy Writ. BY JNO. D. SCuTT, MI). n — Ct^D Agricultueist: — I have been inform- ed that no one, no matter what his standing or wealth, can borrow a dollar from any of our banks. A gentleman in this city, with some fifty thousand dollars, was indebted to one of our money-lenders in the sum of a thousand dollars. The lender demanded his money — said he must have it — swore he could not do without it. The bor- rower tried hard to get a loan to that amount from our banks, and notwithstanding his of- fer of unexceptional security, he utterly fail- ed to command the accommodation. Eeturn- ing to old money-bags he informed that "pound of flesh" individual of the fact- Shylock then very coolly remarked, that in as much as the borrower could not jiay his note, that he must give him a new one, at one and a half per cent, interest per month. As there was no other alternative he was forced to submit to the extortion. As there is no business in California, except it be highway robbery, that will warrant bor- rowing money at a greater interest than six or eight per cent, per annum, it will readily be seen how grievously this man has been wrou'ged and robbed in the above transaction. It matters not whether a robber levels a legal or all iriju blimdmbuss at his defenceless neighbor's head. The effect is the same — the exaction of money by force. The wretched Viorrower might just as well fall iu the high- way as to sulier a lingering death iu the spi- der-webs of the law. It. seems then that old Hhyloi'k could have done without his money after all. It was simply a dodge on his part to extort more in- terest. But he must have known beforehand that the banks would not loan under any circumstances, or he would not have resorted to the trick. Are the brokers and bankers in league to rob the public? Are they all in col- lusion to get up a corner in the money-mar- ket in order to raise interest up to the old and ruinous rates of one and a hall and twu per cent, per month? This siumltaneous ac- tion looks very much like it or else we have a very striking coincidence! Such conduct on the part of lianks and bankers is highly reprehensible if not crimin- al. They are the reservoirs of capital as our mountain lakes might be supposed to be the resorvoirs of water. The one would serve to furnish the life-giving element to our extend- ed ])lains in times of drought, whilst the others should open their vaults and transfuse new life and rigor into the veins of trade in times of financial distress. It is in a dry season that farmers need water to perfect their crops. They want no irrigation when the heavens open and delnge their lands with floods. So in prosperous times merchants do not need so much bank accommodation. But when trade slackens and business becomes dull they need bank assistance to tide them over that period of dullness. But banks and liankers however pursued exactly the opposite course. When the money-market becomes tight, they tighten up their purse strings slso. Their sa'e doors are slammed to, close as wrter-tight clam shells. This suicidal policy only serves to make money scarcer, to deep- en distrust and to spread the panic wider. Perfectly responsible parties then go to the wall who never would have failed if theie had never been a bank. In fact, this system of bank credit is an artificial and a stimulative one. It is like liquor, the more a man indulges in it, the more he wants, until at length he begins to think that he cannot ex- ist without it. It is either drink or die, bor- row or bust 1 These institutions by thus affording ready facilities for borrowing money, do, most un- doubtedly, stimulate the desire for adventure and foster the spirit of speculation. When they themselves, therefore, have helped to create a speculative tendency, how cruel, not to say criminal, to shut down the flood-gates at once and see a whole community perish without a single effort at relief. This State is dotted all oter with these sad examples. It was in this way that nine-tenths of the native Californians have been dispoiled of their ranches and homes now worth many millions of dollars. It is in this way that many American farmers have been realesed from the trouble and responsibility of run- ning their farms. The banks, or the friends of the banks run their farms for them. Two notable instances occur to my mind at this moment, one was an enterprising nursery- man and fruit raiser: he had a most valu- able place of near an hundred acres, and of course his credit in bank was good. Alas! too good! for vow (he bunk is runniiui the pkicc for hi til. The other was a hop-raiser and owned, perhaps, the best cultivated and most valuable hop-ranch in the State. His credit, too, became too good iu the banks (md one nf tliriii )i(ts kiridbj relieved liim of the labor of ever piikiiuj liops 'any more. It soon made him hop higher than a Kansas grasshopper. And so these banks have served thousands of others. They loan their money and when a dry season comes and their crops fail, and they are utterly unable either to borrow or re- mortgage, then these financial vultures scoop down ujjou them and feed upon their heart's blood. But then the murder and robbery are all according to law! The law makes no al- lowance for the dispensations of Providence! The law has no mercy — no charity — and the pious capitalist who pays pew rent, religious- ly in a fashionable church, thinks he has a right to impoverish and beggar his neighbor if he has the legal power to do so. "It is so nominated in the bond." Mr. CJirard, the great banker and philan- thropist of the centennial city, understood these matters better than the curbstone bank- er of to-day. He had it in his power during a well reimbursed financial crash to break up half the merchants in Philadelphia, and to add a- quarter of the real estate to his ex- chequer. "There were millions in it," as a San Francisco banker would have exclaimed. His cashier approached him and informed him that all the other banks in the country had stopped making any loans, and asked him whether they should do the same. "No, sir," said Mr. Ciirard,- "irhen men need moneij thid's the time tiny v.ani it ; let Oil?' customers have all the money they want." The consequence was that he carried his friends triumphantly through the crises, whilst the customers of the other banks and the Ijunks theviscli'et:, all went to the dogs. We fear that it would be diftieult to teach our bankers anything like this — the idea may be too large to enter their diminutive calibres. If our banks, after absorbing all the avail- able and floating capital in the comnnmity, are, like the dog in the manger, indisposed to use it themselves, or to allow any body else to do so, except favored stockliolders, the people have the proper remedy iu their own hands. It is, to depo.iit no more money xeith Ihein and to withdraie what they Iiave already de- posited. When an institution, like a bank, has ceased to perform the function, monetary relief, for which it was founded, it has out- grown its usefulness, and like any other nuis- ance, ought to be abated. We want bless- ings not curses in the community. Better have no reservoirs at all than those stagnant, miasmatic death-dealing cess-pools. « • *• — — Which Sn.iLL Bulk— Nine-Tenths or One- Tenth?— -About one-half of our population belong to the farming class. About one-quar- ter of our population belong to the mechanic- al class. And about fifteen per cent, of our population are laborerers who make their liv- ing by their muscle. Has any one ever asked himielf how much legislation is done by this ninety per cent, of our population? Is it not a patent fact that they have scarcely any influ- ence iu our National Legislation? The truth is, the legislation of the country is shaped _ and controlled by less than one tenth of the population. It is made in the interest of cap- ital, instead of the interests of the people. And this is the reason there is so much suft'er- ing among the industrial classes to-day. There has never been such a concentration of capi- tal going on as within the past few years, and a concentration of capital brings a concentra- tion of political and law-making power. Cap- ital has got the people within its toils. Can they release themselves? This is an impor- tant question. This must form a great politi- cal issue. If one-tenth of the people are to govern nine-tenths, and make them subser\-i- to their peculiar interests, it is time we were awakening to that fact. It can do no harm to bestow a little thought upon this matter. An Eastern farmer would get rich on what a California farmer throws away. Nineteen- twentieths of the farmers of this State, not only buy all their vegetables, but also their meats, fruits, butter, cheese, flour and corn meal, and even a great many buy the very eggs they eat. Shiftless! of course it is— but true, nevertheless. This is not all. Hired help are treated like Digger Indians; they sleep iu the barn or haystack ; have no ac- commodations or conveniences that a white man is entitled to; and the results are degrad- ing and demoralizing to the laborer. The hired man at the East is treated as a gentle- man; he has his tidy room, comfortable bed, clean sheets, and is surrounded by the refiu- iu" influences of civilization. Here, iu Cali- fornia, how dift'erent. Even the employers themselves, in many instances cannot boast anything refining about them or their prem- ises; not even a flower or shrvib to soften the dreariness of the spot they call home. Cali- fornia has not yet entirely risen from the chaos of its first' social and political period. There is much work for the future on the golden shores of the placid Pacific, When our people begin to build homes, with all the attractions that surround Eastern homesteads, and resolve to live, instead of merely existeng then will the landscape blossom as the rose. —Ex. ^ INTERE.ST Too High.— It is estimated that the increase of wealth in the United States does not exceed three per cent, per annum. But men who have money to loan are not willing to take this increase, but charge at least ten per cent. In this way labor becomes bankrujjt. Wealth finally gets away all thi earnings of the industrial classes. It absorbs as the sponge absorbs water, A cheaper rati of interest is in same way demanded. Cap- ital is absorbing the wealth of the people too rapidly , In the States, as a whole, the nundicr of acres is 32 to the hand employed; in Alabanm, 17 acres; in -Arkansas, 18 acres; in Georgia,^ 20 acres; iu Illinois, ■">! acres; in Indiana, 3S acres; in Mississippi, 21 acres; in Jlissoun, 35 acres; in Oregon, S5 acres; iu Tennessee, 20 acres; in Texas, 18 acres; in California, 129 acres. To illustrate: California had in cultivation 6,218,133 acres, worked by 17,8(13 people. The Californiau takes care of more than seven times as many acr baniain. es as the Ala- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. gouocholrt lUadini). Country Maidens. BY GEORGE w. 8EABS. fHEY Silt with thi^ir small, white feet iu the brooli. Two country lutndeus of benuty rare- Kate, with her brij^ht, t speigle look. And blue-eyc(l Blauche, with her golden hair. The air was fraRritnt with new-mown hay, The wild bee wrought with a drowsy hum, And they chatted the dreamy hours away, With {^irlihh pJaus for the years to come. And she with the eyes of sparkling jet Would be content as a fanner's wife. To shun the follies that wear and fret For the simple pleasures of country life. Then Blanche wlih her eyes of sparkling blue .^hook down a river of sunny hair. That rippled and flowed in golden hue O'er bosom and neck and shoulders bare. " And I," she said, " shall live in the town. With lackeys to come and go at call: And I shall be proud if lueu will me crown Queen of beauty at rout or bail. " My husband shall be a millionaire." Oh, poorly ;ou guess your future life! On you, with your beauty rich and I'are, Shall fall the lot of a farmer's wife. And red-lipped Kate, with her midnight curls, Shall win the ri( hes 1\ r which you pine. Her brow shall glisten with gems and pearls. Her table with plate and costly wine. But she shall long for the new-mown hay, And the shadows upon the upland leas, And sicken and tire of her splendid way. And sigh for brooks and birds and trees And you will sneer at your narrow lot. Weary and tire of yttur household cares. And each shall covet what each hath not. And pine for the burden the other wears. Oh, city dame'and farmer's wife. Each from the other too long estranged. Ye were (wo jewels of love and life. If but the settings were turned and changed. dTTats With Farmers' Daughters — No. Wives 12. and Having had a little taste of farm life this past Summer, I feel more capable of oflTering advice or sympathy to the wives and daughters upon what might otherwise seem beyond my ooguizance. But knowing how it is myself, and feeling that much viuhappiness is caused by ignorant neglect, I think it a positive duty to mention a few of the unpleasant things about farm life to women. First, the inconvenience of most of the farmhouses. Water in a well or tank some distance from the kitchen, where it all has to be carried for cooking, washing and other pur- poses; no sink to carry off the waste water, ■which in turn must be all carried out again; no boiler and water back^to the stove to give a plentiful supply of warm water; no bath- room and few closets. In fact, a roof and a floor, with a few partitions, constitute the ma- jority of our fariaers' homes, where the wives and daughters spend the most of their lives. Second, the drudgery of early rising, con- tinued cooking and washing dishes, besides the accompanying washing and ironing, churning, with its heavy washings, scalding of pans, etc., making many a delicate woman _au invalid by overworking when not equal to more than the actual cares of maternity. Third, the extra amount of strength re- quired to go to town, i( the farm is any dis- tance out in the country, takes from the en- joyment of the trip as a pleasure. Conse- quently the women-folks go only as a duty. when goods are to be purchased needing their selection; and with two or three children to take, and carry the whole distance makes the day indeed a hard one. Then, usually, there are no horses on the farm a woman can drive to visit neighbors, so that pleasure is denied her unless the menfolks are going that way, and she is then at their disposal when to go or come. Indeed, she seems as much a chattel on the farm, useful and maybe ornamental, as any of the farm stock or high-priced farm implements belonging thereto. Certainly she is aneces- sity to do the drudgery and icomrm's work, and a companion to talk to when indoors, but as to making her labors light by giving a helping hand, or adding conveniences for work, or providing conveyances she or the girls can drive when or where they wish, how many farmers do it? That is just the question I wish to ask and have answered. I hope fifty in this valley may say in all truth they are thus favored, but I fear not more than five can honestly say it. The farmers say, "times are hard — can't afford it;" or, "crops have failed the past few years, and when it comes a good year I'm going to fix up things," etc. But, my good friends, don't you see your wives working under disadvantages, car-eworn and failing in health daily? your daughters losing their interest in the home that should be so dear to them, and longing for a home in town, or anywhere else but just where it is? Nothing seems pleasant where all is hard work with no freshness of improvement. This is jilain talk, but it is the truth in many a home ; and I have seen enough of farm life to know that the men have many an idle day or week which might easily be improved by adding conveniences for the wife, or improv- ing the flower-garden, or by giving a help- ing hand indoors, instead of spending it in town or visiting some neighbor on business. Let me whisper a word in the ear of fathers and sons : If you believe wives and daughters are blessings in farmers' homes, see to it that your farms are kept thrifty, your fences and gates firm and true, your cattle well-fed, fields well tilled and homes convenient and attractive, and my word for it, you will not complain of whole neighborhoods destitute of true and noble women to cheer and aid in your labours; and when you do have families you will be as much a blessing to them as yon expect them to be to you. There is no mod- ern convenience in city homes that might not have a counterpart in country homes, and no woman should be expected to do all the drudgery of inside farm work without such •onveniences, at least, as -will save steps and make as light as possible the necessary work of the family. Grandfather's Letters— No. 3. EVENTS OF THE L.IST CEXICEY. A LOVE-LKTTER AND ma's asd Susie's kemakes thekeon. On breaking open an envelope the other morning. Angle exclaimed: "Why, ma! I de- clare, here's a love-letter! I know it is one from its length. I wonder who that can be from." " Oh," replies ma, " it must be from one of your old beaux, or perhaps, and bet- ter, from one of your late conquests. Well, do read and let's see what it is." "I guess you may be right, ma; for it has such a long address— begins, ' My darling, precious, be- loved Angle!' " "Why, that's good; go on," says ma. • ■ ' I think of you, talk of you, wnte of you, and I love you.' " "Better yet, if he only proves worthy of you. Beware of giving him the mitten." "I wonder he does not say he dreams of me." " Oh, that is only the sleeping thinkings; you may be sure he does that. Well, go on." " ' I have in these lew words stated my po- sition towards you. These arc the heart's impulses; there are those of the head to be thought of by-and-by. First, those of the heart: You know there is such a thing as at- traction and repulsion ; every one must have experienced this — how readily the best feel- ings of our nature flow out towards some, while from others we are repulsed, when but little, if anything, has passed between either. I murk this as a fact, without pretending altogether to account for the cause. Suffice it to say, you have proved for a long time at- tractive to me; hence, my language at the commencement of this letter, and its result in the whole letter itself. It is but fair and just to yourself, dear Angle, to account for this attraction, so far as I am able, and I won- der others have not seen the darhng Angie as I have seen her.' " "Can'tforget the endear- ing epithets, can he,'' says ma. " 'I have ob- served that polite conrteousaess of manner and kindliness of demeanor towards all, un- der the varying circumstances and phases of life, and I know it to be inherent in your very nature. " 'I have observed too, your attentive defer- ence to your dear ma's slightest wishes, your counseling her on slight as well as more im- portant occasions, your readiness to lend a helping-hand to your brother out doors, to or- nament the parlor or assist in the kitchen, and surround the porch with Nature's loveli- est beauties, and besitles all this an abnega- tion of self in favor of those around you. "'Can you wonder, beloved Angle, my mind dwelling ou all this till you have be"- come precious to my memory, at my address- ing you in the language of this" letter?'" "Why, who can it be?" again exclaims ma. " We'll soon see,'' says Angie, "for lam near the end of the letter.' It goes on, ' I fancy you want to know, by this time, who it is that thus addresses you, and what's the mean- ing of all this? To the first question I answer, you must guess. You have so many visitors to whom the same things are open and palpa- ble as to myself, that I feel you are about as likely to guess wrong as right. If you have been a very close observer the chances may be in favor of your guessing right. The rea- son for the noin de plume will be explained hereafter, if occasion require. As to the oth- er question, dear Angie, you will do me the favor to let me know if I may cherish those sentiments with which I began this epistle, or if I must quash them. Kely on their genu- ineness and sincerity; but of your condition and circumstances I am too ignorant to know if they can go beyond mere sentiment, so an- xiotisly await your reply to IXGLEWOOD. ' " --»-.-.«■ -^ It's all right to talk about bringing np a child in the way he should go, but the other day, when a Third-street woman set out to do it, a man halted at the gate and shouted, "Coin, mother — cripple the boy for life!" and a woman leaned over the" fence and screamed, "Why don't you cut his throat?" and a boy climbed on the alley fence and cried out, " Why in blazes a'nt the renorters around here to get this a-w-f-u-1 tragedy?" And the mother had to stop pounding and go into the house.— i)f/?oi7 Free P California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Jlomf$tic. Our Own. i;f I bad known in the nioruiug. How wearily all the day. The words unkiud Would trouble my mind I said when you weut away; I had been more careful, darling. Nor given you needless pain; But *'we vex our owu" With look and tone We might never turn back again, For though in the qtiiet evening You may give me a kiss of peace, Yet it might be That never for me Tiie pain of the heart should never cease. How many go forth in the moraing That never come home at night; And hearts have broken For harsh words spoiien. We have careful thoughts for the stranger. And smiles for the sometime guest, But oft for our owu The bitter tone , Though we love "our own" the best. Ah I lips with the curve impatient. Ah! brow with that look of scorn: "Twere a cruel fate Were the night too late To undo the work of morn. Familiar Taiks — No. 4. BY SNIP. FKIED CAULIFLOWEK Is a favorite dish with us, but seems to be un- known to all who have not eaten it here or hear it spoken of. It is a breakfast dish with us, and is jjrepared in this manner: The cartli- flower is boiled and mashed, as you would mash potatoes, in the evening, and mixed with pejjper and salt, and if you like, a little butter. In the morning make a batter, not very thin, of flour and milk and one egg, for two small heads of cauliflower. Fry in small cakes — about two tablespoonfuls for a cake — and be careful it does not burn. I here give some of mj" favorite recipes. The first has no name, so you may call it what you like: Take some mashed potatoes, or boil and mash some. If the latter, mix in some but- ter or cream, or if you have it, some good meat gravy. Season to suit your taste and put a layer in a deep dish; upon this place a layer of finely minced meat, seasoned to suit. AUernate in this way until the dish is tilled. Then spread the top thick with bread-crumbs and bake until quite brown. BOILED EEEAD PUDDING. Crumb your stale bread in a pail that has a tight-fitting cover. Cover the bread with sweet milk and put it by the stove to warm and soften. Then to every quart of the mix- ture add two well-beaten eggs, a cup of sugar, a handful of raisins or sweet dried fruit of any kind. Do not have the pail full, as it will rise some. Set it in a kettle of boiling water, hainng the cover on tightly, and boil about an hour. It is superior to baked bread pudding. UNCLE snook's cookies. One cup of sugar, one-half cup of butter or lard, one teaspoonful of soda, twoteaspoon- fuls of cream-tartar, two-thirds of a cnp of water. The thinner they are rolled the bet- ter. If made of lard they will need to be mado thin. CREAM CAKE. of soda. BREAKFAST CAKE. Four cups of flour, two cups of milk, one half cup of sugar or not as you choose, two eggs, one teaspoon of soda, two teaspoons of cream-tartar. This will make two cakes it baked in tin biscuit pans. Carving at Table. BY AUNT MARTHA. One of the most important acquisitions in the routine of daily life is the ability to carve well, and not only well, but elegantly. Not only at the tables of the aristocratic, but in the circles of middle life, where not all the refinements of cookery are adopted, the util- ity of a skill in the use of a carving-knife is sufficiently obvious. In the first place, whatever is to be carved should be set in a dish sufficiently large for turning it if necessary; but the dish itself should not be removed from its position, which should be so close before the carver as to only leave room for the plates. Th'e carv- ing-knife should be light, sharp, well-tem- pered and of moderate size, strength being less required than skill in the manner of us- ing it. Large, solid joints, such as ham, fillet of veal and salt beef, should be served in thin slices, while lamb and the like should never be cut in verj' slender slices. The art of carving is not attained by the study of liooks and i^lates, any more than that of the carpenter or house-builder Ijy the study of architecture; and while these are useful in their place, the art is only made per- fect by a regular ajiprenticeshii); and every young man should put himself to this work iu early life. It is a very cause of admira- tion to find such j^rofieients in doing the hon- ors of the table. There are too many, both among the young and tlie middle-aged, who exhibit the most embarassiug awkwardness when called ujiou to officiate in this capacity at home or abroad. One cup of sour cream, one cup of sugar, two cups of Hour, two eggs, one teaspoonful How TO Prepare Feathers for Use. — Be- fore the time comes for killing poultry for market, it is a good pjlan to i:fepare two or three bags of coarse, unbleached cloth — one to contain the geese and ducks' feathers, and the other for chickens' and turkeys' feathers. When plucking the poultry, cut oft the wings first, and if not needed for dusters, strip off the feathers from the parts nearest the bodj- and then peel oft' the feathery parts from the quill, but take care that no skin or flesh ad- heres to any of the feathers. Then put the bags into a brick oven, if you are the fortu- nate possessor of one, and keep them there, exeejjt when the oven is used for baking pur- poses, taking them out into the wind occa- sionally and be.atiug them with a stick. When you have collected enough to fill a pillow, cut the shape you desire out of bed-ticking and stitch it round on the wrong side with coarse, well-waxed thread, leaving a small space at one end to put in the feathers. Now lay it on a table, and rub it over on the wrong side with a piece of beeswax, just warmed a little, so as to besmear the ticking. If you cannot obtain the beeswax, common yellow- soap will do as well. If you do not wish to use the feathers, either for pillows or sofa- cushions, they can be put into beds that have become a little empty. The geese and duck feathers make the best beds, but the mixed feathers do well for cushions, etc. If any of the skin or flesh lulheres to the feathers, they will have a disagreeable, putrid odor, whii'h maj' seem to be an insurmounlablo obstacle to their use; but if, after the family wash is finished, the bag, tied up clusely at the neck, is put into the boiler of soajisuds and boiled a few moments, moving it about with the clothestick and lilting it up .and down and squeezing it out a few times, and is then tak<'U out ana hung in the air for several days, and shaken hard, when the feathers become dry they will be light and free from any bad smell, and they can then be put in the oven, and thus kept free from moths and always be ready for use. Corned Beef. —For every one hundred pounds of beef, after the largest bones have been removed, apply the .following: Four pounds of table salt, four pounds of white sugar, two ounces of salt-petre, and two ounces of baking soda. Mix all together and rub every piece of meat thoroughly, and then pack close and firm. In a few days there will be brine enough to cover the meat. The ani- mal heat should be all diiven off before pack- ing, and this is really one of the most impor- tant conditions to be observed before salting. If beef is killed in warm weather it should be placed in an ice house for forty-eight hours before salting. But the best time to put it down is in late Autumn or Winter, when the weather is cool. Apple Puffs. — Mix a quarter of a jjound of butter with a quart of sifted flour, two eggs, a spoonful of salt and a half-teaspoon- ful of soda, dissolved in a little cold water. Jloisten it with cold water so you can just roll it out easily. Boll as thin as possible and cut into cakes. Put three of them to- gether, sprinkle flour between each one, lay on the top thin slices of tart apples and sprin- lile sugar and a little nutmeg over them. En- close the ajiple liy doubling the pastry over them, pressing the edges well together, and fry in sufficient hot lard to cover them. When of a light brown, take up carefully. Stewed Fowl. — Fill the inside of a young fowl with oysters, put it into ajar or tin pail tightly closed, and put it into a kettle of wa- ter. Boil an hour and a half. There will be a quantity of gravy from the fowl and oysters. Add to it a little flour made smooth in a small quantity of water, some butter, seasoning to taste, and more oysters with thefr liquor. Serve this with the fowl, which will be very white and tender. All the fine flavor lost in ordinary boiling will be preserved. How to Preserve Smoked Meats. — Take ground black pepper, the finer the better. Wash all the mold or soil oft' from the hams or beef, and w hile they are damp rub them thoroughly with the pepper. Two pounds of pepper will keep thirty pounds of meat free from flies and insects of all kinds. It can remain, afterbeing thus treated, in the smoke- house or wood-house and not a fly will ap- proach it. It also improves the flavor of the meat. Polishing Shells. — Mrs. Bryan, in the Western Farm Journal, saj's: "My way of cleaning and polishing clam shells is to boil them in very strong lye about half an hour, then scrape them with a knife until I get all the outside crust oft'. I cleaned some the other day that looked just like pearl. When done they look almost as pretty as sea shells. For the periwinkle, mollusk, etc., I just rub them with a coarse cloth after they have been boiled in the lye. Care must be taken not to boil them too long." Pocket Mucilage. — Boil one pound of the best white glue and strain very clear; boil also four ounces of isinglass and mix the two together. Place them on a water-bath with half a iiound of white sugar, and evaporate till the liquid is (juite thick, when it is to be poured into moulds, cut and dried to curry in the pocket. This mucilage immediately dis- solves iu water, and fastens paper very firmly. To Take Grease from Wall-paper'— Lay several folds of blotting-paper on the spot, and hold a hot iron near it till th absorbed . Washing to Stiffen Fine Lace. — Dissolve a lump of white sugar iu a wine-glassful of cold water. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. J^° A Choice Specimen of some elegant plaut or flower is often seen in the show-win- dow of Jackson Lewis' Jewelry store, Auzer- ais House Block. They are taken from his own private garden and conservatory near the Santa Clara Street Schoolhouse, San Jose. We take a stroll through his grounds occa- sionally, and know of no place so beautifully supplied with rare and wonderful plants. Mr. Lewis spends his leisure hours among his pets, which he knows by name and cultivates understaudiugly. Any person who wishes to note what plants are suitable for any par- ticular locality, wolud do well to visit Mr. Lewis's garden, which is worthy of being named the Botanical Garden of San Jose. ~J^ Mr. Mitchell, the Seedsman and Florist of San Jose, will displaj- a splendid array of beautiful plants, and ornamental grass and other boquets for Christmas gifts and decora- tiiias. His selection of brackets, flower- et,aids, hanging-baskets, IN THE BLOOMIIVGTON, ILLINOIS, LOUIS CHOPARD, -T E \V E L L E R Aud Dealer in ^ S 1 1. ^^ E R AV ^A. E E, SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY, At Low Fiimres. tf3"Watche6 and Jewelry Cnrefully Repaired. DR. C. R, SPAW, Kcsident Dentist, I ' riier of First aud Santa Clara streets, iu McLaughlin & Kyland's building, San Jose. Ciil. " THE UNION CHRISTIAN WORKER " Is a XfW Puljlicatmn. issued Montblr bv CUBERY & COMP.ANY,:' {Printers and Publishers, San Francisco.) Terms: — (In U. S. Currency) , SI oOYearly.in Advance. Send for a Sample Copy. H. S. LAM KIN, ATTORNET-AT-LAW— ROOMS 3 AMD 4, Stone's Building (opposite Auzeruis House) , Santa Clara street, San Jose. Wednesday, January 19th, 1876. The f ubscriber will sell, at the time and place above- mentioned, U ffrst-class horses imported from Scot- land last .\ui,'ust, andpronouncedby competent judges to be the finest lot of horses ever imported into the United States, consisting of two two-year olds, four three-year olds, weiKhinR from 1.W0 to 1700 lbs., three four-year olds, weighing from 1800 to 2100 lbs., four five-year olds, weighing from 1800 to 2000 lbs., one six- year old. The sale will include one English Draft- horse and two first-class half-bloods, weighing over 1700 pounds. Part of them have been shown at the Western Fairs of 1875, and have been very successful in the prize ring, although competing against a large number of imported ht)rses. Amongst the lot are the secimd-prize horse at the McLean County Fair held at Eloomingten. twenty-five horses competing: also sec- ond prize .it St. Louis Fair, sixteen horses competing; first prize iu three-year old ring, eight horses compet- ing: besides many other prizes this Fall too numerous to mention. This is the largest and finest lot of horses ever of- fered at public sale in the West, and are well worth the attention of horsemen. SALE WILL BE POSITIVE, to commence at one o'clock sharp. Terms, one-half cash. X credit of 15 months will be given for the balance, with approved note at 10 per cent interest. 6 per cent, off for full payment. Cata- logue and pedigrees on application. The horses can be seen anv time before the sale at T, G. DUNCAN'S, McLean, McLean County, 111. HOW TO PAIHT, A Xcw Work by a Pr.Tfscriptions to HARPER'S MAGAZINE, WEEKLY, and BAgAR, to one adddess for one year, $10 00; or, two of Harper's Periodicals, to one address for one year, $700: postage free. An Extra copy of eitlier the MAGAZINE. WEEKLY, or BAZAR will be supplied gratis fttr every Club of tiVE snBsCRiDERs at $+ 00 eaeh in one rendtlance; tu% Six Copies for $20 00, without extra copy: postage free. liiick Numbers can bo supplied at any time. The Annual Volumes of HARPER'S BAZAR. in neat cloth binding, will be sent by express, free of exjjense, for $7 00 each, A compl4't<' Set, comprising Eight Vol- umes, sent ?«'«■ Vork. FOUE EXTRA FINE PIGS, 3 Sows aud one Boar pig. Pure-bred Eerkshires. tar- rowed 19th of last -April, by that superior, first, premimu, breeding sow, .\&rEBlcA, aud sired by first- premium boar, YoDNG Comet. There are no finer bred pigs in the United States than these. ts^ For further information and price, inquire of the Editor of this journal. SANIA CLARA VALLEY DRUG STOI^E, 300 Santa Clara street, Op- posite tlie Convent, S.AN JOSE, JOHIS D. SCOTT, IVE.D., PInjsicidn and Druggist. 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An extra copy of either the JIAGAZINE, WEEKEY, or BAZAll will be supplied gratis for every Ohio of FIVE suusrjtiuF.ns at $4 DO each, in oue remittance; or, Six Copies for S-.!a 00, without extra copy: postage n»e. Hack Niuubers can be supplied at any time. The Anhual Volumes of HRPER'S WEEKLY, in noal cloth binding, will be sent by express, free of expense, for S7 00 each. A complete Set, comprising KiuetfelJ Volumes, sent on the receipt of cash at the rale 01 J.") 2.1 per vol., freight at expense of purchaser Prominent attention will be given in HAPEBR'S WEEKLY to the illustration of the Centennial Interna- tiomil Exposition. Address HAIlPliR .t BROTHERS. .\eM lork. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. FARMERS' UNSON. I FAEMSRS NATIONAL COLD BANK 'SEEDS. {Sn.T< irs tu A. Phisxer k Co.) Corner of Second and Santa 31ara Sts.; SAN JOSE. CAPITAL - Wm. Eukson, President. - $100,000. H, E. Hllls, Manager. Diiectors: Wm. ErkBon, L. F, ChiiJman, Hurace Little, C. T. Settle, TliomaB E. Snell. J. P. Dudley, David Campbell. James Singleton, E. A. Braley. $^ Will do a General ^lercautile Business. Also, receive deposits, on wliicli sueli interest will be al- lowed as may be agreed upon, and make loans ou ap- proved security. S^V:^ ,TOSE SAVINGS BANK, 2St} Santa Clara Street. CAPITAL STOCK Paid in Capital (Grold Coin) $500,000 $300,000 OfHcers : Prefiideut Jokm H. JIoore Vice-President S. A. Bishkp Cashier H. H. Heynulds Directors: John H Moore, Dr. B. Bryant, H. Mabury, S. A. Bishop, H. H. Eeynolds, James Hart, James W. Whiting. NEW FEATURE! This Bank issues " Deposit ReL-eipts," bearing inter- est at (i, 8aud 10 percent per annum; interest payable promptly at the end of six months from date of de- posit. The " Receipt" may be transferred by iudorse- ment and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also allowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of deposit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe-keeping of Bonds, Stocks. Papers. Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Ciu'rency, at reasonable rates. Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Businesti. ECLIFSE Wind Mills Are the CHEAPEST, STOBNGEST and BEST where MumBiLiiuAcmmicE Are considered. Their Record is their Recommenda- tion. 3,5U0 in Successful Operation in Thirtv-one States. Tested Ei^lil Years as a Self-Replatini Mill CELEBKATED METAL PUMPS For Hand or Wind Mill Use. •"pHE TRACHEM PUMP IS THE BEST PUMP V. for Wi lid Mill or Hand use made. Send iox II- ustrat ed Circular i.f Mills and Piuups, GHAHZiSS F. ZZOAC. I 118 Beale St., San Francisco. l»"First-ClaB8 Workmeu furnished to erect Mills when desired. I. A. HATCH, Carpenter, San Jose, Ayeut for SANTA CLARA COUNTY. SASr JOSE. Paifl up t'ii|iilal (g.ild coin) S.'.OO.OOO AntliorizHCI Capital $1, 000, 000 ■John W. Hinds. Presideut; E. C. Singlctary, Vice-President: W. D. Tisdale, Cashier and Sec- retary; L. G. Nesmith, Assistant Cashier. Directors:— C. Burrel, Wm. D. Tisdale, E. L. Bradley. C. G.Harrison, E. C.Singletary, Wm. L. Tisdale, .lohn W. Hinds. CorrespondpntK:- .inf!l Five ticKctsTor Uijc Iinllar. W. F. PAP.KEU. TT^TVT?^^ \ O HOW MADI3 IIV V lx> l-/VIiVli. 10 HOURS from Cider, Wine, Molasses or Sorghum, without using drugs, -\ddress, F. I. SAGE, Vinegar Maker, Springfield, Mass. 1776. CEUTEUITIAL 1876. Chicaffo & Northwestern Railway. P;iss.-ii;;ers fur Chi.-;i.;o. SiwA^AV-.i l-'ails. Pitts- buTi^. Philadelplnii. Montn-al, Quubec, New York Boston, or any point East, should buy their Ti'iiiiscoiitiiieiitul Tickets via CHICAGO k NORTH WSSTEKN RAILWAY This; is th'- BEST ROUTE EAJ^T. Its Track is of STEEL RAILS, and ou it has been made the FASTEST time that has ever been MADE in this country. By this route passengers for points east of Chicago have choice of the following lines from Chicago: Pittsburg', Fortwajrne and Chicago mid Peniisvlvani« Riiilivays. •> THROUGH TRAILS DAILY. WITH PALACE 0 Cars through to Philadelphia and N«.w York on each train. -• THROUGH TRAIN, WITH PULLMAN PAL- 1 ace Cars to Baltimore and Washington. Lake Kliore aitd .Hicliil;.VTAl, SCHOOLS, ami sat- isfaction to 6 p. M. SAUTA CLAEA TAMERY JACOB EBERHARDT, Peopeizt.je. ALL KINDS OF LEATHER, SHEEP SKINS, AND \VOOL. Highest price paid for Sheep Skins, Tal- low, Wool, etc. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. aAREFN CZTV Saa JoBe. stoves Einges, Pumps, Hydnulic Hams, Lead and Iron Pipe, Brass Qoods, Hose Wire, Farmers' Boilers, House Furnishing Wares. pq ta E-1 <1 bo bH ' Jose. Meqefee &. Gastor\ DZSITTISTS, S, W. Cor. Siiiitii L'liini ami First Sts Over Fiirnier.s' Natidiml (ioltl Bnuk, SAN .lOSE. IK?" Speeinl atteutioii yiveu to Fine Gold Fillings. Fll Boots and Shoes. •^ ■n » CD w o «- ta -1 Hi 0 .n - :>; ca > E •- c-i o C M Patent Pump Valve RHODES & LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, No. IJ.Ij Fir^t Street, S.\N .JOSE Grain Dealer. Candy Factory. Stoves, Kitchen Utensils 1 V a i i V I ^v « C \ ^ t^m >^^ TABLE OF CONTENTS. ran PAGE Apiary. — The Southeru California Bee Country 31 Boys and Oitls.— Ten I.ittle Coun- try BoyK. ExpectatioiiB (Poe- try). *"Nell Van's Talks," *Graudma'B Talks. *Georgie'6 Doll -'.i City Dirdoning.— tCare of Plants, , 111 CorrespondoBce.— Deep Plowing. New Agricultural Patents. .. *H Captil and Labor. — * .Associated Ciapital i: Co-operative Labor. 21 Domestic— *FamIliar Talks, No. 6. Notei* from Subscribers. Rec- ipes 23 Editorial Notes. Etc 18 Educational. — "Proflciency Com- j mauds Success. tRelorm in Public Schools Needed 21 Forestry. —Destruction of Forests Value of Trees in Town. Etc. 2i; Hjy, Grain, Etc.— tSeasonable Sug- gestions. 1 Flax Culture. Rico Culture in Louisiana 21) Hoasohold Heading. - ■>Up-Counlr>- Letters, No. 2. "Grandfather s Letters, No. .'i HortiCttltnie.— 'Plant Trees. Spau- ishChcstnut. 1. S. Cranber- ries. Liquid Grafting Wax... The Hone. —Humanity to Horses (Poetry) . tFeediim and Work- ing Horses. About the Mule. Racing at P'airs Land Holder.— tPublic Lands in California. tScddiers' Claims. Piscicnltnie. — tProgrcss in Fish Culture. Etc Poieine —Food of Swine. BeeU forFatteninn Hogs. Welglit of Hugs bv Measurement. Etc. Ponltry yard.— tPoultryfcrProttt. Feeding Pepper. How to Pet Canaries. Etc Poetry .vv.; Store — 'Ralph's ^ alentine Stoci Breeder.-Organic .Vdapta- tion. Improving the Dair>'. Kindness to Farm Animals, Care of Young Stock P.^GK Sheep and Boats.- tClcarin Land With Angoras. Foot Rot .... 2« Vegaraile Saiden.— tTimely Sug- gestions. Chufas- Salt for Cabbage. Horseradish , 20 W:a!n. — Going Away (Poetry). ''Woman's Work 24 ' CoutribiJfed. t Editorial. A K^M; f/l tfOUSEhfOLV. Mm/fl/J^E, I California Agrici'lturist and Live Stock Journal. A DOMESTIC JAR HOVSEZZOLS TUIVIVLT. W Our readers will notice that the House- hold and Domestic departments look rather mixed on page 23 of this number. In putting the type into the page forms, the columns were set up wrong side to — that is, the column that should have been on the left of the page is set on the right of it. To make everything come right, commence reading the 23d page at the top of the right hand column, and follow the columns from right to left, exactly the same as the Chinese read their papers. This Chinese Ptzzle is the result of accident, not design, on the part of the compositor. As our Puzzle deijartnient is lacking this month, this practical one of the types may be regarded as equivalent to a remonstrance. A. M. FELDMAN. A L A R G E T R A D E Light Rents ami E\inning Expenses will allow SMALL TEOFITS. AVe can ami DO sell Staple and Faucy Dry Goods, lines nt Sf ylisU Drei^s Goods, Alpacas, P^'pliiis, etc., toL;etlier with AVIiite Goodie, Hosiiery, ami Geiiei'id fiiriiishiiis; Goods s O'BAITIOIT L KENT, AN JOSE CLOTHINd STORE? Gentlemen's Clothing — AND — Furnishing Goods. TF YOU WANT TO GET YOUR CLOTHING *• where no impoBition iB practiced on the one Bide, and no beating down necessary on the other side, remember the pla^-e. and trade at O'BANIOII & KEHT'S. Santa Clara St., opp. Anzerai^ House, CAN JOSE. First-Class Goods! Reasonable Prices! FaRICH. The Early Cloodrieh will be S(dd fur $2.50 per InO lbs, and the ■■Reds" ut S I .25 per IIW U.K. Parties wishint^ for (iuud Seed, at a low prii'e, shunld nrder at rtnee. A Bl'ILDKKS' HAKUWARK. .. ALSO . .. IKON, fSTKEL, COAL, KT( ., ETC The American Bee Journal, BREEDERS' DIRECTOEY. Established in ISfil by the late Samxiel Wagner, at Washington. D. C. is now published :\t(inthly :tt CHICAGO, 111. , I Every Beekeepershould Subscribe ; 1or_\t. I IT IS THE BEST SCIENTIFIC .\ND PRACTI- cal Journal of Aiucult'-.n- in the world. The moBt successful and experif-nci-d Apiarians in Europe, as well as Amerira. contribute to its pafies. In fact, it is the oldest, lartfest, and one of the most reliablt^ Bee Papers in the ' English language. Terms: S-i perannum. Send a staiui) for a Sample Cojiv. .^ddre^s, THOMAS G. NEWMAX, ' 11M> & 108 Sontlk Clark. St., CUicajfo. Parties desirint^ to purchase Live Stock wi find in this Directory the names of some of tb most reliable Breeders. Our Rates. — Cards of two lines or less wlil t inserted in this Diret-tory at the rate of t cents i)er month, payable annually. A line will average about seven words. Com five words fHARI.ES CLARK, Milpitas, Santa CJ ' County. Cal.— Breeder of Pure-bred B( shire Swine. POULTRY. MRS. li. J. WATKINS, Santa Clai Premium Fowls. White and Brown I horn. S. S. Hamburg,L. Brahmas. B. B . Red Gai Game Bantams, aud Aylesbury Ducks. A' Eggs. MISCELLANEO US. S HARRIS HERRING, San Jose. Ga „ , Agent for several breeders of BeetPur6-fc animals and poultry. We bring the breeder purchaser together direct, and do not stand tween them, while we aid eacli free of charge. ^PLENDID CARD PIIOTOGRAFI ^ only 82 a dozen, and (Cabinets S4: add Ht HOWLANI>*S Gallery (Heeriug's old Sta No. :i5y First street. Sau Jose. WALLACE t!fe COCHRAN, 386 I strt'tt-Handsome turnouts always on b at fair prices. Fine Hearwe tor Funerals, rlages for sale. Give us a trial. H. S. LAMKIN, 4 TTOKNEY-AT-I.AW-ROOMS 3 AND iV Stone's Building (opposite Auzerais Hon Santa Clara slreet, San Jose. o DR. .1. BRADFORU COX, FFICE OVEH T. W. Sl'UIhO'S STC opposite the Post Office. San Jose. tir The National Gold Medal was awarde' Bradely & Bulofson for the tiest riiotoKraplJ the I'n'ited States, and the Vienna medal foil best in the world. 4211 Mantgomery street, San Francisco. California Agriculturist ^x4ro E^m-wm e'x'ooK JOuri^Ei'Ai* Vol. 7~No. 2. SAN JOSE, CAL., FEBI^UARY, 1876. JSpBECRiPTiON Price, $1.50 a Year. X Single Copies, 15 C'«nts. A Valentine. Oh, little loveliest lady mine, Wbat shall I send for your valentine? Summer and flowers are far away: Gloomy old Winter is kin^ to-day. Bnds will not blow and eun will not shine; What shall I do for a valentine? Prithee, St. Valentine, tell me here. Why do you come at this time o' year? Plenty of days when lilies are white; Plenty of days when sunbeams are bright. But now, when everything's dark and drear, Why do you come, St. Valentine dear? I've searched the garden through and through. For a bud to tell of my love so true; But buds were asleep and blossoms were dead, And the falling snow came down on my head. So, little loveliest lady mine. Here is my heart for your valentine! — [St. Nicholas. RALPH'S VALEN- TINE. A Story .as Aunt Abby Told It. BT NELL TAN. One rainy February day Dr. Pember- ton's children, witli their cousin George, were all gathered around the dining-room table preparing valentines for the ap- proaching festivity of St. Valentine. No one could excel Cousin George, so the young folks thought, in the making of comic valentines. He had the faculty of producing burlesque likenesses of any one he knew, with bodies of birds or or beasts arranged in the most killing positions, and causing the most intense satisfaction among the j'oung folks, ■while Bertha selected suitable verses from a book of promiscuous poems. The sedate Arthur was arranging sentimental valentines of gilt and perforated paper, profusely ornamented with decalcomanie birds and flowers and tinted tissue paper trimming. They were having a most de- hghtful time, when, as is often the case, an altercation arose between the younger ones because George could not draw fast enough for Susy and Jane to color, and Tom declared it was his turn to have the iif'xt to paint, and so on, when A.nnt \l'liy stepped in to quell the tumult. She was a kind, motherly soul, with- lit kith or kin in the world, but known -rywhere as Aunt .\bby. Whenever li 'If was a murmur of discontent among ilir children. Aunt Abby invariably ap- !" iiihI upon the scene and took her sta- I n by the fireside with her everlasting viiitting-work, and before she was aware 1 it she would be telling a story of by- ■ 'ur days to the listening crowd. "Flutter, flutter! what's the buzz now mil' folks?" said she, cheerily, as she iit'-red the room just as Arthur was try- u^ to pacify the youngsters. " What's ,'omg on here, with all these picters and lapers? Makin' valentines, do ye say? Well, well, when I was yoiing" — "Yes. that's right, .\unt Abby," said ■usy, brightening up, for well she knew hose to be the words used to preface a itory. "Yes, a story!" cried another of the Ijl ^o"P- [ " We'll be good if you'll tell us one," I :iid little Jane, qiiite penitently. Aunt I il.by replied: " Well, I was jest savin', when I was young we never had nothiu' of that sort for valentines. Real flesh and blood valentines were none too good for us in them days. On the mornin' of the fourteenth of February up we would jump and peep out the window, for the first lad we clapped eyes upon was to be our valentine for the year; and though we felt a little shy about naming it, yet somehow or other 'twas sure to come out, and there was no end to the fun we had at the spellin' match, quiltin' bee, or any of the frolics where we young folks were sure to meet." " And was it the same rule for the boys, Aunt Abby?" adding "for in these days a fellow might watch out for half a day and never see a girl go past" "Lor' bless you, no, child," saidAunt Abby. "The lads had much the best chance to choose their valentines. They used to go about the town, peeping up at the chamber windows of the gals thej- knew, or into open doors, a'most sure to see somebody they was lookin' for; and it was droll to see how gallant they'd be to the gal of their choice, or ill-man- nered and rude if the wrong one ap- peared first." ' ' How well I mind the year that Mas- ter Ralph, then a lad of fourteen, passed the Winter at his Cousin Susan's house in Amherst. He had been left an orphan when a little boy, but was a prime favor- ite among his folks. He was always a studious lad, and so old-fashioned in his talk and ways that it was curious to watch and listen to him. There was quite a tumult in the house on Valen- tine's day mornin' that year, owin' to the arrival, durin' the night, of a first baby to Miss Susan, as I always called her. You see, when but a slip of a gal, I had gone to live at Miss Susan's moth- er's house, and after Miss Susan got married to a Colton, who was second cousin to my brother's wife's uncle, X became Aunt Abby to the hull tribe. About this time Brother Tom was took with the janders and died, leavin' me alone in the world, for his wife, Polly -Ann, died of grief afore the year was out; so you see nothin' was left for me but to go out nursin'. I did amazin' well, and brought three families safely through the measles and mumps, and no end to the cases of chicken-pox and can- ker rash I was called in to tend. Well, I was with Miss Susan (Mrs. Colton, I should say) with this iirst baby, and as I was going down to breakfast that first mornin', who should I meet on the stairs but Ralph. He had heard the news, and seemed proper glad, and mighty anxious to take a peep at the lit- tle stranger. " 'Mayn't I see Cousin Susan and the babj'. Aunt Abby?' says he to me. "'Well, yes,' says I, 'certiugly; you can walk right in and I'll show you the purty creatur. ' "How softly he stepped in! and after sayin' good mornin' to his Cousin Susan, he watched me pick up the little mite of a baby from its mother's side and lay it across my knee in front of the fire. " 'Oh,' said he, ' what tinv fingers and finger-nails, too!' Then comparing the length of the little hand with his own brown one, he said, ' Do you think mine were ever so small as these?' "Then I uncovered the feet, and such a time as he made over the funny little toes, and he measured the length of its foot with his fingers, sayin', in his quaint fashion, ' Well, there will be a wife for somebody, eh, .Aunt Abby?' " 'Who's your valentine to-day, Ralph?' asked his cousin, from the bed. "'Why,' said the lad, 'I had not thought of that. This young lady here is the first one I've seen to-da.v. She must be my valentine this year, and I'll take a kiss to seal the compact;' so, pressing his lips to the soft baby cheek, he said, ' Y'ou'U be my valentine, eh. baby? silence gives consent, yon see,' and with a murmur of applause from baby's mamma, Ralph kissed his hand to her, said ' bye-bye' to baby and was gone. "Well, as the years passed on I was at Mrs. Colton 's off and on, till that pretty baby had grown into a blooming lass, with dark, curling hair and eyes like night. They named her Clarindy, and she was right smart with the six younger broth- ers and sisters, who gave their mother a sight of trouble. The year that Clarindy was sixteen, the measles broke out among the children, followed by the whoopin'-cough, and nothin' would do but that Aunt .Abb}- must be sent for to carry them through. Besides, Clarindy had a beau, and folks said she was to be married in the Spring. True, he was a'most double her age, bein' close on to thirty, and a medical man, having gone through his studies, graduated and trav- eled some, but come to Amherst to settle into practice. I never mistrusted who the Doctor, as they called him, was, till one day I chanced to open the door for bim, and there stood before me, as nat- 'ral as life. Master Ralph ! only the bits of whisker half-way down his cheeks made him appear more manly looking. His eyes Ut up when he see me and he said : " 'Why .\unt -A.bby, are you here? Do you remember me?' " 'Indeed I do. Master Ralph,' says I, with clear wonderment. " 'Is Clara in?' he asked; and says I to him, ' Well, yes; she's fixin' to go ridin' with' — — "Before I could say more one of the young ones came out, and seeing who it was, sung out, ' The doctor's come! The doctor's come! Now mayn't I ask him to let me go too?' ".\nd this, then, was Clarindy's lover; the same boy, Ralph, grown into a han'- som' doctor, a goin' to claim for his wife the valentine of his boyhood! Oh, chil- dren, truth is stranger than fiction every time." "Tell us more," said little Jane. "What became of them?" asked se- date Bertha. "Do tell us more, dear Aunt Abby," said Susie, with enthusiasm. "Well, children," slowly resumed Aunt .\bby, " the last time I see any of the doctor's family was one rainy day in February, when I stepped in to quiet the children, who were skirmishin' over the makin' of valentines." "Just like rae, " said little Xane. "So," continued the old lady, "I dropped into a chair with my kuittin' work and set out to tell them of bygone days and the true story of Dr. Ralph Pemberton's valentine." "Oh, that's a good one, " said George. " I knew all along it was Uncle Ralph and .\unt Clara you were telling about." "Was it Papa and Mamma, really, truly. Aunt Abby?" asked little Jane, while Bertha and Sue uttered little ex- clamations of surprise. "Of course it's true, simpleton," spoke Arthur. "Don't 3-ou know Mamma's birthday is on St. Valentine's day, and her name is Clara while Pa's is Ralph?" "Why no," said the persistent little Jane; " Papa is only Pa and Doctor, and Mamma is — well. Papa calls her Dearj- and we call her Mamma, you know." FAVORABLE NOTICES. We arc under obligations to the local press generally over the State for many flattering notices of our new volume. We make room for but one this month, and give that because it comes wholly unexpected from one of our home papers. We value the notice all the more highly for, as a general rule, there is a sort of jealousy existing between papers pub- lished in the same town, Avhich prevents the expression of a good will. But the Patriot, under its present management, is able to be independent of and above petty meaness, and is conducted in a manner to gain the respect and confidence of its readers. " The CiLIFOBXLi AoEICULTrTilST. — The first number of the seventh vol- ume of this magnificent periodical is be- fore us, and we are proud of it. The Caliioksia Agricultukist akd Lh-e Stock JonnsAL, to use its proper title, is a publication which reflects honor on the taste, intellect and progressive spirit of San Jose. It is a magazine, no more of the special interests indicated by its name, than a journal of general art, knowledge, literature and fine miscella- ny. Thus, in the splendid number on our table we find, besides a variety of able editorials, whole departments well filled with essays on many important subjects, such as gardening, hygiene, stock rasing, education, pisciculture, etc. .A history of the State Normal School (with illustrations) will be found, to- gether with a week's reading of the most interesting matter for old and young, for the farmer, artisan, scholar, house- keeper; in fact it is a magazine for every- bodj', and better worth the subscription price — $1.50 — than any similar work in the country. Office over the San Jose Savings Bank. — San Jose Patriot, Jan.lS. Stose jars which have become offen- sive and unfit for use, may be rendered perfectly sweet by packing them full of earth and letting them stand two or three weeks. 18 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. iJ^^i^^^mdd gm J/t7f/{ jrtj///7/;//J $L50 Per Ar\r\urn. PUULieHED MONTHLY BY THE CAL. AGRICULTURIST PUB. CO. B. HARRIS HERRING, Editor. OFFICE;— 0\'er tlie Sun .Jose Saving's Bank, Balbn4'li''s Biiildiii;;;, Santa Clara Street, near First, San -lose. SPECIAL TE2MS TO AGEKTS. RATES OF ADVERTISING: Per one Colnmn S12 00 Per Mouth " half Coluiiiu 6 00 " " fourth Column 3 00 " " eighth Column 2 00 " *' sixteenth Column 1 00 " " 1^" We are detemiined to adhere to our resolu- tion to admit nonelnit worthy business advertis- ing in our columns, and to keep clear of patent medicine, liquor, and other advertisements of doubtful influence. The large circulation, the deBirable class of readers, and the neat and convenient form, rend- ers this Jouma[ a choice medium for reaching the attention of the masses. EDITORIAL NOTES. Sack Numbers. — With the excep- tion of the August number, we have sev eral complete files of the Ageicultorist for 1875 to spare. Subscribers who lack copies to complete their files should send orders in at once, and as long as we have any to spare we will forward them to you by mail, free of expense. Sumac Seed. — Mr. .Jacob Elierhardt, of the Santa Clara Tannery, has left at our office for distribution a sack of sumac seed. Such of our subscribers as would like to experiment with the cul- tivation of the plant can have a package sent to their address by ordering the same. The sumac is a tree well known east of the Rocky mormtains, and is val- uable chiefly for its tanning projierties. Thanks to the few subscribers who have responded promptly to the state- ments of accounts lately sent out. An- gels' visits are said to be few and far be- tween. Perhaps for this reason they are all the better ajipreciated. But when it comes to paying our bills, we sometimes are compelled to think we could appre- ciate a more profuse shower of postal money orders, etc. But then, we may be happy yet. \ Senator Lane is doing a good work for rclreucliiii^' the enormous fees and salaries of officials. The people are taxed beyond endurance to feed a lot of cormorants who do nKU'o harm than good anyway, and the more )iay they get the worse they are, bowed, I Life dropped the distaflf through her hands f serene; J' And loving neighbors soothed her careful shroud I While death and Winter closed the autumn I, scene. G-rowing IVeather. I stood one morning where the sun Had tipped with golden edges, The brown, bare hollows of the rocks. And tufts of ragged sedges: And from the meadow fragrance near. Where scythes swung sharp together, I caught the watchword, "swift, my boys,' For this is "growing weather." It was a farmer's random thought, It had a simple meaning; But chords we touch with careless hand, Will set a dreamer dreaming. And by the joyous harmony Of soul and sense together. The key-noto of my mood was touched, And echoed "growing weather." Ah I weak and worn must be the heart, And comfortless the spirit. That hears, in this hweet growing time. No " come ye and inherit;" Thut^are not drawn to jjurer highte, By every lilting mountain. 1 [And catch no whisper of rebuke From stainless grove and fountain. The Old Farm Gate- HY EUGENE J. HALL. The old farm gate hangs, sagging down, On rusty hinges, bent and brown; Its latch is gone, and here and there It shows rude traces of repair. The old farm gate has seen, each year. The blossom bloom and disappear; The bright green leaves of Spring unfold And turn to Autumn's red and gold. The children have upon it clung. And in and out with rapture swung. When their young hearts were good and pure — When hope was fair and faith was sure. Beside that gate have lovers true Told the story, always new; Have made their vows; have dreamed of bliss. And sealed each i)romise witli a kiss. The old farm gate has opened wide To welcome home the ncwMuade bride, When lilacs bloomed and locusts fair With their sweet fragrance filled the air. fljwer stand. Wake ye, who slf^p through harvest hours, Know but thf hniith of roses: And these shall t-'ach more generous life, Before their short day closes. Expand to some such perffct grace As sways the meanest willows, Or curves the pliant symmetry, Upon the smoothest billows. So each high noon shall ripen thee To fair and fruitful splendor. And all night silences shall fall Like prisius soft and tender. So every morn shall bring to thee Its new divine evangel. And wave-kipsed lilies show less white Than the record of thine angel. Grow on and upward, soul of mine; For thee the Summers tarry; And sheen and shade, and voice and mould, Are wrought from Nature's quarry, That thou upon the farthest bights M.syst reach sublimer levels. And find a better joy at last, Tlian that wherein she revels. That gate, with rusty weight and chain, Has clo?ed upon the solemn train 'Ihit bore her lifeless form away. Upon a dreary Autumn day. The lichens gray and mosses green Upon its rotting posts are seen; Initials, carved with youthful skill, Long years ago, are on it still. Yet, dear to me above all things. By reason of the thoughts it brings, Is that old gate, now sagging down, On rusty hinges, bent and brown. ^ r^ After thirty years' experience in seed and gardening business, Briggs Bros., Rochester, N. Y., are about to issue a practical work on the cultivation of flowers and vegetables. The first number of their Floral Work for 1876 is ready. Everyone who cares for plants, as everyone should, ehould obtain and study such works. Fair Flay for the Farmer. BY MES. s. M. sairru. On every side new foes arise. Or old in modern armor. King above ring, like Alps on Alps, Frown still upon the farmer. In vain he. single-handed, drives To cope with powers united. Or dreams the wrongs of centuries Will, of themselves, be righted. What wonder if at last those wrongs Have roused each man and woman ? What wonder if they learn to use The weapons of their foemeu ? Turn back the enginery of wrong Again on its possessors; Yet. God forbid that the <»ppres£ed Become in turn oppressoie. Though a grand army we enlist. And don defensive atmor. The only conquest we pursue Is " Fair play for the former," Our ring endangers no man's rights; No war of plunder wages; Its influence yet shall bless mankind Through alt the coming ages. The wisdom that men slowly gain They lose not in au hour; It took us ci>uturies to Icam Uo find in union power. And centuries of odvanciug growth Will yet mark our progressioD, Ere sons and daughters of the soil Forget their dear-bought lesson. Nor is the lesson yet complete; Scarcely our feet have entered Upon the road that leads to bights Where Toil's full hopes are centered; Where the starved soul at Wisdom's founts May be a free partaker, And the bent form, erect, clear-eyed. Honor once more its Maker. CARE OF TENDEE PLANTS. tITY gardening, to be made suc- cessful, reijiiires a good deal more of practical knowledge and care }jS) than the majority of persons are ■^p aware. We refer especially to the cultivation of flowers and plants on a small scale, in yards, windows and con- servatories, in small beds out of doors, in pots, boxes, hanging baskets, etc., in doors and out. There is so much diftVr- ence in the hardiness of thj various plants, the amount of water and light necessary to healthy growth, the suscep- tibility to changes of temperature and humidity of the air, and the effect of exposure to winds and drafts, that, all things considered, require much atten- tion. Plants which have been grown under the shelter of glass and protected from wind and weather are not able to bear exposure to winds at all. When you purchase of nurserymen for the yard, be sure to get plants that have been inured to the weather, otherwise you cannot make them live and grow in exposed places. Even as hardj' a plant as the rose, if grown under glass, can- not endure exposure. We have known beautiful window plants that had been grown under glass to suffer from raising the window and allowing the draft of cold air to strike over them. As many persons purchase such plants for their yards, verandas and windows, a, word of caution should be given. They must not be placed where the wind has a rake at them, nor be exposed to great changes of temperature. They must be tenderly cared for, regularly and plentifully, but not too copiously, wa- tered. ; that is, they should not be kept continually soaked with water, as is of- ten done by setting pots in pans filled with water. They must be sheltered California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. (I from all winds and from very hot sun- I shine. When the sun is hottest a thin muslin curtain should shelter the plants f from its raj's. Hanging baskets that are ' filled with delicate jilauts should never 9 ^be hung out under the piazza, where drafts of wind can dash the foliage about. Many beautiful baskets are ruined by such carelessness, and no one need ex- pect success with plants unless they are sheltered from the winds. California is a windy country anyway, and there are more plants annually spoiled by the winds than by all other causes combined. Piazzas where jjlants are to be grown should have one or both ends enclosed, so as to give the plants shelter. Gar- dens, w-hen laid out, should be so en- closed that the prevailing winds will be broken, otherwise many plants will jjer- ish and none will flourish satisfactorily. This is a matter of much importance — one which we would particularly imjiress upon the minds of all, as few seem to realize how severely most plants sufl'er if exposed to winds. Any one who will be careful can be successful in rearing and keeping in beaiitiful luxuriance any plant they may fancy, if they will but observe a few common sense principles and humor the jjlants with aft'ectionate consideration for their wants. The real- ly successful and enthusiastic lover and cultivator of plants almost seems to cre- ate a bond of sympathy between herself and her pets that amounts to and is, an uuderstaudiug of what they need, and insures attention to their wants. But there is no more mystery abrut the busi- ness of growing fine jilants than there is about growing potatoes. Each plant is adapted to certain conditions, either through its natural habits before culti- vated by man, or through the habits it has acquired since man has cultivated it. For instance, we have just stated that as hardy a plant as the rose naturally is, it can be made too tender to endure ordi- nary out of door treatment by being nur- tured in the greenhouse. The same jiriuciple will apjjly to all plants, al- though there are extremes of tenderness and hardiness beyond which they can- not succeed. The hardy condition tends toward a more stunted, small leaved and closer branching habit, while the tender plant has larger, thinner leaves, softer wood and comes more rapidly to matu- rity. The thousands of varieties of ge- raniums, fuschias, verbenas, etc., that have been ptoduced under culture, show how i^oteut is the power of adaptation, when man understandingly works for a given result. The condition under which a plant may live is not always the condition under which it will become the most at- tractive. Success in the culture of fine plants means hUjhcst develnptnent as well as healthy growth, although healthy growth is alwaj-s necessary to perfect deqeltjpment. There are always certain conditions best suited to development in any given directieu. But we will defer further talk about general princiiiles for the present, although there are many important things to be considered. FKOSTY NIGUTB. The recent frosts have been rather se- vere on tender plants that were not shel- tered. We have noticed that some persons who have left their plants un- protected hav(! thrown water on them iu the miu-uiug to draw the frost out with- out its killing the plants, as is the case whore the sun stiikes upon the frozen plants. If the water is not thrown on until the temperature rises above the freezing point, it will do this, but if put on very early in the morning it will freeze all the harder. The water will turn to ice unless applied (.'Very few minutes until the temperature rises. We have known of plants being killed out- right by throwing on a dash of water which was allowed to freeze. It is cheaper to cover plants from the frost than to buy new ones and wait for them to grow. Many grand clusters of calla lilies have been cut down, in San Jose, by frost, through careless neglect. PLANTIKG SEEDS. The surface soil is better adapted to the germination of seeds than that which is thrown up from below by the sjiade or plow. It should be finely pulverized, whether in beds out of doors or iu boxes. "To secure germination, the essentials are a proper degree of moisture, heat and covering. The most usual hind- ranees are, that the earth dries down be- neath the seed after growth has begun, and that a crust, through which the ten- der sprouts are unable to push their way, forms over the delicate seeds. Hence they should bo given a covering that is porous and light, so that it will retain moisture and not bake and form such a crust." The earth upon which the seeds are planted should be settled down by sprinkling, or be slightly pressed down on the surface; then, after dropping the seeds, cover with leaf mould or sawdust and sand mixed, or rotted spent hops, or old manure sifted tine and mixed with sand, or sand mixed with light soil will do. Any covering that will pack down closely and bake when dry is not fit to cover seeds. "Generally, the covering should not be more than eight times the the thickness of the seed, and is best ap- plied by sifting. This covering should be kept moist, but not wet, till the deli- cate little plants have come through. The moisture is best retained by spread- ing a newspaper over the surface and keeping it down with sticks or stones for two or three days." The illustration this month is of an elegant bronze flower stand. This can be kept in-doors at the window, or be rolled on its casters out upon the porch when the weather is favorable. A stand of this kind, holding a variety of elegant plants and vines, and a glass globe con- taining gold-fish, is certainly something to be desired, and almost anyone can get or make something like it. A stand of which this is a picture can be seen at Mr. Mitchell's Floral Depot, San Jo.se. mi polder. PUBLIC LANDS IN CALIFORNIA. I ijVfi-F men with families who are hunting for something to do would secure for themselves 100 acres of land al- vj^ most anywhere in the State, they Kg would find something to do for themselves independently, and could easily make a living, while improving their home in comfort and value, with reference to a competence. The man who secures a homestead of laud, places himself outside of fluctuations in values and trades. He is not dependent upon others' business and wages, but within his own little holding is a king. There is no way in which a man can more surely secure himself and his family above want. For the information of such persons as are looking out for land we select this article frimi the San Francisco diulktin. Wo frequently get letters asking for just such advice : In this State there are ten land dis- tricts, tho offices of which are located as follows: Eureka, Shasta, Susanville, Marysville, Sacramento, San Francisco, Yisalia, Independence and Los Angeles. In all these offices, or in any of them, tho immigrant can tiud more or less laud that is subject to homestead and pre- emi^tion; and although it is true that the large valley tracts have been taken, yet along the foothills in the mountains it is not dilEcult for the home seeker to find f ud locate a 160-acre farm that in the Eastern States would be considered very valuable. There is land to be had in the following counties by the immigrant or home seeker: Kern, Fresno, Tulare, and in the counties of San Diego and Los Angeles, while in the northern part of the State there is much good land. The valleys of this State will raise cereals for the world as well as for a home pop- ulation. A recent survey made of the La Poresimo Eancho, iu Los Angeles countj', ten miles from Lompoc, gave to the United States out of this one rancho 20,000 acres of fine farming lands. This was a siDecial survej', made by the United States Surveyor-General's office of this city. The Southern CaUfoniian, published at Bakersfield, in Kern county, makes the following statement: Some of the best lands in Kern County are yet ojaen to settlement. The lands in townshii) 29 s. r. 27 e., township 29 s. r. 26 e., lying west of the river, are mostly very favorably located, and some recent settlers there are constructing a ditch from Kern river. The surveyor has been at work in these towushii^s for many days past, accommodating a num- ber of new families, who have made their way in wagons from the North. There is room for thousands of settlers in these two townships alone. Bakers- field is situated on the east side of Town- ship 29 south, Range 27 east, so that the outer limit of the two townships will be but twelve miles from this place. Por- tions of sections 18, 25, 30 and 32 have been appilied for within a short time past, but according to the testimony of Mr. McCord and Mr. McCaffrey, who have settled there, the lands remaining are equally good, and are well worth the attention of families seeking for good homes. There is a fair supply of tim- ber on each section, and abundant water to be obtained from the river, which ruus through the townships. As a general thing too little efi'ort is given to search for such locations by new comers. It is found more conve- nient to buy out some settler already es- tablishad at from ten to twenty dollars per acre. We kuosv of 160-acre farms having been sold for $2,000 by specu- lating settlers, who have never made the least imiirovement, and who have man- aged to secure other claims, within a few miles, at Government price. We hope this notice will bo read only by bona fide settlers, to whom we will cheerfully give all the information need- ed to make locations, which to some ex- tent can be done without the expense of a surveyor. SOLDIERS' HOMESTEAD CLAIMS. The matter has beeu agitated before our State Legislature to petition Con- gress to prevent any persons from spec- ulating in public lands with soldier homestead warrants. This is a move in the right direction, although late in the day. We would like to soo a bill so framed that nime but actual settlers can buy Government lands under any con- sideration, and then only in limited ipiaiitities and only when ho holds no (ilher lands. Ever}' scheme of land war- rants, whether granted to the State, to school funds or what not, has been got- ten up by land sharks to be used for their own aggrandizement, and have beeu so used. It should be made a crime against our country for one per- son or corporation to attempt to get more than a limited amount of Govern- ment lands; and that limit should be placed low enough to allow actual set- tlers a show for years to come. We are not one to endorse the principle that capitalists should have the right to more land than anybody else. The land should be for the people, sacred to the settler, above the reach of inordinate specula- tion. Were land monopoly impossible, there would be thousands of homes in California to-day where there are hun- dreds. The whole community would be better ofl'. Capital would seek invest- ment in industrial channels, and less idleness and distress would naturally re- sult. As it now is, a poor man is virtu- ally fenced out of the country. Before one can get a farm, he must give some- body the savings of from ten to thirty or more years' labor — somebody who has never added one cent to its value in many cases. Quite as often the desira- ble lands are held to be rented; and the rental, one year with another, would make a hard-working man a poor slave to tho landlord. It is best that some of the terrible evils incorporated into our civilization should be remedied in a civil manner, before an oppressed and long-sufl'ering people become desperate beyond such control. That land monopoly, iu all its forms, is one of the most serious mat- ters that our country needs to consider and to correct, we are well, and too well, satisfied. In the patriotic and heroic days of the Roman repubUc, he was an enemy to his country who desired more land than he himself could use. But the power that conquered the world fin- ally crumbled through land monopoly. The Senate granted away the land and slavery usurped the labor of a once free people. Virtue vanished; men decayed; patriotism perished, and Rome was no more. May such history not repeat it- self in our proud land. Railroad Gi'.axts vs. Settleks Claims. — We are glad to notice that Congress is considesiug the the rights of the settlers who, in several states, have been ousted by railroad grants. Every honest Ameri- can believes that our pre-emtion laws were intended to protect actual settlers; and that no grant should be allowed to interfere with such rights. It is to be hoped that the settler will yet find pro- tection against schemers of every grade. But as long as greedy capital has the power, and dishonesty rules, there is little use in hoping. Every civilized nation in the world will take part iu the Centennial Expo- sitiou. The Commission have determined to close it on tho Sabbath — that is on Sunday, the Sabbath of the Christians. If they close on the Sabbath of every na- tion reiiresented there- -aud why should the nations be shocked in their moral sense by a failure to do so? — it will al- ways be closed. For the (ireeks they will close it on Monday; for the I'ersians on Tuesday : for tho .\ssyrians on Wed- nesday; for the Egyptians on Thursday; for the Turks, the' Arabs, and all Mo- hammedan nations on Friday; for tho Jews aud Seventh-day Baptists on Saturday, and for us Christians they will dose it on Sunday, and open the beer-garden for ns. — Louisinlle Courier Joiirmil. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 21 )( (lUiiptol and ^ixUx, ASSOCIATED CAPITAL AND CO- OPERATIVE LABOR. BY JOHN D. SCOTT, 51. D. t^'^HERE is no real and bona fide an- tagonism between labor and capital, per se. When, however, selfishness on the part of capitalists induces joki them to lessen the wages of their workmen without just cause, or greed on the part of the laborers influences them to indulge in the doubtful luxury of strikes, then there does arise antagon- ism, often of a tearful character. But these are really foreign and artificial ele- ments. They are not germain to either. As Wordsworth in his inimitable phrase- ology declares that " the child is father to the man," the one, in process of time, growing naturally out of the other, so capital is but a legitimate evolution out of labor. Capital could never have had an existence without labor. It is the representative, measure and exponent of labor; and there can be no more antag- onism between them than between the bunch of grapes and the vine that has produced it. So intimate is this union between capital and labor that, like "the meeting of the waters," they might be said to merge into one another, thus an- nihilating the idea of antagonism alto- gether. One is the compliment of the other, and could no more perform its appropriate functions, alone, than could the single blade of a pair of shears when separated from its fellow. They are mutually inter-dependent, not only for their prosperity, but for their very existence. No wrong-doing, therefore, no oppression, no extortion, on the one side, can long exist without entailing on that side the bitter fruits of loss of busi- ness, depreciation of values, loss of in- terest, loss of skillful workmen who seek other and more promising fields of enterprise, and, as often happens, the total breaking up and ruin of all inter- ests concerned. And, on the other hand, through the misguided counsels of trades-unions and unjustifiable strikes, hundreds and thousands of the working classes have been driven to the verge of starvation and plunged into indescrib- able ruin. These remedies have not only been shown theoretically to be inade- quate to the righting of the wrongs com- pliuned of, but practically, also; for the history of these uuuatural wars teaches us that they have always been disastrous to both parties. As these remedies have been found worse than useless, it is jiertinent to enquire what would be efl'ective ones. We confidently replj', in the first iilace, AN IN-CEE.1SE OF KNOWLEDGE. Ignorance is not more the mother of superstition than of error; and error leads to innumerable evils. The uni- versality of education, and the conse- quent dift'usion of knowledge, affords to capitalists and laborers the only known means of becoming thoroughly ac- quainted with themselves and with each other. It is the rising sun that dispels the darkness of the night and the mists of the morning. It teaches the capital- ist that money is not the panacea for "all the ills that flesh is heir to," and that it is not the smnmum bonum of hu- man effort; and the laborer, that "man lives not by bread alone." Something more is wanting to complete the sum of human happiness than capital and labor. These may be the means, but not the end of life. •* Life is real, life is earnest, And the grave ie not its goal; Dxist thou art, to dust returnest, Was not Bpokon of the soul." Culture — a higher plane of civilization — the full and complete development of human cajjabilities and possibilities, should be the goal of human ambition. We say, in the second place, that when this knowledge has been a'ttained — when capitalists and workmen thoroughly un- derstand each other — their mutual needs, their combined omnipotence for good— THIS KNOWLEDGE SHOULD BE P0T INTO PRACTICAL USE. A few htmdred years ago, even among Europeans, such a consummation would have been an utter impossibiUty. They had not yet been educated up to that plane. Even now, such an idea would be as incomprehensible to the Oriental mind as the transit of Venus to a Hot- tentot. But, thanks to Dickens and Eugene Sue in fiction, Beranger in song, John Bright and Owen in actual practice and Herbert Spencer in social philoso- phy, and millions of philanthropic pens and open purses everywhere, mankind is beginning to ho redeemed and disen- thralled from the superstitions and errors of the ages, and rendered capable of conceiving and establishing those grand industrial institutions that are to civilize and crystalize the best instincts and aspirations of humanity. These are the mighty influences that areslowly.but surely, lifting us to a higher level, as continents rise from the sea. We are but just entering upon this grand and glori- ous INDUSTRIAL EEA. Practical expression was given to it in the Paris Exposition; the reverberations were continued in the English Crystal Palace, and now they are echoed back in centennial thunders from the New World to the Old. In the City of Brotherly Love capital and labor will meet once more, face to face. Again will they join hands over the holy altar of civilization, and the heart's pulsations of each will be felt by the other. On that holy ground, consecrated to the best interests of man, will again be demonstrated, in the pres- ence of the assembled world, the great problem of the compatibility of capital and labor. And the world will now ac- knowledge the justness of the solution, inasmuch as many co-operative manu- factories, in various countries, can be pointed to as successful examples of co- operation. Among these, the great car- pet manufactory of John Bright will not be forgotten. It will be shown, among other facts, the larger the establishment — within reasonable bounds — the less the general and individual expense, and the greater the combined profit. When the operatives occupy one building their rents will be decreased fifty per cent. The same, or even a gi'eater per cent, can be saved when all the cooking is done in a common kitchen and the meals served in a common dining-room. The waste heat from the cooking ranges could be made to warm the entire establishment, the rooms occupied by the workmen and their families, as well as the various apartments where the work is done. A laundry could do the washing for the en- tire community at much less cost than it could be done by each familj' or worker separately. A hospital would accom- plish the same saving in the care of the sick. Of course, water-powers, a strip of timbered laud, grain fields and pas- tures, cows, poultry, etc., would all be deskleraia. Many other acquisitions which will suggest themselves to the reader, but which we have not space here to enumerate, would lessen the expenses and increase the economical workings of the institution. The great dining-hall could be made to do duty, on occasion, as a concert room, as a theater, for the purposes of a debating society, for the delivery of courses of lectures upon literature', art and science by distinguished scholars, and as a ball room. As " honor and fame from no condi- tion rise," in a community like this, endowed with the various tastes and tal- ents found in our common humanity, natural musicians, painters, sculptors, inventors, etc., would spring uj) and have abundant opportunities to develop and perfect their powers. In this age of "the making of many books" a library would only be a question of time. The com- munity could institute its own schools or send their children to the common schools. It would be a pleasant task to elabor- ate this article still further and run out these and other lines of thought to their legitimate conclusions. We might ad- vocate the establishment of a newspaper, a savings bank, a life insurance com- pany, and many other institutions in this our busy little world. We might dwell upon the well-known social princijjle that the bettering of the condition of the working classes, the increase of their education, and the cultivation of their tastes and talents vastly increases their wants and their capacity for enjoying the luxuries of life and the esthetic creations of genius. We might demonstrate that such a community, set down in a dull town, would soon galvanize it into com- mercial life and ensure a fortune to every one of its enterprising tradesmen. But we must leave the pursuit of these pleas- ing thoughts to our intelligent readers. Our lengthening lines admonish us that we are trenching upon our prescribed limits, and that we must bring this paper, which we wish we could have made more acceptable, to a speedy close. But, to make our institution a truly co-operative one, and to insure its suc- cess "beyond all lingering of doubt," the working men, women, and children employed, besides reasonable wages, should be allowed a certain per cent, on the net earnings of the institution. The effect would be m.agical. It would in- stantly transform a human ma<'hine into an interested, self-respecting worker. While working only for wages, the ma- chine cared only to get through the day's work as best he might and draw his wages every Saturday night. But as an interested stockholder — as a part owner — in the vast estate and buzzing machin- ery, with what different eyes he looks upon the busy little world around him ! He sees everything — hears everything. He encourages a despairing comrade here, chides a lazy one there, and re- proves careless ones everywhere. The processes of work which ho looked upon before with such stolid indiflerence, he now studies with the keenest relish, and makes vast improvements in the machin- ery wherever needed; and having liberal inducements ofl'ered him in the way of re'wards and payments for patents, this interest is hightened an hundred-fold, not only tor the benefit of the worker or inventor himself, but for that of the company at large. Thus the working men, the women, and even the children are raised to the plane of self-respect and self-assertion. The faculties of the mind are not only unfettered but developed to their utmost capacities. The shackles of blighting poverty, with its pinching cold and gnaw- ing hunger, fall from their limbs in broken links, never to be welded and worn again, for "revolutions never go backwards." Instead of having to trudge with long, weary steps to their work, they are on hand, in the same building with it. Their hearts are not weighed down with the bitter dew-drops of sorrow, nor their limbs stiftened by "November's surly blast." They do not go to their work with the last sigh of human dissolution on their lips, but with the cheerj' carol of the lark as he mounts up to greet the coming morn. Intelligence flashes from every eye, and the roses of health bloom upon every cheek. Let not, then, the noble band of work- ers in the holy cause of human progress despair. Let them remember that good seed in the moral world, like that in the physical, reproduces itself, and that its golden harvest will be garnered up, at last, in the great store-houses of "the good time coming." The bread cast upon the streams of industry, like the Kg3'ptian's wheat sown upon the flooded Nile, wiU return after many days, to feed, to clothe, to educate and to bless millions yet unborn. Thus is the human race to bo raised and enabled to fulfill their great mission, "to subdue the earth." Thus wiU mankind be brought to a per- fect comprehension of the laws of mind and matter — the great principles of the religion of science — that are to perfect their characters and bring them in closer harmony with the attributes of Deity. (fclucatioual PROFICIENCY WILL COMMAND SUCCESS. m — t'jj-S I lUBTLESS a thorough education is ][ . something to be desired and worthy iLll of the ambition and exertions of every young man. It is a life-long source of blessing. But to be half learned is ignorance. Education is not simply book-learning. It is something practical. To have the head filled with theory, and lack the ability to apply, is a burden. There is such a thing as be- ing educated to a point of usefulness; but the one who has stopped short of this is trtily an object of pity. Be edu- cated mechanics — be imderstand work- men, and the world wiJl want your ser- vices. "Proficiency will command." In almost any season of the year, in our cities and towns, numbers of men are to be seen who apparently have little or nothing to do. They live in a hand- to-mouth, semi-starvation way; com- plain loudly of hard times, no work, and gloomy prospects; curse the country and the people, and blame everything except themselves for their lot. In a country like this, where Nature seems to have exhausted her genius in creating a home for man: where every- thing conducive to comfort and happi- ness is all but spontaneous; a country that has but begun to develop it varied resources — it does appear strange, at first thought, that such can be the case, and we are naturally led to inquire. What is the cause of this? What reason can be assigned for it? It results from several very apparent causes. We will now notice but one. Among this class of men are representatives of almost every trade and profession, and although not the only reason, one of the chief causes of their idleness is to be found in the fact that these are generally ver}- inferior workmen. They are men who . have not thoroughly mastered their pro- fessions before setting out as journey- men. They are not educated mechanics. This flooding of the market with an inferior and unprofitable class of work- 22 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. B men ought not to be wondered at; it is but the natural offspring of our loose ^ apprentice 63'stem. A boy gets a year or two's experience at a trade or profes- sion and then he is off. There is no more for him to learn. He knows all about it; or, if he does not, he trusts to his "cheek" to help his ignorance over the rough places. No wonder that such men become "tramps." The imposition is too transparent to serve them long in one place, and they must go in quest of other victims. The printing trade fur- nish a good illustration of this evil. We are frequently visited by specimens of the genus "typo" — our cities swarm with them — who are out of employment. The difficulty in their case is that they spent a few months, perhaps a year, in some office, then conceived the desire for more wages and started. The consequence is they know nothing of their trade, ana must travel from place to place. No one wants him the second time. His mem- ory is like the flies in the apothecary's ointment. The establishment of schools of me- chanical arts would remedy this evil to a great extent, if the management of such institutions could be kept from the hands of ambitious and designing men. As this is almost impossible, and the Con- stitution of the United States will not permit us to adopt the system of ajipren- ticeship followed in other countries, but one way is left to solve this difficulty and secure skillful workmanship. Let em- ployers pay their men wages in projjor- tion to their merits, so that the impostor and the apprentice may understand that skill and proficiency are appreciated and remunerated, while a low grade of work- manship is a barrier to any and all suc- cess. Let the quality, and not the quantity of work done, be the basis of remuneration. Encourage the appren- tice to make himself master of his pro- fession. Show him that it is to his in- terest to be competent. We cannot compel boys to remain under our in- structions. We must appeal to their in- telligence and interests. In this way we think a vast amount of good might be accomplished, while, if we continue in the way our present course is tending, competent tradesmen will soon be a thing of the past. One word to the boys and young men who are anxious to be tradesmen. Thei'e is plenty of room yet in any trade for you. But you must be able to stand in the front ranks. It is crowded below, but there is room enough for you above. Good workmen are in demand, and al- ways will be, but anything less is already two plenty. The market is deluged with counterfeits and ordinaries. Keep to your place as a learner until you are a regular graduate. Strive to excel in whatever you undertake. Let none stand before you. If you are at the plow, be among the best plowmen; if you area mechanic, be among the first; if a lawyer, a doctor, a minister or a teacher, be one of the tallest. Stand where you will command. Never allow yoiirself to be satisfied until you are thorough — until you are master of every detail. No will- ing and competent man need long be un- eni])loyed, whatever his calling is. The world needs and demands the highest and fidlest development of your talents I and capacities, and is- ready U> pay for it. \ Vuu need havi! no fears of a proper ap- f preciatiou and ron the sys- tem. At any rate, it is by exposing evils that people are to become prepared to contest them. We quote parts of the report upon the use of the school fund: " Your committee believe that here, as in other divisions of the State economy, reform is practicable, and th.at discon- tinuance of State aid to the pubHcation of the Teacher, and of the application of the school fund to the maintenance of state and county institutes would relieve the people annually from taxes to the amount of forty thousand dollars; and so far as the institutes are concerned, by preventing the demoralization necessarily attendant on the interruption of school exercises, leave them in a more healthy and efficient condition." Only think of it, $-10,000, which should go towards educating our youth, spent to streughten the ring that sup- ports a lot of still more exi^eusive figure- heads. A ring that debars the people from choosing their own teachers, at such reasonable prices as fair competition would be sure to allow. The Teacher publication is of no real advantage in an educational point of view; but few out- side of the ring ever see it, or care to see it. As to the teachers' institute arrange- ment, it could be dispensed with without injury to the cause of education, even if to supi^ort it cost nothing. The Senate committee on retrench- ment next pitches into the County Su- perintendents' office as something su- perfiuous ; "Other subjects of questionable utility connected with the administration 'of the schools have not escaped observation, and it may be a matter of economic con- sideration to determine whether County Superintendents form any necessary part of the system; whether the duties per- formed by them are not more ornamental and expensive than useful, and whether the same services, almost without ex- pense, ought not to be imposed on some other officer. These offices cost the peo- ple annually $-13,G2'2. Should it prove, on examinotion, that the offiee is to a sinecure, its abolition would gi-eatly strengthen the fund that should be sac- redly dedicated to the education of the gi'o wing youth . " That is sensible talk. too. Over f 40,- 000 more of the people's taxes spent for the privilege of having schools graded to suit high-priced teachers who are often given places from motives of favoritism. We would like to see this matter of choosing teachers and the amount of their salaries left entirely with the school districts — brought home as closely to the people themselves, who pay the taxes and have children to educati% as possible. Then the outside school dis- tricts that get now only fnmi three to six months schooling in a year, could get at least ten months, and better schools at that. But the way scdiool matters are at present managed the taxpay10, 800 more of the money raised to teach the children. To send this ponder- ous burden through the mails over the State cost about $3,000 more, and nobody benefitted but the aforesaid ring. Our retrenchment committee next touches upon the system of granting teachers certificates: ' ' Keeping always in remembrance the vast sum that is now needed, and the much greater sum that will soon be re- quired to keep in successful operation this grand institution [public schools], and remembering that the greatest econ- omy should be observed, and that waste here is no more defensible than elsewhere when dealing with public funds, your committee are persuaded that unless rad- ical changes are inaugurated in the sys- tem of granting teachers' certificates, it will prove too burdensome for the public purse. The standard for admission to teach in the primary schools is too high. The nature, quality and character of the examination is often unreasonable, if not absurd, and requires a scale of pro- ficiency wholly inapplicable to element- ary ins"truotion. The eft'eet is to exclude from teaching a great many persons of experience and capacity, and to prevent competition for places; creates a monop- oly of the school house,; maintains a high salary for the favored teachers; makes the system unnecessarily expensive, and rewards one class of industry, by unequal distribution, beyond all others. The spirit of selfishness which surrounds with difficulties any attempt to obtain a teacher's certificate, finds a counterpart in the exclusive privilege accorded the school house to count a lunar a calendar month." Complaints have frequently been made ,0 us, by competent persons, that the granting" of certificates is often a matter of favoritism; also, that it is next to im- possible to get aposition to teach, except- ing through the influence of friends. The matter of teachers' salaries is fixed by the ring of functionaries, as is almost everything connected with schools. The grading business is another link to the chain that needs breaking. Honest com- petition among teachers is shut out. The trustees of school districts are responsible for nothing, and might as well be wooden men for all the power they have as to who shall teach, or .at what salaries, or how many mouths of school in a year the school money apportioned to their districts shall support, etc. It is the people's privilege to pay taxes, and grumble if they want to, and that is about all. Those who consuuie the money with high salaries, in preserving the dignities of their important positions, are set up as educators, and the children can get along with what little is left for high-priced, patronizing teachers. Until the tax payer and the parent de- mand that these" abuses be renuHiied, il will not be thorougldy done. So long as there is power and pay open to olUce- sieki'i-s, there will be found an abund- ance of men ready to seek such offices, and to defend tliem. We believe that there is intelligence and principle enough among the people to comprehend the im- portance of this question, and to at once demand a complete reform. We hope every club, literary society, and Grange will canvas this subject with reference to bringing about a more economical, just and beneficial condition of educational affairs, for the sake of right and the good of the rising generation. gouoeliold Reading, UP-COUNTRY LETTERS—NO. 2. BY EACHEL A. ELY. %0 the mountains! Yes, so the doc- tor orders; and in languid enthusi- asm I assent, feeling that anything would be better than this continued sameness. The very wall-paper is tiresome to me, and the never ending noise and confusion of the crowds in the streets coming and going weary me, while the everlasting eagerness and en- ergy of buyers and sellers puzzle me. What a wonderful enigma is life! and what a work we make of it, too! Why not take it a little bit easier, go slower and enjoy more, instead of rushing it through, as they mostly do, making a labor of enjoyment, even? Why, half my lady friends are literally stores to so- ciety and fashion, and the men are slaves to business and money making, while the children are slaves to book-learning; and none but we invalids seem to take a thought of to-morrow and the soul's needs. Ah, well, I do believe I shall enjoy the fresh mountain air, the blue sky, away from fogs, and smoke, and breath of crowds. Green grass and growing crops, daisies and buttercups (when I am able to gather them), and the kind, motherly housewives, in simple calico, who sing as they churn the yellow cream; the golden-haired children, dressed for com- fort, playing under the trees and simply happy, because healthy; the g ntle low of the cows, nipping the green grass; the whistle of the menfolks at work in the fields —all this flo:its over my vision. And folding my thin hands, I close my eyes and wonder if indeed I shall grow strong in those new scenes, and ever take my place again among the busy throngs, and do anything to help the world along. No cue misses me now save the few who attend my daily wants. But would it be the same if I were well •and strong once more, active and full of life, helping the poor and needy and en- couraging the failing, giving words of counsel to the weak and sickly, who, like myself, are battling against disease and perhaps death for our portion of health and strength? How I wonder if I ever sludl fill so large a field of useful- ness, and know I should be missed if not there to fill it! Fearing that I never shall has urged me to do my feeble best now, and this is my excuse, dear readers of the Aaiiicui.TUKisT, for writing these Up-Country Letters. GRANDFATHER'S NO. 6, LETTERS- EVENTS OF THE LAST CEKTTJEY — INOLE- WOOd's EEPLY. Thank you, dear Aunt Mary, for ycnir very candid answer to the questions about which I was so solicitous, and tlic^ encouragement you give for the continu- ance of the conespondcnce. You must even be of my way of thinking in this matter, viz: that serious subjects can \h- discussed more coolly and dispassionately California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. in bone. The breast does well for kitch- en dinnel- nicely stufl'ed, and is much cheaper than the other joints. Sirloins and ribs of beef are very ex- travagant joints from the weight of bone. The roasting side of the round part of the buttock, and the part called the "top side," are the most i^rciitable for family eating. The mouse buttock is used fcr stewing; shin is used for soup or stew- ing. Washing Woolen Blankets. — A lady writing for the Household gives her j3ro- cess for washing woolen blankets: For two or three blankets take one pint of soft soap, two tablespooufuls of powdered borax and dissolve in boiling water. Add the solution to a tub half filled with cold water, and large enough to contain the blankets; let them stand entirely covered by the solution from twelve to twenty- four hours, then squeeze and rub tho- roughly, but do not wring them; jjut in a basket over a tub and let them drain. Kinse in clear cold water and drain twice, then rinse in blue water, drain and hang up to dry. Be sure to use cold water and not wring during the process, then the blankets will not shrink, but will dry white and smooth. Favorite Bread Pudding. — One pint of breadcrumbs; one quart of rich sweet milk; beaten yolks of four eggs; stir all together and bake in a moderately hot oven till done. Add one heaping tea- spoonful of white sugar to the whites of the eggs ; beat to a froth ; turn it over the pudding and return to the oven to brown slightly. To be eaten with cream and sugar, or pudding sauce, if desired. If wished very nice, a little currant or other jelly may be placed on the top of each dish as it is served at table. To ruin oil-cloths, clean them with hot water or soap-suds, and leave them half wiped, and they will look very bright while wet, and very dingy and dirty when dry, and soon crack and peel off. But if you wish to preserve them, and have them to look new and nice, wash them with soft flannel and luke-warm water, and wipe thoroughly dry. If you want them to look extra nice after they ara dry, drop a few tablespooufuls of milk over them, and ruli them with a small cloth. — Hural Home. Spectacle Wipers. — These are easy presents, and nice ones. You must cut out of soft chamois leather, two perfectly round pieces an inch and a half across, and bind the edges neatly with narrow ribbon of auj' color you like. Fasten the circles together at the side with a small bow. This is all, but you will find that grandpapa will like it very much. It takes almost no room in his pocket, and is always at hand when he wishes to wipe his glasses, which he is sure to do several times a day. A little fellow, who was at a neigh- bor's house about noon the other day, watched the preparations for dinner with great interest, but when asked to stay and eat something he promptly re- fused. "Why yes .lohnny, you had bet- ter stay," said the lady; "why can't you?" "Well 'cause," said the little fellow, "ma said I mustn't unless you ask me three times." They invited him twice more right off. The shortest way the best — Mamma (to Ethel, on their waw to the latter's first part3') " Now, mind, darling, if J you see any nice things on the table that you'd like to eat, you mustn't ask for hem." Ethel — "O, no, mamma! — I'll ake them." — Punch box. I like it fully as well as bath-brick. We have been papering the house, and have found what we consider an improve- ment on the old plan of dipping the strips of cloth into the paste. We put the paste, with a brush, on the boards, then put the strip on dry and run the paste-brush over it once or twice, and it lays down smooth with no trouble of unrolUng the edges. AVe put on news- papers between the wall-paper and the boards in the same maimer. Looking over an old number of the AaKicuLTURisT, I saw an article in which the writer advocated grafting or budding lemon trees with orange cions, giving as a reason that the trees will bear two or three years sooner than without grafting. We would like to hear from those who have tried this method of bringing their tr^es into earlier bearing. Which is the safer, to graft or bud — and when? How old should the lemon trees be from the seed? PLAIN CAKE. One cup of sugar, two eggs, one and a half cups of flour, two tablespooufuls of butter, gi-ated rind and juice of one lemon, one teaspoonful of soda, two of cream of tartar, four tablespoonfuls of sweet milk. CREAM CAKE. One cup of sour cream, two cups of flour, one cup of sugar, one teaspoonful soda, one egg. Flavor with vanilla. Will some of my sister house-keepers give me a receipt for lemon pies? NOTESFROm CORRESPONDENTS Editor Ageicultuelst : I noticed in your January number "A Devoted Sub- scriber" inquiring how to wash colored flannels so as to have them soft and bright. I never have any trouble, and this is how I do mine: I use suds that is almost cold, rubbing them immedi- ately upon putting in the water, and rinsing in perfectly cold water, hanging them wrong side out in a good, airy Ijlace to dry quickly. If the sun is not very hot I hang them in it, but in Sum- mer I prefer the shade. Some put a few drops of sulphuric acid in the suds, but I do not, fearing it would rot them. Yours, L. p. Me. Editoe: Can any of your lady readers tell me how to make mushroom catsup? I am verj' anxious to know how, as it is very nice. An Inqctiree. Dear Editor AftEicULTUEisT : Will not some of your young lady readers tell me how to make those pretty, coral fancy ornaments out of grape-vine branches and egg shells? I saw one the other day, and would so like to make some. .-\-LICE. Selected Recipes, Etc. Hints About Meat. — Pepper is a pi-e- ventive of decay in a degree ; it is well, therefore, to pepper hung joints. Powdered charcoal is still more re- markable iu its effect. It will not only keep the meat over which it is sprinkled good, but will remove the taint from al- ready decaj'ed flesh. A. piece of charcoal boiled in the water with " high" meat or fowls, will render it or them quite sweet. A piece of char- coal or powdered charcoal should be kept in every larder. Hams, after being smoked, may be kept for any length of time packed in powdered charcoal. The leg of mutton is the most profita- ble joint, containing most solid meat. The neck is the most extravagant joint, half the weight consisting of bone and fat. The shoulder has also much waste health. These, going hand in hand, each promotes, or should promote, the other. But what is the best health iu all these departments, without compan- ionship? This may be most observable in childhood. A child suddenly comes on some new object of interest — a flower, a new one it greatly admires. Is that child content to admire it alone? No ; it is plucked to carry to her companion — her mother, perhaps, whose mutual ad- miration doubles her own joy. If that mother turns from the flower in disgust, it disappoints and dampens the ardor of thai child's joy. So, in the intellectual, moral and spiritual, we may have lone- some joy; but how is it enhanced by congenial, suitable, sympathizing com- panionshii)! Such, dear .^.unt Mary, is Inglewood's reply to a portion of your letter. Will it elicit a reponse from any member of your family circla? Very truly, Inglewood. Men as Lovers. — In the first place, it is an imposition on any well-bred girl to keep her up later than half-past ten o'clock, when you have the opportunity of seeing her often. If you alw.ays leave her with the wish in her heart that you had stayed longer, you gain so much. Never run the risk of wearying her with your presence. Be just as earnest and straightforward as in your honorable dealing with men. Impress your friends with the worthiness and seriousness of your love, so that vulgar and senseless bantering will appear to them as such. Love is religion — the supremest happi- ness, wear it manfully and proudly, but holily. Woo a woman bravely. If there is anything humiliating to a woman, it is to have a lover, whom she wishes to honor, weak and vapid, ever yielding and half afraid of her. She longs to tell him to "act like a man." The man who con- ceals or denies his love for fear of being laughed at, is a coward. X love that has no element of divinity in it is not love, but passion, which, of itself, has nothing enobling. That was a beautiful inscrip- tion on an engagement ring, "Each for the other, and both for God." — Miss Ah- hie Terry. Jlomcotic io FAMILIAR TALKS— No. 6. BY SNIP. ■Y deaf " Busy Bee," do not think |i me ungrateful for the advice about my chickens. Owing to the late receipt of the Ageicultdrist, a .4„^ portion of my letter for .Tanuary was written before I had the pleasure of reading your letter. So far as I have put "Busy Bee's" suggestions into practice, the result is satisfactory. I had my attention called, the other day, to a rather novel article used for scouring knives. The materials required are a piece of board about four or five inches wide and about as long as a knife blade, and a piece of heavy carpet as wide as the board and twice as long. One half the carpet, lengthwise, is nailed to the board, the other half being left loose. The brick-dust is placed on the carpet, the knife is placed on it, the other piece laid on the knife and held with the hand while the knife is drawn in and out. Apparentlv, the work is done easier and quicker tliau by the old method of using a rag and brick-dust. For some time past I have been using the sand that falls from the grind-stone into the water- with the pen than viva voce. More apt I ' are we to make slips of the tongue which > cannot be recalled, than we are of the I pen; so I cheerfullj' accede to your sug- gestion as to what are my views of that I ulterior object I may have in view — mat- I rimony; also, as to those sterling mascu- I line ([ualities, equally essential as the feminine ones on the other side. More than a quarter of a century ago I remember to have heard man, and wo- I man too, in a single state, compared to j the separate halves of a pair of scissors. ' True, they can exist and not wear out any quicker in this separate condition; 1 but these halves, when brought together I iu a perfect match and fit — how nicely ' they do their work! what useful instru- ' ! ments they are! Though this is a very poor analog}', it seems to show the in- completeness of man alone; that there I is something more wanting; a yearning I for companionship iu all th':- departments I of our nature, from the physical up to the very highest — the spiritual. As in the scissors comparison there must be adaptability, a fitness of parts, just so iu the other case —in the physical condi- tions and circumstances; in the intellec- tual, tastes and sentiments; in the moral, right and WTong; in the spiritual, hopes, expectations and aspirations; and what are all these, wandering tnrough life's dreary path alone, as compared with what they are in congenial, suitable com- panionship, by one's own fireside? Such, dear Aunt Mary, is the compan- ionship I am hunting for; and for life's results in this direction I assure you I feel no little responsibility, extending even into the next world. Under one or other of these departments of our na- ture are to be found those sterling mas- culine qualities of our nature (and femi- nine quaUties, also), that iu conjunc- tion are so promotive of happiness. To reply to your inquiries with equal can- dor and frankness with your own good letter, I begin with the physical condi- tions and circumstances. Here it is for you to judge how my choice coincides with my principles. 5Iy principle is, that man being the chooser, having the wide world before him, being the more positive agent, on him must rest by far the greater responsibiUty; and that it is only by promoting the happiness of her whom he takes to his bosom that he promotes his own. Therefore, I have to ask myself how far and to what ex- tent are the darling Angle's condition and circumstances to be altered by the changes in homes I propose for her. .\ country life, as she has been accustomed to, and the interior department consigned wholly to her care, I may hope in time that "it may conform wholly to her wishes. She will have to trust to my love, my honor and efforts for tny en- deavors to make it so; but mainly to the first of these, for if that abounds the others flow forth spontaneously. Of Angle's sterling feminine qualities I am well convinced, fori have been a close ob- server, and it now remains for Aunt ilary, dear JIa and the beloved Angle herself to scrutinize the quahties of In- glewood on the other side and from the same standpoint; and I may hope to be allowed they should have the opportu- nity to do so. I claim for him to be free from a love of club-room pleasures, and all those of a more sensual nature, that lead men from the love of and study of the welfare of their families to mere selfish gratification. I know, too, how he appreciates physical health as of the very utmost importance ; that neither man nor woman should enter the sacred precincts of matrimony without it; and how it is best promoted by being joined with intellectual, moral and spiritual California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Women, Going- Away. And so you'll soon he goine away, 3Iy darling little Bess; Aud HO you ha' been to the store to-day To buy your wedding dress. And so yoiir dear good mother and I, Whose love you long have known, Must lay the light of your presence by. And walk the road alone. So come along with your mother an' me. To the porch for an hour or two, Aud Kit on yotir old father's knee. The same as you used to do; For we who ha' loved yoti many a year. And clung to you, strong and true. Since we've had the yoimg professor here Ha' not had much of you. But lovers be lovers while earth endures, for once on a time, be it known, I helped a girl with eyes like yours Construct a home of our own. And we laid it out in the garden spot. And dwelt in the midst of flowers. Till we found the world was a good-sized lot. And most of it wasn't ours. You're heavier, girl, than when you come To us one cloudy day. And seemed to feel so little at home We feared you wouldn't stay. Till I knew the danger was passed, because You struck so mortal a track. And got so independent and cross God never would let you back . But who would ever ha' had the whim. When you lay in my arms and cried, You'd sometime .sit here, pretty and prim, A waitin' to be a bride? But lovers be lovers while earth goes on, And marry as they ought; But if you would keep the heart you've won, liemember what you've been taught. Look lirst that ymr wedded lives be true. With naught from each other apart: For the flowers of true love never grew In the soil of a faithless heart. Look next that the buda of health shall rest Their blossoms upon your cheek; For life aud love are a burden at best, If the body be sick and weak. Look nest that your kitchen tire be bright, That your hands be neat aud skilled; For the love of a man oft takes its flight. If his stomach is not well filled. Look next that money is fairly earned. Ere ever it be spent; For comfort and love, however turned, Will ne'er pay ten per cent. And next, due care and diligence keep That the mind be trained and fed; For blessings ever look shabby and cheap That light an empty head. And if it should please the gracious God That children to you belong, Kemember, my child, and spare the rod Till you've taught them right nud wrong. And show 'em that though this life's a start For the better world, no doubt. Yet earth an' heaven ain't so far apart As some good folks make out. -[WillJ. Carleton. WOmAN'S WORK --CONGRATU- LATIONS. •^\ («<#DITOR Agricultueist;— Will you q!! permit a few words of greeting IjN from a stranger? Not entirely a fpK stranger, but it is only within a S'§^ short time that the A(iRiC[JLTURiST has oome under our observation, and Tipon the coming out of your January number, we were strongly moved to send you our congratulations upon its new dress and improved a])pearance. Hav- ing a fine corps of able contributors, with its increased beauty and attnictive- ne.ss, it must coiitiiiiie to grow and de- velop to full perfection. It has not now a peer among iirsl-class and impartial .jnuruids. I am told, Sir Editor, that this beauti- ful design and ingenuity of construction of the AGEiccTLTtrEisT's present attire is a woman's work. If it is so, -n'e are proud of it. Nothing so satisfies us for being a woman as to know and see what useful, beautiful and grand things wom- en have done aud can do. We honor our own sex more and more every time we hear of a woman's ha\ing done, or attempted to do anything that ennobles ;tnd endows her with the qualifications for advancing humanity's interests, mak- ing the world better for her having lived in it. Whether every undertaking is a successor not doesn't matter; effortouly proves the ability, as a sex, to ilo, to be, and eventually to compel the world's recognition and appreciative plaudits of power and of worth. But what we wished to say was this: that you, with your generous recognition of feminine ability, and sympathy with its present position socially aud intellec- tually, will not omit to give this work its full meed of praise and justice. We are sure you Arill not, for you know, dear sir, that as the matter stands to-day wo- men get but very little share of praise or encouragement for what they do, try to do, or for what they in reality accom- plish. Masculinity (God bless the men, anyhow) gets the lion's share of the credit for even women's labor and achievement, in this nineteenth century. We venture to say, however, that a large proportion of all the elegancies of de- sign and execution, in almost every line aud province of human labor and suc- cess, if it could be found out, is tracea- ble to the busj', aching brain, the toil- ing, weary fingers of women behind the scenes. And to think of it! so much — oh, so much of the beauty, gi-ace and perfection of the artistic, so much of the utility of the useful, which will be ex- hibited at Philadelphia, has received enough of woman's best thought and best work to forever immortalize us as artisans of handicraft; and wrought, too, by women of the deepest obscurity, the severest toil, the most abject and com- Ijlete social and mental enslavement. But as a .sex, we will j'ield the point gracefully and prettily, as we can now, fully confident that when the American nation shall have another Centmnial, wo- man will then come, not in the reiir but in the van, standing where she should have stood, not only 100 years ago but from the beginning of Time. Therefore, as we women cannot, and would not if we could, do without the men, we will still continue to humor their peculiarities and whims, because we sincerely believe that if ever they do come to their senses their rejiaration will be so full and com- ]ilete that they will be in daiiger of err- ing as far the other way, to wit: of do- ing us, in degree, as much too much honor as now they do us too little. Your jjardon, sir, for want of brevity. Wo did not contemplate this tirade in the beginning; indeed, we had nothing to say, except to tell you how nicely your new paper looked, and also how glad we are to know that women designed and engraved its title page. And now, if this should not prove objectionable, we may, with your permission, have some- thing further to say about our sex, to- gether with matters and things in gen- eral. (!. H. 1). San Jose. Oranges near Sonoma. — The Dmio- errit says that (Jeneral Vallejo has '200 Uourishing orange trees. 100 of them are in full bearing. As many as (100 or- anges have been taken from one tree. He has, jjerhaps, the largest nundier of pomegranate trees in any one place in the State — fifty bearing trees. He has a full grown magnolia and a biiuana tree. fyxxt^^mAtmt. "DEEP PLOWING" REPLIES. Editor AoRicnLxnEisT: — Permit me to reply briefiy to Mr. Burrell's crilique on "deep plo\ving." He starts out with saying that mountain lands will not ad- mit of deep plowing. That may be so, but I dare affirm that but few, if any, have tried it; so that is merely a matter of opinion, and is a mere evasion of my facts. His next statement is, that the wheat plant has no tajj-root, and charac- terizes my statement as mere "asser- tion." I am sorry to find any one pro- fessing to be a farmer capable of making such a statement, which is its own refu- tation. This denial is so simple and ex- plicit as to be unpardonable. Any far- mer can siitisfy himself as to the tenden- cy of the whe:it plant under the differing conditions of deep and shallow plowing. Four years ago I deeply plowed part of a field one mile from San Jose, that had been consecutively cropped for ten years, and was thought to be worn out. It had never been plowed more than three inches deep before. It is a fine sandy loam and sutlers considerable from drouth. I han- dled the soil strictly according to my ex- perience. I had a hohhy — thoroughly pul- verizing the soil and then consolidating with a heavy roller after the grain was up. On the part deeply plowed I had as heavy a crop as the first that was ever raised upon it. On the part plowed about three inches deep, I had ;ibout eight sacks to the acre. So much for facts. This is but one instance among many with the same results. It is a little amusing how your correspondent in- stances his " garden ' ' aud ' ' grape patch " in which he experimented with deep culture, as an offset to my facts about deep plowing. I have no doubt that any one can spoil a garden patch of virgin soil, as his must have been twenty years ago, by trenching it two feet deep. It must have been a curious "hobby," that stimulated our friend to such un- timely and excessive digging. But I was not writing about a garden or grape patch. I ventured a few thoughts to practical far- mers— to men who can discriminate be- tween a garden patch of virgin soil an/1 an exhausted wheat field; and I stated facts which canuotbe controverted. I have tested this thing so thoroughly, with the assistance' and in the presence of the best advised and most scientific farmers, and under differing conditions of soil and climate, and do not know of a single instance where deep plowing on exhaust- ed hinds, followed with the culture I in- sisted on in my December article, has not been productive of the most satisfac- tory results; and when shallow plowing has been a total failure alongside of it. NEW AGRICULTURAL PATENTS. Issurd by rim UiiUecl States Palfiit Of- lUe from Dec. l!ltli, to.Iun. Hill. flu-ported for the California AGRIcU[.TtrRieT by Louis Bugger & Oo., Solicitors of Patents, Washington, P. C.l Ivotary Spade Cultivators, 1> \V lirodiiex, ^o. 'UocK F lioBsford, Now York, N. Y. (iraiu I'ouvcyer Sluill, Henry I Chase, IVo- ria, Illinois. Fences, Wm A Couch, Ilanuibcl, Nevada. Corn I*lante)-s, Coiu-iid (Irueiner, Dale, \\'is. Plowing and Seeding Machines, D McVaw, Gallatin, Texas. Plows, Josejjh Philips, Smithton, Illinois. Butter Carriers, B F Roberts, Bennington, Vermont. Gang Plows, Timothy M Shaw, Lebanon, Tennessee. Hay Lo;ider8, Clias M Young, Meadville, Pa. Sway Bar CJuides for Ha:'\-efterB, W R Baker, Chicago, Illinois. Grain Separators, D H Caswell, Nashville, Tennessee. Seed Phuiters and Fertilizer Distributers, M P Curlee, Corinth, Mriss, Fences, Jno Dwver, Marion, Oliio. Hand Seed Planters, Thos J Hubbell, Napa City, Cal. Reciprocating Chums, Wm McKinley, Bel- lare, Ohio. Cultivators, E B Moore, Bell's Mills, Ala. Feediuf,' Belts and Partitions for Corn Shell- crs, Wm B Quaiton, Freeman, Ohio. Corn Drill, Jno R Rude, Liberty, Ind. Grain Separatoi-8. C F" Buttertield, Garden City, Minn. Adjustable Locks aud Dogs for Hay Eleva- tors, J R Fitshous, Centre Hall, Pa. Grain Meters, B M Sulliam, Tolmo, III. Reel Rakes for Harvestei'S, R C Taylor. Brockport, N Y. Milk Coolei'8 aud Heaters, M L Bush, Hunt- ington, Ohio- Self Rakes for Reajjer, S B Gillsland, Salis- bury, Mo. Corn Ilusking Iinplementa, H W Hill, Deca- tur, III. Plows, Henry II Habley, Cent i-al Manor, Pa. M;inutactuie of Grian Cradle i^iugers, C P Kelsey. Richmondville, N Y. Grain Separators, L Theobald, Plaiuwell," Michigan Churn D;)sherB, Jno R Underwood, Nelson- ville, Ohio. Wheel II.arrows,FBramer, Little Falls, N. Y. Churn Dashers, R M Case, Auburn, N Y. Plows, N G Pinney, New Hudson, Mich. Combined Reels iuid Rakes for Harvesters, H Stoles, Philadelphia, Pa. Hooks for Harrows, J D Tracy, Sterling, Illinois. Plows, Jno Wori'ell. Clayton, Ind. Bee Hives, Daniel Cox, Kingston, Mo. Convei-tible Revolving Harrows, Beuj G Devoe, Kenton, Ohio. Milk Coolers, M D Fei-guson, Carthage, New York. Grain Separators, Lewis W Hasselman, In- dianapolis, Ind Poiato Diggers, Robert Heydemann, Kreb- sow, Prussia. Clover Separators, Geo F Metzger, West F;iyetle, N. Y. Milk Coolers, Isiiac IT Wonzer, Elgm, III. Churns, Daniel McCarty, Croppers' Depot, Kentucky. Appaiatus for Storing and Preserving Grain, Hans P C Lassen, Chicago, III. Gang Plows, J 1{ McCormick, Georgetown, Texas. Corn Stalk Knives, Peter C Moore, La F;iyette, Ohio. Portable Fences, Isaiah W Pancoast, Liber- tyville, Io\v;t. Di-:ig rake Handles, Ilugli Smitii, Passumsic, Vermonl. Portable Feiu-es, Horace Tell, Bristol, Md. Churns, ,l:unes Watson, Port Colborne, Canada. Stump Extractors, J A Hart, Tionesta, Pa. Hoi-se Riikes, Chas B Perkins, Keiiduskeag, Maine. Cultivators, Josluia Pierpont, Bnslmell, III. Horse Rakes, Wm C Rayuoi', Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Sulky Plows, H Ridiardson, Janesville, Wis. I'l(n\s, ,Ino .Scwell, Bowdon. (^ieorgia. Drills anil Fcriili'/or Distributers. Aladiui \\ isliart, Lurulicrlon, N C. (iniiu Hinders. .) K .Vpplebv, Beloit, Wis. Plows, Asa Hiill, Rocliford", III. harm dales, Wm J Hollis, DeVVitl, Mo. Fruit I'i(-k(-rs, John Mooney, Provlden the atmosphere and soil, with warm '^f, weather, showers, etc., is likely to make the growth of grain very ten- cj" der, so that it will lodge before its time for ripening, and be predisposed to attack by rust. JIany of our most ob- serving and practical farmers find it necessary to either pastm'e down their grain fields with sheep or cattle, or else to run a mower through them to cut back and check the soft growth. A good, early stock of roots is well enough, and is even an advantage to gi'ain, no matter how good the season rnay be, but it will not do to allow a tender growth of stalks prematurely. If pastured or mowed to the ground, the fields of grain will start up again in dryer and sunnier weather, with healthy, strong stalks, ca- pable of standing alone and healthy enough to resist the attacks of fuiuji, so destructive and to be dreaded. Of course, we can give uo instruction in this mat- ter to experienced farmers in this coun- try, but call attention to it for tho bene- fit of such as may be inexperienced. Where a field of early sown or volun- teer grain shows that it is likely to be choked with weeds and foul stuff', it is bettet to cut it for hay and to pasture it, than to allow tlie weeds to rule and ruin. We have known cases where it paid to resow the fields with seed after the grain was several inches high, and cultivate the seed in and tho green stuff out by thoroughly working the surface with plow- tooth cultivators and harrowing finely. The crop of grain from the last sowing would be clean and as fine as possible. Where one has a use for ha}', as every farmer should have, with good stock to eat it, or where the market for hay is within easy reach by team or railroad, a crop of hay often proves more remunera- tive than one of grain. We think it ad- visable to make hay of such portions of grain fields as are likely to lodge badly, or that are foul, at any rate. In the vi- cinity of San Jose, many fields are sown with wheat yearly for hay. Many far- mers when they sow their seed, do not know whether they will make hay or grain, but calculate on being governed by circumstances over which they have no control. If the growth is more fa- vorable for grain, then let it stand; but if it shows too rank a growth for grain, aud promises better returns as hay, or if it commences to rust, it is made at once into hay. There are chances to be taken in farming in California, but the wise farmer will take advantage, even of chances. Now is a good time to poison squirrels. Use plenty of strychnine aud phospho- rus. Probably phosphorus is the best dead-shot, when well prepared, of any poison known, patent poisons not ex- cepted. In boiling water phosphorus will easily dissolve. To six lbs. of brown sugar put two quarts of water, and bring to a boil in an iron kettle; then take from the stove into the open air out of doors, add five sticks of phosphorus and stir till dissolved. Put this into a peck of w'heat aud stir, mixing flour till it is dry enough to handle conveniently. The rodents will like this prepared wheat, and it will surelj' kill every one that eats a single kernel. It is not dangerous to handle in this way, except with the bare hands, which in no case should be done. Ground squirrels aud unikground poli- ticians cost the farmers too much to be allowed their own way in this State much longer. FLAX CULTURE. The Coast counties in this State find the culture of flax profitable, simply for the seed, which is contracted for by the oil factory in Sau Francisco. In the hot interior valleys but little flax is grown. A temperature and degree of moisture in the atmosphere favorable to the growth of oats appears to be also best for flax. We hope to see the time when tho fibre will be utilized on this Coast, aud flax culture become more general. Mr. Wil- son Watson, in tho Iowa iSfoife Jiejjhler, \irites the following facts which are inter- esting: In 1873, throughout the world there were over 3,000,01)0 acres in flax, Kussia had 1,600,000 acres and the United States 61,20-1, or less than half of " Ould Ire- laud," which had lii), 4:3-2 acres. Derry, Down and Tjrone, in Ulster, Ireland, had 4,0S0 more acres in flax than the en- tire United States. Ireland has 21,000,- 000 acres of hind, while in 1S70 the United States had 408,000,000, of which 218,000,000 were unimproved. Flax cul- ture should be in America what it is in Russian and Ireland, an avenue of pri- vate and public prosperity. In 1870 thirty-three states in the Union raised over 27^000,000 pounds of flax, the bulk of which was sacrificed by being deviled into flax "moss," for upholster- ers' use in place of hair. Instead of this, had it been properly fixed for man- ufacture, the United States annual ex- penditure of §25,000,000 for flax aud its manufacture might have been materially reduced. Now this could be easily ac- complished through the Flax-puller of Tyler and Decorticator of Lefranc, the newest and finest flax machines in the world. During the past twenty years the United States expended three hundred and fifty-four million dollars on flax and its manufactures, the bulk of which could and should have been furnished by the United St.ates. During the past twenty years America more than doubled its wheat exportation to England, while Russia decrea,sed more than one-half. In 1874 (nine months) America sent 58 per cent, of England's entire wheat supplies, or nearly six times more than Russia, which only sent 11 per cent. America also received nearly 7 per cent, more for its wheat than Kussia, amply demonstrating the superiority of American over Russian wheat. Wheat land is best for raising flax. America makes no eflbrt to secure a slice of England's flax and hemp trade, worth nearly §100,000,000 jier annum, monop- olized by Russia, but annually buys mil- lions of dollars' worth of raw flax of Russia and its manufacturers of Eng- land. When will this suicid.al importa- tion cease? America excels Russia in wheat; it could also surpass Russia in flax. Rice Culture in Louisiana. The following in regard to rice culture we glean from southern exchanges, be- lieving it will be interesting to many of our readers. We expect the time to soon arrive when the culture of rice will becoiLi a profitable industry in California upon reclaimed marsh and tide lands: Before the war almost all tho rice grown in the United States was raised on the immense plautatiohs in South Carolina. Special attention being given by the planters in that State to the selec- tion of good seed, aud the thorough irri- gation and culture of the fields, a supe- rior quality has been produced which brings in the New York market a cent a pound more than the imported Rangoon or I'atua. Immense injury was done to these low lands by the neglect conse- quent on the war, the dykes being bro- ken down, the system of drainage de- stroyed and everything allowed to go to ruin. So widespread was the destruc- tion that the crop is now not equal to one-fourth of w hat it was in 1860. It is estimated that the jjroductiou was about half a million barrels of rice. Louisiana has entered as a competitor for this trade, with prosiJects of great success on account of her suitable soil and climate. In the old days of slavery only a small quantity had been raised in the State, amounting to about seven thousand barrels in 1800. Instead of decreasing, like the cr(.p in South Caro- lina, the production increased during the w.rriptiiiii, CHEAP FOR THE MILLION ! TBE ZOOI^OGItWVL OARUEA'S, ■Which he has established on his KTonnds as a Grand Summer Park, detract nothing; fmni tlie NURSERY DEPARTMENT uf his business, but all work in harmony. Next Spring he will otlVr for sale, near his Famous Gardens, a number of beautifully ornamented liOT.S FOR RESIDENCES, But more about that anon. What is now of most interest to the public is the fact that O'DONN ELL is selling nil varieties of Superior Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Plants. Give him a call. SA-1^ JOSE SAVIE^GS BANK, 280 Sa)ita Clara Street. CAPITAL. STOCK - - SOOO, 000 Piiid ill Capiiiil (Gold Coin) - $:{00,OUO Officers;— President, John H. Moore; Vice- President. Cary Peebles; Cashier, H. H. Reynolds. Dive^ctors:— John H.Moore, Dr. B.Bryant, S. A. Bisliup, Dr. W. H. Stuue, Cary Peebles, S. A. Clark, li. Messing. NEW FEATURE: This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts." bearing interest at C, Hand 10 percent per annum; inter- est payable promptly at the end of six months from date of deposit. The "Receipt" maybe transferi'ed by indorsement and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also al- lowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of dejiosit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe keeping of Bonds, Stocks, Papers, Jewelry. Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trilling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Currency, at reueonablc rates. Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. THE CHICKEHmG PIAITO Has al-wayB taken the lead as a FIRST CLASS INSTRUMENT! But witli all the WONDEEFUL IMPEOVEMENTS Kecenlly made, it is cunsidcri'd, by good judges, to be FAB. ZU ASVAI7CB Of auy Piano luaLle on the wliolo I'aitc of the Earth ! 11^ Their New style, Overstrung, Upright Piano contains improvements found in no other. Please rail and examine. KDIITH i'b KYDRR (Jewell rs). Acenla, 400 First Street, WiUox Kloek, SAN JOSE. Lock© c& Moxxtague, $ IMPOln'KRS AND DEALERS IN ? Stoves, I Pumps, w Iron Pipe; Tinware &o. 112 and 114 Battery St., SAN FllANlIstO. FARS¥iERS' UNION. (Suecessors to A. Phistek & Co.) Cor. Second and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. MISCELLANEOUS. SAN JOSE IHSTITUT CAPITAL WILLIAM ERKSON H. E. HILLS $100,000. rrcsi.leut. Manager. DIRECTORS: Wm. Erksnn, J. P. Durtley, L. F. Chipnian, David Campbell, Horace Little, James Singleton, C. T. Settle, E. A. Braley, Thomas E. Snell. B3" Will do a General Mercantile Business. Als(^, receive deposits, on which such interest will be allowed as may be agreed upon, and make loans on approved security. mWM NAIMAL m lANE Paid «ii Capital (gold coin) ... . $r»00,000 AiitUoi-izeil Capital $1, OOO, 000 John W. Hinds. President; E. C. Singletary, Vice-President: W. I). Tisdale, Cashier and Sec- retary; L. G. Nesmith, Asbistaut Cashier. Directors:— C. Burrel, "Wm. D. Tisdale, E. L. Bradlej-, C. G.Harrison, E. C. Singletary. Wm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds, W. H. "Wing, J. B. Edwards. Correspondents ;— Anglo-Californian Bank (limited), San Francisco; First National Gold Bank, S. F.; First National B-ink, New York; Anglo-Califoruian Bank (limited) London. WILL ALLOW INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, buy and sell Exchange, muke eollections, loan mnuey, and transact a General Banking Business. Special inducements otyered to mer- chants, mechanics, and all classes I'or commer- cial accounts. S. W. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., SASS' JOSE. BUSmESS_COLLEaE! A Day and Boarding School for Both Sexes. npHE SECOND SESSION OF THE CURRENT School Year will commence January 3d, 187G. In acknowledging the kindness of the patrons of this School, the Proprietors desire to assure them that with the increased patronage will be added increased facilities for imparting in8truc_ tion. They intend that the School shall offer the very best opportunities for acquiring thor ough education, both theoretical and practical The course of study in the Academic grade is extensiTe and thorough. The Business College has no Tactions. Students from a distance will find pleasant rooms and board at reasonable prices at the boarding-house. The Faculty accept to its fullest extent the gi'owing demand of the industrial classes for recognition in the public educational system hailing it as the harbinger of a higher and better civilization. ISAAC KINLEY, Superintendent of t lie Insfitnte. .TAMES VINSONHAL.ER. Principle of tlic Balslne.«s Colleije. SEEDS. SEEDS. New Crop Just Arrived and New Shipments Continually Arriving. VEORTABLK, CRASS. AND CLOVER SEICnS: iiKNTUCKYBLlIE (IHASS, HUNtlAUIAN, ITALIAN, OKCIIAUD. RED TOP. TIMOTHY, MKSQUIT. SWICET VERNAL, RED CLOVER, WHITE CLOVER, ETC. Also, choice CALIFORNIA ALFALFA, in large or small ipiantitics; AUSTRALIAN BLUE GliM SEED. and Seeds of every variety and de- scription. Fresh and Reliable. For sale, Wiiolesalo or Retail, at the OLD STAND, by B. i'\ wr:r.i.iNGTON, UIPORTER AND DEAI.KR IN SEEDS, I'Zr, Wa^iliiii^liin Street, SAN EILINCISCO. 1776. CEITTEMIAL 1876. Cliicaffo & Northwestern Railway. Passe!i°TS fur I'liii'ago, Niagnr.-i Falls. Pitts- burg, Philadelphia, Montreal, (.[ncbec. New York Boston, or auy point East, should Ijuy their Transcontinental TicUetH via CHICAGO Si NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY This is the liEST KorTK EAST. Its Track is of STEEL RAILS, and (Ui it hiis been made the FASTEST time that has ever been MADE in this couutiy. By this route passengers for points east of Chicago have choice of the following lines from Chicago; Pittsburg, Fortwayne and CUicago and Pennsvlvania Rail^vays. • > THROUGH TR.UNS D.\ILY. WITH PALACE 0 Cars through to Philadelphia and New York on each train. 1 THROUGH TRAIN. WITH PULLMAN PAL- 1 ace Cars to Baltimore and Washington. Lake Sliore anil Micllisr.'in Sonlliern Railway and Coiineclions— IVew York Central vt Krii> Kailroads. Q THROUGH TRAINS DAILY, WITH PALACE •_) Drawing Room and Silver Palace Sleeping Cars through New Yt,>rk. Miclilffan Cen(r:il, Grand TrnnJt, Cireat AVesterii and l-^rie and Nevy York Ceniral Kailwjiys, O THROUGH TRAINS, WITH PULLMAN PAL- t J ace Drawing Room and Cars through to New York to Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Rochester, or New York city. Baltimore and OSiio ll.iilroad. O THKOUGII TRAI.XS DAILY. NVn'll FULL- ^ man Palace Cars fur Newark, Zanesvillo. Wheeling, Washinglon and lialtimore without change. This is the Shortest, llest and only llm- run ning Pullman celebrated I'alace Sleepiiifr Cars and Coadies; connecting with liiion Paiitic Railroad at OnkHlia and from the West, via Grand Junction, Marshall. Cedar Rapids, Clinton, Sterling and Dixon, for Clii- ca«jo and the East. This popular route is unsurpassed for Speed, Comfort and Safety. The smooth, well-ballaslcil ami perfect track of steel rails, the celebrated Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, the perfect Tele- gr.aiih System of moving trains, the regularity with wldiii they run. the admirable arrangement fin' rniuiing through ears to Chicago fi-om all juiints West, secure to passengers all theeomforts in modern Railway Traveling. No changes of Cars and no tedituis delays at Ferries. PasBengers will find Tickets via this Favorite Route at the General Ticket Office of the Central Pacific Rr.ailroad. Sacramento. Ticki'ts for sale in all the iiclict ( llllccs of the Central PacifV.- R. R. II. P. STANWOOD, General Agency. 121 Mont- gomcry street, San Francisco. THE TRUTH ABOUT TH E DAVIS mmi §SWIN5 MACHINE, TT DOES NOT TAKE AX HOUR TO -"- get ready to do a minute's work, but is al- wavs ready in a minute to do a day's wo:k. ■The Favorite of the Family circle. Runs more easily and quietly than any other machine. The DAVIS presents these advantages : It prevents fulling or gathering of goods, will sew over thick seams, or from one thickness to an- other, without change of stitch or tension, and make the most Elastic, Durable and Uniform Lock Stitch of any Machine before the public. The only one having an Automatic Bobbin Winder, and the most wonderful attachment for making the Knife Pleating. The peculiar feature of the DAVIS is its VER- TICAL FEED, which is essentially different from any other Machine manufactured, requir- ing no acquired skill to operate it, nor basting of the goods, and all should give it an examination at least before purchasing any other. After six weeks' trial at the Franklin Institute ■ Exhibition, held at Philadelphia in 18Ti, it was Awarded tlie Granil Medal Against Nineteen Competitors I And has universally been awarded the FIRST PREMIUM at allprincipal Fairs where exhibited. We have the best manufacturing machine in use. Energetic and responsible Agents wanted in all unoccupied territory. For fiu'ther information, circular and terms, call on or address G. L. BIGELOW, Ageut for Santa Clara County. B?5" Salesroom, No. 458 First Street, San Jos Foundry Block, SAN JOSE, or the DAVIS SEWING MACHINE CO., I I 8 Post St., San Francisco. BSF" For '}.'• subscriptions to the Califor- nia AgriruHurist, Live Stock and Household .Tournal at Sl-.^'O each, the puldishers will give a $10 Kew Unvis SeivluK Machine. Here is an opportunity for some energetic lady to get the best Sewing Machine for a little time well employed. The DAVIS took the first premimn at the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society's Exhibition last Fall. I^VETTTORS! IP YOU WANT A P,*TENT, SEND us a UK.del or sketch and a full description of your Invention. We will make an exnndnation at the I'atent Oflice, and if we think it patent- able, will send you papers and advii'c and prose- cute jour case. Our fee will be, in ordinary cases,' S'irt. Anvirr. rni K. Address LOUIS BAGGER ,^- CO.. Washingtcm, D. C. »3^ Send Postal Card for our " GiiniE foe OliTArslso Patknts " — a book of .'>() pages. JACOB EBFAillARDr - ■ Propr. AM, KINDS OK I.KA'rHKR, SlIKEP- skins and wool. Highest price paid for Sheep skins, Tallow, Wool, etc. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ANGORA Hobe and Glove MAITUFACTURIITG CO., SAN JOSK, GAL. CAPITAL STOCK - - - $50,000 OFFICERS: Pn-sidc.nt C. P. BAILEY SeticUrv FBANK LEWIS Treasurer ....I.W.HINDS DIRECTORS : C. P. BAILEY. -I. W. HINDS. JACKSON LEWIS. C. H. LAPHAM, RETURN ROBERTS. Maiiiifju'tnre Exclusively from Angora Goat Skins PURS FOR ROBES, MATS, RUGS, GLOVES, i Ladies' Cloaks, Sacques. Dress Trim- j nungs, and Gents' Caps, Coats and Coat Trimmings. ALSO, SKINS .\N1> FURS TANNED IN A 6\iin'rii r Mauiicr tor SmUllers', UjiholRterB' «nld. One Farm AVaproii. One Sprin;;- Wa^on, 13 Toiim of Hay, 5 Head of Oairy Stock. .'>0 Chickens, Goof Tools, &r . Title, U. S. Patent. Price, 9^3, 500— Part Cunh, easy terms fyr the Remainder. A'IdreBB, LOS GATOS P. O., or apply on tUo Premises to the Proprietor, G.GUERINOT. The best thing one can do with worn out implements is to put the wood that is in them into the woodshed for fuel, and the old iron into the workshop to re- pair other tools with. LOS GATOS NURSERIES, S. NEWHALIi, Prop'r San Jose. A LARGE AND GENERAL ASSORTMENT of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Ever;,'reews, Flowering Shrubs, Roses, Greenhouse Plants, Grapevines, Small Fruits, etc. I oflt>r for sale a well assorted, well grown and healthy stock. Low-topped stalky fruit trees a specialty. Ad- dress s. NEWHALL, San Jose- mmmm sfanish mm j FOR SALE. ^IXTY OXK AXUTU'O YEARS OLD O — Thoron^^lil'i-i a Spanish Mc-rinu Rams, Cali fornia bred, truia Kwrs iinimrted from S'ermont, I and hired l>v Severance & Peet's celebrated ram ' FREMONT', and by their ram GREEN MOUN- TAIN, which took the first premixuns at the Bay I'istrict ;ind State Fairs. Last shearing. 35.^ Itis, \(-;ii's !..;ro\vtli. Also, about 100 Ewes and Laini.s. all of GREEN MOUNTAIN stock, bred ""^ ^""b. F. WATKINS, Santa Clara. Cal. R. C KIRBY Sc CO., ^ TANNERS ! SANTA CRUZ OAK-TANNED SOLE LEATHER. WHOLfcSALE DEALERS. OIUce~40ii and 40* Battery Street, SAy FRANCISCO. A jtKTHOD of curing skins without re- moving the hair is given by a correspon- dent in tho Fancier's Journal: Take about ten gallons of soft water, one-half bushel of wheat bran, seven pounds of suljihuric acid; dissolve all together and put the skins iu the solution and allow them to remain twelve hours; take them out and clean them well and again immerse twelve hours more, or longer, if necessary. The skins may then be taken out, well washed and d'ri^d. They can be beaten oft, if desired. Dr, N. KLEIN, Surgeon Dentist- PRINTING. The slickens question is getting to be seriotTS, The farmers along the banks of the Yuba have held more than one 1 meeting for the discussion of this very [ grave question. They seom to think i that their lauds will be ruined, if hy- ' draulic mining goes on as it is now go- ing on. by depositing sand and gravel (they call it "slickens") on their fields. FLOWER SEEDS! VE&ETABLE SEEDS ! ! SPOONER'S PRIZE FLOWER SEEDS ! ' SPOONER'S BOSTON MARKET VEGE- ! , TABLE SEEDS ! ! THE CHEAPEST AND BEST SEEDS IN THE market. Semi two 3-ieiit stamps for our Illustrated Catalogue and see the prices. W. H. SPOOXER, Boston, Mags. C. S. Crydenwise, CARRIAGE MAKER. PIONEER Carria-je Shop. 31-4 SECOND STREET, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alley, Sau Jose. Afsvnt for FIsU Bro. 's Wagons. posters. Dodgers, Haudl>ills, Books, Catalogues, Circu- lars.Prngrammes, Hills C.I liil' , Ii.Ml Mi.iiis. Keeeiptti, Labels, Blanks, liiUhciiils. Slateiiifiits, Cards, Tags, et»., together with ev,Ty description of .Job Printing executed prontptlv and in a workmanlike man- ner by B. H. COTTLE, No. au Market street, over Bland & Reguart's auction store, San Jose, Alfalfa is perennial in the strictest sense of the term. A single planting will endure tor a quarter of a century, or, for that matter, forever, and the yield is simply astonishing. Year after year the well attended alfalfa will yield its twelve and twenty tons of hay, in month- ly or qtiarterly cuttings. Whether pas- tured, or fed green or cured, it affords a most healthy and nutritious diet for all kinds of stock. The sheep, the hog, the milch cow and the horse thrive upon this luxuriant grass and require but little grain. SANIA CLARA VALLEY Drug Store, •ioo Saiitji <'lara street. Opposite tile Convent, SAN JOSE, JOHN D. SCOTT, SC. D., 1 P/ij/siciaii and Druggist. A. O. HooKEB, L. Ftnioan, Late Gunckel K Hooker (late of Marysville.) DENTISTS. Office:— 359 Eirst street. San Jose. DR. C. R. SPAW, Resident Dentist, Comer of First and Santa Clara streets, In McLaughlin k Ry- land's building, San Jose, Cal. Do not forget to renew your subscrip- tions at once. In doing so, obtain the names of neighbors and send along with vour own. GARDErr CITV Bet 1st a.t 21 DRUG STORE lipothdtc. stores, Eangea, Pumps, H^dnulic Sams, Load aid Iron Fipe. Brass Goods, HosB Wire, Farmers' Boilers, House Furnishing . Wares. H. PIESSUECKER, Proi»ri«*tor, No. 320 Santa Clara St. C. E. CAMPBELL, Manufacturer of Well Pipe n,iirl Galvanized Iron Pumps witU Improved Valves. Till, Copper, Zinc and Sheef- Iroii Wares, Giilvani/.ed Iron Chimneys, Tin Rooliii";, Pliimli- ing, etc. No. 339 First Street, opposite El Do- rado St. JOHN BALBACH, Blacksmith. B L A C^ K S M I Til, Pioneer BlMcksiuitb and < ■jirriage Shop. Balbacli''iii Neiv Brick, cor. Sec- ond St. and Foiinlain Alley, SAN TOSE. A£;ent for Fisli Bro. ^s Wagons, New Work ami repairiuy nf Agricultural ImplemeutB, etc. Aquaria, Flower-Stands, Window Brackets, Ferneries, West's American Tire-Setter. T.W.Mitchell, Porter's Block, cor. Santa Clara and Second Sts, SAN .losi;. Bird-cages and Hooks, gEEDSMAN and FLORIST Ivy Brackets, — ,. — , And Oejiler ill Floweriiiif Plants, Wiro nower-pot ornamental Sliruhs, Bulbs Stands, and Flowering- Roots in Wall Brackets, A'aviety.Han^jring Bas- «,,„ f*v,j., r*- kets. Dried Grasses, t*ias- -naae-, MC F,.e„eh Immortelles of Assorted Colors, Etc., Etc. 6^ Seeds, FreBh and Reliable. Menefee & Gastoq DETTTISTS, S. W.ror.Saiitii ('laru ami First Sis Ov'-r Faruifrs' National Gold Bank, SAN JOSE. tt^" Spctnal attention given to Fine G..ld Fillings. THE CAIi. AGRICULTURIST PUB. CO. ANNOUNCE TO SUBSCRIBERS OF THE " AGRI- CULTimiST" that they have made aiTange- mtnts whereby they can supply almost any deBirable bonk published iipon any subject, at publishers' prices, jtOKtpaid, upon receipt of its price. People living in the country, away from book stores, have ex- perienced difficulty in getting what books they want at any price, and are frequently imposed upon wlieu they do get books. Now, we ijropose to remedy this matter entirely, and without further trouble tn our patrons than the sending of their orders, accompaniei with the cash, to select the book they want, and send it to them at publishers' own price, free of other costs. Our arrangements are fully i^erfected, and we mean business ! We shall continue our Catalogue of good books from time to time, adding the most desirable books published. IMPORTANT TO SUBSCRIBERS. We li:ive made further arrangements so tliat we can offer TREMiuus OF BOOKS for every prep'iid subscrip- tion, to old and new subscribers alike ; and to every person who solicits subscriptions we give extra premi- ums of his own choosing. Our pnniium rates are as follows: Upon eacli Si. 50 subst-riptir.ii. pnpaid for 1876, we credit to account of subweriber ">() cents reck- oned in his favor upon an order for books to the amount of $2. In other v ords, after paying for 1870, upon receiving an order for any book or books at any time worth £2, only $1.50 in coin need be sent. This, added to the 50 cents to his credit, will pay for the books. Persons who, at the time of paying their sub- scriptions do not order books, or who order but a part of what they want at once, will be entitled to the benefits of oun premiums and reductions whenever they choose to take advantage of it. at any time during the continuance of their Subscriptions. TO SOLICITORS. The agent sending ns t'> M Pnteiit Pumii Valve. J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 337 First Slieel. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAIO FOR Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. If you ever intend louying a WIND MILL, examine the record of the solid- ■wheel ECLIPSE, tested 8 years ; 3500 in operation— IMPROVED Hand or Wind- mill Force Pumps ; Second-hand STEAM Machinery ; CHEAP. Write me for cir- culars, or call. CHAS. P. HOAG, 118 Beale St., San Francisco. ''rt:^^:M /A- t TUF. Cal. AoiucuLTUiasr Pun Co. have constituted themselves a Purcliiislng Ayoncy, to accommodate AGRioiiLTUitisT subscribers. Anything wanted in Sau.Joso or San Francisco purchased at lowest rattis for forwarded to order Free of C'oiiiiikissioiis, ■Vre the Best the world prodni'es. They arc planted by a million people in Amcri.-a, and the result is 1" aiilitnl Flowers ami siilenilid Vegetubles. A Priceil (.■ntalogue sent free to all who inclose tin- postage— .1 twi-cent stani]'. Viek's Floral ';;t>lal>Io Garden -■ents; with cldlh .■nv,-rs. t.:, .vnls. Addrr.-,s, JAWIES VICK, Rochester, N. Y. RSTT7Z11TED. E. B. lTeWIS lias returned frt»m the East and takin his old stand, in the P.istoftic... A SFIiEiarDID STOCK NEW O O O I) S At Very Low Prices. FRED. KLEIN, STOVES, SHEET-IRON, Copper, Tinicare, Iron Pumps, Kitchen Utensil.^, Celebrated Peerless Stoves, ■43? SiiiitH Clara St , Near PostotUce. San Jose. (irjiiii Dealer. Postoffice News ami Stjitiuiifi-y Stand. Stoves, Kitilieii Utensils RHODES &, LEWIS. APOTHECARIES, SAN JOSK TREES and PLANTS CuiefuHy selcrted by the editui'. who lias been a imr- seyman. uml I'orwartlcd to I'l'der. No comiuisBiou asked. ^^/y^^,^^ d-/ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. R, S. THOMPSON, .VAPA. CAL., Importer and Breeder of ^E-. THOROUGHBRED s£USH!iiE mn, /,*L>il,.^(:jt,' Just What You Want for Your- self and Children. 'TrAILtoSENDrOEaPATTEHN ONLY 25 VENTS. Comfortable Combination Clothing. THIS STYLE OF liNDERCLOTHING FOR Lailies has lieeu foiiiicl by all who have used it, the most convenient and comfortable, as well as econmuical of any now in nee. Models were exhibited and aVtracted much commenda- tion at the late Fair. Patterns can be had by a]iplyint: at the San Jose a{^ency, C'Hlifornia. Ag-ricnlturist Office, (where samplcK can be seen,) or by ad- dresBing Box (JHO San Friimi C. C. C. Company. This reform imderclothiug has been worn by the Editor's wife and children for the past two seasons, and is certainly superior in points tn comfort, healthfulnesK, and economy of wear and material of any ever invented. It is the in- vention of a California lady who makes every pattern her elf and writes full directions upon each. No family that once tries this style of clothing will ever go back to the others. Closing Out Stock THE SUBSCRIBERS, INTENDING TO CLOSE up their business with as little delay as pos- sible, now offer their strx-k of Jackson Wagons ! As a WHOLE, or at KETAIL. im the most favor- ablv tcnns and at very low prices. J. D. ARTHUR «b SON, nih Cor. California and Davis st., S.F. Tb.e Goodexiousrh. COMMON-SKNSK SYSTKM HORSESHOEIUG SHOP! Cor. Saiila Clara and San Pedro Streets (opposite Post Oflfiee) . The only Natural Method of Shoeing; the Horse to prevent Corns, Quarters Cracks, Contrac- tion of the Hoof, and all Lameness Resulting from Unsound Feet. T. H. I.ARCOIMI, Proprietor . «*" The gcnfrnltalk iBDoWiins' Klpctrir Soup (Kold by Newkin liros. & Co.. Sun FranriKco) . There never wub n Knap m highly nml (generally pruiBeil. It tellB u filDi-y of ilB (iwTi nieritB that luimcit be euutrailiiteil. Ti-y it. ANGORA Zlobe and Glove MAITUFACTURING CO., SAN JOSE, GAL. CAPITAL STOCK - - - $50,000 OFFICERS: Preekleut O. P. BAILEY Secretary FRANK LEWIS Treasurer J . W. HINDS DIRECTORS! C. P. BAILEY, .J. W. HINDS. JACKSON LEWIS. C. H. LAPHAM, RETURN ROBERTS. IManufartnre Exi-lnBively from Angora Goat Skins ,FURS FOE EGBES, MATS, EUGS, &LOVES. Ladies' Cloaks, Sacques. Dress Trim- mings, and Gents' Caps, Coats and Coat Trimmings. ALSO, SKINS AND FURS TANNED IN A Buperior Manner for SaddlerB', UphulBters' and GloverK' Work. Having the Sole Right to UBS a NEW PROCESS OF TANNING AND DYEING ALL STYLES OF GLOVES FROM ANGORA GOAT AND DEER-SKINS. Fur Gaumlets, Driving and Work- ing- Gloves a Specialty. Cash paid for Goat and Deer-Skins. Skins should be thoroughly Salted when Fresh. May be ]5erfectly Dried in the Shade. Sun-dried Skins are worthless. A. M. FELDMAN. A LARGE TRADE Light Rents and Running Expense-s will allow SMALL PROFITS. We can and DO tell Staple and Fainy Dry GoodH, lines nf StyliHU Drens GoodK^ Alpnf*iis, Piiplins, etc., together with While GonclSf Hosiery, and General furnlHliinj; Goods At Lower Figures Than the same can be purchased for elsewhere. The people are ftndint^ tliis imt, atnl iirr taking advantage of the fart. Reuicnibrr the plare. No. 119 FIRST ST'iEET. Son Jo.w. A. m. TULJUaAN. P- S. — Please mention where yon saw this ad- vertisement, fi- WM. O'DONNELL Wisliis it known and distiiirtly iiiidriM 1 th;it be H.*.s NOT ^'Mii.' Mill <n (-tore, San Joee. SHARRl!^ HERRING, San Jose, Cal.— -_ , Agent for several breedersof BestPure-bred imimalfi and poultry. We bring the breeder and liurtliHHir toKfther direct, and do not stand be- twet It tlii'iu, while we a^d each free of charge. oPLENDID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, ^ »Milv %'l u dnzen. and Cabinets $4 a dozen, lit HOWLANP'S Gallerj' (Hecring's old stand) No. 359 First street. San Jose. WAL.L..'\rK «Jt COCHRAN, 386 First street— Handsome turnoutB always on hand at fair price's. Fine He^irso for Funerals. Car- riages for sale. Give us a trial. A H. S, LAMKIN, TTOUNEY-AT-LAW-KOOMS 3 AND 4, Stimc's IJnilditig (opposite Auzerais House), Santa Clara street. San Jose. o DR. J. BRADFORD COX. FFICE OVER T. W. SPRING'S STOKE, opposite the Post Office, San Jose. B^" The National Gold Medal was awarded to Bradely & Bulofson for the best Photographs in the United States, and the Vienna medal for the best in the world. 429 Mantgomery street, San Francisco. lalifornia Agriculturist .£kNiO Emmwm. ei«@o O^ Oi X7 £1. M Mi. 1« Vol. 7~No. a } SAN JOSE, CAL., MARCH, 1876. ISOBSCKIPTION Pbice, Sl-SOaYear. ■J Single Copies, 15 Cents, LETTER FROM ITALY. BY JAMES S. LIPPINCOIT. S. Harris Herrino, Esq.: 'While pass- ing through this lauil of vines we have often been reminded of scenes in the Occident, and many a time have memo- ries of San Jose come up vividly before us. Two weeks at Vevay, near the head of Lake Geneva, in Switzerland, were especially agreeable, the wine harvest being at its hight. Unlike California in almost every other respect though Switzerland may be, in the abundance and excellence of her grapes, pears and plums, grown upon the hills that border her lakes, she rivals even your young and sunny laud. Such an overwhelming abundance of sweet blue plums and Grand Duchess and other pears, I never before witnessed; while the crop of grapes was so vast as to greatly exercise the ingenuity of the pro- prietors and text the capacity of their vaults, to afford space wherein to bestow the vintage. Picture to yourself the northern sloije of the lake side for twenty-five miles in length, and from one-quarter to one-half a mile wide, covered almost entirely with vineyards, terrace upon terrace, with walls from five to twenty feet iu hight, supporting the earth at wide intervals, with here and there a stately homestead, a fine chateau, or ancient tower, while broad-armed walnut trees, or thrifty orchards, or avenues of sycamores are thrown in to diversify the scene. Higher up the slope appear meadows and orch- ards and compact villages on streets so narrow that carriages can barely pass each other, while before or beside each house stands the ever-present manure heap, reeking with foul vapors and wat- ers. The almost universal presence of this hope of the future, gives a charac- teristic scent to Switzerland — the smell of the cow yard — which, owing to the manner in which the fertilizing liquid is appliad, is a universal nuisance, detract- ing from the pleasure with which one would otherwise regard many a beautiful scene by positively thrusting itself upon the unwilling attention and filling the sensitive with disgust. Swiss houses are generally lumbered around with balconies loaded with wood or faggots of vine-trimmings and bean haulm, and almost every one has the under side of the balcony or outside gal- lery ornamented with festoons of yellow Indian corn hanging in close files from the twisted husks on very long pcles, tier upon tier, for the American corn-crib is unknown among them. Above those diriy villages, each house of which is a picture in itself, sometimes painted by some ardent young village artist iu vigorous designs, rise the mead- ows and the rougher slopes, and soon the groves of pines and firs usurj) the soil, which has become very thin; while beyond the precipitous rocks look down in their grey barrenness or thrust their sharp peaks above the lower clouds. Before we left, the early snows had pow- dered their scalps, and on our departure the highest mountain tops and far down towards their bases were covered with snow, which, in the morning light, ad- ded another element of beauty to that which before was lovely; and when the evening glow lighted the summits into phosphorescent brilliance, they becaaie gloriously beautiful with the tints of pale rose and violet, to die into the duu of twilight and the sombre of the evening shades. The vintage is here the industry in which all classes are interested, as upon its prosperity depends much of the wealth of the people. To it they give them- selves with an enthusiasm which is quite catching, and we temperance advocates entered into the spirit of the occasion with a zest we were not aware could have been awakened in us. The city of Vevay, like many other southern cities which have endured the trials of war, has the lower story of its houses, iu many instances, constructed iu a massive manner, and entered through largo arched doorways. This story, though above ground, is heavily vaulted, and serves as a depository for wines and for the mills and presses and scene of manufacturing. Let me attempt a description of a day at Vevay among the grapes: You must be informed that the Swiss are the most industrious and toilsome of laborers — not even your Chinese can excel them, I imagine. Men, women and children here perform an amount and kind of labor that would be scarcely credible to your easy-going Califcrniaus. One may see masons jsropelling wagons loaded with masses of stone that would make a load for two horses, and which American laborers would not touch with even one hand. Groups of six or eight washer- women iu lively chat may, morning and evening, be seen and heard pushing a ve- hicle loaded with linen to or from the lake, where the washing is daily enacted, and where the western order of things is reversed; for the washerwoman usurps the place of the soapsuds and clothing, and taking her stand in the tub, punches and slaps the clothes around with a long pole, which she dextrously wields. But the manner in which smaller burdens are carried by the peasants is curious. The Vaudois appear to consider their toilet incomplete unless they are furnished with the hoik. This hoUe, or hod is fitted to their backs, and it is evident that their backs are early fitted to the hoUe, for groups of children daily appear in the streets upon whose backs this unseemly appendage is strapped, and in which they carry bread, grapes, chips and even their schoolbooks on their way to and from these abouuding safeguards of their liberties. This hotte is a long, oval bas- ket or light wooden vessel tapering to- wards its base, and attached to the back by means of straps through which the arms are passed, and affords the most convenient method of carrying burdens iu this land of steep declivities. But to the vintage — that joyous scene, into which so many entered with interest that the schools were adjourned, so that young and old might assist therein. The hillsides, as far as we could see, were alive with grape-gatherers, among whom young women were most numerous, and the streets were thronged with singular vehicles, upon each of which was fas- tened, lengthwise, a hogshead or pipe loaded with crushed grapes on their way to the mill and adjacent press in the vaults of the city proprietor. The grapes were cut from the vines by means of small, sickle-shaped knives, thrown into baskets and emptied into large wooden hods in the vineyard, where they were smashed by means of a plunger or pestle in the hands of a strong man, who bore the full hod to the gate of the vineyard and emptied it by pouring its contents over his head into a hoeshead upon the wagon that bore it downhill to the press. Every vehicle that the city could muster, capable of bearing the burden of a hogs- head, seemed brought into service, and a most incongruous assemblage of beasts harnessed thereto, from spavined old steeds to noble teams of draught horses, grand old bulls, well-worn mules, placid cows and the omnipresent, patient and all-enduring donkey. Our landlord having invited us to visit his vineyard and help ourselves, we ac- cepted with pleasure. We climbed up the steep hillside, wound about between the walls boundingthe narrow pathways, and at length found ourselves among a group of grape-gatherers, each busy with her sickle-knife upon the large bunches of sweet amber grapes. We plucked and ate, and though our capacity did not equal that of our host, which he asserted was eight pounds, we left that vineyard glad of heart but heavier than when we entered it. No injurious effects follow a very generous consumption of grapes, and several grape-cures have been opened in this district, where patients are en- couraged to consume them in almost un- measured quantities, morning, noon and night, and with excellent results. We partook abundantly during our two weeks' tarrianco at Vevay, and can say that our health has not been better at any time during our travels in Europe. Florence, Italy, December, 1875. inUnxt, to cover the necessary expenses of the business, instead of paying inter- est. The property of each State, county and township, and individual to whom the money might be issued should be he'd by pledge for the payment of interest and re- turn of money or its value. Such a system would be simple, just, economic- al and practical. It would give no bank- ers power to extort enormous rates of interest, would encourage instead of kill industrial enterprises; everyone could be employed in producing, and everyone could secure the comforts and luxurious of life. Money would be a ser- vant instead of a king. The money kings would find their speculative occu- pations gone, and could become useful citizens, instead of parasites to suck the people's and the nation's blood. Min- ing stocks and swindles could be dis- pensed with as worse than useless. The actual wealth and honor of the people only would be at stake, and upon that should be based the circulating medium called money. And the less the actual cost of the medium, the greater the ben- efit to the people. IN A NUT-SHELL. The people are as completely slaves to a pernicious financial system, iu the United States, to-day, as ever were the negroes iu the South to their owners. The unjust and outrageous national bank act costs the people thirty millions of dollars every year for individual bank notes not as good as greenbacks! The Government pays interest on money she should have issued herself, without pay- ing interest, and might be drawing in- terest on as well as not, instead of pay- ing it out as is now the case. The greenbacks were a mistake in not being made payable for everything in- stead of excepting "interest on the public debt and duties on imports." Then there would have been no discount necessary. We believe in paper money, but thirrk it should be issued only by the Govern- ment, and paid out by the Government only for value received, or on good se- curity, and should draw a very stnall MODELS OF HUMANE INVEN- TIONS WANTED. The Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is en- deavoring to collect models of every in- vention for the comfort of animals. The organ of the society. Our Dumb Animals, published at the office of the Society, No, 168 Washington street, Boston, thus announces: In order to show the progress of hu- mane sentiments in regard to the treat- ment of animals, we propose to introduce into the Centennial Exhibition, models of such inventions as are calculated to relieve animals from suffering. We* therefore request inventors, or owners of such inventions, to send mod- els to our office, on or before the last day of March, with such description as may seem necessary. These will include horse and ox har- ness—collars, bits and substitute; bridles, breastplates, horse-shoes, coops, bird- houses, interfering and other pads, whiffletrees, and any other parts of har- ness or vehicle which contribute to the relief of animals, cattle-cars, calf-racks, in fact, angthing which fitly represents the idea that animals should not be sub- jected to unnecessary suffering. These models should be as small as they can be. Wash fokFkctit Trees. —The Practical Farmer, speaking of a wash for bodies of friut trees, recommends the following: One ounce of copperas to eight or ten gallons of water, forms a good wash, and is advised for trial as a preventive against blight. One pound of bleacher's soda and one gallon of water forms a wash that cleans off all insects, and leaves the trees with fresh, young-looking, healthy bark. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. give gh Ilk go tin fill $1.50 Per Ar\r\un\. rUBLIPHED MOSTni,T BY THE CAL. AGRICULTURIST PUB. CO. S. HABRIS HERRING, Editor. OFFICE:— Over flie San Jose Sa^-ingrs Bank, Balbacli^s Biiildiii;;, Sunt a Clara Street, near First, San Jose. SPECIAL TEKKS TO ACE17T3. RATES OF ADVERT8SING: Per one Column S12 00 Per Mouth *' half Column 6 00 '* " fourth Column 3 00 " *' " eighth Column 2 Oi) " " " Bisteeuth Column 100 •' " t£^ We are detenuined to adhere to our resohi- tion to admi* none but worthy business advertis- ing in our columns, and to keep clear of patent medicine, liquor, and other advertisements of doubtful influence. The large circulation, the desirable class of readers, and the neat and convenient form, rend- ers this Journal a choice medium for reaching the attention of the masses. EDITORIAL NOTES. Every farmer who has cultivated a hill sido has experienced more or less trouble by the washing away of fine plowed and cultivated soil, during the season of heavy rains. Mr. Burrell, who owns laud in the Santa Cruz moun- tains, tells us that he does not cultivate his side hills during the rainy season, but allows the grass and weeds to grow until danger of heavy rains is over. The settled soil is held by the roots and debris from washing away. Then, in spring, he turns under the green crop, and aims to leave the soil, after cropping, in such condition iu the fall as to not wash away during wiuter. We lately noticed J- Q- A. Baliou, an experienced orchardist, pruning his fruit trees in such a way as, in our opin- ion, to greatly lessen their value. The trees were very tall and straight, and ho was cutting out the lower limbs and spurs from the inside of the plum and pear trees. The excuse seemed to be that the fruit growiug on the lower inside limbs was always inferior. We believe the fault is in allowing so tall a growth, that the fruit grows near the end limbs the best. His system of pruning will cause the trees to produce finest fruit no where else but at the ends of the tall, top limbs. We should, in this case, have shortened in the top one-fourth to one-third the distance to the ground, and encour- aged a healthy lower growth throughout the head of the tree. The tree would then bear its fruit nearer within reach, be iu better proportion, and produce more good fruit than when growing so tall and thin a head. Our oliject in mak- ing this criticism is to bring out the ideas of others. There nmst be a right way and a wrong way. Of course experience is the best teacher, and the best'method must, in the end, produce the best re- sults. Specie Basis. — The recent attempt to discount silver coin of the United States, on this coast, proves, if it jjroves any- thing, that a specie currency is no safer from the machinations of brokers than paper money. In fact, a paper cun-ency properly issued — in the interests of, and backed up by the wealth and honor of the people — would be so stable as to be absolutely bej'ond the power of any com- bination of brokers to disturb. The excuse for the present discount on silver is, that it is too abundant. Never since we have been on this coast — now twenty years — has money of all kinds been so hard to command as at the present time. The fact is, our money dealers are de- termined to tax the industry of the peo- ple just as long and iu as many ways as they will stand it. The matter is so maneuvered that every cent of discount has to come either directly or indirectly out of industry — a one-sided game, at which the stake-holders win. A Good Step in the Right Direc- tion.—Rev. .Jabez Walker, a. W. C. T. of the Good Templars, Geo. Bramall, G. W. P. of Sons of Temperance, and other leading men have counseled to- gether iu the matter of legislation on the liquor question. The result is the fol- lowing circular and petition, asking that the power to grant or withhold license to retail intoxicants be vested in the super- visors of each county. We hope it will succeed. The lovers of morality and good order can then be heard by way of remonstrance in each or all cases. We hope every town in our coiinty will join all other places in sending on such a pe- tion, numerously signed. This should be done at once. Petitions to be sent to Geo. B. Katzenstein, Sacramento, who will see that they are properly presented in good season : To the Honorable, the Senate and As- sembly of the State of California. We, the undersigned citizens of the State of California, County of respectfully petition j'our honorable body to enact a law giving greater jirotcction to ourselves and the State from the abuse of the present system of indiscriminately granting license for the sale of intoxicat- ing liquors by retail, by enacting that the jjower to grant or withhold license for the sale ot intoxicating liquors be placed in the hands of the siipervisors of each county, respectively, in the State. And your i^etitiouers ever jn-ay. This is the age of rings and mo- nopolies. When a thing can no longer stand on its own merits, if there is money iu it, an attempt is made to bolster it up and force iu some way a respectable recognition and support. The most ridiculous attempt at this sort of game that has for some time come under our notice is that made by the alopathic school . of medical practice — the drug doctors. Because there are other schools of practice which discard their drugs; because, as people become more intelli- gent and better informed uinni health subjects the more likely they are to think and choose for themselves, and consequently discard dug medication, which has killed and injured more per- sons than all other diseases together; be- cause, while free to choose, people will emploj' siich physicians as they believe to practice more in accordance with the laws of health — these alopaths desire to get a law condemning as (juacks all per- sons not liolding diplomas from their particular schools, and making such "quackery" a crime punishable by law. We can compare this outrage upon the sense of a free and enlightened people with nothing excepting the old religious intolerances which existed when people begun to question the power of churches and jjriests. We don't expect the matter will result in such bloody wars now as then, but hope these medical bigots, who have martyred millions with their pois- onous drugs in the name of science, will be soon placed where they belong — among the fossilized rubbish of the past. Should they succeed in passing such a law as they are now anxious for, their doom would be sealed all the sooner; for, surely, as the people discuss this svibject and feel that their own rights, intelli- gence and liberties are subverted, they will break from such a "practice" and cause even the drug doctors themselves to become converts to a system nearer in accordance with natural hygienic princi- ples. ORCHAKD GRAFTING. A farmer who says that he followed our advice and directions for grafting last year with splendid success, although he had never grafted a tree before, requests us to repeat the article this year, as it must benefit evei-youe who has trees that need grafting if they wiU but give projier heed. Grafting is a simple process, easy to understand and to do. It is something that every boy should learn how to do, and anyone can be successful with using proper care. There are several methods of grafting and budding, but the same principle, viz., uniting the vital saps under the bark of stalk and scion, is al- ways involved. The only question is the best method of doing the work. Practice has determined this; at any rate, to a conclusion with us. In this i rticle we will give the directions only for graft- ing standing trees. For gi-afting orchard trees we find it much betters to apply the grafting wax liquid than plastic; and in order to do this and have the wax acquire proper consis- tency and hardness after application, we melt the wax iu any vessel that is handy to carry, and apply warm, with a flat brush. The brush should be about one inch wide. We found it most conven- ient, where we had to use the wax con- stantly, to have a lamp burning under a vessel near by, whero we could repilenish the wax we carried in a smaller dish as often as we found necess.ai'y. A lard can may be used as a lantern to set the lamp in, and be attached to the bottom of the vessel of wax so as to br handy to carry. For grafting wax, take half as much bees' wax as resin, and half as much tal- low, lard or oil as bees' wax. When to be applied warm, it needs no working other than to be stirred and melted to- gether. It is better to cut scions some time be- fore grafting especially when the grafting is deferred until late iu the season. They can be preserved by healing them into the Soil in a shady place. During this nKmth the scions may safely be put in the same day they are cut. In sawing off large limbs, always saw- in on the under side of the limb first, then when you saw from the upper side there is less danger of splitting. We USB a sharp, fine saw, and cut oiT all the limbs on the tree where we wish to graft them. We use a knife of steel, four inches long on the edge (the cutting side quite concave), with a wedge on the outer end one and a half inches long, to insert in the split while we insert the scion. Iu large stalks we put iu two scions— one on each side of the split — and iu very large stalks two splits and four scions. The scions should be prepared three to six inches long. Cut the wedge cud long and straight, leaving the outside of the ijj bevel thicker than the inside, and with a bud, when convenient, as nearly in the center of the oiitside of the scion as you can, and insert the scion so that the in- ner bark and saps (libers) come exactly together. Be careful in putting on the wax to cover every part of the wound to exclude the air — even the top of the scion should be touched with wax. The first year allow all the sprouts and suecers to grow, cutting off nothing until next winter. The removing of all the limbs deprives the tree of leaf-producing surface, and it will need all the leaves it can produce on all the sprouts the first year to keep it healthy. Shade the trunk of the tree, either with boards or by winding sacks about it, as the sun will be likely to scald the exposed bark. This is quite important. We have had good success in grafting in California as early as the last of De- cember, but if scions are properly pre- served so as not to swell the buds too much, grafting may be done as late as the last of April, on most soils. On dry soils, early grafting is the best. Stone fruits should be grafted early. Grafting is something that any person of intelligence and self-confidence can easily do. And anyone with an orchard that does not produce the kinds of fruit desired should not delay, but at once graft the trees, or get some one else to do it, to the best varieties adapted to our climate. For best vai-ieties for a family orchard, see the Agkicultukist for De- cember. RAIN ON THE MOUNTAINS AND IN THE VALLEY. Ed. Agriculturist: We are in the Santa Cruz mountains, about five miles due north from the city of Santa Cruz. The rain-fall here is heavy, as is shown by the following amounts taken from my record, which has been very carefully kept: Inches of Rain. 18.56 .. 6.85 15.68 No. OF Raint Days. November 13 December 7 .. January 14 Total 34 .. Aaiiing amount for Feb. 7 and 8 In the town of Santa Cruz the amount up to the last of January was 27.06 — nearly 12 inches less than here in the hills. The people of your valley, with their meagre amount, often not sufficient for fair crops, can hardly realize how copi- ously it is poured down upon us " good folks, " just out of sight, over the Santa Cruz ridge. As the rain clouds come drifting iu from the ocean they encoun- ter these mountains, and are turned up- wards into the colder regions, where their vajiors condense and fall; thus giv- ing us too much, and your valley not enough. This is, to say the least, a very unneighborly arrangement; and if the cutting down of our forests would, as many predict, send more rain over to your thirsty valley, I, for one, could not object — much as I prize every one of these noble trees. I?ut this old theory is still in dispute among scientific men. In all general storms, when we get the bulk of our rain, the clouds extend from one to five miles high, and it seems scarcely possible that the forests upon the mountain sides have much, if any, influence upon them. D. M. Locke. Springvale Farm, Santa Cruz, Feb. 0. ^ The rain fall in San Jose for the sea- son, up to February 12th, the last rain, was 15 inches. ■»<*^^^y^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal People ^Vill Talk. rE may get through the world, but 'twill be very Blow, If wc litjteu to all that is said as we go, We'll bo worried aad fretted, and kept in a stew, ' For lueddlesome tongues must have something to do, For people will talk. If quiet and modest, you'll have it presumed That your humble position Is only assumed; You're a wolf in sheep's clothing, or else you're a fool. But don't get excited, keep perfectly cool. For people will talk. If generous and noble, they'll vent out their spleen. You'll hear some loud hints that you're selfish and mean; If upright and honest, and fair as the day, They'll call you a rogue, in a sly, sneaking way. For people will talk. And then if you show the least boldness of heart, Or a slight inclination to take your o^^ti part, They will call you an upstart, conceited and vain. But keep straight ahead, don't stop to explain, For people will talk. If threadbare your coat, or old-fashioned your bat, Some one, of course, will take notice of that, And hint rather strong that you can't pay your way, But don't get excited, whatever they say, For people will talk. If you drees in the fashion, don't think to es- cape, For they criticise then, in a different shape; You're ahead of your means, or the tailor's not paid; But mind your own business, there's naught to be made. For people will talk. If a fellow but chance to wink at a girl. How the gossips will talk and their scandal un- furl. They'll canvass your wants, and talk of your means, And declare you*re engaged to a chic in her teens For people will talk. They'll talk fine before, but then at your back Of venom and slander there's never a lack; How kind and polite in all that they say, But bitter as gall when you're out uf the way, For people will talk. The best way to do, is to do as yon please. For your mind, if you have one, will then be at ease; Of coure, you will meet with all sorts of abuse. But don't think to stop them, it ain't any use, For people will talk. Better Than Gold. Better than gold is a conscience clear. Though toiling for bread in an humble sphere, Doubly blest with content and health. Untired by the lust of cares of wealth. Lowly living and lofty thought Adorn and ennoble a poor man's cot— For man and morals, on nature's plan, Are the genuine test of a gentleman. Better than gold is the sweet repose Of the sons of toil, when their labors close; Better than gold is a poor man's sleep, And the balm that drops on his slumbers deep. Eriug sleepy draughts to the downy bed, Where luxury pillows his aching head; His simpler opiate labor deems A shorter road to the laud of dreams. Iletter than gold is a thinking mind. That in the realm of books can find A treasure surpassing Australian ore. And live with the great and good of yore. A hpart that can feel for a neighbor's woe, And phare his joys with a genial glow; With Hympathies large enough to enfold All men as brothers— is better than gold. Better than gold is a peaceful home. Where all the fireside charities come— The shrine of love and the heaven of life. Hallowed by mother, or sister, or wife. However humble the suul may be, Or tired by sorrow with heaven's decree. The blessings that never were bought or sold, And centre there, are better than gold. The Song^ of 1876. BY BATABD TAYLOR. "Wakea, voice of the land's devotion ! Spirit of Freedom, awaken all! Ring, ve phores, to the Song of Ocean, Rivers, answer, and mountains, call! Tho golden day has come; Let every tongue be dumb, That sounded its malice, or murumred its fears; She hath wou her story; She wears her glory; We crown her the Laud of a Hundred Years. Out of darkness and toil and danger Into the light of Victory's day. Help to the weak and home to the stianger. Freedom to all, she hath held her way. Now Europe's orphans rest Upon her mother- breast; The voices of nations are heard iu the cheers That shall cast upon her Ne%v love and honor. And crown her the Queen of a Hundred Years. North and South, we are met as brothers; East and West, we are wedded as one! Right of each ehall secure our mother's; Child of each is her faithful son! We give thee heart and hand. Our glorious native land. For battle has tried thee and time endears; We will write thy story, And keep thy glory .\s pure as of old for a Thousand Years. Advice to Voung TUten. BY ANNA LINDEN. Stand nobly up and face life's work With brave and honest soul. And let no false and foolish pride Your manly heart control. Stfi.nd out iu honest, bold relief — A worker and a man; Something ol use in tiiis great world. After your Maker's plan. 'TiB good to Bee the honest face And stalwart, manly frame. With muscles that btsjieak-of strength. And hands to match the same — Hands that look competent to grasp And grapple with life's foes. And cause the bai-ren wihlerness To blossom as the rose. Ashamed of labor! No, not you, Since that was God's decree; For honest and industrious toil Brings glad prosperity. It frames and builds up all the good \ nation's life can know — Science, and art, and fame, and wealth; From work and efl'ort grow. Spurn indolence, whose weakening grasp Blights manliness and worth; Be something to yourself and friends; An honest old farmer, on being in- formed the other day that one of his neighbors owed him a grudge, growled out, No matter; he never pays anything. AQUAEIUM AND STAND. Care for All. BY FREDERICK T. CLAKK. There never has been a life But has had its share of strife; — Finding thorns among lifo's flowers. Branches in its strongest towers, Cruel stones around the feet. And bitterness with all the sweet. There has never been a heart But has felt pain's cruel dart Through its choicest treasures cleave. Sure and quick, and only leave Of our fond and clinging trust Heaps of faded, lifeless dust. Every life must have its care; Every heart must have its share Of the bitterness of earth To api.treciate God's worth. Through thewinter's cruel blight Come the blossoms, pure and white. Men cousiime too much food and too little pure air. They take too much med- icine and too little exercise. Be useful to the e.arth. Make labor noble in itself By being nobly done. And make fair Nature's heart rejoice To own you as her son. Work is most noble, good and grand. Since God ordained it so; It keeps the heart from cankering rust .\nd makes the nation grow. * The workers are the nation's wealth. And not the idle drones. Work makes the country prosperous. Makes happy hearts and homes. It matters not if hands and brains Are all your stock of wealth; With steady, patient industry. And energy and health, Y*ou yet may rise to lofty hights. As others have before. And crown the throne of wealth and fame With one brave victor more. Dissolved Salt foe the Tablk. — The best way to use table salt is said to be to dissolve it in water and keejj it in a bot- tle in a fluid state, using it as you would pepper sauce through a quill in the cork. The Chinese use it in that manner. THE PHTLLOXERA. ■VE have written nothing about this J insect before for the very reason that we knew very little about it. We were aware of the destruction it had caused to grapeWnes in Eu- rope, and also that its ajipearance in California had filled viniculturists with much alarm, and that speculation is rife as to the possibilities of its ravages and the methods for exterminating the pest, pre\'enting its spread, etc. We have carefully read everything we could find bearing upon the question. It seems that these minute insects in- fest the roots of the grape plant, some- thing as do the woolly aphis the roots of apple trees, only the phylloxera cover the entire bark of the roots as a scale, even to the far-reaching and smallest fibrous roots. This inse<;t injures the vine by feeding upon the juices of the plant which it sucks through the bark. Hence the roots covered with the tenderest bark arc preferred by them, and it is impossi- ble to destroy them by the application of any poison that docs not reach to the very ends of the roots. This being the case, and it being impracticable to so apply poisons, all efforts to destroy them by poisoning have failed. Immense sums of money have been offered for the discovery of some potent remedy, but without the desired result. However, it has been found that the pest can be drowned by flooding the vineyards for several weeks at a time with water. This process is not injurious to the vines if applied any time during the winter mouths when the vines are not in leaf. This remedy is probably the only effec- tual one, and is good enough where wa- ter can be so used. Vines gi-owing upon hillsides of course cannot be so flooded, unless it be found that ditches flUed with water between the rows and about the vines will answer the same purpose. It appears tliat the phylloxera works worse ravages iu dry soils than in wet, so that in California it -will, unless checked in some way, prove very de- structive on all soils that are not occa- sionally flooded. Persons who contem- plate planting vineyards should bear in mind the necessity of selecting ground that can be flooded, or of bringing water upon it for that purpose. It is said that the phylloxera is indig- enous to the United States, and has been known upon the native grapevines in the East for many years, and that the insect is not destructive to the native varieties. Grapes that grow along streams and the banks of ponds, where the roots are be- low the ■n'ater level, are not troubled with the pest. It is in such places that wild grapes grow in the greatest profu- sion. The following, from the Ohio Farmer, is a summing up of about all that is of practical utility as far as is at present known: Our French correspondent, in his last letter, thus speaks of the phylloxera, its ravages and the remedy proposed: The importance of the vine-bug or phylloxera question to France may be estimated by the fact that the insect, which covers the roots like a bark, has already destroyed nearly half a million acres of vineyard, and threatens with ruin two millions of acres more. Since three years a government commission has been occupied at Slontpelier in ex- perimenting with all suggested remedies on an aftected vineyard several acres in extent. It may be safely said that the commission, composed of practical and cientific men, has discovered no cure. 'j'atga 36 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. It has, however, demonstrated the happy action of manures in prolonging the life of the vine, though without preserving it. The submersion of the vines, for thirtj' days at least, with running water in autumn or winter, and the subsequent application of fertilizers— known as the Falcon plan — is the sole efficacious rem- edy up to the present demonstrated, and so highly is it appreciated that a project is on foot to construct a canal, to be fed from the Rhone, so as to enable several million acres of vineyards to be tempo- rarily inundated. A special commis- sioner has left for the LInited States to study a variety of American vine stocks, known in Pennsylvania as the "corn grape," and reported capable of resisting the phylloxera. VINEYARDS IN CALIFORNIA. Grape growing in this State can be made a very profitable business, notwith- standing the fact that the so-called ' 'wine- growers" have not made money, and many of them have been obliged to give up everything, after some years of hard work, to foreclosers of mortgages upon the property. Raisin and table grapes have paid well right along; ,ind as the State increases in population and trans- portation facilities increase, so will the business of shipping fine grajjes and making raisins become more and more important and surely remunerative. We advise the planting of new vine- yards of best varieties, and the grafting of the "wine" vai'icties to table and raisin grapes, instead of tearing up the old vines as some are doing. There is policy in the matter of grafting, as the well established roots will soon make new vines that will bear abundantly of superior fruit. A grajje vine produces better fruit after it is a dozen or more years old than when it is younger. The old vines, if cut back and grafted, will, the second or third year after, produce as well as old vines. The maturity nnd strength imparted to the new top by the well grown roots make grafted vines equal in value to vines of same age as the roots. There is only one difficulty about grafted grajjes, and that is the lia- bility of the old stalk that is gi-afted to send out suckers. If grafted above gi'onnd there will be a good deal of trou- ble to keep those sprouts below the graft from outgrowing the scions. To obviate this, the old vine should be cut oflf from four to six inches below the surface. Re- move the earth from about the vine with a spade and saw the old stalk otl' as smoothly as possible with a small, fine, hand saw. The root stumps may be split grafted or splice grafted — it makes little difl'erence, so long as the inner bark of the scion and the stump come together to form a union of growth. If the scion is set into the stump so as to touch the vital sap in only two or three places, it is enough to give circulation to the living juiees in both stalk and scion. The stronger the cuttings are that are used for scions the better. Slender, weak cuttings are not good for scions. Choose them from the strong- est growth of last year's wood. Make the split or cut in the stalk, then wedge the scion to fit and insert it firmly, with- out bruising the bark on either scion or stalk. One or two buds above ground g are enough, and the scions should be . shortened so as to admit of not over two / buds above ground. Common grafting j) wax can be used. It is best applied ^ warm with a brush. A vessel holding Ihe wax can be kept over a portable coal stove such as linkers use. Any one can iiiakfi one that will answer the purpose ji out of a joint of stove-pipe. Some per- I, sons press the fine earth flnnly about the graft and use no wax, and with very good success. The best time to graft grapevines is just as soon as the new leaves get to be about the size of your thumb-nail. Then the vines will not bleed. If grafted before the leaves start the old roots will bleed badly. About the first of April is a good time to graft in many localities. The vines may be grafted earlier, but experience has proved that it is better to graft after the bleed- ing season is past. The cuttings should be prepared as soon as convenient, and put in a cool shady place out of the wind until time for grafting. We hope that none of our readers who may have inferior vines will neglect to graft them this season. It will p.iy to do it. We are ^villing to admit that the wine business is the poorest paying us well as the most demoralizing business that a poor honest man can venture into. But a good vinej'ard of useful grapes, for raisins and for the table, is at once respectable and remunerative. The White Muscat of Alexandria is the best raisin grape, though there ,ire other good ones. The White Corinth or Zaute Currant grape is bound to prove very valuable also upon this Coast. The busi- ness of shipjMug fine grapes to the At- lantic States will always be a remunera- tive one. The Flame Tokay, Rose Peru, Black Hamburg and others are good for shipping. Planting a vineyard in this State is not necessarily a very expensive job. It is not necessary to cultivate the ground any deeper than for a crop of grain. The rows should be laid ofl' six to eight feet apart both ways, and may be struck out, after measuring accurately, with a plow in complete squares, by running straight furrows at right angles. Then in the ditch where the furrows cross plant the cuttings. A long handled spade, run down the length of the blade, at an angle of forty degrees, will be deep enough to plant the cuttings. Remove the soil enough to insert the cutting and then pack the dirt back closely about it, and it is done. One or two buds above ground are enough. Two men can plant several thousand cutting in a day when everything is ready. The after cultiva- tion should be with harrow and cultiva- tor and hoe, so as to leave the surface soil light and fine and free of all weeds, for the first two years particularly. This is a very favorable season for planting cuttings, because the soil is so thoroughly filled with moisture, and Mareh and April are good months to them. If you have to plow under a lit- tle patch of green grain to make a vine- yard, it will not hurt anything but will leave the soil in good condition. Every farmer upon dry land should plant a vineyard for faniily use, for raisins, and for an investment to pay dividends as a branch of farming. f hccp and ©oab- A PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRY. G.Ci, t^"*'HE Angora goat business, which a few years ago was sneered at by some journals that should have known belter, has been brought forward and placed upon ft footing that insures for it a grand success and a s]>lendid future. There was a time when but little mo- hair was produced here, and there was but little demand for that small quantity. Now the manufacturers are making good bids, in fact there is a wholesome rivalry, which places the jiroduct in demand at good figures, and as the supply increases the prices will become better and stead- ier. The sales of the fleeces for the last two years have proved that, for the mo- hair alone, it will pay to raise goats. But the mutton is as good, some say better, than that of the sheep, and the pelts are much more valuable for tan- ning. The common goat skin is little better than the sheep skin, but the An- gora skin is fine grained and very strong. During a late visit to the Angora Robe and Glove Manufacturing Company, in San Jose, we gained several points of information. The workmen can tell by the feel of the tanned skins whether the goats- were half, three-fourths or seven- eighths Angora, also by the looks, so striking is the difference. The skin is not so thick and rough — it is fine, soft and tough. We have before mentioned that for strings and belt-lacings they are found to be very excellent, and are being largely used already. There is about one-half the increase of every flock that are males, and as they are not used for breeding, unless the mohair is very fine, they are killed at from six months to two years old for mutton and pelts. The half and three- fourths breed goat sldns are now worth from 40 to 60 cents each for tanning. The finer breed pelts are worth 75 cents to $3 each for making into robes, trim- mings, etc. This jniee will soon ad- vanco. The manufacturing company, having only lately started into the busi- ness, cannot aiTord to pay, this year, what they will be able to as soon as the people find out the actual merits of the goods, and there are more pelts to be tanned and make up. It is estimated that there are now 240,000 gi-ade Angora goats on this coast, but probably 200,000 is nearer the mark. This number will soon increase to one million, and as they increase in numbers so do they increase in purity, as only pure-breed bucks are used for breeding purposes. Not less than one-fourth of the entire number will have to be slain annually, on an average. This, it will be seen is to be a great and growing industry. Already the An- gora robes and gloves are found to be the jirettiest and most useful of any. Some of the finer pelts of kids and full grown wethers, when colored black or some shade of brown, by Mr. Henry T. Welch, resemble the richest furs, and are much admired and prized for rich trimmings to ladies clo.aks, etc. As the finer furs are getting scarce all over the world, and continually dearer, these fine Angora kids furs will come more and more into demand at fine prices. And as the buf- faloes and foxes and wolves are disap- pearing, the robes of the beautiful full breed Angoras will not go begging for a market. In fact they are superior to any other robes, and civilization is no loser by substituting the Angora furs for those of the wild and lower animals. Any person who will take the trouble to ex- amine the Angora goods will be satisfied that what we say is even so. The manufacturing company at San Jose are giving employment to man}- women and girls in making up their goods. Their machinery for cutting out gloves is quite no\el. They have dies made for cutting out gloves, complete in every part, and can cut out dozens at once. But we will not attempt to de- scribe the workings of the manufactory, which is sil\iated on the eastern bank of the (iuadahqie, near the San .Jose Wool- en mills. The company have lately sent samples of their goods East, and with the most flattering prospects. The only thing we fear is that the demand will soon be so far in advance of the supply that we Californians will not be able to keep enough of the goodB at home. From the Green Bay, Wisconsin, Gazette, we quote a portion of an article in which mention is made of some goods sent by C. P. Bailey, President of the manufac- turing company, and also a breeder of Angoras. Says the Gazette: "Of late years the efibrt has been made to colonize this valuable quadruped in some parts of this country. It has been tried in South Carolina with some success, but the strike seems to have been made in California. Under the auspices of a stock company, some three thousand of these beautiful animals have been induced to graze in the vicinity of San Jose. If it is really the fact that the true Angora goat can be reared on the Pacific coast, we see not why it should not prove a source of wealth beyond mines of gold. Our native furs are growing scarce. The march of civiliza- ts driving back the buffalo, the wolf, the mink, the otter, etc., and but a few ye.ars more of "jirogress" will make furs of any kind a rare and costly luxury. It looks as if Providence was sending these four-footed Angorans from that far land of Turkish barbarism to warm the back of the great Republic during its second century. ' ■ We advise any who have a curiosity about such goods to visit the office of W. C. Bailey, Esq. He has received from his brother, in California, some elegant specimens of this fur, and we understand is verj- willing to have the public look at them. That very white robe and mat would together constitute a graceful present for your minister or the editor of the Gazette, or some other pub- lic benefactor." One mistake we notice in the forego- ing. The stock company own no goats, although several of the individual mem- bers do. The companj' is organized for manufacturing, and proposes to confine itself solely to that and the selling of its goods. We hope the company will make a showing of their goods at the Centennial fair in Philadelphia. The^ have made no calculation to do so as 3'et, but the breeders on this coast cannot aftbrd to allow such an opportunity of showing the products of this business to the world to go by without some concerted action. There is not a more important industr5- on this coast we feel satisfied. The monthly report of the Department of Agriculture for February contains the the following: "California, in pursuance of a charac- teristic fashion of doing what cannot be done elsewhere, has not only persisted in keeping considerable flocks of Angora goats, but multiplies their numbers and utilizes the fleece. There have been placed in the museum of this Depart- ment some specimens of dressed skin with fleece intact, of divers colors and great beauty, such as are used for fancy robes, rugs, mats, fur gauntlets, and for other purposes. These gloves are very strong, durable, warm and showy. The leather is also used in strings for belt- lacing, and appears from its great strength to be very suitable for such use. This is the work of the Angora Kobe and Glove (-'ompany, located at San Jose, nnd de- monstrates the availability of Angora products for successful manufacture into articles of comfort and utility. Their gloves, unlike those of buckskin, are dressed with the grain left on. Mr. Frank Leavis, the secretary of the com- pany, is a part owner of a flock of six liundred ewes which were sheared last spring. In one county, Monterey, there are no less than twenty thousand re- turned by the assessors, and they con- stitute a portion of the stock of twenty- eight other counties." California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Ostrich Farming in Africa. M-^ ITHIN the last dozen years an iu- ''-^y/ dustry has sprimg tip in Africa that ought to claim the attention of the jjeople along the PaeiUe l.i-^ slope of the United States. It is the raising and care of ostriches for their feathers. There are u^uy half- desert like stretches of country here just suited to the habits of the ostrich, and that might probably be put to good use as ostrich pastures, could a ship cargo of those birds be brought here and bred from for that purpose. The article that we select from an exchange almost makes us wish that we owned a fine flock of them, and owned a combined bee and ostrich farm in San Diego county on which to rear them: Within the last seven or eight j'ears an industry has sprung up at the Cape of Good Hope, which, on account of its novelty and the important results it pro- duces, is worthy of notice. It is that of keeping ostriches in a state of semi-do- mestication for the sake of their feathers, which have latterly become more and more scarce and consequently more val- uable. From the Cape the business of ostrich farming has been introduced in South America, where, as we showed in this journal in 1872, it is carried on with more or less success. But the best feathers are still those produced in the south of Africa. Like many other important undertak- ings, ostrich farming, if not actually the the result of an accidental discovery, re- ceived a great impetus from an appar- ently trilling circumstance. A few years ago one of the native traders in ostrich feathers and eggs, having more eggs than he could conveniently carry, left four or five of them in a cupboard adjoining a bakehotise in some Algerian village. On his return about two months afterwards, he was surprised to find the broken shells of his ostrich eggs and a corres- ponding number of young ostrich chicks. The birds were, of course, dead from want of attention; but the fact was un- deniable that the fresh eggs of two months ago, had, under the influence of a high temperature, actually produced fully developed chickens. The circum- stances came to the knowledge of an of- ficer in the French army, M. Crepu, ^ho immediately perceived the practical re- sults that might ensue from a careful following up of the hint thus strangely given. He set to work to devise artifi- cial incubators for the purpose of hatch- ing ostrich eggs, while at the same time he procured some pairs of adult birds, with a view to rearing them in a state of semi-domestication. It is needless here to enter into partic- ulai-s of the difficulties M. Crepu had to encounter. Suffice it to say that, after many disappointments, he had the satis- faction of finding a Uve ostrich chick ac- tually, hatched in his apparatus, and thus his assiduous eftbrts were cro-n'ned with triumph. About tifty-three or fifty- four days is the full term of incubation, which may be slightly accelerated or re- tarded by a trifling change in the heat to which the eggs are subjected, although the smallest excess or want of heat be- yond a certain limited range is fatal. But to such perfection have artificial in- cubators now been brought that the whole "sitting" of eggs may be hatched \ Tith more certainty than if left to the I natural care of the parents. I The baby chick, when it makes its de- but, is about the size of a common fowl. and begins to pick up food at once. The nature of the food suitable for both the brood and the adults was a principal dif- ficulty in the first attempts at the artifi- cial breeding of the ostrich; but a care- ful study of the habits of the birds in a wild state has resulted in the discovery of the best kind of diet suited for the welfare of their domesticated brethren. The principal food given to the young birds is lucerne and thistles and tender herbs and gi'asses indigenous to the country. Old birds are fed on more ma- tured shrubs and plants, the leaves of which they strip off with their beaks. They are also fed on Indian corn, known at the Cape as "mealies." It will be interesting to note that when the full number of eggs has been laid, the old birds invariably place one or two of them outside the nest — the nest con- sisting naturally of a hollow scooped out of the sand bj- the action of the legs and wings of the birds. It has been found that these eggs are reserved as food for the chicks, which, in a natural state, are often reared miles away from a blade of grass or other food. As soon as the chicks emerge from the shell, the parent ostrich breaks one of these eggs and the yolk is eagerly eaten up by the young ones. They are, therefore, both herbivorous and carnivorous; but it is not necessary to gratify their appetite for flesh, as they thrive excellently on the herbs above mentioned. Of course where food is supplied in abundance this precaution on the part of the parent bird of providing meat for their ofl'- spring is not necessary, and each egg so left is therefore wasted. Considerable loss also occurs in the number of ad- dled eggs, when they are left to be hatched by the parents. It is said that the ostrich is able to discover when an egg becomes addled, and that it immedi- ately ejects it from the nest; thus show- ing an amount of wisdom which has hardly been attributed to a bird which is popularly supposed to thrust its head into a bush when being hunted, in the vain hope that as it cannot see, it can- not be seen by its pursuer. These observations were first made in Algeria, but it is at the Cape that they have been turned to practical account, and a very perfect system of ostrich- farminor has been established there. Dif- ferent practices prevail at different estab- lishments. The birds are allowed occa- sionally to sit; but the success which has attended the use of artificial contrivances is so great that fewer losses occur by this means than under natural circumstances, and the use of incubators is becoming veiy general. The chicks produced are so healthy as to show that they do nfft suffer from this mode of treatment. The arrangement of ostrich farms is similar in all cases. The deskkmta are plenty of space, suitable soil — that is sand and pasture with facilities for grow- ing the proper food — conveniences for shelter and water. A well conducted farm would require jierhaps £3,000 cap- ital to begin in a small way. The indus- try at the Cape is barely eight years old, and much has to be learned b}» a begin- ner. Loss and disappointment are fre- quently experienced at first; but the occupation is considered a very profita- ble one, and is certainly healthy and agreeable. Yet nowhere are patience, sa- gacity and perseverance more necessary thanfin conducting a good ostrich farm. A healthy bird of a week old is worth £10; at three mouths it will be worth £15, and at six months £30 and more. Feathers may be plucked from the os- trich when a year old, and each year's crop will be worth about £7 per bird. At five years the breeder begins to pair his birds, and each pair will yield from eighteen to twenty-fiMir eggs in a season. It is necessary to keep the adult birds in separate paddocks, which are generally surrounded by wire fencing. The os- trich is liable to sudden fits of jealousy. In such a case frequent quarrels would ensue if the birds were all together in one indosure, with the result, if not of black eyes, at least of damaged feathers, and perhaps broken legs and even death to one of the combatants. The blow from the leg of the ostrich has been comj)Uted to be fully equal to the force developed by the kick of a colt seven mouths old. But whatever be the exact force produced, it is very severe, suffi- ciently so to break a man's leg. The ostrich, however, both male and female, is quite an exemplary parent, notwithstanding the popular rumor that, like the crocodile, it leaves its eggs in the sand to be hatched simply by the ac- tion of solar heat. Father and mother take it in turn to sit on the eggs, and when the ostrich takes his female com- panions out for their evening promenade in the desert, one of them aiways re- mains by the nest. This fact is suffi- cient to induce many breeders to leave the eggs to be hatched in the natural way, and merely to devote their energies to the rearing of the young birds and the collection of the feathers. These are operations that require very great care. Regular supplies of food — about two pounds a day to each adult — are necessary; shelter must be provided for the night and to shield the birds from the violent storms which frequently burst over the southern part of Africa; and there must be supplies of sand and peb- bles, which the birds swallow as aids to the digestion. Pepsine is unknown among these birds of the desert, and they introduce a quantity of hard sub- stances into the gizzard to assist them in grinding up theit food, just as the dys- peptic featherless biped takes his morn- ing bitters to help the secretion of the gastric juices. It is very amusing to watch the flock of young birds as the at- tendant enters to scatter their breakfast. The moment he appears with his load of " green meat," the youngsters of the ostrich family trot up to the entrance and caper and dance about in the most grotesque manner, and devour their food with evident relish. They are generally tame and to a certain extent tractable, but as they grow old they sometimes evince a sourness of temper which is anything but encouraging to the forma- tion of a near acquaintance with them. As the feathers are picked they are sorted according to their quality and pu- rity of color. The pure whites from the wings are called "bloods," the next quality " prime whites, " "firsts," "sec- onds," and so on. The tail feathers are not so valuable, and the more irregular the markings of the colored varieties the less valuable they are. "Bloods" will fetch from forty to fifty pounds sterling per pound weight in the wholesale mar- ket, and from this price they range as low as five shillings per pound. The quality of the feathers produced by tame ostriches is fully equal to the best collected from wild birds, while the general average is much higher. Not- withstanding increasing yield, prices are rising instead of falling: indeed, good ostrich feathers are now thrice as dear as they were fifteen years ago. But it is more than probable that as the produc- tion increases the price will eventually fall. Kven with reduced prices the prof- its would be sufficiently large to render ostrich farming a very profitable under- taking; and as' each year !, will increase the experience 'of breeders, the difficul- ties will be gradually diminished and losses more easily avoided. As it is, this strange iuduslrj' — the domestication of the wild birds of the desert, once re- garded as types of liberty and intracta- bility— is at the same time one of the most interesting and most profitable of the African trader. A Colony or Osteiches.— Slontgomery Queen has purchased 100 African os- triches, and is about colonizing them ou his place near Haywards, a small town fifteen miles from San Francisco. It is Mr. Queen's intention to raise ostriches solely for their plumage, each bird yield- ing over $200 worth of feathers yearly. He has invested $100,000 in the enter- prise.— Denver Xews. Undeveloped Fruits of America. m — FEW wild fruits may be mentioned which manifestly have great capa- bilities, that may or may not be develojied in the future. The leading instances, in my mind, are the Persimmon and the Papaw; not the true Papaw, of course, which we have in Florida, but the Asia Minor, or Western Papaw so called. Both Persimmons and Papaws are freely offering from spontan- eous seedlings, incipient choicer varieties to be selected from both fruit when only a few years old, thereby accelerating the fixation of selected varieties into races; and both give fruits of types wholly dis- tinct from any others we possess of tem- perate climates. He that has not tasti d Kaki has no conception of the capabili- ties of the Diospyrus genius. The Cus- tard Apples of the West Indies give some idea of what might be made of our Pa- paw when ameliorated by cultivation and close selection for several genera- tions. I have understood that one of the veteran pomologists of the country. Dr. Kirtland, of Ohio, a good while ago initiated a course of experiments upon the Papaw in this regard; it would be well to know with what success, and if the breeding and selection have been continued through successive genera- tions. Our American Plums have for many years been in some sort of cultivation and have improved upon the wild forms; but I suppose they have not been sys- tematically attended to. Their exterior liability to black knot and other attacks renders them, for the present, unsuccess- ful. Finally, if pomology includes nuts, there is a promising field uncultivated. Our wild chestnuts are sweeter than those of the Old World; it would be well to try whether races might not be devel- oped with the nuts as large as marrons or Spanish chestnuts, and without dimi- nution of flavor. If we were not too easUy satisfied with a mere choice be- tween spontaneous hickory nuts, we might have much better and thinner- shelled ones. Varying as they do, exces- sively in the thickness of the shell and the size and flavor of the kernal, they are inviting your attention, and promis- ing to reward your care. The Peccan is waiting to have the bitter matter between the kernel bred out; the butternuts and black walnuts to have their excess of oil turned into farinaceous and sugary mat- ter, and their shells thinned and smoth- ered by continued good breeding; when they will much sui-pass the European walnut.- -Prof. Asa Gray. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. About Bananas. — Few people who see liauanas hanging in fruit stores think of them as more than a tropical luxury. In fact, they are a staple article of food in some 2>arts of the world; and according to Humboldt, an acre of bananas will produce as much food for man as twenty- five acres of wheat. It is the ease with which bananas are grown that is the great obstacle to civilization in some trop- ical countries. It is so easy to get a liv- ing without work that no effort will be made, and the men become lazy and in- tolerably shiftless. All that is needed is to stick a cutting into the ground. It will ripen its fruit in twelve to thirteen months without further care, each plant having 7.5 to 125 banan.as, and when that dies down after fruiting, new shoots spring up to take its place. In regions where no frost ever reaches bananas are found in all stages of growth, ripening their fruit every month and every day in the year. Colonel Whituer, near Silver Lake, Florida, has probably the largest banana plantation in the Uuited States, containing fully 1U,U00 plants in bearing. Some of these are large trees, which do not die after bearing their fruit, but the majority are of the dwarf species, which are renewed every year. Slips are planted about eight feet apart, and rapidly push up leaves, disclosing six or eight small bananas behind this jirotection. Some plants will have sixteen or twenty leaves and bunches of fruit, bending over as it ripens, forming a most beautiful sight. The banana is a very tender plant. Says a southern correspondent of the Prairie Farmer: "A statement is going the rounds of the papers to the effect that 'the old cotton fields of the South are being planted to bananas.' It is as- tonishing how much ignorance and mis- representation have been published in regard to this fruit and the cultivation of it. In my article on the banana, pub- lished in the Prairie Farmer more than two years ago, I stated (and I repeat it) that to be grown successfully it requires a rich, m^t soil and tro'pical diimUe. These conditions are not found in old cotton fields. The only parts of the United States where it caii be grown with success, are the southern parts of Cali- fornia and Florida. It is very suscepti- ble to cold, and even on our gulf coast it seldom matures its fruit without Win- ter protection, and is not planted as a crop for profit. Close Planting and Pkuning.— We are more and more becoming converted to the practice of close jilanting and pruning. Take, for instance, black rasp- berries, or blackberries, g.ow them close in a row, and like a hedge, by keepint? them well cut back as they grcjw. This makes the brandies stitt', so that they do not get down in the dirt, and are easily passed among to pick the fruit, and, too, by mulching the entire surface, the same amount of mulch mulches a much larger numlier of vines. The roots of all kinds of plants run much farther than most people have any idea of, and simply mulching close around the plant does not answer the purpose. The roots of a Jilantatiou of raspberries and blackberries or currants, or even strawberries, run through the entire surface, and hence to Oeange Cultdee in Uppek Califor- nia.— From a personal knowledge, de- rived from a residence in both Los An- geles and Napa counties, we will state that it is our fii-m belief that Los Angeles as an orange gi-owing county, does not hold a particle of advantage over Napa. We have frost here every Winter, and so do they, and last Winter their orange trees triumphantly passed through, over and above frost, and are now hanging full of golden fruit— a striking illustra- tion of their power of resistance to frost. Comparatively speaking, in a point of fact, the orange trees of Los Angeles demonstrated that they could stand the same amount of frost that grapevines do, without suffering an equal amount of the blighting effect. Now, why not go into the orange business? our market is close and the next best thing is that they fre- quently pay $1,00U per acre.— ,Sta;'. [What is true of Napa county is equal- ly true of several other counties, in fact, every agricultural county in the State, in localities below the heavy snow line. — Ed.] Ameeican Tea. —It is said that Georgia is going to try her hand once more at tea growing. Those who have investi- gated the subject assure us that the ob- stacles to the culture of tea successfully as an article of commerce in the South- ern States are the want of exi^erience and, chiefly, the want of cheap labor. The tea tree of China has been grown by several persons in Georgia, from the Piedmont region to the sea coast. The shrub is a hardy and vigorous evergreen and grows from three to five feet high. It is a neat, compact, laurel-leaved shrub, with pretty, white flowers in Spring and is quite ornamental. It is perfectly hardy and will stand any exposure to the cli- mate, as has been tested in Athens ami many other localities in Georgia. [We believe that Georgia, like Califor- nia with cotton, tea and silk, will not find tea a profitable plant to cultivate. Whatever requires cheaper labor to make ita success in competition with China, we have no present use for, to any great extent, at least. ] The Papaw Teee ok Shkub. — The pa- paw is very common in the Western and Southern States. The fruit is very nu- tritious and palatable, much resembling the banana. Its introduction here would give us a desirable addition to the num- ber of our fruits. The papaw is Jiulpy and soft, and probably could not bear long transportation or command an ex- tensive sale in the market, but it would be a very acceptable fruit for home con- sumption. There are several varieties, .some of which grow to the height of ten or flfteen feet, while others are low shrubs. The fruit of all of them is sweet and very fragrant and the product very abundant. The jiajsaw generally grows wild, along the banks of streams, and sometimes forms thickets of several acres. — Vail. In Ceylon large apes arc now regularly employed to pull cocoauuts. These an- imals are imported from Acheen in batches, and marched round the planta- Encoueaoing to Oeange-Geowees. The cultivation of the orange in Louisi- ana has of late attracted much attention. One gentleman on Lower Lafourche has an orchard just come into bearing, of 125 acres — said to be the largest in the world. The same gentleman has a tree on his plantation over sixty years old, the fruit of which this year is worth on the ground $100. For several years past the income from this tree has been $50 to $75. The Co-operative JVews, from which we learn these facts, adds that California, Louisiana and Florida are the only parts of the United States in which the orange is now cultivated with suc- cess. Its cultivation in South Carolina and Georgia has been abandoned on ac- count of frost. The market for the fruit keejjs jjace with the increase of jjroduc- tion. Tamarind. — This beautiful tree is a native of the East Indies, but is now considerably cultivated in warm climates elsewhere. Only one species seems to be known — a spreading tree, thirty or forty feet high, with alternate pinnate leaves, which have from twelve to fifteen pairs of small leaflets, and fragrant flow- ers with three petals, the pods brown and many-seeded, as thick as a man's finger and about six inches long. These pods are filled with a pleasant, acidulous, sweet, reddish-black pulp. the soil on condition that they paj' the rent and please their landlord, are no less slaves than were the negroes in the South to their owners and masters. 7th — That tlie idea that one man should own large tracts of land to the exclusion of others belongs to the old feudal system, and should not exist in free America. 8th — That it is the duty of the press of this State to show all frauds commit- ted in land matters, by private individu- als or public servants, giving the names of all jsarties therein engaged, that they may be held up to public view, not as enterprising gentlemen, but as public thieves and perjured villains. W. G. GuFFT, Chairman. John Foutnet, Secretary. Paso Kobles, Cal., Feb., 1876. Pnml poWcr. ANTI RESO- he properly benefitted, tlie surface must | """s by thciir owners, who let them out be mulched or worked by hoe and culti- vator, and the part that most needs this IS the extremities of the root. Currants and gooseberries must have a cool, moist place to do well, and if jilanted on dry soil, this is best secured by a heavy mulching of the entire surface. So, if fruit, and of the best quality, is what is sought for, plant close, prune close, and mulch heavy, is our advice. -tImaU Fruit necorder. on hire. A line is first .attached to these peculiar laborers, and he is then sent up a tree, and is said to select suitable fruit with great discrimination, and to twist the nut round ami round till it falls to the ground. Each successive fall of a nut is hailed by the hairy worker with a sort of grim cliuckle of satisfaction. » [In California the fruit growers find it cheaper to import Chinamen to gather fruit. -Ed. J LAND MONOPOLY LUTIONS- ^}[ «?7TD. Aoricdltueist: The following qlf resolutions were adopted at a meet- jjilT. ing of the People's Deliberative {y]\ Association, held at the Estralla <0^ school-house, on the 29th of Janu- ary, 1876 : Wheeeas, under existing laws, large bodies of agi'icultural lauds have been procured by a few individuals who hold them for speculative purposes; and Whekeas, it is an acknowledged fact that great frauds have been committed to procure titles to land in California under the guise of Mexican grants, swamp iuid overflowed lands, Sioux scrip, soldiers' bounty warrant, lien warrants, college scrip, and other scrips; and Waeeeas, the i)ublio journals are the educators of the people; therefore, be it Resolved, First — That it is apparent that the laws governing land matters have failed to secure the rights of the people; and to say that all that is neces- sary is a faithful execution of the laws, is but to throw dust in the eyes of the people. 2d — That upon the principle that the Government has the right to grant to individuals or corporations one million acres, it has the right to grant the whole public domain. 3d — That a system of taxation that would force monopolists to sell their lands would be no remedy to these evils. Noth- ing less than such a change in our laws as would force them to surrender their stolen propertj' to the rightful owners would be adequate to remedying the evil. ith— That no legislative body has the right to grant any of the public lniu]§ to individuals or coipiuatioiis, excepting to the actual settlers and cultivators. 5th — That, according to American ideas, no man is in the full enjoyment of liberty without a home that he can call his own. (ith--That the thousands of our best citizens who are only i)ernuttcd to till GOVERNMENT LANDS IN CANADA. In conti'ast with the way settlers are generally treated in California, we quote the following from a Canada paper as showing how settlers are encouiaged. The Canadians believe that individual prosperity insures the prosperity of the State. They guard the rights of indi- viduals, and no selfish monopolist can defraud the people of their public domain. It is held sacred to actual settlers, as it should be everywhere. '•The conditions of settlement are as follows, according to the latest arrange- ments: A married man with a family can ijre-empt 100 acres, and is allowed to purchase the same amount, to com- plete the half section, at 50 cents per acre; and all single men or women over 18 years of age can get 160 acres free, but are not allowed to purchase any at any price. The terms of settlement are, to clear on each ICO acres, 15 acres, and build a log house within five years after executing the same." MAINE STATE LANDS. There is a large Sweedish settlement in Maine upon lands granted in quarter sections to settlers. The State surveyed the lands, laid out the public roads, built school houses, and a log house on each quarter section, also cleared a few acres, as a starter, and required each settler to clear a given number of acres within five years to become free owner. The result of this is, that the State is gainer by a thrifty and increasing population, and taxable property, while the settlers are well-to-do and independent, gaining in wealth, intelligence and comfort each year. How different this policy from that of California! Here grabbers get all the State lands. Settlers are fenced out of this country, or bled of more money than they can make in ten years, before they can get hold of any. Nature has made a paratlise which man has rendered for- bidden ground to the deserving. Federal Land Guants. — The grants of land made to California by the United States are approximated at 7,5'J0,03a acres. Classified — 500,000 acres are en- tered under the head of internal improve- ments, 1,553,115 as swamp and over- flowed lands, 5,220,1.10 for Thirteenth and Thirty-sixth sections, 40,080 as seminary giant, 0,100 for the erection of public buildings, 150,000 for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts, and 105,000 as salt marsh and tide lands. This makes a territorial area of 2,508,030 acres, or 50 per cent, greater than that of the State of Alassachusetts, which State covers but ■1,902,000 acres. "••^^^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ;0vdnc. The Wild Hog in India. Aff^HE Indian dookur, or -wild pig, if fil not so burly as the great mast-fed hogs of Germany, is a fierce and powerful brute, standing over thirty c>g5 inches at his withers, and wielding tushes which gleam milk-white from his chaps, becoming from six to nine inches long in the well-grown boar. There is nothing in the jungle that he is afraid of, armed with these sharp-edged kmves of ivory and clad in almost impenetra- ble hide. The native shikarris declare that the Deccan boar, when he is thirsty, will " go doOTi to drink at the pool be- tween two tigers, and ask neither for per- mission," while his temper is quick as his courage is high; for they also say that when the wild elephant comes tramp- ling over the sleeping apartments of his wives and children, the iVjokiir will go at the huge intruder and rip at his hocks and tiauk without a moment's considera- tion of their disproportion. Over and over again the panther and the pig have been found lying side by side dead in the forest, after an equal contest; for, once committed to any such struggle, the gray boar goes through with it. Not that he has not speed either, in spite of his short legs and heavy carcass. Colo- nel Shakspeare, a great authority, has just written in his "Wild Sports of In- dia:" " No one but he who has seen it would believe that the wild hog of India can, on his own ground, out-pace at his first burst and run away from the fastest Arab race-horse; but such is the fact. Let the hog be mountain born and bred, —having to travel, in certain seasons of the year, forty or fifty miles every night for his food— then try him on his own hillside, or over the rock and brush of the Deccan, and I will back the hog against the hunter. * * ' No man who has not been an eye-witness of the desperate courage of this animal would believe in his utter recklessness of life, or the fierceness that will make him run up the hunter's spear, which has passed through his vitals, until he buries his tusk in the body of the horse, or, it may be, in the leg of the rider." The boars of the plains, however— especially if they get the run of the sugar-canes and garden grounds— quickly lay on fat and become short-winded; but a pahari, or hill pig, who travels for bis hving, and has to seek it far and wide, does put even a good Arab to his metal over the stones and sun-cracks. He feeds by night, and there is little difficulty in knowing where for the earth w ill be found turned up in heaps as it a subsoil plow or a gang of railway navvies had been at work. "His snout digs sepulchres where'er he goes," and having eaten his fill of forest roots and berries, his "custom always of an afternoon" is to sleep away the hot hght enscoused in some thicket or close cover of spear-grass and coriuda-bush, or per- chance in the coolest and dampest part of the jowarree field or cane plantation. Water he must have near at hand, and thus he is constantly found in the woods which border a stream or the slopes of a hill leading down to a lake or pool. In such places the hunt meets, in the early morning or the later hours of the after- noon, with a village full of beaters eu- gaced to rouse up the great swme, whom they hate because he tramples then- plantations and roots at their young crops. "Hog hunting is," says Colonel Camp- bell, "the most exciting sport in India. As for the pace, there is but one— the very best your horse can muster, be the ground what it may. A lanky, outlying boar can beat a good horse in a spurt of half a mile over the best ground; what, then, must such an animal do over a country covered with loose stones and cut up by ravines'? A hog usually se- lects the worst ground he can find. Go- ing slowly at a boar is very dangerous; tor not oiily may a miss occasion an ac- cident, but, even if you spear him through, he can run up the shaft and rip the horse's entrails out before he has time to turn." And the old boar is con- sidering how to do that as he bounds along, making for the next cover, but aware that two or three of the pursuers are gaining upon him. It is at this juncture racing, steeple-chasing, fox- hunting and fighting— as some one says —are all blended in one; but before it is over the pig will go shares at least in some of the last. Teichinosis ra the West.— Dr. George Sutton has made a report on trichinosis to the Indiana State Medical Society, in which we find some alarming observa- tions: From microscopic examination of pork killed in southeastern Indiana, says the report, we have found from three to six- teen per cent, of the hogs affected with trichina, the number of hogs diseased varying gi-eatly in different localities. That over five millions of hogs are slaughtered and packed in the Western States, not including those which are put up for family use by the farmers; that if four per cent, of the pork is dis- eased, which we believe to be a low esti- mate, we have 221,484 diseased hogs put •annually upon the market; or, at an av- erage of 200 pounds to the hog, 44,296,- 800 pounds of diseased meat, every ounce of which, under favorable condi- tions, is capable of producing disease. That from the cases of trichinosis that came under our observation, and the post mortem examinations, and the eS'ects upon the dog that was fed with the dis- eased meat, we have come to the conclu- sion that ninety per cent, of disease produced from eating trichinous pork appears either as gastro-enteritis, or as a diarrhea or dysentery, and not more than ten per cent, as the fully developed form of trichinosis, in which the muscu- lar system becomes afl'ected. That as diarrhea, dysentery, and en- teritis rank high as causes of mortality in the United States, these diseases caus- ing 31,153 deaths in 1870, .as shown by the last census reports; and as we have seen that a large amount of trichinous pork, capable of producing these diseases is among the principal articles of food in our country, we thing it more than probable that trichinai have a much greater influence in the etiology of this class of diseases than has been recog- nized by the profession. That'll is highly probable that, when the fact becomes more generally known j that so large a percentage of pork is I swarming with trichina?, capable of pro- ducing disease, it may have an ett'ect upon the use of this meat, and conse- quently affect the sale, to some extent, of one" of the principal articles of com- merce in the West." al Live Slock Journal a correspondent, in speaking of the prevalence of this dis- ease in the Western States, makes the following very pertinent remarks on this point: The causes of the disease are obscure; but as it is more prevalent in low and undrained localities than on high and well-drained soil, it is considered to be due mainly to miasmatic and mah rious emanations. Confinement in filthy sties, impure drinking water, and a want of change in food, etc., are also among the causes. We are convinced that many animals of this class are annually lost from the effects of improper food, from living in an atmosphere surcharged with poisonous effluvia, the product of animal or vegetable decomposition. Decompos- ing substances, both animal and vegeta- ble, corn that has undergone a change from long keeping or exposure to damp, and w^hicb is loaded, perhaps, with the sporules of poisonous fungi, brine from the meat tub— these and other simDar substances are often given to pigs as food, and in many instances have been known to cause very great losses. Much that we have seen convinces us of the necessity of more attention being paid to the quality of the food of these animals than is generally being done and also to the nature of their lodgings, as well as the air they breathe. This disease doubtless assumes differ- ent forms under diffrent circum- stances, but the causes are probably the same in all, and might be traced to something radically wrong in the food or general surroundings of the affected animals. Mm^ ^ \\ Hog Choleea. — This is a chsease which of late years has prevailed to a fearful extent in various portions of the country. Very little is yet known of the cause or the" best mode of treatment, although thousands of animals are annually lost by what is said to be hog cholera. But, like many other diseases common among farm stock, there is little doubt that this is the result of improper food or general neglect. In a late numberof the \rs may fully compr(^- hend, without making any man an idol. Such gilt-edged, fidse distinction ruins the best society, like the old caste sys- tem of India. Then your M. D.s spread round thick and stylish; but does not the extra professional dosing largely increase the general poverty? Would it not be wealth to the working class if they would take care of their own health? Even so, evidently. All superfluous offices, legislation, and burdens of old custom or habit in the past, we would throw off and abolish, because thereby labor is taxed, shackled and crushed. \Ve would strike in vari- ous ways; by speech, oral or written, by the newspaper, aud by the ballot. Pity a vast majority of editors are so devoid of brain force and moral back-bone. Never fear to speak the bold and saving truth, for speech is our greatest weapon and power. Speak, sing, write, print, the burning ami blistering truth. "He that would be free, himself must strike the blow." We may make a bloody strike, but there are wiser methods. Ballots are better than bullets. But the best strike of all is co-operation. Strike for manhood, honor, truth and right; with the plow, the hoe, the spade, the ax, the scythe, the hand, the foot. Strike down tyranny and monopoly. Strike up brotherhood and equality. Strike tne saloons, the loafers, the dandies, the pol- iticians, the de.ad-heads, the aristocrats. Strike for the good time coming — the millennium. The Grange movement is national, not sectional; and, therefore, when women vote in Minnesota and Texas, they will do the same in California. Millions of Grangers and Sovereigns will be millions for womiiu's ballot. Then keep it before the people. East, west, north and south — the cause is one everywhere. Government with us is a multiplicity, a combination, a complication ; a mixed, cunning, confused and intricate web, •with the people for warp and woof, and self-weaving; a nice, curious, beautiful, harmonious, perfect system ! Really, all right for the millennium — only wipe out clean the monstrous and diabolical abuses and abominations, and all those am- bitious ones who stand outside, a peg or two above the working class, to boss, assume, grab and monopolize the whole grtind job, and hay on the big taxes. We must mark and correct the foul, black proof-sheet, and pick out the knotty and tangled threads, and kill monopoly stone dead. LABOR. liV MES. L. H. GUNN. Ever since the decree that man shouKl " eat bread in the sweat of his f ace, " hibor has been considered a curse, a de- grading punishment for the sins of our first parents. From the stately Roman of ancient times, down to the men and women of the present age, we find the idea firmly fixed in a certain class of minds thiit work is low, disgraceful, tend- ing to make us mere animals, blunting our moral nature rather than elevating us. An essayist s;iys "things altect the mind ;iccor(liiJgly as we put them;" thus it is with lalKU', if we put it as drudgery, it becomes so, and ceases to be a bless- ing; and so, considering the means with- out the end, nothing that we have of ourselves in this life, is a blessing, foi everything that is worth having is the price of labor, and the bettor, the more valuable a thing is, the harder the work for its attiunment. Iron is heaped in mountain piles, and, comjiarativcly speaking, is obtained with slight labor; while gold-tlakes are the fruits of hard, incessant toil. Fishes, ill countless numbers, are found almost upon the sur- face of the water; but pearls come only California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. by the severe work of the pale diver. The elements of learning are within the reach of all, ami obtained by very little effort; but the higher attainments of art and science are the result of labor and industry only. If a person wishes a high moral character, he must work. Good thoughts and noble deeds never come by idleness. I do not mean by work, necessarily manual labor. A man may work just as hard, and even more severely, with the brain than with the hands alone. If one would write a good book, it is only by years of labor that he can hope to suc- ceed. It he would be an artist, a musi- cian, it is only after a long time of toil that he wins success. Think you that Raphael painted his glorious pictures, or that Shakspeare wrote his wonderful traaediesand comedies without labor. In history do we find one instance where a great advance in improvement and civil- ization has been made but by toil, sacri- fice and bloodshed? Now, if all things noble and beautiful, if every step in the road to success is the price of labor, can work be called a curse, a punishment? No! a thousand times. No! It is one of the blessings given to man. Go to heathen lands, where man lives almost without labor, see him in his degradation and tilth, and then ques- tion, it you can, the wisdom of an all- wise Creator in requiring man to work for his maintenance. Work is, in reality, rest — rest from the sorrows, the petty vexations, the temptations to evil which are caused by, or more felt in idleness — for, are not those days in which we lounge about with no particular aim the most unhappy? Finally, let us work. Worls for some good— be it ever so slowly; Cherish some flower— be it ever so lowly; Labor— nil labor is noble and holy. (SjtluQitional SUCCESS REWARDS MERIT. BY ECONOMY. ITnity. Thought is deeper ihan all speech, Feeliug deeper thaa all thought; Souls to BoulB can never teach What unto themselves was taught. Like the stars that gem the sky, Far apart, though seeming near. In our light we scattered lie; All is thus but starlight here. Only when the sun of love Melts the scattered stars of thought. Only when we live above What the dim-eyed world hath sought, Onl y when our souls are fed By the fount whicU gave them birth, And by inspiration led. Which they never (U'cw from earth, We, like parted drops of rain. Swelling till they melt and run, Shall be all absorbed again, Melting, flowing into one. — [C. P. Crauch. A Xiesson. Last night I weighed, quite wearied out. The question ttiat perplexes still; And that sad spirit we call doubt Made the good nought beside the ill. This morning, when, with rested mind, I try again the self-same theme, The whole is altered, and I find The balance turned, the good supreme. A little sleep, a brief night's rest, Hub changed the look of all that is! Sure any creed I hold at best Needs humble holding after this. — [Chamber's Journal. "That." In the following lines the word that is used to exemplify its various significations: Now. that is a word which may often he joined. For that that may be doubled is clear to the mind; And that that that is right is as plain to the view A8 that that that that we use is rightly used too; And that that that that that line has is right, In accordance with grammar, is plain in our sight. (^jrHERE is no more a royal road to for- tune than to knowledge. He who uses not the judgment, and puts not forth the effort necessary to success, deserves not to succeed, j Success is the reward of merit. There is | no such thing as lack-. Life has no acci- dents. There are misfortunes, it is true, which we neither forsee nor avoid. Events there are whose causes we can neither forsee nor control. But these are the exceptional cases, and their re- sulting disasters may usually be over- come by other and greater success. The more we understand of Nature and her laws, the better able are we to pro- vide against misfortune. The more we understand of the principles and laws of trade, the better able are we to foresee financial changes, and prepare against financial disaster. The farmer who neglects to p'.ow and plant at the proper time, and to cultivate in the proper way, or to take proper care of his harvests when grown, may not be an eminent success in his business; but for this he is not to blame his luck, but himself. The mechanic who has not learned his trade well, and turns out poor work for his employers, fails, as a matter of course; but it is not his luck or his mis- fortune, but his fault that good paying jobs pass his shop for his next neigh- Ijor's. The man who is wasteful and extrava- gant in his living, spending more than his income, is not unlucky, but unwise; and should blame himself, and not his fortune or his stars, when he finds him- self owing more than he can pay. A young man starts in lite with the intention of acquiring a competency and living in comfort. He marries a young wifr>, and both have the same aims and purposes. Both are industrious and frugal. They waste no time. They spend no money unnecessarily. They easily make their income exceed their expenditures. To them the progress to fortune is an easy forward march. This is not luck. Their success is not an accident, but a result — precisely such as must always follow such causes. Another young man has also married a young wife. But they have no ideas of economy or habits of industry. In their stead are notions of extravagance — fashionable attire, fine houses, fine fur- niture, high living, and gay society. They fail, as a matter of course. Their expenses exceed their income; and the occasional visits of officers with writs to their house admits of very easy explana- tion. If they do not learn wisdom from their failure, and change their habits, they can never take the first step on the ladder of fortune. This reckless running into debt — this spending of money before it has been earned — this silly vanity that apes the life and habits of those of greater wealth, is wrong in itself, and must keep even the most industrious in life-long poverty. Persons of such habits fail, and ought to fail. It is not right that one should reap the rewards without practicing the virtues of industry and economy. In business, as in nature, this is an inevita- ble law, and no one can succeed who disregards the necessary conditions. Failure, like physical pain, is for our good, warning us to make amends by re- moving the causes that have led to it. Nature is right. We should not com- plain of her laws, but accommodate our- selves to her inexorable conditions. " But, " says some one, " Old Mean- ness has succeeded. He is rich. Has success rewarded merit in his case?" This is a great mistake. He has rot succeeded. He has amassed money, it is true, but his life is one of the most pitiable of all failures. See him as he walks the streets, preyed upon by the miser's demon. Does he look as if his life had been a success? Knaves and rogues and swindlers may amass wealth, and often do. But God ' has linked to every offence its appropri- | ate penalty, and there is no escaping consequences. Stand up Old Meanness by the side of Mr. Honest Man, whom he has wronged out of house and home. Look them in the face. See the honest, happy expression of the one, smiling even in his misfortunes; the other — the demon of avarice at his soul has carried its contortions to his very countenance. Look at these two, and say which has been the successful man. Which of the two is the more worthy of your respect — the honest man, ujuight in his losses, or the fellow who has stolen himself rich ? But property is necessary to comfort. A man may be happy without it, yet.with it, he and his family will be at least more comfortable. Mr. Honest Man made a mistake. He should not have placed himself in Old Meanness' power. Though his failure has not been so great as that of the rogue who wronged him, he has, nevertheless, failed where he should have succeeded. Though it will be a great comfort to him, as he looks back on the transaction, to feel that he has not sacrificed bis integrity, the loss of the hard earnings of the best years of his life must furnish unpleasant recol- lections. But if he goes to work with energy, economizes his time and earn- ings, makes his dailj- gains exceed his daily expenses, he will soon recover from his losses, and jjossibly have reason to be thankful for the dear lesson experi- ence has taught. Industry and economy- these are tal- ismauic words. He who has learned them is already on the road to fortune. The x^GBictTLTUKAL Pkess. — One hun- dred years ago it was unknown, to-day it has no superior. .\nd as we enter upon our centennial year, it is with pride we refer to it. We mean when we say the agi-icultural press, those who write for the benefit of the tiller of the soil, and those papers published in the inter- est of the farmer. The farmer to-day has access to a literature as pure, as ele- vating and instructive for his calling, as any other profession. This is the more wonderful, when we remember that fifty years ago, " book farmers," or sci- ence applied to agriculture, was sneered at by ninety -nine of every hundred far- mers in the land. Now "the farmer that has not one or more weekly papers on bistable, is going to the wall, "or west." It is a truism, he cannot grow nor sell and compete with the well read, well posted farmer. It is plain to us that in the future there is still greater achieve- ments for this press. The portals of science just begin to reveal the wonder- ful storehouse of nature to the tiUer of the soil. Chemistry just begins to shed its light on the first great occupation of man. Entomology, botany and other kindred sciences liave a storehouse of knowledge so full of interest to the tiller of the soil, that though the next centen- nial may seem a great way off, they will not have scarcely began to unfold their wonders, when our second centennial shall herald its coming with bells and cannon. See what has already been done in perfecting animals, fruits, flow- ers and vegetables! And yet no one can deny that we have but just entered this field of progress. It needs no prophetic vision to assure the farmer that his mis- sion is coming to the front, and that the agricultural press has but just begun its career. Onward to duty, is the watch- word.—^, a. Moss, Cltautauqua Farmer. Every Fabmee Shoth-d Do His Owx Tai-vKiNa. — The Country Gentleman very truthfully says that it is only within a recent period — at least as compared with the epoch of positive assertion, thirty or forty years ago — that we have found out in farming how comi)letely truth too broadly asserted becomes false- hood, with how many qualifications and limitations theories must be hedged about, and what folly it is to lay down any single dogma for the universal ac- ceptation of all. And, as a natural con- sequence in our agricultural literature, the tendency is no longer to pronounce upon this or that practice as right or wrong in itself, but to elicit from those who are successful the modes by which and the circumstances vinder which suc- cess was reached, and then to leave each reader to judge for himself to bow great an extent a similar course of action would suit his own case, and wherein it might be hazardous to his interests. What we ask, in a word, is the experi- ence of others — what we •«ish to teach, that each should think for himself. Faemers, mechanics, merchants, give your sons a moral and intellectual edu- cation as well iis an education of facts. Put not a single dollar away for one of them, to be given after you are gone — while there is a school where they cotild learn, spend it there. Put it where the Sheriff cannot take it from them, or the money changers get it through their ig- norance. Put it in the mind, in the brain, and when you are gone, they will rise up and bless you. But above all, don't say "we have got along without education, and our children are no better than we are;" that would be a disgrace to the age in which we live, an insult to intelligence, a slander upcn common sense. The Indiana Farmer of Xovtmber 6th says: In all our struggles for gain — our desires for fine stock, tine strains, and development of stock — we should not for- get that our sons are also developing into better or .worse men, in proportion as we care for and train their minds. X taste for good reading and habits of thought should be cultivated in their younger years. " Yes, I know it; I said so; uncomfort- ability of temper — them's the words that does it. Well, is there not alkrs nncom- fortability of temper in every family, and allers has been and allers will be? Only in the good old times they used to screw it down and keep it under, and they managed to get along without and of your divorces." The wheat crop of the United States in IfSTO, according to the census, was 288,000,000 bushels. In 1872 it was es- timated at 240,000,000, in 1873 at 287,- 000.000 and in 1874 at 30(t, 000, 000 bush- els, and the average for the last five years is about 280,000,000 bushels. These seems to be a law of animal life that each individual, to be healthy and strong, must have, at least, a certain amount of room. That whenever this law is violated by crowding too many in- dividuals of the same species within a certain space there results disease and degeneration or death. 42 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ®0 OJ0MtriIrut0V!5. Write. BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLStES. Yfs, write, if you want to, there's nothing like frying; Who knows what a treasure your casket may hold V I'll show you that rhymiug's as easy as lying If you'll listen to me while the art I unfold. Here's a book full of words; one can choose ns he fancies, As a painter his tint, as a worliman his tool; Just think! all the i>nemB and plays and ro- mances Were drawn out of this, like the fish from a pool ! You can wander at will through its syllahled mazes. And take all you want — not o copper they cost — What is there to hinder your pickingonr phrases For an epic as clever as Paradise Loot? Don*t mind if the index of sense is at zero. Use words that run smoothly, whatever they mean; Leander and Lilian and Lillibullero Are much the same thing in the rhymiug ma- chine. There are words so delicious their sweetnePswill smother That boarding-school flavor of which we're afraid — There is •■lush" in a good one, and "sv;irl" in another — Put both in one stanza, its fortune is made. With musical murmurs and rhythmical closes Vou can cheat us of smiles when you've no- thing to tell; Vim hand us a nosegay of milliner's ruses And we cry with delight, "Uh, how sweet they do smell!" Perhaps you will answer all needful conditions For winning the laurel to which you aspire By docking the tails of the two prepositions 1' the style o' the bards you so greatly admire. As for subjects of verse, they are only too plenty For ringing the chauges on metrical chimes, A maiden, a moonbeam, a lover of twenty, Have filled the great basket with bushels of rhymes. I,et me show you a picture — 't is far from iiTele- vaut — By a famous old hand in the arts of desim; 'Tis only a photoymphed sketch of an elephant— The name of the draughtsman was Rembrandt of Rhine. How easy! no troublesome colors to lay nn, It can't have fatigued him— no, not in the least — A dash here and there with a hap-hazard crayon, And there stands the wrinkled-skinned, buggy- limbed beast. Ju^jt .so with your verse— 't is as easy as sketch- ing— You can reel off a song without knitting your brow, An lightly as Remorandt a drawing or etching; It 16 nothing at all, if you only know how. ADVANTAGES OF WRITING. We iii-e told that the pnet Cowper once contribiitecl au artii'le to a perioiliciil published in his time on the subjeot of " Keeping a Secret." Although written in a spirit of levity and banter, it had siicli an effeot npon himself that he says "lie never told a secret afterwards." We do not know which most to admire, the candor of the poet or the success of his essay -at least upon himself. This little incident shows what an efleet can be pro- duced upon our minds and characters by liiiiiing down our ideas occasionally and I "Miring tliem out on paper to erystalize. 'I'hiy tlu-n become definite and tangible. In the same line of thought, we are told of a witty Frtmch philosopher who said that when he wanted a book on any particular subject, and could not iind it, \^ lie wrote one. And why should hf) not? i Jle has access to the same nuderials that I anyone else has, and why not put thi?m J in order? Writing upon any given theme is a wonderful eoUecter and condenser of thonght. Ourideasat first come like the invisible particles of moistiire that rise from the Southern oceans. Ascending to the sky above they soon form clouds which, borne on the winds, flood the northern regions of the earth with re- freshing showers. So our ideas, vague and misty at first, soon overspread the canopy of the brain and flood the w hit- ening fleld of manuscrii)t with inky floods of thought. Indeed, the meditative writer will often be astonished at the amount of his knowledge on any given subject when he attempts to write about it. His thoughts will at first come slow and single, like the twilight star.s of evening, but in a little while his whole miud becomes il- luminated with the twinkling gems of thought. Walter Scott, as a school boy, was the butt of the school, and his teacher pro- nounced him a dunce. But Sir Walter Scott, the novelist, historian and poet — the Wizzard of the North — has enter- tained the world with his witching stories, instructed it with his histories and elec- trified it with the i)atlios and sublimity of his poetry. Buhver somewhere frankly acknow- ledges that it was all up-hill business with him when he first began to put pen to paper. He was not only unable to collect his ideas, but, unfortunately, he had no ideas to collect! Can you im- agine, kind reader, a more hopeless case than this? And yet, behold his star, proudly ascendant, shining brightly among his peers in the galaxy of English literature. AVe shall not touch upon innate ideas, or acquired ones, either. W^e shall not inquire whether the infant mind is a tabula rasa — a virgin sheet of white paper as yet not written upon, nor argue that thought is or is not a secretion of the brain, as milk is of the breast, and both of them elaborated from the food by that wonderful alchemist, the human stom- ach. We care not whether according to this materialistic theory, an ear of Indian corn might be sent to Cengress and electrify the nation with its elo- quence. Nor shall we undertake to dis- cuss such questions as the spiritualistic theory, that it is to ministering angels that ever hover around us, we owe all our best and brightest thoughts. We will not, therefore, be like the man who, " On hypothetic dreama and visions Grounds everlasting disquisitions, And raises endless controversies On vulgar theorems and hear-says; Grows positive and confident In things so far beyond th' extent Of human sense, he does not know Whether they be at all or no!" But one thing we do know. The cul- tivation of the faculties of the mind — perception, observation, comparison, reason, memory, or whatever they may be called — strengthens them ; and the attemijts to exjiress in written language the results of that culture make each efl'ort easier than the last, until the per- severing writer acquires a facility of ex- pression as astonishing to himself as it is pleasing and instructive to his readers. But the point which we have attempt- ed to niake in this article is to induce the many and intcllig.^nt readers o( the Agp.icultuiust to take up "the gray goose quill" and become better acquaint- ed with its use and power. "The pen is mightier than the sword." Thei-e are thousands of our readers, young and old, of both sexes, who would Iind it greatly to their benefit to jot down their thoughts daily, about the house, the farm, and the inillicm of topit's connected with active life, its mission and its duties. While we cannot all expect to gain great renown as writers, we should feel it our duty to add our might to the general fund of useful information. We who can appreciate the benefits we receive from the thoughts and experience of others should be willing to give our own for others' benefit. There is no farmer, mechanic, or other industrial person, no house-keeper or general observer, but has some ideas and knowledge gleaned from life that might be of iise to others. A farmer who reads agricultural papers, sees something occasionally that he might criticise to advantage, and could find time to talk about many jiractical things. Then why not write down your thoughts, and give us your experience? We never yet talked with a housewife who could not give some recipe, or who had not some excellent rules for labor- saving management. We want just such jjractical ones to write. Your communi- cations, if not used, will be respected. We want the young men, and young women to write. A little play of the imagination is often refreshing. If we cannot use every contribution we will be frank with you, at any rate. Remember ths prisoner's sjiider who did not reach the opposite wall until after the iiftieth attemjit. gggicitic. PRACTICAL HEALTH TOPICS- NO. 2. (J\^N speaking on this subject I am aware of undertaking a great and exhaustive work, open to conjecture, theory and research by learned men, Kj as well as the various hobbies of the ignorant and thoughtless ones. Still, a few plain remarks on the subject, any- thing, in fact, to set the people to think- ing on so important a matter as the food we eat, of which the blood is made, which in turn supi^lies bone and muscle, tissue and brain power, may not be amiss from any source. It may be well for us to see ourselves, in this Centen- nial year of the nation's growth and piide, as others see us and as we are — " a nation of dyspeptics." Yes, scarce a healthy man or woman can be found in all our land, of American parentage. Indeed, our historians say, that were it not for the foreign element that is mix- ing with the Yankee blood, our nation would die out! Oh, glorious America! Oh, boasted civilization and vain ambi- tion ! How much more might we be and do if we were strong-bodied, like the German and Irish! And what gives them the strength and vigor we lack? Not in- telligence nor climate surely; for in spite of our feeble bodies, the brains are equal, if not superior — taking the masses — to either or any nation. Then what might we not expect from bodies sound and ro- bust. And our climate cannot be ex- celled in any land, taken collectively. Our habits of life vary little with othcvr nations — save in onr food — if we except the high-pressure speed at which we live. It is well known that the Irish, as a nation, live largely on potatoes, veg- etables, coarse bread and milk; the Scotch ditto, with the addition of oat- meal, which is indispensable at each re- jiast in some form; whiio the Germans use coarse, hard, stale bread, vegetables, but little fr«.'sh meat, .and are much given to cotit'ee and beer and a social good time which greatly aids digestion. The wo- men work hard, but out-of-doors and loss over a hot stove than our peo- ple. In none of these countrie..! do you find the everlasting hot bread or biscuit, ( pastry, fresh pork and salted too, fried V meat and potatoes, confections of all kinds, as we do in our land. A German baker told me that he never made a pie or fancy cake in his country; had to learn that here. It was the same with bread-making; he could not sell the old country style of bread here. Con- sequently they lose their health after coming and remaining long enough to contract our habits of eating. Many physiologists claim that we partake of the nature of the food we eat; as, for instance, the carnivorous animals are more savage w-hen fed on meat than when they eat only grains or vegetables; and those Indian tribes who live by hunting, eating meat as the staple article of diet, as the Apache, Navaho, etc., are savage and unfriendly to the whites, cunning and wild, never to be trusted, while those nations who lead a pastoral life, cultivating fruit and grain, and raising cattle for use rather than for food, like the Pemos of Arizona, the Zuui, Mo- (piis and I'uelilos, of New Mexico, are friendly to the whites and at war only with the savage tribes. If, then, food can eft'ect animals and tribes of Indians, as we see it does, why not bring it home to ourselves, and see if our diet is such as to make us the highest and best that is possible. While the land is flooded with health tracts and magazines devoted to this question, like the Science of UeaUli, Herald of Health, Laws of Life, Health Reformer, and plen- ty more like them, surely none of us should ignorantly close our eyes and ears to so important a subject. Careless Haxdlixg of Childkex. — I wish to enter a protest in the name of all nervous persons and of the injured lit- tle ones against the reckless way in which many heedless persons express their love for children, such as lifting them up by their heads, tossing them up in the air, carrying infants on their hands without any support to their backs, and other- wise endangering their limbs and senses. I have now in my mind the case of a man who was rendered a cripple for life through his father's carelessness in lift- ing him by the ankles while he was a small child, he (the father) having un- fortunately lost his balance and turned his child's ankles in such a way that he was lame ever afterwards. Two dift'ereut persons have told me that they knew, when too late, that by their thoughtless play with them they seriously injured infants entrusted to their care, one case resulting in spinal disease and the other in fits. And yet it is a sight daily to be seen — that of people doing these things. Do give the little folks tender hand- ling.— Rural A'eic Yorker. OpKN YouE W'lNDOws.- — There is good sense in this. There are some houses in evei'y town whoso windows might as well be sealed in with the walls for any purpose they have but to let in the light. They are never opened. Summer or W'in- ter. In Winter it is cold; in Summer the flies stray in, or if they are netted the dust sifts through the nets. Now you can tell a jiersou who inhabits such chambers when you pass him in the street, there is such a smell aboiit his clothing. You long for a suifl" of co- logne, or hartshorn, or burnt feathers, or something of the sort to "take the ta.ste out. " A house that is never aired has every nook and corner filled with stale odors of coidced meats, boiled veg- etables, especially cabbages and onions, which, as th« weeks go by, literally reek in their hiding places. Who has not wished sonirtimes to hang a new ser- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. vaut's clothing out of doors some frosty night tmtil it should be tlioroughly aii-ed? S Fine ladies come sweeping into church with their velvets and silks, said velvets and silks giving unmistakable evidence of having been housed in just such shut up chambers. Oh, what a tale that odor of pork and cabbage tells about that la- dy's stylo of housekeeping! The very garments of the children tell the same story of uncleanliuess. It is bad to have unwashed clothes, but there may be an excuse for it; but what excuse is there for unaired ones when the air is so cheap and free? There is death in such close rooms. Better a swarm of flies or a cloud of dust — better frost and snow in a room than these intolerable smells. Dear girls, the hist thing in the morning when you are ready to go down stairs, throw open your windows, take apart the clothing of your beds and let the air blow through as hard as it will. There is health and wealth in such a policy. It helps to keep away the doe- tors with their long bills. It helps to make your eyes sparkle and your cheeks glow, and to make others love yourj^res- ence. Girls who live in those close, shut-up rooms can hardly be tolerated in any circle. — Mail's Journal of Health. Health Maxims. — The best three medicines in the w^orld are warmth, ab- stinence and repose. Whatever promotes a comfortable and harmless state of mind promotes health. Men consume too much food and too little pure air. They take too much med- icine and too little exercise. Patent medicines are temporary in their effects; they alleviate or smother, instead of eradicating disease. Very many diseases are laid at the door of "the weather. " It is the want of weather which brings multitudes in our larger cities to an untimely grave. In small qxiantities and occasionally many things may be eaten with advan- tage, which, if eaten continuously for weeks and months, or in inordinate amounts, would occasion serious resiilts. Persons may outgrow disease and be- come healthy by proper attention to the laws of their physical constitutions By moderate and daily exercise men may become active and strong in limb and muscle. Pads and supporters are all pernicious and worse than useless, because they j teach the system to rely on them, and cannot support one part of the body without causing an unnatural strain on some other iiart, and to that extent tend to disease that part. To all young persons, to students, to the sedentary, and to invalids the fullest sleep that the system will take, without artificial means, is the balm of life ; for without it there can be no restoration to health and activity. Never wake up the sick or infirm or young children of a morning. It is a barbarity. Let them wake of themselves. Speaking of changing the clothing, we consider it hazardous to lessen its amount after dressing in the morning, unless active exercise is taken immedi- ately. No under garments should be changed for lighter ones during the day ordinarily. The best, safest and most convenient time for lessening the cloth- ing is in the morning when we first dress for the day. — Br. IIuU. SpEiNG HyoiENE. — The New York Tri- hiiiie gives a few timely hints in regard to the mistake jieopla oftenj make in early Spring when the weather looks fine, being bright but cold, in going out with insutiicieut protection in clothing, and in letting the fires in the house go out too soon. The old-fastioned belief of our grandmothers that there was a fatal iutluence in the Spring air, was not so great a mistake, but was founded on experience, and they fought against it with flannel wrappings and woolen stockings worn until June ; and we would do well to take a hint in this direction. The records of our physicians show that the standard of general health is lowest in the Spring. This is partially due to the nervous exhaustion of the labor in closed rooms in the Winter, and partially to the less wholesome diet, which, how- ever good it may be, is never equal to that of Summer, with its fresh vegeta- bles and fruits. It is, therefore, neces- sary to Vie prudent in Spring, and in- stead of exposing ourselves to the dan- ger of taking cold, to be very careful how we clothe our bodies, heat our houses and fill our stomachs. AN EPISODE IN MY EXPRESS LIFE. BY "JOE." It had been one of those terribly sul- try days that are sometimes experienced in the Sacramento valley, and, in fact, in all of the interior valleys of CaUfornia, and which no description can convey to the mind of those who have never "been there themselves." I was the sub-clerk (scrub-clerk was what my teasing com- panions were wont to call it) in the ex- press office in a town where the stages from the mines and Sacramento centered, and from the very large amounts of treasure that passed through our hands our office was considered quite au im- portant one. As I said, it had been very sultry, and even the light work of the office had nearly exhausted us. The stages, with their freights of gold-dust, and dust- laden and begrimed returning miners, had come and gone, and those bound for the mines with their coin, and "spick and span miners" that were to be, had gone their way also, and we closed up our day's work, thankful for the approach of the cool and refreshing night. The porter and I slept in the office, while the agent, or head man, had a room adjoining, the door of which opened into the main office. Night dropped down upon us with its cooling breath, and we sat in the gloam- ing, chaffing one another and chatting over such things as lone men will who have been a long time away from home. At length the porter and I built up our beds outside the counter, in the airy of- fice, and stowing ourselves away under the comfortable blankets, which, not- withstanding the heat of the day, were a necessity at night, we were soon lost in the mazes of dreamland. How long I slept I know not, but I was suddenly roused by a heavy hand laid on my mouth and the not very dainty touch of a metal bar to my temple (w'hich, to my gradually awakening senses, resolved itself into the muzzle of a pistol), and a hofu-se whisper of "Lie still, or you're a dead man." I was limp as a rag in au instant, for I knew well what was up. The notori- ous Jack Powers had been collecting il- legitimate tribute in the country about, and our office attracting his attention, here he was. To bind and gag me was short work, and I was tossed over the counter like a pinioned sheep, coming with a bump onto the floor and the por- ter, who I found had preceded me with a similar experience. My ears were free, and my whole at- tention was concentrated in the sense of hearing. I could, after a little, trace the robbers by their foot-falls almost as well as I might have done by sight, by the dim light we always left burning in the office. The agent was brought out from his room, bound and seated in a chair. He was then ordered to deliver up the keys of the vault, in a tone which meant "no delay." He demurred, however, and was coolly advised that his personal safety depended on compliance. The keys were given up, and the robbers set to work at the vault. A combination lock balked them and the agent was called upon to give the combination. A short parley took place on this, for the agent was no coward, and he thought he might gain time enough to frustrate the designs of the robbers. But he reckoned without the host. The ominous "click" of a pistol was heard, and "two minutes for that combination!" was the word. Con- sidering discretion a virtue just then, he practiced it, and gave, in a short pause, broken only by the sound of the key, muttered curses, and then an impatient "D — n this mask; I cant breathe," from the operator, next hurried steps and a fierce, but subdued, voice speaking to the agent — "Curse you; you've lied tons. It's not the combination, and we'll fix you!" " It is the combination," I heard the agent say. " You can't have worked it right or you would open the door." Again the combination was given, care- fully and clearly. Again a pause, with the "click, click" of the knobs and key, and then, to my relief, the creak of the swinging door. The tramp of the rob- bers in and out of the vault, the "sug" of the plump bags of gold-dust as they were dumped into a sack was all that I could hear. Then came the "clean up." " Well, Cap," says a gruft' voice, " we are all right; what'll we do with "these fellers?" " Light out and leave 'em, "a musical, manly voice replied. " Not much," returned the grutf one. "This 'ere feller has seen too much o' me. That cussed door made me hot, and I couldn't stand that mask, and this fel- ler knows me better'n his own brother. He's got to go, sure!" "Guess not," said the quiet, manly voice. " It was your own fault. We've got all we come for, and we'll take no more than we want." " But I tell you my life is wuth more to me, and to you, too, than his'n," the gi-uflf voice answered; "and, by G — , I'll take no chances in that line." " Bill," said the cool voice, seeming to grow cooler as the other heated; " this yer is between you and me. Who is captain of this party— you or me? /say we go as we are ; and if there's to be any shooting there's ((CO to do it." Much more was said by both, and my blood curdled in my veins to hear a man's life made the subject of such con- tention, the man most interested sitting, meanwhile, bound hand and foot, and unable to help himself. Finally, the gruft' voice softened down a little, as if convinced, and said, "All right, Cap. I was wrong and you was right. You go ahead with the rest of the boys and I'll stop behind and keep these fellers from squeaking right away, and after you're well away I'll jiue you." "Not much, Bill," said the manly voice; "that's my biz. I don't leave any of you f eUers . to look after my safety. I'll stop here myself, and you go along with the boys. I'll meet you at the old place all right." A little discussion took place on this point, in which the cool voice came out ahead and the gruff one, with a muttered curse or two, was silent. ! Silence — what silence that was, too!