CALIFORNIA FISH“? GAME “CONSERVATION OF WILD LIFE THROUGH EDUCATION” Volume 4 Sacramento, April, 1918 Number 2 B t+ Rie tViGAME PUBLIC LIB. aa}/ of | » aaa tN ud as : HERRING NUMBER BOARD OF FISH AND GAME COMMISSIONERS. Commissioners appointed by the Governor, by and with the consent of the Sénate. Term at pleasure of Governor. No compensation. ¥. M. NEWBERT, President.22--=---2e— se —2e_-_- eae =_ see Sacramento. M. J. CONNELL, Commissioner__..-.2------ «--sss+-2<-2.___--=Los Angeles f).2L BOSOUI-Commnnssioner.22 =) ess ee ee eee eS San Francisco CARL WESTERFELD, Executive Officersie s-s-- se. 22_- a2 San Francisco J. S. HUNTER, Assistant Executive Officero-—2-=-se-_--ax-2s2-_- San Francisco Bees AD Rly Pa Car nay a aE pe ee a San Francisco As DD: TRRGUSON: Field: Apentwel 22 oe eat ee ee whead > Sagah Fresno DEPARTMENT OF FISHCULTURE. W.-H. SHEBUBY; in. Charge Mishculturesu2 soe le sta 255 Te Be San Francisco ee WE NG Brel a Serpe PELOTON Pe el San Francisco G. H. LAMBSON, Superintendent Mount Shasta Hatchery.______----.----- Sisson W. O. FASSETT, Superintendent Fort Seward Hatchery and Snow Mountain FOE (0 6 UR) eles Mactan “ves PH tana tlhe 1x DN Ean RCM NAS 2 Aire Pe MOR IN AEE is Alderpoint G. McCLOUD, Jr., Foreman in Charge Mount Whitney Hatchery and Rae Ves: SCR DIOR eee LN iE a at FM eae ed TO ee Ee ae eee Independence G. E. WEST, Foreman in Charge Tahoe and Tallac Hatcheries_____________ Tallae H. L. NEHF, Foreman in Charge Brookdale Hatchery_-__--__-_--__-=_- Brookdale E. V. CASSELL, Foreman in Charge Almanor and Domingo Springs NB IRC) 62) cs ae eae OP ap es ec rhe ae NPP ES eALERTS ah Keddie L. PHILLIPS, Foreman in Charge Bear Lake Hatchery_-_-_-__--=--_ San Bernardino R. I. BASSLER, Foreman in Charge Klamath Stations_______-______-__ Hornbrook JUSTIN SHEBLEY, Foreman in Charge Ukiah Hatchery____-._-_-__-_-_-_ Ukiah J. B. SOLLNER, Assistant in Charge Wawona Hatchery____---------__ Wawona As by DONEY, Mish adder Surveyorse2 2.05 ee Oe ae a tere San Francisco AH: CUBWER, “Sereen? Survey ores 220987 ee ae Ses ee San Francisco A. M. FAIRFIELD, Inspector Water Pollution__1_~-_------=_--_ San Francisco DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. NE Be SCORTEED yTmn'\ Clare ae i e000 0512 Rae LY Ne a San Francisco FYB NID ERY ERs) AGS tern Se naa ga Long Beach WB EHOMPSO Ns JASSTS BAR bate ae So eS ea yee Long Beach ARLE. DOW NUNGS Agpis terra t ie ee eel i ee ee San Francisco SiS) BAUDDR, ; ASBISHAT C2 a Ne ar tue gee el Los Angeles P.-FEs DVR, Assis term tc ee a a eae ec a SS a ea es Pacifie Grove ©. AY BLUMER A Birsitienin tek ka ee Sacramento ; STATE GAME FARM. W. N. DIRKS, Superintendent, State Game Farm_-_-_____------+=- «Hayward BUREAU OF EDUCATION, PUBLICITY AND RESEARCH. DRAB CP BRYANT. In Charest abn iR eth io Sy Ta aa en Re eee Berkeley ws vs Wey Tag OE CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME “CONSERVATION OF WILD LIFE THROUGH EDUCATION” Volume 4 SACRAMENTO, APRIL, 1918 Number 2 CONTENTS. THE HERRINGS AND HERRING-LIKE FISHES OF CALIFORNIA, E-G. Starks 59 THE HERRING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HERRING INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA DUCKS VS. RICE A LOOKOUT’S VIEW OF TRINITY GAME REFUGE__--Frank Hoffman 72 CONSERVATION OF FORESTS INCREASES GAME___-G. W. Courtright 74 SUPREME COURT DECISION ON PARCEL POST SHIPMENT OF (GHANIVIT Rare Re eRe xe rere a ee ee oe a ee OS se LS 75 HD TTORTEAIS -2=22— = = = py AES ae Se ee SS Te et 79 PACT OER EISEN (SIE Sy 6 meee eee es Se Ce eee Se peal BS ee 2 90 COMM © EAE 2 EUS ETE Raves © SNE) Se ae ee ee ee ee 92 GON SER VeAGeOIN IN: © SUERTE B) Sete 2 ts ee ee ee ee 96 TURTLE Hebe d CLES! 19 (OER VS) GIN EY SS ese ot proe anee E a e e 98 UNI DESTADES HORS SERVICES COOPHRATION== {ssn hes =. 99 PERAESTIF ERT Soe ek tap ee ee ee Ee ed ae ee at tea 100 Hishenw Produc: October to Wecember sl Olli( = === ae ee 100 Mirolationsnoim:Hishiean diss em anwis== meee ee ee z= lO? EI I Sirs ae ed ree ae errno i a teh el A ea 1035 SESpIY 3 1 TD) ee OTs ene ee ec I eS rye 104 37119 GAME. AND CALIFORNIA FISH ie 6) UB SUIUOIIG MOU St jt JUIPIVS ay} YIM Suopy “\svoo Ino SuolR “ysyY pooy zurz10durt punoy sey SY [[BUIs JuepuNqe jsou ay} JO auG “Cuspypd padujy) Buitisy ay, he “SLT THE HERRINGS AND HERRING-LIKE FISHES OF CALIFORNIA By Edwin Chapin Starks, Stanford University. This account includes the lady-fish, the herrings, the sardine, the shad and the anchovies. These fishes, though considered in three sepa- rate families are, nevertheless, rather closely related to each other. They are well separated as a group from other fishes, but mostly by internal characters that are of too technical a nature to be here included. They are rather closely related to the trout and trout-like fishes but lack the adipose dorsal fin. Other groups of fishes contain more species than this group, but no other is represented by such a great number of individuals. They swim in immense schools in temperate and tropic regions. The world over they hold first place in commercial importance, though on our California coast this has only recently been true, for within a vear or two the sardine has supplanted the salmon and tuna (albacore) in value. The herrings and herring-lke fishes are bright silvery, the head with- out seales, but the body covered with thin scales that are easily rubbed off. There is a single, short dorsal fin near the middle of the back. The ventral fins are back on the belly and not close under the pectoral fins as in the bass-like fishes. The fins are without spines and consist of soft rays only. Considerable doubt seems to exist as to the relationship between the herring and sardine. The sardine is a herring but all herrings are not sardines. It belongs to the herring family (Clupeid@) and hence may be correctly considered a herring. GLOSSARY. Anal fin. The single fin on the lower side toward the tail. Caudal fin. The tail fin. Dorsal fin. The single fin near the middle of the back. Length of head. The distance from the tip of the snout to the hind edge of the gill cover. Maaillary. The bone bordering the mouth above and extending baekwards. Opercle. The last bone of the side of the head covering the gills. Pectoral fins. The paired fins just behind the head. Ventral fins. The paired fins back on the abdomen. In identifying any fish in this group it will be necessary to first find the family in the following key: Families of California Herrings and Herring-like Fishes. The body nearly as wide as it is deep. The snout pointed, cone- shaped, and projecting beyond a small mouth. The maxillary not reaching backwards behind the eye. The Lady-Fishes (Family Al- bulidw): Page 60. The body deeper than wide. The snout not cone-shaped and not projecting beyond the mouth in front. The maxillary not extending backwards behind the eye. The Herrings (Family Clupeide). Page 60. 60 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. The mouth extremely large, with a pointed snout projecting beyond it. The maxillary reaching backwards behind the eye nearly to the gill opening. The Anchovies (Family Engraulide). Page 63. THE LADY-FISHES. (Family Albulide.) The Lady-fish (Albula vulpes). The body is nearly as wide as it is deep and the head is wedge-shaped with a pointed snout that overhangs the small mouth. The top of the head between the eyes is flat, and the sides are nearly vertical. The maxillary does not reach back to opposite the eye. The eye is nearly covered with a thickened, transparent membrane. This is a very brilhant silvery fish, dark olive-brown on the back and with faint streaks following the rows of scales. It reaches a length of 3 feet and is common in tropical seas. On our coast it is not very uncommon in San Diego Bay and has been taken as far north as Monterey Bay. In most localities it is little valued for food, though this is not always an indication of the real food value of a fish. Fig. 35. The lady fish (Albula vulpes). The young of this fish pass through a metamorphosis. They are for a time elongate, small-headed, band-shaped and composed of very loose, colorless, transparent tissue, so clear as to be scarcely seen when in the water. From this condition they become gradually shorter and more compact, shrinking from 34 inches in length to 2 inches. Then commences their real growth and soon they assume the adult form. In the Gulf of California where the lady-fish abounds, these band-shaped young are often thrown on the beaches in great masses by the waves. THE HERRINGS. (Family Clupeida.) The Japanese Herring (Etrumeus microps.) This herring may be known from others of its family by the ventral fns being entirely behind the dorsal, rather than partly or entirely under it, and by the short base of the anal fin which is less in length than the diameter of the eye. The head is a little longer than the - a 4 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. 