State Library Accession No. Call No. ...rS^ I ___fL_.J^^.v3L_^Zl 7849 5-29 10M CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE T H K California Horticulturist AND FLORAL MAGAZINE. VOLUME IX. -1879. CHARLES H. SHINN, Editor, / PUBLISHED BY JOHN H. CARMANY & CO. No. 409 Washington Street, opposite the Post-office, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. :o ILLUSTRATIONS. Darlmgtooia Californica (California Pitcher Plant) January. The Clapp Pear February. The Popular Tea Rose, Cornelia Cook March. The " Waterloo,1' a new early Pear April. I. Japanese Persimmon. 2. Mode of Drying Fruit. 3. Squeezing Fruit. 4. Dried Japanese Persimmon. Camellia Cutting (p. 132) May. Amaryllis — Brunswigia Josephine (Josephine's Lily) June. The Beurre Coit Pear July. Calochortus, or Mariposa Lily August. Duchess of Oldenburg (a Late Summer Apple) September. A Suburban Residence October. Residence of A. K. P. Harmon, Oakland, Cal November. Qraimeatal Solanums. — Tornelia Fragrans December. INDEX. A, Abronla UmbeMata '; Abronias without Water Ahroiiia-i, Hints on Abutilon, Anna Crozy Acacia Bark for Tanning Agricultural Department University of California Akebia Quinata Akebia . 158 Aristolochia gigas 285 Arrowroot }37 Arboriculture » 137 Articles and Writers 151 Areca Purpurea '26 Association, California Fruit Growers' 2 ' 8 Association , Newcastle Fruit Growers' 254 Ashes for Peach Trees 189 Asparagus Plumosus 318 Asparagus Bed, Plant an 253 Asparagus 253 Athyrium Scandlcinum 94 Autumn Leaves 2 4 Autumn Bulb Work 311 Autumn, Blooming Scarlet Lobelia for 315 Autumn Song(Poetry) 33B Australia, Fruit in 189 Australia Forests > 298 Australia, Seeds from 285 Australia. South 251 Avenue, That Fifteen Mile ••■• '£* Avenue Trees 109< «»l Avenue Trees, Selecting '4U IV THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. Bananas, California^ 317 Bananas 349 Bambusa Heteracycla 127 Basket Willows 116 Basil Vinegar 246 Beneficial and Injurious Insect s 196 Beurre Coit Pear 216 Bearing Pecan Trees 222 Beauty of Rural Life ., 243 Bedding Plant, Clematis as a. 114 Bedding Out, Hints on 139 Begonias 253 Begonia Polypetala n2 Beauty of Suggestiveness 345 Bene Plant 318 Beginning, A Good 16 Better than Stocks 21 BigTrees.The 114 Birds— What they Accomplish 189 Birds 356 Blueberry, The 136 Blue Primrose, A. 29 Blue - tone Remedy on Mildewed Roses 353 Black Detroit Apple, The 28 Blackberry, Aughinbaugh 155 Blackberry, Aughim.augh Fruiting 224 Blocks (or Orchards 60 Bouquet Dahlias 116 Bouquet Making, Hints on.... 211 Bouquets, Winter. 3(5 Bobbophyllum inoniliforme 154 Books Reviewed — Bee-keeper's Text Book 191 Blessed Bee-, The 30 Botanical Directory 352 Catalpa, Pamphlet on 191 Climate and Botany, of Santa Cruz 351 Common Plants, Concerning a Few 351 Davenport Herbarium. The 351 Ferns in Their Homes and Ours 95 Ferns of Kentucky 383 Fern Etchings j 341 Forests ofNevada 287 Forests and Forestry ., 256 Forests, Maintenance of. 320 Floral Decorations 30 Flowers and Ferns 31,96,159, 287 Flora, A Popular California 159 Landscape Gardening. 357 Locusts and Wild Honey 383 Orange Culture, Lecture on 30 Orange Culture, Treatise on 127 Plants, Organic Constituents of. 286 Resources of California 320 School Garden. The.... 319 Transactions of California Agricultural Society. ... 3ft Tight Squeeze, A 352 Vegetarianism. 356' Window Garden 30 Bombycoides, Traces of the 381 Borers, Wash to Prevent 285 Borers, Attend to the 185 Bonnet Squash, The 59 Boroiiia megastigma 286 Botany, Notes on Fossil 166 Botanical Letters 91 Botanical Gardens 161 Botanical Books 177 Botanical Questions 370 Botanic Garden, The Place for a. 53 Botanic Gardens, The Cambridge 380 Broussonetia Papyrifera 122 Brisbane Botanical Garden, From the 372 Brush, Uses of 366 Buying Novelties 121 Bug, The Striped Squash 242 Bud the Orange, How 10 1 .■> Budding 271 Budding Roses 283 Budding Orange and Lemon 77 Budded Oranges versus Seedling 92 Bulbs, Cultivation of our Native 105 Bulbs, Manure lor 148 Bulb Garden, My Native 171 Bulbs, Liliorhiza, Lanceolata, and other Native... 294 Bulb Work for Autumn 311 Bulb Collecting Pedagogue, A 347 California Flowers 25* California Orchard, A 114 California, Two Shrubs of. 40 California Olives 58 California Pears in England 61 California, What can we Grow Best in 85 California, How to See 92 California, Roots of Plants in; 296 California school Gardens. 309 California Bananas '. 317 California, New Plants of 134 California-grown Cotton 153 California Aristolochiaca?. 158 California, Central 266 California Fruit Growig Association, Orchards of 218 California Ferns. Catalogue of. 165 California Wild Flowers Compared, Eastern and 370 Canary Bird Vine, The .• 220 Cassava ."'. 244 Carnivorous, Is it Is6 Catalonian Jasmine 317 Catalogues Received- Pages 32, 62, 96, 127, 160, 192, 256, 288. 320, 3*2 Cacti in Utah 835 Cacti on Rocks 219 Canned Fruit 214 Carnauba Palm, The 255 Cambridge Botanical Garden, A Census ol 365 CamphorTree 245 Camping Season, The 217 Camellias 131 Camellia, The :.... 28* Camass Esculenta 331 Caterpillars and Grease 209 Cedar, Rose and 250 Centaureas, Propagation of 29 Centrevile Conservatory, A 280 Chinese Flat Peach, The 93 Chinese Cling, The 285 Cherry Orchard, A Fine 223 Cherries, Apples, Apricot, Questions about 239 Chrysanthemums 253 Chocolate 190 Chorozemas W> Children, Gardens for. 13* Chiontioxa Lucillse 318 Cinneranas 341 Cinchona Tiee in California 199, 241 City Children, Flowers for 86 Clapp's Pear, No. 22 110 Claire Carnot Rose 241 Clerodendron Aromaticum 2* Clematis.New 157 Clematis as Bedding Plants 113 Clematis Flower, A Large 2*4 Clematis 255 Climate, Our Range of. 250 >Climate. A Mild 55 Clivia Miniata 382 Clethra Alnifolia 190 Climbing Hydrangea, The 122 Cladastris Tinctora 348 Correspondence, Concerning 184 Correspondence, Briefs of. 307, 342, 372. Correspondence and Answers 280 Correspondents, To Our.. 216 Conservatory Notes al Mr. Harmon's 346 Conservatory Possibilities 193 Conservatory, A Grass Valley 253 Conservatories, Mr. Harmon's 58 Comfrey. Prickly 318 Collectors of our Native Plants 27 Concerning Scientific Terms 303 Contra Costa, Across 268 Commission Merchants, Publishing Fraudulent 283 Colusa Garden, A 217 Conandron Ramondioides 350 Cones, What I did with my 39 Country Garden, A 60 Coast Planting 70 Conifers, Some Choice 146 Conifers at the Paris Exposition 33 Codling Moth in Fruit 254 Croton Disraeli 29 Crab Apple, The Oregon 61 Crassula Perfoliata 66 Cuernavaca, Valley of 322 CuzcoCorn 348 Cuttings, Tomatoes from 255 Cuttings with Leaves 252 Cuttings 368 Cultivate Choice Flowers 137 Cultivation of Native Bulbs 105 Cultivation of Ginger 243 Cypress, Pryal s Golden 27 Cypress, A Dwarf. 153 Cyanophvllum Magniflcum 11 Cypripedium for Winter Blooming 34 ». Date Palm, Questions about 78 Darlingtonia Californica 13, 47 Daphne, Questions about 277 Daphne Blagayana 29 Damson, Varieties of... 94 Dahlias, Bouquet 1'6 Daffodils, New 350 Dewberry, The ;. }55 Delphinium Formosum '87 Destructive Moth, A 273 Deutzia, The Double Flowered .- 40 Diseased Pelargoniums..., 27 Pichorizandra l->™ Dieffenbachia Shuttleworthii 126 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. Blsocactus biformis 318 Dwarfing Trees 189 Dwa f Cypress, A 193 Drying Raspberries 155 Drying the Japan Porfioimon .. 129 Dryers, About Fruit 3(16 Dry Path for Gardens, A.. 91 7 Eucalyptus Globulus, Proper use of 54 Eucaly ptographia 378 Eucalypti .. 347 Em haris Amazonica 3t Evening, Flowi-rs lor '.'.'.. 3I6 Evaporation by Leaves ..i 153 Fall Management of Greenhouses 330 Farm and Orchard for March 81 Farm Notes tor April 112 Farm Notes for Ju y 206 Fall Treatment of Helichrysums 281 Fai's, The . 271 Ferns, Catalogue of California I65 Ferns, Insects on "... 122 Fern, That Beautiful 60 Fern Collectors 77 Ferns for a Hall 88 Ferns, Peat for 93 Ferns, Our ^4 Ferns, Some Handsome \ j°. 26 Ferns and Fern F.tchings \ 341 Ferns in the Ravines '. „' t67 February. Notes for 43 Fertilizers for tot Plants 121 Fig Orchard, A '.'.'.."".."'.. 222 Fifteen-mile Avenue. That ........"".... '.'. 144 Fibre Plant, A New '.'.'.'.'..'..".'..'.'.'.' 316 Filberts, English ....'.'.'.." " " 254 Firefly, To a (Poetry) '.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".".'.'."." 364 Flat Peach, The Chinese '. 1... 93 Flowers and Fruit ..'.'....'... 72 Flowers, Vases for ' !!..!." '.'. '.'.'.'. .'.'..'.'.'.* '.'.'.'. 74 Flowers tor the City Children ..".'.'. 86 Flower, A New 94 Flowers for Feed "......".'.... 157 Flowers, Our 101 Flowers for the Evening [." 316 Flowers in the School Yard 183 Flowers Compared, Eastern and California Wild 370 Flowers, Cultivate Choice 137 Flowers, California. 2*3 Flowers, Give Awav ". ".!'..'.'.. ..'. 219 Flower Hints from Indiana 141 Flower Pot. A Rustic 282 Flower G«rden, Choice Shrubs for the.' .".'..'.'. '. 261 Floriculture and the Studv ot Botany 1 Flowerinc stove Plants for Spring and Summer 92 Floral Exhibit. Mechanics' Fair 317 Fortunate Garden, A 31H Forage Plants, Some New 59 Forage Plant, A New 284 Foothills about Oakland ' . . 75 Fodder Tree. The ' ." 301 Four tains and Lilies 230 Foothill Homes ] 248 Fossil Botany, Strav Notes on ." 166 Forests, Atlantic and Pacific 17 Forests, Australian 298 Forests, Our Sierra \ 181 Friendly Letter, A .....:...... 78 Friends. To Our 50 Friends, One of Our 282 Frost 308 Fruit Culture, votes on 263 Fruit at Newcastle 372 Fruit, Koothill 344 Fruit, Thinning 1.V7 Fruit Trees, On Pruning 140 Fruit, Codlinn Moth in 254 Fruit Notes. Placer 254 Frui' Growers' Association, Newcastle 254 Fruit Dryt-rs, About 30k Fruit Gr. ves, Riverside 210 Fruit, Canned 2)4 Fruit in Australia ." 189 Fruit Trees Fruit Boxes Fruit. Thinning ot, etc Fruit Stains, Removing Fruit Notes, Short Fruit, Fresh Fruits, Small Fruits, Facts about 260, Fruits of Doubtful Hardiness, Some Fruits at State Fair, Seedling Fruiting Akebia Quinata Frit llaria Kurelini Frost, Injured bv Frost in Oakland Frost in Sacramento County, Effect of. Frost, Water as a Protection against Fragrant Hydrangea, Is there a Friend of Horticulture, A Frontispiece. Our 185,256, Future Possibilities of Horticulture Fuchsias, How to Grow Fuchsia, A New Fuchsias. How shall she Grow Full Stock, Keep a St. 271 271 125 121 222 255 271 332 157 918 316 157 157 98 41 295 3116 61) 280 168 17-s 157 148 5* Garden and Lawn Notes 83 Garden Talk, Roses and Shrubs 324 Garden, A Santa Barbara Rose 107 Garden, My Native Bulb 171 Garden, Choice Shrubs lor the 261 Garden, A Hill-top 275 Garden, From a Mountain 276 Garden, A Country 60 Garden, A Fortunate t 316 Garden, Nierembergias in the 316 Garden, A Colusa 317 Garden, A Wind-blown 218 Garden, The Place for a Botanic 53 Garden, A Census of Cambridge Botanical 365 Garden From the Brisbane Botanical 372 Garden, A Grass Valley 369 Gardens and Conservatories of California 336 Gardens. Wild 5 Gardens ii January 23 Garoens, Winter.... 321 Gardens, Piedmont School 220 Gardens, Sacramento 3i7 Gardens for Children 133 Gardens. Oakland and Alameda v 284 Gardens, A Dry Path for.. 91 Gardens, Novelties in the Kew 94 Gardens, California S hool 309 Gardens, Woodward's 102 Gardens, Botanical 161 Gardens, Trimmed versus UDtrimmed 59 Gardens, San Lorenzo 284 Gardens, Our ■ 367 Gardens. Clay Soils for 379 Gardens, Laying Out 373 Gardening, Alpine 27 Gardener, The Landscape in Gate, V Rustic 57 Georgia State Horticultural Society 283 Gift, A Munificent 122 Give Flowers Away 219 Ginger, Cultivation of 243 Ginger. Let us try Some 220 Gladioli 350 Gloxinia 126 Gnaphalium Leontopodium 122 Goat Island, Trees on 315 Good Beginning, A 16 Gophers 157 Golden Gate Park 121 Golden Cypress. Pryal's 27 Grafting Trees 367 Grape, Golden Queen 61 Ground. Cultivation of the 366 Grounds, Entrances to Large 58 Greenhouses, Fall Manasiment of 330 Greenhouse Notes for March 79 Greenhouse, An Amateur , 123 Grape, A Minnesota 124 Grape, A New 2*5 Grapes, Order of Ripening 285 Grape-vine Raspberry Swindle 78 Grape-keepintr Story, A 380 Grapes, Some Hardy 93 Grapes, Protecting.. 224 Grapes, Santa Criiz Mountain 981 Grapes, Cornichon 380 Grain in the Field, The 271 Grasses and Immortelles 279 Grounds, On the University ,283 Gra-s Vallev Conservatory, A.. 253 Grass Valley Garden. A. 369 Greenhouse I yeonodiums 29 Grasses, Nevada County Wild 316 Greenhouse Novelties 154 Guano, Fish 347 VI THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. Hall, Ferns for a Hardy Grapes Hardv Koses, H. B. Ellwanger on Hardiness, iSorae Fruits of Doubtful Hardiness of Japan Persimmon , Haricot Bean, Japanese Heath, New Cape Heart of the San Joaquin Hellchrysums Hedges, Roses for Hill Land, Value of Hillside Home, A Hilltop Garden, A Hints on Sowing Seeds Hints on Bouquet Mating... Hoy a Carnosa Hoya, Pruning of. Hotel. A Mountain • Hollyhocks in Winter Homes of Wealth Homes, Our Homes, Foothill Home for Roses Home Influences Homes, Shall It be a Land of Horticulture, Future Possibilities of Horticulture, The Growth of Horticulture, A Friend of. Horticulture as a Part of Education Horticulture at the East H orticul tural Works, Costly Horticultural Works Horticultural Society, Georgia State Horticultural Society, Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Northwestern Horticultural Society, The Proposed Horticultural Society, Transactions of Southern. Horticultural Society, The State Horticultural Society, Wanted a Horticultural Society, How shall we have a Horticultural Society, The Needed Horticultural Society, state Horticultural Society, The Northwestern Horticultural Society, San Mateo . Horticultural Friendships Horticulturist, The December Hutchison's N urseries Hydrangea Paniculata ; Hydrangea, Is there a Fragrant Hydrangea, The Climbing Hyacinths, Early 93 186 157 285 122 126 173 281 153 75 2H8 275 99 211 283 122 2*4 111 84 213 248 194 197 51 168 220 60 360 371 282 46 ,;82 , 380 245 246 157 213 , 376 379 377 340 346 123 29 306 122 , 59 Illustrations, Our 185, 216, 250, 309. .944 Immortelles and Grasses , . . 279 Innis'allen Roses 186 Increase of Gladioli 26 Injured by Frost 157 In rry GaTden (poetry) 79 Insecticide, Stockton.... 153 Insects, Mustard Water for 91 Insect. Another Orange 347 Insects, Injurious and Beneficial 196 Insect Pest, An 246 Influences, Home 197 Indiana, Letter from 303 Iron S urfaces, New Process for Protection of 250 Iris, Japan 57 Irrigation, Underground 218 Iri igation. Summer 224 Irrigation, Winter : 375 Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums, double flowered 286 J. Japan Persimmon, Treatment and Varieties of 97 Japanese Persimmon in Missouri. 121 Japan Persimmon, Will it Succeed in New York 186 Japan Persimmon, Hardiness of 285 Japan Persimmon, Drying of. 129 Japan Iris S7 Japan Quince, Seedling 89 Japan, Li ies of 225 Japan, Orchard Fruits in 154 Japanese Haricot Bean 122 Japanese Method of Packing Plants 60 Jasmine, Catalonian 317 January, Votes for 18 January, Gardens in 23 Jean De Witte Pear 28 Journeyings, Our Proposed. 119 K. Karatis Huraills 350 Keep a Full stock S9 Kern Valley Colony 59 Kpw Gardens, Novelties in 94 Kennedyt 17 Keith's Lat Picture 153 Kindness, A Mistaken, 148 Xi. Labor and Living 343 Lady Birds (Coecinellidaa) 348 Lselia Autumnalis for Winter Blooming 34 Landscape Gardener, The 117 Lawns, Criticisms on Roads and 361 Lawns, Treatment of 1 87 Lawn Trees , , 282 Lawn Making 378 Leaf Flavors 152 Leaf Curl 244 Leaves, Our Autumn 219 Leaves, Evaporation by 153 Le Conte Pear, The 349 Legend of the Marguerite 197 Lemons and Oranges in the Foothills about Oakland.. . . 75 Lemons, Grafting and Budding 77 Lime Juice 187 Liliorhiza Lanceolata and other Native Bulbs 289 LilyCulture 9 Lily Discussion. A Recent 27 Lilv, Mariposa vs. Pretty Grass 186 Lilies of Japan, The .-225 Lilies and Fountains 230 Lilies, Water 247 Lilies, One of Our .' 252 Lilies, Treatment of. 277 Lilies for Mine Reservoirs 281 Lilies in Mud Balls 60 Lilies and Pansies '. 315 Lilies of California, The 378 Lovelv Catalogue, A 187 Loquat.The Ill Lobelia Cardlnalis.. 114 Lobelia, Yellow 255 Lobelia, Scarlet, for Autumn Blooming 515 Lumber Supplies 187 Lycopodlums, Greenhouse 29 M. Magnolia Hypoleueca 285 Marguerite, The Legend of the 197 Maurandya, A Question about 17 Mammillaria Longimamma 28 Mahonia Aquifollum 155 Madame Laffay and other Roses 47 M aples, Japanese 378 Mariposa Lily versus Pretty Grass 186 Magnolia Halleana 126, 188 Manure tor Bulbs 148 Manure for Mulching 220 Mackaya Bella 358 Malcolmia Strigosa 126 Memories of the Sierras 234 Medlar Tree, A 254 Men who Carry Shears, The ... 118 Mechanics' Fair Floral Exhibit 327 Mesquite of Texas, The 365 Mignonette. Parson's New White 47 Mild Climate, A 55 Mildew on Roses 353 Mission San Jose Oranges 59 Mine Reservoirs, Lilies for 281 Minnesota Grape 124 Missouri, Japanese Persimmon in 121 Mines, A Story of the 215 Mistaken Kindness, A 148 Mixed up Roses 155 Milla Lelchtlini 94 Moth in Fru;t, The Codling 254 Moth, A Destructive 273 Moth, The Orgvia 274 Mountain Garden, From a 270 Mountain Hotel, A 284 Montbretia Pottsil 350 Mud Balls, Lilies in 59 M ulherry , The 224 Muscari.The 255 Munificent Gift, A 122 Mustard Water for Insects 91 ar. Natal, A Letter from 210 Native Plants for our Garden 196 Native Bulbs, Shrubs, ana Seeds, Hickman's List of 25 Native Plants, Seeds, and Bulbs, Collectors of. 27 Native Bulbs, Cultivation of 105 Native Bulb Garden, My 171 Native Willows, Our 3 Native Flowers and Ferns 60 Natural History Department, Our 56 Names. Why not Spell Correctly 1 1»8 Nemophilas, Our 14 Nemophilas 1 27 Ne w Q uince 155 Few Apricot 221 New Zealand, Trees of 289 New Zealand Woods, A Day In the 327 THE CALIFOKNIA HOBTICULTUKIST. vu New Zealand, A Bush Ramble In 357 Nevada Nursery, The 252 Newcastle Fruit Growers' Association 254 Nevada County Wild Grasses 316 Nlerenibergias in the Garden 316 Nice Plants, How to Have , 116 Niphobolus Heteractls 94 Novelties in Kew Gardens 94 Novelties, Buying 121 Novelties in Plants 158 Novelties lor the Greenhouse 154 North American Willows 91 Northwestern Horticultural Society 215 Notes from Sacramento and Solano 202 Nurserymen, Most Desirable Quality in 51 Nurserymen, A Warning to 23 Nurserymen, The Outlook for 278 Nurseries, Hutchison's 123 Nurseries, The Watsonville . 123 O. Oakland, Frost in , 36 Oakland and Alameda Gardens 284 Oaks, Let us Plant S3 Oak Shade Orchards 221 Ohia of the Sandwich Islands 61 Old Trouble, The • 147 Olive Culture i 326 Olive Planting 57 Olive Orchards in Spain 20 Olive Oil for Scale Bug i 123 Olive, The 76,156 Olives. California 58 Olives and Olive Cuttings i • 76 Oleander, A Large i 217 One of Our Friends 282 Orchard, A Fig 222 Orchard, A Fine Cherry 223 Orchard, A Renovated ...;...; 218 Orchard, Howwe Came to Have an 65 Orchard, A Californian 114 Orchard Fruits in Japan... 154 Orchards, Pleasant Valley 223 Orchards of California Fruit Growers' Association 218 Orchid Blocks 60 Orchids, Stanhopea Occulata and other 26 Oregon Crab (Pyrus Rivulasis) 110 Oregon Crab 61 OrgyiaMoth.... , , 274 Order in which Grapes Ripen 285 Orthocarpus, Analysis of. 208 Oranges, How to Bud 105 Orange Trees. Growing Interest in .. 224 Orange Insect, Another 347 Orange Groves, Disease in Florida i 379 Oranges, Mission San Jose 59 Oranges, Putah Creek 28 Oranges, Three Good , 124 Oranges and Lemons in Foothills about Oakland 75 Oranges, Budded versus Seedling , 92 Oranges and Olives in Oakland 349 Osage Orange Leaves for Silkworm 244 Our Private Chat ; i 373 Ourselves 120 Outlook for Nurserymen, The 278 P. Patience with Seeds 283 Palms, Collection of..... i 123 Palm, Carnauba * 255 Palm, Questions about Date i 78 Palm Trees, Concerning i 258 Palm Tree, Only a 219 Palmettoes ;...;.. , . 380 Paris Exposition, Conifers at the ... 33 Parson's New White Mignonette 47 Packing Plants, Japanese Method of. ......: 60 Paulonia, Rapid Growth of 372 Pavonia Makoyana 62 Pajonia Brownii : , 155 Pansy, Told by ; :...; 296 Pansies and Lilies 315 Pear, Beurre Colt ;. 216 Pear, Souvenir du Congres ;.. 61 Pear, Clapp's Favorite 42 Pear, Jean de Witte ;; 28 Pear, LeConte ; 349 Pear, Clapp's No. 22 t . 4.j; 1 122 Pears, Late '. ; 124 Pears, Sweet , , 253 Pears, Japanese 381 Peach, The Chinese Flat 93 Peach, Wood Ashes for > t..., 189 Peach Stock. Apricots on 274 Peach, Price's Early June , 124 Peach Curl, Prof. Burrillon 379 Peaches, New Early 222 Peaches, Seedling 2«5 Peaches at Riverside 381 Petite Prune D'Agen 157 Pentstemons 250 Pelargoniums, Double-flowered Ivy-leaved Pelargonl u ms, Diseased Perennial Phloxes Pecan Trees, Bearing Persimmons, Hardiness of Persimmons, Varieties of Japan Persimmons, The American Persimmons, Drying . Persimmons, Treatment and Varieties of.... 97, 121, 186, Petunia, The Phacelia Grandiflora . Phylloxera 12, Phv lloxera-proof Grapevines Pineapples, Canned Mexican Pin us Massoniana Pin us Insignia in England Plants, Novelties in Plants, New 255, Plants Received by Mail Plants Collected in 1878 Plants Near the Bay Plants, How to have Nice Plants for Rock-work Plants in England, American Plants for Christmas Gifts , .- Plants, Aquatic Plants Named PI an ts, Starch-producing Plant-sticks Plant, The Vanilla Planting, Coast Planting Avenues Pleasant Valley Orchards.... Placer Fruit Notes Plumbago Capensis In Large Grounds Plum, Coe's Late Red...., ;j Poplar, New .».. Poinciana Pulcherima Possi bilities, Conservatory Possibilities of Horticulture Pomological Society, American Premised Letter, A Protection of Iron Surfaces *.- Prunes, Names of j Prickly Comfrey Privet Trimming ;.. Primrose, A Blue Propagation of Centaureds ;.... Pruning .