- for what seemed an hour, but which was but fifteen or twenty minutes, and the quiet, manly voice saj'S, "Mister, you'll allow I saved your life to-night, now you must give me a show of one hour for mine — after that I take my chances." A striding stei), a bang of the door, a galloping horse, and — sUciice. I had been squirming around, easy like, trying my bonds, and had got my- self pretty loose, so that it took but a few minutes' tugging to get free, and I was by the side of the agent. He was in a cold sweat, with his teeth clenched and an ashen paleness over his face, visi- ble even in the dim light of the office. I loosened him and the porter, and in a short time the town was alarmed. The amount taken was not as large as it might have been at almost any other time, as the receipts from the mines had been light that day. But it was enough to cause the express company to offer a handsome reward for the arrest and con- viction of the robber whom the agent was so well able to describe. But noth- ing came of it for years. The agent received a terrible shock, which affected his health to such a de- gree that he could never even allude to this night's expci'ienco without the per- spiration starting on his brow. He was given a pleasanter and more lucrative situation in the San Francisco office, and was looked up to by the fledgling ex- pressmen as "grit to the backbone.' One day he received a telegram from a branch office in a southern mining town to "come up immediatelj'." He obeyed, and on arrival was unsuspectingly ush- ered face to face with the man who had so fiercely argued with his leader for a man's life. The robber had been shot through the lungs while being pursued for horse-stealing, and the reward yet out had sharpened the wits of his cap- tors, and they wanted the agent to iden- tify him. The identification was complete, and horrified the spectators, for the instant the agent saw the robber he sprang for him with blazing eyes and clenched teeth. The bystanders immediately grappled him, and then the ensuing scene was said to be ten-ific. The robber, with his hfe ebbing away, lay supinely on a pal- let, blood slowly oozing from his mouth, while the agent raged, a madman, in the hands of the bystanders. He foamed at the mouth, cursed the dying wretch as never man was cursed before, and was finally dragged away to fall, weak and exhausted, into a chah- in an adjoining room. The robber died of his wounds, with- out disclosing anything concerning the robbery, but the recollection of it, to us who were there, is a terrible reality, as ■iivid as ever. Stock raising in San Diego County has experienced a very decided increase during the past year, the aggregate value now being $.577.'903, against §373,306 in 1871 and $339,680 in 1873. The am- ount of bees has also increased from '2,i58 hives a year ago, to 8,761 hives in 1875. * — , , — In making whiffletrees, they will be srtonger if the front side of the whiffle- trees is nearest the heart timber and the back side toward the bark; they will re- tain their shape longer if the timber be split in this direction, not across the grain of the wood. Do not forget to renew your subscrip- tions at once. In doing so, obtain the names of your neighbors also. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. mi^ mu\ (f^\xh. n The Country Boy. PITY tho poor little country boy, Away on his lonely farm! The holidays bring him no elegant toy; He has no money; there is no shop: Even Christmas morning hia work doesn't stop; He has cows to milk, — he has wood to chop. And carry in on his arm." Did you hear that, Fred, as you came through the gate. With your millt-pail full tc the brim? No envy hid under yuur curly brown pate — You were watching a star in the morning sky. And a star seemed shining out of your eye; Y'our thoughts were glad, you couldn't tell why; But they were not of toys, or of him. Tet the city boy said what he kindly meant. Walking on by his mother's side, With his eyes on the toy-shop windows bent. Wishing for all that his eyes could see; Longing and looking and teasing went he. Nor dreamed that a single pleasure could be Afar in your woodlands wild. You ate your breakfast that morning, Fred, As a country buy should eat; Then you jumped with your father upon the sled And were olf to the hill for a load of wood; Quiet and patient tJie oxen stood. And the snowy world looked cheerful and good. While you stamped to warm your feet. Tlien your father told you to take a run, And you started up the hill; You were alone, but it was such fun I The larch and the pine tree seemed racing past Instead of yourself, you went so fast; But, rosy and out of breath, at last You stood in the sunshine still. And all of a sudden there came the thought — While a brown leaf toward you whirled. And a chickadee sang, as If they brought Something they meant on purpose for you. As if the trees to delight you grew, As if the sky for your sake was blue— "It is such a beautiful world!" The graceful way that the spruce trees had Of holding their soft, white load. You saw and admired; and your heart was glad. As you laid on the trunk of a beech your hand. And beheld the wonderful mountains stand In a chain of crystal, clear and grand. At the end of the widening road . Oh, Fred! without knowing, you held a gift That a mine of gold could not buy: Something the soul of a man to lift From the tiresome earth, and to make him see How beautifid common things can be— A glimse of heaven in a wayside tree — 'I'he gift of an artist's eye! What need had you of money, my boy. Or the presents money can bring. When every breath was a breath of joy? You owned the whole woUd, with its hills and trees, The sun, and the clouds, and the bracing breeze, And yuur hands to work with: having these, You were richer than any king. When the dusk drew on, by the warm hearth fire, You needed nobody' r pity; But you said, as the soft flames moiinted higher. And the eye and cheek of your mother grew bright. While she smiled and talked in tho lovely light (A picture of pictures, to your sight) , " I am sorry for boys in the city!" —[St, Nicholas, "OUR CORNER." M'ell, little folks, hero we are, with so many letters I'm afraid the Edi- tor will hardly give us room for them all, but Aunt Polly won't have to talk so much if yon young folks keep the corner filled. Don't make your letters too long, and there'll be plenty of room for all. We'll led Jenny speak first, as she brings a rebus with her letter: LivERMoHE, January, 1870. Daui- Aunt Polly: — I was reiiding tho .Xt'.RictTLTUiiisT and saw your Greeting to tho Young Folks and the puzzle you gave out, and thought, as you asked the " cousins " to send in the answer if they could find it out, I would send it, as I had mnde it out. I think it a very hard one indeed. I did not understand it at first, and niy brother showed me how to make out the first one or two and I found the rest out myself. The three- fourths of a cross is 1'; the circle com- plete is O; the upright where two semi- circles meet is B; the acute-angled trian- gle standing on feet is A; the two semi- circles are C-C, and the circle complete is 0 — all together forming "Tobacco." I remain yonr friend, Jennie D. Well done, Jenny! Your rebus will be found below. I hope others will fol- low your example and send in original rebuses, charades, enigmas, riddles, co- nundrums— anything for us to puzzle our brains over. SoQUEL, January, 187G, Bear Aunt Polh/: — My papa takes the AGRictiLTUEisT, and I have read the let- ters of the little boys and girls, so I thought I would try and write one. I have a nice little colt named ' ' Stocking- feet." It is not old enough to ride yet. We — my brother Frank and I — have got a nice big black dog named " Nig," that we are training to work in harness. When we get him trained so he will work good, Pajja has promised to make us a nice wagon. We have lost the pa- per that had your address in and don't know how to direct this letter. Mamma says direct it to the Agricultueist Of- fice, San Jose. From your nephew, G. M. Oed. Aunt Polly is very glad you tried, and wishes every one would do as much. Next time direct to Aunt Polly, Agricul- turist Office, San Jose. Dear Aunt Folly: — Mamma says that you want all the little children to write to you every mouth. I don't know what to tell you about because I don't know what you would like to know, but I hojje some more boys and girls will write to you and tell what they got for Christmas. I think Tom's sister Mary was real good to write for him, don't you? I laughed at Tom losing his apples, but I think it was real mean to play such a trick, don't yon? I believe I know that boy, Tim, that shot that rat, but his name ain't Tim. To-day it is snowing a little, right here in San Jose. Geoegie. AVhat Aunt Polly wants to hear about is just what most interests you, and whatever you think would be interesting to the other little readers of Our Cor- ner. Aunt Polly: — I am twelve years old, but not too big to want to write to you, because I've guessed the puzzle you put in tho i^aper, and hope you will give us a new one every month. I like puzzles. The answer to this one is "Tobacco," and I don't mean to ever use it. My father don't, nor Uncle Ed, and it don't seem as if a gentleman would, either. Eddie T. Certainly you're not too big, Eddie. Aunt Polly allows a great deal older boys than you to write to her, provided they don't use tobacco. SrEiNG Lake, Cal. Dear Aunt Folly : — I am afraid to try to write you a letter, because so many little boys and girls will write so much better letters than I can. I think of lots I want to say, but somehow I don't know how to tell it in a letter. Mamma says we should always try. I think it is a real nice plan to have a cor- ner all to ourselves in the paper, and hope lots of little boys and girls will write letters for it, because it is such fun to read them. I did not guess your puz- zle, but was told the answer to it, and I'm sure I hope that no one I like, or ever care to like, will ever use such nasty stuir. If all the girls in the world were like me they would just say to the boys, " If you use tobacco at all when you are men we will never, never speak to you, or go anywhere with you, or do any- thing you want us to — no never!" Would not that be just right. Aunt Polly? And they mustn't drink, whiaty either. Oh, Aunt Polly, I guess my letter is too long already, so I will close it. From your little friend Willa Eose. It would no doubt be a good thing if every little girl, and big girl too, were as determined as Willa on the tobacco and whisky subject; but she must remem- ber that there are habits almost as bad that little girls are apt to fall into. There isn't room in the corner this month for Willa's little brother, so he'll have to wait. Aunt Polly thanks you all for your letters, and hopes to hear from a great many more cousins before next month. She is sorry she has no hard puzzles for you to crack this time, but she would like to see who can form the greatest number of separate words from the word "carpets." Of course you can use each letter as many times as you please. Here is an enigma some one has sent us: I was not in the beginning, yet was present at the creation, and with the morning stars when they sang together; with Moses when he talked with God and with the old prophets, but not with the disciples. I dwell neither on laud nor water, yet itm found in the ocean and on the continent. I am with the old in their sorrow, and share the joys of youth. I am a stranger to the rich, but the miser cherishes me in his gold. Am with the widow and orphan, yet dwell with the opulent ;xnd am embraced by all with love. I am with the school- boy when he learns his lesson or spins his top, and the schoolgirl speaks loudly of me when she exclaims, " 0, do help me write a composition!" Here is Jennie's rebus: My first is in heat but not in cold; My second is in silcer but not in gold ; My third is in fear but not in doubt; My whole is what no man can live with- out. N. B. — The answers should ;ihvays accompany puzzles that are sent. Ijouodioldf^ciuliug; FRIENDLY LETTERS--No I. BY MES. M. E. T. eae Editor: Please permit me to ex- press my admiration for the new volume of the Agricultueist. It is delightful, and too much cannot be said in its praise. I would like, also, to thank those who have, by their labors, aided you in placing before us a miigazine so admirably adapted to our real wants. Every page is fraught with interest. The selections are well chosen, the jjoetry excellent, and letters and other correspondence instructive in the highest degree; the 3vholo presenting a delightful reality that cannot fail to bo appreciated by readers everywhere. What a pleasant treat are the letters from the little folks to Aunt Polly? and who does not love to rciul them ? Please allow me to say to tho little BOiS AND GIRLS who read the Agriculturist, I hope you are all trying to be good children. Little boys, let me say to you, bo very careful about tho habits you form. Do not use bad words, do not swear, and above all never learn to smoko or chew tobacco, and some day you will feel thankful that these fetters do not bind you in slavery, i I have a boy, taller now than his mother, J and of whom I am proud. I will tell you of the little contract we made, when he was scarcely higher than my knee. Willie promised that he would never use bad words, never use tobacco, nor visit saloons before his twenty-first birthday. For these promises I gave him the jjretty speckled hen and her brood of chicks, the beautiful bay colt that trotted so nicely, and then, if he kept his pledge faithfully till the specified time, he was to have other presents according as we may make further agreement. This con- tract is still standing firm. It has never once, to my knowledge, been violated, and I feel sure now that it will not be. Perhaps some of the little boys who read this would like to make such a contract. I think it a very nice plan, for bad hab- its are generally formed in youth. Sometime, if our kind Editor will grant me space, and you wish me to, I will tell you some funny little stories that a mother's memory has treasured — the wise saying of a sister and brother that will make you laugh all over. I think your little letters to Aunt Polly are very nice, and I hope to see many of them in the Agricultueist. the up-countet letters. And now, if my letter is not already too long, I will say to my invalid friend — Yes; there is one reader at least that can "comprehend it all," that has "felt and endured" the very same, that can tell the same sad story. For twenty years I have been a member of this "Or- der of Wretchedness," submitting as patiently as possible to its cruel laws. Ah ! if we only knew before entering what a gloomy place we should find, how care- ful we would be to guard our footsteps! But, alas! we venture on till we cross the threshold, and tho door is shut; we find no way of escape, and no rest for the aching body. Separated from the happy outside world, everything seems changed. We cannot understand the unecjual laws that govern our destiny. Not all the guilty are doomed to enter — some escape with impunity; others declare that in- justice is done them — that the rod of utUiction falls not in consequence of vio- lated laws, nor through inherited sins. Are we, then, unfairly dealt with? Does Mother Nature surround us with mystery in order to hide her partiality? Or does she grieve over our ignorance, and lament over our short-sighted vision ? To these perplexing questions comes only the echo of a silent answer, too faint to satisfy the anxious soul. How much wiser to cease from worrying. Why oppress ourselves about that which wo can neither make ner mend? Why be troubled about that which is beyond our sphere, and which only tends to lengthen the shadows that darken our pathway? Bather let us trust in Provi- dence, believing that an all-wise Creator governs the universe. And now, kind Editor, I once more crave your indulgence before concluding my variety letter. "A Devoted Sub- scriber" asks HOW TO WASH flannels without "shrinking, changing color, and feeling sticky." Of course, some colors are so poor that a simple wetting will fade them; but aside from such excep- tions, the first reiiuisite is ijood soap. Never use any of tho cheap chemical soap for flannels, but make a suds from good soap, in quite hot water. Kub the pieces to bo washed quickly and carefully and wring them; then, in water equally hot, rub them through a very light suds. Two waters as usually sufficient to cleanse them. Wring as dry as possible, and California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. shake out the wrinkles. The entire pro- cess should be gone through quickly,and ahviiys on bright, drying days. This is my phiu. and the best I hiive over tried. THE NECESSITIES OF LIFE. BY MRS. LILLIBKIDGE. The necessities of life, such as food, raiment, shelter, warmth, etc., are so in- dispensable to life and comfort that where we see the lack or want of them, it arouses our sympathy and thrills our hearts with pity. The horrors of slow starvation, or the death by exposure, as the cast-away upon the ocean, or the still more frequently met homeless, house- less wanderer, the foot-sore, friendless outcast, who meets no smile, no joy on earth — these vibrate each sympathizing chord of our natures, and we give of our abundance, or even share our scanty means with them. This is well. Sur- face sorrow strikes the eye and awakes the pitying spirit, which seeks to relieve. Would that this feeling were more gen- eral. But how few think of the soul needs — the heart hunger — the slow starvation of the affections — the more than blight of all that renders life happj' or desirable! How many maidens, forced to barter themselves for a home and find they ai-e only unhappy wives and unwilling moth- ers, can attest this truth. There is an atmosphere of coldness in a loveless home — Oh! so cruel, so hard to bear. It freezes all the life-springs of endeavor, and sets a hopeless seal of discourage- ment upon the brow of youth, causing a poverty of spirit worse by far than the tattered garb of the street beggar. There is a sorrowing widowhood in unmated hearts and an orphanhood of soul in the ofTspring of such uncongenial parents. There is loneliness and desolation for those who yearn love and companion- ship. There is death — death by keenest of starvation. Many possessed of wealth and fame, are writhing in torture and privation for their soul-needs are unresponded to, and their gold is but a mockery, and fame worthless to a soul who thirsts for love. Oh, no; the great necessities of life are not merely food and clothing for the body; that is well, but cannot satisfy all the aspirations of humanity. We want the blending of soul with soul, and life with life, in harmony and love. This is wealth worth possessing; this is an in- heritance worth receiving. Let us culti- vate it, live it, and bestow it more fully upon our children. UP-COUNTRY LETTERS— NO. 3 BY RACHEL A. ELY. Fatigue, weariness of soul, discomfort, rain, mud, swollen streams and snow — all these, and a sense of homelessuess, have been my daily companions the past week of travel to my retreat in these mountain hills where, in a charming lit- tle valley, I propose to tarry a while. But now that the sun shines once more, snow is gone, mud drying, and Nature smiles in her spring garments of emer- ald, my own flood tides are drying, hope again tips my w'eary heart with its golden light, and as the old aches and pains grow less under its magic touch, I calmly wait and fold my patient hands to watch if the quiet calmness of mountain air and life is truly building up wasted vitality and easing the everlasting cough which threatens to sunder soul and body. My hostess is one of the old-fashioned sort, I fat and motherly, but full of duties — three men and four children beside my- self constitute her family — but, by keep- ing steadily at work from early dawn until ten or past at night, she manages to keep ahead of her work. But wnen harvest times comes I fear she will fail. I sit and watch her by the hour (for the weather won't permit of my sitting out- side yet), wondering how she can man- age to keep so fleshy under such a press of work, and why, if she is truly healthy, is she so full of aches and pains. Sit- ting down to a breakfast table with fried bacon, hot griddle cakes, coffee, cream, fried potatoes and buttered toast, is simple enough, but yet this hearty woman eats a bit of toast and drinks a cuji of coffee, and even that distresses her. To be sui'e, she is tired and warm with being up since four o'clock, feeding pigs, helping milk, etc, and cooking the breakfast, with tne children about her wanting this and that, and distracting her mind in a thousand ways. I pity her, as I quietly lie in my adjoining bed- room and hear distinctly .even the frying of the meat. No wonder she loses com- mand of her temper, with three men watching and hurrying, but not offering to help her — all the children half dressed, and the baby crying from the cradle — the frying bacon making as much noise as any, and filling every corner with smoke, even creeping into my room. I wonder they don't open the windows and door and air the room. Can all this have anj'thing to do with her weak digestion and gorged liver? After quiet is restored, men are gone to work and baby sleeping, I go out, take my cup of new milk and bread, and, as I eat, watch the washing of dishes and sweeping of rooms — if it is not washing day — and I am more surprised continu- ally to see how much and varied are this woman's duties. No sooner are the beds made, rooms swept, milk skimmed, dishes washed, butter worked or churned, and lamps cleaned — between all of which the care of the baby and the two-year- old boy and four-year-old girl must be attended to — than is the dinner to be got, with vegetables (mostly cabbage or beets), boiled salt pork and potatoes, and pudding or pie. Again the hurry and heat, and with blazing face and baby in arms she sits down to try to eat. Poor so\il! a cup of tea, slice of bread and butter, or bit of pie, is all she can swal- low— though she feeds the fretful baby, to keep it quiet, on pork and potato, with sips of strong tea. I wonder if such food is not one cause why the baby cries and is so troublesome — though she dont seem to he able to nurse it enough, eating so little herself. Well, these thoughts tend to amuse me and when I gain strength I shall try to study them out, for I cannot understand these things. Do all farmers' wives work so — helping milk, feeding pigs, etc., besides so many in-door cares and inconveniences of house, carrying in water and emptying again, etc.? Her husband is kind and affectionate, but he thinks her strong and hearty, yet I know her to be ailing and hurt by the constant drain upon her system, which, I fear, will give way one of these days. A VOICE FROM THE RURAL DISTRICTS. Dear Editor: I hear that an agricul- tural journal published in San Jose de- signs offering, for the accommodation of its numerous country subscribers, to fill orders in groceries, dry goods, or fancy articles at a small advance upon the first cost. If yours be the enterprising com- pany' ready to help us poor dwellers in rural districts in making life more en- durable, accept our most earnest thanks. Your estimable paper has been a welcome quest at our fireside ever since its first number was issued, and the valuable hints for the farmer and stock raiser, with the useful household reading, make it the very best paper published on this coast. Your friend and well-wisher, UOUSE-KEEPEB. [Yes; we have really undertaken to accommodate our subscribers by procur- ing any articles they may order on the best possible terms as to quahty and price. We do this without asking remu- neration in commissions. Persons who desire to take advantage of full markets, but cannot afford to spend the time and go to the expense of traveling, can be just as well, or better served by sending orders to us for anything sold either in San Jose or San Francisco. Our ar- rangements for doing this business, in both places, are most complete, and will be found thoroughly reliable. — Ed.] A HOUSEHOLD LETTER. BY MAKY MODOTAIN. FROM "OVER THE HILLS." One of the pleasantest things I have found in the beginning of centennial year is the improvement in our agricultural papers. When the Januarj' number of the California Agricultueist came to hand, we first admired the handsome, new title page, and then a dip hero and there assured us that it had brought a well-furnished interior, and such variety that each one might find something es- pecially suited for self. It is right that farmers' papers should be sociable and in some sort familiar in style, and I am often astonished that they suit our conditions of life so well, when prepared, as they must be, amid the distracting activities of the city. Yet here they come from out those "noisy ways," — come dropping into homes on hill or plain, breathing the very quiet of these homes, filled to the brim with sympathy and cheer, becoming thus a part of all our lives. Last summer, when Jew'ell and her advisers were agitating the yeast and bread business, it became a lively topic for us, and how free we were endorsing this, or censuring that, according to the range of personal experience! There was great temptation to snatch a pen and take a turn at "stirring the dough," or giving the obstinate loaf a "raise;" but just then we were in the midst of the "company campaign," and one must look sharp or her own cake will be dough. If we always had time to write when the fit is on, when suggestion or question has roused the wish and ability to re- spond, the editor would be overwhelmed with "copy" and might even cry out in dismay, "save me from my friends!" For my own part, I never read one of our good home papers without finding something to which I would like to re- spond, and in your last there is so much, so much — as if each contributor had brought a "best gift" to enrich the first offering of the year. Yet we feci sure there is plenty more as good and yet to come from Grandfather, Snip and Jew- ell, from Up Country Letters, Busj' Bee, and brisk Nell Van, who can turn her hand to anything. To her I looked up w'ith the profound respect that is due to one who can calmly and gallantly lead in the upper ranks of hygiene. How, then, can I describe the tremor of doubt and dismay that seized my mind as I stepped one morning inside her gate and sniffed — doughnuts! Nell Van frying dough- nuts! I could as easily imagine "Water- cure Trail" inside there eating them. However, that "smell may come from the neighbors." So I "compoged myself, as Sairy Gamp would say, and rang the bell as if nothing had happened. But inside the door it smelt nuttier than ever, and I could not help asking the gay little woman, " Is it possible, Nell Van, that you fry doughnuts?" And she answered, truthful as George Washington, "O, yes; once in a while!" So I had something to think about as I came home, and was very glad I had caught her at it. For, although I read papers that do denounce doughnuts (and some deserve this ill name), yet I continue to make them in the winter, "to please ray husband," and then, very kindly, I help to cat them up; for they are plain and light, no more greasy than a piece of bread and butter. There are two prime faults that spoil a great many doughnuts. Fault No. 1 — Made up too rich, or two soft, and sure in either case to soak fat. Fault No. 2 — Fat not kept at boiling point. Must be boiling (not burning) all the time. A receipt for doughnuts in your Janu- ary number is very good, I should think, if the butter were left out. It seems as if an}' grease mixed in the dough opens wide doors for the entrance of more grease while the cakes are frying. If mixed w'ith skim milk, a very little cream may .safely be added, and buttermilk will do for mixing if not too butterv. FAMILIAR TALKS— No. 6. BY SNIP . i.EFORE I commenced gardening I thought there was more fun than |) work about such an occupation, but nave come to the conclusion _ that it is just the other way — es- pecially when one has a piece of work nicely finished and suddenly finds it must all be done over again. For in- stance, last month, thinking one day it was going to rain, I hastened to set out nearly a hundred cabbage plants. The storm did come, and before it was over, part of the garden fence blew down, and before it could be repaired the chickens destroyed the plants. I have an idea they were better natured about that than I was when I had to set out another lot. But in spite of all discouragements and drawbacks, I enjoy the work; for while I am putting the dry seeds into the warm earth and watching the tiny plants scringing up, I enjoy, in anticipation, as I shall in reality after a while. The nice, fresh vegetables I will have nfxt summer independent of the vegetable peddler. Of course, it will take work and time and care, but do you not think I shall be well paid by being able to gather vege- tables fresh and crisp? Lust season, during a visit to a friend in this valley, I went with one of the girls to get some tomatoes. On entering the garden, I looked around to see where they were, and finally saw them pulled out of the weeds which were in greater abundance than the vegetables. "Do you raise many vegetables?" I asked. "No; some- how they do not do very well." I should think not. On a farm of 160 acres a small garden was fenced in, and one- third of it occupied with Mission grape vines that did not furnish enough fruit for the tabic, and of course none could be canned or put up in any way for win- ter. The remainder was used for vege- tables, but as they received but little cultivation, and weeds will grow without it, the latter were in greater abundance than anything else. With a good arte- sian well on the place, not a particle of California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. wiiter was turned to the garden. "To what use do you put that stream of wat- er?" "None at all." Although the same man has owned the place for six- teen years, he put out last season, for the first time, some evergreen trees. AVith plenty of water, these trees had to l)c watered by hand — the water carried all of two hundred yards in pails. All the water for the house, and for washing, had to be carried still farther. When the chickens were not laying they were not fed, because "there was no profit in feeding" them then; and when they laid, why, they were "doing well enough on what they picked up." As a matter of course, chickens don't pay on that farm. The cows are milked anywhere from five o'clock to ten in the evening. There is butter on the table only half the time. "Cows don't pay without green feed;" but no effort is made to supply such feed. The boys are leaving home as soon as they are old enough, and the girls learning ti'ades. This, as many a one in California can testify, is not an exceptional case. Is it because nature is so lavish that people think no work or carefulness is needed? In strong contrast to this picture, an- other arises before my mind's ej'e, viz: farming in the old Key.stone State. The outside things were different. The farm in good order, fences in perfect repair, a large, commodious barn, well tilled. In- stead of one or two cows to furnish milk and butter about half the year, five to eight and ten was the number found on nearly every farm, and a tub of butter for market every week. Every farm had a large garden and a good orchard. The farmer carried berries of nearly every kind to market, with apples, potatoes, beans, and nearly every week a basket of eggs. In the winter turkeys and chick- ens were sent off hy dozens. True, many of the farmers were what people here would call "old fogies," but as a general thing they were intelligent, and once convinced that a new idea was a good one, tliat was the right way to do ever after. I do not wonder that Eastern people are in ecstacies over California when they come here in the winter. Two days ago I had a letter from Baltimore in which the writer stated that the weather was bitterly cold and it was dangerous to venture out because of the ice. To-day, the lith of February, is too pleasant for one to remain in-doors. Bright and warm, at least it is here in the moun- tains, the air pure and bracing, every- thing green and fresh, the wild flowers springing out of the warm ground — is it surprising that the first settlers here called it God's own country? But you h,ave such terrific storms in the mountains. Well, suppose we do. 1)0 you not think we appreciate pleasant weather when it comes? AVe are free from fogs, have an ever-changing picture of beauty before us, for we can look over an area that you dwellers in the valley cannot see one-tenth of at one time. The air is pure and free, and we are healthy and free, too. Not so entirely shut out from the world as one might think, for we have the best of companions — books and papers. THE GENIUS OF THE KITCHEN. BY MKS. E. M. ABBOTT. Yes, dear reader, why not? If we have always associated the word . CHOICE RECIPES. CONTRIBUTKD BY LADY COBEESPO.SDENTS. Ginger Sponge Cake. — One cup of molasses, one of butter, two of brown sugar, four of flour, one of hot water, four epgs, one large teaspoonful of soda, two tablespoonf uls of ginger. Bake in a moderate oven. Pl.ain Kailkoad Cake. — One table- spoonful of butter, one cup of sugar, one egg, one and a half cujis of fiour, two-thirds of a cup of milk, half a tea- spoonful of soda, one teaspoonful cream of tartar. Lemon Pie 'SVithodt Lemons. — Two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, one of flour, three of water, four of sugar, and one teaspoonful of extract of lemon. Good Breakfast Cake. — Cold mashed potatoes mixed with flour and rolled out and cut into biscuits are very nice and healthful. Oatmeal and • Cocoandt. — Oatmeal mixed with grated cocoanut makes a very attractive cake to both old and young. Take three heaping teaspoonfuls of grated, or two of prepared dessicated cocoanut; add to it half a pint of fine oatmeal and two heaping teaspoonfuls of sugar; stir into it one gill of boiling wat- er, and mix thoroughly together; turn it out on the rolling board, roll thin, and cut out as for common crackers. If wanted very nice, jjut a piece of citron and half a dozen currants into each cake, sticking them into the dough. Bake in a slow oven, and watch carefully lest they brown a shade too deep. To make crisjiy, let them stand a day or two in an uncovered dish. A Nice Dish. — To cook fine hominy, boil with considerable water until soft, and thicken just before serving with corn starch dissolved in cold water. Graham gems, wuth cocoanut and sug- ar added, are also an improvement on plain gems when eaten cold. Graham Flohr Puffs. — One quart of sweet milk, two eggs, flour to make a thin batter; fill the gem pans two-third full, and bake in a quich oven. Mashed Potatoes. — Mashed potatoes are very nice with only salt and sour cream added. You will find it better than sweet cream to use. To make nut cake, take one-half cup of butter, one and one-half cups of sugar, two cupsful full of flour, three-fourths cupful of sweet milk, one cupful of nut meats, two eggs, or the whites of four, one teaspoonful of cream tartar and one ane-half teaspoonsfnl of soda. Iiilomciu SOMETHING ABOTJT WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE. GAIN women citizens of the United .T/iV/li States have memorialized Congress, this time asking the right of suf- '^Urf frage in the District of Columbia. <^'e)'' Why the "white men" who repre- sent us — or pretend to — don't give up and let the women vote, is more than we can account for. Surely every man born of a woman should km^w tliat when a woman makes up her mind for a thing she will accomplish it soimer or later. 'J'his matter of sullVage for women is only a qiK'Stion of time, and that time can' only be gauged by man's perverse- ness and stupidity. Here is a string of "whereases" and a "therefore" in sub- stance as set forth: Whereas, the United States Su]n-eme Court has decided (in the cases of Spen- cer vs. The Board of Registration, and Webster vs. The Judges of Election of this District, ) that by the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment ' ' women have been advanced to full citizenship, and clothed with the capacity to become voters," and further, that this section does not execute itself, but requires the supervention of legislative power in the exercise of legislative discretion, to give it effect; and whereas Congress made an nnjust discrimination in giving suffrage to colored men in the District of Colum- bia, and refusing to give it to women — thus depriving the intelligence and mor- al jjower of citizens of said District of a fair opportunity of expression at the polls; and whereas woman suffrage is no experiment, but is universally admitted to be successful in Wyoming, which has been redeemed from lawlessness through it; and whereas, a fair trial of equal suf- frage for men and women in the District of Columbia, under the immediate su- pervision of Congress, would demon- strate to the country that justice to woman is policy for men: and whereas, "the woman citizens of the United States are govermd without their own consent, are denied trial by a jury of their p>eers, are taxed without representation, and are subject to manifold wrongs, result- tng from unjust and arbitrary exercise of power over an unrepresented class;" and whereas, this is the centennial year, when the spirit of '76 is breathing its infiuence upon the people, melting away all prejudices and animosities and in- spiring in our national councils a clearer perception of individual rights; there- fore, the memorialists pray Congress to establish a government for the District of Columbia which shall secure to its wom- an citizens the right to vote. One of the strongest petitions of this kind ever offered was placed befoi-e Con- gi-ess, in 1873, by Dr. Mary E. Walker. Among a host of reasons why suffrage should not be witheld from woman, the doctor urged the following strong point: " The equality of the rights of women with men, when the Constitution was framed, was not questioned by our fore- fathers, for i€0>nen were at tliat time voting in the State of New Jersey, and co«(i)i- ued to exercise the riyhl for two gena-ations, without their constitutional rights ever having been questioned, dearly procing that it was the intention of the fathers to secure such rights to women as well as men. The fact that the women did vote unqirestioned, proves the spirit of the Constitution, for it was in the time of its framing, and while its framers were all licinq, and ready to explain the spirit of the same." Authentic reports from Wyoming show that great benefits have resulted from women's power to over-balance such evils as politically curse the communities where they are denied the ballot. We cannot close this article without calling attention to the fact that a sister republic on this continent recognizes that woman has a right to her rights, at least politically, and no foolishness. Read the annexed on woman suffrage in Chiii:; "A curious question has arisen in some towns in Chili on occasion of the inscrip- tion of citizens in the electoral registers. At San Felipe one woman presented her- self for registration, one at Casablanca, and ten at La Serena. As the law makes no distinction of sex, and as the only ([ualifications required for citizenship are to have attained one's majoi-ity and possess a knowledge of reading and * writing, the Boards decided to register said representatives of the weaker sex, so that at the coming elections women will be admitted to vote." California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. fym^mnUim. DEEP PLOWING. BY MECHANIC. D. AoRictrLTUKisT : The correspon- dence on this subject, in your last issue, reminded me of the fact that I had promised you an article on the same subject, and I propose to state facts, as they have come under my observation, believing demonstration to be the crowning point of theory. In the famous Genesee valley (when it was new) some of the most successful farmers were advocates of shallow plow- ing, which succeeded for a time in pro- ducing fine crops. In a few years the shallow surface appeared to be exhausted 01 its fertility and produced very light crops, when deep and thorough pulver- izing of the soil, to the depth of ten or twelve inches, again produced heavy crops. The old, worn-out fields of Montgom- ery county, and other counties of Mary- land and Delaware, in 18-18, could be bought for 75 cents to $1 50 per acre. Shallow plowing and repeated cropping wore out the surface, and deep plowing — with a little guano for the first two or three crops, and the straw of the crops returned to the soil, with a little lime for a solvent — made the worn-out fields more productive than when the laud was new. I saw an old field of sixteen acres, in Jackson county. 111., planted to corn in 1866. ■ The field had been worn out by shallow plowing and repeated cropjiing with corn. Four acres of the field were plowed thirteen inches deep, three acres five inches, and the balance nine inches deep. The whole was thoroughly pul- verized, but no manure was used. It was all planted in corn, on the same daj', and all tilled in the same manuer. Wheu the corn was ten inches high there was a rain of -±.2G inches in forty-eight hours, and no more rain until the crop was ma- tured. The yield was eighty bushels per acre on the jjart plowed thirteen inches deep, forty-five bushels on that plowed nine inches, and about five bushels of "Vubbins" on the five-inch plowing. In 1867 there were sixteen acres sum- mer-fallowed and thoroughly pulverized to a depth of fsurteen inches, on an old farm of 170 acres on the Bois Brule bot- tom, about eighty miles below St. Louis, on the Mississippi riven- In the Fall it was ridged for corn and planted in the Spring — the first of April. The balance of the farm was plowed in the Spring twelve inches deep and planted in corn. The farm was settled by the Fi-ench at the time of the settlement of Koskoskia, about 1GC6. It had never (before) been plowed over four inches, and repeatedly cropped in corn. The place had been rented for several years for ten bushels per acre, yet seldom raised enough to pay the rent; but in 1867 the ground and corn was thoroughly tilled, and the yield ou the summer-fallow was 165 bushels per acre, and 80 bushels per acre ou the spring plowing. I came to Marysville, California, in April, 1871. I had a letter of introduc- tion to Wra. P. Harkey, of Sutter county. Mr. H. showed me his wheat field, which had been summer-fallowed and tho- rniighly pulverized the previous summer t'l the depth of eight or nine inches. I'lie wheat looked healthy and vigorous, iiitwithstandiug the bed rock was near he surface and the wheat in the neigh- Jorhood a failure. This deep and tho- ough tillage yielded about twenty-five Jushels to the acre. Mozo Ellis, of the Placer Mills, Marys- ville, had a farm not far from Mr. Har- key's, but nearer the Buttes, and deeper to the bed rock. Mr. Ellis informed me that he had a piece of wheat that season which was summer-fallowed twelve inches deep, and yielded thirty-five bush- els to the acre. Mr. Ellis also informed me that the same dry season ho tilled a piece for grapes very deep and thorough- ly, and that he could, with one scrape of his foot, reach moist ilirt any time in the summer. I have given the successful experi- ments above mentioned as correctly as my memory serves me. If I have made any mistake, it can be ascei'tained in the last two cases by an api^eal to Messrs. Harkey and Ellis. The former is now Sheriff of Sutter county, and the latter owns and runs a flouring mill at Tehama. Send them this communication, and ask them wherein I have erred. A few more remarks, and my long ar- ticle will close. First — From forty-two years of close observation, with miich of my time spent in farming, and being an earnest advocate of deep and thorough culture — with all this, I am free to ad- mit that there are two sides to this ques- tion. For instance, where virgin soils are very open and fertile, as in the Gen- esee valley and California, shallow cul- ture often produces fine crops until the ground becomes packed by repeated cropping and working. Second — I have noticed, in some in- stances, in California, that where land was plowed deep and the clods not pul- verized by rain or thorough culture, the crops sufi'ered much more from drouth than similar laud that was tilled shallow and made fine. Third — I have had the best success by deep and thorough culture for small grain, as well as corn, and found the roller, after seeding, beneficial; but when the top became tight, by rain after roll- ing, and liable to bake, the trouble was remedied by a thorough harrowing with a fine-tooth harrow, with the teeth well slanted back to prevent tearing up too much grain. What grain was torn up by the harrow, was replaced by the extra stooliug of the balance. The harrowing, making the surface fine and loose, makes a good mulch to prevent the escape of moisture from below. I have tried this with wheat twelve inches high with ben- efit. Fourth — I have often taken pains to discover the depth to which the roots of small grain penetrate the earth, and where the soil was loose and thoroughly tilled have usiially found them at the bottom of the furrow, and often strug- gling (in a dry soil) to go deeper. There is no danger of tilling good corn land too deeply, and it is important for corn, if you desire thick stalks and large ears, to plow deeiJ, pulverize fine, plant early, work the ground deep and often while the corn is youug, and when the lateral roots start keep the surface fine until the corn shades the ground. If the soil and climate are good you have nothing fur- ther to do, except to harvest a lai"ge crop in the fall. Every farmer who has corn land should make corn one of his rotation of crops, and feed it to hogs or other stock, and return the manure to the soil. I am very skeptical about the inexhaustible fertility of any soil when repeated crop- ping is the rule and no return made to the soil. Compensation is the universal law of nature, and it is easier to impover- ish a good soil than to renovate one that is worn out by bad farming. Whatever promotes a comfortable and harmless state of mind promotes health. TREE CULTURE. Feiend HERitiNo: — Your valuable pa- per has given hints and instructions on nearly every point in farm and garden matters, but I don't remember anything in regard to the best kind of pears to graft on the quince. I read some time ago that it was not best to graft Bartlott on quince stalk, but no reasons were given. I wish to graft a lot of seedling quince (set in place), and would like to graft some to Bartlett. If covenient, please tell me in March number if there are any real objections to Bartlett, and what are the best varieties to dwarf. I would like to know if there is any fruit I can success- fully graft on white mulberry stalk. The more experience I have with seed- ling trees, the better I like them. Where it is anyways difiicult to start an orchard a tree that will not throw up an abun- dance of suckers is worth only half- price. Many of our long-shanked, smooth-bodied, short-root-grafted trees will not sprout about the trunk unless injured by some damage to the top or depi-edations of borers; then Mother Nature makes one more desperate endea- vor to assert her rights, and shade the trunk in her own unrivaled style. The orchardist and gardener should assist rather than defeat Nature. I don't know a single point in favor of a small; suck- erless tree. A good growth of small suckers is a great protection from the many accidents to which even well cared for trees are lia- ble, while the trunk at and near the ground will be better shaped and tougher in fiber for their attachment to it. As much root is made to develop a foot of sucker as a foot of limb, and bj' the time the root is all needed to sustain the top and fruit, the tree will be able to dispense with the sucker. Nature al- most invariably starts her most stalwart trees as bushes. Any one who has taken out oak grubs knows what fine, loose, moist soil is found close about the stump. The close overhanging green bush has gathered moisture from every dew, and the leaves and grass have rotted and enriched the spot they could not be blown away from. It is only in close, moist swamps that trees naturally run up without sprouts from the root. There has been so much written and said about the slovenly look of suckers around trees and the beauty of tall, straight trunks, that I feel I am on dan- gerous grdund. I can hardly blame any one for casting admiring glances at a solid, Samson-built, mature man in close fitting pants; but will any sane person say that the immature, spindle-shanked bo}-, in short coat and tights, is a thing of beauty? But the youug lady, with her drapery gradually increasing in diameter from the waist to the grouud, is shaded and protected on natural principles. May fashion, in the near future, revive the hoops and leave oft' the piillbaohi. Na- ture will revenge herself for every sin and indiscretion against her laws. I ex- pect she has allowed the pnllbacks as a punishment to us for saying and writing so many hard things about ibe way she [ starts, protects and develops her young 1 trees. C. A. W. I Cozy Nook, Feb. 9th, 1876. BEPLY. The objection to grafting the Bartlett pear on the Quince is, that even on a strong pear stalk it is a delicate grower— j makes a slender tree. On the quince, which still more reduces the vigor and flow of sap, it has not enough vitality to make a handsome tree or produce good fruit. The strongest growing pear trees seem to do the best upon the quince. The Easter Buerre, Duchess and Winter j Nellis have been proved to do well upon the quince. Such varieties of pear as m.ake a good deal of sap wood on their owTi stalks will, by becoming dwarfed, produce fruit more proliflcally and some- times of better quality on the quince than on pear roots. 2. The only thing that will pay to graft into the white mulberry, so far as we know, is Downings ever-bearing va- riety. This makes a very nice fruit, as also a fair ornamental tree. 3. Although many orchardists might call the allowing of suckers to grow very slovenly, yet we believe it would be bet- ter than the close pruning that many of them give their trees. We know of some who rub off every bud and trim oft' every side shoot as if they were enemies instead of friends to the health of the tree. Our advice is, don't rub oft' a single bud from the trunk and lower limbs. Let every one grow; but keep them nipped or cut back so short that they do not get too much in the way. If a tree has its en- tire trunk sheltered by a growth of suck- ers and spurs it will grow all the health- ier and stronger for it. We would encourage them to grow, and make fruit spurs from the ground up. EXPERIENCE OF A BUSINESS MAN AS A FARMER. Many men in business, vexed with cares and confinement, sigh for the free- dom and independence of the farm. They have sometimes looked upon a cabin, with its smoke curling quietly up towards the heavens, and envied the oc- cupants whom they fancy to be free from care and trouble, and they would almost sacrifice their luxuries for such quiet and like them " Keep the noiseless -tenor of Ibeirway." They are apt greatly to over-estimate the profits of farming in the rather limited way that they propose to engage in it, for thej- intend to make it a sort of pas- time. Many have tried the farm to find that they have only fled from one sort of trials to another, and the man of more muscle and more experience may smile at their complaints. I take the liberty to extract from pri- vate letters of one who, rather late in life, has left active business engagements for the farm. He says: " I have been very busy with my farm work, and, while at work, your remark came forciblj' to my mind that 'a man working at farming has to do more work for a dollar than in any other business.' It is but a few bushels of potatoes that a man can dig in a day, and when dug they cannot be sold at any price at pres- ent. Now I am prepared to say that there is more disappointment in farming than in any other business ou this earthy footstool, and any man who knows enough to lick molasses cfi' a smooth stick had better never engiige in farming. Cain, I believe, was the first farmer, and for his crime divine wrath has rested on farming ever since. " In the first place, you have the fowls of the air, the beasts of the field, and all creeping things to destroy your crops. Secondly, you have the elements to con- tend with; if there is too much rain, or too little, your crops will be destroyed; and what seems to be the most provok- ing part of the whole thing is, that while you have been striving against all the above judgments, and your poor crops look withered or decayed, the worthless weeds by their side are green and flour- ishing, holding up their heads with re- joicing. Lastly, and finally, if by any chance you escape any or all of the .above calamities and raise a good crop, then the price is down and you get nothing. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. "Brother J., buy the ; buy any- thiug; get a clam hoe, and go on the top N, of Mt. Diablo and fry to dig clams there, but don't buy a farm with the idea of ever making anything at farming. With me it was not so; when I bought my place I did not expect to make one cent — not a red — and I have succeeded so well that I have no reason to complain — feel very much encouraged." San Jose, February, 187G. C. NEW AGRICULTURAL PATENTS. Issued by tlie United States Patent Of- lice from JTun, Iltli, to Feb. lltb. [Reported for tlie California Agricultuiiist by Louie Bagger k Co., Solicitors of Patents, Washington, D. C.l Hay loaders — Jno A Bower, Eureka, Kansa.s. (iraiii binders — C G Crease, Sun Prairie, Wis. Machines for untying bands on cotton balee — S 11 Gilnian, New Orleans, La. Macliines for punching and shearing cotton bales— S H Gilman, Xew Orleans, La. Cradle fingers for scvlhes — W Hamilton, Fallsburg, N Y. Hand plows — M Y Tlionipson, Arkadel|ihia, Ark. ^lacliines for twisting bay or straw — Addi.son A Wells. Iowa Falls, Iowa. Bran threshers and separators — C S Hall, Rochester, N Y. Beater-reels for threshing machines — C S Hall, Rochester, N Y. Horse-rakes — \Vm J Lane, Millbrook, Port Chesler, N Y. Corn-planters — A C Burgner, Charleston, 111. Horse-rakes — Orlando Clarke, Isaac Ulter, Rock lord. III. ■ Plows— Wui A Estes, Chevia, Mo. Tooth fastenings for liorse hay rakes — T A f.alt. Sterling, III. Corn planlera — T A Gait. Sterling, 111. Ajiparatus for manufacturing fertilizers ~H O P Lissagary. Paiitin, near Paris, France. Corn coverers— Thos B McChesney, Hainors- ville, Ohio. Hand corn planters — Milton Pollock Koel, .St. Cloud. Jlinn. Harrows— J Van Orlheiick, Hillsdale, Mich. Potato diggers— P M Bawtinhiuier, Wood- stock, Canada. Bands for binding grain — Daviii Olmsted, Minneapolis. Giain binders — Wm R Baker, Chicago, 111. Harvesters — Peter Kline, Lisbon, Iowa. Grain bags — (' Lazarevitch, Brooklyn, N Y. Plow points — W B Ixcady, Sacramento, Cal. Harvester rakes— T H Bacon, Hannibal, Mo. Machines for making grain conveyer flights — II I Chase, Peoria, PI. Harvesters— Jas B. Mohler, Pekiu, 111. Harrows — Jas B Oakey, ludiairapolis, lud. Harvesters — Win F Cochrane, Lafayette, Ind. C(a-n planters — Levi Scotield, Grand Haven, Mich. Cutting apparatus for harvesters — Frederick H WolKenhane, Beusonville, 111. Churns — I'^li F Beard, Repaid ic, O. Apiiaratus for steaming food for stock — R IJalley, Qnincy,Mich. Reaper reels— S Hamilton, Mount Sterling, 111. Cotton seed pl.inters — J C Jenkins, Lebanon, 'i'enn. Corn Planters— S P Babcock, Adrain, Mich. Cultivator teeth — J C Bannigan,l>uuleith,Ill. Milk coolers — Liingdon Clark, Crary's Mills, NY. Straw cullers — Levi Cossit, Guelph, Canada. Plow handles — Wm A Crouch, Hannibal. Mo. (iang plows — lilnoch C Eatou,Pinckiieyville, III. Churns- D L Epperson, Mill Sho.ils, III. Itand cutters and fccdias for thieshlng lua- (diiiies— G LGearliait, Ijcbauon, Neb. Bee hives— Wm 1j Haniilton, (Uaagow, Ky. Hay rakea and loaders- Geo Lambert, Hill (irove, 0. Fence posts — Luke Ijightfoot, Walnut, Iowa. Fence posts — Archibald Taylor, Keezleton, Va. Combined land rollers and grass seeders — F M Howling, Ida, Mich. Ccu'n planters— Sol F Holly, Rockford, III. Processes of niantifaeturing fertilizers — L Stoekbridge, Amherst, Mass. Torsion springe lor harvesters — R Du'llcy, Erie, Pa. Grain Separators— Henry B Stevenr, BulTalo, N Y. } ' • Compositions for preserving eggs — Abigail S White, Chunchila, Ala. Hay stackers- Mosea Amidon, Lathrop, Mo. Churns — Henry T Davis, Sherman, Tex. Cutter bars for reapers and mowers — Thomas Henderson, Baltimore, Md. Cotton seed Plauters---Win Jarrell, Humboldt Tenn. Wheel cultivators -Benj W Reney, Brook- ville. Ind. Harrows— Bardun W Taylor, Roseville, Cal. HarvesterS'-Wm N Whitely, Springfield, O. Ilarvester rakes— Wm N Whitely, Spring- field, O. Combined stack and feed cutters -Isaac S Wilson, AValdo, Mo. A STUPENDOUS FRAUD. Before our present Legislature put their hands into the people's pockets for twenty thousand dollars, or any other sum, wherewith to pay the debts of that gambling institution known as the State Agricultural Society, they ought to weigh well a few facts. It has long been apparent to all who have given the subject a thought, that the State Agricultural Society, although a perpetual stipendiary upon the people's bounty, has been so conducted as to make every legitimate interest for the promotion of which such societies are supposed to be organized, tributary to and productive of that most seductive of all gambling games — pool-selling. As conclusive evidence of this fact we need but refer to the report of the Society for 1874. That year the Directors awarded to the horse-racing department, as pre- miums for speed, the sum of f Hi, 330. Deduct ten per cent, entrance — $G,750 — and the amount given outright for the encouragement of this species of agri- culture(?) was $11,850. For other than racing money there was given that year to the horse department the additional sum of $2,315, making a net total for the horse of 11,895. 'We now consult the same report to see what was done to encourage the breeding of fine cattle, and find that the total amouul of premiums awarded that year for all classes was the meager sum of $1,83'.)! The recent resignation of Col. Younger as a member of the Board of Directors of the Society leaves the entire southern portion of the State, south of San Fran- cisco, without a representative in the Board. For the five years he had occu- pied a seat there he had earnestly endea- vored to jireveut the encroachments of the pool-selling interests upon the legiti- mate purposes of the Society. An ex- tensive Short-horn breeder himself, he rejiresented the great cattle interests of the State. He was one one of the larg- est exhibitors at the Fairs, and without his stock, together with that of such men as Ashburner, Emerson, Quinn, Clark, Jones, Carr, Boots, Hamilton and many others, all from this section of the State, our State Fairs would have have been very slim aft'airs indeed. The people had a right to expect, in view of the im- portant industry he represented, some little consideration from the Society — the right to insist that horse-racing and pool-selling should not swallow up every other end and aim of the Society. But they found their representative in a hope- less minority of the Board, out-voted at every point. Hence, when the Society elected, a few weeks since, the editor of a horse-racing journal, whose business partner is at the head of the pool-selling evil of the State, to a Directorship, against his wishes and the wishes of all who had the best good of the Society at heart. Col. Younger thought ho might as well quit. And so may the cattle men of this section of the country as well (piit, and henceforth let the ring of black- legs, into whose hands the Society has fallen, run it to their hearts' content. Those who have never visited our State Fairs can have but a poor concep- tion of the extent to which gambling is carried on in connection therewith. Thousands of the young men of the State are there brought face to face with a form of gambling more dangerous, be- cause more enticing, than faro, roulette, or cut-throat monte. Respectable far- mers, who never wagered a dollar in their lives at S horse-race, are found bid- ding at the pools. Under the guise of aa agi-icultural or stock exhibition, the State becomes a '• capper" for a stupen- dous system of gambling, "roping in" thousands to their ruin. Isn't it about time that this condition of things ceased? Or, if it must continue, that the State withhold its countenance, and the Society be compelled to sail un- der its true colors and be known by its true name — "Society for the Promotion of Pool-selling." We are aware that certain journals have intimated that Col. Younger's res- ignation is in keeping with the supposi- tion that the southern stock breeders are moving to take the State Society away from Sacramento. We know that this is not true. Surely San Jose does not want it. We have a better society and more valuable property of our own. W'e would see the State Society remain where it is, but divested of the excres- cences which have fastened themselves to it. The foregoing from the San Jose 3Ier- cury is just about what we wanted to say upon this subject; only our own local Society needs as radical reforming as the State Society does. We are glad to see that a sentiment is growing in favor as to the right use of agricultural societies. Probably no paper in existence has la- bored for it more earnestly than the Cal- ifornia Agricultukist, or been worse abused for such work. We believe in commencing this reform right at home. SAN JOSE INSTITUTE BUSI1TESS_C0LLEGE ! A Day and Boarding School for Both Sezes. rr-(HE SECOND SESSION OF THE CUEKENT School Year will commence January 3d, 1876. In acknowledging the kindness of the patrons of this School, the Proprietors desire to assure them that with the increased patronage will be added increased facilities for imparting Instruc- tion. They intend that the School shall offer the very best opportunities for acquiring thor- ough education, both theoretical and practical. The course of study in the Academic grade is extensive and thorough. The Business College has no vactions. Students #om a distance will find pleasant rooms and board at reasonable prices at the boarding-house. The Faculty accept to its fullest extent the growing demand of the industrial classes for recognition in the public educational system hailing it as the harbinger of a higher and better civilization. ISAAC KINLEV, Superintendent of the Institute. JASIES VIX'SONHALER. Principle of tlie Business CoUeSe. SEEDS. SEEDS. New Crop Just Arrived and New Shipments Continually Arriving. VEC^ET.^BLE, GRASS, -AND CLOVER SEEDS: KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS, HUNGARIAN, ITALIAN, ORCHARD, RED TOP. TIMOTHY. MESQUIT, SWEET VERNAL, RED CLOVER, "WHITE CLOVER, ETC. Also, choice CALIFORNIA ALFALFA, in large or small quantities; AUSTRALIAN BLUE GUM SEED, and feeds of every variety and ile- Bcription. Fresh and Reliable. For sale. Wholesale or Retail, at the OLD STAND, by B. F. Wi:LLINaTON, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN SEEDS, 4a5 ■Washington Street, SAN FHANCISCO. Zioclse (& Montague, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tm'ware s,z. 112 and 114 Battery St., SAN FUANCI«CO. 1865. HANxNAY 1876. BRO.'S THOROUGHBRED Fori sale;. OIXTY ONK AND TWO YEARS OM> Q — Thoruughliri'il Spanish Merino Rams. Cali. fornia bred, from Ewes imported from Vermont, mid sired by Severance & Pei-fs eelebrat<-d ram FREMONT, and by their ram GHEEN MOUN- TAIN, which took the Urst premiums at the Day Ilistriit and State Fairs, Last shearing, :15,S1 lbs year's growth. Also, about 100 Ewes and Lambs, all of GREEN MOUNTAIN stock, bred last year. B. F. WATKINS, Santa Clara, Cal. Hurler i©s. WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, HAVE BEEN engaged in the Nursery Business for the last ten years in San Jose, and our chief aim has been to grow and produce only the very best va- rieties of Fruit Trees, and those of a healthy growth, and such trees as will give satisfaction to our patrons. In order that purchasers may know our varieties, and also cur prices at whole- sale or small lots, we give the following; • ONE YF.1R OLD TREES. I TWO TE.vn OLD TREES. Per mil. Per 1000. | Per llJO. Per liHKJ. Apple $12 $100. $20 l\^) Pear 20 1«0 • -28 '250 Prime 22 200 30 — Plum . . , , . 211 I«0 28 250 Cherry .... 22 180 30 200 Peach 22 180 — Nectarine.. 2r) — — — Quince... 20 — — Almond. . . 20 — Apricot 25 200 — Fig _ _ 20 — Currants... 5 — — ■\Ve also offer a large assortment of the leading kinds of Ornamental and Evergreen Trees. Pur- chasers who wish choice grown trees are invited to visit our Nurseries and examine our stock, as we know their character and healthy growth wdll please them. Persons unknown to us, that order trees, should send the cash or good reference. In order to secure their trees. Our Nursery is situated upon Julian street, one mile east of the Court lUuise. HANNAY BROS. The American Bee Journal, Estiiblislied in ISiU liy tlie late Samuel Wagner, at Wasliington. D, C. is now published Monthly at CHICACIO, 111. Every Beekeeper should Subscribe for It. IT IS THE BEST SCIENTIFIC AND PR.ACTI- cal Journal of Apicnlt'ire in the world. The most BUCiessful and experienced .\piarialis in Eurttpe, nfi well as Anierica. contribute to H» pages. In fact, it is tlie oldest, largest, anil one of the most relialile llee Piipers in the English langunge. Teumb: $2 per lumuiu. Send a stamp for a Sample Copy. Address. THOM.VS G. NKWM.AX, I'.in & 108 South CInrk St., Chicnso, California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. THE TRUTH ABOUT TH E DAVIS VERTICAI. rEED SHUTTLE SEWINd MACHINE. TT DOES NOT TAKE AX HOUR TO JL get ready to do a minute's work, but ie al- ways ready in a miDute to do a day's woik. The Favorite of the Family circle. Runs more easily and quietly than any other machine. The DAVia jiresents these advantages : It prevt-nts fulling or gathering of goods, will sew over thick scams, or from one thichuess to an- other, without change of stitch or tension, and make the most Elastic, Durable and Uniform Lock Stitch of any Machine before the public. The only one having an Automatic Bobbin Winder, and the most wonderful attachment for making the Knife Pleating. The peculiar feature of the DAVIS is its VER- TICAL FEED, which is essentially ditlereut from any other Machine manufactured, requir- ing no acquired skill to operate it. nor basting of the goods, and all should give it an examination at least before purchasing any other. After six weeks' trial at the Franklin Institute Exhibition, held at Philadelphia in 1874, it was Aivarded tlie Grand Medal Ag'aingt Nineteen Competitors ! And has universally been awarded the FIRST PREMIUM at all principal Fairs where exhibited. We have the best manufacturing machine in use. Energetic and responsible Agents wanted in all unoccupied territory. For further information, circular and terms, call on or address G. L BIGELOW, Agent for Santa Clara Countj'. 1^" Salesroom, No. 4:58 First Street, San Jos Foundry Block, SAN JOSE, or the DAVIS SEWING MACHINE CO., I 1 8 Post St., San Francisco. B3r For 7."i HuliAtriptions to the Califor- nia Ajsrrirulturist, L00,000 Paid in Capital (Gold Coin) - $»00,000 Oflicers I— President, John H. Moore; Vice- President, CaryPecliles; Cashier, H. H. Kcynnlds. Directors:— John H. Moore, Dr. B. Bryant, S. A. Bishop, Dr. W. H. Stone, Gary Peebles, S. A. Clark, H. Messing. NEW FEATURE: - This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts.*' bearing iuterestat (J, Sand 10 percent per annum; inter- CBt payable promptly at the end of six mouths from date of deponit. The "Receipt" maybe transferred by indornement and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also al- lowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of deposit. Our vaults are lurye and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe keeping of Bonds. Stocks, Papers, Jewelry, Silverware. Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in (.iohlnr Currency, at reasonable rates. Buy and H(dl Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. INVENTORS! IP YOU WANT A PATEiVT, SEND us a model or sketch and a full description of your invention. We will make an examination at the Patent Office, and if we think it patent- able, will send you papers and advice and prose- cute your case. Our fee will be, in ordinary caBes, $!85. Advice free. Address LOUIS BAGGER & CO., Washington, D. C. B^" Send Postal Card for our " Guide for Obtaining Patents "—a book of 50 pages. 177fj CXSNTEM'SriAXi 1876 P K O C I^ AM A T I O N. Chicago & Northwestern Railway. Is the popular route overland to the Eabt, Passengers for Chicago, Niagara Falls, Pitts- burg, Philadelphia. Montreal, Quebec, New York Boston, or any point East, should buy their trans-continental tickets via tlie pioneer route, THE CHICAGO k NORTHWESTEEN R.R. This is the Best route East. Its Trark is of Steel Rails, and on it has been niadr the Fastest , time that has ever been made in this country. By this route phssengers for points east of Chicago have choice of the following lines from Chicago: Pittsburg:, Fortwayne and CUica^o and Pennsylvania Railways. • > Through trains daily, with Puluiau Palace 0 Cars through to Philadelphia and New York on each train. 1 THROUGH TRAIN, WITH PULLMAN PAL- l ace Cars to Baltimore and Washint^ton. B7 the Laie Shore and Michigan Southern KaUway and Connections I New York Central and Erie Railways) : O THROUGH TRAINS DAILY, WITH PALACE O Drawing Room and SilvL-r Palace Sleeping Cars through to New Vork. By the Michigan Central. Grand Trant, Great Western and Erie and New Tori: Central Eailwayc: O Through trains, with Pullman Palace Draw- •J ing Room and Sleeping Cars through to New York to Niagara Falls. Buftalo, Rochester, or New York city. By the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; rt Through trains daily, with Pullman Palace ^ Cars for Newark. Zauesville, Wheeling, Washington and Baltimore without change. This is the Shortest, Best, and only line run- ning Pullman celebrated Palace sleeping cars and cohches, connecting with Union Pacilic Railroad at Omaha and from the AVest, via Grand Junc- tion, Marshall, Cedar Rapids, Clinton, Sterling and Dixon, for Chicago and the East. This popular route is \msurpassed for Speed. Comfort and Safety. The smooth, well-ballasted and perfect track t>f steel rails, the celebrated Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, the perfect Tele- gi-aph System of un)viug trains, the regularity with which they nm, the admirable arrangement for running through cars to Chicago from all points West. sc• R. C KIRBY & CO.. TANNERS ! SANTA CRUZ OAK-TANNED SOLE LEATHER. WHOLESALE DEALERS. OtHce— 403 and 404 Battery Street, SAN FHAXCISCO. SMALL FARM OR SALE AGREEABLY SITUATED ON THE FOOT- hills in the WARM BELT, nine miles from San Jose, near Los Gatos. 25 acres in Cultiva- tion, 65 acres of Pasture and Live-Oak Grove. SO acresof Chaparral and Woodland; two Springs on the place. ^. Dwellinj; House, Rarn. Orclianl, Gar- den, Well, 3 Good HorKes, One Colt, 4 years old. One Farm Wagon, One Sprin;; Wagon, 13 Tonn of Hay, 5 Head of Dairy Stock. .'>0 Chickens, Good Fanning Implements, House Furniture, I^ol of Tools, i!kc . Title, XT. S. Fatent. Price, S:l, .".00— Port Cnsli, eaey ttrms tut the Kemaiudcr. AddrcBs. LOS GATOS P. O., or apply on the FremiHCK to the Proprlct<)r, O. GVBRINOT. FARMERS' UNION. LOS GATOS NURSERIES, (Surcessors to .\. Phister & Co.) Cor. Second iinci Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. CAPITAL WILLIAM ERKSON H. E. HILLS DIRKCTORS: $100,000. President. Manager. S. NEWHAL.L, Prop'r San Joi««*. A LARGE AND GENERAL ASSORTMENT pf Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Evernreens, Flowering Shrubs, Roses, GreenhouBe PlantB, Grapevines, Small Fruits, etc. I offer for sale a well assorted, well ^rown and healthy stock. Low-topped stalky fruit trees a specialty. Ad- dress S. NEWHALL, San Jose- Wm. Erkson. Ij. F. Chipman, Horace Little, C. T. Settle, Thomas E, J. P. Dudley. David Campbell, ■James Sinf^h-ton, E. A. Braley. Snell. a£?" Will do a General Mercantile Business. .\lso, receive deposits, on which such interest will be allowed as may be agreed upon, and make loans on approved security. FAIIM£IIS NATIONAL m UE ...OK . SAUr JOSE. Paid up Capital (gold coin) ... . $500,000 Antliorized Capital $1, 000, 000 John W. Hinds. President; E. C. Singletary. Vice-President: W. D. Tisdale, Cashier and Sec- retarj'; I-*- ^^- Nesmith. Assistant Cashier. Directors:— C. Burrel, Wm. D. Tisdale, E. L. Bradley, C. G.HaiTison, E. C. Singletary, Wm, L. Tisdale. John W. Hiuds, W. H. Wing, J. B. Edwards. Con-espondents:- .\nglo-CaUfomian Bank (limited), San Francisco: First National Gold Bank, S. F.; First National Bank. New York: Anglo-Califomian Bank (limited) London. WILL ALLOW INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, buy and sell Exchange, make collections. I loan money, and transact a General Banking Business. Special inducements offered to mer- I chants, mechanics, and all classes for commer- cial accounts. S. W, Cor. First and Santa Clara St*., SAN JOSE. C. S. Crydenwise, CARRIAGE AIAKER. PIONEER Carriage Shop. 314 SECOND STREET, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alley, San Jose. A^ent for Fisli Bro.'s Waijfons. DR, C, R. SPAW, Resident Dentist, Comer of First and Santa Clara streets. In McLaughlin k Ry- land's building, San Jose, Cal. A. O. HOOKEB, L. FiNIGAN,* Late Gxmckel & Hooker, {late of Marysville.) Hardware HENF^Y B. ALVORD, 326 First Street. SAN JOSE. Just received a New Stock of PLOWS, Cl'LTIVATORS, HARROWS, ETC., ETC. Have as usual a full fissortment of MECHANICS' TOOLS, AND BriLDERS' HARDWARE, .. ALSO ... IRON, STEEL, COAL, ETC^ ETC. The Bee-Keepers' Magazine. An ILLUSTRATED Monthly Jour- nal of 3'2 octavo pages devoted exclusively to Bee -Culture. Edited by Albert J. Kjno, con- taining monthly contributions from Mrs. E. S. Tuppeb, and other eminent Bee-Kecpers in both EruopE and Auerica. A large space is devoted to beoissebs ^ving use- ful information just when it is needed through- out the year. Terms: $1.50 per year. We will send the M.^gazine 4 months on trial and jNCLCDE a 64-pag.- pamphlet (price 50 cIb ) , con- taining a beautiful life-like Chromo of Honet- pla>'T8 and Italtan Bees In their natural colors, Prize Essay by Mrs. Tuppeb. Queen Rearing by M. QnsBY, Instructions for Beginners, etc., all for 50 ct». Address. KING & SLOCUM, 61 Hudson Stxeet, Ne-w Tork. 50 Office: HOOKEH a HNICAN, DENTISTS. 359 First street, San Jose. SANIA CLARA VALLEY Drug Store, •iOO Santa Clara street. Opposite tile Convent. S.W -JOSE. JOHSr S. SCOTT, M. D.,^ Physician and Druggist. JACOB EBERHARDT - ALL KINDS OP LEATHER, SHEEP- skins and wool. Highest price paid for \ Sheep Skins, Tallow, Wool. etc. GARSEVr CITV Bt ,st a"^ 2^ DRUG STORE 3toTe:. Basgcs, Fnmps, Hydraulic Earns, Load aid Iran Fipe, Brass Coods, Hose Wire, Farmers' Boilers, House Furnishing Wares. Blacksmith. Patent Tire-Setter. H. PIESSITECKEII, Propriftoi", No. 320 Santa Clara St, C. E. CAMPBELL, Mamifactiir* r of Well Pipe nnd GalTanizeil Iron Pumps ivitli Improveil Valves. Till, Copper, Zinc ami Slieet- Iroii AVares, Galvanized Iron Chimneys. Tin Roofiiifjc, Plunili- injj, etc. No. .S39 First Street, opposite VA Do- rado St. JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, Pioneer Blacksiiiith and Carriage Shop. Balbach^s New Brick, cor. Sec- ond St, and Fountain Alley, SAN JOSE. Agent for Fish Bro.^s Wagons. New AVorlv and repairing of Agricultural Implements, etc. West's American Tire-Setter, THK CAL.. AGRICt'LTURIST PUB. CO. ANNOUNCE TO SrBSORIBEUSOF THE " AGRI- CULTUKIST" that they have made aiTange- lueutB whereby they can supply almost any desirable boitk published upon any subject, at publishers' prices, postpaid, upon receipt of its price. People living in the country, away from book stores, have ex- perienced diffii'ulty in getting what books they want at any price, and are frequently imposed upon when they do get books. Now, we propose to remedy this matter entirely, and without further trouble to our patrons than the sending of their orders, accompanied with the cash, to select the book they want, and send it to them at publishers' own price, free of other costs. Our an-angementsare fully perfected, and we mean biisiiifss ! We shall continue our Catalogue of good b.Mjks from time to time, adding the most desirable bunks publislied. IMPORTANT TO SUBSCRIBERS. We have made further arrangements so that we can oiler PREMIUMS OF BOOKS foi every prep/iid subecriii- tion, to old and new subscribers alike ; and to every l-ersou who solicits subscriptions we give extra premi- ums of his own choosing. Our premium rates are as follnws: Upon each Si, 50 subscrii:)tion, prepaid for 187 ti, we credit to account of subscriber 50 cents reck- oned in his favor upon an order for books to the amount of $2. In other v ords. after paying for 1870. upon receiving an order for any book or books at any time worth $2. only $1.50 in coin need be sent. This, added tu the 50 cents to his credit, will pay for the books. Persons who, at the time of paying their sub- scriptions do not order books, or who order but a part of what they want at once, will be entitled to the benefits of odb premhtjis and beductionb whenever they choose to take advantage of it, at any time during tlie continuance of thdr SubK(Tiptious. T.W. Mitchell, Porter's Block, cor. Santa Clara and Second Sts, SAN JOSE. Bird-iages and Hooks, SEEDSMAN and FLORIST Ivy BracKets, . _, And Dealeriii Floweriiig-PIaiits, Wire ^lowe^pot ornamental SItrnlis, Bnlbs Stands, and Fli>\vevin<; Root»« in Wall Braeltets, Variety, Hanging Bas- „. . _, kets. Dried Grn.sses, Olas! oaaaes, Etc Prencli Imniortulles of Assorted Colors, Ktc, Etc. 8^ Seeds, Fresh and Reliable. Aquaria, Flower-Stands, Window Bracket! Ferneries, TO SOLICITORS. The agent sending us four subscrii)tions with St> {the bare subscription price) , will be entitled to $2 worth of books, his own choice, without further .emittance. This gives every young man or woman a chance to get all the reading they want without OOBT, and to the subscriber a chance to get books BELOW COST. We are sure that no better opportunity was ever riflVred to the public on thi^ coast to obtain good reading. The Agriculturist, greatly improved for 1876, will be worth more than the subscription price, which is within the reach of evei-y one's means, and our arrangements of giving premivnns is such as to be sure to ploase and satisfy everybody, whether young or old, rich or poor. We are determined that the Agriculturist shall reach every home on the Pacific Slope, and while we propose" to be liberal to- wards all of our subscribers, we hope to be favored by tlie efforts and good will of each and every reader of good books, and of the California Agriculturist. Meriefee & Gastor\ DENTISTS, S.W. Cor. Santa lllara and First Sts Over FariiiiTs' NHtioual Ciold Biiuk, SAN .IO.SE. ffy Special jitteiition il^iveu t'l Fine Oiild FilliiiaB. WINDiWlTfR. 'J'liK Cal. .\oiiicuLTiinisT Tun Co. linvo coiiBtitutele Uurdeii eents; with iloth rovers i;:. i. ril'^ \(ldri ss JAMES VICK, Rochester; N. Y. •-i Patent BOOTS AUD SHOES. A Lurge and Superior Ass<;'rtiiient. ITo. 394 First Street, "Wilcox Block, San Jose. ALL KINDS OF [|AL!ro!iN!A ANs mm ^ LUMBER, ■' Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc Constantly on hand. All Orders Promptly Filled. p. o. Box r.oo. These Valves are the sim- plest and must perfect in cimstruc- tion of any Valve ever invented. For cheapness, durability and capacity of discharging water, tlicy are not equaled by any other Valve. We mannfacture sizes from 3 to 7 inches diameter, and for Hand, WimUnill and Horse-power or Steam Pimipe. We also keep on hand and manufac- ture the best and clieapest Well Pipes. FRED. KLEIN, Dealer in Stoves, etc., No. 227 Santa Clara street, a few doors west uf the Postoffice, San Jose, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, Cxmin 337 First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE Dealer. PAID FOR Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. SAN JOSE. DRUG STORE 111 McLaujjlilin \ Kvbinds ll.-iiik HnildinH. 309 FIRST STREET, SAX JOSK, CAI.. J. A. Chittenden. FRED. KLEIN, STOVES, SHEET-IRO.V, Copper, Tinware, Iron Pimips, Kitchen I'linsils, Celebrated Peerless Stoves. 337 Sniita Clara St., Xear Postolliee. San Jt^SK. RHODES & LEWIS, APOTHECARIES, No. :i.j.5 First !>itreet, S.\N JOSE TREES and PLANTS I'arelully srle. led by lli,> editor, who has been a niir- soyman. and forwarded to order. No eoniniission asked. (jPi'-M^ «£-^ l/y-c ^1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. FAOE Apiary.^Apicnlture in California Filling the Hive. Age of Bees. To Fill Empty Comb. Califor- nia Honey 57-58 B073 and QtU. — Over in the Mea- dow {Poetry). ♦Our Corner. ^Grandma's Letters 62-63 Correapondence.— Political Enigma Solved. Deep Plowing Con- troverted C3 City Gardening. — Spring Flowers (Poetry). tCultivating Flow- ers. tHow to Destroy Plant- Lice. Testing Seeds. Window Gardening. Planting Seeds. 51-52 Domastio. — Don't Take it to Heart (Poetry) . *New Contributor. (>2 Editorial Notes. Etc 50 Household Seiding. —Home (Poe- try) . *Up-Couutry Letters, No. 3. *Graudfather's Letters, No. 7- *Wtiat Your Neighbors Know. tThat Letter from It- aly. *Familiar Talks, No. 9. *Friendly Letters, No. 2. *A , Cheerful Letter. ^To M.E.T.60-61| I PAGE The H0T39.—i Breaking Colts. He- reditary Disease. Treatment of ShyiDg Horses. Spavin... 5i-3.') Poetry 51 Ponltr? Yard. — Domestication of Wild Fowls. Vermin in Fowls. tFine Poultry. Fowls in Afri- ca. Worn;s in Fowls. Rod Pepper and Poultry 50 Pissicultnre. — Progress in Fish Culture. Fish Culture in the Northwest. Etc , . . 57 Porcine. — So-Called Hog Cholera. A Profitable Hog. How to Keep Boars, Dantition in the Pig. Etc 55 Sheep and floats. — t Angora Profits. 50-51 Story.— *^euteel Intemperance,. 49 Stoci Br3ed3r. — Two Kinds of Cattle Husbandry. threat Asnuil Sale of Fine Stock. Camels. Sale of Short-horns During the Past Year. Ameri- can Beef on the London Mar- ket. Foot and Mouth Disease m — A Remedy, Value of Im- proved Stock 53-54 Womsn.— The Farmer's Daughter (Poetry). *Open Letters to Women, No. 1. Taxation With- out Representation ; .,5S-.59 ♦Contributed. \ Editorial. f^^^*:^^ li^ I Mr i/^ hfOUSEhfom Mm/¥Z/I\'E California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. AN ENTEEPEISIN& riEM. J. M . MOOREHEAD gAN JOSE CLOTHING STORE. Smith iV Rjder, Jewelers, aud dealers iu Cbickering Pianos and Estj Organs, have just fixed up, in splendid style, the fine store in Mc- Laughlin & Ryland's Bank-building [lately vacated l)y| Hart's dry goods store], audjhave moved their mag- nificent stock of goods from Wilcox Block to the new quarters. They are now right in the middle of the town, and will make such a display of Fine f Jewelry, Watches, Sliver and Plated Tableware, etc., as will be sure to please their many friends and patrons. Their Manufactv.ring and Repair- ing Department will not be neglect- ed; will, in fact, be a feature of their business. Since these gentlemen were flooded out of Marysville, and have made San Jose their home, they have not only made hosts of friends and built up a good business in si^ite of all competition, but, by their enterprise and liberality, have insured a suc- scess that warrants them in stepping square to the front. If you want to be fairly dealt with, and get the best the world can pro- dace at low prices, and no humbug about it, just give Smith & Byder a call. Examine and price their goods; or, if you know what you want — a Watoh, a Eing, a Tea-Set, a Piano, or an Organ — do dot fear to send them your order. Eememlier the New Place, in Mc- Laughlin & Ryland's Bank-building, First sti'eet, near the corner of Santa Clara street, San Jose. Ho ! For the Coming Harvest ! ! Where to get the BEST MOWEES L REAPERS Is now the important question. Examine those iutrodmcil liy tin- FARMERS' UNION. THE I,ATEST IMl'KOVED Two-Wheeled McCormick AHEAD OF ANYTHING. The cTitter-bjr of the Mower has the action of the Champion and the Buckeye, with Elasticity, Strength and Easy Control Ruperiurto all otlicrs. It is Powerful. Durable, Heliable; costs LE»S than other firKt-class machines, lasts longer, and needs no repairing for yeare.^ ^_^ THE IMPEOVED ADVANCp Self-Haking Reaper and Mower Has SEPARATE liARS for rcapiiiK anil irmwiiiK , —a truly Cunibim-il iiiarliinc. tivin^ tilt- tiin !4ant Hnr ,t .-111.1 m.iRt elf MILLIITEBY. FANCY &OODS, — AND— LADIES' FURNISHING GOODS Ever offered in this City- All of Our Own Direct Importatious, At 370 SANTA CI-ARA STREET, Opposite the Auzerais House, San Jose. Ladies' Hats and Bonnets BLEECHED, PRESSED, and DONE OVER Iu all tlif Xrw Shaprs 266 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. O'BAITIOIT '/Jijf^^i^__ SSnSHIHE SWINL SMALL FARM FOR SALE! AGREEABLY SITUATED ON THE FOOT- hillB in the WARM BELT, nine miles from San Jose, near Los Gatos. 2.5 acres in Cultiva- tion, 6.5 acres of Pastui'e and Live-Oak Grove, 80 acrescf Chaparral and Woodland; two Springs on the place." Dwelling House, Barn, Orchard, Gar- den, Well, 3 Good Horses, One Colt, 4 years old. One Farm Wagon, One Spring Wagon, la Tons of Hay, 5 Head of Dairy Stock. .50 Chickens, Good Farming Implements, House Purnittire, Lot of Tools, tWc . Title, U. S. Patent Price, $3, 500— Part Cash, i Remaiuecialty. Cash paid for Goat and Decr-Skins. Skins Bhonld be thoroughly Saltid when Fresh. May he perfectly Dried in the Shade. Suu-dried Skins are worthless. PRINTING.; Posters, Dodgers, Handbills, BooliB, Catnlogue . Circu- lars, Prrgrnmmes, Bills of Fiire, Invitdions. Receiids. Labels, Bhinks. Billheads. Staternents. Cards, Tfig-'^.ete.. togetln-r with every dc6oriptiad generally, was a caution to youthful looseness and gray-headed reprobates. The doctor's talks are calculated to make whoever hears them, hold purity in a higher estimation and despire wicked- ness with a deeper contempt. McCall's Road Grader is certainly a very superior implement. It is so con- structed as to be completely under the control of the manager, upon side-hill or level ground, in heavy or light work. The wheels .are set on crooked axles th.at can be turnad to any degree of pressure against the furrow-lifter, with a lever and coupling ratchet. It will work right or left with equal facility, and at any angle to suit light or heavy, hard or soft ground. The scraper is swung to a turn- table resting upon the running gear, the whole weight of which can be thrown upon it at will. A neater, or more ad- mirably constructed device adajited to its work, it is hard to im.agine. There are three of these MeCall grad- ers now at work upon the Mount Ham- ilton road, doing each the work of over fifty men with ordinary scrapers. By the way, the construction of the Mount Hamilton road is being pushed with vigor, nearly all the men employed being white men — not Chinamen. This we are glad to notice, as there are hundreds of our own race who really need the work, and to send to China for a road which can be made at home would not be true ecououiy. fhe^p *ind ^m\$. ANGOEA PROFITS-A FEW FIG- ^r> UEES ABOUT MOHAIR £V rT has been asserted by some outside parties that there was no profit in Angora goats' fleece — that sheep's wool will pay much better than mo- hair. Until lately the owners of Angoras have not been .able to fully re- fute the charges, o%viug to the fact that the low grades, brought from common goats, would not prove anything. Now that there are many high, and more pure- bred Angora goats than formerly, facts and figures are abundant to show that there is profit in breeding for the mo- hair. We can present figures from three dif- ferent breeders: Mr. C. P. Bailey, of S.an Jose; Stockton & Biiffin, of Hornitas. and Mr. Gilmore, of El Dorado. Mr. Bailey weighed several of his best pure- bred fleeces, which ran as follows: Buck Borneo '2d, five years old, eleven months' growth of fleece, 8J2 Itis; a two-year-old buck, one year's fleece, ly^ lbs; ewe, Scotch Woman, six years old, twelve mouths' fleece, G^^ lbs; ewe. Queen of Monterey, three years old, twelve months' fleece, 6 lbs; ewe, two years old, 5% lbs. The above fleeces are worth $1 per lb, net. From a flock of 1,000 young goats, one and two years old, were sheared 1,000 pounds. These were grades from 7~8ths to .31-32ds, and the fleece will average worth 60 cents per pound. Mr. Bailey says that .he can get as good re- sults from 31-32ds and 63-64ths .as from pure-breds. Soon there will be many such, as the high-breds are increasing wonderfully fast now. From a private letter written to Mr. C. P. Bailey, of San Jose, we are per- mitted to take the following f.acts and figures of Messrs. Stockton it Bufl'um's flock: They commenced grading up from the common goat and grade bucks, 1.5- lOths and 31-33ds, in the j-ear 186-1. The bucks were purchased in Ohio and driven across the plains by Thom.as Brock, from whom they obtained them. These and similar grades were used a few years, when they obtained pure-breeds, and have used nothing but pure-breeds since. Owing to a limited range, they have but a small flock. They have readily sold their surplus stock for fair prices, always carefully selecting and keeping the best goats for breedess. Their flock now consists of 550 head, of this number 36 are pure-breeds and the balance grades from 7-8ths to 127-l'28ths. Last year they shipped 1,500 pounds of mohair to New York (being the clip for two j-ears) and sold it for 85 cents per pound, un- assorted. They have a better clip this year, and ejipect a good price for it. Messrs. Stockton & Buft'um send fig- ures of forty fleeces weighed sepai"ately. One pure-bred ewe sheared 7 Ihs; one 31-32ds owo's fleece weighed 7 lbs; a 15- lOths ewe sheared 6^4' H>s; a 7-8ths ewe sheared i]'^ ll>s; five 7-8ths ewes sheared 18:-'4 lbs; throe 1.5-lGths sheared 17?^ ibs; two 31-32ds ewes sheared 13 '4 lbs; four pure-bred ewes sheared 25)4 lbs. One of their pure-bred bucks sheared 7% ibs, and a pure-bred buck kid 3J.j lbs, while a grade kid sheared •! '4 lbs; twelve kids sheared 30 lbs of fine mohair; three pure- bred bucks sheared 20 lbs. But the most remark.able fleeces were the wethers'. One wether sheared 9J,j lbs! ten wethers , sheared 76 lbs of tine mohair. We must make special mention of the produce of / wethers. Evidently they will make the ' best mohair. The expenditure of vital California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. force incident to breeding, caring for, and nursing the young, detracts from the tieece production of breeding animals. The wethers keep in more uniform and better order on the same feed, and their fleece is not only line and heavy, but uniform in texture during its growth the (.utire year. About Stockton X' Buffum's manage- ment, we learn that they drive their tlocks to the mountains during the sum- mer, where the animals have at once the advantage of a cooler atmosphere and greener feed, which conditions are favor- able to fleece growing and the general growth of the goat. These gentlemen have this season sheared some 2,000 pounds, which is probably the largest shearing ever made in our State by any one breeder in a single season. The Gilmore Angora Goat Breeding Association has made a report, and gave weights of best fleeces G% pounds rang- ing to -i x^ouuds. The entire fleece, we understand, was about 1,600 pounds, from some 2,000 goats. Of course, many low grades did not shear much, if any, mohair. This association claims, we l>elieve, some -4,000 acres of laud near Shingle Springs, and about 10,000 acres near lake Tahoe. The association also claims to represent some $350,000 in capital. Also, that it designs briuging lo this State a large flock of pure-breds from Asia, soon. The breeders of goats in the State are anxiously awaiting the advent of this fresh supply. The San Francisco Chronicle says: "Little pure mohair has been marketed as yet, because it is too costly an under- taking to import both bucks and ewes with which to stock the State, but the more expedient and slow method has been adopted of crossing pure bucks upon our native ewes. These half- breeds in turn will be bred to imported bucks, and as these animals breed so often, it will only be a few years at most until we shall have a stock of high-grades which will be so near thoroughbred that the difference cannot be distinguished, and i^roducing a quality of mohair equal to tjiatof the pure-blood animals. In a few years there will be goats enough in this State and in Oregon and Nevada to justify the building of a factory on this coast to work up the mohair, and when that event happens there will be profit in the business." L. H. Gaskill writes from Campo, San Diego county, to the JUfral Press as fol- lows: "I have been the Angora goat busi- ness only two years, and I think that it will not be long before it will supersede the sheep business, for several reasons. The goats do not need as tine quality of food as sheep. They will live entirely in the mountains, subsisting upon the browse of this lower county. I have a band of GOO and they range in the moun- tains all the time. I was afraid that they would pull out their wool, but they are as careful about that as a person woirld be about pulling his hair. The mohair I have worked right at home, the women work it the same as wool, into yarn, and knit it into socks and stockings. It is the old-fashioned style, but a very economical way of putting in long evenings. They work it by hand. It would be much better if there was some machinery for carding and spinning it into yarn ; then they could afford to knit it very well and make it profitable to the manufacturer and the consumer. These socks sell from seventy-five cents to one dollar a pair, when you can get sheep's wool for three to four bits for a pair made in the same way. One pair of mohair socks will last as long as four pairs of wool. They are more elastic, and the fiber is so long that the yarn is as strong as^hemp twine, and very soft and white. I hope to hear from some other experimenters with the mohair." In previous articles, we have written up other advantages and profits of this industry. There is no doubt in our mind that the Angora goat will yet be admitted to be the most profitable fleece- producing animal, and will discount the best breeds of sheep. The Farmer. Of all pursuits by men invented The plowman is the best contented, His calling's good, his profit high. And on his labors all rely. Industrious plans by him are laid; Mechanics all by him are fed; His hand gives meat to everythin, Up from the beggar to the king. The milk and honey, corn and wheat, Are by his labors made comple; Our clothes from him doth first arise, To deck the fop or dress the wise. We, then, by vote, may justly state The plowman ranks amoug the great; More independent than they all That dwell upon this earthly ball. All haill ye farmers, young and old, Push on your plow and courage bold; Your wealth arises through the clod. Your independence from your God. If, then, the plow supports the nation. And men of rank In every station, Let kings to farmers make a bow, And every man procitre a plow. At last she nursed a new desire; She sighed, she wept for William Brown, She watched the splendid sun go down Like some grc-at sailing ship a-flre; Th<;n ruse and checked her trunks right on. And in the cars she lunched and lunched. And had her ticket puuclied and punched, Until she came to Oregon. She wore blue specks upon her nose. She reached the limit of the lines. And then set out to reach the mines, In rather short and manly clothes; Her right baud held a parasol. Her pocket held a testament. And thus equipped right on she went — Went waterproof and waterfall. She asked a miner gazing down, Slow stirring sometbiug with a spoon. To tell her true and teli her soon What had become of William Brown. He looked askance beneath her specs. Then stirred his cocktail round and round, Then raised his head and sighed profound, And said, "He's handed in his checks." Then care fed on her damaged cheek, And she grew faint, did Mary Jane, And smelt her smelling salts in vain. Yet wandered on wayworn and weak, Until at last she sat her down Upon a eloping hill alone; And there, good gracious! stood a stone, And lo! thut stone read— William Brown. " O William Brown 1 O William Brown! And here you rest at last," she said, "With this lone stone above yuur hea^^i, j And forty miles from any town. Q^ I will plant cypress trees, I will, And I will build a fence around. ^QT!^ And I will fertilize the ground With tears enough to run a mill.", Z^ ShCiWent and got a hired man. She brought him forty miles frum town; ORNAMENTAL "WINDOW FLOWEK BEACKET. ^Villiam Brown, of Oregon. AFTER JOA^>UIN MILLER. They call him Bill, the hired man. And she they call her Mary Jane; And lovers often drew a rein To chat and sigh as lovers can Across the gate in snatch and catch; And women winked across their tea, And said, and truly so thought he. That she would make a splendid match. The hired man had loved her long, Hud loved her best and first and last; Her very garments as she passed For him had symphony and song. So when one day, with brow a-frown. She called him Bill, he raised his head, He caught her eye, then faltering said: "I love you, and my name is Brown." She fairly walized with rage; she wept; Y'ou would have thought the house a-tire; She told her bire, the porlly squire, Theu smelt her smelling salts and slept. Poor William did what could be done- He swung a pistol on each hip. He gathered up a great ox-whip And drove towards the setting sun. He crossed the great backbone of earth; He saw the snowy moxiutains rolled Like mighty billows, saw the gold Of awful sunsets, saw the birth Of sudden dawn upon the plain, And every eve would William Brown Eat pork and beans, and then lie down And dream sweet dreams of Mary Jane. The teeter board of life goes up, The teeter board of life goes down; The sweetest face must learn to frown; The biggest dog has been a pup. Her lovers passed. Wolves hunt in packs. They sought for bigger game. Somehow TLey seemed to sea about her brow The forky sign of turkey tracks. Then in the tall grass she sat down, And bade him build as she should plan. But Digger herders, with their bunds. They saw and hurriedly they ran And told a bearded cattle-man That some one builded on his lauds. He took a rifle from the rack, He girt bim in his battle-pelt, He thrust two pistols iu bis belt. Then mounted on Ids charger's back, And plunged ahead. But when ihey showed A woman there, about his eyes He pulled his hat, and he likewise Bulled at his beard, and chewed and chewed. At last he got him down and spake: "O, lady, dear, what do you here?" "I build a tomb for my own dear. I plant some tiowers for his sake." The bearded man threw his two hands Above his head, then brought them down, And cried, "O, I am William Brown, And this the corner of my lauds." Her specks fell off, her head fell back. Some like a lifted teapot lid; She screamed— thip ancient maiden did— Then, fainting, split herself, alack! Right in the beard of William Bro\vn. Then all the Diggers were amazed. They thought the lonely maiden crazed. And circling there, they squatted down. ******* The preacher rode a spotted mare; He galloped forty miles or more; He vowed he never had before Seen bride or bridegroom half so fair. And all the miners, they came down, And feasted as the night advanced. And all the Diggers drank and danced, And cried, "Big lujin. WiUirm Brown." ^__ ^ Up to the date of our going to press^ the season is remarkablj^ promising for a large fruit crop, as well as for grain, hay and vegetation generally. If we have no heavy, late frosts, all is well. Oh! dainty baby foresters, That hide in silent nooks. That linger by the cow-paths. And peep into the brooks, To me yon are the warders Of the realm of Long Ago, At whose soft beck unnumbered forms Like shadows come and go. By mossy rockfl and nodding feme You lift your timid eyes. And by the wounded maple tree In smiling groups arise. No more the shrieking winter winds Affright the naked woods, But all the scented aisles are gay With Flora's dappled hoods. Though years have sped since first for me You made the meadows bright, And many a sunset-tinted dream Has faded into night. Still do I hail with boyish love The violets' sweet perfume — Still Joy to see the crocus burst Like Lazarus from the tomb. I thrill to gee the buds again Upon the apple tree. Where every branch is eloquent Of glories yet to be; Where soon the winged Argonauts, From lands beyend the main. Will sing their merry love-songs, And build their homes again. litraco the tints of deathless Hope, Sweet flowers, in all your beauty; You come as meek interpruttra Of man's exalted duty. You whisper of a dawning heaven Beneath ua as above. When earth shall melt with poetry. And man be full of love. CULTIVATING FLOWERS. Jp, HEKE is 80 much that needs to be t" said, and that should be said, under 'I this department, that we are almost puzzed where to begin or leave oft'. But as we cannot get it nil into one paper, and us it is necessary, to be a suc- cessful gardener, that one should learn well what he or she does learn, it may be well to give short lessons, and request each reader to commit to memory and to practice, each month, as much of it as possible. We can all be pupils, and all are requested to be teachers, too, by giv- ing such advice as experience suggests. Every lady reader, especially, should feel an interest iu this as her own de- partment, whether residing in city or country. So far as we are concerned, we will try to give the best and most seasouable advice, whether original en- selected matter. HOW TO DESTRY PLANT LICE. A lady subscriber near Virvinia City wants to know how to destroy lice (aphidsj on house plants. It can be done bj- fumigating with tobacco smoke, also bj- dusting fine snui? upon them. To fumigate, place your plants in a small room, or into a large dry goods box where they can be closed from outside air; then upon live coals, or a hot stove cover, diop pulverized tobacco, and close the entrance for several minutes. The California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. smoke ■srill kill the insects -without in- juring the plants unless they are exposed to the fumes over fifteen minutes. Hot water will kill insects. A single, quick jjliinge into, or pouring of hot water upon plants, will kill all aphids without killing the plants. The insects get under as well as upon the leaves, and must be reached, whatever the means used to de- stroy them. A drop of carbolic acid in a wine glass of water will kill aphids if put upon them. These lice are hatched from eggs that a small fly, the size of a gnat, with long wings, lays upon the plants. Once kill- ing of them may not last forever, as more eggs may be laid and another crop soon grow. But keep atfhem. They are mortal, and will succumb to persistent treatment, generation after generation. Illustrations. — We present a picture of an ornamental, hinged, metalic win- dow bracket, and also another of an ele- gant single flower-pot stand, to set ujjon a shelf or table. These convenient and beautiful articles we see for sale at 51r. T. W. Mitchell's floral depot, in San Jose, who sells a variety of ornamental flower furniture at low i^rices. They will also suggest to the reader rustic work that can be constructed at home, out of such materials as can be obtained in the vicinity of most homes. A thous- and things can be made to beautify the home, bv the exercise of a little ingenu- ity. Window Gaedenino.— It may be be- yond the reach of a good many to pos- sess a greenhouse, says an experenced gardener, but there is no one but may have a few plants in the window. The culture of plants has a weighty moral in- fluence upon those who indulge in it for the love of it. In fact, a study of nature in any of her varied forms leads the mind away from that which is ignoble to that which ennobles it. Especially is this the case with the young, and it should be the aim of every head of a household to bring the younger members under the influence of whatever teaches morality, and helps to direct the Intellectual abili- ties in a legitimate channel. A study of nature, therefore, as she exhibits herself in the floral world, is within the reach of nearly all; and every one possessing the convenience should endeavor to cultivate a few plants for the sake of amusement, as well as to help make home attractive for the younger members of the house- hold That the plants be in good healthy condition, is really more needful with regard to what is required for the window than for the greenhouse. In the window, although the atmoijihere is suitalile for plants to continue to flower and keep in health, if in good health when put in, yet it is diflicult to revive into luxuriant health when sickness has ruined the constitution. In the genial atmosphere of the greenhouse, a sick plant nuiy be brought into good health again. There- fore, for the house, get suuill but healthy l>lants. Large i>lauts soon till the si)acu allotted for them, and have not room for freedom of growth, and look miserable. Small ones, in healthy condition, give i the owner considerable pleasure in see- ing them grow, and also do best. Largo plants cannot be grown very satisfac- torily where they get insufficient light, and enough cannot be given them when liauipered in a small place. A window with a southern or eastern aspect is (!on- sidered the most suitable. Keeping the glass in the window clean has often a good eft'ect on the plants, hi hot, sunny days in summer, a thin muslin between the sun and plants will prevent scorchiii" and drying of foliage. Careful washing of the leaves cleans off all dust which may accumulate upon them. "When it is necessary to repot plants, do so with care. Destroy the roots as little as possible; after jjlaeing the drain- age, then as much soil as will raise the base of the plant so high that about an inch will be left from the surface of the roots to the rim of the pot. Use a nar- row strip of wood to press the soil be- tween the roots and the side of the pot, taking care that no empty spaces are left around the roots, especially if it is a hard wooded plant. If empty spaces are left when potting it is very difBcult to tell when the plant is dry, as it has al- ways an empty and dry sound even when saturated with water. "When pots are kept in saucers in windows, do not al- low much, if any, water to remain in them long after \vatering the plant. Never water the plant by putting the water into the saucers, but water always at the surface of the jjot, and allow it to drain through the roots, which is the far superior and more natural way. Plants allowed to remain in stagnant water get so saturated that their health is soon de- stroyed. Testing Seeds. — All seeds should be tested before planting, especially all small seeds, which can be done in simple ways. One way is to take a saucer and fill it with white sand, and then fill it with enough water to wet the sand and keep it so, place the seed on the wet sand pressing it gently into it so that the seed is about half way imbedded into the sand and set the saucer in a light, warm room, in the sunlight. Another plan is to take two thicknesses of woolen cloth — either flannel or fulled cloth will answer. Dampen them with water, and lay them in some shallow dish, as a plate or saucer. Then sprinkle a few seeds on them, being careful not to spread the seeds so thick that one will lay upon the other. Now dampen an- other piece of cloth and lay over the seeds. Keep the plate or saucer in n moderate warm place, and by removing the upper cloth at will you can watch the result. The good seed will gradually swell and finally sprout, while the seed that is too old, or that is bad from any other cause, may swell at first, but, in- stead of growing like the good will mold and rot. Still another way; Take a wide- mouthed, clear glass bottle nearly full of clear water, and take lint cotton and mix the seed through it and lay the cotton, after being moistened, on the water. This jDlan has the advantage of keeping the seed in a uniform moisture until it germinates. The bottle should be placed in a light room, where the sun can reach it. Seeds will germinate in from 2-1 hours to 10 days, governed by the kind, size and age of the seed and the warmth of the room. The seed being exposed to view can be watched in their daily progress, which will furnish a very in- teresting study to both old and young. in a warm, dry room, in dry sand or earth, and they will not grow. They may be placed in damp earth, and kept in a low temperature, and they will most likely rot, though some seeds will remain dormant a long time under these circum- stances. But place them in moist, warm earth, and they will commence growth at once, After seeds are nicely started, the plants three inches high may be trans- planted with a trowel, with the earth about the roots. Eoor GAnDE^^No. — Boof gardening has, in Chicago, one very admirable il- lustration in the case of a hotel. On the roof of the first story is a court, opening outward to the south. Above this, on three sides, in a circular style, run three more stories. This court or roof is sim- ply a garden. The tiles are set over with vases, and these during summer are filled with gorgeous bloom. A hundred j windows ^look out upon this loveliness, and from the second floor persons can walk out for a pleasant promenade. The designer and owner, Mr. Bhinney, tells me the thought came to him while on shipboard crossing the Atlantic, and he hastened to put it into form. Of course the whole establishment becomes a fam- ily. The ordinary hotel barrenness is an iiiiiTOSsibility. A gorgeous display of gilt and fresco is displaced by nature's adornment. That kind of refinement arises which can come only from a fusion of city and country life. Cottage hotels in the smaller cities, such as the Dwight house on the old Dickinson place at Binghampton, surrounded with parks, fountains and flowers, are an easier pos- sibility. Indeed it seems strange that they are not more general; but here is a garden home, for the first time in Ame- rica, embedded for the public in the heart of a vast city.— £. P. 1'., in Oanlm- ers' Monthly. Window Plants. — A writer for the Sdeniific Farmer, who professes to know all about it, says that according to the temperature required for the healthy growth of difi'erent plants, they may be divided into tw-o classes, namely; Those that grow well at an average temperature of 50 degrees, that is, ranging from 40 to GO degrees, and these that require a higher temperature, an average of GO de- grees, ranging from GO to 70 degrees. The first class will include geraniums, carnations, centaureas, camellias, aza- leas, abutilous, agcratums, eallas, sweet alyssum, English ivies, smilax, mignon- ette, hyacinths, paimulas, stevias, petu- nias, verbenas, lobelias, and roses. In the second class are begonias, bouvard- ias, epiphyllums, cacti, fuchsias, glox- inias, German ivies, heliotrope, pileas, zorrenias, and roses. Hoses are included in both lists, as they will succeed under either conditions. Plants grow much better where the temperature runs lower at night than during the day. It never should go be- low 40 degrees in the first case, or below 50 degrees in the second case. Planting Sekds. — If seeds are planted too deep, they either rot in the damp, cold earth, for the want of warmth ne- cessary to their germination, or after germination, perish before the tender shoots can reach the sun and air; and thus tliat which was designed for their nourislimeiit proves their grave. Sand, sawdust, vegetabh' mould or some light material should be used to cover seeds. Then the soil should be kept gently and regularly moist until they are well started. Warmth and moisture are necessary to the germination of seeds. Neilhcr^of these will do alone. Seeds may bo kept A YOUNG MAN ASKS ABOUT THE STOCK BUSINESS. New Yoke, Feb. 11, 187G. Ed. AGKICULTtTRIST AND LiVE StOCK Journal; Sear Sir — I hope yon will par- don the liberty I take in addressing you, I but I desire some information and do not know who else to apply to. Having a desire to go to Southern Cal- ifornia and engage in stock raising, I wish to know what chance there is for a strong, healthy young man. I would like to engage myself to some large stock grower, learn the business thoroughly, and, as soon as possible, start in business for myself. Can you give me any neces- sary information? Very truly, yours, HoEACE M. King. Remarks; As Mr. K. has not intimated what kind of stock raising he wishes to engage in, we hardly know what answer to make. The old w"ay of cattle-breeding on a thousand hills — wild stock with wild vacqueros to herd them over hund- reds of leagues of land, is drawing to a close. As the country gets settled up, a more civilized and better system is being adopted. There is abundant room for introducing the better breeds of all kinds of stock. It will require some money to get land, and time to accomplish much, but there is no surer business if properly conducted. But do not entertain an idea that your services will be valued by such men as adhere lo the old style of cattle and sheep husbandry. All they want is a wide, free range, and Mexican herdsmen mounted upon bronco mus- tangs— a halt-civilized condition and business. We request such of our read- ers as may know of any opening, or as can give information or encouragement, to write to Mr. King. Look to Yonn Axles. — How many horses sufl'er by the want of attention to the axles of carts and wagons. We often see the wheels running at an angle ten or fifteen degrees "out of true," the teamster seeming not to realize how much this increases the burden. If the wheel wiW only revolve, it seems all that is needed by the thoughtless driver. 'J'hen, again, "want of care in greasing the wheels is another source of unneces- sary labor for the horses. It is only fair, that while we require reasonable labor from our animals, we shall grant them reasonable faeilitic.H for doing it. BENTLEY'S HOT-AIK FURNACE FOR DRYING FRUIT. Dr. G. J. Beutley, of Michigan City, Ind., who has been spending the winter in Santa Clara, has shown us a device for producing hot air for drying purp. 'si s that seems to be constructed on ratiuual principles and is so simple as to com- mend it as worthy of attention. To us it appears to be just about the thing, whether hot air is required upon a large scale, or is wanted in ever so small quantities, as the furnace can be made of any size, and do equally good work ac- cording to its capacity. Of course, an economical dryer must utilize as much of the heat of the fuel as possible. Dr. Bentleys furnace is so constructed as to waste the least possible amount of heat. He proposes to construct three sizes, worth respectively ?50, $75 and §100, capable of thying 10, 20 and 30 bushels of fruit at a time. The rooms and ap- paratus for drying can be made at the o|)tiou of the "parties using the dryers. The smaller sized need not cost over ?'25, screens and all complete. This would make a dryer and furnace, suitable for any ordinary orchard, cost only $75. The dryer is also an excellent heater for dwellings — better than any stove or fireplace. It is already in use in public and private building in various places. One of these can bo seen in operation at Mr. Menzell's hardware store, Santa Clara, and also a model of the furnace. Next month we will give a description of this furnace, as wo believe it must prove of great advantage, and is the very thing that our orchardists need. Truth and honesty often neglect ap- pearances, hypocrisy and imposture are guarded. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ftoclj f vccdcc Two Kinds of Cattle Husbandry. t-'^^^HE Colorado Fanner and Live Slock Journal exactly expi-esses our senti- ments upon this question : A citizen of New Mexico owns .^^.^ not less thuu forty-two townships of land, and has it stocked with sixty thousand head of cattle. In Texas there are cattle ranches nearly as large, the number of cattle ranging from twenty to fifty thousand head. In early times ranches stocked with twenty or thirty thousand cattle were not uncommon in California. There was an attractive side to this primitive cattle husbandry. It was a grand thing to send forward great herds of cattle to market, or to ride over a do- main as large as a whole county. But this kind of cattle husbandry involved no improvements. No crops were raised, roads built or fences made. In short, cattle raising as followed in New Mexico and Texas, or as formerly in California, tends to barbarism. The business de- velops nothing that is be^t for the indi- vidual; it stimulates no growth, encour- , ages no agricultural improvements, organizes uo society, supports no school, and does nothing for a well-ordered com- munity. There are few who sigh for the good old times when if a hungry man wanted a beef he took it from the fields, or if his horse gave out he exchanged it for a fresh one with the next ranch man. No doubt the rude hospitality of these early times was attractive. But then an ox was worth little more than his hide would bring, and a horse had no commercial value. The "pastoral days" have de- parted, and they are succeeded bj' much better ones. The new cattle husbandry involves the best improvements. When a farmer un- dertakes to raise the best breeds of cattle his enterprise is sure to carry him far enough to adopt the best methods of culture. The home-farm is put under conditions of renewal. Itis conveniently sub-divided, the exterior fences are well- built, and the i^roblem is, bow many cattle can be sustained on a given num- ber of acres. These high bred cattle will pay for .ill the care bestowed upon them. They want rich pasture and a small area. The sheep and cattle husbandry which have become accessories of the home farm have an influence just the reverse of primitive cattle husbandry. The lat- ter was continually lapsing and carrying everything towards barbarism ; the other involves skill, stimulates the best meth- ods of agriculture, and lifts up farming to an intelligent and attractive home pursuit. The great ranges of New Mexico and Texas maj' serve a useful purpose in furnishing beef for populous cities, but even then it is not the best. The business will disappear before the advancing wave of population, becavise the very conditions of success are im- mense ranges and an .ibsence of popula- tion. Best Tabieties of PE.is. — Early sorts — Daniel O'Kourke, Carter's First Crop, Bishop's Long Pod. Late sorts — Cham- pion of England, Blue Imperial, Veiteh's Perfection and several varieties of Mar- rowfats. Mammoth, overgrown steers have had their daj', and we now come down to the neat, compact, well-fattened animal, both in hogs and cattle. To accomplished this in cattle, good feeding from a calf is necessary." THE GREAT ANNUAL SALE OF FINE STOCK. From Hon. Cyrus Jones, President of the Short-horn Breeders' Association of California, wo have received a catalogue of the "Great Sale of Thoroughbred Short- Horn Cattle, to be Sold at Public .\uction at the Fair Ground in Sacra- ments, on Thursday, April '20th, 1876." This is the first spring sale, and it will be conducted under the auspices of the association above mentioned. The association first undertook to con- duct the annual sales in the fall, during the State and county fairs, but found that, as the fall was not the season that stock-raisers cared to purchase breeding stock, they had better change the time to the spring, when every intelligent breeder is looking for animals to improve his herds. We expect that there will be a rush of competitors to this grand sale of fine stock. There will bo no horse-racing, or crowd of sight-seers as at the fair times, to divert attention from the sales. Who- ever attends will be likely to mean busi- ness. The way such sales are attended in the great Short-horn districts east of the Mississippi should be a fit ex- ample for the cattle breeders and own- ers on this coast. There is no place under the sun where .fine stock is more needed than in California, to grade up our bands of cattle alid improve the general farm stock. There is every rea- son why our stock men should be awake. The Short-horn Breeders' Association of C.alifoi-nia is composed of the best breeders of fine stock, and they represent some of the finest Short-horns in Ameri- ca. Several of the principal breeders will put up some of their best, and an opportunity will be offered to buy that no enterprising owner of cattle can af- ford to lose. Such breeders of thorough- breds as Cji-us .lones & Co., Col. Youn- ger and Wm. Quinn of San Jose, W'. T. Overhiser of Stockton, John Brewster of Gait, Moses Wick of Oroville, J. D. Carr of Gabilan, M. B. Sturgis of Centerville, and E. Comstock of Sacramento, will put up several head each. We notice pedi- grees of twentj--nine bulls and several cows and heifers, and are assured that several head of thoroughbreds not cata- logtied will also be sold. Besides, there are a number of fine grade Durham cattle to be sold, also Berkshire swine and fine sheep. We expect the time is not far distant when much importance will be attached to the annual spring sales. They only need a little popularity to draw all the cattle men and fine stock men on the coast. But, really, now is the most important time, for the sooner such stock is ob- tained by our beef and butter producers, the better for them and their stock. As a purely business proposition there is no better investment for a breeder than pure blood. Camels. — The breeding of camels w.as begun in Texas, twenty years ago, by an importation of the War Department. From Texas the camels were taken to Carson valley, Nevada. The first im- portation were India camels; the second were the two-humped camels of China. These two varieties cross well together. The two-humped are preferable, as they are more docile and kind to handle than the one-humped. The breeding of the camels has been a success, and, as pack animals, has Ufeen profitable. They subsist on the sage brush and less desirable herbage of this rugged, barren region, and attain such size as is unknown in any other country. They were the largest we ever saw, and were selected with reference to shipping in the cars. The largest ones could not be put into the ordinary stock cars used on the Pacific railroad. The man who owns and breeds them is a Swiss, and wants to sell out and return to his native, land. It he does not, he intends to re- move to Arizona with them, for the rea- son that camels as pack animals frighten the teams of " freighters" and make trouble for him continually. Thej- breed once in two years; and in this lot there was one cow camel with her year old calf at her side, taking his dinner like any other great, saucy calf. The most of these were two and three years old. The five-j-ear-olds were, as stated, small- ish selections from this herd, yet their hums were very near the roof of the car, and their odd-looking heads had to be kept in a very cramped position. It is a matter of wonder and congratu- lation that the breeding of superior cam- els is added to the live stock interests of the countr}'. From this camel-breeding establishment can bo supplied all the show animals needed for the world, as the}' cost no more to rear than mules, and are far better as pack animals. The rigors of winter, and the heat of sum- mer, are alike favorable to their growth and prosperity. Nevada, though, is a fine stock growing region for cattle, hor- ses or sheep, as well. — Live Stock Jour- nal. Sale op Short-Hoens Durisg the Past Year. — Says the Pall Mall Gazette: Short-horn sales are becoming almost as sensational as those of thoroughbred yearlings were a short time since, and it is no uncommon thing for an animal of the Bates or Booth blood, each of which strains has its respective admirers and even champions, to be sold for a price equal to that which a Derby winner would have realized a few years ago. From comparative tables of the results of those sales during the past year in Great Britain and America, which are pulished in the almanac of the Agricultural Gazette, it appears that the total amounts reaUzed at these sales were almost the same for both countries. The returns refer only to the sales of "pedigree Short-horns" — that is to say, animals inscribed in the Herd Book, which is for cattle what the Stud Book is for the turf; and from them we learn that, while the sixty-five sales held in Great Britain yielded a total of £228,088 16s. 6d., the' fifty-seven sales in America amounted to £204,790 6s. lOd. Each of the American sales amounted on an average to £3,593, as against £3,509 for each of the English sales; but the advantage does not in reality remain with .American breeders, for though eight less sales were held there, the number of an- imals disposed of was within ten of those sold at home. The 2,589 Short- horns sold in America averaged £79 each and the 2,589 sold in Great Britain £87 each. The largest total realized at any one sale was £i2,919 16s., for which 81 animals belonging to the late Mr. Torr, a Lincolnshire farmer, were disposed of in September. The highest price given at this sale was 2,160 gs., and the aver- age for the whole lot was £510 19s. Still more remarkable was a sale held in Scot- land a week previously, when 39 ani- mals, the property of Lord Dunmore, brought £26,223 "l5s. This gives an average of £672 8s. for each animal, one of which went for 4,500 gs. At a third sale 34 animals brought more than £10,- 000, and several others took place at which the total was over £7,000 and the average over £200. The most successful sale held in Ame- rica was that at which 83 animals brought £18,534 15s. 5d., with an average of £402 19s. 9d. for the whole number, one of them reaching £3,225. At two other \ sales in America totals of rather more than £10,000 were obtained for 35 and 33 lots, the average in the two cases be- ing slightly over and under £300. These figures may be left to speak for them- selves; but it is impossible to avoid the suspicion that purchasers will not in the long run get the best of the bargains. The London Court Journal says the fol- lowing about Short-horns: Whether the top pnce for Short-horns has yet been reached we do not know, but that a Duchess bull was sold for 3,500 guineas is a "great fact." The animal was named the Duke of Connaught, the purchaser was Lord Fitzhardiuge, anited through the State. Last year about 5,000,000 young salmon were sent from California to the Atlantic States, besides 2,000,000 placed in rivers in that State. For the comple- tion of the LawTcnce fish-way and for im- provements of the one at Holyoke, the Commissioners recommend an appropria- tion of S8000, and 85000 for other ex- penses of the Commission. The total ex- pense of the Commission, last year, was §6061. Among the jjonds leased, last year, was L.ake Pleasant in Montague to that town for 10 years; there are 55 leas- ed ponds in the State. E. H. Kellogg of Pittsfield, for the lessees of Pontoosuc Lake in that town, reports that 400 or 500 land-locked salmon were placed in it, in 1875, that they are doing well, and that the leasing of Pontoosuc Lake wiU result greatly to the advantage of the public. The CDXxtntE of fish is one of the most successful! enterprises of the times; and it promises great benefits to the wants of man. With proper diligence and care iu this matter, warm winters, so generally fatal, as this has been, in the loss of meat, may be regarded with little concern. As an illustration we note that the United States fish-hatching establishment on tho JlcCloud liver, a branch of the upper Sac- ramento, has Iteeu operated with great success daring the past year. Over U,000,- 000 salmon eggs have been obtained, of which 0,210,0(10 were sent East, arriving in good condition and with a small loss in hatching. The renuiinder, when de- veloped, will be placed iu the Sacramento river. The eggs shipped East were put up in packages of 80,000 each, in alter- nate layers with damp moss. They were then packed iu cftt*s iu pairs, surround- ed by stufSng to prevent jarring. The totiil weight of the consignment was over 20,000 pounds; tho bulk of the eggs alone was 80 bushels. Apiculture in California. COIUJESPONDEXT of the Ohi,- inqs in lice Culture gives his account of his last year's experience at An- aheim as follows: I commenced here the 5th of last May, with 144 swarms in the old box and Harbison hives, many of them new swarms. As the swarming season here is in March and .\pril, you can im- agine how much of the season had passed before the 5th of May. After that time I had to send for my hives, etc., so that I did not get through transferring before the 1st of June. I have increased from these 144 hives to 305, and have taken 20,305 pounds of honey. I expected to have reached ;jO,000, but calculated too m\ich on honey dew this fall. However, there are 4,000 or 5,000 pounds in the hives now that I \rill take out. So you see I have taken on an average fourteen and a half pounds per hive throughout the whole apiary, and I assure you that many of them were in anything but good condition when they were transferred. I have taken iu one day, without an as- sistant, 1,170 pounds of honey, and with an assistant, 1,800 pounds. My apiary is aiTanged on a smooth piece of ground, constitmiug a bench about twelve feet above the land below. The bee house, or honey house, is built on the edge of this bench, or in the baulc; so that we can go from the ground of the apiary into the second story of the build- where are the extractor, stove for heating water, a small tank, holding seventy-five gallons, etc. In the lower story are the carpenter's tools, bench, etc., the large tank, framed in one comer of the build- ing, stout and strong, boarded up and lined with zinc. This tank holds about 1,000 gallons, is in the southeast corner of the building, and is exposed to the sun by a window on the south side of the upper story. It is covered with a fine \\-ire gauze, and is protected with a partition in the upper story from dust, dirt, etc. The honey is first put into the small tank, where it stands until the trash that naturally gets into it when extracted all rises to the top, when it is well skimmed and the honey drawn ofi' into the large tank below. The object of the gauze cover aud exjiosure of the lerge tank is to evaporate the honey thoroughly before putting up for market. The honey is draws from the larj,e tank into cans, barrels, etc., for market. The arrangement of the apiary is in jjaral- 58 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. lel rows, eight feet apart, with hives six feet apart in rows, fifty iu a row, twenty- five each side of the door to the honey house. My intention is to have an arbor of grape vines for each double row of hives, the rows of posts for trellis eight, and vines six feet ajjart in each row and each double row, or arbor, to be ten feet apart, the rows running north and south, and hives sitting just under the edge of the arbor, with openings outward, or, the hives on the east side opening to the west. Then I can go under the arbor and between the rows of hives, and be behind each while I work with it. This I like better than any other arrangement for I am always under shade and away from the bees. I have this season had a temporary shed made by throwing brush overhead, but I intend that the vines shall take the place of brush. My intention is to pro- vide for 500 swarms. This, you see, will take five double rows with 100 hives in each, or fifty hives iu each arbor on each side of the avenue leading to the door of the honey house. Thus, you see, I have an apiary of COO hives in a space of 300x90 feet. The apiary being on higher ground than the front part of the lower room of the building. I am not troubled by the bees in driving a team up to the door to load or unload. My intention is to keep not over 500 colonies in one place. I expect to go ahead of this year's re- turns next season. This has been a very poor season, they say, and I suppose it has been much worse than usual, but I will be satisfied if all average with this. I have a little idea in my head by which I expect to go far ahead of anything I have ever done with bees. But I will wait until another season is over before I tell it, and if I make more honey per colony next year than any other man in the United States — well, what then? And this 13 exactly what I intend to do. I will commence next year with 200 col- onies (as bees I handled this year were not all my own). I do not make any calculation on wintering, as bees gather honey the year round. Can you suggest any plan by which we Californians can realize more than ten cents per pound for nice sage honey? It is better than the white clover honey of the East, and it is a shame that we do not get more than ten cents for it. Our second rate honey is about like the gold- en rod or smart weed honey of the East, and we get seven cents for it. I have now about 12,000 pounds of nice honey that I would take twelve and a half cents for, and deliver at the depot. FiLLiNci THE Hive. —A writer on the subject of how the bees fill their hive, says: As soon as the central cell is one- eighth of an inch deep, the queen lays an egg iu it. She then goes around on the opposite side and lays eggs in the three cells that are built from the base of the central one. She then returns and deposits eggs in the six cells surrounding the first one, and continues to keep the cell on both sides filled with eggs, as fast as they are ready to receive them, thus estiiblishiug the center of her brooding nest at the center of the comb structure, and when the comb on each side of the first is brought opposite the center she embraces them in her circuit, thus giving lu-r l)rood-nest a globular form. The honey-storing bees keep the store cells above filled with honey down to the ^ brood. As the sheets of comb are wid- icned they come down lower, and as each additional cond) sheet is built they occu- I>y more of it, thus storing the honey in an arch or dome over the brood. The work must progress and will con- tinue in the same order for twenty-one days, if the sijace be large enough; at which time the brood nest attains its full size, for at the expiration of that time, the cells in the center, first filled with eggs, are vacated by the maturing bees, and the queen returns to the center to refill them with eggs; and as they are emptied in the same rotation in which they are filled, she continues to follow them up, going over the same ground every twenty-one days. The completion of the brood nest does not stop the comb-building. That con- tinues as rapidly as ever, but as it is not filled with eggs by the queen the honey- gatherers keep it filled with honey, thus surrounding the brood with honey. Around the brood on every side, and below, there is found a border of cells that are neither filled with brood nor honey, but are partly filled with bee- bread. Age of Bees. — The queen passes the period of about three days in the egg and five as a worm; the workers then close her cell, and she immediately be- gins to spin her cocoon, which takes her from twenty to twenty-four hours. On the tenth and eleventh days, and perbajos a part of the twelfth day, she seems to be exhausted by her hard labor. She now remains in almost complete repose; she then passes four or five days as a nympha, and on the fifteenth or sixteenth day a jierfect queen is attained. Much depends upon the strength of the colony and the heat of the season, which will vary it from one to two days. The drone jiasses three days in the egg and about six in, the worm, and changes into a perfect insect on the twenty-fourth day after the egg is laid. Much depends on the strength and heat of the colony, which should be about 70 degrees Fah., for their speedy develop- ment. They lay in rather a dilatory state for several days after they hatch before taking wing. The worker spins its cocoon iu thirty- six hours. After passing three days in the egg in this state of preparation for a new life, it gradually undergoes a great change, and becomes armed with a firmer body, with scales of a brownish color, and somewhat fringed with light hairs. On its belly it has six rings or scales. After it has reached the twenty-first day of existence — reckoning from the egg — it comes forth from the cell on the twenty- first or twenty-second day a perfect in- sect, and is termed an image. — I'radkal Farmer. How TO Fill Empty Comb. — A corres- pondent having asked Mrs. Tupper the following question, "How can we best fill a number of hives of empty combs with bees? Wehaveten living colonies, healthy, though weak, and twenty-nine hives full of comb," she replies through the Iowa Ilonedmd a,s ioWows: The best way to fill up your comb is to watch the bees when warm weather comes, and every few days put one empty comb between two that the queen has filled with brood. In this way you will soon have any hive full of brood, if honey is plenty; if not, you must feed quite liberally with sugar syrup. There will Ijc no trouble in getting your hives all full of bees again if you manage in this way. If the season is good, it may be necessai'y for you to extract honey fre(jueutly from the comb, to give the queens room. I have follow- ed the above plan successfully for a num- ber of years, and can therefore recom- mend it. C.n.iFOBNiA HoNEV. --Among other nu- merous products for which California seems destined to become famous, honey ranks as by no means the least valuable item. It has already found its way into the eastern markets, though so far in limited supply, and is much admired for its purity and delicacy of flavor. Its production is not limited to any part of the State, but at jiresent it is chiefly made a specialty in San Diego county, near the Mexican border. The honey crop of that county for ISC'? was 119,000 jjounds, and it is expected that it will this year reach 200,000 pounds. The bees commence working iu that county about the 1st of February, and the sea- son for storing honey lasts from June to September. The finest honey is made from the flowers of the sage, which grows there in such abundance. This is the true sage plant, and must not be con- founded with the "sage brush" of Ne- vada and the northern counties. The flat top or "buckwheat greasewood" also affords excellent honey. The bloom of this plant closely resembles that of buck- wheat, hence the name. The flower of the sumac is another source, and the ice- plant, which covers so much of the coun- try, is likewise much sought by the bees. — Farmers' Union. Honey. — The Ventura S'uiiial of Janu- ary 25th says: The production of honey has in the past, in this county, proved quite remunerative, and we are pleased to observe that our bee men are taking gi-eat pains to place their honey iu the market in the best possible shape, and will thus make still more from it. It is a source of revenue which increases in importance each year. It is impossible to flood ihe market with such honey as is produced where the white sage abounds. W. H. Seward's Energy. — Judge S. gave his son $1000 and told him to go to college and graduate. The son returned at the end of the Freshman year without a dollar and with several ugly habits. About the close of vacation the judge said to his son, "Well, William, are you going to college this year?" "Have no money, father." "Very well, my son, I gave you all I could afl'ord to give you. You can't stay here; you must now pay your own way through the worUL" A new light broke in upon the vision of the young man. He accommodated him- self to the situation; left home, made his way through college, graduated at the head of his class, studied law and became Governor of the State of New York; en- tered the cabinet of the President of the United States, and made a record for himself. TiciAL OF Fakm Implements. — Mowers, rakes, reapers, tedders and horse forks were last season publicly tested at Elmi- ra, N. y., under the auspices of the Farmer's Club of that place. Twelve mowing machines were entered, includ- ing the Wood, Union, and Sprague. The Countri/ (lenllernan says the committee on mowers, five in number, found on com- paring preferences that each had voted for a different machine, and hence no agree- ment as to the best was reached. On rakes, the ijreference was awarded to the Coatcs; on reapers, to Hubbard's Meadow Lark; and on tedders to the Bnllard. Implement Trial at tue Centennial. The Centennial managers have secured the use of nearly fifty acres of good land on the Philadelphia and Trenton railroad near Schenck station, which they pi-o- pose to devote to an iuternational trial of agricultural im))lements of all kinds. The Centennial Agricultural l!