61 depth of the body. The eye is covered with a transparent, thickened membrane. The color is bright silver with each scale on the back hay- ing a large brown spot. This fish is more nearly round in section (cigar-shaped) than are other members of its family on our coast, the width of the body being about two-thirds of the depth. Next in order in this respect is the Fig. 36. The Japanese herring (Etrumeus microps). sardine, which is considerably plumper than the herring, and deepest of all is the shad, which is very much deeper than wide. The Japanese herring is a common species in the Hawaian Islands and in Japan. Specimens have been taken at San Diego, and a few years ago two specimens were sent to Stanford University from that locality with the statement that it was not rare in certain seasons. It should be looked for and its appearance and abundance reported to the State Fish and Game Commission. The Sardine (Sardinia czrulea). The sardine may be known by the opercle having a few raised lines or ridges running obliquely downward, the head longer than the depth of the body, and the breast and belly not drawn to a sharp, saw-toothed edge. The ventral fins are under the base of the dorsal fin, and the base of the anal fin is twice or more times longer than the diameter of the eye. The maxillary reaches to below the middle of the eye. The Fig. 37. The sardine (Sardinia caerulea). color is bluish on the upper parts and bright silvery below with metallic reflections. A series of large dark spots is usually present along the side, but often they are absent, especially in large individuals. The sardine occurs in great abundance along the entire west coast of the United States and southward on the coast of Lower California. It is taken the year around and is especially abundant from Septem- 62 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. ber to December. It spawns in the spring. It is an oily, delicately- favored fish that resembles very closely the European sardine (Sar- dinia pilchardus). On the coast of South America is a sardine that is almost identical with it, but that differs sufficiently to regard it as a separate species. In Europe the small sized fishes only are canned, though the European species grows to be nearly as large as ours. On our coast fishes of all sizes are canned. As a pan fish it is particularly delicious. The best canned sardines are carefully cleened, soaked fer a time in cold running sea water, surface dried in the sun or in a hot current of air, boiled in oil, packed in cans, again cooked in a retort, and then aged for several months, if preserved in oil, before they are marketed. A great difference exists, however, in our sardines, owing to quick, poor methods of canning. It may be added that the canned product is rapidly improving. The brands that were poor are being made bet- ter so that the difference between them will doubtless become less and less marked. Among our west coast sardines are some that are not surpassed by any in the world. The Herring (Clupea pallasii). The operele has no raised ridges as in the sardine, and the head (in specimens over 5 or 6 inches in length) is about equal to the depth of the body. The ventral fins are under the base of the dorsal fin, and the breast and belly are not sharply saw-toothed. The color is silvery on the sides and lower parts and slate-blue above. The tip of the snout and lower jaw are dark. The herring is widely distributed on both coasts of the Pacific and is found along our entire west coast southward to San Diego Bay, but it is not at all common on the southern California coast. The herring Fig. 38. The herring (Clupea pallasit). fishery is scarcely developed, but considerable attention is now being paid to it and it may be expected to rapidly increase in importanee. Some are smoked and cured in various ways, and many are salted for bait by the line fishermen. A part of the fishes that are cured and marketed as herring, however, are not this species, but are sardines. As a pan fish the herring is very good, but drier and not so richly flavored as the sardine, which makes it preferable to some people. It is only taken from December to April, when it enters the sheltered bays to spawn. Its whereabouts is not known for the balance of the year. The herring reaches a length of 18 inches. CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. 63 The Shad (Alosa sapidissima). The body is deep and is drawn to a sharp saw-toothed edge on the breast and belly. The operecle usually has raised ridges somewhat as in the sardine, but less even and regular in arrangement. The leneth of the head is much less than the depth of the body. The shad does not naturally belong to our west coast fauna, it having been introduced from the Atlantic. It has become one of our abundant food fishes but it is not appreciated as it is on the Atlantic coast, even Fig. 39. The shad (Alosa sapidissima). though the people there have a greater variety of good fishes to select from than we do. The shad baked or broiled is one of the most tooth- some fishes that we have, and though it has a superabundance of small bones, its flavor more than pays for the trouble of removing them. In the spring it ascends the streams to spawn and is then taken in abundance. In salt water it is not taken in any quantity, though occasional good-sized catches are made, especially in Monterey Bay. It is found in salt water as far southward as San Diego. THE ANCHOVIES. (Family Engraulide. ) The Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax). The long head, slender body and short anal base separates this from the other two anchovies on our coast. The head is much longer than the depth of the body. The middle of the head is a considerable distance behind the eye. The anal fin base is much shorter than the head. In color it is bluish above and silvery on the sides and lower parts. This is the largest and most valuable of our anchovies, growing to a length of 7 inches. It is found in great abundance along the entire west coast and is the only one found north of Santa Barbara. It is eanned to some extent, but is inferior to the sardine, though inferior, perhaps, only because the proper methods of canning are not understood. As a pan fish it is exceedingly good when cooked until the bones are erisp, and it is difficult to imagine why it never appears in the fresh fish market. Its use in this form should be encouraged. 64 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. There is no reason why anchovies should not be pickled and packed, coiled in bottles as is done with its close relatives that we import from Europe. Nor is there any reason why it should not be made into a Fig. 40. The northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). superior paste and even find a European market, where anchovy paste is used in great quantities. It is a very good fish salted, though in this form it is used as yet only as bait. It is one of our undeveloped resources that may become of importance. The Southern Anchovy (Anchovialla delicatissimus). This anchovy has the length of the head about equal to the depth of the body. The middle of the head comes at the hind edge of the eye. The length of the base of the anal fin is equal to the length of the head, Fig. 41. The southern anchovy (Anchovialla delicatissimus). or very shghtly longer. The color is greenish and translucent; along the middle of the side is a silvery band. This species is found very abundantly on the southern California coast. It noes not much exceed 3 inches in length. Crisply fried in oil, this fish is all that its Latin name signifies—most delicate. The Deep-Bodied Anchovy, or Sprat (Anchovialla compressus). This anchovy may be known by its deep thin body and long anal base. The latter is very much longer than the length of the head, and econ- siderably longer than in the preceding two species. It is pale trans- lucent greenish in color with a silvery band along the side that shades downward on the lower parts. CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. 