- Pruning Trees 140, Pruning Too Much Pruning of Hoyas Putah Creek Oranges t Range of Climate, Our.... Raspberry, Cuthbert t Raspberry, Drying the.... Raspberry, Thwack. . . Rats, To Drive Away Rainfall and Sun Spots .• Redwood in England, The Redwood, The Reservoirs, Lilies for Mine Renovated Orchard, A Removing Fruit Stains Remedy for Aphis, A < Remedy for Squash Bug, A , Remedy, A Much Desired Remedy, A Rose Slug ....... Remedy, Another Scale Bug iit Reviews — Pages 30, €2, 95, 127, 1S9, 190, 256, 286, 319, 350, Rhododendron Lepidotum Rice on the Tule Lands .• Rivina Humilis Riverside Fruit Groves, The Road Runner, The Roads and Lawns, Criticisms on Rock Plant, A Pretty Rock Work, List of Plants for j Rocks, Cacti on Roots of Plants in California Root Story, A Pretty Good Rose Garden, A Santa Barbara Rose, The Best White Rose, A Popular Tea Rose Trees on the Lawn Rose Carnival in Santa Barbara, The Rose, Clare Carnot .■ .. Rose and Cedar Rpse Slug Remedy, A Roses, Budding i Roses, Winter Blooming Roses in East Oakland Roses, New and Old Roses, Stock for Roses, Tea Scented \ Roses for Hedges Roses, Mixed up Roses, Stock for Roses, ThatFeast of. 286 27 26 222 289 91 155 129 285 126 132 155 380 381 S15 26 158 382 228 m 89 116 92 123 35S 302 17 18? 251 3lil 76 179 22a 251 26 3-i; 286 26 193 168 22* 78- 250 349 3 IS 283 29 2* 365 m 77 122 29 250 189 155 155 212 211 91 91 281 21S 121 275 276 216 314 57 383 21? 91 210 4* 361 364 92 219 296 250 wi 120 88 147 163 241 250 314 283 98 108 121 122 126 153 155 155 186 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. Roses, Mildew on 353 Roses Innisfallen, The '. 186 Roses, H. B. Ellwanger on Hardy 186 Roses, A Home for 194 Roses 211 Roses on their own Roots 315 Roses Again , Winter 44 Roses, Madame Laffay and other 47 Roses in California, Winter Blooming 10 Roses, Shrubs, and Garden Talk 324 Rustic Flower tot, A 282 Rustic Gate, A 57 Rustic Box, Making a 33' Rural Life, The Benefits of 243 S. State Horticultural Society 282, 308, 370 State for Sale, A 36 Strawberries in Placer County 8 Strawberries, Two ot the New 157 Strawberry Vines 157 Strawberry, Capt. Jack 254 Study of Botany and Floiiculture 1 Stuartia Pentagynia 61 Strelitzia Reginse 61 Street and Avenue Trees '31 Stings, Chapter on 115 Striped Squash Bug 242 Suggestiveness, Beauty ot 345 Summer House, A Eucalyptus. 317 Sun Spots and Ruin Fall 211 Sumach Crop, The Virginia 212 Summer Pruning. of Vines '. 217 Summer Irrigation . 221 Sydney and Melbourne Exhibition 348 Sacramento and Solano Notes 202 San Joaquin County, Blue Gums in 153 San Loreneo Gardens 284 Salvia Splendens 57 School-room, Flowers in the 347 School-yard, Flowers in the 183 School Gardens, California 309 Scale Bug and Thrip 45, 57 Scale Bug, Olive Ol for 123 Scarlet Avens, Double 62 Scientific Terms, Concerning 303 Scilla Fraseri.. ... 3 8 Seeds from Australia. 285 Seeds, Patience with 283 Seeds, Hints on Sowing 99 Seeds Offered, New 122 Seed-Saving Time 247 Seedling Peach Trees 20 Seedling Almond 318 Seedling Fruits at State Fair 318 Seedling Apples. Williamson's. 319 Seedling Peaches Shown 319 Seedling Fruit Committees 319 Seedling Japan Quince 89 Seedling Orange versus Budded 92 Seedling Peaches. 285 Seedling, The Sonoma 381 Sermon on a Postal 277 Sequoias, Dwarf. 122 Sequoias and their Sports. 172 Service Berry, The Dwarf 381 Shrubs, Mrs. Child's List of 259 Shrubs, Two Californian 40 Shrubs, How to Group 364 Shrubs for the Garden, Choice 261 Shaddock, A Large 92 Shade Trees for Street Planting 67 Shortia Glacifolia 190 Sierra Forests, Our 181 Sierras, Memories of the 234 Small Fruits 271 Small Farms as an Investment • 249 Smilax 47 Snails, Destruction of... 379 Snow, Thoughts in. 73 Some Plants and Trees worth Introducing 282 Soil for Double Primulas 364 Solanums, Ornamental 377 Souvenir de CongresPear....- 61 South Australia 251 Spain, Olive Orchards in 20 Sparrows 252 Spiraea. A Pigmy 364 S pring and S ummer Flowering Stove Plants 92 Squash Bug Remedy 276 Squash, The Bonnet 59 Starch-producing Plants 187 Stockton Insecticide 153 Stock for Roses 155 Story of the Mines, A '. 215 T. Taosonia Van Volxemi, Culture of 365 Tamarind Trees 218 Taro Plant 27 Tea scented Roses Tea Culture, A Damper on Tea Culture Again.. Tea Plants. Our Thinning Fruit 125, Theory and Practice Thwack Raspberry Thoughts in the Snow Thunbergia Harrissi Through tbe Northwesr. Counties , Tigridla Pavonia Grand illora Torenia Fournieri Tomatoes from Cuttings Told bv a Pansy Tornelia Fragrans Tricbostema Lao at urn Treatment of Lawns Treatment of Lilies Trees. Fruit Trees. Shade for Street Planting Tree*, Avenue Trees in School Yard Trees, Big Trees. Street and Avenue Trees, Selecting Avenue Trees of New Zealand Trees on Goat Island Trees from Splitting, To Prevent Trees in San Francisco Deciduous Trees Early, Plant Trees, Tamarind Tree, The Camphor Tree. The Medlar Tree, The Fodder. Tree, The History of a Tree, Unguided Planting Trees, Pruning Tree Brokers. The Tree Ferns for Outdoor Culture Tuberoses 207, Tule l ands. Rice on Tulio Mania. The Tuolumne Home. My. , Turkey, A Letter from 318 335 '57 116 155 73 26 3:13 158 126 255 296 •>77 29 187 277 271 67 1H9 347 114 231 240 2H9 315 318 378 376 218 245 •54 3ttl 354 15 172 313 379 257 217 379 362 180 University Grounds, On the 283 University of < California, Agricultural Department 240 'Underground Irrigation 218 V. Vainqner de Pnebla Fuschia 347 Vases for Flowers ■ 74 Vases, Some other Forms of 93 Value of Timely Protection 25 Vanilla Plant, The 301 Valley of Uuernavaca, The 322 Ventura, Notes from 1<8 Virginia Sumach Crop, The ... 212 Vinegar. Basil 246 Violet, New Species of 281 Vineyard. Mr. Blowers' 221 Vineyard, Briggs' 381 Vines, Strawberry 157 W. Walks, Ooal-aah 364 Warning to Our Nurserymen 23 Wash for Apple Tree Borers 285 Waterloo Peach, The 119 Watsonville Nurseries, The. 123 ^ater as a Protection against Frost 295 Wanted— A Horticultural Society 22 What is the Reason? 251 We are Condoled With 25 Weed Killing 368 White Rose. The Best 120 White Mignonette, Parson's New 47 Where our Hope Lies 55 WbitlaviaGrandiflora, Self-sown 26 Woodward's Gardens lt'2 Woolly Apple Tree Louse 93 Woolly Aphis Business, The 340 Wind-blown Garden 218 Wine Pest 255 Winter Apples, Late HO Wild Flowers Blooming in January 41 Wild Gardens 5 Winter Roses 10, 44, 98 Winter Gardens 321 Winter Irrigation 375 Wisteria Japonica 158 Willows, Basket 116 Willows, Our 27 Willows, North American 91 Worms, Destruction of Earth 379 Y. Yucca Filamentosa 283 FMrml Wag£ZiM@9 " Men come to build stately sooner then to gar de.i finely, as if gardening were the greater perfection. — Lord Bacon's Essays. Charles y. / > H I N N , r Y'OST JDFFICE ^.DDF^ESS NjLES, PAL, Original Articles. Floriculture and the Study of Botany. By Prof. £. W. Hilgard. i Our Native Willows By Dr. C. L. Anderson. 3 Wild Gardens By Jeanne C Carr. 5 Strawberries in Placer County By E. B. Silva. 8 Lily Culture By W. C. L. Drew. 9 Winter Blooming Roses in Cal By W. A. Pkyal. 10 The Phylloxera By W. A. Sanders. 12 Possibly a New Species of Darlingtonia Californica. (See Illustrated Frontispiece) By E. J. Hooper. 13 Our Nemophilas By J. B. Hickman. 14 Correspondence. Unguided Tree Planting John Ellis. 15 A Good Beginning R. S. 16 A Question about the Maurandya — Plants Named — Kennedya — Atlantic and Pacific Forests 17 Farm and Orchard. Notes for January By the Fditor. 18 Olive Orchards in Spain — Seedling Peach Trees 20 Editorial Department. To the Public — Better than Stocks 21 Wanted, A Horticultural Society 22 A Warning to Our Nurserymen — The Garden in Jan'y 23 The Value of timely Protection — A Few more of Our Plans — We are Condoled with — Hickman's List of Native Bulbs, Shrubs, and Seeds 25 DITOR. !<® Editorial Notes. Stanhopea Oculata, and other Orchids — Clerodendron Aromaticum — Some handsome r-erns — Poinciana Pulcherima — Thunbergia Harrissi — Cyanophyllum Magnificum — Pinus Insignis in England — Plumbago Capensis in Large Grounds — Perennial Phloxes — Increase of Glauioli — Self-sown Whitlavia Grandi- flora 26 Pryal's Golden Cypress — Nemophilas — Diseased Pel- argoniums— The Akebia Quinata — Alpine Garden- ing— A Recent Lily Discussion — < >ur Willows — The Collectors of Our Native Plants, Seeds, and Bulbs — The ' ' Taro " Plant 27 Pomological Notes. The Jean de Witte Pear — The Black Detroit Apple — Putah Creek Oranges 28 New and Desirable Plants. Aristolochia Trilobata — Mammillaria Longimamma — Daphne Blagayana — Asparagus Plumosus — A Klue Primrose — Hydrangea Paniculata — Trichostema Lanatum 29 Echeveria De Smetiana — Croton Disraeli — Abutilon Anna Crozy — Alocasia Bataviensis — Propagation of Centaurea Ragusina, Candidissima, Gymnocarpa, etc. — Discovery of Eucalyptus — Greenhouse Lyco- podiums 29 Reviews and Exchanges 30 Catalogues, etc., Received 31 Publishers' Notices 32 JOHN H. CARMANY & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, No. 409 Washington Street, San Francisco, Cal. .Jnteiifti Price, $2,50} Per Annum, in Advance. Single flnmlers, 25c,#J CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST AND IS A MONTH L Y PUBLICATION, Devoted to the Cultivation of Trees, Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables, 0 AND TO Landscape, Ornamental and Market Gardening. This is a Mag izine which has long been needed on the Pacific Coast, where climate and soil differ so widely from the older States. It has already established its success, and almost daily we are in receipt of complimentary letters from different sections of the country. We solicit Contributions and Communications from all parts of the State, and will always be ready to furnish such information as we are enabled to give within the field we occupy. Subscription price REDUCED now zo tf>2 50 per year, in advance. RATES O*' AiDYERTISING. One-Tenth of a page — 1 month § 1 50 1 year 15 00 1 month 3 00 lyear 25 00 1 month 6 00 6 months 25 00 lyear ........ t 50 00, One-Fifth One-Half One page 1 month $10 00 " " 3 months , 2.5 00 " " 6 months 45 00 " " 9 months ; 70 00 " " lyear 90 00 Outside Cover — 1 year 110 00 Inside. Cover — 1 year 100 00 We call the attention of advertisers to.oju *?ovirn&l as 6ne of tn*e best advertising mediums in the State. Our circulation throughout the entire- Fucifie Coast is1 rapidly increasing, and the superiority of our magazine is acknowledged everywhere. Our rates are much less than any similar publication in the United States, while the field we shall occupy is much larger. - Letters and Communications . "should b'e addressed to , JOHN H. CARMANY & CO., 409 Washington Street, Opposite Post-office, SAK FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS CO ESTABLISHED 1852. No. 6 California Street, San Francisco. ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF WIRE WORK FOR G-arclens, Conservatories , Hot - Houses, nSTiArsteiriesiS, Etc., Etc. t lower-Pot-Stands, for the Parlor and Drawing Room. Hanging Flower and Moss Baskets, for the Verandah and Sitting Room. Wire Fencing, Wire Borders, Arches, Summer-Blouses, Rose Trainers, Fountain Borders, Aviaries, Window Guards, Fenders, Screen Doors and Windows, Bird Cages, And a thousand other articles of Wire Woke, "too numerous to mention. 55^" Call and examine our stock and samples. All the street cars pass the door. Elevator in building. CALIFORNIA WIRE WORKS COMPANY. Darlingtonia Californica (California Pitcher Plant.) THE afiforiitii If orticultiirnjt FLORAL iMTAQ-AZIlSnE. Vol. IX. Sax Francisco, January, 1879. ]tfo. 1. Original Articles. PLOEIOULTUKE AND THE STUDY 01 BOTANY. By Prof. E. W. Hit.gard. University of California. Few of the many who cultivate flow- ers, realize how much greater would be their enjoyment of their nurselings, if they had even such rudimentary knowl- edge of the charming science of botany as id ay be acquired by any one by occasional readings in leisure hours. Nothing can be more absurd than the assertion sometimes made, that persons versed in science have, on that account, a less acute perception of the beautiful in the objects of their study. There are among scientists, as well as in all classes of persons, those to whom nature has denied the sense of the artistically beau- tiful ; just as there are persons who are color-blind, or deaf to the difference between a negro song and a symphony of Beethoven, on the whole perhaps pre- ferring the former. Yet even in the latter class, culture will often bring about a certain degree of good judg- ment, if not instinctive appreciation. But can any one imagine that a natural taste for music or painting could be spoiled by the scientific study of these arts? Yet that would be not a whit more preposterous than the supposition that the study of natural science can spoil, instead of cultivating, an inborn sense of the beautiful in nature or in art. What science really does for those possessing an appreciation of the beau- tiful, is to render its possessor conscious of the existence of many more beauties than those which appear to the uncult- ured eye. However impressive may be the sight of the starry heavens even to the savage, a star is to him no more than the glitter of so much tinsel ; and it is difficult to conceive how the knowl- edge that what we see in the firmament is a whole universe of rolling orbs and blazing suns, could possibly detract from the impression in civilized man. It is no less unimaginable that a famil- iarity with the wonderful variety and beauty of the structure of flowers should detract from the admiration for the beauty of their outward form and color, felt by any one who feels on the subject at all ; but it may nevertheless happen that the child whose first impulse is to get at the sawdust with which the new doll is stuffed, may grow up to delight in imagining what a beautiful skeleton his or her sweetheart would make. Such minds run in different channels from the bulk of mankind, yet, while in- THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. sensible to beauty of form, may be keen- ly alive to that of other kinds of har- mony; such are, however, "born, not made," by the study of science. " Beauty-blindness" is, I think, more rare with botanists than with those cul- tivating any other branch of natural science ; perhaps because it is generally the bright color and graceful forms of flowers that first attract to the study, and also because in its further pursuit, it is difficult to find anything that is in any proper sense ugly, even in the pros- ecution of that anatomy which, when applied to the animal kingdom, so often proves too much for the nerves of per- sons not otherwise very delicate. No such feeling can, even for a moment, overcome the vegetable anatomist. On the contrary, he is sometimes apt to for- get that when flowers or plants become very minute, others with eyes unaided and untrained can not see them as he does. Let no one, then, fear lest by the study of their structure, he should lose his appreciation of the artistic beauty of flowers ; but be assured that the en- joyment can thereby only be enhanced, in revealing a thousand beauties on every wayside, even where the uniniti- ated see none at all. It is the latter circumstance, among many other con- siderations, that renders botany a study so especially desirable for children ; both as a positive means of culture for their incpriring minds, in a direction in which they naturally tend, and as a wel- come and pleasant mode of keeping them out of a great deal of the mischief they get into merely from the want of something better to think of. But it is true that in order to make botany avail- able for this purpose, .its study must not be carried on in the unspeakably dry, wooden fashion which, not many years ago, made it the special abomin- ation of every young ladies' institute where a dozen "ologies" were taught, or supposed to be taught, in the course of one or two years. For aught I know ' ' Mrs. Green's Botany," and a few other treadmill productions of like style, may still be in course of infliction upon some of the unfortunate classes in remote districts. There was some excuse for this so long as the writing of elementary works was left to tyros and compilers ; but since men like Asa Gray have put their hands to the work of writing for children, the path to a reasonably ac- curate understanding of botany, as well as of most other branches of natural science, has become as practicable, and at least as pleasant to the young of all ages, a9 that well-trodden one leading to the " three r's." There is now no reason why the rudiments of these sci- ences should not be taught in their proper place — the primary department of the common schools — except the adverse practice handed down to us from past ages, and the lack of teachers properly trained both in the matter and the spirit of this kind of instruction. For whenever natural science — the out- growth of the study of objects — is at- tempted to be taught without the latter, from the book only, it becomes far more wearisome to the majority of learners than subjects like mathematics, which the pupil can in a measure "evolve from his internal consciousness." Although the consideration of in- creased enjoyment is the chief one that should lead lovers of flowers to the study of botany, there are a few practi- cal advantages that are worth consider- ing. A knowledge of vegetable physi- ology, of the natural relationship of plants, of their habits in their native climates, and of those climates them- selves, will enable the possessor to act more understandingly, and of course to THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. be more successful, in the culture of plants ; and this holds true of profes- sional gardeners and nurserymen no less than of amateurs. And since fashion has made its way even into churches, it is no wonder that it should from time to time, according to its caprices, pro- nounce certain flowers, or particular va- rieties, '• the thing," for which those 'who pretend to keep up with the times must pay any extravagant price that gardeners may choose to ask for the time being. "We need not go back in history as far as the "tulip mania" of the past century, when we have just now the mania which has for its ob- ject the magnilicent "velvet plant;" which although undistinguishable from, and altogether identical with, the com- mon mullein of pastures throughout the temperate zone, is now being assidu- ously bought and cultivated within plain view of its less fortunate sisters by the roadside, as the latest novelty and great acquisition for ornamental lawns. This is an example of the many annually re- curring cases in which a little knowl- edge of botany would enable the flori- culturist anxious to keep up with fash- ion to do so at a trifliug cost, instead of paying fancy prices for the latest novelty, named for some distinguished personage and described as rt very dis- tinct" on account of some new blotch or line on the petals, that may disappear again in the course of a single season. The mullein is certainly quite as hand- some as a great number of exotics now cultivated in conservatories with the greatest care, and exhibited to visitors with pride. It is scarcely necessary, however, to bring proof of the immense influence, exerted upon the current esti- mate of what is beautiful, not only by the fashion of the time, but especially by the real or supposed rarity of the object, or what is often called its in- trinsic merit, but is more often a purely fictitious factor. The very people who laugh at the physician's enjoyment of a "beautiful case" of cancer or gangrene, will exhibit on their parlor mantels " objets de vertu," of surpassing hide- ousness or insignificance, but which their knowledge or imagination invests with a beauty quite invisible to the gen- eral public. How much more real is the beauty that the botanist, with his eyes sharpen- ed by knowledge and magnifier, sees in what to many persons seem insignificant and uninteresting plants. Nor will he be likely to fall in, even for a moment, with that absurd snobbishness which leads even well-meaning persons to en- tertain, or at least express, a certain con- tempt for flowers designated as " com- mon" or" old "because they have been esteemed for their beauty from time im- memorial. Next to sincere religious feel- ing (properly so called) there is nothing that so effectually counteracts the tend- ency to succumb to the inanities of fashion, as the study of natural science. It at once transports the learner to a region where shoddy and shams can not possibly find a footing ; but where beauty, harmony, and unity, of intelli- gent purpose, amid endless variety of form and. adaptation, meet him at every step. ■» • — A PEW OF OUR NATIVE WILLOWS. By Db. C. L. Anderson, Santa Cruz, Cal. Some years ago, Prof, Asa Gray, the veteran botanist of the United States, gathered up all the willows of his Her- barium at Harvard University and sent them to M. S. Bebb, of Illinois, who had a willow garden — a " Salicetum," as he scientifically termed it. Mr. Bebb was making a study of the Salices, and had plants from many parts of the THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. world. American botanists began to rejoice that at last a competent man •would do a good service to botany, and make himself a well deserved reputa- tion in a difficult field. I was applied to for Californian species. That was more than six years ago. I made a pretty careful study of the willows of Santa Cruz and will give the readers of the Horticulturist the result of our work, so far as this locality is concerned. I fear Mr. Bebb has become dis- couraged. The task of arranging American species in a satisfactory man- ner is as yet unaccomplished. The willows are the "black sheep" of the botanist, and to be successful they must be studied at all seasons of growth. Herbarium specimens will not do, un- less selected as but few collectors ever select them. It is necessary to have the flowers, staminate and pistillate, in their different stages of growth. These are borne on different trees, giving the trees quite a different aspect during flowering and fruiting season. Then the leaves should show different stages of their growth, and the different ages of the plant make quite a change in the appearance of the leaf, so that leaves from young trees and old trees of the same species must be compared. Then after the botanist has all these, still he may be the more confused unless he has the growing plants before his eyes. So that Mr. Bebb's plan of a willow garden was a good one. I tried to en- courage the starting of one at our Uni- versity, and sent about fifty species for trial. Nearly all have perished between squirrels, drought, and want of proper care and place to rear them. But the willow is a beautiful tree, and many species are quite ornamental. Their uses are numerous and valuable. Thev are easy of cultivation, and yet we know less about them than almost any other tree. There is no garden in America (except Mr. Bebb's) where they can be studied and compared. Kew Herbarium, in England, is the only place where American types of the wil- low can be found. I should be glad to see an interest excited in California in willows. We have some very handsome indigenous species. Growing in the vicinity of Santa Cruz we have five species, as fol- lows : 1. Salix Bigelowh, Torr. — "Bigelow's Willow,'' most common species in Cali- fornia. Grows 10 to 50 feet high, gen- erally along streams and river bottoms; leaves are spatulate, glossy green on top, pale glaucous underneath, spar- ingly toothed on edges, with the margin wavy. The young branches make good basket-ware. It flowers from January to June. It does not correspond well with Bigelow's Willow, but for the present must bear that name. 2. Salix Lasiandra, Benth. — This, in thrifty trees, has long tapering leaves, nearly the same shade of green on both sides, evenly and sharply serrate. It is found in some localities with No. 1. In somewhat impoverished trees it has long slender branches, and drooping, somewhat like the weeping willow. It has several names — S. lucida, S. pen- tanora, and a number of varieties. Cor- responds with the "Shining Willow" of the Atlantic States. 