\ireau has already had this tract plowed so as to be n readiness for next year. The Parmer's Daughter BY ANNIE L. JACK. She lives within a quiet home. No model of ttie graces. Unknown to culture's higher walks. Or fashion's giddy places: A thoughful girl, so sweet, so wise, With earnest face and loving eyes — The farmer's gentle daughter. From morn till eve the little maid Is bu.sy at her labor; She sweeps and dusts the old farm bouse And helps a poorer neighbor. No gossips will slie listen to (A merit rare, I own you). So lives the farmer's daughter. On baking days her tiny hands Are busy at the making; No bread more lighi; and sweet than hers Was ever made by baking. She churns the butter golden, sweet. And keeps the dairy white and neat — The farmer's useful daughter. Her garden is an Eden fair, A-bloom with pinks and roses- She knows the name of every flower, And makes some gorgeous posies — Grows peas, and radishes, and cress, And corn, and f-quash, and herbs to press- The farmer's happy daughter. Long may she bravely smile on us — Our da'-ling household fairy. The queen of garden, house and lot, And princess of the dairy— To teach us by her pleasant way To love the things of every day- God bless the farmer's daughter. OPEN LETTERS TO WOSWEN— NO I. BY CHARLOTTE. I^rj A.MERIUAN SOCIETY AND ITS ISSUES. ^EAK EDITOR: It is difficult to fairly reach the varied interests of our sex, so much has been said and (F^. 'ij'h written i^rejudicial, not only "iSl to us especially, but to human not only only anity in general. It is through both masculine and feminine influence upon coming generations that humanity is to be per- fected and completed, thereby fulfilling the Creative Mind's purpose in making a world and peopling it with men and women. In Miss Emily Faithful's thoughts, there is much of truth, strength and practicality. What is true in England, is also true iu America of women as a class to-day. But Miss Faithful got at the right way of remedying past and present evils, conditions and circum- stances over which heretofore we have had no control. Our country and our time demands that we unite, laboring from her standpoint, and iu her depart- ment of the great work, education and elevation for women, or woman's "real needs," as she expressed it. And now, as we have introduced our- self, we want to ask the close attention of all our sisters to whom this may come, simply as earnest talks about ourselves and our association in the various econ- omies of life, in which drama we are such importaut actors. We wish to speak strongly and feelingly, and tr\ist that oiir language will be plain and pointed. Phrenologists tell ns that man ;we use the word gciieric;dly) "is a social anim- al." And tndy it would seeui, when hu- man tliought, I'xpression and action are viewed metaphisically — taken together with all its consequences for good or ill — that sometimes the word "animal" is indeed befitting. But we seek not to be sarcastic. The mind grows upon what it feeds, therefore we cannot tolerate Dean Swift's odious carricatures, nor with him believe that to hold up, or keep before the public, vice, immorality and coarse- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. iiess, will disgust the mind to the for- saking of all that will vitiate, blunt, or ^ destroy the finer sensibilities. Our own emulation is the Addison school, believing that the holding up be- fore all people truth, purity and beauty, all that refines, elevates and touches, will at last bring about purer morals, finer feelings, more tender and beautiful ex- amples of human love aud human sac- rifice. Especially do we realize this when we consider that much of what the world contemns is only in the seeming — that, from its very nature, evil must destroy itself eventually. We would not say that the immortal Dean's proclivities were vile or ignoble, but his greatest forte seemed to be in exciting the more com- risibilities of his readers by rather indel- icate, vulgarly-si^okeu comjjurisons and allusions. However, all this is neither here nor there for the question before us, viz,: social association, interest, merit, demerit, and consequences, which takes iu both sexes equally, with only this dif- ference, viz.: that there are involved by far the most largely and lastingly, femi- nine morals and perfection. First— It is very gratifying to contem- plate true womanhood, the sublime mis- sion and responsibility of the feminine soul; but we do not love to think of our sex's enslavement to fashion, pride, friv- olity, and often inexcusable ignorance. And we may deserve sometimes to be told of these faults with censorious harsh- ness, but in person we must protest against Gail Hamilton pitching us all about so summardy, although she says many thing only too true, and many a gem of thought flashes from her potent pen, yet she is too cau^ic. Also wise • Dr. Holland, of ie frank and true in all your statements; abhor deception ns you would a lie, and Avhen you have fairly won that heroine from a pure good honu', who can say "what is good enough for you is good enough for me," and you have the tact to retain that lovo all your life long — and it will be your own fault if you don't — you will have won a prize of which you may be proud till your dy- ing day. Truly, your friend. Aunt Maey. WHAT YOUR NEIGHBORS KNOW. BY KLIZA E. ASTHONT. If you wish to find out anything aboiit yourself, ask your neighbors; thej- will be sure to know. They can tell whether you live happily or not; and, of course, it would give them more food for reflec- tion if you did not. They know how many visitors you have, and will peer through the window-shutters for hours, in the hope and expectation of finding out some news. If you venture on the street in a new suit, your neighbors won- der how many more new clothes you are going to buy, and how your husband can get along with such an extravagant wife ; and, w ith raised eye-brows and pursed mouths, they will shake their heads and exclaim, "Poor man! how I pity him; but you couldn't expect much else from her." If you venture out without your spouse, your neighbors are on the qui virc to find out where you are going, and whom you are going with. One will say that you are a ilirt; another will repeat it, w-ith the addenda that you have left your confiding spouse, and so on, until the mole-hill becomes a mountain; but endeavor to trace it back, and you will get no satisfaction but "They say." If you are single, your neighbors wonder when on earth you are going to get mar- ried, and kindly (?) add that you have tried often enough, but always failed — and no wonder. For their ^nrt, they could not see what there was attractive in such a looking specimen as you were. Now if it were their Ella or Eafella, the men would be sure to propose; but you — bah ! you were cut out for an old maid. When you are married, your neighbors all flock in, and pr}' and peer into this room and that closet, and praise every- thing, from your husband down to the feather pillows. But, after they have left your house, they compare notes. One says, with a snifl", that the curtains were only cheap, cotton lace; another, that the table-cover was actually darned; a third, that you need not put on such airs, for yoiu- carpet was only ingrain, after all; and she didn't see why you had so many hanging baskets and vines, un- less it was to catch the dust; and then they all groan, and say that you will come to the poor-house, and you deserve it for lieing so extravagant, and they pity your husbrnd for being so foolish and indulgent, and only wish they had con- trol of you for a short time. You are entii-ely too independent and don't-care in your manner to suit them. Wouldn't they like to sober you down? Oh, no! It you visit the iiost-office oftener than once a month, your neighbors wonder who you correspond with. There must be something wrong, and your spouse ought to know it. For they actually saw you receive six letters at one time, and gracious knows how many papers. The idea of a married wonniu receiving that many letters more than once a year, and then ,viii7( a bundle of papers! For their part, they can't find time to read the papers, they have so mucn else to do (i. e., gossiping), and think a woman must be crazy to want to know about affairs all over the world, and don't see what earthly good it does yoti to know .about current events. They don't uiulcrstand how you can perform your household duties and also write for t)ic papers; but of course your husband comes home and sits down to a half-cooked meal, whilr California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. you are writing "The Trials and Tribu- lations of Timothy Toodles, Esq.," with your hair dishevelled, slippers down at the heel, and fingers stained with ink. But if they happen in at meal time (as they generally do), and find you presid- ing at a well-laid table, with no signs of ink about you, they say sweetlj-, "What au admirable house-keeper you are, my dear; your husband ought to be proud of }'0U." A good neighbor, in whom you can confide and trust, is a jewel of imtold value; but from people who are inquisi- tive, deceitful, and fond of slander and gossip, may the Lord deliver us! Santa Cruz, Feb. 1876. THAT LETTER FROM ITALY. "Who is the European correspondent? His 'Letter from Italy,' in March num- ber, is certainly most interesting and entertaining." This question asks a contributor. We gave his name with the letter. Mr. James S. Lippincott was one of the editors of the American edition of Chambers' Encyclopredia, and has at- tained a high standing for literary ability. Now, a ripe scholar, he is spending his time in scientilic pursuits and recre- ation, in traveling. While in California, he made extensive collections of plants, and his good wife, who always accom- panies him in his travels, jiainta all the most beautiful and strange fiowers and plants in a most natural style. What he designs to finally accomplish in this di- rection, we know not. But this we do know — while in California, we found him and his wife, personall)', to be very modest and unassuming, yet companion- able and warm friends. We will add to this a portion of a pri- vate note which came with his excellent letter ; "Naples, January '21st, 187G. ' ' We have been in Europe about eight months, and purpose to pass eight or nine more, and have greatly enjoyed it, though it is my second visit. Switzer- land is a glorious country, rivaling Colo- rado and California in scenery, and Italy is fall of interest. A month at Florence and a mouth at Rome were filled with pleasure. I sidjmitted the paper on crossing animals in j'our paper to our best zoologist, who pronounced it a can- ard, as several of the animals employed had not been imported into Europe. The copies of the AoEicuLTtntisT sent me have been read with interest by some of our fruit growers." We will state that the article refen-ed to in the above, "crossing cattle," is the one that appeared in March, 1875, under the heading "Cattle Hybridization," giving the experiments of Mr. Adraan- zoou Van Koppenael, near Leyden, Hol- land. We credited the article to the Mural Xew Yorker, and it to the World as furnished by a Brussels correspond- ent. It the experiment is a canard, the writer certainly shows ability for inge- * nious originality and cogent reasoning that would deceive the wisest and most experienced cattle breeders. We regret the article was not really true. One such I was acquainted with, and one day she told me how she managed. All her work was done before breakfast. The washing must bo done on Monday, rain or shine. She got up at half-past three or four o'clock, soon as possible got to washing, and not iintil it was all done did she get breakfast. The next day she was up at five and did the iron- ing before getting breakfast, and so with all her work. I did not wonder that she was delicate. The strain ujjon one's system by such a course cannot be small. For in the morning the stomach is empty, and the system needs sustenance before any very hard work is undertaken. Dr. Hall, one of our great sanitarians, writes very strongly against exercising much before food has been taken into the stomach in the morning. To return to the wash-tub: I prefer to do my wash- ing on Tuesday, in pleasant weather; at other times, just when the weather per- mits. By washing on Tuesday, I can put the clothes to soak on Monday eve- ning. I heat water and make a good suds, and the clothes wash much easier than if they had not been soaked. The most of the people rush into the washing as soon as the breakfast table is cleared, and after bending over the wash-tub two- thirds of a day, have to sweep, make beds, and wash the dishes. I used to follow that plan, but for more than two years past have taken the opposite course — do all my housework first; then, when the washing is done, I can rest at once. To be sure, I am a little late getting my clothes out, but I never care for that, for I know that as soon as the washing is done, I shall beat liberty to rest, read or write as I may wish. I hope "Grandfather" has not deserted us, without telling us what became of Inglewood and his love-making. If "Grandfather's Letters" are a true recit- al of love-making a century ago, I think it must have been a queer aft'air. But few gentlemen now would receive a fav- orable answer to their suit if they were afraid to tell who they were. Neither would many girls put the matter into Aunt Mary's hands. Perhaps it would be better for a good many of them if they would, for so many do not attach half the importance to marriage that they should, but seem to regard marriage as the great desideridiim of woman's life; never stopping to think of the years to follow, with more trouble and sorrow than they dreamed of during their girl- hood. But what use of talking to them and telling them not to be in a hurry to get married? They only think that those who talk so are old fogies. FAMILIAR TALKS— No. 9. B V SNIP. The author of " Up-Country Letters" tells of a woman who is always at work, and the majority of those who live on farms seem to belong to that class whose work is never done. But there are some liousekeepers who, apparently, always have their work done. No matter what time of day it may be, yon will not find them at work, except just at meal time. FRIENDLY letters-No 2. BY 3IKS. M. K. T. A remakkableJmbntal condition. Alone, with not a sound to break the stillness of a quiet Sunday evening, save the regular tick, tick, measuring time's unceasing march, I find my thoughts wandering hero and there, in a strange sort of waj', at mystifying whys and wherefores. There is so much to worry us ; so much that we mortals cannot understand, that no wonder the mind grows bewildered, and is lost in the vain endeavor to solve some perplexing theory. It was this peculiar mental condition, "a mind diseased," of which I was last thinking, when the desire came over me to relate to others the strange freaks of one I well knew while laboring under this mysterious malady. The story is quite true, and may prove interesting to the readers of The Califoenia Agki- CDLTUKIST. My first recollection is of a pale, sad- looking woman, whose daik, mournful eyes deeply touched my childish sympa- thy. Ever in the same little corner I saw her. Day after day, year after year, she sat there, quietly spinning. Her little wheel seemed a thing of life to her — the recipient of all her silent affection. She never smiled, never spoke, save un- der rare provocation, and then only to utter the same simple sentence, "We don't be to know." We called her Aunt Polly; she was related to our grandfather, and for years his house had been her home. 'To my anxious inquiry about her, my mother said, "She is crazy." As I grew older, and years passed on, I saw and heard much of this woman's remarkable madness. During a period of seven years she played this quiet role. She used only signs to express her de- sires, often displaying an ingenuity that was truly amusing. If sometimes, with a view to provoke her to speak, one made a feint of not understanding her sign, she would, after much ijatient try- ing, repeat her chosen expression, "Me don't be to know." After seven years of quiet industry came a change of programme. Seven years jubilee followed instead. The idolized wheel was set aside. Silence no longer reigned supreme. Overflowing with life and spirit, .Vunt Polly was a new person, made up of new material. She talked almost incessantly, day and night, her imagination supplying won- derful topics, to which her eloquence added a peculiar charm. She was fond of visiting, and often made toiirs through the country calling on all and exhibiting a friendly interest in every one's affairs. At one place she found a rich old widower with two grown up daughters. Her sympathetic htart was at once enlisted in behalf of this comjjanionless man aud- his motherless girls. A wife and mother were needed, and she resolved to fill the jilace, and jjersisted in entering upon her duties with all the dignity of a high-bred lady. The old gentleman absented himself from home for a few days, thinking she would soon tire of the new jjosition. But she did not. She willingly stayed at home, giving orders on the big farm and care- fullj' tending her children, just as an\' true wife and mother should h.ave done, and much tact was called into exercise before she could be induced to leave. For a long time after, she called herself Mrs. K., and spoke of her daughters with much concern and affection. Uidike many, I was glad to have her visit me. She exercised over mc a kind of mesmeric influence that was tridy en- joyable. I could sit for hours listening to her impossible stories; and to have her stroke my hair and pity my poor head, would send through my body a thrill of inexpressible delight. Considered harmless, she was seldom depi-ived of her liberty, but came and went at will, keeping up a perfect round of pleasure and excitement throughout the seven years. And then, as naturally as the sun sets, she would step into her quiet self again, bring out the long- neglected wheel, and st doM'u for a seven years' rest — her countenance resuming the old sad look, and her tongue refus- ing to speak save only the old expres- sion, "Me don't be to know." Thus, every seven years, this wonderful woman changed back and forth her manner of Ufe. She was, perhaps, about thirty years of age when, through some matrimonial trouble, her mind first became disturbed. She lived to the very old age of ninety years, her periodical changes continuing through sixty years with a regularity that passes comprehension. Surely no madness was ever more mysterious. We cannot contemplate a diseased mind without a strange feeling of pity for the unfortunate possessor; and I oft- en think there are more in this world deserving our pity than we are aware of. In fact, are we not all, more or less, in and out of our natural selves, according to circumstances? A CHEERFUL LETTER. BV BCSV bee. The .\grici7ltcbist comes to us freighted with interest, and with prom- ise of even better things in the future. I placed the last year's Agkicdltuei.sts on tile before me, and read over the ar- ticles from the several correspondents, and found much both entertaining and instructive, and how much more may we look forward to during the present year? "Snijo" speaks of a farmer's wife who gets dinner in the middle oi the day, and has a light tea about five o'clock. I have been doing so since last summer, and find it in every way more satisfac- tory. I sometimes make what we call "min- ute pudding." I take a quart of milk — more or less, according to the size of my family — put in a little salt, and let it come to a boil; then set it off of the stove and stir in flour (I like Graham best) very fast until it is thick. I then make a sauce of butter, sugar, and an egg, all beaten up together, with a little flavoring of any kind preferred. We like it very much once in a while, and it is easily made. " .\.uut Polly" sends au invitation to the children. I wonder If she would not extend it to grown children, and tell us how to make jn-etty and useful house- hold articles. Will she not invite per- sons to send descriptions of such things to her department, if the editor can give us the room? I suppose we should not ex- pect everything in one paper, but I think this woiUd be very nice. Just think how many prerty and useful things we could learii to make by next Christmas for our children and friends. I lately saw some little articles that pleased me very much. They were little brackets, made of per- forated card board, hanging on the Avail each side of the bureau. They were made in the shape of a horn of plenty, with lids fasteuded on the top to keep the dust out and hide that which was in- side, and were to put the combings of hair and soiled ruHles, laces and colars in. I thought them very pretty and use- ful. TO "Nl. E. T." Eu. AGBicm-TUTBisT: I hope you will pardon a few remarks in answer to your correspondent " M. E. T." whose "Friendly Letters" are indeed what they purport to be, I feel to thank her for her words of sympathy, which iuvaUds so well appreciate. But I would ask her if she is satisfied to endure p.iin and suf- fering without questioning the cause, or tr.ying to regain health? While my eyes are now being opened to the new life — a life in accordance with God's (nature's) laws — in which there is health and strength if we obey, my soul yearns to spread the glad tidings, that others who are treading the path which leads to ill health, pain and miser}', may take warn- ing and retrace their steps ere it be too late. My hostess, teacher and guide encourages me in investigating and thinking upon these questions. I wish "M. E. T." would tell us some California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal of her "mother's memories," for some of us big folks are only children grown big, with hearts and heads that enjoy the "Corner" as well as little folks, and I often wonder if it would not make us happier and better, to, if we all indulged more iu the sports and joys of children. Eaciikl a. E. i0mc$tic» Don't Take it to Heart. There's many a trouble Would break like a bubble. And into tbe waters of Lethe depart, Did not we rehearse it, And tenderly nurse it, And give it a permauent place in the heart. Tht^re'8 many a sorrow Would vanish to-morruw. Were we not unwilling to furnish the wings; So sadly intruding. And quietly brooding. It hatches out all sorts of horrible things. How welcome the seeming Of looks that are beaming, Whether one's wealthy, or whether one's poorl Eyes bright as a berry. Cheeks red as a cherry, 1 he groan and the curse and the heartache can cure. Resolved to be merry, All worry to ferry Across the famed waters that bid us forget. And no longer tearful. But happy and cheerful We feci life has much that's worth living for yet. BY A NEW CONTRIBUTOR. ^l\ gSj*©. Ageicultukist : I am a farmer's 4if wife, and have been a reader of Tff , your valuable paper two years, and (yfi I have gained a great deal of infor- o|i^ matiou through its columns. In the January number, a lady asks some one to tell her how to wash colored flan- nels without fading, shrinking, etc. I will give her my way: Make a strong soap suds with luke warm water. To each pail of water put iu one tablespoon- ful of liqiaid ammonia. Prepare the water before puttiog the flannelsinto the tub. If necessary to take them through a second suds, add only half the quantity of ammonia the second time. Kinse through warm water. I also have a good receipt for washing calicoes to prevent them from fading. If any of the lady readers would like the receipt, they can have it by asking through the Aoeicultttkist. Will some one please tell mo how to kill lice on goats? Ours are very lousy. As one of your corresijondents has asked how to do it, here is my receipt for making sweet pickled currants: Let the currants stand six hours iu weak salt water, then drain through a colandar. 'When well drained, put into a stone jar. To every pound of currants, take one pound of sugar and a pint of cider vine- gar, with spices to suit the taste. Put the sugar and vinegar over the stove and let come to a boil, then pour it over the currants boiling hot. Boil the juice once a day for three days. Peaches can bo put up in the same way. Miis. L. W. Flora wants to know if any of our lady readers can tell her how to remove tea and coffee stains from table-cloths; and we supplement the query by asking if chloride of lime will not do it. lU Santa Cbra County is to have a beautiful atlas. A competent corps of artists, writers, statisticians, surveyors, J etc-., are making rapid progress with the Tl\ ^^".''''- ^'aiiy of the most prominent liuildings and most i!nport:iut i>Iaces will bo elegantly lithogi-aphed. The whole ' work will be one of much value and in- '"■' tcrest. 10WJ5 iXml #ivb. Over in the IMEeadow. ItY MR.S. ULr\'E A. W.VDSWORH. [A Kindergarten play for twelve little boys, from "Songs for Our Darlings." The recita- tions should be single; the sounds and motions, such as winking, etc., given by the whole, in concert.] First Boy- Over in the meadow, in the sand inthe sun. Lived an old mother toad and her little toady one. " WinkI" said the mother; "I wink," said the one. So she winked and she blinked, in the sand, iu the sun. Second Boy- Over in the meadow, where the stream runs blue, Lived an old mother fi,sh and her little fishes two. "Swim!" said the mother; "We swim," said the two; So they swam and they leaped where the stream runs blue. Third Boy- Over in a meadow, in a hole in the tree, Lived a mother bluebird and her little birdies three. "Sing!" said the mother; "We sing," said the three; So they sang and were glad in the hole in the tree. Fourth Boy — Over in the meadow, in the reeds on the shore. Lived a mother muskrat and her little rattles four. " Dive!" said the mother; "We dive," said the four; So they dived and they burrowed in the reeds on the shore. Fifth Boy- Over in the meadow, in the snug bee-hive. Lived a mother honey-bee and her little honeys five. " Buzz!" said the mo her; "We buzz," said the five; So they buzzed and they hummed in the snug bee-hive. Sixth Boy- Over in the meadow, in a nest built of sticks. Lived a black mother crow and her little crows six. "Caw!" said the mother; " We caw," said the six: So they cawed and they called in the nest built of sticks. Seventh Boy- Over in the meadow, where the grass is so even. Lived a gay mother cricket and her little crickets seven. " Chirp!" said the mother; "We chirp," said the seven; So they chirped cheery notes in the grass soft and even. Eighth Boy- Over in the meadow, by the old mossy gate. Lived a brown mother lizard and her little liz- ards eight. "Bask!" said the mother; " We bask," said the eight; So they basked in the sun by the old mossy gate. Ninth Boy — Over in the meadow, where the clear pools shine Lived a green mother frog and her little froggies nine. " Croak!" said the mother; "We croak," said the nine. So they croaked and they splash<'d where the clear pools shine. Tenth Boy- Over iu the meadow, in a sly little di n, Lived a gray mother spider and her little spiders ten. " Spin!" said the mother; "We spin," said the ten; So they spun lace webs in their sly little den. Eleventh Boy- Over in the meadow, in the soft summer even. Lived a mother fire-lly and her little flies eleven. "Shine!" said the mother; "We shine," said the eleven; So they shone like stars in the soft summer even. Twelfth Boy- Over in the meadow, where the men dig and delve. Lived a wise mother nut and her little antics twelve. "Toil!" said the mother; "We toil," said the twelve; So they toiled and were wise where the men dig and delve. "OUR CORNER." HAPPY greeting, nephews and neices! Here is something for us to puzzle our brains over, and I am not sure but it is a point well worth discussing. Amanda puts tile question as follows: Santa Ceuz, March, l«7n. ^ Dear Aunt Polly: Feeling interested iu the plan which you suggest for mutual improvement, I venture to send, as an answer to your puzzle, the following, suggested by a friend at my elbow: It is what we often find in the form of a roll with fire at one end and a fool at the other. My friend, you see, is very out- spoken, and a little prejudiced against anything which you, dear Aunt Polly, would hope the young cousins will h;we nothing to do with. Jerry has been a good deal exercised of late about a matter which presses sorely upon his conscience, and I have resolved to lay it before you for advice and com- ment. The "Good Book" tells us decid- edly, among the commandments, "Thou sha'lt not kill." It does not add what; therefore, should not the command be construed to kill not at all— neither bird nor beast? Food we have in abundance of a variety of sorts without taking life, still, to many of earth's inhabitants, ani- mal food has become a necessity. Jerry has a passion for hunting. Game is shy and unapproachable. He has been tempted to shoot robins and larks, and has received numberless rebukes from the bird defenders. Jerry asks if life is not as dear to every living creature as to each little bird, and what difference whether one is born a robin or a jack rabbit; is it more of a crime to take the life of one than the other? Sincerely, yours, Amanda. Aunt Polly will only say that if you will look a little farther into the " Good Book" you will find other commands which involve the taking of animal life, both for food and other purposes, and still others that provide for the punish- ment of those who take human life; so I think that settles the question as to ichat we are not to kill. However, killing any animals for sport is cruel and wrong. Here is a new correspondent. How do you do, Willie. Glad to shake hands with you : Cknteeville, March, 1870. Aunt Folly: I am nearly twelve years old, but not too old to write to you. The answer to Jennie's puzzle is "Air." I have one which I think is still more dif- ficult. Here it is: I am composed of IG letters. My 7, 5, 2, G, 8 is a large man. My 8, 9, 15 is a weight. My 8, 11, 10 is a metal. My 12, 2, 8 is a small animal. My 3, 2, 3, 4 is an article of ornament. My 1, 1*1, IG is what old people some- ! times wear. My 13 is a consonant. My whole is the nama of an American author. Please imt this in your jmirnal. WiLI.IK A. Jennie brings another puzzle for you. I wonder if she will be as successful in solving Willie's enigma as he was in guessing hers. Do not allow yourself to be beaten by a boy, Jennie. LiVEEMoHK, March, 187G. I)c((r Aunt I'olli/: I have written once, and do not know that I ouglit to write again, but I thought I would send the answer to the enigma somebody sent you. It is the letter "O." I got thir- teen soiiarate words from the word "car- pets." Here is a riddle that is not new, Imi perhaps some of the "cousins" have never seen it, and for mo it was very ' hard : There is a thing in many lands Teaches multitudes but nothing under- stands. It is not in Italy, but in Piome it doth appear; It comes in every moment, but not iu twenty year; It's in all kinds of timber, but not iu any tree : It's in all kinds of mountains, but not in land or sea. I remain, your niece, Jennie D. You did very well to get thirteen words from "carpets," but you are beat, for here comes another little niece, only ten years old, who has done still better: LivEEMOEE, March, 187G. Dear Aunt Polly: My papa takes the Ageicultukist, and when it comes I always turn to the children's "corner." I like puzzles very much. I tried to see how many words I could make out of "carpets," and succeeded iu getting one hundred and sixty-five, which I send you. [Will give the words another time.-Aunt Polly.] I think the answer to Jennie's rebus is "air." As this is my first letter to you, I will make it short. Lovingly, your little niece, Maky C. Aunt Polly thinks there are still more words that can be found by using the letters as many times as you please. To the little girl or boy who will send us the most Aunt Polly "will send the pair of chromes, "Chicks" and "Birds." Now all try real hard, won't you? -ind now hear what Georgie has to say: San Jose, March, 1867. Dear Annl Polly: Every night my mam- ma reals to me and my lit.le brother after we go to bed, and it is a real nice way to do, because it makes us sleejiy, and we dream of stories and things. I like the children's "corner" ever so much, and hope lots of girls and boys will write to you, and I wish the big ones would tell us something fuuiiy,_ too. Mamma read me what "M. E. T.'' said about telling us some funny stories, if they would let her, and I ■ want you to be sure and ask her to, right away. Your niece, Geoegie. LiVEEMOEE, March, 1870. Aunt Polly: In looking over the child- ren's "corner" of the Ageiccliueist I found the enigma, and think I can solve it. It m\ist be the letter "0." I have written an enigma, which I send you. If you think it worthy of a place in your columns I should be glad to see it pub- lished. I am composed of -12 letters. My 11, 2, 7, 26, 29, 41, 20, 35 is an aniiual of the hog kind. Uy IS, 33, 40 is a weight. My 15, 24, 32 is a domestic animal. My 30, 38, 25, 30 is a the mouth. My 26, 10, 8, 12. 30, 39 is peril. My 1, G, 13, 39, 2, 42 is an iuclosure. My 30, 19, 14, 34, 30 is the sap of a fruit. My 22, 23, 28, 27 is quiet. My 17, 4, 5, 32 is to raise. My 31, 16, 21, 23 is to fit. My 37, 9, 27 is a kind of fluid. My whole is something that we always welcome. Yours, To.MMV Claek. Now here is a little anecdote you will like: A child went with her mother to buy shoes, and was shown some congress boots with a row of buttons up the side in imitation of bnttoued-bools. She de- clined trying them on, and when mam- ma insisted, she declared they w-ere only mitke-believe buttoned-shoos, and she did not want to wear anything that w;is a sham. "Please let me try a pliiin California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. I The child was hiimorecl and ' the mother and shop-keeper both taught ^ 11 lesson that it would be well for all to l.r-ep in mind — to avoid pretending to be dift'erent from what you are. And now, good-bye all, and be sure and see that "Our Comer" is full next month. Every month wo want some puzzle that will be w-orth a pair of chro- mos to beat. GRANDMA'S TALKS- Easy Lessons from Nature—No. 3. Well, children, how many of you are ready to tell what will change ice to water, or to steam? Johnny says if he warms the ice it turns into water, then when the water gets hot enough it turns into steam. Now this is a fact worth knowing and remembering, that lietit is the cause of all the chaiVjcs of matter from the solid to the fluid condition. iVfter a shower do you see any of that kind of work done by the sun? It rained last night, and .Johnny and Lucy a look- ing eagerly out of the window to see — what? That steam or vapor is rising from the roof of the barn. Look sharp, children, and you will see vapors rising from the ground, fences, houses and lake, as if hurrying up to make more clouds, which will fall to the earth again in rain. Lucy asks what stops the steam np in the air — why it don't go clear np to the Ktars and never come down again. John- ny calls her a "goosie" to ask such a ([uestion. But can you answer her,mas- ter Johnny? Then you want to know the reason, too, don't you? Breathe on the window glass, Lucy, and what is the result? Oh! you cannot see through the glass; you have made a tiny cloud there. You may laugh, but it ii' a real cloud. Now breathe ten or twelve times in the same place. You see the little cloud is beginning to rain. At first the drops were so very small they scarcely appeared to be water, but by adding more steam or breath they have increased in size until too heavy to stick to the glass and are falling like rain. If heat causes water to change into ^tfam, what happens when heat is taken liutof the steam? Johnny says truly tiiat it will turn into water again. What cliauges your breath (which is vapor or steam) int*water on the window pane? That is I'ight, Lucy. Feel if the glass is cold. You have found out the reason, now. And if we took a great deal more heat out of those drops, what then? They would turn to snow or ice. That is Jack Frost's work on the window panes in freezing weather. Perhaps you have never seen his beautiful work in this mild climate. I must tell you now that even in coun- tries where the weather is always exces- sive warm the tops of the highest moun- tains are covered with snow; also, that the people who travel in balloons always notice that the air grows colder as they rise higher and higher (for balloons fre- quently sail into and through the clouds) . Now, children, what stops any vapor or steam from rising and turns it back to the earth in rain? You are right, little Lucy. The cold air, stops it, for that takes the heat out of the steam, which forms into clouds of tiny drops of water, falling in rain when they become heavy enough. And now Johnny will not call you a "goosie,' so readily again, I think. Thus, you understand that the atoms composing water are not destroyed, but are continually taking one of the three j forms wc have mentioned: solid, liquid, or vapor. For instance, fresh falling tain is forrard of the water-atoms which have fallen over and over again; for since the creation of the earth not an atom has been destroyed of any kind of matter. Lucy says Bridget has certainly de- stroyed her dolly's hat, for she threw it in the fire and it is gone entirely. Not so, Lucy; the form only is changed. Y'ou can't fit it on your dolly now, I know. It has certainly lost its fashionable shape and all its beauty as a hat; but every atom still exists, and perhaps takes more space than it did before, only your little eyes can't see it. In the bright flame it vanished from your sight, turning into smoke or gas, leaving only a few ashes visible. Here I have a little toy called "Pha- raoh's serpent's egg." It is no larger than a white bean. I light it carefully with a match. See it burn! Children, dont think it is really growing into a live snake, though it looks very much like one as, fold after fold, it wriggles out of the burning egg. That is only the ashes you see forming, and some portion of that little egg has also passed off in smoke. I suppose you consider smoke " noth- ing," but you really h.ave seen some- thing, Johnny and Lucy, that increases in size by burning. The ashes are formed by a new combination of the atoms in the egg and the atoms in the air, caused by applying heat. Our lesson to-day has been about a property, belonging alike to all matter, which philosophers call inckslmchbility . Lucy says it is too long a word for such a little girl to remember, but as it has only seven syllables, by taking two syl- lables a week I think you can learn it well during the month. €nxt^mU\iU. A POLITICAL ENIGMA SOLVED. BY UNCLE SAM. Dear Editor: An article in a San Francisco paper accounting for the pres- ent hard times by the fact that our taxes exceed our exports, suggests to me a few thoughts that possibly you may find room for. A heavy tax is not necessarily detri- mental to the prosperitj' of the country. If the money raised by taxation is promptly and evenly distributed among the people, and in such a manner as to help the work of the country, it may be a great benefit. I have a force of men working my ranch, and tax them ten dollars each for a "Hail Columbia" fund. It looks like a heavy tax; but if I pay each man a dollar every time he whistles or sings "Hail Columbia" the men soon have the money in their pockets, and the place is benefitted by the cheery influence and patriotic suggestions of that good, old tune. Should I insist upon a stave of "Dixie Land" being sung or whistled before, each bar of "Hail Columbia," my men w-ill probably discuss, quan-el, and raise more discords than there are in both tunes kept apart, and ni}' "Hail Colum- bia" fund will come to grief. It is better that Congress should refuse to vote a Centennial fund, than to force ■'Hail Columbia" and "Dixie" on the same platform. Should I pay the "Hail Columbia" fund to a baud of Chinese musicians, and thus send it nearly unbroken across the Pacific, my men would feel the discord of the transaction, and there would be less money to carry on business on the place. Should I give it to any one man in such a shape that he could hire my men at increased wages to build some orna- mental work that would return no equiv- alent to the country, both ranch and men would eventually suft'er a loss, as during this absence my ranch has not prospered, and where the ranch or coun- try goes down hill, the workmen follow. Some of my men on the south side of the ranch got dissatisfied, jumped the ranch, stole the stock and tools, and elected another boss. I was obliged to detail a jiart of the workmen from the north side to stop these irregular pro- ceedings, and so much labor being with- drawn from producing, I had to borrow money and issue notes. This being so easily done, I pay my faithful men large wages, and they go into many enterprises on thei. ow'iihook. They gi-ade a railroad across the middle of the ranch, and make me responsible for most of the work. They spend vast sums of money, and withdraw much labor from production, on a railroad at the northwest corner of the ranch that, at present, is dead capital. They have erected a great many very costly build- ings all over the ran^h, most of them good to have, but will not pay this gene- ration for building. Up the stream from one camp called New Y'ork City, they have built summer camps and laid oiit pleasure grounds that have cost millions of dollars, but return but very few dol- lars for the mass of the people to live on. Plenty of my promises-to-pay circulating among the men stimulated trade most unnaturally. Stimulated trade fairly in- toxicated manufacture, and my ranch is piled up in places with boots, shoes, woolen and cotton goods, wagons, plows, etc., begging for a market, while those that made them are begging for employ- ment, and those who need them have no money to buy them. My dissatisfied workmen on the south side, I am glad to employ to build up the country they have so badly damaged. But if they insist on my sliding alomj to let their whipped boss draw his stool up to my desk, handle half the money, and make half or more of the laws, I must firmly say. No. I had rather he would keep out of sight or emigrate. I would say to my men, north, south, east and west, be industrious and work at such work as will pay; don't fool away your time at fancj' work for a few years, and we will pull through all right. I have been learning a good lesson watch- ing my good friend Johnny Crapaud, who has a ranch over east of the big pond, and who so kindly lent me a helping hand nearlv a hundred years ago, when I had a little difliculty with my mother. Johnny has had a tough lesson to recite, but his boys have taken hold with such good grit, and used so much economy, and paid their bills so promptly, that it is more than an even chance that they will, morally, be victors over their phys- ical victors. LETTER FROM CASTROVILLE. MONTEREY, COUNTY. Deep-Plowing Controverted. Ed. Agricultuelsi: I have noticed ar- ticles on deep and shallow plowing in late numbers of the AGKicn-TURLST. During an experience of nine years farm- ing in California, I am convinced that thorough surface cultivation is the best. Good crops do not depend upon deep plowing in dry years, and in wet seasons they do as well upon shallow as upon deeply plowed land. i ■Where the soil is shallow, as upon poor hill land, it will not do to plow deep. as the only good soil is on top, where it I belongs; to turn it under and bring up coarse material ruins it. Early seeding, as a rule, works best, and is better than all theories about deep plowing. I have plowed my ground deeply after rains, when I could, and the light plow- ed, early sown has always yielded the best. The soil is lighter, liner and better for the germination of the seed when worked shallow and thoroughly. In 1870-71 I plowed both deep and shallow, and I saw the wheat on the deep plowed soil dry out, while on the shallow- worked it made a good crop, lly neigh- bors have experienced the same. On the deep plowing the grain was slower in getting a start, and as the plowed soil dried out the roots perished, while on the lightly tilled they reached for moist- ure sooner and grew right along. A gentleman in Pajaro valley plowed deep and sub-soiled with a small plow following the large one. In sandy sedi- ment tlie plows ran very deep, and in other places a poor sub-soil was stirred up. He did not get as good grain from his deeply plowed land as from that which w as lightly worked on the surface alone. Potatoes and beans need deeper idowed soil than grain, but not too deep, either, but thoroughly working of the soil. I have tried it during the last nine years with potatoes, barley, wheat and oats. A good, early start is the best for all grain crops, and in all seasons, wet or dry, I find deep plowing not so good as tho- rough surface tillage, not over three or four inches. It is not safe to plow adobe land over five or six inches, and it takes a good deal of extra power to do it. Your cor- respondent, "Mechanic," who speaks of plowing fourteen inches, must be in error. This rainy season it may do to plow some classes of soil deep, such as black adobe on clay snb-soil. Such soil is the best and most enduring grain land in the world. The farmers in Europe do not get their best crops from real deep plowing, but from heavy manuring and working into the soil ingredients to make it light, ro- tation of crops, changing to green crops and pasture, etc., two plowings a year, careful harrowing, and fine tillage gener- ally. As they have small farms, and naturally a shallow soil, it has paid them to deepen it artificially, underdrain it, and renew its fertility with manures, plowing under green crops, etc. They have a sod to turn under, rains every month in the year, and must farm differ- ently. Here, before the heavy fall rains, we cannot plow deep — and if we do, we get no better crops. But with shallow cul- tivation we can get in our crops early, and in better condition than at any other time. And if not drowned out, we get the best crops. On rich land the only danger is that the grain will grow too rank and lodge. ScBSCBIBEK. In the Common Lot of Man. Wheeeas. In the inevitable course of human events, another link has been dropped from our fraternal chain in the death of our worthy and youthful brother, C. "W. Keith, and our Grange Bhome of the promise of support and greater usefulness in a more mature age; be it Resolved, That in the death of our youthful brother this Grange has lost a worthy member and his parents a beloved son. Resolved, That wc extend our heart-felt and fraternal sympathy to the bereaved parents and friends. Resolved, that this preamble and resolutions be spread upon the records, and a copy be sent to the California Agbicultctust and Rur.il Press for publication. Z. L. Gabwood. '\ J. Knowles, J Committee. .\ . B. HtJXTEn, ) California Agriculturist Axn Live Stock Journal. TREADWELL SINGLE-GEAR CALIFORNIA HEADER. We give an illustration of this header, believina it to be a superior machine. It is manufactured expressly for California gi-ain fields, by J. I. Case & Co., of Wisconsin, the largest agricultural ma- chine manufacturers in the country. Besides retaining all the improvements of value used in the Haines headers, it has the patent adjustable reel, improved iron wheels, new flange guide wheels, improved pitman and boxes, improved elevator, improved bevel gearing to drive the reel, and pipe-shaft for reel. The strain is equalized with truss braces. No unnecessary friction; easy to turn; thrown in or out of gear while in motion; was gotten up in California by practical mechanics and farmers, for California, and is manufactured out of the very best materials for good and lasting service. The proprietors of Elevator A, at Indi- anapolis, offer to transfer grain, and store the same for 20 days at '-'^c per bushel, and no charge for shoveling or switching. The charges in Chicago are nearly 3c on wheat and corn. Good Black Ink.— A gentlemn away out in Idaho says: "Good black ink is not easily attainable here, and the trash that passes for the genuine article is sold at fabulous prices." For his benefit and that of others similarly situated we repeat a recipe taken from the New York Tribune: To one quart of strong decoc- tion of logwood, well strained, add three ounces of blue galls in coarse powder, twelve drams sulphate of iron, one and one quarter drams acetate of copper, twelve drams of well ground sugar, one and one-half ounces of gum arable. Set it over the fire till it begins to boil, then set it away uncorked till it has turned black enough : add a few cloves to keep out the mold. It is a real pleasure to open a letter and find a clear, legible chirography, in ink of a decided color, as well as less of a task to write one with smoothly flowing ink. SxK.iw AND Hat. — Good clean straw, carefully stacked, is supposed to repre- sent a value in comparison with the best meadow hay, of three to one. That is, an animal must eat three pounds of straw to get the same subsistence as would be aftbrded by one pound of hay. One of our exchanges mentions the fact that a person had trouble with the drawing out of staples from barn-doors, and screws from hinges. He drove pegs into the holes, and put the irons in again; but they would soon come out, wooden pegs and all. Then he used leather, which was better than wooden pegs, but in time the latter got used to the pressure, ancl let the staple out. Then he filled j the holes tightly with cork, and put in the screws and irons, and they have re- mained in perfect condition to this day. To Preserve Fence Posts. — Accord- ing to excellent authority, fence posts can be made as imjjcrishable as iron for less than two cents apiece. Pulverized charcoal is to be stirred into boiled lin- seed oil to the consistency of paint, and a coat of this is to be brushed over the part of the post to be placed in the ground. — Boston Journal of Chcmistri/. Vinsonhaler's Business College! SAN JOSE, C-AL. Be fnigal, but not mean; prudent, not subtle: complaisant, not servile; active in business, but not its slave. There are also four other habits which are essen- tially necessaiy to the happy manage- ment of temporal concerns: punctuality, accuracy, steadiness and dispatch. Thorough instruction in all branched pertaining to a business education. No scholar graduated who falls below 98 per cent, in Studies and Deportment. School in session during the entire }-ear. Pupils can enter at any time. Those desiring Board can find a com- fortable Home in the Institute. All Graduates will be awarded a hand- some Diploma. Pupils attending this College can also have access to any of the English bran- ches taught in the SAN JOSE IN8TI- TVT'Efreeofcharqe. JAMES VINSONHALER, San Jose, Cal. I\OCK'S NUI\SERIES, ' SAN JOSE, CAL. ■ THE ATTENTION OF NUKSERYMEN AXI) ! plautiTK is iiivit*'d tu my large stuck uf FRUIT TREES! Of Die very best Varieties for Jlarki t. Shipping i and Drying; Who, GRAPKVIXES, CURRANTS, GOOSK- ! UI^RRIKS, BI..ACKBBRRIES AND R.VSPBERRIES. SUADE TREES, KVRRGREENS, HI.UE GUMS AND SHRUBS. GREKXHOUSE PLANTS, BEDDING PLANTS, ETC. Srnrl f(,r a C'ataloKiir. JOHN ROCK, San Joso. TMinLARil TANNER?, J AC or, Ei',h:iaiAi;Dr ^ - Prop,-. A I-r. KINDS OP LKATIIEK, 8HEEP. iVBkliis and wncil. IIii;lioBt price paid lor Slicop SliinB, Tnllo^v. Wool, etc. EMPEY & LENITAIID, IManufacturcrK and I'tiil'rs'in HAR-/C|^^ COL- NESS.g^^L ARS, SADDLERY. Carriage Trimmings. Etc. 'So. '2C,2 ,SV/,i^( Chira Sired. SA.N JOSXS. mmmm mu m\m FOR SALE. O IXTY ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD O — ThoroURhbred Spanish Merino Ilams, Call fornia bred, Irom Ewcb imported from Vermont, [ and sired tty Severance & Peet's celebrated ram I'REMONT. and by their ram GKEEN llOrX- TAIN, which took the first premiunifi at the liay district and State l-'aii-s. Last shearing. 35!<. lbs. year's grfiwth. Also, about 100 Ewes and I I.ambs, all of (JKEEN MOUNTAIN stock, bred lust year. ' B. F. WATKINS, S'mta Claru. Cal. T3a.© Goodeaoue-b. COMMON-SENSE SYSTEM HORSESHOEIITG SHOP! Col'. Santa Clam niitl San Pectro Streets (opposite Post Oilic*-) . The only Natuial Method of SliiicinK the Horse to prevent Corns, Quarters Cracks, Contrac- tion of the Hoof, and all Lameness Eosr.ltin.^ from Unsound Feet. vs. K. IiAKCOXta, Proprietor. IF YOU VVAXT A PATKXT, SEND US a moapl or tketrli and ;i lull deKcriptioii of yoTir jnvputlon. Wo '.vill iniiko nji oxaniiiintion lit the Patont Ollloo. and if wo thiuk it patent- able, will sonrt yon papers and athlco and proRc- outo your case. Our feo will bo. in ordinary CHBOR, flias. Advice fhfe. Address LOUIS I BAGGKU k CO.. Wanbiugton, It. C. BE^ Scud j Postal Card for our " Guujk roii Obtainino Patents"— n book of fiO pages. Closing Out Stock THE SUUSCKIBERS, INTENDING TOCLOoE up their business with as littlo delay as pos- sible, now ofler their sloct of Jackson Wagons ! As a WHOLE, or at RETAIL, on the most favor- able terms and at very low prices, .T. D. ARTHITR & SON. nih Cor. California and Davis St., S.F. ZiOcke <& Montague, IMPOHTERS AXr> DEALERS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware S:c. ':112 and 114 Battery St., ] KAN FRANCISCO. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Parties ilesiriiiR to purcbase Live Stock will tiiui iu this Directory the names of some of the moBt reliable Breeders. Our Rates. — Cards of two lines or less wlil be inserted iu this Directory at the rate of 50 cents per month, payable annually. A line will averaf:;e about seven words. Count five words for the tirst line. CATTLE. SB. EDICRSOIV, Mountain View, Santa • Clara County, Cal. — Breeder of Short-Horn and Holetein Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CYRUS JONES & CO., San Jose, Santa Clara County. Cal. — Breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. " Young BuIIb for sale." CHARL.es CliARK, Milpitas, Santa Clar* County. Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. (^OL.EMAIV YOUNGER, San .Jose, Santa y Clara County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. c. B. POIiHEMUS, Sau Jose, Santa Clara County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cat- CARR & CHAPMAN, Gabilan, Monterey County, Cal.— Breeders of Trotting Horses, Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. WL. OV£RHISER. Stockton, San Joa- • quin County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. M OSES "mCK, Oroville, Butte Countv Cal.— Breeder of Short-Hora Cattle. SHEEP AND GOATS, CP. BAILEY, San Jose Cal.— Impoi-ter- • breeder, and dealer in Cashmere or An- gora Goats. Fine Pure-bred and Grade Goats for sale. LBNDRUM At ROGERS, Watsonville, Cal. —Importers and breeders of the finest Cots- wold Sheep and Angora Goats. McCRACKElVifc LEWIS, San Jose, Cal.— Importers and breeders of fine Angora Goats; also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. MRS. ROBERT BLACOW, CenterviUe, near Niles Station, Alameda County, Cal. — Pure-blooded French Merino Rams and Ewes lor sale. IEIVDRUM Si ROGERS, "SVateonville, J Cal.— Importers and breodersof Pure Angora Goats. swmE. CHARI.ES CliARK, Milpitas, Santa Clara County, Cal.— Breeder of Pnre-bred Berk- shire Swine. POULTRY. MRS. t,. J. WATKINS, Santa Clara- Premium Fowls. White and Brown Leg- horn, S. S. Hamlinrg.L. Brahmas, B. B . Red Game, Game Bantams, and Aylesbury Ducks. Also Errs. MISCELLANEO US. HARRIS HERRING, San .Jose, Cal.— _ . Agent for several breeders of Best Pure-bred animals and poultry. We bring the breeder and purchaser together direct, and do not stand be- tween them, while we aid each free of charge. SPLENDID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, only S'i a dozen, and Cabinets S4 a dozen, at H0WL\N1''S Gallery (Heering's old stand) No. .3.'>9 First street, San Jose. WALLACE & COCHRAN, 386 First street—Handsome turnouts always on hand at fair prices. I'ine Hearse for Funerals. Car- riages for sale. Give us a trial. H. S. LAIUKIN, ATTOHNEY-AT-LAW-KOOMS 3 AND 4, Stone's Buildiiig (opposite Auzerais House), Santa Clara street, San -Jose. mum NATIONAL GOLB BANK DR. J. BRADFORD COX, FFICE OVER T. W. SPRI^G•S opposite the Post Office, San .Jose. «^" The National Gold Medal was awarded to Bradely k Biilofson for the best Photographs in the United States, and the Vienna medal for the best in the world. 429 Mantgomery street, San Francisco. CAPITAL WILLIAM ERKSON H. E. HILLS S 100,000. President. Manager. SANIA CLARA VALLEY Drug Store, 300 SiiiitiL Clara street, Opposite tile Convent, SAN JOSE, JOHN D. SCOTT, 9X. D.,1 Physician and Druggist. SASr JOSE. Paid up Capital (gold coin) $.500,000 Authorized Capital $1,000,000 John W. Hinds. President; E. C. Siugletary, Vice-President; W. D. Tisdale, Cashier and Sec- retary; L. G. Nesmith, Assistant Cashier. Directors:- C. BniTel, Wm. D. Tisdale. E. I L. Bradley, C. G.HaiTison, E. C. Siugletary, Wm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds, W. H. Wing, J. B. Edwards. Correspondents:- Anglo-Californian Bank ! (limited), San Francisco; First National Gold Bank, S. F.; First National Bank, New York; \ Anglo-Californian Bank (limited) London. WILL ALLOW INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, buy and sell Excliange, make collections, loan money, and transact a General Banking Business. Special inducements offered to mer- chants, mechanics, and all classes for commer- cial accounts. S. W. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., SABar JOSE. SA.^ JOSE SAVINGS BANK, 2S(3 Santa Clara Street. CAPITA!. STOCK - - $600,000 Paid iu Capitul (Gold Coin) - $300,000 Officers :~Pi'esident, John H. Moore; Vice- President. Gary Peebles; Cashier, H. H. Reynolds. Directors : — John H. Moore, Dr. B Bryant, S. A. Bishop, Dr. W. H. Stone, Cary Peebles, S. A. Clark, H. Messing. NEW FEATURE: This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts," bearing interest at tj, Hand 10 percent per annum; inter- t st payable promptly at the end of six months from date of deposit. The " Receipt" may be transferred by indorsement and the principle with interest paid to holder. ' Interest also al- lowed on Book Accounts, beginning Rt date of deposit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe keeping of Bonds, Stocks, Papers. Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Ciu-rency, at reasonable rates. Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. FARMERS' UNION. ( Success! n-s to .\. Phister k Co.) Cor. Second and SantA Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. DIRECTORS : Wm. Erkson, J. P. Dudley, L. F. Chipman, David Campbell, Horace Little, James Singleton, C. T. Settle. E. A. Braley. Thomas E. Snell. fl£^ Will do a General Mercantile Business. Also, receive deposits, on which such interest will be allowed as may be agreed upon, and make loans on approved security. LOS GATOS HURSEHIES, S. XEWHALIi, Px-op'r Sau Jose. A LARGE AND GENERAL ASSORTMENT of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Evert.'reens, Fli>wering Shrubs, Roses. Greenhouse Plants, Grapevines, Small Fruits, etc. I offer for sale a well assorted, well grown and healthy stock. Low-topped stalky fruit trees a specialty. Ad- dress s. NEWHALL, San Jose- T n E SAN JOSE Xity of San Jose" I INSTITUTE BUSIITESS COLLEGE! 255 .SV1.V7VI CLAliA ST. -IMrOllTKKS OF- DHY GOODS. WE HAVE THE PLEASURE TO INFORM the ladies of San Jose and vicinity that wc are now ready to supply them with all sorts of Spring and Summer Goods I I —FROM— THE CHEAPEST TO THE BEST. Our assortment, this season, is iXiAKGEB. THAN EVER, And we are sntisrtfd that our PRICES WILL SUIT EVERYBODY. "City of San Jose" 255 Santa Clara Street, SAN JOSE. Hardwar-^ HENI^Y B. ALVORD, 396 First Street, SAN JOSE. Just received a New Stock of PLOWS, CII.TIVATORS, HARROWS, ETC., ETC. Have as usual a full assortment of MECHANICS' T001.S, .\ND BUILDERS' HARDWARE, . ALSO ... IRON, STKEL, COAL, ETC ., ETC . Comfortable Combination Clothing. THIS STVLE OF INDERCLOTHING FOR Ladies has heen found by all who have used it, the most convenient and comfortable, as well as economical of any now in use. Models were exhibited and attracted mnch commenda- tion at the late Fair. Patterns can be had by applying at the San Jose agency, California A<;ricnlf nrist Office, (where 6ami>les can be seen.) fir by ad- dressing Box 68G San Francisco C. C. C. Company, This reform underclothing has been worn by the Editor's wife and children for the past two seasons, and is certainly superior in points oi comfort, healthfuluess, and economy of wear and material of any ever invented. It is the in- vention of a California lady who makes every pattern her-eU and writes full directions upon each. No family that onc*^* tries this style of clothing will ever go back to the others. DR. C. R. SPAW, Resident Dentist, Corner of First and Santa Clara streets. In McLaughlin & Ry- land's building, San Jose, Cal. A Day and Boarding School for Both Sezes. rpHE SECOND SESSION OF THE CIIRRENT ' School Year will commence January 3d, 187i>. In acknowledging the kindness of the patronw j of this School, the Proprietors desire to asKui-e them that witli the increased patronage will be added intreased facilities for imparting instruc- tion. They intend that the School shall offer the very bc.-^t oi)portunitie8 for acquiring thor- ough education, both theoretical aud practical. Tlie cours4^ of Ktudy in the Academic grade is I extcnsiTO and thorough. Tlie liusiness CoIIckp has no vactions. Students from a distance will find pleasant rotuiis and board at reasonable prices at the boarding-houRO. The Faculty accept to its fullest extent the ' growing demand of the Industrial clasjws for recognition in tlie public educational system hiiiling it as the harbingerof a higher and better civilization. ISAAC KINXEV, Siipei-intciidi-iit of ili«* ln>>tifiif*' JAME.S VINSOMIAI^KK. Princliml of the BiiHiiiess CoUejfe. : 1776~~~CE1VTENNIA1 1876 ; P R O C 1-V^I A T I O ^T. Chicago & Northwestern Railway. Is the pujiular route overland to the Eat.t. Passengers for Chicago, Niagara Falls, Pitts- burg, Philadelphia, Montn-al. Quebec, New York Bnston. or any point East, should buy their trans-contitiental tickets via th-- lanneer route, THE CHICAGO &NORTHWESTEEN R.R. This is the Best rout*; East. Its Track is of Steel Rails, and on it has been made the Fastest time that has ever been made in this country. By this route passengers for p«»ints east of Chicago havechoiceof the following lines from Chicago: Pittsbiirjr, Fort«ayiie nnci Chica^co and Pennsylvaiiiii Ruilivays. 3 Through trains daily, with Pulnian Palace Cars through U* Philadelphia and New York on each train. 1 THROrCrH TRAIN. WITH PCLLMAN PAL- 1 ace Cars to Baltimore and Washington. BytheLiie Shcre aaa il chigos Scr.hcra EiUway and Conaecrons i^exTsTi Zestra'aci Zrlc Siiixays): O THROUGH TRAINS DAILY, WITH PALACE D Drawing Room aud Silver Palace Sleeping Cars through to New York. By tne Michigan Central, Grani Tmn^, Great Western and Erie and ITct Tori Central Eailwavs: O Through trains, with Pullman Palace Draw- • J ing Room and Sleeping Cars through to New York to Niagara Falls, Buffalo. Rochester, or New York city. By the Bnltimore and Ohio RaSlroad; O Through trains daily, with Pullman Palace .^ Cars for Ni-wark, "ZanesviUe. WTieeling. Washington and Baltimore without change. This is the Shortest, Best, and only line run- ning Pullman celebrated Palace sleeping cars and coftches. connecting with Tnion Pacific Railroad at Omaha and from the West, via Grand Junc- tion, Marshall. Cedar Rapids, Clinton, Sterling and Dixon, for Chicago and the East. This popular route is xmsurpassed for Speed, Comfort and Safety. Thesmooth. well-ballasted and perfect track of steel rails, the celebrated Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, the perfect Tele- graph System of moving trains, the regularity with which they run. the admirable arrangement for running through care to Chicago from all points West, secure to passengers all the comforts in modem Railway Traveling. No changes of Cars and no tedious delays at Ferries. Passengers will find Tickets via this Favorite Route at the General Ticket Office of the Central Pacific Rrailroad, Sacramento, and in all the Ticket Offices of the Central PacitTc Railroad. Marvin Htjuhitt. W. H. Stennett, Gen. Supt.. Chicago. Gen. Pass. Agent. H. P. STANWOOD, General Agency. 121 Mont- gomery street. San Francisco. A. O. HOOKEB. Late Gunckel \- H L. F IMG AN, (late of Marysville.) San Jose Gtove:, Rmges, Pumps. Hydraulic Earns, Lead and IroB Pipe, Brass Goods, Hoso Wiro, Farmers' Boilers, House Fumishmg Wares. Blacksmith. Patent Tire-Setter. H. PIESSNECKEE, Proprietor, No. 320 Santa Clara St. C. E. CAMPBELL, MaDxifactiinr of AVell Pipe mid Galvjn»iz«*0 cents reck- oned in his favor iipon an order for books to the amount of S2. In other v ords, after paying for 1876, upon receiving an order for any book or books at any time worth $2, only $1.50 in coin need be sent. This, added to the 50 cents to his credit, will pay for the books. Persons who, at the time of paying their sub- scriptions do not order books, or who order but a part of what they want at once, will be entitled to the benefits of our premiums and reductions whenever they choose to take advantage of it, at any time during the continuance of thtir Subscriptions. TO SOLICITORS. The agent sending us four subscriptions with $6 (the bare subscription price), will be entitled to $2 worth of books, his own choice, without further .emittance. This gives every young man or woman a chance to get all the reading they want without COST, and to the subscriber a chance to get books BELOW COST. We are sure that no better opportunity was ever offered to the public on this coast to obtain gciod reading. The Agriculturist, greatly improved for 1876, will be worth more than the subscription price, which is within the reach of every one's means, and our arrangements of giving premiimis is such as to be sure to please and satisfy everybody, whether young or old, rich or poor. We are determined that the Agriculturist shall reach every home on the Pacific Slope, and while we propose to be liberal to- wards all of our subscribers, we hope to be favored by the eft'orts and good will of each and every reader of good books, and of the California Agriculturist. Mer\efee & Gastor\ DEIVTISTS, S. W. Cor. Santa I'tara ami First St,s Over Farmers' National Gold Bank, SAN JOSE. Speeial attention t^veu to Fine Gold Fillings. wiNDiwrnR. If you ever intend buying a WIND MILL, examine the record of the solid- wheel ECLIPSE, tested 8 years ; 3500 in operation— IMPROVED Hand or Wind- mill Force Pumps ; Second-hand STEAM Machinery ; CHEAP. Write me for cir- culars, or call. CHAS. P. HOAG, 118 Beale St., San Francisco. SUFERIOR FARM tlTAGOIVS M'-. Joliu Balbach lias just receiveil from the miiuufactory a whole carload of the well- known and favorite Fish Bros. Wagons. Every wagon is warranted to be made through- out of the very best select seasoned lumber. The wheels are re-seasoned in boiling oil, and the whole w.agon is constructed in a thorough, workman-like manner. Tlie Carriage JIauufactory connected with Mr. Balback's shop, under the supervision of Mr. Crydenwise, is also turning out very su- perior IJuggies and Express AVagous, mostly built to lu'der. Don't fail to see what they can do if you want aiivthing in their line. BOOTS AND SHOES. X Large and Superior Assortment. ZTo. 394 First Street, Wiliox Bloik, San .Tnse. ALL KINDS OF ^ LUMBER, " Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc Constantly on hand. All Orders Promptly Filled. P. O. Box 509. These Valves are the sim- plest and most perfect in construc- tion of any Valve ever invented. For cheapness, durability and capacity of discharging water, they are not equaled by any other Valve. We mannfacture sizes from 3 to 7 inches diameter, and for Hand, Windmill and Horse-power or Steam Pumps. We also keep on hand and manufac- ture the best and cheapest Well Pipes. FRED. KLEIN, Dealer in Stoves, etc., No. 227 Santa Clara street, a few doors west of the Postoflice, San Jose, Patent Pump Valve. J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 337 First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOB Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. SAN JOSE. DRUG STORE In McLaughlin &Ryland's Bank Iluildiiig. 309 FIRST STREET, SAN .JOSE, CAL. J. A. Chittenden. FRED. KLEIN, STOVES SHEET-IRON, Copper, Tinware, Iron Pumps, Kitchen Utensils, Celehrated Peerless Stoves. ■i:i7 Santa. <'lara .St , Near Postoffice. San Jose. Grain Dealer. RHODES &. LEWIS APOTHECARIES, No. 355 First Street, S.A.N JOSE i TREES and PLANTS Caretully sch-. ),(1 byllio filitor, who has lifcii it iiur- seymnu, and forwjuih.'d to order. No commission asked. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. F. W. WOLIiF, The only agent in San Jose for the LIGHT RUNNINCt |1)|().m|e|s|t|i|c| mF,COIiFOmBLE,SEIlVICEASLE NKW ^VII.SON, REMINGTON, AXI) VICTOIi _;^_^/;Wca?«ssf^ R. S. THOMPSON, |j XAPA. ICAL,., at I Importer and Breeder of ^ THOROUGHBRED ^' ' BEUSHIHE SWINE. THE ANGORA Ik d Slove k, OF SAN JOSE, CAL., Are making a Specialty of Mamifactur- ing all styles of Gloves from the Angora Goat Skin, and claim for them: iBt.— They are cheape , Ijiickskin t^loves. '2d. — The Kkins are tauntd with the grain on, and are very nearly water- proof, and when, by long exposure, they are wet, they dry out per- fectly soft— as good as new. 3d. --They will out-wear the bt'St bmkskin gloves. 4th.— For a HARVEST (iLOVE, they have no equal. These articles are manufactured in all styles, from the cheapest Laboring Glove to the Finest Furdauntlet. Also, all desi-riptionK of FUES, EOBES, MATS, EUGS.Etc Which, for Beauty, Durability, and Cheapuess. are iiit'erinr to none. Buckskin Gloves, Mittens, Etc., In all verietieB, and as good as the best. Fine Foultrj. Black-Breasted Red Games, from iiii|M)rtHil st'iik, warrantril ti> t-t:iiit t-teel, abso- lutr purity nf htrain ^uantntetl. Eggs ?G per do/.eii. 'I'l-iof;. Jitter Angtst 1st, ^20. Dark BrahmaS, from imported stock, Eggs :?:> per doz. Trioe;. after Aiigust let, $20. Brown Leghorns, Superior variety. Eggs 54 perdoz. Trios, after August let, $15. My Games are from stock imported by me from the; most celebrated breedere in the United States and England. T'nder no cirrumstances will an inferior bird be sold. Purchasers can rely in all cases upon receiving the best. Orders received will be filled in rotation. Refer to the Editor of this paper. PRED. E. COLL.INS, P. O. Box 171, San Jose. my A full assortment of SILK. THKKAD. OIL, ATTACHMENTS, the Best Nr.dles for all Sew- ing Machines i-onstautly on hand. 319 Second Street, Opp. Fountain street, Sau Joee. my :HOii5E.Foms! miimm Ho ! For the Coming Harvest ! ! AVhere to get the 15EST MOWERS & EEAPERS Is now the important (luestion. salebytheshehiff. rpUERE will 1«. h..l(l lij the Slifritt'. on SATURDAY, MAY 13th, 1875, (If not previously disposed of privately) at the SASr JOSE FOUNDRV, FIVE or PELTOX'S Crk l.ndr.l Six-Fol(3-G-eared Horse-Powers, Suitabk- fi.r Threshing, etc. Call and see one in operation in the Foimdry Yard, or send for circulars if you want further particulars. The Superiority of these Powers is too well known to lall for comment. MOWER ATTACHMEITT. This is an attaihment which enables the far- mer, in all kinds of mowing, to cut his grass without any aid whatever Viehind the mower. A sweeping, curved arm guides the grass or grain in front of the cutter-bar in such a manner that when mowed the swath has the appearance of being cut with a grain cradle, the heads all lying away from the standing grass or grain about V2 inches in the clear. To facilitate the operation, an ingenious attachment is made fast to the end of the cutter-bar, in place of the shoe usually need with mowers. In lodged grass or grain, and when the wind blows contrary to the lay of the swath, theee Attachments work like a charm, having the cut swath lying just as desired. The Attachment can be fitted to any mower. Mr. DuBois has now made arrangements to fill all orders. The cost of the Attachment will range from $ia to $15— the price varying with the expense of fitting to diflerent mowers. ORIN Dubois. San Jose. Or call at the shop of Scott & Watkius, ou the Alameda, San Jose. The Editor of this pajier has witnessed the ac- tion of this Attachment in the field, and can cheertully endorse the above statement as being subhlaiittjilly correct. It ie certainly a valuable I aid in all kinds of difticult mowing. my miFOHNIA CILOVS SAN JOSK FACTCHy WILCOX & WILLIAMS, Maniifartureis and Dealers in GLOVES AND GAUNTLETS Of all Descrijitione. HARVEST CLOVES, IIKAVY Hi;CK (il^OVKS I'nr 'I'ojiUisti-rs and Farinors, IIKAVY AM) I,IGHT GAVNTliBTS l''or l.uilicH and (lentlcnitn. IIKAVY AND LIGHT RtrC'KiSKINS For (Icjitlomon. and FIIVK KIDS l''or EadioH, nn^. The very best inaterinls art' UH<-d in our Factory, and skilk-d workinanKliiiiiB yiiarautccd. STORK AND FACTORY: Santa Clara Rtrcct, opp. AvizcrniB Hourc. [my J . M. MOOREHEAD Is now receiving the finest and most ele- gant line of MILLINEEY, FANCY GOODS, LADIES' FURNISHING GOODS Ever offered in this City- All of Our Own Direct Importations, At 270 SANTA CXARA STRKKT, Opposite the AuzeraiH House San Jose. Ladies' Hats and Itoniu ts BLEECHED, PRESSED, and DONE OVER In all till' New Sliapi-8. STAMPING DONE TO ORDER In the Best Manner. Examine those introduced by the FARMERS' UNION. THE L.\TEST IMI'liOVEIl Two-Wheeled McCormick AHEAD OF ANYTHING. The cutter-bar of the Mower has the action of the Champinn and the Buckeye, with Elasticity, Strength and Easy Control superior to all others. It is Powerful, Durable, Reliable; costs LESS than other first-class machines, lasts longer, and needs no repairing for years. IHE IMPROVED ADVANC COMBINED Self-Eaking Reaper and Mower Has SEPAE.\TE B.\I!S for reaping and mowing — a truly Combined maebine. THE FAIMIERS' VNIOIT Has the agency iw these machines in Santa Clara, San Benito, Santa Cruz, and Monterey Counties. Depots of Sale will be established in the towns of Gilroy, Hollister, Salinas, Watson- villc, and Santa Cruz. Farmers will find it economy to see and examine these naachines be- fore buying others. NEW YORK REAPERS AND MOWERS Fiili SALE liV THE FARMERS' UNION, SAN JOSE, PRICE, NINETY DOLLAKS. Closing Out Stock THE SUBSCRIBERS. INTENDING TO CLOSE up their business witli as little delay as pos- sible, now ofter their sloek of Jackson Wagons ! As a WHOLE, or at RETAIL, on the most favor- able terms and at very low prices. X D. ARTHUR ib SON, mh Cor. California and Davis st., S.F. PRINTINI}. Bills oi I'nre, hivil;i(i«'ns. Posters. Dodgers, Handbills, lioolts, Catalogues, Circu- lars. Programmes, Uect'ipts. Labels, Blanks, Billheads. Statements, Cards, Tugs, etc., together with every description of Job Printing executed promptly and in a workmanlike man- ner by COTTLE k WHIGH l\ No. ai4 Miu-ket st, over Bland & Regnart'e auction stoi-o, San Jose. C. S. Crydenwise, i-^ARHIAGK MAKKR. PIONKKR VV Carriage Shop. 314 SMVND STREET, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alley, San .Jose. Aicent for FInU Uro. ^s Wii(i:oiin. FOE THE HARVEST OF 1876. At Cost of Importation. BEEEY & PLACE, San Francisco, Agents fur J. I. CASE, ARE PREPARED FOR THE COMING HAR- vest with the largest stock of Improved Ma- chines and Implements, ever offered to the farm- ers of California. These machines are all new, mostly built this season, and now just being r-- ceived from the factory. The list embraces such machines as, ^«TXA MOWKRS. Price SlOO. Extras for which we guarantee t'> keep always on hand. Weight. 650 lbs.; cute 4 feet 4 inches. Has Double Speed to knife, and is the best machine ever sold in California. ^ETNA AND KIRBY REAPERS, At from $150 to $200. We have a large stock on hand, and are determined to eellthem, regard- less of cost. Put en t TREADWELL'S Single- HEADERS, gear Made by J. I. Case & Co. The best ever sold in California. Ask any man who has tried one, "What he thinks of it." HOADLEY ENGINES. The new style Hoadley Straw Burner is the finest threshing engine in the world. Prici , $1700. The standard 15-horse power Hoadley, $1650: I'J-horse power.$1450; 9-horse power,$l*2iMi All with heavy running gear, and all imi^rove- ments. THE END-SHAKE THRESHER. These Threshers are the finest in the world. Send for REDUCED PRICES. THE WHITEWATER WAGON, This is the STANDARD WAGON on the Pacific Coast. Send for reduced pl-ices. a^ We have a few Pacific Wagons on hand, which we ofter below cost. Send for prices. fS^Auy farmer buying S3i^ worth of machiues or implements of us, will he paid his fare to Sau Francisco and back, if not over '20u miles. He can thus come and see for himself without any expense. BERRY & PLACE, Old stand, ^Market, head of Front st. San Francisco. Menefee & Gastor\ DENTISTS, S.W. Cor. Simla liiira 1111(1 First Sts Over Farmers' National Gold Bank, SAN JOSE. Q£^ Special attention given to Fine Gold Filllnge. Laugbing Gas Adminis- tered. OIUcH— lOa and 404 Buttery Street, SAN FEANCJSCO. R. C KIRBY ^- CO., ^ TANNERS ! SANTA CRUZ OAK-TANNED SOLE LEATHER. WHOLliSALE 1)K.\LEUS. California Agriculturist Vol. 7— No. 5.} SAN JOSE, CAL., MAY, 1876. jSuBSCBiPTiON PniCE, $1.50 a Year. \ Single Copies, 15 OutB, ENRIGHT'S PATENT PORTABLE WOOD AND STRAW BUKNER. Mr. Euright, of San Jose, the inventor of the thresher engine of which we pre- sent an illustration on this page, has studied the wants of California farmers for many .years, and has now succeeded in producing an engine that at once com- mends itself for practical use. The arrangement for burning stra%v is far su- perior to that of other engines, prevent- ing any choking up of flues and at the same time, by admiting a larger supply of air, forming complete combustion. The economy of thus utilizing the straw that many farmers burn simply to get rid of it is apparent. For practical use, we believe this engine to be a worthy and successful invention. Following is a card from Mr. Enright in which he sets forth his claims: Fifteen years ago I constructed the first portable thresher engine on the Pacific coast, and its intro- duction in the harvest field was an important event in the history of grain raising in California. From that event up to this time, I have been constrautly experi- menting and improving on my original ideas of steam threshing in the open field, until I have now constructed an engine and boiler so near perfection that is is barely possible to be improved upon. Having for so many years made it n specialty to construct portable thresher engines, I can with con- fidence recommend my patent wood and straw burning engines manuiactured by me at the present time. They burn wood or straw without change, and coal bj changing two plates; they ha\i- also the advantageof compactness superior workmanship, great dur ability and economy in saving fuel, using but two tons of straw to equal one and a half cords of - wood, and saving 40 per cent, of _ fuel usually consumed by woodfgy-^ burners. ^^^^g. It is a well-known fact that __^^ straw has been successfully used as a fuel ts raise steam, in Europe, for many years, and it has been lately introduced on this coast, but with little success until I invented for that purpose my "patent ring grate and combustion chamber," which pre- vents any choking up of flues, and by which I am enabled to admit a larger supply of air, thereby forming complete combustion and doing away with all de- lays on the field. I built and sold thirteen of them last season, all of which gave entire satisfac- tion, which is proved by the many testi- monials received from those using them. I am now busy constructing twenty more for this season and intend to have them all ready for use this present har- , vest; I also intend to make it to the in- I terest of all farmers to purchase of me, ; who need a cheap and economical power for threshing. I come before you with this power, with full assurance of your jjatronage, having considered your needs in this very essential invention. I have had an ofJ'er from parties in San Fran- cisco and Sacramento to have my engine built in the East on royalty, which otter I declined, although it may have been to my advantage to do so; I preferred to be sustained by the people of California in home manufacture, and I come before you with an engine that is guaranteed to you in every respect, and which took the premium at the California State fair of 1S75, as the best straw burner. And I further state that I hold myself in readi- ness to reinforce any of my customers; all that is necessary for them to do, is to send me a telegram and I will be at their service. Thankful for past patronage, and by strict attention to business, I hope in the future to merit your ai^probatiou and FINANCIAL FOUNDATION. The anniial interest on the foreign in- debtedness of France is said to.be more than the entire product of all the gold mines of the world! Then how con- temptible does the idea seem that gold is the true basis of all values. There is no- thing of much value produced without human industry. And inasmuch as in- dustry supplies about all the wealth of the world, wliy nut bane values upon indus- Iry ? There can be no gauge more accu- rate, or nearer In accordance with relia- alile, simple, and natural principles. Industry must bo the support of a per- fect financial system, and such a system must be predicated upon industrial val- ues. Therefore, industry should estab- lish the relative values of denominational ciirrency, and the demands of industry and trade should control its volume. "^HSi ,^-iv^-^^^fr- ^.i'^"' -->— n E.NEIGHT'S rA.TE>;T WOOD AND STRAW BURNING ENGINE. continued patronage. Ftirther information can be had con- cerning these engines by addressing Mr Joseph Enright, San Jose, Santa Clara county, California. The Virginia Chroincle says: Virginia City has given birth to a genuine sensa- tion— a mule colt. It has been thought that the limits of cross-breeding had been reached with the mule jaroduction, and only two instances have been record- ed of the further reproduction of the mule genus. Virginia now furnishes a third. The colt resembles a mule in every respect, but is much smaller and more delicate. It is the property of J. S. Hardwick, who has been ottered $300 for it by J. Douglas, which he refused. Money or currency should be the servant, not the master of man. It is not at all necessary that monej' should contain in- trinsic value in itself. Its only use is to represent values and be exchangable for value. If projierly grounded in and and upon the actual productive industry and substantial honor of a people or na- tion issuing the same, it may be unex- ceptionally exchangable for any and all valuable commodities without discount. Interests may be brought so low as to unburden our people from that source of taxation. The Government may regu- late interest rates by loaning, instead of hirinq money. An industrial people never can, and never should be satisfied with a vacilating money, whether paper, silver or gold. Something rehable, cheap and abundant is demanded by the people. And the people are ready to pli-dge their property and their lives to substantiate a currency that shall serve them with the least expense and most utility. BENTLEYS FURNACE AND DRYER. Last month we briefly mentioned Dr. Bentley's furnace and fruit-dryer. Wo expected to have a cut to illustrate a de- scription, but it is not ready. The fur- nace is simply a plain, barrel-shaped tire box surrounding a smaller barrel which is supplied with air by tubes connecting with the air out-side of the furnace, and with a discharge upon the top for its es- cape. Another cylinder surrounds the whole to take up all the heat radiateil outward, and together with the hot air from the interior barrel conduct it by a tube, or directly, into the dryer. The smoke from the fuel, after being deprived of its occompanying heat, is carried ott' through a separate pipe. The construe • tiou of the furnace is such as to most economically utilize the heat of the fuel, as there is a very large radiating surface to absorb it before the smoke can escape. Tile dryer is shaped like a long box, and is placed horizontally upon legs al^out three feet from the ground. In- side are several sets of rollers above each other, at each end, with endless bands, running lengthwise, upon which screens with the prepared fruit for drying are placed. The fruit screens are put in at one end and taken out at the other, or at the same end, and a crank is used to run the screens in the direction desired. The heated air is to be applied at the top of the dryer, and is either forced or drawn downward, reversing the methods heretofore used by other dryers. In this arrangement, we think, Dr. Beiitley has struck upon the right principle. The heat can be entirely utilized in this way. After the hot air is used for drying, it can be further used for feeding the furnace fires, or may be conducted again into the he4ter, or be expelled, as susts the pur- poses of the person in charge. Altogether, for simplicity, economy, and philosophical principles of con- struction, this dryer strikes us as being nearer the thing than any ever gotten up, whether on a large or small scale. No engine or blower is necessary with this drj-er, as the air drawn into the heater will be expelled with sufficient force to operate as desired without other power. It is a perfect thing in itself, and within the reach of aU. Dr. Bentley will man- ufacture three sizes of these furnaces and dryers, and can make them of any capacity desired. The cheapest furnace (small size) is §50; dryer to go with it, capable of drjang ten to fifteen bushels of fruit per day easy, §25 more, making only S75 for a complete outfit for a small orchard. No large commissions are counted against the purchaser in these figures. Chip hats ought to suit blockheads California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. give ghch^oiinfi $1.50 Per Ar^qurri. I'UELI.-HEL> MONTHLY BY THi; CAL. AGRICULTUEIST PUB. CO. S. HARRIS HERKING, Editor. OFFICE:— Over tlio San .lose Savings Bank, Balb:it-li''!4 Itnilfliii*;, Santa C'lara Street, near First, San tTotse. SPECIAL TEEMS TO AGEUTS. RATES OF ADVERTISING: Per one Column $12 00 Per Mouth *' half Column GOO " *' fourth Column 3 00 " *' " ei-^hth Column a 00 " " " Bixteuuth Cuhimn 1 00 '* " B^ "We are determined to adhere to our resolu- tion to adnii* none but worthy business advertis- in^' in our eolumne, and to ki;ep ckar of patent medicine, liquor, and otber advertisements of doubtful influence. The large oircTilation, the desirable class of readers, and the neat and convenient form, rend- ers this Journal ^ choice medium fur reaching the attentiuu of the masses. Notice to Eastern Advertisers and Advertising Agencies. ifc^ Hereafter no proposition for advertising in this journal will be entertained without pay in advance. Our published rates are the stand- ard for all. EDITORIAL NOTES. An excellent variety of coutribu- tioiiK may be found in tliia month's issue. It takes all hands to .make a f^ood paper, and we never feel prouder than when we can send out a unmbe!- filled with good articles from the pens of our worthy correspondents. What eau be Joue with the mining debris that is now filling the beds of rivers and causinsj the water to submerge farms and ruin them with a deposit of mud, is a rjues- tion that the agricultural editor of the" Re- cord-Union" undertakes to solve. He would build dams in many places in the lower moun- tain ravines, and letlhe sediment make acres of level groun was dreaming a dream far more bitter than sweet. " I am fifty years old this October," he muttered, "and how do I stand? Well, I own a smart house and two hundred good acres of tol'rablo land. "There's many a man would be happy with half what I've got to my name, But I'm not; and L reckon most likely there's suthin' or other to blame. " There's a feelin' that sometiraeg comes on me, aud mos'ly at this time of year — When the birds fiy away, and the dimness gives noticu that winter is near. " There's a feelin' that sometimes comes on me and makes me half wish to be dead; And I don't know exaekly what brings to buzz like a bee in my head. "It may bo the changing o" the seasons, with death and decay all around; Or it may be a wish growin' stronger for suthin' that ain't to be found. *' There is hardly a day but the neighbors are tiilUing about my affairs; I don" thank them for mindin" my business; I'm sure I don't meddle with theirs. " But they talk, and they talk, and the drift^of it all about my dull life. It is dull, I know that very well; but I'm now past the time for a wife. " When a man touches fifty, like me, he had bet- ter be sayin' his prayers; Not fretting himself about women and runnin' his head into snares. "There was Absalom Brown, that went ofl' and got married at most tifty-five. If he hadn't done that. I don't doubt but the critter would still be alive. " But the woman he took just worried his wits out in less than a year; Though wheu he went off she was ready with many a crocodile tear. ' But all women are not o' that sort. There are plenty as good as can be; And it 1 had married at thirty it might have been better for me. 'There's the house, and a good one it is — net a beiter the country can show; But I never go iu without feeling a dullness, in- stead of a glow. „ A homo may seem ever so pleasant and ever so neat and hue, And still have no comfort within it; and that's what's the matter with mine. 'There is never a voice to give welcome, and never a glad smile to greet. And my heart never throbs to tho musical patter of innocent feet. 'What's tho use of a man always strivin'? He gains but a little at last: And it generally comes, if at all, when the time to enjoy it is past. 'Now, if I had married at thirty, as I had a no- tion to do. Who can tell but my heart would be lighter, the heme a mure pleasant one too ? ' But somehow I waited and waited; and now I am fifty years old; There is plenty of frost in my hair, and my blood has grown sluggish and cold. "I feel morn like restin' than workin',and every year that goes by Pears to toll mc I'd better bo careful, and leaves me a trifle less sjiry. "And suthin' comes on me in autumn— I don't know esai'kly what way — That makes me feel sad-like and solemn, and sets all my ideas astray, "It may be the change o' the seasons, with death and decay all around; Or it may be a wishin' and longin' for suthin' that ain't to be found. Like the merry men of old. Who tills the land with his own stout hand, Aud knows not tho lust of gold. No sailor ho on tho stormcy sea, No soldier, trumpet stirred; And he shuus the town and the haughty frown Of the courtiers' fawning herd. But he bids the vine with her tendrils twine. Around tho poi>lar tall; And he adds a graft, with a garduer's craft, To the tree that climbs his wall. Or a grazier keen, on the pastures green, He sees his oxen feed; Or he shears his flock, or ho brews a stock Of his rustic nectar mead. And when autumn at length, in his manly strength. Has raised his fruit-crowned head. And plucked the pear, with its flavor rare. And the grape with its clusters red, "With his knee on the sod he blesses God For his mercies and favors frie: And he lays him along, while he lists the song Of the thrush in tho old oak tree: While the waters glide with the rippling tide, And the zephers softly creep O'er the quivering leaves, mids the murmuring trees. And lull the senses to sleep. But when thunilerinf:; Jove from his stores above Sends wintry slnrm and rain. And r.ick and wood, and held and flood, Lay bound iu his icy chain, With many a hound, in the woods aroune Whene'er his faith is dim; For whoso caretb for the flowers, Will much more care for him. dewdrops bathe your feet — ] With star bright eye, with rose bright cheeks.yet &re ye not, you know, | So lovely as the girls we loved a long time ago. \ We linger i.n the lighted halls, for still we fondly prize The echoing laughter of young lips the sunshine of young eyes. Yet here we shake our wise old head and say with faltering tongue. Old friend, things were not so, when you and I were young. The dance may sweep its giddy round, the song its silvery flow. What are they to the dance and song we joined in long ago? Thus hioking from the hills of age along youth's distant glades. We mark the lingering, sunlight there, but will not see the shades. But oh! we miss the lightsome form, wo miss the flowing curls. We miss the bitoyant hearts wa own'd when we were boys aud girls; We linger fondly on thy joy, forgetful of thy woe, 01 happy agel 0! golden climel delnsiye long ago* SEASONABLE ADVICE. -yHOEVEIl expocts to be snccessful [7/ in cultivating tlowers and lawns, iu our dry climate, must make provision for plentifully irrigating lliem. Many persons in town liavtj hose that may be attached to the water pipes and irrigate evferything cither by showering or flowing over the roots. When so provided, a little care only is needed to keep everything in splendid condition. — Xeglect is fatal to tender plants, and unless plenty of water is given, any plant will soon show suf- fering by a wilted look and the lower leaves turn- ing yellow. With sutB- cieut water and soil and shelter from wiuds. plants will grow most luxuriantly and will reward the care given them in living beantj- and sweetness. Where water cannot be conducted npon plants or the surface soil cannot be wet withont great trouble, aud one wishes a few choice plants only, it is well to sink some tin or other vessel like a can, or flower pot with the bottom plugged, below the plant so as to hold water enongh to last the plant a day or two at a time. The vessel should be first filled with pebble stones, old bones, or lumps of charcoal, and set be set about four inches below the surface, with some coarse material like straw or sack- ing placed over it before tire soil is, to keep it from filling with fine soil. Then a hole should be left through which the water can be poured, covering it with a small stone or convenient thing. In this way plants can be kept growing with the least waste of water about the house in very dry and hot places. Still another way, and a very good one, too, is to dig trenches eight inches deep and a foot G8 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. wide all about wherever you want plants to Krow, auil either lay down trouf^hs or till with coarse fjravel. At one end of this winding set of trenches, which should be all connected and as nearly level on the bottom as possible, have an ujiright box made to pour or pumji water into, so that it may run all through the trenches. Plants set over or near these trenches will get watered from the saturation of the soil from underneath. This is cer- tainly a very nice and economical way to piopare for tie inigation of a garden on a small scale where a good showing of plants is wanted and not much water can be easily obtained. Heavy soil should always be well man- ured and covered a few inches deep with tine sand, or very sandy soil, to make it right for cultivating plants to advantage. This advice will apply whether one re- sides in the city or the country. When you once get a little place ready for a garden — and getting it tixed just right is frequently more than half the work — everything will then be reduced to a sys- tem, and you will feel encouraged to do your best, with the assurance that you will be rewarded with success. There is nothing in a yard that looks jirettier than a lawn. Even if the yard is small, a single patch of grass, with a plant or bunch of flowers growing in the center, will look lovely. But remember that without liberal watering a lawn, in this dry climate, cannot be a success. Some one makes the following practi- cal remarks: "Close feeding has the same efl'ect upon grass that close shear- ing has upon our hedges or ornamental trees. If let alone, they run up tall and the branches are open and straggling, but if they are kept closely sheared, the growth may be so close and tine that a bird can hardly find entrance. So grass, closely fed or sheared, grows thick and fine, and although, to the casual observ- er, it makes less show, yet it really pro- duces more nutriment to the acre than if left to run up to seed. The lawn mowers, which have come into such gen- eral use in villages within the past few years, have proved the advantage of close and frequent cutting for producing a fine thick turf." Of course, it will not pay to get a lawn mower to trim a very small lawn. It can be more economically done by hand. Last month, we gave directions for planting seeds in Vioxes, pots, etc. If you have not started your annuals now is the time to commence, and there is little time to be lost. You can start seeds where you want them to gi'ow, if you will observe tne following rules; Prepare the soil by spading lightly and raking as fine as possible. It is best if some fine, well-rotted manure is worked lightly in the soil. Now thoroughly sat- urate the soil with water from a sprinkler. After it is well settled, but while it is still wet, make an impression not over one-half of an inch deep where you wish to drop your seed; drop and cover with sand mixed with saw-dust or fine pulverized manure; sprinkle again, and cover with sacks or paper fastened down to keep the air from drying out the soil, or jianes of glass, or even a board can be laid over the seed beds. Every day remove the cover and sprinkle, until yo>i see the young plants, when you may remove the covering. To keep' insects from destroying the young plants, sift dry ashes or road dust over them after watering, but not while the young plants are still wet, wait till the moisture has evaporated from their tiny loaves. If you wish to transplant any of your plants— and you nniy if they come up too thick — follow this rule, which wo clip from the Gn-Diaidoim Tekfjmph: "There is no mode we have tried so effectual in transplanting tomato, cabbage, canta- loupe, or any other tender plants from the hot-bed or from one place to another as to prep.are a vessel filled with manure water and rich soil, about the consistency of thin mush, with which the roots of the plants should be well coated and set in a hole made with a sharp round piece of wood or dibble. After being firmly planted, moisten again with manure- water, We have never failed iu any transplanting when done in this way, and the trouble is very slight." In arranging flowers in beds, it is well to observe harmony of colore, .and attend to the following rules: "Avoid placing rose-colored next to scarlet, orange or violet. I)o not place orange next to yel- low, or blue next to violet. White re- lieves any color, but do not place it next to yellow. Orange goes well with blue, yellow with violet. Kose-color and pur- ple alw,ays go well together." We have given little advice about what varieties of plants to cultivate. Each person has some favorites, and it is well to gratify one's own taste in such mat- ters. Certain plants are considered pre- ferable by very fashionable people, but if plants are suitably and neatly arranged to show to advantage, it matters little what they are. Tall plants should be put where they will not hide the smaller ones. Dianthus, Phlox Drummondi, Pansy, Verbena, Salpiglossis, Stocks, Balsams, Zinnias, etc. lied and shades of red — Phlox Drummodi, Zinnia, Portulaca, Catchfly, Aster, Cacaliacoccinea, Cocks- comb, Poppy, etc. White — Phlox Drummondi, Candytuft, sweet Alyssum, Dianthus, Stocks, Aster, Portulaca, etc. Blue — Ageratum Mexicanum and Tom Thumb, Lobelia, Aster, Larkspur, No- lana, Nemophila, Whitlavia, Lupines, etc. Yellow — Calliopsis, Eschscholtzia, Sanvitalia, Platystemon, Marigold, Zin- nia Haageana fl. pi., Portulaca, Erysim- um, etc. Mr. Koot, iu his Mannn], has this to say about flowers for the shade: "Many a little yard in town, deep in shade, could be made beautiful ; the shady jilat before many a sitting-room window colild be made fragrant and -blooming, were the planting only Judicious. The Morning Glory, hiding from sight all that we would screen, will every morning the summer through give an abundance of bloom iu more deeply, delicately, richly tinted colors that the painter's brush can paint. The Adonis, with its pretty, fiuely-cut foliage and blood-red flowers, flourishes in the deepest shade. To pro- duce the best effect, the plants should stand thickly in the row, five or six to the foot. Sown late in August, it lives through the winter with a protection of stalks and leaves. The Pansy is perfect- In Root's Garden Manual are some ex- cellent hints, a few of which we take ple.asure in copying: "For'a screen or background, the larger sorts of Lupines, Hollyhocks, Marygolds and Zinnias pro- duce an excellent effect. To lend a trop- ical appearance, the larger varieties of Kicinus,set only two feet apart, are valu- able. For a close, impenetrable screen or back ground, all the climbers are ser- viceable. The Cobea Scandens is one of the best, growing rapidly, and on rich soil running twenty feet and more, with aVuindance of large, bell-shaped flowers. Dolichos is especially valuable for a light soil, and beautiful with its purple flowers and seed-i5ods. Morning Glory .is es- pecially of service in the shade. The Wild Cucumber will grow most thriftily, and cover the objects most efl'ectively of any, and lift clear above its foliage a mass of yellowish white flowers, in hya- cinth-like trusses, and for this jjurpose is very popular wherever tried. Nastur- tium, grown with the latter, fills up the vacancies near the ground, and mingles its variously colored bloom prettily with the other, producing an excellent efl'ect." As to choosing colors for bedding plants, wc copy this from liriggs Bros.' Floral Work: "Sonic may desire to fill separate beds with flowers of a single color and of such kinds as will have a fine appearance and bloom the whole season. These may be selected from the ly at home in the shade, iu fact attains perfection only there; .and a bed of them beneath your window, bowing their faces iu the breeze, can be easily imagined to be waiting to gi'eet j'ou morn and even- ing. They are usually largest and most perfect in the cool of spring and autumn; but if given a sprinkling of diluted liquid manure occasionally, .and thorough wat- erings in dry times, they will continue of large size the summer through. Calli- opsis and Evening Primrose bloom the season through in the shade, quite as well as in the sun. Evening Primrose, Larksjiur, and Marvel of Peru, seem to attain their greatest perfection in partial shade. Mignonette seems just as fra- grant and quite at home in such situa- tions. Ipomopsis does well in shade or sun. Petunia, Myosotis, Lobelia, An- tirrhinum, Sweet Alyssum, Candytuft, and most of the climbers do well iu morl- erate shade where the sun occasionally peeps in. The strong-growing Zinnia does little in vigor or colors if in the shadow." There is much more that wo wanted to say this month, but arc pushed for room. One hint more, and wo close. Now is the seasim for picnics, and if you go into the wild woods, do not fail to gather up some of the jilants you may find growing there. Three years ago wc gathered in a deep glade, ujion rocks, a lot of moss and ferns. The moss was in beds with fern roots running thickly through it. It was little troul)U d to peel the moss, like a pelt from the rocks. (Jno piece was as large as a blanket and about two inches thick, full of fern roots. When home, we cut it in suitable pieces to line hanging baskets and two wire plant stands, then transplanted into the baskets and stands elegant flowering and leaf and trailing plants. With plentiful watering, the ferns came out thickly with feathery leaves, while the green, velvety moss was just splendid. Such handssme stands and baskets we never saw before, and they are still pretty, though getting a little brown with age, and need recon- structing. Since then, others have fol- lowed suit, and now in San Jose such fern-covered baskets are not rarely to be seen. gomc^tic* FAMILIAR TALKS— No. I O. BY SNIP. ^^(> F Flora will soak her table-cloths iu cold water before putting them into the wash-water, 1 think she will no trouble in getting tea, coflfee, or fruit stains out. If it is possible to bleach clothes, the soaking is not neces- sary. I have no grass plot that can be used for such a purjiose, but am so situ- ated that I can leave the clothes on the line all night if I wish, and have no fears of finding an empty close-line in the morning. I used a rojje for about three years, and then obtained a galvanized iron wire that I would not exchange for all the rope clothes-lines in the county. It remains out doors all the time; no trouble to put up and take down every week, and it does not break and let the clothes into the dirt; it does not rust, and it takes less time to \vipe it off than it would to put up a rope. I, for one, would like to have Mrs. L. W.'s recipe for washing calicoes and prevent their fading, and in return will tell her how we got Tid of lice on our goats. It was simply hy greasing them. I think any kind of fresh grease would do. A plentiful supply was put on the back which melted and run down. The ears, face and neck were rubbed well with grease and we had no more trouble. Pears, if thoroughly ripe, make excel- lent sweet pickles prepared in the man- ner that Mrs. L. W. makes currant and peach iMckles. If the pears are not en- tirely ripie, boil them in the syrup about half an hour, not hard, but gently, or they will break in pieces. AVill some one please tell me how to make cucumber pickles, and how old they should be when pickled? Here are two recipes 1 cut from an old paper, but they were new to me and may be to some of the readers of the Agricultukist: tomato soup. Boil one pint of canned tomatoes for twenty minutes in one pint of water: add half a teaspoonful of soda, and one pint of milk. Season with butter, salt and pepper and crackers as for oyster soup. POTATO PUFF. Two cups cold mashed potatoes: add two tablespoonfuls melted butter, beat- ing to a cream ; two well-beaten eggs and one cup cream or milk. Bake in a quick oven. BAKE-DAY CAKE RECIPE. After kneading your bread save dough enough to fill three tea cups; add one and a half cups of sugar, one cup butter, ^1 two well-beaten eggs, and one cup of seedless raisins; work all thoroughly to- gether with the hands; let it stand in a warm place half an hour; make into one large loaf. Jlr.s. L. W. I'^^- .^^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Mm- 1 Six Months Among the Bees in California. 5S@ THE "BLUE side" OF THE QUESTION. ^VqlOU have had in your journal from jjj time to time, during the past yeiir, ■Xill many rose-colored reports from this yS country, which are inclined to mis- Sc? lead your army of readers at the East, who have felt an interest in this land of honey. A few items of other facts may also be of interest to your readers, from one who has had pretty good facil- ities for "learning the ropes," though I do not profess "to know it all," yet. The tirst thing an apiiu'ist does after his arrival here, is usually to hunt up a "ranch," or location, on which to estab- lish his apiary. This is usually located on government laud, after many weeks search, and may then turn out not to be a good one. The main point is to get within the granite or bee range— a strip of mountainous country 8 or lU miles wide, extending from Lower California up into Lo3 Angeles county, over lUO miles long. To select a location here intelligently, one needs to be somewhat of a botanist, or at least to know by sight all the diti'er- eut kinds of honey-plants, their order of blooming, and the relative quantities of each required. Of course one cannot find everything just as ho would order it; but take as near a perfect jiasture as he can find. In the early days of bee-keeping as a business in San Diego county, the ranches were established on the Sweet- water, a "C;Jiforuia stream," whichruns out east from just south of the town of San Diego, among the mountains. It is only within the past two years, or since the great excitement began, that other localities were sought for further north. At this writing nearly every location, good, bad or indifferent, has been settled on as far as Temecula, 75 miles north of San Diego, to which point all the pro- ducts of the apiary have to be carried in ■wagons, and all supplies brought out, making it very expensive to carry on the business. The roads generally are good, but as all the mountain ranges tend from the seashore toward the southeast, it is easily seen that there are some heavy grades. All or nearly all the teams we meet in traveling (.re four or six horse — two to draw the wagon, and the balance the load. There are few "old settlers" except "greasers," or Indians and Mexicans. The former are half-civilized, dress like whites, live in adobe huts, and either herd their own flocks of cattle, sheep or horses, or else are herders for the Mexi- can stock men. Since the great rush and settlement in Los Angeles count}', which lies next north of this, the larger portion of the sheep men have had to search other and less populated sections for their flocks. Many thousands of sheep were driven into this county, where they are now overstocked, many herds decreasing in numbers from insufficient food or water. The price, too, this fall for the wool — 9 cents or 10 cents — has disgusted many with the business. Cattle and horses will not feed after sheep. The stock men dislike to see new set- tlers come in, as the laws here require herding of stock or suits for damages. The "bee men", too, dislike to see stock around them, particularly sheep; for al- though they eat but sparingly of the white sage and other honey-producing plants, they break down the brittle stems, and soon wear out a fine field. California is famed for its freedom from insect pests injurious to fruit. While that may be true, it nevertheless is quite true that a worm was found in nearly every white sage flower last spring.which will account for the rarity of pure white sage honey in market this year. This worm, with the April frost and extreme dryness of the season, cut off the crop of honey to an average of not over 25 lbs. pa.- hive, and an increase of not over 25 per cent. Indeed, I know of one apiary of 250 stocks which gave but two swarms this whole year, and when I was there last — at the end of the busy season — the owners had taken but 09 cases of honey. One other apiary of 150 stands came out equally bad, and both did remarkably well last year. One apiary of 500 hives did not give a single pound of surplus. I have heard of but half a dozen or less in this whole county who have made enough to pay expenses, counting the time and attention required as anything. One gentleman had 150 stands, hired an experienced apiarist at $15 per month and board, In return he got seven cases, or 400 lbs. of box-honey, and an increase by dividing of some ten or twelve stands. There are many long faces among the bee men, and many a poor fellow would like to sell out and quit. I sincerely believe that for a man who understands the bus- iness, and whose heart is in the work, bee-keeping here will pay in the long run ; still, I think some changes in the pre- vailing methods of gathering and market- ing the products are necessary. It seems that there has never been any effort made to save the large surplus of honey from the manzinita and blue sage, which bloom in January and Ajjril, be- cause they do not produce quite so white a honey as the white sage, and yet many a hive at these times becomes too full of stores for the good of the colony. At the time (May 20th to July 20th) when the white sage is in bloom, the su- mac and grease-wood also yield fully as well. The color of the sumac honey is several shades darker than either 9f the others, so that it is rare to find se'ions filled exclusively of either sort. Possibly the extractor will be reverted to, at least to give it a fair trial to know whether or not it will pay. Those who are engaged in bee-keeping rarely do anything else, consequently each one has to watch carefully for the best reward for his labor. There are few cultivated farms in the country, which are as large as a good sized state — the habitable portion being about 60 miles east and west, and 100 miles north and south. Take either of the two roads leailing up north from San Diego, you may travel twenty miles and not see a cultivated field. It is a con- stant warfare to get and keep things grow- ing. The gophers, ground squrrels (grey and but little smaller than the grey squir- rel at the East) and kangaroo rats are omnipresent, eating the seeds or young plants as they appear. Dozens give up in despair of raising even their own vege- tables on this account. Some of the land is tnoist, on which, if properly guarded, nearly everj-thing will grow, and with marvelous rapidity. But such land is the exception, and wherever found in any considerable quantity, it is pretty sure to be covered by a grant, and consequently not to be settled on. Very little rain falls from April to Nov- ember— in fact but one shower has fallen since May 1st, and that wet the parched soil but from two to four inches, and was speedily dissipated under the suc- ceeding days of sunshine. I have not seen any estimate of the relative proportions of cultivable lands too worthless, but my judgement is that not one aero in fifty is good for any pur- pose of cultivation. The mountains and in fact almost the entire country is bare of trees. The extreme dryness of the climate producing only bushes of a stunted growth averaging five feet high, over tens of thousands of acres in one body. The principal bu.sh and at the same time, the most worthless for bees, is the chemise or chemisel — a harsh, rough bush from 4. to (1 feet high, through which it is impossible to go either on foot or horseback. The little forays occasion- ally made upon it only result in torn clothes, bleediug hands and l>ad tempers. Of course in such a country, from the great scarcity of timber, wood is high and not of good quality. Such as is taken to market being either small limbs of an inch in diameter, or short, crooked, intractable sticks, which successfully resist the ax, but bring a good price in money. Of churches, there are several in San Diego — not one, to my knowledge, in the country outside the city, except Catholic, and the service in these is usually carried on in Spanish. There are a few school-houses, but the people live so far apart that the children cannot attend. It is twelve miles from where I am located to the nearest school- house or any other public building. As a consequence, the children must be taught by their parents, or allowed to grow up in ignorance. The idea seems to prevail that all are here temporarily — that as soonasenough is made to live on elsewhere to pick up and leave. Fhyscians are rare outside the town of San Diego — and when called upon to go out 20 to 50 miles to attend a case, their charges are simply extortionate. I recall one case of a chai'ge of §1,000 for going 50 miles. It is all very well for people at the East to keep bees, where they are surrounded by the comforts and amenities of life — they oiujid to have some drawbacks, for on coming here, one abjures comfort, so- ciety— everything. To place a man alone on a bee-ranch for a year, he is a tit subject for a lunatic asylum — the solitude is terrible. The oppressive silence of these canyons and mountains with no trees through which the light winds can sigh;Mhe nearly en- tire absence of birds of song to gladden the heart; the distance to neighbors, all contribute towards the feelings one might have iu solitary confinement. Coming to California, you give up for- ever all your old associations and enter a new world. The trees, the flowers, the birds, the climate, the soil, the sky — -all differ from what one has been accustomed to from childhood. It is true they call many trees, bushes and birds here by the same names they do at the East, but you fail to recognize them, and soon come to the wise conclu- sion to accept everything as strange. While the farmer has so many difficul- ties in the way of getting crops to grow, all is not plain sailing for the apiarist. The moth miller has twelve months in a year here to work. Skunks and ants abound. A skunk will get up in front of a hive and tap on the front of it until enough bees come out and get entangled in his hair for a meal, when he will roU over and over until the poor bees are crushed or stunned, and then he will eat them. Poison, or traps, have to be regularly in- serted to keep them from despoiling an apiary. Of ants there are many kinds : from the wee red one of one-sixteenth of an inch in length to those of au inch or more. On account of these legions of ants, they have to make stands for their hives to set on, and keep the legs greased with coal-oil or axle-grease, or any other nau- seous thing to repel them. Houses in- tended for honey have to be set on stilts, which are kept greased to keep out the pests. This is really the plague of the country; and any man who will invent au "Ant Destroyer." sure to kill or drive them away, can come and make a small fortune selling it. The water is generally good, though hard, and is usually found at less than 30 feet in depth. I do not know of any artesian well in the country, but would suppose they would be tried, to avoid the great loss of crojis during the long seasons of drouth. In the town of San Diego, the water is not good, but such as it is, is sold at the rate of three cents a bucketful. The Water Company is now trying to remedy this by pumping water from the bed of the river of the same name. Nearly all the water we get from wells is warmer than the outside air, when first drawn, so that you have to let it stand and cool. Ice is out of the question. A little is brought down from somewhere up toward the North Pole, and sold at 5 cents a pound. Those of us who keep horses, usually have to by hay for them or submit to their getting too poor to do any work during the long dry season. Hay in this country is not the hay of the Eastern States. It is wheat, barley or oat straw, cut while yet green. This is often hauled fifteen to thirty miles, as it is only at rare intervals that any is grown. The seasons here are two— the wet and the dry. The former extending from December to March, during which time rain usually falls in sutficient quantities to overflow the sand iu the beds of the streams, and exen create a torrent through which, over the treacherous quicksands of the streams it is dangerous to cross. Some of the streams are bridged, and few have steep banks where the roads cross them. At this season of the year, the real summer in California, the country gets green and is beautified with flowers. With the advent of March, the ground dries up, vegetation dies, and by the first of May the country looks parched and brown. From this time on to December, the same state exists, with nearly the same temperature. The climate, meantime, is superb. Nothing any of us have ever been ac- customed to will equal it. And this one thing, climnle, is the great charm of the country. I have not heard it thunder but once iu six months, and that was a weak roll. Neither have I felt any strong wind during the same time. The nights are invariably calm, or with the gentlest of low breezes wafting the delicionsly soft air across the sea. The early mornings are often foggy and nearly calm until nine or ten a. m., dur- during which time, if it chance to be clear, is the hottest part of the day. Then the sea breeze springs up, gently at first, increasing to a fair breeze by one or two p. m., and then dies down again, and thus will go the rounds — the same thing day after day, week after week, and month after month.— (?. F. Merriam, San Jjkgo, Val., in American Bee Jounxal. A if.is said to his gardener: "George, the time will come when a man \rill be able to carry the manure for an acre of land in one of his Waistcoat pockets." To which the gardener replied: "I be- lieve it, sir; but he will be able to carry all the crop in the other i^ocket." California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. PRACTICAL HEALTH TOPICS- NO. 3. BI "JEWELL." SLEEP. 1)0 all the mothers who read the Ag- RicnLTUEisT feel the deep import- ance of sleep for their infants and growing children? This is a ques- tion I have often thought of, and in watching my neighbors and friends, patients and strangers, when opportunity ofieres, I have about arrived at the con- clusion that few even think upon the subject, and a small proportion act upon their convictions. The consequence is, we see sickly, pale, delicate, stunted, nervous girls and boys about us, and frail, dyitig men and women. (I use strong language, because the case is a desperate on and requires prompt action on the part of parents and teachers.) We will not stop to question who is to blame. Everj'one who knows and feels the importance of raising strong, robust men and women to take our places in this world of action is to blame who quietly looks on, and sees civilization turn the night into day, and does noth- ing to warn the people of the danger sure to follow. I could begin bj' quoting the sayings of celebrated physicians and em- inent writers upon this subject — which, perhaps, no one would read or follow, simply because society govei'us our hab- its of life to such an extent that even those very doctors and writers seldom follow their own prescriptions, but make willing sacrifices of their lives waiting on others for the good of humaijity. Many of our amusements and enter- tainments are at night; our lectures, con- certs, social gatherings, church fairs, are nearly all held in the evening. Even revival meetings are carried on to the greatest extent at night, often lasting till after midnight, when the participants are in too excited a condition to calmly go to bed and sleep that quiet, refreshing sleep which alona enriches blood and brain. And yet this is a Christian land, and they claim to be working for the love of God and our good in these very re- vivals and protracted church meetings, while breaking a law of health. Are not our bodies the true temples of God? and does he not require that we keep them pure and holy, and uncoutaminated by the world? Let us not discard any ele- ment of common sense from our religion. I'erhaps we m.ay learn from the Adveut- ists and Mormons somewhat of good in this connection. For instance, Brigham Yonng has issued a decrea that all enter- tainments are to begin at two in the afternoon and not last after ten o'clock at night; while the Adventists insist on rules of health as truly as any other in their creed. I have seen mothers awaken their in- fants to show them to a friend, and others who thought it would make the children stupid to sleep so much; while it is a common practice to awaken the household at a cerlaiu lime in the morn- ing, so as to get the children to perform certain duties before school time. Now this is all wrong. Children need, and should hdve, from ten to sixteen hours, o>it of twenty-four, good, sound, ileep, quiet, sleep, with plenty of light, warm covering on, and plenty of fresh air, but no draughts. Eight o'clock Khould find every child under sixteen years old fast asleep, every night. This would give the piireuts one hour of quiet to read or chat before seeking their own rest. But how can this bo done when we have so many calls out of an evening? Indeed, if we want to enjoy any social life we must lay aside our principles of right and join in with the masses. Even the children have their evening parties and Christmas entertainments at night, and some are allowed to go with their parents to church socials and the like, while many parents are obliged to take their children with them or stay at home. The old saying, "one hour before mid- night is worth two after," is a true one; and regularity in sleep is very essential to children and grown folks, too. To the sick, sleep is their greatest restorer and best friend, as all know; without it, the physician's skill is useless, and all his knowledge powerless to make well. Looking vipon the American people as a "nation of invalids," as we are, the cry seems to come from our cradles and our tombs, "Give us more sleep!" THE DOCTOR SPEAKS. BY HELENA. Listen, girls, for it is not often that he gives advice unasked. He tells us, in the first place, to dress lossely so that we can expand our lungs to the utmost with each breath we draw. Also, that the clothing should hang from the shoul- ders, instead of resting upon the bips. Corsets, he says, are a species of straight jacket, only worn in these enlightened days by those who are slightly demented. A back bone is preferable to a front one any time to keep the person erect, and the corset board is no more needed for the one one sex than for the other. He tells us, girls, to avoid stimulating drinks of every kind, while we are yet young, so that as old age creeps on we may not find ourselves the victims of an uncontrollable appetite. Food alone nourishes the body, and by it every func- tion in the living organif m derives neces- sary support. Regular daily exercise in the open air is indispensable to good health. As our happiness and useful- ness depend upon the physical condition of our bodies, we need use every means in our power to become as healthy as possible. Then hear what he says about late hours; Sleep is the natural invigorator of the system. One-third of each twen- ty-four hours should be allowed for rest. Retire early, for one hour before mid- night is worth two after. Then rise with the sun, for the morning hours are the cream of the day. He has a word fcr the mothers, too, who teach their daughters a variety of indoor industries instead of encouraging them in open air tasks. Horticulture is one of the finest employments for women. Hire a cook, and set the girls to work in the garden. Plant vegeta- bles, weed the garden beds, breathe fresh air and sunshine, instead of paying a gardener, and you will surely save the doctor's bill, besides having the satisfac- tion of seeing a merry group of hungry ones asssemble around the table at meal time. Rightly clothed and properly fed, with daily exercise in the fresh air and sun- shine, serve to prepare the mind for ac- tivity to grasp whatever conies within reach. See to it, then, parents and guardians of the young, that the proper sort of reading matter is placed before them. Let their hours for study be dur- ing the sunny part of the day, and not prolonged beyond the strength, or until fatigue is felt. lie says that the thousand and one contrivances for killing time, so common among women of the present day, such as fine embroidery, fancy work, etc., are sapping the health of the nation. Who but the wives and mothers of coming ing generations should demand health as their inheritance? And thoughtful peo- ple every where would do well to listen and profit by what they hear when the doctor speaks. FRIENDLY letters-No 3. BY MES. M. E. T. MEDITATIONS. In bed, propped up with pillows, and in my arms six pounds of frail humanity, so frail that a breath might almost blow him away — thus I am resting and think- ing. Outside the sun is shining, the birds singing, and all nature seems re- joicing. I look at the dear baby-face and wonder if I shall keep it. I think of my own aching body, and the every- day sameness of life to which I am bound by a chain of circumstances, and I wish that I, too, like my invalid friend, could enjoy the fresh mountain air. Since my letter must necessarily be brief, permit me, in conclusion, a few re- marks to your correspondent "R. A. E., to whose "kind inquiry I would say. No; 0 no ! not satisfied after the manner of your supposition, for I think we agree with regard to the consequences of vio- lating nature's laws. Tliat is just where the trouble originates. The manner and customs of life of the majority of Ameri- can women are sufficient causes for all the ills that flesh is heir to. But these evils have come so gradually upon us, and in such a variety of ways, that m many cases we are powerless to help our- selves individually. Nothing short of an united eft'ort; and God speed the day when intelligent women shall, together, resolve to throw oli' the yoke of bondage that binds them now to such cruel bur- dens—the burdens of folly and fasion. Something Which Concerns Everybody. There lies a book before us written by Br. William Hargreaves, entitled "Our Wasted Resources." We wish that the politicians and political economists of this country could read this book, and ponder well its shocking revelations. They are revelations of criminal waste — the expenditure of almost incalculable resources for that which brings nothing, worse than nothing, in return. There are mxiltitudes of people who regard the temperance question as one of morals alone. The men who drink say simply, "We will drink what we please, and its nobody's business. You temperance men are pestilent fellows, meddlesome fellows, who obtrude your tuppeny stand- ard of morality upon us, and we do not want it, and will not accept it. Because you are virtuous, shall there he no more cakes and ale?" Very well, let us drop ii as a question of morality. You will surely look at it with us as a question of national economy and prosperity; else, you can hardly regard yourselves as patriots. We have a common interest in the national prosperity, and wo can dis- cuss amicably any subject on this com- mon ground. During the year 1H7(), in our own State of New York," there were expi'iuled by consumers for liquor more than one hundred and six millions of dollars, a sum which amounted to nearly two- thirds of all the wages paid to laborers in Agriculture and manufactures, and to ni'arly twice as much as the receipts of all th'o railroads in the State, the sum of the hitter being between sixty-eight and sixty nine millions. The money of our people goes across the bar all the time faster than it is crowded into the wick- ets of all the railroad stations in the State, and where does it go? What is the return for it? Diseased stomachs, aching heads, discouraged and slatterny homes, idleness, gout, crime, degrada- tion, death. These in various measures, are exactly what we get for it. We gain of that which is good, nothing— no up- lift in morality, no increase of industry, no accession to health, no growth of prosperity. Our State is full of tramps, and every one is a drunkard. There is a demoralization everywhere, in conse- quence of this wasteful stream of fiery fluid that constantly fiows down the open gullet of the State. But our State is not alone. The liquor bill of Pennsylvania, during 1870, was more than sixty-five millions of dollars, a sum equal to one-third of the entire Agricultural product of the State. Illi- nois paid more than forty-two millions, and Ohio more than fifty-eight millions. Massachusetts paid more than twent}-- five millions, a sum equal to five-sixths of her agricultural products, while the liquor bill in Maine was only about four millions and a quarter. Mr. Hargreaves takes the figures of Massachusetts and Maine to show how a prohibitoi-y law does, after all, reduce the drinking; but it is not our purpose to argue this. What we desire to show is, that with an annual expenditure of $600,000,000 for liquors in the United States— and all the figures w-e give are based upon official statistics— it is not to be wondered at that the times are hard and the people poor. Not only this vast sum is wasted; not only the rapital invested is diverted from good uses, and all the industry in- volved in production is taken from beneficent pursuits, but health, morality, respectability, industry, and life are de- stroyed. Sixty thousand Americans an- nually lie down in a drunkard's grave! It were better to bring into the field and shoot down sixty tnonsand of our young men every year than to have tnem go through all the processes of disease, deg- radation, crime and despair through which they inevitably pass. With $(ioO,OOO,O06 saved to the coun- try annually, how long would it take to m"ake these'United States not only rich, but able to meet, without disturbance and distress, the revulsions in business to which all nations are liable? Here is a question for the statesman and the poli- tician. Twenty-five years of absolute abstinence from the consumption of use- less, and worse than useless liquors, would save to the country fifteen billions of dollars, and make us the richest na- tion on the face of the globe. Not only this sum— beyond the imagination to comprehend— would be saved, but all the abominable consequences of misery, dis- ease, disgrace, crime and death, that would flow from the consumption of such an eiKU-mous amount of poisonous lluids would also be saved. And yet temperance men are looked upon as dis- turbers and fanatics! And are adjured uot to bring temperance into politics! And this great transcendent question of economy gets the go-by, while we hug our little issues for the sake of jiarty and of office! Do we not deserve adversity? —Dr. J. ti. Holland, in Scribner's Monihly. The diflereuce in the amount of labor performed by a well fed man or animal and an ill fed one is considerable. There is no real economy in placing the laborer upon a starvation diet. Abundant and good food give bodily strength and cmi- tentmeut uf mind which is an important item. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 71 The Highway Cow. The hue of bor UiOe was a dusky brown, Ht-r body was Ituu and her neck was slim, One boru turned up and the other down. Sho was keen of vision and long of limb, ■With a Roman nose and a short Btump tail. And ribs like the hoops uu a Uome-inade pail. Many a mark did her body bear; She had been a target for all things known, On many a scar the dusky hair Would grow no more where it once had thrown, Many a passionatu parting shot Had left upon her a lasting spot. Many aud many a well-aimed stone, Many a brickbat of goodly size, Aud many a cudgel, swiftly thrown. Had brought the tears to her bovine eyes; Or had bounded off from her bony bm-k, With a. noise like the sound of a rifle crack. Many a day had she passed in the pound, For hidping herself to her neighbors corn. Many a cowardly cur and hound Had been transfixed on her crumpled horn, Many a tea pot and old tiu pail Had the farm boys tied to her time- woru tail. Old Deacon Gray was a pious man. Though sometimes tempted to be profane, When many a weary mile he nm To drive her out of his growing grain. Sharp were the pranks that she used to play To get her 1111 and to get away. She knew when the deacon went to town: She wiwely watched him when he went, by; He never passed her without a frown. And an evil gleam m each angry eye: Ho would crack his whip in a surly way. And drive along in his "one-hoes shay," Then at his homestead she loved to call, Lifting nis bars with her crumpled horD. Nimbly scaling his garden wall; Helping herwelf to his standing corn, Kating his cabbages, one by one; Hurrying home when her work was done. Often the deacon homeward came, Humming a hymn from the house of prayer, His hopeful heart in a tianquil frame. His soul Hs calm as the evening air. His forehead smouth as a well-worn plow. To find in his garden that highway cow. His human passions were quick to rise, And striding forth with a savage cry, With fury blazing from both his eyes. As lightniugs flash in a summer sky. Redder and redder his face would grow, Aud after the creature he would go. Over the garden, round and round, Breaking bis pear and apple trees. Tramping his melons into the ground, . Overturning his hives of bees. Leaving him uugry and badly stung, Wishing the old cow's neck wys wrung. The mosses grew on the garden wall; The years went by with their work and play; The boys of the village grew strong and tall; And the gray-haired farmers passed away, One bv oue, as the red leaves fall: But the highway cow outlived them all. All earthly creatures must have their day. And some must have their months aud years; Some in dying will longdelay; There is a climax to all careers; And the highway cow at last was slain lu running a race with a railway train. All into pieces at once sho went, Just like the savings banks when they fall; Out of the world she was swiftly sent: Little was left but her old stnuip tail. The farmers' cornfields and gardens now Are haunted no more by the highway cow. — (Kiigeue J. Hays. PUERPERAL OR MILK FEVER. j-'lrVANY valuable cows are lost every T" "J! summer from the disease known 1 1; generally as the milk fever. The C^i~)\ name, "milk fever," probably Sju ,^ arises from the sudden dryinf; up of the milk. Cows are usually attacked with the puerperal fever the second day after calving; and at the time of having the third calf seem to be the most sus- ceptible. This is one of the many cases where prevention is better than cure, although cure is not alw^ays impossible. But a cow never seems to fully recover from S^r- Jeesey Milking Can. — This can is of tiu, globular, with a flat bottom and a rim around it. The upper part of the globe open, and has a flaring top, which is about eight inches in diameter at the edge. A handle, like a pitcher handle, is uiion one side, attached to this flaring top. When in use, a rather closely wo- ven linen napkin is tied over the lop, and under the handle, so that it will sag down into the can to a depth of three inches or so. In this sag (k the strainer a sea-shell is laid — one of the shells of a scallop being usually employed. The streams of milk strike into the shell, imd the foam soon rises and nearly fills the strainer; specks of falling dirt mostly rest upon the top of the foam. Those which are carried down wash over the edge of the shell and lie beneath it. There is no spattering, and the milk is obtained entirely free from hairsanddirt, while soluble dirt which sometimes falls in, comes as little as possible in .contact with the milk. — Jersey Vily Jininial. the effects of such sickness. In order to use means for its prevention, it is quite essential that the causes should be well understood, as also the nature of the disease. Cows low in flesh and not over-fed about the time, and just before calving, seldom or never are troubled with the disorder. It is the full, fleshy and well- fed cow that is in danger. The fever arises from congestion of the womb, which, instead of contracting after the birth of the calf, the blood-vessels become surcharged with blood from inflamma- tion, aud if not relieved mortification soon ensues. High feeding, upon such food as is constipating, is the cause. In other words, the system is filled with rich blood, and in this condition a fever is sm-e to result from inflammation. A low Jdiet, of a loosening nature, such as green grass and bran mashes, is the best a week or two before the cow calves. The bowels should not be allowed to be- come constip.ated. Many persons natu- rally think that, in order to make the cow give a good flow of milk, it is best to feed highly of rich food a while before she has her calf. And this high feeding is the very worst thing that can be done. A low diet of green grass or other phy- sicking feed, so as to keep the bowels free and the blood thin, is a sure pre- ventive. With thick, rich blood, and warm weather coming on, together with high feeding, the increased digestive jiowers of the cow at this period so over- sujjplies the system that a morbid action with non-contraction of the uterus is almost sure to follow with all the serious consequences. Should the cow be discovered to be sick a day or two aftisr calving; if she fails to notice her calf, is listless, does not rise, and staggers at the attempt; if the eyes are glassy and cannot wink, the head hot, and apparently in great pain — the case is one of milk fever. The treatment must be immediate, for the disease runs its course in a few hours. Physic with a pound of epsom salts and give enemas of soup suds to immediately relieve the bowels, as they are always constipated in such a fever, and unless they are freed the cow cannot recover. The brain is aft'ected with con- gestion, usually, in sympathy with other afleeted organs. Keep the head cool with water or ice; and with hot water, blankets and hot bricks keep the body about the hips warm, with an occasional dash of cold for reaction. Give cold water as often as she will drink, but do not give any kind of stimulants or food until after recovery is certain. Questions for Dairymen. — Every dairyman should have a list of questions posted in some suitable place on his premises where his family and those in his employ, as well as his visitors, will haxe an opportunity to read them fre- quently. We give some questions, but the list can be extended : Do your cows feed in swamps and on boggy lands? Have you good, sweet, running water convenient for stock, and is it abundant and permanent in hot weather? Have you shade trees in your pasture, or do you think that cows make better milk while lying down to rest in discom- fort in the hot, broiling sun? Do you use dogs and stones to hurry up the cows from pasture at milkingtime — thus over-heating their blood and bruising their udders? Do jou cleanse the udders of cows be- fore milking by washing their teats with their own milk, and practice fui-ther economy by allowing any droppings to go into the milk pail? Do you enjoin upon your milkers to wash their hands thoroughly before sit- ting down to milk, or do you think that cleanliness in this respect is not import- ant for milk that is to be treated for but- ter making? When a cow makes a mis-step while being milked, do you allow your milkers to kick her with heavy boots, or to pound her over the back and sides with n heavy stool, accompanied by sundry profame remarks addressed to the cow to teach her manners? Is the air about your "milk bam" or milk house reeking with foul emanations of the pig sty or manure heap, or other pestiferous odors? Good, fresh, clean water, and in abun- dance, is one of the most important re- quisites for milch cows, and it should be in convenient places where stock will not be required to travel long distances to slake their thirst. If springs and running streams cannot be had in pas- tures, a good weU, with wind-mill and pump, makes an efficient substitute, and the waste water maj-, if necessary, b conducted back into the well, so as to keep up a constant supply of good, fresh water. — Willard's Buikr Book. Aboct Milking. — Five percent., and perhaps ten, can be added to the amount of milk obtained from the cows of this country, if the following rules are inex- orably followed: 1 —Never hurry cows in driving to and from the pasture. 2 — Milk as nearly at equal intervals as possible. Half-past five in the morning and six at night are good hours. 3 — Be especially tender of the cow at milking time. •1 — When seated draw the milk as rap- idly as possible, being always certain to get it all. 5 — Never talk or think of anything besides what you are doing when milk- ing. 6 — Offer some caress, and always a soothing word when j'ou leave her. The better she loves you the more free and complete wiU be her abandon as you sit by her side. We append the not uncommon prac- tice: 1 — Let some boy turn the cows away, and get him who is fond of throwing stones and switching the hind ones every chance he gets. 2 — Milk early in the morning and late at night, dividing the day into two por- tions, one of fifteen hours and the other of nine. 3 — Whack the cow over the back with the stool, or speak sharply to her if she does not "so" or "hoist." 4 — Milk slowly and carelessly and stop at the first slackening of the fluid. 5 — Talk and laugh, and perhaps squirt milk at companion milkers, when seated at the cow. 0 — Keep the animal in a tremble all the time you are milking, and when done give her a vigorous kick. Beine that Will Preseeve Bctter a Year. — Among the many devices for keeping butter in a manner that will preserve the fresh, rosy flavor of new, with all its sweetness, is the following from the Duchess Farmer: To three gal- lons or brine strong enough to bear an egg, add a quarter of a pound of nice white sugar aud a lablespoonful of salt- petre. Boil the brine, and when cold, strain carefully. Make your butter into rolls, and wrap each separately in a clean, white muslin cloth, tying up with a string. Pack a large jar full, weight the butter down, and pour over the brine until all is submerged. This will keep really good butter perfectly sweet and fresh for a whole year. Be careful not to put upon ice, butter that you wish to keep far any length of time. In summer when the heat will not admit of butter being made into rolls, pack closely in small jars, aud, using the same brine, allow it to cover the butter to the depth of at least four inches. This excludes the air and answers very nearly as well as the first method suggested. Milking Stooij). — Let me tell how to make what I call a convenient stool. Take a piece of board about 8 inches wide and 2 feet long; nail short pieces across the ends to increase its strength and to bore holes through; put two lege 8 or 10 iuclits long in one end, and one a trifle shorter in the forward end. Place the stool where you intend to sit, the one-legged end where you usually set the pail. Place the pail on that end of the stool and sit on the other. If you do this you will have your pail out of the dirst and the cow cannot easily put her foot in it, as often happens when the pail is on the ground. Some cows are so low that you are obliged to set the pail on ths ground. In such case turn your stool around. — Fariiter's Vtiwjiilcr, in Westeiyi lUiral. [We have tried many ways of milking, and have found it most convenient tu have a small, three-legged stool, and then spread a common barley sack that is ripped open across the knees and hold the pail between the knees. The sack assists in holding the pail steady, and also prevents the milk spattering upon the clothes. ] Curing Rennet. — Take the stomach of the calf fresh from the butcher, clean and salt, and pack in an earthen jar with brine, A few weeks pre\ious to use they are taken out and drained of all brine, and dried. Take a forked limb of a bush and spread the rennet over it. It will be well to add a small lump of saltpetre to the brine in which the ren- net is placed. When it is wanted take several small pieces two inches square and steep in warm water, allowing them to soak over night. A pint of watel- is suflScient. This will give a solution suf- ficient to "kurd" 100 gallons of milk. Flavored spices may be added to the so- lution if desired. Swelled Bag. — When a cow's bag be- comes swelled, a simple and generally effectual remedy is found in applj-ing fresh lard, which should be thoroughly and repeatedly rubbed in. Some people use beef brine instead of lard, with good results. Plenty of rubbing without any application will often effect a cure. The calf should be allowed to suck until a California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. CTire is effected, and if a portion of the milk is drawn from the cow before he is given his rations, so he will be obliged to do a good deal of stripping, he will help to reduce the swelling. Whoever emploj's the violent remedies ^ shonld uuder.staud that they may do more than is desired. Iodine affects the secretions powirrfully, and causes the ab- sorption of tumors and abnormal growths; may it not also cause a decrease in the secretion of milk? We have found that persistent rubbing and knead- ing was better than anything else. If the bag be very tender, as it often is,take a teaspoonful of tincture of arnica in water, and rub the same dilnted with twice as much water upon the bag, to take onr the soreness. Water fok D.4IRY Cows. — The Canada Fanner tr\ily says that no animal should be required to drink water which the owner himself would refuse, and especi- ally so if that animal is the cow from which you hope to make good butter. It is sufficient on this point to say that pure water is an indispensable article to the success of the dairyman, for good butter or cheese cannot be made where good water cannot be obtained. It has been discovered, says an ex- change, that cows that do not give down their milk may be cured of the habit by milking with only one baud at a time. This is said to be nearly imitating the calf, which ever asks for but one teat at a time, and hence the greater certainty in obtaining the milk. This has been proved a sure remedy for cows with- holding their milk, at least in one invet- erate case, and it may be worthy of a general trial. Warts at the end of the teat are occa- sionally found, and are a great annoy- ance, not only obstructing the milk, but from their soreness causing the cow to become fidgety and uneasy while milked. In such cases they must be removed, either by the knife, or by a ligature of fine silk tied round it; the latter is the preferable mode, as warts when excised with the knife are more liable to return than when sloughed off. ^vovti(«lt«n\ ORANCE GROWTH AND CULTURE Valuable liifi>Miiatioii for California — Horficultiiri^lH^ Practical Hints and Advice, Base. REPORT OF THE COWIJVIITTEE ON LAND IV!ONOPOLY. To the People's Jh-Uljeratice Assoniaiion: Wc, your committee, submit the fol- lowing report, and request its publica- tion in the Califoenia Ageicultueist: Wheekas, the i)eople of the State of (California have sntt'ereil from the unset- tled condition of land titles, and all ap- peals to law have proved fatal to tho settlers, and intimidating to other wish- ing to SI tt-le; and, Whkkeas, President U. S. Crautof the Cnited States, and the United States .\t- torney-General and tho Secretary of the Interior, having set on foot a move to settle all land titles, which we believe will greatly advance the farming inter- ests of California, and throw open mil- lions of acres to actual settlers heretofore held by frauds, which frauds have rob- bed the Government of millions of dol- lars for which said frauds ought to pay heavy rents to the Government; Resolved, That no bill has heretofore been recommended to the Congress of the United States so vital to good gov- ernment as the settlement of land titles in California; and, 2d — That we extend our prayers to the gi-eat Kuler of the universe that He may endow our President with a competency of wisdom to execute his noble move and meet out justice to all jjarties; and, 3d — That it is tho duty of every lover of Uberty to sustain the President in this move, and as W"ashington was called "defender," so may we have full reason to call U. S. Grant deliveeek of our State. J. M. Stone, D. G. Weight, Committee. John Foetney, Secietary. Paso liobles, March 20, 1876. TOKEN OF RESPECT. [Published bj' request oi/ tbe Committee ] E.STKELLA School Disteict, | San Luis Obispo Co., Feb. 29, 1«7G. ( We, as a committee in behali of the patrons of this school, extend our most humble thanks to Miss Adella Madden, of Sail Jose, as a teacher, and for the kindness she has shown her »tn lents, the manner in which she has conducted her school, and her unlimited eft'orts in imparting knowledge to her puiMls. We very much regret the closing of her school. Hoping prosperity will go with her, we freely recommend her as a teach- er worthy of her high calUng. J. M. Stone, | D. G. Weight, Waltee Gbaham, John Foetney, j - Com. Farm Laborers Here where. and Else- It may be a matter of interest to some of our readers to know that, according to the last census, there are in this coun- try 188,0(10,001) acres in improved farms, and 5,922,000 agricultural laborers ; which gives about 31 acres to each laborer. California, in 1870, had 3,000,000 acres of cultivated laud, and 48,000 agricultu- ral laborers, an average 75 acres to the laborer. In England there are about 15 acres to each agricultural laborer, and in France 5%. In general terms, we may say, therefore, that one agricultural la- borer works as much land in California as three do in the Atlantic States, five in England or twelve in France. This is a showing which may lead some (jalifor- nians to boast of their State; but when we remember that the careful cultivation to which the lands of England and France are subjected, keeps the land as good as ever, while the lands of Califor- nia are being constantly skinned and made poorer by a prodigal waste of the resources of the soil, wo are inclined to think that it would bo bitter for Califor- nia if it had more agricultural laborers to the acre and had more labor and fertil- izers put upon its soil. The fact cannot be (louied that a groat deal of the land in California is being rapidly wiu'u out by a bad system of farming, and that the grandsons of some of the present tillers of the soil will have hard work to get a living on the ancestral acres, and will want to "go West," or give up farming. — Xapa, Heijister, GOING TO THE SHOW. We have always had a weakness— if weakness it is — for witnessing the won- derful manuevers of good circus perform- ers, and for seeing the wild and trained animals constituting a first-class menag. erie. Man, the superior animal, exhib- iting his animal jiowers and training, may be deemed by some to be below such as exhibit man's mental and moral qual- ities, ideas and sentiments. But while a sound physical body is essential to man's comfort and happiness and fullest development intellectually as well, an exhibit of physical training in a high de- gree, must be interesting to evei-y student of mankind as well as to the mCiO lovers of sport. While we have always enjoyed the jollity and fun-pro- voking part of such performances, and have drawn quicker breaths at startling and amazing feats, we have also enjoyed the study in its more serious significance. And whatever others may think or preach we have never regretted either the time or money spent in witnessing such scenes. As to an* exhibit of animals, it is, or should be, as much a study as a matter of curiosity. The boy or girl who visits a menagerie should be given an illus- trated book of animal natural history, and also a geography, and be encouraged to commit to memory the natures and habits of the various living things seen, and the country and natural characteris- tics of the country they inhabit. Who would not like to know what sorts of beings inhabit tho planets? And yet how many will say it is silly to attend a show where many beings that inhabit our own planet, the earth, can be scan. This train of thought has been sug- gested by the fact that the greatest show of animals and the finest circus ever upon this coast, viz., Montgomery Queen's is now making the tour of the State. If we did not ajiprove of going to see such shows we should not encourage it. The Model Farm. As the large ranches are splitting up into smaller and better cultivated farms, the competition in size is exchanged for emulation in thoroughness. The very idea of what is called a " model farm," probably never entered the head of a Mex- ican ranch owner. How many miles could be ridden over without passing one's own boundaries, seems still to be more a mat- ter of pride with some, than the less im- posing, but more efi'ective merits of order, thrift and comfort. The agricultural ed- itor of the New York Times has, we think, hit the mark in a recent description of, and plea for model farming, and we can not do better than to give place to his re- marks on the premium system : It is unfortunate that the local, as well as the State, agricultural associations al- most altogether ignore tho cultivation of the soil in their competition for premi- ums. .\s the success of agriculture de- ponds ill a much greater degree upon the excellence of cultivation of the farms, than upon the size or beauty of the stock raised upon them, it would seem to be more conducive to tho attainment of the ends for which those associations are sup- posed to have been instituted, that they should attract attention to this especial feature by otl'oring premiums for tho best ploughed field, the best crops, tho best cultivated, best managed and best kept farm, as well as for the best horse, cow, hog, or trio of poultry. Sf If you intend to do any mean thiu.^ wait till to-morrow. If you are to do a noble thing, do it now. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. to Wmm\\M%tdm^. MULTUM IN PARVO. BY JIKS. D. C. OUNN. S strange as it may at first seom, there is uo truer saj-ing than this ■wise old Latin proverb, which, translated, means "much in little." the head, and came near beating, l>ut Charlie Springer's list contains 35!) words, and only one mis- take. There is no such word as "setas," but probably you meant "scta\" — the plural of a word used in botany sig- nifying like a bristle. Charlie Springer gets the chromos this time. His is the largest list received up to the 15th of the month, which is the latest moment the Editor will allow Aunt Polly to hand in copy to the printer. But should any other niece m nephew send a larger list, chromos will be sent to them It would occupy so much space to give all the words found in "carpets" that the editor objects giving room for them. Now what puzzle can we think up that will test the studious powers? 0, I have it now: the three boys and girls that will send in the most names of mountains and rivers found in the Pacific States and Territories — west of the Kocky Moun- tains— shall have, each, a pair of chro- mos. To give all a chance I will grade the ages. The one under ten years who sends most names shall have a jjair; the one under twelve years another pair, and the one under fifteen years another pair. Now, how many will try? Three chances to win and nothing to lose, for you will learn something by trying at any rate. The names shall be printed and due credit given, and Aunt Polly gives to the loth of June to trj- in. CRANDWIA'S TALKS- Easy Lessons from Nature—No. 4. Good morning, children. Why are you looking so merry, Johnny, while Lucy is half crjing and very much an- noyed in spite of her span clean dress and pinafore? Does "thereby hang a tale," as the boy said of his kite? Oh! indeed! Johnny is quite ready to tell how lucy went to draw up the kitchT en window shade and unexpectedly sat down in one of the pumpkin pies which Sarah had just got ready for the oven. That accounts for the smiles, but not for the tears. Better a cold pie than a hot one, eh, Lucy? Oh, never mind John- ny's poor jokes. Let him sing all day if he wants to, "Sarah made a pumpkin pie, which Lucj' turned to squash." It was a funny accident, and we will turn it to some account by taking our lesson from it to-day. I fancy, Lucy, that a great deal of that pie changed its place suddenly when you sat down upon it, because there is a law in nature which prevents two bodies from occujiying the same place at the same time. Can either of you tell me of any two things which seem to Occupy the very same place at once? Johnny thinks he can drive a nail into wood without changing the atoms of wood, but let us pull the nail out again and there is a hole the size of the nail, showing that the particles of wood have been jammed out of place just as the pumpkin was jammed out of the plate. Lucy, dip your finger into the water in this full glass. Doesn't your finger displace some of the water as it goes in? Yes; see how it flows over the top of the glass! It is pushed out of jilace by your solid finger, and although when you re- nio\'e your finger the whole is quickly tilled up by the atoms of w.ater sliding easily into the place, yet you nniy believe that the water has lowered in the glass just the size of your finger. Now, children, v:e will try a little ex- periment. We will fill this glass even full of water, and set it on a dry plate so that we may see every drop that runs over. We will take this lump of fine salt, (it is nearly as large round as your finger, Lucy, and dropped into the- water in a lump would cause it to over- flow) mash it very fine, and then sprin- kle it slow ly on top of the water, allow- ing the bubbles of air to escape. There! ■we have piit it all in and the water won't hold any moi'e, I think. Well, now we will take a teaspoonful of this powdered suaar and sprinkle that in slowly, the same way th:it we did the salt, and yet now the glass seems no nearer to over- flowing than at first. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. \ What do you think of that, children? Have we really got three different things in the very same place at the same time? It does seem so, but the truth is that natm-al philosophers have found out that the atoms of sugar are smaller than those of salt, while the atoms of salt are small- er than water atoms. So that the atoms of water, being larger than either salt or sugar, rest in the tumbler something as these oranges do in this glass dish. See, we can drop these nuts very easily into the spaces between the oranges, as we drop the atoms of salt which partly till the spaces between the atoms of water. Now we can nearly fill up the spaces be- tween the nuts and oranges with sand, as the atoms of sugar dropped into the spaces left between the atoms of salt. Onl}' our eyes are not fine enough to see all the atoms in nature. Even air and gases are impenetrable. They occupy their own appropriate space. I will take this small vial, which con- tains only air, and try to pour water from the pitcher into. "VVhy does it not fill up? Because the neck of the vial is too small to allow the air inside to escape and at the same time so largo a stream of water to enter. In order to fill it, I must insert, very loosely, this little fun- nel, and pour the water through it, al- lowing the air in the vial to escape out- side the neck of the funnel. You per- ceive, the air and water must politely give way to each other in going through such a narrow passage. Here is another experiment to show you how real a thing air is. Let us nearly fill this large glass dish with water, On top o, it we will float this Uttle jsaper boat. "We will now turn this tumbler, containing only air, up-side-dowu direct- ly over the little boat, pressing the glass as far down into the water as we"can. Look through the sides of the glass dish. The boat seems to be going down, down under the water, floating now on the very bottom of the dish, and not getting wet, either. You understand that the air cannot get out of the tumbler, and will not allow the water to raise in it, so the little boat is really on top of the water yet, although at the bottom of the dish with water on all side of the tum- bler. Do you remember, children, what pro- ■ perty of matter we talked about the last time? Oh, yes; .Johnny has brought us a text which he heard read in Sabbath- school, where Solomon, the wise king, teaches the indestructibility of matter. You -ndll find it in Ecclesiastes chapter 1, verses 7 and 9. When you read it, re- member that the water in the rivers Sol- omon wrote about in that day runs in our rivers and oceans to-day, and that there is no new thing yet under the sun. To-day we have been learning somethiag of another property belonging to all matter. It is called ImpenetmhU'dy . One body cannot penetrate another body so that both will occupy the same place at the same time. li?0m<^«. A. Fashionable Lady's Lament. BY MRS. M. E. WOODFono. (.Wter Hood.) Work, work, work. But not iu hunj^'erand dirt For I'm not the "woman of long ago, Who sang the Fong of the Ehirt. But I am young and fair, And I do not work for pelf, But I'm wearing myself out inch by inch. Making clothes for myself. For ife t and and ruffle and puff. And tuck, and ruttic. and baud. Till I know I am the veriest sla%'e There is in all the land. I've no time to read the news. No time to improve my mind. No time for those old household ways To which our mothers inclined. Click, click, click. My machine ever ready and true. Though every day working faithfully. The end comes never in view. For it's tuck, and ruiHe and puff. Shirring, knife plaiting and band; Why should I be the greatest slave There is iu all the land? Oh why ara I a slave To fashion's foolish whimT Why labor so hard for outward show. And neglect the pearl within ? "Consider the lilies" fair, "They neither toil nor spin;" Oh, who would not be a lily. And have no nitlles to hem '? For it's tuck, anu ruffle and band, And band, and rurtle and puff. Of all this foolish liuuinicry. Oh, when shall we have enough? Oh. men with sisters dear. Men With mothers and wives. How can you stand by so quietly. While we're working away our lives? Ye men with vigorous nerves. Ye men with fertile brains. Can you not invent a new machine To make our dresses by steam V Then with bauds, and ruffles, and puffs. All finished and without Haws, Then, having nothing else to do. We'll heli> you make the laws. — [Prairie Farmer. WHO DARE BE FREE? BY NELL VAN. a- The prime business of agriculture is to produce desirable plants in a sufficient abundance, of the best quality and with the greatest economy. To do this with the highest success, and with that ra- tional intelligence which is generally sup- posed to be a distinguishing character- istic of the lords of creation, demands a knowledge of vegetable anatomy and physiology, far more intimate and tho- rough than has ever been attained. Eminence is not to be reached by a frantic struggle. The road to it is much iiiore commonplace. He th.at would daz- zle must first dig. OU are going to cut of your hair, Susie, did you say? Well, did I ever hear of such a foolish caper? "And why not, Kate?" asked _ the wondering girl, "ll.aynoti do as I like with my own?" " Certainly, child, if your mother does not object, but I should think she would know better than to aOowyou to do such an outrageofis thing just as you have grown into young-hidy-hood, and ready to go into society." "Stop, Kate, I do not wish to go into society, except of my own choosing, and as to gTowing into young-lady-hood, a few years more or less makes no differ- ence if we retain the follies of childhood. I have good reasons for what I am about to do, and if .you or any of my friends love me less for mere external appear- ance, I do not value such friendship." "Stay, Sue; don't 'get your back up' so readily. Give me one good, substan- tial reason for cutting off such a luxuri- ant growth of beautiful golden hair, with just enough wave in it to render the Hght and shade so bewitching that it enhances even a moderate share of beauty in your form and features." "Well done, Kate," said the amused Sue. "I never once thought that you admired my foxy, shaggy mane. I shall soon find out how many silent admirers these same locks have had all these years. Fact is, I'm not going to bury the 'luxuriant growth, etc.,' out of your sight forever, as I greatly fear its owner may be laid away some of these days, unless something is done now. No, it shall be placed in a frame in a conspicu- ous place, suitably labeled, if need be, for people to admire. Y'ou ask me for a good reason for the clip, and can I give you a better one than that my health suft'ers daily by the weight and heat of that same 'luxuriant growth?' When I allow it to How over my shoulders my head is somewhat relieved, but my neck and the upper part of my spine is then unnecessarily heated. Then the snarls to be combed out two or three times a day demand the i)attence of a Job. Braiding it nown one's back is so unsuit- able in one of my years, and besides the weight remains the same. I go for health and comfort every time, Kate, and if I could lay my head in cold water several times a day there would be less burning pain in it, and I should feel better all over." "But, Sue," said the per.sistent Kate, "you are not in such ill health as to war- rant such a sacrifice. What if you do sutt'er a little with your head? Don't we all suffer somewhat for appearances' sake? Do you think I could have so trim a fig- ure without wearing my stays a trifle tighter than is comfortable? My French boots, too, would never fit my feet if those same feet were not forced into them and obliged to endure a little pinching. Come now, bo sensible for once, and don't disfigure yourself for life by cut- ting off what you can never replace." "I will be sensible for once, Kate, and resist your i)leadiugs, since vanity mtist be held iu the balance with comfort, or rather, duty to myself and friends. Never will I admit that mere jw'rsonal appearance prevented me from obeying the laws of health. Y'ou, Kate, may lace in your form, and pinch your feet, all the while imagining that you are improv- ing upon nature, at the same time claim- ing to be a sensible young lady ; I, vrith no such claim, simply desire to conform to nature's laws. From principle, I neither wear stays nor tight clothing; while shoes that pinch are my utter aversion. Life is for something better than setting traps. JIattie Wheeler told me the other day she could not spoil her market by cutting off her hair, and she, poor girl, fast going into a decline be- cause of her habits of life I That's what I call unreasonableness. If my hair is the only charm I possess, I'll sell out to the highest bidder and take a lower seat. Y'es, my mother ajiproves of the step, for' she looks up at the noble tree at our side door and says to us: 'Y'ou see, my child- ren, how much improved it is by trim- ming ofl" the superfluous branches. At first we could not be reconciled to the rough handling it received from the gardener, but now at every cut fresh shoots appear, and the young foliage so far surpasses the old that we should no longer murmur. In like manner the inner life is also impaired by need of outer pruning. The vegetable growth ^ upon the head often debilitates and hin- ders the vigorous, healthy condition of body so essential to the proper develop- ment of brain force." She tells us to live , healthfully and we will bo spared the suffering caused by broken laws." ■ "Well, Susie, I'm half inclined to be- lieve there's some truth in what you say, but really the case is different with me. I'm well and hearty. Nothing makes me sick. I can stand any amount of heat or cold, fatigue, late hours, late suppers — nothing, in fact, seems to dis- agree with me; while you whimsical folks, who study out a system of living, are always half sick, and don't live ont half your days. Y"ou see, I'm always well, have no cough like Mattie Wheeler, and, besides, being in society, one is obliged to conform somewhat to its de- mands. My mother ■would never eon- j sent to my cutting off my hair, if I want- ' to ever so much. Short-haired women and long-haired men are her utter abom- ination, and she would think I was grow- ing strong-minded at once." "There, Kate, is just where we difl'er. I am not afraid of being strong in cither mind or body, and, in fact, slightly pre- fer to be both, rather than the weak- minded, delicate-bodied, doll-like women I see everywhere, both iu and out of so- ciety." "Who was that sweet-looking girl we just met, Kate?" asked a young South- erner of his friend, as they were prome- nading Broad street together, a few weeks after the above conversation. Kate "was in a most amiable mood, decked out in the latest spring style. "Do you mean Susie Stanton, with the short hair and loose sack, who bowed as she passed?" "Is that Miss Susie Stanton, the pet of our Professor? I've heard more remarks made about her than any other j'onng lady since I came here. The young fel- lows all seem half cracked about her,and would give more for a smile from her than any amount of attention from other girls. "Tell me more about her, do. How becomingly she wears her hair, and how modest and finaffected she appears. How is it we never meet her anywhere in so- ciety so that a body might make her ae- quaintance, I wonder." "If he wiU ever give me a chance to reply, I will trv- to enlighted my enthusi- astic friend," said Kate, ironically. "In the first place, she is not a girl you would fancy upon acquaintance. She is admired by the Professor, I am told, on account of her natural figure, unrestrained by the dress-maker's art. Besides, she is extremely shy and reti- cent; will not go into society because she calls it a waste of time, imagining her health will sufl'er by late hours, etc. ;I wears dresses much too short for the' style, and shoes too large and clumsy, i She even cut off the most beautiful head; of golden hair you ever laid eyes upon, in order to cool her aching brain with cold water whenever she liked." "Cut off her head, did you say. Miss Kate? or only her hair? I am sure I saw a most comely face, fringed with golden hair, like the halo we see about thei heads of the Madonna. A peaceful ex-: pressiou she wore, too, as if happy and' contented to take life as it comes \vith-; out the continual anxiety to outshine the next one which is everywhere so marked a peculiarity of the northern girls. " _ ".\h, you are only teasing me, Balpb We Northern girls are no dift'erent from any others, but Sue is a little tinctured with strong-mindedness, I do believe, apart from her short hair. But she is a simple little thing, and has never come out iu society. The young men don't know how she censures their small vices, or they would not be so 'cracked after her' as you call it. If all girls were to keep aloof from young men whom they' know to be adicted to habits not consid-! ered elegant in those of their own sex, I we should have a pretty state of society, ' tnily. For my own part, I like these' easy-going, roguish sort of men better | than the pious, Sunday-school sort, who ' make such minnies of themselves in so- ciety, falling head-over-ears in love with a girl before discovering whether they have made even a favorable impression." "To which class, pray. Hiss Kate, would you consign me? Will you never have done railing about men and theii' peculiarities? A wiser way, it seems to me would be to discontinue their atten- tions altogether, as your friend Susie 80 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. does, and obtain their homage from a distance, thus unwittingly lifting them up to a higher standard of perfection in order to become worthy of her smile." Alas ! How many of us live for the true and noble object of hfc, to improve humauity by au excellent example. Pre- cept is well, but silent jiraotice is better. The maiden shorn of her sunny locks, not only saved her own health and grew rosier every day, but through her exam- ple and influence her delicate friend, Mattie Wheeler, had her own hair cut, and by observing other health rules be- came stronger and better than she had been for years. Three more of her young friends saw the error of their ways. They overcame their parents' scruples, cut off their tresses, and lightened their skirts of superfluous trimmings. Ke- solving to live for comfort rather than only for outward appearance, they be- came strong enough to dare to be free. They dressed as they liked, took exercise when and as they liked, and finally de- termined to find employment for them- selves according to each one's peculiar talents. One became an artist, and put her whole soul into her work; another learned type-setting, and became an ex- pert, regardless of the sneers of unprin- cipled persons. Each choosing to become independent of others for support, and free to select for a life companion only such an one as seemed truly worthy, mentally, morally and physically. Who can say such lives are failures? Young women, everywhere, be strong enough to dare to be free! Let no flat- tery prevent you from studying your own comfort and well-being. Health first, alieayn. The healthy body is a fit abid- ing place for a healthy soul, and should seek in a mate one as pure-lived as itself, that perfection of species may, in coming generations, become possible. TWO IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH BUT ONE ANSWER. Among all classes of people the de- mand for knowledge, sound, practical information, is increasingly urgent. None are so rich as to be above the need of it, and no one is so i)oor as to not desire it. But, want of time prevents the busi- ness man from using the library he may possess, and want of means prevents the laboring man from buying the books he and his family might use. Amoug the questions bearing upon the social and business interests of all classes, few are more important than those relating to the means of popular education. 'Two of these questions are, "How shall the over-worked business man secure an acquaintance with the thousands of subjects of general interest which force themselves upon his atten- tiouV" and ''How shall the poor man supply himself and family with the means of general information?" Fortunately, these questions have al- ready engaged the earnest thought of able minds, and during the past five years a grand work has been inaugurated and carried f(u-ward nearly to completion which is destined to give a practical an- swer to these questions and prove a mine of intellectual wealth to the peuljlo. It is an epitome of universal knowledge, embracing all times, all nations and all matters in science, art and literature of general interest to those who would bo well informed. From it the busiest can get accurate information ujion tojjics which, in the ordinary library, are be- yond their reach, and, with "it in his hand, the poor man has a library of the largest practical value, such as, in other form, he could never own. The leading educators and scholars of the land have placed this work above every kindred work for the use of pro- fessional and business men and as an invaluable source of instruction for the homes of the people, and the following extracts from notices of the work by those who are well known in San Jose, will serve as a sample of the testimony received from critical sources every- where: The second volume of Johnson's Universal CyolopiEdla has come to hand. Itaflordsme threat pleasure to call the attention of my friends to the remarkable value of its scientific articles. The progress of modern science is so rapid, and implements and processes are so multiplied, that the scientific student is tiften at a loss to obtain accurate inlormation upon such subjects. To such, Johnson is a perfect treasure-trove. Ev- ery scientific article is the work of a master in the special field treated of. I have found there very elaborate and beaiitifully illustrated articles upi>n many subjects concerning which I had vainly sought in all other accessible works. I Hhould now be very much at a loss if compalled to do the work of my department without the opportunity of reference to Johnson. H. B.NORTON, Prof, of Natural Sciences, Normal School. I have carefully examined the first two vol- umes of Johnson's Universal Cyclopfedia and find the articles ably and concisely written. The information to be derived therefrom is fully up to the present state of scientific knowledge. The authors have wisely ignored the long- winded and unprofitable theories of the past, and, like sensible and practical men, have con- fined themselves mainly to facts. Life is too shtirt to be wasted, in this utilitarian age, upon anything else. I feel s.atisfied that anyone who pm'chases the work will never regret the outlay. JOHN D. SCOTT, M. D. The superiority of Johnson's over other cyclopjedias is such that most of those owning either of the others are purchasing the former. As a matter of safety and economy, we suggest to the people to see and examine Johnson's before ordering, and thus avoid the dis- appointment and extra expense many have incurred. I will gladly jurnish latest editions of the others for comparison with John- sons, as I keep them on hand for that purpose. JAY FKANCIS, Agent. P. O. Box 48, San Jose, Gal. Vinsonhaler's Business College! SAN JOSE, CAL.. Thorough instruction in all branches pertaining to a business education. No scholar graduated who fidls below 98 per cent, in Studies and Deportment. School in session during the entire year. Pupils can enter at any time. Those desiring Board can find a com- fortable Home in the Institute. All Graduates will bo awarded a hand- some Dijiloma. Pupils attending this College can also have access to any of the English bran- ches taught in the SAN JOSE INSTI- TUTE/(W of rharqr. JAMES VINSONHALER, San Jose, Cal. JOCK'S NUI\SERIES, SAN JOSE, CAL. THE ATTENTION OF NURSERYMEN AND planters is invited to my large stock of FRUIT TREES! Of the very best Varieties for Market, Shipping and Drying; Also, GR.\PBVrNES, CURRANTS, GOOSE- BERRIES, BL,ACKBERKIES AND RASPBERRIES. SHADE TREES, EVEKGBBENS, BL,VE GUMS AND SHRUBS. GREENHOUSE PL,.\NTS, BEDDING PI.ANT.S, ETC . Send for a Catalogue. JOHN ROCK, San Jose. A SAMPLE FREE. At our request, Cragin h Co., of rhilad(;ll)hia. Pa., have lU'oniiscd to send any of our readers, gratis (un receipt of 15 cents to pay postage), n s-iuiiilo of Dobbins' Electric Soap, to try. .Send at once. ap'.!t Th.e Goodexxouarh. COMMON-SENSE SYSTEM HOESESHOEIITG SHOP! Col". Santa Clara and San Pedro Streets (opposite Post Office). The only Natural Method of Shoeiug the Horso to prevent Corns, Quarters Cracks, Contrac- tion of the Hoof, and all Lameness Eesultin^ from Unsound Feet. T. K. I.AB.C01MI:, Proprietor. EMPEY & LEUHAIID, Manufacturers and Dealers in COL- g^^LARS, rAHMERS mmii m bm SAN JOSE. Paid iipCapit.->l (gold coin) ... . S-jOO.OOO AutUoiized CapUal SI, 000, 000 .John W. Hinds. President; E. C. Singletary, Vice-President; W. D. Tisdale, Cashier and Sec- retary; L. G. Nesmith, Assistant Cashier. Directors:— C. Burrel, Wm. D. Tisdale. E. L. Bradley. C. G. Harrison, E. C. Singletary, Wm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds, W. H. Wing, T. B, Edwards. Correspondents :- Anglo-Califomian Bank (limited). San Francisco; First National Gold Bank, S. F.; First National Bank, New York; Auglo-Californian Bonk (limited) London. WILL ALLOW INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, buy and sell Exchange, make collections, loan money, and transact a General Banking Business. Special inducements offered to mer. chants, mechanics, and all classes for commer- cial accounts. S. W. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., %AJS JOSE. HAR- NESS, SADDLERY, Carriage Trimmings. Etc. No. 202 .S'ortfa Clara Street. SAN JOSS. SMALL FARM FOR SALE! AGREEABLY SITUATED ON THE FOOT- hills in the WARM BELT, nine miles from San Jose, near Los Gates. 2.5 acres in Cultiva- tion, 65 acres of Pasture and Live-Oak Grove, 80 acres of Chaparral and Woodland; two Springs on the place. Dwelling; House, Iturn, Orchard, Gar- den, Well, 3 Good Hoises, One Colt, 4 years old. One Farm ^a-ron. One Spring Wagon, la Tons of Iluy, 5 Head of Dairy Stock, 50 Cliickens, Good Farming Implements. House Purniture, Lot of Tools, «S;e . Title, U. S. Patent. Price, ifa, .">00— Part Cash, easy terms for the Remainder. .\.ldrc.ss, LOS GATOS P. O., or apply on the Premises to the Proprietor, G. GCEKIIN'OT. s^^isr JOSE SAVINGS BANK,' 28C Santa Clara Street. CAPIT.U. STOCK - - S600,000 Paid in CapitaKGold Coin) - $300,000 Officers:— President, -lohn H. Moore; Vice- President. Cary Peebles; Cashier, H. H. Reynolds. Directors;— John H. Moore, Dr. B. Bryant, S. A. Bishop. Dr. W. H. Stone, Cary Peebles, S. A. ciark, H. Messing. SEW FEATURE : This Bank issues— Deposit Receipts." bearing luterestat 0, Sand 10 percent per annum; inter- est payable promptly at the end of six mouths from date of deposit. The •■ Receipt" may be transferred by indorsement and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also al- lowed on Book Accouuts, beginning at date of deposit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe . keeping of Bonds. Stocks, Papers, Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Currency, at reasonable rates. Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. SANTA CLARA IMlll JACOB EBERIIARDT - - Proper. A I.L KINDS OF I.KATHEK. SHEEP- l\ skins and wool. Highest price paid for Sheep Skins, Tallow, Wool, etc. FARMERS' UNION. (Successors to A. Phisteb 4: Co.) Cor. Second and Santii Clara Sts., ,^ S.VN JOSE. CAPITAL - - WILLIAM ERKSON H. E. HILLS $100,000. President. Manager. DIRECTORS : Wm. Erkson. L. F, Chipman, Horace Little, C. T. Settle. J. P. Dudley, David Campbell, James Singleton, E. .\. Braley, Thomas E. Suell. 8^ Will do a General Mercantile Business. .\lso, receive deposits, on which such interest will be allowed as may he agreed upon, and make loans on approved security. II YOli sall:. ^r;l.\TY ONE AND TWO VKARS OL.D O —Thoroughbred Spanisli Merino K.ams, Cali- fomia bred, from Ewes imported from Vermont, and sired by Severance k Pelt's celebrated ram FI;e:MI)NT. and by tlieir ram tiUF.EN MOl'N- TAIN. which took the first pi-emiums at the Bay District and State Fairs. Last shearing, 35 )< lbs. year's growtli. Also, about in« Ewes and Lambs, allof GREEN MO UN'L'.UN stock, bred last year. i B. F. WATKINS,S;nita Clara. Cal. INVENTORS! IF Vt)l' «ANT .V P.VTKNT, SEM) UK a model or skitcli and ii full description of voiu- iiivt^ntlon. We will make an examination A at the Patent Olllcc, and if we think it patent- <( able, will send you i)aper8 and advice and prose- cute your case. Our fee will be, in ordinary cases. !S'4.".. Advice kbee. Adilress LOUIS BAOGUR . Through trains daily, with Pidman Palace 0 Cars through to Philadelphia and New York on each train, 1 THROUGH TRAIN, WITH PULL5I,\j; PAl- 1 ace Cars to Baltimi're and Washington. By the LaSe Shore and Michigan Southern Eallway ani ' Connection: (New Tori Central and Eric Eailways): O THRUUGH TR.MNS D.\ILY, WITH P.\LA.CE O Drawing Room and silver Palace Sleeping (':irB through to New Vork. By the Michigan Central, Grand Truni, Great Western and Erie and New Yori Central Railways: Q Through trains, with Pullman Palace Draw- •J ing Room and Sleeping Cars through to New York to Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Rochester, or New York city . By the Baltiniorp and Ohio Railroad; 9 Through trains daily, with Pullman Palace ,_ Cars for Newark, Zanesville, Wheeling, Washington and Baltimore without change. This is the Shortest, Best, and only line run- ning Pullman celebrated Palace sleeping cars and coaches, connecting with Union Pacific Railroad at Omaha and from the West, via Graml Juno- tion, Marshall, Cedar Rapids, Clinton, Sterling and Dixon, for Chicago and the East, This popular route is unsurpassed for Speed, Comfort and Safety, The smooth, well-ballasted and perfect track of steel rails, the celebrated Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, the perfect Tele- graph System of moving trains, the regiilarity with which thevrim,the admirable arrangement for running through cars to Chicago from all points West, secure to passengers all the comforts in modern Railway Traveling, No changes of Cars and no tedious delays at Ferries, Passengers will find Tickets via this Favorite Route at the General Ticket Office of the Central Pacific Rrailroad, Sacramento, and in all the Tic bet Offices of the Central Paciffc Railroad, Marvin Hughitt, W, H, Stennett, Gen, Supt., Chicago. Gen, Pass, Agent, H. P, STANWOOD, General Agency, 121 Mont- gomery street, Sau Francisco. A, O. HOOKEB, L- FlNlGAN, Late Gunckel it Hooker, (late of Jl.irysville.) mm I mui DENTISTS. -359 First street, San Jose, IMPEOVED FEUIT PACKAGES DON'T FAIL to OB FOkFATm OSLV 2.J (JESTS. Comfortable Combination Clothing^. THIS STYLE OF I NDERCLOTHIXG FOR Ladies has been found by all who have used it, the most convenient and comfortable, as well as erunoinical of any now in use. Models were exhibited and attracted mnch commenda- tion at the late Fair. Patterns can be had by applying to >Irg. Herrinj;, cast hide of Ninth street, between St. John and St. James streets. San Jose, (where samples can be seen.) or by addressing' C. C. C. Company, Box 686 San Francisco. * This reform underclothing has been worn by the Editor's wife and children fur the past two seasons, and is certainly superitir in points oi comfort, healthfulnesK, and economy of wear and material of any ever invented. It is the in- vention of a California lady who makes every pattern her^^elf and writes full directions upon each. No family that once tries this style of clothing will ever go back to the others. ZiOcke c& Moxxtague, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware &c. 112 and 114 Battery St., SA!V FRANCl-itlQ. LOS GATOS ITUESERIES, S, NEWH.VLIi, Prop'r SanJo.se. AL.IRGE AND GENERAL ASSORTMENT of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, Flowering Shrubs, Roses, Greenhouse Plants, Grapevines, Small Fruits, etc, I ofiVr for sale a well assorted, well grown and healthy stock. Low-topped stalky fruit trees a specialty. Ad- dress S. NEWHALL. San Jose. The Santa Clara Valley Frnit Package \ Manufacturing Company are now making ' berry boxes by the wholesale. With their new machinery for slicing off ma- terial, they can make packages that, for ' lightness, strength and cheapness com- bined, cannot be excelled in the world. Their light strawberry boxers are thin strips — 24 to the inch — and are bent into shape by grooving. The bottoms are raised above the lower sides so as to al- low ventilation. The crates, or cases, are made to hold n, 12, 10 and 24 pounds of fruit in boxes. These are also made of thin, light, strong pieces. The whole complete — crate with cover and 24 one- pound boxes — only weighs iy^ pounds, and costs but 35 cents. The crate com- plete, with IG boxes, weighs but 3% pounds, and costs only 25 cents. The packages for lOU pounds of fruit weigh but 20 pounds, or less. Contrast the old cumbersome chests, weighing 80 pounds and costing $8 each, with these new, cheap, free packages. There is no trouble of buck freight; no heavy extra freight on packages; the person who buys the fruit has no bother, but takes the box home. The most important thing, however, is the perfect condition in which the fruit carries, whether long or short distance. I'ersons once using these packages will use no other. All sorts of berry and fruit boxes will be made in their season, or to order, in a manner and at prices that will suit all. Also fruit and market baskets of superi- or qU'ility. .Vddress, Santa Clarn Valley Fruit Package Manufactory, S^t, .John Street, between Market and First Streets, San Jose, California. The American Bee Journal, EstabUslumer of First and Santa Clara streets. In lIcLaughlin & Ry- land's building, San Jose, Cal. .Villi l>ealHriii Flowerill^r Pllnts Oriiiiliieiilal SUriilis KulbM and FloweriiiU' Hoots in A'ariety. Han;; iiit; Ba,.- kct,.. Hrieil Grasses, Frencll Immortelles of .-Vssorted Colors, K«-., Etc, «^" Seeds, Fresh and Reliable. The Bee-Keepers' llagazine. Office: tgy- For ■:.> snbscriplions to the Califor- nia Agricultmist, Live !«tocfc and Household Jotiriinl at SI. -jO each, the publishers will give a 870 Xew Davis Sen-ing Macliine. Here is an opportunity for some energetic lady to get the best Sewing JIaehine for a little time well employed. The DAVIS took the first premium at the Santa Clara Valley .Agricultural Society's Exhibition last Fall, 50 An ILLVSTSATED Monthly Jour- nal of :*'.; octavo pages devoted exclusively to Bke - Ccltuke. Eilited by Albert J. King, con- taining monthly contributions from Mrs. E. S, TtjppEB, and other eminent Bee-Keepers in both ErnopE and -America. A large space is devoted to beoissers giving use- ful information just when it Is needed through- out the year. Tebsis: SI. 50 per year. We will send the Magazise 4 months os trial and iscLtDE a 6-1-page pamphlet (price 50 cts. ) , con- taining a beaiitiful life-like Chromo of Honet- PL.o,Ts and Italian Bees In their natural colors. Prize EssaT by Mrs. TtrpPEE, Queen Rearing by M. Quisby'. Instructions for Beginners, etc,, all for 50 cts. Address, KING Si SI.OCTI9I, 61 Hudson Stieet, New Tork. w. k lii'i Patent FortaUe WooH and Straw hmi li^m Patented July 20th and XVovember 2d, 1875. Burns wood or Straw without change, and Coal by chang- ing two plates. Took the Premium at the California State Fair, 1875, as the Best Straw-Bumer. t yT Send for Testimonials and Price tu JOSEPH ErrKIGHT, San Jose, Cal., GARDEN CITV DRUG STORE Bet. 1st aud id H. PIESSITECKEE, Proprietor, No. 320 Santa Clara St. J. C. VE1TITX7M. DEALKU IN CARRIAGES, BITGf-ilES, PHAETONS and SPRING WAGONS. B=?- AhL WORK WARRANTED -m C. E. CAMPBELL,-, Manufacturer of itOTcs, Easg9s, Pumps, Well Pipe and Galvanized Iron Hydraulic Earns, Pumps with Improved Valves. L^ii aai Iron P ipe. Tin, Copper, Zinc and SUeel- Brass Goods, Iron Wares, Galvanised Iron Hose Wire, Chimneys, Tin Rooflng, Plumb- Farmers' Esilcrs, iiig, etc. House Furnisliiiig No. rw9 Firs' Stree'. tpposite Fl Do- ''""■ ladoSt. NO. 447 FIBST STREET, San Jose. E^JCELSE mill COMPANY M VM-FA'TrKKIi.-. OI' Monuments, Head Stones, Tablets, Cenotaphs, Tombs, aiKl all liluilKof Cemetery work in Marble auri Granite Marble, Slale and Iron Mantles. Table Tops, Tile, Grates, Fountains, Etc, Hasts eut from PkotograpljK. Statuary ami BubIb in PlaBter or Marble. Moulding and Designing done on slicrt potic-e. PRICES LOW. FIEI.S, COMBS & KESTDAIiIi, NO. '^77 SECOND STREET. Between Santa Clara aud St. .John streetB, San Jose. SAN JOSE. Drug Store, In M.Langhlin .V Ryland's Bank Building, 309 FIRST STREET, S.\N ,IOSK, (J,\L. J. A. Chittenden. Keiid the advertisement, on second page of cover, of the sale of Pclton Horse-powers by the Sheriff, on May 13th, at the San Jose Fouudrv. The Cal. AoiticuLTUniHr I'lut Vo. b ive tnuKtitutett thcmeelves a Purchasinjj A^fency, to aifoinmodate Agricultukist KubBcriberh. Anylhiiit; waiitci • Contributed. 1 Editorial. l|: Wjl hfouSEhfom MmAT/j^E r^ ^=r|=\^-=.'^^0^ California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal MiTim mum ns mcEEH ! m m\m fiu ,..,AKE .. MATCHLESS IN dUNDEUF., Beauty of Tone, Ferfecii of Me:liaiii:ia IN EVERY DETAIL. All Our Pianos are Double Veneer- ed with Sawed Veneering. AntiseH's Celebrated Iron Frame is the ONLY Unfailing Safe^niard yet disrovered a;,'ainst the Harsh ML*talii' Tone invarialdy nut with after a while in all IiiKtniineiits othcrwibf i.-tiubtructed. INSTALLMENTS. S50 or $IOU Dowu; Bakiuee in lustall- ments of $10 and Upwards. AGENT AND SALESROOMS: 315 SANTA CIiAKA ST., SAN .TOSE. FAR MS! FARMS! FOE SALE. 1 C^A Acres, Se\'en 31iles West of City XO^ of Sau Jiise, mostly valley, very cheap, Fair House, at $«, 500 . 40 Acres, T^vo and a Half Miles West, rich valley land, at $80 per acrv. ^A Acres, on tlie Alinaden Road, Six wU miles out, House. Barn, etc.; a pretty place for$.>,000. (^^O Acres, IVear Cinnabar Hotel, on WtalO Almaden Ruad, six and a half miles out; a BiK Bargain for $1*^,000; has a Fine Grove of Timber. House, Barn, Wind-mill. Vineyard, etc.; all valley land but liO acres. Terms— One- half cash; balance in thrt-e years at H per cent, per anniun. 01 3 Acres, Near Jtloiintniii Vie^v, very wX-1: well improved, with House and Out- buildings; a Good Home for $3,UUU. 0Q1 1 Acres, Near WasUin|s^ton Cor- M^^'H ners. Alameda county, I'l miles from San Jose, one mile from Depot; all valley land; House, two liarns. htrj^e Dairy House, Granary. Wind-mill. Tank, three acres of Excellent Orch- ard, is a hi-st-rhiiss plan-, at $90 per am-, [lart JAMES A. CLAVOrr, je Kr;.l Kht-A'- A^'fiit. 2'.in Snnta Cl.-nvi St. The iempehance champioJI Vlllilish.'.l inulillily, ;it S:,l. .I..y.-, (■.,].. By ALEX. P. MUE&OTTEIT. Iliinif llir llrsi l-'aiiiily Papm (in Ilii-Coiist PRICE <>M,V SI AYKAR. Tin; Teiniicnim-c I'lciiU; shoiilil all luivp it. JOB prTn T I n c OF KVEKY KTYLE DoiH- at tlie ■• CHAMPION" Offii o. FOR THE Pl'HPOSE OF Mm SPANISH UE« FOR SALE. Handling Grain in the Straw, Stacking Hay or Straw, Handling Hay Bales or Other Weights. This Machine has been extensively introduced in the East, and stands pre-eminently the Stacker for the people. It defies all coiiipelition. and has *aken tUe First Preininin wher- ever entered. Some of ihe advnnt;ii;< s > laiiued are: It is simide in construction, easily moved from place to place. and couvenieully ninrdtrd, raising the grain, hay nr other weitj;hts. and at the same time, and by tlie same operation, swinging it into the position in which it is to be placed: thence returning iiromptly to the former position. It is the Only Folding Derrick Used. jjQi^gj^pQ^gj^j i HQJ^SJ.pQTO ! SIXTY ONE ANOTWO TEARS OL.D ^ Th()roughbred Spanish Merino Rams, for sale. Also, about ItX) Ewes and Lambs, all California bred, from stock imported from Vermont, and as good as there is on this Coast. Prices to suit the times. je B. F. WATKINS, Santa Clara, Cal. It lias Tavo Movements— Vertical and Lateral CERTIFICATES. The following are only a few of the letters of Stacker on the Pacilio Coast last year; MR. I. N. MATLICK: Dear Sir— AUow us to say that we have used one of your Stackers, and unhesitatingly pronounce it the best machine we have seen for stacking hay or straw, handling haybales, wool bales, etc. Visalia, Cal.. Dec. 1, 187i. W. J. White .t Co. Mr. I. N. Matlice: — We used one of your Stackers last year, and are fully convinced that it is Thk Stacker. G. W. SMirH & Bro. Visalia, .\pril !>, 1876. Mr. I. N. Matlick, Visalia, Oal.;— Your Stack- er is superior to any machine I have seen for stacking, of which I am convinced in putting up '2.000 tons of hay last year. S. Jewett. Bakersfield. Kern Co., Cal., March 10, 1876. Mb. I. N. Matlick, Visalia:— Having tried endorsement received from those who used the lyour Stacker to my satisfaction, I find It just what I want, and far superior to any other ma- ! chine for the iiurjinse. I have therefore pur- ] chased the right to build three upon our own farm. G. F. Thornton. Manager for Carr k Haggen. Bakersfield, April 21, 1876. Mr. I.N. Matlick, Visalia. Cal.:~I used your Stacker last harvest, and am fully conviiiced that it has u» equal. Philo D. Jewett. Bakersfield. Kern Co., April '12. 1876. Mr. I. N. Matlick. Visalia;— Having xised dif- ferent stackers, and knowing the value of your machine by its jiractical work, deem it superior to any other. I have therefore purchased the light to build four Stackers upon my farm. 1 Bakersfield. April '22, 1S76. Wm. H. Souther. THE WOULD IS CHALLENGED FOE AN EaUAL. ADDRESS; Or. I. N. ZtHATLXCK, Visalia, Cal. •T. M. GltEGOliY, Asent. Sau Jose, Cal. ATTENTION, HARVESTERS ! FIVE of I'ELTON'S Celebrated Six-Fold -Geared Horse-Powers, For Sale at the SAXV JOSE FOUNDRV, C(>r. San Antonio and First sts..San Jose Ho ! For the Coming Harvest ! ! Where to get the BEST MOWERS & REAPERS Is now the important question. SAN JOSE CLOTHING STORE, 266 SANTA CLARA STREET, SAX JOSE, O'BANION & KENT, Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, aud dealers in all kinds of QENTS' FURTnTISHING GOODS. Examine those introduced by the FARMERS' UNION. THE LATEST IMPROVED Two-Wheeled McCormick AHEAD OF ANYTHING. The cutter-har of the Mower has the action of the Champion and the Buckeye, with Elasticit> , Strength and Easy Control Buperiorto all otbert-. It is Powerful, IHirable, Reliable; costs LESS than other first-class machines, lasts longer, anii needs no repairing for years. A Superior Stock of VTew G-oods for the Summer Trade. ^^ LOW PRICES, and N SECOND PRICE. ^^ THE IMPROVED ADVANCE] COMBINED ■■ Self-Raking Reaper and Mower Has SEPAliATF. I>.\RS for reaping and mowing — a truly Combined machine. THE FAD/IZSRS' UnriOIT Has the agem y f<^r these machines in Santa Clara. San Beuito, Santa Cruz, and Monterey Counties. Depots ot Sale will be established in the towns of Gilroy, Hollister, Salinas, Watson- ville. and Santa Cruz. Farmers will find it economy to see and examine these machines be- fore buying others. Lightstone Block, uearly opposite the Anzerais House je MRS. H. E. ELLIOTT FEIST BROS. & CO. Will Mnlillf.'lrlurr the FREUCH YOKE SHIRT Frnm .\itn.-il MiiiBurein.iit. A Perfect Fit Guaranteed. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC CARPETS. T^IIE I.AIUIEST ASSORTMENT IN THIS City. New and Beautiful Styles, carefully sclcrtcii. and selling at pries Lo . er than ever lu'forc. ,\o\v is Your Opportunity. UonM Koiyi'l II. Wr uiT olTciiiig full lines of English Axminster and French Moquette. English Koyal Wiltons. Velvet^ and Brussels. En^ilish and .Vmerican Tapestry Brussels. lii-i-lnw anil Cnuniiton Wiltons and Brussels. llartfi>nl arnl Luwidl lioily Brussels. Hartfiird Threr.ply Extra Super aud Medium All Wool Supirlhulugn.ins. [Super. Uoublr and Siiigl*' t'olton Chain. [Matting. M(ii|uettit Vilvit Tapestry Hugs, and Mats and A large line of Smyrna Kugs, direct importation. White, ('lu'ck and Fancy English and American Oihdoths. etc. flf^ Call and convince vours-lf tli;it \v. > ;in do as advertised. FEIST BROS- NEW YORK REAPERS AND MOWERS F00 Pairs ill I'm*' in Sjiii.Iiise. .V I'l rlVc t Fit (iuai-.iliteiil. F.ir m1. by SMITH & RYDER, Jewelers, :J07 Fllisr htrci't. I'Hiiiim'iiiiil Haiilc Uiul.liii},'. J^" Yovi cull yot a liocid, Substantial Business or Dress Sviit at Spring's for less money, by ono-fourth, than at any other store. brnia Agriculturis ^Xd^O EM^wm. TOOK ^o-tirmitAEa \, Vol. 7~No. 6.) . SAN JOSE, CAL., JUNE, 1876. (Subscription Pbice, $1.50 a Year. I Siuyle Copies, 15 Cents, MATLICKS HAY DERRICK. A good derrick to use iu the hay field, and at the stack; one that iseasily moved from place to place; always iu readiness for work; that will lift light or heavy weight perpendicularly and swing it at once to its place without trouble, and return to its former position; that can be managed with the least number of hands — such a derrick has long been desired by our farmers, and is shown iu our illustration. It is constructed upou an entirely different principle from the old arm-derrick that is held up with guy- ropes. It is the embodiment of an orig- inal idea, wonderful at once for its sim- plicity and adaptability. The upright post upon which the horizontal beam is pivoted, is thoroughly braced to a frame, which, as will be seen iu the illustra- tion, IS a sled that can be drawn and placed where wanted bj- the same team that is used to raise the weight. This same frame can beset upou wheels if de- sired, but for ordinary use it is not necessary. The horizontal beam is sup- ported at two points, first upon the cen- ter post, and second upon the long brace that the cut shows to be .ittailnd to one corner of the sled frame and reach- ing up to uear the end of the beam. This brace is the real genius of the derrick. The only rope used is the one to which the fork is attached. This runs through blocks over the beam and iow n through a block ^- attached to thi "^ corner fartli 1 from the bi i ~ The horse puUin^, -=s from this block raises the fork directly from the ground or load, the derrick beam remaining motionless, until at a given bight a stop in the rope causes the motion of the team to swing the beam around with a slight upward motion to where it is desired to drop the weight, after which the beam at once returns to its place without any assistance. This voluntary motion is induced by the grav- ity of the swinging bi-aco, which presses iu that direction from the position of its foot. Wo have thus particularly ex- plained the working of this derrick be- cause it is constructed upon a new prin- ciple, and is deserving of the attention of evei"yone wanting an apparatus for the purposes for which this is designed. Mr. Matliek, the inventor, has been introducing his derricks in our county lately, and we hear but one expression, and that a verj' favorable one. forward, and propose to take hack seats no longer. Year after year they have been content to be run over and thrown dust upou by the fast men and horses, who have monopolized agricultural fairs for purposes of gambling and grand ca- rousal. Not exactly content, perhaps, for they have kept up an incessant grumbling, but nevertheless have sub- mitted in a manner that showed a sub- jection anything but sublime. Our local Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Society has really treated them better than any other, and has, in consequence, been favored by better exhibits of stock. Sev- eral stock breeders, for a year or two back, have declined to exhibit at all at the State fair until a dift'erent order of things prevails. Finally, the matter seems to have come near enough to a tangible focus to show some force. All that is now needed is a very general unity, not only of all stock breeders, but of all legitimate in- dustrial interests, upou the ground that the horse-race gambling and liquor- drinking have got to be separated from the respectable exhibits of worthy pro- ductions. This will be radical because emphatically right, but it will effectually STOCK AND AGRICUL- TURAL FAIRS. It is a cheery sign for the early inaug- uration of something better than horse- race gamVjling at our county and state fairs, when our stock men come boldly cure the uow disorganized condition of fairs generally. As there can be no har- mony between right and wrong, the question of policj' as to which should rule is the all-important one. Will it not be best to make short work of the thing, and end the trouble at once, by ruling out the pool-race and ruling in the worthy and the beneficial productions? If you cannot draw as big a crowd, you can get a better one; and it you don't take in as much money at the gate, you can make the fairs a moral and material success, jiro bono publico, which is some- thing which has not been accomplished heretofore to any gi-eat extent, surely. Col. Younger's address before the Cattle-Breeders' Association, shows the true spirit of the stock breeders upon this important question. And as a proof that they are in earnest, we now append a series of resolutions reported by a com- mittee of the Association. Owing to the reluctance of other papers to publish them in full, wo are the first to spread them before the jiublic. We only regret that the resolutions are not more radical: Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the TJio- roitijhbred Cattle-Breeder's Association: Y"our Committee, appointed for the purpose of drafting resolutions relative to the exhibition of cattle at the State Fair, would most respectfully report as follows: That after duly considering the whole matter, and believing that the cattle in- terests of this State, as well as all the Western States of the Union, is second to no other interest, as is plainly shown by the cattle receiving the gold medal over all other stock for several years past at the annual exhibition of the State Society; and, whereas, under an act to incorporate a State Agricultural Society, etc., the latter part of section '2d of said act reads as follows, viz: "and for an ex- hibition of the various breeds of horses, cattle, mules and other stock, and of agricultural, mechanical, and domestic manufactures and productions, and for no other purposes;" and, whereas, it is very plain, from the above quotation of said act, that there was no provision for a speed programme Cin our opinion), and as the report of the State Board shows that they spend more money on the race-horse thau on all other stock, and more time is devoted to the inter- ests of the race-track than all other in- terests combined; therefore, be it Besolved, That we hereby request the State Board of Bgriculfure to give more attention to the cattle interests of this State, and do away with the daily parade of cattle, as we believe that it is very in- jurious as well as expensive, and no good derived from it; we also ask that the ton per cent, entrance fee, wherever it applies to cattle iu the premium list, be stricken out, as we think and believe it unjust to make an exhibition and pay for it; we further request and ask that our cattle may be exhibited and passed upon in front of the grand stand, the ribbons tied on the successful animals, and the award declared at the time by the Marshal, as is done iu other States. Hesolved, That we make the above rea- sonable requests, and that unless they are complied with, this Association will make no exhibition of cattle at the State Fair. Resolved, That a copy of these resolu- tions be sent to the secretary of State Board of Agriculture, to bo by him laid before said Board; and that the said sec- i retary is hereby requested to nctify the , secretary of this Association what action ; they may take on the above resolutions. , (Signed) Robt. .\sHEt:r.NEi!, ) CvKCs Jones, /- Com. I J. D. Garb, ) . ' Sacramento, April 19, 1876. TABOR DERRICK HAY-FORK. Next in importance to a good derrick is a good hay-fork — one that will gather up, hold onto, and carri' into place a large or small grab with equal facility, and that is under perfect control in all ' positions. Such an oneis the Taber, the late invention of Orriu Taber, of San . Jose, and manufactured in San Jose. This is certainly a meritorious invention. Our illustration will give au idea of the way it works, but to be appreciated it must be seen. It grapples onto the hay with a leverage power, in- creased with the weight of the load. The grapple forks are sep- arately axled into a huge bail, as shown. Each jaw of the fork has two arms at right angles with , its axle, one of which the weight of the fork draws upon to open the jaws; the other and opposite lever arm the whole weight draws upon to close the jaws when gathering and lifting. An admir- able arrangement for dropping the load completes this almost perfect thing. Besides hand- ling long hay and straw with perfect ease and certainty, it will also gather in its huge grasp chaff or grain heads. With this fork a header wagon can be unloaded speedily. Mr. Taber has already more orders for these forks thau he can fill this season, but will probably be able before another year to supply the demand. Meanwhile, snch of our readers as are interested will do well to remember this and examine into its work and merits. Born.— San Jose, JlajrUth, 1876, to tlie wife f S. Harris Ht-niug, a sou. -==s--:^E California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. $1.50 Per Ar(r\urr\. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE CAL. AGRICULTURIST PUB. CO. S. HARRIS HERRING, Editor. OFFICE:— Over llie San Jose Savinrjg Bank, Balbacli^s Buildiny^, Santa Clara Street, near First, San Jose. SPECIAL TEHHS TO AGEITTG. RATES OF ADVERTISING: Per one Column 512 00 Per Mouth " half Column 6 00 ** " loiirth Column 3 00 '* " " eisbth Column 2 00 " " " sixteenth Column 100 •' ** iS^ We are determined to adhere to our resolu- tioD to admit none but worthy basinesfi advertis- ing in our columns, and to keep cli-ar of patent medicine, liquor, and other advertisements of doubtful influence. The large circulation, the desirable class of readers, and the neat and convenient form, rend- ers this Journa[ a choice medium for reaching the attention of the masses. Notice to Eastern Advertisers and Advertising Agencies. ft^ Hereafter no proposition for advertisins in this journal will be entertained without p;iy in advance. Our published rates are the stand- iird for all. EDITORIAL NOTES. Messrs. Field, Combs & Kendall, of San Jiise, iii-o cerliiiu)y ilcaei vin^' of s])ccuil mention for doing fine marble worjj, as every one wlio examines will attest. Tliey en]i)loy a Lufje force ol men, and display work tliat for ele-rance and finish cannot be surpassed in til is filale. One number of a journal like this can not conuiin aiticjea npon every snbjectof gen- eral interest. Next month sevei-al depart- nients not found in this issue will be given. Now is a very busy season with the most of our ri-aders and correspondents. If you can- not write long articles, send ns something slioit and spicy, but don't negleit us. Another New Fruit-Dryer.— Our f.llow tuwiiKiuan, Mr. Win. Aiam, has Be cun-d a patent for a new fruit-dryer. His in- vention consists, first, of a basement where beat is generated in a furnace; second, a large room above divided into apartments by mov- able parlitionsi third, the manner of letting the beat into either or all of these at will; fourth, the movable racks for the screens which licdd the fruit to he dried, and fifth, the manner of introducing and remeving the raclis containing the fruit. Mr. A. says that he can buihl one of a ca]iaiuly to .by aoi) boxes of apples or pears per day for IS 100. We have examined the drawings, and can see many piactical points about the apparatus which we lliink must bring it into strong competition Willi 11,0 Alden and otlicrs. Mr. Bird, of San •Josu, will run one this season, and thinks it isjust about as near the thing as any yet in- Artificial Stone. — The AsbesHan Stone Company, of San Jose, is now actively engaged in making many beautiful designs of work. They are laying down pavements for garden walks, making steps, cemetery work, vases, and a variety of solid and ornamental work. This stone is worked in a jilastic con- dition, and it is claimed that it can be cheaply wrought into beau'iful forms, and on harden- ing will endure a long time. J. W. Combs, the noted marble cutter, is president, and Alex. Murgotten secretary, and Wm. Elm Superintendent. A Matter of Policy.— Cal. Agm- I'ULTUuiisT Pun. Co.: "Six Months Among the Bees," in May number, Is a libel on the country, undoubtedly, and was written, I presume, by some one when be bad the blues. It is a bad policy to republish anything ol the kind with resard to any portion of the State. Suppose all the papers in the different localities should republish the growling arti- cles with regard to all other localities, — you see it would tend to prevent immigration from the East, and lengthen the time of our enforced employment of the heathen. Yours, truly, O. L. Abbott. .Santa Barbara, May 17th, 1867. To publish either the glowing or the "blue" side only, would be unfair. AVithin the past two years, we have given a great deal of matter flattering to the bee interests in San Diego. We desire our readers to see every side of the question, that they may be better able to form an impartial opinion. (_)n gen- eral principles, our newspapers, by ]aiblish ing only the glowing side of the country, flat- tering to each locality, deceive the people East, and they come here to be disappointed, and curse the country and people they find so very dirterent from what they were misled to believe. Much might, with justice, be said upon this question. We have often felt like denouncing the over-drawn and one-sided representations sent abroad. We want immi- gration, but not such as is induced by false advice. To do as we would be done by in this as other things, must he about right. A look about our immediate locality and surroundings shows a season of business that promises liberal returns. Enright is running a lat-ge force oti his tJO new thresher engines and repairing of several others. His place looks like a large locomo five depot at first glance. McKenzie's foundry has just turned out the largest iron quicksilver furnace ever made for the New Almaden mines, and will soon commence another ono. At the Alameda Foundry, Watkius »Sc Co. are turning out several new engines, .a now thresher, and doing a variety of othei work. In Ibis connection we will mention the new patent mamnioth horse-rako manufactured by Mr. Balbach, at Ins .sho]) on Fountain and Second streets. It is constructed something on the principle of the spring wire-tooth rake, but the teeth of this are very heavy and strong, and two horses and two men are re- quired to handle it. It is mounted on wheels and worked with levers, the men riding. Several have already been made, all to order, and give splendid satisfaction. It is no toy arrangement, but is made to do work "and no fooUshuess." Our wagon shops are running full hands. Probably the best wagons, as well as the handsomest made on this Coast, are now turned out in San Jose. All classes of industrial business seem to be rushing at ju-esent, in harmony with the pros- jiects of big crops and productive success gen- erally. New houses are. going up all over town. New orchards have been planted, and our nurserymen are all enlarging their grounds and business. Another new canning factory has been erected, and the old firm of Dawson & Co. have greatly enlarged their factory and ca- pacity for putting up fruit and vegetables. Their reputation is deserved, for they put up the best fruit in the best manner, and no trick- ery or deceit. Farmers are cutting one of the best crops of hay ever gathered. The late frosts have damaged early-planted tomatoes and squashes, but the damage is not irreparable, as it is not too late to replant. Mr. Chas. Carue's twenty acres of early to- matoes are not injured, but are branching out beautifully. He expehts to get 2.j tons to the acre. Fruit prospects are good, although str.aw- berries are a partial failure in some spots, from the effect of worms at the roots of the l)lant8. Twenty bushels or so of salt to the acre, at one dose, would probably straighten them out and convert them into fertilizers. The Mount Hamilton observatory road will be finished within a month. New enterprises are seen on every hand. If energy will in- sure success in town and country, surely our people should prosper. Our exchanges over the State all speak of full crops and fine busi- ness prospects generally. If we deserve the blessing.s we receive, our happiness may be real. Medical Inquisition.— The doctors who live upon the medicines others eat are successful— if not in saving lives, at least in making a law that gives them a monopoly. They were not satisfied vrith keeping their patients in the dark with Latin prescriptions that put 25 per cent, of all drug money paid to druggists into their own pockets, besides exorbitant fees for services pretended; not satisfied with a tair showing of their "science" against so-called "quackery" and common sense, but they must be "protected," that is, must condemn as criminals, whoever differs from their schools of practice. Whoever practices now must hold diplomas from their school of colleges— must pass examinations at their board of inquisition. What does this mean ? That the women practitioners who have been debarred from the benefits of a class of medical schools and have been gradu- ated from others, must not attend to their own sex in times of need. These monopoly-diplo- mad men doctors must have all such delicate cases. There is profit and prestige in it that they cannot all'ord to lose. It means that liberal ideas upon heatih subjects must be crushed out and made dishonorable. The medical priest cratt must be honored and pat- ronized. It means that this same class of privileged dictators want a clear field, so that they can, with even greater impunity, destroy the sensitiveness and modesty of daughters, the purity of wives, and the honor of hus- bands and iatherB. They have in this act thrown down the gauntlet which they will find some not too cowardly to pick up. We expect, law or no law, to employ wliocver we please, if we need medical aiil in our fam- ily, but it will never be one who is inside of this iniiiuitoHs inquisition ring. The Mechanics' Institute will hold the clcM;lith Industrial K.vhilullon ill San Francisco this season. Application for space is now in order. Goods will be re- ceived July 25tli. Exhibition opens .Vugust Stii. This fair will lie called the California Centennial Exhibition, and every arrange- uieiit is making for a grand fair. tfitn (6avdcuiui). HINTS FOR THE MONTH. ■A-Ull illustratiou for this deiiartment 1~\ this month is a beautiful aquarium IW' and fountain suitable for iu-doors, 'rjJ a hall or conservatory, or for a ■;5? small yard, or a retreat in a large one. Our city florist, Mr. Mitchell, can fill orders for such. The care of an aquarium properly comes under the head of City Gardening as the plants it contains should not be the least attractive portion, and are quite essential to the health of the fishes, by absorbing the efiete matter and supplying fresh oxygen to the water. Many beau- tiful plants will grow quite as well rooted in the sand at the bottom and rising , above the water. Besides, "there is scarcely a weed to be found in any brook but may be safely transplanted to it — a i little washing and trimming being neces- ! sary to remove decaying matter," Want of space this month, only, prevents us from giving quite full directions how to proceed. X well-stocked aquarium is certainly a most beautiful and compan- I iouable object. In her "Familiar Talks," this month, our practical correspondent, "Snip," wants to know how to have good success in growing moss .and ferns in open air. ' The conditions most favorable will com- prise these essentials: X composted soil rich with vegetable mould; shade from the direct sun during the greater part of the daj'; a quiet atmosphere — wind is injurious to them; plenty of moisture — in fact, they should be completely satu- rated once a day, cither by plunging into water or by other means; the evener the temperature the better. In-doors, near a closed window, where the morning sun strikes them an hour or two, is the most favorable place. Our moss kept fresh as long us the bath was attended to reg- ularly, nearly two years, and the ferns did not grow stunted unti' the third year — and then we think only through ne- glect, while our family was away. A a little ammonia occasionally with the water, or the leeching of stable manure, should bo given to keep up the fertility , of the soil — or a portion of the soil may be removed from the stand or basket and fresh compost put in its place. A large warden case, where the moss , and ferns grow secluded from the change i of air, and are uniformly moist under tlic glass, of course, is still a better place for this class of plants. But the rules given above will prove quite successful with our ordinary hardy mosses and ferns, and nearly as satisfactory. As to the white mold upon rose buds and bushes, it is a cryptogamic growth, a sort of }ilaut-infusoria that is very bad in moist situations. We notice that rosi s growing in the full sunlight during tlu' entire day are less troubled than tin same varieties which grow where parti.'il ly shaded. We ki;it>w of no absoliitr remedy against this white mould. Jack- son Lewis, of San Juse, who has Ihr finest collection of flowers in the State, has paid a good deal of attention to this blight, and tried numerous experiments, but finds that dusting often with the . flour of suljihur is as good as anything ho can do. The Giant of Battles seems to be worse infested than any other vari- ety. The green aphis is a very annoying pest in a flower garden. A thorough dusting of the trees or ))lants infested with dry slacked lime, as often as the aphides make their aijpearunce, seems to California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. be about as effective as anything, where UflBe has not the time to make clean work ^th snuff or tobacco smoke or sulphur "fumes. The same treatment for slugs is also good; but, of course, a thorough hunt evening ami morning, with a dish to put them in for final scalding, is still better. The woolly nphis, which infests apple trees and some others, can be best exter- minated by a strong soap-suds of whale- oil soap, or of strong common suds -n-ith some kerosene or carbolic acid mixed in. Tie a swap on a pole or broom-handle, and make clean work if you can. The roots of infested trees can be helped by the application of a bushel of gas-house hme spaded all about the roots. The scale bark-louse is temble on or- ange trees, the oleander and several other trees and plants. The same wash, with the addition of a little blue stone, will, after a few applications, get the best of them. If one has but a few trees it will pay to handle them for such insects and gn'ibs as are enemies to the garden. I've thonght when a neighbor's wife or child wss carried away, That to have no luHS was gain; but now, I can hardly say; He seems to possess them still, under the ridges of clay. And share and share in a life is, somehow, a diflerent thing From a property held by deed, and the riches that oft take wing; I feel 80 close in the breast!— I think it must be the sirring. I'm drying np like a brook when the woods have been ck-ared around; You're sure it must always run, you are used to the sight and sound. But it shrinkH till there's only left a stony rut in the ground. There's nothing to do but take the days as they come and go. And not to worry with thoughts that nobody likes to show, Harvest Song. O thanks for the bountiful harvest. And thanks far the joy that It bring; The harvest of hay fron: the meadows, Where the bobolink cheerily sings. O thanks for the com, bright and golden. And thanks for the wheat and the grain, For the bountiful, bountiful harvests. That add to the harvester's gain. We rejoice in the fruits of the spason. For the apple, the peach an)bngo, (We've an Irishman's "tooth" just now) John Reed's IMEusings. BY BAYARD TAYLOR. SEE, as I lean on the fence, how wearily 11- trudges Dan, 11^ With the feel of spring in his bones, like a . weak and elderly man; I've had it many a time, but we must work when we can. But day after day to toil, and ever from sua to sun, . , ,i 1 Though up to the season's front and nothing be left undone, , , . . Is ending at twelve like a clock, and oegmmng again at one. The frngs make a sorrowful noise, and yet it's the time they mate; There's something comes with the spring, a lightness or else a weight; There's something comes with the spring, and it seems to me it's fate. It's the hankering after a life yon have never learned to know; Ifs the discontent with a life that is alwaysthus and so; , . Ifs the wondering what we are. and where we are ecing to go. My life is Incky enough, I fancy, to most mens For thTmore a family grows, the oftener some one dies, , , .. , ., And it's now run on so long, it couldn t be other- wise. And sister Jane and myself, we have learned to claim and yield; She rules in the house at will, and I in the barn and field, „ .^^ , So, nigh upnn thirty years!-asjf written and signed and sealed, I couldn't change if I would; I've lost the how and the when; u .i,. One day my time will be up, and Jane be the mistress then. For single women are tough and live down the Bingle men. She kept jne so to herself, she was always the stronger hand. r . i j And my lot showed well enough, when I looked around in the land; , . , .. ■♦ But I'm tired and sore at heart, and I don t quite understand. I wonder how it had been if I'd taken what others need. The plague, they say, of a wife, the care ot a younger brood? TTj-t-u If Edith Pleasanton new were with me as t-tutn Eeed ? Suppose that a son well grown were there in the place of Dan, And I felt myself in bira, as I was when my work began! I should feel no older, sure, and certainly more a man. A daughter, besides, in the house; nay, let there |. be two or three I J] We never can overdo '.he luck that can never be,— And what has come to the most might also have come to me. For people so seldom talk of tnings they want lo know. There's times when the way is plain, and every- thing nearly right. And then, of a sudden, you stand like a man with a cloudea sight; A bush seems often a beast, in the dusK of the falling night. I must move; my joints are stiff; the weather is breeding rain; And Dan ia huraying on with his plow-team up the lane. I'll go to the village store; I'd rather not talk to Jane. And what we don't want for the table Will be food for the nag and the cow. We've a relish for the sweet potato, As well as for the Irish kind; And to eating of the "Grant" tomato Our habits and tastes are inclined. 'Tis a fact— and none will deny it— That much of our living is bread; Were it not for the habit of eating. The life that now is would be dead. O thankp for the bountiful harvest! And thanks for the joy that it brings! We rejoice in the gifts of Katnre, Whence much of our happiness springs. G-o IXTork Upon a Farm. Will 8. Hays, the eminent Southern song writer and compober, has published a song en- titled "Go and Learn a Trade." Justatthis time, with factories and shops closing up, and mechan- ics begging for bread in Bomc sections of the country, it seems to me that wuch asong is quite out of place. In view of this fact, I beg to offer your readers the following agricultural song: The song I sing to you to-day 1b nut to learu a trade; For I am sad the truth to say — That song aside is laid. The milts are running on half-time, The shops give forth no noise, And it is hard to (Ind a dime Among the 'preutice boys. Chorus— 'I he song that I shall sing to you Your troubled hearts will caliu; If you have nothing else to do, "Go work upon a farm." The stores arc filled with idle clerks. Because the times are dull; And he his duty plainly shirks— When shops and mills are full— Who seeks tu learn a trade, or t«Dd The counter of a store. In hopes tho future yet will scad A fortune to his door. Chorns — Ah, vain are all such hopes as tbcBC, That surely end Id harml Don't seek to i^it 'ncath shady trees — ••Go work upon a farm.'* Oh! why should men in cities pine, Or idly stay iu town? Why loaf aoout, and rroHsly whine That ••things are upside down;" Can this briug bread to wile and child. And make the futun.- bright? Can this turn the weather mild. Or furnish heat and light'/ Chorus— feueh men shouM listen to my . ong. And in it hud a charm; It tells them how to t'et "long— "Go work upon a farm." Let no man starve for want of bread — The product of the soil — Fur all can stiU he amply fed. Who will but shaft- the toil— The honest, nianlv t-iil tha» br ngs The harvest season round, When the glad larmer K»>»i s ngs, Because of inhtful grouud. Chorus— This, then, shall be the song we sing. The whole world to alarm. And loudly let the choius ring— "Go work upon a farm." —[Sidney Herbert, in Semi-Tropical. A Farmer's Song. We envy not the princely man, In city or iu town. Who wonders whetht-r pumpkin vines Run up the hill or down; We care net fi r his marble halls. Nor yet his heaps of gold — We would not own his honlid heart For all his wealth thrice told. We are the favored ones of earth, We breathe p\ire air each morn; We sow; we reap the golden grain; We gather in the com; We toil: we live on what we earn. And more than this we do — We hear of st.irving millionH rouud, And gladly feed them too. The lawyer lives on princely fees. Yet drags a weary life; He never knows a peaceful hour — His atmosphere is strife. The merchant thumbs his ynrd-stick o'er. Grows ragged at his toil; He's n-it the man God meant him for — Why don't you till the soil? The doctor plods through storm and cold. Plods at his patient's will; Wben dead and gone he plods again To get his lengthy bill. The printer (bless his noble soul!) He grasps the mighty earth. And stamps it on our daily sheet, To cheer the farmer's hearth. We sing the honor of the plow. And honor to the press — Two noble instruments of toil. With each a power to bless. The bone, the nerve, of this fast age. True wealth of human kind — One tills the ever generous earth. The other tills the mind. -[Boston Investigator. Treat laboring man and beast well. 84 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, ^\m\^ Mil ^ub. SHEEP AND GOAT BUSINESS KELATIVELY CONSIDERED. (ftj T may ! 11 tbis at as taught iron, experience in this.State, j is at tUi^day. _But few of <^e imported | the^eeks^e^asal^ju^^ are in favor of lest breeds and cu/Hrated goats have proven to be of much value farnis. Under proper cultivation, laud to breeders who understand their busi- ■will support from four to ten head more just •ca — Sv'T may not seem exactly fair to draw contrast that is so one-sided as is at the present time. But in v,^ uu,.sideration of the fact that within £2 three years some of the principal papers of the State decried the raising of Angora goats as something impractical, antf also how the sheep breeders would generally sneer at the business, we feel that the goat men have a right to crow, t a little, if they feel like it. There is now a general depressif n in the wool market all over the civilized world that is most discouraging, and that has a tendency to make the business of sheep breeding on a large sca'.e rather precarious. The price of sheep is cor- respondingly low, and the business does not pay at .-ill at present -in fact, many herds are sinking money. Returns from the manufactories East of prices ; aid for mohair of this year's clip, will equal that paid last year. Mr. Bailey has returns from the first lot of 800 pounds, sent early, which prove this. Probably next month we will be able to present "full returns. The prices of, and demaud for goats have never been more encouraging to breeders. The Robe and Glove Company, in San Jose, have press- ing orders that they can hardly fill— sev- eral from the Eastern States. An ad- vancing civilization must increase the de- maud for such goods as are produced from the skins and fleece faster than the supply can possibly increase for many years, even upon this coast, where they can beat the world. We have always favored this industry; indeed, the Angora goat has been the special pet of the Califoenia Agricul- TunisT, and we are more than ever enthu- siastic upon the subject, not from any pecuniary point, for we do not own nor have we an interest in a single goat, but on general principles. Wo would not condemn the sheep busi- ness by any means, and we advocate the hcst breeds, and the keeping of them where they can get plenty to eat daring the entire .sca.son. Tlie old way of keeping 10,000 sheep upon as many acres of un- cultivated lands, allowing them to fatten half the year and starve the other half, w-e never could see anything in to re- commend. A civilized sheep farm should consist of not only a hill or upland range, but of cultivated fields where alfalfa, and grain, and hay can be produced to supply good and (Miual feeding during the entire year. One hundred acres rightly managed will keep as many sheep as one thousand on the old plan, and produce twice as much wool to the animal, worth twice as much per pound as the ordinary clip. The sooner the wild, uncivilized, slip-shod slieeji-raising is exploded the better for the country. If sheep are well fed during the entire year, one long clip will pay better than the two-clip system now in vogue. The reason why sheep are sheared twice each year is not that an extra growth in this climate justities it, but because the starv- ing process during a portion of the year ld farm was thought to be worn out, but it really was only packed so tight for ten (u- twelve inches deep that the water and corn roots could not enter it, and in dry weather it cracked as deep, or decjier, than your adobe soils. My friends thought me foolish when I obtained the place, and were still more worried when I kept a man. with a good ti'am, at work nearly all summer preparing sixteen acres for corn the next season: yet they changed their minds when Ihcy saw the biggest crop of corn, by nearly 31) bushels, that the Boise Brule bottom had ever pru- dueed. The driver's work, board and horse feed, to summer-fallow the land, cost me a trifle over $1) JJer acre. The California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. crop netted me, at my storehouse on the river bank, nfter paying freight to New Orleans and commission, $139 25 per acre, and the result couiirms me in my old notion that "whatever is worth do- ing, is worth doing well." I am aware that California, as well as our Oregon farmers, think that, owing to the high price of farm labor, they must exj^end as little work as possible, and "Subscriber" sounded the key-note to his argument when he spoke of the extra power required to plow deep; yet I still think that thorough farming will pay in either State. I would not advise rash or reckless experiment, but would say. Go slow until, by a series of small and careful experiments, you are sure you are right, and then go ahead. I like the vim in "Subscriber's" letter, and would not give a fig for the content- ed individual, whether farmer or me- chanic,— yet contentment is said to be the main source of happiness, and is supposed bj' many to be a rare Cbristiim virtue. But give me the man who is al- ways trying, judiciously, to soar to some- thing better — the discontented, restless mind that is trying to make two spears of grass grow where but one grew before, and when he has made the discovery is willing to impart it to others — that's the man for me. He is worth}' the honor due to a public benefactor. Yet we all should be cautious about too hasty eon- elusions from imperfect experiments. I heard of a new importation from Ire- land trying a feather bed bj' placing a feather upon a rock and reposing there- on. In the morning he condemned feather beds as very hard institutions. I know of a professor in a medical college who had heard of using medicine hypodermically soon after the discovery was made, but knew not how to use it. Meeting with a case where an ano- dyne was indicated, the professor poured a quantity of sulphate of morphia into his hand, made a strong solution, and then, with his syringe, administered the dose. The patieut went to sleep in spite of all efforts to keep him walking, and never awoke. The professor was loud in condemnation of this valuable discov- ery; but had he known that a quarter of a grain was a dose, and governed him- self accordingly, the result would have beendifferent. I do not give the latter illustrations to • ridicule "Subscriber, but only as a cau- tion against imperfect experiments and hasty conclusions. Business is too pressing to allow me to write a lengthy argument, or the hund- redth part of my observations on the universal success of deep and thorough culture, with rotation of crops, in the different States. If "Subscriber" will continue his ex- periments nine, or eighteen years longer, he will have more experience from which to form mature conclusions, and may possibly change his mind. Salem, Oregon, May, 1876. Califoksia Aoricultukist. — We are in receipt of the 4th and 5th numbers of the Cal. AcnifCLTURisT and Live Stock .TOUKNAL. published at San Jose, Califor- nia. The contents are of the ablest and most interesting character, and the typo- graphical appearance is of the first order. The publication is an honor to San Jose, a credit to the State, and is excelled by but few in the country. The proprietors deserve a liberal patronage from the people of the coast, and we doubt not will receive it. We advise our agricul- tural readers to subscribe for the Agki- cuLTUKisT. — Xevada Transcripi, May 9. The Xiatcr Saten. AN ORIENTAL COMIC KJTCHEH 80N0. Onco on a time, in Ispahan There reigned a very remarkable man. Who crammed every day in hi8 gaping maw A wliole stuflFed lamb, ijesides a pillau CuriouBly made of peacoeks' gizzards, Sourpions, suailu, and tails of iizardB; Oil! wasn't this a deal too bad Of Kama lirama Amerazad ? He fried an elephant cut in steaks; He potted two liuudred black-ringed snakes; He stewed a zebra, boiled a boar- Liked the last, and polished off four; Scalloped a sea-cow, fried a whale. Framed a dish from a tiger's tail. Oh! wasn't this a deal too bad Of Kama Brama Amerazad ? A regular shark at calves and cows. He cleared the meadow and gutted the house; All the week ate fowls in flocks, '1 ill the farmers tore their hair in shocks. Ispahan was filled with sheep Night and day, till never a sleep The people got — a deal too bad Of Rama BlTma Amerazad. It was getting serious. Kama now Looked on men with a thoughtful brow. If a fat pasha came to dine. He eyed him gloomily over his wine. He pinched fat children. Worse and worse. He even pinched the family nurse! He'd soon turn cannibal — oh! the bad. Naughty Rama Amerazad ! At last the raljble grew red-hot mad, So rapidly Rama went to the bad; They sturmed the palace and killed the k ng- lu a pot he soon was simmering; They baked him then in a mighty pie: And didn't they gobble him—oh, my eye! A very good end for one so bad As Rama Brama Amerazad. FAMILIAR TALKS— No. I I. BY SNIP . igl CONGRATULATE you, friend n [ Herring, upon your success with J (. moss and ferns. My experience Ss\ has been just the opposite. The Sj moss won't stay green, and the ferns do anything but grow and keep fresh. A poor little insignificant-looking leaf comes up, and when it is about an inch high it dies and .another comes. What do you suppose is the reason':'* BLIGHT ON KOSE BUSHES. What shall I do with my rose bushes? They grow well, but the leaves are cov- ered with what seems to be a white mould. Many of the buds do not come to maturity, and there has not been a perfect flower on them since they were set out, more than three years ago. Other roses are growing here that are perfectly healthy. "a FASHIONABLE WOMAN'S LAMENT" awoke — well, hardly a sympathetic chord, for I spent to-dny three hours ironing a dress (I dare not tell how long I was making it), and when I finished, aching hands, throbbing head and tired feet forced me to resolve that never again ■would I make a dress " in the fashion," and spend so much time and energy all for — what? I do not know how some women can do so much of such work and do necessary work too. To the majori- ty of women the sewing machine is no help whatever. CLEANING TIN. "How bright your boiler looks," said some one to me not long ago, referring to the water boiler that I use instead of a tea-kettle. I had forgotten to wash it in the morning, and just rubbed it off with a dry cloth. I was surprised my- self, but since then I have done no scour- •See remarks under City Gardening Depart- ment. ing on tinware, unless it is burned. I use a cotton cloth, but am not sure but woolen would be better. DOCGHNCTS. I have been looking in vain for the receipt for those doughnuts that "Mary Mountain" praised so highly. Why did she not send it for the benefit of the readers of the Aoeicltdubist? Here are two that I think are good. First: one half cup of buttermilk or sour milk, the same of cream and sugar, two eggs, cue teaspoonful of soda, salt and spice. Sec- ond; one and a half cups of sugar, two tablespooufuUs of butter, too eggs, one quart of flour, three teaspoonfuls of yeast powder, milk enough to roll oiit ■without any more flour. COOEIES. One cnp of sour cream, one cup of sugar, half a teaspoonful of soda, flavor to suit. CONTRIBUTED RECIPES. Oriifinal, or Such ax Have Been Piovecl Good Iiy Trial. APPLE CAKE. Chop rather fine three cups of dried apples and soak over night in two cups of molasses; stew for half an hour; when cold add one cup brown sugar, one cup butter, three eggs, three cups flour, one cup raisins, two teaspoonfuls allspice, two teaspoonfuls cinnamon, one and ft half teaspoonfuls cloves, one nutmeg, one teaspoonful of soda, and two of cream of tartar. Citron and currants may be added. COCOANUT CAKES. Kemove the rind from a cocoanut and grate it; add one pound of white sugar and the white of one egg whipped to a stiff froth ; mix with the hands as quickly as possible, and make into siUiiU cakes the size of a large walnut and bake on buttered paper placed upon a buttered tin. COCOANUT CRACKERS. To one pint of oatmeal add one gill of fresh cocoanut or two-thirds of a gill of dessicated cocoanut, and one gill and two tablespoonfulsof water; roll into one eighth of an inch thick; cut into fancy shapes with cake-cutters, and bake in a very slow oven, so that the will dry out rather than bake. TAIOCA AND PEACH PUDDING. To one cup of tapioca add three and a half cups of boiling water, and let it stand half an hour. Mix with it one and a half pints of sliced canned peaches sweetened to taste; ornament the top with fanciful designs in blanched almonds and raisins; bake three-quarters of an i hour in a white nappy, covering the top ; with paper to prevent scorching. Serve ' cold in the same dish. j JELLIED GRATE. I Cook one half pint of rice half an hour , in three half pints of water; strain three ] pints of cooked Isabella or Concord I grapes; add them to the rice; cook an- ; other half hour; sweeten to taste, and serve cold in a glass dish. COCOANUT BREAD. 1 To three halt pints of Graham flour and three tablespooufuls of cocoanut, add half a pint of cold water: when well mixed, knead on a board untd little flour is left on .iie board, say fifteen minutes; make into rolls two inches thick and eight long; b.ake from thirty to forty minutes in a moder.ate oven; when quit* cold, cut and serve in thin slices. i FRrrr bread. Make as above ; roll out to the size of a dinner plate and half an inch thick, cover with stoned-dates, blanched raisins and chopped figs, then roll upon itself, fasten the ends, bake one hour, cut into slices when cold. TO CLEAN GABMENTS. Wet a sponge in warm water, and squeeze it out till dry; then sponge one place after another until all the garment has been cleansed. All the dust and soil will be absorbed by the sponge. But if the garment is very much soiled, wash the sponge in clean water several times, squeezsng it as dry as possible by wrap- ping it in a piece of black alpaca. Tnis method of cleansing is more effectual than a hand-brush, and many spots will disappear by the use of pure water. nSH OHOWDEB. Slice ten potatoes and three onions, the latter very thin ; cut four thin slices of pork and fry brown, then lay them in the bottom of the kettle, covering them with a layer of any fresh fish cut in slices: pepper and salt; add a layer of the pota- toes and onions, which should be previ- ously well soaked in cold water; now add another layer of the fish, salt and pepper as before, covering this time with a layer of pounded or broken soda-crackers; add another layer of the vegetables, cover with crackers, let it boil briskly a half- hour; add a cup of rich milk and dish. EHITIABB PIE. Take off the thin skin, cut the stalks in small pieces, add a little flour, and place it between two covers. When the paste is done remove the top crust and add sugar and butter, mixing them thorough- ly with the rhubarb. I'ut the top crust on again and serve warm. Other season- ing may be added if desired. Khubarb pies made in this way do not run over and waste their sweetness in the oven, BOB AX FOE W.1SHING. The use of borax in Europe for ■wash- ing is well known, the addition of a large handful of borax, instead of soda, to ten gallons of water being sufficient to save half the quantity of soap ordinarily re- quired. For light fabrics and cambrics a moderate quantity is to be used; but for articles which require to be mode stiff a strengthened solution is necessary. Being a neutral salt, it docs not affect th.3 texture of linen in the slightest degree ; and as it softens the hardest water, it is much used in washing generally. GINGER PUDDIKO. Two eggs, one-half cup of sugar, one- half cup water, one-half cup milk, three teaspoons yeast powder in two cups flour, butt«r the size of a hen's egg, two tea- spoons of ginger. Steam in a covereil pudding-dish two hours, to be eaten hot with sauce. CLAM CHOWDEB. One quart-can of clams, one qnart- bowl of raw potjitoes pared and cat in slices, one quart-bowl filled with sliced onions, a slice of sweet salt pork as large as your hand cut in strips and fried to a crisp, butter the size of an egg, salt and pepper to taste, three pints of boiling water. Draw off the liquor from the clams and mix it with the above, and in fifteen or twenty minutes add the clams, some crackers or toasted bread, and boil up once and serve. "Press On." Press onl Ton're rusting while you stand; Inaction will not do: Take life'f email bundle in yonr band. And budge it briskly through. Jump over all the "ifs" and "bats;" There's always some kind hand To lift life's wagon o'er the ruts. And poke away the sand. 94 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 101)0 and (Sivljsi, Trust. Searching for strawberrieB ready to eat, FindiBg tbem fragrant and liirge and bweet, What do yon think I found at my feet, Deep in the ^reen hill side ? Four young sparrows, the cunning things. Feathered on back and breast aud wings. Opening their four mouths wide. Slooping lower to watch my prize. Watching tlieir motious with eager eyes, Dropping my berries with glad surprise, A plaintive snund I heard; And looking up at the mournful call, I spied OD a branch, near the old stone wall, Tne poor little mother bird. With g:*ief and terror her heart was wrung, And while to the slender boughs she hung, She felt that the lives of her birdlings hung, On a still more slender thread. "Ah, birdie," I said, "if you only knew That my heart was tender aud warm and true!" But the thought that I loved her birdlings too Never entered her small round head. And so through this world of ours we go, Bearing our burdens of needless wue. Many a heart beating heavy and slow Under its load of care; But oh! if we only, only knew I'hat God was tender and warm and true, Aud that He loved us through and through, Our hearts would be lighter than air. Dot Xiambs Sffary Kaf Got. Mary liaf got a leetle Iambs already; Dose vool vos vite like Hbnow; Und efery times dot Mary did Tend oiid Dot lambs veut also oud, mit Mary. Dot lambs dit follow Mary von day of der (sbsohool hoiipe, Vich vos obbosition to der rules of der shscliool master. Also, vich it dit caused dose sohillen to sclimile oud loud , Ven dey dit saw dose lambs on der inside of der shschool house. Und zo dot shchoojmaster dit kick der lambs gwick oud; Likewise dot lambs dit loaf around on der out- outsides, Und dit shoo der flies mit his tail off patiently aboud — Undil Mary dit come also from dot shchool house oud. I'n den dot lambs din run right avay gwick to Mary, fnd dit make his bet on Mary's arms, Like he would f^aid, "I doud was scared, Mary would kept me from all dhroubles ena- how." **Vot vos der reason aboud it, of dot lambs und Mary?" Dose scliillen dit ask it, of dot shchoolmapter; "Veil, dond you know it, dot Mary lofe dose lambs already ?" Dot shchoolmaster dit said. "OUR CORNER.' £ UNT POLLY is happy to greet her % dear nieces and nephews again. L Isn't June a real sweet month? . ,'(rf May was ushered in with blooming Yi^ roses and has gone out in fragrance. June, with a brighter sun, and just as many sweet and beautiful flowers, shows also the promise of fruits. Look at the little baby apples and pears hanging among the leaves that almost hide them. The peaches, too, are the color of the leaves, but in another month or two they will begin to show some signs of ripeness. Tlio cherries! Oh, the lus- cious cherries that little children and birds love so much, are now full ripe, and Oh! so refreshing to eat, and so pretty to look at as they hang down on their long stems. Out in the fields the gr.iss has grown to its full size, and the men are mowing and making the fra- grant hay. See the wheat and barley and oats, with full-grown heads, waving in the wind and reflecting the sun so prettily! The hills are turning brown with many colored flowers, and soon will fade to a dry look for the want of rains. So with suiiiiner comes bciiutv: and as ripeness grows the color of wild flowers and gi'een grass fades to a russet brown. Then the fruits of the earth and the grains that feed us all mature, aud man and beast and bird eat of the good things and praise the Giver of all good for the blessings that are provided for all of God's creatures. And now Aunt Polly wants you to read this nice little story that she has selected for you all; A TALK WITH BFETIE ABOUT THE DRAIN. "I guess crackers don't grow, do they, auntie?" said Bertie, as he took one in his little chubby hand for his lunch. "No; the man makes them and puts them in the oven and bakes them as Mary Ann bakes her bread." "What does the man make them of ?" "He makes them of wheat. Here is some wheat. This grows in a field on a stalk as high as your head, all wrajjped in little husks at the top of the stalk. When it is ripe the man cuts down the stalks aud shells out the v.heat with a big threshing machine, .and theu it looks like this. After that it is taken to the mill and ground very fine. Wait, ;ind I will grind some for you in the coftee- mill; there it is ground up finer than that, and theu the baker makes it into crackers and bakes them." "Well, the stufl' they make the crack- ers of grows, then, doesn't it?" "0, yes. I told you the other day that all our food grows out of the ground in some way. There is a great deal of this wheat grown, and when it is ground into flour it is made into bread and cake and puddings, and many other things that we eat. There are also other kinds of grain that we raise aud use in the same way." Bertie ate a little while in silence, look- ing now at the crackers, and now at the wheat. At last he said: "Well, auntie, they can't make any bad drink out of this, can they? Because, you see, it is all hard and dr}'." "Yes, Bertie, it is hard and dry, but they wet it and soak it up, and I am sorry to say they do make a great deal of bad drink out of some kinds of grain." "What kinds of grain?" "Rye, for one, and corn and barley and even of wheat." "What is rye, auntie?" "Well, it looks a good deal like wheat, only it is not so large." "Is it good to eat?" "Yes; we make it up with cornmeal into rye and Indian bread, and some people make it into bread by itself. Then it is good for food; but when it is fermented and spoiled for food, it makes a very bad drink." "Oh, yes; now I remember; that was in the little verse you taught me a long while ago, "I was made to he eaten. And not to be drank; To be ground in a mill. And not soaked in tank." "I am glad you remember it. Y'ou may say it all if you can." So he repeated it all very prettily, and then he went ofi' to plaj' in his little gar- den. After a while he came back to me with a very serious face and said: "Auntie, what would it do to me if I should drink the cracker?" "What do you mean, Birtic?" "Why, when I was sick mamma put a cracker into a cup with some hot water and sugar and milk, aud when it was soft I ate it, and then I driiuk up the water, and some of the cracker, too." "Well, it didn't hurt you, did it?" "No, I guess not; but why didn't it if I drank it instead of eating it?" "Boc;iuso you did not let it stand and rot; that's what makes the difference. When they make it into a bad drink, they let it sprout, and that makes it sweetish ; and then they grind it or mash it. and soak the sweetness all out into the water; and theu they let it stand aud rot, aud that is what spoils it. Y^ou wouldn't eat your soaked cracker if it should stand till it was sour and spoiled, would you? Don't you know how quickly mamma sent away from the table the stewed berries that were sour?" "Oh, yes; audi remember the old lady at the hotel last summer who went away from the house because the cold beans that she sent for were sour." "So you see people do not think of eacing rotten things, aud why should they drink them? It is the rotting that makes them poisonous. That is the waj' in which the poison alcohol gets into them." "And is there alcohol in everything that is rotten?" "No; only those things that have sugar in them. It is the rotting of the sugar that makes the alcohol. Rye whisky has a great deal of alcohol in it." "Whisky! Oh, yes, that is what papa called it. We saw a man on the street one day who acted very bad, and papa said that he had been drinking whisky. I wonder what made him drink it?" — Aunt JiiUa, in Touths' Temperance Ban- ner. OUR BUDGET OF LETTERS. Here are three nice little letters that I regret came to me too late to appear in Ma}'. Never mind, dears, if j'ou did not beat on the word "carpets." We have got some more chromos left and will give you a chance every month. I want you to write often as you can. You have done well any way, which is a credit mark to you. We will let Mary speak first : LivERMOBE, April, 1876. Dear Aunt Polly: I have tried again to see how many more words I could make out of "carpets." I succeeded in get- ing 1G9, which I send yoti. The answer to .Jennie's rebus is the letter M. It is splendid fun, I thiuk, to make out words. I hope you will give ns something to puzzle our minds every month. Y'our little niece. Mart C. That is just what Aunt Polly intends to do, Mary, and she hopes you will get the chromos yet. The first list was mis- laid, so that Aunt Polly doesn't know whether this new list contains the same words as the first one. If you have sent 334 Jilferent words, send you full name for the chromos. Now hear what our little Tillie says: Milpitas, April, 1876. Dear Aunt Polly: I look for the Agri- culturist every mouth with as much in- terest as the best farmer in the State, not that I read all about horses and cows, but I do love to read the letters your nieces and nephews write to you. I have tried how many words I could make Ijy using the letters in "carpets," and how well I have succeeded — 174 words — you must judge for yourself. I will write to you often if you will let me, and sometimes I might have a puzzle to send. Tillie. We are looking for your puzzle, Tillie. Send it along. And now who that reads Jennie's let- ter will say she is not smart? She came within one of earning the pair of chro- mos, and considering that a boy got them, and Jennie sent the largest list of any girl, I shall send her a pair of chro- mos, too. Isn't that right? Aunt Polly thinks so. Liveumohe, April, 187(>. Annl Polly: I !UU sorry 1 did not get to write sooner and send the answers to the | puzzles, but I have been aTay from home and could not. I hope I am not too late for a chance to get the pictures; but I have not the least hopes of getting them, for there are so many words can be formed from the letters in the word "car- pets." I thiuk the answer to Willie's enigma is Washington Irving, and to Tommy's, California Agriculturist .AND Live Stock Journal. [Right.] Hoping I have not sent these in too late, I will close, and remain, Y'our niece, Jennie D. P. S. — I have succeeded iu getting 313 words from "carpets.' J. D. Send your full name, Jennie, and get the chromos. Here comes a letter from little Georgie Jewell, who is only 7 years old, written by herself without any help from any- body : San Jose, May, 1876. Aunt Polly: I have anew little brother. He is so cunning. He was born the day after the opening of the Centennial Ex- hibition. We have moved on Ninth street. We had a little dog at first, and then we had a little kitten. We made a garden and thought the dog would dig the garden up and break the flowers o2', and so we gave him away. The kitten was given to us just when we gave the dog away. The kitten would cry all the time, and so we gave it away as we did the dog; and when we gave the kitten away we had a babj'. We have got some little chickens, too. And that is the way we go along now. So good-by. I can't stop to write any more to-day; I must go and change my dress now to go out. Y'ours, truly, Georgie Jewell. Aunt Polly hopes, Georgie, that you will help mamma with the baby all you can, and tell us next time all what you do every day to help her. Here is the letter that Walter Rose promised a long time ago. Better late than never, Walter; but best never late: Spring L.\ke, May, 1876. Dear Aunt J'oHy: My sister, Willa, thinkp I am too little a boy to write you, but I know I can if she can. If she is bigger and older than I am, she needn't think that, bec:iuse she is a girl, she can do what a boy can't. I'll just show her, if I do make mistakes, and don't write the best of letters now. That is nothing. I am not always going to be a little boy, I reckon. She did not tell you that we used to live away oft' in Southern Arkansas, right close to where lots of wild Indians lived. We used to be dreadfully afraid of them sometimes. Sometime, Aunt Polly, I will tell you about my big Newfouudland dog, Dick, a splendid great fellow of a dog, who loved Willa and me so much; how two big Kansas rattlesnakes bit him once; how somebody at Wichita, Kansas, stole him ; then how papa lost him at last. Then about our little Kansas kitten that Auntie Lottie killed aud then brought to life with mamma's machine oil can, sweet oil and cream, and about mine and Willa's two little bossy cows, and little pig that auntie gave us; and — oh! ever so many things more, .\unt Polly, if you think you can spend time to read the letters of a little boy like me. Don't ex- pect the editor of that paper (I forget what its name is) will print them, but I don't care; maybe some day, when I am bigger and have gone to school lots, he will like my letters for his paper. Oh! I forgot. Santa Glaus didn't have very much for sister and mo this year, because, you see. Aunt Polly, there were ever so many very poor little boys and girls iu this place, and he hadn't California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 95 money enough to get all ef us as much as Vie would like to have. But papa and mamma sa3'3 times will be better after a while, and then the children will all fare better. But we had lots of fun anyhow with our presents, and ever so many nice things mamma cooked for ns to eat. I expect there is lots of terribly poor children everywhere who had no good things to eat or nice things at all. I am real sorry, Aunt Polly, aren't you? Jly name name is Walter Eosk. Aunt Polly thinks that the girl who writes the following letter is a pretty large one, but she is just as welcome as long as she has a good word for all of us and thinks so much of the Agricul- TUEisT. The editor never objects to hav- ing a good word spoken for the paper. Editors are so much like proud girls — thej' like flattery. I wonder if our editor ever reads his own paper, and if he will see that Aunt Polly has dared to talk so about him. But listen to Kitty Hart: Salinas, May, 187G. Dear Aunt Polly: There are lots of peo- ple here who take the AgeicultuiiIst, and I hear what some of them say about it which you might like to know. My aunt Jane says she wants me to bring her the February number of the Agki- COLTUKIST, for there she saw a receipt for making cream cake which Mattie Sargi nt tried one day and gave her some to taste. She wishes her folks took the paper, and she hopes they will some time, for Mattie says sho's tried a good many receipts from it and finds them good. A boy I know says he always reads the funny things in Aunt Polly's '■Corner," and wishes there were more. He would write to her himself if he knew anything good enough. Our hired man says to me, "Kitty, fetch the agricultur- al paper and see what it says about feed- ing calves. We've got one whose mother died afore it was big enough to drink." Mother says she could not keep house without the Ageicultueist no how; 'cause why, she finds so many useful things there ; and then it rests her to read about what • 'Jewell" writes on health, and the rest of the ladies about other things. Jim likes the poetry best, and learns pieces to speak at school. I learned one once, and I heard a lady read one poem from it at a church sociid. Sister Annie likes the gardening part, and says she is so glad she knows how to fix hanging baskets, she wants one in our best parlor. Farmer Brown, who lives near us, was talking to store-keeper Brown on the church steps, last Sunday, and he say, "Did you see Dr. Scott's article in the May number of the Agei- cultueist? It is worth reading. Fact is, that paper, every month, contains ar- ticles worth more than the whole year's subscription." My aunt Hatty came along just then, and says she, "Yes, and the cutest part on't is, that it is temper- ance clear through. If you know any- body around here who don't take it, for goodness' sakes lend 'em a copy." Now I've told j'ou enough; I was only going to write a few words to send with two subscriptions I collected for you. . In- closed you will find the names, and the money I'll send next time, when I get more. Yours, truly, Kitty Haet. Aunt Polly thanks the Lompoc Record for noticing one of her nephews. Char- ley Tucker must be a good boy to merit such. words. This is what the paper says : "Among the correspondents of the Agriculturist, we notice the name of Cbarlej' Tucker, who is also the author of a word puzzle. Good for Charley! Reading, writing and thinking make a useful and well-posted man." A MISCHIEVOUS PET. Thinking an item from this locality would bo of interest, I add a few lines. This part of Shasta county is a very poor tract of country — no orchards, flowers, or anything calculated to make life en- durable. Mr. Lendrum, on his way to Oregon with Angora goats, iiassed through here, and left a Kid of that breed with Mr. Warner, ou Pit river. It is one of the most mischievous animals I ever saw. An out-door cuiiboard is a favorable climbing place for him, overturning jars of yeast, scattering seeds, and other potty mischief. One day, while Mrs. W. went out of the house for a short time, leaving the door open. Captain Kid must needs walk in and pull out a pan of bread from the oven, and devour half of it before she returned. Ho was fully impressed with the idea that he had a right to all the edibles he could get hold of. He helped himself liberally to strawberry vines, the best potatoes, and, I firmly believe, made away with some horserad- ish that we were trying to stiirt. He seemed to have a discriminating taste, for he ate holes into the mellowest squashes, and corn fodder laid away for the cow had special attractions, together with the grain and hay, to and from which he had more exits and entrances than the squirrels. Seeing the board fence did not prevent him from going over, we laid boards on top, but he had three or four passages soon made under- neath. He thought more of taking his naps on the nice, clean beds than on the cold, cold ground, at least when no one was around to tend to him. He kept Mrs. W. in a lively state of terror walking all over the braces on the bridge, for fear he would tumble in and got drowned. Taking it altogether, we want to know if there is anything (a mule excepted) with a subUmer cheek than an Angora goat. Y'our journal is a most excellent one, and we would not do without it. Your outside cover cannot be beat for beauty, and as an example of woman's work is a powerful argument. Youi-a, truly, T. J. Pilkixgton. Burgottville, May, 187U. GRANDMA'S TALKS- Easy Lessons from Nature— No. 5. Good morning, children! So you have been having a gay time in the gar- den and woods this morning. How do I know it? Why, you have brought both into the room with you. Don't you be- lieve me, Johnny? How else should I know where you have been? Y'es, in- deed, you bring with j'ou the perfume of violets from the garden, bay leaves from the woods, and mint from the brook-side. iSee, then, how many outside "atoms" you have unconsciously brought to me. Y'ou want me to show you one single atom all by itself, do you, Lucy? Well, let us try to do that. Here I have a microscope to help our eyes to see smaller things than we can with the "naked eye" (as we call using the eye without the help of magnifying glasses). Here are two things which look very much alike : this finest of cambric needles and the sting of a bee. But compare them under the microscope. The needle looks rough aud coarse, almost like a crowbar, and it seems to have lost its point; but the sting of the bee is as smooth and perfect to its shai-p tip al- though magnified as much as the needle. Do you think you can see the tinj' atom ou the very end of that point, Lucy? Here is a lump of sugar. You may pound it to powder in this little mortar, Johnny. Now we will place a few grains of this powder under the microscope. How coarse it looks! Don't you think, if we had the means, we could grind it up finer than that? Those are not atoms j'et, because atoms are such very, very small particles of matter that they can- not possibly be divided into two parts, and the smallest particle of sugar must contain an atom of each of the several substances which combine to make sugar. Now I will dip this needle into this glass of liquid which looks like water. 'Touch your tongue to the needle, John- ny, and tell mo what it is. How do you know it is lemonade? Oh! you can taste the lemon and sugar, can you? Then imagine, if you can, how small the atoms are in that tiny drop of lemonade to give enough of the water, lemon and sugar (each composed of various sub- stances) for you to taste distinctly. I will now rub some of this bright red paint, which we call carmine, upon this saucer. Now I will mix it with the water in this large pitcher. Do you see what a pretty color it has all become? The particles of carmine have separated and mingled with the water, and see how mi- nute they must be to color nearly a gal- lon of water. If you keep only one violet in a room, it will throw ofl' particles of perfume for days, and yet not grow smaller in size. So it is with musk, which has a strong perfume. I have read that one grain of musk will sent a room ten years and weigh as much as at first. Of course, particles of the musk are constsntly leav- ing the grain, but we cannot measure the loss. Thus you perceive that the very small- est particle of matter that you can see or taste or smell is made up of millions of smaUer ones which are composed of atoms of simple substances (these are substances which contain only one kind of matter) . Do you think, Lucy, that your ej-es have the power to see one single atom all by itself ? No, indeed, we cannot even imagine the smallness of an atom, neither can we really know the capacity of matter for being divided and sub-divided. This property, belonging to all matter, is called Diuisiliilily. You can remember that word easily, children, because every alternate letter in it, ex- cept the last ene, is an i. Y'ou are very much interested in that microscope, children, and well j'ou may be. There is really no end to the won- derful facts to be learned by the use of a microscope. When I was a little girl, I remember seeing a drop of water magni- fied by means of a solar microscope. The drop of water looked as large around as that centre table, and it was alive with creatures, some very small and some like monsters gobbling up everj-thing that came in their way. Now in that drop of water the naked eye could see no living thing, but by the aid of the microscope what curious and astonishing creatures appeared, swimming as freely in that one drop as fishes do in the ocean. You a.sk, Johnny, if all the water we drink is just like that, full of such fight- ing and gobbling creatures. It is proba- ble that all water contains living creat- ures, though I have been told that the microscope does not detect such quanti- ties in fresh water lit for drinking: stag- nant water, which is poisonous to us, contains the kind of creatures that I saw. But only think, chUdren, how small the atoms must be in those lively little bodies! Think, too, of the infinite Wis- dom which can plan and perfect such wonders ! FOR THE "CORNER." FROM JI. K. T. I am going to tell you a story about the same little Willie with whom I made i that contract. You may not see anything very funny in it, but I am sure you papa and mamma will laugh when they hear you read it. Willie was very fond of reading, and would stay in doors for hours quietly reading his favorite book, the New Tes- meut. Now, Willie was a poor reader, and a poor speller, too, for a boy eight years old. It happened about this time that a great political contention was going on, and the words "Democrat" and "Republican" were heard almost every day; besides Willie's infant mind had been fed on troubles arising from the spirit of partyism, and which had had the efi'ect of stamping upon his memory the importance of a party name. One day, after reading, ho sat apparently meditating upon the sacred pages before him, when suddenly a sober lace was raised and a solemn voice said, "Mam- ma, was Jesus a Democrat?" Mamma was both amused and astonished at so odd a question, but when she saw the earnest look upon his face she said, "Why do you ask?" "Because I have read where Jesus ate with Republicans and sinners, and I thought perhaps he might have been a Democrat." THE PUZZLE CORNER. The boy or girl that will send Aunt Polly the best original puzzle shall have three chromos; the one who will send the second best puzzle shaU have a pair of chromos, and the one who will send the third best shall have one chromo. Now, nephews and nieces, we want some original puzzles that it will be worth chromos to find out, and we want you all to see what nice puzzles yon can make to trj-e.ach other's skill. Typical Trees. For gouty people — the ache com. For antiquarians — the date. For school boys — the birch. For Irishmen — the och! For conjurers —the palm. For negroes — See dah ! For young ladies—the man go. For farmers — the plautiu'. For dandies — the spruce. For actors — the pop'lar. For physicians — syc a more. For J'OU wife — her will oh. For lovers — the sigh press. For the disconsolate — the pine. For sewing machine people — the hem- lock. For boarding house keepers— -'ash. Always on hand — the pawpaw. Who is this written for — vew. A Very Singular Sentence. "Satorarepo tenet opera rotas." 1. This spells bakward and forward all the same. 2. Then taking all the first letters of each word spells the first word. 3. Then all the second letters of each word spells the second word. 4. Then all the third, and so through the fourth and fifth. 5. Then commencing with the last let- ter of each word spells the last word. 6. Then the next to the last of each word, and so on through. Read the new advertisements on sec- ond page of cover. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Beneath the hair, there is developed, in the autumu, a short and exceedingly fine leool, from which the famous Cashmere shawls are fabricated." These descriptions prove conclusively (as I have elsewhere publicly claimed, without being disputed) that the Angora and the Cashmere are distinct and very diSereut breeds of goats, especially in the important particular of their fleece. The major portion of the world's pro- duction of mohair or Augora goat's fleece comes from Asia Minor. The imports into England alone now reach nearly seven million pounds annually. Consid- erable quantities are also produced at the Cape of Good Hope, and in Australia, while in our own country, California is beginning to compete with foreign pro- ducers. The Augora goat was first in- troduced to the Pacific Coast, in 18G1, by W, M. Landrum, who took across the plains some bucks of the Davis-Peters stock. The value of mohair, of a fair merch- antable quality, — discarding fictitious, inflated prices and coming down to "hard pan" — is now from GOc. to $1 20 per pound in England and the United States. Quotations in Liverpool, 77 to 78c., and 1)3 to Olc, gold, the last sum equivalent to SI 20 gold, it this country, after adding duties and expenses. Angora goats, mixed and pure, bring about the following prices in California: Ewes — half-breed, $1; three-quarter breed, $G; seven-eighth, $9; finer grades, $30; thoroughbreds, from $120 to $175 per head. Bucks — ^^mixed, about $30; first-class thoroughbreds, from $150 to $200 each. From these facts, it will be seen that this pursuit, though still in its infancy, has profit enough in it to give it a great outcome. The place to raise these goats, however, is not on the small farms of the Eastern and Middle States, nor in gen- tlemen's parks, gardens or lawns — for they will go "through such" — but on the waste lands and the wide ranges of the Pacific States and Territories, where the climate, herbage and other conditions are most favorable. One point particularly to be noticed in these animals, is that they feed on herb- age that sheep will not eat, and clean up the land for sheep. This makes them especially desirable as adjuncts to the sheep-raiser. In California, they say, in a flock of 1,000 sheep, kept by the same shipper, 500 goats additional can be easi- ly managed without taking from the food of the sheep, the goat eating the weeds and briars, and leaving the grass for the sheep. Sloves EHEAF,SSI!rilE7ASLE,SE!lVI5SASLE THE ANGORA 0. OF SAN JOSE, CAL., Are making a Specialty of Manufactur- ing ail styles of Gloves from the Angora Goat Skin, and claim for them: Ist.