65 PY WOO lee as Fig. 42. The deep-bodied anchovy (Anchovialla compressus). This anchovy grows to a length of five inches, and is found only on the southern California coast where it is abundant. Its flesh is thin and dry, and as a pan fish it can not be compared with the other two anchovies. THE HERRING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HERRING INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. By N. B. SCOFIELD, in Charge, Department of Commercial Fisheries, California Fish and Game Commission. The herring, of which there are several species, are found in the northern salt waters of both hemispheres. They are small silvery fishes, not usually exceeding twelve inches in length, but what they lack in size they make up in numbers, for they appear along the coast during their spawning seasons in vast schools and are caught by the fishermen princi- pally at that time. The herring catch in Europe in the year 1909 exceeded one and one- quarter billion pounds, valued at $21,500,000. The herring fisheries on the Atlantic coast of North America, while not as extensive as those of Europe, are, nevertheless, of great importance. In the state of Maine many millions of pounds of young herring are taken annually in traps or weirs and canned as sardines, but the principal herring fisheries are around Newfoundland, where the mature fish are caught and cured, either by salting or smoking. The Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, is found along the Pacific coast of North America from Alaska to Morro Bay in California, and south along the Siberian and Japanese coasts. Although a different species from that of the Atlantic, it is very closely related and is probably its equal in quality. So far the herring fisheries of the Pacific coast have not been greatly developed, for the reason that there is a prejudice against the Pacific herring, and the markets prefer the herring of the Atlantic, especially those coming from Scotland and Norway. This prejudice has, no doubt, been mostly due to lack of knowledge and a lack of care in preserving the fish on this coast. The first herring packed from British Columbia and Alaska did not come up to the standard of the European product and the trade immediately concluded NS BURLINGAME PUBLIC 66 JALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. that the Pacific herring was inferior in quality. For years the fishery was neglected ; the only part of the industry of importance was the rough salting of herring for the Oriental trade. More recently different com- panies have begun canning the herring and the fishery has begun to Fig. 43. Herring gill netters at Belvedere Cove, San Francisco Bay, January, 1918. Photograph by N. B. Scofield. grow. The United States Bureau of Fisheries during the past summer sent experts to Alaska to demonstrate the Scotch method of curing her- ring and it is believed by these experts, after the favorable reception of this experimental pack, that the Pacific herring can compete successfully with the herring of Europe. Fig. 44. Drawing a herring seine on Richardson Bay, January, 1918. Photograph by N B. Scofield. In California very little has been done with the herring for their size is comparatively small and with the present methods of capture the fish are taken after they have begun spawning and are not in prime condition for salting or smoking. PU al bee CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. 67 The principal fishing is done in San Francisco and Tomales bays (see figs 43 and 44). The species of herring under discussion is reported to run in Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, and as far as is known that is the southern limit of its range. Going north from Morro Bay, the next point at which they are found is in Monterey Bay, where they enter Elk Horn Slough for the purpose of spawning. The schools are small and the fish themselves are of small size. In San Francisco Bay the first schools appear in January and soon begin spawning. The eggs are attached to the rocks and seaweeds below low tide mark where they are supposed to hatch in a couple of weeks (see fig 45). The spawning continues until April, when the fish Fig. 45. (a) Herring spawn on seaweed, San Francisco Bay, March, 1918. (b) A close view of herring spawn. Photographs by N. B. Scofield. leave and are not seen again until the spawning season of the following year. The fish composing these schools are rather small, few of them reaching a length of ten inches. The herring enter Tomales Bay a month earlier and schools continue to spawn at various places in the lower bay until March. They are considered the best herring in California and many of the fish reach a length of ten or eleven inches and are fatter than those found in other parts of the state. Herring also spawn in Drakes Bay, Bodega Bay, Shelter Cove and Humboldt Bay. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON HERRING. There is a great mass of literature on the herring fisheries and on the life his- tory of the Atlantic herring but very little has been published on the Pacific herring. Those itterested may find the spawning habits of the Pacific herring described in a paper by Dr. C. M. Frazer, published by the Biological Board of Canada (University of Toronto Press, 1916). For information as to what the scope of a fisheries investigation should be, read “A Contribution to the Life History of the Pacific Herring: Its Bearing on the Condition and Future of the Fishery,” by W. EF. Thompson, in the Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries, British Colum- bia, for 1916. A full description of the Seoteh method of curing herring may be obtained from the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, D. C. SHAD SEASON APPROACHING. The herring season has about come to a close and the shad, a near relative, will take its place. People will continue to talk of the high cost of fish, and of bones, and the shad taken in California will continue to travel across the conti- nent to those who appreciate a good fish. FRESH SARDINES NOT APPRECIATED. The California sardine is a splendid fish to fry in the pan, and is abundant and cheap. During what has been termed the “fish famine’ of the past winter, sardines could have been obtained almost without limit, hut, except as a canned product, there was no sale for them. CLAMOR FOR STURGEON. Whereas the sardine catch in Califor- nia is over one hundred million pounds annually, there is a clamor for the re- moval of fishing restrictions from the now nearly extinct sturgeon. SALMON CATCH IN 1917. The catch of salmon on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, including San Francisco Bay, from January to Decem- ber, 1917, inclusive, was 7,219,846 pounds. The catch of salmon on Monterey Bay for the same year was 8,981,670 pounds. JALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. PATROL BOAT “ALBACORE” BUSY. The fish and Game Commission’s new patrol boat “Albacore” is now in commis- sion, and under Captain H. B. Nidever will take care of the fisheries and kelp patrol work, and lend assistance in the investigation work being carried on by the commission. The boat’s headquarters will be at Long Beach and its territory will be the state waters from Ventura to San Diego. ANCHOVIES WILL BE SALTED. Santiago Briones, Ine., fish packers of New York, have established a plant at Monterey and are preparing to put up salt anchovies on a large scale. The fish will be packed in 5-, 14- and 28-pound cans. THE ANCHOVY A FINE FOOD FISH. The anchovy