3. Salix Laevigata, Bebb. — This seems to be a new species, and a beautiful willow too. The leaves are smooth and shining, finely serrate with sharp point, not tapering, glaucous under- neath, beautifully veined. The tree grows 10 to 50 feet high with a pyra- midal aspect when young. Resembles a cherry tree somewhat. The flowers (catkins) are pale yellow, long and THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. slender; blooms in June, and flowers remain on the tree for two or three months. Found with Nos. 1 and 2. 4. Salix Sitchensis, Bongard. — This is the Sitka willow, found sjjaringly at Santa Cruz, perhaps its southern limit. Beautifully lined with white velvet on the under side of the leaves — the upper side is dark green, evenly veined, with scarcely a trace of velvet except on the midrib. The tree, 5 to 15 feet high, has a reclining aspect, and grows in wet places near the edge of and bending over streams. Over the bay at Mon- terey is found Salix Coulteri which re- sembles the Sitka willow in the velvet appearance of its leaves, but it is a dif- ferent species, and very pretty. 5. Salix Brachystachys, Benth. — A veiw interesting little tree on our brushy hill and mountain sides, seldom coming down to the bottom lands. In Febru- ary the male flowers light up the hill- sides, with their short woolly catkins, in a glow of white splendor. But the female flowers, larger and coarse, do not appear until late in May. The leaves are in shape like S. Bigelowii, but are lined underneath with a thin coat of fine hairs which turn rusty brown as they become old. "When the second volume of our Cali- fornia botany is published we hope, through the perseverance of Mr. Bebb and others, to see the willows of our State brought into a more satisfactory system, so that our local botanists and horticulturists may understand each other better when talking of this useful and beautiful genus of plants. WILD GAEDENS. By Jeanne C. Carr, Sacramento, Cal. No effect of the landscape gardener's skill, even where, as with us, the re- sources of many lands and climates may be made tributary to it, can equal the beauty of Nature's Wild Gardens. I have come upon them unawares, in wild walks among the Green Mountains of Vermont, in deep fringes of timber wThich skirt the lakes and lakelets of the great northwest, among the alpine meadows of the Sierra Nevadas, and al- ways with the feeling that finer than mortal spirits must tend them and keep them; always to find myself wishing, as Ruskin said of the mosses, that there were words "delicate enough, pure enough," to convey a sense of their beautj7 to those who can not experience their sweet surprises. I well remember a June afternoon in a Berkshire forest. A mountain wood lot had been devoted to the axe, and I was permitted to go with my grand- father and the wood-cutters, who were laying out a road, and marking the tall trees along its borders. There were great oaks, beeches, hickories, wild cherry and sweet birch trees, tulip and sassafras, hemlock and pine timber on the northern slopes ; higher up were black and white spruces, and the very summits were adorned with the "Fraser Pine," (Abies Fraseri) whose perfumed cones made a part of our summer fur- nishing. » I shall always remember that as a spir- itual birthday, for I found Calypso and and her relative, the moccasin flower, and was initiated into the secret of which Emerson speaks in "Forbearance :" " Hast thou named all the birds without a gun, Loved the wild rose and left it on its stalk, And loved so well a high behavior In man or maid, that thou from speech refrained, Nobility more nobly to repay ? 0, be my friend, and teach me to be thine ? " How fresh were the scented pastures through which we passed, where sweet fern and laurel made a tangled under- growth; how solemn the deep woods seemed when I was left to wander at THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. will, bidden only to keep within sound of the axes. The moccasin is never a social plant. In the woods when they are most abund- ant, each seems to retire into privacy, and my first moccasin, standing in a shaded seclusion, was more distinctly individualized than any human person I ever met. As I never should think of pulling the hair of a lovely lady seen for the first time, I was unperverted enough not to lay violent hands upon these refined wood creatures ; so, rever- encing my moccasin, I drew near and, without touching it, noted the rich green leaves lying prone upon the carpet of pine needles, as if listening to the pulses of the great mother's heart ; observed the fine erectness of the scape, the veined nectary with its transparent "ears to hear." Suddenly a subtle odor, more exquisite than the breath of our Californian dog-rose, mingled with the breath of wintergreen and pine. I pushed through the matted hemlocks, and stood in a silent company of incense bearers, surprised in the performance of their beautiful rites. All over the forest floor was spread a thick carpet of Lin- ncea borealis in perfect prime. Myriads of tiny roseate bells were shedding their faint perfume, and in the midst stood a great bush of wild azalea, one mass of rose purple, tender and transparent as a summer cloud, yet substantial as beauty and truth and love are in a world of shadows. And over all this blended harmony of fragrance and color, hung a canopy of the white dogwood. Im- agine this picture framed in the green feathery circle of hemlock trees, and you will see with the mind's eye such a wild garden as may still be found in Maine, in the Adirondacks, and among the Alleghanies. I can not stop to tell how heaven re- peats itself upon the prairie floor in blue of violets (viola pedata), or in our Sierras, when fields of tiny gentians cover the thin new soil, for all this re- membrance is temporarily burned up in a desire to explore the wild gardens of New Guinea. I have lately been reading Captain Lawson's book for the third time, and a new world of beauty, new conquests for science, for horticulture, for landscape art, seem rising to my view. Describing the Papuan Ghauts, he says: "Although trees were scarce here, herbage and plants were plenti- ful, even to luxuriance, bushes and shrubs formed impenetrable thickets, and the multitude and beauty of their flowers I can not attempt to describe. Lilies of three different kinds, red, white and yellow, were very abundant at a height of from fifteen hundred to two thousand feet. Daisies, similar to those which grow in our English meadows, but as large as sunflowers, were very common. They were crimson tip- ped, but not very modest, seeing they lifted their heads to a height of eighteen inches." One could well afford to spare the " Daisies," so unmindful of their class- ical proportions, but now comes a de- scription which fascinates in every line : "But by far the most beautiful flower I saw here was one borne by a bulbous plant. It was the shape of a narcissus, nine inches in diameter, and of a lily- white color, spotted with deep crimson. It gave forth a delightful odor, which was so powerful that one's hands would retain the perfume of it for hours after the plant had been handled. The leaves were six or seven feet in length and one in breadth, and so tough that I found it impossible to break one of them in two. There were from thirty to fifty flowers on each plant, but seldom more than one flower at a time, thousrh there might be several buds in THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. various stages of growth. The bulb was as large as a man's head, the height of the plaut was nine to ten feet, the flower standing several feet above the leaves. Clustering round the foot of the flower stalk, among the leaves, was a large quantity of soft white down, which I have proved by an actual com- parison to be of the same kind as that used by the bird of paradise to line its nest ; so that if this bird does not actually alight upon the ground it comes within a few feet of it." We have seen Japan lilies, "spotted with deep crimson," and can believe in this unseen beauty ; we have also seen the southern mountains when the Span- ish bayonet, also a liliaceous plant, sent up its glorious shafts of bloom ; we know the tough fibre of New Zealand flax, another of the family ; we have "considered the lilies "for more than forty years, and now comes this new wonderful discovery of the lily of lilies, the latest found, apparently possessing all the uses and all the beauties of this high - born family. "When we have a lily garden, from this as a centre, lines of lilies shall radiate — tiger lilies — the lily without which no garden is worthy of name, viz: that which the angel bore in the Annunciation: the "Washington lily; Bloomer's lilium pardalium; lilies of Palestine; the sweet white lilium longifolium ; fragrant lilies of Japan ; the "meadow lily" of the Eastern States ; and, tipping the outermost rays, there shall be golden points of our calochortus, and pure blue of leu- bertia, with delicate shading of cyclo- bothea cerulea. All these fair and fragrant treasures of old and new lands, take kindly to California sun and soil. Not only in describing the under- growth of papua does Captain Lawson stimulate our imagination, but in his description of the trees he gives us new worlds to concpaer. He says gf the "wallah " tree: " I should say it is the tallest tree in the world. One specimen that I measured was three hundred and thirty-seven feet in height, another three hundred and twelve, a third two hundred and ninety-eight. The diame- ters of these trees were twenty-two feet, twenty-five feet nine inches, and nine- teen feet eleven inches, respectively. To describe the impression produced upon me by these enormous trees is im- possible. I was astounded at their magnitude, made still more impressive by their elm-like growth. They were literally alive with parrots and other birds, which were effectually protected by their height from any weapons used by the natives." The wallahs produce edible nuts, which the natives roast as we do chest- nuts, nuts ripening in September and January; but the glory of the trees is their clusters of scarlet or orange-yellow flowers. " The ground under the trees is often seen covered with these, which the parrots bite off in the same manner that they do the nuts." In that most charming of Canon Kingsley's books, " Christmas in the West Indies," we have not a glimpse, but a rare word-painting of the Wild Gardens of Jamaica. Miss Bird is al- most as happy in her descriptions of the " ferneries of the Sandwich and Society Islands." Out of all the unclaimed riches of wild nature we have apparently gath- ered only a few fragments. We know only a tithe of the varied uses and adap- tations of the vegetable world to the comfort and happiness of man. A few of the earlier pioneers of California have devoted a part of their wealth to the encouragement of experiments in new cultures, and have not forgotten the wild plants. At General Bidwell's 8 THE CALIFOENIA HORTICULTURIST. and Col. Hollister's one may find hints of wild gardens in canopies of wild grape, and thickets of ceanothus trees, but for the most part our planting is as far from nature, as meaningless, as empty of suggestion, as a vitiated taste can make it. The storm tossed cypresses of Mon- terey mingle their music with the sol- emn diapason of the sea, but those green pyramids along our streets named by their name are voiceless, shorn of all beauty, without freedom even to shake the dust of the streets from their maimed branches. The study of wild gardens is recommended as a means of correcting and removing those melan- choly proofs of depraved taste, as well as for their higher uses in typifying the imperishable beauty of the life which eye hath not seen. STEAWBEEEIES IN THE EOOTHILLS OE ELAOEE COUNTY, By E. B. Silya, Newcastle, Cal. Although the strawberry is not nearly so extensively cultivated as in Santa Clara, Sacramento, and other valley counties, the berry -growing interest here is not a small one, and the area under cultivation is being rapidly increased. The unevenness of the ground, with its many hills and gulch- es, offer obstacles to the cultivation of this fruit, in making irrigation difficult, and without frequent and thorough ir- rigation the strawberry will not thrive. "When level land can be obtained, it is preferable for strawberry growing, but level land in the foothills is not plenti- ful in tracts of any size; so we plant on the hillsides, and irrigate by ditches, dug above each row. The hill system of cultivation is inva- riably practiced here, and I believe is generally practiced throughout the State. Care should be exercised in the selection of plants; they should be strong and stocky, and, if planted early and well taken care of, some varieties will produce quite a crop the first sea- son. Manure should be used liberally, and the beds kept free from weeds and run- ners. In the selection of varieties for market, the first consideration with the grower is productiveness; next, size; third, carrying qualities; fourth, color; and, lastly, flavor. The consumer wants a large, sound, well-colored berry when he goes to market, and if he gets all this and finds, when the fruit is brought on the table, that these requirements have been filled at the expense of a loss of the delicious flavor found in many of the ud assuming varieties, he has only himself to blame. The eye should not be entirely depended upon in purchas- ing fruits. In nearly all cases, great size is obtained at the expense of flavor. In the "Monarch of the West," great size is obtained, color is sacrificed, and flavor retained. The "President Wilder " is nearly perfect, as far as the berry alone is concerned. It is large, firm, richly colored, and of the very best flavor; in favored localities it is productive and profitable. There is no fruit in which locality makes such a great difference as in the strawberry. Some varieties do well in almost any kind of soil, and under any mode of cultivation; others will only succeed in certain kinds of soil, and with the best of culture. New varieties are constantly having their claims for superiority advanced; and, though but few of these varieties "come to stay," the desirable ones are taking the place of the familiar kinds. When we look back a few years, and think of long rows of "Long worth's Prolific," burdened with their large, THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. scarlet berries, it seems as if we bad lost an old friend, and one whose place, as a market berry for tbis section, bas not been quite filled since. Altbougb tbe first crop of tbe "Longworth" lacked flavor, still it was of good size, and its brigbt color and good shipping qualities made it as desirable for market as its productiveness made it profitable to tbe grower. Tbis bas been for many years tbe standard variety in tbis State, but bas so degenerated that it is being rapidly superseded by newer varieties. " Agriculturist " did very well for a short time, but is seldom seen now. There is no handsomer berry than the "Jucunda;" the fruit is enormous, bright-colored and firm; as a market berry it has no rival. Our soil is too light for this variety; it requires rich, heavy soil, and needs frequent renew- ing. "Triomphe de Gand" is a fine market berry, being large, productive, and a good shipper; but it also needs heavier soil than we have here. "Wilson's Albany" is a very heavy bearer, of medium sized berries, and is perhaps more generally cultivated throughout the Eastern States than any other variety. The " Monarch of the West'' is now our leading berry, and it is held in high favor by all who have tried it; fruit of the largest size, averag- ing larger than any other variety in our collection. In color it is a little too pale; but the flavor is as good as is re- quired. The vine is a strong grower, and productive. Vines set out nearly five years ago are now as vigorous as they were the second spring after planting. " Seth Boyden"is a valua- ble variety, very large, firm and well colored. "Charles Downing" is one of the best for home use; it is large, of good flavor, and productive, but is too soft for market. " Star of the West" does not appear to meet with much favor in the, East; but if it does as well with us another season as it did last, we shall not hesi- tate to recommend it. It ripened very early, and the berries were plentiful, and averaged large throughout. Among the newer varieties, not yet tested in this State, is the " Crescent Seedling." It comes to us with many testimonials from reliable nurserymen. It is claimed that it has produced, under ordinary cultivation, at the rate of fifteen thou- sand quarts per acre. " Miner's Great Prolific " is a variety of great promise, combining many qualities in one va- riety. v "Great American" will doubtless prove a source of great disappointment to many growers, although, with ex- traordinary culture, it is of immense size (Mr. E. P. Roe states that he saw a "Great American" berry fourteen inches in circumference!); when such culture is wanting, it is apt to fail. " Duchesse," " Prouty's Seedling," "Duncan," "Cumberland Triumph," " Cinderella," " Continental," " Presi- dent Lincoln,'' " Sharpless," and a host of others have had their virtues highly extolled; it will take some time to thoroughly prove them. California nurserymen and fruit growers are pro- gressive, and when a fruit proves worthy, its light will not remain long hidden under a bushel. A few dollars expended in the purchase and trial of new varieties of fruits will often amply repay the experimenter. LILT OULTUKE. By W. C. L. Deew, El Dorado, Cal. The beautiful family of lilies has never become popular in California, owing principally to the non-success of the few who have attempted their cul- tivation. During the last two or three 10 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. summers no bed in our gardens has given as much entire satisfaction as our lily bed, containing some one hundred bulbs. Much of this non- success in the cultivation of lilies arises from "working in" too much fresh manure, which has come in contact with the bulbs, and cause^ them to decay. Manure of any description causes more or less decay in lily bulbs when they come in contact with it. If the following directions are heeded, it will save much vexation and loss in your lily beds. Select for the bed as high a situation as convenient; it must be situated so water will not lie on it or no success can be looked for. Having selected and made the bed, dig it thoroughly. The soil should be a moderately rich loam. Use no manures or fertilizers whatever. After having well pulver- ized the soil, smooth the surface and plant your bulbs, planting none, how- ever small, less than six inches deep, setting large bulbs proportionately deeper. You can plant them at any distance apart, but they should never be set closer than one foot each way. Having planted the bulbs and smoothed