— They are cheaper "■ j buckskin yluves. 2(1.— The Bbins are tanned ■with the grain on. ami are very nearly water-proof, and when, by long exposure, they are wet, thoy dry out per- fectly Boft — as good as new. 3d. --They will out-wear the best buckskin gloves. 4th.— For a HARVF3T GLOVE, they have no equal. These articles are manufactured in all styles, from the cheapest Laboring Glove to the Finest Fur Gauntlet. Also, all descriptions uf PUES, EOBES, MATS, EUGS,Etc Which, for Beauty, Durability, and Cheapness, are inferior to none. Buckskin G-loves, Mittens, Etc., Ill all verikor. (Into L. FlNIOAN, i.f MiiryHVille.) F O FARMERS' UNION. {Successors to A. Phisiee ,t Co.) Cor. Second and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. CAPITAL - - • $100,000. WILLIAM ERKSON H. E. HILLS President. Manager. Wm. Erkson, L. F. Chipman, Horace Little, C. T. Settle, DIRECTORS I J. P. Dudley, David Campbell, James Singleton, E. A. Braley. and AGREEABLY SITUATED ON THE FOOT- hills in the WARM BELT, nine miles from San Jose, near Los (iatos. 2.-i acres in Cultiva- tion, fjS acres of Pasture and Live-Oak Ornve, SI) acresof Chaparral aiulWoodland; twoSpiings on the place. Thomas E. Snell. %^ Will do a General Mercantile Business. .\lso, receive deposits, on which such interest will be allowed as may be agreed upon, and make loans on approved security. J . M. MOOREHEAD Is now receiving the finest and most ele- gant line of MILLINEEY, FANCY GOODS, DENTISTS. Ollice:— 339 First street, San Jose. Dwelling House, Barn, Orchard, Gar- den, Well, '4 tJood Horses, One (OK, 4 years old. One Farm \Vat;on. tine Spring; Wjijjon. Vi TonB of Hay, 5 Head of Dairy Stock. .10 CllirkenB, Good Fnrinintr Iinplenienls. House Furniture, Lot of Tools, .Sic. Title, U. S. Patent. Price, «:», 500— Part Cash, easy terms fur the Itemniiidir. Address, LOS OATOS P. O., or apply on the Premises to the Proprietor, G. OUKUINOT. L.\nTES' — AND — FURNISHING At Cost of Importation. BEHEY & PLACE, San Francisco, Agents for J. I. CASE, ARE PREPARED FOR THE COMING HAR-" vest with the largest stock of Improved Ma- chines and Implements, ever olferedtothc farm- ers of California. These machines are all new, mostly built this season, and now just being re- ceived from the factory. The list embraces such machines as, ^UTN.V MOWERS. Price $100. Extras for which we guarantee to keep always on hand. Weight, B50 lbs.; cuts* feet 4 inches. Has Double Speed to knife, is the best machine ever sold in California. ^ETNA AND KIRBY REAPERS, At from $1''0 to $-200. We have a large slock > n baud, and are determined to sell, them, regnr^- lese of cost. Patent TREADWELlr'S Single- HEADERS, gear Made by J. I. Case & Co. The best ever sold in California. Ask any man who has tried oim. "What he thinks of it." HOADLEY ENGINES. The new style Hoadley Straw Burner is the finest threshing engine in the world. Price, $17110. The standard IS-horse power Hoadley, $lli5U; 1'2-horse powcr,$1450: 9-horse power, $1'.!00 All with heavy running gear, and all improve- " "the END-SHAKE THRESHER. Tlicso Threshers are the finest in the world. Seliil for RK.DUCKD PlilUES. THE WHITEWATER WAGON. This is the STANDARD WAGON on the Paciflo Coast. Send for reduccil prices. tfir Wo Imve a few Pacific Wagons on hand, which wo offer below cost. Send for prices. GOODS Ever offered in this City- All of Our Own Direct Iniportulions, At arc SANTA CI.AU.V STREET, Opposite the Auzoraia House San Jose. grkvy farmer buying $.!00 worth of machines or imrlemenls of us, will be paid his fare to San Francisco and back, if not over 20(1 miles. He can thus come and Bi e for himself without any expense. _, . _._ BERRY & PLACE, Old Stand. Market, head of Front st. San Francisco. Ladies* Hats and Bonni ts BLEECHED, PEESSED, and DONE OVES. In all the New Shapes. STAMPING DONE TO ORDER In the Best Manner. JACOB EBERHARBT - - Prop t I.r. KINDS OV LEATHER. SHEIi A skins aii.l w.iol. Highest price paid Sliccp Skins, Tallow. Wool, etc. P- for California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. EBEEDEBS' DIRECTORY. Parties desiring to purchase Live Stock will liud in this Directory the uames of some of the must reliable Breeders. Our Rates. — Cards of two lines or less wlil be inserted iu this Directory at the rate of 50 cents per month, payable annually. X line will average about seven words. Cownt tive words for the first line. CATTLE. SB. EMERSON, Mountain View, Santa . Clara County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn and Holstein Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CYRUS JOMES & CO., San .Jose, Santa Clara County. Cal.— Breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. " Young Bulls for sale." CHARL.es CLARK, Milpltas, Santa Clar" County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. C COLEMAN YOUNGER, San Jose. Santa J Clara County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. B. POI.HEMUS, Sau .lose, Santa Clara I County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cat- F. W. WOLLF, Til' only a^'iiit in San Joee for the LI(;i!T lU'NNING II)l()|MU:|8|T|I|Ci NJ'AV WILSON, REMINGTON, AND VICTOR SEtirilVe IMACHIIVES. c, tie. CARR & CHAPMAN, Gabilan, Monterey County. Cal.— Breeders of Trotting Horses, Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. WIj. OVERHISER, Stockton, San Joa- . quin County, Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. M OSES WICK, OroviUe, Butte County Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SHEEP AND GOATS. CP. BAIX.EY, San Jose Cal.— Importer, . breeder, and dealer in Cashmere or An- gora Goats. Fiue Pure-bred and Grade Goats for sale, MCCRACKEN & I.EWIS, San Jose, Cal,— Importers and breeders of fine Angora Goats; also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. MRS. ROBKRT BI.ACOVV, Centerville, near Nil.s Station. .Ilanicda County, Cal.— Pure-blooded French Menuo Rams and Ewes lor sale. , SWINE. CHARL.es CI.ABK, Mllpitas, Santa Clara County, Cal.— Breeder of P\ire-bred Berk- shire Swine, POULTRY. MRS. t,. J. WATKINS, Santa Clara- Premium Fowls. White and Brown Leg- horn, S. S. Hamburg.L. Brahmas, B. B . Red Game, Game Bantams, and Aylesbury Ducks. Also, Eggs. MISCELLANEO US. A full asKortmeut of SILK. TIIRE.VD, OIL, ATTACHMENTS, the Best Needles for all Sew- ing Machines constantly on hand. 319 Second Street, Opp. Fountain street, San Juso. my Th.e Goodenouerh. COMMON-SENSE SYSTEM HORSESHOEmG SHOP! Cor. Santa Clara and San Pedro Streets (opposite Post Oflice) . The only Nfttural Mfth'ul of Slioeiii-.' the Horse to iiri.-vi.nt Corns, Quarters Cracks, Contrac- tion of the Hoof, and all Lameness Resulting from Unsound Feet. JOKIV FADDLV, Froprietor. JAS. LAWIB, lTa.tic.-il Shoer. 0 Just What You Want for Your- self and Children. 1776 CEirTXSirDriAL 1876 I P R O C L AM A T I O N. I Chicago & Northwestern Railway. Is the pnpul.-ir r.'Htc "V. rland Ii> tlie Erit.t. Passengers tor (;liicago, Niiigara Falls, Pitts- burg, Philadelphia, Montreal, Quebec, New York Boston, or any point East, stmuld buy their trans-continental tickets vi.-i the pii>iic( r rout., THE CHICAGO &N0RTHWE3T3RN E.E. This is the Ucst route East. Its Track is of Steel Hails, and on it has been nuidi: the Fastest , time that has ever been made in this country. By ' this route passengers for points east .-f (^hicago havechoiceof the following lines from Chicago: Piltiiljur^. Forlivnyiie anil Chica^ti and Pennsylvania Kailwayit. • > Througli trains daily, witii I'uhiiim Palace ij Cars througli to I'hiiadrlpliia ami New York on each train. I I THHOUGH TRAIN, WITII PULLMAN PAL- I I I ace Cars to IiaUim<'re and Washington. [ Ev tho Lil'.o Shore and Michigin Couthcm SiUway and Connoif.on: i ITcv; Vori Ccotnl lad Erio itiilTiyE ) : ■ 1 TIIRoriill TRAINS IiAlI.Y, WITH PALACE • ) Drawing l; n and Silver Palace Sleeping Cars througli t.. New York. By tne Uichigin Ccntril, Orind Irani, Brcat Western and ' Eric and New Yori Central Eailways: i O Througli trains, witli Pullman Palace Draw- ' O ing Room and Sleciiing Cars tlimugh to New York to Niagara F'alls, Iliinalo, lictilu ster, or New York city . By the Baltimore nn Railroad: | rt Through trains daily, with Pullman Palace J!i Cars for Newark, Zanesville. Wheeling, | \Va6hington and Ballimore without change. , This is the Shortest. Best, and only line run- ning Pull man celebrated Palace sleeping cars and cohclies. connecting with irnioii Pacific Railroad at Omaha and from the West, via Grand .lun.;- tion, Marshall. Cedar Rapids, Clinton, Sterling i and Dixon, for Chicago and the East. | This popular route is unsurpassed for Speed, \ Comfort and Safety. The smooth, well-ballasted and perfect track of steel rails, the lolcbrated Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, the perfect Tele- graph System of moving trains, the regularity with which they run, the admirable arrangement for running thrniigh trains to Chicago from all points West. secure to passengers all the comforts in modern Railway Traveling. No changes of Cars and no tedious delays at Ferries. Passengers will find Tickets via this Favorite Route at the General Ticket Oflice of the Central Pacific Rrailroad, Sacramento, and in all the Tichctorticesot theCenlral Pacific Railroad. MaKVIS HUOHlTT, W. H. StENNKTT. Gen. Supt.. Chicago. Gen. Pass. Agent. H. P. STaNWOOI). General Agency. 121 Mont- gomery street, San P'rancisco. S HARRIS Hi;l{l{l\G, San .Jose, Cal.— _ , Agent for several lue.-.leisof Best Pure-bred animals and poultry. We bring the breeder and purchaser together direct, and do not stand be- tween them, while we aid each free of charge. CPLENDID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, io only S!J a dozen, and Cabinets $4 a dozen, at HOWLANO'S Gallery (Heering'Biold stand) No. 359 First street, San Jose. WALLACE «k CO., No. 386 First street— Handsome turnouts always on hand at fair prices. Fine Hearse for Funerals. Car- riages for Bale. Give us a trial. H. S. LAMKIIV, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW— ROOMS 3 AND 4, Stone's Building (opposite Auzerais House) , Santa Clara street, San -Jose. DR. J. BRADFORD COX. FFICE OVER T. W. SPRING'S STORE, opposite the Post Office, San Jose. DON'TrAlLtomrOEaPAIOT ONLY 25 CENTS. Locke <& Montague, Comfortable Combination Clothing. THIS STYLE OF UNDERCLOTHING FOR Ladies has been found by all who have used it, the most convenient and comfortable, as well as economical of any now in use. Models were exhibited and attracted mnch commenda- tion at the late Fair. Patterns can be had by applying to Mrs . Herrinj;^, cast side of Ninth street, between St. .John and St. James streets, San Jose, (where Ejunplcs can be seen.) or by addressing IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN C. C. C. Company, C. S. Crydenwise, C1ARRIAGB MAKER. PIONEER J Carriage Shop. 3U SECOND STREET, Between Santa Clara street and Fountain Alley, San Jose, Acent for Fish Bro. '8 Wagons. Box 686 San Francisco This reform underclothing has been -worn by the Editor's wife and children for the past two seasons, and is certainly superior in points oi comfort, healthfulness, and economy of wear and material of anv ever invented. It is the in- vention of a California lady who makes every pattern her-elf and writes full directions upon each. No family that once tries this style of clothing will ever go back to the others. Dr. N, KLEIN, Surgeon Dentist- tiJ- The National Gold Medal was awarded to Bradely & Bulofson for the best Photographs in the United States, and the Vienna medal for the best in the world. 429 Mantgomery street, San Francisco. Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware «c. 112 and 114 Battery St., SA\ FR.VXt I'^l O. Closing Out Stock THE SUBSCRIBERS. INTENDING TOCLO^E up tbeir busineps with as little delay as pos- sible, mnv offer their stofk of Jackson Wagons ! As a WHOLE, or at RETAIL, ou the most favor- ' able tei-ms and at very low prices. J. D. ARTHIR & SON, mh Cor. California and Davis St., S.F. Me lie fee & Gaston DENTISTS, S.W.Cor.Smitii Clara and First Sts Over Farmers* National Gold Bant, SAN JOSE. t^ Special attention given to Fine Gold Fillings. Laughing Gas AdminiB- tered. EMPEY L LEHHAUD, Manufacturers and Dealers iu HAR-Aj;^^ COL- NESS,g^^L ARS, SADDLERY, Jarriage Trimmings. Etc. ,Yo. ^lly^ Sii'.lii Clara Stred. SAN JOSZi. T.W.MitcheU, Porter's Block, cor. Santa Clara and Second Sts, SAN JCISI.. SEEDSMAN and FLOHIST All.! D.iil.Tlii Kl..»»erlli(;Plaiit«, Oriiiiiiieiital SlirutiH, ijulbi* uikI Kloiverliii.' U«iii«K in Vuliely, liiiii;.'lM|; Bus- kvt«, Urieil tira««f«, French IninirirK-llea of A»iiorted CcilorH, Ktr , Etc. 8^ Seeds. Fresh and Keliable. I I- /. tI 1 1-1^' R. C KIIUIV ^- CO., TANNERS ! SANTA CRUZ OAK-TANNED SOLE LEA'lHER. WHOLESALE DEALERS. OUlce~402 and 404 Battery Street, .S.l.V FU.iXCISCO. The Bee-Keepers" Magazine. An n-n'sTBATED Mi'uthly Jour- ^es devoted CtJLTTiaE. Kino, eon- itributionB UPPER, and „,„. „.c:-Keeper« in both EfRopE and AMERICA. A' larMC space is devoted to begissecs Riving use- ful information just when it is needed through- out the year. Terms: SL.'iO per year. We will send' the JI.^gazine 4 months ox trial and IXCLCDE a r>4-pai!e paulphlct (price "lO cts I, con- taiuini; a beautiful life-like Chromo of Honey- PUSTS and iTAi.TAS Bees In their natural colors, Prize Essav bv Mrs. TuppER, Queen Rearing by :\r ynsBV. instructions for Befiuuers, etc., aU for .50 cts. Address. KIXe iS: SLOCCM, r.l HiiiNoii s«;eet. New Tfork. PRINTING.; Posters, Dodgers, Handbills, Books, (atalogue-, Circu- _ _ I lars, Programmes, Bills of Fare, Invit-.tions, Keoeipte, Labels, Blanks, Billheads, Slatementu, Cards, Tags, eto., together with every description of -Job Printing executed promptly and in a workmanlike man- ner by COTTLE S: WKIGH 1', No. ;iU Market St, over Bland A: Ke^^nart's auction store, San Joee. OR. C. R. SPAW, Resident Dentist, Comer of First and Santa Clara streets. In McLaughlin & Ry- land's building, San -Jose. Cal. XI^W For ?.> subscriptions to the Califor- nia Agriculturist, at SI. .50 each, the ( publisheiTi will give a S70 New Davis ' >fe^vini; Machine. Here is an opportunity for some energetic lady to get the best Sewing Machine for a little time well employed. The , DAA''IS took the first premium at the Santa V Clara Vallev Agricultural Society's Exhibition last Fall. ■ , Enri^lil's hid hMi M d Straw hmi Engines Patented July SOth and November Sid, 1875. Biivus wood or Straw without change, and Coal by chnng- iug two jjlates. Took the Preiiiiniii at the California State Fair, l«75, as the Best Straw-Burner. 1-3^ Send for Testimiiuials and Priee to JOSEFK ISnrRIGKT, San Jose, Cal., BOOTS AlTD SHOES. A Large and Superior Assurtiiient. ITo. 394 First Street, Wiliox Blofk. San Ji'se. BEAR CREEK „„.,, LUMBER CO.. „,^^ ,, , who„.s.i,Muu.R.taii„.»i,.™in THIRD Street, ALL KINDS OF LUMBER, Near Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Etc Moody's Mills, California and Oregon Lumljel^ s.^^; jose. Constantly on hautl. All Orders Promptly Fill ed p. o. Box 509. SIMCOKIXITG CHZMNEVS CURED J. Q. V E IT IT T7'M. The GOTHIC VENTILATOR and CHIMNE? TCP HAS PROVED A COMPLETE SufcesK ill curing the most ob- hUuate. Blu'-gish and smoky cbiiii- neys. It Ktands on the top of the chimney, and does not require a BuiokeHtackto carry it above the sur- rouudiuM buildings. It is the only (!himut-y top that will work s(itisf;utorily when surrounded b\ hi^li l>uil(liu;is. For ventilating Elevators, Ma.hine Shops, R. U. Di'- pots, Car Shops, etr., it is iinrivaled. N. B. — Send inside measurement of topof rhimuey or ventilating shaft. All Chiranev Tops guaranteed to give entire satisfaction, and if any f>hould liiil lifter a trial uf twu nionths T\e will rlie'.Tfiillv refund the money. r. KLEIN', -JJ7 SANTA CLARA STREET, S,\N' TilSK ItK \lj.l; IN CARRIAGES, BIGGIES, PHAETONS and SPRING WAGONS. It?" ALL WORK WARRANTED "Vil jVO. 447 FIBST STBEET, San Jose. "^mm mu company MANUFALTLHEltS C>F Monuments, Head Stones, Tablets, Cenotaphs, Tombs, and all kinds of Cemetery wurk in ^Marbleand Granite Miirhle,, Slate and Iron Mantles. Table Tops, Tile, Grates, Fountains, Kic. Busts cut from Photographs. Statuary and Busts iu Plaster or Marble. Moulding and Designing done on shrrt nntier, PRICES LoW. FIELD, COMBS ^ KEVrDALIi, NO. it-i SECOND STREET, Between Santa Clara and St. John streets, San Jose. Z'' SAN JOSE. Drug- Store, In ."^IcLaughliu ^t Ryhmd's Bank Building, 309 FIRST STREET, SAN JOSE, CAL. J, A. Chittenden. GARDEN CITV DRUG STORE''' ' ""'^' |ic«tochc H. PIES"S"1TECKER, Proprietor, San Jose. No. 320 Santa Clara St. C.E. CAMPBELL, ,,,,^ ,„^,,, Manufacturer of Pumps, Well Pipe anil Galvanized Iron Hydraulic Sams, Pumps with Improved Valves, ^sal ani Iron Pipe, Tin, Copper, Zinc anil Slieet- Brass Goods, Iron AVares, Galvanized Iron Hos6 Wire, Cliimneys, Tin Roofing, Plumb- Farmers' Boilers, iiig^ etc. House Furiisbing No. 339 First Street, opposite El Do- rado St. Wirss. %jtr O'Bauion & Kent sell Clothing at such bargains that no "jewing" is necessar.v. J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 327 First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE TAIL' Fiilt Wheat, Barley and Other Grains, Grain Dealer. JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, Pioneer Blncksuiith and Carriage Shop. Balbncli^s Neiv Briek, cor. Sec- ond St, and Fountain Alley, SAX JOSE. Ag^ent for Fisli Bro. *8 Wagons. New Work and repairing of Agricultural Implements, etc. West's American Tire-Setter. RHODES & LEWIS. APOTHECARIES, No. nTt5 First .Street, I SAN .JOSE Bladvsmith. The Cal. AGnicoLTumsr Pud Co. have cnnttitute 1 tliemBolvcBa Purcliiiiili'tt Agency, to ai-couiniuilato AGmcui.TuiiiKT KubBirilicrs. AnytliiuK wanted in ShilJiW! or San Francisco inuchnsrd at lowest rates tor ciisli, and orwardod to order Free of foinniissioiis. o>^MyUC>v^ ■ -^T ^^> Table of Contents. ^ mi PAGE B 07a and Qlrla.— l^audtHiou Clock (Poetry). '♦Oar Corner. *8ome- iluut; About the Geutennial. lO'J-10 Correapondencs. — From Keru la- land. Watering Places. Cool Water lUl City Oariening. — tTimely Hints. Mistakes inFloricuUuro lOU «mC3tic.—*Familiar Talks No.l2. I tlieat Food. Recipes. Ktc. . . 107: Dairy. —A Good Cow (Poetry). Dairying in California. But- ter and Beef. Pure Water for | Cuttle 104-51 Editorial Notes i*9.' Educatioaal.— A Country School I (Poetry). 1The Subjectof Kd- I luutiou. Cbild'n on the Farm. , Root Up the Weeds. Agricul- tural Reading. Smoking and | Boys. The Farmers Wanted. Boys, Note Th is. Vulgarity, 105-G Housohold Roiling.— A Deed and a 1 Word (Pi»et'y). *Fashion. *Up- Couutry Letters. '♦Popularity. •^More than One Woman in the I PAfiK Hou&e. *Streain of Life. Hus- I bands and WIvch. Household Help. *An Iuij;lewood Senti- ment. *A (Do)nut to Cr»ck .107 ■ UisceUaaaons. — tThinning Out Fruits, t Over-production and Finance, t Destructive Cater- pillars. t£^uropean Qardeu. tCiraftiug LargeVines 'J7 ♦Three i^uestions. Summer KoBort. Oranaries of the Nile. Reapers, Does it Pay? Ill ♦Inherited Tendencies 102 Poetry — Lixingtoo. Our Patriot Flag. Centennial Song. Uncle Sam's a Hundred. Ode to Jon- athan. Centennial Hymn ... 'J'.' Poultry Yard. --^Hatching Chickens in Summer. tFine Poultrj- BusincHK in California. Gapes. *Game Fowls. Keep Chickens Scratching. Egg-preserving Pickle. Feeding Peppers. Pro- nta. Eggrt by Weight 103-1 Sheep and 3oats.— 1Call5ornia-bred Merinos. Late Importation.. li>' PAOK Stools Breodor. — tstock Farming vs. Ranchiug. Close Breeding. Over-feediug Stock for Shows. Proatablo Grades. Educating Bulls 101--' Woman.— STicntirtc Courtship (po- etry). AsSixteen to Twenty- Six. Things I Like to See. ..lOtJ-7 tributed. t Editorial. ^^ .^^ m Mtfousa-fom Mm/aiH'E. m X -/^^ k'v] California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. THE CHAMPION ASanJose invention I^^RS. H. E. ell iott FRUrT DRYER ! Will Mnliulii. tur.' tin THETUTTLE PUMP FUEKH YOKE SHIUTi TBI! FAIMIXSKS' UNION Has tnktr'ii tin- A^'nty of this Drj'er. beliiviny it tt> be the Best, Cheapest, and BAost Eco- nomical Dryer I^ade. Kxpevieiicecl Persons in Fruit-Drying Recommend It. Dryiuj; Fruit and Vegetables; has be lome one of the departments of labor and prolit among the iudustrieeof California, and we invite Fruit Growers to come and see our Champion Fruit Dryer, and test it with any kind of fruit or veg- etables before purchasing. This Dryer consists ol a sheet iron furnace, from five to eight feet long, and two feet high, with a partition nmning horizontally six inches below tlie top, on the inside, the full length and breadth of tbe furnace, except a space uf live inches at the back eml. Beneath this pax'titiou the fire is hept, the heat of which jiasses to the back, and there turns in a range upward through the five inch space, and passi's between the par- tition and top, back to the front end of the fur- nace and out of a chimney above the chest of drawers. This arrangement completely equalizes the heat at eaih end imd all alaug the top of the fm'nace. so that no one drawer is, at any time, hotter than the others. The attachment to hold the fruit for di-ying consists of a hex or chest of drawers made wide enough to set out on eoch side and end about 15 inches from the furnace, and it is inclosed with tougued and grooved lumber, except space in front for the furuiice and on each side for the drawers to pass in above the furnace. This chest is lined two feet high on the inside with sheet iron, and twotiersof drawerecome in from t^ach side, supported by pieces passing from one side across the top of, and one foot above the furnace to uprights on the other, and meet in the center over the furnace. Tlic bottoms of these drawers are made of wire cloth, on which the fruit is laid for drying. Over the center of each tier of drawers is a htde four inches square in the top, with a slide to keep it open or closed as the case may require, and through these open- ings the hot air passes in a continuous current from the furnace below. The space in front.not filled by the furnace, is closed by apiece of sheet iron fitted over and down on each side, and to this piece there are two veutilaijorsat the side of the furnace where the tire in hottest, to admit air. These two are the only places where air en- ters, and it is made very hot by the heat of tlie furnace, as it enters and passes rapidly up thro' thf fruit in the drawers, and out at the ventilat- ors at the top. This arranyement kcetjs a con- stant current of hot air passing through each drawer, which keeps it in the most rapidly dry- ing process. The chest of drawers is fi'om four feet higli to as high as desired. The drawers occupy about 4 inches space in tlie hight of the chest, and are about two feet deep, and 34 inches wide, and hold 25 pounds of fruit. But fruit will dry fast- er by putting in 12 pounds, and as it dries out a little, double it up. The machice can be built to have from 12 to 108 drawers, and will dry from l(H)i) pounds to five tons per day, of green fruit. Will dry iii'y kind of fruit or vegetables in from one and a half to eight hours. THE SINGER SEWING MACHINE ROOMS. Over H(>,(Hll) more Singer Sowing Miiilnnis kuIiI in 1S75 than Ijy ;iuy utlii-r roniiuiny. 334 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. A. C, PKHKIXS, An't f.irSauta Cliira 0.>. Iiivrnlors have often racked their hrainh to gift ni> a liraitical Pump that will raisi' a column of water in a fontiuuous stream with, out jerk or jar. causing sjreat strain uiion the machinery and also unnecessary loss of frictit.n. This (lifHculty has tiually been overcome by Mr. H. H. TUTTLE, of San .Jose, in a* very simple and efficacious manner. His invention consists of aV-ombination of Three Plungers (instead of one), working from a crank shaft in such a man- ner that one of them i.s always lifting or lorcing the column of water. On trial it is found to work admirably, and will do more work with the same power than any other Pump, and the motion is always steady and smooth. Watters & Biggs, of San Jose, are manufactur- ing these Puuips, and they are for sale at the Excelsior Marble Works. The pump-box is of 'galvanized iron, incused in wood. The valves are so constructed as to work with best ettV-4-iuch stroke only, the size of a water pail, raised 60 gallons of water per minute. Capt. Joseph Aram, of San Jose, has one. and pronounces it perfect. Persons interested are invited to call at the Excelsior Marble Works. Second street, and e\;nnine these Pumps, or ad- dress. H. H. TUTTLE, San Jose. From Actual Mr A Perfect Fit G-uaranteed. CHARLEY SIKES' STAGE LINE. FAR MS! FARMS! FOE SALE. 1 ^A Acres, Seven Miles West of City XO*^ of San Jose, mostly valley, very cheap. Fair House, at $6,500. 40 Acres, Two and a Hulf 3Iiles\Vest, rich valley land, at $80 per acn. f"A Acres, on the Alntaden Road, Six wW miles out, HouNe. Barn, etc.: a pretty place for)Rl.-»,O00. rtftQ Acres, Near Cinnabar Hotel, on MuO Almadeu Road, six and a half miles out; a Big Bargain for $1^,000; has a Fine Grove of Timber, House, Barn. Wind-mill, Vineyard, etc.; all valley land but Gu acres. Terms— One- half cash; balance in tliree years at 8 per cent, per annum. San Jose to Santa .Cruz, — vn— Santa Clara, Saratoga and Felton. Leaves San Jose Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays for Santa Cruz; and leaves Santa Cruz Tuesdays, Thursdays and Satur- days for San Jose. Passenger Rates, each way, through, S3. .50. Parcels, etc., carried, and Errands done at reasonable rates. The route traveleil over the mountains is gi'aud in Scenery, and the trip is most invigr»rating. Office in San Jose, the HENSLEY HorSE. 001 ' -^cres. Near Washington Cor- ^^X'-i ners. Alameda (county, 1-') miles from San Jose, one mile from Depot; all valley land; House, two Barns, large Dairy Hguse, Granary, Wind-mill. Tank, three acres of Excellent Orch- ard, is a first-class place, at S1>0 per acre, part cash. JADHES A. CIiAVTOSr, le Real Estate Agent. 2'.lll Santa Clara St. i Fins hili:]. Black-Breasted Red Games, from luipcittrd stmk, warrantffl to stant steel, abso- lute purity iif btrain ^^uaranted. Eggs jrJ per dozen. Trins. niter Augtst 1st, $20. Dark BrahmaS, from imported stock. E^'t^s :?ri ]» r >h-/.. Trios, after August Ist, $20. Brown Leghorns, Superior variety. Eggs $1 per do/,. Trios, after August Ist, $15. My Games are from stock imported by me from the most celebrated breeders in the United States and England. Under no circumstances will an inferior bird be sold. Purchasers can rely in all cases upon receiving the best. Orders received will be filled in rotation. Refer lo the Editor of this paper. FRED. E. COLIilNS, P. O. Box 171. San Jose. my SMALL FARM FOR SALE! AGREEABLY SITUATED ON THE FOOT- hills in tbe WARM BELT, nine miles from San Jose, near Los Gatos. 25 acres in Cultiva- tion, i>5 acres of Pasture and Live-Oak Grove. 80 acres of Chaparral and Woodland; two Springs on the place. HKAOttrARTKRS FOR Ladies' ^ Children's Suits, Ready Ma.lc and JIade tuClnler, Sail Jose Suit Maiiiifaclnrii Comii'y, Seconds*., eoriK'iof Foiiiif :iiii. lIY(iIENIC BATHS. Steam' <)nl.v .-,(1 ll. ICAI.I., i-'ountain St.. San Jose. Green Hoof and Healing OINTMENT, — FOR— i Colin 1' Oalls, IIiirne.ss Galls, Saddle I Gnlls, Burns, Scalds Bruisfw, Olfl and Reieiil Wounds. BriKle Hoofs, Fe\'ev in Feel, Founder, Sand Craekw, <^uar*»T Craiks Scrad'lies, Sprains^ Swt'llin^^i, Contracted Hoofs, Mud Fever. ('orns, Thriisli, Etc. For Kalf by all Storekeepers, I)ruggists and Harness-makers, at Wlndesale by MAIN 6l -WZ ICHSSTJiH., .Maiiiifa ami Iniporters 'il Harness, Saddles, Bridles, Whips, Etc., Nos. '414 and 31<; Buttery St.. S.\N KH.\NCIS('0. ly srANUINAVI.VX Employment Office. lIKLf I'l'itNmllKU llniulH luniishort who Mv .just from EunipiMneii who iiro imxiouK imil wilHn« io work. The of- fice will thereforti be iibh- to turni«h farm lutncie at hhurt iiotii^e iu uvimlii tb to suit cmiiloycrB. OllirM, :il8Santr<-<-t, between FivKt mill Seeonii stn ets, Sun .Jose. .iy FOURTH OF JULY, 1876! Patriotic Pec'l'le ean yet Suiteil nt T. W. SPR I N C'S, for CASH, at prires that will make them Hurrah ! For Our Country ! ! ! ■Vapor and Hot Air Baths. >I''f;!v,firocourauonKnnd caiiin«». I bi Closing Out Stock I'^HLSUBSOKlBEItS, INTENDING TUCLO>K up their business with as little delay as pos- | silde. now ofier their st>'ik of | Jackson Wagons ! As a WHOLE, or at RETAIL, on the un'st favor- able terniP uiul at very low prices. .1. D. ARTUIIR & SON, mh ('or- California anti Davis St., S.F. ZiOcke (& Montague, \ IMI'OKTKHS AND DEALEKS IN Stoves, Pumps, Iron Pipe, Tinware S:c. 112 and 114 Battery St., S.W FU/\\CI««itO. Dwelling House, Barn, Orcbard, Gar- den, Well, ii Good Horses, One Colt^ 4 years old. One Farm Wagon, One Spring Wag-on, 1^ Tons of Hay, 5 Head of Dairy Stock, 50 Ctiickens, Good Farming- Implements, House Purniture, Lot of Tools, «&c. Title, v. S. Patent. Price, S3, 500 — Part Cash, easy terms for the Remainder. Address, LOS GATOS P. O., or apply on the Premises to the Proprietor, G. GUERIXOT. Th.e Coodenoush. COMMOX-SEXSE SYSTEM HORSESHOEING SHOP! Cor. Saikta Clara and San Pedro Streets (opposi'^e Post Office). The unly Natural Method of Shoeint^ the Horse ti) i)Rvent Corns, Quarters Cracks, Contrac- tion of the Hoof, and a-U Lameness Eesultin? from Unsound Feet. Hoi-sc-Slioeing 2^. JOHN FADIiBV, Froprietor JAS. LAMB, Practical Sheer. "Jhe mmmi m^ Published monthly, iit San Jose, Cal., By ALEX. P. MUEGOTTEN. Onf of thi^ Iti'sl Funiily Piiprrs on tlii' Const PRir ONLY SI A YEAR. Tbe Tenilterance I'eople sliolilil nil liiiveit. JOB prTn ting OF EVEllY STYI.K Dull. Ill the *■ CH.VMPION" Offiec. C. S. Crydenwise, C-iAIlIlIAGlO AI.VKKK. PIONEER J Clirrint^e Shop. 314 SECOND STREET, Between Santa Clain street und FoUTitain Alley, San Ji>se, Aireiil for Kisll Bro. '8 Wllgons. California Agriculturist ^X70 "wm. s^ J' O 'O' ]Ei 21' JL E« Vol. 7— No. 7.} SAN JOSE, CAL., JULY, 1876- J SCBscRrPTiON PliiCE, $1.50 a Year. \ Siuglo Copies, 15 CenU, THINNING OUT GROWING FRUITS. Our best orchardists pay a great deal of attention to thinning out where too milch fruit sets upon the trees to all grow to perfect size. On an average, at least one half of the fruit is taken from the trees when about the size of hickory nuts, and frequently two-thirds to three- fourths of it is picked off where the tree is crowded with fruit. There are two good reasons for this : one to prevent the limbs from breaking under the load of ripening fruit, and another to insure the large size of the fruit that is left upon the tree, together with superior eating qualities. The size and beauty of fruit has a good deal to do with its marketable value. Pruing the trees severely, re- moving the fruit-bearing twigs, will pre- vent over-bearing, but at the injury of the tree. Better encourage as many fruit spurs to grow as possible, aud make a practice of thinning out the fruit. It will pay to do so. It will look like a waste to one not accustomed to it to pull ofif a large quantity of growing fruit, as is often expedient, but the superior weight and excellence, when grown, of what is left, will surely satisfy anyone that i, is good policy. THOUGHTS ON OVER-PRODUC- TION AND FINANCE. We read a good deal about over-pi'oduc- iio7i, and consequent idleness of manu- factories and many poor people thrown out of employment. Now, when we see BO many people wanting and needing the very articles which it is claimed are over- abundant— so many people who have not the wherewith to procure these produc- tions which they desire, we are inclined to attribute all such hard times to some other cause. If we.alth consists of the produce of industry, the more produced the more wealth, would seem a fair pro- position; and the less labor performed the less wealfh, as a natural consequence. Now it will not take many words for us to express our convictions upon this point. What is most needed is the abil- ity to consume. We are personally ac- quainted with lots of jjeople who would have better houses, better clothes, a great variety of food, better furniture, and a thousand and one comforts and conveniences if they could afford it. They are willing to work for fair pay, and would be glad to be so situated financial- ly that they could consume and appro- priate the good things of life without neglecting business. Now if everybody should work, see how abundant woulil become all the necessaries, and thous- ands of the luxuries of an advancing civilization. There would be enough for all, at least of the essentials. There never was so big a humbug as this cry of "over-production." J What we want is a financial system ^ which will make money so plenty and cheap — so far as relates to interests — ^ that every one who produces a thing can find purchasers. Then industry will be encouraged, instead of shackled as is now the case. There will be no mono- poly of money by the few banks, no us- ury to consume tire earnings, but every one will stand upon a nearly equal plain, where industry will reign supreme. Now, how can this thing be brought about? By the Government. Currency should be issued and loaned to the peo- ple at very light rates to cover the ex- pense of doing the business and to assist in raising revenue to support the Gov- ernment, which would lessen the taxes. The Government might deal with the people through States, counties, towns, etc., receiving security in all property for the return of the money and interest. In some such way as this, money might be- come as plenty as desirable, under pro- per restrictions. Instead of being king, money would simply be a servant— a convenience. Instead of being itself a value, it would simply be a representa- tive of values — and in reality it can be of itself no more. Weattk would then consist, as it ought to, of the productions of indtistrt/. Although a perfect financial system might not correct all the abuses existing among selfish and dishonest men, it would at least deprive money speculat- ors of the jjower of dictating to industry; it would foster industrial enterprises by paying labor according to its deserts, thus rendering it not only possible, but easy for an honest man to make an hon- est living. DESTEUCTIVE CATERPILLARS. Last year we noticed the caterpillars in Mr. Watkins' and Mr. Gould's orch- ards in Santa Clara as follows: "In our valley the caterpillars are destroying the fruit crop in some orchards, others they have not troubled. We saw hundreds of trees in Gould's and Watkins' orch- ards with the foliage stripped from them. They are not the tent caterpillars, but when not eating the leaves cluster to- gether on the large limbs and trunks of the trees. When in this position it would not be a difiicult matter to destroy great numbers of them, but we saw no disposition to attempt their destruction, and were told that there was so little profit in fruit culture that it would not pay to spend the time necessary to kill them." This season there were literally mil- lions where there were thousands of these pests last year. Mr. Watkins' orchard has been stripped as bare as bean poles or last year's mustard stalks. This was done about the middle to the last of May. The consequence is, the bare trees, exposed to the hot sun with stag- nated sap, become parboiled under the bark, the bark splits open on the sunny side, borers are invited, and the fruit crop is not only destroped this season, but the trees are ruined forever. Think of fifty acres of orchard ruined by these caterpillars in this way. Mr. \V. has closely examined the hab- its of this caterpillar this season. He finds that the butterfly lays the eggs onh- upon twigs about one-eighth of an inch in diameter, mostly on new growth, and that close shorteuiug-inpruniug'will take the eggs off without injuring the trees. Each insect laj's about 1.50 eggs in a glutinous band about the twig. These are easily discerned by a practiced eye, aud may nearly all be removed from the tree during the fall and winter by prun- ing. What are accidentally left may bo noticed about as soon as hatched, as they at once commence work on tho' nearest foliage in a body and may be de- stroyed. What few are left, if any, may be killed as they collect on the large branches and body of tho trees to rest, when about half grown. One thing we think is clearly proved, it will not pay to let such pesls destroy orchards with- out at least a fair contest of industry and skill against them. In a conversation with Mr. J. W. Briggs, orchardist, we learn that his large orchard near Marysville was, a few years since, filled with these caterpillars. He thinks they were first discovered on the willows. He made short work of them in precisely the same manner as Mr. Watkins suggests as being the best. We must warn our orchardists to watch out for these pests, and be sure to get the start of them before they do other serious damage. A GRAND EUROPEAN GARDEN. Mr. J. C. Schmidt, of Erfurt, Prussia, writes to us an account of his splendid nurseries and garden and conservatories, which we take pleasure in laying before our readers. He accompanies the letter with beautiful illustrations of his places, etc. He says: During the season I publish eight cat- alogues: one wholesale list for Germany; one wholesale list for England aud Ame- rica; one wholesale list for France; one catalogue for private persons in Ger- many, and one for private persons in Austria; one wholesale list for seeds; one catalogue for decorative plants, etc., and one for bulbs. Under my own cultivation I have 300 acres, with flowers and grasses for drying purposes, but I only cultivate the better species, about one-third of the J'early want, the other two-thirds I have con- tracted with gardeners. I have a large steam dye for flowers, grasses and moss, in which about fifty persons are engaged; also, a steam en- gine for a drying machine, and steam dye halls and large rooms for drying flowers. In the horticultural establishment and nurseries, 75 to 100 men and 100 to 150 female persons are working. For bind- ing boqnets about 150 girls are engaged. Working people in aU, 400 to 500 per- sons. The department for export contains chiefly fabricates of dyed flowers, grasses, etc., of not surpassed color and arrange- ment. Further, I export all the raw stuft" for florists, viz. : flowers, grasses, mosses, bouquet papers, pot covers, bas- ketware, elegant straw baskets, fabricates of wire, all sorts of home adornment, plants-stands, vases, flower tables, reser- voirs for gold fish, etc. Tho most important part of my estab- lishment are the hot and cold houses, covering more than three acres of space, one of which is about 180 feet long aud contains only palms, the others are for cultivation of .•\zales, Camellias, and all sorts of plants for cut flowers. Your obedient servant, J. C. Schmidt. GRAFTING LARGE GRAPE VINES. Mr. T. H. Payne, of Santa Cruz, wrote to the editor, last spring, to know the best way to graft large grape vines, five or six inches in diameter. Through somebody's carelesisness, the letter has just reached us. Although out of sea- son, we will answer now, and let those who want the information remember for another season. The time we wou'd choose for grafting would be just as the leaves commence to form on the old vine. The scions should be previously taken from the last sea- son's growth of such variety of grape as is most desirable to propagate. Choose the strongest cuttings for scions. Ke- move the earth from about the stalk of the old vine eight inches deep, and at least seven inches below the surface make an incision with a chisel into the stalk deep enough to firmly insert the scion, which should be cut wedge-shaped as usual for grafting. One or more of these scions may be inserted. Trim the old vine b.ack pretty closely, but allow it to grow tho first year. The reason for this way of grafting, instead of cutting the old "stalk off before grafting, is that the circulation of the sap of the vine will not be retarded, and no suckers will be developed and thrown out from the root, as there would be if the old stalk was cut off at once. The next fall or spring, when the new graft is well grown in, the old stalk can be removed with little dan- ger of suckers. When suckers once start below the scion they are very difficult to contend with, as they are likely to come up year after year. By gralting deep enough below the surface, and allowing the scion to get one year's growth before the old stalk is removed, the probability is that no suckers will trouble. A New enemy to the farmers, more troublesome than the squirrel, has put in an appearance in Kern county. The tule rats are destroying wheat fields by the hundreds of acres. They harbor in the tulcs and live en the roots, but the high waters this year have driven them up into the wheat fields, and as they equal in numbers the locusts of Egj-pt, they devour a field of grain about as fast as it could be cut with a machine, and having tasted the soft and succulent grain they will not be content to live on the tule roots while the grain lasts. As soon as the farmer discovers that the rats have commenced on a field, he starts in wiih his machine to cut his field for hay, aud if he perseveres he may save about one half of the crop. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. $1.50 Per AAriuir(. CAL. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AGRICULTURIST PUB. CO. S. HARRIS HERRING, Editor. OFFICE:— Over tUe San .lose Savings Bank, Balbac)i''s Building, Santa Clara Street, near First, Saik Jose. RATES OF ADVERTBSBNG: Per OOP Coliimu 512 00 Per Month " half Column 6 00 '* " fourth CoUiinn 3 00 " '* " eighth Culutun 2 UU " " ** sixteenth Column 1 00 " '* 0^ "We are determined to adhere to our resolu- tion to admi'' none but worthy business advertis- iug in our columns, and to keep clear of patent medicine, liquor, and other advertisements of doubtful influence. The large circulation, the desirable class of readers, and the neat and convenient form, rend- ers this Jouma[ a choice medium for reaching the attention of the maBscs. Notice to Eastern Advertisers and Advertising Agencies. t\~^ Hereafter no propusltiou for advertising in this journal will be entertained without pay in advance. Our published rates are the stand- ard for all.) EDITORIAL NOTES. Wheat.— It is estimated that there will be l,(IUO,nOO tons of wheat produced iu Ciiliforiiin tliis Bcasou, and that 750,000 tons tan l;e spared' for export. Tbia, al only S30 per ton, will amount to $22,.500,000. Wanted.— A Pet Stock and Poultry Ansociatiuu on the P.icific Coast. This is soniething that every breeder of line poultry here desires. Poultry breeders will please communicate with the Editor of the Cal. AiiHicui.TURiST their ideas on this question, and decide at what rime and place they will hold a meeting for organizing. We have been reijuested to examine a iiiecc of luacliinery, report upon it, and send 111 our bill— this by a prominent bufiness house. It means, give it a favorable notice for coin. We shan't do it. It may be a very good thing, but our poor opinion is not for sale. If you want it advertised, do it in a square manner in our advcrtixing columns. No humbug bribery here. Is Our Civilization a F.iilure?— We leuru that there are women— while women au.l grown girhs—in San Francisco actually working for twenty cents a day and boarding themselves. This 13 the result of scarcity of money and abundance of Chinese labor. 'On the other hand, there is more aristocia'ic ex- travagance among the rich women there than under any monarchy. We ai'e fast gelling to be a nation of lords and surfs, masters and slaves. What wonder that thousands arc yearly driven to desperation, to crime, despair ami suicide ? The '' Temperance Champion" is now owned by a Sun Jo.se jirinter, Mr. Alex. Miirgotten, who is malsing a good paper of it. Send to him for a sample copy and you will say so, too. Patriotic. — We have devoted our poe- try page to patriotic rhymes this July, 187G, for " Uncle Sam's a hundred," and, like every American, we feel like rejoicing for every step that has been taken toward a better con- dition of things. The Editor "sacrificed a grandfather" in the revolution for indepen- dence, and straddled a horse three years iu the Union army during the rebellion, and feels brave for his country, so must cheer the old fiiig in American fashion. Hot Days in June. — Our hot weather in June commenced a week earlier than usual and was a scorcher. It ripened off the grain and prevented the rust from doing serious damage. Late sown grain, on heavy lands near the bay, which had not filled, was blighted some. Late sown grain will grow as well as early sown, but two years in three it gets caught in the hot days of June and is blighted. Early sowing, as a rule, is the best for'grain, as has been proved over and over again, whether in dry or wet seasons. In our office the therm ometer indicated 90^ five days in succession. Our Immigrants. — When the Chi- nese arrive in California the organized Com- panies take them in charge and provide them with employment. When American and Eu- ropean immigrants arrive overland, they find themselves at the mercy of wharf-rats, hotel- runners and "employment" agents. No way is provided by which they can he sure of good treatment or work. They find themselves at midnight on the wharf of a great city, with- out friends or advisers, and at the mercy of thieves and tricksters. Why cannot the citi- zens of San Francisco and California provide a proper reception for immigrants, and estab- lish a bureau of informatiou for theii benefit? Are we less civilized than the Chinese whom we wish to discourage ? And must we dis- gust the very immigrants we should encour- age, and see them return to escape from "Californians"? What are our Anti Coolie clubs doing iu this matter ? What are our humanitarian societies and our Granges doing to encourage the employment and settlement of immigrants from the Eastern States? These are serious questions and should be heeded. What About the Wheat Market? That there will be a great wheat harvest is certain. The very uncertain thing is about the market. Without doubt there will be plenty of consumers, as the European crops cannot supply the demand, and the prospects appear favorable for fair prices in Europe. Hut, as to the prices, it will make $0,000,000 difference to the farmers of this State whether the get one and a half or two cents for their wheat. The wheat speculators are all inter- ested iu getting as much of this immense pro- fit as possible. This we can set down as cer- tain. And they are so combined as to prettv nearly dictate terms, if not quite. The Grangers seem to have made no combination for ahipping since Morgan & Sons failed, and the buyers are bound to make a good thing this season sure. The terrible scarcity of coin is going to give still greater power to buyers iu hearing the markets. Tiiey will not only control market reports and prices, but almost compel farmers to sell at such figures as they please to give. This is the way the lay of the land luoks'to us at any rate. Honey Prospects for 1876.— Mr. J. p. Gowr, of San Diego, writes as follows: Bee men in this section are much disheart- ened. The bees swarmed but poorly, and now the sage is drying up ; all the vitality seems gone out of it, and but liitle of it will bloom. As a consequence we shall have but little pure white honey, and the niarket_ is al- leady flooded with the dark and inferior ar- ticle. In harmony with other land transac- tions are the Mexican fraudulent laud grants tolerated by our Government. Money influ- ence at Washington will carry through al- most anything. A dirty greaser's name, an oath, a soiled bribery record from Mexican archives, gotten up for the purposes, and a few lawyers who manage to get the settlers' money while the grant is being launched on greased ways by some American gentlemen of high-sounding name, and the thing is ac- complished. Money does it, and rascals take the laud. Settlers who have held lands be- lieving them clear, find this grant flo.ated upon them, aud must submit to be despoiled. Individual rights are laughed at, aud honest men are treated as though they were villians. Another grant has been confirmed in our county. The people know it is a swindle, but have no power to protect themselves. How can they when money rules ? It mat- ters not whether that money come from the grave of the old Adams Express Co. or not, nor how many men were robbed to get it. Of course it must be all right, or how could such a thing occur in our enlightened community and under a people's government ! It is about time to celebrate the Fourth of July with something else than blank cartridges, or to emigrate to some heathen country, where laws are made to protect honest men and punish rascality. Have pre-emptors of lands any rights that Government is hound to respect ? According to several rulings of the Secretary of the Interior, of the Supreme Court and of Congress, they have not. We used to think, in our innocent, youthful ignorance, that when a man squatted on unoccupied public land, and declared his intention of purchasing when it came into market, and occupied the same, fulfilling all requirements of law, his claim was good against any party who might attempt to purchase from the Government. But it has been ruled otherwise in 6ever.al cases. In fact, the poor settler has no rights that Government is bound to respect. Lands are surveyed and thrown intn market at the convenience of speculators aud monopolists, script holders, etc.. who are apparently in collusion with land offices to gobble it up. For some years past it has looked as though the Government was anxious to dispose of the public lands in large bodies at any price. Large gifts of lands to railroads, and any iinmher of grants to institutions of pretended use to the people, scripts, etc., e'c. — any way to prevent settlers from getting lands except- ing from land sharks, at land-sharks' prices. It is high time for the people to demand a dif- feient condition of things. Every foot of public lands should be held sacred to the set- tler, iu limited quantities, and obtiiinable in no other way than by actual settlement, un- der certain restrictions and requirements that will prevent tiickery. The Government can raise revenue withiuit forcing sales of large tracts of lands to speculators. We desire to see this (Jovernment become what its found- ers proposed — a gtivernment of the people, by the people, aud for the people— instead of seeing it run by and for a cla.-is of swindling thieves aud monoiudists. It is a proper time to comprehend this matter and declare for Ho&e Manufactured.— Mr. Joseph Enright has sold the twenty straw-burner en- gines that he has made, and is turning off two more to order, which is all he can supply this season. These thresher engines are all made entirely at his foundry and machine shop, in San Jose. He regrets that he is unable to make several more that he has calls for, and so do we, for we verily believe that no bet ter engiues — in fact, noce so good — are made elsewhere Mr. E. is a thorough mechanic of many years' experience, and knows what is wanted, and does his level best, which is not second to anybody. Money Scarce. — There is a great scarcity of money throughout the Pacific Coast country just now. Nearly every sub- scription we receive is on time, with promise to pay in a few months. We do not complain of our friends, only mention this fact to show the general drouth of coin. The question is, will money be plenty after harvest ? The masses of the people seem to think it will, but we believe that it will not be. Money is one thing, and property is another. There is plenty of property, aud while bankers are studying how to lake advantage of big crops aud get big rates of interest, we cannot un- derstand how, under our present financial management, money can be very plenty, un- less the people bleed liber,illy for it. That is how the matter looks to us. Vested Eights.— When monopolists, of whatever description, who, by intrigue, have obtained power through the generosity of the people, come to use that power against the interests of individuals and the people, said monopolists invariably make a strong point of "vested rights." There are inherent personal rights inferior to none granted by men, among which are "life and liberty," the right to "religious conviction according to the dictates of one's own conscience," and "to pursue happiness" without injury to another. But when it comes to granting perpetuity to a wrong, that is contrary to the principles of a free and enlightened government. All rights. In a public sense, rest with the people, or else this Government of ours is a stupeud ous failure. And the people are vested with power to undo that which they have done when they discover that a wrong is resulting from such creation. We concur with the fol- lowing ideas of the Memphis (Tenn.) "South- ern Farmer" to this point: Those corporations aud their champions who prate of "vested rights," alul all that, iu opposition to the best interests of the great mass of the people, should remember that the po'vrer which has given can lake away, aud therefore it uuiy not ju-ove wise to claim too many privileges. All jnivileges covered by charters were given for the public benefit. That was the ground on which they were granted. If it were otherwise, then they were frauds perpetrated on sociely by the faithless- ness of the peo|de's agiMits. The natunil rights of the many are greater than the "vest- ed rights" of thoVew, especially when these last are employed against public policy and to the injury of those who only could grant them legally. Let every human being have his just rights, and let "vested right*" so called, be enjoyed in sub,irdinatioii to those rights, and the best inleresle of all classes may be promoted. But "vested rights," so called, will h;ivc a hard road to ti'avel w-ben they are sought to be enforced in opposition to tile greatest good to the largest nuuiher. TnE Califoknh Aoricitltcrist and Live Stock Jouknal for June is on our table, replete with interesting matter to the farmer and stock raiser. Subscribe for it aud you will perform an act which will greatly enhance your interests. — tSolano Republican, June 15. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ]nU^* Iiexington. BY JOHN G. WHITTIEn. ??5? -^ '^O maddening thirst for blood bad thoy, '. No battle-joys were theirs who set -- V Against the alien bayonet ^^ Their homespun breasts in that old day. Their feet had trodden peaceful -ways, They loved not strife, taey dreaded pain, They saw not, what to us is plain, That God would make msm's wrath His praise. No seers were they, but simple men; Its vast results the future hid; The meaning of tlie work they did Was strange and and dark doubtful then. Swift as the summons came they left The plow, mid-furrow standing still. The half-gi'ound coru-grist in ttie mill, The spade in earth, the axe in cleft. They went where duty seemed to call; They scarcely asked the reason why; They only knew they could but die. And death was not the worst of all. Of man for man the sacrifice, UuBtaiued by blood, save theirs, they gave. The flowers '.hat blossomed from their grave Have sown themselves beneath all skies. Their death-shot shook the feudal tower. And shattered slavery's chain as well; On the sky's dome, as on a bell. Its echo struck the world's great hour. The fatal echo is not dumb; The nations listening to its sound. Wait, from a century's vantage ground. The holier triumphs yet to come, — The bridal time of law and love, The gladness of the world's release, When, war-sick at the feet of Pence The hawk shall nestle with the dove,— The golden age of brotherhood. Unknown to other rivalries Than of the kind humanities, And gracious interchange of good. When closer strand shall lean to strand, Till meet beneath saluting flags. The eagle of our mountain crags. The lion of our mother-land. "Our Patriot Flag." BY GEO. COOPER. Hark to the tramp that echoes down the ages. What flag is that now streaming o'er the air? The soldier's pride, the glory of the sages- All honor be to thee. Columbia fair! The standard of Columbia now unfurl, While here we meet beneath each hallow'd fold; To tyrants foul our hate and scorn we hurl. Welcomes extending as our sires of old ! Thy natal day our patriot flag we hail, Undimm'd in lustre now each star appears In faith to thee our hearts cannot fail, While Freedom marshals on the golden years! The standard of Columbia now unfurl. While hero we meet beneath each patriot fold. Thy natal day oTir flag we hail. In faith to thee our hearts cannot fail! ! The mandates of our fsthers we should heed; One hope be ours, united hearts and hands! O still shall live each grand and noble deed, Deathlees the mem'ries of our glorious land! Thy refuge keep for all the world's oppres't Beneath thy folds we march at duty's call, While Freedom's fire shall kindle ev'ry beeast, With thee we'll conquer, or with thee we'll fall I The standard of Columbia now unfurl, While heje we meet beneath each patriot fold; Beneath thy folds we march at duty's call, With thee we'll conquer, or with thee we'll fall! Sale of Jersey Cattle.— The auction sale of Jersey cattle by A. Mailliard, at his ranch in Nicasio, last month, resulted in the disposal of forty-five head. The prices ranged from $75 to $250, which, considering that Mr. Mailliard's is prob- ably the best herd of Jersey cattle in the United States, was very low. CeBtennial Song*. BY CAUL BRENT. Twine me a wreath for the centuries! Forge me a chain for the agesi Sing me a song that shall echo Furthest down history's pages! Bright wreath and stout chain and great Bong Tassing the wisdom of ages. Wreath that through summers and winters Ever shall blossom and brighten; Chain that though broken or loosened, Ever shall strengthen and tignten; Song that in days that are darkest Hearts of the people shall lighten. Here is tbe wreath; the world'H wander; States in their sovereignty twined. Here is the chain; it is Union; States in one nation combined. Here is the song; it is Libi-rty's, Best of the births of the mind. Years that have passed are a hundred; Never bloomed blossoms so long. Cunktr and rust on tbe iron, Yet it is solid and strong. Discords have come; but tbe music Clings to the wonderful soui/- "Uncle Sam's a Hundred," Oh, ye Powers! what a roar, Such was never heard before — Thundering from shore to shore, "Uuclo Sam's a hxmdred!" Cannon boom and tnimpets bray. Fiddles squeak and fountains play— 'Tis his great Centennial day— "Undo Sam'B a hvmdred!" Stalwart men and puny boys. Maids and matrons swell the noise, Every baby lifts its voice, "Uncle Sam's ft hundredl" Nervous folks, who dote on quiet. Though they're half distracted by it. Can't help mixing in the riot, "Uncle Sam's a hundred!" Brutes that walk and birds that fly, On thf earth or in the sky, Join the universal cry, "Uncle Sam's a hundred!" Well, BuppoBO he ia— what then? Don't let us act like crazy men; Must we take to fooling when "Uncle Sum's a hundred!" FERNERY AND FLOWER STAND. Once the star-blossoms, in fury. Scattered, flew out of their course; Oiue were the stout links severed, Burst by a terrible force; Once was the harmony driven Back to its heavenly source. Past tbe convulsion, the blosBoms Multiplied, brightened again; Quickly the links reunited. Sundered and broken in vain; Sweetly the bars of the music Joined in the wonderfug strain. Fragrance goes forth to all countries, Fatal to Kaiser and King; Still to tbe chain do tbe peoples Lovingly, trustingly cling; ; Still the oppressed of all nations i Liberty's sj-mphony sing. i Thus hath it been through the century; j Thus shall it be through the ages; Thus shall the future behold it, Fairest of history's pages; Bright wreath and atout chain and great song Passing the wisdom of ages. There he stands— our modem Saul- Head and shoulders above all: Yet "Pride goes before a fall." E'en though one's a hundred. "What's a hundred in onr day ?'* Foreign Uncle Sams will say; "Let us sit and watch the play- He is but a hundred. "Granted he's a shapely youth- Fair and ruddy— yet, forsooth! He's too young— and that's the truth- Only just a hundred. '•"When he's twice as old. paxdie! 'Twill be easier to foresee What will be his destiny. Now he's but a hundred. '•When he plays his bovish pranks. Should he seek to join our ranks. We 11 reflect. But now— no, thanks! Why, he's but a hundred." Yes, our Uncle's years are few; He is young— the charge is true; Let us keep that fact in view. Though he counts a hundred. Don't let's tempt him to ignore Warnings that have gone before; Perils both by sea and shore. Now that he's a himdred. Let UB strive with earnest heart. Each of us to do his part, So that he may scape the smart. Seeing he's a hundred. And with solemn, graceful thought Of the deeds that he has wrought. Guided, cherished, favored, taught, Till he reached a hundred. Let «8, as we vaunt hla worth, Mingle bubernesB with mirth. While we shout to all the earth, "Uncle Sam's a hundred!' Ode to Jonathan. BX JOHN BDXX. I sing a Yankee, latest human growth; A hero seldom stupid, slow, or flat, But often ever sharp, or fast, or both — A self-willed, mauy-titled Democrat, Squire in New York, and Captain in the West; A Judge on California's golden strand; In the Sunny South a Colonel, at the least; But Deacon in the true old Yankee land. A rapid traveler to walk with. Alike through flowers and thomB buund to get Easy to trade. CT ilrink or talk with, [on; But very hard for any one to sit on. Who storms a battery like an old crusader; Gives freedom to a race tome carele»s minute; But would buy Satan's homestead as a trader. And ardently aver " There's millions in it." To whom e. B. O. Punfy the Press. — A subscriber writes as follows ; I like the Cai.. .-iGRicri.Triu.sT very much indeed. It we could only purify the sem-ccs of information, the newspaper press peneral- Iv, so that the masses of the people learned o'niv the truth; if the conductors of the press could bo prevailed upon to (|uit coloring; things to sustain their own side of public questions, to quit publishing with favorable comments quacks and quackery, buniliuf.'» and humbugry, and give us onlv that tliat is solid and reliable, society would make a bit;' bound forward and upward; crime of every character would bo lessened lifty per cent, in the next decade. >. Junks. iisSkS^?/ ^-:~7y« California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ittixmpn&tntt. UETTER FROM KERN ISLAND. fD. AGBioDLTnnisT: Reading the ar- ticles of your San Jose correspond- , ents in reply to Mr. Burrel's cri- j tique, reminds me of the word-war , some years ago on pruning. Both parlies are right, or very nearly so. Twenty years ago I was a strong advocate of the subsoil plow, and on lands in Ala- meda county produced the most satisfac- tory results by deep culture, causing the land to retain so much moisture that a crop of potatoes, planted the first of June, did well and made a fine yield without rain or irrigation, and a wonder- ful growth of vegetables was thus pro- duced. I took that "hobby" to Pennsylvania, and there subsoiled a large field of yel- low clay soil eighteen or twenty inches deep, using three and four yokes of oxen — expense, twenty dollars per acre more than ordinary plowed land beside it. I next took the subsoil plow — an invention of my brother's superior to anything of the kind I have seen (no i^atent on it) — to the rich land on the plains of Tulare county, expecting to put the soil in such condition that irrigation would not be needed; but there it failed me, and after repeated trials I laid the subsoiler one side, and found six inches as good, or better than a foot. So I think, perhaps, both your correspondents are right. I believe in will be of use on this Keru Island land, and hope to try it another year, then look for accounts of growth. Some of the laud may not need it, for to-day I saw a peach tree that was plant- ed last year, when it was less than an inch in diameter, that is now about as large as a New Jersey peach tree at five years. I wish I had measured it for you. I think this Island about the best place for a man to get a start, if the chills will let him alone, and though we came here at the worst time of the year for that disease, it was not so bad as represented — bad enough, but with the help of the "specific practice" of medicine intro- duced by Dr. Scudder, of Cincinnati, we can manage. Aided thus, we hope to keep moving until the health of the country is improved by clearing the land, planting gum trees, etc. I will introduce your journal to all my friends. Farmers do not read such pa- pers enough. Yours, Isaac B. Eumfokd. '\ WORKING FOR TEMPERANCE. Way-Side Watering Places. Dear Editok : Have you room for an idea about temperance work? If the best of lectures and noblest of .tracts could make this world virtuous and temperate, the work would be nearly done. But lectures and tracts contain the theory that needs to be followed up by earnest, self-denying hard work and cash outlay. I once heard of a noble woman who was devoting time and money to the dis- tribution of tracts among the outcasts of a great city. She met a poor child still following the road to destruction and re- proachfully said to her, "Did yovi not read the warning tract I gave you?" "Yes," retorted the girl; "but I could'ut eat it, and I was hungry." In the race for souls, since the world b.igau, the devil seems literally to have had possession of the inside track. Good advice comes plentifully and earnestly from the elect, but the square meals are too often furnished by the devil. I am aware that "the Lord's people," in many of the large cities, are fast waking up to the necessity of taking this inside track out of the hands of the devil and using it for God's glory. I wi.sh to suggest an investment of some of our missionary zeal and money that would relieve the tired, dust-choked, and in many cases sin-st. lined traveler from the necessity of calling at the cor- ner grocery for a drink, where often if he takes water it is so warm antl un- wholesome that if he has a "bit" he is tempted to take a glass of more loath- some drink to wash the water from his mouth. Even if he finds a wholesome drink of cool water, a few meaning glances of "Bar-keep" will make him feel mean if he enjoys a few moments' rest and leaves no cash as he walks on. I believe twenty-five earnest, patient, temperance men, owning water tanks near the public roads in different parts of the county, could head off two hund- red drinks of liquor per day during hay- ing and harvest. A piece of ground ten or fifteen feet square, thickly shaded by trees, vines or other shade, provided with some sort of stationary seats, a barrel or small tank filled with water cooled by slowly run- running during the night from the irri- gating tank, and a bright, new tin cup secured to the tank.by a chain, would be the first, and perhaps least part of the investment in behalf of those needing the ' 'cup of cold water, ' ' for tramps and hoodlums would sometimes steal the cup, let out the water and foul the place made for their comfort. Gratitude is not the heathen's first sentiment. If he lives in the south sea islands ho may eat his woiild-be benefactor; in California he is very apt to insult and plunder his best friends. Could these cool water resting places become one of the institutions of the country, and be furnished with enough water for the use of horses, they would do much towards regulating the water supply that is placed by the roadside, not for the sake of the weary, thirsty animals, but for the chance to sell their drivers a drink. That part of a jjleasure ride endured by the lady sitting in the buggy subject to the stare of from one to a dozen pairs of red eyes whoso owners are smoking and swearing on the porch whilst her gallant is watering the horse and making his acknowledgments to the "bar-keep," is not the pleasantest part of the ride. A "well-to-do Mr. Hayseed" might get into the habit of leaving his daily paper, after reading it, alongside the cool water, for even time enough to rest and look over a paper would be no loss to a home- less man looking for work. It would be a proper place to post a notice of where wrrk could ba had. It might be a good business invest- ment where fruit is sold from the orch- ard, as a locked door could be controlled by the orchardist, .and an order box like a drop-letter box be made to receive a customer's order as he drove into town, and his fruit be ready for delivery on short notice as he came back. There are other benevolent, sanitary, and Christian items easily connected with this matter, but this article is al- ready too long. In the above I aim no shaft at the le- gitimate country store or wayside inn. I would h*lp a traveler to avoid the water- ing place eslnbthhed for the purpose of sell- ing liquor. C. A. AV. Cozy Nook, June, 1876. COOL WATER. Ed. Agkil i;ltl'1!Lst : Have you room for a few lines about cool wat^'r, and a few hints about how it can be easily sup- plied on every farm? Our nights are so cool that a small stream of water running slowly a few rods will become cold enough to be very refreshing all through the diiy. The arrangement may be very simple and cheap. 'Two syrup barrels and forty feet of trough will do it. The barrels will cost about two dollars, and should be thoroughly scalded and washed to take out the syrup tasle. Set one near the water supply, and fill it. Set the other in the best cool place within reach. Hop vines will grow and cover an arbor for the barrel very quickly. Leave the shelter open on the north side. Before going to bed at night turn the faucet at baiTcl No. 1, so a small stream will run to No. 2, at the same time draw oft" the water left over in No. 2 to moisten the surrounding shelter. The plan can be modified to suit cir- cumstances. The water may bo located in the milk house, but should be so ar- ranged as to leave no permanent damp- ness about the floor. Where there is a tank raised from the ground a small pipe can be inserted and the water run any desired distance, and the larger the body of water thoroughly cooled by the night air the cooler it will keep through the day. I have practiced for years drawing a barrelof water out of my irrigating ditch, taking care to fill the barrel in the morn- ing before the sun shines on the ditch. If wo ever doubt its paying for the bother we haue only to neglect to fill the barrel one day and we have no doubt aliout it rfterwards. In the cities where ice is plenty per- haps a tank of cool water is not so necessary, yet I think there are many places where its cool waters and sur- roundings would be welcome. Where the city water comes into the chambers it would ho easy to pass a small pipe through the wall and around the house into a lower room provided with a tank that would have a cooling influence on the whole house, and by passing the water through a filter before ft entered the tank it would be improved in every respect. C. A. W. CczY Nook, June, 187G. ^M\ |5vccdcc* FINE STOCK and INTELLIGENT FARMING vs. RANCHING. ANY persons here and in the East who read about stock raising in , ... California seem to have an idea Co.* that it must be very nice to get Yi>§^l^ol'l of " f^"' thousand acres of wild hill lands and cover the same with stock a Id Mexicanci. But we who have resided on this Coast for years have seen reasons for harboring a different opinion. There was at one time an excuse for this loose method of ranching, when the lauds were open and without settlers.and not in demand for settlement. The old vaqueros could better ati'ord to take their chances of losing by drouth the increase of years of plenty. And if the cattle could live through short feed the hides and tallow when it was flush would pay well enough to satisfy an indolent ambi- tion. Such stock raising has about ceased to be desirable in this State. Only a few half-civilized adherents to it are to be found. Slowly and reluctantly they have fled before settlers and the no-fence law, which forced stock-owners to take care of their stock and not allow them to eat up the farmers' crops with impunity. These old stock ranchers have been the worst enemies the real settler has had to contend with. Any advance that has been made upon public lands that they have ranged over, has been stoutly resisted in every way they could contrive by trickery and persecution. Within a few years — just prior to the no-fence law, which we made enemies as well as friends by advocating — it was as much as a man's life was worth to pre-empt and occupy such lauds. The settlers' crops were destroyed, and armed men would threaten, and often execute threats, with pillage, rapine and murder. Nothing less than a colony, or strong combina- tion of armed settlers, backed up by law, could protect them from all sorts of abuse and damage from these cattle and sheep herding laud monopolizers. They made no improvements upon the lauds, and little or none in their own herds, but generally were content to, Arab-like, prowl over the plains a wild, pastoral people. They combined, as much as long distances would admit, to hold their "vested" rights. But thanks to the pluck of a few daring spirits, and to ad- vancing civilization, they are fast suc- cumbing. As they retreat before cultivation the real stock interests of the country ad- vance. With cultivation comes a higher branch of stock farming— better breeds of stock, lietter pastures, and something to eat when pastures are short. A di- versified system of intelligent fanning is always favorable to stock raising and stock gromng, and to improvement in the breeds of stock. Until very lately our breeders of fine stock as a specialty could find no enconr- agement in their business. Several per- sons from the East who have come here with best breeds have met with nothing but disappointment. They supposed that this State, being a stock country, would furnish a market for their fine breeds. But they have found that it requires civilized men to appreciate and patronize the best stock. As the cattle men are obliged to contract their herds before the eucroachments of settlers, some of the most enterprising have pur- chased fine stock to breed up their scrubs a little. But, as a general rule, the far- mers who till the soil are the ones who demand better breeds and make it pay to improve. Every alfalfa field creates a demand for better stock. Every well- conducted farm needs better stock, and the better the system of farming the greater the need, and the demand also. During a portion of the year only the uncultivated lands aflford valuable pas- turing. We know of several, valley far- mers who also own hill farms where they turn a portion of their stock during good pasture, and provide feed on the valley farm for them to eat during the balance of the year. They find it a money-mak- ing business. Another element against stock im- provement is the aW-ic/ieuf rancher. There is no improvement of any kind about such an one, only to get the best machin- ery to run things on a grand scale. He may make money, or lose it. He is a chance-taking farmer, and regards his undertakings as a speculator in mining stocks does, as either a winning or a losing game. He is just one step, and only one, in advance of the wild stock raisers, and must eventually give way to a better system. He stands in the way of settlement, and as long as the big land Bionopolists control things and ob- tain high rents for lands for such pur- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. poses, settlers must stand back. When civilization surrounds them and advances the price of these large tracks, and the degenerated monopolists die, and in the course of time titles split up and natur- ally fall to pieces, then will these lands become jjeopled and improved. At the present time the out-look for fine stock interests of all kinds in this State is encouraging, notwithstanding the fact that the late annual sale was a failure. There were several reasons why besides those we have already given. The interests of the fine stock "breeder ^yith those of the good farmer are iden- tical. Both are aiming to improve. The intelligent farmer must have the fine stock, and will eventually. There is no question about that. Let the breeder of fine stock lend his encouragement to- wards a better system of farming, and let the enterprising farmer patronize the intelligent and scientific stock breeder, and let both take and read the Califor- nia Agkicfltukist, and we may all be happy yet. Close Beeeding.— -Here is what we re- gard as sensible talk. Breed good qual- ities regardless of relationship. A writer in the Weslern Farm Journal, after allud- ing to a discussion on the subject by the Stock Breeders' Association, says: It has been supposed destructive to good tion of blood to that extent necessary to perpetuate merit. In breeding it is a correct principle to avoid the same defects on both sides; care should be taken to balance defects on either side, with perfection on the other. Ovee-Feeding Fine Stock for Shows. It is astonishing that breeders wiU be so foolish as to still continue the practice of stuffing, to their ruin, valuable animals from their flocks and herds, simply for the purpose of outshowing each other in monstrous fat at the agricultural fairs. See, for example what dsstruction has resulted for years past from this cause in the noble tribes of Bate's and Booth's Short-horn cattle. It is not surprising that many have died under this practice; the only wonder is that a single animal of them has survived it, and is still left with sufficient stamina to propagate its species. In a late issue, the London Agnciiltiiral Gazelle observes that this la- mentable destructionis going on in other superior families of Short-horns, and also in other breeds of cattle, for it says: "Mr. (Juthwaite has lost his celebrated cow Vivandiere. She and her calf have both died during protracted labor. The North British A(j7'iculturist of last week enumerates the disasters which have of late befallen prize animals. Among ^^^ .^^~,^ ^^^.^,^j^^i ^icotji Illative tU t?OOU H ^T T 1, . ° breeding to go into any of the forbidden , """i' M^- J^ennard s Queen Mary, which degrees of relationship. If a neighbor hood was enterprising enough to buy a fine bull, or horse, at great expense, after a certain time the animal and all his progeny must be discarded for fresh blood, which must be imported at a fur- ther increased expense, or the original improvement went for nothing and was lost. In this way, many good breeds have been frittered away and wasted, be- cause the importation could not be kept up and maintained indefinitely. This position is nonsensical in the extreme, as every intelligent breeder ought to know. How was it possible for Bates, or Webb, or Bakewell, or any of the origin- al improvers of stock, to maintain the superiority of their breeds? They had no other choice strains to run to, if they had desired to do so ever so much, for there were none in existence. It is more than probable that, if there had been, they would have kept on as they did, for when they once got a good animal, they carefully preserved all his good qualities by breeding to others possessing, as near as possible, other good points. They were compelled to do this regardless of relationship for the reasons above stated. It is now quite certain that the only way to maintain a choice breed of stock is' to keep up the intercourse between them, regardless of relationship, so long as there are any good qualities worthy o1 preservation. Any system of breeding which is based on any other principle is founded on error, and is sure to fail, as so many of our previous attempts at im- proving Western herds have failed. The true principles of breeding neces- sitate pruning the herd, therefore all fe- male animals are endowed with a time of heat, which faculty attracts the males of their kind, and inaugurates nature's requisites to the nerpetuation without deterioration. Of wild animals the prun- ing of the herd is successfully accomp- lished by the fighting of the males unto death or banishment from the herd, leaving the most vigorous males to pro- pagate their kind; the buffalo, elk and deer are instanced, showing no deterior- ation either in form or vigor, and fairly represent nature's standard, which is perfection, matured by the true princi- ples of breeding in line, and concentra- has lost her calf; Mr. A. H. Browne's Duke of Aosta, winner of many prizes, including the first at each of the three national meetings in England, Scotland, and Ireland, last season; Lady Pigot's Victoria Victrix, Rose of Wytham, and Moorish Captive, all of them royal win- ners; the Duke of Buccleuch's prize win- ning Ayrshire cow, and Mr. Scott's fine polled Angus bull Bluebeard. We rather suspect," says the Gazette, "that the un- natural state of feeding in which show- yard animals now-a-days appear has had not a little to do with the death of some, if not all the animals particularized." Yes, indeed, you may "rather" more than "suspect" this, for it is a terrible fact, and no mistake about it. I well recollect when present at one of the royal agricultural shows in England of express- ing astonishment to a celebrated breeder there that he should sell a lot of his prize animals to a competitor. "Why," I exclaimed, "in a few years he will be ex- hibiting here against you, and beat you with the produce of your own weapons." He gave me a nudge with his hand and a sly wink with his eye, and at the same time dryly remarked: "Never fear that. These animals have been fed too high to make good breeders; the purchaser of them can never beat me at a cattle show with their ofi'spring. " And still, with such a lesson before us, we Americans ai-e so foolish as to con- tinue importing prize stock from abroad, and boast of it to the public, thinking thereby to be able to sell their produce at a much higher price than such as come from animals that have not gone through the injurious process of over- feeding, in order to make a foolish show of their fine points.—^. Ji. Allen, in the American Agriculturist. [Here is a subject for the California Stock Breeders' Association to discuss. Several head of fine stock have been lost in California from this cause. It would not be a bad plan to rule out all animals that are too fat from competition in the ring altogether. — Ed. Management of Large Bulls.— .\11 stock breeders know that large bulls have a perfect disregard for fences, and therefore have to be kept in the stable, sometimes for years. Experience has shown in most cases where bulls are kept so confined, without air or exercise, that they become either impotent, or very precarious stock getters, also headstrong and dangerous to handle. I kept a Short-horn bull six years. When he was a year old, I began handling him with a rope similar to one ordinarily used to cast a horse. He would make great re- sistance, and after a struggle would have to come down. I repeated this every six months that I had him, and he never knew that he had any strength. His lofty head was leveled to the ground in a manner very humiliating to him; he was alwaj's as kind as an ox, and any child could lead him to water. Throw- ing him took the conceit entirely out of him. I then invented a plan to exercise him. I set a post in the ground about three feet high, with a cart wheel on top, then lashed a sixteen-foot ash pole across it, made a frame for his neck at the end, so that the pole would lie against his breast with a rod running out in front to tie his strap to. He verj- soon learned to go round, describing a circle thirty-two feet in diameter, with a good track. He was put in this every day, and would walk two hours. After a few days he needed no attention, as he seemed to enjoy it, and was so impatient to start that we could hardly hold him still long enough to tie him. The result of this was that he was the most active bull I ever saw; and out of eighty-seven cows served the summer he was four years old, only four missed. Some of my stock breeding friends have tried these experiments, and say that they have been the means of prolonging the usefulness of their valuable bulls for years. We all know that far too many of our high-priced and choice bulls go prematurely to the shambles in couse- of the above troubles. — Cor. Country Gen- tleman. Advantages of Raising Stock.— Farms which are devoted to raising stock that consume the crops grown ujjon them are less rapidly exhausted than those from which the crops of grain or hay are sold. Upon farms where the grain, hay and straw are fed to stock, the farmer may realize a double profit. First, by the profit arising from the sale of his stock; and second, from the larger quantity of manure he makes and applies to the im- provement of his fields and thereby in- creasing the quantity of grain, and thus he is enabled to add to the number of his stock. breed pure, and keep it improving, too, if he uses care in his selection of breed- ing animals. Then, if he has male or female animals to sell, he can get as good prices as he has had to pay. He can sell his stock for three or four times what it is worth for meat. It costs him no more to raise it, and any surplus stock he has, he can convert into meat just as well as the mixed breeds:" How TO Educate a Bull. — The Coan- trij Gentleman says: A bull should always be SO fastened that he cannot strike his attendant with his horns. He should always be handled with a staff fastened in his ring, and be taught to obey when led, just as a horse is taught. If he shows the least disposition to use his horns when being led, a twist of the staff will teach him better. He should be handled in the stable as a horse is taught to be, and should, for the sake of his health, be carded and groomed to his feet, as is a fine colt. When currying his head and neck, always have a firm hold of his ring, and never allow him to think he can push, hook or even frighten the attendant. Always keep him well groomed. ARE TENDENCIES CF CHARAC- TER INHERITED? Peofitabe Grades. — One of the great causes of disappointment, saj's a corres- pondent of Coleman's Rural, to those farmers who attempt to improve their stock, and then are dissatisfied with their success, is because they work on the cost- nothing plan, and get the cheap kind. That is, they start their im; rovement by getting a grade of its kind, ignoring the fact that the pure-bred animal, when coupled with the grade, or cold blood, produces an offspring that cannot, with any certaintj', reproduce its like in form or fattening properties. Many men will ask, Why is it so? It is because the pure-bred has been the result of scientific breeding and feeding for a limited time, while the scrub has been an amalgama- tion of races from generation to genera- tion, without an eflbrt to imiu'ove those essentials that make them profitable to the farmer. A pure breed can be raised just as cheap as a mixed breed. Each breed has its peculiar characteristics; and the farmer must first ask what hc*%ants in an animal, or of an animal, and then get the breed that most nearly meets his wants. Then ho wants to keep it pure. By buying pure males occasionally, if he is not able to do more, he can keep the ET NELL VAN. > E do not live for ourselves // alone," said a mother whose 1? pathway through life was not entirely strewn with roses. -2* The words sank deeply into my heart, and I love to feel that they are echoing and re-echoing throughout space for an eternity. If we fully realized that those who come to fill our places upon earth, bearing our blood in their veins, and with it the transmitted traits of char- acter and peculiarities of temper we pos- sess, would we not be more constantly on our guard, and strive more heartily for perfection? The atmosphere be- comes tinctured with the prevailing sen- timent of our lives, and the harmonious blending of contentment, forgiveness and sympathy, with no nervous anxiety about the future, produces a condition of peacefulness that all might envy. Such thoughts as these were passing through my mind as I sat in a friend's house, whither I had gone to pay a brief visit, when I heard a child's plaintive voice in the entry saying: " Do, ma'am — please do let us come in; we are afraid to go home now, and if ,s7ie see us we'll have to, and oh — " A flood of tears here relieved the grief-stricken little heart, while, with kind, soothing words from my friend, two little forlorn speci- mens of humanity were led into the sit- ting-room. A bright, cheerful fire burned in the grate, and Aunt Liddy sat in the soft twilight knitting. Seats were placed where two pairs of chubby hands might feel the warmth of the fire, while little by little we ventured to draw from their owners the tale of sorrow which led them to seek shelter under my friend's hospit- able roof. "There she goes now!" said one of them, pointing through the window. "She's looking for us. OhI ma'am, don't let her in hero." "No," said my friend, "you are per- fectly safe here. But is she your own mother, child?" "Yes, indeed, and a kinder one you never saw when she's in her senses. The man in the shop there always gives her a drop too much, she says, and then she never knows what she's about after that." California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 10c Then the younger one spoke up, "And she sings, and boj's follers her and chuck rocks at her, and she fall down, and the mans come out of their stores and tells her to stop her noise and go along. And she gets up and sings louder. See, lady, she is going through the park awayin' her handkcrcher. Oh! won't we catch it, P0II3' whea we get home, unless we wait till her is asleep?" My heart ached for the little souls thus dwelling upon their early grief, and my eyes followed the clumsy movements of the woman they dreaded, who, lost to all sense of shame, was attracting the at- tention of passers-by with her loud, coarse laughter and wild singing. What more repulsive sight than a woman thus degraded ! Aunt Liddy had risen and gone to the window, where, shading her eyes with one hand, she sadly gazed and sighed, then muttered, half aloud, "Poor, for- lord creatur! Nobodj' to save her from herself. Lor' sakes alive! Marian, if she don't look like Mirandy Jones as lived at Newton Corners. Don't you mind the Joneses as had such a heap o' trouble with your uncle Hi about laud? Well, Seth Jones he married an old schoolmate of mine, and Mirandy was one of their first children. The oldest was a boy, and he sickened and died. Mirandy she" — "Yes, that's what Gran'pa calls her now, Mirandy, and he lives down at the Corners, and we was there oncet, but they wouldn't keep us no longer, 'cause father fit with their hired man, and so — well, we come away arter that," inter- rupted the little one. My friend here stooped down to soothe the children by coaxing words. She en- quired their father's name, and what he was doing. "Oh, he works on the railroad, and sometimes he comes home, and more times he doesn't. Then he stops at the shop, too, and gets a drop, but then he goes to sleep there, and maybe don't come home till moruin' — leastways we are mostly gone to bed afore he comes,so we gets no tloggin' But she beats us, you'd better believe. Duct she hurted Polly's nose till it bled, and I runued away. Oh ! dearie me ! I wish — I wish my mother was like you, and never drinked a bit nor beat us!" "Here, darlints, " said kind-hearted Biddy, comiug into the room with two saucers of strawberries, with a piece of sponge cake and a spoon in each saucer. "Dry your tears now, for the lady here told me to bring this to yees, the purty childers." The sight of the fruit brought smiles to the lips and tears of gratitude to the fringed eye-lids. Polly shook back her tangled curls, and said "Thank you — thank you. Aint theyuice ladies, Betty? Why don't you tell 'em 'thank you, ' as I do?" Slowly rose the silent Betty, and lay- ing her hand in my friend's she whis- pered, "You are so good to us lady, we cannot thank you enough." Then they fell to eating, and right hungry they seemed to be, so Biddy was told to bring them some biscuits and butter, which she did, and they were also eaten with a keen relish. All this time Aunt Lidd)' sat busy viith her knitting, her thoughts, doubtless, wandering to her youthful days, for she nodded her head and muttered, "Yes, Mirauny Jones married Joe Hodgkius, and they settled — I don't mind the name of the place. Well, well; poor dears! Their lives begun under a cloud, sure enough." It was getting dark, and the children began to feel uneasy to get home. Deep- ly interested in the little ones, I offered to take them home and see the condition of things there before leaving them to the tender mercies of anybody. So, slipping on hat and shawl and giving a hand to each, we hastened through the park and down a quiet street till I was shown into a back room of a respectable-looking house. Here a scene met my gaze that never can be forgotten. A woman about thirty years of age lay sprawling at full length upon the floor, with her bonnet crushed, her shawl torn, and her features distorted. Can this be a home? thought I. The disorderly condition of the room; the table standing filled with unwashed dishes; the stove filthy; a lounge piled up with soiled clothes on top of which a cat lay asleep. As we stood in the doorway consider- ing what was best to do, we heard steps approaching, and some one whistling came in upon the scene. "Hello! Hello here! What's up here! That you, Mirandy? Been at it again, old gal? Haven't I told you— " Then, perceiving a stranger, he began bowing and scraping, saying, "Take aseat.Miss. Sorry times these! 'That there woman (would you believe it?) goes at it regu- lar. The children here can tell you what a hard time I have of it, comiug home tired from my work to supper, no fire, and she like that. 'Tis enough to drive a man mad, it is. As true as my name's Joe Hodgkins, I'll not stand it much longer!" Stepping forward, I said, "Are you the husband of that woman, and the father of these children? And do you pretend to say that you never take a drop yourself? Have you not, by your ex- ample, taught that woman this dreadful habit?" In my indignation, I said much more, and never an answer did the man offer in explanation. Thoroughly ashamed and crushed, he helped me lay the uncon- scious sleeper on the lounge, where I left them, with the promise of returning on the morrow to have a talk with the woman. Hastening back through the darkness, I related to my fi'iend the result of my visit, and then it was that Aunt Liddy told us an incident in the early life of Miranda Jones which teaches the truth of the scripture, "The fathers have eat- en sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge." "Mirandy Jones," said Aunt Liddy, smoothing her apron, "was the oldest gal of Betsey Snell, as was. We were gals together, and she married a Jones, as I said afore, and set up house-keepin' at Newton Corners. Now Seth Jones ( Mirandy 's father) was a drinkin' man, and they allers had sperrets in the house, and many's the time I've seen, with sor- row, the children fed with the leavin's of sugar in the brandy glass. Not bran- dy, p'r'aps, but 'toddy' they called it in them days. But I'm ahead of my story. Where was I? Oh! When Mirandy wasn't more'n a month old, I used to visit there proper often, and time an' ag'in I've seen Betsey feedin' o' that babe gin and hot water, sweetened, to cure collicky pains. Says I to her, 'Why, Betsey, you'l surely give the child a taste for strong drink;' and then she'd laugh and say, 'Why, Liddy, everybody gives babies drops to start the wind; in course they do,' says she. But I thought not, and cried against it every time. 'Father drinks toddy, and gin-toddy is good for the baby, ' she would say. So that was the beginning of poor Mirandy's fate. "When the other children came along, they were fed the same way, and all turned out drunkards, as I knew they would. They was all boys, and 'twa'ut thought nothiu' strange. But I never heard how Joe Hodgkins and his wife got along, but the minute I clap'd eyes on that woman I felt sure it was Betsey's child. Dearie me! How shocking! And will those pretty dears have the same in- heritance, I wonder? Marion, come, let's have a light, and let's think of something else to try to forget what can't be helped." Another instance of hereditary trans- mission, thought I. In whatever direc- tion wo turn, we find humanity subject to the same law. Notonlj- the perverted tastes of parents arc visited upon the children unto the third and fourth gene- ration, but talent is likewise handed down — sometimes lost sight of in the first, but re-appearing in the next generation. We find families of doctors, where father, son and grandson are nat- ural surgeons. We hear of artists whose immediate descendants show no remark- able talents; but among the children's children will bo found traces of their grandfather's art. It is the same with music. Even in home matters the same law of inheritance prevails, The thorough housekeeper leaves a taste for such pursuits, though early habits com- bined with the talent produce the perfect manager. Oh! ye mothers! Since three-fourths of our happiness in this life depends on the comforts derived from a well-appoint- ed home, see to it that you leave such an inheritance as will cause future genera- tions to bless your name for ever. }m\ix\f HATCHING CHICKENS IN HOT WEATHER. <^^HEEE is one very good reason why 4\L chickens should not be hatched Mjl during the warm months of sum- jjre mer: It produces a hot-bed for that Xy terribly troublesome little insect, the flea, which becomes such a source of annoyance about some farm houses that sensitive people are glad to quit the premises. If any one wishes to test the matter, let them sit hens in the mouth of August. Unless much time and care have previ- ously been spent upon the hennery, be- fore three weeks have passed, the nest will be covered with very small insects of a grayish color. If allowed to remain, in a day or two more these will have grown a little larger, become of a blood- red color, but retain the same shape as before. Visit the nest again in one or two days, and you will find these animals changed to the form of a flea, and of a brown or black color. Allow them to re- main longer, and when you return you will find these back-biters in the condi- tion of "Paddy's bug" — not there, but migrating in every direction to stock the farm and its buildings. For this reason houses and yards should be prepared purposely for poul- try. If fowls are allowed to roost on trees anTl in bams, the result will, in time, be serious. A Newhampshire dealer in fancy fowls sings the praise of his favorite breed in the following unique hymn; If you want some feathered et ] That will not your wishes m | When at their nests you daily kn }■ ock Buy some eggs or get a fl I Of the famous Plymouth R J FINE POULTRY BUSINESS IN CALirORNIA. A gentleman writes us from the East inquiring whether the business of raising fine poultry in this State will pay, stat- ing that he has a lot of fine pure-breds that he cau bring out here with him if there is sufiicieut inducement. Now, when it comes to advice, we shall neither advise one to come, nor to stay away. But we will make a few statements in regard to the business of jioultry raising here, and leave it to the judgment of whom it may concern. First, it will pay to make a business of raising tine jioul- try, if the business is rightly conducted. The demand for fancy lireeds at fancy prices is very limited, but there is a good general demand for good breeds at fair prices. The market for eggs for con- sumption is always good. Eggs are never lower here than 25 cents per doz- en. Common hens are worth SG to $8 per dozen. In a good locality where there is pure water and good range and plenty of shade, and the poultry are supplied with a variety of feed, and can get green feed all the year round, poul- try are as healthy and as easily raised and cheaply kept as in any other coun- trj'. Probably there is no country where they can be kept at a better profit, when produced for market, both poultry and eggs. We think that the business of fancy fowls exclusively could be cai-ried on with gieater returns East than in California. But for one who designs to keep best breeds for profit, and to breed fine fowls, also eggs to be sold at reason- able prices to such as wish to improve their stock, we are certainly setisfied that there is no better place than California, and iu California no better place than in the vicinity of San Jose. Lands within ten milts of San Jose can be obtained from §60 to $600 per acre. One hundred dollars per acre will get as good land and locality as desirable. The worst thing to contend with here iu the poultrj' business is vermin, which breed in our climate wonderfully fast. And an important injunction is, in our dry season, to supply plenty o£ green, feed, as poultry will not keep healthy without it. While caring for the poultry, an orch- ard can be started and kept growing in the range as well as not. Indeed, there are no two branches of farming that pay better together than orcharding and poulti-y raising. CAME FOWLS. Mr. L. E. Matteson, of Stockton, whose card can be found in our Directory, writes as follows. Mr. Editoe: With the additions I have made to my breeding stock the past year, from the Eastern States and Europe, I have now the finest collection of Game fowls on any one breeder's yards on the Pacific Coast. My stock consists of the following varieties: English Black-breast- ed Reds, willow legs; English Black- breasted Reds, white legs, of the Sir Heathcoate strains; and Fish Blue Grey; all imported by myself. Also, the fol- lowing American varieties: Tartars, Bat- tlers, Eslins, Jack McClellans, and a fine strain of pit fowls. Should I receive any orders through your agency, I will guarantee satisfaction to first hands. All birds are warranted thoroughbred and true to name. References from former customers given if necessary. Respectfully, L. E. Mattesox. Keep Chickkks Sckatching. — The fol- lowing, from the Journal of Horiwulture, is very sensible: "Shelter afforded by 104 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. doors and posts is almost useless. We want the shade of living uudergroth, l>e- ueatli which the chickens can creep and rest. Chickens, again, mnstbe occulted. Those runs which are only a few yards square, and which are daintily swept over every daj' to make them look tidy for visitors, are useless for chickens. Nothing can grow or keep healthy in those smooth billiard-table-like runs. Chickens want to be occupied and must be kept busy. The runs must be dug up and piles of the loose dirt thrown up one day on another, and the chickens will delight in leveling these. A capital way to keep chickens on the scratch is to throw their whole corn always down among loose dirt or a lump of straw. The sexes, too, must be separated in good time. Some breeds are more pre. eocious than others, and so we can fix no reliable date for their separation; it must depend on the breed and breeder's expe- rience. There is, however, another point which we think quite as important — namely, moving every little while the pullets of the larger breeds, where size is a desieratum, from yard to yard, for we are convinced it retards maturity and laj'ing at an early age, and so greater size is produced." Cuke or GjIpes. The Lancaster Var- mer saj's: "In a recent conversation with an experienced chicken raiser, he inform- ed us that he had been very successful in conquering the gapes in young fowls by the application of air slaked lime. As soon as a manifestation of the gapes appears, he confines his chickens in a box one at a time, and jilaces a coarse piece of cotton or linen over the top. Upon this he places the pulverized lime, and taps the screen sufficiently to cause the lime to fall through. This lime dust the fowl inhales and it makes it sneeze, and in a short time the cause of the gap- es is thrown out in the form of a slimy mass of worms, which had accumulated in the windpipe and smaller air vessels. This remedy he considei's superior to any he has ever tried, and he seldom fails to effect a perfect cure. He has abjured all those mechanical means by which it is attempted to dislodge tfie worms with in- struments made of whalebone, hog bris- tols or tine wire, alleging that people are quite as apt to push the creatures further down the throat of the fowls as to draw them up. An Eog-Pkeseeving Pickle Recipe. Throe quarts lime, tablespooeful cream tartar, one cupful salt, and water enough to fill a five gallon tin can, after seven- teen dozen eggs have been carefully put within the can. To the water add the other ingredients, stir up well and pour it on the eggs and keep them in a cool place entirely covered by the pickle. The lady subscriber who furnished the above keeps her eggs perfectly sweet with the above treatment, and by special request, after writing the above recipe, she boiled me an egg that had been in pickle four months, and I found it per- fectly sweet and free from all shadow of taint or any objection of any kind, and would trust them fully as soon as the freshest eggs in any of cur markets. She usually gets the highest price ol fresh eggs, and does not sell till they are about fifty cents a dozen. Feeding Fowls pei'per.^I witnessed for the first time, at the late Crystal I'alaco bird show, the results of [lepper feeding, and was greatly pleased, as well as surprised, at the wonderful improve- ment in color of the numerous specimens so treated. I look upon the treatment as fair and legitimate, and in no way deserving the name "triek." which, I am sorry to say, has been applied to it; such a term of rej^roach should be re- served for all dishonest interference with the outside of competing birds, such as drawing, trimming, or staining feathers. Whatever can be effected through the medium of the secreting organs of any bird cannot fairly be termed artificial or unnatural, unless everything be so nam- ed which difi'ers from the mode of life and food of the bird in its original state. The object aimed at in the treatment of all domestic animals is an improve- ment upon their natural or wild state; and in the case of the canary bird bred in confinement, cayenne pepper, volun- tarily eaten, is no more unnatural to it than the egg and cake with w'hich show birds have been regularly fed for years. The system of maulting birds in close, warm cages, feeding them at the same time on more stimulating food than sim- ple seed, has long been recognized as a necessity, where depth and richness of color are desired. The new mode of feeding on cayenne pepper is simply an extension of this rule, and whether discovered accideutly or as the result of an experiment, is, in I my humble opinion, the great improve- ment in the treatment of our favorites that I have witnessed. If it could be shown that the health of the birds was injured by such food, there would be some ground for objection on the score of cruelty; but, as from all I can learn, such is not the case, but rather the con- trary. I, for one, hail the discovery with great satisfaption. Depth of color has been the point chiefly aimed at in many varieties of canary, and here it is beyond the expectation of the oldest fanciers, and permanent or not, according to the continued treatment of the bird. I would, in conclusion, lay down one simple rule for all, viz: Put whatever you like in- side the bird, that it willingly takes with- out injury; but forbid, under the strict- est penalties any interference with the outside. — Cor. Poultry Eei'kv (Enqlaiid). Poultry Profits. — Every year poul- try keeping grows more profitable. We do not refer now to the rage for fancy fowds, but are speaking of the profit in raising fowls and eggs for the city market. As the progress of civilization creates great cities, and sets apart extensive classes of dwellers indoors with appetites for articles of food less hearty and gross than the pork and beans, and cornbeef , and rye and Indian bread of our ances- tors, the demand for the products of the poultry yard increase. Farmers who have been heretofore in the habit of despising poultry-keeping as "small jiotatoes, " are waking up to the fact that there is sometimes greater profit in it than in more pretentious op- erations of the farm. The valuable importations of fowls made in late years are encouraging to the pursuet, and the study given to im- prove management augments the profits. Eggs by Weight.— We have advocated the plan of selling eggs by the pound for years, and now we see an opening to Viriug the thing about. We think it as unfair to sell eggs by count as it is to have short weight in raisins: On testing the difierence we find about this result: Small eggs will weigh say one pound per dozen, medium one three-fourth pininds, while large will weigh two ono-fourth pounds. We think that one three-fourth pouuds is about a fair average. We buy about fifteen hundred dozen \WY month from producers, and wo find all the above ditt'erence in the weight. I'arties claim that the hens that lay the snndl eggs will lay the greatest number. Now just see wluit a premium we are paying for the pi'oduction of an inferior article. We still notice, and this by experiment, too, that the shells of two pounds of meat from the small eggs weigh nearly double that of the large eggs. We will try to explain our idea: For instance one wo- man brings us four dozen eggs that weigh four pounds; we pay her eighty cents for them; she says nothing; it is her due, twenty cents per dozen for her eggs; an- other comes, has two dozen eggs, we pay her forty cents, weigh her eggs, and find she has four pounds, and she does not complain — twenty cents per dozen for eggs. Now, we say justice demands that we Jjay at least as much for the two dozen that weigh four pounds as we do for the four dozen that weigh four pounds, while the shells of the four doz- en weigh much more than the shells of the two dozen. Difference in these fig- ures are intended for extremes, yet it is of every-day occurrence that we find them both. Our opinion is that the price should be based on the rate of ten pounds to the lOU eggs. — Cor. Ameri- can Grocer. r Poultry DouciH.--We disagree with those who recommend a thin batter of oat, or corn-meal for fattening fowls. Better moisten the meal just enough to keep it together and then give the drink by itself. It is well known- that dyspepsia may be induced in the human subject by an exclusive diet of thin soups. The philosophy of the matter is, that the gastric secretions are so diluted, that they are not strong enough to properly dissolve the nutritious portions of the food. This reasoning will apjily, at least with partial force, to poultry. Their digestive powers are very strong, but this is no reason why they should be em- ployed at a disadvantage. — roultry Jour- nal. (Khc fliiitn. fs A Ct-ood Cow. Long in the face, she's flue in the horn, Quickly gets fat without cake or corn; Clean in the jaws and full in the chine. Heavy iu Hunk and wide in loin. Broad iu the ribs and long in the rump. Straight and flat-backed, without e'en a bump; Wide in the liips and calm in the eyes, Fine in the shoulders and thin in the thighs. Light in the neck and small in the tail. Wide in the breist and will fill the milk-pail; Fine of the boue and silky of skiu. Airy without, a meat market withm. cheese are made. Better-conducted but- ter dairies than some of them it would be difficult to find in California, or any- where else. The land is rolling and hilly, rising to mountains in places. The herbage seems well adapted to produce good milk, while the ocean breezes that blow almost every day give a temperature admirable adapted for butter making. Gradually the land is being seeded to the best grasses adapted to that locality, and I was shown several enormous iron cases filled with Australian rye grass seed, im- ported by Mr. Howard. Mr. Evans has been watching the experiment of intro- ducing this grass for two or three years, and is very enthusiastic in its praise. The gener:rl arrangement of the dairy houses and the apparatus used in the same in all but one of the dairies, and the form of molding the butter into two- pound rolls, is alike in all. The butter- worked used is the best one I have ever seen. It consists of a circular board, about four feet in diameter, raised about two feet from the floor, and having a deep groove cut near its edge, with an outlet at a point on the board slightly lower than any other point. About four inches above is another circular board, some six inches less in diameter than the lower one. This upper boai-d revolves, and upon it the butter is worked, the butter milk and brine dropping to the lower board, and thence away. The lever of paddle used is flat and not heavy. Milk is set in pans; the various milk rooms having a capacity of 900 to 1,300 pans. In slumming, the edge of the cream is loosened with a blade of horn or wood, the pan tilted a little and the cream poured olf. In most dairies the cream is kept one day before churning, and is worked, salted and molded the same day it is churned; the bleached cot- ton wrapping for each roll of butter be- ing put on one day later. No coloring is used, though it would at times be an advantage to use a little, in my judgment. When market prices are satisfactory, the butter is shipped twice a week by rail or by schooner, being packed in flat boxes holding about sixty rolls. The Point Keyes dairymen are now packing their butter to hold until autumn. The rolls are placed perpendicularly in barrels, and a clear brine poured in until the cask is full. I question the wisdom of all the dairy- men in California running in one rut as to style and form of putting up their but- ter, simply because their commission meu tell them "that the market will take noth- ing but two-pound rolls. I hear of no gilt-edge dairies — of none who are able to command a fancy price — and until some of them get out of this rut of uni- versal uniformity of form and package, I sh.all not expect to hear of any. Most of the butter which I saw at Point Keyes was very good indeed; some of it was of superb quality, having solidity, perfec- tion of grain, and a fragrance and aroma that left nothing to be desired. Among the very choicest dairies was that of Mr. T. B. Crandell, who milks 250 cows, and gives his own personal at- tention to the management of the affairs of his ranch. He has been a long time resident on Point Reyes, and is one of the most intelligent agriculturists whom I have met in this State. Mr. Henry Claussen, a Swedish gentleman, rents two of Mr. Howard's ranches and dairies, keeping on one 200 cows, and on the other about 180. Atone of these dairies Mr. C. has tidion a "new departure," for the Pacific Coast. He discards the use of pans, and although he has a very in- adequate supply of water, yet he puts the milk into large and deep cans, which DAiRYINC IN CALIFORNIA. Anionj; the Oiiiries Jit Point Reyes. 1 of the butter dairies at Point Reyes that I iutend to write, and as 750,000 pounds of butter are every year shipped to market from there, it is surely a point worthy of notice. hour's ride by steamer from San Francisco to San Queutin, and thence two hours in the narrow gauge cars of the North Pacific Coast R. R. brings one to Olema. Here I met Mr. Wm. Evans, the gentlemanly superintendent in charge of the enormous ranches belonging to Charles Webb Howard, Esq., and the estate of Judge Shiifter. These ranches aggregate nearly 70,000 acres, and there are at present nearly 3,000 cows upon them. I rode with Mr. Evans two full days, spending the time iu visiting the dairies on one jjart of Mr. Howard's place. Of these there are nine, with from 150 to 250 cows on each. Butter is made exclusively at all these dairies, ex- cepting one, where butter and skimmed | are placed at once in the tank of water California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ' These cans are 20 inches in diameter by 22 inches deep, the bottom being raised about three inches above the lower edge of the sides, with several large holes through this lower projecting edge, to admit of the passage of air or water un- derneath. As in all the other dairies where the common pans are used, Mr. C. skims these pans after 3C hours, and he is con- vinced that he gets fully as much butter as he does at the other dairy which he controls. I regret that he has not made some exact and careful experiments by way of arriving at more exact data. As soon as skimmed, this milk, now 36 hours' old, is at once put into the cheese vat, and the temperature raised to 82° or 84", when the coloring, rennet and the buttermilk, are added, and the milk covered for forty minutes. The curd is then cut pretty fine, but no farther heat is added. While the curd is still in a soft state, the vat is tilted and the whey slowly drawn off'. As the curd hardens a little, it is (lipped out, salted at the rate of two pounds per hundred pounds of cheese, ground and put to press. For such cheese, (and one that I tasted, which was three weeks old, was really a good skimmed cheese,) when only ten days old, Mr. Clausseu readily gets nine cents per pound in San Fran- cisco. When Mr. Claussen ventured to try this system of dairying, he was laught at by many of his Point Reyes neighbors, but with such results following the effort it is my opinion that he can stand it. The cheeses are 14 inches in diameter, flat, and weigh about 25 pounds each. In February last Mr. Claussen made the following test: From milk by deep-set- ting, with water at 55" Fah.,'2(; pounds of such milk gave one pound of butter and one and eight-tenths pounds of skim cheese. The same day and date, 25 J^ pounds of milk, shallow-setting, gave one pound of butter. The milk was sour at skim- ming and fit only for hogs. Of course, as the season advances and the grassts mature, the yield of butter to the given quantity of milk will be greater, and there will also be a greater amount of cheese. On his ranch of 200 cows, where but- ter alone is made, Mr. C. made and sold last year 33,000 pounds of butter. After making a fair allowance for poor and dry cows, and the milk, cream and butter consumed by a family of fifteen persons or more, we have an average of at least 175 pounds of butter per year for each cow. From his other ranch, of less than 200 cows, Mr. C. last year sold 31,000 pounds of butter, and 45,000 pounds of cheese, while the sales of pork from both places amounted to $2,300, which sum he expects to exceed considerably this year. Mr. CrandelUast yearm.irketed 42,000 pounds of butter from 250 cows, and was making 200 pounds daily when I was ' there, from 217 cows, all told. Mr. Evans marketed, in 1875, 31,000 pounds of butter from 161 cows. In some tests recently made, 22 pounds of milk produced a pound of butter. The cows are mostly Short- horn crossed with Ayrshire, with some Devons. In some of the dairies selected cows in flush of feed have yielded daily 54 pounds of milk. On the whole, this is doubtless one of the finest and best systematized of the Large ranches or farms in our country. Mr. Howard owns the _ land and build- ings, with their fixtures' and the cows, receiving a yearly ren of $27 50 per cow for the use of the ranches. — Gardner B. Weeks, in Country Gentleman. Relative Cost op Butter and Beef. Did it ever occur to any of your readers that it takes more feed to make a pound of beef than a pound of butter? A good cow, well cared for, will make 200 pounds of butter in a season, worth from $G0 to $70; but a di-y cow with the same feed will not gain as much in weight in the same time, nor will she be worth as much as the butter from the dairy cow, and the milch cow is left. An acquaint- ance of mine is fattening an ox, and in sixty days he had fed him fiOO pounds of meal, at a cost of $15, with only 100 pounds gain in weight. — Kx. Poke W.iter fob Cattle.— Mr. X. A. Willard, iu a late paper before the Con- necticut Farmers' Convention, spoke as follows : Many cases of fever have been traced to the milk drawn from cows by the attendants of sick persons; also the impure water with which milk pans were washed. Cows that drink impure water give unwholesome milk. #ilttati0ttal A Country School. Pretty and pale and tirod She Bits in her stiflf-bftck chair, VThile the blazing bumnier sun Shines in on her soft brown hair; And the tiny brook without. That 6he hears through the open door. Mocks with its murmur cool Hard bench and duety floor. It seems B\ich an endless round — Clrammar and A, B, G; The blackboard and the sums; The stupid geography; When from teacher to little Jem Not one of them cares a straw. Whether ''John" is in any "case," Or Kansas in Omaha. But Jemmy's bare brown feet Are aching to wade in the stream. Where the trout to his luring bait Shall leap with a quick, bright gleam: And his teacher's blue eyes stray To the flowers on the desk hard by, Till her thoughts have followed her eyes With a half-unconscious sigh. Her heart outruns tlie clock As she smells their laint sweet scent; But when have time and heart Their measure in unison blent ? For time will haste or lag. Like your shadow on the grass. That lingers far behind. Or flies when you fain would pass. Have patience, restless Jem. The stream and the fish will wait; And patience, tired blue eyes- Down the winding road by the gate. Under the willow shade, Stands some one with fresher flowers: So turn to your books again, And keep love for the after hours. THE SUBJECT .OF EDUCATION. /.SHE subject of education is a pretty Tiblile, unless it is used as an influence for some personal ends. It often hajipens that the most unpop- ular iiiilividual leaves a valued record. The world, though progressive on the whole, does not show its progress in the footprints of individuals. Nevertheless, individuals are the landmarks, the guid- ing spirits through which progress is developed. Truth, in its march, has many obsta- cles to encounter; but it is a kind of positive element that supersedes and dis- places error, so sure as truth is good and eiTor is bad. It is only a question of time. The linn individual, who plants him- self on the ramparts to do battle for principle, who has no compromises to make with wrong, is goaded and maimed at every turn, till truth forces itself up- permost. The most popular class in the world are those who, though they may have opinions of their own, are governed more by circumstances than by their opinions — more by policy than by principle. Hence, the individual of positive and af- firmative character has no negative prin- ciples. In God, or truth, or principle he trusts. To him An approviug smile from the wise and uoud Is prelerred to the shout of the multitude. He does not seek the honors and emolu- ments of the world at the expense of his own individuality and his own manhood. Not being dependent on others for his thoughts, he is independent in his mode of reasoning. As he reflects his own thoughts in his own language, how not to say things is one of the fine arts to which he lays no claim; and he often says things too blunt for the undecided, and too unpopular for the equivocating or negative miud. Therefore, as a reward for the personal sacrifices he is always making, he trusts to time to vindicate him. His reward seldom comes to him- self j5ersonally; but, like the great Amer- ican statesman, Henry Clay, he feels that "he would rather be right than to be President." But what kind of jihreno- logical organization does it take to make the popular man of the world? The question needs no answer. IViORE THAN ONE WOMAN IN THE HOUSE. (lEANDMOTHEIi's ADVCE. There should be two women in every house, especially the farm house. AVe do not mean by this, gentlemen, that every man should have two wives. Oh, no! But we do mean that friend, moth- er, sister, aunt, grandmother — somebody — should be companionship for the main housekeeper. We will take the case of a family con- sisting of six members — father, mother, and four children ranging from one to ten years. They live on a grain frarm. The children are not old enough to do farm labor, therefore help must be em- ployed— from one to three men — making from seven to nine in family. How much of sunshine and free air may we conclude this housekeeper en- joys? How much time among the flow- ers? How much time to read and keep posted, so that when company calls she can converse with her husband and them on the various topics of the day? How much time to call out the minds of her children, and instruct them as only a mother can? Perhaps an hour or two on Sunday, provided that then there are only two meals. How diU'erent would it be it only some one were with her, to change work with her and allow her to work among the flowers now and then by way of change, or spend a half hour in the poultry yard among the young broods, or in company with the children to go and gather bo- quets of wild flowers by way of diversion — anything to permit the mother now and then to relax her nerves, to throw ofl' restraint, and yet feel that the wheels of the household ai'e not clogged the mo- ment her hands cease to labor. Oh! if men only knew how much of sunshine they shut out of their own presence, out of their own domain, by having a weary, tired companion about them, instead of one able to give off vitality to husband and children! But vitality cannot be manufactured and cheerfully maintained without the presence of certain elements. Fresh air, sunshine, cheerfulness and rest from care are Nature's greatrestorers. While nine- tentbs of the farmers' wives have been, and are to-day, using up not only all their natural strength, but using addi- tional stimulus to carry on their work — instead of enjoying the situation,the lovely scenery of the country, the free air, the groves and flowers — they find country life a constant wear and tear of nerve force. I could write a book on this subject and minor ones connected with it, but will conclude by saying, See to it, O, man of the farm, that there are two women in your household, even if one should be only a Chinaman. Anything to give relief to the tired wife and mother is better than to let her wear out with hard work, anxiety and suft'eriug. But better than a mere servant is a compan- ionable person, a relative or friend, whose service is not only paid for but is sought after and reciprocated in kindness and mutual sympathy and human equality. DRIFTING DOWN THE STREAM OF LIFE. BY BLANCHE. Down the stream of life we are drift- ing. Our boat at first glides smoothly along over the rijiling brooklet; the shin- ing pebbles glitter in its bed; the trees and shrubs, in their robes of green, stretch forth their moss-covered, ivy- mantled arms to shelter and protect: the merry birds twitter among the boughs, while the rising sun drapes the landscape and the stream in beauty's most adorn- ing robes; the over-hanging branches, softly swayed by gentle zephj'rs, drop their brightly-tinted blossoms, which dance and wrestle with the waves, then quickly disappear; here and there a modest lily peeps above the water's edge: all is gaiety, hope and happiness. Pure and uudeiiled as the flowers on the brink, we thoughtlessly sail down the stream. The winding, ripi^ling brooklet is changing; gliding away are childhood's happy hours. In youth and manhood we iind ourselves in a wider, deejier stream, surrounded by objects more striking and magnificent — by dashing waves, whistling winds, tumult and con- fusion. One moment we are in fancied security, the next, in the greatest dan- ger; for a while elated by success, then depressed and miserable with disappoint- ment. When shipwrecked, we strive in vain to anchor; — our voyage may be hastened — it. cannot be delayed. Time, the stern boatman, has unfurled the sail, and on we are borne, our joys and our griefs alike left behind. Too soon we feel the chill of winter, and snow-flakes may be seen falling on the golden hair. Wave-tossed, weary and worn, our frail bark bears us on until we hear the rush- ing tide, are launched into the ocean, and wafted over the crested waves to the "better shore of the spirit land," just ns the setting sun of our life-day sinks to rest beneath the waves, painting with its gorgeous tints landscape, sky and sea. What Mkn Need Wives rou. — It is not to sweep the house, make the bed, darn the socks and cook the meals, chiefl}', that a man wants a wife. If this is all he needs, hired help can do it cheaper than a wife. If this is all, when a young man calls to see a lady, send him into the pantry to taste the bread and cake she has made; then send him in to insi^eet the needlework and bed- making, or put a broom in the young lady's hand and send him to witness its use. Such things are important, and the wise young man will quickly look after them ; but what the true man wants with a wife is her companionship, sym- pathy and love. The way of life has manj' dreary places in it, and man needs a companion to go with him. A man is sometimes overtaken by misfortunes; he meets with failure and defeat; trials and templations beset him, and he needs one to stand by and sympathize. He has some hard battles to fight with poverty, enemies and .sin, and he needs a woman that, when he puts his arm around her, he feels he has something to fight for, and that she, being a true woman, will help him to fight; that she will put her lips to his ear and whisper words of counsel, and her hand to his heart and impart inspiration. All through life, through storms and sunshine, through conflict and victory, through adverse and through favoring winds, man needs a woman's love. His heart yearns for it. A sister's or a mother's love ^will hardly supply the need. Yet many seek for nothing further than success in house- work. Justly enough, half of these get nothing more; the other half, surprised beyond measure, have gotten more than they sought. Their wives surprise them by bringing out a noble idea in marriage and disclosing a treasury of courage, sympathy and love. Husbands and Wives. HUSBANDS. Applclon's Journal says: Ingratitude and indifference sometimes mar the char- acter of men. A husband returns from his business at evening. During his ab- sence, and throughout the live-long day, the wife has some little surprise, some unexpected pleasure, to make his home more attractive than ever. He enters, seemingly sees no more of what has been done to please him than if he were a blind man, and has nothing more to say about it than if he were dumb. Many a loving wife has borne in her heart an a- biding sorrow, day after day, from causes like this, until, in process of time, the fire and enshusiasm of her original na- ture have burned out, and mutual indif- ferences spreads its pall over the house- hold. wives. Many women have little idea of how greatly they shock the tastes and really endanger the att'ections of their husbands by their unseemly domestic apparel. There is not a man of sense and refined feeling anywhere who would not prefer some simple and chaste adornment for the wife in the morning to anj- extreme of splendor at the evening ball. Let a woman by all means dress brilliantly on those occasions that render it proper. We have no desire to abrige her privileges nor baffle her instincts in this particular; but we claim that it is important for her, if she value her household serenity, that she should give equal heed to her custom- ary domestic attire. The female who goes about the house untidily dressed has no right to the title of woman. She is without thosee marks and indications by which she can be so classified. -HousEUOLU Help. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ' fail to consider how great is the need of lielp for those in charge of the house- h^'ki. The wearied, worn wife and moth- • would be glad to have some one help ! . if but to do some of the lighter V- rkjbutshe too often finds the help hired more annoying and troublesome than would be the doing the work her- self. The cry comes up continually for help, good, reliable, willing workers, who are ready and willing to take hold and work, and to learn to do what they do not now understand how to do. This cry comes from the country as well as from the towns and cities. It is not the cry of distress, coming from those sink- ing amid the waves of the surging sea; but it is the cry for help from those who are worn down with labor, weariea with engrossing cares and anxious waiting for a change in troublous times. It is a constant working, watching, waiting strain between no help and poor help, that is killing many a fond mother work- ing to keep the family agoing. Will not the boys and girls, and the father too, open they eyes to these things, and turn a helping hand to lift the weight that is slowly, but all too surely, wearing away the life of her whose only object now is to sustain her husband and children? UP-COUNTRY LETTERS— NO. 6 BY EACH EL A, ELY. Imagine me — yes, it is myself, truly — able to be nurse to one more unfortunate and ailing than I am. Even so. My hostess, out of Christian kindness (though she smilingly disavows being a Christian, but I'd like to know what it is then) undertook to help the sick woman, and finding her no worse the day follow- ing her first treatment, she again went to work, giving head and sits baths, hot packs, tepid injections to the bowels, co- pious water drinking, and, best of all, hope and rest. (You see I talk quite learned already, and I intend to be more learned some day.) But as it is impos- sible for her to be here and see that her orders are obeyed, and there is no other woman to be had for miles around, I have offered to give my little mite to- wards Christian aid. So my good friend comes over after her own work is done, and baby asleep for the children to watch, and gives what treatment is need- ed and leaves orders for what is to be done, and I can see they are executed by her oldest girl, who is a very capable child, and, like her mother, a worker. The husband, too, gives as much of his time as he can from the harvest field, doing most of the cooking (I wonder how he likes "three meals a day"). So here I sit, watching the half-uncon- scious life on the bed, and think and wonder if it indeed is I, who only six short months ago was "waiting, only waiting" for death to relieve me of all aches and pains and set my spirit free. How long the time seemed then, while now how swift the days go by, when looking ahead to coming strength and health. You of robust body and sound head cannot understand nor sympathize with us invalids who have almost felt the icy breath and unloosed so many earth ties that life itself had lost all but the dim and far off hope that to live meant to help to make the world and its people better, if possible. Right, for right's sake, not from fear of doing wrong. And above all, have I felt how untruthful and faithless are the lives of the masses. Welladay! Let me endeav- or, Oh! Wise, All Father, to be true to others and myself, if indeed my life is to ' blossom into flower on this earth. May the fruit thereof be worthy the deep soul pruning and heart culture received and endured. If this sick woman gets well — and it may be so — I wonder what the doctor will saj-- and also whether the husband will be quite as generous as he thinks he will be. Half his farm is the price he declares he will give to save her. I do hope he will have the opportunity of helping these poorer neighbors, or at least speak in kindness of them and their odd ways. We will watch and wait. AN "INCLEWOOD" SENTIMENT. Mr. Editor: As "Aunt Mary" and friend "Inglewood" have been publish- ing their love letters in your interesting journal, as I suppose, for the benefit of your readers, I will ask permission to suggest a few friendly criticisms. In "Grandfather's Letters, No. 9," the "trio" seem to be sufficiently satisfied with friend Inglewood's sentiments, as expressed in his letters, to invite him to call aud make a closer acquaintance, and if, on further acquaintance, they find nothing more objectionable than what has already been shown, his prospects will be encouraging^ Now, I wish to suggest to "Angio" that I am afraid she has overlooked one sentiment expressed in Inglewood's letter No. 8, where he explains himself on the "masculine su- premacy" that he has been asked about. He says, "it is to the husband's home and business, style and mode of life the wife always comes, hence he only is com- petent to judge how far he may deviate from that course." Now, my dear sister, what are to infer from this sentiment? So far as I understand it, he will expect you to look upon the home, with all its appurtenances, as belonging to him, and that you will accept the situation in that home as his wife and governess to con- duct the institution according to his will and pleasure, whether it suits you or not; for, mark you, he says "to the husband's home," etc., and "he only is competent to judge" if there shall be any change. Now, lest I seem wearisome, I will close for the present by asking to be ex- cused for medding.with other people's love letters. Girls' Eights. Soquel, June, 1876. A (DO)-NUT TO CRACK. Mr. Editor: I wish to ask, through your columns, a little more information from "Snip." In the last (June) Agri- rULTUhisT she gave some receipts for cake that would lead anyone to think that she had reached the hight aud depth of economical art. In my housekeeping I wish, and try to be as economical as possible; but I must confess that I don't see how anyone can make doughnuts without flour, and have them good enough for the fastidious "Mary Moun- tain" to praise. My eft'ort to make any eatable of them was a decided failure, but did not discourage me from trying the receipt for cookies, but with no better success. My experiment led me to con- clude that she must understand a trick of the black art that none of the most learned professors has yet conquered. I hope the art is no great secret, because a knowledge of it will be hailed with joy, and she who can tell how to cook with- eggs and flour will confer a lasting bene- fit on impecunious humanit}'. San Jose, June, 187G. Axsie. What can bo more disastrous to the farmer, than to invest all his money and strength in one crop, which, may fail in a bad season, or if the price is low it \\'ill scarcely pay for the cultivation. Dandelion Clock. clock, white clock, that prowg on the lea, Tell the hoar of the day to tue; Puff, puff, puff— onel two! three! Dear, how lato for school I shall be! Clock, you've lu&de a mutakc you know; Vou did not strike an hour ag'i! Time flies fust on a morn in May; Faster even than holiday. But puff, puff, puff — one. two, three — Surely so late it cannot be. Clock, white clock, that grows ou the lea, When comes one to marry me? A fairy prince with a crown of gold, As he came to Cinderella of old; Hie cloak of the violet's purple bloom And in his hat a fair white plume? Puff, puff, puff; puff and blow; Silly clock will you never go? Such a long weary time will it be Ere my fairy prince shall come for me? Clock, white clock, that grows on the lea, Tell me what shall my dr>wer be? How many guineas of shiuing gold Shall I couut in my lap to have and to hold? Enough to bay castles and acres fair. And costly silks aud jewels to wear? Piiff I What, all gone in one breath! Ah! mo For my jewels and castles aud ships at sea! Clock, white clock t!i;it grows on the lea, You've no pleasant tididgs to-day for me. — [Mrs. Broderik. "OUR CORNER." f:^ RIVER AND MOUNTAIN LES,S0N. * E'V'EN little boys and girls have sent in lists of rivers and mountains, competing for the premiums. First comes our little niece Olive Boulino of Saratoga, Cul., with 2G mount- ains and 79 rivers. Olive, you did not give your age, but you deserve credit for making out your list very neatly. This is what Olive writes; Aunl Polbj: I like the little folk's cor- ner so well that I thought I would write you a few lines, though I am afraid my letter \\nll not bo very interesting. I found 26 mountains and 79 rivers west of the Rocky Mountains. Good by. Olive. Well, Olive, the only way to WTite is to try, and you have done pretty well. Next comes our little Laura, and this is how she writes : Dear Aunt Polly: I am 11 years old, and I have made a list of the rivers and mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. I have found 54 mountains and 146 riv- ers. Y"ours, truly, Lacka Eubdeck. Pomona, Los Angeles Co., Cal. Your list is very well gotten up, Lau- ra. You write a very plain hand, and have numbered each one in rotation very nicely. And next comes Master Alther, right into the Aghicclturist office with his list. The printer told him he should write a letter to Aunt Polly, and with a pencil at the table he wrote the following in less than five minutes, without a sin- gle mistake: Dear Aunt Polly: I saw the puzzles and geography lesson, but as I am not a good hand in guessing puzzles, I tried to see how many rivers and mountains west of the Rocky Mountains I could get. I got 177 rivers and 71 mountains. Next time I hope I will do better, if there is any- thing like this. Y'ours, respectfully, Alther Fkldman, San Jose. Thank you, Alther. It is a very good ambition to have, to want to do better. That is why you have done so well now. Now comes a little niece from as far away as Michigan. Hear what she says: Dear Aunt Polly: My uncle takes the Agbiccltcrist. He got home from Cal- ifornia the 2l8t of April. I read the Agbicultcbist, so I thought I would try and see how many rivers and mountains I could find west of the Rocky Mount- ains. Here is my list of 78 mountains and 132 rivers. I was 10 years old last February. My uncle likes California real well, and when we sell our place here we are going out there to live. Good by. Lucy Ford. Strickland, Isabella Co., Mich. Very good, Lucy, for a girl of 10. Yon are the only one who classified your riv- ers and mountains by Territoriea and States, but you mixed the names together too much on the page. Aunt Polly thinks yon are ahead of any of your age in the class. Out little niece in Salinas comes next. Hear her. Aunl Polly: I tried to see how many rivers and mountains I could get. I found 100 mountains and 149 rivers. I am 12 years old. I shall have to stop. Yours, truly, Gertie Smith. SaUnas City, May, 1876. Now, Gertie, if you had not said "I shall have to stop," your letter would have been just us good. Your list is very neatly gotten up, not mixed at all, but every one plain. You deserve a credit anyway. From Plymouth, Amador Co., comes our little niece with more mountains than anybody. Here what she says: Dear Aunt Polly: I was fourteen years old last January. I have got 309 rivers and mountains and peaks. I did not know whether you would count peaks or not. Good by. Your niece, SARAh Sat.t.e. Aunt Polly finds that Sarah has 118 mountains and 191 rivers, which is a very good list indeed. If you had taken a little more pains in arranging your lists, it would be much easier for your .