is one of our best food fishes and is delicious fried in olive oil or butter. It is found along our shores the year round in immense numbers and the markets could sell it very cheaply if the public would use it. MACKEREL DELICIOUS BUT SELDOM EATEN. The coast of California for a good part of the year swarms with mackerel. They are found close to shore, where any one may easily catch them. They are food fish of the highest quality, but the fisher- men do not eatch them, for they can not sell them. TUNA INVESTIGATIONS. The Fish and Game Commission in its investigation of the tuna, under the super- vision of Mr. W. EF. Thompson, has added several assistants in order that the work may be hurried along. A laboratory has been opened at Long Beach in close proximity to the tuna canneries in order to facilitate the gathering of data and the handling of cannery statistics. The scope of the work has been extended -in order to include the sardine and herring. The objects of this investigation work are to establish a basis on which the future. of the fisheries may be judged and to de- termine if they show evidence of deple- tian, also to assist in the more rapid de- velopment of the fisheries. The work has been well organized along the lines of} 93 similar investigations in Hurope and with the intention of continuing it indefinitely. The co-operating with tuna packers in carrying on experimental fishing on rather a large scale. ‘Two well trained Japanese fisheries experts are em- ployed and already we feel assured that new methods of tuna fishing can be profit- ably introduced and the fishing considerably extended. commission is season BETTER FISHING METHODS NEEDED. The meatless days and the high price of meats have increased the consumption of fresh and canned fish throughout the state, but there has been no material in- crease in the consumption of salt or smoked fish. During the winter months the fishermen have not been able to sup- ply the public with the species that are more commonly used fresh, such as Cali- fornia halibut, salmon, striped bass, sand dabs, sole and rock cod. The rea- son for the shortage of fresh fish this winter was due mostly to the inefficient fishing methods employed, which proved inadequate to supply the increased demand during what is termed the ‘‘off season’’ for fish. The shortage of fish in northern California was caused mostly by the poor eatches of the trawl or paranzella nets, which failed when most needed. Three years ago the editor of this de- partment read a paper before the Pacific Fisheries Society in which he had the following to say about improved methods and the future of trawl fishing in Cali- fornia : “As to the future of trawl fishing in California, it is safe to say the otter trawl will in time be adopted, for it can be operated more economically and will do better work. It can be oper- ated at night and the fish landed fresh for the morning market. The paran- zella can not very well work at night. The otter trawl can work in much deeper water, thus greatly extending the fishing area. It can work near submerged rocks and close to rough bottom by virtue of the fact that the net follows directly behind the boat and by taking soundings the rocks or rough bottoms are detected before the net reaches them and the course can be altered or the net raised. By fishing adjacent to rough bottom this trawl will catch a greater variety of fish. It ean work in the stormy weather of winter when the fish bring a good price. The boats would be larger and 94 CALIFORNIA FISH more seaworthy and have better accom- modations for the crew. ‘'Ehey have room to clean and ice the fish at sea and on that account can make a longer trip. An otter trawl of a size sufficient to do the work of one of the san Francisco paranzella outfits could be operated at two-thirds the expense. “California will never be the home of a great trawling industry, for the trawl fishing grounds are too limited. On account of the rapid deepening of the ocean floor to the west of the con- tinent, the bottom suitable for trawling is a very narrow strip. This strip ex- tends from Point Concepcion to our northern boundary, but only in two or three places will it exceed five miles in width and most of it is one to three miles wide. Otter trawls from San Francisco could fish this entire distance if the market would take the fish. The three San Francisco paranzella outfits and the four smaller outfits at Santa Cruz, with their comparatively primi- tive methods, can for the most of the year easily over-supply the market. By adopting the improved methods of han- dling fish, in use elsewhere, interior markets could be reached. But our people are not fish eaters and unless the public takes more kindly to a fish diet, our trawling grounds will be sufficient for many years to come, as in the past forty years they have been only scratched in two or three places.”’ THE GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF FISHERIES. Some apprehension has been felt in regard to the announcement issued from Washington that the government was to take over the control of the fisheries and remove fishing restrictions. On February 10, the United States Food Adminis- trator for California issued the following: “San Francisco, Feb. 10, 1918.— Attention of salt water fishermen throughout California was called today to the following statement issued by the United States Food Administration at Washington warning fishermen re- garding procuring of licenses to do business : “Under a recent proclamation of the President, the second issued by him on control of the fish industry, salt water fishermen, generally, must be licensed by the Food Administration. By the first proclamation, effective November 1, 1917, it was made compulsory for all wholesale fish distributors, brokers and commission men to secure licenses; but those catching fish were not included unless they were also in one of the classes named. By the new proctama- tion of January 10, 1918, ‘all salt water fishermen, whether fishing inde- pendently or on shares,’ must secure licenses if ‘engaged at any perioa ot the year in the commercial distribution AND GAME. including catching or selling, of any or all varieties of salt water fish, inelud- ing menhaden, and of shellfish and crustaceans.’ “These licenses must be secured on or before February 15, 1918, and are issued without charge or fee of any kind. The term ‘salt water fishermen’ includes all (except those employea tor wages only, without a share in the proceeds) who are engaged in catching salt water fish or producing any other kind of sea food, including lobsters, crabs, shrimps, oysters, clams, ete. Also any person, firm, corporation or association engaged in production and employing any such fisherman or producer of sea food, whethér for wages or on shares or both, must take out a license. These licenses can be secured from the Licensing Division of the Food Administration at Washington. “This license system, as applied to the fisherman, is wholly for their benefit, not to affect their prices, not to limit their operations, but to extend them and to remove local restrictions that now prevent free and full develop- ment of sea-food production. “The Food Administration does not intend to regulate the prices of fish and sea foods in the fishing districts; and distribution and prices, so far as fish- ermen and producers are concerned, will move along natural lines as before. “By assuming this more direct con- trol of salt water fishermen, the Food Administration will be able, Wwuere necessary, to supersede state laws and local restrictions by general regulations which will allow increased opportunity to fishermen and broaden their opera- tions during the war. ‘These local re- strictions have discouraged fishermen, lessened their catches and limited the use of their most productive gear; non- residents and aliens have been _ pre- vented from fishing in waters of cer- tain states; closed seasons have been enforced on certain varieties of fish during their period of greatest abun- dance, and restrictions upon the use of purse seines have prevented utilization of this effective gear within the