the bed, leave them alone, only removing weeds when necessary. Give the bed three good soakings dur- ing the summer, about the first of June, July and August; no further wa- tering will be required, in fact, would be absolutely injurious. Having once planted the bulbs, do not touch them for four or five years. In this way, and this way only, can you look for success in lily culture. The bulbs should be planted in November or December. Many of the bulbs will make very little growth the following season after removal, but the second season you will be regaled with their beautiful blossoms. Every year they will grow handsomer. After being in the ground four or five years, they will make a most wonderful growth. Such is the treatment given our lily bed, and with good success, after hav- ing failed in the usual and popular way of. planting in highly manured and fre- quently watered beds. WItfTEK BLOOMING EOSES IS 0ALI- FOENIA. By W. A. Pbtal, Oakland, Cal. No garden in California below the 39° should be without its Winter Blooming Roses. Even north of this latitude, with judicious management, they may be made to exhale sweet in- cense on the "chilly eve." Nothing can give the amateur or professional florist greater pleasure than to behold a bed, or even a single plant, of these winter roses in all their glory during the days that are " dark and cold and dreary." No work on floriculture that we are acquainted with gives directions for the treatment of winter blooming roses in the open border, which are applicable to our climate. To have roses in bloom in Oreat Britain and the. Eastern States during the winter months, con- siderable labor attends their culture, and then they have to be grown in pots and under cover. It is different in California, and the many varieties that bloom and flourish are nearly all wor- thy of a trial. As we have said, many varieties can be grown with success. It may be asked, "What are the best?" This we will not undertake to fully an- swer; but giving the names of the very best we are acquainted with from expe- rience will be of more use to those who contemplate the planting of this class of roses, than if pages of discussion and treatment were written on the sub- THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 11 ject by persons who have not grown them in this State. In this we will give not only the treatment, but also a short description of the roses men- tioned. The White Daily gives more flowers during the winter than any other rose, and is a favorite with all amateurs. Isa- bella Sprunt is an exceedingly vigorous grower and profuse bloomer; the rose is of a clear, delicate canary color, ex- quisite in bud, and for this it is consid- ered one of the best. Hermosa is de- serving of a place in a collection, being a free grower and good bloomer; color, pale rose. For a hardy rose and one that is highly prized for its buds, Bon Silene should not be left out under any circumstances. Of late it is attracting attention as a tea rose, having the de- licious odor of that class. The color is peculiarly bright, but of a shade diffi- cult to describe; a blending of purple and carmine with the slightest shade of orange. Agrippina, of a bright crim- son, is the best of the red roses. Pau- line is also a good red one. It would be hard to dispense with the bright buff bud of Safrano, a very handsome and showy grower, and a fine bloomer. Madame J. Ross Browne will prove a valuable rose on account of the beauti- ful white buds and good foliage. It is a tea, and was raised by a nurseryman of this county who has also originated several valuable trees and plants. The white tea rose, Bella, is doubtless one of the best tea-scented roses in cultiva- tion, and is exceedingly valuable for white rose buds during the winter months. Madame Le Fay is a good one, as is also La Marque, which is a beautiful, pale, yellowish white rose, very large and full, of a delightful fragrance, of a climbing habit, and blooming in clusters. Some plants of this variety have reached giant pro- portions, as for instance the one at Santa Rosa, and another at San Jose. Solfatare is a Noisette rose, of a clear sulphur yellow, fine bud, full and sweet, and a free bloomer; adapted for pillars. La Pactole is an extra rose of a canary color. With tlwe above twelve varieties, a constant supply of roses can be cut every day during the winter. When healthy plants of good kinds are pro- cured, the treatment will be simple. When the buds of the last crop of roses make their appearance in the summer, pinch them off and trim all weak branches, allowing only sufficient to give the plants a good form. Six to twelve inches is long enough for side branches of hybrid perpetuals, grown as standards or half standards. As a rule, the weaker the shoot is the more it should be pruned; but for the Tea, Noisettes, and Bourbons, there is little danger of trimming too severely, for it is the young shoots that produce the flowers, and the more vigorous these are, the more abundant will be the bloom. If the plants are pruned after each crop of flowers, no trouble will be experienced in keeping up a con- stant supply for winter or summer. For a bed of winter roses, choose a spot that will be somewhat dry during the summer, and that can be watered artificially late in the autumn, should no rain fall by that time. Old and fine manure worked in the soil, provided that it is not too rank, will produce as- tonishing results in the way of an abun- dance of buds. In a heavy and com- pact soil, roses do better than in one that is light, containing much sand and vegetable mold. When once started into growth they need plenty of water. Of late years, the mildew has been very injurious to growth of winter blooming- roses in some localities. Few 12 THE CALIFOKNIA HOETICULTUEIST. buds have expanded on account of it. Some varieties, as Isabella Sprunt, Bon Silene, La Pactole, and La Marque, are free from it. By having the soil in good condition and so well fertilized that a rapid and thrifty growth will be made, little fear may be expected from this disease. THE PHYLLOXEEA. By W. A. Sandees, Fresno City, Cal. The name phylloxera comes from two Greek words, and means " parched leaf,'' from the insect causing them to have a withered appearance. These insects are intermediate between plant lice {aphides) and bark lice (coccis), be- ing somewhat more nearly related to the former. There are nearly twenty species of them, inhabiting the leaves of different plants and trees, most nota- bly those of the oak and hickory; but none of them possess interest from af- fecting any human industry except the phylloxera veslatrix, which is but little known, though widely talked about, from its ravages on grape vines. The first appearance is usually in the form of galls on the under side of the leaves. On opening one of these galls we find the insect one-twentieth of an inch long and about half as broad, of a dull orange color, and looking like a small, oblong, flattened seed of German millet. She is depositing eggs inside of the gall, apparently about one-eighth of the size of her body. These eggs hatch when about a week old, and the active young lice quickly find their way to the more tender leaves of the plant, where they form galls and increase in the same manner. Several generations are thus produced in a summer — a countless number from a single mother. They do comparatively little damage while inhabiting the leaves, but when autumn comes — when there are no more tender leaves on which to carry on their work — they follow the stem down into the ground, and hybernate upon the roots. They do this in a larva state. "When the vine again starts into growth in the spring, this larva casts off its skin, becomes active, and soon begins to lay eggs. These eggs, strangely enough, produce part winged insects. These rise into the air, and fly away to other vineyards to carry the devastation to new localities. Doubt- less other layings of eggs besides those of the hybernating insects, produce the winged kind, but I have never seen them except in spring. I have found phylloxera in many vineyards where their presence was not suspected. They do but little damage till the third year. By that time they have caused a general decay of the roots of the vines first attacked, and have left them for more healthy vines, so that the only way where their pres- ence is suspected is to examine both diseased and healthy vines, unless the leaf galls at once determine their pres- entee. Remedies. — The sure remedy is water. Tou must be able to flood your vineyard and keep it under water at will during any part of the wiuter. Auxiliary to this is a loose, fine, sedimentary, but not too sandy soil. In the vineyards near Dijon, Eastern France, in 1872, I saw them bringing fine, sedimentary earth from great distances, and putting it a foot or more in depth around the vines, from which they had removed'the heavy clayey soil of the vineyard. A better remedy, however, is to plant the roots of " phylloxera-proof "vines on which to graft. With this view I am now experimenting with the Ives, Hartford, and some others. A vine, to be proof against its ravages, must have THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 13 abundant, thick spreading roots of firm texture. The bark must be thick and firm, and the vine must be of active growth, pushing new spongioles rapidly in all directions. Any vine combining these qualities will make a good stock on which to graft. There is one problem in this connec- tion, however, that I have not solved. That is: How will grafting on roots so different from their own affect the fruit of our finest grapes ? Whether my delicate, luscious, seedless white Cor- inths, for instance, will still be seed- less and retain their delicious flavor, and many other good qualities, or whether they will deteriorate, are ques- tions which only time, observation and experience can answer. These are some of the thoughts that five years of observation on the phyl- loxera have developed. Five years ago I discovered them among my vines. Since that time I have neither sold, given away, nor allowed a cutting or vine to be carried off from my premises. But I have now most positively estab- lished the fact that cuttings can be sent out without any danger of transmitting phylloxera. But beware of rooted vines; as it is through the shipping of them that the pest has been so widely disseminated. POSSIBLY A NEW SPECIES OF DAE- LINGTGNIA OALIFOENIOA. By E. J. Hooper, San Francisco, Cal. Our colored plate represents a re- markable specimen of Darlingtonia (or pitcher plant) which was found on Black Hawk Creek, in Sierra County. It pre- sents a marked variation from plants of that family heretofore described. Mr. Lemmon says: "Upon compar- ison of the flower-scapes, found plenti- fully at the place of growth, they were seen to differ essentially from any illus- trations of the plant ever noticed by the writer. The Scientific Press, some time ago, represented the flower as about 12 inches high at maturity ; in the patch of Darlingtonias from which our specimen was taken the flowers reach an average height of 40 inches. Newberry's Report on the Darlingtonia, which I examined in Prof. Bolander's library, represents the bracts upon the scape as increasing in number and size near the blossom, and finally blending with the floral envelope. "With this the illustration given in the American Agri- culturist agrees. Now, our party on Black Hawk Creek examined hundreds of scapes, finding each without a vestige of a bract nearer than 2h inches from the flower. The stigma of Darlingtonia is de- scribed as a circular coronet, sessile upon the pericarp. In our specimen it is distinctly pentangular, and a little elevated upon a style. Other differ- ences, not structural, were observed which would imply a new variety, al-. though more study will be required to decide that point. The Darlingtonia is a singular and beautiful plant, the only species known to science growing on this coast. Bot- anists find constant study in the inflated petiole, vaulted and armed inside with stiff hairs pointing downward, and in the saccharine substance secreted from the hood of the petiole to allure un- wary flies. Gardeners, also, find it a great trouble ; from lack of the needed cold it has failed at Woodward's Gar- dens, while at Oakland and the Univer- sity failures are also reported. F. A. Miller sent plants to Washington and South Amboy, receiving word later that they were flourishing. If it has been grown elsewhere it can surely be grown here. I have transplanted some roots to 14 THE CALIFOKNIA HORTICULTURIST. a similar locality to their native one, and propose, if they prove healthy, to intro- duce them elsewhere. About twenty species of the Nepen- thes, or Pitcher plants, are known, most of them natives of the Indian Archipel- ago. The strange foliaceous organs in this genus, with the remarkable termin- al pitcher-like appendages, have given rise to discussions among botanists as to what part is petiole, and what is blade. It was stated that the hood part was the petiole, and the so called "lid" the true lamina. Hooker's re- cent investigations have, however, con- firmed the views of Griffith, that the basal part is the lamina, tapering down- ward into the stalk, and that the pitcher- like appendage is a modification of the prolonged midrib of the leaf. The size and shape of the pitcher dif- fers in different species. Dr. Hooker describes one species from Borneo, in which the blade is 18 inches long, and 7 inches wide, the tendril extending 20 inches, and the terminal pitcher 12 inches long by 6 inches wide, with two fringed wings in front. QUE tfEMOPHILAS. By J. B. Hickman, San Juan, San Benito Co., Cal. We emphasize the our, for of all the smiling features of springtime none are brighter or more characteristic than our Neniophilas, and of the half score varie- ties under cultivation, I believe all, with perhaps one exception, are natives of California. I presume somewhere, in the time to come, when our State shall be filled with homes, the name Nemophila will be as much a household word as the primrose, pansy, daffodil and forget- me-not. We, as well as other people, are too prone to seek novelties in our gardening, forgetting alike the beauties of our land and what should be ties to bind us to it; we need that love of our land and its flowers that we see exhib- ited by the Scotchman with his thistle, the Irishman with his shamrock and daisy, or the Englishman with his prim- rose. Nemophila (love grove) is almost a misnomer, for some of its species, as with two exceptions, they seem to pre- fer the open, sunny glade to the shade of the grove, although they will adapt themselves to nearly every variety of situation. Presenting, as the varieties do, so many combinations of white, blue, purple, and almost black, I can imagine no more beautiful conception of the poetry of light and motion than can be gained by watching the spark- ling changes of a mass of blue and white nemophilas on a sunny slope as a brisk breeze sways them in its moods. Gardeners have long cultivated the brighter varieties, but there is one spe- cies, Nemophila aurita, that is a perfect gem for that poorly-filled, shady corner existing in so many gardens, particu- larly in cities. Its growth is rapid, its foliage soon covering a large space, to be in turn hidden by its myriad pur- ple flowers. In a cool, moist situation, it blooms nearly all the year, and as it climbs on any shrubby support, by means of the hooks on its stems, it can be made of good use to hide unsightly objects. A Peony root now 70 years old is re- ported to be growing at South Manches- ter, Connecticut, which this season promised a full crop of blossoms. Now- a-days this old and favorite flower, the compeer of the lilac and other rural blooms, has given place to the more modern system of adornment. Never- theless it should find a place in every garden. There are many lovely varieties of this old time favorite. THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 15 Correspondence. [The editor of the CALIFORNIA Horticulturist cordially invites all persons interested in any branch of horticulture to send practical questions and notes of their own successes and failures. A brief, una- dorned statement of events in one little garden may often prove of universal interest. Short notes from busy people, all over the Coast, will make this Department fresh and valuable.] UNGUIDED TREE PLANTING. Editor Horticulturist — Sir: A few words on the subject of trees for shade and ornament, and the proper kinds to select, seem to be greatly needed. Californians have run wild over a few varieties useful in their places, but much overrated. Every man worthy of the name will uphold the teachings of his boyhood and the dictates of experience. I may, therefore, be pardoned in at- tempting to define the limits of these popular varieties. The Eucalyptus globulus may first be mentioned. It hangs like a vulture over our lawns and gardens. It deals out death impartially to all the little plants within its reach. It saps the soil and shades homes which, in our beautiful climate, should be suany. In its proper places, on our treeless moun- tain slopes or in the miasmatic swamps, the eucalyptus may be respected and esteemed. But is it possible to find in our cities or towns, sarburban resi- dences or country homes, a large or small garden not fairly smothered with eucalypti? They have been planted by the proprietor as things of beauty, which they certainly are not. We choose a picture to hang on the walls of our homes for its fineness of execu- tion and the congruity of its parts. Why should we not, in like manner, choose trees for our gardens and pleas- ure-grounds ? Why should we plant eucalyptus rows in lots of ground thirty by one hundred feet? It will almost inevitably happen that after a year or two we shall have to run to our nur- seryman, and tell him that this, that, and the other choice plant purchased of him some time previous fails to do well, and that many are dead! Last spring, a friend dug some large holes on the hillside, and filled them up with an excellent compost for mag- nolias to grow in, and watered them bountifully during the summer, but they failed to grow. In the autumn he de- cided to cut a section through one of these holes, when, to his great surprise, he found the compost literally filled with eucalyptus roots, which had wan- dered more than fifty feet in search of food, and had ruined the magnolias, to the sorrow and anger of my friend. Let no reader of the Horticulturist think that because we object to the planting of eucalyptus in small gardens we would entirely discard the tree. As we have previously hinted, the tree is susceptible of filling various require- ments of California. It is a quick growing tree, forming large forests. Properly cultivated it will yield fire wood in two years, and in seven years we shall have trees fit for timber. If a number of acres are planted, a portion may be cut down each year and they will sprout constantly from the base, so that the "coppice" would continually re- new itself. Now we should remember that this quality of the tree is invalua- ble in many respects. Neither does this tree require the best of our lands. It will flourish well on barren and rocky soils. The eucalyptus is a forest tree, but is not a tree for our gardens. We have called the eucalyptus a de- stroyer; but trees of similar evil habits might easily be mentioned. Pinus in- signis, and Ciqwessus macrocarpa, al- though not quite so gross feeders, form dense masses o*f foliage, smothering all 16 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. minor growths. Both these are beau- tiful trees in their proper place, hut when used inappropriately show a de- cided lack of taste. We lately passed a gentleman's place of some pretensions, where the sides of the driveway and walks were bordered with large trees, eucalyptus and Monterey cypress pre- dominating. The long, bare trunks of the eucalypti were nearest the walks, and behind them were grouped the heavy cypress, pruned into what much resembled, a conical, iron casting! Even the simple change of putting the eucalypti in the background would have been a great improvement; and many handsomer and more suitable trees might be suggested. But wealthy gen- tlemen too often neglect to ^obtain proper information on these subjects. It seems strange to us that gentlemen who would not think of planning a house without the aid of a competent architect, should so often undertake to lay out grounds without the aid of a landscape gardener. A simple lack of knowledge too often ruins the appear- ance of the drives, walks, and lawns of costly villas. Let us remember that the adornment of our grounds is an ar- tistic problem, just as much as any one of the fine arts, and let us be careful what and where we plant. If a man attempts to plant his own grounds, he should not fail to ask the nurseryman how large the different spe- cies grow, and try to form some idea how they will look when larger. I have the honor to remain, yours truly, John Ellis, Berkeley, Cal. [The above communication from Mr. John Ellis, who has charge of the Uni- versity grounds, is worthy of notice, particularly at this season. Every thoughtful horticulturist will call to mind many instances of " Unguided Tree Planting." — Editoe.] A GOOD BEGINNING. Editoe Hoeticultueist — Sir : I live in the foothills of Alameda County, and close by a small creek which flows westward. The ground near the cabin in which four of us live has been an old cattle yard, and, until last spring, had never been broken up. Some former tenant (for we rent the place,) has planted a pepper tree and a few Castil- ian roses. "Wild blackberry vines, pink wild roses, and other flowers, cover the hillside, and my children find several kinds of ferns in the shade, near the water. Ever since we came here my wife has wanted a garden, and tried to grow some plants on the back porch, but some goats we had destroyed them. TTe have about six hundred head of Angora goats, and some of the common ones, which last are in mischief all the time. My wife kept on trying plants she had bought, but few of them seemed to thrive. The first plant she had anything like success .with was what she called smilax. It had firm, dark-green leaves, and it grew in the east window of the sitting-room. Then my wife said she must have a garden. I fenced in a place about twenty-five feet square, and dug it up. There was a rock about as big as the house on the north side, and the ground sloped to the creek. The soil was deep and rich. My wife bought some seeds in Oakland, on New Tear's, 1878, and sowed them the nest week. She made little beds close to the rock where it was warm, and kept the surface moist by a cover- ing of leaves. The double dwarf lark- spurs and the white candytuft bloomed very soon, I think in April and earlier. The rabbits ate up all the balsams, but I put strychnine in bits of potato, and killed several. THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 17 We hadsalpiglossis, a dark, rich-col- ored flower ; calliopsis, which bloomed wonderfulty; a bed of various asters, all double; some nasturtiums, a favorite flower of mine ; some everlastings and other flowers. Then we took cuttings of roses, lemon verbena, and other bushes, and planted them in a sunny bank of sand by the creek. Nearly every one grew, and the roses bloomed last fall. Altogether, we paid $3.95 for seeds for the garden. I am going to make the yard larger, so as to try and raise some vegetables. What had I better try ?