•luntie to examine them and for the printer to set them in type. Your list of mountains will be found below. But, first, we will introduce you to Walter King, of Mountain View, who brings in the largest list of rivers, 274, and 101 mountains. Well done, Walter. Walter writes a very short letter: Aunl Folly: 1 have done the best I can for mountains and rivers. I am 13 years old. Walter Kisg. We shall give Walter's list of rivers: but, first, one word. Aunt Polly offered the one under 10 years old who sent the most names of rivers and mountains a pair of chromos, also to the one under 12, and to the one under 15 years, who would send the most names of mount- ains and river a pair of chromos. Olive Bouline and Laura Burdeck have not told how old they are. So Aunt Polly will have to do this : send a pair of chro- mos to Lucy Ford, 10 years old, for riv- ers and mountains; one chromo to Sarah Salle, for most mountains; one to Walter King, for most rivers; Alther Feldman, II years, one chromo, for rivers, and Gertie Smith, 12 years, for mountains, one. This makes the three pairs of chromos, and distributes them as evenly, according to merit, as .\unt Polly knows how. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. The lists of mountains and rivers which follow fire the largest sent in, but do not include all withiug United States territory on the Pacific Slope. So now listen to this PEEMIOM OFFER. The one who will add to these lists the most uiiiucs of rivers and mountains (to be found in United States and Territo- ries west of the Kocky Mountains) a fine chromo of "Komeo and Juliet" or of "The Meeting at the Well" willbegiven. Now make this list as complete as possi- ble. You have to the 10th of August to try in. The premiums for best jiuzzles will be continued from month to month. Now Auut I'olly wants you all to do your best, and you will try, woutyouV RIVERS (Walter's list). Turtle, Colorado, Bill William, Big Sandy, Canon, Kio St. Maria, Kio St. Francisco, Colorado Chiquito, Bouche Fork, Chevlons, Cottonwood, Salinas, Puerco of the West, Mineral, William Fork, San Carlos, AyisI, Pricto, Domin- go, Santa Cruz, San Pedro, Vermillion, Flk Heak, Yampah, White, Oconagan, ( )alesteo, Kio Puerico, Virgion, Skagit, ('onejos, Dd Chaco, Kio Chilo, Swa.m- ish, Chekalis, Taxpam, Green White, I'isqualla, Cowlity, Coweema, Touchet, Calalum, Cathlapootle, Y'ahkeet, Colum- bia, M'alhnvalla, Snake, Peloose, Piscoe, Yakima. Athnam, Nachees, Wenas. Pis- chous, Y'akmsee, Spokane, Snaqualmie, Slalukahamish, Kicketat, Clarke Fork, Feather, North Fork, South Fork,Tnnis, Butte, Chico, Deer, Antelope, Beaver, Battle, Cottonwood, San Mateo, Canoe, Pitt, South Fork, Susan Pasa, Pahute, Beaver, News Fork, (Ireen, Port Neuf, Tullick Fork, Smith's, Godin's,Hellgate, Flint, Black Foot Fork, Kio de San Jose, Rio de Chaca, Zuni, Gila, Umbres, Bear, Bonito, Y'uba, St. Geraldie, San Inez, Santa Clara, San Gabriel, Santa Anna, San Jose, St. Luis, Pahute, Mohave, Ivern, Pasa, White, Tule, Owen's, San Joaquin, Kings, Fresno, Chowchilla, Mariposa, Merced, Piedras, Tuolumne, Vierengs, Stanislaus, Calaveras, Grand, Mokelumne, Casumnes, Sacramento, American, North F'k, Middle F'k, South F'k, Humboldt, Granite, Truckee, Black Kiver, Carson, Walker, West F'k, Bees, Putman, South Humboldt, North F'k, Rio Vegas, Virgin, Little Humboldt, White, Quns, American, lied F'k, F'ish, Lake F'k, Spanish F'k, Weber, Jordan, White F'k, Black's F'k, Muddy, Ham's F'k, Jewett, Green's, Sevier, Canon de Chelly, Clara, San Jann, Bitter Root, Lo-Lo, Flathead, Rock, Salmon, West F'k do., Goodins, Lemki, Big Wood, McArthur's, Kootenai, Clark's F'k Col- umbia, Big Snake, South F"k, Nortn F'k St. Joseph, South F'k do., Clear-vater, Upper Palouse, Wisser, Payette, Boice, Owyhee, Catharine, Bruneau, Malade, Middle Boice, South do.. Bear, Pannoc, Lewis F'k, Cedar Springs F'k, Goose F'k, Salt, John Gray's, Henry's Fork, Nehalem, Alseva, Yaqunua, Siuslan, Hood River, Willow, McCready, Rogue, North Umpqua, South do., Willamette, Coquill, Nolallc, Clackmas, Calapooya, North Sautiam, South do., Lonk Tom F'k, McKenzie's, Sandy, John Davs, Butter, McCready, Owyhee, Malkuer, Burnt, Powder, Fall, Cherry, Crooked, Sylvees, Grande Ronde, Umtatilla, Elk, Lost, Jordan, Granite, Guamas, Salinas, Smiths, Klk, Pelican, Klamath, Shasta^ Redwood, Scott Mountain, Salmon, Eel, North F'k do.. South F'k do., Trcnitz, South F'k, Johns, New, North F'k, Big. I Youga, Vandusens, Bear, Mad, Napa, ; Marion's, Bootdam, Gassier, Wohalla, I Russian, West F'k, Pajaro, San Benito, Nacismento, Rio Secco, St. Maria. MOtrUTAINS (SAEAH's LIST). Pinos, Arrington, Bakoit, Olympus, Constance, Cascade Range, Runier. St. Helena, Adams, Coast Range, Gavilan, Blue, Sierra Nevada, Siskiyou, White, Pitt River, Humboldt, Hamilton, Lewis, Brewer, Day, Whitney, Tamalpais, Oso, Pierce, Baker, Shuksan, Granite, Dana, Cedar, Diablo, Mayacans, Balldy, Lycl, Tyndal, Toyabl, Granite, Kawlah, Santa Cruz, St. Luisa, San Bernardino, Rogue River, Bishop, Hornet, Sweetwater, Elk, Uintah, Wasatch, JefTersou, Y'allo Balla, Hood, Spring Range, Callapooya, White Pine, Salmon River, Graham, Northside, Dome Rock, Davis, Spring, Glacier, Soledad, Sierra Lasal, Sierra Abajo, Wind River, Hornet, Hope, Pelon, Caso, Uarezo, Monument, Santa Inez, Eden, MongoUon, Coeur de Areme, St. Helena, Cedar, St. Johns, Saddle, Scott, Lynn, Umpqua, Ripley, Shasta, Inner Coast Range, Half-way, White, Zaremba, Iron, Piztos, Sierra De Platta, Diablo, Black, Campbell, Sierra Madre, Bielawski, St. Elias, Carczo, Uminham, Mary's Peak, Castle P'k, Jeff. Davis P'k, Cannon P'k, Carrey's P'k, , Spanish P'k, HumbukP',k Seven P'ks, Conie P'k, Pilot P'k, Las- sen P'k, Pj'ramid P'k, Diamond P'k, Bartram's P'k, Mud Lake P"k, Nova- cam P'k, Pilot P'k, Umunhom, Snow. Now, geography class, how many mis- takes do you find in these lists? PUZZLES. A kiss for Daisy! for she is our young- est contributor. See what a nice letter and puzzle written by her own tiny fin- gers : St. Helena- June, 1870. Dear Aunt Polly: My papa takes the Agkiculturist and I like it very much. I love to make out the puzzles. I hope you will have one every month. I am eight years and a half old. I have no brothers or sisters. I send a puzzle. My first is in wall, but not in floor; My second is in bonnet, but not in hat; My third is in girl, but not in boy; Mp fourth is in lamp, but not in light; My fifth is In orange, but not in lime; My sixth is in leaf, but not in tree; My whole is the kingdom we belong to. Good by. From Daisy Glock. Livermoee, June, 1876. Dear Aunt Polly: I received my pic- tures. I think they are little beauties. Mother said for me not to make up a puz- zle, but I have made up a small one, which I will send you. I think it splen- did fun making up puzzles, and hope you will send us something that way every month. Here is my puzzle: I am composed of 51 letters. My 1, 3, 4 is a small insect. My 1, li, 20, 30, 2.5, 3, 46 is one of the Territories of the United States. My 28, 46, 26, 29 is a small animal. My 30, 38, 44, 31 is a color. My 28, 6, 50, 40, 39 is a domestic ani- mal. My 5, 6, 21, 23 is what some children do when they get angry. My 10, 3, 20, 2i5, 3 is a vegetable. My 34, 35, 14, 16, 8, 13 is a color. My 19, 20, 32, 15, 20, 45, 23, 20, 16, 34, 20 is one of the United States. My 11, 47, 6, 35, 17 is something veiy necessary to life. My 22, 20, 48, 49, 25, 3 is a poet. My 5, 10, 27, 40, 49, 6 is a vegetable. My 18, 24, 12, 20, 13 is a girl's name. My 22, 1, 3, 51 is a pronominal adjec- tive. My 34, 28, 20, 7, 6, 15, 10, 5, 28, 9 is a branch of study. My 41, 20, 37, 30, 20, 13 is a name. My 13, 18, 29, 31, 39, 42 end time and commence eternity. My whole is a puzzle for the cousins. Y'our niece, Jennie D. This is a pretty hard puzzle of the kind. Who can unravel it for Jennie? MiLPiTAS, June, 1876. Aunt Polly: I felt very much flattered to see my letter published in the Agei- CULTHRIST, and thought I would try to merit a premium this time. Here are my puzzles: 1. — My first denotes a female; my sec- ond, what she wears; my whole, what she eats. 2. — I am composed of nine letters. My 4, 6, 3 is a weight. My 3, 2, 4 is good to eat. My 5, 2, 4 is to place. My 9, 6, 2 is who I am writing this for. My whole is one who is much loved by many little childi-en. 3. — I am composed of 16 letters. My 7, 8, 9, 10 is something I don't like to do. My 14, 3, 12 is a weight. My 8, 9, 10 is a tree. My 9, 10, 11, 12 is a bart of the body. My 13, 6, 15, 5, 2 is a boy's name. My 10, 6, 10 is a fowl. My whole is the name of a great man whom this year brings forcibly to our minds. 4. — I am composed of 15 letters. My 1, 13, 14, 4, 5, 2 is a girl's name. My 12, 2, 14, 15 is an enclosure. My 1, 13, 14 is to spoil. My 1, 9, 10, 11 is whore minerals are found. My 14, 0, 3, 11 is uncommon. My whole was the home of an illustrious person. Yours, TiLLiE. A pretty long list Tillie. The Editor thinks the first one very good. Who can guess? Liveemoke, June, 1876. Dear Aunt Polly: I did make out 334 different words from the word "carpets." I tried to see if I could make a puzzle. I have no idea of getting the chromos at all, but I thought it best to try. If you like it, I will send you another. Did I not send the greatest number of words of any of the girls? I will think it splen- did if you send me the chromos. I had given up all hope of getting them until the other day my papa said, "May, Aunt Polly writes to you," then I read it. Well, Auntie, I must close. Y'our niece, Mary D. Clark. Well, Mary, Auntie thought you de- served them, and so sent them. Here is Mary's funny rebus, a little changed from the original : W-1 &-V iir.i 7'///.V'; Ma^^Kli U yy. A friend sends this to "Our Corner": My first is in bad, but not in good; My second is in wood, also in could ; My third is in yours, but not in mine; My whole is loved by sister mine. L. W. Cakpenteria, May, 1870. Bear Aunt Polly: I saw in the May number of the Agricultueist that you oft'erod chromos to those who would get over 359 word from "cai-pets." I got 377 words, and I send them to you. If you think they are able to get the chro- mos, my name and address is Linnio B. Caldwell, Carpenteria, Santa county, Cal. P. S. — I am 13 years old. My sister wants to know if she can come in. She is 15 years old. L. Y'es, Linnie, and as you have beat them all, although late in the day, you shall have them. Tell your sister to consider herself a niece, and Pollj- her aunt, and that Aunt Polly hopes to get something good from her. SOMETHING ABOUT THE CEN- TENNIAL. BY AUNT POLLY. "Auntie, where is the Centennial, and what makes folks talk so much about it? What is it for?" asked our little Willie the other day, and Aunt Polly had to ex- plain how one hundred years ago (one hundred years is a century, you know) the English settlements in America — our eountrj' — belonged to England; that is, the English King claimed the right of governing the people in this country, as he had done for many years. Then she had to tell Willie how dissatisfied our people became with the English King through his bad ruling; how selfish and mean the King was; and how at last, just one hundred years ago this fourth day of July, 1870, (which was the fourth of July, 1776, ) a meeting was held at Phil- adelphia composed of fifty-six men, chosen by the people of the different colonies, to get together and talk about laws and try to make things better; how these fifty-six men finally resolved, in the name of all the people of the thirteen States then United, that they would be free from King George, the bad English King, and that they would make a better government of their own, a government of the people of all the States of Ameri- ca. And these fifty-six good and wise men, called Representatives because they represented the sentiments and wishes of the people, all signed a paper called the Declaration of Independence. This paper was so called because it contained words declaring that the people would no longer be ruled by King George, and that they would have a government sep- arate from, and independent of the King. Then the people all rejoiced, al- though they knew that King George would send great armies of soldiers ac- cross the ocean in ships of war to fight them and murder the people and de- stroy their projierty and try to make them no better than slaves. But the people had been so abused already that they woidd sooner have war, with the hope of freedom, than to be the willing servants of so bad a king. Now Aunt Polly will not make this article any longer; but you can ask your papas or mammas, or some friends, to tell you all about the terrible war that King George made upon our forefathers, and how at last he was beaten and obliged to call his soldiers and his war ships home, and leave this country free and independent .' Perhaps your folks would get you a child's history of the United States— our loved country — if you will promise to read it, and then you can know all about it for yourself. This year is the Centennial, because it is the hundredth birthday of our Nation, and the great Exhibition at Philadelphia is made in honor of our great birthday, and is really a national birthday party. Dear children, Aunt Polly intended this month to tell you all about a child- ■O ren's school in San Jose, which is kept ,1 by a very benevolent and kind lady, wbn ill acts at once as mother and teacher to a her pupils. This good lady is herself California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. cripple; but through her energy and love of doing good she has adopted several children. These she supports, besides teaching many others and caring for fatherless and motherless ones for very little compensation. This good lady's name is Miss Otterson, and her school i.s called the Children's Home, and as she loves children and is very good to them. Aunt Polly promises to tell you about her school next month ; she would do so now, but the room in, Our Corner is already pretty well occupied with other matters. THREE imPOR TANT QUESTIONS. Ed. Agkicultubist : Observing from your editorial notes that you are always willing to disseminate information to the people, but more especially for the bene- fit of you numerous subscribers, allow me to suggest, for your consideration and approval, appropriating a small space in your columns to the promulga- tion of three laws passed by the last Legislature of great interest to the agri- cultural community, viz. ; Amendment to the Fence Law, Amendment to the Road Law, and Lien on Stock for Pas- turage . The No Fence Law was brought into existence to promote immigration quite regardless of tne interesests of the early settlers, and which has been fraught with much annoyance and vexation. Smith's fence was blown down by the winter blasts. He was protected from going to the expense of repairing it, and his neighbor, Jones, was compelled to fix it, or sell his six cows he kept for family use, or Smith would impound them. The Road Law is another vexatious question. Persons having laud back from the county road have to purchase their way through, after a delay of six months in petitions and surveying. Farmers who take stock in on pasture are at great loss by dishonorable men who withdraw their stock surreptitiously by moonlight, and they are protected by inability to attach that by which he ob- tains a living. Without further comment, I remain, Yours, repectfuUy, P. Hanson, Clayton, Cal., June, 187G. [We invite our readers to discuss these three questions. Our columns are open. Now let everyone interested give his ideas. — Ed. ] Fruits retail at higher rates in San Jose than any stranger, knowing how much fruit is produced here, would sup- pose. Strawberries average higher than in San Francisco, as our retail dealers ask a higher profit, and have to pay San Francisco wholesale prices. Other small fruits are governed by the same rule. Every year the fruit crops, as they are growing in Uhe orchards, are nearly all bought up by either local or San Fran- cisco dealers, mostly Italians, and the combination thus formed extorts high prices for everything at retail. The cherry crop has been very fine this sea- son, but prices have ranged from 12 to 35 cts. per pound, in the midst of plenty. The fruit canning factories consume large quantities of excellent fruit, wjiieh they contract for mostly months ahead. It seems the more fruit there is produced the greater the demand, and at advanc- ing prices year by year. There is now better encouragement for planting orch- ards and taking good care of them than ever before. A friend that you can buy with a pres- ent can be bought from you. Grand Summer Resort — Lake Tahoe. Our readers will notice the advertise- ment of our friend, Dr. Bourne, a vener- able philanthroijist and common-sense practical physician, who has established a cure at Lake Tahoe. As a guide to health and pleasure seekers, wo copy from the Nevada City Transcript of June 13th, some remarks by that editor, who has just visited Lake Tahoe. He says: Lake Tahoe ought to, and will be, at no distant day, the great sanitarium of the Pacific Coast. It possesses climate, scenery, and means of health-giving pleasure for the care-worn and debilitat- ed, far ahead of any other place of re- sort. Everything around it is intended to afford quiet rest and pleasure. The business man is bound to forget his busi- ness while there. The scenery is too grand, the air too quieting and dreamy to allow business cares to absorb the at- tention. Last week we had the pleasure of visiting the spot for the first time. The season for tourists has just opened there, and it is expected the number of visitors will be greater than any previ- ous year. There are ample accommoda- tions for all who may visit the place, The best way to reach the Lakois by way of Truckee. There are row, sail, and steamboats on the Lake for the use of tourists. A per- son can leave Truckee in the morning, go to Tahoe City, take a steamer and go around the Lake, a distance of over 100 miles, have an hour at the Grand Central for dinner, and return to Truckee again the same evening. There is a new screw propeller being built, to be called the "Niagara," and which will be completed this week, which is intended to carry passengers and to draw another large boat called the "Floating Palace." The latter has a ladies' saloon, a dancing hall, and nicely furnished state rooms, and affords excursion parties the opportunity to enjoy themselves in any manner thej' choose. The steamers on their round of the Lake stop at all points of interest. The "Niagara" and the "Floating Pal- ace" will be under the command of Cap- tain Powell, an experienced mariner. The "Governor Sauford," "Governor Blaisdell" and the "Emerald" also run on the Lake and make regular trips. Lake Tahoe, as is probably well known, is 0,216 feet above the sea level. Its depth is 1,525 feet. It is 33 miles long, 15 miles wide, and has an area of 525 square miles. The water is ice cold and of crystaline purity. It is surrounded by mountains on whose summits snow is visible most of the year. It is the most beautiful spot in the State, and should be visited by everyone who has a love for the betiutiful and grand in na- ture . Tahoe City is quite a little town. Be- sides the Grand Central, are the Tahoe Hotel, the Custom House, a store, and several other houses of business and places of residence. The Hot Springs Hotel is on the north side of the Lake. Glenbrook is on the east side opposite Taho City, and there are two hotels on the southeast side of the Lake, all of which places can be reached by steamer. Stages connect with steamers at Glen- brook for Carson, and one going to Vir- ginia City will find the route from Truc- kee by the way of Glenbrook and Carson preferable to the regular route by rail- road. We advise anyone who desires a pleasure trip and a season of rest to hie them to the summit. The Granaries of the Nile. A San Francisco correspondent of the Baltimore Sxm writes: Prof. Davidson has returned from a professional visit to Egypt. Having viewed the progress be- ing made in opening cheap communica- tion between Alexandria on the Mediter- ranean and the interior of equatorial Africa, he thinks it is high time for Cali- fornia to study the coming changes likely to aflect the American interests. He tells us that the whole valley of the Nile, so far as its present navigation gives it boundary, does not exceed in fertile area the two continuous valleys of our Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. But there are 500,000 acres now gradu- ally being reclaimed by irrigating canals, which will add largely to its agriculture. Besides this, the gradual substitution of steam for the many thousands of hand and ox watei'-lifters along the banks of the Nile will increase the crops fully one- third. Three hundred and fifty thous- and acres have been reclaimed by the present ruler, who has made irrigating canals next to the desert and back of the Nile, where the overfiow of the Nile did not reach. The ijopulatiou is more dense than in Belgium, Europe's most densely-populated state. The improve- ments will give employment to all whom they Mill displace. Assuming the valley to be COO miles long and 10 miles average width, ending at the first cataract, the carriage of pro- ducts is very cheaj) because it h^s free navigation. The several cataracts are being turned or otherwise made passable, so that very soon there will be steam navigation for 1,500 miles from the sea- IJort to the beginning of the great Soudan country, and beyond this point there are now 1,000 miles of free boating, through a country of no mean productive capa- city, including mines of gold, silver, cop- per, etc., and forests of valuable woods, mostly new to commerce. The country known as the Soudan, though in the tropics, is tempered bj' its altitude. The Soudan is over 2,000 miles long, by probably 300 or 400 wide. It includes Nubia, Abyssinia, Darfour, Uganda, etc. It has a continuous ex- panse of the richest and best watered lands in the world, estimated at 200,- 000,000 of acres of two-yearly crop land, producing wheat, maize, barley, and other grains unknown to us, cotton, sug- ar, tobacco, wool, mohair, silks, coiU, cabinet woods, ivory, peltries, ostrich feathers, etc. With labor ten cents a day, and the cost of transit proportion- ably low, compared with our rates, and a year's clothing taken at less than -5 per man — women at h.alf price doing a man's work — it is curtain that Alexan- dria is about to become the greatest cen- ter of supplies for all Europe. How can wheat from California or from any American port on the Atlantic enter into competition in the markets of Europe? There is surely approaching rapidly a radical change in the currents of com- merce, and Alexandria is about to regain its former position of chief granary to the Mediterranean nations, which will now embrace all Europe. Unless Ame- rica gives immediate consideration to these facts she will be illy prepared to meet, when it comes, the great coramer- ci.al revolution. The Reapers. The rcftpers bend their lusty backs; Their souDdiug sickles sway; At every stroke the golden sea Recedes to give them way: The heavy ears fall bowiny down, And nestle at their feet. Such will, such work as theirs, perforce, Must win— must Ifomagu meet. So careless of fatigue, they go, 8o true, and steadily. The admiring traveler on the road Leans o'er the gate to see; With marvel of the soon-fallen breath, The lounging gossii^s tell; But the rea2>er8 labor for us all; 'Tis need they should work well. ]7re the great sun that bums above Shall crimson in the west, And the children's poppy nosegays fade. And they lie down to rest, Kuch golden spear that upward points Shall fall upon the Held, And the farmer fans his sweating brow, Rejoicing o'er the yield. Ply, bonny men, your sickles bright. And give the people bread! At every conquering stride you take. On want and woe you tread; Drop, heavy ears, and give the strength You gathered from this plain, That man may rise refreshed and firm, And do great things again. God bless the hands, all hard and bruwu, That guide the cleaving plow, That cast abroad the shining seed. And build the wealthy mow; They rear the bread our children eat; 'Tis by their toil wo live: Hurrah! give them the loudest cheer 'that grateful hearts can give! — [Chambers' Journal. Does It Pay? Does it pay to have fifty workingmen poor and ragged, in order to have one saloon-keeper dressed in broadcloth and flush of money? Docs it pay to have one citizen in the county jail because another sells him liquor? Does it pay to hang one man because another got him drunk? Does it pay to have a dozen intelligent young men turned into thieves and vaga- bonds that one man may get a living by "selling them rum?" Does it pay to receive $15 for a rum license, and then pay §20,000 for trj'ing a man for murder, induced by the rum sold him? Does it pay to have a thousand homes blasted, ruined, defiled, turned into hells of misery, strife, and want, that some wholesale rumseller may build up a large fortune? Does it pay to have twenty mothers and their children dress in rags, live In hovels, daily famish, that one sumsel- ler'swifo may live in ease and affluence? Does it pay to have hundreds of thous- ands of men and women in almshouses, penitentiaries, and hospitals, and thous- ands more in the asylum for the idiotic and insane, that a few he.avy capitalists of the whisky ring may profit by such atrocity? Does it pay to tolerate a traffic which breeds crime, poverty, agony, idleness, shame and death wherever it is allowed? NO! Butter will remove tar spots. Soap and water will afterward take out the grease stain. We should practice temperance, if it were for nothing else but the very pleas- ure of it; it is the glory of a man that hath abundance to live as reason, nol ap- petite directs. Subscribe for the AaBiciTLTtTEisT. Tai.l Gkaik. — Thomas A. Shaw, of San Jose, writes this story of fall grain: I have harvested a bundle of rye from William H. Hall's ranch, two,miles from Santa Cl.ara, nine feet high, and st.arted it for the Centennial. It beats anything in grain that I ever saw or heard tell of, by a good deal. Measure off a nine-foot pole and take a look at it. Hall has 100 acres. Of course the yield will not aver- age as high, but it is all simply immense. Paper mills are oflering $9 per ton for the straw, after it is threshed, and good hay is only worth $10 to $11. Hall will thresh it and sell the straw. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. OuE Vailet. — Gardner E. Weeks, in his correspondence to the Country Oentle- vuin, thus spealis of our Talley: — Santa Clara valley was arrayed in all the pomp of spring luagniticeuce when I was there, and the prospect for the abundant fruit crop was most flattering. I was told of one man at San Jose who last year sold 5i tons of cherries, plums, prunes and apricots, from six acres of land; of an- other who is now getting $100 an acre yearly rent for land, which originally cost him less than that sum, but which he wisely stocked with fruit trees only a few years ago. The daily shipment of strawberries from San Jose, in the height of the season, is frequently 00 tons. Al- though the amount of fruit raised in that is enormous, and is increasing yearly, yet there seems no present jM-ospect that the business will become uuremunera- tive. A canning establishment, started in a small way, has been repeatedly en- larged— a process now being again repeat- ed. To men with some capital and a liking for fruit-raising, it appears to me that Santa Clara valley offers induce- ments beyond any other part of this State. San Jose is a handsome and tol- erably busy city, of about 10,000 inhabi- tants, and it has church, school, library and other facilities and advantages, equal to eastern cities of like size. Sending Praters in a Cart. — Mr. Spurgeon tells the following story: "A poor man who had a large family gave them a very comfortable support while he was in health. He broke his leg, and was laid up for some weeks. As he would be for some time destitute of the means of grace, it was proposed to hold a prayer meeting at his house. The meeting was led by Deacon Brown. A loud knock at the door interrupted the service. A tall, lank, blue-frocked youngster stood at the door with an ox- goad in his hand, and asked to see Dea- con Brown. ' Father could not come to this meeting,' he said, 'but he sent his prayers, and they are out in the cart.' They were brought in, in the shape of potatoes, beef, pork and corn. The meeting broke up without the benedic- tion. Nor did the poor fellow suffer during his whole confinement. The substantial prayers of the doner became means of grace." The California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, for May, is at hand. As usual, it contains a largo amount and variety of matter of peculiar interest to the farmer, gardener, and stock-raiser, and is alwajs worth twice the amount of subscription price, which is only $1.50 a year. "California Agricultural Publish- ing Company," San Jose. — Alameda En- ciiml. May 13. "Whenever a person takes a country paper to got information concerning the region it advocates, and finds from ten to twenty saloons or dead-falls advertized and puffed in every issue, it don't take long for such, it the welfare of the family is an)- inducement to settlement, to con- clude that no amount of good land or climate will compensate for these. — Loin- poc liecord. The farmer who keeps everything about the premises tidy, all the animals in a comfortable condition, who has plenty for his family's support, is out of debt, (or whose affairs are in a prosper- ous condition), is at pease with his neighbors, takes the papers, buys good books, is truly nature's nobleman, and can truthfully say: "I am monarch of all I survey; my rights none dare dispute." Such a one the king on his throne may well envy, and the merchant, or profess- ional man is naught when compared with this. ^ahe Tahoe. BY SAHAH e. carmichel. Luke Tahop, sweetest lake of lakes! Tile vision of thy beauty breaks With startling power upon the eyes. A sheen of water gleaming high Above the tall, dark-pointed pines: Apparently thy wave inclines Toward the sun, who paus'-s there To dress his long, bright amber hair; And many a loose, thiek, shining tress Twines round thee in a warm caress; Nor does thy bosom's picture slight His uiopt impassioned glance of light. The day. whose smile thy mirror takes. Hath named thee sweetest lake of lakes! Lake Tahoe, sweetest lake of lakes! The crescent moon oft overtakes And tramples on the soft, white feet Of day, unwilling to retreat From"the deep tide that charms its sense By a heart- worship so intense. Oh, ijale amethyst gem that shines. Clasping the leafy crown that twines The proud Sierra's cold, pure brow. Shine on, forever, fair as now! Glow, many-tinted water, glow! There is no brighter wave below. The night, that mornfully forsakes. Hath named thee sweetest lake of lakes! Lake Tahoe, sweetest lake of lakes! A tliought of awe intense awakes Within the heart that lingers where Thy tranquil bosom slumbers fair. Like a bright tear of pitying love Wept warm from heavens that lean above, When the bright stars come out to see How lovely this hushed world can be. And view, with tranced and wondering eyes, Thee, looking upward to the skies. So beautiful, they half forget .That earth is not an Eden yet. I, in whose dreams thy beauty wakes. Have named theo sweetest lake of lakesl THE ANGORA FOE A journal devoted to the cause of wo- men, proposes that a Magdalen asylum be opened for depraved men, where they would live under ban, bo poorly fed, and after a certain time, if signs of reforma- tion appeared, jilaced in families, always, however, hearing about the brand of their degradation, as a wholesome and just punishment. COHSUMPTIVES ! And others suflcring from chronic diseases i.a:kb tahoe. SUFFERERS FROM ASTHMA, BRONCHITIS. Consumption, all Lung DiseiiBeB aud all ('brnnie Diseases, are inforimid that DR. BOURNE has devoted more than Two Years to a careful study of the meteorologicHi plieuomena of Lake Taboo, with special reft-Tenco to its cli- matic value for buflferers from lun^ diseases. His experience satisfies him that it probably is, from its altitude and peculiar surroundings, unequal- led by any other kuown re^jiou on earth for its climatic aid in such diseases. WitUout Medicines, Dr. Bourne effects cures in cases considered hopeless under other modes of treatment; his method being i>eculiar to himself, and the reB\ilt of an experience as a Wati-r-Cnre rhysieian during more than a third of a century. It is IJr. BoHi-ne's eflfori to mnke quirk curb's in wll rases, and ho ahvays de- sit,'ns to bti, and is, eminently Hueressful; but upon no condition will he accept a patient who entertains the absurd opinion that "sick people must not eat." ns^ Cures in Dyspepsia Guaranteed . The best of food, and plenty of it. will he pro- vided. A limited number of patients will be received who may be willin;^ to pass a few weeks iu re- tirement aud primitive simplicity. Address. DR. CEO. M. BOURNE. 'Juhue. Phu-erC"., Cal. OF SAN JOSE, C.\L., Are making a Specialty of Manufactur- ing all styles of Gloves from the Angora Goat Skin, and claim for them: iBt.— They are cheaper ' ' j liuckskin gloves. 2d.— The skins are tanned with the grain on, and are very nearly water-proof, and when, by long exposure, they are wet, they dry out per- fectly soft— as good as new. 3d.— They will out-wear the best buckskin gloves. 4th.— For a HARVEST GLOVE, they have no equal. These articles are manufactured in all styles, from the cheapest Laboring Glove to the Finest Fur Gauntlet. Also, all descriptions of PUES, EOBES, MATS, EU&S,Etc Which, for Beauty, DurablUty, and Cheapness, are inferior to none. Buckskin Gloves, Mittens, Etc., In all verieties, aud as good as the best. Mhi h, Idles! Just What You Want for Your- self and Children. Paia up Capital (gold coin) gr.OO.OOO Aiitikorized Capital 81, 000, 000 John 'W. niudB. President; E. C. Singlctary, Vice-President; 'W. D. Tisdale, Cashier and Sec- retary; L. G. Nesmith, Asgistant Cashier. Directors:— C. Btirrel, yfm. D. Tisdale, E. L. Bradley. C. G.HarriEOn,E. C, Singlctary, Vrm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds, W. H. Wing, T. B Edwards. Correspondents :- Anglo-Califomian Bank (limited), San Francisco; First National Gold Bank, S. F.; First National Bank, New York; .'^nglo-Californian Bank (limited) London. TT/ILL ALLOW INTEREST OS DEPOSITS, Vt buy and sell Exchange, make collections, loan money, and transact a General Banking Business. Special inducements olYered to mer- chants, mechanics, and all classes for commer- eial accounts. S. W. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., SJkN JOSS. SA-N JOSE SAVBNCS B 286 Sattta Clara Street. C.^^PITAL STOCK Paid in Capital (Gold Com) S600, 000 9300,000 Officers:— President, John H. Moore; Vice- President, Cary Peebles; Cashier, H. H. Reynolds ; H. L. Cutter, Secretary. Directors :— John H. Moore, Dr. B. Bryant, S. A. Bishop, Dr. W. H. Stone, Cary Peebles, S. A. ciark, H. Messing. NEW FEATURE: This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts," bearing Interest at 6. Sand 10 percent per annum; inter- est payable promptly at the end of sil months troni date of deposit. The "Receipt" maybe transferred by indorsement and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also al- lowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of deposit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe keeping of Bonds, Stocks, Papers. Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Currency, at reasonable rates. Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. M'TFAILloSENDrORaPAira ONLY 25 VENTS. t(W The Nallonal Gold Medal was awarded to Bradely .'i Bulotson for the best Photogi-aphs in the United States, and the Vienna medal for the best in the world. 4'i'J Mantgoniory street, San Francisco. Comfortable Combiaation Clothing-. THIS STYLE OF UNDERCLOTHING FOR Ladies has been found by all who have used it, the most convenient and comfortable, as well as economical of any now in use. Models were exhibited and attracted much commenda- tion at the late Fair. Patterns can be had by applying to Mrs . Herring, east side of Ninth street, between St. John and St. James streets. San Jose, (where sampleacan bo seen.) or by addressing C. C. C. Company, Eox CSC San Frauoisco. This reform unden-hitbiiit; has been worn by the Editor's wifo and < liildieu for the past two seasons, and is eertainly nuperior in puints ni comfort, healthfulness. and economy of weiir and material of any ever invented. It is the iu- veution of a t^alifornia lady who makes ev.ry pattern her-^elf and writes full directions upon each. No family tliat once tries this style of clothing will ever go back to the others. FARMERS' UNION. (Successors to A. Phisteb & Co.) Cor. Second and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. CAPITAL - ^ - $100,000. President. Manager. ■WILLIAM ERKSON H. E. HILLS DIRECTORS! "Wm. Erkeon. L. F. Chipman, Horace Little, C. T. Settle, Thomas E, J. P. Dudley, David Campbell, James Singleton, E. A. Bralcy, Snell. fg- ■Will do a General Mercantile Bustnesa. Also, receive deposits, on which such interest will be allowed as may be agreed upon, aud make loans on approved security. A. O. HOOKEll. Late Gunckel ,v II L. FlNIOAN, ^lal-ysville.) Olllcu I DENTISTS. -359 First Btreet, San Joae. wmiim SPANISH FOK SALE. CIXTY ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD O Tlioroughbred Spanish Merino Rams, for sale. Also, about 1011 Ewes and Lambs, all (California bred, from stock imported from Vermont, and as good as then* is on this Coast. Prices to suit the times. je B. F. WATKINS, »""'» Clara, Cal. California Agriculturist and Live Stdck Journal. SAN JOSE IIITSTITUTE BEEEDEHS' EIRECTOEY. BUSI1TESS_C0LLEGE ! A Day and Boarding School for Both Sexes. Parties desiring to purchase Live Stock will find in this Directory the names of some of the most reliable Breeders. Our Rates.— Cards of-two lines or less wlil be inserted in this Directory at the rate of 50 cents per niouth, payable auuually. A line will average nbnut seven words. Count five words for the first line. CATTLE. T HE SECOND SESSION OF THE CURRENT School Year will commence January 3d, 187(5. In acknowledging tbe kindness of the patrons of this School, the Proprietors desire to assure them that with the increased patronage will be added increased facilities for imparting iDstruc- tion. They intend that the School shall offer the very best opportunities for acquiring thor- ough education, both theoretical and practical. The course of study in the Academic grade is extensive and thorough. The Business College has no vactions. Students from a distance will find pleasant rooms and board at reasonable prices at the boarding-house. The Faculty accept to its fullest extent the growing demand of the industrial classes for recognition iu the public educational system hailing it as the harbinger of a higher and better civilization. ISAAC KIXLEY, Siiperintenileiit of the Institute JAMES VIXSONHALER. Pi-iniipal of the Business Colleije. 177C CUNTErrNIAL 1N76 PROCLAMATION. Chicago & Northwestern Railway. Is the jiopuliir nnite overland to the Eabt. Passengers for Chicago, Niagara Falls, Pitts- bm-g, PhilMdelphia, Montreal, Quebec, New York Boston, or any point East, should buy their trans-cnntiiientjil tickets via the pioneer route, THE CHICAGO ^NORTHWESTERN R.R. This is the Bebt route East. Its Track is of Steel Rails, and on it has been made the Fastest time that has ever been made in this country. By tliie route p&ssengers for points east of Chicago have choice of the foil -mz lines from Chicago: Pittsburg, Forl^ ^ ' and Chicag-o and Penngyl^ ^. "-.. Railways. • > Through trains daT: ilU Pulman Palace 0 Care through to PL -■ ■'■ i.uia and New York on each train. -t THROUGH TRAIN. WITH PULLMAN PAL-. 1 ace Cars to Baltimore and Washington. By the La^o Shore and MicMgan Southern Railway and Connections (ITcw Yorh Central and Erie Eailways) ; O THROUGH TRAINS DAILY. WITH PALACE O Dr:iwiiig R.M.m and Silver Palace Sleeping Cars through to New York. By the Michigan Central. Grand Trunk, Great Western and Erie and New Torh Central Railways: 3 Through trains, with Pullman Palace Draw- ing Room and Sleeping Cars through to New- York to Niagara Falls. Buffalo. Rochester, or New Y'ork city. By the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; 2 Through trains daily, with Pullman Palace Cars for Newark, Zauesville, Wheeling, Washington and Baltimore without change. This is the Shortest. Best, and only line run- ning Pullman celebrated Palace sleeping cars and cohches, ('onnecting with Union Pacific Railroad at Omaha and from the West, via Grand Junc- tion, Marshall. Cedar Rapids. Clinton, Sterling and Dixon, for Chicago and the East. This popular route is unsurpassed for Speed, Comfort and Safety. The Bmooth. well-ballasted and perfect track of steel rails, the celebrated Pullman Palace Sleeidng Cars, the perfect Tele- graph System of muving trains, the regularity with which they nm. the admirable arrangement for nmning through trains to Chicago from all points West. secure to passengers all the comforts in modern Railway Traveling. No changes of Cars and no tedious delays at Ferries. PassengHi*g will find Tickets via this Favorite Route at the General Ticket Office of the Central Pacifii- Rrailroad. Sacramento, and in all the Ticket* ilhcesof theCentral Pacific Railroad. | Marvin Hughitt. W. H. Stennett, i Gen. Supt.. Chicago. Gen. Pass. Agent. i H. P. STANWOOD, General Agency. 1'2I Mont- ! ' gomery street, San Francisco. | Posters, Dodgers, ! Handbills, Books, Catalogue-;, Circu- ^ I lars, Programmes, BillR 'if I'.ire. Invit itionsr Receipts. Labels, Blanks, Billhi-ads, Statement'^, Cards, Tags, eto., tngfther with everj' description of Job Printing executed promptly snd iu a workmanlike man- ner by COTTLE & WRIGHT, No. 314 Market st, over Bland & Regnart's auction store, San Jose. .■'..;-^,2^^N/. SB. KAIERSON, Mountain View, Santa « Clara County, Cal. — Breeder of Short-Horn and Holstein Cattle and Cotswold Sheep. CYRUS .TONES ^ CO., San Jose. Santa Clara County. Cal.— Breeders of Short-Horn Cattle. " Young Bulls for sale." R C KIRBY (t- CO.. TANNERS ! SANTA CRUZ OAK-TANNED SOLE LEATHER. WHOLKSALE DEALEIiS. THE TRUTH ABOUT TH E DAVIS VERTICAL FEED SHUTTLE SEWING MACHINE, OUt<'p — 103 nnd 404 BnltPry Street, SA S FIIA XCISCO. CHARL.es CLARK, MUintas. Santa Clar» County, Cal— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. (COLEMAN YOUNGER, San Jose, Santa V Clai-s County, Cal. — Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. c, B. POLHEMUS, San Jose, Santa Clara , County, Cal. — Breeder of Short-Horn Cat- 50 CARR & CHAPMAN, Gabilan, Monterey County, Cal.— Breeders of Trotting Horses, Short-Horn Cattle and Swine. Wli. OVERHISER. Stockton, San Joa- • quinCounty,Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle and Swiue. MOSES WICK, Oroville. Butte County Cal.— Breeder of Short-Horn Cattle. SHEEP AND GOATS. CP. BAILEY, San Jose Cal.— Importer" • breeder, and dealer in Cashmere or An gora Goats. Fine Pure-bred and Grade Goats for sale. MCCRACKEN & LEWIS, San Jose, Cal.— Importers and breeders of fine Angora Goats; also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. MRS. ROBERT BLACOW, CenterviUe, near Nilcs Station, Alameda County, Cal.— Pure-blooded French Merino Rams and Ewes lor sale. SWINE. CH.\RL.ES CLARK, Milpitas, Santa Clara County, Cal.— Breeder of Pure-bred Berk- shire Swine. POULTRY. MRS. L. J. WATKINS. Santa Clara- Premium Fowls. White and Brown Leg- horn, S. S.Hamburg, L.Brahmas,B. B.Red Game, Game Bantams, and Aylesbury Ducks. .\lso, Eggs. LE, MATTESON, Stockton, Cal., Im- • poi-ter, Breeder and Shipper of Pure bred Game Fowls. MISCELLANEO US. S HARRIS HERRING, San Jose. Cal.— -_ , Agent for several breeders of Best Pure-bred animals and poultry. We bring the breeder and purchaser together direct, and do not stand be- tween them, while we aid each free of charge. SPLENDID CARD PHOTOGRAPHS, onlv S^ a dozen, ami Cabinets S-4 a dozen, at HOWLANO'S Gallery (Het-ring's old stand) No. 359 Fii-et street, San Jose. WALLACE iSi CO., No. 386 First street— Handsome turnouts always on hand at fair prices. Fine Hearse for Funerals. Car- riages for sale. Give us a trial. H. S, LAAIKIN, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW— ROOMS 3 AND 4, Stone's Building (opposite Axuerais House), Santa Clara street, San Jose. PRINTING.! O DR. J. BRADFORD COX, FFICE OVER T. W. SPRING'S STORE, opposite the Pnst Ofli'-e. San .Tofie. SAm CLARA imiii JACOB EBERHARDT - - Proper. A 1,1. KINDS aV L.K.VTHER, SHEEP. 6kiu6 anil wool. Highest price paid for Sheep Skins, Tallow, Wool, etc. The Bee-Keepers' Magazine. An iLLusrnATFU M()ntlily Jour- nal «»f Wl octavo pages devoted exclusivtdy to Bi:k - Culi-uue. Edited by Albrrt J. Kino, con- tiiining monthly cniitributions from Mrs. K. S. TuppEn, and oth<-r cmiDent Bee-Keepers in both KunoPK and Amerk'a. A large space is devoted tu bk(;innki<8 giving use- ful infonnation just when it is needed tlirough- out the year. Tkrms: SL.'SO per year. We will send the Magazine 4 months on tiiial and INCLUDE a (;4-iJag<' jiamphlet (priie '>0 cts ), con- taining a beautiful life-like Chronio of Honey- plants and Italian Bees In tlu-ir natural «-olorfi. Prize Essay by Mrs. TirppEit. (^ueen Rearing by M. QTTisnY. Inetrurtions fur Beginners, etc., hU for ."SO els. Addrcf-s. KINO *fc SLOCI-3I, (»1 HiifKnii Stu-ft, :\t'«- Vurk. The American Bee Journal, Established in 18(11 by the lat<; Samuel Wagner, at Washingtou, D. C is now published Montlily at CHIC.\<:0, 111, Every Beekeepershould Subscribe for It. IT IS THE BEST SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTI- cal Journal of Apicult>:re in the world. The most suctessful aud experienced ApiariauB in Europe, as well as Anierira. contribute to its pages. In fact, it is the uldeiit, larifeHt* and one of the most relinble W^v^ Pn|n*rs in the English lauguage. '["f.iimh: %1 inrimnuni. Send a stamp for a Saniide (Nipv. .\(]ilre-;s. THOMAS G. XKW.HAN, 19G *S; 1«»K «iioii
  • easily and quietly than any other machine. The DAVIS prem-uts these tdvaiilagf s : It prevt nts fulling or gathering »if goodH, will sew over thick seams, or from one lliicbuess to an- other, without cliange of stilrh or tension, aud make the most Elastic, Durable and Uniform Lock Stitch of any Machine before the public. The only one having an Automatic Bobbin Winder, and the most wonderful attachment for making the Knife Pleating. Th<- peculiar featui-o of the DAVIS is its VER- TICAL FEED, which is essentially different from any other Machine manufactured, requir- ing no acquired Kkill to operate it, nor bastiug of the goods, and all should give it an examination at leas* before purcliasing any other. After six weeks' trial at the Franklin Institute Exhibition, held at Philadelphia in 1BT4, it was A^varded the Ciraiicl Medal Af^ainst Nineteen Cuiniietltors 1 And has tmiversaliy been awarded the FIRST PREMIUM at all principal Fairs where exhibited. We have the Iwist manufncturiug machine iu use. Energetic and responsible Agents wanltd in all unoccupied territory. For further information, circular and terms, call on or address G. L BIGELOW, Agent for Santa Clara County. ISf Salesroom, No. 4.»S First Street. San Jos Foundry Block, SAN JOSE, <.r the DVVIS SKWIXG MACHI.N'K CO., I I 8 Post St., San Francisco. Xl3r r< r ?.'> aubfit-riplioiiK to the Cnlifor- nin A^riciilturiKt, at Si. •'lO each, the publishers will give a S70 New Davi« I SeivlnK* Machine. Here is an opportunity j for some energetic lady to get the liest Sewing ' Machine for a little time well employed. The I DAVIS took the first premium at the Santa I Clara Valley Agricultural Society's Exhibition last Fall. Dli. C. R. SPAW, Resident Dentist. ^ rner of First and - Santa Clara streets. 1 Mcl,^ughlin »t Ry- land's building, San JoBo, Cal. t EMPEY L LENNARD, Manufacturers and Dealers in Dr, N. KLEIN, Surgeon Dentist- gSRonu •H next HAR- NESSJ COL- LARS, JOSEFK AVOOLF, Manufuftuiei- nf Trusses, Suspenders, Artifirial Limbs, etv., 360 FIRST STREET, SAN JOSE. .\re you Ruptured? Come to me and get a Truss that will tit you. Radical Cures are efiected with mv Trussep. SADDT.ERY, Carriage Trimmings. Etc. jVo. •2G'2 iiaida Clara SInd. SAW JOSE. ty You can get a Good, Substantial Bnsiaess or Dress Suit at Spring's for less money, by one-fourth, than at any other store. Menefee & Gastor\ DEITTISTS, S.W. Cor. SaiitiiCliiraiiiid First Sts Ov'T Fariiu j-r' Natiouivl Ciold Bank, SAX JOSE. Special attention giveu to Fine Gold Fillings. Laughing Gas Adminis- terod T. W. Mitchell, Aquaria, Flowsr-jtiads, Wiadow Bricietc. Fsnienes, Bird-Jages and Hooi:, ' Ivy Brackets, And D<-iiI<^lin KloiveringPIaitts, J. C. VEITITXTM. I'EALl.lt IN CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, PHAETONS iiiirt SPRING WAGONS. l«i^ ALL WORK WARRANTED "^»1 A'O. 447 FIIiST STREET, San Jose. Shoes Porter's Block, cor. Santa Clara and Second Sts, SAX JOSK. SEEDSMAN and FLOHIST Uiro Flower-pot Stands, Wall Brackets, :iass Shade: Oriiiini*^iitjil Sliriihs, Bulbs and Floweriiiff Roots in Tariety, Hiiii r Posts, Shakes^SJiingles, Etc Moody's m:iis, California and Oregon Lum'taeJ^ san -iose. Constiiiitly oa hand. All Orders Promptly Filled p. o. Box sou. THIRD Strset, CARD EN CITY DRUG STORE Bet. 1st and '2d H. PIESSNECKER, Proprietor, San -lost . No. 320 Santa Clara St. C.E.CAMPBELL,,, ' Stoves, Eaages. Manufacturer of Pumo'" Well Pipe and Galvanized Iron Hvdraulic Earn:. Pumps « itU Improved Valves. Liid and Iron Pip3 Till, Copper, Zinc and Sheet- Brass Goods, Iron AVare.s, Galvanized Iron Hose Wire, Chimneys, Tin Roofin|^, PItimb- Farmers' Boilers. in^, etc. 'Emim mil company FIKLl) & KENDALL, (SuLioefiRors to Field. C'ombs A: Greg(jry) ^ -^ M.\NUFAOrUl{ERs UF - - -^a Head Stones, -ju , Monuments. ^i^^ iiii.l all kinds uf Cemetery Work in Marble and Granite. •«7 SECO.NI) ST. Snn .toBe. {;!£» O'lianion A- Kent sell Clothing at such bargains that no "jotviiig" is necessary. The C!ai,. AriBiciii.TiiiusT I'liD Co. have constitut i" thoniKelveK a PiirchuMiiig Ajfency, tct aeeoniniodate AdHicui.TuitiKT Kubscriijerb. Anytliiny wanted in SanJctse or San Kraneisro inuTliaKi'd at ItnveHt rates fur casli, and I iirwai-ded (u i.rder Pfce of C'onlini>i>«iuiiM, No. 339 First Street, opposite El Do- rado St. J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, 'i'i? First Sti-eet. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE P.Ul) FOR Wheal, Barley and Other Grains. House Furnishing Wares. Grain JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMrill, Pioneer lilacksjuitlj and Carriage Shop. Balbitt'li's i\'e«- Bi-irk, cor. Sec- ond SI . itiifl F4iiiiit]iiii .Vllev SAN ,I(ISE. Aj;«'ii< for Kish liro. 'h Wajjoii!.. Now \V..rk and repairing of Agvicultnral Iniplernents. ete. Wests Ainei'icun Tiic-Seller. RHODTES & LEWIS. APOTHECARIES, \o. :J5j Kiiwt Sii-,.e(, SAN rosK Dealer. Blacksmith. C/ O' Z ^ ■mf^-^^f^ Lli *v I IH Table of Conter^ts. page: B:v: and Oiris. --Child's Centennial ■| I'Dutry) . •OiirCorner, *Ml6b llltiTson's School, nirandma's Talks No. 6 126-7 Correspjndeacc. — Let'8 Swap. That Mutter of Policy Independent Press. Gal. Land Transaction. 118 Cause of Hard Times. Bee- Keeping in San Diego. Graft- ing Grape Vines. Letter from Kern Co. A Word of Caution. Eastern Correspond'-nce , I'll City ajrioning.— Flowery (IVy). tTrimmiug Plants. tMadeira Vines. Fern Culture. Plant Arrangements. Ozone. Flow- er Ornam'ts. Hanging Bask'ts.lln-i'i Csatecnial.— -^ Look at the Expo- sition. CentT of American Ke- „. , public Flowers at the Cenfl 123 Poetrv— Little Black-Eyed Kcbcl. _' , , „ . iTA. A Prophecy, Our Conntn.- Editoriil Notes l" , lj^.^^ Russian Kable. Kain Ea'oaj'.ogical— Combating ^Insect^^ ^ Drops. A Hundred Vears 11 Porcins.— Original Breed of Berk- shire Swine Hsnsehald Scading.— One Touch of Nalurc (Poet'y). 'Dotlingsand •lotling*. "Each Has a Work to Do. »Keply to Girls' liights. *Dp-Country Letters No. 7 .. 124 The Horse.— Nebuchadnezzer (P) . Treatment of Sick Animals. Horse's Foot. Horses for Far- mers. Intestinal Parasites. Breeding fm Unsound Horses. ^sccUaneoM. — tFurniture Manu- factory (Illustr'd). IFarming vs. Plodding tDairy House, tltetroepection. tDiseaged Orange Trees UK Cent'l Judges of Livestock . 120 A Bit Of Common Sense 128 *Onr Poor Relations .. 117 The Press. Science of Money. 121 121 11:! Foes.' Birds, Insects & Crops.120-1 Hjr;icaUM3. — Gulf Coast Fruits. 1'22 TAGS Pisiiculture. —Fish and Fish Cul- ture. Distribution of Fish. .. 11'.' Shaep lad 3oats.— -Angora Goals \- Mohair— Criticisms Answered. 1'28 Woaen. — Blanche ami Nell (po- etry). 'Reformation and Dis crimination * Contributed, f Editoria 121 ^K h California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. A. Wi L DTEUrEL, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN Books, Stationery, Sheet Music and Musical Instruments, SOLE AGENT FOR OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. PIAITOS MADE BY STEINWAY a SOUS, New York. Uranicli c& Bach., Neiv York. J^COB ZECHC, Snii Francisco. C. ROENISCH, I)re!^<1en. ERNST KAPS, Uresflcn* AtrtKT, roil THE ORGAITS MADE BY Hora:e Waters I Im, Ne»v York. BURDETT ORGAN CO., Erie . Wholesale and Retail. IMty Stock is Complete in Every Particular, and the Instruments for which I am Agent are the BEST IW THE WORLD. fW My Terms are IMEost Liberal. Orders per IMEail will be promptly attended to, and Best Discounts given to Colleges, Schools and Teachers. Corner of First and Fountaiu Streets, Sau Jose. A ■ Vw ALDTEUFELi M Eiii% iiih. RUPTURE ! Vsf Is the Only Machine that can Knit ALL SIZES OF WORK, — AND — NAEROW AND WIDEN IT; —THAT CAN-- Shape and Complete Willi. lilt Iliiiiil-riiiiKhiiiK, SeninliiKH llosh'i y, CJIovck and niiltrns, 'T knit till 111 111 111] hi// h; „r Unit Uibbnd, Doulile iiTHl Fiiii.-y BtltrluB for UiiiliTwenr. Jinkfts, Slmwln, i-tc. It luiitB over '25 ilifftrcnt Kinds of KiiniiintB. Over 111(1 per c-oiit. in manufai-tm-iuK knit Kiioile. Send for lUiiBlratcd idrculnr AddresB, Z. Z. PFISTEE & CO., 130 Sutter Street (llcom :(9), San Fraiicitiro. no more Melalic Triis!i«es .' J\m mure Putterins from Inm HoopK oiJ tt^el Sprin^b! Our MAGNEnc ELAS- jTU' TliUSS iH worn with ease and »om-j j/'ort, Nit,'bt and Day. and ■will, and has fperformed radical cures when all othersi liia-ve failed. Reader, if you are rupturedf Jtry cue of our Comfortable Elastic Ap-" ppliancee. You will never regret it. Ee^ Examinations Free. MAGNETIC ELASTIC TRUSS CO , 60!) SaiTttUiento street. S. F. SAN JOSE ASBESTIAIT STONE WORKS THE ASBESTIAN IS AN AHTIFICIAL STONE superior to any other for Cemetery Work. Building Fronts, and substantial and line work generally. Elegant designs can be moulded so as to resemble the finest eput. I^~ Fine Si-ulpture Work in Marble a Specialty. .T. W. COMBS. Z. M. PiiUVIIT, Teacher of Vocal Music, State Normitl School. gives Privati- Iiislrncli'in in Vocal Culture, Piano, Organ, and Harmony. Room over San Jose Savings Bank, and Norm- al School. Singing School every FItlDAY eve- ning, in room over San .loKn Savings Itank. TRUEMAN&WOODROW UNDERTAKERS, 408 First Street, San Jose. EVERYTHING IN THE LINE FURNISHED promptly, nnd ou the MuBt Reasonaldt- Terms. We are also prepared to fnruisb two of tue finest HEARSES on the CuaBt, imludiu},' a Beautiful, GLOSS WHITE CHILD'S HEARSE. PersoDB iu need of anythiuf^ in our line will find it to their interest to call uu us. TUREMAX ^ ^i-i?! Agriculturist ik£9iD E^.m'wm s^^oiPK oroijri^iirj^ia Vol. 7— No. a} SAN JOSE, CAL., AUGUST, 1876. JSuBscaiPTiON Pbice, $1.50 a Year. 1 Siugle CopleB, 15 Cents. SAN JOSE FURNITURE MANU FACTORY. Among the leading manufacturing en- terprises on tliis Coast, and deserving of the success with which it has met, is the San Jose Furniture Manufactory. The Company, of which Mr. J. S. Ueuuett is the present head, was organized in Aug- ust, 1874, only two j'ears ago this mouth. Mr. Bennett, who is a thorough mechan- ic and hard-working business man, and who had been engaged in the practical work of furniture business for twenty years in the East, brought with him to fatigablo pluck and enterprise can but win, even against strong opposition. The factory, with still more and newer machinery, is now located on St. .John street, between First and Market streets, and consists of two stories — engine and machinery below, and workshop aljove. All work is done by niachiu<'ry except "setting up." The warehouse, uphols- tery department and furnishing rooms occupy a large building erected for the purpose and located on First street, em- bracing Nos. 224 and 22G. The firm employs from 20 to 3f) hands. The amount of furniture turned out by and is now {owned by Dr. Spencer, of this city, for his fine new residence on Third street. Several kinds of wootl, including California lavirel, are used in its construction. By the way, the experiments of Mr. Bennett with various kinds of California timber, if written out, would be valua- ble. Ho finds that but few kinds of wood on this Coast are well suited to furniture making. The finer woods are only fit as veneering, as they warp and check badly used singly, lledwood is not fit for furniture. It splits and splinters easily, and shrinks badly. The Altogether, this manufactory is a credit to San Jose and to California, and has proved to bo not only a success as a business, but a convenience to old set- tlers and new-comers alike who desire good articles of furuituie at reasonable figures. ELEGANT FURNITURE SET- this Coast the latest and most improved machinery for the manufacture of furni- ture. The first ye.ir this was jjut up in the building occupied by the planing mill on Fourth and San Fernando streets. The greatest ditficultyin the start was experienced in obtaining skilled and reliable workmen, although the com- petition combined to break the enter- prise down was only conquered by hard work anil constant attention to the de- tails of business. Wo have seen Mr. Bennett with one hand in a sling from being disabled in the machinery, doing the work of two workmen, besides su- perintending the business. Such inde- Manufactared by the San Jose Furnitare Itlaikufacturin^f Co. Orpcron cedar is a wood that this manufactory, from the raw material, is perfectly astonishing, while the qual- ity of their work will compare favorably with the best made in any Eastern man- ufactory regon cedar is a wood that neither be likelv "arps nor splits, and is used largely as a 'oundation in cheap, substantial furni- •ure But the black walnut is the prin- all. ilr. Bennett ure, eipal wood used, after The elegant chamber set — the bedstead j hopes to see the time when the Eastern and dressing case bureau — here illus- srated will give the reader some idea of the elegance of the work turned out at this establishment. This set was de- signed and made by the San Jose Furni- niture Manufacturing Company. It was on exhibition last fall at the Santa Clara Valley Agricultural Fair, where, of course, it took a premium over every- thing else. It has since been purchased. FARMING VS. PLODDING. Wo were lately talking with a farmer from Southern California abont the prosperity of farmers generally in that section, and particularly about the farm- ers in the best corn gi-owing districts. He told us that they were generally "hard-up" for money. Many of them were carrying mortgages that were bound to crush them with increasing interest. Corn and barley, after freights and com- missions are out, average about 75 cents a hundred, and those who work hard and sell such crops are not in any sense prosperous. We inquired if there were no farmers who keep stock and feed their crops instead of selling at such rates. He replied that there are a few who keep hogs and other stock, make pork, and that, irithoul ezceplion, they were doing well and several had already got rich in the business. Ho said that the corn regions could supply California with pork if the land was properly culti- vated and the crops used in this way. Alfalfa, barley and com upon such soil will raise and feed an immense number of swine to the hundred acres. Now why is it that so many farmers are too stupid to study their own inter- ests and are contented to slave away at the hardest kind of work year after year without making anything but a poor living, and often less than that, when by adopting the right system, and intelligently working to make the best of their oppor- ^^i tunities, they could soon be independent and have every- thing they want. Our all- . HKAT farmers belong to this -^ame stupid class. They ^••eni willing slaves to a thoughtless drudgery that i.cpps them poor. Few such iiou tjike or read agricultural jiapers. They "know too much about farming now," to take their own word for it. The fact is, they don't under- stand the first principles of farming, not one in fifty of them, if they did, they would to practice something better than the one-crop system. They would go to farming. trees will be cultivated on this Coast ex teusively. As the various kinds of trees now cultivated become of size for use, he designs giving them a trial. The sales department of this establish- ' ment is conducted by Mr. A. G. Bennett, i brother of the manager, who has had many years' experience in the furniture business in New York and the Eastern States. What constitutes a State? Not bigh-raised battlements or labor'd mound. Thick wall or moated gate: Not cities proud, with spires and turrets crowned ; Not bay.i and broad-armed ports. Where, laughing at the storm, rich na^nesride; Nut starr'd and spangled courts, Where low.browen baseness waf's perfume to pride. No: Men! high-minded Men! Men who their duties know; But know their, higbts, and, knowing, dasb ilAISTAISl — [Selected. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. m^^^-^^^ s^-.^.S w^ give ghcki/aimfiill $1.50 Per Ai^i-(urri. PtniLISHED MONTHLY BY THE CAL. AGRICULTUEISr PUB. 00. S. HAEEIS HEEEING, Editor. OFFICE:— Over the S.tii ,Tose Sa^-iiigs Bank, Bnlbacli's Biiil(1iiiun, coarse and rouglx; Kut one thcru was who watched him, who long tiuu! liugereii nigh. And cast at him sweet glances from the corner of her eye. He drove up to the market, he waited in the line — His apples and potatoes were fresh and fair and rtne; But long and long he waited, and no one came to buy, Save the little black-eyed rebel, watching from the corner of her eye. •Now who will buy my apples?" he shouted, long and loud; And "Who wants my potatoes?" ho rei^eated to the crowd; But from all the people round him came no word of a reply, Save the blaek-eyed rebel, answering from the corner of her eye. For she knew that neath the lining of the euat he wore that day Were long letters from the hxisbaud and the fath- ers far away. Who were fighting for the freedom that they meant to gain or die; Aud a tear like silver glistened in the corner of her eye. But the treasures— how to get them? crept the question through her mind. Since keen enemies were watching for what prizes they might tind; And she paused a while and pondered, with a pretty little sigh; Then resolve crept through her features, aud a shrewdness fired her eye. So she resolutely walked up to the wagon old and red; "May I have a dozen apples for a kisR?" she sweetly said. And then the brown fac6 flushed to scarlet, for the boy was somewhat shy. And he saw her laugniug at him from the corner of her eye. "You niay have thera all for nothing, aud more, if you want," quoth ho. "I will have them, my good fellow, but can pay for them," said she; And she clambered on the wagon, minding not who all were by. With a laugh of reckless romping in the corner of her eye. Clinging round his brawny neck, she clasped her lingers white aud small, And then whispered "Quick, the letters! thrust them underneath my shawl. Carry back again this package, and be sure that you are spry !" And she sweetly smiled upon him from the cor- ner of her eye. Ijoud the motley crowd were laughing at the strange, ungirlish freak. And the boy was scared aud panting, and so dashed he could not speak; And, "Miss, I have good apples," a bolder lad did cry; But she answered, "No, I thank you," from the corner of her eye. With the news of loved ones absent to the dear friends they would greet. Searching them \\ lio huugered for them, swift she glided through the street. "There is nothing wendiug blow; Hid every realm that bears tho trump of fame Quake at the distant terror of her namel A Russian Fable. BY LAXJU.\ SANFORD. One day a farmer in his field Wits sowing oats for autumn yield. A young horse watched him on his way. And gave at once a scornful neigh. "How foolish man is!" this colt thought; "Hero in the very act he's caught "Of throwing oats upon the ijround; Could auy rasher waste bo found ? "Give mc that heap, and I would show What oats are good for— for I know. "Or even give them to tho crows, They have more sense thau this act shows! "Or hoard them carefully away. Man may want oats some future day!'* Well, time i)nsscd on. The aritumn grain Was garnered from the field again. The farmer gathered oats tenfold, Aud gave tiio horse all he could hold. Are wo not sometimes like this colt? Wo send a criticisiug bolt 'Gainst higher powers. We call waste What is but wisdom, viewed in haste. We mock the providence that sends Its aim through darkness to kind ends. The Rain Brops. A farmer had a field of corn of rather large ex- tent. In tending which, with anxious wire, much anx- ious toil he spent; But after working hard and long, he saw with grief aud pain. His corn began to droop and fade because it wanted rain. So sad and restless was his mind, at home ho couls not stop. But to his fields repaired each day to view Iiis withering crop. One day ho looked up despairing, at the sky. Two little rain dri>pd in the clouds his sad face chanced to spy. "I feel so grieved and vexed," said«oue, "to see him look so sad. I wish I could dohimsomegood;lndeedl8hould be so glad. Just see the trouble he has had, and if it should not rain. Why, all his toil, and time, and care he will have spent iu vain," "What use are you," cried number two, "to wat- er so much ground? Tour are nothing but a rain drop, and could not wet a mound." "What you have said," his friend replied, "I know is very true. But I'm resolved to do my best, and more I can- not do. "I'll try and cheer his heart a bit, so now I'm oflT: here goes!" And down the little rain drop fell upon the far- mer's nose. "Whatever's that?" the farmer cried; "was it a drop of rjiin ? I do believe it's come at last; I have not watched iu vain!" Fow, when the little rain crop saw his willing friend depart. Said he, "I'll go as well and try aud cheer the farmer's heart." But many rain drops by this time hod been at; tracted out To see and hear what their two friends were talk- ing so about. "We'll go 88 well," a number cried; "as our two friends have gone, We shall not only cheer his heart, but water, too, his corn. We're off. We're off!" they shout with glee, and down they felt so fast, "Oh, thauk the Lord!" the farmer cried; "the rain has come at last." £l Hundred ITears. DY F. J. WALKER. A hundred years— it seeraeth long To us, the children of to-day — We tell the tale and sing the song Of olden time, so far awoy.i We sing of those heroic ones Wlio spurned the shackles of a throne. And grim behind the rolling guns, Proclaimed that freedom was their own. Speak out, ye cannon, now once more, Behold to-day tho whnln earth hears Thy voice — speak louder than before The old truth of a hundred years. The story of that ancient bell. How lightly, joyfully it swung; Indeed, it was oppression's knell, Aud birth of liberty it rung. Ring out* ye freedom-bells, again, Your voice is welcome to o\ir ears — The key-note that ye sounded then Has echoed through a thousand years. Their battles-flags are folded now. The sword is rusting on the wall, The clod is on tiie soldier's brow. But this is not the end of all; For yonder flag with crimson bars — How glorious its joy ajiin-ars — Flaunts forth the triumph of your stars. Tho freedom of a hundred years. The freedom of a hundred years Tliey gave — oh, iiatriots sublime. The harvest of your toil and tears Shall ripeu to the end of time. Our Country Lives. DY SOLOS' ROBINSON. A hundred years! a century dead? A hiuidred years with banners spread. Our country lived, lives! And gains by what it gives; Grows youngthough growing old; Grows strong on what it grows; Though stalwart now, still Rrowing tall. From its vast wealth which overflows. From golden mines tho farmer finds in every soil. A hundred years, while growing old; A hundred states, may they unfold; And bnnners wave, wave O'er States which Freedom gave To form a Union strong; And stronger grown by years. Until Centennial days shall be Millennial too, in spite of fears. That through some fates, in several States, we yet might bo. A hundred years our flag has waved; "Our Country." now on banners graved, Oiu- County still, still As one in one good will, Still every part as one Joins hearls. and hands, aud lives; Lives now as through past years, And every wrong of each forgives, Through love of old and not through fears; And that is why we cannot die— OiU" Country lives! ^itji ^ardcttiiig. Flowers. The beautiful flowers, the beautiful flowers. They've a mission pure in this world of ours: They minister gently of hope and love, They teach our spirits to look above. And we gaze on them till our thoughts arise To the glorious bowers of paradise. Our garden is only a wee bit spot. In front of our humble snow-white cot. And tho haughty ll-irist might pass it by Ab imwortliy a glanc-e from his practiced eye; But dearer to me than regiil bowers To u monarch's heart, are our simple flowcre. We have gorgeous tulips of gold and jot. And gaudy searlet, in borders set. We hiive guy (.'aruations of brilliant hue. And the bf-autiful moss rose gemmed with dew. And we look on them with admiring pride — But our love is for those on the other side. There the delieate snow drop lifts its head. And the violet peeps from its lowly l>ed: Aud the breath of tho lily, the pride of the vale. Is floating sweet on the balmy gale; While around our duor the green ivy clioge, Aud the fragrant clematis its odor flings. Dearly I love the sweet fragrant flowers. They've cheered and gladdened my lonely hours, .\nd many a lesson ttiey bear to me Of holiness, meekness and purity. Oh. dreary and sa, there was rn old man from the " Sucker State" on whose brows rested the snows of eighty winters, come to thaw them in our sunny clime and bathe his wrinkled visage in the gentle zephers of San Fran- cisco. He seemed gi-eatly disgusl be silent in San Francisco, New York, • Germany, as iu San Jose. Seven lousand acres of sheep range will bring at a small part of San Felii^e's present ade to San Jose. We have now good roads, and a No. 1 rosperous school; many settlers have mquered from obstinate nature a small )ot for an orchard and grrden, and early every man, woman and child not fiicted by hereditary disease or accident in the best of health. The city's bonds for principal paid, id a fair rate of interest, will do much iwards lifting the, at present, unbear- ile load of debt that has been coiling, ke an anaconda, around our hard-work- ig community. There may be obsta- es in the way of the immediate issue f the bonds, but where as capable a immunity as yours feels a rcill, they ill certainly find a icay to ease the pres- ire, if not to remove a part of this ."ushing strain before January 1st, 1877, nds many flying homeless through pace, like pumpkin seeds from between giant's thumb and finger. God grant lat any that may be squeezed out may ght on, land take root in more genial jil covered by peace titles! Most honorable Mayor, City Fathers, ad influential citizens, may this settle- lent still exist and pack eggs to your vely city? Most respectfully and kindly, Y'ours, Chas. A. Wtjjan. .ETTER FROM KERN COUNTY. Panama, Kern Co., July 9, 1876, Ed. Ageicultukist ; I have had to al- lost leave ofl' all le'ter-writing, because f the press of work consequent upon tarting a new place. Making ditches nd breaking hmd put planting so far ehind that now, when we ought to be ating green corn, mellous, tomatoes, tc, they are only half grown. I have ast harvested the few ONIONS ■lanted for home use. They did finely; ome weighing from 1% to 1% pounds Bch, and were grown on moist land that leeds no irrigation. Many of those on he moistest pait of the laud sent up a talk and made sets again. Will they be ood to plant? I think they will be more aclined to go to see again. [Such buttons as are produced the ame year the buttons are planted are not ood to plant for onions, as they will be likely to go to seed again the same way. Only such buttons as are grown from se- lected onions — perfect bulbs grown one season and transplanted the next to pro- duce buttons — should ever be used for planting. — Ed. POTATOES. Early Rose potatoes produce well and do not incline to rot. Early Goodrich, the same. Peerless produces fine tubers and are keeping well; on hill weighed 3-^ pounds; all large. Early Ohio has proved a failure for two years. New York Late Hose has not done well, and rotted badly. I have Burbanks, Dun- more and Excel.sior yet to dig. Brinnell Beauty has not yielded well. Pie-plant roots, seedlings, set late last spring have furnished some good stalks for pies. It is going to bo a success here. I set one Houghton's gooseberry bush last spring, and it produced a full crop of fine fruit. It seems as if almost everything will grow upon this Island. DAIRYING, ETC. Good alfalfa hay can be had in the field for $4 per ton, or $5 in stack, or give half for cutting and putting in stack. While butter is 37 cents per pound, and cheese 16 cents, what a chance for dairy business. This is the best place I have yet found for a poor man who is ^willing and able to work, for there is no time of the year that he cannot be planting some crop . Our worst trouble is the rabbit; but a petition is being circulated now to have the county pay five cents for each pair of ears, and if they decide to do that, it will thin them some, as parties can take off the ears, then ship the rab- bits to San Francisco, and thus get 60 cents per dozen over those from other places. Many have been killed with phosphorus, which the farmers are put- ting out, mixed with shorts or corn meal. We are still planting corn; have heard of good crops made as late as July 13. We are testing the banana here. We received six plants the other day, which are in the hands of three dift'ereut parties for trial. I am too tired to write a letter; can only jot down ideas for yon; may send send more such notes in the future if you like them. Yours, J. B, R. [We would like to get such notes from every district iu the State. — Ed.] A WORD OF CAUTION. Santa Claka, July 12, 1876. Ed. AGEicnLTUEisT: In this hot, dry country, is it not wisdom and economy to supply ever}' means in our power to avoid destruction and ruin by fire? Steam threshers are excellent, it must be ad- mitted, for threshing grain; but they are also very destructive. Would it not be well for the farmers if the manufacturers would attach a force-pump that could be thrown in and out of gear in a moment, and be driven by the engine, also a piece of hose to direct the stream? And, fur- S^er, I would advise to have ready about six pails full of water, iu case the pump should fail to work properly. Farmers are very apt to say there is not much danger; but there is, nevertheless, and wisdom says. Prepare! I have received many valuable ideas from your interesting and instructive little paper. Please accept this poor one in return. Y'ours, respectfully, Geo. M. Beown. Stack your straw. Somebody's stock will want it if yours does not. Its actu- al vahie is one-third that of good hay. lisricttlttttt^ Concerning Fish and Fish Cui- ture. ^3 §HAD in the Hudson river had be- come nearly extinct until the Fish Commissioners of New Yrrk caused it to be stocked with 100,000,000 per year for several years; the con- sequence is that they have not been so plentiful and cheap for forty years as now. The rascally pot-house netters, however, take every opportunity to stretch their nets surreptitiously across the third of the stream reserved to lot them come up the river to spawn. Seth Green, that veteran pisciculturist, is now stocking the river with sturgeon in im- mense numbers, that in a few years will go through their nets as if they were a piece of gauze. The Hudson river stur- geon grow to an immense size, attaining frequently to the length of len or twelve feet, and weighing from four to five hun- dred pounds. Another gratifying practical result of fish planting is that in the Potomac where black bass were entirely unknown until it was planted, they are now caught in strings of from thirty to sixty, weigh- ing from two to four and a half pounds, in a day's fishing. This breeding of fish and stocking all the inland lakes and rivers is simply a question of food for the people, as much as raising grain, beef, pork, etc. The United States make an annual appropri- ation of $30,000 to procure fish from foreign waters which are unknown to us, and to change the breed of such as we have, which is as much required as to change the breed of everything from the human race to potatoes. Almost all of the States have now efficient fish laws, and very many make liberal appropria- tions to stock all the public lakes within their borders, under the supervision of their boards of fish commissioners, as well as the rivers. Canada does the same. — Cor. Chicago Journal. GoLD-FisH. — " How beautiful!" she exclaims, as she stands gazing at my window, iu which is hanging a globe containing a couple of ruby gold-fish. " Such a lot of time and trouble it must take to keep them!" declares her companion, at the same time gazing with admiring eyes on the brilliant golden beauties as they float, dive and execute the most indescribable twists and turns in their crystal palace. " Yes." replies the first speaker, with an audible sigh, "if I could spare the money, but you know — " And she metaphorically clasps her purse, and with heartless inconsistency turns away from one of the most beautiful of God's creation, and orders that "love" of a bonnet, which you know to cost nothing less than $25. Dear, oh dear! When will we learn to discover the true and the beautiful? When will we appreciate the wonders that He has created and discard ihe hol- low mockeries of to-day? But it is not for me to moralize, and so to my sub- ject. The first thing, after decided to keep fish, is to purchase a globe; mine held about three quarts and cost the enorm- ous sum of $1. The globes may be ob- tained of any establishment selling chinaware. Be snre and ask for French plate glass; examine carefully, and refuse those containing flaws or irregularities. If you cannot aflFord a globe, or wish to experiment, you can procure one of those old-fashioned wide-mouthed candy jars. The fish, costing twenty-five cents each, you can get of any bird-fancier. Lift your ej-es from the tantalizing beauty of the largo fellows, and select two not longer than three or three and a half inches. (I am supposed to be stocking a globe holding three quarts of water. ) Take a quantity of silver or common white scouring sand, and after thorough- ly cleansing in several courses of water distribute it on the bottom of the globe to the depth ol an inch. Filling the ves- sel to within half an inch of the top with fresh river water, sink in the sand sev- eral or as many pieces of water plant as your fancy and good judgment dictate, tute, being careful not to crowd the globe and thus impede the free motions of the iuiuates. Any pond or runniug stream contains numerous varieties of delicate water plant, which is absolutely necessary in your globle. Slips or cuttings, when fastened in the sand, will soon send out their lovely little branches, adding great- ly to the beauiy and cleann- ss of your globe, as well as to the sasteoance and longevity of the gold-fish. Several tadpoles — these are the best of scavengers, and of course are necessary — -a dozen of water-snails, and one or more "dace," will make youroutfit com- plete, and one of which you will never tire. We have now come to the most im- portant part of our subject, namely, food. Garden worms, not more than three at one time, cut in fine bits, are greatly relished, and indeed are their chief food. Fresh beef in winter is a good substitute. Bread is not at all del- eterious, as is a too common supposi- tion. As fresh water contains any num- ber of animalcules, never feed your fish oftener than once in two weeks; and when you think their appetite has been appeased, you must change their water. It is a never failing sign when the fish will persist in floating around the top in search of air that the water is impure and the globe needs renewing with fresh water. Never let the fish hang for any great length of time in the sun, and once a day if possible, let the cool air upon them. When it is desired to change the water, the inmates must not be removed with the hands, but with a sinifile little net made of any thin material. — Uurper's Bazar. The DisTRiBtTTioN OF Fish.' — Statistics of distribution for the years 1874 and 1875: Shad, 18,689,550; Penobscot sal- mon, 2,294,565; California salmon, 5,- 153,740; total, 26,137,855. To this is to be added the hatching and distribution, during the spring and winter of 1875-6, of California salmon, Penobscot salmon, land-locked salmon, and lake white fish, not vet completed, but amounting to at least 14,000,000 fish; thus making a total of 40,000,000 supplied by the United States Fish Commission in three years. This, at the assumed ratio of 1 to 200, would represent the proceeds of 8,000,- 000,000 eggs laid in the natural way and subject to all the especial perUs of natu- ral spawning. The little salmon will be ready to go into the large rivers about the middle of December, when fresh water fish that might otherwise devour them, will be in a state of torpidity ; and when the warm weather comes will be acclimated and able to take care of themselves. 3Ib. Ccd married Miss Fish, in a Con- necticut town, the other day. The af- j fair passed off swimmingly, and termin- ated in a Cod-Fish ball. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Seth Gbken, the noted sportsman and fish culturist, in the Forest and ISireani, makes what he considers a very import- ant suggestion to trout fishermen. He saj's that the most efi'ective hook in fly- fishing, and one which he himself al- ways uses, is made from a strong needle, annealed, bent and tempered, and con- sequently without a barb. He asserts that only in this way can a reallj' sharp hook be obtained; tl-at the tension of the rod is amply sufficient to keep such a hook in its place, and that a very gentle stroke will fix the keen point in the mouth of the fish. xmxL The Original Breed of Berkshire Swine. >4>RADITI0N, and the earliest pub- -ished accounts of what has long been particularly distinguished by the name of Berkshire swme, repre- sents them, down to about a century since, as among the largest breeds of England- -weighing, full grown, fi-om 700 to 1,000 jjounds, or more. The "Complete Grazier" describes one, in 1807, as weighing 113 stone (904 lbs). This was exhibited, with others, by bir William Curtis, at the cattle show of Lord Somerville, in that year. Johnson, in his "Farmers' Encyclopedia," Lou- don, 1842, says that they weighed at that time from 50 to 100 stone (400 to 800 lbs). The latter of these, doubtless, were of the improved breed. Originally they were represented as being generally of a buff, sandy, or red- dish-brown color, spotted with black, oc- casionally tawny or white spotted in the same manner. They were coarse in the bone; head rather large, with heavy flop ears; broad on the back; deep iu the chest; fiat-sided, and long iu the body; thick and heavy iu both shoulders and hams; well let down in the twist; bristles and long curly hair, with rather short, strong legs. Their meat was better mar- bbd than that of any other breed of swine in Great Britain — that is, had a greater proportion of lean freely inter- mixed with fine streaks of fat, which makes it much more tender and juicy than it would otherwise be. They were consequently, from time immemorial, preferred to all other swine there for choice hams, shoulders and bacon. They were slow feeders, and did not ordinarily mature till two and a halt or three years old. It is thus that I find the Berkshire hog figured and described in the earliest Eng- lish publications to which I have been able, thus far, to obtain access. But in the second volume of the magniflceut folio edition, illustrated with colored plates, now lying before me, of "The Breeds of the Domestic Animals of the British Islands," by Professor David Low, published in London, in 1842, is a portrait of a Berkshire as I have de- scribed above, except being of rounder body and somewhat finer iu all his points, with ears like most of those of modern breeding, medium in size, and erect instead of flopping. This portrait is of a saudy or rt-ddish-brown color, 8p.)tted with black; the feet and legs for ni-arly their whole length, white, slightly streaked on the sides .and behind witii reddish-brown. It, of coarse, represents one of the old breed considerably im- proved, and marked, as I occasionally found them in all my visits to Berkshire, down to lH7(i. But Ih..' jiigs which I saw thus marked were of the same size and shape, and as fine in all their points, as the general run of the black, slate, or phim colors of the present day. rOEMATION OF THE IMPEOTED BEEKSHIKE SWINE. Tradition tells us that this was made by a cross of the black or deep plum- colored Siamese boar on the old unim- proved Berkshire sows. Other traditions assert that the black and white spotted, and even pure white Chinese boar was also sparingly used to assist in the same purpose. I can well believe this; for I often saw swine in Berkshire spotted, about half and half black and white, in addition to the reddish-brown, or dufl' and black, and so on almost up to a pure plum color or black. The produce of the above cro.ss or crosses was next bred together, and by judicious subsequent selections, the imjjroved breed, as we now find it, became, in due time, fixed and permanent in all its desirable points. Another feature, aside from the half and half black and white spots hitherto occasionally found to mark the improved Berkshire swine, which may be adduced in support of the supposition of a spar- ing cross with the white and light-spot- ted Chinese, is the shape of the jowls. All those which I have bred in my pig- gery, or imported at diSerent times direct from China, or have seen elsewhere, had much fuller and fatter jowls than the Siamese. Some of the breeders in Eng- land preferred the fat jowls, because carrying the most meat; others the leaner as they said this gave their stock a finer and higher-bred look in the head. THE SIAMESE SWINE. In the same volume of Professor Low which contains the Berkshire jjortrait as described above, is a colored plate of a Siamese sow. She is a dark slate, vary- ing to that of a rich plum color. The two hind feet are white; the fore legs and feet white, shaded in front with plum. The face is dished; head tine, with short erect ears; shoulders and hams extra large; back broad, with a deep round and longish body. This sow is represent- ed with a slightly swayed or hollow back, at which we need not wonder, consider- ing its length, and that she has a litter of nine great, fat pigs tugging away at her dugs. These Professor Low says were got by a half-breed Chinese boar, which I presume, from the color of the pigs, was white; for some of them were pure white, while others are mixed slate or plum and white, and one is a buff, with black spots, like the original Berk- shire. I will now describe the Siamese swine, such as I possessed and bred for several years on my own farm. They varied in color from deep rich plum to dark slate and black; had two to three white feet, but no white on the legs or other parts of the body. The head was short and fine, with a dished face, and rather thin jowls; ears short, slender and erect; shoulders and hams round, smooth and extra large; back broail and somewhat arched, except in sows heavy with pig or suckling pigs, but even then it was straight rather than swayed; body of moderate length, deep, well ribbed up, and nearly as round as a barrel ; chest deep and broad; twist well let down; legs tine and short; tail very slender and well set, with a handsome curl in it near the rump; hair soft, silky aud thin; no bris- tles even on the boars; skin thin and of a dark hue, yet when scalded, scraped white; flesh firm, sweet and very tender, with less lean than in the Berkshire. Al- though so compact, round and smooth m build, they had a fine, high-bred, up- headed style, especiully in their walk, which instantly attracted the attention of all who called to see them. They were moderately prolific, and hardy as any other breed of swine I ever kept— the ex- tremes of heat and cold never injuring them. They were gentle in disposition, very quiet, and easily kept, and would partially fatten on good pasture, or coarse raw vegetables. They could be made fit for the butcher at any age; matured at 12 to 1.5 months old ; and when fully fat- tened, generally weighed from 250 to 300 pounds, and occasionally going to 350. or even 400 pounds. They had very fine bones and light oft'al. It was, doubtless, with Siamese boars as perfect as I have here described, that the cross was made on the original Berk- shire sows, which has contributed so largely to the formation of the improved breed, held in such high estimation for a full century or more past. WHEN WAS THE CBOSS MADE? Several aged men in different parts of Berkshire, of whom I inquired on my first visit to England, in 1841, informed me that they had known there improved swine of the same type as I then found them, from earliest childhood. But the most particular, and apparently reliable account I was able to obtain, was from Mr. Westbrook, of Pinckuey Green, By- sham, who told me that his father pos- sessed them as early as the year 1780, in as great perfection as the best then ex- isting in the country. Thus it will be seen that the improvement is now at least a century old, and more probably a century and a quarter; for it would have taken some years back of 1780 to begin a new breed of swiue, and get it up to a fixed type at that period. CHAKACTEEISTICS OF THE BEST IMPROVED EEEKSHIEE SWINE AT THIS TIME. Snout and head fine and rather short, but larger in proportion to the body in the male than in the female, and with a bolder and more determined expression; face dished aud broad between the eyes; jowls full or thinner, according to the fancy of the breeder; eyes bright and ex- pressive; ears small, thin and upright, or inclining their points a little forward; neck short, rather full iu the throat, and harmoniously swelling to the shoulders; chest broad and deep; back broad and moderately arched; rump nearly level with it; well let down in the twist; body of good length and depth, round with well sprung ribs, and straight along the sides and under the belly ; shoulders, above all, in the boar, extra thick, yet sloping smoothly to the body; hams broad, round, deep, and so thick through from side to side, particularly in the sow and barrow, that, standing diredtly be- hind, except when pretty fat, the sides of the body are scarcely seen between them and the shoulders; legs fine.strong, of moderate length, and set rather wide apart; feet small, with clear, tough hoofs; tail slender and well set, with handsome curl near the rump; bones tine and of an ivory-like grain and hardness; oft'al very light in comparison to weight of carcass; hair fine, soft and silky; no bristles, even on the boar; skin thin and mellow, with elastic handling of the flesh beneath; quick and spirited in movement; stylish in carriage, and, in the boar more espe- cially, b(dd and imposing in presence. — From AUeri's I'rUe Fssay. ^tttamolojial The July number of the Califoenia Agricdltueist is on our table. In amount, variety and quality of matter, indicated by its title, it has no equal on this coast. Cal. AoBictiLTURi.sT Pub. Co, San Jose— $1 50 per annum. — Cas- trocille Argils. Don't burn your straw. Stack it. Combatins Insect Foes. kP f' EOF. F. H. SNOW, of the State > University of Kansas, tells us how he would make war against nox- • lous insects; in one one of his late educational lectures. He suggests that it should commence with — 1. Legislation to compel every man to keep his grounds free from insect pests. No one has a right to foster noxious agencies for the destruction of his neigh- bor's crops and fruit. 2. A bounty might be offered in cer- tain cases, by the county. State or Gen- eral Government, for the capture of injurious insects. A reward of twenty- five cents a bushel for locusts during our recent visitation by this scourge would doubtless have prevented a large portion of the damage inflicted. Such a reward would certainly be as legitimate as the customary bounty for gopher skins. 3. The introduction of parasites should be undertaken by the General Govern- ment. Many of our most destructive in- sects have been introduced from Europe. In the Old Country they have many par- asites to keep them in check, but as yet few of these parasites have made their way to this country, so that our foreign foes have proved most destructive on ac- count of the absence of their natural checks. That the plan proposed is a feasible one has been proved by Dr. Le Baron, the Illinois State Entomologist, who has successfully introduced into northern Illinois a parasite upon the ap- ple bark, louse. 4. Every State in the Union should employ a competent man as state ento- mologist, who should give his whole time to the work of investigating the hab- its of insects, and disseminating infor- mation among the people. Messrs. Fitch, Eiley aud Le Baron have saved millions of dollars to the great States of New York, Missouri and Illinois, by their indefatigable entomological labors. The salaries paid to these men have been a thousand-fold returned to the States employing them. 5. The legal protection of insectivor- ous birds. A commis.sion should be ap- pointed to determine what birds are en- titled to this protection. G. The plan proposed for the appoint- ment of a national commission for the prevention of the national calamities oc- casioned by insects is worthy of indorse- ment by every farmer and fruit-grower in the land. The petition to Congress for such a commission should receive universal signature. 7. I would finally suggest that if our people were more generally familiar with the subject of entomology, and were able to distinguish between the beneficial and injurious species of insects, our univer- sal enemies would be more intelligently and effectually resisted. To this end I would earnestly recommend the intro- duction into our schools of the elements of this extremely practical stience. In- dependently of the education.al advan- tages of natural history studies, the "practical" value of a knowledge of plants and insects should forcibly com- mend botany and entomology to those who determine the course of training iu our common schools. It our children were taught to distinguish between their friends and foes in the insect world, a large proportion of the annual loss en- tailed upon us through ignorance would undoubtedly be prevented. And since the majority of those who attend our public schools will be connected for life with the pursuits of agriculture and hor- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ticnlture, it is easy to understand the propriety, and even the necessity, of in- troducing into the courses of study those "practical" branches a knowledge of which is essential to success in those pursuits. Birds, Insects and Crops. — It won't do any harm to repeat, for the benefit of our many new as well as old readers, that birds pay ten-fold for all they eat on our farms in destroying insects. An old writer of fifty years ago says, in speak- ing of the cut-worms, mice and insects, that he erected thirty boxes in different parts of his garden, which were soon occupied by birds, and he found they soou disposed of the enemies of his cab- bage plants and vines. — Rural Sun. SM'ebuchadnezzar. BY IBWIN BUSeELL. You. Nebuchaduezzar, whoa, sah! Whar is you tryiti' to go, sah '{ I'd hab yoii for to know, eah, I'a a-holdin' ob de lines. You better stop dat prauciu'; You'8 pow'ful fond ob dancin*. But I'll bet my yeah'H advancin' Dat I'll cure you ob your shiuea. Look heali, mule! Better mine out — Fub' t'iuK yoti know you'll fin" out How quick I'll wear dia line out On your ugly bLubbo'n back. You needn't try to sieal up An* lit' dat precious heel up: You'd got to plow dia fiel' up, You has, sah, for a fac'. Dar. dat's de way to do it! He'H comin' right down to it: Jes' watch him plowiu' t'roo it! Dis nigger ain't no tool. Some folks dey would 'a beat him; Now, dat would ouly heat him — X know jes' how to treat him; You mus' reason wid a mule. He minds me like a nigger. If'he was only bigger He'd fotch a mighty figger. He would, I tell youl Yes, sah! See how he keeps a-clicltin'I He's as gentle as a chicken. An' nebber thinks o' kickin' — Whoa dar I Nebuchadnezzah! Is dis heah me; or not rae ? Or is de debbil got me ? Was dat a cannon shot me? Hab I laid beah more'n a week V Dat mule do kick amazin*! Dat beast was ep'iled in raisin'— But now I 'spect he's grazin' On de Oder side de creek. Treatment of Sick Animals — ^?. Cough in a Horse. fHEEE has been an internal wound, obstruction or irritation, and the cough is only a symptom or evi- dence that nature is trying to heal or remove it, and should no more be stopped till the cause is removed than the temporary scab that nature throws over nn external scratch should be re- moved before the wound is healed, when it comes off itself. It matters not whether the wound or obstruction is nasal, laryagital, bronchial, thoracic, or stomachic, caused by dust, poison or overwork, the cough will surely stop when the cause is removed. No doubt ginger, or other poison, might be more obnoxious to vitality than the injury, and temporarily call of the repair force for its own expulsion and thus abate the cough for a time, but to no greater real benefit than the paying of debts with money hired at a higher rate of interest than that on the debt, which is sometimes, but rarely, expedient, the debtor still has the debt to pay, and "bo- nus" besides. Not to burden youi' col- umns with statistical proofs, I will inci- dentally give one which also shows that "Light is dawning in the East." In a recent New York Journal of HeaUh containing many useful hints, with "liver pills," etc., its celebrated M. D. proprietor says substantially, "Never try to stop a cough; it is nature's way of removing phlegm from the chest; much better take something to increase the cough," etc.; and also adds that he is the first publishing the (nature cure) doctrine, which was systematized, suc- cessfully practiced and taught by lectures by its talented, self-denying and worthy M. D. discoverer, after ten years' exten- sive allopathic practice, about fifty years ago; and by him practiced till his recent death, at eighty-six, and taught in seve- ral excellent works of his. "Spasms in pigs, " "horn ail," men- tioned in the same paper (Jan. 20, 1870) and all ordinary diseases, in man or beast, are the most successfully treated on the "nature cure" system; and noth- ing can be done to help nature, but to remove all hindrances possible and sup- ply all natural wants. Make the patient comfortable and let nature work. Pois- ons tend to death when taken by well animals, and how absurd to think that their nature is instantly changed so as to tend to life, by being taken by a sick.aud perhaps .already nearly dead animal. "Like, cause, like effect" is as true here as everywhere else. In all acute, inflammatory cases, fevers with quick pulse and coated tongue, colds, etc., de not tempt the palate, and give no food unless it is desired in a nat- ural and plain condition, that is, without stimulating condiments. Food in the stomach, uncalled for, is a hindrance to recuperation. Unless there is heat and pain in the bowels, do not disturb them; if there is, pure, warm water enemas, and fomentation are usually sufficient. Always remember that nature knows her own business best, and don't try to force action with disagreeable interfer- ence. Unnatural, stimulating food and drink in an unnatural manner and quan- tity, have ofteu given "fits" to other an- imals than voracious pigs, and "uriuo and soap" are not the natural and best remedy; abstinence, rest and natural food and drink are far better. — New Eng- land Farmer. The Horsk's Foot. — A competent vet- erinary surgeon writes as follows on the subject of that all-important part of the horse, namely, the foot: Most of the horse-shoers of the coun- try prepare the foot, fit the shoe, and se- cure it to the hoof iu the same manner that a wood butcher fits a shoe to an old wood or ox s*ed. The mechanism of a horse's foot is one of the most wonderful and ingenious structures that can be found in all the works of the Creator. Beneath and in the rear of every hoof there is a frog, which is a tough and elastic pad for preventing injury to the animal whenever he plants his foot sud- denly on any hard substance. Largo rolls of cylinders of india-rubber are placed beneath the railway cars to pro- vent injury to any part of the car or to the cargo with which it is loaded. The frog beneath the foot of a horse is de- signed to subserve a similar purpose. But the manner in which most horses are shod lifts them as it were on short stilts, so the frog connot perform its ap- propriate functions. If we look carefully at the young horse when he is trotting or running, it will be perceived that every foot is brought to the ground in such a manner tliat the frog receives the powerful blow-. By this means all injury to the animal is avoided. Science teaches ns to permit the frog to develop and point downward. But most blacksmiths seem to think that the all-wise Creator made a mistake when He formed the foot of the horse. Hence they fall at the frog with red-hot burning irons, with edge tools and with any other appliance that will enable them to re- UKjve this extraneous excrescence. Il- lustrious minuies! Why not shave away all the rough, callous, adipo.se tissues be- neath their own heels, and allow the bare bones io rest on an iron plate in- side of their own boots and shoes? No frog, no foot; no foot, no horse. H0K.SES FOR FAiiMKn.s. — For the ordin- ary American farmer, who cultivates the average-sized farm of about lUU acres, in a variety of crops, a breed of horses is required suited to the heavy work of the farm, the hauling of crops to market, and also possessing the fleetness desira- ble in carriage horses. Such farmers cannot afford to keep separate teams for draught and carriage purposes. They want horses which, when hitched to the plow, will move with unyielding strength through sod and stubble, will draw the wagon loaded with grain, hay, corn or roots to the barn or stack, the loaded manure wagon over the soft, yielding earth; that will force the reaper through the stoutest grain, or the mower through the thickest grass; that will move wagons heavily laden with the farm products to market, and at the same time, when the farmer wishes them to get over the ground rap- idly, with carriage or light wagon, will be on hand. Some will say that the farmer has no business with fast horses. If he has not, we should like to know who has. He is generally located miles from his market town, whither he is often obliged to go several times a week, to market, on busi- ness, to church or lectures, and he can- not afford to waste much of his valuable time on the road. The lord knows animals have enough to suffer from hunger, thirst, cold, from beating and cruel and thoughtless own- ers, 'rhej' are cut and slashed, burned and blistered without mercy, and still editors will publish ever}' old fogj- remedy handed down from our old, heathenish, ignorant ancestors; and more horses have been spoiled by knives and hot irons than have ever been cured by such treatment, and it is time such abomin- able practices were abolished and a more common sense way adopted. Doctor a horse as you would yourself, and your will find it a vast improvement on the system. If your horse has colic, instead of trotting him around all the time, let him lie still, and cover him with three or four blankets and give large injections of warm water and he will soon be all right. IxTEsTiNAL Para-sites. — Prof. Cobbold marshals a considerable amount of evi- dence to show that colic in horses is fre- quently, in this country as well as in India, produced by ascaris, strongyli, and other internal worms. Over l,'2t)0 ascaridcs he mentions as having been re- moved in a post mortem examination of the intestines of one unfortunate horse. It is a pity we have no record of the sen- sations, the gastric arrangement, the thriftness of appearance of this much- afflicted animal. What an amount of food these voracious vermin must have consumed from the irritated intestines; rolled in masses, as they often are, they must frequently have formed an almost hopeless obstruction. Thankful would that wretched victim be to suffle off his mortal coil. Breeding from Unsodnd Horses. — A. f A. says, in the Country Gentleman, in an- \ swer to an inquiry: Several years ago a , neighbor of mine owned a stallion that ( had the stringhalt, and many of his colts had the stringhalt while following the following the mare; many more of them would be troubled with it after they bad ' been used a short time, and 1 think the colts, when kept to breed from, were more liable to have the stringhalt than those bred from a sound horse. The Press of the Day. We should not forget that the press is the greatest educator of the day, and, more than any other iustrumcutality, gives caste to individual and national character; and we should remember also that this induence imposes a correspond- ing responsibility upon ns. To meet this heavy and far-reaching responsibili- ty, and to make the press the palladium indeed of American liberty, the elevating lever of our advancing civilization, it must have a moral conscience, and an unyielding spine. Its influence and patronage must be withdrawn from the market. It must love the right and de- terminedly stand by it. It must be used no longer as the tool of demagogues to foist them to office. It must break its league with a remorseless money power, and no longer assist it iu plowing its schemes of fraud through legislation. It must turn away from charletaus and im- postors and refuse to longer recommend them through its columns. It must stand as a faithful guardian of the rights as well as the trustworthy monitor to the minds of the people. And upon the ap- pearance of harm, be it from an open fue or an insidious evil, it must have the courage to give faithful warning to the people, and strike telling blows for hu- manity and the right. To do this, we shall be caUed upon to thin out our ad- vertising colums, and for a short time our subscription list may be cut down, and our revenues greatly lessened, so that some of us may have to exchange the quill for the hammer and plow hand- les, but it will be well; our country will have been saved, and humanity entered upon the ascending note. We repeat, then, the great want of the American press to-day, is conscience and backbone. — Oregon Cultivator. Science of Money Briefly Stated. Under the above broad title, the publi- cations of the New York Mercantile Journal Company, (viz: The New Y'ork Mereanlile Journal, the J)ry Goods Jour- nal, the DriigqisL-i' Journal, the UardvMre Price Current, and the Grocer's I'rir.e Cur- rent,) are actively bringing the following apothegm to the attention of the public; claiming that the adoption of the system of finance therein sit forth will prevent both inflation and undue contraction, thus removing all liability to monetai-y panics, such as iu years past have so se- riously disturbed the tntire industry of the whole country an I entailed such fearful loss upon all. "In the interchangability (at the op- tion of the holder) of n.itioual paper money with Government b^nds bearing a fixed rate of interest, t',iere is a subtle principle that will n gulate the move- ments of finance and commerce as accu- rately as the motion of a steam engine is regulated by its "governor." Such paper money tokens would be much nearer perfect measures of value than gold and silver ever can be. The u^e of gold or other merchandise as moi ey is a barbar- ism unworthy of the age." — Wallace i' Groom. 22 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Stutlitultuvc, -^;d Culf Coast Fruits. TP.OPICAL FEUITS. INE-APPLE (Ururmlia Ananas) . This delicious tropical fruit, which can only be enjoyed in perfection when allowed to ripen on the plant, has been cultivated with considera- .e success on the small islands and eys" near the extreme south and itwest edge of Florida, more particu- ly in the neighborhood of Key West, e pineapple plant is very easily propa- ;ed, comes rapidly into bearing, and .y be made a source of very considera- I trade and profit when its culture is ;euded to its utmost limits, it must remembered, however, that it is ictly a tropical plant, not capable of luring even the slightest frost; and it it can only be grown south of lati- le 40". Properly organized colonies, small communities possessing the piisite capital and energy, could easily tke the pineapple culture, in south and ithwest Florida, a certain success; but retofore the remoteness of the most ■orable localities from all commercial lilities — the difficulties attending trans- rtatiou — and the almost total lack of ;ial, religious and mail privileges, ve deterred immigration and operated :y seriously against isolated individual ort in this promising enterprise. Banana (Miisa sapienium) , and Plan- n (J/, paraclisiacaj , both ripen their licious and wholesome fruit somewhat ther north, and stand a little lower gree of cold than the pineapple. Wher- sr the mean temperature reaches 70" 75" Fahrenheit, the banana and plan- n can bo raised very profitably; but Dse plants will thrive and fruit ripen, th a slight protection, where the mer- ry descends to 45", or even lower, iking this allowance for superior hard- ;ss, and extending the range of the nana at least one degree north, the eceding remarks touching the culture the jiineappe will apply to the very olific and healthful fruit now under r notice. It will be remembered that e great Humboldt calculated that, in proper clime and under favorable cir- mstances, the yield of food from the nana when compared with wheat was twenty-five to one; and he also .assert- that no plant grown on earth for bu- rn food could at all compare with this •rticular tropical fruit in combined pro- ictiveness and nutrition. There is a de field for the profitable culture of e banana on the Gulf Coast of Florida, aero it is a perennial plant, at all points uth of latitude 2a". It also very fre- lectly iiroduces ripe fruit much farther )rth, as in the city of New Orleans; and metimes, when slightly protected, on e coast of Mississippi, Louisiana and jxas, where the plant is very generally iltivatcd for its highly ornamental ap- iarance and beauty. As a sure and re- iblc fruit-producing plant, however, the mana can only be recommended within 0 geographical limits above mentioned ■namely, near the Gulf Coast, and south latitude '2'J". The Cocoa Nut (Comn miciferaj, the ate Palm fPhcrnix dacUjlifera) , the uava fPsidinm), the West Indian Paw- iw (Varim Papaya), the Anchovy Pear Vri«.s cax/i/Jora^.^the Alligator or Avoca- 3 Pear ( Imwiis Persea). and possibly her tropical fruits are cultivated to a inited extent,, both for use and orna- ent, at the extreme end of the Florida ;ninsula, in the gardens at Key West id Its neighborhood, but as yet, bo far as I am aware, none of these fruits have been planted there on a large scale, nor attained any commercial importance. SEMI-TKOPICAIi FP.niTS. Sweet Orange {Citrus A^(ranllum) . This almost universally-known and favorite fruit ranks deservedly at the head of this list, and is worthy of far wider and more careful culture than it has yet received among us. We can cultivate success- fully every variety of the sweet orange known in America; and it is an import- ant and noteworthy circumstance, that the seeds of the sweet orange from the West Indies, Southern Mexico, and other tropical countries, when planted on the Gulf Coast produce fruit far superior in size and flavor to that which we import from those countries or from Europe. This now well-established fact, and the ease and certainty with which fine native seedling orange trees can be produced, should encourage our people greatly to extend the propagation and culture of this noble fruit — this "golden apple of the Hesijerides' ' — to its extreme northern limit. I find it quite difflcult to define these limits with much accuracy; having seen and eaten fine oranges grown on the Atlantic coasts of South Carolina; in the northern interior of Florida; near the southwestern edge of Mobile Bay (north of latitude 20"), and at all points along the Gulf Coast, from the border of Ala- bama to Galveston, in Texas. The im- mediate shore or margin of the Gulf Coast — the islands of the Gulf sufflcient- ly elevated to escape overflow and pro- tracted submergence in severe storms; and the banks of the rivers, bays and bayous emptying into this great Gulf of Mexico, embrace thousands of acres per- fectly adapted to the culture of the sweet orange and many of its congeners. Throughout the whole of our mild and pleasant coast country, there are number- less locations yet unoccupied and easily attainable, where almost the entire ciliits family ; from the delicate little Mandarin to the huge Shaddock, maj' be raise in great perfection, and with nearly as much certainty of a regular crop, as any other variety of fruit which we cultivate. It affords mo much pleasure to assure the Society that the propagation, growth and culture of this most interesting and pro- fitable family of fruits is steadily increas- ing from year to j^ear; and has of late only been retarded by the great and pe- culiarly embarrassed condition of our section. The variety of orange most in favor and cultivation with us has gener- ally been raised from seed, either native or foreign, and is designated and known as the Creole orange. We have also in cultivation, to a limited extent, the Bra- zilian (C. BrazUiensis) , the Mandarin (C nohilis), the Tabasco {C. ^fexicana), the Seville {liriqaradkr), sour or bitter, the Shaddock ('.'. dccuniana) , the Pample- mousse, the Myrtle, and a few other va- rieties. Of these, the finer sorts of Creole seedlings, the Mandarin and the Brazilian (all sweet), are undoubtedly the best and most profitable; though the most of the other sorts mentioned are valued for special purposes. The Lemon (C. Limonnni), the Lime (C. Limetta or acida), and the Citron (C. medica), are also grown to a limited ex- tent; but all these are less hardy and vig- orous than the different varieties of sweet orange, less in demand and, there- fore, not so desirable. Japan Plum (Me^pihis Japonwa, l.oquat, PJriobvtrya) . This tree is a broad-leaved evergreen of strikinglj' beautiful form, and fine, free habit of growth. It is very attractive and lovely in foliage, and pro- duces an abundauco of deliciously fra- grant flowers in late autumn and early winter. These, if not injured by frost (which rarely happens south of latitude 30"), are followed early in the spring, from last of January to middle of April, by profuse clusters of fruit, the size of a large plum — juicy, sub-acid, refreshing, and altogether delightful and unique in flavor and quality. This fruit may be gathered four or five days before it is fully mature — will ripen perfectly in the house or in Iratis'du; and, if it were large- ly planted, in proper localities, could be made a source of very great profit. The most favorable localities seem to be in the vicinity of New Orleans, ranging from twenty to thirty miles above to sixty or eighty miles below the city, on the Mississippi river coast, and thence south and southwestwardly, throughout the entire region lying near the Gulf, between the great river and Eastern Tex- as. The Japan plum is said not to suc- ceed well in East Florida, but I am at a loss to find any good reason for its fail- ure there. Within the particular limits I have mentioned, and even as far east and north as Pascagoula Bay, on the Gulf coast of Mississippi, this attractive and very desirable fruit tree bears a crop three or four years cut of five, and is generally grown on a limited scale, both for use and ornament. Fig {Ficus Carica), What the apple, the currant, the strawberry, the Concord grape, and other every day household fruits of the easiest production are to the people of the North and West, the fig most emphatically is to us of the Gulf Coast, the "fruit for the million!" It grows from cuttings as readily as the grape or willow; these cuttings often producing a few ripe and edible fruit the first season, and (with proper culture) nearly alwas the second year. The tree seems subject to no disease whatever — is seldom seriously injured by frost; and, when two or three years old, always bears two, and sometimes three crops of fruit during our long season. This fruit, fresh, is of the most delicious, nutritive and wholesome quality; and may, when fully ripe, be eaten directly from the tree, or prepared for the table in many attractive forms by the skillful housewife. It is, however, mainly of the fig as a marketa- ble and commercial fruit that I here wish to say a few very particular words. As- suming that the production of this fruit in our section, so far as quantity is con- cerned, is practically without limit, our next consideration is, how to preserve it in such a manner as to admit of long and safe keeping and distant transportation. Up to the present time, the fig, so deli- cate and perishable when fully ripe as to almost preclude the idea of handling or shipping at all in its "fresh" state, has only been cultivated and prized for home use and immediate consumption. It is true a few attempts have been made to dry figs m the sun; and our tasteful house-keepers have prepared fig pre- serves, pickles and confections, in many attractive forms; but thus far, with the honorable exception of one firm in the city of New Orleans, no one within my knowledge has attempted to utilize this fruit on a large scale, or render it an ar- ticle of commercial importance and great profit. I think I hazard little in saying now, however, that what cotton was be- fore the day of Whitney and his gin, the fig has been until the successful advent of Bulkley, Alden and other inventors of fruit-dryers and evaporators. I fully be- lieve that the problem is very near its solution — that this excellent and most proline fruit will soon assume its right- ful importance among us; and that be- fore many more meetings of this Society dried figs of Southern jiroduction will be found plentifully in our markets, and prove an important and acceptable ad- dition to our home luxuries. The dried fig being the only form in which this wholesome fruit has heretofore been of- fered to the general public, it may not be inappropriate to say that our figs can also be very successfully pickled (sweet or sour), preserved in syrup, candied and crystalized in sugar, and put up in many other attractive forms and ways. All varieties of the fig, thus far tried, succeed perfect!}' on our Gulf Coast; and reckoning upon the value and efficiency of the most improved fruit-dryers and evaporators, there is no fruit which can be grown in our section that offers a surer or more liberal return for a moder- ate expenditure of cajjital and labor. Pomegranate {Pun'wnGranafiim). This graceful and beautiful fruit tree thrives everywhere on the Gulf Coast. Of the fruit-bearing we have three or four vari- eties, and at least as many ornamental sorts. Both fruit and flowers are very beautiful and attractive, and the pulpy seeds of the former, when prepared with sugar like the northern currant, furnish a juice sweet, cooling, refreshing and agreeable, especially in the sick room. This juice is also used for jellies and con- serves, and has often been made into a delicate and peculiar wine. The thick, leathery rind, or outer skin of the fruit, and the bark of the roots, possess very marked astringent and anthelmintic pro- perties, and have frequently been used in medical practice with good results. The pomegranate, however, aside from its great beauty, and the uses to which I here advert, does not possess much at- traction as a popular fruit for the market or dessert; and can only be recommend- ed for limited cultivation. Olive (Otea Europea). We have sev- eral varieties of the olive, including one wild, native sort {Olea Americana), a pretty broad-leaved evergreen, bearing a small fruit of no value. The European olive tree grows freely and luxuriantly, wherever properly planted and eared for; but its fruit production is not generally satisfactory. The dry uplands and rocky ridges of the interior are, doubt- less, better adapted to this fruit than the low, moist, sandy lands on the coast; and. as the olive can resist a much lower temperature than the orange, it may be tried successfully in the more elevated and hilly portions of our Gulf States. Jujube {Zizi/pliussaiivus). This tree is a native of Syria, but flourishes every- where on the Gulf, and as far north and east as Raleigh, North Carolina. The tree is of medium size — sometimes twen- ty or thirty feet high — with alternate and singularlj' tortuous branches, armed with long, curved thorns, and having very glossy and beautiful dark green leaves (deciduous). The fruit, which ripens in July and August, is about the size and shape of an olive; and of a sweet and pleasant taste, somewhat similar to that of dried dates. There is little doubt that the Jujube (sometimes called Jujeb) is the true Libyan Lotus of Herodotus, 4, 177, and that it is also described as the Lotus by Pliny, among the ancients, as well as Shaw, Uesfontains, Beechy and Park, among modern travelers, It is the Scedra, of the .\rabs, and was formerly much cultivated in Southern Europe, and the fruit use for the making of a mild kind of wme or mead, and the well- known jujube paste. Of late years, this once popular confection has been re- placed by a cheaper preparation of mu- cilage and sugar, and the culture of the fruit has greatly fallen off. It is a very ])rctty and aftiactivo fruit tree and de- serves a limiti-d share of attention. — Fx- trnct from address by D. Redmond before the American I'omoloyical t>ociely, 1875. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 123 ®he #iJtttcuttiiil A Look at the Centennial Exposi- tion- A wouderful colkctiou of the products of butnau industry aud art is now open to the world's inspection at Philadelphia. We have seen most of the great exhibi- tions in Europe since 1852, and we do not hesitate to say that this display by far exceeds them all. It is not, however, intended to state that in everj' particular the Centennial excels; for m works of art, in the number of rare paintinys, and in statuary, it is comparatively weak; but in the display of mechanical devices, textile fabrics, products of iron and coal industries, chemicals, agricultural pro- duets, etc., it is far in advance. And wo are not alone in this view. Our visitors from other countries, those who express candid opinions, fully coincide in the estimate we have formed of the display. Its magnitude is immense, the variety bewildering. As regards expense, it will be safe to say that the cost of cases and devices and appliances for the display of articles by exhibitors cannot be less than two millions of dollars, and it may be twice this sum. The costliest woods, metals aud glass are used which the world can furnish, and the most skillful artisans have been emploj'ed in planning and constructing these receptacles for the thousands of curious and wonderful sub- stances and devices brought together. No estimate can be made of the value of the exhibits, even approximating towards the truth; but the wealth in kind is unques- tionably larger than was ever before brought together. The natural products, the industries, the inventions of our country are repre- sented as they never were before, and it is the first time they were ever fairly brought iu contrast with those of the Old World. The international contribu- tions are unexpectedly large and com- plete, and it is gratifying to know that every civilized notion on the globe, with three or four exceptions, is represented. Greece does not appear, and there are several of the petty South American states that occupy no space. England would naturally be, next after us, the largest exhibitor, and it is apparent to every one that she is. The mother country has done grandly iu her display, and has sent to her children in the west a vast amount of her industrial aud art treasures for examination aud study. Every step taken through the large space occupied by England brings the visitor to new objects of wonder and delight, and thousands every day linger around the wellifilled cases in this department. The French, Belgians, Germans, Rus- sians, etc., all do well, and their pro- ducts individually are worth a visit to Philadelphia to see. So fully have the nations of the earth responded to our in- vitations that it is impossible in the space at our command to allude to even the prominent articles which are open to inspection. Not only the leading na- tions of Europe command our attention, but those of Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. Even so far-away and little-known countries as the Orange Free State in Africa, and Tasmania in New Zealand, have joined in the grand concourse of nations The Sandwich Islands make a most interesting display, especially in their volcanic products. We have never seen more wonderful speci- mens of lavas, sulphur, and natural crystalline substances than are here ar- ranged. It is impossible to repress a smile as one passes into the Japanese department, They are unquestionably among the shrewdest and most ingenious people in the world. They have brought to the exhibition some of the most delicate aud beautiful bronzes and lacquered wares ever made by human hands, and they have done this, not only to gratify a laudable national pride, but also with an eye to business. They seem to us to be a people wonderfully self-reliant and in- telligent, and fully ready to open up to trade the great American markets. In connection wfth their exhibits, they in- tend to "open shop" outside the grounds and doubtless a thriving business will be done. The Chinese surprise every one with the extent and richness of their dis- play. In elaborate and skillful carving in wood and ivory they lead all other na- tions. Their department is now fully opened, aud visitors are inclined to lin- ger long among the extraordinary pro- ducts of Chinese skill. The Russians have been tardy in arranging their arti- cles, and at the time of our visit their section was in a state of confusion. Enough, however, was open to indicate the unsurpassed richness of the mala- chite goods which they have brought to the exhibition. But it is not our pur- pose to enter upon any extended state- ments regarding the exhibition in gene- ral. Almost every newspaper in the country has its special co-respondent at Philadelphia who, during the summer, will describe in detail all the wonders of the exhibition so that every reader will be fully informed. If any one supposes that the Agricul- tural Department of the great exhibition at Philadelphia is devoted solely, or largely, to a display of agricultural im- plements, and that the eye of the visitor is to be wearied with piles of freshly painted mowers, harrows, plows, etc., he is greatly mistaken. We regard the agricultural building, with its contents, as one of the most interesting of the group, aud alone it is worth a trip to Eu- rope to see. Every live, intelligent far- mer in the country should contrive in some way to visit this display. More can be learned by a careful study of the seeds, plants, tools, agricultural products etc., which are here brought together from all parts of the world than in any other waj'. A farmer in middle life will find enough to supply food for thought for the rest of his days. The acres of area covered by the grace- ful roof of the agricultural building are laden with the fruits of the earth from every clime, and the elegance of the de- signs of cases, rooms, etc., and the cost- liness of the products, astonish every visitor. Take the display of the single State of Iowa, under the management of James W. Fulton, Esq., of Fairfield; what avast variety of wonderful products is here brought together. The fruits are all represented iu wax, and are exact models of fruits produced in that State last season. These wax fruits are works of art in form and coloring. The seeds are shown in vast variety; enormous stalks of the cereal gi'ains, with the gold- en ears of corn hanging in ponderous masses from the walls afford a pleasant sight to the eye, and the collection af- fords a complete exhibit of the earth products of that garden State. The same may be said of the exhibits of the other States and countries. — Boston Journal of Chemistri/ for July. Centennial of the American Repub- lic.— Henry Channing Beals, editor of the Com. Herald, Sau Francisco, says: In the history of nations the passage of a hundred years has seldom determ- ined results which leave their impress upon mankind for all coming time. None has been so pregnant with great events, none so replete with salutary experiences and human progress as that which ter- minated with the Fourth of July, 187G. The mere enumeration of its wondrous achievements would require volumes of research in every department of science, art, literature, discovery, invention, po- litical economy, emancipation from tj'- ranny, from religious persecution aud bigotry, the propagation of republican principles founded on the inalienable rights of the individual, and a host of other subjects indicating the mastery of mind over matter, the control of know- ledge over ignorance. Put for the exist- ance of this great republic, it is question- able whether the now indispensable services of steam, electricity, and their cognate elements of strength and do- minion, would have been brought into requisition. This country has been, and is, the gi-tat iconoclast of the world, breaking down and destroying the idols that held nearly the whole habitable globe iu the bondage of subservience to arbitrary rule, and social and political iuequality before the law. Its grand declaration of principles which underlie the whole fabric of personal independ- ence aud freedom, and its steadfast ad- herence to the terms of that declaration, have commanded the confidence and re- spect of the nations, the love and admir- ation of the good and worthy, every- where. The priceless boons bestowed by Providence through the agency of the United States belong equally to all the world. We have called the world to unite with us in grateful recognition of what it has received — and the world has come! It remains for us, on the western confines of this great republic, to par- ticipate fully, cheerfully, grandly, to the extent of our power, in the effort to cele- brate the Centennial Anniversary of our country's birth in a manner commensur- ate with 60 august an occasion. It will infuse into the minds of those who come after us the eradicable determination to stand by principles that have blessed the whole human race. Flowers at the CENTEN>aAL. — The horticultural grounds and exposition of the Centennial comprise forty acres, covering the whole of a sugar-loaf hill, located near the center of the exposition inclosure. All the United States trees arc represented, and the plants recently introduced from China, Japan and the East. Tne space reserved for the dis- play of ornamental gardening contains about 70,000 flowering, and perhaps as many foliage plants, arranged in the carpet, bed, ribbon and geometric style of gardening. The building, exclusive of the main hall and the four green- houses, is divided into several compart- ments for the individual exhibits of flor- ists and gardeners. On the north and south sides are the two greenhouses, each thirty by one hundred feet in size. These and the main building are heated by hot water, for the exhibition of choice plants of commerce, tropical and other exotic pioductions. The main hall, eighty by two hundred feet in size, is ornamented by a handsome marble fountain, sur- rounded by statuary and specimensof the ceramic art. The heating of this large building is efl'ected as follows: Four large return flue-boilers placed in the basement of the main hall, connected by iron pipes lain underneath the floor of the passage-way, conveying water to and from the boilers, and, propelled by heat, the water moves throughout the building disseminating a genial and uniform heat everywhere. Pabis gbeen is very widely used for destroying the Colorado potato beetle and the cotton worm. Its brilliant color is likely to prevent accidents from mis- taking it for something else. Dr. Kedzie estimate that more than a hundred tons were used in one year in the State of Michigan. This extensive use brings up the questions. Will it poison the plants, and render crops unsafe as food? Will it poison the soil and injure succeeding crops':' Will it become washed into drains and poison springs and wells/ What becomes of it iu the soil'? To answer the first question, — cabbage jilants were watered with a saturated so- lution of arsenic, and were killed in a week, but the leaves did not contain a trace of the poison, except by a discolor- ation of the stem near the roots. When the solution was weaker, so as not to injure the plant, the slightest trace could not be discovered anywhere. The ex- periments were repeated on barley and on turuips. Again, they were tried on peas, all with the same results. Dr. Kedzie says: "Four years ago, I made a careful investigation to determine wheth- er the potato tuber absorbed arsenic when Paris green was applied to the plants to destroy the potato beetle. I took pota- toes raised iu the ordinary course, and repeatedly dusted, and others to which all the Paris green had been applied that could be used without killing the plant; but in no instance could I find a trace of arsenic iu the tubers. Other chemists have made similar investigations with the same results." Withoct agriculture there is no wealth. Gold and silver are not wealth, they are its convenient representatives; commerce produces no wealth, it simply exchanges it; manufactures and the arts combine it. Agriculture is the prolific mother of wealth, the rest simply handle it when produced and delivered into their hands. The earth breeds savages; agriculture breeds enlightened nations; it breeds houses and ships, temples and semina- ries; it breeds the manufactory; sculpture painting and music are its offspring. The wheels of the workshops, the sails of commerce, the implements of science, the pen of genius, the pencil and chisel of the artists, the eloquent tongue of the orator, the scheming brain of the states- man, the equipages of wealth, the ban- quetings of pleasure — all that renders earth in its tides of life auything but a great sepulchre, move and have power of being because the fields yield their fruits to the patient toil of the husbandman. We might manage to live without mer- chants, without mariners, without man- ufacturers, without orators, without po- ets, perhaps we might possibly survive the loss of demagogues, but sure I am we could not live without plowmen. The state of husbandry in any country is the best test of its enlightenment. The thermometer of civilization rises or falls as drives the plow. You must send the plow, exclaimed a man who had trav- eled all over Christian missionary ground in heathen lauds; a barbarian nation ueeds but to be plowed up, deep sub- soiled, sowed, planted, and the inevita- ble harvest will be an enlightened nation. Subscribe for the Agbictxtubist. .is Englishman visiting Sweden, no- ticing their care for neglected children, who are taken from the streets and high- ways and placed in special schools, in- quired if it was not costly. He received the suggestive answer: "Yes, it is costly, but not dear. We Swedes are not rich enough to let a child grow up in ignor- ance, misery and crime, to become after- ward a scourge to society, as well as a disgrace to himself." 