three mile limit. These and other restrictions on fishing havé curtailed production and brought about a shortage in sup- plies of salt water fish when we need sea food more than ever before. These restrictions will be removed or modified under the new regulations, and this greater freedom for fishermen, with other measures for the benefit of the fish industry, should largely increase He Suny of sea food by spring of 1918. “At the same time, due regard will be paid by the Food Administration to - any present restrictions that are vitally necessary to protect the fish supply of the future, and to prevent extinction or too great reduction in the number of any species valuable for food.” a ee = — reor CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. ' 95 ELEVATION AFTER GALLOWS MIOSHIP_FAIRLEAD Fore CaLiows A fm) 7 Se 1) es DECK PLAN DIAGRAM OF STEAM TRAWLER SHOWING FISHING GEAR Fig. 54. of Fisheries, Document No. 816, p. 19.) Later the California Food Administra- tor appointed a Fish Administrator for southern California, Mr. W. C. Crandall of the Scripps Institute, and on March 2, a conference was held at the Food Administrator’s office at which were present representatives of the United States Bureau of Fisheries and the State Fish and Game Commission. After con- siderable discussion following a report by Mr. Crandall on conditions in southern California, it was determined that the state laws in the main do not prevent the full development of the fisheries. The restrictions on sea fishing which prevent the use of effective fishing gear, as con- demned in the proclamation of the Fed- eral Food Administrator, does not apply to California as it does to many other states. It is only in minor instances of a local character that restrictions need to be removed or modified. The Fish and Game Commission, or the governor of the state, do not have the power to set aside regulations passed by the legislature so that the opportunity to modify existing Diagram showing steam trawler and otter trawl. improve our fisheries and assure the market fresh fish daily. Apparatus of this kind would (From United States Bureau regulations or to issue new ones to meet rapidly changing conditions, is welcomed by the state. The few changes in the state laws as indicated on page SO were decided upon. The State Food Administrator ex- pressed himself as opposed to removing fishing restrictions from the species of fish that are being caught to the limit in this state at present, such as salmon, shad, striped bass and California halibut, while there are plenty of other good fish the people can use. It was brought out at the conference that the salt water fishing boats and fish- ing gear are inadequate to meet the present emergency. This is especially true with regard to the trawl nets and rock cod or long-line boats. We need otter trawls of good size and larger long- line boats with power gurdies for working more lines and at greater depths. It was also brought out that we have many good species of fish which could be furnished the people in large quantities if they can only be induced to use them. 96 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. CONSERVATION IN OTHER STATES. OCEAN FISH REFUGES. The Bureau of Fisheries is placing sub- way stone and other refuse to a depth of eighteen inches, from Romer Shoals to Long Beach, New York. ‘The ocean floor here is a hard, sandy bottom, and the rock piles will attract marine animal life upon which fishes feed. Captain J. Klein of Bergen Beach has experimented for many years with ocean rock piles, and in one area containing 800 square feet of such dumpings in 66 days of fishing two men, using hook and line, took seventeen tons of fish. This convinced Dr. H. F. Moore of the United States Bureau of Fisheries that such feeding grounds were worth making on a larger scale, and if the Romer Shoals-Long Beach newly made grounds produce results the idea will be applied elsewhere.—T'he American Angler, August, Ia We FISH AND GAME ADMINISTRATION IN WASHINGTON. The Fish Commission of Washington is made up of the state fish commissioner, the governor and the state treasurer. In the state the county unit is most im portant in fish and game legislation. The fish commissioner and state game warden act in an advisory capacity to the various county fish and game commissions. The state receives 20 per cent of the fund from the sale of licenses, while the re- maining 80 per cent is expended by the various counties. WASHINGTON’S GAME REFUGES. Instead of setting aside large areas as game refuges, the state of Washington cre- ates refuges for wild fowl by preventing the killing of all waterfowl on the Colum- bia or Snake rivers or within a quarter of a mile of the shores thereof through- out several counties. This provides a safe breeding place and a sanctuary for many waterfowl. NO INCREASE OF BOUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA. The governor of Pennsylvania recently vetoed a bill providing for increased bounties on wildeats and weasels. His excuse for so doing is as follows: 1. Uneconomic conditions would be pro- duced owing to the fact that idle and irresponsible persons are incited to waste time in the woods. 2. It would cause unnecessary drain on hunters’ license funds. Noxious animals are, as a rule, overrated in their destruc- tiveness. Nature’s balancing of life, un- disturbed by man, is, on the whole, wise and good. In spite of forcible arguments ad- vanced, many sportsmen in Pennsylvania are disappointed in the failure of the bounty bill to become a law. $15,000 FINE PAID FOR TRAPPING WILD DUCKS. A check for $15,000 from Henry C. Phipps, in settlement of a case against him for illegally trapping wild ducks upon his estate at Wantagh, Long Island, has been received by Conservation Com- missioner George D. Pratt of New York. This is the second largest fine in a game case ever obtained by the commission, the largest having been for $20,000 for illegal sale of wild ducks in 1913. The case began with a raid by Chief Protector Llewellyn Legge and a corps of game protectors upon Mr. Phipps’ estate at Wantagh on February 20, when 442 live wild black ducks, 25 dead wild black ducks, 5 pintails and 1 wood duck were seized. A court of investigation was held the same day.—Bull. Amer. Game Prot. Assn., May 1, 1917. DOVE PROTECTION IN TEXAS. At the last session of the Texas legisla- ture a bill was passed extending for two months the open season during which doves may be killed. The main reason advanced why this change ought to be made was that sportsmen of north Texas were deprived of the sport of killing these useful birds and that the south Texas gunners got the best of the dove shooting. Because many farmers and others were opposed to changing the open season for doves to suit the convenience of some sportsmen, they were criticized and ridi- culed, their motives impugned, their state- ments misquoted and misrepresented, and themselves contemptuously referred to as “silly sentimentalists,” “extremists,” “hay- seeds,” “bird cranks,” ete., by many of those who proposed and advocated the amendment. CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. ON Many of the best sportsmen who are in favor of reasonable protection, with a view to preserving this valuable little game bird and preventing its extermina- tion, are not in favor of commencing dove shooting in September, for the reason that doves are not through with their nesting season at that time of the year. In some parts of this state doves nest all through July and August; their eggs are fre- quently found in September, and occa- sionally as late as the middle of Octo- ber.—H. P. Attwater. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF OREGON GAME LAWS. The following interesting penalties are imposed upon the violators of game laws in Oregon: “Any person killing any mountain sheep, mountain goat, antelope, elk, or moose, may be fined from $200 to $1,000 and imprisoned not less than sixty days nor more than six months.” “Besides fines, any one violating laws shall be subject to a _ civil liability ranging from $2 for each game bird to $300 for elk and mountain sheep; shall forfeit all guns, dogs, boats, traps, fishing apparatus and implements used in violation of laws, and shall forfeit his hunting license for the balance of the calendar year in which the offense was committed.” NEVADA PROHIBITS DEER HUNTING WITH AID OF DOGS. Although both California and Oregon place certain restrictions upon hunting of deer with dogs, a provision of the Ne- vada law states: “See. 46. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, firm, company, corporation, or association, at any time of the year to hunt, chase, pursue, eateh, or kill, any deer, antelope, cari- bou, elk, mountain sheep, or mountain goat, with or by the use or aid of any hound or hounds.” Another interesting provision of the Nevada law is that which protects the American eagle. The law states: “See. 56. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, firm, company, corporation or association to kill, de- stroy, wound, trap, injure, keep in cap- tivity, or in any other manner to catch or capture, or to pursue with such in- tent the bird known as the American eagle, or to take, injure or destroy the nest or eggs of said before-mentioned ' VALUE OF WILD LIFE ENORMOUS. Reduced to statistics the annual value of wild life assets of the state of Minne- sota, after careful investigation and in- quiry, are estimated as follows: Food value of game and fish__ $2,000,000 Furs, skins and pelts________ 1,300,000 Value of tourist trade________ 1,500,000 Value of commerce depending upon game and fish________ 3,000,000 Value to agriculture of insec- 2,500,000 tivorous birds PIC iene eee Se ee, gn $10,300,000 Every effort has been made to make this estimate conservative, and doubtless some of the items should be much larger. —Fins, Feathers and Fur, December, 1916. MINNESOTA COMMISSION REMODELS FISH AND GAME LAWS. A commission created by the last Min- nesota legislature is remodeling the fish and game laws of that state. The work of the commission will be to make a thorough study of the provisions of the laws governing fish and game and to re- vise and simplify them, striking out those laws which are ambiguous and conflicting. A SUCCESSFUL SPARROW CAMPAIGN. 'The Davenport Bird Club of Daven- port, Iowa, has almost wiped out English sparrows in that city. Poisoned grain in the form of cracked corn and wheat screenings coated with strychnine-poi- soned starch was used. After two months a careful count disclosed a reduc- tion of 95% in the sparrows feeding in the streets. The club estimates that about 150,000 sparrows were destroyed during the winter. As far as is known only two or three native birds were poisoned.—Current Items of Interest, October 26, 1917. NEW YORK HAS CONSERVATION SCHOOL. The New York legislature has appro- priated $15,000 for a game farm to be conducted as a part of the New York State College of Agriculture at Ithaca, New York. The administration of the farm is in the hands of the trustees of Cornell University, who will cooperate with the New York Conservation Com- mission. Instruction will be along edu- bird.” cational and experimental lines. 98 BIRD PRESERVES IN RUSSIA. Although birds receive little legal pro- tection in Russia, there haye been estab- lished a few sanctuaries. One of these has been established in Caucasia for the protection of the francolin and several for zibelines have been created in Siberia by the Russian Department of Agricul- ture, the largest of these comprising an area of 50 by 45 miles, or 2,250 square miles. The protection of birds in the parks of Kharkow is planned by a newly formed “Commission for the Protection of Birds” of that town.—Current Items of Interest, June 25, 1917. GOULD LEAGUE OR BIRD LOVERS IN AUSTRALIA. The Gould League of Bird Lovers, the bird-protection organization of Australia, continues to grow, having a membership of 60,000 (mostly school children) in Victoria alone. It is taking up the plan of supplying state school grounds, parks, and public gardens with nesting boxes, food-tables, and bathing pools for the birds.—Current Items of Interest, June 2. OMT. “ae, ARKANSAS REFORMS. In the recent game bill enacted by the Arkansas legislature, all seines and nets are eliminated from use by market fisher- men except stationed hoop nets with lim- CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. ited wings, the meshes of which must not be less than three inches square. ‘The seasons on migratory birds were made to conform with the federal regulations, so there is to be no more spring shooting in Arkansas. Only rabbits and = squirrels be sold. It is illegal to sell other game in the state or to ship it out to a market. Market hunting dead in Arkansas. Bag limits in the state are twenty-five ducks and fifteen quail in a day, two deer, four turkeys and one bear in a season.—Wild Life, September, 1917. may is LOUISIANA OPPOSES SUSPENSION OF GAME LAWS. Conservationists have had to fight the move to suspend all laws protecting game birds “as a war measure.” Commissiones Pratt of New York was the first one to set right misguided enthusiasts on the subject. Commissioner Alexander of ou- isiana has also opposed any move to allow a greater amount of hunting. He shows that the proposed action would undo the work of years and would not lower the price of meat a single cent. The point is also made that Louisiana is host to almost 75 per cent of the migra- tory waterfowl during the winter season and hence there is thrust upon her an obligation of guardianship which can not be ignored. LIFE HISTORY NOTES. COYOTE KILLS QUAIL. During the early part of October, 1917, Deputy T. K. Duncan and myself were going down Marsh Creek, in Contra Costa County. Near the oil pumping station, just at break of day, we flushed some quail from a creek bottom. ‘These birds flew across the road as if greatly fright- ened. In a moment a large coyote ap- peared, but a few feet from us, carrying in his mouth a valley quail. Evidently the coyote is an enemy of quail, as well as an enemy of other game.—M. S. CLARK. HUNGARIAN PARTRIDGES SEEN INYO COUNTY IN 1913. In July, 1913, I saw about a dozen Hlungarian partridges on ranch, near Independence, Inyo County, IN the Walter's | ‘evidently part of the birds planted in the vicinity. The following spring two old ones were seen, but since that time the birds have absolutély disappeared.—J. J. SINGLAU. “VARMINT’ DOGS CLEAN OUT BOBCATS. Last winter, with the use of “varmint” dogs ‘Tennessee Coon Hounds,” we treed and shot out twenty wildcats, and all of these up to the time of spring lambing had deer meat in their stomachs, and as lambing came on some had lambs’ meat and wool in their intestines. This winter we have caught five already and all full of venison but one, and this one had a fill of rats and mice. It seems only just and fair to all concerned that a bounty, say CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. of $2.50, be placed on them. ‘This would give trappers more inducement to rid the country of this pest. I keep for my own protection and at no small expense, but feel this the best insurance my stock can have. to follow the dogs and at the end of from thirty minutes, sometimes only ten, up to two and a half to find the dogs It is sure some sport hours, your- Fig. 55. killed near Mount Hamilton, September Freak antlers of black-tailed deer 10, 1918. According to law this deer was unlawful game in that it lacked branched antlers. Photograph by W. N. Dirks. 99 self looking up at a very nervous cat in a tree.