— R. S., Oakland. [Tour letter is very interesting, and we hope success will attend all your ef- forts. If you will pulverize the hard surface well and deeply, you can grow vegetables of the best quality, and thus add much to the comfort of your fam- ily. Tour soil and location are well adapted to the growth of asparagus and rhubarb. Tou should buy 50 roots of asparagus, setting them eighteen inches apart, in one or two rows; six roots of rhubarb will be sufficient. Sow a small bed of cabbage and one of cauliflower, in a sheltered, sunny place. Trans- plant them in rows when from four to six inches high. Start some tomato seed in a box in the house. Sow peas as soon as you can; a few early peas, but mainly marrowfats and wrinkled peas. Make about four successive sow- ings, at intervals of two weeks. Tou can sow quite a large bed of blood tur- nip beets, using the small ones, where you thin out, for greens. A bed of tur- nips and a small bed of lettuce, radish and carrots is advisable. Parsnips and salsify are of easy culture. Sow in drills and thin out. Tou had better grow early onions from sets. When the weather is warmer, say in April, you can plant beans and sweet corn, cucumbers and melons. — Editor.] A Question about the Maurandya: — Mrs. F. M. writes from her home in Solano County to make inquiries con- cerning the propagation of the rich purple Maurandya, a great favorite of hers. She says that both her neighbors and herself have tried to grow it from seed, but, so far, without success. To this I answer that maurandya seeds often do not ripen well, and are, under any circumstances, hard to germinate. Further, there is no certainty that plants from seeds will come true. In- stead of the rich purple of M. Bar- clayana, you will have shades of pink mostly. But the dependence must be upon cuttings taken from the tips of the growing branches. Make them two or two and one-half inches long. Put them in a saucer of moist sand, and treat as fuchsia cuttings. Write us again of your success and of any other gardening difficulties. Tou ought to have the pure white maurandya to grow on the same pillar with the purple variety. Plants Named. — W. C. M. , Sacra- mento.— The plant of which you speak is the Daphne odorata, a Himalayan plant, and one of our most enjoyable winter blooming shrubs. It will stand our winters, and prefers some shade in summers. Mrs. J. P. — The branch you send is from Kennedy a, an old greenhouse shrub. If yours is now " eight feet high and sixteen feet round, perfectly healthy, unprotected by any trees and has bloomed for years," we must con- gratulate you on your beautiful and valuable specimen. The Atlantic forest, according to Pro- fessor Gray, is composed of 66 genera and 155 species ; the Pacific forest has only 31 genera and 78 species of tim- ber trees. 18 THE CALIFOKNIA HOKTICULTUKIST. Jarm and Orchard. NOTES FOE JAtfUAKY. By the Editoe. These notes are being written during the last days of December, after every- thing else ha3 gone to press, so as to give them, so far as possible, the im- portant quality of freshness. Here we shall expect to gather up many lessons of each successive month of orchard and field word, and here, more than in any other department, we shall take a comprehensive view of our agricultural resources, remembering always, how- ever, that our work is that of a monthly. We are still having cold weather of unprecedented violence. So long a period of drought and cold has not been known for many years, and no other cold spell has found so many rare and costly plants to destroy. It gives one a sad and helpless feeling to pass along the familiar walks, these icy mornings, and observe how many plants seem dead. Tet, when the rain comes, many of our garden favorites will sprout again, and we can make new gardens, hoping that a long term of years will elapse before we have such another siege. This dry and cold weather is of the utmost value in promoting the opera- tions of orchardist and farmer. Let us forget the garden plants destroyed; let us not take a gloomy view of the future; with simple faith and wise foresight, let us utilize the many advantages of such weather to Californian farmers. This year the usual working season has really been extended, not shortened. In our wheat regions dry-sowing can go on steadily, as it has for months past, and even continue into 1879. Indeed, there is no other way to obtain the full- est possible benefit of whatever rain falls this season. The ground may be hard, but more and heavier teams must be used. If we have scanty rain -fall, and a poor harvest the summer-fallowed fields, and those broken up and dry- sown, will show a great superiority over ordinary winter- plowed fields. Good farming is manifest most con- spicuously in dry years. The land which is well managed, and "kept in heart," as an old friend used to say, will tide a man over a dry season. In such years thorough cultivation is the key-note of success. It may not supply the lack of rain, but it will bring out all there is in the land. If there is no more dry-sowing to do, many other things claim attention. This has been glorious working weather for building fences, moving out-build- ings, clearing brush, chopping wood, graveling roads, or any other of the many farm operations usually cut short by the early rains, which start weeds everywhere, and keep the teams busy in the regular winter work. As it hap- pens, this season affords time for re- pairs, and new, loug-considered, opera- tions. If the farmer has thought of a bit of drainage to reclaim some neg- lected corner; or a better division of the farm into fields; or a leveling of some hillock, to render irrigation more satisfactory, now is the proper time. It is enforced leisure from many opera- tions; let the energies of the farmer How into new channels. The man who crouches over the kitchen fire, bewails the chilly weather, and prognosticates gloomily of the coming season, will not reap the benefits of this winter, or scarcely of any one. In the orchard, work presses, and there need be no idle hands. Pruning must go on steadily; the branches must be trimmed up for firewood, and hauled THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 19 to the house; the refuse must he hauled off and burned, as is the usual practice, or, which is better, piled up covered with earth and allowed to rot slowly into rich soil. On hillside farms, places washed out by the rains may be filled up, and protected against further dam- age, by these trimmings of the orchard. The art of pruning is one of those arts which are easy in theory, but in practice, difficult. Every winter per- fessional pruners raid through the coun- try districts, and hack and mangle at many poor orchards. Let no man prune your orchard unless you are fully satisfied that he is intelligent, that he will not saw off large limbs recklessly, and that he uses hand shears and ladder most of the time. The art of the or- chardist is to keep clean and healthy trees, as nearly uniform as the nature of the different varieties will permit, having evenly shaped heads, open to permit the fruit to ripen and color well. To attain these points, the method of pruning used is of the utmost import- ance. A well - shaped tree must be planted at first, and, if it is pruned with judgment each year, no large limbs need ever be sawed off, until the tree's period of usefulness is past, and it is cut down for timber or firewood. One thing which the orchardist must not neglect, is to examine the whole orchard carefully, to see if there are any dead, diseased, or worthless trees. If so, now is the time to get rid of them. The older orchards of the State contain many worthless varieties, planted before their character was fully known. Apples of value in the Atlantic States have sometimes lost their useful- ness here. Unless a Rambo or Seek- no -further is kept for the sake of boy- ish reminiscences, these poor varieties should all be grafted over, or dug out, and their place supplied by young trees. The largest*demand will always be for winter apples. Nickajack, a red apple of southern origin, and that leading favorite, the Yellow Newtown Pippin, are two of the best keepers. Another piece of work for these rain- less days, is to dig holes for trees, if there is to be an orchard planted, or an addition made to the old one. The ground may seem hard, but if wide and deep holes are dug, so that wind, cold, sunlight, rain, and all vicissitudes of weather can act upon the soil, the trees you plant will show, by their growth, how much they appreciate the situation. Care spent in preparing orchard land is never wasted. Large holes, made loose and mellow in the bottoms; careful planting, with the earth well shaken around the roots, but not trampled; good mulching, and thorough cultiva- tion afterward — these are the essential points. When the orchard is made ready for the coming rains, there is another im- portant class of work to be taken up. The farm implements need care. Bolts need tightening, oiling, and covering with coal tar. The wood-work of wag- ons, cultivators, plows, seed -sowers, harrows, threshers, reapers, and all tools at any time exposed to the weather need a coat of paint or oil. Even hoes, rakes, and spades will amply repay this treatment. In our dry climate, wood- work splits, warps, and soon becomes unfit for use, unless amply protected "We must meet hard times with re- doubled economy; our farm tools must be made to last longer. These may seem trite remarks; the gist being simply to keep at work, to make improvements, to utilize these wintry days. But successful farm and orchard work is very little besides a careful attention to particulars, and a use of every moment. The editor of 20 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. this or any other monthly can only suggest, collect information, and try to make idle folks more ambitious. The farmer must himself realize the need of energy, and the importance of utilizing every resource. If he does, he will in some wise win success, and no unfavor- able season can ruin him beyond re- covery. Olive Orchards in Spain. — As there are few commercial nurseries in Spain, most of the planters have to raise their own trees. They usually plant the cut- tings in the place that the trees are to remain. One method is to take cuttings five to eight feet long and two inches in diameter at the bottom. These are planted from two to three feet deep. They usually take root and grow, form- ing a good head in two years. The ground around them is kept well stirred and watered when dry. A cone of earth is formed around the stem, usual- ly as high as four feet, to keep it cool and moist, as the sun has great power. The effect of the sun upon the bodies of fruit trees is much the same there as in our State. Whenever a tree be- comes unhealthy from want of cultiva- tion or drought, the sun soon burns the stem. The olive can be propagated by cuttings, layers or uovoli. For practi- cal purposes the cutting is the best. They can be put in nursery rows and grown several years, usually making a tree large enough to plant in the orch- ard in three years. Some varieties which do not strike very readily can be grafted upon the 'common one. The layers can be taken off from the " moth- er plant" after one year and planted in nursery rows one or two years, when they may be planted out in orchard. The uovoli or embryo buds are little knots which form upon the bark, es- pecially upon the upper roots. They are only found upon trees of ten or more years. They should be taken off and planted like bulbs. They form the young tree. There are but two kinds grown in Spain that will be of any value to us ; the common or Moorish for oil, and another for conserves. Those which I judged to be the best were in Granada and Andalusia. They were larger and finer in every respect than any other that I saw in Europe. The French have many kinds, and, in view of the varied character of our soil and climate, I have procured a few of their best varieties, as well as the Span- ish kinds. As an instance of the vitality of this tree, I will mention one that I saw near Malaga. It was supposed to have been planted by the Moors at least 400 years ago ; it had been grafted, but a sucker had sprung from ic near the ground and formed a tree as large as the orig- inal. There was a good crop upon it, and as far as the appearance of the tree indicated, ifc might live as many more years. — W. B. West, in S. F. Weekly Bulletin. Seedling Peach Trees. — One of our subscribers sends us the following item : I had a number of seedling-peach trees, which I cut or headed back regularly; I supplied them with abundance of pot- ash, and gave them good treatment in every way. They were selected promis- cuously from the lot, without reference to quality, really being no better than the rest. This season all bore, and the trees properly treated bore peaches eight and nine inches in circumference; and a common remark of observers was that I "had some fine budded peaches among my seedlings." I thinned my peaches and got better fruit and more of it. This shows that cultivation has much to do with the quality of any fruit. THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 21 Editorial Department. TO THE PUBLIC. The California Horticulturist has done some good work in the past ; we hope that now the time has come for it to do much better work, and, in fact, to become more distinctly a recognized authority in its own department. No foreign journal, howsoever ably edited, can ever entirely meet the wants of our nurserymen, florists, pomologists, and lovers of beautiful homes. We must, by thoughtful experiments, and a com- parison of notes from many sources, develop the wonderful capabilities of our soil and climate. While in no sense a rival of our agricultural week- lies, the Horticulturist aims to render itself indispensable to all who are in- terested in the art of gardening, or in the science of botany. We shall give space every month to a consideration of our native plants, and of new or promising importations. Nurseries, nursery work, and practical gardening will occupy much of our attention. We are persuaded that an earnest and hon- est horticultural journal can and will be supported on this coast. We are already promised, for the present volume, a number of contribu- tions from our ablest nurserymen, bot- anists, and horticultural writers. We also invite busy people to send us short, practical notes, questions, and items of interest. Everything which bears upon our climate and the treatment of dif- ferent plants is of importance. Ob- servations in botany and natural science will always be welcomed. We also ask our local botanists to send lists of the native plants of their respective locali- ties. Every good horticultural journal must have much to do with the homes of the people. In so far as in us lies, this journal proposes to give valuable hints on conservatories, rockeries, lawns, flower gardens, and everything which brightens and purifies the home. That we grow up a State of flower-lovers is something much to be desired. Tree, shrub, and flower planting on this coast are but in their infancy. The Horticul- turist proposes to help in their develop- ment. In conclusion, it may be well to add that my own interests in the nursery business will never be allowed to appear in the pages of this journal. The ex- ample of Thomas Meehan, of Philadel- phia, is proof that they can be kept en- tirely separate. Tours truly, The Editor. BETTEK THAN STOCKS. Shares of mines on the Comstock go up, and ruin one set of operators; they go down, and destroy another set; each movement of stocks means some luxury or comfort, or necessary of life, taken away from some family. We all re- member this year, and last year, and year before, the crash of some wealthy man, the ruin of some pleasant home, the desecration of some tasteful garden. Next year, and year after, we shall hear the same stories and see the same deso- lation. All this while here, as in no other known region, horticulture has endless possibilities, and invites men to leave their stock- deals, excitements, and illicit gains, to breathe again, as chil- dren, the purity of our perfect atmos- phere, and to vie with each other in the quiet and holy domains of nature. Whoever lives by farming, fruit culture, gardening, forestry, and nursery work, will have quiet thoughts and pleasant dreams; whoever tries to live by stock- 22 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. gambling will have heartache and sor- row, for this is nature's law. It is the field of out-door beauty and rural happiness which this monthly aims to cultivate. We would carry tired men back to their hours of child- hood; we would sweeten their lives with a breath of lilies and roses; we would have these pages hint of robins and fluttering butterflies, of mountain slopes and deep ravines, of cultured gardens and well -tilled farms, and fruitful orchards. "We would have the idea we represent grow and gain strength until no man ever risks his home on a deal in stocks, and until California is a land of vines and flowers, continual beauty, high culture, and noble art. WANTED-A HOKTICULTUKAL SOCIETY. One of the things for which we shall earnestly labor, through the pages of this monthly and otherwise, is the es- tablishment of a Horticultural Society in or near San Francisco. We need some place where all the friends of hor- ticulture can meet at least once a month, renew old friendships, and dis- cuss the science and practice of their work. We need a well-organized so- ciety to encourage the production of improved varieties of fruits and flow- ers; to give occasional exhibitions of marked excellence; and to disseminate horticultural knowledge. The future of horticulture on this Coast was never so bright before. If men of wealth and standing in the community will take hold of this matter in a quiet, practical way, our long-desired horti- cultural society will soon be an accom- plished fact. The difficulty heretofore has been in a lack of popular and unselfish leaders. Our nurserymen and florists are friendly in their business dealings; our wealthy garden-lovers are every year becoming more interested in the fruits and plants adapted to this Coast; there is nowhere any lack of individual zeal and energy. Yet once, some years ago, a certain his- toric institution, known as the " Bay District Horticultural Society," was or- ganized, lived a few years, and died a natural death. Concerning the history of that Society it is not our province to speak. But it appears evident that a little more zeal and hearty good fellowship would have insured its existence to this day, and have saved this great city the disgrace — for disgrace it is — of not being able to maintain, in this land of fruits and flowers, a single successful horticultu- ral society. A short history of another horticultu- ral society will serve to enforce our re- marks, and point our moral. Los Angeles has the honor of possessing a successful society, which publishes the well-known Southern California Horti- culturist. This journal enters upon its second year with a certified circulation of 1,200, five hundred and seventy- seven of which are taken in Los An- geles. The Society built, last year, a Horticultural Pavilion, towards which members and friends contributed over $6,000, and gave a successful. Fair. As we understand it, the best