124 California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. ii^0mcit Blanche and rfell. O, Blant-he is a city lady, Bedeckttl iu her siikb and laco; Slie walks with the mieu of a stately queen^ And a. queen's imperions grace. But Nell is a country maiden, ller drt-Ks from ttie farmstead loom; Her atep is free as a breeze at sea, And her face is a ruse in bloom. The house of Blanche is a marvel Of marble from base to di>nif ; It hath all things fair, aud costly and rare, But ajas! it is not home! Nell lives in a lonely cottage. On the shores of a wave-washed isle; And the lile she leads, with its living deeds* Ihe angels behold and smile. Blanche finds her palace a prison, Aud oft, through the dreary years, In her burdened breast there is sad unrest, Aud her eyes are dimmed with tears. But to Nell her toils are pastime, (Though mver till niyht they cease,) Aud her soul's afloat like a buoyant boat Ou the crystal tides of peace, Ah I Blanche hath many a lover. But she broodeth o'er old regret; Aud the shy, sweet red on her cheek is dead, tor the day-star of hope has set. Fair Nell! but a single lover Hath she in the wide, wide world: Yet waruily apart iu her glowing heart Love bides, with his piuiuus furled. To Blanche all life seems shadowed, And bhe but a ghost therein; Thro* the misty gray of her autumn day ateal voices of grief and sin. To Nell all life is sunshine, All earth like a fairy sod. Where the roses grow and the violets blow. In the softest breath of God. REFORmATlON AND DISCRIMEN- ATION. m BY DOEATHA. ,' ATTENDED a meeting for the re- L claimatiou of fallen women. One of the speakers, in the fervor of his [ feelings, exclaimed, "Is there anj' character on the earth so degraded, so near the gaping pit, as the abandoned womau?" The sentiment was applauded, and no one answered, "Yes, yes, the seducer!" A thousand times lower — a thousand times more to be despised is the man whose smooth dissimulation, cunning intrigues and deceitful suavity lead inno- cence and virtue to prostitution. And yet, strange us it may be, people, virtuous people, seem not to think that the depraver of woman is himself de- praved. Until the seducer can bear his share of the shame — until society visits on his head an equal share of the dis- grace that weighs down his partner in guilt, our cities and towns will be thronged with his degraded victims. But how are the facts? A man, the notorious corrupter of innocence, may reform, or pretend to reform, become an influential member of a church, and be received in society as an honored guest. He may not even reform. He may no- toriously continue in his wicked ways; and yet, if lus has m(uiey, or position, or talent, there are not a few who welcome him into the fashionable circle; and po- lite and accomplished ladies who will not blush to be seen walking Avith him in the streets — who will even invite him into their parlors and deUght to do him honor are not fi^w. ^ Is this right? Is not the seducer's victim as lit for the favors of society as he? Should the one be loaded with honors — be caressed and fawned upon, while the other, even when penetent and reformed, is spurned and spit upon, de- nied admission into Christian churches, driven back by the force of public senti- ment into the compiany of her former as- sociates of the brothel, — virtually com- pelled to resume a life of infamy? I ask not that the road to prostitution should be made more pleasant, or that the odium of the public condemnation should be withdrawn. But it is just that the seducer should stand on the same level with his victim and receive, at least, one half of the lashes of the public con- demnation. goujJdtoUl gvCiuUug. One Touch of SiTature. My sltetch was finished, aud 1 tnrued to go. Yet lingered for a minute to compare The painted cottage iu my fidio With that which stood within thelaudscape there. How feeble was my picture, despite all my care. 1 he cotter's wife was standing at her door. And saw her husband coming down the lane. And, catching up her baby from the floor. She hurried out to meet liim once again, Ijavish of treasured smiles that were nut spent in vain. Their meeting all his weariness relieved; His drudgery to merriment gave place; Eichau^'iug burdens, she his tools received. And h«. the baby, nestling to his face. So went they back contented to their dwelling- place. Weak wap my sketch, aud weak the matchless hufi Which nature shed around on land and sea. Beside the beauty of aftection true That simple meeting there revealed to me. Nothing on earth with humcn love ccmpared can be! DOTTINCS AND JOTTINGS. BY PKOP. ISAAC KINLEY. PEN the windows — open the doors, and let the sunshine in! See that cold-blooded man, the thermometer of whose afiVctions never rose above zero. He loves no one, and none loves him. He enjoys no smiles nor even the sad luxury of tears. A living embodiment of baseness, his emotions are only appetite, and his aspirations only for self-gratification. He belongs to the race of reptiles, and has crawled on his belly all the days of his life. A lingering relic of the saurian period, he fairly hisses at the smiling faces as they pass. The rose is queen of flowers not more for her beautiful colors than her sweet odors; and the human face divine is loveliest when radiant with the goodness of the heart. It is no less the affections than the intellect that raise man above the brute — that exalt him in the scale of being. Reason, indeed, is noble. Between it and the affections there should be no in- vidious line. These are the heat-rays giving warmth where that does light. Love and reason are correlatives, and the two, as one, only can be beautiful or great. Reason alone is an arctic day, bright but cold. Reason and the passions are the tropical tornado, leaving only ruin iu its train. Reason and the affections are the fair summer's day, with its verd- ant valleys aud fruitful fields. If life is a winter, aud the north wind blows, aud chills, and freezes; if the fiowers of love iind htjpo wither and die before their leaflets have unfolded, it is that the blasts have not been warmed and gentled by the soft south winds of human affection. Nature is reciprocal, giving kind for kind. Where the warm winds blow the leaves unfold and the flowers bloom. Who gives love, love receives, and is the happier and nobler for his giving. If there were more of sunshine and less of wintry darkness in human life, how infinitely better it would be for man- kind! Reader, open thou the windows and doors of thy soul and let the sun- shine in. We cannot become wise in a day, but we can resolve to do so in a single hour; and, if we heroically carry out the re- solve, we shall from that time forth grow in wisdom, gradually jiassing from little- ness into greatness. We cannnot, in a single day, form a perfectly beautifid character; but we can resolve to do so in a single moment, and we shall instantly begin to leave off' hab- its of evil, habits that deform, habits that degrade; and start in the growth of all that is morally good and intellectually great — we shall begin the formation of a character worthy the admiration of an- gels and men. Who climbs Mt. Hamilton begins at the base; but with every step upward the horizon enlarges and beautifies. The summit attained, there lies before him, as fcir as the eye can see a panorama of mingled beauty aud grandeur. There, too, will be placed the telescope, through whose philosophic glasses the very heav- ens seem nearer. The road to knowledge leads upward. With every step the intellectual horizon expands. And as we ascend higher aud higher, the enlarged prospect becomes the source of continual enjoyment. True culture does not consist alone in extending the range of thought, or in strengthening the powers of the intellect. The educator should remember that man is a moral and social, as well as an intel- lectual being. The duties of life should be studied; and, even though they be disagreeable ones, the mind should be educated up to the cheerful acceptance and heroic performance of them. What though the mind be able to grapple with the most difBcult questions of philosoijhy — what though the imagin- ation can soar to empyrean hights — if the moral nature be not developed, if the love of truth and justice and right be not educated into a sentiment, the man with all his learning is only a degradation. The scion from the root of the tree that has been only cut down grows often with more vigor than the parent tree it- self. The evil tree of human slavery should be taken up by the roots aud burued in the fire. The spirit of slavery is not dead. It has raised its foot indeed from the necks of the black race in order to place it the more securely on all races. See those immense monopolies that tax the resources of the whole people in order that the few may become million- aires! See the corrupt rings that con- trol legislatures and administrations, state and national, for the purpose of swindling the people and gathering to themselves wealth aud power! See all over this land the hateful spirit of aris- tocracy spurning honest industry and honoring only idleness and luxury ! Think you that slavery is quite dead? Think you that this upas tree has been taken up by tVe roots? hail about us; but in the face of the mul- titude shouting "yes!" how few of lis have the courage to say No ! even iu a whisper, though our convictions be ever so strong! In the long struggle against slavery, it was not that the world had to be con- vinced that slavery is wrong. This all know by instinct. It was that the moral courage required to be educated up to the standard of accepting a title which an ignorant prejudice had rendered odious. We are all cowards— moral cowards. We dare not openly avow our convic- tions. We can face the cannon's mouth — we can stand with unquivering nerve where the death-shots are flying thick as Man, iu all his faculties and powers, is hereditary. We are the children, not of our fathers and mothers only, but of our ancestors for a thousand generations back; and the parents, not of our child- ren only, but of their descendants for endless ages to come. Our tendencies to virtue or vice, to strength or weakness, to health or dis- ease, are transmitted ; and it is not our- selves alone whom we elevate by our virtues or degrade by our vices. The forces go on, often to be greatly exagger- ated as they descend. The desires of the parent may ripen into action in the child. The aspirations for a better life, which, at times, even the bad man feels, may be an inspiration of positive virtue in his children, or his children's children. The parsimony of the parent which only covets the proper- ty of another, developed into a ruling passion iu the child or grandchild, may take without asking consent of the law. Thus God visits the iniquities of the parents on the children, not to the third and fourth generation only, but to the tenth or twentieth. The evil medita- tions of a man may send his grandson to the gallows. It is early day, and yonder lies a fel- low whose couch for the night has been the bare ground. Between comfort and appetite he chose the latter, and gave the price of a bed for last night's carousals. Well, what else? Pity him? Soldo. Give? So I would, were it wise, or just, or beneficial. •' The dollar in my pocket has cost me toil, and I have a right to whatever of comfort it will buy. IJut, if I am not a niggard, or a villain downright, there is a real pleasure in relieving want. The quality of mercy is twice bless'd. It biesseth him that gives aud him that takes. But if the gift is only a curse to him that takes, there is no mercy iu the gift nor blessing in the giving. A dollar to him will only purchase another night's carousal. Go your way, besotted man, and hunger into soberness. Poor lellow! He trespasses and suf- fers the penalties. The way of ihe trans- gressor is hard. It is not pride of character, but the want of it, that withholds au apology for an insult given or an atonement for au injury done. He who really values his character will hasten to remove even the slightest stain. We sometimes hear of persons too proud to apologize. We should rather say, too weak, or too vaiu. The really noble person cannot rest quiet on his pillow with the consciousness of an uuatoucd wrc>ng against another. 'I'he gifted Crittenden did many things to en- clear himself to the American people; but nothing which places his character in a nobler light than his rising in the Senate and, with tears in his eyes, apologizing to Mr. Seward for undeserved words spoken in debate. All capital is the product of labor. Should not the creator of wealth have, himself, enough of it for the needs of California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. life? It seems just that he should. It is hard that the woman who makes your clothes should herself and her children go in rags; and not just that the pro- ceeds of her labor should make a million- aire of one who only passes her work through his hands to the purchaser. The remedy is in the hands of the la- borer himself. Co-operation is the key to the wealth of the earth. Justly and wisely used, it will give to the laborer the profits of his own earnings and sup- ply, in abundance, the comforts of life to every one who will give his labor to ob- tain them. San Jose Institute, July, 1876. EACH HAS A WORK OF HIS OWN TO DO. Ed. Agricultukist: I have read con- siderable in your paper from the pen of "Rachel A. Ely." I have no fault to lind with most of her "Up-Country Let- ters"— I feel rather like encouraging her in her solicitude for our health — many things she sa3's are really good and praiseworth, but I want to criticise, good-naturedly, a few of her remarks. In the first place, I am surprised at the production of such letters by an invalid. If she is, or has been, the sick woman she claims to be, her writings seem to me to almost refute some of her arguments. The physical weakness, according to her showing, would be inconsistent with the mental strength her "Up-Country Let- ters" exhibit. Am I right? Or are the conclusions she draws from her premises wrong, and the result of a debilitated physical system working a corresponding feebleness of mind? "Rachel" has a gooddeal to say about ministers and Christians. They will bear criticising, truly. But if she has not heard "the good pastor" urge the necessity of obeying God's physical laws, as she tells us in a late letter, she cer- tainly cannot have listened to many pul- pit discourses. I have frequently heard very able and earnest exhortations from ministers to their congregations on this subject. And it is right. It is as sinful to violate a physical law as a moral law. Nay, I am not so sure that we can break a physical law without violating a moral jirecept in the same act, or its conse- quences. But if the preacher does not directly, and continually, combine the physical with tjie moral obedience, it should be remembered that he has enough to do, in looking after the sjiirit- ual interests of his people, to occupy all his time and ability. It does not do for one man to be everything. ,. Letter No. 5 wonders why they "don't take up the good tidings of obedience to God's physical laws with the moral and spiritual combined." Why, bless you, they do; but they do not advocate obe- dience to the physical laws to the extent that would amount to the abandonment of their higher and more specific work. And for this we should quarrel with them. My eye does not complain of my ear because it does not do the seeing; and yet seeing is as important as hear- ing. Neither does my mouth find fault with my eyes because it is left to do all the eating and speaking; yet eating is more necessary than seeing. You say each organ has its own work to do, the faithful performance of which relieves it from all further obligation. True. Just so the minister has a work of his own to do. Let him attend to the duties of his spiritual calling, and some one else look after our physical welfare. Either work will be enough to engage all the time and faculties of any one individual. Divide bis attention, and he will be inefficient in his performance of both duties. Let the eye see, the ear hear and the mouth eat and speak, and all work in harmon3', for a common end, and perfect service will be rendered and perfect results fol- low. We are social beings — all more or less dependent upon each other. We each have a work to do. The faithful per- formance, by each, of his particular du- ties constitutes our individual and com- mon happiness and well-being. Go on with your efibrts to enlighten the public mind on health topics. It's a commend- able mission, and I say Amen! to it. We need it. But let others carry on their part of the work of elevating, ennobling and haiipifying our race with like peace. Remember the truth of my subject — "Each has a work of his own to do." Yours, I>. F. P. REPLY TO "GIRLS' RIGHTS." In every family there is abundant scope for both masbuline and feminine supremacy without their clashing with each other. It is only with the mascu- line, however, I have now to do, and I call jour own attention to the fact that when "masculine supremacy" is duly observed in its legitimate sp'nere, you have there found always the most happi- ness. Such is the result of my own ob- sei-vation. Where is the wife who does not love her husband the more for being able to confide and trust in him, to lean upon, and look up to him in all cases of emergency? If I have read nature right, this is an inherent quality of the femin- ine mind. Look at the eft'ects of setting aside this supremacy in the Gewcloit case. Did it not generate contempt and finally worse, hatred, even to bringing about divorce? On the other hand, you cannot but have observed the good re- sults of that decisive negative to the wife's request for a better house, a new buggy and improved stj-le of living alto- gether. This would have brought debt, and probal-ily mortgage. The good hus- band, S., took this request most kindly, and kissing his wife relied, "No, darling, we must wait a while, and see what an- other crop or two will do for us." You may find other cases exactly parallel to this, all resulting from adhering to, or setting aside this criticised sentiment, "masculine supremacy." As for the home institution, be it ob- served it is a farm with its appurten- ances that the wife comes to, and not a millinery institution. "So far as I un- derstand it," it is to the husband's home the wife comes — when he is so fortunate as to have one — and "he only is compe- tent to judge" whether they shall live at the rate of five thousand a year or one thousand. May "Girls' Rights" have opportunity of trying it, and say yes or no, as her good judgment dictates. GliANnPA. UP-COUNTRY LETTERS— NO. 7- BY KACHEL A, ELY. Oh! the beauty and holiness of nature! Her laws, how divine and perfect! the obeying of which brings continual joy and blessings. It is disobedience to them which brings suflfering, ruin and premat\ire death. Surely her laws must be God's laws, and to know and follow them the divine light given us. whether moral or physical laws. Are not both equally sacred in His sight? Can the mind be as strong and active when the body is weak and sickly, I wonder? I will think it over. And another query is, why don't our clergy and teachers combine the teaching of physical laws with the moral and spiritual. My experience goes to prove that as I gain in strength (which I am doing daily) I grow mentally, morally and spiritually stronger. My blood and brain seems tingling with the love of God's beauties, and a desire to help the poor, weak creatures who are sufiVring to arouse themselves and study His laws and obey them, rather than to put them- selves into the hands of an >I. D., and attempt to get well in spite of broken laws and wi'ong doing. Ah, well! the world moves slowly, and it takes years to make a perfect tree even, so I fold my hands and sit and dream of a future that I shall never see, perhaps, but a future that must surely come to this planet of ours. When will we do riijht from the love of it, not through fear or because it is the best policy? When will we rightly un- derstand the laws goveriug our health, so that we will not only keep well, but bear healthy children — an inheritance few give their offspring? I have returned to my quiet, serene cpiarters once more — a sister of the sick woman's husband having come fifty miles or more to remain until the slowly returning strength be fully established. Like most Western women, she is ready to do anything that appeals to her com- mon sense, even though the ideas be now and somewhat radical, so my hostess finds little difficulty in having her orders entirely carried out. And as recovery seems certain, though slow, the husband begins to think a little in his quiet mo- ments, asking questions, and has sub- scribed for a health journal. The doctor who gave up the case still drops in, rubs his fat hands, and is glad to sec Aia- pa- tient gaining! My hostess is a puzzle to me continu- ally— seemingly so quiet, and yet living her life so truly — making all circum- stances conform to her ideas of right, so that one is led to think it is easy sO to live. But she and her husband both say they have had their years of trials, and now, having determined on a certain di- rect course, which they know to be right and best for their children and them- selves, all is plain sailing — only they must row their boat alone, single-handed, and be oftentimes misrepresented and abused by the world and neighbors even. But we all have our burdens, and theirs is small compared with many other.s. I take a walk daily among the wild flowers and waving grass and forest trees, and feel refreshed by the sun, in- stead of weaker, as at first. We women do not get enough of the sunshine on our bodies, my good friend says, and I begin to believe its truth. Xt first I felt utterly wilted by its heat and power, but continuing daily to take ray noonday nap beneath its glow, I found myself receiv- ing renewed vigor and spirits. The hum of the insects and singing of the birds lull me to a calm repose, such as has not been enjoyed for years before. Try it, O ye invalids! and see its magic! Make two calico wraps and go to the moun- tains; leave finery and society and civil- ization behind yon. Return to simple habits, plenty of coarse bread, fruit, vegetables, eggs, butter, milk and spring water to drink and to bathe in, sunlight to walk and to sleep in, and mountain air to breath. With no worry of mind, return to childhood again and see if you do not begin to feel red blood throbbing through your veins and filling your heart with future resolves of right doing, and withall a deep pity for all the sick and weary ones who daily drag life's burden, with no hope but the grave as a release. .\cts are only thoughts matured. gou ;^ and (5ut The Child's Centennial BY iUKlAN DOUGLAS Aronnd the purple clover-flowers The butterflies were flitting; And on n ntone beside the road A iittle buy was sitting. The fragraul air liis yellow hair Aruiuid hiK face wuh blowing, And. down hiii pretty rosy cLeeke, The greut round tears were flowing. His orefcheb were of c<>art>e brown cloth; Hib frock waK made of tow; For little Ebcuezer lived A hundred ycarii ago. Along the road, upon a horse. Two men came, riding double; And one Kpoke out, "My pretty lad, Pray tell nio what'e the trouble." But, at hiH frl'-ndty words, the boy Began tu wib tho louder; "O, sir!" he Kaid, "luy father took His gun, and h"rn of powder. And rode away this verj* moru To help to tight tho foel" For there was war wilhiQ the land A hundred years ago. The foremost man drew in his rein (Uis horse was somewhat skittish). And BJiid, "My dear. I would not fear; We hojKj to Ix-at the British. And whin the Yankees win tho day, And s<_-ud the Kc-d-coats flying. And home uguin your father comes, Vou will not feel like crying; You'll be a happy fellow then." "Oh, that I shall. 1 knowl" Poor little Kbenezer said A hundred yeara ago. **But if ho should not come at all. And we should find, instead, elr, A sword cut ofl'his head, sir?" "Oh. even tht-n," the man ivpUed, "You'd pruudly tell his Btorj*, And bay, 'lie died for freedom's &ake. And for his country's glory.' And bravo mubt be the little son Whose father fights the foe; We need stout hearts." And so they did, A hnudred years ago. The man rode on, and home again Ilau little Elx-ntzer; "Now I must bhuru njy mother's care," He said, "and try to please her; And I must work In cvc-rj- way, — Itake hay. and fe«-d the cattle. And hoe the cum. bince father's gone To give the BriliPh battle." Oh! looking barkward, let us not Forget the thanks we owe To those good little boys who lived A huudretl years ago! **OUR CORNER." i' THE LETTER BAG. HY is it that there are no more letters this month? Aunt Polly hopes that her nephews and jiieces are not going to "throw off" and try to forget her. Cannot you make out the answers to the puzzles, etc.? How can Aunt Polly know who has sent (he best puzzle unless some are not guessed? If you don't send me the answer to such as you can find out how can I know which you cannot find out r Now, try again, and see if you eiinnot make out the puzzles given in June and July, and send me tho answers, or else say which arc the hardest. Now, write us something good and funny, for "Our Corner" must be jolly, you know. Daisy writes a nice letter. Here it is: iJeor Aunt Polli/: I thought I would tell you how I spent my Centennial Fourth of July. Papa decorated his camago so that it looked very pretty. He covered the top of it with a large American flag, festooned it, and then trimmed it with evergreens. I invited tliree Uttle girls ue.ar my age whose pa- pas do not keep horses. We took a nice lunch, and went uj) in the woods. 5Iy papa put up a swing, and then mamma spread the cloth in the shade of a beau- tiful live oak, and we gathered around it a merrj- little party. We had some fire- California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. crackers, and hiid a nice time making all tlie noise we wanted to. We were near a brciCik where we gathered some beauti- ful ferns. We saw one snake, but did not kill it. I hope all your little friends had as nice a time on the Fourth as I did. Here is a short puzzle: Jly first is in lend, but not in borrow; My second is in to-day, but not in to- morrow : My third is in Zillie, but not in Mollie; Jly fourth is in baby, but not in dollit; Jly whole is what little boys and girls never should be. D.4ISY G. Toiuniy Clark, of Livermore, has not forgotten us. Here is a letter and puzzle he has written : Dear Aunt Folbj: The answer to Jen- nie's puzzle is "Aunt Folly oilers premi- ums for the best puzzles; let us all try." I noticed that she did not use any figure two at all. I send an enigma: My 18, 23, 33 is light. My 31, 7, 2-1, 13 is to venture. My 23, IG, !), 8, 7, 27 is a beast. My 3, 32, 29 is an animal. My 4, 19, 29 is to permit. My 32, ly, 11, 1.5, 14, 31 is a preposition. Jly 12, 1, 29 is good to eat. My 14, 1.5, 18, 24, 21 is to hasten. My 2, 30, 29 is an adverb. My 14, 0, G, 25 is to whistle. My 5, 17, 20, 33 is a whirling pool. Mv 10, 2fl, 28 is turf. My 24, 22, 20 is a color. My whole is i-epresented Viy one of the letters of the ali)habet. Tommy C. Here is another letter from Livermore: Dmr Aioil I'uUi/: I received my chro- nios, I thank y by auy other known region on earth for its climatic aid in such diseases. VVitliout Medicines, Dr. Bourne eCfects cures in cases considered hopeless under other modes of treatment; his method being peculiar to himself, and the result of an experience as a Water-Cure Physician during more than a third of a century. It is 1)1*. Boiime''s effort to mnke quick cures i» all cnses* and ho always de- signs to bo, and is, eminently successful; but upon no condition will he accept a patient who entertains the absurd opiniou that "sick people must not eat." ^^ Cures in Dyspepsia Guaranteed . The best of food, and plenty of it, will bo pro- vided. A limited number of patients will be received who may be willing to pass a few weeks iu re- tirement and iirimitive simidicity. Address, DR. CEO. M. BOURNE, Tail. , Ciil. JOSEFK WOOIiT, 3Iaiiul*ii('turer of TriisseH, Snspt'iider.s, Artiliriiil Liiiil>s, e(r., No. 300 FIRST STRKKT, SAN JOSE. „- .„^rH> Are yuu Ruptured ? Come to me and ^^^~^^^^^S\ g(-t a TrusK that will lit you, ^^^^^ Radical Cures are effected with Ij my Trusses. B^ The NationaKiold Medal was awHrdrd to Bradely .St llulofsuu for the best Photographs in ihe United States, and the Vienna medal for tho best in tho world. ■I'id Mautgomcry street, San FrauclBco. nmm umm m im ....'>¥ .. SASr JOSE. Paid np Capital (gold coin) $.',00, 000 Ai- tliorized Capital $1, 000, 000 .Jolin W. Hinds. President; E. C. SinKletary. Vice-Pre&ideut; W. D. Tiedale, Caslaier and Sec- retary: L. G. Nesmith, Assistant Cashier. Directors;— C. Burrel, Wm. D. Tisdale, E. L. Bradley. C. G.Harrison, E.G. Singletary.Wm. L. Tisdale, John W. Hinds, W. H. Wing, T. B, Edwards, Correspotidents;- Anglo-Califomian Bank (limited), San Francisco; First National Gold Bank. H. F.; First National Bank, New York: Anglo-Californiau Bank (limited) London. WrLL .itLLOW INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, buy and sell Exchange, make collections, loan money, and transact a General Banking Business. Special inducements offered to mer- chants, mechanics, and all classes for commer- cial accounts. S. W. Cor. First and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. S^N^ JOSE SAVIi^CS BANK, 280 Santa Clara Street. CAPITAl. STOCK Paid in Capital (Gold Coin) ¥000, 000 8300,000 OHlcers I— President. John H. Moore; Vice- President, Cary Peebles; Cashier, H. H. Bej-nolds ; H. L. Cutter, Secretary. Directors : — John H. Moore, Dr. B. Bryant, S. A. Bishop. Dr. W. H. Stone, Cary Peebles, S. A. Clark, H. Messing. NEW FEATURE! This Bank issues " Deposit Receipts." bearing interest at (i. Band 10 percent per annum; inter- est payable promptly at the end of six months from date of deposit. The " Receipt" may be transferred by indorsement and the principle with interest paid to holder. Interest also al- lowed on Book Accounts, beginning at date of deposit. Our vaults are large and strong as any in the State, and specially adapted for the safe keeping of Bonds, Stocks, Papers, Jewelry, Silverware, Cash Boxes, etc., at trifling cost. Draw Exchange on San Francisco and New York, in Gold or Currency, at reasonable rates. Buy and sell Legal Tender Notes and transact a Gen- eral Banking Business. FARMERS' UNION. (Successors to A.. Phistek & Co.) Cor. Second and Santa Clara Sts., SAN JOSE. $100,000. President, Mauat;cr CAPITAL WILLIAM ERKSON H. E. HILLS DIRECTORS: Wm. Erkson, J. P. Dudley. L. F. Chipraan, David Campbell. Horace Little, James Singleton, C. T. Settle, E. A. Braley. Thomas E. Snell. IBT -Will do a General Mercantile Business. Also, receive deposits, on which such interest will be allowed as may be agreed upon, and make loans on approved security. mmmm Spanish k' OIXTY ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD O Tboroughlircd Spanish Merino Kains, for sale. Al»i>, about IIHI KwcB and Lambs, nil Oaliforuli bred, from stock imported from Vermont, mid as good as tlieni is ou this Con»t. Prices to suit the times. jc B. F. WATKINS, Santa Clara, Cal. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. Save $50! Why Pay $85? Sewing Machines REDUCED PRICE, S35. FAR MS! FARMS! SALK. Hume Oome Shuttle Sewing Machines J^educcd iff Live and Ld JArc Pri&s. 1 C^A. Acres, Seven Miles Went of City XWd^ of Sau JoBo, mostly vnlley, very cheap. Fair House, at $«, 500 . /I A Acres, Two iiikI a. Flalf Miles WeHl, ^\J rich valli-y hiiul, at »N0 prr acir. ^A Acres, on tike Alinadeii Road, Six QU miles out, HouKf, Barn, etc.; n pretty plaro for $5,000. THESE MACHINES ARE ALL SUPERIOR to any ami all; uice sewers, straight needle, twn threads, shuttle, lock-stitc-h, the simplest and cheapest, and the lightest running; first-clat s machines in the market. To see is to convince yom-selves. (fc?" Remember, nil Home and Home Shuttle Sewing Macliines have the Hall Treadle attached without extra charge. THE HALL TREADLE For Sewings Machines, THE MOST IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENT EVER MADE. It saves labor and preserved health. No mort; diseases and deaths, side or back aches from us- ing sewing machines. No teaching retiuired. A child can run it. Always starts the right way. Never goes backwards and breaks things. Can be stopped instantly. M'ith it oa your machine, you can do double the work yo>i can do witliout it. Fifty stitches can be made with one pressure of one foot. Approved by i-he Massachusetts State Roard of Health (see ofhcial report. 1872), Massachusetts Medical Society, and Mssachu- setts Charitiil'Ie Mechanics' Assuciatiou. The HALLTKEADLE is a part of all HOME MA- CHINES sold by nie. fa^ The Hall Treadle can be attached to any other sewing machine. Remember this. We will attach it onto any machine. It will cost you only $V2, and will save you a deal of hard work and trouble. THE HALT. TREADLK GRINDING MACHINE Must be seen to be appreciated. For a Farmer or Mechanic to see it, is to buy one. It is an in- dispensable article in every house, shop or hotel. ftftO Acres, Near Ciiinal»nr Hotel, on ' ^falw Almaden Road, six and u half miles out; ^ ' a Big Bargain for $1^,000: has a Fine Orovo I I of Timber, House, Barn. Wind-mill, Vineyard, ' I etc. ; all valley laud but GO acres. Terms— One- I half cash; balance in three years at 8 per cent. per annum. I 1O77-100 Acres-Cherry^V^ale, ri', niilcH 1 XO from San Jose, in the Willows. The best 1 I Cherry Orchard in California. I'JIJU cherry trees. | ■ (iOO Piome, and variety of Peach, Pear, .-Vpricot, <. etc. Also. 2(JTO Grape Vines four years old. Two | Wells with 7-inch pumps. Horse-power, Steam i Engine tor lifting water. :viOO feet Under-groEud Water Pipe for irrigating. Plain House. Orch- | ard fenced, andshctercd with Lombardy Poplars. , Very complete pla miles from San Jose, one mile from Depot: all valley land; House, two Barns, large Dairy House, Granary, Wind-mill, Tank, three acres of Excellent Orch- ard, is a first-class place, at $90 per acre, part "jAIMCZSS A. CZiAVTON', je Real Estate Agent, 2'.t0 Santa Clara St. THE HALL TREADLE JIG SAW AND BORING MACHINE Is an accomplishment in every workshop. The Hall Treadle is applicable to all machinery re- quiring a foot power— Sewing Machines. Grind- stones, Jig Saws, Turning Lathes, Jewelers' and Dentists' Lathes, etc. Send for circulars. OUR MACHINIST. In connection with my regular business, I have a tine MACHINE SHOP, fur repairing all kiids of machines and like work, and have employed MR. CHARLES C. REDMOND, a SkillfiU Me- chanic, as niitnager, and am now prepared to re- pair machines and machinery, make models, etc., ou the most readouable terms, and ALL WORK GUARANTEED. B. J. SALISBX7KV, :J2:( S;inta Clara Street, San Jose. Sole Agent for Santa Clara County. DID you know it is Spring in August, When verdant hills are brown? It may not be spring in the country. But it's always Spring in town! Fur T. W. SPRING is selling Clothing for whole families at such Low Rates that litrd times are made easy to the purchaser. Doutbe so verdant as to go without clothes because others ask high prices, but go to T. W. Spring's, invest and be happy. THE SINGER SEWING MACHINE ROOMS. Over 146,000 more Singer Sewing Mat-bines sold in 1875 than by any other company. 334 Santa Clara Street, San Jose. A. C, PEItKINS, Aj-'t furSalita Cliira Co. Th.e Coodenoue:b. COMMON-SEN'SK SY'STKM HOESESHOEIITG SHOP! Cor. Santa Clara and San Pedro Streets (opposite Post Office) . The only Natural Method of Shoeing the Horse to prevent Corns, Quarters Cracks, Contrac- tion of the Hoof, and. all Lameness Eesultiny from Unsound Feet. Hoi-se-Shoeing S'^- JOKir FADLEY, Proprietor JAS. LAMB, Practical Shoer. I |L| A I I ^^ ^wltbtbc (Juliforuia Farm- 11^ ^^ U ■% b>»'><' Mutual Fire Insur- an>''- Ashioriiitiou I'rincilial Offit-e. 3S Califor nia i^treet, Sun Francisco. Cnpital, $'200,000. .J. IJ. Blanehar, President; Fred. K. Itule, Sec- retary. S. A. MOUI^TON, AKen<, 'i^}?> First Ktreet San .Jose. L. F. CHIPMAN. Kolieitor. EMPEY ^ LEOAUD, Manufacturers and Dealers in 1776 CBXrTZSZa'Xa'IA£ 1876 I P H O C LAM A T I O N. I Chicago & Northwestern Railway. ! Is thf jiopular route ovt-rland to the Kai^t, PaHsrngers for Chicago, Niagara Falls, Pitts- burg, Philadelphia. Montreal, Quebec. New York Boston, or any point East, should buy their i trans-iontinentul tifkc-tn via tlie pioneer routr, THE CHICAGO ^NORTHWESTERN R.R. This is til.- Ilest rout<- Kast. Its Track is of Steel KhIIh, and on it has been niad<- the Fastest time that has ever been made in this t-ountry. By this route passengers for p THKIirGH TRAINS DAILY. WITH I'ALACE O Drawing P.o.nu and Sihx-r Palace Sleeping Cars through to New York. By tho Michiean Central, Grand Tninh. Great Western aoi Erie and How Tori: Central Eailways: Q Through trains, with Pullman Palace Draw- O ing Room anf fine Angorn Goats also, fine Cotswold graded bucks for sale. ]V,f RS. ROBERT B1.ACOW, Centervill. , 31 near NlUs Station, Alameda County, Cal.— Pure-blooded French Merino Rama and Ewes lor sale. SWINE. Kj Cmmty, Cal. shire Swine. -Breeder of Pure-bred Berk- AGBEEABLY SITUATED ON THE FOOT- liills ill tho WABII HEI,T, nine miles from Sau Jose, near Loh (latos, 2.^ acres in Cultiva- tion, (ir> acres of Pasture and Live-Oak Grove, 80 acres of Chaparral and Woodland; twoSprinKS on tho place. POULTRY. Dwellin<; House, Ban), Orchniil, Giir- (len. Well, 'i Guuil Horses, Oiif CoH, 4 yenl-s old, Out- Fttriii Wujfoii. One Siiriii^ Wagon, Vi Tons of Hwy, 5 Head of Dairy Slock, .".O Ciiiikena, (ioi>d Farmlnjf Implements. House Furniture, Lot of Tools, ^iic , Title, IT. S. Patent. , Price, S3,500— Part Cush, easy terms f jr the Remainder. Address, LOS GATOS P. O., or apply on the Promises to the Proprietor. G. GIERINOT. MRS. I* J. WATKIKS, SanU Clam— Premium Fowls. White and Brown Leg- horn. S. S. Hambiu-g.L. Brahmas, B.I). Red Game, Game Bantams, and Aylesbury Ducks. Also, IE. M.\TTESON, Stockton, Csl., Im- j , porter. Breeder and Shipper of Pure bre ho will get us 40 ITew Su"bscriptions CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURIST AT $l.50 EACH. For ouly 4U New Subscribers, which you can ^'ct in your district iu a short time, we will "ive the Hall Treadle JIG SAW AND BOHING MACHINE, PRICE, S45. The Hall Treadle Jij; Saw, for bracket aud pattern work, and all light scroll sawing, has no equal in the market. As the lower and upper arm are alike, and the saw fastened in a spring head, and with a roller in the table back of the saw, we are able to get a steady upright, motion that leaves the work smooth, so that it requires no further finish. The saw head is so arranged that any fine saw is easily adjusted, aud requires no particular make uf saws. The lioring at- tachment has all the ail,iu6tmcnts usual in a boring machine. This saw works with ease; a lady i-an run it with a little practice, in the same manner that she can run a sewing machine. An iuv«.i'i.°'"l'''"''. Bet. 1st aud 2d No. 320 Santa Clara St. San Jose. C. E. CAMPBELL, Manufacturer of ^"'"' ^'■''^''• Pumps, AVell Pipe and Galvanized Iron Hydraulic Eimt, Pumps witli Iinju'ovrd Valves. "/"•"'">' *■*"'' Lcid scd Irci Fipe, Till, Copper, Zinc and Sheet- Bfj.j jj^j Iron Wares, Galvanized Iron Hose Wire, t'hiniiiej s, Till Roolinjir, Plumb- Firmer! BoUersi KINC'S COMBINAIION SPECTACLES aud Preserve X^'::::^' T^ST the Sight. «=?" 500 Pairs ill Vse in San .lose. 4 Perfect Fit Guaranteed. For sale by SMITH & RYDER, Jewelers, :I07 FIRST street. Commercial Bank HuildiuK. E^CELSE MOLE comy FIELD t*l- KENDALL, 'Successors to Field, f'ombs ,(: GreKoiy) >HXUF.\OrullEIlS OF Head Stones, Monuments. ■■I'll] all Kinds ol' Cmetery Work in .Marble and Granite. '■J77 SECOND ST. San Jose. ingf, etc. No. 339 First Street, opposite El Do- rado St, J. S. CARTER, GRAIN DEALER, '•i■^J First Street. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE P.\ID FOR Wheat, Barley and Other Grains. House Fiirnisliing Wires. JOHN BALBACH, BLACKSMITH, Pioneer Blacksmith and Carriage Shop. Balbnch's fiew Brick, cor. Sec- ond .St. and Fuuiitaiii Allev S.\N .lOSE. Agent for Fisll Bro.'s Wagons. New 'R'ork and repairing of .Agricultural Implemcuts, etc, ■West's American Tire-Sellei'. RHODES & LEWIS APOTHECARIES, .\o. :ir,rt First Sdeel, s.\N .;osE v^' :-5S:l 11 ( *T^' ' CAMPAIGN OPENED' WHO WILL BE PRESIDENT Is a bubj ■.tj'jf »iiinrettt;m Jiueal to politlciaus, but to the Industrial Community, and to Us especially, Who Will Subscribe for tlie CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURIST? DON'T &ET EXCITED. BUT VOTE YOUR PRINCIPLES, If,y.n. l,av» «ny, and, ab„ve all, be eure to provide Good. Practical and W bolesome readins for the coming year, by subscribing for the California AirricuKuriHt . — — "^^ • , 5000 STEW WAZMXES WANTBD- Three Months on Trial for Ten Cents. Please send for it. and /examine on its own merits before riskiiit; SI. ,50 for a year. Adilrt f b. CAL. AGRICULTUEIST PUB. CO SAN JOSE. riuilex on page 142. J n ^ ^^^\-z^^^^'^J^^^ ^^=B= "^'^ 1 — -jt^- — \=^ — 'i^ — — — — ^ =^.-_ R IBERt California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. A. WA L DTEUFEL, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN Books, Stationery, Sheet Music and Musical Instruments, SOLE AGENT FOR PIAUOS jrADE BY STEIN WAY & SO ITS, Xew York. Uranich. c& Bach., New York. J^COB ZECH, San FraiK-isco. C. ROENISCH, Dresclf II. ERNST KAPS, Dresden. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. AGKNT, FOK THE ORGAITS MADE BY km Waters I Sons, Neiv York. BUEDETT OEGAN CO., Wholesale and Retail. Tay Stock is Complete in Every Particular, and the Instruments for which I am Agent are the BEST IN THE VTORLD. fS^ VHy Terms are SXost Iiiberal. Orders per Bttail will be promptly attended to, and Best Discounts given to Colleges, Schools and Teachers. Corner of First and Fountain Streets, San Jose. /^ , VV ALDTEUFELa M IM&i iiih. JAMES S. SMITH, — Wo. 109 Stockton Street, San Francisco General Agent on the Pacific Coast for the UNRIVALLED GUILD PIANOS. Also Agent for the QRE^T JUBILEE ORO^N^S. &' Reasonable Prices---Cash, or Easy Installments. =&1 She it Music aiiil Musii-il Jlcrchandise. THE LAMB Is the Oulv Machine that can Knit SAN FRAN< ISCO BRANCH NATIONAL WmiuANTEIlN mm OF NEW YORK. Mrs. M. E. Elliott Will ^rauufacture tlie TEUEMAIT&WOODIIOW UNDERTAKERS, 408 First Street, San Jose. E^ VERYTHING IN THE LINE FUKNISHED pronn)tly, and on the Most ReaBonablu Tc-rms. We are also prepared to furuish two of tne finest HEAKSKS on the Coast, including a Beautiful, GLOSS WUITE CHILD'S HEARSE. PiTfiouB in need of anything in our line will find it to their interest to rail on us. TURKMAN & WOODROW, Jus Fii-st t^treet, San Jose, Cal. TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS. ALL SIZES OF WOEK, HOWARD & MORSE, rUKKllH Ol'- NAEnow AND WIDEN IT ; Brass, CoppeF, SbU Im Wire Clolli Shape and Complete Without Haud-FiuiKliing, ScaiuIr8N HoNlcry. GloveH niiil MiltoiiK, "1- knit lliciii m M BiziB; or Iinit Itiblied, Double and Fau.y stit.hcs (or Huilerwear, Jai-lietB, sliawle. etc. It kuits over 25 diflereiit Kiiiils of Kal-mentB. Over ll») per eeut. in mauufaiturinn liiiit Boorts, SeiKl for illustrated eircular. Addi-eSH, S. S. PFISTEE & CO., 1'20 Sutter Street;(Huom ;i'.'). Snn Fraiieis.u. SPE'JIAI.IIKS: Bi-asH uiifl Steel UiiUci-y Screens, I^o- eoniotive Wire ciutli, anil ilejivy i>liiiiii<; — 406 Market Street. RATES OF ADVERTISBNC: Per one Column §12 00 Per Month " half Column GOO " " fourth Column 3 00 " *' " ei-hth Column 2 00 *' " " sixteenth Column 1 00 " " IKT" We are determined to adhere to our reRolu- tion to admit none but worthy buHiness advertis- ing in our columnB, and to keep clear of patent medicine, liquor, and other advertisements of doubtful influence. The large circulation, the dcBirable class of readers, and the neat and convenient form, rend- ers this Journa[ a choice medium for reaching the attention of the maBses. Notice to Eastern Advertisers and Advertising Agencies. K?" Hereafter no proposition for advertiBing in this journal will be entertained without pay in advance. Our published rates are the stand- ard for all.] EDITORIAL NOTES. Remember the poor publisher and printer wlien you realize on your crops. The premiums we offer are chosen liy experienced artists, and are not cheap- jolin importations. Our arrangements cannot be excelled by any for getting nor for giving first-claes, cboice premiums to subscribers. The first rains generally catch a lot of wheat belonging to some farmer Slack out of doors nnsbeltered. It probably would if it did't commence until Cbristnias. The pru- dent man will not be caught out in the wet in any such way. Poisoning Squirrels.— This is a good season to poison siiuirrels. They are raven- ously fond of melons and fruit. Strychnine put into these and placed within their reach will slay tbem most completely. First bait them vvitli melons or fruit not poisoned. Alter their shyness is allayed give it to them good and strong, and you will be gratilied with success. Be sure that domestic animals arc securely fenced away from tlie poison. Dry sowing does well enough in soil which has never been plowed when too wet, to that it lays in clods. The soil should crum- ble nicely, or lay till it can be pulverized when moist. Very weedy land should be al- lowed to lay till the weeds start, then be plowed under before sowing. Dry sowed land should bo rolled as soon as the rains soak the surface to crush all clods, then luir- rowcd with a slanlingtooth harrow to loosen llio surface before the grain gets six inches high. Capital vs. Enterprise.— We often hear the remark that capital and capitalists are ueeded to build up business and make times lively. There never was a greater mis- take, so far as the general prosperity is con- cerned. Wherever capital controls, a few get rich perhaps, but it is at the expense of the masses. There must be deprivation and poverty among the laboring people where wealth commands labor through high interest and low wagi^s. The more the common peo- jile depend upon accumulated capital, and are controlled by it, the greater will be the rates of interest and the lower and more uncertain the labor, both as to wages, opportunity to work, and fptality of service. Go into a com- munity where there are no rich men who live upon other's earnings, where everyone is de ]ieDding upon labor and enterprise for success, and all are striving in a nearly equal race to get on iu the world, and there you will find a I'lace rapidly building up, wages good, work plenty, and all soits of business nourishing. Money will be plenty, because not hoarded. When men count the interest on their money they are penurious, exacting, hard, and any- thing else but enterprising, as a rule. They are not the tradesman's best customers, nor the business man's supporters and friends. They are drones, eating the best honey, pro- ducing none. Their money is drawing the life blood of labor; they are rich, and every- body else is poor from paying tribute to their wealth. In our condition of civilization, we need capital, that is, money, of course. But we do not need any number of rich persons to control all the money and ride industry to death. He who is the most independent of capitalists, pays no interests, works for him- self, and commands his own wages, is best oil', everything else being equal. Good prices for wheat and ready sales for cash woidd make good times in Cal- ifornia. The present low prices and dull sales make everything terribly hard. The merch- ant and mechanic experience the effects of the low prices even more than the farmers themselves ; for it is itpon the money the far- mer puts into circulation that they chiefly de- pend We are told by dealers in San Jose that for years there has been nothing like the scarcity of circulating coin as at present. It is not upon capitalists that they depend for trade but upon the working people, who buy when they have money to buy with. Every merchant aitd storekeeper, and every me- chanic and business man should join with the farmer in word and action to break up the wheat ring that is bearing down the wheat market. The condition of crops in Europe and America this year should justify at least $■2 per cental for wheat in California, and we think not less thau $2.25, and active demand. The wheat ring that will either rule or ruin, and ruin if it rules, keeps the price to near, and below, $1..')0 per cental, and pays little cash down at tliat. The farmer is at their mercy, and everybody suffers. At least $10,- OtlO,OnO are kept out of circulation, and $('>,. 000,000 are actually swindled out of our pro ducers by the speculators. \\'hen our merchaiUs and mcc:hanic8 fully realize what THEY are losing in allowing this stupendous ring to conti'ol wheat matters, they will in every way encourage and asf^ist the farmers and Grangers iu breaking it up. The very life ot trade ef all kinds depends on the prosperity of producers. The money ob- tained by them is soon put into circulation, through merchants, mechanics and the labor- ing masses. The wheat ring on this coast must bo broken, or ruin will stare many a worthy business enterprise iu the face, and everyone will feel the general depression. Providing fuel for the year is now seasonable work. The rains will send you to the fields. Haul your wood, prepare it for the kitchen, and shelter it from the weather. This is a matter of economy that pays in more ways thau one. Use the Manure.— Now is the time to grther up all the manure about your yards and stables and haul it upon the land. Dump iu piles at convenient distances to be spread upon the soil as soon as the first rains. Or it may be spread at once and harrowed or chiseled in upon volunteer grain land. It is better to rot upon the soil one season in this way thau to be jtlowed in at ouce. Make plans and calculations about what fencing is needed, and haul your posts, planks and pickets early. If yourwheat mar- ket lies in the same direction, "kill two birds with one stone" by bringing a load ou the re- turn trip. The best and cheapest farm fence in our valley is made of square, split redwood pickets, driven firmly in the ground. Two 4- inch boards are nailed upon them, one near the center, and the other near the top, making a handsome, strong and durable fence. have lately sent a full line ot their goods to Philadelphia to show at the Centennial, and propose establishing a house East for the wholesaling of their goods. Not only will they fan and manufacture into articles the Angora fleeces and skins, but they will work buckskins and such other v.aluable skins and furs as can be obtained on this Coast. The business, for Angora goods alone, is A most promising one, and one which is of great ben- efit to all breeders of the.se animals. As the production of mohair increases, there is prom- ise of a factory, or machinery in our woolen mills, to work this beautiful production into such cloths and fabrics as are iu demand all over the world. Don't neglect to stack your straw. It is a wicked waste to burn it or let it rot in the rains when there are so many bead of stock in the country that need it. If well st.acked it will last good a dozen years, and may eventually prove a bonanza iu some com- ing dry season. Save it. After building a stack and ridging it with a heavy scantling, rake the roof down very thoroughly, and re- rake until It will shed water perfectly. As a rule, our California farmers make no use of the manure that accumulates about the stables and yards. We know of a farmer near San Jose that counts himself a good farmer, who allows his neighbors— poor fellows — to haul the manure from his jilace onto their own, and is glad so easily to get lid of it I We are glad to be able to say that the men who use manure take the AOKICUL- TnRiST, while he who gives it away "can't afford to take so many papers — has no time to read." The Angora Robe and Glove Com- pany of San Jose are increasing their capital stock and making preparations to go still more extensively into the bdsiness. Their enter- prise, though new and in some directions ex- perimental, has proved a success financially and otherwise. Their goods are now sold in every county and in many principal stores in the State. Their harvest gloves, manufac- tured from goat skins, are pronounced by all just the thing, and something much needed. Their genuine black kids for ladies .and gen- tlemen are in demand faster than they can be made. Mr. Welch, the experienced dyer, made a good hit on coloring kid skins. The tanning prouess is also new and wonderful. During a late visit wu saw a lighted match touched to the tanning vat when an iiitlam- mable gas that is evolved i uring the process of tanning burst out from among the sub- merged skins at a furious rate. The skins tanned by this "fire jn'ocoss" are as soft and pliable with the grain on as the softest buck- skins are without a grain. The dyeing pro- cess used in coloring the glossy fleeces for robes, furs, etc., leaves the mohair as soft and silky as possible. Any color or shade, from a light beaver to a glossy black, is given the fleeces— to suit the various tastes. The fur gauntlets from line skins resemble the valua- ble furs of various animals. The Comiiany Capital and Labor.— There should be no conflict between capital and labor. There would be none were money shorne of its power to extort enormous rates of interest. Were money as much of a servant as labor is, there could be no antagonism. While money is king, and labor is its slave, there must and will be antagonism. Man's sense of justice and love of liberty must revolt against a con- dition that degrades him because he is poor and honest and works for a living. The na- tural remedy for this unnatural condition of the supremacy of wealth, is to make money .so plenty, and rates of interest so low, that everyone can command through honest labor what he needs, without supporting others in idleness. Should the people, through Govern, ment, issue in abundance a standard money, payable for all obligations, and protected from speculation by stringent laws, and allow individuals to draw it at low rates of interest, upon pledges of their real property, to an amount representing the same, money would soon become so plenty, at cheap inter est, that those who accumuhate money could not extort a living from others. It would place labor and enterprise where it ought to be, and promote honesty by encouraging in- dustry of every description. Idleness would not be enforced for want of employment, nor labor poorly paid for want of palronage and from inability to meet payments of taxes, in- terests and rents on the part of employers Capital and labor would have no occasion to be at war. An bouorable peace would be est^iblished. The rich man and the poor man could be friends without either making con- cessions to the other. A BETTER FINANCIAL NEEDED. SYSTEM fiflTD. Cal. Agkiccltukist: I have re- 1^ ceived several numbers of your jjilx, jurual. Inclosed please find a ^K postal order, and eontiuue the jour- S]^ nal as long as that will pay. I am taking several (eleven) papers and jour- nals, and have asked several persons to take the Aokicdltdeist. I notice an occasional article on fin- ance, reconuiieuding the Amcricau .sys- tem, that is, jiaper money that will pay all debts, duos, duties, taxes, etc., and that the (loveriimcnt won't repudiate for customs, and which will always, there- fore be at par; also be iutcrconveNible into bonds drawing a small interest — at the s.amo time doing away with the Na- tional Banks. Of course, a few thous- and bankers and inoney-Ionders will howl, but millions of laboring people will rejoice and bo made happy. Jloro financial information should be circulat- ed among the labcn-iiig classes. Even farmers stand more in need of financial than of agricultural information. I'ltaluma, August, I87G. F. V. California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal ]hU^. '\ Tom's Come Kome, BY T. J. TROWBRIDGE. j, ITHJits heavily rocking, swinging load, The stage coach rolls up the mountain road. The mowers lean on their scythes and say, "HuUol -what brings Big George this way?" The children climb the slats, and wait To see him drive past the door-yard gate; When, four in hand, nedate and grand. He brings the old craft like a ship to land, At the window, mild giimdmotherly eyes Beam from the glasses with quaint surprise, Grow wide with wonder, and guess, and doubt; Then a quick, halt-stifled voice shrieks out, "Tom! Tom's come homel" The face at the casement disappears, To shine at the door, all joy and tears, As a traveler, dusty and bearded and brown, Over the wheel steps lightly down. "Well, mother!" "My sou!" And to his breast A forward-tottering form is pressed Sbe lies there, and cries there; now at arras- length Admires hie manly size and strength (While be winks hard one misty eye) ; Then calls to the youngsters staring nigh, "Quick! go for your gran'therl run, boys, run! Tell him your uncle— tell him bis son— Our Tom's come homel" The Btnge coach waits; but little cares she What faces pleasantly smile to see Her jostled glasses and tumbled cap. Big George's hand the trunk unstrap And bear it in; while two light-heeled Young Mercuries fly to the mowing field. And shriek and beckon, aud meet half-way The old cran'tber, lame and gaunt and gray. Coat on arm, half in alarm. Striding over the stony farm. The good news clears his cloudy face, And he ci;ie6, as ho quickens his anxious pace, "Tom ? Tom come home ?" With twitching cheek and quivering lid (A soft heart under the hard lines hid). And "Tom. how d'e do?" in a husky voice, He grasps with rough, strong baud the boy's^ A boy's no more. "I shouldn't have known That beard." While Tom's fine baritone Eolls out from his deep chest cheerily, "You're hale as ever, I'm glad to see." la the low back porch the mother stands. And rubs her glasses with trembling hands. And, smiling with eyes that bleer aud blink, Chimes in, "I never!" and "Only thinki Our Tom's come home!" With question and joke and anecdote, He brushes Uis bat, they dust his coat, While all the household gathers near— Ta,nned urchins, eager to see and hear, And.large-eyed, daikeyed, shy young mother. Widow of Tom's unlucky brother, Who turned out ill. and was drowned at the mill The stiickea old people mourn bim still, And theTiope of their lives in him undone: But grief for the dissolute, ruined sou— Their best-beloved and oldest boy- Is all forgotten or turned to joy. Now Tom's come home. Yet Tom was never ilie favored child, Tbongh Tom was steady, and Will was wild; But often bis own and liis brother's share Of blows or blame he was forced to bear; Till at last he said, "Here is no room For both— I go!" Now he to whom Scant grace was shown hag proved the one Large-hearted, upright, trusty sim; And well may the old folks joy to find His brow so frank and his eye so kmd. No shadow of all the past allowed To trouble the present hour, or cloud His welcome home. His trunk unlocked, the lid be lifts, And lays out curious, costly gifts; For Tom has prospered since he went Into his long self-banishment. Each youngster's glee, as be hugs his sharo, The widow's surprise, the old folks' air Of affectionate pride in a sun so good. Thrill bim with generous gratitiide. And he thinks, "Am I that lonely lad Who went off friendless, poor and sad Tbat disiual day from my father's door?" And can it be true he is here once more, In his childhood's "home ? 'Tis bard to think of his brother dead, And a widow and orphans here in bis stead — Ho little seems changed since they were youngi The row of pegs where tlie hats were hung; The checkered chimney and hearth of bricks; The sober old clock with its lonesome tu-ks Aud shrill, loud chime for the flying time; The stairs the bare feet used to climb, Tnm chasing his wild bedfellow Will; And there is the small, low bedroom still. And the table ho had wj^en a little lad: Ah, Tom, does it make you sad or glad, This coming home? Tom's heart is moved. "Now don't mind mo; I am no stranger guest," cries he. "And, father, I say,"— with the old-time laugh — "Don't kill for me any fatted calf! But go now and show me the sheep and swino .\nd the cattle- where is that colt of mine? — .\nd the tarm and croijs- is harvewt over ? I'd like a chance at the oats and cloverl I can mow, you'll find, and cradle aud bind, IjOad bay, stow away, pitch, rake behind; Fur I know a scythe from a well-sweep yet. In an hour I'll make you quite forget That I've been from home." He plucked from its peg an old farm hat. And with cordial chat upon this and that, Tom walks with his father about the place. There's a pensive grace in bis line young face As they loiter under the orchard trees. As he breathes oiu'o more tlio mountain breeze. And looks from the hill-side far away, Over pasture and faUow and tield of liay, To the hazy peaks of the azure range. Which change torover. yet never change. The wild sweet winds his welcome blow; Even old Monadnock seems to know That Tom's come home. The old man stammers and speaks at last; "You notice your mother is failng fast. Though she can't see it. Poor Will's disgrace And debts, aud the mortgage on the place; His sudden death— 'twas a dreadful blow; She couldn't bear up like a man, you know. She's talked of you since the trouble came; Some things in the past she seems to blame Herself for; what, it is hard to tell. I marvel how she keeps round so well, For often all night she lies awake. I'm thankful, if only for her sake, That you've come home." Th?y visit the field: Tom mows with the men; And now they come round to the porch again. The mother draws Tom aside; let8_.6ink Her voice to a whisper, and, what do you think? "You see," says she, "be is broken quite. Sometimes he tosses and groans all night. And— Tom, it is hard, it is hard indeed! The mortgage, and so many mouths to feed! But tell him he must not worry so, And work so hard, for he don't know That he hasn't the strength of a younger man. Counsel him, comfort him, all you can, While you're at home." Tom's heart is full: he moves away. And ponders what ho will do and say. And now at evening all are met. The tea is drawn, the table set; But when the old man, with bended head, In reverent, fervent tones has said The opening phrase of his simple grace. He falters, the tears come down his face, For the words aeem cold, and the sense of the old Set form is too weak his joy to hold; And broken accents best express The upheaved heart's deep thankfulness, Now Tom's come home. The supper done. Tom has his say: "I heai'd of some matters first to-day; And I call it a shame— you're both to blame- That a son who has only to sign his name, To lift the mortgage and clear the score, Should never have had that chance before. From this time forth you are free from care; Your troubles I share; your burdens I bear. So promise to quit bard work, aud say That you'll give yourself a holiday. Now, father! now, mother! you can't refuse; For what's a eon for, and what's the use Of his coming home?" And so there is cheer in the house to-night. It can hardly hold so much delight. Tom wanders forth aoross the lot, And under the stars (though Tom is not So pious as boys sumetiuies have been) Thanks Heaven, that turned his thoughts from sin, And blessed him and brought him home once more. And now he knocks at a cottage door. For one who has waited many a year In hope that thiilling" sound to hear. Who, happy as other htarts may be. Knows well there is none so ghul as she That Tom's come home. —[Harper's Magazine for September. 1^1 Slow and Sure. Upon tho oiL'hard r:iin must fall. Ami S'lak friirn every bramh to root; And bloHSonis bloom aud fall withal Befurc tbu truit is fruit. The farmer needs must sow and till, And wait the whi-aten bread. Then cradle, thresh, and go to mill. Before the broad is bread. Swift heel may pet the early shout. But, spite of all the din, It is the piitieut holding out That maltes the winner win. To a Grasshopper. Tiny, pea-prcen harlequin I What of wonder can descrllw All your odd. gymuastic tribe, To the kangaroo akin ? Unless Darwin Roes amiss, With his queer hypothesis, ChirpinK ehimer, clover climber, Insect atlilelel never stumbling. In your ground and lofty tumbling. StrauKe it is a thlug so frat^ile. Should be so extremely agile. Go it, then, spasmodic leaper! Seize your pleasure while you may; Blow your horn and have your day; When the primrose days are over, Aiul all dead are vines and clover, TIkiI austere, remorseless reaper. Time, will turn us all to hay I When October, Ijiko a varlet, nobs the woodland's summer driss: Aud the majjle. blushing scarlet. As the rutllau winds disrobe her, Bhriuks in timorous distress: When no longer leans the lily By the mill-pond's mossy edge, And an inlluenco damp and chilly Blasts tho rose aud dalfodilly. And the vines along the ledge — When the cricket Leaves the thicket To creep under kitchen rugs; Then, O montebank of bugs. Unique acrobatic vaulter. Your frail powers will fail and falter; And some cliill, autumnal morning. Lying, dying. Without warning. You will ttnd it useless trying Leaping, creeping, singing. Hying: With some early robin waiting. Cool and calm, and aggravating. Like some grim and hungry wizard, Obviously deliberating Wheu to pop you in his gizzard. Farewell bniterflies and clover. Death is fate the wide world over. — [Golden Uulo. A Hundred Vears Ago. IJY NATHAN D. UBNEn. While aIn:ost every day, just now. Some great event we celebrate, Tbat surged ai>out the quivering prow Of freedom's infant ship of state — Thruugh lire and smoke aud glad huzzas, Thrnugh cannon's crash and bonfires glow, A vision springs of men and things A hundred years ago. They had not then the railroad speed. The lightning interchange of thought. Nor half tho meed, nor h;ilf the greed. That with the present age have wrought; But news was news, though slower sped. No headlong haste they cared to go. And ruder hands fed men's demands, • A hundred years ago. No might}' cities reared their spires. No proud, palatial homes were theirs. They had not then our grand desires. Our railway stocks aud steamer shares; But they had'thrilty towns and homes. Had hearths with health aud faith aglow. And earnest toil brought goodly spoil A hundred years ago. Our ago cau theirs with ease surpass For air and steam, and other powers; They lacked the gas aud glass and brass That mark this rapid ago of ours; But they had eyes as keen and bright. And faculties as rare. I know. And wholesome rests, and manly breasts, A hundred years ago. And if they gave us not the rim, 'I'he dash and polish we have gained; If life with them was liull and dim. Of humbler hopes and tastes restrained. The mighty land which is our pride. Our nation's birth, to them we owo Who lived aud thought and wrought and (ought A hundred years ago. Now. while our glad centennial fires '1 hrough all our country blaze afar, God bless our strong, heroic sires Who molded us to what we arc! Nor Shall their glory Iw forgot Wiiile pa riot blood shall course and flow As filled the veins and flred the brains A hundred years ago. A MOTHER told her seven-year old boy, never to p>it otV till to-morrow anything he oould do to day. The bttle urchin replied, "then, mother, let's eat the rest of the plum pudding to night. SEASONABLE RECIPES. Original, or Such an Have Been ProTfd GooU by Trial. EFFECT OF LIGHT ON CA>1!ED TO- ^f). MATOEB. ^[■.T will he interesting to every house- jl- keeper to know that tomatoes will 31' not keep if put up in glass jars, •^ since the exposure to light causes *t2 them to ferment, but if sealed neatly in bright tin cans will keep perfectly sweet. Yeast is effected by light in the same manner. Anyone troubled with having bread turn sour should be careful to keep their yeast in a stone jug. If in glass, it should be placed in a dark clos- et. HOUBEKKEPKB. [Would it not be just as well to put tomatoes in glass and irrap each jar in paper so that the light cannot get to the fruit? .Unless the tin is neu;, the acid from the tomatoes •will be likely to cor- rode the metul and poison the tomatoes. We prefer glass for all kinds of tart fruits. Tin should not be used the sec- ond time, if used at all, is -^hat our good wife says,— Ed.] FRICASSEED TOMATOES. Place the tomatoes in a stone jar, and pnt it into a steamer. Wheu they are tender, beat them to a pulp and put into a stew-pan with a little onion (which has been minced and stewed in butter until it is tender), a seasoning of pepper and salt, and some chopped parsley; simmer the mixture for a few minutes, and serve it very hot. It is good either alone or served in the dish with chops, or other meat, sausages or fish of any kind. To- matoes and sausages are capital. Fry the sausages and arrange them in the dish in front of the fire. Cut the toma- toes into slices with some onion thinly sliced; fry them, season them with pep- per and salt, place them among the saus- ages, aud serve them hot. In the same manner they are excellent with anything warmed a second time — chicken, rabbit, game or poultry, cold meat in slices, or fish of any kind. TOIIATO SACCE. To four quarts of bruised tomatoes add half a pound of salt, and allow to stand for three days, then express the juice. To each half-gallon on juice add 4 oz, of shallots, and U oz. black pepper; boil for an liour; strain and add mace, all- spice, ginger, nntmeg, of each % oz., coriander (and, if desired to impart col- or, cochineal) of each % oz. Simmer gently for half an hour, strain, and, when cold, bottle it. TOilATO PIES. Take ripe tomatoes, peel and slice. Sprinkle over a little salt, and let them stand a few minutes; pour ofif the juice, and add sugar, half a cup of cream, one e^g, nutmeg, and cover with a rich paste, and bake in a moderate oven over half an hour. This makes an excellent and much approved pie. DRYING CORN. Corn, when at its best for eating, will shrink little when boiled, and when cold will shell easily with the hand. Boil fif- teen minutes; cool, or ne.irly cool it; shell it from the cob; mingle a large quantity of fine salt, the moisture from the corn will dissolve it; place in a shal- tow pan; the salt extracts the water from Ihe com, it shrinks, and a short time in the sun finishes it. Hang it in paper ba<^. When used, wash off the salt, and California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. let it stand on a hot stove over night, ohauge the water and heat again. The corn is as sweet as if fresh from the field. Lovers of sweet corn, try it; you will never buy the slop they call "canned corn." miKD APPLES. Take nice, smooth tart apples, wipe clean and slice across the core. To one dozen apples use two tablespoonfuls of lard or suet. Pour over a cup of water when in the frying pan, cover tight and let them simmer over a moderate fire till done. Try with a fork, but do not stir them. Sprinkle over two t.iblespoonfuls of sugar, and serve without breaking the slices. This makes a neat and palatable dish. PICKLED ONIONS. Choose small button onions, as nearly the same size as possible, peel them and pour on strong, boiling hot brine; drain them from the brine; wijie them dry and put them into cold vinegar, with whole pepper, bruised giuger root, blades of mace and sliced horse-radish. Keep them covered with vinegar, close the jar tightly, and set in a cool, dry place. PICKLED APPLES. Three pounds of sugar, seven pounds of apples quartered and cored, one iiint of vinegar. Steam the apples till a fork will go through them readily. Then make a syrup of the sugar .ind vinegar and pour over them while hot. Stick a clove or two into each quarter. Very nice. PICKLED PALMETTO EOOTS. Florida is to give the world a new con- diment in the shape of pickles made from the pith or bed of the palmetto roots, which are said to be superior to cucum- bers for the purpose. TO PILL FETJIT .lAKS. To prevent breaking glass jars when putting hot water or fruit into them set your jar on a wet towel or napkin folded several thicknesses together. This is very simple, easy to remember and to do, and will insure glass from cracking. LABELS ON TIN CANS. A spoonful of sugar in a pint of paste will make labels adhere to tin as well as to wood. HOUSEHOLD PESTS. COCKROACHES. A lady inquires: "What is the best thing to drive away cockroaches? I am living in San Francisco, and my pantry is infested with them. I have tried al- most everything I can hear of, but with only temporary success." Borax is the best cockroach extermin- ator yet discovered. This troublesome insect has a peculiar aversion to it, .and will never return where it has once been scattered. As the salt is perfectly harm- less to hum.an beings, it is much to be preferred for this purpose to the poison- ous substances commonly used. Another recipe: Take dry red lead; mix with thin molasses to a consistency of thin cream ; then take pieces of glass and broken plates, etc., spread it on aViout as thick as thin window glass. Where roaches are very numerous, give them plenty of the mixture, as they eat very greedily of it. I think the general failure with roai'h poison is this: The poison is so quick in sickening the roaches tliat they will not eat enough of it to kill them, for they are slow eaters. The red lead being slow in its effect on them, they will gel a good quantity into them before it will sicken them, 1 have notice when any of them would happen to be trampled upon, it would appear that they wore entirely filled with the red lead. Place the lead where the roaches can get at it most conveniently. If the lead should become too dry and hard, mix a little more lead and molasses with the old to freshen it up again, and put it in diflferent places. BED ANTS. Correspondents of the American Grocer having inquired what to do to rid jirem- ises of red ant#, that paper called upon its readers for their methods. Several of them r_'plied, a majority naming cam- phor gum as the best thing to use. Place in a thin muslin bag and hang up .about the places infested. One has used suc- cessfully a cord saturated with spirits of camphor. Another has used elder leaves scattered about the shelves and boxes with good success. OTHEE INSECTS AND ESTEEMINATOES. Mercury exterminiites fleas and bugs. Cleanliness is the best preventive. The common housefly more than compensates for its trouble by clearing the atmos- phere of eiiluvia and the animalcules which always arise from the putrefaction of decaying substances during warm weather. Twenty-five cents' worth of eob.alt — a mineral poison in black powder — will last to kill the flies .about a house for a whole year. Put a spoonful into a saucer or soup-plate and keep the dish half full of water sweetened with sugar. Set where the flies will get at it. Birds capture a large share of the in- sects in the larva state, and thus the millers are prevented from depositing their eggs for future worms. As to the loss of fruit by the birds, the latter are always sure to be on hand in force in the season of ripe fruit, whether they come early to take the worms or not. I'or insects that infest the vegetable garden, the labor.atory of the chemist furnishes materials fatal to them all, among which white hellebore and cay- enne pepper are of the most utility. The bug or worm that cannot find vegetation unflavored with these articles will seek its breixkfast elsewhere and leave such a garden unmolested. A few drops of carbolic acid in a pint of water will clean house plants of lice in a very short time. If mosquitos or other blood-sucker in- fest sleeping rooms at night, uncork a bottle of pennyroyal, ami these insects will leave in great haste, nor will they return so long as the air in the room is loaded with the fumes of that aromatic herb. Common coal oil is an excellent mos- quito bar. Drop a little on a piece of cotton, squeeze as dry as possible, and rub over the exposed portions of the body. The smell of the oil disai>pears in about five minutes, and no mosquito will alight upon the anointed places. This is said to be better than pennyroyal for the same purpose. If r.ats enter the cellar, a little pow- dei'ed potash thrown into their holes, or mixed with meal and scattered in their runways, never fails to drive them oft'. A correspondent of the Gardener's Monthly says the simplest ijlau to use kerosene to destroy insects is to make a moderately strong soap suds and mix with it a little oil. It readily combines with suds and can be applied with a sy- ringe. It is the bestj thing for mealy bugs, and may be used in dilution suited to the nature of the plant requiring treat- ment. EDUCATION AND LABOR. «/#D. Ageicultdeist: The "Ground- 2^ swell" complains that the "higher j|i_ system of education has tended to {pK bring labor into contempt." If J^ the statement were not terribly true, I should resent it .as an insult to educators. But is not that system only nominally "higher," but really /ou-cr, which tends to bring any duty into dis- repute'.' What is a teacher but a labor- er, and if he does his whole duty, a hard laborer? At a time when manual labor is strug- gling against oppressive monopolies and the degrading sentiment of aristocracy, it is the especial duty of the teacher to stand by the right, and to inspire in the minds of his pupils a love of true repub- licanism— true democracy — to teach that Honor and pbame from no condition ripe; Act well jour part— there all the honor lies. No; it is not higher, but lower — the very lowest — education that tends to bring labor into contempt. The teacher whose influence tends thus to poison the minds of his pupils, is ignorant of the simplest principles of life and its duties, and should at once give place to one of more honest ideas. . A TE.icHEE. (E^ We have received from M. L. H. Hare, local agent, samples of prcjiara- tiouB of Ventura Rock Soap, which we have tried and can cheerfully recom- mend. We consider it without an equal. Plain Talk to Faemeks. — The farmer must depend upon two classes of help — his family and hired hands. These two classes differ, or at least they ought to difl'er, widely in their feelings in per- forming their work. The hired laborer serves for money alone, and though he is under moral obligation to perform faithful or honest work, whether he will do it when the eye of the master is not upon him, depends ujion his moral dis- position and development. But with regard to the co-operation of a man's fiimily — his wife and children- -in earn- ing a comi^etence for all, the case is far ditt'erent, or ought to be. Tliis co-ope- ration ought to be inspired by love and common interest, and where this is not the fact, success cannot be attained, as a general rule. Where a man receives no cordial sympathy from his wife and chil- dren in making a sujiport for them he is crushed by a power that he cannot resist. Perhaps the keenest pang ever felt in this life, by a noble nature is the con- sciousness that there is no tie in the family — no sympathy with the husband and father in making a living — that wife and children are as boarders, or strang- ers, that they hold him as a slave, and are not even grateful for what they re- ceive. A man who sees this spirit in his family, and does not become morose or dissipated, is made of better material than most persons. When the reverse of this is the case, where a man receives from his children the powerful — we had almost said the omnipotent — sujiport of love and cordial co-operation, he is a demon of the pit if he withholds from them his best efl'orts'. The duties of the domestic institution of the several members of the family, need a more thorough exposition than the religious ethics of the day atTord. The disposition to shun work, to live without it in case and luxury, is one of the bad characteristics of tho time. Our system of education is not calculated to remove this evil. The religious teach- ing of the age is not a remedy for it. In fact, our system of schools, or the spirit which inspires them, and the general rc- Ugious influences of society, help aug- ment the spirit of idleness and extrava- gance. There is a certain dash or spirit of society which renders the cordial co- operation of the farmer's family impos- sible. A miin who has several boys who will not work steadily and heartily, has a bad chance to m.ake the farm pay. If the community but knew the amounts of many a farmer's bill for dry goods, gro- ceries, millinery, mantua-maker and jewelry, the secret of ill success would be apiJareut, yet the pritle of human na- ture wiU conceal these drawbacks, and only the thoughtful among men consider this source of ruin. The fact is perfectly well known to merchants, grocers and other business men. The extravagant purchase of goods of one kind and an- other, eat up the profits of the farm. Nor is this all — it discourages the far- mer, and casts a dark shadow over the business. The prevailing styles of living cost too much, and none but the very rich can indulge in them. A wife is not exempt from household duties and labor. A woman who feels herself to be exempt from domestic duties is not fitted to be the wife of any working man. Work is necessary to the support of a family. The wife and the mother who declines and shrinks from it, is false to her afi'ec- tions, false to her duties, false to the law of agricultural prosperity. The farmers' daughters should work in their depart- ment. They can raise poultry, do their own sewing, keep the house. Many of the farmers hire all the house help. Wife and daughters sleep till breakfast is ready. Great, big, ruddy sons lie abed till the sun is high in the heavens, and then go to town to spend the day in idle- ness. The children of many farmers in this country are idle. They are for the most part consumers, but not producers. The daughters of well-to-do farmers in these days are not so generally co-oper- ants in making the common living as they ought to be. Everywhere work is shirked. The popular idea of a lady or gentleman is to live in splendor with- out work. AVhy should a man not work? Can he give a good reason for living at all without work? Can a good reason be given to raise a girl without work — the work of her department? The son who will not work is unfit to live — he deserves not the privilege of life in the world. All over the country the idleness of farmers' children is a dis- grace. Farming does not pay because so many dead-heads hang upon the pur- suit. "The extravagance of the day is u shame. The rising generation are im- potent in regard to self-supporting. Th. young men of the country are incapable of thrift, because their early training li. in the principles of indolence, ^^■e si < the sad error of our farmers; they pay for hired help and let their boys go free. The whole subject of domestic economy is ignored. We are fighting against na- ture— against the Author of the world and the Giver of tho harvest. Is it not so? Farming will p.ay if it is managed well, but industry is the law of nature; and where a family is idle, nothing but ruin can be anticipated. We want a reason- able system, a sound philosophy, a wise domestic economy, a rigid system of la- bor for the family, sons, daughters, wife and husband, to work to a common cud — the welfare of the family. If wo speak plainly, it is because we feel the import ance of the subject. Human happint ^■ is involved in this question. — Live Slock Journal. ^ l^' It wouldn't take some persons very long to bury all their friends, but Truemau & W'oodrow, who conduct thr undertaker's business on First street, make everybody friends by gontlemanl\ fair dealing, and they surely deserve tli' contidenco and esteem of ever California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. M\nf aiul 6oatjj. Angora Coats and Mohair — Criti- cisms Answered. f& (Continued frontpage 12H. J <s; ewe, two years old, oy, ft)S. The above fleeces are worth $1 per pound net. From a flock of 1000 young goats, one and two years old. were sheared llUW pounds. "These were grades from 7-8ths to 31-32d!!, and the fleece will average worth 60 cents per pound. Mr. Bailey says that he can get as good results from 31-32ds and 63- 64ths as from pnre breeds.' " These few figures have more good square, convincing argument in them than all we and the editor of the Alia to- gether have said on the subject. The logic of results is irresistible. improved Breeds of Sheep. As the season of fairs is n good time to compare the difl'erent varieties of stock, we copy a portion of an essay read by Dr. L. E. Brown before the Kentucky California Agriculturist AND Live Stock Journal. K i Wool Growers' Association, in which [/ brief reference is made to the history iind value of the leading and most popu- lar breeds of sheep : First— The Merino is a breed origin- ally Spanish, but now generally existing over Kurope and the United States, and very extensively in Australia. Merino wool constitutes a great part of the wealth which flows into the new contin- ent from its exports. The Merino has large limbs, and the male has large spiral horns which do not rise above the head. The skin of the neck is loose and pendu- lous, the cheeks and forehead bearing wool. The fleece is fine, long, soft and twisted in silken spiral ringlets abound- ing in oil which, attracting dust, gives it a dingy appearance until scoured, after which it is silky and white. This variety fattens slowly and is valuable mainly for the excellence of its wool, but as a gen- eral thing, has not been found profitable in England or the United States, and is not reckoned by some as being strictly one of the long-wool sheep. Second—The Leicester sheep is re- garded in Europe as one of the most val- uable of the long- wools. This breed, in the present improved condition, is the result of the skill and care of Mr. Bake- well of England, who, soon after the middle of thela.st century, began to make experiments for the improveraent of the old Leicester sheep. It was then a lar^e coarse-boned sheep, not easily fattened' with coarse wool weighing about ten pounds to the fleece. The new Leices- ter, or present breed, has wool moder- ately long and of better quality, weighin" seven or eight pounds, and is easily made very fat. The color is white, and both sexes are hornless with bald face tinged ■mth blue, and low carriage. Other breeds of long-wools in England have been greatly improved by crossing with this— the Lincolnshire, Romuey Marsh, etc. In this country the Leicesters are large and coarse, but easily fattened and with good mutton, the wool moderately long, but stiff, and without gloss. Alto- gether this variety is not generatly held in great esteem. Third — The Lincolnshire is a large bony animal, takes longer to mature, has a long, flat, bony head quite bare of wool, with a good fleece, rather thin slightly kinky with some gloss. But all though the Lincolnshires have bee,. Southdowns derive their origin and name from the Chalkdowns of the south of Engl.and, but are not adapted to a cold climate. Fifth — The most important and valu- able of all breeds of sheep is the Cots- wold or Gloucester, the wool of which has been held in great esteem since the fourteenth century, and has generally commanded a higher price than any other. In UG4 Edward IV. of England, sent a present of Cotswold rams to Henry of Castile, and in 1-168 he sent a Siimilar present to John of Aragon. So the Cots- wolds reach back to a right honorable age and right royal patrons. But in modern times the Cotswolds have been greatly improved by cros.sing with the Leicester, producing a shorter wool and better mutton than in former times. The Cotswold of to-day has a long, straight body, well rounded ribs, flanking low down, good full twist, broad, flat back, full and low in brisket, a neat, stylish head, broad between the eyes, neatly tapering mouth, short legs, "with head, jaws and legs covered with wool, and al- together a pretty and stylish body, cov- ered with long, fine, wavy wool, "which is glossy and very valuable and in great demand. The face in this breed is some- times gray, but not generally so. They are more docile than any other breed, and take on flesh very kindly, making good mutton, but are not considered in this respect equal to the Southdowns. Yet, all things considered, the Cotswold is the best and most profitable breed for the wool growers of Kentucky, and we would earnestly advise them to continue to improve their flocks until they shall be as near thoroughbred as possible. It costs as little to raise and take care of a good animal as an iudifl'erent one, while the thoroughbred will yield a fleece of from twelve to twenty-five pounds, worth twice as much per pound as the fleece of a common sheep, which would weigh three or four jjounds. greatly improved in late years, their legs being shorter aud the wool more glossy yet the fleece not being equal in quantity or quality to that of some other breeds they have not met with general favor' and are rarely adopted by our wool grow- ers as a breed. Fourth— The Southdown is one of the most popular breeds both in Euroiie aud the Unite.l States, and have, by crossing produced what are called Hampshire- downs, Shropshiredowns, Oxforddowus and i)erhaps others, all larger and coars- er, but retaining the Southdown marks and (characteristics, all producing valua- ble wool aud making good mutton. But the Southdowns must bo regarded as at the head of all these, both for wool and table use, the crossing of this breed hav- lug added nothing to the originals in either quality. The Southdowns are ex- ceedingly neat in form, both in head and body, with gray face aud legs, forehead "I'd logs well covered with wool, the lleeco short, thick and soft, the (uiter Hurtacc often appearing as smooth as the iiicely ehpp,.d. The body is straight, vith well-sprung ribs, broad, level back w,oI -;!>■"';"'"•,"" ^^'^" 'hovered with luLl, ', "T'l"'""'^'' "t the head of all the breeds of sheep for superior table qualities, but docs not rank so hi-h for quantity and quality of wool. ° The AGRICULTIJKAL FAIES. I , • I gain the season ot annual fairs ^Wo approaches, and it seems a fit time M\, to discuss the subject. Farmers, M'cf after the season of hard work in '^cJ=' the harvest field, need some recre- ation, and generally attend the fairs, though they seldom have much to do iu tlie management of them. If they did have more to do with their conduct it would undoubtedly be better for all con- cerned; there would be more of the use- ful and less of the sportive element brought to the front. The design of the city managers is to bring together a crowd and get the people to spend the most money possible. The success of a fair is counted by the amount of money that can be collected from the crowd that attends the fairs. The economy of the matter consists in spending the least money possible to obtain the most re- turns. It is a sharp piece of flguring to so arrange the premiums and purses as to give satisfaction, or at lea.st, the least dissatisfaction, and draw the crowd to .spend money. Now, our notion may be old fogy in the opinion of a jocke'y sharji, but we think that if the farmers and industrial masses would tako the thing into their own hands, and make the fairs success- ful in developing the utmost good, and iusteadof trying to get people to spend money in demoralizing horserace gamb- ling, would <'iicouragethem in true c:con- omy, and in making efi'orts to improve in every industrial pursuit, it would be just as agreeable to visitors, and much more beneficial to the whole community. There is need enough of improvement and reform in fair management. We remember how fairs used to be conducted iu New England, in the farmers' own in- terests, and would like to see the good old times copied from, if they cannot be improved upon. We wish we had no occasion to grumble, and will copy from an English paper what it says about the cattle show season: The local cattle show, in its way, is an important institution, stimulating the breeders of the district to imi>rove their stock, each in gentle, rivalry trying to outvie his neighbor. It is at the cattle show, when his horse, cow, pig, or sheep stands alongside his brother-farmer's an- imals, that iie finds out the failings and virtues of his own stock, and then goes homewards with a determination to go on improving its type and general char- acter. Though, perhaps, beaten, he is not quite vanquished while he lives to fight another day. To the healthy influence of competi- tion at cattle shows, we must greatly at- tribute the present fine, improved char- acter of our flocks and herds. In the exhibited animals the breeder sees what points to avoid or to cultivate. If he determines on making a mark himself, he does not fail to procure the blood of some winning strains. He cannot well do it without. Other laborers, however, have been in the field, and he enters upon their harvest. It would be folly to attempt to perfect an old unpedigreed strain of Short-horns, whilst the work is already to hand in a far advanced stage, from which the breeder may at once take his starting point without loss of time It is this consideration which puts a somewhat fictitious value, apparently, on the strains of cattle, hor.ses, and sheep which have made special character and the power of transmitting their best qualities to their descendants. It is not the value of the individual animal as a food producer or as a breeder of ordin- ary stock for sale to the grazier or butch- er, but its potentiality for good for gen- erations to come that makes it a much coveted prize. The many years of skill and science also spent in developing the strain, the costly experience gained iu the face of many difficulties, all go to render highly-bred animals valuable. AVere it otherwise, fancy prices would be ridiculous. The cost of jiroducing stock is necessarily included in their market price — fellowing a common law of com- merce. Thus prices that sometimes ap- pear sensational are frequently but a nat- ural result of time aud treasure sunk in forming the special type, which, if brok- en, wfuild take a generation to repair. To all, and especially to the farmer, these exhibitions of stock and farm im- plements are educational. It is there- fore satisfactory to find them ever in- creasing in ijopularity. The influence they exert on modern agriculture must be great. They are deserving of evei'y support, and we trust the present show season will be as pleasant and successful as that of any previous year. ried on during late years, a herd of buff- aloes is a most unusual sight in places where, within the memory of those who are still young, myriads of them passed and repassed on their route to pastures new at various times of the year. Now, also, according to the ScienUJla Amaican, not only is the carcass itself utilized, but the bones form the source of a profitable business among the settlers in Kansas. The prairies, for forty miles each way from the railroad, have been gleaned over till not a relic of the chase can be found. Heads and ribs are worth $.5 a ton; these are shipped to Philadelphia and ground up into fertilizers. Shins and shoulder-blades are worth $10 a ton; these go to the sugar refineries. The horns are worth $30; the tips are sawn ofl' here, and sent to the factories of um- brellas, fans, pipes, etc. The remainder is used by the chemists. Bits of hide found hanging to the heads are taken off and sent to the glue factories. Every fragment of these animals is made to serve a purpose. — Zand and Water. Buffalo Bones. — A few years ago, none but tlio very tit-bits from the car- casses of these nionarchs of the Ameri- can plains were thought worthy of the hunter's notice, and after strijiping them of their skins, these huge masses of wholesome flesh were left on the prairies to rot in the sun or to bo devoured by the carnivorous beasts and birds that abound there. Now, however, owing to tlie wanton slaughter that has been car- AyiM.iL P.iRASiTEs. — At a recent meet- ing of the Stowmarket (England) Farm- ers' Club, a pai^er upon animal parasites was read, from which we extract the fol- lowing. Doubtless the greater part of our yearly losses of stock is caused by diseases which result from parasites, to say nothing of the danger of using the flesh of affected animals for food: In carnivorous animals the tapeworms possess rows of hooks in the head, as well as suckers. In herbivorous animals, such as oxen and sheep, they possess suckers only. With thie difference, which was simply an adaptation to dif- ferent conditions under which food passed into the alimentary canal, the life history of all tapeworms is similar. The head is in reality an animal, for it is pcssessed of suckers or hooks, and has begun to bud into one of the well-known joints. The budding process takes place next to the head, so that each joint is thus pushed a step further along to the intestine. This continues until the whole of the intestines might become completely charged with those joints. The joints are connected by a kind of canal down each side. The interior of each joint is filled with a large branch ovary. When the joints are detached, the skin decomposes and the ovary is thus liberated. A tapeworm has often been known to extend to sixty feet in length, especially among those of the ox, ami possessed more than 1,100 joints, and each one of these tapeworms devel- oped many millions of eggs it was not surprising that the eggs were found al- most everywhere, being blown about by the wind. In this dried up condition they posses an amazing vitality, remain- ing uninjured perhaps for years. Should a pig, an omnivorous feeder, partake of food in which some of these eggs were contained, they would be conveyed into its stomach, where they would be con- verted into larvie, and would after n short time bore their way through the pig's stomach and get into its muscles. There they would be (piiesccnt, and assume a condition liki' the crysalis; this condition is called encysted. Pork killed in this condition is said to be mcasled, and should it be cooked without the larv» being destroyed, and partaken of by mar the encysted larv.ai would then develop in man into the tajicworm. The tape- worm of dogs is of a very peculiar kind, and for a long time it was a matter of wonder how the creature got into the stomach of the dog. Now the secret is out. Sometimes when dogs afi'ectcd by these worms went near sheep, the .sheep also suffered from them. When in the ffomach ot the sheep they bored their w California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. waj' through until thoy finally got into the brain, where thoy became encysted, and iu this condition they caused the disease among sheep WfU known as the staggers. Man himself sometimes suf- fers from the encysted larva-, which pro- duces a disease called hydatids. Sheep were also atl'ected by another parasite be- longing to a difl'erent order from that of tapeworm, called flukes. These creat- ures possess a different internal organiz- ation, and attach themselves by means of suckers alone. Each worm was her- maphroditic and their presence produced the well known sheep rot. The eggs of the sheep fluke were blown about until they sometimes found their way into the water, where they swam about like mi- croscopic organisms, and even become parasitic upon fresh water moUusea. It is undoubtedly because of sheeii drinking the water in which the larv:e are present that they become aft'ected by them. Lambs and sheep are also affected, es- pecially the former, by round worms called mmatods, especially by one form called slongi/hs, and the disease which the presence of this form gives rise to is called boose or busk. It is generally to be met with in the bronchial tubes or throats of young lambs. It also gets into the interior of the heart or lungs, where it becomes encysted, and produces tubercular disease. When the netnakd forms become encysted in man they pro- duce a disease resembling rheumatic fever called trichinosis. When they are encysted iu some animals, as in pigs, they are called trichina:. In some in- stances these intestinal worms were not considered injurious; for instance, the Abyssinians never considered themselves healthy unless suffering from tapeworms. The dung of cows is frequently full of tape-like forms, although the cows do not seem to be suffering from any ail- ment. Some sheep are affected by para- sites, yet nevertheless they yield prime mutton. It would seem from what is already known of the life history of these parasites that the danger arises from their excessive development. of men, and tens of millions of dollars have a superior for the butter dairy any of invested capital. But instead, all of where in this country. The only pure bred Holsteins of which we have any knowledge iu this country are the get of those imported by a Jlr. Chenery, of Boston, Massachusetts, in 1801, and placed on a farm near that city. This importation was certified by official authority iu Holland as being pure. A four yt'ar old bull 2, Id.") pounds, height five feet. The cows im- ported averaged each 1,32.j pounds. Cue of the cows by test o£ six days' milk produced seventeen pounds fourteen ounces good butter. As a dairy breed, they equal any kuowu. For beef, though heavy, they have not been tested long enough to determine their relative merits with other breeds. Col. Wm. Cumback, of this State, we hear, is about to make a purchase of some Holsteiu cows, to give them a trial. Wo note this fact with i)leasure, as we should like to see them introduced into the West, and tested for dairy purposes. We hope to have a description of these new-comers when they arrive, as well as a report of their qualities.— /'"iiu"" i''ar- mer. Whistling Men ake Kind to Animals. An old farmer once said to us that he would not have a hired man on his farm who did not habitually whistle. He al- was hired whistlers. Said he never knew a whistling laborer to find fault with his food, his bed, or complain of any little extra work be was asked to per- form. Such a man was generally kind to children and to auimnls in his care. He would whistle a chilled lamb into warmth and life, and would bring iu his hat full of eggs from the barn without breaking one of them. He found such a man more careful about closing gates, putting up bars, and seeing that the nuts on his plow were all properly tightened before he took it into the field. He never knew a whistling hired man to kick or beat a cow, or drive her on arun into the stable. He had noticed that the sheep he fed in the yard and shed gathered around him as ho whistled, without fear. He never had employed a whistler who was not thoughtful and economical. Colorado Stock E.\ngks.— Strangers make a great mistake when they look over the plains and call them unprod\ic- tive and worthless, for what they think is barren is far from being so. If the pastures of the plains on which cattle are grown and made fat were represented by such meadows and cornfields as in the States are required for those cattle, the stranger would, like Linden, "see an- other sight," for they would stretch far and near and mile after mile in verdant green; and they would be the result of thousands and thousands of days' labor this comes free; it is a wide domain of grass, owned by the government, which is possessed and utilized without the in- vestment of a dollar or the expenditure of an hour's labor by man or beast, and it is presented uot only through the spring, summer and fall months, but also through all the winter months; iu fact there is not a day in the whole year in which cattle are uot feculiug on the the range. Teople in the States cannot understand this, for, as Burns says of the immortality of the soul, "it is almost too good news to be true." Still, such are the facts, and the amount of clear income to Colorado from this source is, to the whole people, greater than the in- come of any people in the States from the highest cultivation of the best soil. — Gredey (Col.) Tribune. Inteenational Live Sto(;k Exhibi- tion.— The live stock show will be made in serial order, commencing with horses, Sept. 1st to 1-lth; dogs, Sept. 4th to 8th; neat cattle, Sept. 21st to Oct. 4th; sheep anb swine, Oct. 10th to 18th; poultry, Oct. 27th to Nov. lith. No charge will be made as entry fee, nor for the use of stalls, which will be of first-class charac- ter in all respects. The stock yard is of sufficient area to allow the construction of 7U0 box stalls for horses, each fourteen feet square, these to be afterwards divided for cattle, by longitudinal partition^k into l.-lOO stalls, each 7x14, all of ample elevation and security. The stock yard will be thoroughly well watered, and lighted by gas, and under the constant charge of a company of Cen- tennial guards. Exhibitors, or their agents, will be required to assume the entire charge of horses, neat eattle.sheep and swine, and be alone responsible, al- though the Commission will do all in its power to provide for the comfort and safety of the animals. Hay and straw will be furnished by the Commission free of charge. Hoots and grain will be sold at actual cost. Each breed of well es- tabhshed character in the various fami- lies of live stock will constitute a distinct class, under which awards will be made as provided for in classifications. Holstein Cattle.— There is, perhaps, the least known about this breed of cat- tle of any in the country, and especially is this true of the West. The first we heard of them in this country were the importations by Dutch emigrants along the Hudson and its tributaries iu the early settlement of New York. English stock writers give us precious little con- cerning this breed. The fact that the Holstein breed is capable of transmitting with undeviating certaiuty, constitutional characteristics to their progeny, is proof that they were bred with great care, per- haps more than a century ago; for it is well established that it is only by fix«J. continuous, and systematic breeding for a great period that any breed obtains this power. As a breed they excell as milkers. In- variably they are black and white in color and are reckoned among the best dairy breeds. A Mr. Le Roy, of New York, imported in 1823, some of these cattle, and they were afterward taken by his son to the Genesee valley iuthat State. They were remarkable for the yield and rich- ness of their milk. But they in a few years crossed with the Shorthorns, by which the purity of the breed was lost. It was from this that the fine grades so much esteemed in parts of Orange county New York, sprang. There are at present in that section of the State, some of these Holstein grades, which scarcely Bkans can be used instead of corn for fattening cattle and sheep, and are so used iu England to a very great extent. Chemical analysis makes them equal to oil-cake in fattening properties, and they are better than corn for growing animals —having greater proportion of nitrogen- ous, or flesh-producing properties. Mor- ton's Cyclopedia gives the average pro- duct of an acre of good land, well tilled, at thirtv bushels, of (Iti pounds each— l,nSO pounds in all. In this there ars 460 pounds of nitrogenous, or flesh- forming substances; 1,108 pounds of heat (or fat) producing (970 pounds of this is starch), and 352 pounds water and mineral substances. Beans are al- ways fed iu the shape of meal, and are much used for horse feed as well as for cattle and sheep. To Detehmine the Weight of Live Stock.— Measure iu inches the girth around the breast, just behind the shoul- der-blade, and the length of the back from the tail to the fore part of the shoulder-blade. Multiply the length by the girth (in inches), and dividc-bj 141. If the girth is less than three feet, multi- ply the quotient by 1 1 ; if between three feet and five feet, multiply by 7; if be- tween five and seven feet, multiply by 23; if between seven and nine feet, multiply by 31. If the animal is lean deduct one- tweutieth from the result. Another rule is, take the girth and length in feet and multiplv the product by 330, and the re- sult will be the answer iu pounds. The live weight multiplied by 60.5 gives a near approximation to the weight. The Farmers Loaning Wheat, The wheat buyers of California are a clever set of fellows, and withal shrewd business men. VCe have heretofore shown up the combiuation that exists among theui, constituting one of the most formidable business rings iu the the State. Formidable, because posses- sed of immense cajiital to operate with, and controlled and managed by men of great experieucc iu the business, aud holding within its control all the machin- ery and mediums of correct aud latest market news. This ring or combination has practically held the monopoly of the wheat exporting business for this coast since wheat has become an article of ex- tensive production for export. It also, to a great extent, has the control of the carrying trade iu wheat from this coast to Euroi>o aud all other parts of the ■world. "With all this experience, and all this capital, and all these facilities, the ring can fix the price of wheat almost at will, and can regulate the profits of the farmers almost to a dot. It is true the farmers have at times made some efforts to get out from under the hand of this ring, but have always failed, and after each effort have found themselves more completely hedged in and bound down than before. As a natural consequence, at each successive failure of these efforts the grain buyers have become more con- scious of their strength, and have exer- cised their power with more boldness and audacity. The manner in which they are managing the wheat market this year is an evidence of their conscious strength, and of their disposition to use it to their own advantage. Possessed of unbounded means themselves, they have invented a plan by which they can do business without the use of these means. They are now operating on the capital oi the farmers— the wheat raisers of the country. They are loading ships with wheat and dispatching them for the Eu- ropean markets without having a dollar of their own money invested in that wheat, and by this same operation are completely destroying all demand for wheat for export at any price. And the strangest part of this transaction is, that they have got the farmers to become parties to and promoters of the whole scheme, notwithstanding it is aU done at their expense and to their great disad- vantage. The operation is this: The grain buyers, through their agencies, which are located in all the wheat grow- ing sections of the State, ascertain as nearly as may be the amount of wheat to be exported. They 'then get coutiol of the necessary shipping to carry this wheat to market. They then fix upon a price for wheat alongside the vessels, which, of course, is low as compared to the European market price. This price they cause to be quoted iu all the com- mercial papers of the Bay City, and the same is copied into all the local papers of the State. In connection with this quotation, however, they manage to have it stated in all cases that there is little or no demand. They then instruct their agents throughout the country to keep and represent wheat as dull and uot wanted at any price- that is, they are not wanting to buy. For the accomma- dation of farmers, however, who have not the means of storing all their wheat, they ^^■ill take all the wheat that may be offered- that is, they will borrow it of the fanners, and will agree that within a certain stipulated time they will, on de- mand, return an equal amount of wheat or will pay for the same the then market price, at the option of the loaner, the farmer. Thus the wheat buyers, all of whom are combined and interested in the operation, are managing to get pos- session of large quantities of wheat with- out the investment of a dollar of their own money, aud with it to fiU their ord- ers and supply the European demand, while the farmers in their ignorance and innocence work on and wait for wheat to rise so they may demand a return of their loaned wheat or its equivalent in gold. XuA so they may work and wait in vain, for what is there to produce a rise in wheat under the circumstances? The real demand for export has been supplied, and the ring of wheat buyers, with the money in their pockets, are masters of the situation. They don't Taut to buy wheat, and there are no other buyers. They already have the farmers' wheat, and the money for it, and of course wheat will remain dull and the prices rule low. The wheat ring will not be in any hurry to part with the California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. money they have obtained in this way, nor will they be anxious to put up the price of wheat, hut the time will come when the farmers will be under the ne- cessity of realizing something for their crop to pay expenses and debts, and just about that time wheat will be mysteri- ously very dull and low, and then the riugwiU profess to have plenty of wheat and will be anxious to return all they borrowed. As a compromise, however, and to get out of the scrape they have got into, they will give the farmers the money at present rates, and just to ac- commodate them, though they do this at a sacrifice. — Record- Union. Site ^m\). Song. BT OHAS. KINGSLEY. " 0 Mary, go and call the cattle home, And call the cattle home, And call the cattle home. Across the sands o' Dee!" The western wind was wild and dark with foam, And all alone went she. The creeping tide came up along the sand, And o'er and o'er the sand, And round and round the sand. As far as eye could see; The hlinding mist came down and hid the land; And never home came she. "Oh! is it weed, or fish, or floating hair — A tress of goldtn hair, Odrowned maiden's hair. Above the nets at sea? Was nevt-r salmon yet that shone so fair, Among the stakes on Dee." They rowed her in across the rolling foam, The cruel, crawling foam. The cruel, hungry loam. To her grave beside the sea; But still the boatmen he;ir her call the cattle Across the sands o' Dee. [home Plain Words About Milking. FRIEND of ours recently pur- chased a tub of butter for family use which turned out to be so tainted vnth the filth of the cow bam as to be entirely unfit for the table and could not be used for culinary purposes. This butter was of good color and texture, and was so well made as to have commanded the highest price in market had the flavor been perfect. A merchant recently showed us a few cheeses which he had purchased to sup- ply customers who desired something choice. The cheese was well made, very rich it fat, but it had a well-marked taste of the cow stable, and customers who had taken one piece wanted no more, as it was unfit for the table. These are by no means exceptional cases. Our atten- tion has been called to like cases over a wide extent of country in the dairy dis- tricts, and we are quite certain that large amounts of both butter and cheese are injured from this cause alone, and which would otherwise take the place of a first- class article. At the late meeting of the American Dairymen's Association, Mr. Robert McAdam, a well-known factorymuu and cheese expert, gave an account of the various kinds of filth which he had found in the factory strainer after receiv- ing milk from his patrons. And yet some people wonder why progress is so slow in imiiroving the flavor and charac- ter of our dairy products. At this time, when prices have depreciated and .are unsatisfactory, it behooves dairy men to make every ellurt possible for improving the flavor and quality of their goods. The responsibility must not be shifted wholly upon the manufacturer. In most cases it lies back of this, and rests with the dairyman in the management at the farm. The defect to which we have alluded comes from uncleanliness in milking; and especially is this the case during spring and fall, when the cows are more or less confined to the stable. Some dairymen, even if they do not themselves milk upon their hands and wet the teats of the cow before commencing to draw the milk, they allow those in their em- ploy to do BO, and the result is, more or less filth drops in the pail to taint its contents. It is a very nasty practice, and should be guarded against in the most rigid manner. If a cows bag is besmeared with dung and dirt, it should be washed with water and wiped with a cloth, and then the op- ration of milking should be done with dry bands. A jierson who has once adopted the practice of milking with dry hands finds the milk can be drawn quite as easily and rapidly as by constantly wetting the hands; while the latter prac- tice must always result in more or less filth falling into the milk to give it a taint of the stable and thus injure the jiroduct which is manufactured from it. This story of cleanliness has been very often urged iu connection with other ad- vice on the dairy; but it needs to be urged much oftener before it will be properly heeded. One great fault com- plained of in American cheese is its de- fective flavor, and there can be no doubt that if taints could be traced directly to the cause, they would often be found to come from the source we have named. If taints are so distinct and pronounced as to leave no doubt as to their origin iu stable filth, there cannot be much doubt but that there must be various gradations of this taint affecting the flavor of cheese according as the milkers have been more or less clean in their milking. This question was never more import- ant than now. The low price of dairy products requires more attention to the details of handling milk at the farm, higher skill in manufacturing and curing our dairy products, so that we may put a better article before consumers at home and abroad and thus make up the loss so far as possible caused by depreciation of jtvices.— Mural 2\ew Yorker. SonE Milk Cheese. — An apparently rich, meaty cheese was exhibited at the last meeting of the American Dairymen's Association, by J. M. Jocelyn, of Cattar- augus county, made of sour milk and buttermilk. Much inquiry has been made as to the process by which this cheese was made, and some blame has been thrown on Mr. Jocel3'n, for making a "full skim" cheese in such a manner that consumers might be led to suppose that they were eating full milk cheese. In answer, Mr. Jocelyn writes to the Utica JItriiltl as follows: I have formed a theory that the office of the fat of the cheese is no benefit to it as an article of food, except to keep it soft and meaty, and really the easeine is all that is valuable as food. Now, if a cheese can be made with still less grease and a corresponingly larger amount of easeine, the producer and consumer will be greatly benefited thereby, as nearly all the cream can be used for butter, and the cheese can be sold for a lower )n'ice, and be more valuable to the consumer than the cheese he now pays more money for, that is, full cream cheese. After various experiments I adopted this theo- ry and carried it into successful opera- tion. I set the milk long enough for the cream to so\ir before skimming, thus making more and better Ijutter; then churn and mixed this si}ur buttermilk with the sour skim milk, and the acid has destroyed the fibre iu the milk so it will make a tender cheese. Now, if I jiroceed in the old way I will have a mess of Dutch cheese; but instead, I heat up rapidly, and when at the proper temper- ature, I add alkalies sufficient to neutral- ize the acid and s.aponify the remaining grease iu the milk, so that I have a smooth curd, a clear, green whey, and as my curd goes into the hoops it is no more sour than one that is made from sweet milk. The secret of this cheese remaining so soft and being so durable, is owing to the saponification of the fat, it being thus evening distributed among the minutest particles of the cheese, and being saponified, it never can become rancid; and as I have said repeatedly, this is the most durable and wholesome, and, to my taste, the most delicious cheese that can be made. Pkofitable Cows. — It is far from eco- nomical to keep poor stock of any kind, poor cows especially. In a dairy herd, some cows will far more than pay for their cost of keeping, while others not only fall far short of this, but entail an actual loss from year to year, and this will often go on indefinitely because no accurate measure and weight of product is kept, and their relative value is not ascertained. In a cheese dairy, for in- stance some of the best cows will yield seven hundred jjounds of cheese a year, while others in the same herd will not yield over two hundred pounds. But in how many cases will this deficiency be found out aori remedied? In a butter dairy the loss from poor stock will often be even more marked. Some cows give milk which is rich in butter while that of others is very poor. Both milks are put together and the poor quality of one is not found out perhaps, for many mouths. The same food is given to one cow that is given to the other, and the cost is sbout the same, but if the real facts were known it would ajipear that all the profit came from the one cow, while the other was entailing a constant loss. We ought to be more careful in this respect and se- lect our stock with greater reference to quality. A careful examination iu this direction would discover some of the worst kind of leaks. Again, cows are often kept beyond their prime, when they are no longer very serviceable, and should have been culled out of the herd and sent to the butcher or got rid of in some other way. — 3Iass. Plowman. That's the Way. — " We knows the public is down on us," remarked ihe old milkman, as he dipped out the desired quart from one of his big cai^s, "but the pubhc is mistaken. In the first place we put in a little water — only a bit, to make up for shrinkage. It goes to the big dealers, and they ain't a bit keerful when they gits to pouring in water. They sells it to the grocers, and they put in chalk with one hand and water with the other, and they are thinking of politics, and get in too much. The servant girl goes after milk for the family, drinks a third of it, and she puts in water to make up the measure; and, you see, when the family gets it, the taste ain't there, the look ain't there, and they goes for us poor men who b.asn't a dishonest hair in our heads. That's the way, mister. Gee up there. Homer." In all my observation, the man who gives full feed with care, gets the best pay for what he does feed. I am fully satisfied half feed does not pay, and ir- regular feeding docs not jiay. If you want your cow to give a good nn>ss, and that steadily, give her sonu'thiiig to make it of. If you economize and cut down the cow's rations, she will as surely cut down your supply of milk. — Ex. A Cheap Milk House. — I will give the description of a cheap milk house — such as any one can have if they will. Graud- father's is of hewn logs; the foundation of stone, one foot below the ground sur- face and six inches above, laid i]i lime and sand. The building is ten by twelve feet, one story high, chinked, and after standing one or two years to settle, was plastered inside and out with lime and sand. The roof, of shingles, extends some four feet over the door; banked a few inches all round to keep dry. Ground floor of nice, clean gravel, got at the creek. A floor is laid overhead of jjlank, to assist in equalizing the temperature. The receptacle for crocks is a trough made of two-inch plank, water-tight reaching full length of the building from outside to outside. The water enters from a lead trough four feet long, at left of the door, and goes out at the other end; after running some fifteen feet, it enters a large trough, where the work horses and cows always slake their thirst in summer. The water at no time is more than four inches deep. It is needless to say that in the warmest weather in summer they have cool milk and good butter. — Cor. Cinn. Enijuirer. KcLEs FOE Milking. — The following rules are issued from a New York cheese factory for the use of its patrons, and are worthy of a wider dissemination: 1. Milch cows should have free access, at all times, to good running water. 2. They should never be heated, by being run, stoned or dogged. 3. The utmost cleanliness should be observen in milking, and by no means wet the hands in the milk while milking. 4. No can of milk should stand where it will absorb the barnyard or stable od- or, or any other scent. 5. The milk should be strained and well aired immediately after having been drawn from the cows. 6. Some arrangement for efl'ectually cooling is at all times very desirable, and when the milk is kept at home over night, is indispensable. 7. Scalding all vessels used about milk at least once a day with boiling water, and rinsing with cold water at night, is essential. Cheese Foisosing. — The Lewistou (111.) Union reports the poisoning of ten individuals, residents of Ipava.by cheese. None of them died, but three or four were saved with difliculty. The physi- cians, so the Union says, pronounced the misterious attacks "the milk disease," it being supposed that the cows from whose milk the cheese was made, were afflicted with that malady. [One prime cause of milk disease is the stagnant water that cows are often compelled to drink. In no one thing should dairymen be more particular than in providing an abundance of pure, clean, fresh water for their cows to drink. Stagnant water contains the germs of disease, and many malignant fevers and deaths, particularly of children, have been traced to the drinking of stagnant water, or water containing poisonous germs, bj- milch cows.] " Be Kind to Youe (^ow." — A farmer living just out of Yicksburg was reading iu an agricultural paper, the other day, an article headed "Be Kind to Your cow." He went out to milk with a heart full of kindness, and as be sat down ho whispered: "So, boss — stand around — good creature — hist a little — there, you intelligent and kind-hearti'd old bossy." .Vbout two minutes after that his wife heard him whooping and yelling, and as she ran to the door he called out: "Bring mo the ax, Maria, and the spade, and cyT^-i-i California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. that big chib there, and the bntcher-kuife and th'it shot-guu; for I'll be darned if this old hellion shall ever live to kick mo iu the jaws agin!" — Vir.ks'ntrr! Herald. & How to Breed Pigs. AGK OF PARENTS. \iTHER things being equal, those ob- tained from parents two to five years old are generally the largest and most vigorous and from siU'L I jjrefer to select for breeding. TIME or BIKTH. If the climate where bred will safely admit of it, pigs ought to bo dropped as early as March or April. By coming thus early, those destined for fattening, if continuously fed well, will be large enough for slaughter th<^ following De- cember or January, which is usually the best time for marketing. If born much later, it may be necessary to winter them over for another year, which lessens the profits of rearing considerably. Those reserved for kee ing up the stock, com- ing thus early, will get so good a growth at one year as to breed then, advantage- ously. FEEDING. Do this for the first few weeks after weaning, five or six times per day. This keeps them from an empty stomach or overgorgiug, both alike pernicious. See that they eat up their food each time be- fore being again fed. After attaining three months age, they need not be fed oftener than three times a day, but this should be regularly done morning, noon and night. KINDS OF FOOD. The best food I have found for i>igs for a few weeks after weaning, is as much cow's milk or whey as they will drink. Into this stir more or less, as required, of finely ground provender slightly salt- ed, composed of six parts of oats, two of corn and one of flax seed. If the latter is not at hand, substitute oil or cotton seed meal. If rcilk or whey .are not to had, use pure, fresh water. If all could be cooked so much the better. When more convenient or economical, other food may be substituted for the above, such as pea, bran or barlej' meal, and unbolted wheat, rye or buckwheat flour. Shorts and bran I have found are apt to scour them at this age, especially if uncooked. The same remark will ap- ply to vegetables, ajjples and other fruit, which if fed at all, should be first steam- ed or boiled, and then mixed with meal. Brewers' grains and malt combs are re- commended, but never having tried them for very young pigs, I cannot speak of their suitableness from my own experi- ence. They are good for older animals. Other kinds of food assist iu produc- ing a rapid growth of the pig, as ofl'al from hotel .'ables, fisheries, slaughter- houses, etc., but as few can avail them- selves of these, I sjjeak more particularly of such as is produced on the farm. Be- ing an omnivorous animal, it does not matter so much as to the kind of food given, except when put up for f.attening — then it must be grain or meal of some sort entirelj- — provided it keejjs the pig in a healthy, thriving condition. Care must be had during growth to never stufl' nor scrimp, both being alike injuri- ous. TEATMENT OF PIGS DESIGNED FOE BEEED- ING. In warm weather, let them run iu a grass pasture, if to be bad, with pure running water and plenty of shade. In cold or stormy weather, provide yards with a dry soil and southern exposure, with comfortable pens or sheds, well lit- tered, under which they can retire at will. Cold night air is pernicious to young pigs, and is liable to give them swollen thro.its, which sometimes proves fatal. Those of nearly the same age should be kept together, and not so many as to endanger any being overlaid and smothered. When kept in pens or yards, supply them with chunks of de- (iaj'ed wood, charcoal, etc. PUEGING OK SCOURING. Young pigs are apt to scour when fed on too loose food. The best remedy I found for this, was to shut them up in a covered pen, with a jilank floor, and feed entirely with well dried oats or coru. Some times I gave, in addition, a little boiled flax seed or oil meal mixed with their drink. TREATMENT OF PIGS SELECTED FOR FAT- TENING. Careful experiments have proved that time is economized and that pork can be be most cheaply produced, by pushing pigs forward as rapidly as possible, from the time of their birth to that of their slaughter, giving them regularly, at least thrice per day, all the most suitable food for this purpose which they will eat up clean and digest. The last three weeks or so, finish oft' with Indian meal pud- ding, or whole corn, with pui'o, fresh water to drink. Old corn, or well rip- ened and dry of the season's growth, is best. This makes the sweetest and most solid pork of anything I have tried. Some contend that roots and pumpkins have so great a proportion of water in them, that if fed with the whole corn or meal, they tend to an increased appetite, keep the bowels in better order, and les- sen the quantitj' of water a fattenmg an- imal would otherwise drink. They add also, that this combined feed lessens the cost of fattening, and makes as sweet and solid meat as corn alone. I cannot vouch for this method, never having fol- lowed it; but if I did, I should use the sugar beet iu preference to other roots, and the winter squash in jireferenee to pumpkins for I think they are best fitted for this purpose. — From Alkii's Prize Ea- sai/. ds BEST BREED OF HORSES. HERE are many and diverse opin- ions as to what sort of horses are 'Jiihi most profitable to raise. The lead- 5«jU ing breeds on this Coast are fast J^ horses, such as sporting men like. Probably the horse-racing element at our agricultural fairs, which has controlled and overshadowed everythiug else, has had a good deal of influence over breed- ers. It requires fine bone and muscle and toughness of cords and nerves to ex- cel iu speed, and it is agreed that the "wind and bottom" cultivated in these horses are just the qualities most valued in horses for all purposes. But there is certainly something more needed than most fast horses possess, even admitting that these valuable points of the fast horse are essential. A profit- able horse for all purposes must have size and woight. These are very essen- tial when it comes to doing any kind of teaming or hauling. While he should not be so heavy as to be awkward and cumbersome upon the road, he does need enough weight and strength to easi- ly move along with a loaded wagon over a good road. Fast horses are too nerv- ous for general usefulness; too high- strung, impatient, impulsive, unreliable and untrustworthy. T'he horse for all work must be so well balanced as to be tractable, gentle, quiet and obedient un- der all circumstances; not inclined to jerk things and fret uuder restraint and a load. There is altogether too much of the fast horse mixed with the blood of our common horses in California. We have too many cheap and useless horses — horses that are neither fit for the farm, the road, nor the turf. They can be found in great i^lenty; are generally held at figures that few care to pay on ac- count of their "good blood;" are kept more for ornament than use ye.'ir .ifter year, because nobody wants to buy them. No wonder that many farmers declare that there is more expense and less profit iu raising horses than any other thing on the farm. Now we know of but one remedy, and that is to discard the race horse and breed from the best breeds of work stock. Never mind what the jockeys say. Their interest all lies in one direction, and their wisdom is too one-sided. Look around you and pick out the teams that are, on an average, worth the most money, and are the most in demand, and are most needed. You will find them horses weighing from 1,100 to 1,300. Say the standard will be 1,130 to 1,2.50 pounds each. Such horses will sell readily every fall for $400 to StJOO per span, for farm work, when lighter horses will be left on your hands to "eat their heads ott'. " The sensible farmer should study his own interests iu this matter as in every other, and not breed to suit the fancy of jockeys and stud-horse owners. Experieuce has proved that valuaVile colts can often be got from common light mares by breeding to the heavy work stock, either English or Scotch breeds. The same mare bred to fast stock will bring cheap colts of little use or value for anything. The farmers in every town- ship should club together and get a good heavy stud, anil try to raise up a stock of horses that u:'dl pay in money aud iu useful returns — horses that can work on the farm, haul your produce to market, or take you to town in good shape before a light wagon. Let the fast meu breed their fast stock. Choose the best. Introduction of Thoeoughdreds in Califoefia. — A writer in San ilateo, California, to the A'aiiona! Live Stock Journal, states the following: In the early days, and for about five years after the .\merican possession of this country, the horses consisted of the Spanish mustang, reinforced by the few American horses aud mares brought across the plains by immigiants; and these were a few of iJl sorts, among them some well-bred and even thoroughbred mares from Kentucky and the ^\'est. I have certainly seen many that looked it, although the pedigrees given often sounded "rather "miscellaneous." Till 185:5 or 1854, nobody thought of improv- iug the breed of horses, and the first jjer- son I heard of attempting to do so was William Hood, of Los Guilacos, Sonoma county, then, as now, a rich land pro- prietor, at whose place I happened to be iu January, 1854, when he showed me a two-year-old colt which he had purchased iu Yorkshire, and which had just arrived here. This was the thoroughbred im- ported Lawyer, of whom more anon. .\bout this time, or soon after, appeared upon the scene the brothers WiUiamsou, bringing with them the well-known and highly-esteemed Belmont (grandsire of Thad Stevens), and several thoroughbred 1 mares, which at once established these gentlemen as the founders of thorough- bred-horse breeding in Cahfornia. After ? another interval of time, Mr Combs ' brought across Billy Cheatham and Ash- laud, thoroughbred stallions; but I rath- ^ er think he had not any thoroughbred mares, calculating, like Mr. Hood, to breed from such well-bred mares as were here. There were also several trotting stallions of more or less repute, among which I may mention old Geueral Taylor aud Black Hawk David Hill, and a horse called Rattler, and a big English horse known as Peacock, who was brought from Sidney, Australia, aud worked iu Sau Francisco as a dray horse, aud after- wards made a couple of seasons, and got many very excellent geuerally-useful horses. Nailing on the Shoe. — No shoo should ever be nailed to the foot until it has been ascertained that the pressure of the hands is sufficient to keep it steadily in its place, aud preclude any appearance of daylight between it and the foot. A uotion prevails in many places that the shoe gives the particular form to the foot. This is a mistake, for uo foot can possi- bly be aft'ectcd by any form of the shoe it may stand upon. It is the situation of the nails which alters the form of the foot, by preventing its expansion, and such prevention of expansion is the". cause of much of the lameness atfecting the foot. In putting on the shoe the nails should be driven with a geutle hand, and they ought not, by any means, to be clinched very tight. Hard driving and tight clinching will bend the hoof at the place where the clinches arc turned, inwards aud downwards towards the shoe, in such a manner as to injure the tender parts contained within the cavity of the foot. Besides, it is not necessary for a man to forget ho is working with the foot of a living animal. The shoe will remain on a sufficient length of time with geutle driving and clinehiug, pro- vided it is properly fitted to the foot. If it has a thoroughly even bearing there will be little stress on the nails. Coarse nails often split the hoof, aud thus keep it continually broken. A hue nail will answer all the purposes required, if it is made of the right material. The clinches should not be rasped away too fine, nor should the covering of the hoof be al- lowed to be rasped away (as nearly every smith seems to delight in doiug) ; it de- stroys the covering provided by nature as a protection against the too rajjid evapo- ration of the moisture of the hoof, and causes the horn to become too dry and brittle. In connection with the application of the shoe, we know of no worse fashion than the one which the smith has of forcibly taking hold with the thong and hammering the shoe to the one side or the other, after three or four nails have been driven, for the purpose of putting it straight on the foot, 'fhis is a speedy method of making up for his w.ant of ac- curacy in placing it at first; but it should never be practiced. It strains all the nails which have already been driven, aud is calculated to do serious damap.e to the foot. TuE agriculturist is taught to look upon this lovely earth of ours as the beautiful landscape of God's creation whi "mem- bership and position in the Grange," is all that is necessary to inculcate "a pro- per appreciation of their abilities and sphere" depends somewhat on what is a proper appreciation. For our own part, we do not think that permitting one's wife to do all the drudgery of the hwuse, to have no leisure time for reading, tend- ing flowers and visiting, shows a proper ai^preciation of those matters. Nor do we think that sending the sons to college and giving the daughters only such edu- cation as is to be had at the district schools, gives evidence of rt. AVe are inelin«d to doubt whether a strong man who allows his little wife to carry the baby at the county fair — we have neither the space nor the inclination for any dis- cu.ssion of the much mooted question whether babies should ever be takeu to fairs — really possess it. Finally, we sometimes think that the men who insist on paying a competent female teacher a smaller salary than they pay an incom- peteut male teacher are not indued with it. Holding these particular views, it may not seem surprising that we should think something more than admission to the Grange necessary to inculcate a jn-o- per appreciation of woman's abilities and sphere. — Grange Bulletin. I WojLiN's influence depends largely upon her power of charming. A frowsy woman may possibly be morally very ex- cellent, but her influence will be far less than that of a fasciuating, sinful sister. It is time that women understood that beauty, grace, culture and every femin- ine attraction may be made powerful for good. The represimtative French woman cultivates and preserves her charms to pander to a personal vanity that longs forcontiuuen