—C. H. Cootrey. ADULT DEER WITH UNbBRANCHED HORNS. A freak deer was killed near Mount Hamilton, September 10, 1917. This deer was apparently an old stag and weighed close to 150 pounds. The antlers, how- ever, were unbranched in spite of the fact that they were much longer than any normal pair (see fig. 55). The law defi- nitely states that the killing of such deer is a violation. Deer of this sort are so rare that the hunter loses nothing, the supply of deer is augmented, and the law more easily enforced when such animals are not killed—W. N. Dirks. SWANS RARE THIS YEAR. Proof of the oft-quoted statement that swans are driven south during weather is to be found in the lack of birds of this species during the past winter, which has been an unusually open one. Last season a mile or two of water north- west of the Marysville Buttes was covy- ered with swans. This year in the same place not over twenty birds have been seen on this body of water. As swans nearly always loaf in the same situation, these birds could be expected in this local- ity had they come south into California. —-GrEO. NEALE. severe UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE CO-OPERATION. FOREST FIRE KILLS FISH. Ranger Robert Finley, who is in charge of the trail crew, reports that in places at the head of Arroyo Seco in the Mon- terey National Forest where fires occurred last summer the rains have washed so much hardwood ashes into the creeks that the fish have been killed—H. G. MERRILL. ANTELOPE IN MODOC COUNTY. A small bunch of antelope range on the plateau country north of Alturas and although local opinion is much divided as to their number, I have heard of but one man who had seen over a dozen head. This man claimed to have counted seven- teen.—Wmn. S. Brown. MOUNTAIN QUAIL SCARCE IN TRINITY COUNTY. A general scarcity of mountain quail is reported in the Trinity National For- est, except at the lower elevations along the Trinity River. This condition is at- tributed mainly to the heavy snows of the past season, which prevented them from securing the usual amount of food. After the storm numbers of dead birds were found along the trails and roads in our region. The coyote is also responsible for a heavy annual loss, as it is a well- established fact that great destruction, especially to the young, is due to these animals.—H. V. JOTTER. AND GAME. 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A, Fe SEV ALO nea 080.0) peo o a0 gs JOG (OLE Onlin eaeem on S9r'69E | 8L0°L 2SU81 OL, SOT: il" a Fal are 5 gall eka eal ach, ve aeee | Pee tal | eee Bevo as Treqmor[aa Ee TEGO (0 gas ea istaaeiadeinel ia oi enna ipeer iearal ae PTR Fe ak SS | Sk SEH eae Lee ey Vi eange “es lc* carnal | aes A ee ieee ae PES Rar SAT PeqeywUM Oo OF PRE: oe claus vod SoS Leeann AR en Peed we Coe Bete, Fc eee de Th RE aoe all hae OF -ch-A| arse ee peas Burge raed 7OqINL LE Nee aie ate Spas Sere Sealed E eMOR| PO TS Eels ome be dl eee ae TEA Soe oll ae Ben ecaliecce Or aos real =a ee een TI9‘'SE |-~(pBsyTes9s) 4Nory, L8G a Sa 7a a bal come RNC Bay al RPP ES Eb ek ck: 183 ose sieges Eis gaara cs Seales Rieke es lt ie ae ae (OYBL) NOLL, ONS C Pe pes dorsal me eR erg oS Keane Caren coef slp gaa IP aos: gaa ee ae rr Aste > lle geen a heey ee ea eat PES rae ie BS ES Retee ee poo wroy, NSE SE elie Seta ter hay ine goa aro pi i ) hee Ne be 5 5 oe Py REAL ae PR ae Rt lee wel ee emer ea he qNOI} BES i TASTES Sen heater ce ke ay feline cect abe Ie aera WOGOLAy,\ea.- 304 O0ne Adligo: ecs | eal a ag a eis al eae Eee males ras Ae re ujdnag gad thie’ 2 Nie eerie ol ts bet egeige | pe paeopesmaall| rats ST Ee al ars Carta GE cae SEAS SOG teat lik ge vice Tell SCSi62) | Sena cl een geeaene Ts Seal Gag Pell to ew lt. 87BAS SULCUS seer alse car cas 898'L99'F |----- ~~ “| BSB'0L'SI\-----—- ~~) G28‘L98°9T| OST'T FU AN a eS Sl ieee W'S». Seat Riad eee SUES, PUL PS ero asl Ne Seared eR yal aire ele aa Sa We eT al eae Seca [ese aac sec‘ | FrS‘9 | F% SOG ooo creer | cal, oo eed oe pes CMGSER TG an eee aren © bon Soe alc masa ps ics ola Taegan Tg “ane eb cig Sea Sep ee ICOPRT “C18 PON OLCOL, |r aes 2s) Poet eaten stage, SA ig aie ~ sseq padityg Pan uCOun Hor ce all PS ewan ena kt [ease ay G08 ‘F Sao ae 816686 | 080°648 |---| noe | Pa ee alncaceae ait iol he le Rear eRe oes Sly'ed ORG GS Fines alae Cee eae “"| gu9'68 | #83 epee on ie al tr ere wT ico ake Roa a eee ae Ta a Ge). SBR CL eag F88°6S ODO. wei saa-a- se al eb) a Na haces Ca RRR OL ee ING. Clo ree | se 5 Maca eee: lectern) cage “ODay es lite ea Waseca a gee GiTTA) “Reuay Bag 102 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. VIOLATIONS OF FISH AND GAME LAWS. November 1, 1917, to February 1, 1918. Offense a peer ia oa Game. IIT tin eS swithout Cen ses. sees e ee oe a ee eee 54 $825 00 Failure to produce license om demand___._....__-2.-2--~_2- 2 i beg ees oe dS Deer, close ‘season, killing or possession___ 2-2 _- 2222) ee 4 100 00 Female deer and fawns, killing or possession___:__-_____--_-_| 3 100 00 Deermest, Close season spOSSeSSiOnes= = = = ee ee ee 7 100 00 Deer horns and skins) tailure to produce.) =) i} 50 00 Quail close, season, skiing Or POSsessi one) == a ee 3 75 OO Ducks, possession or shipping excess bag limit__._____________ 6 50 00 Geese, possession or shipping excess bag limit________________ ag Peete ees <2 Brant, possession or shipping excess bag limit_______________ 2)| Sones Doves; close season) killing or possessiona.- 22 == ee 1 50 00 Grouse, close season, killing or possession_.--___--___________ 1 25 00 Wild pigeon, close season, killing or possession_______________ 5 100 00 Tree squirrels, close season, killing or possession____________ 2 50 00 Nongame birds, close season, killing or possession___________ | 22 | 281 00 Shore-birds, close season, killing or possession_______________ 4 100 00 Dakine songsbinds> with: nets ook we See eee 5 | 200 00 Nigiits humbi niee =o ee as Se Bee he eS ee ee a7 | 575 00 NHOOLINE trom power boat whilésin’ mob ones == == es. eee ial 60 00 Shoo time-at spPHeasants=.. = =) ae ee ee Se ee eee 2 25 00 Selling wild es amecwibhouteaelilCense os 2s. = ae ee 3 | 20 00 Ofenine Birdsot Laradise tonisales ==. = sea eee ee ee 1 15 00 Possession mountain sheep heads and hides_---____--------_- 2 100 00 UsingZanasaninialt bp lini ee ee ee eee 1 25 00 Trapping fur-bearing mammals without a license_____________ 2 20. 06 Total Sus WIOWEGT ONG at ou SE es ee ee as ee ee 176 | $2,946 00 Mish. Avechinig yl GhiOniis WiGeMis eos. Sale se ee ee es 10 = $190 00 Tianhe Airone joneoriig si whealavoiogy WKyerals(o— oe EEE us ee ee 14 60: 00 Trout, close season, taking” or Ppossession- = (| 160 00 Prout. taking ochersthan! by. hook rand ine’s =. 5s se eae ae 1 Mrouig, “EXCESS! DA TiMMit. = 3. ee eS ee oes 2a ee ee oe 2. | 50 00 Salmon, Saturday and Sunday fishing, taking other than by | HOOK ad ite: 42 22252 3 Se a SN | 8 650 00 Spot-fin croaker, offering for sale, close season_______________| 1 10 00 Oatish, Offering, tor Sale TuMGdersizes a= ee 1 20 00 Halibut, offering tor-salle, underwele bts. 25-- == ee Da 30 00 Abalones, close season, taking or possession, undersize, | Greys Ss EUS oS en se I ee eae ae ee eee 40 900 00 @rabs; female md ensize tsa. s2— oe eee ee Rp eee eee 5 30 00 Olams. undersizevexcess pacelimit. 2) ee ee ee RES 11 350 00 NODSTECUS MUM GENS: cee: ces a) Fe ee ee ee cee ee 5 90 00 Hiesal fishing apparatuses. = = 2 Se eee eee ee 11 300 00 ADAYA ales nae WG ep Ti Ov SRD Kl 0 Yee tae oe Aa ee SN eee eS ee ie eye al eh TAL A | ee ee Dried ShRuM pS: *pPOSSESSIONE=) — == 225 - as Se es ee ee ae of ea Total Gish Galolations2e ss -. + So ee ee ee eee 121 | $2,840 00 Grand) total fish’ ands came violationse.--= oes eee 297 | $5,786 00 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. 103 SEIZURES—FISH, GAME AND ILLEGALLY USED FISHING APPARATUS. November 1, 1917, to February 1, 1918. Game. TO TUIC ESS gle ieee ete eee ee pe ey 2,242 EXIST ee oe ne eee 815 [SATE SSS Se lee AN | 6 8 ei ae eae Se es ee ee ae ee eee 222 QUEUE, suse SS IS IO, eS oe ee ee a ee eae eee 89 IXOR@ESY: pS SERS Se OF ea San A eee ee ec ae a ee ar 2 ASIN Cr SET aS eee eee nee ere eC eee ee Bee eee te ee ee a 100 AVA CNH RG Olsen an ain eaters Se ees) ete ooh ot Ye a ee ee 3 IRGENOHOUUESY eke eps ee Se ei fi Bee es a Sees oa ees Rn eee ee aA 51 SIDENPIAONIS LA Sees es Se es ee ee eee ees 779 INOINE une LONiea SE Ree SP EL a ee ea eee oe eee, Se eee, 27 SS OHNO DC Caen eens Syne eet ol he ee ee ae a ees ee 344 IDGGir NGG, Sock Vie 25 SU as tee ee a eee ee ee eee ae 216 pounds TESTE! TOE RST, Sk Se SS stats OS a 0 UR a ae eee eee ae 2 Fish NS HDI OXEKEL ORES IS), cee ee a a a a ec a 5,644 pounds ISS hdd rtd (tr repent ee cent ena tes Sete or ss ee Lee Oa ey oy ee 3,967 pounds PUTO Gp a ae eee es ee ete Gl eee Ree ee ee ee nee ae ee ene 1003 pounds LESIEEVGUEE, YONG NSIS ie ete Se Set ee i a a ee ee oe ee eee See nee 9 pounds ‘COGN: cseste eee ee Se i OS eo eee ee eee eer ae eee . 