farmers, orchardists, nurserymen, viniculturists, and wealthy amateurs of our southern counties have otaken hold of this gopd work. Now we have, within a radius of forty miles from San Francisco, a large, wealthy, and progressive population which can as easily organize and sup- port three horticultural societies as Los Angeles can support one. Have we no pride in the matter, no hope in our own future, no enterprising and THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 23 capable men to act as leaders ? Will not our most trustworthy horticulturists consult with each other and arrange a definite plan? A WAENING TO OUK NUESEEYMEN. The nurserymen of the Pacific Coast are, as a rule, careful and energetic men, who raise good trees and deal fairly with their customers. Our soil and climate are such that although we can not always grow our own seedliDgs, yet we may hope to compete with the nur- series of any other section. Our apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry, and other fruit trees, are larger at one and two years than Eastern stock at two# and four years, and we are supplied with the newest varieties. We ought, therefore, to be able to control the trade of this coast, and of the adjacent Mexican and South Ameri- can States. Railroads are opening up new sections north, east, and south of us; the demand for trees is yearly in- creasing. Are we prepared to meet it ? It is a well-known fact that within the past few years large quantities of trees have been shipped to this coast from Eastern nurseries and sold through agents, by the seductive influences of highly colored plate books. Northern California and Eastern Oregon have been the favorite field of these men, but they do not appear to have slighted any section. Last winter Eastern houses made large shipments of trees to Ari- zona, via San Francisco, and sold them through agents, at high prices. Mexico has been entered by way of Vera Cruz, and our Eastern friends, with truly commendable enterprise, do not pro- pose to neglect the Pacific States of South America. We hear also of ship- ments from New York direct to Japan, China, New Zealand and other places more directly within our reach. What are our nurserymen doing to ex- tend their trade in these new directions? Are we fully aware of our own advan- tages of position ? How do we propose to hold the enlarging trade of our Pacific States, and also to gain the trade of our Spanish-American neigh- bors? Are we laying aside every jeal- ousy, forming business associations, and extending our influence? If not, then why not? It is now evident that we must have a sharp outside competition. For years we have done a local business, but now we are in the full current of the world's affairs, and it rests mainly with our- selves whether we shall make Oakland, San Jose, Los Angeles, and other points, commercial centres of extensive business, or hereafter take only a sub- ordinate place. We must grow more trees, and more cheaply. That is the problem. *-♦-*> THE GAEDEN IN JANUAEY. The gardening work of this month varies in importance with different sea- sons. When our rains begin early, December is decidedly the busiest month of the two; but when the rains delay their coming, as they did last winter and also this, everything seems to be crowded into January and Febru- ary. One of the first things to be done now, in many cases, is to take the prun- ing shears and go around the garden, cutting off all frost-killed tops of plants. Geraniums, fuchsias, heliotropes, etc., notwithstanding the severe cold of last month, will seldom be found irrecover- ably dead. The foliage and lesser branches protect the latent buds of the main stem. Our warm rains and occa- sional days of sunshine will do more to start these latent buds into vigorous growth if the dead branches are cleared away. In the bay counties we need 24 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. not fear any further frosts until after the rains are past. Then the young shoots from plants whose tops are killed now must be covered with religious care and reverence, every night for a couple of weeks or so. In ordinary winters, well-established plants live through without any trouble, but if we will grow tender plants in our gardens we must give them more at- tention when these unusually cold spells come. The work of taking cuttings should progress rapidly during this month. Roses and deciduous shrubs must be taken early, or a large percentage will fail. Make cuttings of well-ripened wood from eight to twelve inches long. Set in the ground a little sloping, so that two buds are out. "While trim- ming the garden, save a few cuttings of choice plants and thrust them into the ground close by the plant from which they were clipped. If the ground is moist, they can remain there without injury for several weeks, or until there is a cutting bed prepared. Nursery-, men grow many plants from cuttings set in long rows, and given ordinary field treatment; but the owner of a small garden can not follow that plan. The best thing for him to do is to choose a warm and sheltered locality, and make a " cutting bed." Dig in plenty of sand. Label everything. Have water handy, and do not let them get dry. This, owing to the more even warmth and moisture obtained, will be found a better plan than the system of striking cuttings in boxes, preferred by many. The sowing of hardy annuals and other flower seeds ought to go on. Perennials, in particular, ought to be sown early. Aquilegia (columbine), if sown now, will germinate with the greatest ease, but it usually fails when sown in summer. A. chrysantha, the golden-yellow variety from the Rocky Mountains, is one of the best. We like the old orange-red A. canadensis, and indeed most of the single ones. The double white and double blue are rich, clear and beautiful; the other doubles are sad-colored, and verge upon fail- ures. A bed of aquilegias for a cool, shady, northern slope is one of the things we always recommend. A hun- dred plants are not too many in a large garden, but let most of them be single ones. This month ought to be a busy one in the vegetable garden. When the rains are heavy and prolonged, the small beds used for vegetables ought to be made high and somewhat rounded, so as to afford good drainage. Later in the season the beds should be more level. After each rain stir the surface with a fine-toothed rake. This advice applies also to the flower garden. Great caution must be used where bulbs are planted, as most of them will be broken off by a careless stroke from a a hoe or rake. If the bulb beds are covered with fine sand to avoid crack- ing of the soil, they need never be touched otherwise than to pull up weeds, and it is much the best method of culture. The crocuses, early tulips, oxalis, grape hyacinths, and our small native bulbs, such as Br odea coccinnea, will begin to bloom early this month, if planted in the proper season. If clumps of herbaceous perennials in the garden were not divided in No- vember or December, that work may still be done, unless the flower spikes aro pushing up, in which case leave it. In dividing, use a sharp knife, and do not try to make too many pieces. If a person tries to pull a clump of roots apart it is apt to break at the wrong places, and ruin some of the buds. THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 25 Often an old and seemingly neglected plant will take a new lease of life if carefully divided up and replanted. THE VALUE OF TIMELY PROTECTION. The second week in December was characterized by a cold spell of marked severity. "We hear sad news from every part of the State. Plants in their na- ture tender, which have stood several successive winters, have succumbed. Yet we had sufficient warning. The clear, cold atmosphere, and dry north winds, ought to have prepared us for severe frosts. In Alameda County lime and citron trees were killed nearly to the ground, lemons suffered, and also irrigated oranges. We learn that orange buds in Los Angeles County have been injured. In most cases, however, a covering of straw has pro- tected fuchsias, geraniums, and similar plants. Use wisps of straw tied around the trunk for trees, and cover the top with a cloth. A FEW MORE OF OUR PLANS. The California Horticulturist has a great many bright plans for the future; and, if our friends will only help us, they shall all be carried out. Some- time, in the not very distant future, we expect to find some seeds of something "very pretty and rare to give to our sub- scribers. Then we expect to find more and more bright persons who love horti- culture, and can tell us of their failures and successes; there will be botanists of Coast Range and Sierra, and window gardeners, and floriculturists, and algae-lovers, and a host of nice people willing to give us information. Then we shall have, before many months, letters already promised from out of the way places — Mexico, New Zealand, Japan. "We remember, also, how much chil- dren love flowers; in these pages, there- fore, there shall often be something concerning a child's garden, something telling what children can plant with the most satisfaction. We would have a word for each member of the family, a home-like suggestion for farmer and artisan, and merchant, for busy wife and merry child. Beneath every roof- tree and every fireside we would become a welcome visitor, bringing the fresh- ness of nature, and the suggestions of rural art. We are condoled with. — "With the December number of the California Horticulturist, comes the announcement, that Chas. H. Shinn, whom our readers will recognize as an occasional corres- pondent, assumes editorial control. Mr. Shinn is an able and vigorous writer, and we welcome him to the new field of labor — a field, as all editors know, that is strewn with flowers and choice fruits, with neither thorns, brambles, Canada thistles, nuggets nor diamonds to mar his happiness. Brother Shinn, accept our condolence." — Southern Gal. Hort.for Dec. ' We have been prepared to expect some curious editorial experiences. But we hardly thought any friend would offer his " condolence" upon our entering so charming a field, where there are " neither thorns, brambles, nor thistles." Now really, wouldn't " felicitations" be much better, brother Holt? Mr. J. B. Hickman has kindly sent us a printed list of the native bulbs, shrubs, and seeds which he has col- lected in San Benito and Monterey counties. Mr. Hickman is an enthu- siastic botanist, and one of our friends in the days when we taught school. 26 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. (pditorial Jifotes. Stanhopea Oculata, and other Orchids. — This rare orchid, a native of Gautemala, is now in bloom, for the first time on this Coast, at the nurser- ies of John Rock, San Jose. The drooping masses of bloom push downward through the basket of moss in which the plant grows, attaining a length of eighteen inches. \Among other orchids we noticed Oncidium Cavendishi, with unusually large and healthy flower stems, a little past their prime ; Odontoglossum grande, with its compact, dwarfish growth, and immense spotted flowers ; and the curi- ous orchid, Oerides Japonicum, which is a native of a cold region. These orchids and others show care- ful treatment. Clerodendron Aromaticum. — Several of our nurseries have quite a stock of this fragrant and free blooming plant, which appears well adapted to our climate. Its habit of blooming when quite small is a great recommendation, and the double, lilac-colored flowers, borne in close heads, make this the best of Clerodendrons. We should think that nothing could be better for a house or window plant. Some handsome Ferns. — Adiatum amabile has a lovely, fountain-like method of growth, and well deserves its name. Gymnosgramma Wettentiattiana is much more graceful than its polysyllabic name. G. Peruviana agirophilla has a silvery leaf. Daval- lia elegans, D. Mooreana and D. clissectota, while varying in their modes of growth, yet possess a fam- ily resemblance, and are very desirable conservatory ferns. Nijihololus lingua cristata, a new fern from Japan, is remarkable for the crumpled tuft or crest at the extremity of each leaf, from which it obtains its specific name. These ferns, also, were grown by John Rock, of San Jose. The " Garden " speaks of Foinciana pulcherima for covering a wall in a warm greenhouse. The leaves are like those of Reidia glaucescens. The flowers are in showy orange and scarlet terminal clusters. Thunbergia Harrissi. — This green - house climber, a native of Moulwein, where it often fills the jungle, is always desirable. One we lately no- ticed has been in constant bloom for months, and its masses of trumpet-shaped flowers are a marvel. In color the limb of the corolla is purplish blue above, pale beneath, fading to yellow and white at the throat. As a mere matter of personal feeling we confess that we greatly admire this plant. Cyanophtllum Magnificum. — We lately ad- mired some specimens of this glorious foliage plant, whose large, heavily-veined leaves, stately growth, and pleasing combination of colors render it so dis- tinct an object. It is unrivaled for a conservatory, where proper care can be given. It belongs to the natural order Melastomacea. Concerning its treat- ment, we remark that it is liable to be attacked by in- sects, and must be kept in a constant state of growth, fed with rich compost, and occasionally watered with tobacco water if insects appear. It is propagated by cutting up the main stem into eyes, or short pieces. Another method is to cut a plant back, and put it in a hot-bed until side shoots start. Then take these off", each with a small piece of the old stem, and root them in sand with a little bottom heat, cov- ering them with a bell glass. Pintjs Insignis in England.— We notice that a correspondent of the Garden calls our well-known Monterey Pine (P. insignis) a " most beautiful and fast-growing conifer," and states that it deserves ex- tensive planting. Plumbago Capensis in large Grounds. — This free-blooming and graceful plant is capable of glowing effects in masses, or pegged down closely on the lawn. There is an air of grace and refinement about its growth, and the porcelain blue flowers are all that can be desired. Perennial Phloxes. — The brilliant Phloxes, which bloom from July to October, are, we observe with pleasure, coming more into use every year. Nothing else can be relied on for so gorgeous a dis- play in masses, and our wealthy amateurs can have no better plant for a circular bed on the lawn. Kinds may be chosen for a ribbon bed ranging in. height from fifteen inches to four and one-half feet. Bernard S. Fox had a fine assortment in bloom, last season, at his nurseries in San Jose, and we notice good clumps in many private gardens. Increase of Gladioli. — The gladiolus is emi- nently adapted to our climate, and ought to be more widely used. Last fall, taking up a bed of named varieties, John Bull, Juno, Ariadne, and a number of others, we could not help noticing how much they had increased. Single bulbs were planted last spring, and each one had produced three or four large blooming bulbs, in some cases even six, be- sides a handful of bulblets. It is safe to assert that the gladioli will grow in closer quarters, and survive more neglect than almost any other flower ; while, on the other hand, it will amply repay generous treatment. We prefer to make a succession of plantings. The first lot are put in before our early rains, or towards the last of October. Successive plantings follow in De- cember, February, and April, or even as late as June. That this is some trouble we frankly admit, but without some trouble no garden Can long endure. Self-sown Whitlayia Grandiflora. — The Whitlavia is one of our charming native plants, and its blue campanula-like flowers are much admired. THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 27 In any moist soil it self-sows, and keeps a succession the year round. Our little bed of three feet squa re " has not lacked flowers for eighteen months past. Pryal's Golden Cypress. — During a recent visit to the nurseries of A. D. Pryal, on the Temes- cal Creek, some four miles from Oakland, we ob- served, with much pleasure, the original tree of this new variety. Pryal's Golden Cypress is a seedling of marked character, from the well-known C. pyra- midaUs. The deep yellow blotches run into the branches, and even show on the cones. The compact growth and evenly distributed variegation, make this a promising novelty. Nemophilas. — Xemophila insignis and X.dis- coidalis, from self-sown seed, bloomed in our garden the last week in November. Diseased Pelargoniums. — Who can tell us the trouble with a pelargonium which suddenly withers as if blighted, and thereafter goes the way of dead plants ? From friends in various counties we hear mournful tales. Large-flowered geraniums of seem- ingly thrifty growth, die in the middle of summer. The leaves shrivel up, and when cut back, the pith of each stem is decayed. The roots are likewise shriv- eled. Indeed, the main trouble seems to begin with the roots. It seems to us, from the best light ob- tainable, that injudicious watering is the main cause. In some way a rapid growth has been suddenly checked. Spasmodic irrigation — first too much and then too little — is a fruitful cause of trouble. We shall be glad to hear from others on this subject. The Akebia Quinata. — This quaint and grace- ful vine from Japan is perfectly adapted to our cli- mate, and should be much more widely known. From some reason or other no nurserymen, so far as •we know of, had it here until a quite recent period. No one in search of a desirable evergreen vine will go astray if they buy an Akebia. Its qualities, as far as revealed, have been absolute freedom from dis- ease or insects, raj^d growth, glossy leaves and in- terlacing tendrils, and fragrant, chocolate-colored blossoms, in perfection during the early spring months. The rich and velvety appearance of their flowers is quite indescribable. Alpine Gardening. — A properly built rock-gar- den is one of the most beautiful of objects. If the fragments of rock used are irregular and moss cov- ered, such as may be found on the shady slopes of our hills ; and if they are built up so as to secure a series of compartments in which plants of different kinds may be placed, a natural and intelligently- arranged home for Alpine plants may be obtained. Besides planting some species in these little open- ings many rare plants will grow from small crevices in the stones themselves, and, although somewhat dwarfed, will be much healthier. Echeverias, saxi- fragas, and androsaceas push their fleshy roots through the smallest opening. When a large rock- garden is well established, and partly covered with larger plants, it will prove interesting to sow seeds of our native hillside flowers, and plant our small native bulbs in the interstices everywhere, so that they shall maintain a curious, siowly-growing ex- istence. A Recent Lily Discission. — Now and then some horticultural writer hits upon a subject of such universal interest that he is at once attacked and defended from a dozen directions ; and, if he stands by his guns, will inevitably have his hands full. A few months of rather lively cut and parry usually brings a vast fund of dormant information to light, and clears the atmosphere wonderfully. Our Eng- lish friends are quite apt to do this sort of thing ; and we notice that "Dunedin," "T. Baines," and others, have recently been discussing the treatment of lilies in the columns of the Garden. " Dunedin " believes in moving lilies as soon as the flowers have faded, and he objects to encouraging the growth of stem-roots. We differ with this portion of his treat- ment, although we agree as regards the decay of the old bulbs, and the formation of new ones internally. We think that, with us, if fine Japan lilies are de- sired, some top dressing and good mulching is neces- sary. We would move lilies early in November, the stem being then withered. As an example of this treatment, we last season had L. auratum with forty-one perfect blossoms, and L. speciosum with sixty, both being grown in the open ground. Our Willo"ws. — As Dr. Anderson suggests, we need a monograph of the willows. It is strange that so few men have toiled in this department, and we hope that our botanists will work faithfully on our native species. The English journals have been lately publishing some fine monographs on the alder, beech, and other families. The Collectors of our Native Plants, Seeds, and Bulbs. — We know some of these ear- nest and useful men who search our deep ravines and great forests, and we have a very sincere affec- tion for their work. They wander in Nature's " wild garden," and live fresh, hearty lives. They may, if they will, draw nearer to the gentle birds, and loving flowers, and snow-crowned, billowy moun- tains, than we of the valleys ever can. So we hope to know them better, and to be told of their wan- derings and botanical investigations. The "Taro" Plant. — Mr. Agapius Honcharenko of Alameda County, informs us that he is testing the Taro plant (Colocasia macrorhiza) s"o common as a food plant in the tropics. His location is in the foothills, and extremely well sheltered. The plants grew rapidly last year, and survived the cold weather of our winter months. We are promised a plant for experiments in the valley, and progress will be noted. 28 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. Pomological Motes. The Jean de Witte Pear. — This winter pear has been fruited this season in Alameda County. Ellwanger & Barry's description is—" Origin, Bel- gium ; size, medium ; season, December ; texture, juicy." It accords well with this description, the pears being gathered on the 7th of December, and still remaining sound December 20th. The quality must be called good. The pear is, in shape, size and color, much like the well-known White Doyenne except that it is somewhat more pyriform. The Black Detroit Apple. — This apple, which we have noticed in several orchards, but not to any extent in market, bears well, and is very handsome. It agrees mainly with Downing's description, but is of rather better quality, and keeps until January, or nearly three months later. Putah Creek Oranges. — Mr. Rixford, of the Bulletin, whose recent interesting article on species of Palms will be remembered with pleasure, has shown us samples of Putah Creek oranges which reached this market far in advance of the Los Angeles oranges, were of better color and superior flavor, selling, as a matter of course, at much higher rates. Los Angeles will doubtless continue to fur- nish the main crop for years to come, but the warm and frostless valleys of the interior present many advantages, and highly colored Christmas oranges will always be profitable. Jlfew § (Desirable Plants. [We shall glean from our exchanges and corre- spondence, notes on plants either new, or of promise in our climate. Our nurserymen are invited to send notes on any interesting plants received.] AristolochiaTrilobata.— This singular species is figured in the Botanical Mugazine (plate 6,387.) Sir Joseph Hooker states that two species of Aristo- lochia, from South America, characterized by the wonderful tail at the tip of the perianth, and curious spurs at the base, have been cultivated in England, and confounded with a third 'A. caudata) which has not yet been introduced. These species are, first, the old A. trilobata, of Linnsus's first edition of the "Species Plantarum ; " secondly, A. macroura (Gomez), a Brazilian species, figured in the Botani- cal Register under the same name. The true A. trilobata is a very slender climber, with three-lobed, stalked leaves of a bronze green, relieved by the red- dish tinge of the principal nerves ; those on the flow- ering branches are about two inches across. The flowers are borne on stalks rather longer than the leaves, and are of a yellowish green traversed by red lines, the mouth bristly and spotted with a brighter red, and the long tail of a rich brown ; altogether the perianth of the flower is 3 inches or more in length. — W. B. Hemsley, in ." Garden." Mammillaria longimamma. — This very curious species, which resembles some of the Echinocacti, grows on the table lands of Trinity County, and northward. It bears large yellow flowers, and should be used on rock-work. Daphne Blagayana. — Our European exchanges speak so highly of this new plant, which was first found in Carniola, that we hope some of our nursery- men will test it here. It was figured in No. 354 of the Garden. From its habitats, Carniola and Styria, it should suit our gardens. It is said to be easily propagated from layers. Asparagus Plumosi's. — This is a climbing under- shrub, with very numerous, slender, glabrous green spreading branches. The true leaves are in the form of minute deltoid scales with an acute ultimately re- flexed point. The cladodes, or false leaves, are grouped in tufts, each one is from one-eighth to^one- quarter inch long, bristle-shaped, and finely pointed. The elegance of its finely-cut false leaves rivaling or even excelling the most delicately cut fern, will render this plant a great favorite, and for decorative purposes, bouquets, etc., it will have the advantage of greater persistence than ferns. — Gardener's Chron- icle. A Blue Primrose. — The Gardener's Magazine says : " A blue primrose was exhibited by Mr. G. F. Wilson at South Kensington, under the designation of Scott Wilson. The flowers are large, stout, of good form, and of a rich deep blue color. It is so re- markably distinct in color that it must be regarded as a most valuable addition to the list of hardy prim- roses now in cultivation under distinctive names," Hydrangea Paniculata. — Very few, if any, late introductions for the garden and shrubbery please me so much as this hydrangea. Hardy, very easily propagated, very showy, lasting a long time too, it has few rivals ; profuse of bloom, changing from white to purple or red, it is continuously elegent ; after two or more years growth it is little less than superb. Coming, too, about the 1st of August, when blooming shrubbery is mostly over, I constantly wonder why it is not more abundant in pleasure grounds. — J. J. S., in Gardener's Monthly. Teichostema Lanatum.— This rare and hand- some plant of Northern Mexico has been found grow- ing out of its usual range in the central mountainous portion of San Luis Obispo County. It was figured and described in a Smithsonian report some years ago. It forms a very picturesque small shrub, with contorted branches, and twisted, narrow leaves of gray, veined with green. A bank of gravel, or a THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 29 crevice in the face of a rock, exposed to the full blaze of the sun, is its favorite location. When the flower- spikes, which are very numerous, begin to show themselves, they are almost hidden in a white pubes- cence, which gives the name lanatum to the plant. The flower spikes are like those of a drooping salvia, from six to nine inches in length, and of a reddish purple color, changing to a dark purple, and remain- ing in bloom a long time. The stamens which are indefinite, form the marked feature of the inflor- escence, for they extend over two inches out of the flower in a drooping, brilliant mass of rosy-red color; so that this, relieved against the white, wooly stalk, makes a striking object. — C. H. S., in Garden. Echeveria De Smetiana. — The Garden says that this is a great improvement on E. secunda glauca, forming a compact rosette, with bright silvery leaves, and a narrow edge of rose around the outer ones. We might use it here for carpet garden- ing. Croton Disraeli. — This new croton, figured in the Gardener's Monthly, promises to be an addition to the foliage plants. The leaves are trilobate, with a long, expanded middle lobe; the colors are at first light yellow blotched; afterwards the yellow deepens, the margin becomes a bright scarlet ; this being on a ground of deep green. Abutilon Anna Crozy. — This new abutilon has very large flowers ; color, a purplish rose ; habit, neat ; a good bloomer ; origin, France. Masdetallia velifera. — The number of species now known of the genus Masdevallia, is so great, and the variety of forms and colors so diversified, that it is difficult to make a selection. Only one species was known to the author of the genus. Lind- ley describes only three in his "Genera and Species." In 1861 Reichenbach described thirty-six, and since then no less than fifty additional species have been discovered, most of which are in cultivation. The present species, M. velifera, was discovered in New Granada. The flowers are green outside at the base, shading into brown upwards, and yellow on the borders ; brown inside ; petals, light green; lip, dark brownish-purple; whole flower shining as if var- nished.— W. B. Hemslet, in Garden. Alocasia Batayiensis. — The peculiar bluish- green shade of the leaves and stem of this decorative plant render it a striking object. We recently saw a fine specimen at W. F. Kelsey's, Oakland, where we also noticed large plants of Sanchezia nobilis, whose drooping leaves, so heavily ribbed across with distinct yellow, always attract attention. Propagation of Centaurea ragusina, can- didissima, gymnocarpa, etc. — These are consid- ered very difficult to manage, but the propagation is a very simple matter when you know how to do it. As the centaureas are the grandest of all the silvery leaved bedders we possess, and among the most aris- tocratic plants known, a paragraph on their propa- gation will probably be acceptable both to private growers and to many in the trade. One difficulty is to get shoots long enough for insertion in the soil of the cutting pans. This difficulty is to be got over by taking plants into the greenhouse in January, ten days before making the cuttings. The heat will strengthen the shoots ; and, as soon as they are long enough to cut, take them. The soil for the cutting pans should be peat without the fibre one- half, silver sand one-half; mix this thoroughly, and then put it in an oven and let it bake, but not burn, till completely dessicated. Dibble in the cuttings, and put bell-glasses over; keep on bottom heat; give no water for three weeks; then wet them mod- erately, and they will throw out shoots immediately» and, a week after, may be potted in thimbles or thumbs. — Floral World. The Popular Science Revieio ascribes the discov- ery of the eucalyptus globulus to Labillardiere, in the voyage undertaken with the object of searching for the famous Admiral La Pe rouse, in 1792. Lilacs. — It is a matter of surprise that the fine varieties of lilacs now in cultivation, fuch as the magnificent dark-colored kinds, named Dr. Lindley and Charles X., are not oftener planted in prefer- ence to the very inferior older kinds of common lilac, which they excel as much as the plant usually grown as Persian lilac, but which appears to be the Rouen variety (rothamagensis), does the compara- tivelypuny-lookingtype of Syringa pvsica. — Florist and Pomologist. Greenhouse Lycopodiums, or Selagixellas. — People very often fail in growing these beautiful and easily managed plants through exposing them to the same amount of air and light as the hard- wooded plants. The delicate foliage will not stand rough treatment with impunity ; for it soon assumes a brown, rusty color, to prove to the cultivator that the plaut is not receiving the right kind of treatment. These plants are propagated by cuttings and division, and thrive best in pans about six inches deep, well drained, and filled with a mixture of fibry peat, loam and leaf-mold in equal proportions, with plenty of sand. There are many more splendid kinds ; but these are the most suitable for the conservatory: Selaginella apoda, a pretty, little dense-growing kind, requires care in watering, otherwise it will go moldy in the centre ; S. denticulata, the old com- mon kind, but very beautiful and free-growing— one of the most useful we have ; S. formosum, a fine kind, the habit close and massive-looking, very easy to propagate, and grows about a foot high ; S. Mar- tensii, a fine, erect, close habit, same height as the preceding ; S. cuspidata, a very beautiful growing kind— foliage forms quite a bird's nest ; and S. Wil- denovii, a fine-spreading kind.— Floral World. 30 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. Reviews and Exchanges. [All books on subjects in any way connected with horticulture will be reviewed in this department. Publishers are requested to state the price of each book sent.] Floral Decorations for the Dwelling House. A practical guide to the home arrangement of plants and flowers. By Annie Hassard. Mac- millan & Co., American edition revised. A. L. Bancroft & Co. have laid this book on our table, and we have read it from cover to cover, for the mere pleasure of the thing. The first attraction lies in its typographical appearance, and many illus- trations, furnished partly, the author tells us, by the kindness of Mr. Robinson of the Garden. These are, however, as they should be, subordinate beau- ties. Each chapter is simple, practical, full of rare suggestiveness, and indicating years of experience in the arrangements of plants and flowers. "We have never before seen the decoration of tables so clearly explained, or so much of the artistic sense brought to bear upon button-hole bouquets, coat- flowers, baskets, vases, etc. There are people whose bouquets never harmonize, or who are not sufficient- ly aware of the infinite variations possible. To all such we commend this book, and we are also sure that no flower-lover can fail to find hints in every chapter. We read with particular interest the chap- ters on wiring and arranging flowers or leaves, and keeping them fresh for exhibitions or other purposes. The chapters giving lists of flowers, and vase ar- rangements, for each month in the year, may also be studied with profit, although requiring to be somewhat modified for our climate. To study this book will not make one at once a flower-artist, but without a knowledge of the laws of harmony and arrangement which the author so clearly states and illustrates, no one can ever hope to reach that con- summation. If our pages are not too much crowded with original matter we may sometime give a short quotation from this pleasant book. "The Blessed Bees." By John Allen. G. P. Put- man & Sons, New York ; A. Roman & Co., San Francisco. Some years ago the book market was flooded with horticultural novels. We had "Ten Acres Enough," and then a burlesque, "Five Acres Too Much," fol- lowed by " Three Acres Enough," and other works of a vivid fancy. These books were valuable in so far as they made people realize the capacity of a small piece of ground, and they were detrimental in so far as they smoothly exaggerated the profits, and fitted to allow sufficiently for unavoidable mistakes. This book, "The Blessed Bees," belongs to the same class of imaginative literature, and may, with great propriety, be called an apiarian novelette. "We are unable to decide how closely the narrative and exploits of John Allen may apply to the conditions of apiculture in Michigan. But our Californian apiarians can learn little from this work, and the present profits of honey are far below the figures given. Transactions oe the California State Agri- cultural Society for 1877. This neat volume of 159 pages, has recently been issued. In addition to the usual reports of directors, financial reports, li;ts of exhibitors, and of premiums awarded, several unusually valuable articles and ad- dresses are included. The Diagram of Rainfall for a term of years, prepared by Prof. G. F. Becker of our State University, was a valuable contribution to the subject, and we are glad to see it preserved in this more permanent form. The Hon. B. B. Redding furnishes a paper on the climate of California, which has already been widely copied and quoted from. The closing essay is one on forage plants, by C. H. Dwindle, Ph. B., Berkeley. Mr. Dwinelle rightly examines our native grasses and considers their value, so that his work is frtrsh, and far removed from an ordinary compilation. A good word is also spoken for the carob tree (ceratonia siliqua, L.) We hope Mr. Dwinelle will often take up these practi- cal topics. Dwarf Pear Tkees — Their culture and manage- ment. By M. B. Bateham, Secretary of Ohio State Horticultural Society. This short pamphlet is interesting as showing what, is done elsewhere with dwarfs. On this coast we dwarf but few pears, almost all varieties bearing early and abundantly on pear stock. Out of the long list given by Mr. Bateham, we seldom dwarf anything except the Louise Bonne de Jersey, Glout Morceau, and Duchesse d' Angouleme. Dwarfing improves the flavor of most pears, but quince stocks are not well adapted to our dry climate, and our nurserymen grow standards almost entirely. Lecture on Orange and Lemon Culture. By Thomas A. Garey. This lecture, delivered last August before Raisina Grange, Fresno, Cal., discusses the income from an orange orchard, the present and future market, the comparative value of California and Florida fruit, diseases, irrigation, budded vs. seedling trees, and similar topics. Case's Botanical Index. A catalogue is seldom so original as to merit es- pecial notice, but this one is very attractive. The article on Nympha^a is of much interest. Drew's Window Garden. Published by Geo. W. Park, Mount Vernon, Ohio. Condensed and cheap manuals on literary, educa- tional, scientific, and horticultural topics are every year becoming more plentiful. It is a pleasant task to write a little book which shall reach the hearts of the million, and it is a still more pleasant task to re- view it. The author, William C. L. Drew, of El THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. 31 Dorado, is widely known as a practical and interest- ing young writer. It will be observed that, for the present, our publishers will send a copy of the " Window Garden " to each new subscriber. The Native Flowers and Ffrns of the United States. By Thomas Meehan. L. Prang & Co., Boston. Published in twenty-four fortnightly parts, at fifty cents each part. Sold only by subscription. H. Keller & Co., the iigents of this artistic work, have sent us the first five parts, which we shall re- view in the February number. Each part consists of four elegant chromo-lithographs, in Prang's best style, and sixteeu pages of descriptive letter-press for which the name of Thomas Meehan is sufficient guarantee. We understand that the work is having wide sale as a holiday gift-book, for which it is very suitable. We have also received "Picturesque Arizona," through the courtesies of Mr. A. T. Dewey, of the Rural Press, and Mr. Conklin, the author. This also will be reviewed in the next number. Mr. Elbert S. Carman understands the art of con- densation. The Rural New Yorker is the model of a practical farmer's journal. The Scientific Farmer occupies a field of peculiar merit. Dr. SturtevantV " Waushakum Farm Notes" are of great interest and the editorial work is of rare quality. Vick's Illustrated Monthly for December, is a charming number, and we keep it on our desk so as to show the colored plate to our visitors. "We always like to read the seasonable hints in the Gardener's Monthly. Of course our climate requires a different order of events, but we enjoy the delight- fully easy style of Thos. Meehan's articles. Mr. Robinson's Garden and Mr. Meehan's Gardener's Monthly, are each, in their way, continually growing better, and always afford a horticultural feast of good things. The Rural Press, California Farmer, and weekly Bulletin lie on our desk; the first two devoted entirely to agriculture and kindred topics, the last giving a page to farm and garden. To these journals, and to all others which assist in developing horticulture on this coast, we extend the right hand of fellowship. The California Horticulturist is not, nor ever will be, the rival of our enterprising dailies and weeklies. There is room, and, let us hope, success, for us all. Our brother monthly, the Southern California Horticulturist, prints in the November number, Mr. Kercheval's fine poem read at the opening of the Los Angeles Fair. A poem for an " occasion" is apt to appear forced, but these musical lines linger in one's memory. The Gardeyxcr's Monthly for December gives a beautiful plate of Andromeda arborea in its autumn glory. We notics a good article on the Amarylli- daceae, by our valued correspondent W. C. L. Drew. Mr. Lonsdale's remarks on the Chinese primrose have also pleased us. We may notice, in this con- nection, that the Garden of November 23d figured some new forms of the Japan primrose. We do not know why our florists so seldom exhibit the Japan primrose, which is a herbaceous perennial of much beauty and variety. Catalogues, etc., ^Received. [We shall acknowledge the receipt of all Seed or Plant Catalogues, Pamphlets, Reports of Horticul- tural Societies, Agricultural Reports and similar documents.] Wilmington Nurseries. "Wholesale price-list of trees, shrubs, etc. Leo Weltz, proprietor, Wilming- ton, Ohio. A good colored plate of the Forest Rose Strawberry is inclosed. Sutton's Bulb Catalogue for 1878 ; Sutton & Sons, Reading, England. This beautiful quarto catalogue has our unqualified approval. Santa Clara Valley Nurseries, San Jose ; Bernard S. Fox, proprietor. ■ Price-list, 1878-79- Thomas Meherin, agent, San Francisco. Pomona Nursery, Cinnaminson, N. J. ; William Parry, proprietor. Price-list, 187S-79. Northern and Southern Nurseries, Wilmington, Del. ; Randolph Peters, proprietor. Catalogue. Pleasant Valley Small Fruit Nursery, Moorestown, N. J. Price-list. 1879. Shinn's Nurseries, Niles ; Shinn & Co., proprie- tors. Descriptive Catalogue, 1879. C. M. Silva & Son, Newcastle, Placer Co. De- scriptive Circular and Price-list. Co-operative Nursery, Los Angeles ; Thomas A. Garey, President. Catalogue of semi-tropical fruits, Germantown Nurseries, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Thos. Meehan, proprietor. Wholesale Catalogue and Price-list, also lists of tree, shrub and fruit seeds. McLean Co. Nurseries, Normal, III. ; W.A.Wat- son, proprietor. Wholesale Price-list. Bay Nurseries, Oakland, Cal ; James Hutchison, proprietor. Descriptive Catalogue. Arlington Nurseries, Jacksonville, Fla ; Albert I. Bidwell, proprietor. Price-list and Catalogue. Catalogue of Colored Fruit Plates, etc.; D. M. Dewey, Rochester, N, Y. Morris Nurseries, West Chester, Pa. Trade-list, Innisfallen Greenhouses, Springfield, Ohio. Cat- alogue of bulbs, roses, etc. Dayton Star Nurseries, Dayton, Ohio. Wholesale Price-list. 32 THE CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester ; Ellwanger & Barry, proprietors. "Wholesale Catalogue, Catalogue of Fruits, and Catalogue of Roses. Cherry Hill Nurseries, West Chester, Pa. ; Hoopes Bros. & Thomas. Catalogue of Greenhouse and Bedding plants, also Trade-list. Bellevue Nursery Co., Patterson, N. J. Trade-list of Florist's stock, etc. Chr. Lorenz, Erfurt; Catalogue of flower and vegetable seeds. Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs; M. C. Alkemade & Son, Haarlem, Holland. David Landreth & Sons, Philadelphia. Wholesale Trade Price-list of garden seeds. H. Cannell, Swanley, Kent, England. Select list of florists' flower seeds ; also Descriptive Catalogue. Waukegan Nurseries, Lake Co., Illinois ; Robert Douglas & Sons. Wholesale Catalogue of Ever- greens, etc. Hapeville Nurseries, Georgia ; Hape & Co. De- scriptive Catalogue. Exotic Gardens and Conservatories ; Miller & Co., San Francisco. Descriptive Catalogue. Rock's Nurseries, San Jose. Descriptive Cata- logue, also wholesale Price-list. Wellington's Catalogue for 1879, of Vegetable, Flower and Tree Bulbs, etc., San Francisco. Publishers' Jfoiices. [O3 The subscription of many of our readers ex- pired with the December number. We have endeav- ored to make the California Horticulturist better with each number, and our plans for the com- ing year embrace many desirable changes and im- provements. Will not all our friends who intend to renew their subscriptions do so at as early a date as practicable ? Their favors will be of double value for being prompt. Our Contributors. — The forthcoming volume of the Horticulturist will contain articles from some of the leading nurserymen, florists, and horti- cultural writers on the Coast. Our January num- ber speaks for itself, and further announcements will be made hereafter. We hope that each and every one of our subscrib- ers and readers will try to make up a club for the California Horticulturist. Every dollar we get helps to make our monthly better. We depend very largely upon those who are acquainted with the aims and character of the Horticulturist to increase our circulation. We call the attention of nurserymen, seedsmen, dealers in horticultural books, publishers of horti- cultural journals, etc., to our increasing circula- tion on this Coast, as a family and home journal of high repute. The California Horticulturist enters upon its ninth volume with renewed hope and an increas- ing subscription list. Copies of the present number will circulate in Mexico and the South American States, Japan, China, Australia, our Atlantic States and Europe. Feeling that we can return value received, we call the attention of nurserymen, florists, seedsmen, col- lectors of our native plants and bulbs, dealers in garden requisites, in agricultural implements, and in pottery, to our advertising advantages. Cards of landscape gardeners, of gardeners wishing a posi- tion, and of persons in search of a gardener, will be inserted at low rates. All advertisements in any way connected with horticulture, are respectfully solicited. Business notices inserted only in the Business Department. No wide-awake nurseryman can afford to do with- out the California Horticulturist this year. It will contain the freshest original articles, the most practical notes, the cream of the foreign horti- cultural journals. It will be fearless, impartial, pro- gressive. Nurserymen and their Journal. — Although our most progressive nurserymen take a horticultu- ral journal, still the number is much less than it should be. Every nurseryman ought to take and read at least one good horticultural journal instead of picking up information at second-hand. And every nurseryman should support his journal by good words, by occasional notes, by showing that he ap- preciates the work it is doing. A progressive jour- nal is, without exception, a necessity to a man who does not mean to be left behind in the race. Our Agents. — The Oakland friends of the Hor- ticulturist will always find it for sale at the book- store of our genial agent, Mr. W. B. Hardy, who is authorized to receive subscriptions. At San Jose the Horticulturist will be kept by Mr. Guppy, First Street. Mr. W. A. Pryal is agent for Temescal and its vicinity. Mr. B. F. Roberts, of Shasta Co., is duly authorized to act for us in the- counties of Shasta, Tehama, and Trinity, and our valued cor- I respondent Wrn. C. L. Drew, of El Dorado, will at i any time forward subscriptions from that vicinity. We would like to have a full and correct list of the nurserymen, florists, and gardeners of this coast;; also, a list of the landscape gardeners; also, a list i of the wealthy amateurs, and, indeed, of all who j have greenhouses, either large or small. Our friends ii will do us a great favor by sending us the names of [j all such persons. Please write, if only on a postal! card the names of those persons, in your vicinity, fi who love gardens, choice plants, and a beautiful home, and let us have the list. THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. 3000 Engravings; 1840 Pages Qunrto. 10,000 Words and Meanings not in other Dictionaries. More than 30,000 copies have been placed in the public schools of the United States. Recommended by State Superintendents of Schools in 84 different States. Contains 3,000 Illustrations, nearly three times as many as any other Dictionary. The sale of Webster's Dictionaries is 20 times as great as the sale of any other series of Dictionaries. Indispensable to every student of the English lan- guage."— M. R. Watte, Chief Justice United States. August i, 1877. The Dictionary used in the Govern- ment Printing-office is Webster's Unabridged." PUBLISHED BY C. & C. MERRIAM, SPRINGFIFLD, MASS. $66 BEST a week in your own town. $5 outfit free. No risk. Reader, if you want a business at which persons of either sex can make great pay all the time they work, write for particulars to H. Hallett & Co., Portland, Maine. can make money faster at work for us than at U anything else. Capital not required ; we will start you. $12 per day at home made by the in- dustrious. Men, women, boys and girls wanted everywhere to work for us. Now is the time. Costly outfit and terms free. Address Tuue & Co., Augusta, Maine. business you can engage in. $5 to $20 per day made by any worker of either sex, right in their own locali- ties. Particulars and samples worth $5 free. Improve your spare time at thu business. Address Stinson & Co., Portland, Maine. My annual Catalogue of Vegetable and | Flower Seed for 1879, rich in engravings, will be ready in January, and sent FREE, to all who 'apply. Customers of last season need not write for it. j I offer one of the largest collections of Vegetable Seed ever Bent out by any seed house in America, a large por- [tion of which were grown on my six seed farms. Print- led directions for cultivation on each package. All seed warranted to be both fresh and true to name; so far, that should it prove otherwise, I will refill the order gratis, i The original introducer of the Hubbard Squash, Phin- jney's Melon, Marblehead Cabbages, Mexican Corn, and scores of other vegetables, I invite the patronage of all Iwbo are anxious to have their seed directly from the grower, \fresh, true, and of the very best strain. I New Vegetables a specialty. JAMES J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass. DlilMfl Beautiful Concert Grand Pianos, cost nnnill rlANU $1,600, only $425. Superb Grai.d UnbAN Square Pianos, cost $1,100, only $255. Elegant Upright Pianos, cost $800, only $155. New Style Upright Pianos, $112.50. Organs, $35. Organs, 12 stops, $72.50. Church Organs, 16 stops, cost $390, only S115. Elegant »375iMir- ror top Organs, only $105. Tremendous sacrifice to close out present stock. Immense New Steam Factory soonjto be erect- ed Newspaper with much information about cost Pianos and Organs SENT FREE. Please address, DANIEL F. BEA.TTY, Washington, N.IJ. R. J. TRMBELL & CO. Importers Wholesale and Eetail DEALERS IN "W iir Bulbs, Flowers, Shrubs, Trees, Etc., Etc, 419 & 421 SANSOME ST., San Francisco. All Seeds Warranted Fresh and Pure. S. P. TAYLOR & CO. PROPRIETORS PIONEER PAPER MILL.— Agents of the Saratoga and Eagle Mills, Paper Warehouse, 416 Clay Street, San Francisco, jy All kinds of Paper and Paper Bags made to order. Wholesale and Retail. TREES, PLANTS. I logue Gratis. Address F. K. I ington Nuisery, 111. Bulbs. Fall Price ist and Bulb Cata- PHCENIX, Bloom- GENTS WANTED FOB THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S ILLUSTRATED BIBLE HISTORY. Over 100,000 Copies already sold, And only a small part of the country canvass* ed. The best and easiest book to sell. This work contains an attractive account of the great events mentioned in the Old and New Testaments, the lives of the Patriarchs, Prophets and Kings ; of Christ and His Apostles, and of the remarkable women and children mentioned in the sacred volume. Illustrated with Elegant Steel Engravings. For terms, address Henry Bill Publishing Co. , Norwich, Conn. THE HORTICULTUEAL ADVERTISER. SHINN'S NURSERIES. NILES, Alameda County, California. WE CALL ATTENTION TO OUR LARGE STOCK OF FgWIf TREES! Of the most approved varieties, including JAPANESE PERSIMMON, both home-grown.and imported; CORK OAK; LOQUAT; CAROB; GrUAVA; COFFEE, in pots and boxes ; DATE PALM ; BLUE GUM ; MAGNOLIAS ; SMALL FRUITS ; GREENHOUSE PLANTS ; EVERGREENS, eta JE^5* Address for Circulars and Catalogue, JAMES SHINN, Niles, or J. W. CLARK, 418 California St.. S. F. WARRANTED WATCHES ONLY S3 EACH $12 WATCHES For Only $3 Each. A BANKRUPT STOCK OF WATCHES, Warranted for One Year, This bankrupt stock of Watches must be closed out in 90 days. The former price of these Watches vai $12.00 each. They are silvered case and open face, all one style, and of French manufacture, the movements of which being well known the world over for their fine finish. They are used on railroads and steamboat*, where accurate time is required, and give good satisfaction. Think of it, a $12.00 Watch for only 93-00, and warranted one year Iter time. Cincinnati, O., October 1st, 1878. The Walters Importing Co. is an old established and very reliable house, and we cheerfully recommend them. Cincinnati Post. ' After the closure of sale of this bankrupt stock of Watches, which will continue 90 days from date of this paper, no order will be filled at less than $12.00 each ; so please send your order at once. With each Watch we furnish our special warrantee for one year for accurate time. We will forward the Watch prompt- ly on receipt of $3.00, or will send C.O.D. if customers desire and remit $1.00 on account. Address all orders to Walters Importing Co., 180 Elm Strekt, Cincinnati, O. C®=TO WATCH SPECULATORS: We call particular attention to these Watches, as they sell readily at from $12.00 to $20.00 each. BST Cm* this Advertisement Out. ■WARRANTED WATCHES ONLY S3' EACH .a. n^A.GrnsriDFicEisrT woek. The Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States. Br PROF. THOMAS MEEHAN, Vice-President of the Botanical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia: Professor of Vegetable Physiology to the Pennsylvania State Board ofAgriculture ; Editor of the "Gardeners' Monthly," etc. Illustrated by superb Colored Plates, carefully painted from Nature, and reprrduced in Prang's best style of Chromo- lithography. In 24 parts, at 50c each. The first volume now ready. Sold only by Subscription. B. KELLER «fc CO., 116 Post Street, Agents for the Pacific Coast. THE HORTICTJLTUKAL ADVERTISER. ui 6A1B1I, HOWIE AH» FIELD 8EED2 8* J* 80WBK I i SXS and 817 San some Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. CLOVER AND GRASS SEEDS IN LOTS TO SUIT CONSTANTLY IN STOCK. Seeds in Bulk, and also in Papers, neatly put up, with Description of Variety — General Directions for Cultivation on each Paper — and bearing my name, are for sale by responsible merchants throughout the Pacific States and Territories. THE DINGEt&CONARD GO'S BEAUTIFUIi EVER-BLOOMIKG THE BEST IN THE WORLD. . We deliver Strong Pot Plants, suitable /or im- mediate bloom, safelyDy mail, at all post-offices. 5 splendid varieties, your choice, all labeled, for $1; 12 for $3; 10for$3; 26 for $4$ 35 for $5; 75 for $10 ; 100 for $13. Our Great Specialty Is growing and distributing these beauti- ful Roses. Send for our NEW GUIDE TO ROSE CULTURE, 50 pages, elegantly illustrated, and choose from over 500 finest sorts. THE DINGEE &, CONARD CO., Rose-Growers, West Grove, Chester Co., Fa mSmmm iK\L< ROC HESTER, .N.Y...: The Largest and most Complete Stock of Fruit and Ornamental Trees in the U. S. 1 riced CataloRiies sent as follows t No. 1, Fruits, wita colored plate (new edition), 15 eta.: pain, 10 eta. No. tf , Ornamental Trees, etc-, with plate. 25 eta. ; plain. 15 cts. No. 3, Grnenhouse ; No. 4» Wholesale, and No. 5, Catalogue of Koses. Free. Address— ELLWANGER & BARRY, Rochester, N.Y. »ita*K»IWM<^*S«ew<»«l««Bi!>*"« Will be" mailed FREE to all applicants. It con* tains 2 colored plates. 500 engravings, _ about 150 pages, and full descriptions, prices and directions for planting over 1200 varieties of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Plants, Roses, Etc. Invaluable to all. Bend for it. Address D. M. FERRY & CO. Detroit Mich. IV THE HOETICULTUEAL ADVEBTISEK. EXOTIC GARDENS AND- f) CONSERVATORIES, MISSION STREET, opposite Woodward's Gardens, San Francisco. F, A. MILLER & CO., - - Proprietors. THE MOST EXTENSIVE GLASS STRUCTURES IN THE UNITED STATES. The very finest and rarest PLANTS, TREES, and SHRUBS always on hand. Grounds laid out and taken care of on the most reasonable terms. GOOD CURE FOR HARD TIMES A PLANTATION OF UARLY PRO- LIFIC and RELIANCE Raspberries. inn nnn piants for sale; also aoo,ooo IUUiUUU Cinderella and Continental Strawberry Plants. Millions of other Plants, Trees, etc. Every- thing new. novel, and rare. Prices low. Send for Descriptive Circular to GIBSON & BENNETT, Nurserymen and Fruit Growers, Woodbury, N.J. The largest and most Complete Stock of Fruit and Ornamental Trees in the U. S. Priced Cata- logues sent as follows: No. 1. Fruits, with colored plate, 15 cts.; Plain, lOcte. No. 58. Ornamental Trees, etc., with plate, 85c. No. 3. Greenhouse, Free. No. 4. "Wholesale, Free. No. 5. List of New Roses, Free. Address ELLWANGER & BARRY, Rocnester, N. Y. Established, 1852. 1873-21 Teai BAY NURSER1 OAKLAND, CAL. Nursery and Greenhouses, Telegraph Avenue, East sii Depot and Seed Store, Broadway and 13th Sts The largest collection of Ornamental Shrubs and Flowd Plants ir the State. Comprising Cape Jasmines, Camui Azaleas, ilagnolias, Araucarias, etc. My collection of Ba Fuchsias, and Carnations is unrivaled. New and Bare Plail specialty. Choice Flower Seeds. Garden and Lawn Sis, Fresh and Genuine. JAMES SVTCHISON, Proprietor ■A^E PLANTED BY A MILLION PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Si, Vieh's Catalogue, 300 Illustrations, only 2 centf Vick's Illustrated Monthly Magazine, I pages, fine Illustrations, and Colored Plate in eaci number. Price, $1.25 a year: Five copies f<>r $5. Vlclt's Flower and Vegetable Garden, I cents in paper covers; with elegant cloth covers, $1. j All may publications are printed in English and Germij JAMES VICE, Rochester, N. Y. THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. Wm XaVO^U/SklVlV of tlao DACIFIC NURSERIES, BAKER ST., BEL LOMBARD AND CHESTNUT, NEAR PRESIDIO, n the line of the Sutter Street Cars, SAN FRANCISCO Complete and well-selected Stock of Evergreen Trees and Shrubs. The largest and choicest collection of reenhouse and Open Air Plants on the Pacific Coast., I offer superior inducements to dealers and parties requiring assorted collections of ants. My Nurseries being the most extensive in San Francisco, I am prepared to furnish ants in large quantities at MODEEATE PRICES. Received the First Premium for the Largest and Best Collection of Flowering Plants, Fuchsias •uble Flowering Geraniums, Coleus and Carnations, at the Horticultural Exhibition of 1872. ORDERS FROM THE COUNTRY CAREFULLY ATTENDED TO. 'SEND FOR CATALOGUE JUST ISSUED. FREE ON APPLICATIONS^ AT OUR BEQUEST, .IRAGIN &. CO., of Philadelphia, Pa., re promised to send any of our readers gratis (on receipt of 15 cents to pay postage) a sample of obbins' Electric Soap To try. Send at once. 4 . n Cfin linn Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry, sCiwUUiUUU Currants, Grapes, Asparagus Roots, t\Ptach Trees, etc. 100 SELECTED VAKIETIES. EJ Great American Strawberries. Largest and best. Berries M 2 oz. each, 9 in around. By mail, 10 for $1 ; 100 for y S5 ; 1, 000 for 840. Wilson Albany, Ckas. Downing, u Monarch of West, Kentucky, Green Prolific, $ i per 1, 000 ; ICapt. Jack, Cumberland Triumph. Sterling Jocunda, $5 [per $1,000. ALL PURE. Catalogues free. Cut |« this out. JOHN 8. COLLINS, Moorestown, New Jersey. Plant*, etc., sent safely by mail 2000 miles, postage free ; 12 Roses, 11.00. 20 Verbenas. 11.00. 16 Basket or Bedding Plants, 11.00. 10 Geraniums, 11.00. A 76-page Catalogue, free. 100 other things, cheap. ■9- Also, all sorts of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, eta. A 6V fife Catalogue, free. 23d year. 400 acres. 13 green-bouses. STOKES, HARRISON & CO., Painesville, Lake Co., Onia to $20 per day at home. Samples worth $1 free. Stinson & Co., Portland, Maine. ISD 25c. to G. P. BOWELL & CO., New York, for Pamphlet I .[Of 100 pages, containing lists of 3,000 newspapers, and es- * tea showing cost of advertising. West Jersey Nurseries WOODBUKY, N. J. Gibson & Bennett. 100,000 Felton's Early P Prolific and Reliance Raspberry. 200,000 Cinderella and Continental Strawberry Plants. Direct from the Original Stock. MILLIONS OF OTHERFPLANTS, TREES, ETC — ■♦ New Descriptive Circular now ready. Seeds, Bulbs, Plants. Superior quality, by mail, post paid: 10 Gladiolus, in 10 sorts, named 50 cents. 10 double Tuberoses, flowering bulbs. . 75 cents. Catalogues free ; send for one. All kinds of Flower Seeds at Five Cents perpaper. Also, Bulbs and plants at extremely low rates. Address JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Queens, N. Y. n THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER, IMPORTED Dutch Bulbous Roots PRICED CATALOGUES, ON APPLICATION, For our New Importations of First-class HYACISTHS, TULIPS, LILIES, ETC., ETC. NOW READY FOR MAILING. J. M. THORBURN & CO. 15 John Street, New York. u II Forest Rose Strawberry Plants BY AND FOR THE MILLIONS, Beady now, from the original plantation. Per dozen, SI; 100, S3; 1,000, $25; 5,000, $100; 10,000, $175. Also Gregg Raspberries. Send for Price List for Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Small Fruit, etc. LEO WELTZ, Wilmington, O. ARMES & DALLAM IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF WOOD J. and Willow Ware, Brushes, Twines, Cordage, etc, and Sole Agents for F. N. Davis & Co.'s Bailding Pa- Eer, and Irving's Japanese Paper Carpeting and uilding Papers, Nos. 115 and 117 Fronr Street, San Francisco. s EXT FREE on application— BRIGGS k BBO.'S Flow- er and Vegetable Catalogue. Our large crops enable us to SELL SEEDS LOW. ROCHESTER, N. Y., or CHICAGO, ILLS. FLAX SLED AND CASTOR BEAN! PACIFIC OIL AND LEAD WORKS, SAN FR. cisco, are prepared to Furnish Seed and Cont: for next year's Crop of Flax Seed and Castor Bet at rates that, with proper cultivation on suitable 18 will make them among the most profitable Ci grown. For further particulars, address. Pacific Oil and Lead Works, Office,- corner California and Front Sis,, S. 3 BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS Delivered free of cost per mail at your door Splendid assortment of ROSES, six for $1.00, th for $2.00. Send for New Desceiptive Catalogi: Plants, gratis. HOOPES, BRO. & THOMAS, Cherry Hill Nurseries, West Chester, k THE HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISER. Til YY 0 c I Importations continually arriving, and always on band, of ■ kinds of [GETABLE, FLOWER AND TREE SEEDS, hiding pure California Alfalfa. Also, just arrived from Aus- ia, a fine lot of Eucalyptus or Blue Gum Seed, and from land, a complete collection of Flowering Bulbs of tbe finest eties. B. F. WELLINGTON, Importer and Dealer in Seeds, 435 WASHINGTON STREET, ly opposite the Post-office. San Francisco, Cal. P. C. LARSEN. W. WILSOK. LARSEN & WILSON, Dealers in Fine Watches, Diamonds, Jewelry, and Silverware No. 201 Kearny Street, corner of Sutter SAN FRANCISCO. PA SODA SPRINGS, OFFICE AND DEPOT : Dnimm Street San Francisco. JATURAL MINEBAL WATER rec- snded by leading physicians as a ant and healthy beverage, an ln- iting Tonic and Aperient. lers by letter, postal card, or in per- romptly attended to. nilies supplied at residence without charge. W T. WARD & CO., Agents. ALLET, DAVIS & CO'S LEBRATED PIANOS. Geo. Woods & Co's Parlor and Vestry Organs G. Badges, Sole Agent, Nos. 7 and 13 Sansome Street, San Francisco. HE DINGEE & CONARD CO'S BEAUTIFUL EVER-BLOOMING jVe deliver Strong Pot Roses, suitable for immediate owenng, safely by mail, at all post-offices. 5 Splendid La-alStiSSiiJoper9 who has devoted so much of his time to our interests, will not entirely leave us, but remains in the Business Department, and will occasionally contribute. From this date all Manuscripts, Editorial Correspondence, Exchanges, Books for Review, etc., must be addressed to CHARLES H. SHINN, Niles, Alameda County, CALIFORNIA. JOHN H. CARMANY & CO.,' Publishers, No. 409 Washington Street, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. LIST OF s S^* Frequent application for information about the NURSERY MEN FLORISTS, AND SEEDSMEN in San Francisco has induced us to furnish the following list, which we will add to and correct from time to time : NURSER Y3IEN. APPLEBY, WILLTAM, south side Mission, between Nine- teenth and Twentieth Streets. BARBEE, JOHN (Laurel Hill), north side Bush, between Lyon and Baker Streets. BKOCQ, ALFRED V. (Bay View), southeast corner Twen- first Avenue and J Street. COLLIE