27% pounds Ve rey UN GAD hs a I St a ee Pe ee, eg ee SE nn 270 pounds PSUS OU H las CC NAC eA eer ere ree eae nak Lee ee a ae Sie ee at 30 pounds CONERE OS) es a a Le = A eee 87 SOUT Gir Rese See Neh eet ene Ne eae 22 oe ee ee 1,972 AN OEMIGIN GS Ses SN sae Ss Ee SE SL ee eet ee sas 2a eas 1,454 JEM TOFEN MOM AYERS «((G DHT SX Bae See ea ee Se re eee 197 TLD ORES See n> RR ae ae Su OE Sere Oe NS hd None De ef SR 30 SL QOS EVE TESS AS oN gS a Rs a eae ye oe a iS I ee rere 37 pounds JD PTE OL SOON ON SN AES a a ag ee Sees es 500 pounds MISCO UATE OUSbnIS iy tees Se be Swe ee Le Ts ee ee se Bele 21 pounds TSKENASE ete ete yoy svewte ts att UG aUtS$ A Ha W=eanCay) OL 0 oh) eee en ne ce es nes ce 27 HE role stay Te Ove TG ae eee ee el ee ee eee 27 104 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES FOR THE MONTHS OF OCTOBER, NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1917. | October November December General Administration. General cadministra tion esas ee ee $1,827 46 $1,580 12 $1,697 49 Research, publicity and education_-_------------------------------ 205 23 215 26 193 34 SPY hima x a ae eR ee Oe eee a eee res 1,172 91 82 23 ish exhibits = 2-2 ee ee ee eee 42 $3 2350" |= 2 Game @xhibits: 5222 oo re ee ee ee Ye (oe eee ea eee es ot Game farm) 2-32 Fe ee ee ee eae eer 263 O01 310 40 242 30 Mountain Dion bountiesessoc ae a 290 00 300 00 320 00 Lithographing hunting licenses_-----------------------------------|------------|------------|----------- Lithographing angler’s licenses_-------------~---------------------|------------|------------ &95 00 Hunting licenses, commission and refunds-_---------------------- 2,273 70 954 25 1,752 40 Angler’s licenses, commission and refunds_----------------------- 742 70 1,214 15 1,463 20 Market fishing licenses, commission and refunds_--------------- 48 50 82 00 93 50 Paper, Mill! ‘Creek: Dim l= == 22 es See ee ee 936. Si s.2 53332 ee TOTALS pee ee eee ae $5,940 65 $5,852 53 $5,739 46 Patrol. San“ Mrancisea districts... 22-23 ee eens $5,740 54 | $5,626 31 $5,296 37 Sarramento,,Gistricth 2 o— s+ ee ee eee 4;015 22 3,719 19 3,694 09 Dos Anseles:/@istrict = -*_ 5.2228 2) <5. 3) eee 2,518 90 2,528 99 2,902 33 iatnch patrol Vo 2 oe 22 a ee a a aes 599 73 836 80 1,523 70 Prosscutions—tish and! pamel 2-225 SSS ee 182 25 213 40 174 55 Grawiish “inspection: 3222228 + =. 2522 a ee ee eee 296, 78 |= 25 sas 2 ee Wiireber ig ayia CeIn ee a a | a a ee Aveidentvand death) claims: -==2- 25222 aoe ees eee 250 80 200 64 200 64 Totals © S22 50 es es ee eee $13,604 22 | $13,125 33 | $13,791 68 Department of Fish Culture. Eateherv adhnrinistranion 222.80) 20. ee eee eee $808 64 $813 94 $799 98 Mount) Shasta VEtateheny <2. 222 2 Se eee ee ee 1,315 54 1,302 73 1,774 38 Klanrath: Stations. 5222) 2s25 ee ee ee ee ee eee eee 8 40 125 00 Mount Whitney. Eatchery. 2: 22.2555 ee ee 1,302 58 766 24 670 65 Rao hakes*S tahionss==s2. 82= 2-58 ee ee ee ee eee $4.00) | 2os2525-32 | eee Cottonwood Lakes Station<---<--- 2222222252 Le ee a ee eee eee TPahose ihiahenety” 2252 2222 oe Se Se eee ee 208 05 45 49 5 00 allac rbavchery. 252226 ss. ae ee ee eee 5 00 5 00 5 00 Marlett -Gake-Carson* Matchery »2-~-2+2 3. 3 = ee ee | ee Se ee Mort. Seward! Hatchery= > {ss es ee ee ee eee 820 63 632 34 565 38 Wkiah “Hatchery <2. 292.2222 $e Be so ee eo ER ee ee | ee Snow Mountain Station: 222-22 5-222) 22 ee Ss See ees |S eee 6 75 Brookdale Hatchery 222 re eee "7 35 71 53 161 90 Scott: Creek (Station=*-. .<+3-- = ee eee 31 00 30 00 31 00 Almanor Stations soss9. 02-93 ee eee ee ee ee 16 35 5 00 5 00 Domingo Springs«Station---- 3s eee 52 14 17 20 9 00 Bear: ake. ‘hiatichery=—<2)-= 22 —. 22 ee he Se ee ee 421 14 555 98 246 50 Wawona Hatchery 22-2 :=.--<222.2-326 522 ee ee ee ee ee ee Yuba Oity Station. 22-s26-222.-25-2 Ss 2229 oe ee ee ee Se | ee ee Bish ‘distribution e252 ees ee ee ee 1,316 70 372 03 78 89 Bish “transplanting, 222223 <= 3 ee ee eee 281 41 408 Tie| Sereen, fishway and water pollutione soe eee 347 75 587 80 507 62 Special fiela' patroli2i--- == =e ee ee ee 222 82 275 78 64 10 Totals = see a ae eS ee See $7,261 10 | $5,898 17 $5,056 15 Commercial Fisheries Research and Patrol. Mishery research and! patrolee = sae er $1,123 82 $1,879 89 $1,116 42 Grand ‘totals, 2-22-22 2 ee ee eee $27,929 79 | $26,255 92 | $26,763 71 Department Engineering Launch “‘Albacore’?:_.--.---------- 22-2.) =22- === 1,483; 04, |b 2s=25e8 PATROL SERVICE. : ‘SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION, B. L. Bosqui, Commissioner in Charge. Carl Westerfeld, Executive Officer. J. S. Hunter, Assistant Executive Officer. E. C. Boucher, Special Agent. Head Office, New Call Building, San Francisco. Phone Sutter 6100. Wet. WAT YIStrone. 22225 see eS Vallejo) R...8s Kimballos.2222s2. 4 2226222 Merced Marl. ©. Barnes. oe eae eee Butea} En Roppel.s2 2055234 eee San Jose Theo, M. Benson -_------=+-------~ Fortuna | Henry Lencioni.==+=.~------+=- Santa Rosa Oees Brownlow. 22250" 2-345 __Porterville| Albert Mack_-_~--~__-----—_ San Francisco Bo OH Miller ee eet ee __Ukiah BV eNO OC Ys eS ee eS Santa Cruz Wteaed, Wis J.) MIO Or eG sot eet eee apa ; x J. BY Newsome ses. 2282 pe ee Newman Ss. I Chas: Ric Perkins2es4.04. ses Fort Bragg irikin: bellarda£ 4 22 on ee Laytonville | Frank Shook____.--~----~----- Salinas City Me Ele Pte a ee oe Watsonville| E. W. Smalley_----2+—------------= Hanford DD: VELy JIOeCN Meee ee ea San Rafael] H. E. Foster_-Launch ‘‘Quinnat,’”’ Vallejo H. H. Hunt (on furlough)--San Francisco! Chas. Bouton--Launch “Quinnat,”’ Vallejo SACRAMENTO DIVISION. F. M. Newbert, Commissioner in Charge. Geo. Neale, Assistant. Forum Building, Sacramento. Phone Main 43800. TW; Birmingham_———- 2" 22 Sutter Creek | Roy Ludlum_=-------------- Los Molinos E. W. Bolt (Enlisted U. S. Navy)-Gridley | R. C. O’Connor_--~------------ Grass Valley Frank P. Cady (on furlough)--Susanville| BH. D. Ricketts__---------~------- Live Oak Sign Carpenteriuc ode. 5.2222.——-- Max wel /D, Hh Ro bertse sess Su hee ya eee Murphys Cook We \COUTtrIeRt. 2... == se. ee eae Canby.| J. Sanders 222. - os ace 4 ents tee Truckee sale ES ca) Gia pec ee ee Stockton] C. A. Seroggs_-------- ._-Loomis - Buell Gray —-.-..---.----__-+--_Placerville| R. L. Sinkey-----=+---+---------- Woodland Wits Greenies. se25e_ eae le Sacramento| L. J. Warren_---+.-------~---- Taylorsville a) Be Whitesai2e24 2 uae se a ektcose Castella GOs PAbwssn Ss. oe ee cease Weaverville LOS ANGELES DIVISION. M. J. Connell, Commissioner in Charge. E. A. McKee, Assistant. Edwin L. Hedderly, Assistant. Union League Building, Los Angeles. Phones: Broadway 1155; Home, F'5705. eR oe le te Santa Maria|E. H. Ober..2----=--.---.-+------Blig Pine peewee. Ventaran: dy 1. SPritchard._ 2. 5-ae---- = Los Angeles PN a Oe ee Oe Los Angeles| W. K. Robinson (on furlough)----El Toro : San Luis Obispo| A. J. Stout-___---------------Los Angeles i J. H. Gyger==-+--=-+=+.------.--.-Elsinore | Webb Toms ~+-----—------------- San Diego saat” Wie Cc. Malone_...---------San Bernardino ‘ ona iC T wit 3 9088 LN 1021 1647 ABSTRACT CALIFORNIA FISH AND CAME LAWS WHITE SQUARES INDICATE OPEN SEASON. NUMBERS IN SQUARES ARE OPEN DATES mi etre) mt [ eet [eatjomfar || fanfintesteniee] SAC LIMITS. BTC. | ee a. - Two Bucks per season | See Notes 12-89-10 on back of this abstract | [18 per day. 30 per week | [ lll Tf [ser a on me oF ras aac _| FOR LAWS IN FULL SEE PENAL CODE FOR COMMERCIAL FISHING LAWS SEE MARKET FISHING ABSTRACT DISTRICTS Ja, Ib, le, Id, le, 14, Ug, Ph. ti, 1), Ih, BI, 2a, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, fe, 4f, are game refuges. Hunting forbidden Fishing in accordance with law relating te main dist w which refuge is located. (See map. ) Haunting Licenses: Residents, $1.00, Non-residents, $10, Trappimg Licenses: Citizens, $3.00; Aliens, $200 Aliens, $25. License year from July } to June 30 License year from July 1 to June 30. Angling Licenses: Residents, $1.00; Non-rteidents, $3. Hunting and Angling iscuneea Cau ee cectvud tebe tisk: Aliens, $3. License'year from Jan. } to Dec. 31 and Game Cosomission, County Clerks and License Trapping Licenses from Fish and Game Commission Agents. BURLINGAME PUBLIC A Dm